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Photometry of Galaxies in the Bootes Void
As part of an investigation into the nature of galaxies in low density regions, we present broadband B, V, R, and I photometry for 27 galaxies in the Bootes Void. For each galaxy, we measure the magnitudes and colors out to the V 24.0 mag/arcsec<SUP>2</SUP> isophote, then calculate M<SUB>v</SUB> using previously measured redshifts. The morphological characteristics of each galaxy are discussed. Approximately 40% of our Bootes Void galaxies exhibit unusual or disturbed morphologies, including at least three galaxies with single spiral arms and at least three pairs of interacting galaxies. The magnitudes and colors of our Bootes Void sample are compared to complete samples of field, emission line and IRAS galaxies. We find that the void galaxies' colors are much bluer than the field and IRAS galaxies, but not as blue as the emission line galaxies. The void galaxies are also slightly brighter on average than emission line galaxies at similar redshift, which is inconsistent with some models of galaxy formation in low density environments.
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11.218726
2.93515
1997-06-01
16
1997AJ....113.1983C
[ "emission line galaxies", "IRAS galaxies", "galaxy formation", "galaxies", "interacting galaxies", "low density regions", "Bootes Void", "emission line", "low density environments", "our Bootes Void galaxies" ]
[ "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: FORMATION" ]
0
[ "10.1086/118410" ]
[ "Cruzen, Shawn T.", "Weistrop, Donna", "Hoopes, Charles G." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1997AJ....114.1753S", "1999AJ....118.2561G", "2000A&AS..142..399V", "2000A&AS..144..323S", "2000AJ....119...32G", "2000JKAS...33...75K", "2001ApJ...546L..91K", "2002A&A...389..405P", "2002AJ....123..142C", "2002ApJ...581.1039C", "2005JKAS...38....1K", "2006ApJ...639..157W", "2006ApJ...651..861C", "2017ApJ...836...58M", "2021ApJ...919..101P", "2022ApJ...941..128P" ]
[ "1970ApJ...160..405S", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1971phco.book.....P", "1976ApJ...205..696T", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1977A&A....54..661T", "1978ApJ...225...40B", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1981ApJ...248L..57K", "1984ApJ...281...95P", "1985ApJS...57..643D", "1986ApJ...300...77G", "1986ApJ...302L...1D", "1986ApJ...310...75T", "1987AJ.....94...23B", "1987ApJ...314..493K", "1987ApJ...314L..33M", "1987ApJS...63..295V", "1987ApJS...63..809S", "1988AJ.....95..651T", "1988AJ.....95.1602S", "1988ApJ...331..172W", "1988ApJS...67..249D", "1989AJ.....97..357W", "1989ApJS...70..163P", "1989ApJS...70..173S", "1989ApJS...70..479S", "1990AJ.....99..463D", "1990PASP..102.1181B", "1992A&A...253..349P", "1992A&A...261...57B", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJ...388L..13H", "1992ApJ...396L..23W", "1992ApJS...78...87M", "1992ApJS...79...49W", "1993AJ....105..464S", "1993ApJ...402...15L", "1993ApJ...410..458D", "1993MNRAS.263..481V", "1994AAS...185.5609A", "1994AJ....107.1245S", "1994AJ....108..862R", "1994AJ....108..870B", "1994PhDT.......373S", "1994vsf..book..100W", "1995A&A...301..329L", "1995AAS...18710902C", "1995AJ....109...87B", "1995AJ....109..981W", "1996AJ....111.2141S", "1996ApJ...468L...5D" ]
2048963
null
Corrugations in galactic discs generated by Magellanic-type perturbers
The small perpendicular distortions in a large disc galaxy, such as the Milky Way, that are caused by an orbiting intermediate-mass companion such as the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) have been modelled with a parallel computer implementation of a three-dimensinal N-body particle treecode. The model demonstrates that a companion with a mass fraction of 7.5 per cent of the Galaxy and an orbital inclination of 45 deg can generate height and perpendicular velocity perturbations of the inner disc of the primary galaxy that are of the order of several hundred pc and ~10 km s^-1, respectively, relative to an unperturbed system. The companion generates a spiral-shaped wave of perpendicular motions in the galactic disc which propagates from the edge inwards towards the bulge and forms a long-term, evolving spiral warp. The companion also significantly deforms the dark matter halo surrounding the Galaxy. The small perpendicular motions generated by the companion may account for some of the vertical deformations or corrugations that are observed in the Milky Way gas disc and for the slightly elevated velocity dispersions of the gas in some weakly interacting face-on galaxies.
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10.114968
6.78406
1997-06-01
21
1997MNRAS.287..947E
[ "perpendicular velocity perturbations", "perpendicular motions", "the Milky Way gas disc", "spiral warp", "a large disc galaxy", "Galaxy", "The small perpendicular motions", "The small perpendicular distortions", "LMC", "the galactic disc" ]
[ "METHODS: NUMERICAL", "GALAXY: HALO", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "MAGELLANIC CLOUDS" ]
2
[ "10.1093/mnras/287.4.947" ]
[ "Edelsohn, D. J.", "Elmegreen, B. G." ]
[ "IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, PO Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA", "IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, PO Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA" ]
[ "1998ASPC..147..278E", "1999ASPC..165..100W", "1999MNRAS.303L...7J", "2001ApJ...550..253A", "2001ApJ...556..181D", "2002ASPC..275..217T", "2002ASPC..275..431I", "2005ASPC..331..253M", "2006ApJ...643..881L", "2007MNRAS.376.1513N", "2008AJ....135..291M", "2008ApJ...688..237M", "2016A&A...588A..75M", "2019ApJ...872L...1C", "2020MNRAS.495.3705N", "2020Natur.578..237A", "2021arXiv210906182K", "2022A&A...657A...1S", "2022A&A...660L..12T", "2022MNRAS.513.3065N", "2022MNRAS.515.5951T" ]
[ "1957AJ.....62...90B", "1957AJ.....62...93K", "1957BAN....13..201W", "1958MNRAS.118..379O", "1960MNRAS.121..132G", "1966ApJ...145..811P", "1967MNRAS.137..337D", "1969ApJ...155..747H", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1974ApJ...190..291M", "1977A&A....57..455Q", "1977AJ.....82..408L", "1977ARA&A..15..437T", "1977Ap&SS..50..281Q", "1979A&A....76..124K", "1980ApJ...236..779L", "1982ApJ...263..116H", "1984ApJ...276..182S", "1986A&A...163...43S", "1986Natur.324..446B", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988A&A...189...66P", "1988csup.book.....H", "1989ApJS...71..871J", "1989MNRAS.237..785O", "1990A&ARv...2...29W", "1991ApJ...378..106A", "1991IAUS..148..447W", "1991MNRAS.251..193F", "1992AJ....103.1089B", "1992AJ....103.1552M", "1992ARA&A..30...51B", "1992gim..conf.....B", "1993A&A...275...16B", "1993MNRAS.263..875I", "1993PhT....46c..54B", "1994AJ....107.1333J", "1994AJ....107.2055B", "1994MNRAS.266..412K", "1995ApJ...453..139E", "1995CoPhC..87..266W", "1996ASPC...91..372W", "1996ASPC...91..516W" ]
2048534
null
An HI survey for protogalaxies in the Centaurus and Fornax galaxy clusters
The results of 21-cm neutral hydrogen survey observations, made using the 64-m Parkes telescope, are presented for two 8 deg by 8 deg fields, centred on the Centaurus and Fornax galaxy clusters, and a smaller 1 deg.5 field in Eridanus. The purpose of the observations was to search for extended Hi clouds with no clear optical counterparts. 31 previously catalogued galaxies were detected, with Hi parameters for 16 being listed for the first time. One previously uncatalogued dwarf galaxy (`Wombat I', J0341-3851) was found near the Fornax cluster. Australia Telescope Compact Array observations give an Hi mass of 8x10^7 Msolar and a diameter of 4kpc for this object, which is also visible on UKST survey plates. However, no clouds with optically invisible counterparts were detected. We deduce a 99 per cent confidence limit on the total Hi density of such objects in the cluster and near-cluster environment of Omega_HI&lt;10^-2h^-1(deltaV/100kms^-1.
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11.349677
7.80204
1997-06-01
19
1997MNRAS.288..307B
[ "extended Hi clouds", "Australia Telescope Compact Array observations", "such objects", "UKST survey plates", "Omega_HI&lt;10^", "Fornax", "the Centaurus and Fornax galaxy clusters", "21-cm neutral hydrogen survey observations", "the Fornax cluster", "4kpc" ]
[ "SURVEYS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: CENTAURUS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: ERIDANUS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: FORNAX", "RADIO LINES: GALAXIES" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/288.2.307" ]
[ "Barnes, D. G.", "Staveley-Smith, L.", "Webster, R. L.", "Walsh, W." ]
[ "School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia", "Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, Epping 2121, Australia", "School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia", "Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, Epping 2121, Australia" ]
[ "1998MNRAS.296L..15D", "1998PASP..110..223T", "1999ldss.work..132S", "2000A&AS..141..385V", "2000AJ....120.1342K", "2000ASPC..218..231W", "2000ASPC..218..239D", "2001A&A...376...98S", "2001Sci...293.1800Z", "2002A&A...386..140V", "2002MNRAS.337..641W", "2003A&A...401..141L", "2004MNRAS.349..922D", "2007ApJ...668...94H", "2021A&A...648A..31L", "2021MNRAS.505.1891R", "2022ApJ...926..167J", "2023A&A...673A.146S", "2024MNRAS.530.3787S" ]
[ "1964ApJ...139.1217T", "1975RScI...46..284A", "1977A&A....54..919S", "1979ApJ...227..756L", "1979ApJ...227..767H", "1981ApJ...243L..23F", "1982euse.book.....L", "1983ApJ...273L...1S", "1984AJ.....89.1461K", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1985ApJ...291..621M", "1985sgcc.book.....C", "1986MNRAS.220..679D", "1986MNRAS.221..453L", "1986MNRAS.222..427L", "1987AJ.....94...23B", "1988ApJ...327..544D", "1989AJ.....98..367F", "1989AJ.....98.1531W", "1989ApJ...338..654A", "1989ApJ...343...94S", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1989ApJ...346L...5G", "1989gcho.book.....H", "1989spce.book.....L", "1990A&AS...86..473F", "1990AJ.....99...31D", "1990AJ....100....1F", "1990AJ....100..999B", "1990ApJ...351L..33I", "1991AJ....101..765F", "1991AJ....101.1258S", "1991ApJ...372L..13W", "1991ApJS...75..241D", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....104.2086H", "1992ApJ...384L...5I", "1992ApJS...81..413M", "1993AJ....105..464S", "1993AJ....106.1394B", "1993ApJ...413..492M", "1994A&A...283..722Q", "1994AJ....108..491S", "1994ApJ...427L..13S", "1994ApJ...431..598D", "1994ApJ...436..618C", "1994PASP..106..978A", "1995AJ....109.2415C", "1995ApJ...447L..77B", "1995ApJ...450..578H", "1995PASP..107..959A", "1995PhDT.......298S", "1996ApJ...463...60B", "1996MNRAS.278L..49Q", "1996MNRAS.283L..79S" ]
2026404
null
Mass Injection Rates Due to Supernovae and Cloud Evaporation in Starburst Superwinds
We show that, for reasonable assumptions, conductively driven and ablation-driven evaporation of clouds in the core of the starburst galaxy M82 lead to a rate of mass injection into the superwind that is several times greater than that due to supernovae. This is in harmony with the results of efforts to construct a global superwind model consistent with the X-ray emission of M82. We examine the possibility that the increase of pressure in a starburst causes the burst to develop by inducing gravitational instability of the clouds.
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12.353384
8.655772
1997-06-01
23
1997ApJ...482..182H
[ "starburst", "mass injection", "reasonable assumptions", "clouds", "M82", "gravitational instability", "the starburst galaxy M82 lead", "pressure", "a global superwind model", "the X-ray emission" ]
[ "Galaxies: Individual: Messier Number: M82", "Galaxies: ISM", "Galaxies: Starburst", "Hydrodynamics", "ISM: Clouds", "Stars: Mass Loss" ]
0
[ "10.1086/304127" ]
[ "Hartquist, T. W.", "Dyson, J. E.", "Williams, R. J. R." ]
[ "Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, D-85740 Garching bei München, Germany.", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England.", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England." ]
[ "1998ASPC..148..127H", "1999ApJ...523..575L", "1999MNRAS.309..395W", "1999MNRAS.309..941D", "2000Ap&SS.272..221R", "2000ApJ...534..684W", "2000ApJS..129..493H", "2000MNRAS.314..511S", "2002A&A...390.1063D", "2002ApJ...568..689S", "2002RMxAC..13...49D", "2003CoKon.103..129D", "2003MNRAS.339..280S", "2003MNRAS.343..249S", "2004A&A...416...67G", "2005ARA&A..43..769V", "2005ApJ...635...86C", "2007ASSP....1..245P", "2016AcAau.123..200N", "2016AcAau.128..377N", "2018JPhCS1103a2007R", "2019AcAau.162..447N", "2019JPhCS1336a2009R" ]
[ "1975ApJ...196L..77A", "1976A&A....50..145K", "1976ApJ...210..326M", "1977ApJ...211..135C", "1977ApJ...214..725E", "1977ApJ...215..213M", "1982MNRAS.198.1007N", "1985Natur.317...44C", "1986A&A...161...12B", "1986ApJ...300L..89B", "1986ApJ...301...77S", "1986MNRAS.221..715H", "1987MNRAS.228..915B", "1987ppic.proc..453M", "1988IAUCo.101..205M", "1989ARA&A..27...41G", "1990ApJ...355..501B", "1990ApJS...74..833H", "1992ApJ...395..140B", "1994ApJ...420..213K", "1995ApJ...451..252W", "1996ApJ...463..528S" ]
2048588
null
Angular sizes of the faint blue galaxies
We investigate the angular sizes, morphologies and B-I colours of the 21≮I≮24 galaxies imaged on 10 Wide Field Planetary Camera fields. The number of galaxies with bluer colours (B-I&lt;2.0) and moderately large angular sizes exceeds non-evolving predictions by a factor of ~2, but is consistent with pure L* evolution (PLE) models. There is also an excess of galaxies of smaller angular size with very blue B-I colours, suggesting the presence of a lower redshift starburst dwarf galaxy population, with a steep luminosity function. The bluest (B-I&lt;1.2) subsample, consisting of 57 galaxies at 21&lt;I&lt;23, contained galaxies with a wide range of angular size and morphology, including spirals, chain galaxies, irregulars and bulge-profile nucleated galaxies. The blue spirals and chain galaxies tend to have the lowest apparent surface brightness, suggesting that they are mostly evolving L* galaxies at higher (z~0.8-2.0) redshifts, while many of the others, with smaller angular sizes, may be starburst dwarf galaxies at z&lt;0.5. At least 16 of these very blue galaxies appear to be interacting, but we find no overall correlation between B-I colour and the presence of a near neighbour. The angular size distribution of the bluest galaxies is peaked at smaller angular sizes than the PLE model predictions, suggesting that the mean half-light radius of spiral galaxies has increased with time by ~25per cent since z~1.2. Blue galaxies of spiral morphology tend to have larger (by ~0.2 dex) half-light radii in the blue band than in the I band, indicating strong radial colour gradients.
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12.378918
6.273593
1997-06-01
17
1997MNRAS.288..200R
[ "Blue galaxies", "chain galaxies", "spiral galaxies", "galaxies", "starburst dwarf galaxies", "smaller angular size", "smaller angular sizes", "angular size", "a lower redshift starburst dwarf galaxy population", "strong radial colour gradients" ]
[ "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/288.1.200" ]
[ "Roche, N.", "Ratnatunga, K.", "Griffiths, R. E.", "Im, M." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.2644O", "1998ApJS..119....1H", "1998MNRAS.293..157R", "1999A&A...344..393F", "1999AJ....118...86R", "1999Ap&SS.269..243W", "1999astro.ph..4179R", "2001AJ....121..598M", "2002ApJS..143..113W", "2002MNRAS.332..617F", "2002MNRAS.337.1282R", "2003AJ....125.1762C", "2004ASSL..319..429W", "2005AJ....129.1381H", "2005ApJ...627..632E", "2008ApJS..176..424C", "2013MNRAS.435.1186S" ]
[ "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1984AJ.....89...64B", "1988AJ.....96....1T", "1988ApJ...328...88S", "1989ARA&A..27..139H", "1989ApJ...339..700W", "1990AJ.....99..497S", "1990ApJ...359L...1C", "1991A&A...252..435G", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1991ApJ...380L..47E", "1991Natur.354..460C", "1992A&A...257..501G", "1992AJ....104.1039S", "1992ApJ...389....5T", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993MNRAS.261...19C", "1994AJ....108..437M", "1994ApJ...425L..13M", "1994ApJ...428..617V", "1994ApJ...429L..13B", "1994ApJ...431L...9M", "1994ApJ...435..540C", "1994ApJ...435L..19G", "1994MNRAS.267.1108C", "1995AJ....110.1576C", "1995AJ....110.2105A", "1995ApJ...438L..75M", "1995ApJ...440..470F", "1995ApJ...440L...1G", "1995ApJ...441..494I", "1995ApJ...449L..23D", "1995ApJ...451L...1S", "1995ApJ...453..559N", "1995ApJ...455...96C", "1995ApJ...455..108L", "1995MNRAS.273..157G", "1995MNRAS.275..781B", "1995Natur.377..603C", "1995chst.conf..351R", "1996AJ....111..655H", "1996AJ....111.1086G", "1996AJ....112..352S", "1996AJ....112..839C", "1996ApJ...458..100B", "1996ApJ...460...94L", "1996ApJ...460..121W", "1996ApJ...462...89F", "1996ApJ...464...79S", "1996ApJ...465L...9D", "1996ApJ...465L..15V", "1996ApJ...467...38K", "1996ApJ...470..189G", "1996ApJ...471L..15S", "1996ApJ...473L..63C", "1996MNRAS.280..397R", "1996MNRAS.281..847T", "1996MNRAS.282.1247R", "1996MNRAS.283...18D" ]
2048594
null
The Cepheid instability strip and the calibration of the primary distance scale
This study examines the possibility of galaxy-to-galaxy differences in the long-period Cepheid distributions of external galaxies. A simple theoretical framework is created and linear pulsation calculations are performed to model these distributions. The sturdy nature of the Cepheid period-luminosity (P-L) relation is affirmed, but both analytic arguments and the linear model grids point to potential systematic errors reaching up to a few tenths of a magnitude if the Cepheids in the calibrating and target galaxies have different distributions. We also point out some difficulties posed for stellar pulsation and evolution theory by the long-period Cepheids we have studied: the theoretical blue edge seems too hot and/or the inferred masses too large to account for the observed stars. Preliminary observational evidence is presented which marginally indicates the existence of two somewhat different types of distribution of long-period Cepheids in external galaxies, but further data are needed before this can be confirmed.
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7.011099
10.079939
1997-06-01
13
1997MNRAS.288..267S
[ "external galaxies", "galaxy", "different distributions", "Cepheids", "potential systematic errors", "long-period Cepheids", "distribution", "Preliminary observational evidence", "linear", "further data" ]
[ "STARS: EVOLUTION", "STARS: OSCILLATIONS", "CEPHEIDS", "DISTANCE SCALE" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/288.1.267" ]
[ "Simon, Norman R.", "Young, Todd S." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0111, USA", "-" ]
[ "1998A&A...333L..35A", "1999ApJ...522..250S", "1999ApJS..122..167B", "1999IAUS..190..527B", "2000A&A...360..245B", "2000ApJ...529..293B", "2003A&A...404..423T", "2004A&A...424...43S", "2004MNRAS.350..962K", "2007AJ....134..594P", "2008AJ....136.1770G", "2024A&ARv..32....4B", "2024MNRAS.530.5099D" ]
[ "1985cto..conf..166M", "1986ApJS...62..427G", "1990cbsp.proc..158C", "1991PASP..103..933M", "1992AJ....104.1430S", "1992ApJ...387..320C", "1993ApJ...419L..21S", "1993ApJS...86..541C", "1994ApJ...425...14S", "1994ApJ...427..628F", "1994Natur.371..757F", "1995aapn.conf..211S" ]
2051547
null
Two-Millimeter Observations of the Starburst Galaxy M82
The 2 mm continuum emission in the nuclear region of the archetypal starburst galaxy M82 was mapped with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope using a bolometer array (NOBA). The 2 mm map shows a central concentration with a single peak which is coincident with the 1.3 mm and 3.3 mm continuum peaks and an extended component that reaches up to 400 pc above and below the galactic plane. The good agreement in size and morphology between the extended structures and the dust lanes seen in the optical image or the spurlike features seen in CO maps suggests that these structures are associated with dust outflows. &gt;From a comparison between a 2 mm map and CO maps, it is suggested that the 2 mm continuum traces the distribution of neutral gas more precisely than does the CO emission.
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12.41573
8.874032
1997-06-01
7
1997PASJ...49..265K
[ "CO maps", "continuum peaks", "CO", "dust outflows", "neutral gas", "the archetypal starburst galaxy M82", "M82", "morphology", "lanes", "size" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL (M82)", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "INTERSTELLAR: DUST" ]
0
[ "10.1093/pasj/49.3.265" ]
[ "Kuno, Nario", "Matsuo, Hiroshi" ]
[ "Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Minamimaki, Minamisaku, Nagano 384-13", "-" ]
[ "1999A&A...343...51A", "2000A&A...358...65T", "2000ASPC..217..124K", "2000ApJ...545L.107M", "2001ApJ...552..133S", "2005ApJ...618..712M", "2009AJ....137..517L" ]
[ "1963ApJ...137.1005L", "1978AJ.....83..153J", "1978ApJ...221...62O", "1983QJRAS..24..267H", "1984ApJ...286..144W", "1987ApJ...312..574L", "1987PASJ...39..685N", "1988A&A...190...41K", "1988A&A...205..235M", "1988Natur.334...43B", "1989A&A...214...29T", "1989A&A...218...24P", "1990A&A...228..331L", "1990A&A...240..232K", "1990MNRAS.243...97S", "1990MNRAS.244..759H", "1991ApJ...366..422C", "1991ApJ...367..677T", "1991MNRAS.252P...6S", "1992A&A...265..447W", "1992ApJ...395..126S", "1993IJIMW..14..749K" ]
2028308
null
A Catalog of Faint Interacting Galaxies in Pairs and Groups. II.
We have completed the second part of an extensive survey of faint pairs and groups of galaxies in order to study galaxy evolution at intermediate redshifts. In this paper we present the second catalog of faint interacting galaxies of 49 equatorial fields taken with the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 4 m prime focus camera. The data set contains 11,297 galaxies within 19 &lt; m<SUB>R</SUB> &lt; 22, covering a total area of 2.63 deg<SUP>2</SUP>. We have found 1461 isolated pairs and 30 groups with separations 2" &lt; θ &lt; 6". Our results confirm the excess of galaxies in pairs and groups found in the first catalog (Infante, de Mello, &amp; Menanteau 1996; de Mello, Infante, &amp; Menanteau 1997). The two catalogs together cover an area of 4.86 deg<SUP>2</SUP> in the sky.
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11.725919
6.816487
1997-06-01
3
1997ApJS..110..227D
[ "faint interacting galaxies", "galaxy evolution", "galaxies", "faint pairs", "m prime focus camera", "groups", "lt", "pairs", "de Mello", "the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory" ]
[ "CATALOGS", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "Catalogs", "Galaxies: Evolution", "Galaxies: Interactions" ]
0
[ "10.1086/313006" ]
[ "de Mello, Duília F.", "Infante, Leopoldo", "Menanteau, Felipe", "Vieira, Gladys" ]
[ "Observatório Nacional DAN, C. Postal 23002, Rio de Janeiro, 20921-400 Brazil", "Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 104, Santiago 22, Chile", "Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 104, Santiago 22, Chile", "Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 104, Santiago 22, Chile" ]
[ "1998A&AS..129...69J", "2000AJ....119.1062C", "2000astro.ph.10222K" ]
[ "1982ApJ...255..382H", "1992ApJ...399..353H", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1994ApJ...435..540C", "1995ApJ...439..565I", "1995ApL&C..30....1R", "1995ApL....30....1R", "1995Msngr..81...19L", "1996A&AS..117..393B", "1996ApJ...466L..21L", "1996ApJ...468L..77G", "1996ApJ...469..535K", "1996ApJ...469L..85I", "1997ApJS..108...99D" ]
2051997
null
H II Regions in the Disks of Spiral Galaxies
The objective of the research presented in the thesis is to use photometrically calibrated high quality images in \ha\ of the disks of spiral galaxies to study their global star forming properties. In the first part of the study we catalog and study statistically the \hii\ regions in a set of spirals, imaged in \ha\ . The observed parameters of each region are its fluxes and diameters, from which we can also derive the mean surface brightness and its internal radial gradient (the latter for the largest most luminous regions). Plotting the luminosity function (LF) for a given galaxy (the number of regions versus \ha\ flux) we find a characteristic discontinuity: a peak accompanied by a change in gradient of the function, at a luminosity of 10$^{38.6}$ erg s$^{-1}$ per region. We attribute this to the change from ionization-bounded \hii\ regions, at luminosities below the transition, to density-bounded regions above the transition, and explain with a quantitative model based on this assumption why the transition takes place at a well-defined luminosity, and one which varies very little from galaxy to galaxy. In the six galaxies observed and analyzed in this way, the variance is 0.07 mag., making the transition a good prima facie candidate to be a powerful standard candle for accurate extragalactic distance measurements. Confirmation of the nature of the transition is provided by measurements of the internal brightness gradients, which show a jump from a constant value (predicted for ionization bounded regions) below the transition to a larger and increasing value above the transition. The theoretical model which can account for the transition was used to show how the gradients of the LF in the ionization bounded and the density bounded regimes can be used to derive the mass function of the ionizing stars in regions close to the transition luminosity, yielding a mean value for the slope of the MF in the galaxies observed of -2.4; the brightest stars in these regions are characteristically early O-types. Further evidence that the most luminous regions are density-bounded is provided by measuring the internal velocity dispersions of \hii\ regions across a galaxy, using the TAURUS Fabry-Perot spectral line imager. A plot of velocity dispersion v. luminosity in \ha\ is a scatter diagram in the log-log plane with a linear upper envelope having a slope of +2.6, on which lies the brightest regions: those above the transition. We explain these findings by assuming that a typical region does not show gas in virial equilibrium, since sporadic stellar events: winds and explosions, provide a non-negligible fraction of the \ha\ luminosity. However the locus of the upper envelope should correspond to a virial relation; the more massive regions show more rapid damping of impulsive energy input. The slope of the envelope is that predicted for regions whose mass rather than total luminosity is being sampled, i.e. density-bounded regions. The thesis is completed with a different application of our \ha\ observations: a technique to test the relation between the presence or absence of twofold symmetries in the star formation patterns of grand design spirals, and the strength of any bar which is present. We find that a strong bar inhibits the second degree of symmetry, implying more mixing in the disk. Finally we apply a dynamical model, using numerical simulations, to the spiral galaxy NGC 157, in order to determine its principal resonance. (SECTION: Dissertation Summaries)
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11.518741
7.628735
1997-06-01
0
1997PASP..109..740R
[ "ionization bounded regions", "\\hii\\ regions", "region", "regions", "spiral galaxies", "total luminosity", "galaxy", "luminosities", "luminosity", "ionization-bounded \\hii\\ regions" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1086/133940" ]
[ "Rozas, M." ]
[ "-" ]
null
null
11615775
astro-ph/9704156
The Extinction Law in an Occulting Galaxy
We measure the extinction law in a galaxy's spiral arm and interarm regions using a visual and infrared (BVRJHK) imaging study of the interacting galaxies NGC 2207 and IC 2163. This is an overlapping spiral galaxy pair in which NGC 2207 partially occults IC 2163. This geometry enables us to directly measure the extinction of light from the background galaxy as it passes through the disk of the foreground galaxy. We measure the extinction as a function of wavelength, and find that there is less extinction in the optical bands than expected from a normal Galactic extinction law. This deviation is significantly larger in the interarm region than in the spiral arm. The extinction curve in the spiral arm resembles a Milky Way R_V=5.0 dust model and the interarm extinction curve is flatter (``greyer'') still. We examine the effect of scattering of background galaxy light into the line of sight and find that it is negligible. We also examine the effect of an unresolved patchy dust distribution using a simple two-component dust model as well as the clumpy dust model of \cite{wit96}. Both models clearly demonstrate that an unresolved patchy dust distribution can flatten the extinction curve significantly. When fit to the data, both models suggest that the observed difference between the arm and interarm extinction curves is caused by the interarm region of NGC 2207 having a higher degree of dust patchiness (density ratio between high-density and low-density phases) than the spiral arm region. We note that an unresolved patchy dust distribution will cause us to underestimate the average column depth of gas in a galaxy if based solely on the visual extinction. It is much better to use the infrared extinction for this purpose.
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11.309332
9.166431
1997-07-01
59
1997AJ....114..107B
[ "dust model", "less extinction", "background galaxy light", "dust patchiness", "interarm regions", "an unresolved patchy dust distribution", "the interarm extinction curve", "a normal Galactic extinction law", "density ratio", "an overlapping spiral galaxy pair" ]
[ "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1086/118457", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9704156" ]
[ "Berlind, Andreas A.", "Quillen, A. C.", "Pogge, R. W.", "Sellgren, K." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1997AJ....114.2323K", "1998AJ....115.1438K", "1998AJ....116.2191P", "1998ApJ...506..152G", "1998ApJS..116...29G", "1999A&A...351.1051T", "1999AJ....118.2618E", "1999AJ....118.2646M", "1999ApJ...519...27C", "1999MNRAS.302..152K", "1999MNRAS.302L..55B", "1999PhDT........19B", "2000AJ....120..630E", "2000ApJ...528..799W", "2000ApJ...540..814E", "2000ApJ...542..761W", "2001A&A...366..451A", "2001AJ....121..182E", "2001MNRAS.326..722B", "2001MNRAS.327..663P", "2001PASP..113.1449C", "2002A&A...388..446A", "2002AJ....124..777E", "2002ApJS..143...73E", "2003ARA&A..41..241D", "2003MNRAS.339..260K", "2004ApJ...617.1022P", "2005AJ....129.1381H", "2007A&A...471..807J", "2007AJ....134.1655H", "2007AJ....134.2226H", "2007AJ....134.2385H", "2007arXiv0710.3776H", "2008A&A...482..229K", "2008ASPC..396..123H", "2008arXiv0810.2646H", "2009A&A...493...23K", "2009AJ....137.3000H", "2009ApJ...691..394M", "2013A&A...556A..42H", "2013AN....334..268H", "2013MNRAS.433...47H", "2013PASP..125....2K", "2015MNRAS.449.4277H", "2015MNRAS.451.2390H", "2015llg..book...85L", "2016A&A...593A..42T", "2016Ap.....59..548G", "2016AstL...42..445G", "2016MNRAS.459.2054D", "2017ApJ...835..218P", "2018ARA&A..56..673G", "2019ApJ...874..177M", "2020ARA&A..58..529S", "2020AcASn..61...15S", "2020ChA&A..44..196S", "2022AJ....163..150K", "2023ApJ...949...60S", "2024AJ....167..263R" ]
[ "1979ARA&A..17...73S", "1984ApJ...285...89D", "1988ARA&A..26...51F", "1988ApJ...333..673B", "1989ApJ...345..245C", "1990AJ....100..518J", "1990ApJ...349..107P", "1990Natur.346..153V", "1991Natur.353..515B", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992ApJ...400..238S", "1992Natur.359..129W", "1993ApJ...418..123R", "1994ApJ...427..227W", "1994ApJ...437..162Q", "1995A&A...303..673E", "1995AJ....109..721S", "1995ApJ...441..549Q", "1995ApJ...453..100E", "1995ApJ...453..139E", "1996A&A...309..570L", "1996ApJ...463..681W", "1996astro.ph..8113W" ]
3121412
astro-ph/9702082
Large-scale structure in COBE-normalized cold dark matter cosmogonies
We study the clustering of the mass distribution in cold dark matter models using large cosmological N-body simulations. We investigate spatially flat models with a cosmological constant and scale-invariant (n=1) primordial power spectra, as well as open-bubble inflation models. All the models we consider are normalized according to the fluctuation amplitude measured in the COBE-DMR microwave background anisotropy data. With an age of the universe t_0~14 Gyr (12 Gyr) for the flat (open) models, a baryon mass density parameter Omega_B=0.0125h^-2, and a reasonable assessment of the systematic uncertainties in the cumulative cluster mass function, the observed abundance of rich galaxy clusters leads to tight constraints on the mass density parameter Omega_0. The allowable ranges are 0.4&lt;~Omega_0&lt;~0.5 for open models and 0.25&lt;~Omega_0&lt;~0.4 for flat models. The upper limits on Omega_0 can be relaxed if one lowers the Hubble parameter and increases the age of the universe, but h&lt;~0.25 is required for Omega_0=1 to be allowed. The constraints also change if one allows tilted primordial power spectra. An Omega_0=1 cold dark matter model with h=0.5 can be constructed to satisfy both the cluster and DMR constraints, but it requires a tilted primordial power spectrum with n~0.8 and a corresponding contribution to the DMR signal from gravitational waves that reduces the implied sigma_8 by a further 27 per cent. We compare the evolved mass correlation functions and power spectra of the most promising of our N-body models with those of galaxies in the APM survey. The flat models have steep correlation functions at small scales and require the galaxy distribution to be antibiased on scales r&lt;~8h^-1Mpc. The open models require little or no antibias on small scales and a positive bias on large scales; these biases are small for Omega_0~0.4, implying that, in this case, galaxies approximately trace the mass over a wide range of scales. The lack of a positive bias on small scales in almost all of these N-body models is difficult to reconcile with the mean mass-to-light ratio of cluster galaxies which, if Omega_0&gt;~0.2, implies that galaxies are overabundant in clusters relative to the field. The tilted Omega_0=1 model, on the other hand, does require that galaxies be positively biased on small scales, and that the bias become stronger on larger scales. We also compute the topology of isodensity contours in these models, obtaining theoretical predictions that are less sensitive to the details of galaxy formation.
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12.395683
2.683381
1997-07-01
53
1997MNRAS.289...37C
[ "open models", "flat models", "cold dark matter models", "cluster galaxies", "rich galaxy clusters", "small scales", "tilted primordial power spectra", "galaxies", "galaxy formation", "large scales" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
5
[ "10.1093/mnras/289.1.37", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9702082" ]
[ "Cole, Shaun", "Weinberg, David H.", "Frenk, Carlos S.", "Ratra, Bharat" ]
[ "Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 174 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA", "Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA" ]
[ "1997ASIC..503..153T", "1997ApJ...490...63D", "1998A&A...336...11V", "1998A&A...337..655V", "1998ARA&A..36..599B", "1998ASPC..148...21W", "1998ApJ...498..504B", "1998ApJ...499...20J", "1998ApJ...505....8R", "1998ApJ...506..473P", "1998ApJ...508..440N", "1998ApJS..114..165G", "1998MNRAS.300..945C", "1999ApJ...510...11R", "1999ApJ...512..527D", "1999ApJ...517..549R", "1999ApJ...520..437K", "1999ApJ...523...32C", "1999ApJ...523..463K", "1999ApJ...524..510G", "1999MNRAS.306..575D", "1999MNRAS.306..779D", "1999MNRAS.307..949G", "1999elss.conf..153B", "2000ApJ...528....1N", "2000ApJ...529..795C", "2000ApJ...530...53F", "2000ApJ...532..109P", "2000ApJ...537..537B", "2000ApJ...540...62S", "2000ApJ...542....9G", "2000ChA&A..24..413F", "2000MNRAS.318..665D", "2000MNRAS.318.1177D", "2000MNRAS.319..168C", "2000MNRAS.319..807P", "2000RPPh...63.1851N", "2001ApJ...549..688B", "2001ApJ...550..522B", "2001ApJ...563...28P", "2001ApJS..136....1N", "2001MNRAS.322..369D", "2002ApJ...564....1M", "2002ApJ...571...15W", "2002ApJ...581...20C", "2003ApJ...582..586C", "2003MNRAS.340..525D", "2003RvMP...75..559P", "2003astro.ph..8027T", "2005PhRvD..71l5009K", "2013PASA...30...30B", "2013PhR...530...87W", "2017PhRvD..96j3534R" ]
[ "1932PNAS...18..213E", "1970Afz.....6..581D", "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1979ApJ...229...78H", "1981grf..book.....A", "1982ApJ...263L...1P", "1982Natur.295..304G", "1983ApJ...270...20B", "1983NuPhB.212..321G", "1983SvAL....9...41K", "1984Natur.311..517B", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1985ApJ...292..441H", "1985ApJS...57..241E", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986ApJ...306..341G", "1986ApJ...309....1H", "1987ApJ...319....1G", "1988ApJ...328...50M", "1989ApJ...340..625G", "1990ApJ...351...10F", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990Natur.348..705E", "1991AJ....101..342S", "1991ApJ...368L..23C", "1991ApJ...372..410H", "1991ApJ...376...51W", "1991ApJ...378..457P", "1991PhLB..265..245B", "1992ApJ...392L..51P", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992ApJ...396L..13W", "1992ApJ...399L.109K", "1992MNRAS.256..477M", "1992MNRAS.257..125E", "1992MNRAS.258P...1E", "1992Natur.359..199S", "1992PhRvL..69.3602S", "1993ApJ...407L..45B", "1993ApJ...407L..49B", "1993ApJ...417..415C", "1993ApJ...419L..45T", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1993MNRAS.265..145B", "1993Natur.366..429W", "1993PhRvL..71..324C", "1994ApJ...420..525V", "1994ApJ...432L...5R", "1994ApJ...434L...1K", "1994ApJ...437...56F", "1994MNRAS.268L...1C", "1994Natur.368..599S", "1995ApJ...441L...9B", "1995ApJ...444L..65G", "1995ApJ...446...49B", "1995ApJ...454....1S", "1995ApJ...455..412Y", "1995ApJS..100..281S", "1995MNRAS.274.1049B", "1995MNRAS.275..720N", "1995MNRAS.277.1225S", "1995Natur.377...27T", "1995Natur.377..600O", "1995PhRvD..52.1837R", "1995PhRvD..52.3314B", "1995wfsd.conf....3G", "1996AJ....111.2135R", "1996ApJ...456..437M", "1996ApJ...457..565B", "1996ApJ...459L...1R", "1996ApJ...460...10L", "1996ApJ...460L..15S", "1996ApJ...461L..61G", "1996ApJ...463...60B", "1996ApJ...464L...1B", "1996ApJ...464L..11G", "1996ApJ...465L..23R", "1996ApJ...466...13K", "1996ApJ...469...73S", "1996ApJ...469..480K", "1996ApJ...472..460F", "1996ApJ...473...88R", "1996MNRAS.280..267B", "1996MNRAS.281..323V", "1996MNRAS.281..703E", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1996MNRAS.282..281L", "1996MNRAS.283..107W", "1996MNRAS.283.1227M", "1996Natur.381..207T", "1996Natur.383..308W", "1996PhRvL..77.4704W", "1996Sci...271..957C", "1996astro.ph.12121T", "1997A&A...317....1O", "1997A&A...320..365O", "1997ASIC..502.....L", "1997ApJ...475..393B", "1997ApJ...476L...7C", "1997ApJ...478..462C", "1997ApJ...479..665S", "1997ApJ...479L..19C", "1997ApJ...480....6B", "1997ApJ...481...22R", "1997ApJ...482...89A", "1997ApJ...484....7G", "1997MNRAS.284..885P", "1997Natur.385..137S", "1997NewA....1..321B" ]
2051873
null
Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies: Hidden Galaxies Revealed
In twenty years, low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies have evolved from being an idiosyncratic notion to being one of the major baryonic repositories in the Universe. The story of their discovery and the characterization of their properties is told here. Their recovery from the noise of the night sky background is a strong testament to the severity of surface brightness selection effects. LSB galaxies have a number of remarkable properties which distinguish them from the more familiar Hubble Sequence of spirals. The two most important are 1) they evolve at a significantly slower rate and may well experience star formation outside of the molecular cloud environment, 2) they are embedded in dark matter halos which are of lower density and more extended than the halos around high surface brightness (HSB) disk galaxies. Compared to HSB disks, LSB disks are strongly dark matter dominated at all radii and show a systematic increase in $M/L$ with decreasing central surface brightness. In addition, the recognition that large numbers of LSB galaxies actually exist has changed the form of the galaxy luminosity function and has clearly increased the space density of galaxies at z =0. Recent CCD surveys have uncovered a population of red LSB disks that may be related to the excess of faint blue galaxies detected at moderate redshifts. LSB galaxies offer us a new window into galaxy evolution and formation which is every bit as important as those processes which have produced easy to detect galaxies. Indeed, the apparent youth of some LSB galaxies suggest that galaxy formation is a greatly extended process. While the discovery of LSB galaxies have lead to new insights, it remains unwise to presume that we now have a representative sample which encompasses all galaxy types and forms. (SECTION: Invited Review Paper)
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11.19554
7.040213
1997-07-01
194
1997PASP..109..745B
[ "LSB galaxies", "galaxy formation", "galaxies", "galaxy evolution", "faint blue galaxies", "LSB disks", "red LSB disks", "LSB", "high surface brightness", "central surface brightness" ]
[ "GALAXIES: PECULIAR", "INVITED REVIEW PAPER" ]
7
[ "10.1086/133941" ]
[ "Bothun, G.", "Impey, C.", "McGaugh, S." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1997PASP..109..937H", "1998A&A...335..421D", "1998AJ....116...68C", "1998AJ....116..657O", "1998AJ....116.2776O", "1998ApJ...493L...5D", "1998ApJ...495..637L", "1998ApJ...499..677C", "1998ApJ...500L.115R", "1998ApJ...503...48B", "1998ApJ...503..518F", "1998ApJ...506..673L", "1998astro.ph..4121C", "1998astro.ph.10301B", "1999A&A...345..712L", "1999A&A...351..903B", "1999A&AS..139...97K", "1999AJ....117..194B", "1999ASPC..170....3F", "1999ASPC..170....9D", "1999ASPC..170...76F", "1999ASPC..170...92V", "1999ASPC..170..145O", "1999ASPC..170..177B", "1999ASPC..170..237S", "1999ASPC..182..373D", "1999Ap&SS.265..417C", "1999Ap&SS.269..101D", "1999Ap&SS.269..323A", "1999ApJ...515...89M", "1999ApJ...522..661J", "1999AstL...25....1K", "1999AstL...25..318K", "1999AstL...25..322S", "1999AstL...25..582E", "1999MNRAS.304..465M", "1999PASA...16...66D", "2000A&A...357..397V", "2000A&A...358..494B", "2000A&ARv..10....1K", "2000AJ....120.1764M", "2000ASPC..197..145M", "2000ApJ...529..644L", "2000ApJ...529..811O", "2000ApJ...543..704D", "2000AstL...26..219B", "2000MNRAS.318..163M", "2000eaa..bookE2620D", "2001AIPC..586..593H", "2001AJ....122.2318B", "2001AJ....122.2341I", "2001AJ....122.2381M", "2001AJ....122.2396D", "2001ASPC..232..153A", "2001ApJ...548..150M", "2001ApJ...555..289N", "2001ApJ...556..177G", "2001ApJ...559..754M", "2001MNRAS.326..543G", "2001PABei..19S..84M", "2001PhyU...44..818K", "2001astro.ph..7366D", "2002AJ....123.2387C", "2002AJ....124...78C", "2002AJ....124.1360G", "2002ASPC..254....1I", "2002ApJ...569..144A", "2002MNRAS.334..721G", "2003ApJ...590L..17K", "2003MNRAS.343..653B", "2003MNRAS.344.1131D", "2004A&A...422L...5R", "2004A&A...428..823O", "2004AJ....127..704K", "2004AJ....127.2031K", "2004ApJ...600..613S", "2004ApJ...604...18W", "2004ApJ...609..617F", "2004ApJ...613..914H", "2004MNRAS.353..113L", "2004MNRAS.353..829M", "2005A&A...442...85S", "2005AIPC..761..405G", "2005AJ....129.1849M", "2005ASPC..331..253M", "2005ApJ...635..827H", "2005astro.ph..2231B", "2006A&A...458..341T", "2006ApJ...652.1068R", "2006ApJS..165..307M", "2006MNRAS.371.1259T", "2006astro.ph..9311W", "2006vopc.conf..285P", "2007AJ....133.1085B", "2007ASSP....3..347M", "2007ApJ...663..895H", "2007ApJ...663..908R", "2007MNRAS.379...11D", "2007RPPh...70.1177C", "2007RPPh...70.1715C", "2008A&A...490..589C", "2008ApJ...681..244B", "2008MNRAS.383.1223M", "2008MNRAS.391..986Z", "2009A&A...502..733D", "2009A&A...504..807R", "2009ApJ...692..694G", "2009ApJ...698.2093D", "2009MNRAS.393..478H", "2009PatRe..42.2470P", "2010A&A...516A..11L", "2010AdAst2010E...5D", "2010ApJ...710L.161K", "2010IAUS..262..213L", "2010MNRAS.407.1674P", "2010MNRAS.409..213L", "2010RAA....10.1223G", "2011A&A...528A..36U", "2011ARep...55..202A", "2011ARep...55..409S", "2011ApJ...741L..29K", "2012ApJ...761..186M", "2012MNRAS.423..962M", "2012Msngr.149...28M", "2013AJ....145...36V", "2013ApJ...762...82M", "2013MSAIS..25...29M", "2013arXiv1307.7469K", "2014AJ....147..132J", "2014MNRAS.437.3072K", "2014MNRAS.439..929G", "2014MNRAS.444..185M", "2015AJ....149..199D", "2015ApJ...798L..45V", "2015ApJ...809L..21M", "2015ApJ...815L..29G", "2015MNRAS.446.4291L", "2015MNRAS.452..937Y", "2016AJ....151...96M", "2016ApJ...822L..31P", "2016IAUS..312...31S", "2016MNRAS.455.3148S", "2016MNRAS.456..943G", "2016MNRAS.463.1751C", "2016arXiv160302590D", "2017ApJ...837..152D", "2017ApJ...851...22M", "2017SHPMP..57...41M", "2018ApJ...857..104G", "2018MNRAS.476.2938P", "2018MNRAS.478.4657P", "2018arXiv180700879G", "2019A&A...628A..58S", "2019ApJ...885...87M", "2019ApJS..242...11L", "2019MNRAS.483.1754D", "2019MNRAS.484..850P", "2019MNRAS.486.2535D", "2019arXiv191004298P", "2020AJ....159..138D", "2020ApJ...898..106H", "2020MNRAS.497.4282C", "2020arXiv200301760W", "2020arXiv200503520D", "2021ApJ...909...19G", "2021ApJ...919L...1B", "2021ApJS..252...18T", "2021MNRAS.502.4262J", "2021RAA....21...76C", "2021Univ....7..344S", "2022A&A...667A..76J", "2022JPCPP...3...43P", "2022MNRAS.509.4071A", "2022MNRAS.513.3972Y", "2022MNRAS.514.5126N", "2022NatAs...6..911B", "2023A&A...676A..41J", "2023ApJ...959..105D", "2023EPJC...83..411P", "2023JCAP...09..031N", "2023MNRAS.525.3016M", "2023MNRAS.526...29A", "2023arXiv230813580A", "2023arXiv230908930S", "2023arXiv231008925N", "2023arXiv231200773B", "2024A&A...682A...4T", "2024MNRAS.528..873S", "2024MNRAS.530..812T", "2024RAA....24e5015D", "2024arXiv240316522M", "2024arXiv240316754H", "2024arXiv240613732K", "2024arXiv240702916N" ]
[ "1922ApJ....56..162H", "1957moas.book.....Z", "1959PDDO....2..147V", "1961hag..book.....S", "1964ApJ...139..284F", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1972ApJ...176L...9Q", "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1976ApJ...206..883V", "1976Natur.263..573D", "1977ApJ...217..406K", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1980ApJ...242..903B", "1981ApJS...46..177B", "1981PhDT........91B", "1982ApJ...263...94R", "1983MNRAS.205.1253D", "1984AJ.....89...64B", "1984PASP...96..283E", "1985AJ.....90.1681B", "1985AJ.....90.1759S", "1985AJ.....90.2487B", "1986ApJ...308..510B", "1987AJ.....94...23B", "1987AJ.....94.1126C", "1987ApJ...322L..59S", "1987MNRAS.229..505P", "1988AJ.....95.1389S", "1988ApJ...330..634I", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1989AJ.....98.1542B", "1989ApJ...341...89I", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1990AJ....100.1523S", "1990MNRAS.244....8D", "1990MNRAS.244..408C", "1991ARA&A..29..581Y", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1991ApJ...376...51W", "1991ApJ...376..404B", "1991ApJ...380L..47E", "1991ApJ...382L..69F", "1992AJ....103.1107S", "1992AJ....104..144W", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992ApJ...395..347B", "1992ApJ...395L..45O", "1992PhDT.........7M", "1993AJ....106..530B", "1993AJ....106..548V", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993ApJ...415L..87D", "1993Natur.366..429W", "1993PhDT.........2K", "1994A&AS..106..451D", "1994AJ....107..530M", "1994AJ....108..437M", "1994ApJ...426..135M", "1994MNRAS.266..155D", "1994MNRAS.267..129M", "1994MNRAS.268..393D", "1994PhDT........53S", "1995AJ....109..558S", "1995AJ....110..573M", "1995ApJ...438...72S", "1995ApJ...440..470F", "1995ApJ...451L...1S", "1995ApJ...455..108L", "1995MNRAS.273..157G", "1995MNRAS.274..832P", "1995MNRAS.275..121S", "1995PhDT.........1D", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1995sglc.book.....D", "1996A&A...313...45D", "1996AJ....112..431O", "1996ApJ...458..100B", "1996ApJ...464...60L", "1996ApJ...466L...5D", "1996ApJ...469..494E", "1996ApJ...469L..89D", "1996ApJ...471L..19B", "1996ApJ...472..327B", "1996ApJ...472L..13O", "1996ApJS..105..209I", "1996MNRAS.280..337M", "1996MNRAS.283...18D", "1997ApJ...475...29P", "1997ApJ...477..118Z", "1997ApJ...478...39Z", "1997ApJ...482..104S", "1997MNRAS.284..915W", "1997PhDT.........2O", "1997PhDT........13D" ]
2025290
null
Stellar Populations of the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy WLM
We have obtained V-band photometry for 8000 stars, and I-band photometry for 16000 stars in the field of the dwarf irregular galaxy WLM, a member of the Local Group. From the VI color-magnitude diagram we infer metallicities and ages for the stellar populations in the main body and in the halo of WLM. The youngest stars in the galaxy have an age of ~ 10(7) Gyr. For the oldest stars we derive an age of &gt; 10(10) Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.45 +/- 0.2. We construct a deep luminosity function, obtaining an accurate distance modulus m-M = 24.75 +/- 0.1 for this galaxy based on the I-magnitude of the RGB tip and adopting E(V-I) = 0.03. We establish the presence of an extended, slightly flattened halo consisting of population II stars. Cluster D of Ables &amp; Ables (1977) is confirmed as the only globular cluster present in the main body of this galaxy. There are no other clusters brighter than I = 19.5. The B-V color gradient observed by Ables &amp; Ables (1977) is shown to be caused by a stellar-population transition, and not a metallicity gradient or dust extinction.
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10.312262
8.363085
1997-07-01
68
1997AJ....114..147M
[ "Ables", "ages", "Cluster D", "magnitude", "amp", "WLM", "Gyr", "the dwarf irregular galaxy", "the only globular cluster present", "population II stars" ]
[ "None" ]
1
[ "10.1086/118461" ]
[ "Minniti, Dante", "Zijlstra, Albert A." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1999AJ....117..881M", "1999AJ....117.1743Z", "1999AJ....118.1657C", "1999ApJ...521..577H", "1999IAUS..192...17G", "2000AJ....119..177A", "2000AJ....120..801R", "2000ASPC..221..133G", "2000ApJ...531..804D", "2000ApJ...542..137H", "2000astro.ph..7239G", "2002A&A...384..393M", "2002A&A...386..869M", "2002AJ....123..832L", "2002AJ....123.1454B", "2002AJ....123.3154D", "2002IAUS..207...94G", "2003A&A...407...51M", "2003A&A...410..795D", "2003AJ....125..146L", "2003AJ....125.1247H", "2003AJ....125.3097W", "2003AJ....126.1326V", "2003AJ....126.2806C", "2003ApJ...596..253S", "2004A&A...416..111B", "2004AJ....128.2170H", "2004ApJ...608...42S", "2004MNRAS.351..333B", "2005A&A...431..555C", "2005A&A...434..657B", "2005AIPC..783...37S", "2005ARep...49..501T", "2005ApJ...620..223L", "2005ApJ...622..217W", "2005MNRAS.356..979M", "2005MNRAS.361..517M", "2006A&A...447..473B", "2006ApJ...647..970L", "2006ApJ...648.1007B", "2006ApJS..162...49H", "2007A&A...466..501V", "2007AJ....133.2242K", "2007AJ....133.2393M", "2007AJ....134..594P", "2007ApJ...656..818J", "2008ARep...52...19T", "2008ApJ...683..611G", "2008ApJ...684..118U", "2009A&A...506.1137C", "2009ApJ...699....1L", "2009MNRAS.395.1455S", "2011A&A...531A.134T", "2011AJ....141..194G", "2011AJ....142..103B", "2011ApJ...741L...8T", "2012ApJ...750...33L", "2012ApJ...757....9E", "2012PASJ...64...23K", "2014MNRAS.438.1208K", "2014PhDT.......307T", "2015MNRAS.449.1545B", "2018A&A...612A..35G", "2018AJ....156..109M", "2019MNRAS.490.5538A", "2020ApJ...899...67F", "2021ApJ...907..112L", "2022MNRAS.515..302R" ]
[ "1909AN....183..187W", "1956AJ.....61...97H", "1962ApJ...136..748E", "1967ApJ...150....9R", "1977A&A....60..263W", "1977ApJS...34..245A", "1977MNRAS.181...59L", "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1980PASJ...32..581M", "1981A&A...102..134H", "1981AJ.....86..185J", "1981ApJ...243..744R", "1983ApJ...272..488F", "1984A&A...137..343R", "1984ARA&A..22...37G", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985AJ.....90.1464S", "1985ApJ...288..618R", "1985ApJS...59...63R", "1985PASP...97..120R", "1986ApJ...300..613B", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1986ApJ...305..591M", "1986ApJ...305..634C", "1986MNRAS.218P..25R", "1987ARA&A..25..345F", "1987ASIC..207..375F", "1987PASP...99..191S", "1988AJ.....96....1T", "1989ARA&A..27..139H", "1989ApJ...345..108P", "1989ApJ...347..875S", "1989MNRAS.240..563S", "1989MNRAS.241..433F", "1990AJ....100..162D", "1991ApJ...373...80C", "1991ApJ...379..157B", "1991ApJ...382L..15B", "1992AJ....103..447S", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ARA&A..30...51B", "1992IAUS..149..325R", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1993AJ....106..507L", "1993ApJ...408..409L", "1993ApJ...415L..87D", "1993ApJ...417..553L", "1993MNRAS.264..865D", "1993Msngr..71...53S", "1994A&A...291..743H", "1994A&AS..106..275B", "1994AAS...185.5103M", "1994AJ....107.1328V", "1994AJ....107.1730P", "1994ARA&A..32..115R", "1994ApJ...425L...9G", "1994ApJS...94...63B", "1994ESOC...49..309M", "1994ESOC...49..465T", "1994ESOC...51..101D", "1994PASP..106.1225G", "1995A&AS..112..383B", "1995AJ....109..173M", "1995AJ....109.1645M", "1995AJ....109.2480B", "1995ApJ...449...52P", "1995ApJ...449L..23D", "1995ApJ...451..176H", "1995ApJS...99..427T", "1995Msngr..81...23Z", "1995PhDT.......101T", "1995svlt.confP..45Z", "1996A&A...306..715M", "1996A&A...307L..13C", "1996A&A...308..723I", "1996AJ....111.1575W", "1996AJ....112..655M", "1996AJ....112.1487H", "1996AJ....112.1928G", "1996ARA&A..34..511O", "1996ApJ...459..175M", "1996ApJ...459..555W", "1996ApJ...467L..13M" ]
2025283
null
Close Galaxy pairs in Medium Density Regions: The Northern Sky
We present HI synthesis and optical CCD data for pairs of spiral galaxies chosen in an objective manner from the CfA redshift catalog. This is a simple extension to higher velocity differences and higher background galaxy density (i.e. to densities comparable to that of loose groups, called `medium' density here) of an earlier study on field galaxy pairs (Chengalur, Salpeter &amp; Terzian 1994). The extension to higher background density has a dramatic effect on the pair kinematics, with the median velocity difference for pairs in medium density regions being ~ 100 \kms, as compared to the median velocity difference of ~ 30 \kms seen in the low density pairs of CST94. Despite this increase in median velocity difference, many of the pairs in the medium density region show extensive tidal disturbances, including large ( ~ 100 kpc) HI tails, common HI envelopes etc. We also find a number of smaller (typically uncataloged and also gas rich) companion galaxies around the main galaxy pair. Although the sample is small, there appears to be systematically more gas rich companions found around pairs in medium density regions (five out of eight pairs) as compared to pairs in low density regions (two out of eight). In a forthcoming paper we will present data for 15 pairs of galaxies, chiefly from the southern sky and analysis of the properties of the complete galaxy pair sample.
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11.844897
7.027307
1997-07-01
51
1997AJ....114...77N
[ "galaxy density", "field galaxy pairs", "medium density regions", "low density regions", "higher background density", "pairs", "densities", "median velocity difference", "spiral galaxies", "higher velocity differences" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1086/118454" ]
[ "Nordgren, Tyler E.", "Chengalur, Jayaram N.", "Salpeter, E. E.", "Terzian, Yervant" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1997AJ....114..913N", "1998ApJS..115...43N", "1998PASP..110..223T", "1999AJ....117..811H", "1999AJ....118..162H", "1999AJ....118..549D", "1999AJ....118.1577K", "1999ApJ...510..669S", "1999ApJ...522..199H", "1999IAUS..193..743H", "1999astro.ph..9140R", "2000A&A...354L..21C", "2000AJ....119...79C", "2000AJ....119.1130H", "2000ASPC..197..309G", "2000ApJ...529..853R", "2000ApJ...544..176N", "2001AJ....122.1194P", "2002A&A...387..821G", "2002A&A...391..857H", "2002AJ....123..702K", "2002AJ....124..100D", "2002ApJS..143..113W", "2003A&A...411L.469B", "2003AJ....126.2171G", "2004A&A...425..813B", "2004AJ....127..736H", "2004AN....325..359P", "2005MNRAS.356.1177R", "2005MNRAS.357..109J", "2006A&A...454..759P", "2006AJ....131..701L", "2007ApJ...671..310G", "2010MNRAS.402.1397P", "2010MNRAS.405..735R", "2012ApJ...744....2A", "2012ApJS..199...26H", "2012MNRAS.425L..46A", "2014ApJ...795..109J", "2014IAUS..304..411H", "2014arXiv1412.4739R", "2015MNRAS.451.4397H", "2016AJ....151...30W", "2016ASPC..505..196Y", "2016JApA...37....1Y", "2016MNRAS.461.3001T", "2016MNRAS.462...92J", "2017A&A...597A.105F", "2018ApJ...852..125R", "2021MNRAS.505.2009G", "2023MNRAS.519..318K" ]
[ "1952ApJ...116...63P", "1979ApJ...232...20P", "1983ApJS...52...89H", "1986AJ.....92..742S", "1988ApJ...327..544D", "1990ApJ...354..418S", "1991ApJ...375..517C", "1993ApJ...419...30C", "1994AJ....107.1984C", "1994PhDT........33C", "1995AJ....110..167C", "1995ApJ...449..497B" ]
2049264
null
A dark cluster of galaxies at redshift z = 1
The abundance of metals in the hot, gaseous X-ray haloes of galaxy clusters depends crucially on the evolution of the constituent galaxies and their associated stellar populations. The metal abundances in X-ray clusters at high redshifts should therefore provide important insights into the nature and epoch of galaxyformation. Here we report the detection of an extended X-ray source in the direction of the lensed quasi-stellar object MG2016+112 (refs 1, 2). Although deep optical searches have failed to reveal a galaxy cluster at the lens position,, the X-ray emission is consistent with thermal bremsstrahlung radiation from a hot metal-rich, diffuse gaseous halo, as observed in nearby galaxy clusters. This is the most distant galaxy cluster discovered in X-rays so far. Furthermore, the mass of the cluster derived from this emission is consistent with that implied by lensing models of the system. Given that the cluster apparently comprises few galaxies, yet contains a large amount of iron, a new type of astronomical object is implied by our results. A revision of theoretical models of the metal enrichment process in galaxy clusters may therefore be required.
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13.283256
4.981601
1997-07-01
72
1997Natur.388..146H
[ "X-ray clusters", "galaxy clusters", "nearby galaxy clusters", "few galaxies", "rays", "-", "the X-ray emission", "an extended X-ray source", "astronomical object", "metals" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1038/40572" ]
[ "Hattori, M.", "Ikebe, Y.", "Asaoka, I.", "Takeshima, T.", "Böhringer, H.", "Mihara, T.", "Neumann, D. M.", "Schindler, S.", "Tsuru, T.", "Tamura#, T." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1997AcC....23..255D", "1997Natur.388..126M", "1997astro.ph.11156H", "1997astro.ph.11353T", "1998A&A...329...21S", "1998A&A...329..827K", "1998A&A...336...44P", "1998A&A...337....1V", "1998A&A...339L..65K", "1998A&A...340L..27H", "1998AJ....115...37C", "1998AN....319...73I", "1998ASPC..146..275C", "1998ApJ...492L.125S", "1998ApJ...498...60P", "1998ApJ...502..558V", "1998ApJ...508..621H", "1998ApJ...509..579T", "1998IAUS..188...65T", "1998MNRAS.298.1189S", "1998MNRAS.299..488T", "1998PASP..110..223T", "1998lsst.conf..297K", "1999A&A...343..420S", "1999A&A...349..435S", "1999AN....320..293M", "1999AN....320..294N", "1999ARA&A..37..127M", "1999ASPC..156...64A", "1999ASPC..193..323M", "1999ApJ...514...25C", "1999ApJ...514..133M", "1999ApJ...515..542B", "1999ApJ...527...31B", "1999ApJ...527..525D", "1999NuPhS..69..573C", "1999PASP..111..385T", "1999PThPS.133....1H", "1999astro.ph..6295D", "1999astro.ph..8089Y", "2000A&A...353..498D", "2000AJ....120.2148G", "2000ApJ...528..123T", "2000ApJ...544L..35K", "2000ApJS..126..209R", "2000BASI...28..381N", "2000MNRAS.315..669F", "2000MNRAS.318..227K", "2000PASJ...52..153M", "2000PASJ...52..409S", "2001A&A...367...51Y", "2001A&A...367..741S", "2001A&A...369...16C", "2001ASPC..237..333O", "2001ApJ...549...28S", "2001ApJ...550L.163C", "2002A&A...389....1A", "2002AJ....123.1807G", "2002ApJ...568L...5K", "2002ApJ...579..148C", "2002IAUS..187..129H", "2002IAUS..199..110N", "2002MNRAS.334...39K", "2002astro.ph..5335T", "2003ApJ...599....7O", "2003MNRAS.344..337T", "2003PhDT.........2G", "2004A&A...428..757O", "2004PhDT.........1O", "2007AJ....133.2209D", "2019A&A...630A.108S", "2021ApJ...917...26S" ]
[ "1977ApJS...35..419R", "1984PhST....7..209T", "1984Sci...223...46L", "1985ApJ...294...66S", "1986AJ.....91..991S", "1986RvMP...58....1S", "1987ApJ...315..434N", "1989GeCoA..53..197A", "1990ARA&A..28..215D", "1991AJ....102.1253L", "1992A&A...254...49A", "1992A&A...259L..31B", "1992ApJ...389..157W", "1993ApJ...406L..55H", "1993ApJ...412..479D", "1994ApJS...94..583G", "1994PASJ...46L..37T", "1995A&A...299...19L", "1995ApJ...445L..77L", "1995MNRAS.277.1006E", "1996ApJ...468...79D", "1996uxsa.conf..375T" ]
2048511
null
A model of the far-infrared emission from the Galaxy
The warm dust (&lt;25K) that lies in the plane of the Galaxy (scaleheight of about 0.13 kpc) was detected by IRAS and is preferentially associated with star formation regions. In this paper we describe a model of the diffuse far-infared emission from cool dust within the Galaxy. We identify a more diffuse, cool (18-22K) dust component (scaleheight of about 0.5 kpc) that has been detected by the DIRBE (at 140 and 240 μm) on the COBE satellite. This dust may be supported above the Galactic plane by radiation pressure. We show that the excess emission cannot be accounted for by the far-infrared background (upper limits of 1.0 and 0.5 MJ sr^-1 at 140 and 240mum respectively) or by the zodiacal light. The total luminosity of this cool component is ~7x10^9Lsolar, and it has a mass of ~3x10^7Msolar. We calculate extinction values for the cool component of A_v~27 mag towards the Galactic Centre, and A_v~0.3 mag at the poles.
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12.620774
8.3092
1997-07-01
38
1997MNRAS.288..679D
[ "cool dust", "upper limits", "star formation regions", "Galactic", "scaleheight", "the cool component", "this cool component", "extinction values", "Galaxy", "radiation pressure" ]
[ "DUST", "EXTINCTION", "GALAXY: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: ISM", "DIFFUSE RADIATION", "INFRARED: ISM: CONTINUUM." ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/288.3.679" ]
[ "Davies, J. I.", "Trewhella, M.", "Jones, H.", "Lisk, C.", "Madden, A.", "Moss, J." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB" ]
[ "1997MNRAS.291...59D", "1998ApJ...507L.125A", "1998ApJ...508...74A", "1998MNRAS.297..807T", "1998MNRAS.299..567K", "1998MNRAS.300.1006D", "1999A&A...344..868X", "1999ASPC..168..193W", "1999ApJS..123..437F", "1999ESASP.427..993X", "1999MNRAS.304..495D", "1999PhDT........19B", "2000A&A...359...65B", "2000A&AS..145...83A", "2000ApJ...543..153T", "2000ESASP.455..149B", "2001Ap&SS.276..531K", "2001ApJ...556..181D", "2001MNRAS.323..130C", "2001NewAR..45..641W", "2002ApJ...574..709M", "2003A&A...409..205D", "2003MNRAS.341.1239S", "2004A&A...425..109A", "2004ASPC..309..771B", "2005AIPC..761....3K", "2006A&A...459..113M", "2008arXiv0809.4945N", "2009ApJ...690.1648N", "2010MNRAS.409..102D", "2011ASPC..449..202N", "2012A&A...545A..39R", "2014A&A...571A..66G", "2017ApJ...835..111G", "2017MNRAS.470.2539P", "2018ARA&A..56..673G", "2020ApJ...905L..20R", "2021A&A...652A..83L" ]
[ "1972MNRAS.159..361C", "1980ApJS...44...73B", "1983QJRAS..24..267H", "1984ApJ...285...89D", "1986A&A...155..380C", "1986ApJ...301..380L", "1987ARA&A..25..521B", "1987ApJ...322..101S", "1987Natur.327..214G", "1988duun.conf..513F", "1989A&ARv...1...49C", "1989MNRAS.239..939D", "1990MNRAS.246..678E", "1991AIPC..222..161H", "1991ApJ...366..443F", "1992ApJS...79...77S", "1993MNRAS.260..491D", "1993PhDT........37E", "1994AJ....108.2102S", "1994ApJ...428..638S", "1994ApJ...432..114B", "1994PhDT.......234H", "1995A&A...300L...1P", "1995ApJ...451..188R", "1995MNRAS.273..699D", "1995Natur.375..469W", "1995PhDT.......129D", "1995osd..conf....1D", "1995osd..conf...55K", "1995osd..conf..143D", "1995osd..conf..269D", "1996MNRAS.283..316J" ]
2026751
null
The High-Redshift Radio Galaxy MRC 0406-244
We present HST and ground-based multiwavelength observations of the distant radio galaxy MRC 0406-244. Ground-based visible and near-IR images reveal two distinct components that are aligned with the radio source axis. One of these has the red optical-to-IR and blue UV colors characteristic of radio galaxies, while the other is red in all colors. A Lyα image reveals a nebula that is 3" × 5" in extent and is aligned with the radio source. The HST images reveal a spatially resolved continuum associated with the southeastern component that is aligned with the radio axis and which has a complex morphology, including a double nucleus and taillike features suggestive of a tidal origin. <P />By comparing the luminosities of discrete knots in the extended continuum to the luminosity of radio quasars from the MRC/1 Jy survey, we make a quantitative assessment of the optical depth required for scattering models for the alignment effect. The required optical depth is difficult to produce from Thomson scattering by electrons associated with the emission-line nebulae, although our inferred τ<SUB>T</SUB> is within an order of magnitude of the required value. A putative intercloud medium with densities n<SUB>e</SUB> &lt; 1 cm<SUP>-3</SUP> fails to produce the required Thomson depth by an order of magnitude or more. The required optical depth for dust necessitates a dust-to-gas ratio comparable to the Galactic value. <P />The spectral energy distribution of the extended continuum to the northwest of the nucleus is nearly flat in f<SUB>ν</SUB> units and is only marginally consistent with a Thomson scattering origin. We detect an extension to the J, H, and K<SUB>sh</SUB> images to the southeast along the radio axis. We believe that this is primarily line emission, the implied Lyα/Hα ratio being near unity. <P />The spectral energy distribution of the galaxy near the northwest radio lobe is better fitted by an intermediate-age population at z = 1.7 than by any plausibly aged model at z = 2.4. Thus we believe that this galaxy lies in the foreground and that there is no evidence for a large-scale infrared alignment effect in this object. <P />The morphology of the extended continuum and the emission-line kinematics in MRC 0406-244 are highly suggestive of a merger. The spectral energy distributions of the extended continuum and the difficulty in producing the required Thomson depth lead us to favor scattering by dust in tidal features as the origin of the aligned continuum in this source.
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14.505301
6.448751
1997-07-01
23
1997ApJ...484..163R
[ "radio galaxies", "radio quasars", "line emission", "spectral energy distribution", "Thomson", "images", "dust necessitates", "galaxy", "tidal features", "the required Thomson depth" ]
[ "Galaxies: Evolution", "Galaxies: Individual: Alphanumeric: MRC 0406-244", "Galaxies: Photometry", "Galaxies: Structure", "Radio Continuum: Galaxies" ]
0
[ "10.1086/304307" ]
[ "Rush, Brian", "McCarthy, Patrick J.", "Athreya, Ramana M.", "Persson, S. E." ]
[ "Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101-1292 ,", "Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101-1292 ,", "National Center for Radio Astronomy (TIFR), P.O. Bag 3, Pune University Campus, Pune: 411 007. India;", "Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101-1292" ]
[ "1997ApJS..112..415M", "1997astro.ph.12151B", "1998ASPC..146...76M", "1998ApJ...504..139P", "1998ApJ...507..161D", "1999AIPC..470..191B", "1999ASPC..187..293B", "1999IAUS..186..321M", "2000PASJ...52...33M", "2000RSPTA.358.2063S", "2001ApJ...559L...9T", "2003ApJ...598..178I", "2004AJ....127.1313O", "2004AJ....128.2660B", "2004IAUS..217..344O", "2005A&A...433...87O", "2008A&A...491..407N", "2009MNRAS.399L..34H", "2013MNRAS.436.2244H", "2016A&A...593A.109D", "2016arXiv161105739M", "2017MNRAS.465.2698M", "2018MNRAS.481.1401S" ]
[ "1975gaun.book..211M", "1976ApJ...208...64L", "1976PASP...88..543T", "1978MNRAS.185P...5S", "1979PASP...91...35W", "1982AJ.....87.1029E", "1982AJ.....87.1429C", "1983AJ.....88..439L", "1983ApJ...264..105F", "1985ApJ...297..621A", "1987ApJ...321L..29M", "1987MNRAS.225....1A", "1987MNRAS.227...97R", "1987Natur.329..604C", "1987slrs.work..104S", "1988ASIC..229..315F", "1988ApJ...333..161L", "1988Natur.331..147G", "1988cfcg.work..315F", "1989AJ.....97..647P", "1989AJ.....98.1232P", "1989ApJ...336..606B", "1989ApJ...342L..59D", "1989ApJ...345L..21B", "1989MNRAS.238P..41F", "1989MNRAS.239..219C", "1989MNRAS.239P...1R", "1989Natur.341..307D", "1989agna.book.....O", "1989blo..conf...79T", "1989eag..work..169F", "1990AJ.....99.1700K", "1990AJ....100.1014M", "1990ApJ...348L...1C", "1990ApJ...354L...9C", "1990ApJ...355..416D", "1990ApJ...363...21C", "1990ESASP.310..513F", "1990MNRAS.243P...1E", "1990MNRAS.243P...5S", "1991AJ....102..522M", "1991ApJ...371..478M", "1991ApJ...380..362W", "1991ApJ...381..373H", "1991MNRAS.250..198G", "1992ApJ...385...61R", "1992ApJ...386...52M", "1992ApJ...387L..29M", "1992ApJ...397...49E", "1992ApJ...401L..69M", "1992PASP..104..204P", "1993ARA&A..31..639M", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993ApJ...411...67E", "1993MNRAS.263..936D", "1993MNRAS.264..421C", "1993PASP..105.1051M", "1994A&A...289...54V", "1994AJ....107.1303H", "1994ApJ...422..562C", "1994ApJ...426...79P", "1994ApJ...431..123D", "1994ApJ...435L...3T", "1994Natur.371..313A", "1995A&AS..114...51R", "1995ApJ...440..515D", "1995ApJ...446L..97C", "1995ApJ...452L..95B", "1995ApJ...454L.111J", "1995MNRAS.273L..29D", "1995MNRAS.275.1171B", "1995MNRAS.275L..47L", "1995PhDT..........B", "1995PhDT........89B", "1996A&A...312..751V", "1996ApJ...457..625C", "1996ApJ...459..133D", "1996ApJ...460...68E", "1996ApJ...463L...1G", "1996ApJ...465..157D", "1996ApJ...467..191G", "1996ApJ...470..189G", "1996ApJ...471..720G", "1996ApJS..106..247C", "1996ApJS..106..281M", "1996ApJS..107...19M", "1996IAUS..173..419K", "1996MNRAS.279L..57D", "1996MNRAS.280L...9B" ]
11622988
astro-ph/9701180
The APM Galaxy Survey - V. Catalogues of galaxy clusters
We describe the construction of catalogues of galaxy clusters from the APM Galaxy survey using an automated algorithm based on Abell-like selection criteria. We investigate the effects of varying several parameters in our selection algorithm, including the magnitude range and radius from the cluster centre used to estimate the cluster richnesses. We quantify the accuracy of the photometric distance estimates by comparing them with measured redshifts, and we investigate the stability and completeness of the resulting catalogues. We find that the angular correlation functions for different cluster catalogues are in good agreement with one another, and are also consistent with the observed amplitude of the spatial correlation function of rich clusters.
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12.481212
4.808931
1997-08-01
123
1997MNRAS.289..263D
[ "different cluster catalogues", "galaxy clusters", "rich clusters", "catalogues", "measured redshifts", "several parameters", "good agreement", "APM Galaxy", "the spatial correlation function", "Abell-like selection criteria" ]
[ "CATALOGUES", "SURVEYS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
4
[ "10.1093/mnras/289.2.263", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9701180" ]
[ "Dalton, G. B.", "Maddox, S. J.", "Sutherland, W. J.", "Efstathiou, G." ]
[ "Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH", "Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH", "Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH", "Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH" ]
[ "1997MNRAS.291..305C", "1997astro.ph.11319E", "1997astro.ph.12169M", "1998A&A...339..315S", "1998ASSL..230..177M", "1998ApJ...497...32M", "1998ApJ...506..509K", "1998JKAS...31..105P", "1998PASA...15..273O", "1999ASPC..172..371K", "1999ApJ...514..148D", "1999ApJ...517...78K", "1999ApJ...519..441E", "1999ApJS..125...35S", "1999MNRAS.305..547C", "1999MNRAS.307L..17C", "1999MNRAS.308..618A", "1999NewA....4..557G", "2000AJ....120...23H", "2000AJ....120.2148G", "2000ApJ...545....6B", "2000BSAO...50...39T", "2000MNRAS.316..779B", "2000NuPhS..80C0906G", "2000cucg.confE...8G", "2001A&A...369..826B", "2001A&A...377....1K", "2001A&A...379...35Z", "2001AJ....122.2222E", "2001MNRAS.320...49K", "2001MNRAS.321..515M", "2001MNRAS.321..629M", "2001MNRAS.326..147Z", "2001NewAR..45..355E", "2001astro.ph.11309G", "2001cghr.confE..17P", "2002AJ....123...51E", "2002AJ....123.1200C", "2002ARA&A..40..539R", "2002ASPC..268...81P", "2002ASSL..276..299P", "2002Ap.....45...88T", "2002ApJ...572L..67P", "2002ApJ...573....7E", "2002ApJS..140..239C", "2002JKAS...35..111L", "2002LNP...592..147P", "2002MNRAS.329...87D", "2002MNRAS.329..431P", "2002MNRAS.329L..47P", "2002MNRAS.334..673L", "2003A&A...401..851E", "2003A&A...405..425E", "2003AJ....125.2064G", "2003AJ....125.2927N", "2003ApJ...585..205B", "2003ApJ...591..741F", "2003MNRAS.342..467M", "2003MNRAS.342..519P", "2003MNRAS.342..532P", "2003MNRAS.342..725D", "2003RMxAC..17...33P", "2004A&A...425..367B", "2004AJ....128.1017L", "2004ApJ...613L..89H", "2004MNRAS.347..403H", "2004MNRAS.348..866E", "2004MNRAS.349..425B", "2004MNRAS.351..101K", "2004MNRAS.352..211P", "2004MNRAS.352..605B", "2004MNRAS.354L..61P", "2004RvMP...76.1211J", "2005A&A...439...35M", "2005A&A...444..685B", "2005AJ....130.2434L", "2005MNRAS.357L..45P", "2005MNRAS.363..661H", "2005RvMP...77..207V", "2006A&AT...25..455P", "2006AJ....131.1280F", "2006astro.ph..1195G", "2007A&A...474..707W", "2007ApJ...660..221K", "2007astro.ph..3574R", "2008ApJ...676..868D", "2008LNP...740..287B", "2008MNRAS.383..646N", "2008MNRAS.388.1152P", "2009ApJ...696.1689B", "2009ApJ...700.1686P", "2009ApJS..183..197W", "2010ApJ...722..825R", "2010MNRAS.403.1812R", "2011ApJ...727...45S", "2011BaltA..20..251F", "2011BaltA..20..313P", "2011MNRAS.415.1961F", "2012MNRAS.420.1167A", "2013ApJ...763..127R", "2013MNRAS.432..243P", "2014A&A...561A..71Z", "2014MNRAS.442.1507G", "2014MNRAS.445.4073C", "2014arXiv1403.5237B", "2015ApJS..216...27B", "2016MNRAS.460.1340M", "2017ApJ...838..109P", "2018ApJ...867...25C", "2018ApJ...869..145C", "2018MNRAS.475..343W", "2018pas7.conf..239G", "2019A&A...627A..23E", "2019A&A...627A..59E", "2019JCAP...02..005P", "2020ApJS..247...25B", "2021ARep...65.1002P", "2021JPhCS2145a2002Y", "2021PASA...38...10D", "2022A&A...663A...2C", "2022MNRAS.516..372B", "2023MNRAS.519.2630W", "2024arXiv240208453K" ]
[ "1953ApJ...117..145L", "1957AJ.....62..248S", "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1968cgcg.book.....Z", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1977AJ.....82..249S", "1978ApJ...225...40B", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1983MNRAS.204...33L", "1985ApJS...57...77S", "1986AJ.....91.1267P", "1988MNRAS.231..309S", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1988MNRAS.234..159S", "1989ASIC..264..257F", "1989ApJ...338L...5D", "1989ApJS...70....1A", "1989MNRAS.237..799C", "1989MNRAS.238..379H", "1989PhDT.......271S", "1990AJ....100..339M", "1990MNRAS.243..692M", "1990MNRAS.246..433M", "1990MNRAS.247P...1M", "1991AJ....101.1997M", "1991ASPC...15..279A", "1991MNRAS.248..159S", "1991MNRAS.249..729R", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992ApJ...390L...1D", "1992MNRAS.258....1L", "1992PhDT.......140D", "1994MNRAS.269..151D", "1994MNRAS.271L..47D", "1995MNRAS.274.1071C", "1996ApJ...470..172S", "1996MNRAS.283.1227M" ]
11623013
astro-ph/9704017
A catalogue of galaxy cluster models
We present a technique to construct a fair sample of simulated galaxy clusters, and build such a sample for a specific cosmological structure formation scenario. Conventionally one extracts such a sample from a single low-resolution large-scale simulation. Here we simulate the clusters individually at high resolution. This is made possible by the method of constrained random fields, in which one can put linear constraints on peaks in the initial smoothed density field. We assume that these peaks are the progenitors of present-day rich clusters, and select clusters for a catalogue by selecting their initial peak parameters. We find that the final cluster mass can be well approximated by a linear function of both the amplitude and the curvature of the initial density peak. Because the probability distributions of these peak parameters are known, we can construct a model catalogue selected on expected final cluster mass. Such a catalogue will not have a well-defined richness limit, because the relation between richness and mass is fairly broad. However, by applying the appropriate completeness corrections, the results for the mass-selected catalogue can be compared with observations for richness-selected cluster catalogues. Each cluster model is evolved from its constrained initial conditions by means of an N-body integrator. This includes an algorithm for galaxy formation, so we produce two-component models consisting of dark matter background particles and galaxies. The latter allow us to obtain directly the observable properties of the cluster models, and match these to the observed properties to define the present time in the models, and thus derive the amplitude of the initial density fluctuation spectrum, sigma_8. We build a model cluster catalogue for the Omega_0=1 cold dark matter (CDM) scenario that is designed to mimic the ENACS sample of rich Abell clusters. We use the distribution of richness, corrected for incompleteness, to fix the present epoch. We find sigma_8=0.4-0.5, which is consistent with other determinations. The catalogue is 70 per cent complete for a richness larger than 50, but we do have a complete subsample for richnesses larger than 75. As a first test we compare the cumulative distribution of line-of-sight velocity dispersions to those found for several observational samples, and find that they match best for sigma_8~0.4. This means that we find consistent values for sigma_8 for the CDM Omega_0=1 scenario on cluster scales.
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12.304561
4.063509
1997-08-01
15
1997MNRAS.289..327V
[ "simulated galaxy clusters", "cluster scales", "expected final cluster mass", "rich Abell clusters", "several observational samples", "a model cluster catalogue", "constrained random fields", "galaxy formation", "present-day rich clusters", "richness" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "DARK MATTER", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/289.2.327", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9704017" ]
[ "van Kampen, Eelco", "Katgert, Peter" ]
[ "Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands", "Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands" ]
[ "1998ApJ...501..539T", "1998MNRAS.297..195D", "1998MNRAS.298L...1H", "1998MNRAS.301..389V", "1998NewAR..42..145H", "1998lsst.conf..333V", "1999MNRAS.303..188K", "2000ASPC..200..168A", "2001MNRAS.325..111G", "2002MNRAS.332....7A", "2006A&A...456...23B", "2006astro.ph..7040B", "2009ApJ...705.1433H", "2012arXiv1202.1277G", "2014EPJWC..7000047G" ]
[ "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1969ApJ...158L.139S", "1970Ap......6..320D", "1974A&A....32..197P", "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1977ApJS...34..381L", "1981grf..book.....A", "1982A&A...107..338B", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983MNRAS.204...33L", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1985ApJS...57..241E", "1985MNRAS.217..805P", "1986ApJ...300..557B", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986ApJ...305..651C", "1986Natur.324..446B", "1986RvMP...58....1S", "1987ApJ...323L.103B", "1988ApJ...327..507F", "1989ApJ...341L..71E", "1989ApJS...70....1A", "1990ApJ...351...10F", "1990ApJ...365...27P", "1990ApJS...74....1Z", "1990clga.conf..257F", "1990eaun.book.....K", "1990peu..conf..361E", "1991A&AS...91..513R", "1991ApJ...380L...5H", "1991ComPh...5..164B", "1991MNRAS.250..340M", "1992ApJ...390L...1D", "1992ApJ...396..395S", "1992ApJ...399L.109K", "1992ApJ...399L.113C", "1992Natur.356..489D", "1992scma.conf..111B", "1993ARA&A..31..689O", "1993ApJ...404...38G", "1993ApJ...418..544V", "1993ApJ...419L...9E", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1993NYASA.688..297B", "1993ppc..book.....P", "1994A&ARv...5..239F", "1994ApJ...425L..59V", "1994ApJ...431..486B", "1994ApJ...433..468C", "1994PhDT........56V", "1995ApJ...441L...9B", "1995MNRAS.273...30D", "1995MNRAS.273..295V", "1995MNRAS.274.1071C", "1995PhDT.......133D", "1996A&A...310....8K", "1996A&A...310...31M", "1996MNRAS.279..349D", "1996MNRAS.281...84V", "1996MNRAS.281..799E", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1997ASPC..123..231V", "1997MNRAS.287..817V" ]
11614960
astro-ph/9711136
An SPH code for galaxy formation problems. Presentation of the code.
We present and test a code for two-fluid simulations of galaxy formation, one of the fluids being collision-less. The hydrodynamical evolution is solved through the SPH method while gravitational forces are calculated using a tree method. The code is Lagrangian, and fully adaptive both in space and time. A significant fraction gas in simulations of hierarchical galaxy formation ends up in tight clumps where it is, in terms of computational effort, very expensive to integrate the SPH equations. Furthermore, this is a computational waste since these tight gas clumps are typically not gravitationally resolved. We solve this by merging gas particles in these regions, thereby limiting the SPH resolution to the gravitational force resolution, and further speeding up the simulation through the reduction in the number of particles.
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9.888251
5.781033
1997-08-01
12
1997A&A...324..534H
[ "hierarchical galaxy formation", "galaxy formation", "gas particles", "gravitational forces", "tight clumps", "simulations", "SPH", "computational effort", "particles", "these tight gas clumps" ]
[ "HYDRODYNAMICS", "NUMERICAL METHODS", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9711136" ]
[ "Hultman, J.", "Kaellander, D." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1997astro.ph.11138H", "1998A&A...333..399K", "1999A&A...347..769H", "2000A&AS..142..157V", "2000MNRAS.312..859S", "2000MNRAS.319..619T", "2001NewA....6...79S", "2002MNRAS.333..649S", "2003MNRAS.345..429O", "2004ApJ...607....1W", "2004JOM....56c..67C", "2009ApJS..184..298W" ]
[ "1966AJ.....71...64K", "1977AJ.....82.1013L", "1977MNRAS.181..375G", "1983JCoPh..52..374M", "1985A&A...149..135M", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986Natur.324..446B", "1987A&A...176..235A", "1987ApJS...64..715H", "1987PhDT........90T", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988MNRAS.231..515M", "1988MNRAS.235..911E", "1989ApJS...70..419H", "1990ApJ...349..562H", "1990JCoPh..87..148M", "1991ApJ...377..365K", "1992ARA&A..30..543M", "1992ApJ...398..519S", "1992nrfa.book.....P", "1993A&A...268..391S", "1993ApJ...404...73H", "1993ApJS...88..253S", "1993MNRAS.265..271N", "1993MNRAS.265..905N", "1994MNRAS.270....1N", "1995A&A...301..929W", "1996ApJ...461..884S", "1996MNRAS.278.1005S", "1997ApJ...478...13N" ]
2048887
null
Radio-excess infrared galaxies: a new population of active galaxies?
We present a sample of active galaxy candidates, found by comparing the IRAS catalogue with the Parkes-MIT-NRAO southern 6.3-cm radio survey. We select galaxies that depart from the radio versus far-infrared (FIR) relation displayed by normal galaxies, to produce a sample of 12 candidate radio-excess, gas-rich, active galaxies. Such objects have been discussed recently with the aim of understanding how they relate to more familiar types of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Do they represent a different evolutionary stage of radio-quiet AGN, or are they a familiar type of AGN but in an unusual environment, perhaps dust-enshrouded quasars or their progenitors? The pilot sample presented here is intended to find a usefully large number of radio-excess AGN suitable for further study, and to test the efficiency of the selection criteria. We give radio and FIR data for the sample, along with optical identifications, spectroscopic classifications, and redshifts from the literature. These data reveal some unusual and interesting objects, despite the relatively small area covered by this initial survey.
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14.933242
6.446512
1997-08-01
34
1997MNRAS.289..824R
[ "active galaxy candidates", "normal galaxies", "active galactic nuclei", "galaxies", "Such objects", "further study", "radio and FIR data", "spectroscopic classifications", "optical identifications", "radio-quiet AGN" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "BL LACERTAE OBJECTS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "INFRARED: GALAXIES", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/289.4.824" ]
[ "Roy, A. L.", "Norris, R. P." ]
[ "School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia", "Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia" ]
[ "1998ApJ...497..133B", "1998MNRAS.300.1111H", "1998MNRAS.301.1019R", "1998PASA...15..167H", "1999ASPC..175..401H", "1999ApJ...527..709I", "2000AJ....119.2085O", "2000evn..conf..111M", "2001MNRAS.327..227T", "2001MNRAS.327..459L", "2002ApJ...565..836G", "2003AJ....126.2237D", "2004ApJ...611..208H", "2004ApJS..154..184S", "2004IAUS..222..309B", "2004MNRAS.354..305R", "2004astro.ph..6175S", "2004astro.ph..7130R", "2005MNRAS.356..734B", "2006ChJAA...6..197C", "2007ApJ...661...70B", "2009ApJ...693.1223S", "2009ApJ...704..789H", "2012MNRAS.422.1453N", "2012MNRAS.424.1327E", "2013A&A...549A..59D", "2013ApJ...764..176J", "2013ApJ...778..179W", "2013arXiv1301.3953N", "2014MNRAS.440L..31M", "2017A&A...606A.117I", "2017MNRAS.471.1634H", "2018A&A...616A.127R", "2024arXiv240705604Z" ]
[ "1976A&A....46..275J", "1979Natur.277..182S", "1980ApJ...238..435S", "1980tspd.book.....D", "1982euse.book.....L", "1983QJRAS..24..267H", "1985A&A...147L...6D", "1985ApJ...293..148B", "1985ApJ...298L...7H", "1985ApJ...298L..31S", "1985sgcc.book.....C", "1986ApJ...308..815N", "1987A&AS...69..487W", "1987ARA&A..25..187S", "1987ApJ...313..651E", "1987ApJ...320..238S", "1987PASP...99..309L", "1988A&A...206...41W", "1988ApJ...325...74S", "1989ApJ...342...83S", "1989ApJ...343..659U", "1989ApJ...347..727A", "1989MNRAS.240..329L", "1990A&A...236...69V", "1990AJ.....99....1K", "1991AJ....101..434H", "1991MNRAS.248..528A", "1991MNRAS.251P..14S", "1991cqan.book.....V", "1992A&AS...96..389D", "1992ApJ...391..560V", "1992ApJS...80..137J", "1992ifss.book.....M", "1993A&A...271..435A", "1993AJ....105.1666G", "1993ApJ...419..553B", "1993MNRAS.261..795B", "1994mtia.conf..263D", "1995ApJ...438...62W" ]
2048840
null
A three-dimensional non-linear model for a galactic dynamo
We describe a new code to solve the non-linear mean field dynamo equation in three spatial dimensions, in a form suited to investigating dynamo action in the discs of spiral galaxies. The code is used to model the generation of non-axisymmetric magnetic fields during the tidal interaction between M81 and its companion galaxy NGC 3077. Additionally, it is shown that, in linear theory, a spiral wave perturbation to the alpha effect can enhance the growth rate of the bisymmetric dynamo wave by parametric resonance. Results are compared with those obtained previously using an essentially two-dimensional approximation.
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12.815045
9.878024
1997-08-01
19
1997MNRAS.289..554M
[ "non-axisymmetric magnetic fields", "the non-linear mean field dynamo equation", "dynamo action", "spiral galaxies", "linear theory", "parametric resonance", "galaxy", "a spiral wave perturbation", "M81", "the bisymmetric dynamo wave" ]
[ "MAGNETIC FIELDS", "MHD", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: M81", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: MAGNETIC FIELDS", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/289.3.554" ]
[ "Moss, David" ]
[ "Department of Mathematics, The University, Manchester M13 9PL" ]
[ "1998A&A...329..895M", "1998A&A...333...27R", "1998MNRAS.297..860M", "1999A&A...343..120M", "1999A&A...345..461S", "1999A&A...347..860R", "1999A&A...348..405H", "1999A&A...350..423R", "2001GApFD..94..135P", "2004NewAR..48..763V", "2007A&A...465..157M", "2011NewAR..55...91V", "2012A&A...537A..68M", "2013AstL...39..414M", "2014A&A...566A..40M", "2018MNRAS.474.2212R", "2019Galax...7...36M", "2019MNRAS.482.3989R", "2021MNRAS.506.1407R" ]
[ "1969stph.book.....L", "1972SvPhU..15..159V", "1991A&A...247..576M", "1992A&A...256..371M", "1992A&AS...94..587E", "1993A&A...272..153T", "1993ApJ...409..179M", "1993MNRAS.264..285P", "1995MNRAS.275..191M", "1996A&A...308..381M", "1996A&A...315...63M", "1996ARA&A..34..155B" ]
2027195
null
Evolution of the Light Elements and the Cosmic-Ray Flux in the Galaxy
Simple models for cosmic-ray-induced chemical evolution of the Galaxy prior to 1992 predicted a quadratic dependence of the Be and B abundances on metallicity among halo stars, whereas observations have shown that a linear trend obtains. Among the many possible solutions suggested so far for this apparent discrepancy, we have reexamined (1) the spallation by heavy cosmic rays impinging on protons and alphas in the interstellar medium and (2) the specific manner of evolution of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum during the collapse of the halo. We find that these solutions, which account equally well for the linear trend, give rise to different evolutionary behaviors of the lithium isotope <SUP>6</SUP>Li as a function of metallicity. Precise measurements of <SUP>6</SUP>Li in halo stars might enable one to overcome such a degeneracy in the solutions and provide new insight into the early energetic processes in the Galaxy.
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7.343165
9.149752
1997-08-01
21
1997ApJ...485..605Y
[ "heavy cosmic rays", "halo stars", "different evolutionary behaviors", "new insight", "linear", "SUP>6</SUP", "evolution", "Galaxy", "metallicity", "cosmic-ray-induced chemical evolution" ]
[ "Galaxy: Formation", "Nuclear Reactions", "Nucleosynthesis", "Abundances", "Stars: Abundances", "Stars: Population II", "Stars: Subdwarfs" ]
0
[ "10.1086/304475" ]
[ "Yoshii, Yuzuru", "Kajino, Toshitaka", "Ryan, Sean G." ]
[ "Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan.; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.", "Theoretical Astrophysics Division, National Astronomical Observatory, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan.; Department of Astronomical Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan.", "Theoretical Astrophysics Division, National Astronomical Observatory, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan.; Anglo-Australian Observatory, P.O. Box 296, Epping, New South Wales 2121, Australia." ]
[ "1997ApJ...488..338D", "1998ApJ...506..405S", "1998ApJ...508..729L", "1998MNRAS.299.1007A", "1999A&A...348..211N", "1999AJ....117.1549B", "1999ApJ...522L.125S", "1999ApJ...523..654R", "2000IAUS..198..389B", "2000PASP..112..942C", "2000astro.ph..5055E", "2001ApJ...549..303S", "2004A&A...428..579A", "2004ApJ...600..204Y", "2005A&A...438..779P", "2006ApJ...644..229A", "2009ApJ...698L..37I", "2009ApJ...701.1506K", "2010ApJ...718L.137N", "2011ApJ...743..140B", "2014ApJ...790..115M" ]
[ "1967ApJ...147..624I", "1970ADNDT...7..233N", "1971A&A....15..337M", "1976ApJ...209..418H", "1976ApJ...210..475B", "1980FCPh....5..287T", "1980GAM....18.....A", "1982A&A...115..357S", "1984A&A...141...56S", "1984ADNDT..31..359R", "1985ApJ...299..745W", "1985ApJS...57..151M", "1985ApJS...57..173M", "1986A&A...163..140S", "1986ApJ...302L..49B", "1986ApJ...303..724B", "1987A&A...172L...9S", "1987ApJ...317..796H", "1988A&A...192..192R", "1988ApJ...326L..23H", "1988ApJ...329L.103B", "1989AIPC..183..111L", "1989ARA&A..27..279W", "1989ApJ...336L..55B", "1990ApJ...356..272W", "1990ApJ...359..267K", "1990ApJ...364..568V", "1990ApJS...73...21D", "1990ICRC....4...44Y", "1991ApJ...371..648B", "1991ApJ...375..116H", "1991ApJ...378...17G", "1992ApJ...385L..13S", "1992ApJ...388..184R", "1992ApJ...398L..45M", "1992ApJ...401..584D", "1992PhR...210..367D", "1993A&A...279L...9S", "1993ApJ...403..630P", "1993ApJ...405..559F", "1993ApJ...406..569T", "1993ApJ...407L..73M", "1993ApJ...408..262S", "1994ApJ...423...68F", "1994ApJ...424..666O", "1994ApJ...428L..25H", "1994ApJ...435..185F", "1995ApJ...447..184Y", "1995ApJ...452L..13D", "1995ApJS...98..617T", "1995Natur.373..318C", "1995Natur.378..255K", "1996ASPC...99..179D", "1996coab.proc..179D", "1996fogh.conf..327B" ]
2051587
null
12CO J = 1 - 0 observations of the Circinus galaxy using the Mopra 22 M radio telescope
The J = 1 - 0 rotational transition of carbon monoxide has been used to trace the molecular gas at five different positions in the Circinus galaxy using the Australia Telescope National Facility 22 m radio telescope at Mopra. The intensity profile of the central CO emission has a full width at half maximum of 550 pc. The 12CO (1 - 0) spectrum at the centre of the galaxy has an integrated temperature of 145 K km per sec, with components peaking at 0.62 K and ranging in velocity from 200 - 600 km per sec. The total mass of molecular gas in the Circinus galaxy, assuming the CO intensity profile of the galaxy is similar to the radio continuum, is estimated. This estimate, combined with previously published far infrared data, yields a value for the star forming efficiency.
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12.46478
8.866451
1997-08-01
6
1997PASA...14..140E
[ "molecular gas", "radio telescope", "carbon monoxide", "Circinus", "sec", "CO", "the Circinus galaxy", "m", "components", "the Australia Telescope National Facility" ]
[ "CIRCINUS GALAXY", "ACTIVE NUCLEI", "SPIRAL", "SEYFERT" ]
1
[ "10.1071/AS97140" ]
[ "Elmouttie, M.", "Haynes, R. F.", "Jones, K. L." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998A&A...338..863C", "1999A&A...344..767C", "2001A&A...367..457C", "2008A&A...483...79R", "2010PASA...27..321U", "2014A&A...568A.122Z" ]
[ "1982MNRAS.201P..13G", "1984A&A...135..281M", "1986ApJ...311L..33H", "1988A&A...207....1S", "1988ApJ...326..574D", "1990MNRAS.244..130H", "1991ARA&A..29..581Y", "1991ApJ...371..515D", "1991ApJ...382..475A", "1992A&A...265..487I", "1992ApJ...396L..75I", "1993A&A...270...29D", "1994A&A...288..457O", "1995MNRAS.275L..53E" ]
2051916
null
A Numerical Study of Counterrotating Disks in Spiral Galaxies
The serendipitous discovery in 1992 of a second spiral disk rotating in a sense opposite to the rest of the galaxy, followed by subsequent discoveries of other such counterrotating disks, poses a formidable challenge to theorists. Current galaxy formation theories do not permit such a disk to be formed with the rest of the galaxy, and it appears to have been built up from external matter after the galaxy was formed. The aim of this thesis was to determine how a counterrotating disk can form in a spiral galaxy without destroying the preexisting disk. The most promising theory invokes the adiabatic infall, on a retrograde orbit, of intergalactic gas that dissipates energy and precesses to the plane of the primary disk. Using numerical simulations that incorporate both stars and gas, I have tested two competing theories for the formation of counterrotating disks: adiabatic gas infall and a retrograde gas-rich dwarf merger. A tree code was used for the gravity solver. Sticky particle gas dynamics were used to study the general characteristics of the formation process, and the structure of the counterrotating disk formed was investigated with smoothed particle hydrodynamics. I show that under restricted conditions, dissipational infall of gas can indeed produce a counterrotating disk without excessive damage to the preexisting disk. A cold, thin primary can survive secular gas infall and the production of a massive counterrotating disk if the infalling gas is well-dispersed in phase-space. A minor merger with a gas-rich dwarf galaxy can also yield a counterrotating disk if the primary galaxy's disk is massive and compact to begin with. Although the origin of counterrotating disks is an intriguing question in its own right, it has profound implications for the evolution and interaction histories of spiral galaxie. (SECTION: Dissertation Summaries)
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10.898871
7.117663
1997-08-01
0
1997PASP..109..934T
[ "other such counterrotating disks", "adiabatic gas infall", "disks", "secular gas infall", "intergalactic gas", "gas", "Sticky particle gas dynamics", "Current galaxy formation theories", "dissipational infall", "a massive counterrotating disk" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1086/133964" ]
[ "Thakar, A. R." ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1986Natur.324..446B", "1992ApJ...394L...9R", "1992ApJ...400L...5R", "1996ApJ...461...55T", "1997ApJ...479..702T" ]
11623036
astro-ph/9708122
The influence of the Galactic wind upon the star formation histories of Local Group galaxies
We examine the possibility that ram pressure exerted by the Galactic wind from the Galaxy could have stripped gas from the Local Group dwarf galaxies, thereby affecting their star formation histories. Whether gas stripping occurs or not depends on the relative magnitudes of two counteracting forces acting on gas in a dwarf galaxy: ram pressure force produced by the wind and the gravitational binding force produced by the dwarf galaxy itself. We suggest that the Galactic wind could have stripped gas in a dwarf galaxy located within R_c~=120(r_s/1kpc^3/2(E_b/10^50erg)^-1/2 kpc (where r_s is the surface radius and E_b is the total binding energy of the dwarf galaxy, respectively) from the Galaxy within a time-scale of Gyr, thereby preventing star formation there. Our result based on this Galactic wind model explains the recent observation that dwarfs located close to the Galaxy experienced star formation only in the early phase of their lifetimes, whereas distant dwarfs are still undergoing star formation. The present star formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud can also be explained through our Galactic wind model.
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11.515313
7.341758
1997-09-01
13
1997MNRAS.290L..33H
[ "star formation", "distant dwarfs", "pressure force", "gas stripping", "ram pressure", "gas", "Galaxy", "the Local Group dwarf galaxies", "a dwarf galaxy", "the dwarf galaxy" ]
[ "STARS: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: ISM", "LOCAL GROUP", "MAGELLANIC CLOUDS", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/290.3.L33", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9708122" ]
[ "Hirashita, H.", "Kamaya, H.", "Mineshige, S." ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan", "Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan", "Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan" ]
[ "1999ApJ...520..607H", "1999IAUS..192..402H", "1999PASJ...51..375H", "1999ldss.work...91B", "2000AJ....119..705D", "2000PASJ...52..107H", "2002MNRAS.334..117C", "2003AJ....125.1926G", "2003ApJS..146..165S", "2004A&A...414..503B", "2005A&A...434..163K", "2008Ap&SS.317..235K", "2011Ap&SS.334..261K" ]
[ "1974ApJ...189L.105C", "1974Natur.252..111E", "1976ApJ...205..762S", "1977ApJ...218..148M", "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1979AJ.....84...62F", "1979ApJ...227..398C", "1979PASJ...31..181S", "1980PThPh..64.1995H", "1984ApJ...284...90C", "1984ApJ...285..483D", "1988ARA&A..26..145T", "1989ApJ...345..372N", "1990ASPC....7...30M", "1991AJ....102..130V", "1991ApJ...381L..13C", "1991IAUS..148..183D", "1992ApJ...390..405L", "1993AJ....106..507L", "1993ApJS...86...95P", "1994ApJ...428..617V", "1994ApJ...437...83B", "1995ApJ...444..590W", "1996AJ....111..777M" ]
2028367
null
Optically Identified Supernova Remnants in the Nearby Spiral Galaxies: NGC 5204, NGC 5585, NGC 6946, M81, and M101
We present the results of an optical search for supernova remnants (SNRs) in the spiral galaxies NGC 5204, NGC 5585, NGC 6946, M81, and M101. Using the criterion that emission nebulae with [S II]/Hα &gt;= 0.45 are identified as SNRs, we found three SNRs in NGC 5204, five in NGC 5585, 27 in NGC 6946, 41 in M81, and 93 in M101. Including the 35 SNRs recently detected in NGC 2403 by Matonick et al., we have doubled the current number of galaxies that have been well searched for SNRs and increased the number of known extragalactic SNRs by about 50%. Since no SNRs were detected inside H II regions and because our optical search appears biased against detecting large, faint SNRs, we estimate that there could be 4 times more SNRs in each of our target galaxies than we detected. Statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of detected SNRs indicates that those in NGC 2403, M81, and M101 are associated with star-forming regions (e.g., H II regions, spiral arms, and molecular clouds), suggesting that a significant fraction of the detected SNRs are the result of SN II or SN Ib/c explosions. Thirty-one SNRs found in these six galaxies have estimated diameters greater than 100 pc, which is larger than is possible for a single SNR in an interstellar medium of density ~0.1-1 cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. Such objects are probably combinations of multiple SNRs and massive stellar winds. <P />We present an overview of extragalactic SNR searches, combining our SNR samples with published results of optical SNR searches in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and in M31, M33, NGC 300, and NGC 7793 to create an ensemble of 12 SNR samples. From these data, we find that an important selection effect is the apparent trend for higher L(Hα)<SUB>mode</SUB> with increasing galaxy distance because intrinsically fainter SNRs are more difficult to detect in more distant galaxies. In addition, several physical trends were found in the SNR ensemble, including a constant value of D<SUB>mode</SUB> ~ 40 pc for the SNR samples in these galaxies, suggesting that a significant fraction of the detected SNRs are in a similar evolutionary stage.
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4.029779
5.174955
1997-09-01
151
1997ApJS..112...49M
[ "multiple SNRs", "SNR", "SNRs", "known extragalactic SNRs", "optical SNR searches", "NGC", "extragalactic SNR searches", "detected SNRs", "increasing galaxy distance", "galaxies" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ISM", "ISM: SUPERNOVA REMNANTS", "SURVEYS", "Galaxies: ISM", "ISM: Supernova Remnants", "Surveys" ]
5
[ "10.1086/313034" ]
[ "Matonick, David M.", "Fesen, Robert A." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755" ]
[ "1997ApJS..113..333M", "1998PASP..110..223T", "1999A&A...352..415I", "1999ApJ...517L..27W", "1999ApJ...523..121W", "2000AJ....119..681D", "2000AJ....119.1172D", "2000AJ....119.1711H", "2000AJ....120..791S", "2000ApJ...544..780P", "2000MNRAS.319...17L", "2000RvMA...13..129K", "2001AIPC..565..409C", "2001AJ....121.1497B", "2001AJ....121.3001S", "2001ApJ...547..754L", "2001ApJ...549L..43T", "2001ApJ...554..202I", "2001ApJ...560..719L", "2001ApJ...561..189P", "2001sgrb.conf..131C", "2002AJ....123.2462C", "2002ASPC..271..383L", "2002ApJ...565..966P", "2002ApJ...573..306E", "2002ApJ...574..382S", "2002ApJ...580L..31L", "2002astro.ph..2488P", "2003ApJ...582..184M", "2003ApJ...586.1179D", "2003ApJ...588..264K", "2003ApJ...588..792H", "2003ApJ...589..871A", "2003ApJ...598..982S", "2003ApJS..144..213S", "2003MNRAS.341L..49R", "2003MNRAS.342..709R", "2003RMxAC..15..197P", "2004ApJ...603..523Z", "2004ApJ...609..710D", "2004ApJ...615..727C", "2004ApJS..155..101B", "2004MNRAS.349..404J", "2005A&A...435..437U", "2005AJ....130..539G", "2005MNRAS.357..401J", "2005MNRAS.364..217F", "2005OLEB...35..555G", "2006A&A...459..519A", "2006ApJ...641..241R", "2006ApJ...652..507O", "2006ApJ...653..602L", "2006IAUS..232..281S", "2006smqw.confE..59R", "2007AJ....133.1361P", "2007ARep...51.1004L", "2007ApJ...668..124A", "2007IAUS..238..229A", "2007MNRAS.376.1611W", "2008A&A...481..117H", "2008AIPC.1010..303P", "2008ApJ...687..471B", "2008ApJS..177..465F", "2008arXiv0809.0409A", "2008xng..conf..137L", "2009A&A...493.1061S", "2009AJ....137.3869C", "2009ApJ...703..370C", "2009ApJ...707.1578K", "2009MNRAS.398.1041B", "2009SerAJ.179...87A", "2010A&A...517A..91S", "2010AJ....140.1163F", "2010ARep...54..375B", "2010ASPC..424..223L", "2010ApJ...722..620R", "2010ApJ...725..842L", "2010ApJS..187..495L", "2010ApJS..188...46K", "2010MNRAS.403..342H", "2011A&A...526A..41O", "2011A&A...535A..19L", "2011ARep...55..310B", "2011Ap&SS.332..221M", "2011BaltA..20..459A", "2011SerAJ.183...71A", "2012AJ....143...85F", "2012ApJ...749...17C", "2012ApJ...751..104B", "2012SerAJ.184...19M", "2013MNRAS.429..189L", "2013SerAJ.187...11V", "2014AJ....148...41B", "2014ApJ...786..130L", "2014ApJ...792...58Z", "2014ApJ...792...71P", "2014ApJ...793..134L", "2014MNRAS.437.1434T", "2014MNRAS.443.2499W", "2015A&A...580A..45D", "2015AJ....150...91P", "2015ApJ...815...59P", "2015MNRAS.446..943V", "2015MNRAS.449.2706N", "2015SerAJ.191...67V", "2016A&A...585A...3W", "2016PASJ...68S..18Y", "2017ApJ...839...83W", "2017MNRAS.472..308G", "2017arXiv170107840L", "2017hsn..book.2005L", "2017hsn..book.2087B", "2018A&A...618A...3R", "2018MNRAS.481.2804E", "2018arXiv180902034N", "2019A&A...628A..87V", "2019AJ....158..137S", "2019ApJ...875...85L", "2019ApJ...875..136V", "2019ApJ...881...38E", "2019ApJ...887...66P", "2019ApJS..241...37W", "2019JKAS...52....1S", "2019JPhCS1330a2003C", "2019MNRAS.482.2389U", "2019MNRAS.488..803M", "2019SerAJ.198...13V", "2020ApJ...899...14L", "2020ApJ...900..149L", "2020MNRAS.491..889K", "2020arXiv200906157D", "2021ApJ...908...80W", "2021MNRAS.500.2336Y", "2021MNRAS.501.1644S", "2021MNRAS.502.1386C", "2021MNRAS.507.6020K", "2021NewA...8301492E", "2022A&A...666A.100G", "2022MNRAS.513.1755S", "2023A&A...669A..25L", "2023AJ....166..204C", "2023ApJ...943...15W", "2023ApJ...959...62W", "2023MNRAS.521.1099B", "2023SerAJ.207....9V", "2023arXiv231017694S", "2024MNRAS.52711685P", "2024MNRAS.530.1078K", "2024PASJ...76..523Y", "2024arXiv240117307Z", "2024arXiv240508974L" ]
[ "1966MNRAS.131..371W", "1972ApJ...177...31R", "1972ApJ...178L.105M", "1973ApJ...180..725M", "1973ApJ...182..697M", "1974ApJS...27...21O", "1975ApJ...199..591S", "1976ApJ...204..519M", "1976PASP...88..323K", "1977ApJ...218..767S", "1978ApJ...225...40B", "1978ApJ...226L...7B", "1979ApJS...39....1R", "1979PASP...91...62S", "1980A&AS...40...67D", "1980ApJ...236..135K", "1981ApJ...247..879B", "1982ApJ...254...50B", "1983ApJ...267..563H", "1983ApJ...272...84B", "1983ApJS...51..345M", "1983MNRAS.204...53S", "1984ApJ...276..653D", "1984ApJ...279..708B", "1984ApJS...55..189M", "1985ApJ...289..582B", "1985ApJ...290..449S", "1985ApJ...292...29F", "1985ApJS...57....1M", "1985ApJS...58..197M", "1985SSRv...40..531L", "1986A&AS...66..149B", "1986ApJ...310..621B", "1986ApJ...311...85C", "1987ApJ...317..190M", "1987ApJ...319...61K", "1987JRASC..81..195D", "1987PASP...99..461H", "1988A&AS...74..475P", "1988AJ.....95.1111C", "1988AJ.....96.1874C", "1988ARA&A..26..145T", "1988ApJ...325..544F", "1988ApJ...328..315M", "1988ApJ...331L..95C", "1988ApJ...332L..63F", "1988PASP..100..683F", "1988PASP..100.1486V", "1988ang..book.....T", "1988ngc..book.....T", "1989A&AS...81..421B", "1989ApJ...340..355B", "1989ApJ...345..674K", "1989agna.book.....O", "1989nrpa.book.....P", "1990ApJS...72...61L", "1990ApJS...74...93R", "1991A&A...242...35B", "1991A&AS...89..159G", "1991AJ....102..904C", "1991PASP..103..209G", "1991PhDT.......325S", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992A&A...264..428B", "1992A&AS...92..625W", "1992AJ....103.1788V", "1992ApJS...80..531F", "1992sswi.book.....L", "1993A&AS...98..327B", "1993ApJ...407..564S", "1993ApJ...413L.109F", "1993ApJ...414..213C", "1993ApJ...418..743G", "1993PASP..105..494B", "1994AJ....107..565H", "1994AJ....107..651Y", "1994AJ....108.1266S", "1994ApJ...420...87Z", "1994ApJ...424L..99S", "1994ApJ...424L.103B", "1994ApJ...425L..77V", "1994ApJ...427..628F", "1994ApJ...431..156W", "1994ApJ...434..523S", "1994PASP..106.1276B", "1994PhDT.......162G", "1995A&AS..114..215M", "1995AJ....110..300F", "1995ApJ...439..132W", "1995ApJ...450..157C", "1997AJ....113..197V", "1997ApJS..108..261B", "1997PhDT.........5M" ]
2025255
null
Space velocities of southern globular clusters. I. Astrometric techniques and first results.
We present the first results of a program involving the determination of absolute proper-motions with respect to galaxies for a sample of southern globular clusters. Special attention has been given to understanding the systematics related to the plate material, the behaviour of different reduction procedures, and the contribution of the reference-system proper-motion distribution and mean motion to the final solution. We have developed a local-type astrometric solution which overcomes most of the systematics, such that our limit in the absolute proper-motion precision is set by the centering accuracy and numbers of images of galaxies and cluster stars. Space velocities are derived for NGC 288, NGC 1851, NGC 6362, NGC 6584 and NGC 6752 and their kinematics are discussed in the view of halo subdivisions and Galaxy formation scenarios.
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9.275521
8.457665
1997-09-01
64
1997AJ....114.1014D
[ "motion", "different reduction procedures", "southern globular clusters", "halo subdivisions", "Galaxy formation scenarios", "absolute proper-motions", "galaxies", "cluster stars", "Special attention", "the absolute proper-motion precision" ]
[ "GLOBULAR CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "ASTROMETRY" ]
1
[ "10.1086/118532" ]
[ "Dinescu, Dana I.", "Girard, Terrence M.", "van Altena, William F.", "Mendez, Rene A.", "Lopez, Carlos E." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.1736Z", "1998AJ....116.2556P", "1999AJ....117..277D", "1999AJ....117.1792D", "1999NewA....4..133B", "2000A&A...359..907L", "2000AJ....120.1892D", "2000Sci...287...69B", "2001AJ....122.1916D", "2001stcl.conf....1C", "2002AcASn..43..302W", "2002ApJ...564..736P", "2003A&A...399..121P", "2003AJ....125.1373D", "2003AJ....125.2559D", "2003AcASn..44..147W", "2003ChA&A..27...42W", "2003ChA&A..27..269W", "2004A&A...414..181A", "2004ASSL..319..685K", "2006ApJ...652.1150A", "2006ApJ...653.1417C", "2006RMxAC..25...10A", "2006RMxAC..25...91A", "2007AJ....134..195C", "2007PASJ...59..727O", "2009AJ....138.1570O", "2009ApJ...705L.153N", "2010A&A...524A..44P", "2010AJ....140.1282C", "2011ApJ...735...25N", "2011arXiv1112.1792D", "2012MNRAS.419.2063B", "2013AJ....146...33C", "2013ApJ...769L..23G", "2013ApJ...779...81M", "2013MNRAS.432..258D", "2014A&A...572A..30K", "2014ApJ...793..110M", "2014ApJ...797..115B", "2014MNRAS.445.4446K", "2014arXiv1412.5800M", "2015AJ....150...77V", "2015ApJ...810...69M", "2015MNRAS.446.3319Y", "2015MNRAS.454.2166M", "2016PASA...33...28B", "2017ApJ...839...89W", "2017ApJ...840...30F", "2017ApJ...846L..10P", "2017ApJ...847..119G", "2017MNRAS.469..774P", "2017PASP..129e4503A", "2018A&A...620A.154K", "2018ARep...62..986K", "2018ApJ...862..114S", "2018AstBu..73..162C", "2018MNRAS.473..492P", "2018MNRAS.474.2479B", "2019A&A...630L...4M", "2019ApJ...876..142K", "2019MNRAS.482.1080S", "2019MNRAS.484L.114K", "2020IAUS..351..472M" ]
[ "1963AJ.....68..221E", "1980AJ.....85.1390L", "1980MNRAS.193..295F", "1981A&A....95..105V", "1981A&A....95..116V", "1981MNRAS.195....1C", "1983AJ.....88.1683L", "1983RMxAA...8..139B", "1984ApJ...283L...5R", "1985ApJ...293..424Z", "1985ApJS...58..561V", "1986AJ.....91..303A", "1986IAUS..109..237L", "1986MNRAS.220..845P", "1987AJ.....94..501K", "1987ARA&A..25..603F", "1988AJ.....96..588A", "1990AJ.....99.2019L", "1990JRASC..84...89Z", "1991AJ....102..152R", "1991AJ....102.2022B", "1992ASSL..174...67Y", "1992ApJ...391..502K", "1992PASP..104.1063W", "1993A&A...278..301B", "1993AJ....105..168C", "1993AJ....105..539M", "1993AJ....105.2182G", "1993ASPC...48...38Z", "1993ASPC...49..141C", "1993ASPC...50..347T", "1993ASPC...50..357P", "1993ApJ...411..178V", "1993MNRAS.264..579S", "1993PASP..105..987M", "1994A&AS..108..341M", "1994AJ....108.1191M", "1994IAUS..161..425M", "1994MNRAS.266..925S", "1995A&A...304..141P", "1995AJ....109..672K", "1995AJ....109.1112S", "1995AJ....109.1663M", "1995AJ....109.2533D", "1995IAUS..164..405S", "1995MNRAS.276..549S", "1995PhDT........14G", "1995fmw..conf..289C", "1996A&A...313..119D", "1996AJ....111.1205D", "1996AJ....112..655M", "1996AJ....112.1487H", "1996ASPC...92...14N", "1996ASPC...92..211Z", "1996ASPC...92..261D", "1996ASPC...92..403W", "1996ASPC...92..453M", "1996ApJ...459..558C", "1996Msngr..83...29T" ]
2025291
null
Close galaxy pairs in low and medium density regions: The southern sky.
We extend to the southern hemisphere a continuing program of optical and HI observations of galaxy pairs (Chengalur \etal 1993, 1994, 1995 and Nordgren \etal 1997). These pairs are drawn from published redshift catalogs and represent a complete sample. We present new data of 15 pairs observed with the Palomar 5-meter telescope, Mount Stromlo Siding Spring 40-inch telescope, Australia Telescope Compact Array and VLA D synthesis array. These galaxy pairs are all defined as close pairs (projected separations &lt; 100 kpc). HI companions are found near five of 15 pairs.
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12.00892
6.847783
1997-09-01
21
1997AJ....114..913N
[ "galaxy pairs", "close pairs", "Australia Telescope Compact Array", "published redshift catalogs", "VLA D synthesis array", "HI companions", "projected separations", "Chengalur \\etal", "Mount Stromlo", "new data" ]
[ "DARK MATTER", "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/118523" ]
[ "Nordgren, Tyler E.", "Chengalur, Jayaram N.", "Salpeter, E. E.", "Terzian, Yervant" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998ApJS..115...43N", "1999AJ....117..811H", "2000ApJ...544..176N", "2001A&A...378..370V", "2001AJ....122.1194P", "2003AJ....126.2171G", "2005ApJ...619L..91N", "2005MNRAS.358..202K", "2006ApJS..165..307M", "2007ApJ...657L.105F", "2008ApJ...674L..85I", "2012ApJS..199...26H", "2013ApJ...779...76Z", "2014ApJ...790..132D", "2016AJ....151...30W", "2016MNRAS.461.3001T", "2017AJ....154...70W", "2019A&A...629A..57M", "2020MNRAS.494.2785T", "2021PASA...38...46N", "2023MNRAS.519..318K" ]
[ "1952ApJ...116...63P", "1979ApJ...232...20P", "1986AJ.....92..742S", "1987IAUS..117...96S", "1988ApJ...327..544D", "1989gcho.book.....H", "1990ApJ...354..418S", "1991ApJ...375..517C", "1993ApJ...419...30C", "1994AJ....107.1984C", "1994PhDT........33C", "1995AJ....110..167C", "1997AJ....114...77N" ]
2027930
null
On the Uncertainty in X-Ray Cluster Mass Estimates from the Equation of Hydrostatic Equilibrium
We study the uncertainty in galaxy cluster mass estimates derived from X-ray data, assuming hydrostatic equilibrium for the intracluster gas. Using a Monte Carlo procedure, we generate a general class of mass models allowing very massive clusters. We then compute the corresponding temperature profiles through the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium and compare them to observational data for some clusters. We find several massive clusters that pass the observational constraints, with integrated masses varying over quite a wide range. The resulting accuracy of the mass estimates is rather poor, the uncertainties larger than what is generally claimed. Despite the fact that the mass profile can be exactly determined mathematically from the temperature and surface brightness profiles, we find that very accurate measurements of both quantities are required to determine the actual mass with moderate accuracy. We argue that the tight constraints on cluster masses previously obtained arise from the fact that a too restricted class of mass density profiles has been investigated so far, without serious physical justification. Applying our procedure to the Perseus and then to the Coma clusters, we find that an improvement of the observational constraints results in a quite modest improvement in the accuracy of the mass estimate. For Coma, using the best current available data, we end up with an uncertainty of a factor of 2 for the mass within the Abell radius. This uncertainty rapidly increases at further radius.
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12.928476
4.47524
1997-09-01
15
1997ApJ...487...33B
[ "galaxy cluster mass estimates", "cluster masses", "mass models", "several massive clusters", "observational data", "mass density profiles", "X-ray data", "hydrostatic equilibrium", "integrated masses", "moderate accuracy" ]
[ "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "galaxies: clusters: individual (Coma", "Perseus)", "Galaxies: Intergalactic Medium", "X-Rays: Galaxies" ]
0
[ "10.1086/304612" ]
[ "Balland, Christophe", "Blanchard, Alain" ]
[ "Center for Particle Astrophysics, University of California at Berkeley, 301 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720", "Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, 11 Rue de l'Université, F-67000 Strasbourg, France" ]
[ "1998A&A...329...21S", "1998Sci...280..400.", "2000A&A...361..429R", "2001A&A...371...19S", "2001NewAR..45..401B", "2001RMxAC..10..138I", "2002LNP...608...55W", "2003NuPhS.124...87B", "2006ApJ...652..232H", "2006MNRAS.369.2013R", "2013SSRv..177..119E", "2015A&A...582A..79I", "2018A&A...620A..78S", "2021A&A...656A..75B", "2022MNRAS.517.5734L" ]
[ "1976A&A....49..137C", "1984ApJ...276...38J", "1987ApJ...317..593C", "1988AJ.....95...15T", "1988ApJ...329...82H", "1989ApJ...337...21H", "1991ApJ...376...23E", "1991ApJ...383...66H", "1992A&A...253...77G", "1992A&A...259L..31B", "1992ASIC..366...49J", "1992MNRAS.258..738W", "1993ApJ...407...33M", "1993Natur.366..429W", "1994ApJ...427L..87B", "1994ApJ...431...91L", "1994ApJ...434..402C", "1994ApJ...436L..67A", "1994MNRAS.269..589W", "1994PASJ...46..139M", "1995A&A...293..337E", "1995Ap&SS.234..303S", "1995ApJ...445..578D", "1995ApJ...453..634R", "1995MNRAS.273...72W", "1996ApJ...469..494E", "1996ApJ...473..651R", "1996ApJ...473L..71H", "1996MNRAS.280..309S", "1997MNRAS.292..289E" ]
2027422
null
Dynamics of Galaxy Merging and the Origin of the Color-Magnitude Relation of Elliptical Galaxies
We numerically investigate both chemical and dynamical evolution of gas-rich galaxy mergers in a self-consistent manner in order to explore the origin of the color-magnitude (C-M) relation of elliptical galaxies. We especially investigate the dependence of the mean stellar metallicity of merger remnants on the rapidity of gas consumption by star formation during merging. We found that galaxy mergers with more (less) rapid gas consumption by star formation show a larger (smaller) degree of metal enrichment. The reason for this dependence can be explained as follows. For a galaxy merger with more rapid star formation, a lesser amount of interstellar gas is tidally stripped away from the system during galaxy merging principally because a greater amount of initial gas has been already converted to a stellar component before the system suffers more severely from the violently varying gravitational potential of galaxy merging. As a result of this, a greater amount of the gas is consequently enriched to a larger extent with metals and is converted to a stellar component during merging. Thus, greater amounts of metals are shared by the stellar component in the remnant of the galaxy merger with more rapid star formation. This result implies that if more luminous elliptical galaxies are formed by galaxy merging with more rapid star formation, the C-M relation can be reproduced at least in a qualitative way. This result furthermore demonstrates that the origin of the C-M relation of elliptical galaxies can be closely associated with the details of the dynamical process of galaxy merging, which depends principally on the rapidity of gas consumption by star formation in merging galaxies.
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11.503589
6.760502
1997-09-01
8
1997ApJ...486..197B
[ "elliptical galaxies", "galaxy merging", "merging galaxies", "gas consumption", "star formation", "interstellar gas", "initial gas", "merger remnants", "gas-rich galaxy mergers", "greater amounts" ]
[ "Galaxies: Elliptical and Lenticular", "cD", "Galaxies: Formation", "Galaxies: Fundamental Parameters", "Galaxies: Interactions" ]
0
[ "10.1086/304530" ]
[ "Bekki, Kenji", "Shioya, Yasuhiro" ]
[ "Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-77, Japan", "Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-77, Japan" ]
[ "1998A&A...334..814B", "1998ApJ...496..713B", "1998ApJ...497..108B", "1999IAUS..186..202S", "2000AJ....119.1562M", "2008AstHe.101..115K", "2018KFNT...34f..22D", "2018KPCB...34..290D" ]
[ "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1973ApJ...179..731F", "1974MNRAS.169..229L", "1978ApJ...222...14T", "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1980FCPh....5..287T", "1980MNRAS.193..189F", "1981ApJ...247...77S", "1987A&A...173...23A", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1992ApJ...398...69W", "1992MNRAS.254..601B", "1994A&A...288...57M", "1994ApJS...94...63B", "1995ASPC...86..203W", "1995MNRAS.274..161K", "1996A&A...311..361T", "1996IAUS..171..181B", "1996MNRAS.281..487K", "1997ApJ...478L..17B" ]
2025302
null
Population analysis of faint galaxies with mixture modeling.
We investigate the use of spectral mixture modeling to decompose the integrated spectra of several galaxies. This technique uses a linear combination of template spectra to model over 93% of the variance in Kennicutt's sample of galaxy spectra. One result of our model is a stellar population parameter for each galaxy, which correlates with both star formation rate and the population's mass-to-light ratio. Armed with the template spectra, we use mixture modeling to develop a photometric system that is independent of redshift, in order to more precisely measure the color evolution of galaxies. We show how to use the photometric system to model the composition of high-redshift galaxies in terms of the template spectra, and hence estimate their star-formation history. This photometric technique avoids being biased by the nucleus, unlike techniques which rely on slit spectra.
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12.254628
6.815276
1997-09-01
5
1997AJ....114..958T
[ "template spectra", "slit spectra", "spectral mixture modeling", "several galaxies", "galaxies", "mixture", "redshift", "techniques", "the template spectra", "galaxy spectra" ]
[ "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "GALAXIES: ISM", "STARS: FORMATION" ]
0
[ "10.1086/118526" ]
[ "Titus, Timothy N.", "Spillar, Earl J.", "Johnson, Paul" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "2008ApJ...679..156H", "2009ApJS..181..135H", "2009ApJS..181..486H", "2010MNRAS.402..985H", "2013MNRAS.430.1901H" ]
[ "1969AJ.....74..177W", "1973ApJ...184..735N", "1977AJ.....82..337S", "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1979ARA&A..17..135F", "1983ApJ...272...54K", "1983ApJS...52..121G", "1984ApJ...284..544G", "1985JGR....90..797S", "1986JGR....91.8098A", "1988ApJ...330...78B", "1992ApJ...388..310K", "1992ApJS...79..255K", "1993Sci...260..797P" ]
11614953
astro-ph/9706153
The visible environment of polar ring galaxies.
A statistical study of the environment around Polar Ring Galaxies is presented. Two kinds of search are performed: 1) a study of the concentration and diameters of all the objects surrounding the Polar Rings, within a search field 5 times the ring diameter. New magnitudes for polar ring galaxies are presented. 2) a search, in a wider field, for galaxies of similar size that may have encountered the polar ring host galaxy in a time of the order of 1Gyr. Differently from the results of similar searches in the fields of active galaxies, the environment of the Polar Ring Galaxies seems to be similar to that of normal galaxies. This result may give support to the models suggesting long times for formation and evolution of the rings. If the rings are old (and stable or in equilibrium), no traces of the past interaction are expected in their surroundings. In addition, the formation of massive polar rings, too big to derive from the ingestion of a present-day dwarf galaxy, may be easily placed in epochs with a higher number of gas-rich galaxies.
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11.023562
7.599627
1997-10-01
22
1997A&A...326..907B
[ "polar ring galaxies", "massive polar rings", "active galaxies", "normal galaxies", "galaxies", "Polar Ring Galaxies", "similar searches", "the polar ring host galaxy", "search", "similar size" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: PECULIAR", "Astrophysics" ]
8
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9706153" ]
[ "Brocca, C.", "Bettoni, D.", "Galletta, G." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998ApJ...499..635B", "2000A&AS..141..385V", "2000ASPC..197..125B", "2001A&A...374...83B", "2001AJ....121..140K", "2002A&A...386..140V", "2004ASSL..319...57C", "2006A&A...446..447R", "2006MNRAS.366..182B", "2008ApJ...689..678B", "2009A&A...508.1235M", "2009ApJ...696L...6S", "2009AstL...35...25F", "2009MNRAS.393..317S", "2010MNRAS.401.2067B", "2011A&A...531A..21S", "2012MNRAS.422.2386F", "2012MNRAS.426.2003S", "2015A&A...574A.111I", "2015MNRAS.450..998S", "2017AstL...43..146S", "2018MNRAS.475.4055M" ]
[ "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1976ApJ...208..650T", "1980A&A....82..314S", "1983AJ.....88..909S", "1984AJ.....89..966D", "1985ApJ...288..122H", "1986MNRAS.218..743B", "1986MNRAS.219..657S", "1986MNRAS.222..673F", "1988AJ.....96.1235F", "1990AJ....100.1489W", "1991ApJ...366....7H", "1991wdir.conf..112R", "1991wdir.conf..131S", "1991wdir.conf..143Q", "1994AJ....107...99R", "1994AJ....107..958A", "1994IEEES...2...14I", "1995AJ....109.1546R", "1997A&A...321..749R", "1997MNRAS.284..773G" ]
11614899
astro-ph/9704211
Do the lensing cross-sections of faint galaxies cover the whole sky?
Very deep galaxy surveys have revealed a considerably large population of faint galaxies, which leads to the speculation that all distant objects are moderately magnified by the gravitational lensing effects of galaxies (Fried, 1997A&amp;A...319..365F). In this letter, we present a simple estimate of the lensing amplitudes by all galaxies up to redshift z=2 in terms of galaxy merging and answer the question whether the sky is fully covered by the lensing cross-sections of galaxies. It is shown that, as a result of the combination of the increase of galaxy number and the decrease of galaxy velocity dispersion with lookback time, less than ~1/10 of the sky to z=2 can be moderately affected by the galaxy acting as lenses with magnification μ&gt;1.1. This conclusion is independent of the galaxy limiting magnitude. In other Words, no matter how high the surface number density of faint galaxies becomes, it is unlikely that their lensing cross-sections of μ&gt;1.1 can cover the whole sky.
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12.740392
4.516956
1997-10-01
6
1997A&A...326L...9Z
[ "faint galaxies", "galaxy number", "galaxy merging", "galaxies", "galaxy velocity dispersion", "the galaxy limiting magnitude", "Very deep galaxy surveys", "lookback time", "z=2", "all galaxies" ]
[ "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "GALAXIES: GENERAL", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9704211" ]
[ "Zhu, Z. -H.", "Wu, X. -P." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1998A&A...338..777Z", "1998ChPhL..15..617Z", "2000IJMPD...9..591Z", "2000MPLA...15.1023Z", "2000graa.conf..182Z", "2017ApJ...834...75X" ]
[ "1968Sci...162..348B", "1973ApJ...185..397P", "1984ApJ...281...95P", "1984ApJ...284....1T", "1991MNRAS.253...99F", "1992ApJ...387L...7Y", "1992Natur.355...55B", "1994ApJ...435...49R", "1994ApJ...436...56K", "1994MNRAS.268..569M", "1996Natur.383..236M", "1997A&A...319..365F" ]
2025176
null
NGC 5291: implications for the formation of dwarf galaxies.
The possible formation and evolution of dwarf irregular galaxies from material derived from perturbed evolved galaxies is addressed via an H I study of a likely example, the peculiar system NGC 5291. This system, located in the western outskirts of the cluster Abell 3574, contains the lenticular galaxy NGC 5291 which is in close proximity to a disturbed companion and is flanked by an extensive complex of numerous knots extending roughly 4 min north and 4 min south of the galaxy. In an initial optical and radio study, Longmore et al. (1979, MNRAS, 188, 285) showed that these knots have the spectra of vigorous star-forming regions, and suggested that some may in fact be young dwarf irregular galaxies. High resolution 21-cm line observations taken with the VLA are presented here and reveal that the H I distribution associated with this system encompasses not only the entire N-S complex of optical knots, but also forms an incomplete ring or tail that extends approximately 3 min to the west. The H I associated with NGC 5291 itself shows a high velocity range; the Seashell is not detected. The formation mechanism for this unusual system is unclear and two models - a large, low-luminosity ram-swept disk, and a ram-swept interaction-are discussed. The H I in the system contains numerous concentrations, mostly along the N-S arc of the star-forming complexes, which generally coincide with one or more optical knots; the larger H I features contain several x 10<SUP>9</SUP> solar mass of gas. Each of the knots is compared to a set of criteria designed to determine if these objects are bound against their own internal kinetic energy and are tidally stable relative to the host galaxy. An analysis of the properties of the H I concentrations surrounding the optical star-forming complexes indicates that at least the largest of these is a bound system; it also possesses a stellar component. It is suggested that this object is a genuinely young dwarf irregular galaxy that has evolved from the material associated with the system and that this entire complex contains several proto- or young dwarf irregular galaxies in various stages of development. We are therefore witnessing the early evolution of a number of genuinely young galaxies. Given the evident importance of the NGC 5291 system as a 'nursery' for young galaxies, careful modeling is required if we are to understand this remarkable galaxy.
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11.423796
7.674156
1997-10-01
40
1997AJ....114.1427M
[ "young dwarf irregular galaxies", "dwarf irregular galaxies", "young galaxies", "perturbed evolved galaxies", "optical knots", "numerous knots", "several proto- or young dwarf irregular galaxies", "NGC", "genuinely young galaxies", "a genuinely young dwarf irregular galaxy" ]
[ "GALAXIES: IRREGULAR", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC 5291", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "Dwarf Galaxies", "Galactic Evolution", "Irregular Galaxies", "High Resolution", "Stellar Mass", "Stability", "S Stars", "Microwave Spectra", "Luminosity", "Line Spectra", "Lenticular Bodies", "Kinetic Energy", "Internal Energy", "Galactic Clusters", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1086/118574" ]
[ "Malphrus, Benjamin K.", "Simpson, Caroline E.", "Gottesman, S. T.", "Hawarden, Timothy G." ]
[ "Morehead State University", "Florida International University", "Florida University", "Joint Astronomy Centre" ]
[ "1998A&A...333..813D", "1999AJ....117..181K", "1999AJ....117..811H", "1999AJ....118..162H", "1999IAUS..186...61D", "1999PhR...321....1S", "2000AJ....120.1238D", "2000ASPC..197..285H", "2001A&A...378...51B", "2001AJ....121.2524M", "2001ASPC..240..181D", "2004AJ....128...16K", "2004IAUS..217...34K", "2004IAUS..217..510H", "2005AJ....130.1049S", "2005MNRAS.357L..21B", "2005MNRAS.363L..21B", "2006ApJ...640..768H", "2006BASI...34..375G", "2007A&A...465..787O", "2007A&A...467...93B", "2007ApJ...667L..45M", "2007IAUS..237..398B", "2007Sci...316.1166B", "2010ASPC..421..137K", "2012AJ....144...66K", "2012MNRAS.423.1109P", "2012MNRAS.424...80P", "2013MNRAS.435.2116P", "2014ApJ...791...38W", "2015A&A...584A.113L", "2016MNRAS.461.3001T", "2017AJ....154...70W", "2020arXiv200207312K", "2021A&A...651A..77C", "2021MNRAS.500.3689D", "2023MNRAS.522.1196R", "2023MNRAS.526.1940K", "2024A&A...687A.105I", "2024ApJ...961L..11P" ]
[ "1956ErNW...29..344Z", "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1964rcbg.book.....D", "1966apg..book.....A", "1969AJ.....74..804K", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1974A&AS...15..417H", "1976ApJ...208..650T", "1976ApJ...209..382L", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1978IAUS...77..279S", "1978Msngr..13...11P", "1979MNRAS.188..285L", "1980A&A....89..377C", "1981gask.book.....M", "1984A&AS...58..131R", "1986MNRAS.219..759G", "1987A&A...176...13V", "1987A&AS...68...33D", "1987AJ.....94...23B", "1987cspg.book.....A", "1991A&A...243..367M", "1992A&A...256L..19M", "1992Natur.360..715B", "1993ApJ...412...90E", "1994AJ....107...67H", "1994feg..conf...85L", "1994feg..conf..399B", "1995AJ....109..558S", "1995AJ....110..140H", "1995PhDT.......137D", "1996AJ....111..655H" ]
2028102
null
Dynamics of Orbits and Local Gas Stability in a Lopsided Galaxy
We study the dynamics of particles in closed orbits in a galactic disk perturbed by a lopsided halo potential. The underlying potential in a large fraction of spiral galaxies is now believed to have this form. The orbits are solved via first-order epicyclic theory, and the azimuthal variation in the effective surface density is obtained for an exponential disk. The results are obtained first for a flat rotation curve and then for a general power-law rotation curve. These are shown to be valid for both stars and gas in the inner (optical) region of a galaxy because both respond to the same lopsided potential and have comparable disk scale lengths. The results are applied to external lopsided galaxies. <P />An orbit is shown to be elongated along the minimum in the lopsided potential. The net rotational velocity is highest at the minimum radial extent of the orbit. The perturbation parameter for the lopsided potential ɛ<SUB>lop</SUB>, is obtained as a function of the observed fractional amplitude of the m = 1 azimuthal Fourier component of the surface brightness and the radius. The ellipticity of isophotes is shown to be higher by at least a factor of 4 compared to ɛ<SUB>lop</SUB>. This explains why the phenomenon of lopsidedness is so commonly detected. It also means that even visually strongly lopsided galaxies have a fairly axisymmetric potential, with a small ɛ<SUB>lop</SUB> &lt; 0.1. The effective disk surface density is highest along the maximum in the lopsided potential, and there is an underdense region in the opposite direction. The maximum increase in the surface density is high ~35%-50%, for strongly lopsided galaxies. <P />We obtain the local stability parameter Q<SUB>lop</SUB> in a lopsided galaxy and show that its values for gas are significantly lowered compared to the axisymmetric case in the overdense region. This is argued to result in an enhanced formation of massive stars which then result in H II regions. Thus we can naturally explain the observed azimuthal asymmetry in the distribution of molecular hydrogen gas and H II regions in the lopsided galaxies such as M101.
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10.418513
6.248744
1997-10-01
66
1997ApJ...488..642J
[ "external lopsided galaxies", "spiral galaxies", "H II regions", "high ~35%-50%", "molecular hydrogen gas", "closed orbits", "comparable disk scale lengths", "the same lopsided potential", "a lopsided halo potential", "a lopsided galaxy" ]
[ "Galaxies: Individual: Messier Number: M101", "Galaxies: ISM", "Galaxies: Kinematics and Dynamics", "Galaxies: Spiral", "Galaxies: Structure", "Stars: Formation" ]
1
[ "10.1086/304721" ]
[ "Jog, Chanda J." ]
[ "Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India;" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.1169M", "1998AJ....116.2154K", "1998ApJ...503..186G", "1998astro.ph.10301B", "1999ASPC..170..261B", "1999ApJ...522..661J", "1999ApJ...524..634L", "1999MNRAS.304..330S", "2000AJ....120..139K", "2000ApJ...542..216J", "2000ApJ...543..669Z", "2000BASI...28..351J", "2000MNRAS.316..569H", "2001MNRAS.328.1064N", "2002A&A...391..471J", "2002ApJ...568..190I", "2002ceme.symp..134I", "2003A&A...407..485G", "2003astro.ph..5022H", "2004AN....325...96V", "2005A&A...438..507B", "2005A&A...442..137N", "2006MNRAS.369.1849A", "2006MNRAS.370..891J", "2006astro.ph.11029H", "2007ApJ...667..191B", "2007MNRAS.378..276A", "2007MNRAS.379...11D", "2007MNRAS.382..419S", "2008ApJ...677..186R", "2008MNRAS.387....2D", "2008MNRAS.388..697M", "2009ApJ...697.2015S", "2009ApJ...700.1896K", "2009ApJ...702..277M", "2009IAUS..254P..40M", "2009PhR...471...75J", "2011A&A...530A..29V", "2011A&A...530A..30V", "2011AJ....142..182H", "2011ASSP...27...75J", "2011MNRAS.416.2415H", "2013ApJ...772..135Z", "2013MSAIS..25...45C", "2014MNRAS.439.1948Y", "2014MNRAS.444..352S", "2016A&A...588A..48C", "2016MNRAS.462...92J", "2016MNRAS.463.2092Y", "2017A&A...600A..17P", "2017ApJ...850..163V", "2017MNRAS.469.3363K", "2018ApJ...852...94V", "2020MNRAS.492.3672W", "2020MNRAS.493.5089R", "2020MNRAS.498.1080K", "2020MNRAS.498.4745J", "2020MNRAS.499.5205W", "2021MNRAS.504.1989W", "2022A&A...662A..53L", "2022CaJPh.100..201K", "2022MNRAS.511.5878G", "2023MNRAS.523.5853V", "2023MNRAS.526..567D", "2024ApJ...961...46S", "2024arXiv240600635S" ]
[ "1961hag..book.....S", "1964ApJ...139.1217T", "1966ApJS...14....1A", "1969Natur.221..531B", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1971A&A....13..108R", "1972ApJ...176L...9Q", "1975dgs..conf..157A", "1977LNP....69.....R", "1978ApJ...225L.107R", "1978PhDT.......195B", "1980MNRAS.191..169N", "1980MNRAS.193..313B", "1981A&A....93..106B", "1981gask.book.....M", "1981seng.proc..149S", "1982ApJ...258..467Y", "1982ApJ...260L..41Y", "1983ApJ...266..555S", "1983ApJ...266L.103S", "1983ApJ...267..563H", "1984ApJ...276..114J", "1984ApJ...276..127J", "1984inch.book.....D", "1986A&AS...66..505W", "1986AJ.....91..517R", "1986ApJ...310L..77S", "1986MNRAS.223..377G", "1986stpo.meet..101L", "1987ASSL..134...21S", "1987ApJ...319...76S", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988AJ.....95.1354V", "1988ApJ...328..404J", "1988ApJ...333..522R", "1989ApJ...337..761K", "1989ApJ...339..836A", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1990ApJ...356..135L", "1991AJ....101.1231C", "1991AJ....102...48R", "1991ARA&A..29..581Y", "1991ApJ...366..432K", "1991ApJ...380..392S", "1992A&A...253..335K", "1992ApJ...387..152J", "1992ApJ...390..378J", "1992ApJ...392L..47F", "1993A&AS..102..229A", "1993ApJ...404L..59S", "1993ApJ...409...68K", "1993ApJ...418..113P", "1993ApJ...418..123R", "1994A&A...288..365B", "1994A&A...290L...9R", "1994ApJ...421..178K", "1994ApJ...425..530S", "1995ApJ...447...82R", "1995ApJ...453..154P", "1995ApJ...455L..31W", "1995ApJS...98..219Y", "1996A&A...312..703J", "1996AJ....111..109S", "1996IAUS..169...23R", "1996IAUS..169..633S", "1996MNRAS.278..209J", "1996MNRAS.278..395E", "1997ApJ...477..118Z" ]
2025141
null
Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of Galaxies.
We have successfully made 1.65 and 2.2 μm polarization maps of four external galaxies at a high level of precision. The disk of NGC 4565 polarizes light at H at a level consistent with interstellar polarization observed in the Milky Way. The polarization in the disk of NGC 891 lies close to, but not exactly in the plane of the galaxy and the polarization is weak for the amount of reddening. We hypothesize that either the lines of sight deep into the disk of NGC 891 pass through alternating regions of torroidal and vertical magnetic fields, or that the magnetic field in this galaxy is highly turbulent on small scales compared to the Milky Way. In the inner disks of these two galaxies scattering polarization does not appear to be a significant contributor at IR wavelengths. The infrared luminous galaxy UGC 2238 has very unusual polarization with a 90° change in position angle from H to K on the nucleus. This behavior can be explained by a combination of a torroidal field in the disk and a poloidal field in the nucleus. Such geometries may be a general characteristic of very luminous galactic nuclei. Imaging polarimetry of the interacting system Arp 299 confirms and extends the single aperture observations. Polarimetry of IC 694, the more luminous galaxy in the Arp 299 system, suggests a massive polar flow from the nucleus that pulls the magnetic field into a poloidal geometry.
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14.790225
8.243936
1997-10-01
29
1997AJ....114.1393J
[ "interstellar polarization", "polarization", "The infrared luminous galaxy UGC", "NGC", "torroidal and vertical magnetic fields", "Arp", "position angle", "small scales", "H", "2.2 μm polarization maps" ]
[ "INFRARED: GALAXIES", "GALAXIES: ISM" ]
2
[ "10.1086/118571" ]
[ "Jones, Terry Jay" ]
[ "-" ]
[ "1997AJ....114.1405W", "1997AJ....114.2463H", "1999A&AS..138..163A", "1999AJ....118..162H", "1999AstL...25..697S", "2000AJ....120.2920J", "2000ApJ...536..239L", "2000Icar..143..338J", "2001PASP..113..920L", "2002ApJ...574..205W", "2003AJ....125.1418J", "2003AJ....125.3208J", "2003ApJ...587..227J", "2004AJ....127.2398K", "2004AJ....128.2448J", "2005ASPC..343..122C", "2005ASPC..343..503J", "2007AJ....133.2730J", "2008AN....329..855R", "2011ASPC..449....3J", "2011ApJ...741..112P", "2013AJ....145...74C", "2014ApJ...786...41M", "2015AJ....149...31J", "2018ApJ...862...87S", "2018PASP..130e5002D", "2020AJ....160..167J", "2021ApJ...921..128B", "2023AJ....165..223K" ]
[ "1983ApJ...267..551G", "1984MNRAS.209..245I", "1987MNRAS.227P...1H", "1987NASCP2466..411S", "1988AJ.....95..356C", "1989AJ.....98.2062J", "1989ApJ...341..707J", "1990AJ.....99.1470J", "1990IAUS..140..245S", "1990MNRAS.244..604B", "1991ApJ...382..100S", "1991MNRAS.252..288B", "1993ApJ...403..135J", "1994A&A...290..384D", "1996A&A...308..713F", "1996ASPC...97..325G", "1996ASPC...97..381J", "1996ASPC...97..401R", "1996ASPC...97..457H", "1996ASPC...97..486Z", "1996ASPC...97..569H", "1996ApJ...463..681W", "1996MNRAS.278..519S", "1997AJ....114.1405W" ]
2028333
null
The Taxonomy of Blue Amorphous Galaxies. I. Hα and UBVI Data
Dwarf galaxies play an important role in our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. We have embarked on a systematic study of 12 nearby dwarf galaxies (most of which have been classified as amorphous) selected preferentially by their blue colors. The properties of the galaxies in the sample suggest that they are in a burst or postburst state. It seems likely that these amorphous galaxies are closely related to other ``starburst'' dwarfs such as blue compact dwarfs (BCDs) and H II galaxies but are considerably closer and therefore easier to study. If so, these galaxies may offer important insights into dwarf galaxy evolution. In an effort to clarify the role of starbursts in evolutionary scenarios for dwarf galaxies, we present Hα and UBVI data for our sample. Blue amorphous galaxies, like BCDs and H II galaxies, have surface brightness profiles that are exponential in the outer regions (r &gt;~ 1.5r<SUB>e</SUB>) but have a predominantly blue central excess, which suggests a young burst in an older, redder galaxy. Seven of the galaxies have the bubble or filamentary Hα morphology and double-peaked emission lines that are the signature of superbubbles or superwind activity. These galaxies are typically the ones with the strongest central excesses. The underlying exponential galaxies are very similar to those found in BCDs and H II galaxies. How amorphous galaxies fit into the dwarf irregular-``starburst dwarf''-dwarf elliptical evolutionary debate is less clear. In this paper, we present our data and make some preliminary comparisons between amorphous galaxies and other classes of dwarf galaxies. In a future companion paper, we will compare this sample more quantitatively with other dwarf galaxy samples in an effort to determine if amorphous galaxies are a physically different class of object from other starburst dwarfs such as BCDs and H II galaxies and also investigate their place in dwarf galaxy evolution scenarios.
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11.519597
7.885701
1997-10-01
63
1997ApJS..112..285M
[ "Dwarf galaxies", "dwarf galaxies", "other dwarf galaxy samples", "dwarf galaxy evolution", "amorphous galaxies", "Blue amorphous galaxies", "H II galaxies", "galaxy formation", "other starburst dwarfs", "blue compact dwarfs" ]
[ "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "Galaxies: Kinematics and Dynamics", "Galaxies: Photometry", "Galaxies: Starburst", "Galaxies: Structure" ]
1
[ "10.1086/313045" ]
[ "Marlowe, Amanda T.", "Meurer, Gerhardt R.", "Heckman, Timothy M.", "Schommer, Robert" ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; , ,", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; , ,", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; , ,", "Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile;" ]
[ "1998ApJ...504..720B", "1998MNRAS.300..705M", "1998MNRAS.300.1091B", "1999ApJ...522..183M", "1999MNRAS.306...43S", "1999hxra.conf..193P", "2000A&A...361...33N", "2000A&ARv..10....1K", "2000A&AS..145...71K", "2000AJ....119.2645B", "2000AJ....119.2757V", "2000AJ....120.3027C", "2001AJ....121.2003V", "2001ASPC..249..457L", "2001ApJ...562..641B", "2001ApJS..133..321C", "2001ApJS..136..393C", "2001sgnf.conf...81M", "2002A&A...386..140V", "2002A&A...393..461P", "2002ApJ...577..164C", "2003A&A...397..545W", "2003A&A...410..481N", "2003AJ....125..593S", "2003AJ....126.2806C", "2003ApJ...593..312C", "2003MNRAS.339..225D", "2003RMxAC..16..285I", "2004ApJ...600..162V", "2004ApJ...607..274C", "2004ApJ...610..772C", "2004ApJ...614..698L", "2004MNRAS.351....1S", "2005A&A...434..849H", "2005AJ....129.1863K", "2005ApJ...618..247C", "2005ApJS..157..218C", "2005MNRAS.358.1453O", "2006A&A...457...45P", "2006ApJ...646..858S", "2006ApJS..165..307M", "2007A&A...467..541A", "2007A&A...472..421M", "2008A&A...491..113P", "2009A&A...501...75A", "2009AJ....138..130S", "2010ApJ...721..297M", "2012A&A...538A..61M", "2012A&A...547A..24C", "2012ApJ...759...77M", "2012ApJ...760..127M", "2012PhDT........20M", "2014A&A...564A.121C", "2015A&A...577A..21C", "2015MNRAS.451.1130L", "2016arXiv160904405C", "2017A&A...600A.125C", "2017A&A...603A.130M", "2017IAUS..329..322L", "2018A&A...610A..75C", "2021A&A...654A.142C", "2021arXiv210208240P", "2022A&A...664A.144C" ]
[ "1970ApJ...160..405S", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1977A&A....59...19S", "1977A&A....60...43D", "1978AJ.....83.1356D", "1979AJ.....84..472S", "1980AJ.....85..801S", "1981AJ.....86..344G", "1981ApJ...247..823T", "1982MNRAS.198..535B", "1982PASP...94..244G", "1983ApJ...274..125H", "1984AJ.....89..919S", "1984ARA&A..22...37G", "1984cupg.book.....L", "1985ApJ...295...73K", "1985ApJS...58..533H", "1986sfdg.conf...53B", "1986sfdg.conf..125A", "1987AJ.....94...43G", "1987AJ.....94..251B", "1988MNRAS.231P..63B", "1989ApJ...347..875S", "1989PhDT.......212M", "1989gcho.book.....H", "1990A&AS...82..391B", "1990ARA&A..28...37M", "1991A&AS...91..285T", "1991ApJ...379L..45S", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....103...60M", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJS...79...77S", "1993A&AS...98..297B", "1993AJ....105...97S", "1993AJ....106.1797H", "1994AJ....107.2021M", "1994MNRAS.269..176J", "1995ApJS...98..103S", "1995PhDT........99T", "1996A&A...314...59P", "1996A&AS..120..207P", "1996ApJS..107..103P", "1996PhDT........81M" ]
2048610
null
A test of Tully-Fisher distance estimates using Cepheids and SNIa
We make a direct test of Tully-Fisher distance estimates to 11 spiral galaxies with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cepheid distances, and to 12 spiral galaxies with Type Ia supernova (SNIa) distances. The HST Cepheid distances come from the work of Freedman, Sandage et al. and Tanvir et al. The SNIa distances come from Pierce, calibrated using the Cepheid results of Sandage et al. The Tully-Fisher distances mostly come from the work of Pierce. The results show that the Tully-Fisher distance moduli are too short with respect to the Cepheid distances by 0.41+/-0.14 mag, and too short with respect to the SNIa distances by 0.46+/-0.19 mag. Combining the HST Cepheid and SNIa data suggests that, overall, previous Tully-Fisher distances were too short by 0.43+/-0.11 mag, a result which is significant at the 3.8sigma level. The Tully-Fisher distance errors appear to increase as galaxy linewidth decreases, which may signify the presence of Malmquist bias. These data therefore indicate that previous Tully-Fisher distances at v~1000 km s^-1 should be revised upwards by ~22+/-6 per cent implying, for example, a Virgo distance of 19.0+/-1.8 Mpc. The value of H_0 from Tully-Fisher estimates is correspondingly revised downwards from H_0=84+/-10 to H_0=69+/-8 km s^-1 Mpc^-1.
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11.437799
1.938545
1997-10-01
34
1997MNRAS.290L..77S
[ "Cepheid distances", "Tully-Fisher distance", "The HST Cepheid distances", "Sandage et al", "galaxy linewidth decreases", "Cepheid", "v~1000 km s^-1", "the Cepheid distances", "that previous Tully-Fisher distances", "The Tully-Fisher distance errors" ]
[ "SUPERNOVAE: GENERAL", "CEPHEIDS", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/290.4.L77" ]
[ "Shanks, T." ]
[ "Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE" ]
[ "1998ApJ...495..115F", "1998ApJ...503..553W", "1998ApJ...506..116R", "1998MNRAS.295..319M", "1999A&A...345...59L", "1999A&ARv...9..221L", "1999ASPC..167..230S", "1999MNRAS.304..595G", "1999MNRAS.305..357S", "1999MNRAS.310...21P", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000ApJ...529..698S", "2000ApJ...533..744T", "2001A&A...368...16M", "2001A&A...372..824V", "2001ApJ...548..681B", "2001ApJS..137..139S", "2001astro.ph..2450S", "2002ASPC..283..274S", "2002MNRAS.334..797S", "2003A&A...397..115V", "2003AN....324..238S", "2003ApJ...586..794B", "2003JKAS...36...49A", "2003NewA....8...15S", "2003astro.ph..4030H", "2004A&A...425..849P", "2004AJ....128..163L", "2004MNRAS.347.1011A", "2005IAUS..216..398S", "2010JApA...31....3S", "2013MNRAS.428..625S", "2020ApJS..248....6D", "2022CoSka..52a..32E" ]
[ "1977A&A....54..661T", "1985ApJS...58...67T", "1986A&A...156..157B", "1986ApJ...302..536A", "1988ApJ...330..579P", "1988ApJ...331..605S", "1988ApJ...331..620K", "1989ApJ...344..715C", "1991PASP..103..933M", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1991trcb.book.....D", "1992AJ....103.1151C", "1992ApJ...387...47P", "1992ApJ...393..523P", "1994ApJ...425...14S", "1994ApJ...427..628F", "1994ApJ...430...13S", "1994ApJ...430...53P", "1995ApJ...438....8S", "1995Natur.377...27T", "1996AJ....112.2398H", "1996ApJ...460L..15S", "1996ApJ...463...60B", "1996ApJ...466...55S", "1996ApJ...470....1S", "1997ApJ...477L...1G", "1997MNRAS.286L...1F" ]
2051928
null
Dense Molecular Gas in Galaxies and the Evolution of Luminous Infrared Galaxies
This thesis explores the molecular gas (the raw material for star formation), especially the dense molecular gas content of luminous infrared galaxies (LIGs) and ``normal'' galaxies using millimeter line observations. Most LIGs are closely interacting/merging galaxies and ``normal'' spiral galaxies are believed to be the building blocks of LIGs. We here study and compare the distributions and masses of the total molecular gas and the dense molecular gas, traced by CO and HCN emission respectively, in LIGs, starburst galaxies and ``normal'' spiral galaxies. The molecular gas properties are then compared with the stages of galaxy- galaxy interaction and the far-IR luminosity to understand the star formation process and evolution of LIGs. We first study the dense molecular gas extent and distribution in ~ 10 nearby ``normal'' galaxies by mapping HCN emission (complementary with CO) at least along the major axes. We present the first detailed observational evidence that HCN emission in galaxies, \ie, the dense molecular gas, is not confined to the inner ~ 1 kpc nuclear region, although the highest concentrations of dense molecular gas are in the center. A significant fraction of dense molecular gas is distributed in the inner disks of galaxies outside the nuclear or inner ring starburst regions, and can be detected to radii as large as a few kpc, perhaps to diameters of ~ D_25/4. Then we have further surveyed HCN emission in more than ~ 40 relatively distant IR/CO bright ``normal'' galaxies and LIGs. Therefore, a statistically significant sample of HCN data in galaxies is established. We find that LIGs, especially ultraluminous ones, contain tremendous amount of dense molecular gas fueling the starbursts. Although LIGs are rich in molecular gas, some ``normal'' galaxies could have as much molecular gas as LIGs. However, the dense molecular gas content of even gas-rich ``normal'' galaxies is much less than that of LIGs of comparable molecular gas content. We show that HCN emission is better correlated with IR emission than that of CO. The total dense molecular content, the ratio of HCN/CO luminosity and the distribution of the surface brightness ratio I_HCN/I_CO are important high mass star formation indicators. We also confirm that the star formation efficiency indicated by L_IR/L_CO depends on the fraction of dense molecular gas (L_HCN/L_CO) and that the L_IR/L_HCN ratio is similar in all galaxies, ultraluminous or not, hot or cold in dust temperature, illustrating the starburst nature of ultraluminous IR galaxies. A second goal of this thesis is to study LIGs in the intermediate merging process, to determine the relationship between the various IR/CO properties and galaxy-galaxy interactions. We find a correlation between the CO luminosity and the projected separation of merger nuclei in a sample of more than ~ 50 LIG mergers, which suggests that the molecular content is decreasing as merging advances. Although the correlation is weak for the truly ultraluminous (L_IR&gt;10(12) ls ) IR mergers, which could simply be due to the incompleteness of the sample since ultraluminous mergers are at great distances, the correlation is better established with less luminous LIG mergers, more close to a volume-limited statistically complete sample. The correlation slope for this nearby almost complete sample is the same as that of the large, heterogeneous sample of 50 mergers. We conducted new CO observation in ~ 20 LIG mergers to provide the CO data for this statistically complete sample of nearby LIG mergers. This correlation seems to have important constraints on both the merger- induced star formation models and the evolution scenario of LIGs. We have also conducted high resolution interferometry CO imaging in two spectacular LIGs, Arp 118 and Arp 119. We detected strong CO emission from rings/tails more than 10 kpc away from the nuclei, and most molecular gas is extranuclear. Detailed study of the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas can provide the dynamical clues to the origin and evolution of these LIGs. Finally, we study the environment and spatial distribution of LIGs. We found that LIGs have stronger clustering than that of \IRAS galaxies, yet most of them are not inside the groups of galaxies. Using various previous studies along with our own present investigations, we suggest that some LIGs are remnants of the merged groups of gas-rich galaxies. (SECTION: Dissertation Summaries)
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12.901202
8.444852
1997-10-01
7
1997PASP..109.1189G
[ "dense molecular gas", "molecular gas", "comparable molecular gas content", "ultraluminous IR galaxies", "starburst galaxies", "galaxies", "\\IRAS galaxies", "strong CO emission", "luminous infrared galaxies", "galaxy- galaxy interaction" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1086/133994" ]
[ "Gao, Y." ]
[ "-" ]
[ "1996ARA&A..34..749S", "2001ApJ...551..651H", "2001ApJ...556..141D", "2004ApJ...606..271G", "2004ApJS..152...63G", "2008AJ....135.1207M", "2018arXiv180601951G" ]
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2048688
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Luminosity evolution, extragalactic background light and the opacity of the Universe
Recent observations of the evolution of the luminosity density of the Universe with look-back time and measurements of the extragalactic background light (EBL) can be used to constrain the apparent redshift of the peak in the luminosity density at optical, near-infrared (NIR) and far-infrared (FIR) wavelengths. The optical (450 nm) luminosity density is found to peak in the interval 1.0&lt;z&lt;1.8, the NIR (1000 nm) in 1.0&lt;z&lt;4.4 and the FIR (240-1000 μm) in 0.25&lt;z&lt;∞. From the observed spectral energy distribution in the FIR, we conclude that the EBL in the FIR is significantly affected by emission from sources at high redshift (z~4). The determined peaks in the luminosity density are difficult to reconcile with standard models of galaxy evolution. We suggest that the observations in the optical and the NIR may be affected by optical depth effects. Given the apparent evolution of the FIR luminosity density we conclude that the Universe becomes opaque at redshifts of z=1-3.
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12.757626
6.746259
1997-10-01
7
1997MNRAS.291...59D
[ "FIR", "the FIR luminosity density", "high redshift", "optical depth effects", "galaxy evolution", "NIR", "redshifts", "the luminosity density", "Universe", "EBL" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/291.1.59" ]
[ "Davies, J. I.", "Phillipps, S.", "Trewhella, M.", "Alton, P." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB", "Department of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB" ]
[ "1998MNRAS.300.1006D", "1999ASPC..170..365V", "2000ApJS..129..493H", "2000MNRAS.315..115D", "2016Ap&SS.361..198V", "2017MNRAS.465.1532V", "2018MNRAS.478..283V" ]
[ "1972gcpa.book.....W", "1978ApJ...226..609S", "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1984ApJ...278....1O", "1984ApJ...285...89D", "1986ApL....25...19P", "1990ApJ...360L...1C", "1990IAUS..139..257M", "1990MNRAS.242..318S", "1991A&AS...89..285F", "1991AJ....102..837S", "1991ApJ...370L...1B", "1991Natur.354..460C", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992MNRAS.256P..15O", "1993ApJ...402..479F", "1993MNRAS.263...86P", "1993MNRAS.263..123R", "1993MNRAS.263..343F", "1994MNRAS.267...13B", "1994MNRAS.267L...9M", "1994Natur.370..609C", "1995ApJS...96....9L", "1995Natur.375..469W", "1995osd..conf..363Z", "1996A&A...315...21V", "1996AJ....112..839C", "1996AJ....112.1794T", "1996ApJ...469..529D", "1996IAUS..171..221D", "1996MNRAS.280.1167E", "1996MNRAS.282.1247R", "1996Natur.381..581D", "1997MNRAS.286..732E", "1997MNRAS.288..679D" ]
2051899
null
US 3215: an Active gE2 Galaxy
The object US 3215 is an optically variable galaxy with very broad Balmer lines, relatively strong forbidden lines and a weak UV-excess continuum. It has been classed as a Seyfert 1 galaxy. We report that optical CCD images taken in excellent seeing reveal a central mini-quasar in an elliptical galaxy with a de Vaucouleurs profile extending across an angular diameter of \sim arcsec. This corresponds to a linear size of almost 50 kpc (Ho = 50 km /sec/Mpc). Our data indicate that the host galaxy is of type gE2 and is the gravitational center of a cluster of galaxies. A companion galaxy is observed at a projected distance of 24 kpc. H and K magnitudes were obtained and the index H - K is consistent with quasar colors. A VLA snapshot at 1425 MHz gives an upper limit to radio emission at a flux level of 0.2 mJy beam -1 that is consistent with the Sy 1 designation. Thus US 3215 appears to be an active broad-line cluster gE2 galaxy. (SECTION: Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei)
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14.950069
6.678712
1997-10-01
2
1997PASP..109.1149H
[ "galaxies", "optical CCD images", "radio emission", "quasar colors", "type gE2", "an active broad-line cluster gE2 galaxy", "an elliptical galaxy", "\\sim arcsec", "the host galaxy", "very broad Balmer lines" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: US 3215", "QUASARS: EMISSION LINE", "GALAXIES: ACTIVE" ]
0
[ "10.1086/133988" ]
[ "Howell, S.", "Pesce, Joseph E.", "Condon, J. J.", "Ciardullo, Robin", "Usher, P. D." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998A&A...332..449D", "2007ApJ...661L.139G" ]
[ "1953MNRAS.113..134D", "1981ApJ...250L..59H", "1981ApJS...46..117U", "1983ApJ...269..352S", "1983ApJ...273...24C", "1984A&A...136..206M", "1984AcASn..25..321H", "1984ApJ...280....7O", "1984ApJS...56..393H", "1989ARA&A..27..235K", "1989ApJ...336..606B", "1989ApJ...343..659U", "1990AJ....100...84D", "1990ApJ...348..141S", "1990ApJ...362...33H", "1991A&A...247..335V", "1992A&A...254L..29L", "1993ApJ...412..541S", "1993ApJS...87..135O", "1993PASP..105..383H", "1994ApJ...432...75A", "1994ApJ...435L..11B", "1994ApJS...95....1E", "1994cag..book.....S", "1995ApJ...454..654U", "1996AAS...189.3904B", "1996AJ....111..645F", "1996MNRAS.280..167J" ]
11623132
astro-ph/9707346
Non-parametric reconstruction of the galaxy lens in PG 1115+080
We describe a new, non-parametric method for reconstructing lensing mass distributions in multiple-image systems, and apply it to PG 1115+080, for which time delays have recently been measured. It turns out that the image positions and the ratio of time delays between different pairs of images constrain the mass distribution in a linear fashion. Since observational errors on image positions and time-delay ratios are constantly improving, we use these data as a rigid constraint in our modelling. In addition, we require the projected mass distributions to be inversion-symmetric and to have inward-pointing density gradients. With these realistic yet non-restrictive conditions it is very easy to produce mass distributions that fit the data precisely. We then present models, for H_0=42, 63 and 84 km s^-1 Mpc^-1, that in each case minimize mass-to-light variations while strictly obeying the lensing constraints. (Only a very rough light distribution is available at present.) All three values of H_0 are consistent with the lensing data, but require quite different morphologies for the lensing galaxy. If H_0 is low, the main lensing galaxy could be early-type. If H_0 is high, the galaxy is reconstructed as a late elliptical or nearly edge-on disc; a binary or merging system is also plausible.
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13.104576
3.988825
1997-11-01
84
1997MNRAS.292..148S
[ "lensing mass distributions", "mass distributions", "image positions", "time delays", "images", "different pairs", "the projected mass distributions", "the main lensing galaxy", "H_0", "time-delay ratios" ]
[ "Gravitational Lenses", "Quasars", "Mass Distribution", "Distance", "Galactic Structure", "Astrophysics", "QUASARS: INDIVIDUAL: PG 1115+080", "DISTANCE SCALE", "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1093/mnras/292.1.148", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9707346" ]
[ "Saha, Prasenjit", "Williams, Liliya L. R." ]
[ "Oxford, University", "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy" ]
[ "1998ApJ...509..551I", "1998MNRAS.294..734A", "1998lsst.conf..297K", "1999A&A...348L..41W", "1999ApJ...516...18R", "1999astro.ph..9248W", "2000A&A...356..391K", "2000AJ....119..439W", "2000ApJ...542...74K", "2000ApJ...544...98W", "2000MNRAS.311..389J", "2000PASJ...52...25I", "2001ASPC..237..133W", "2001ApJ...554.1216C", "2001ApJ...558..657M", "2001MNRAS.320..401Z", "2001astro.ph..2341K", "2002A&A...382..792C", "2002A&A...383...71B", "2002LNP...608....1C", "2002MNRAS.332..951W", "2002MNRAS.337L...6T", "2002sgdh.conf...50K", "2003AJ....125.2769S", "2003AJ....126...29R", "2003MNRAS.345.1351E", "2003astro.ph..4497C", "2004AJ....127.2604S", "2004AJ....128.2631W", "2004ApJ...612..660K", "2004MNRAS.354..343T", "2005A&A...431..103J", "2005MNRAS.360..477D", "2005MNRAS.362.1247D", "2005MNRAS.363.1136K", "2006A&A...450..461S", "2006ApJ...653..936S", "2006MNRAS.367.1209L", "2006PASJ...58..271K", "2007A&A...461..813C", "2007ApJ...663...29S", "2007ApJ...667..645R", "2007LRR....10....1A", "2007LRR....10....4J", "2007MNRAS.375..958D", "2007MNRAS.380.1729L", "2007NJPh....9..447J", "2008A&A...486...45G", "2008ApJ...679...17C", "2008ApJ...681..814C", "2008IAUS..244...26D", "2008IAUS..244..206F", "2008MNRAS.383..857F", "2009A&A...499..395P", "2009ApJ...690..154S", "2009MNRAS.395.1319J", "2009MNRAS.400L..90V", "2010ApJ...710..372G", "2010ApJ...723.1678C", "2010GReGr..42.2151K", "2010MNRAS.406.2764T", "2010MNRAS.408.1916Z", "2011A&A...535A.119P", "2011A&ARv..19...47K", "2012sf2a.conf..443C", "2013MNRAS.431.1528B", "2014A&A...564A.103S", "2014MNRAS.437.1858K", "2014MNRAS.445.2181C", "2015LRR....18....2J", "2015MNRAS.447.2170K", "2015PASJ...67...21M", "2017A&A...601A..77U", "2019Univ....5..177W", "2020MNRAS.492.3885D", "2020MNRAS.494.3253L", "2022A&A...658A...7B", "2022A&A...668A.155G", "2022MNRAS.511.1085Z", "2022arXiv221010790S", "2023ApJ...951....6A", "2023MNRAS.518.4494T", "2024A&A...682A.146R", "2024SSRv..220...12S" ]
[ "1980Natur.285..641W", "1981ApJ...244..723Y", "1981ApJ...248L...1H", "1982MNRAS.200..941N", "1985A&A...149L..13F", "1986A&A...158L...5V", "1986ApJ...303..605S", "1986ApJ...310..568B", "1986ApJS...61..305G", "1986Natur.321..139H", "1987ApJ...312...45C", "1990ApJ...364L..29T", "1990MNRAS.242..146F", "1991ApJ...373..354K", "1992AJ....104..935T", "1992PASP..104..599J", "1993AJ....106.1330K", "1993LIACo..31...85A", "1994ApJ...427..684M", "1994MNRAS.270..390C", "1996ApJ...461..593M", "1997AJ....114..507K", "1997ApJ...487...42K", "1997ApJ...489...21B", "1997MNRAS.291..211W", "1998AJ....115....1T" ]
11622926
astro-ph/9707177
On the enrichment of the intergalactic medium by galactic winds
Observations of metal lines in Lyalpha absorption systems of small H i column density and their ubiquitous nature suggest that the intergalactic medium (IGM) was enriched to about Z~0.01 Zsolar by a redshift z~3. We investigate the role of winds from small star-forming galaxies at high z in enriching the IGM. The existence of large numbers of small galaxies at high z follows naturally from hierarchical clustering theories (e.g., CDM). For analytical simplicity we assume that the galactic winds escape the galaxies at a single characteristic redshift z_in, and we model the galactic winds as spherical shock waves propagating through the IGM. We then calculate the probability distribution of the metallicity of the IGM, as a function of time (for different values of z_in), adopting plausible galaxy mass functions (from Press-Schechter formalism), cooling physics, star formation efficiencies, gas ejection dynamics, and nucleosynthesis yields. We compare this expected distribution with the observed distribution of metallicities in the Lyalpha forest at z=3, with the metal-poor stars in the halo of our Galaxy, and with other observational constraints on such a scenario. We find that galactic winds at high z could have enriched the IGM to a mean metallicity of Z~0.01 Zsolar at z~3, with a standard deviation of the same order, if z_in&lt;~5, and that this satisfies all the observational constraints.
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12.94875
8.071713
1997-11-01
72
1997MNRAS.291..505N
[ "small galaxies", "galactic winds", "plausible galaxy mass functions", "high z", "small H", "winds", "IGM", "other observational constraints", "Lyalpha absorption systems", "Z~0.01 Zsolar" ]
[ "Intergalactic Media", "Milky Way Galaxy", "Stellar Winds", "Galactic Evolution", "Metallicity", "H I Regions", "Stellar Composition", "Galactic Halos", "Line Spectra", "Lyman Alpha Radiation", "Astrophysics", "STARS: ABUNDANCES", "GALAXY: HALO", "GALAXIES: ABUNDANCES", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM", "EARLY UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1093/mnras/291.3.505", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9707177" ]
[ "Nath, Biman B.", "Trentham, Neil" ]
[ "Inter-Univ. Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics", "Hawaii, Univ., Honolulu" ]
[ "1998A&A...330..833P", "1998AJ....115.1725B", "1998ApJ...499L..17F", "1998ApJ...508..200T", "1998PASA...15..299M", "1999ASSL..240...51Y", "1999MNRAS.303....1N", "1999Prama..53.1021N", "2000AJ....120.1175E", "2000MNRAS.319..539F", "2001ASPC..240..345H", "2001ASSL..264..183S", "2001ApJ...549...28S", "2001ApJ...553..499O", "2001ApJ...555...92M", "2001ApJ...557..605S", "2001ApJ...561..521A", "2001MNRAS.321..450T", "2001MNRAS.324..537M", "2001MNRAS.327..296M", "2001PASP..113.1449C", "2001PhR...349..125B", "2002A&AT...21..131S", "2002ApJ...568..689S", "2002ApJ...570..588R", "2002ApJ...571...40M", "2003ApJ...584...45A", "2003ApJ...588...18F", "2003ApJ...596..253S", "2003MNRAS.339..289S", "2003PASJ...55..879Y", "2004A&A...419...19S", "2004MNRAS.347..985P", "2005ApJ...618..178C", "2005ApJ...635...86C", "2006astro.ph..3360L", "2007arXiv0707.1700F", "2009AstBu..64..317V", "2009NewA...14..591S", "2010AJ....140..817F", "2010MNRAS.402.2778S", "2010MNRAS.404.1425J", "2010RAA....10..301C", "2010arXiv1006.5728A", "2011ApJ...736L..27S", "2012ApJ...750...55S", "2012MNRAS.420..829O", "2012MNRAS.423.2374U", "2013Ap&SS.346...31S", "2013MNRAS.434.1151V", "2014IAUS..296..253N", "2014MNRAS.441..431S", "2015MNRAS.448..328S", "2016ApJ...818L..24S", "2016ApJ...824..122K", "2016MNRAS.463...84A", "2017ApJ...840...71K", "2017MNRAS.467.1154S", "2018MNRAS.475.5513V", "2018MNRAS.478.3266M", "2019MNRAS.484.1645O", "2020ApJ...890....5C", "2020ApJ...904...23K", "2020MNRAS.491.5621W", "2021ApJ...921...91D", "2021MNRAS.504..583S", "2022ApJ...940...44S", "2022MNRAS.514..826D", "2022MNRAS.517.4081K", "2023MNRAS.520.2922Y", "2023PhyU...66.1071S", "2024MNRAS.531.2757J" ]
[ "1962ApJ...136..748E", "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1979PASJ...31..181S", "1981A&A....97..280Y", "1981A&A....97..391T", "1982ASIC...90...79W", "1984ApJ...277..445C", "1984Natur.311..517B", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1986MNRAS.221...53C", "1987A&A...188...13Y", "1987ApJ...315L...5M", "1987ApJ...321...49T", "1987ApJ...321L.107S", "1987ApJ...322L..59S", "1988A&A...189..194G", "1988ApJ...327..570B", "1988MNRAS.235..827B", "1989A&A...209..211M", "1989ARA&A..27..139H", "1990AJ....100..127P", "1990ApJ...350....1M", "1990ApJ...360..352Y", "1990ApJS...74..833H", "1990MNRAS.243..133P", "1991AJ....101.1865R", "1991AJ....102..303R", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1991Natur.354..460C", "1992A&A...254...49A", "1992A&A...264...75V", "1992ApJ...400....1G", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1992MNRAS.256P..43E", "1993AJ....105..510M", "1993ApJ...417...54T", "1994ApJ...433L..53M", "1994ApJS...91....1B", "1994MNRAS.269..563F", "1994Natur.372..157T", "1995A&A...304...11M", "1995AJ....109.1522C", "1995ApJ...442..480T", "1995ApJ...454..604N", "1995ApJ...454L..19L", "1995AstL...21..835V", "1995MNRAS.273.1016C", "1995Natur.375..124S", "1995Natur.377..603C", "1995qal..conf..289T", "1996AJ....112..335S", "1996ARA&A..34..749S", "1996ApJ...457..551M", "1996ApJ...465..548V", "1996ApJ...466..686M", "1996ApJ...466..695L", "1996ApJ...471..254R", "1996ApJ...473L..99N", "1996ApJS..102..191G", "1996ApJS..107..475L", "1996NewA....1....1E", "1997ApJ...474....1T", "1997ApJ...476..458H", "1997ApJ...478L..57M", "1997ApJ...480....6B", "1997ApJ...481..601R", "1997ApJ...486..581G" ]
11616607
astro-ph/9705224
A Galaxy-weighted Measure of the Relative Peculiar-Velocity Dispersion
The relative pair dispersion of galaxies has for the past decade been the standard measure of the thermal energy of fluctuations in the observed galaxy distribution. This statistic is known to be unstable, since it is a pair-weighted measure that is very sensitive to rare, rich clusters of galaxies. As a more stable alternative, we present here a single-particle-weighted statistic σ<SUB>1</SUB>, which can be considered as an estimate of the one-dimensional rms peculiar-velocity dispersion of galaxies relative to their neighbors and which can be interpreted by means of a filtered version of the cosmic energy equation. We calculate this statistic for the all-sky survey of IRAS galaxies, finding σ<SUB>1</SUB> = 95 +/- 16 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. The UGC catalog yields a higher value, σ<SUB>1</SUB> = 130 +/- 15 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. We calibrate our procedure by means of mock catalogs constructed from N-body simulations and find that our method is stable and has modest biases which can easily be corrected. We use the measured values of σ<SUB>1</SUB> in a filtered Layzer-Irvine equation to obtain an estimate of Ω∼≡Ω/b<SUP>2</SUP>. We find that Ω∼~0.14+/-0.05 for both the IRAS and UGC catalogs, which is slightly lower than other recent determinations but is consistent with a trend of an effective Ω that increases gradually with scale.
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11.76762
3.034729
1997-11-01
52
1997ApJ...490...63D
[ "IRAS galaxies", "galaxies", "mock catalogs", "σ", "other recent determinations", "means", "modest biases", "IRAS", "UGC", "the observed galaxy distribution" ]
[ "Galaxies: Distances and Redshifts", "Methods: Statistical", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1086/304870", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9705224" ]
[ "Davis, Marc", "Miller, Amber", "White, Simon D. M." ]
[ "Departments of Astronomy and Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411", "Department of Physics, Princeton University, P.O. Box 708, Princeton, NJ 08544-0708", "MPI für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzchild-Strasse 1, 85740 Garching bei München, Germany;" ]
[ "1998ARA&A..36..599B", "1998ASSL..231..185H", "1998ApJ...494...20S", "1998ApJ...494L.133L", "1998ApJ...503..483Z", "1998ApJ...503..531H", "1998ApJ...507...64W", "1998CQGra..15.2589S", "1998PNAS...95...78D", "1998astro.ph.12258D", "1998astro.ph.12377E", "1999ApJ...520...24D", "1999MNRAS.307..537D", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000ASPC..201....3S", "2000ASPC..201...70T", "2000ASPC..201..186B", "2000ApJ...528....1N", "2000ApJ...530..625T", "2000ApJ...536..112B", "2000ApJ...543L.107P", "2000MNRAS.318..665D", "2000PhR...333..147D", "2000PhRvD..61l3001R", "2001ASPC..252..201P", "2001ApJ...553..513N", "2001ApJ...555..106L", "2001ApJ...556..601W", "2001MNRAS.322..901S", "2001MNRAS.325.1288S", "2001MNRAS.325.1389J", "2001PASP..113.1312C", "2002ApJ...567L...1L", "2002ApJ...571..172Z", "2002MNRAS.330..506H", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2002PhR...372....1C", "2003A&A...399..441M", "2004RvMP...76.1211J", "2006astro.ph..2575N", "2007ApJ...670L...1L", "2007arXiv0705.0368W", "2008AJ....135..467V", "2008ApJ...681..798L", "2009MNRAS.397.2070M", "2012PhRvD..85f3504A", "2013PhRvD..88d3514A", "2019arXiv190803467L", "2020ApJ...891L...1P", "2021ApJ...910...32C", "2021MNRAS.501.3472L", "2024arXiv240406537M" ]
[ "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1975MNRAS.172P..23F", "1977ApJS...34..425D", "1978ApJ...221....1D", "1979AJ.....84..730P", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1981ApJ...248..885P", "1981ApJ...251..477R", "1981rsac.book.....S", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983MNRAS.205..605B", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1987MNRAS.225..505N", "1988ApJ...332...44D", "1989ApJ...344...57R", "1989ApJ...346L..49J", "1989MNRAS.237..569H", "1990ApJ...348..378O", "1990ApJ...352L..29C", "1993ApJ...412....1D", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1993cvf..conf..281B", "1994ApJ...422L..45N", "1994ApJ...427..527S", "1994ApJ...431..559Z", "1994ApJ...435..599Z", "1994ApJ...436..467G", "1994ApJ...436..491G", "1994MNRAS.266...50F", "1994MNRAS.267..927F", "1994cdm..conf...81P", "1995AJ....110..477M", "1995ApJ...441L...9B", "1995ApJ...444....1K", "1995ApJ...446..457S", "1995ApJS..100...69F", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1996A&A...307....1B", "1996ApJ...461...38S", "1996ApJ...461..546C", "1996ApJ...462...32C", "1996ApJ...463..395G", "1996ApJ...464L.103B", "1996ApJ...470..172S", "1996ApJ...473...22D", "1996MNRAS.279L...1F", "1997ApJ...478L..53Z", "1997ApJ...479..616S", "1997ApJ...486..629W", "1997MNRAS.286..795K", "1997MNRAS.286..979M", "1997MNRAS.289...37C", "1997NewA....2...91G", "1997NewA....2..165K", "1997cdc..conf..535P" ]
11615011
astro-ph/9706239
X-ray analysis of Abell 2634 and its central galaxy 3C 465.
An analysis of a ROSAT/PSPC observation of the galaxy cluster A2634 is presented. The cluster has a luminosity of 7.9+/-0.1x10^43^erg/s in the ROSAT band (0.1-2.4keV). The temperature profile decreases from about 3keV in the outer parts to 1.2keV in the centre. Within a radius of 1.5Mpc the gas mass of the cluster is 0.51x10^14^M<SUB>sun</SUB>_ and the total mass amounts to 4.1^+2.6^_-1.8_x10^14^M<SUB>sun</SUB>_. The X-ray morphology shows two peculiar features - a strongly peaked emission in the centre and an excess emission in the south-west. The central emission probably originates from a weak cooling flow, the SW emission is possibly associated with higher density regions in pressure equilibrium with the intra-cluster medium. This region of excess emission is somewhat embraced by the wide-angle radio tails associated with 3C465 suggesting that the overpressure of the relativistic particles has displaced the thermal gas.
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13.780096
5.071971
1997-11-01
25
1997A&A...327...37S
[ "excess emission", "higher density regions", "pressure equilibrium", "ROSAT", "7.9+/-0.1x10", "an excess emission", "the galaxy cluster A2634", "the SW emission", "SW", "The X-ray morphology" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: A 2634", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: 3C 465", "INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM", "DARK MATTER", "X-RAYS: GALAXIES", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9706239" ]
[ "Schindler, S.", "Prieto, M. A." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.2728S", "1998ApJ...505...74G", "1998MNRAS.298..569H", "1998MNRAS.300..967B", "1999A&A...343..420S", "1999ApJ...516..604H", "1999ApJ...516..647A", "1999ApJ...520...87N", "1999MNRAS.305..417S", "2000MNRAS.311..649S", "2000MNRAS.313..617L", "2000MNRAS.318..493C", "2002ApJ...567..202E", "2003A&A...412..373V", "2003astro.ph..1576F", "2004MNRAS.349..560H", "2005MNRAS.359.1007H", "2007A&A...463..153T", "2016ApJ...832...39L", "2017ApJ...839...14G", "2020AJ....160..152G", "2020MNRAS.496..676B", "2023A&A...670A..23U", "2023ApJ...957...80C", "2023Galax..11...67O" ]
[ "1973MNRAS.164..271R", "1976A&A....49..137C", "1977ApJS...35..419R", "1982ARA&A..20..547F", "1983MNRAS.204..151L", "1984ApJ...276...38J", "1984ApJ...278...37E", "1984ApJ...278..536S", "1990ARA&A..28..215D", "1991A&A...246L..10B", "1991MNRAS.252..414E", "1991MNRAS.252..428E", "1992A&A...254...49A", "1993A&A...272..137S", "1993ASPC...51..407B", "1993ApJ...412..479D", "1993ApJ...413..492M", "1993ApJ...415L..17L", "1993ApJ...416...36P", "1993MNRAS.264L..25B", "1994ApJS...91..507D", "1994MNRAS.267..779F", "1994Natur.368..828B", "1995ApJ...444...41S", "1995ApJ...453...40B", "1995ApJ...454..735V", "1995MNRAS.272..665R", "1995MNRAS.274L..67B", "1996A&A...305..756S", "1996A&A...313..113S", "1996ApJ...467..168B", "1996ApJ...469..494E", "1996MNRAS.280..309S", "1996rftu.proc..621W", "1996uxsa.conf..375T", "1997MNRAS.289..123N" ]
11623031
astro-ph/9709049
The double quasar Q2138-431: lensing by a dark galaxy?
We report the discovery of a new gravitational lens candidate Q2138-431AB, comprising two quasar images at a redshift of 1.641, separated by 4.5 arcsec. The spectra of the two images are very similar, and the redshifts agree to better than 115 km s^-1. The two images have magnitudes B_J=19.8 and 21.0, and, in spite of a deep search and image subtraction procedure, no lensing galaxy has been found with R&lt;23.8. Modelling of the system configuration implies that the mass-to-light ratio of any lensing galaxy is likely to be around 1000 Msolar/Lsolar, with an absolute lower limit of 200 Msolar/Lsolar for an Einstein-de Sitter universe. We conclude that the most likely explanation of the observations is gravitational lensing by a dark galaxy, although it is possible we are seeing a binary quasar.
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13.904897
4.334102
1997-11-01
11
1997MNRAS.291..811H
[ "image subtraction procedure", "no lensing galaxy", "light", "a new gravitational lens candidate Q2138-431AB", "B_J=19.8", "spite", "two quasar images", "any lensing galaxy", "a dark galaxy", "magnitudes" ]
[ "Quasars", "Gravitational Lenses", "Galaxies", "Red Shift", "Halos", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: HALOES", "QUASARS: INDIVIDUAL: Q2138-431", "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1093/mnras/291.4.811", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9709049" ]
[ "Hawkins, M. R. S.", "Clements, D.", "Fried, J. W.", "Heavens, A. F.", "Veron, P.", "Minty, E. M.", "van der Werf, P." ]
[ "Royal Observatory", "ESO", "Max-Planck-Inst. für Astronomie", "Edinburgh, University", "Haute-Provence, Observatoire, St.-Michel-l'Observatoire", "Edinburgh, University", "Leiden" ]
[ "1997astro.ph.10165K", "1998A&A...334L..33J", "1999ApJ...510..590K", "1999ApJ...524..572P", "1999MNRAS.309..836M", "2002ApJ...572..705R", "2002IAUS..187..129H", "2002MPLA...17.1685S", "2006AJ....131....1H", "2008ApJ...688...43R", "2021MNRAS.503.3848H" ]
[ "1964MNRAS.128..307R", "1979Natur.279..381W", "1984ApJ...284....1T", "1986AJ.....91.1274T", "1990ApJ...356..359H", "1991AJ....102.1627M", "1992ApJ...391L...5V", "1992MNRAS.254..295C", "1992grle.book.....S", "1993AJ....105..816B", "1994A&A...287....1B", "1994IAUS..161..177H", "1995ApJ...438...72S", "1995ApJ...449...18M", "1995MNRAS.275.1102H", "1996A&A...314...73P", "1996MNRAS.278..787H", "1996MNRAS.281..348H" ]
11616570
astro-ph/9706289
Quasar-Galaxy Associations from Gravitational Lensing: Revisited
The theoretically expected amplitude of the associations of background quasars with foreground galaxies as a result of gravitational lensing has been updated in this paper. Since the galactic matter alone yields an amplitude of quasar overdensity smaller than that observed, special attention has been paid to the examination or reexamination of the uncertainties in the estimate of the quasar enhancement factor arising from the cosmic evolution of galaxies, the core radius and velocity bias of galactic matter distributions, the clusters of galaxies, the obstruction effect by galactic disks, the nonzero cosmological constant, etc. Unfortunately, none of these factors has been shown to be able to improve the situation significantly, although a combination of some effects may provide a result that marginally agrees with observations. It is concluded that the quasar-galaxy association remains an unsolved puzzle in today's astronomy, if the reported quasar-galaxy associations are not due to the statistical variations and/or the observed quasar number counts as a whole have not been seriously contaminated by gravitational lensing.
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12.870292
3.810398
1997-11-01
11
1997ApJ...490...31Z
[ "foreground galaxies", "quasar overdensity", "galaxies", "galactic matter distributions", "galactic disks", "the observed quasar number counts", "special attention", "background quasars", "the quasar enhancement factor", "the reported quasar-galaxy associations" ]
[ "Cosmology: Theory", "Galaxies: General", "Cosmology: Gravitational Lensing", "Galaxies: Quasars: General", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1086/304837", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9706289" ]
[ "Zhu, Zong-Hong", "Wu, Xiang-Ping", "Fang, Li-Zhi" ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China", "Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; and Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China", "Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721" ]
[ "1998A&A...335...69C", "1998ChPhL..15..617Z", "1998IJMPD...7..463Z", "1999Ap&SS.268..483Z", "2001ApJ...549..780A", "2006AIPC..822...75L", "2007A&A...461...59L", "2007AstL...33..355B", "2008ARep...52..517K", "2008pc1..conf..187B", "2010vaoa.conf..196L" ]
[ "1977ARA&A..15..505B", "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1984ApJ...281...95P", "1984ApJ...284....1T", "1988ApJ...324L..37G", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1988MNRAS.235..827B", "1988MNRAS.235..935B", "1988Natur.336..358W", "1989A&A...221..221S", "1989ApJ...339L..53N", "1991MNRAS.253...99F", "1992ApJ...393....3F", "1992Natur.355...55B", "1993A&A...268....1B", "1993ApJ...407L..49B", "1993ApJ...419...12K", "1993LIACo..31..237V", "1993MNRAS.260..202H", "1993MNRAS.262..187W", "1994A&A...286..748W", "1994A&A...287..733D", "1994ApJ...435...49R", "1994ApJ...436...56K", "1996ApJ...461L...5W", "1996ApJ...466..638K", "1996ApJ...471..575W", "1996FCPh...17....1W" ]
11623088
astro-ph/9709283
Image separation versus redshift of lensed QSOs: implications for galaxy mass profiles
Recently, Park and Gott reported an interesting observation: image separation of lensed QSOs declines with QSO redshift more precipitously than expected in any realistic world model, if the lenses are taken to be either singular isothermal spheres or point masses. In this letter I propose that the observed trend arises naturally if the lensing galaxies have logarithmic surface mass density profiles that gradually change with radius. If the observed lack of central (odd) images is also taken into account, the data favour a universal dark matter density profile over an isothermal sphere with a core. Since the trend of image separation versus source redshift is mostly a reflection of galaxy properties, it cannot be straightforwardly used as a test of cosmological models. Furthermore, the current upper limits on the cosmological constant may have to be revised.
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12.735804
3.917386
1997-11-01
13
1997MNRAS.292L..27W
[ "image separation", "logarithmic surface mass density profiles", "isothermal spheres", "cosmological models", "galaxy properties", "QSO redshift", "source redshift", "lensed QSOs", "a universal dark matter density profile", "point masses" ]
[ "Quasars", "Gravitational Lenses", "Galactic Structure", "Mass", "Images", "Separation", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS", "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1093/mnras/292.1.L27", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9709283" ]
[ "Williams, Liliya L. R." ]
[ "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy" ]
[ "1997STIN...9936147P", "1997astro.ph.10165K", "1998MNRAS.298..395H", "1999ApJ...510..590K", "1999MNRAS.309..836M", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000AJ....120.1654S", "2001ApJ...550..153K", "2003JKAS...36...97P", "2004IJMPD..13.1005D", "2004MNRAS.350..167M", "2014MNRAS.441.1916B", "2015JKAS...48...83H" ]
[ "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1985ApJ...292..104L", "1989ARA&A..27..235K", "1989ApJ...338....1G", "1990ApJ...365L..43T", "1990MNRAS.243....1B", "1992ApJ...393....3F", "1992grle.book.....S", "1993ApJ...403..517W", "1993ApJ...406L..43H", "1993ApJ...416..425M", "1995ApJ...447L...5M", "1995ApJ...455..108L", "1995MNRAS.275..720N", "1996A&A...313..697B", "1996ApJ...462..563N", "1996ApJ...466..638K", "1997ApJ...480L.103E", "1997ApJ...489..476P" ]
2028115
null
Interstellar Abundance Gradients in NGC 2403: Comparison to M33
We present new long-slit spectra of 12 H II regions in the Scd spiral galaxy NGC 2403. Gas-phase element abundances for O, N, S, Ne, and Ar were estimated using direct measurements of electron temperature based on detections of [O III] λ4363, [S III] λ6312, and [O II] λ7320-7330, and from theoretical photoionization analysis. We find abundance gradients for O/H and N/O of -0.102 +/- 0.009 dex kpc<SUP>-1</SUP> and -0.032 +/- 0.005 dex kpc<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The relatively flat N/O gradient suggest a significant source of primary nitrogen. An upper limit for the C/O ratio for one H II region was determined from a Hubble Space Telescope FOS spectrum. A mild outward increasing gradient in S/O is seen at marginal significance (0.03 +/- 0.02 dex kpc<SUP>-1</SUP>). <P />We compare the abundance gradient and effective oxygen yield deduced for NGC 2403 with those determined for M33, another Scd galaxy with very similar structural parameters. We find close agreement in most of the chemical properties between NGC 2403 and M33. However, the effective yield for oxygen determined from closed box chemical evolution calculations is higher in M33 than in NGC 2403. The higher yield derived for M33 is similar to the case of H I-deficient Virgo spiral galaxies. <P />We also compare NGC 2403 and M33 with a larger sample of unbarred spirals having abundance measurements. The global metallicity of the spirals correlates well with galaxy luminosity, as already noted from earlier investigations. The O/H gradient per unit disk scale length does not correlate with galaxy luminosity with possibly small intrinsic scatter, suggesting that spiral galaxies are homologous with regard to chemical evolution. The correlation between gas abundances and local surface brightness (mass density) in late-type spirals appears to be described well by chemical evolution models incorporating self-regulating star formation. However, the characteristic abundance at a given value of surface brightness correlates with galaxy luminosity. This suggests that an additional parameter which scales with galaxy mass influences the chemical properties of disks. <P />Based in part on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
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11.025546
8.458294
1997-11-01
275
1997ApJ...489...63G
[ "abundance gradients", "galaxy luminosity", "spiral galaxies", "galaxy mass influences", "abundance measurements", "gas abundances", "ESA Hubble Space Telescope", "chemical evolution models", "chemical evolution", "effective oxygen yield" ]
[ "Galaxies: Abundances", "Galaxies: Individual: Messier Number: M33", "Galaxies: Individual: NGC Number: NGC 2403", "Galaxies: ISM", "Galaxies: Spiral" ]
5
[ "10.1086/304775" ]
[ "Garnett, D. R.", "Shields, G. A.", "Skillman, E. D.", "Sagan, S. P.", "Dufour, R. J." ]
[ "Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under contract with the National Science Foundation.; Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.", "Astronomy Department, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712.", "Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under contract with the National Science Foundation.; Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.", "Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.", "Department of Space Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892." ]
[ "1998AJ....116..673F", "1998AJ....116.2757B", "1998AJ....116.2776O", "1998AJ....116.2805V", "1998ASPC..147...78G", "1998ASPC..147...98V", "1998ASPC..147..108K", "1998ASPC..147..268M", "1998ApJ...497L...1V", "1998ApJ...505..793M", "1999A&A...351...10I", "1999AJ....118..670R", "1999AJ....118.2775G", "1999ASPC..170..169S", "1999ASPC..170..383E", "1999ApJ...513..168G", "1999ApJ...513..695M", "1999ApJ...514..781M", "1999ApJ...519..165G", "1999MNRAS.308..447G", "1999cezh.conf..139G", "1999cezh.conf..154M", "2000A&A...358...72P", "2000A&A...362..325P", "2000A&A...363..537R", "2000AJ....119..748D", "2000ASPC..195..128G", "2000ASPC..215...53B", "2000ASSL..255..323S", "2000ApJ...539..687O", "2000ApJS..128..511O", "2000ESASP.445...61P", "2000MNRAS.311..329D", "2000MNRAS.312..130D", "2000MNRAS.313..338P", "2000MNRAS.315...82P", "2000MNRAS.319..235B", "2000NewAR..44..275S", "2000immm.proc..131M", "2001A&A...367...86S", "2001A&A...369..594P", "2001A&A...371..433I", "2001A&A...374..412P", "2001AJ....121..710S", "2001AJ....121.2095Q", "2001ARep...45..854W", "2001ASPC..230..353G", "2001Ap&SS.276..999S", "2001ApJ...550..612F", "2001ApSSS.277..441P", "2001MNRAS.325..321B", "2002A&A...381L..25M", "2002A&A...390..561M", "2002AJ....123.1438D", "2002AJ....123.2302M", "2002AJ....123.3055M", "2002AJ....124.3305M", "2002Ap&SS.281..183M", "2002Ap.....45..253T", "2002ApJ...581.1002N", "2002ApJ...581.1019G", "2002ApJS..141...81M", "2002MNRAS.330...69D", "2002PhDT.........2M", "2002RMxAC..12...62S", "2002RMxAC..12..183G", "2002astro.ph..3399M", "2002astro.ph.12263P", "2003A&A...397...99R", "2003A&A...397..109P", "2003A&A...397..487P", "2003A&A...399.1003P", "2003A&A...404..495I", "2003A&A...410...83H", "2003AJ....125.3046D", "2003ARA&A..41...15M", "2003Ap&SS.284..767M", "2003ApJ...583..124S", "2003ApJ...587..278W", "2003ApJ...591..801K", "2003ApJ...593..235W", "2003MNRAS.339...63C", "2003MNRAS.346.1215B", "2003astro.ph..2093M", "2004A&A...418..475M", "2004A&A...425..849P", 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"2014AJ....147..131P", "2014AJ....148..134P", "2014AcASn..55...29K", "2014AdAst2014E..13M", "2014ChA&A..38..427K", "2014MNRAS.443.2695S", "2014MNRAS.444.2005R", "2015ApJ...812..160L", "2015MNRAS.448.2030H", "2015MNRAS.450..342K", "2015MNRAS.454.3664B", "2015arXiv150604238R", "2016A&A...587A..70S", "2016A&A...591A..48G", "2016A&A...592A..93T", "2016A&A...595A..62P", "2016ApJ...827..126B", "2016AstRv..12....1L", "2016MNRAS.456.4407D", "2016MNRAS.458.1866T", "2017ApJ...837..120G", "2017MNRAS.466..726D", "2017MNRAS.469..151B", "2017MNRAS.469.1636K", "2017PhDT........64B", "2017arXiv170102507L", "2018A&A...618A.160L", "2018ApJ...853..151M", "2018MNRAS.479.2294D", "2018arXiv181001102K", "2019A&A...623A.122P", "2019ARA&A..57..511K", "2019ApJ...887...80K", "2019ApJS..241...35R", "2019INASR...3..311K", "2019MNRAS.483.3322P", "2019MNRAS.488.3826B", "2019MNRAS.489.1249L", "2020ApJ...893...96B", "2020MNRAS.495.3819A", "2020MNRAS.496.3209D", "2020rfma.book...89G", "2021ApJ...907...18R", "2021ApJ...908..154R", "2021ApJ...909..113L", "2021ApJ...915...21R", "2021ApJ...921....8P", "2021MNRAS.500.2359Z", "2021MNRAS.500.2380Z", "2021MNRAS.506.3024H", "2021MNRAS.508.1084K", "2022A&A...658A.188S", "2022ApJ...928..139Z", "2022ApJ...929..118G", "2022MNRAS.511.4377D", "2023A&A...679A..83K", "2023MNRAS.521.1969D", "2023NewA..10001992S", "2024A&A...685A..81G", "2024arXiv240406613A" ]
[ "1959ApJ...130..728D", "1963ApJ...137..758S", "1965AnAp...28..698V", "1967ApJ...150..825P", "1968ApJ...151..825T", "1972ApJ...173...25S", "1973A&A....22...91H", "1974ApJS...27...21O", "1975ApJ...199..591S", "1977PASJ...29..567O", "1978ApJ...222..821S", "1980MNRAS.190..689N", "1981A&A....94..175R", "1981A&A....96..215G", "1981MNRAS.195..939K", "1982ApJ...261..195M", "1982PhDT........35M", "1983AJ.....88..296H", "1983MNRAS.203..301H", "1983MNRAS.204...53S", "1984A&A...132..389P", "1984ApJ...285..174P", "1984MNRAS.211..507E", "1984PhDT.......206S", "1985ApJ...291..247M", "1985ApJ...295L...5D", "1985ApJS...57....1M", "1985IAUS..106..587T", "1985MNRAS.217..391M", "1985NASRP1155.....W", "1986A&A...158...60D", "1986A&AS...64..545N", "1986A&AS...66..505W", "1986ApJ...307..431D", "1986ApJ...309..334R", "1986PASP...98.1032F", "1987AJ.....93..816K", "1987AJ.....94..306K", "1987ApJ...315..451C", "1987ApJ...317...82G", "1987ApJ...320..573L", "1987JRASC..81..195D", "1987MNRAS.224..801H", "1987MNRAS.226..341J", "1987PhDT.......199B", "1987PhDT.......209B", "1988ApJ...332L..63F", "1988MNRAS.235..633V", "1989AJ.....97..390C", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1989ApJ...345..186T", "1989ApJ...345..245C", "1989ApJ...345..282G", "1989ApJ...347..743W", "1989ApJ...347..875S", "1989GeCoA..53..197A", "1990A&A...237...23S", "1990A&AS...83..501S", "1990ARA&A..28..525S", "1990ApJ...363..142G", "1990MNRAS.246..678E", "1991ApJ...372..455F", "1991MNRAS.251...84P", "1991MNRAS.253..245D", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....103.1330G", "1992AJ....104.1714G", "1992ApJ...385..512W", "1992MNRAS.255..325P", "1992MNRAS.259..121V", "1993ApJ...411..655S", "1993RMxAA..27....9P", "1994ApJ...420...87Z", "1994ApJ...424..599M", "1994ApJ...429..582C", "1994ApJ...430..163D", "1994ApJ...431..172S", "1994ApJ...434..536R", "1994PhDT.......221K", "1995ApJ...443...64G", "1995ApJ...444..610R", "1995ApJ...444..721S", "1995ApJ...447..616T", "1995ApJ...448L..17Z", "1995ApJ...449L..77G", "1995MNRAS.272..241E", "1995PASP..107..896S", "1995RMxAC...3..207M", "1995chst.conf...41K", "1996A&A...305L..37S", "1996ApJ...456..504K", "1996ApJ...462..147S", "1996ApJ...466..668M", "1996ApJ...469L..89D", "1996ApJS..106..205K", "1996hbic.book.....F" ]
2028116
null
Far-Infrared Abundance Measurements in the Outer Galaxy
Five H II regions at large distances from the center of the Galaxy (R = 13-17 kpc) have been observed in the far-IR emission lines of [O III] (52 and 88 μm), [N III] (57 μm), and [S III] (19 μm) using the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. These observations have been combined with Very Large Array radio continuum observations of these sources to determine the abundances of O<SUP>++</SUP>, N<SUP>++</SUP>, and S<SUP>++</SUP> relative to hydrogen. A simple ionization correction scheme has been used to determine the total abundances of nitrogen and sulfur relative to hydrogen, as well as the relative abundance N/O. For the two sources in common with previous optical studies (S127 and S128), we find good agreement between the far-infrared and optical determinations of N/H, S/H, and N/O. <P />Our results from the outer Galaxy have been combined with previous far-infrared results to determine the abundance gradient of these elements in the Milky Way over a range of Galactocentric radii from R = 0 to R = 17 kpc. Our results are consistent with a gradient of log N/H = -0.111 +/- 0.012 dex kpc<SUP>-1</SUP> and a gradient of log S/H = -0.079 +/- 0.009 dex kpc<SUP>-1</SUP>. Our method is not able to determine independently the abundances of both S and O, although other evidence suggests that the O/S ratio is approximately constant. While these results differ from recent optical studies, which suggest that these abundance gradients flatten in the outer Galaxy, we do not yet have sufficient data to rule out such a change in the gradient. The log N/O data are better fitted by a two-step function with a value of -0.50 +/- 0.02 for R &lt; 6.2 kpc and -0.83 +/- 0.04 for R &gt; 6.2 kpc. Both of these values are consistent with secondary production of nitrogen. However, the outer Galaxy oxygen abundances are in the low abundance regime where nitrogen is expected to be produced by primary processes.
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11.026652
8.683573
1997-11-01
73
1997ApJ...489...94R
[ "previous optical studies", "recent optical studies", "N", "Galaxy", "the outer Galaxy oxygen abundances", "O", "=", "large distances", "sufficient data", "nitrogen" ]
[ "Galaxy: Abundances", "ISM: H II Regions", "Infrared: ISM: Lines and Bands", "ISM: Abundances", "ISM: Individual: Alphanumeric: S127" ]
0
[ "10.1086/304758" ]
[ "Rudolph, Alexander L.", "Simpson, Janet P.", "Haas, Michael R.", "Erickson, Edwin F.", "Fich, Michel" ]
[ "NSF CAREER Fellow.; Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711.", "Also at the SETI Institute.; NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035.", "NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035.", "NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035.", "Guelph-Waterloo Program for Graduate Work in Physics, Physics Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada." ]
[ "1998A&A...338..881G", "1998A&A...339L..81O", "1998AJ....116..673F", "1998ASPC..132...76R", "1998astro.ph.10466F", "1998egdg.conf..125G", "1999A&A...345..629M", "1999A&A...350..827P", "1999ASPC..177..275C", "1999ASPC..187....3P", "1999Ap&SS.265..397H", "1999ApJ...510..915K", "1999ApJ...526..207F", "1999BaltA...8..271B", "1999ESASP.427..631C", "1999Natur.402..388W", "1999PASP..111..919H", "1999RPPh...62..143W", "1999cezh.conf...30P", "2000A&A...355..929P", "2000A&A...357..621C", "2000A&A...362..921H", "2000A&A...363..537R", "2000ASSL..255..323S", "2000ASSL..255..579P", "2000ApJ...537..205R", "2000ApJ...539..235R", "2000ApJ...541..660H", "2000ESASP.456..135M", "2001A&A...367...86S", "2001A&A...377..644B", "2001ApJ...554.1044C", "2001PABei..19...68H", "2001astro.ph..7016A", "2002A&A...381...32A", "2002A&A...381..571P", "2002A&A...381..606M", "2002A&A...390..561M", "2002ARA&A..40...27C", "2002RMxAC..12...41M", "2002RMxAC..12...62S", "2003A&A...407..957M", "2003AJ....126.1861B", "2003ApJS..149..375S", "2003MNRAS.339...63C", "2004A&A...419..713M", "2004AJ....127.2826B", "2004ApJ...611..338S", "2004JKAS...37..285B", "2005ApJ...635..311U", "2005PASJ...57..917N", "2005SSRv..119..273P", "2006ApJ...653.1226Q", "2006ApJS..162..346R", "2010AJ....139...68V", "2010PASP..122.1334P", "2011ApJ...738...27B", "2013ApJ...769....4W", "2014MmSAI..85..422W", "2015MNRAS.446.3461U", "2017A&A...597A..84F", "2018ApJ...867..140L", "2019ApJ...880....9W", "2019ApJ...882....1L", "2019ApJ...883...54O", "2020AJ....160...68W", "2021A&A...645A.113K", "2021AJ....161..139Y", "2021MNRAS.502..225A", "2022ApJ...925..194L", "2022MNRAS.509...68W", "2024ApJ...964...47B", "2024MNRAS.528.4746U" ]
[ "1964pot2.book.....B", "1967ApJ...147..471M", "1971ApJ...168..327S", "1976AJ.....81..172M", "1978A&A....70..719C", "1978ApJ...220..516P", "1978ApJ...224..417H", "1978MNRAS.185P..77E", "1979ApJS...40....1K", "1981ApJ...245..148E", "1983MNRAS.204...53S", "1985ApJ...288..618R", "1985ApJS...57..349R", "1985SPIE..509..129E", "1986AJ.....92..787F", "1987A&A...182..243M", "1987ApJ...320..573L", "1988ApJ...327..377R", "1988MNRAS.235..633V", "1989A&AS...80..149W", "1989ApJS...69..831W", "1989ApJS...69..897R", "1990ASSL..161..257D", "1990ApJ...354..165S", "1990ApJ...357..113M", "1991ASPC...20..539M", "1991ApJ...366..107F", "1991ApJ...374..564R", "1992ApJ...395..484P", "1992ApJS...79..469H", "1992ApJS...80..425B", "1993AAS...182.3411D", "1993ApJS...86..475F", "1993MNRAS.265..199V", "1994ASSL..190..376B", "1994ApJS...91..659K", "1995ASPC...73..523E", "1995ApJ...444..721S", "1996A&A...310..123S", "1996ApJ...458..653R", "1996MNRAS.280..720V" ]
2049548
null
Gas processes during the formation of galaxies
We investigate a model for galaxy formation, paying particular attention to gas processes. Our model differs from others in three main areas: normal stars in dwarf galaxies form in bursts; hot gas formed by collapse takes part in cooling flows; viscous redistribution of angular momentum in hot gas leads to disc formation in normal spiral galaxies. Supernovae in dwarf protogalaxies limit total star formation, causing their mass-to-light ratios to decrease with mass. This can improve the agreement between predicted and observed luminosity functions. Outflowing gas from the protodwarfs can account for damped Lyalpha absorption systems in quasar spectra. The first collapses to produce significant quantities of hot gas form normal protogalaxies. The hot gas forms a cooling flow which deposits low-mass objects (baryonic dark matter) in the halo of the protogalaxy, accounting for MACHOs in our Galaxy. Dissipation in the cooling flow increases the binding energy, helping to prevent disruption of most normal galaxies in later hierarchical collapse. The small amount of angular momentum in the hot gas is redistributed during the cooling flow, accumulating in the last of the gas to cool, which forms a disc. Disc formation is delayed until most of the hot gas cools, occurring well after the formation of the spheroid. Normal elliptical galaxies are formed when the hot gas is unable to cool completely, usually as the result of accretion of dwarf galaxies (i.e. mergers) and gas on to a normal protogalaxy. Isolated elliptical galaxies are still forming discs today. Enrichment of gas by supernovae is greatest in regions of greatest overdensity, which leads to abundance gradients in the stars of normal and giant elliptical galaxies, and in the gas in groups and clusters of galaxies. More gas is consumed by collapse in regions of highest density, the greater part of which forms low-mass objects. This leads to segregation between gas and baryonic dark matter in clusters of galaxies. Low-mass star formation in cooling flows plays a critical role in this model. Without it normal galaxies should be about an order of magnitude brighter. It accounts for the high baryon content of clusters of galaxies relative to normal galaxies. The low-mass objects account for MACHOs. Most baryons end up forming low-mass objects. If hot gas formed by collapse does not take part in cooling flows, then its fate is a major puzzle for models of structure formation.
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11.329302
7.024856
1997-11-01
27
1997MNRAS.291..425N
[ "hot gas form normal protogalaxies", "hot gas", "galaxy formation", "gas", "normal galaxies", "Normal elliptical galaxies", "most normal galaxies", "Outflowing gas", "gas processes", "More gas" ]
[ "Dwarf Galaxies", "Galactic Evolution", "Cooling Flows (Astrophysics)", "Dark Matter", "High Temperature Gases", "Astronomical Models", "Mass To Light Ratios", "Lyman Alpha Radiation", "Astrophysics", "COOLING FLOWS", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "DARK MATTER" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/291.3.425" ]
[ "Nulsen, P. E. J.", "Fabian, A. C." ]
[ "Wollongong, University", "Cambridge, University" ]
[ "1998Ap&SS.262..497C", "1998MNRAS.301..168N", "1998MNRAS.301L..20W", "1999ApJ...510L.103D", "1999ApJ...512L.105N", "1999ApJ...516..195C", "1999MNRAS.305..834E", "1999MNRAS.306L..15C", "1999MNRAS.309...63S", "1999PASA...16....3N", "1999dmap.conf..433D", "2000ApJ...540..271V", "2000MNRAS.311..346N", "2000MNRAS.314..557B", "2000MNRAS.318..889W", "2000MNRAS.319..583W", "2000NJPh....2...12D", "2001ApJ...553..103B", "2001MNRAS.324...95W", "2001MNRAS.327..939R", "2002ApJ...567..130B", "2002MNRAS.333..768M", "2002SSRv..100..117J", "2002maun.conf..117J", "2003MNRAS.343..367B", "2004ApJ...608..752B", "2005ARA&A..43..769V" ]
[ "1966ARA&A...4..171H", "1976ApJ...204..668F", "1976asqu.book.....A", "1977MNRAS.179..541R", "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1982ARA&A..20..221Y", "1984ApJ...281...95P", "1984MNRAS.208..185N", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1986ApJ...307..415S", "1986MNRAS.221..377N", "1986MNRAS.222..655T", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988ARA&A..26..509B", "1988MNRAS.233..637C", "1989ARA&A..27...87F", "1990MNRAS.245..559E", "1990MNRAS.246..156T", "1991ApJ...367...45C", "1991ApJ...372..410H", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1991ApJ...380..320N", "1991ApJ...381...14L", "1992ApJ...399L.109K", "1992MNRAS.255..105K", "1992sfss.conf....1B", "1993ARA&A..31..689O", "1993ApJ...419...52R", "1993MNRAS.262..627L", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1993MNRAS.264..201K", "1993Natur.366..429W", "1994AJ....108..437M", "1994ARA&A..32..277F", "1994ApJ...422...11E", "1994ApJ...427..160P", "1994ApJ...436L..75L", "1994ApJ...436L..79M", "1994MNRAS.266..399F", "1994MNRAS.267..401N", "1994MNRAS.267..779F", "1994MNRAS.269L..33F", "1994MNRAS.271..781C", "1994Natur.372..157T", "1994PASJ...46L..55F", "1994nhxr.conf..273O", "1995ApJ...438..563M", "1995ApJ...451..616S", "1995MNRAS.272..570S", "1995MNRAS.273...72W", "1995MNRAS.274..755H", "1995MNRAS.274.1093N", "1995MNRAS.275...56N", "1995MNRAS.277..561N", "1996AJ....111.1551M", "1996ARA&A..34..111B", "1996ApJ...466..686M", "1996ApJ...466..695L", "1996ApJ...466L..55F", "1996ApJ...470L..77P", "1996MNRAS.281..323V", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1996MNRAS.282..631R", "1996MNRAS.283.1361B", "1996MNRAS.283.1388M", "1996MNRAS.283L..21B", "1996MNRAS.283L..72N", "1996astro.ph.11161E", "1997A&A...322..709K", "1997AIPC..393..481M", "1997ApJ...475..118T", "1997ApJ...475L..97L", "1997ApJ...476..666F", "1997ApJ...477..128A", "1997ApJ...478...13N", "1997ApJ...479...70S", "1997ApJ...486..697A" ]
2049545
null
A multiwavelength study of the starburst galaxy NGC7771
We present a multiwavelength study of the interacting starburst galaxy NGC7771, including new optical and ultraviolet spectra and a previously unpublished soft X-ray ROSAT image and spectrum. The far-infrared, radio and X-ray fluxes suggest that a massive burst of star formation is currently in progress, but the small equivalent width of the Balmer emission lines (equivalent width Hα~100A), the weak UV flux, the low abundance of ionized oxygen, and the shape of the optical spectrum lead us to conclude that there are few O stars. This might normally suggest that star formation has ceased, but the barred gravitational potential and large gas reserves of the galaxy imply that this should not be so, and we therefore consider other explanations. We argue that the observations cannot be due to effects of geometry, density-bounded nebulae, or dust within the nebulae, and conclude that a truncated IMF is required. The dwarf galaxy NGC7770 appears to be in the initial stages of a merger with NGC7771, and the resulting tidal perturbations may have induced the apparent two-armed spiral pattern, and driven a substantial fraction of the disc gas inwards. The presence of a bulge in NGC7771 may be moderating the starburst so that, while still occurring on a large scale with a supernova rate of 0.8-1 yr^-1, it is less violent and the IMF has a relatively low upper mass limit. We find that there is a cluster of stars obscuring part of the starburst region, and we offer an explanation of its origin.
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11.732343
8.266782
1997-11-01
9
1997MNRAS.291..557D
[ "star formation", "few O stars", "stars", "equivalent width Hα~100A", "NGC7771", "the interacting starburst galaxy NGC7771", "starburst", "other explanations", "ionized oxygen", "IMF" ]
[ "Starburst Galaxies", "Ultraviolet Spectra", "Interacting Galaxies", "Visible Spectrum", "Rosat Mission", "O Stars", "Barred Galaxies", "Star Formation", "H Alpha Line", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC7771", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: STARBURST" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/291.3.557" ]
[ "Davies, Richard I.", "Alonso-Herrero, Almudena", "Ward, Martin J." ]
[ "Oxford University", "Arizona, Univ., Tucson, AZ", "Leicester, University" ]
[ "1999MNRAS.302..561A", "1999astro.ph..9140R", "2000ApJ...529..853R", "2001MNRAS.326..995P", "2004ApJ...601..813D", "2005MNRAS.357..109J", "2009A&A...506.1541A", "2010A&A...522A...7A", "2012MNRAS.425L..46A" ]
[ "1980ApJ...238...24R", "1980ApJ...240...41F", "1981ApJ...248..105W", "1982ApJ...256..397F", "1983ApJ...267..551G", "1985ApJS...58..125E", "1987ApJ...320..238S", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988AJ.....95..356C", "1988MNRAS.231P...1W", "1988MNRAS.233....1W", "1989ARA&A..27...87F", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1989ApJ...345..163P", "1989ApJS...69..831W", "1989PASJ...41....1N", "1990ApJ...357...97C", "1990ApJ...365..478E", "1990ApJS...73..359C", "1990ApJS...74..833H", "1990wiga.conf..125S", "1991ApJ...370..158S", "1991ApJ...380L..13F", "1991ApJS...75.1011G", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1991trcb.book.....D", "1992A&A...261...57B", "1992ApJ...396L..69S", "1992ApJ...397..117D", "1992ApJS...80..531F", "1992ApJS...81..865S", "1992PASP..104.1086C", "1993ApJ...412...99R", "1993ApJ...414..120T", "1993ApJ...419..181S", "1993ApJ...419L..57C", "1993ApJS...86....5K", "1994ApJ...425L..13M", "1995A&A...300...91R", "1995AJ....110.2665M", "1995ApJ...439..163A", "1995ApJS...96....9L", "1995ApJS...98..103S", "1995ApJS...98..129K", "1995ApJS...98..171V", "1995gaco.book.....C", "1996ApJ...465..717L", "1996ApJS..104..217S", "1996MNRAS.278..417A" ]
11614957
astro-ph/9707162
Synchrotron radiation from quasi-monoenergetic electrons. Modelling the spectrum of Sagittarius A(*)
We investigate the spectrum of a quasi-monoenergetic ensemble of relativistic electrons, especially for the mildly relativistic case, and discuss the effect of inclination of the magnetic field on the emissivity. We apply the exact theoretical description to the spectrum of the radio source Sgr A* which is located at or very close to the dynamical center of our Galaxy. We find that the radio-MIR spectrum can be reproduced well, but that the resulting self-comptonized X-ray flux is much smaller than the observed one.
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8.267873
5.580733
1997-12-01
50
1997A&A...328...95B
[ "relativistic electrons", "Sgr A", "inclination", "the resulting self-comptonized X-ray flux", "a quasi-monoenergetic ensemble", "the exact theoretical description", "the radio-MIR spectrum", "Galaxy", "the radio source", "the spectrum" ]
[ "GALAXY: CENTER", "RADIATION MECHANISMS: NON-THERMAL", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GENERAL", "X-RAYS: GENERAL", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9707162" ]
[ "Beckert, T.", "Duschl, W. J." ]
[ "Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik der Universität Heidelberg, Tiergartenstr. 15, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany", "Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik der Universität Heidelberg, Tiergartenstr. 15, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany" ]
[ "1998ApJ...499..198Y", "1998ApJ...499..731F", "1998Natur.394..651M", "1999ASPC..186..127M", "1999ASPC..186..138B", "1999ASPC..186..148F", "1999ASPC..186..551M", "1999AdSpR..23..959M", "1999ApJ...517L.101Q", "1999ApJ...522..870M", "1999MNRAS.305..492D", "1999astro.ph..7318M", "2000A&A...362..113F", "2000ApJ...534..723C", "2000ApJ...534L.173A", "2000ApJ...538L.121A", "2000ApJ...541..234O", "2000ApJ...545..842Q", "2000MNRAS.311..507D", "2000Sci...287...85Y", "2000astro.ph..3379A", "2001A&A...375L..18C", "2001ARA&A..39..309M", "2001ASPC..227...56F", "2001ApJ...547..731D", "2001ApJ...554L..37M", "2001ESASP.459..455G", "2001IAUS..205...28F", "2001RvMA...14...15F", "2002A&A...383..854Y", "2002A&A...388.1106B", "2002luml.conf..405N", "2003ANS...324..413P", "2003ApJ...591..891B", "2003PYunO..93...41Y", "2004A&A...425...77W", "2004ApJ...603L...9G", "2004PhDT........18M", "2004Sci...304..704B", "2005MmSAI..76...39W", "2005MmSAI..76..150B", "2006Ge&Ae..46..667M", "2007A&A...464..553K", "2007ASPC..373..600P", "2007MNRAS.377..731M", "2008A&A...485...33H", "2008ApJ...681.1725S", "2010MNRAS.402..724P", "2021MNRAS.505.1367F", "2023MNRAS.523.1247P" ]
[ "1949PhRv...75.1912S", "1959ApJ...130..241W", "1962clel.book.....J", "1967ApJ...150L.109E", "1968ApJ...151L.139S", "1968SvPhU..11...34G", "1969ARA&A...7..375G", "1970RvMP...42..237B", "1972hmfw.book.....A", "1976A&A....52..439D", "1979rpa..book.....R", "1981ApJ...250..142W", "1983ApJ...270..119M", "1984A&A...136..227S", "1991pav..book.....S", "1994A&A...286..431D", "1994A&A...290L..29P", "1994ApJ...425..110P", "1994ApJ...426..577M", "1995A&A...297...83Z", "1995Natur.374..623N", "1996A&A...307..450B", "1996A&A...310L...5R", "1996ApJ...465..327M", "1997MNRAS.284..576E" ]
2028068
null
The Neutral Interstellar Medium in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies. III. Sagittarius DIG, LGS 3, and Phoenix
We present new VLA observations of the H I medium of the Local Group dwarf galaxies Sag DIG, LGS 3, and Phoenix. Sag DIG is a gas-rich, blue dwarf irregular with some known recent star formation, whereas LGS 3 and Phoenix are gas-poor, red galaxies of intermediate irregular/spheroidal type with little recent star formation. These galaxies complete a small sample of Local Group and near-Local Group irregular and elliptical galaxies that have been mapped in H I and, where possible, in CO. We compare the properties and kinematics of the ISM in these different galaxy types in order to gain some insights into the relationship between galaxy properties, star formation, and the ISM. <P />Both Sag DIG and LGS 3 have larger H I extents and higher H I fluxes than previously known, and in both cases the H I extends significantly farther than the stellar component. Neither one shows convincing signs of rotation; both seem to derive a significant amount of their support against gravity from random motions in the gas. The dwarf galaxies of the sample support the idea that there are large variations in the dark/luminous mass ratio at a given luminosity. <P />The high sensitivity and high spectral and spatial resolution of these observations also make it possible to study the physical properties of the H I medium. The H I in Sag DIG is decomposed into broad (σ = 10 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>) and narrow (σ = 5 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>) components, with the broad component distributed throughout the galaxy and the narrow component concentrated into a small number of prominent clumps of about 8 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. It is argued that these H I components are in fact cold and warm phases of the H I medium, as in Galactic H I and in the dwarf irregular Leo A. LGS 3, on the other hand, shows little sign of such a two-phase H I structure. This new information on the phase structure of the ISM in dwarf galaxies is consistent with theoretical models of the H I medium if the H I line width is greater than purely thermal widths. The lack of a cold H I phase may be a reason for the lack of recent star formation in LGS 3; we suggest that the presence of a cold H I phase serves as a better indicator of conditions appropriate for star formation than measures of total H I content. <P />The Phoenix dwarf and LGS 3 have been interpreted as two dwarf spheroidal galaxies which are unusual in that they contain H I. The presence of H I in LGS 3 is interesting, then, in the context of models that remove the gas from dwarf spheroidals by a burst of star formation. Either LGS 3 has not had a burst of star formation sufficient to remove its gas, or gas removal was not complete. It is not clear whether the Phoenix dwarf has H I. The current observations show emission in the vicinity of the galaxy at +55 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> and -23 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> (heliocentric). However, none of this emission is coincident with the optical galaxy. Until the stellar velocities in Phoenix are known, we cannot distinguish whether any of the detected H I is actually associated with the galaxy or is perhaps associated with the Magellanic Stream.
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11.28641
7.941796
1997-12-01
155
1997ApJ...490..710Y
[ "dwarf galaxies", "galaxy properties", "recent star formation", "little recent star formation", "star formation", "higher H", "dwarf spheroidals", "total H", "H I", "the Local Group dwarf galaxies Sag DIG" ]
[ "Galaxies: Individual: Name: Sagittarius DIG", "Galaxies: Individual: Alphanumeric: LGS 3", "galaxies: individual (Phoenix dwarf)", "Galaxies: ISM", "Galaxies: Kinematics and Dynamics", "local group", "Radio Lines: Galaxies" ]
1
[ "10.1086/304909" ]
[ "Young, L. M.", "Lo, K. Y." ]
[ "NRAO, P.O. Box O, Socorro NM 87801; .; Astronomy Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801; .", "Astronomy Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801; .; Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China." ]
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2024606
null
The Dwarf Irregular Galaxy Sextans A. II. Recent Star Formation History
We have used the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain photometric data of the resolved stars in the nearby (D = 1.4 Mpc) dwarf irregular galaxy Sextans A (DDO 75, A 1008-04). The data consist of WFPC2 images in 3 bands: F439W (1 hour), F555W (30 minutes), and F814W (30 minutes). We constructed very accurate color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) in V and I down to a limiting magnitude of 26 in V. The CMDs show several clearly separated populations that align well with stellar evolution model predictions for a low metallicity system. We use the MS stars to calculate the star formation history (SF11) over the past 100 Myr. We also present a method for extracting the SF11 from a second population, the blue He-burning (HeB) stars, independent of the MS. These are stars in the bluest part of the so-called "blue-loop" phase. This is the first time these stars have been unambiguously identified in a low metallicity system. This method has the potential to determine the SF11 over the past 1 Gyr, although photometric errors in the present data limit the range to 600 Myr. We have combined the spatial density distribution of the blue HeB stars with the star formation rate (SFR) calculations to determine the behavior of the star formation in both space and time. In the past 50 Myr, Sextans A has had an average SFR (5000±1500 M<SUB>sun</SUB> Myr<SUP>-1</SUP> kpc<SUP>-2</SUP> assuming a Salpeter IMF) that is 20 times that of the average SFR over the history of the galaxy (310M<SUB>sun</SUB> Myr<SUP>-1</SUP> kpc<SUP>-2 assuming an 11 Gyr lifetime). This current activity is highly concentrated in a young region in the Southeast roughly 25 pc across. This coincides with the brightest H II regions and the highest column density of H I. This one region contains half of all the current star formation activity within our field of view. Between the ages of 100 and 600 Myr, the star formation is roughly constant at 2000±500M<SUB>sun</SUB> Myr<SUP>-1</SUP> kpc<SUP>-2, still well above the lifetime average for the galaxy. The fluctuations during this time are spatially correlated. There are regions with a factor of ±5 enhancement in SFR compared to the full field of view (25%-30% of the star formation at any given time) that come and go in different locations over time. These regions are 200-300 pc in diameter and last 100-200 Myr. We estimate the star formation efficiency of these regions to be ∼9%. There is an age progression of these regions, suggesting the star formation may be propagating through the galaxy.</SUP></SUP>
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9.950976
8.209219
1997-12-01
133
1997AJ....114.2527D
[ "stars", "regions", "Myr", "the star formation history", "the star formation efficiency", "the star formation rate", "irregular galaxy Sextans A", "photometric data", "the star formation", "the blue HeB stars" ]
[ "GALAXIES: PECULIAR", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: SEXTANS", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "STARS: FORMATION" ]
2
[ "10.1086/118665" ]
[ "Dohm-Palmer, Robbie C.", "Skillman, Evan D.", "Saha, A.", "Tolstoy, E.", "Mateo, Mario", "Gallagher, J.", "Hoessel, J.", "Chiosi, C.", "Dufour, R. J." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
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2028370
null
Simulations of Collisions between Two Gas-rich Galaxy Disks with Heating and Cooling
Particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations are presented of direct collisions between two model galaxies, most consisting of a rigid halo and a gas disk. Local self-gravity is also computed in the gas. The companion galaxy in these simulations is about one-third of the mass of the primary, and its disk is half the size. An adiabatic equation of state is combined with simple approximations for the effects of radiative cooling and local heating due to young star activity, which allows a continuous range of thermal phases to develop. These terms and multiple phases have not generally been included in galaxy collision simulations to date. Their effects are assessed in part by repeating runs with an isothermal equation of state and comparing the results. One model with a star plus gas disk is also included for comparison. <P />These models are most relevant to interactions involving low surface brightness, or other late-type galaxies with extensive gas disks, including the precursors to well-known ring galaxies like the Cartwheel and VII Zw 466. In the simulations, the companion impact is slightly off center in the target disk, as is probably the case in these systems. In all cases, clear ring waves develop in the primary despite the disruption of parts of the disk by impact shocks. The gas density in the disk of the primary is initialized to values slightly below the gravitational instability threshold throughout, and the ring waves induce star formation in all the heating and cooling models. The structure of the waves and other interaction morphologies are found to be quite similar on large scales in both isothermal and heating/cooling cases, despite the fact that at certain stages large quantities of gas are heated above the initial temperature in the latter. On a finer scale, there are clear differences, including the fact that star formation heating in ring waves increases the vertical scale height of the primary gas disk and delays spoke development. <P />The companion disk is largely disrupted in most of these simulations, and a substantial mass of gas is splashed out into a bridge connecting the two potential centers. The companion disk reforms by accreting gas out of the bridge, though generally in a different plane than its initial one. There is also a good deal of infall back onto the primary disk. Although heated by impact, the gas in the bridge cools rapidly. However, kinematic expansion prevents it from reaching threshold density, and there is no star formation heating there. A comparison run with a diskless companion produced no significant bridge, so in this type of collision the bridge is primarily a hydrodynamic phenomenon. <P />The amount of material pushed out into the splash bridge and how much of it comes from each galaxy depends on the relative orientation of the disks at impact. This orientation also affects how much bridge material accretes onto each galaxy. The onset of accretion is initially delayed but then accelerates to a peak and declines thereafter in both galaxies. The infall is spatially asymmetric and is primarily located in well-defined streams. Most of the accreted gas ends up in the central regions of the model galaxies, but only after spiraling around the center and passing through one or more shocks. Accretion heating is substantial, and is shown to inhibit or delay global star formation enhancements. <P />The thermal effects of the impact between galaxies are short-lived, but the models predict that accretion and young star heating effect the global thermal phase balance for a much longer period. The magnitude and duration of these effects also depend on the relative orientation of the disks at impact. Thus, the postcollision Hubble type of the companion is a sensitive function of initial orientation.
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11.450645
7.512285
1997-12-01
89
1997ApJS..113..269S
[ "extensive gas disks", "companion disk", "galaxy collision simulations", "young star heating effect", "star formation heating", "gas", "galaxies", "star formation", "global star formation enhancements", "clear ring waves" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "Galaxies: Evolution", "Galaxies: Interactions", "Galaxies: ISM", "Galaxies: Kinematics and Dynamics", "Galaxies: Starburst" ]
2
[ "10.1086/313055" ]
[ "Struck, Curtis" ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011;" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.2757B", "1998ApJ...503L.119E", "1998ApJ...505..607T", "1999A&A...341...69C", "1999AJ....117.1237S", "1999AJ....118.1577K", "1999AJ....118.2132J", "1999AJ....118.2646M", "1999ApJ...527..143A", "1999ESASP.427..897J", "1999PhR...321....1S", "1999astro.ph.11186B", "2000AJ....119.1130H", "2000AJ....120..630E", "2000ASPC..197..351H", "2000ApJ...541..644X", "2001A&A...379..845M", "2001AJ....121..710S", "2001ASPC..230..471H", "2001ASPC..230..505L", "2001ASPC..240..161L", "2001Ap&SS.276.1141H", "2001ApJ...551..651H", "2002ApJ...572L..83S", "2003A&A...397...99R", "2003A&A...400...81V", "2003A&A...407..913V", "2003AJ....125.1897M", "2003AJ....126.2171G", "2003ApJ...589..157S", "2004A&A...418..419B", "2004IAUS..217..400S", "2004MNRAS.347..173S", "2004MNRAS.348.1255K", "2005A&A...441..473V", "2005AJ....130.2117S", "2005MNRAS.358..202K", "2005MNRAS.364...69S", "2005PASJ...57..575N", "2005astro.ph..7252V", "2006ApJ...651..676E", "2007AJ....133..676H", "2007AJ....134..118Z", "2007ApJ...670..261A", "2007MNRAS.382.1541W", "2008AJ....135.2406S", "2008AJ....136.2502D", "2008JSARA...2...79C", "2008MNRAS.383..230M", "2008MNRAS.383.1223M", "2008MNRAS.384..386C", "2008MNRAS.386L..38G", "2009AJ....137.3071B", "2009AJ....137.4561B", "2009AJ....137.4643H", "2009ApJ...693.1650B", "2009ApJ...697.1971J", "2009ApJ...705.1433H", "2009MNRAS.398.1069S", "2009PASJ...61..481S", "2010AJ....139.1369P", "2010ASPC..423...32H", "2010ASPC..423..177B", "2010ASPC..423..232H", "2011EAS....51..107B", "2011IAUS..271..160B", "2011MNRAS.414.2498S", "2012A&A...547A..39V", "2012ApJ...751...11P", "2012MNRAS.419.1780H", "2012MNRAS.420.1158M", "2012MNRAS.421.2109B", "2012MNRAS.425.2255F", "2013ASPC..477..291H", "2014ApJ...785..162C", "2014ApJ...797...91M", "2014ApJ...797..117A", "2015ApJ...812..118A", "2016ApJ...825...20B", "2016MNRAS.462.3419Z", "2017MNRAS.468.4189P", "2018A&A...614A.130G", "2018ApJ...855..141P", "2019ApJ...878..161J", "2019MNRAS.486.2660Y", "2019MNRAS.487.1551M", "2020MNRAS.492.4892Y", "2022ApJ...931..121A", "2023Galax..11..119S" ]
[ "1966apg..book.....A", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1973A&A....22...41E", "1976ApJ...209..382L", "1978ApJ...219...18B", "1978IAUS...79..109T", "1978ppim.book.....S", "1980A&A....88...61T", "1981A&A....94..338T", "1982FCPh....7..241S", "1984A&A...140..125W", "1984ApJ...285..426B", "1985A&A...149..135M", "1985prpl.conf..201S", "1986ApJ...301...77S", "1986ApJ...304L...5L", "1986PASP...98.1076F", "1986PhDT.........1J", "1987ApJ...312..566A", "1987ApJ...315..480J", "1987ApJ...315L..23W", "1987ApJ...323..480S", "1987ApJS...64...39S", "1987Natur.330..140A", "1987cspg.book.....A", "1987gady.book.....B", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1989ApJ...345..372N", "1989ApJS...70..419H", "1990AJ.....99..497S", "1990ASSL..161...39B", "1990ASSL..161..181C", "1990ASSL..161..323N", "1990ApJ...349..480O", "1990ApJ...361..426O", "1990ApJ...362..480H", "1990NYASA.596..130R", "1990dig..book...72P", "1990dig..book..200A", "1991A&A...250..316T", "1992A&A...265..465T", "1992AJ....104.2067L", "1992ARA&A..30..543M", "1992ApJ...391..651B", "1992ApJ...393..484B", "1992ApJ...393..544S", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1993AJ....105.1730C", "1993ASSL..188..455H", "1993ApJ...405..142W", "1993ApJ...411..108S", "1993ApJ...412...90E", "1993ApJS...88..253S", "1993MNRAS.261..804H", "1993PASJ...45...43S", "1993PhDT.........2G", "1993PhDT.........2H", "1994AJ....107...67H", "1994AJ....107.1320O", "1994ApJ...423L.101S", "1994ApJ...429L..13B", "1994ApJ...431..604G", "1994ApJ...433..631W", "1994ApJ...437..611M", "1995AJ....109.1002M", "1995AJ....109.2522K", "1995ApJ...438..135K", "1995ApJ...444..119D", "1995ApJ...444L..77S", "1995ApJ...449L..23D", "1995ApJ...453...48D", "1995ApJ...455..524H", "1995ApJ...455..536P", "1995FCPh...16....1S", "1996AJ....111..655H", "1996AJ....112.1868S", "1996ASPC..106..141S", "1996ApJ...458..194M", "1996ApJ...460..101W", "1996ApJ...461...55T", "1996ApJ...462..651L", "1996ApJ...466L...5D", "1996ApJ...467..241H", "1996ApJ...467..280N", "1996ApJ...468..532A", "1996ApJ...468L..77G", "1996ApJ...469..535K", "1996ApJS..105...19K", "1996FCPh...16..111A", "1996MNRAS.278..345G", "1997ApJ...476..544S", "1997ApJ...483..754S" ]
2051878
null
Gaseous Halos of Late-Type Spiral Galaxies
This article reviews the most recent observational results on disk-halo interactions in nearby galaxies. The implications of these results on our understanding of the structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) in our Galaxy and external spiral galaxies, with particular emphasis on the halo ISM, are discussed. Disk-halo interactions occur only above the brightest \hii\ regions, which are found almost exclusively in late-type spirals and dwarf and irregular galaxies. Circumnuclear starbursts are the most energetic flavor of this phenomenon. The existence, the shapes, and the properties of gaseous halos depend on the level of energy input into the disk ISM per unit surface area, i.e. on the feedback of mass, momentum, and energy produced by vigorous star formation. Thus, current theoretical models of the ISM take into account that gaseous halos are natural extensions of disk ISMs and are heated by the winds and ionizing radiation of massive stars, and by the shock waves of supernovae and their remnants. Observationally, this is reflected by the fact that all phases of the ISM known to exist in galaxy disks have also been detected in halos. Disk-halo interactions are a very effective way of redistributing energy, metals, and magnetic fields in galaxies and of expelling them into intergalactic space when outflows reach escape velocit. (SECTION: Invited Review Articles)
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12.093998
8.116103
1997-12-01
62
1997PASP..109.1298D
[ "galaxy disks", "gaseous halos", "disk ISMs", "halos", "external spiral galaxies", "irregular galaxies", "nearby galaxies", "galaxies", "ISM", "energy input" ]
[ "GALAXIES: LATE-TYPE", "GALAXIES: HALOS" ]
2
[ "10.1086/134012" ]
[ "Dahlem, M." ]
[ "-" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.1657M", "1998Ap&SS.262..497C", "1998ApJS..118..401D", "1999A&A...352...64V", "1999AJ....117.2102I", "1999ASPC..166..212B", "1999ASPC..168..267D", "1999ApJ...519L..43C", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000A&A...354..423L", "2000A&A...358..812J", "2000A&A...359..433R", "2000A&A...364L..36T", "2000AJ....119.1592I", "2000ApJ...543..577C", "2000ApJS..129..493H", "2000ApJS..130...91C", "2000MNRAS.314..511S", "2000dhst.conf...24C", "2001A&A...371...45D", "2001A&A...374...42D", "2001A&A...380...40T", "2001ASPC..230..317J", "2001ASPC..240...31C", "2001ApJ...563..611B", "2002A&AT...21..245E", "2002ASPC..253..387S", "2002RvMP...74..775W", "2002sdef.conf..169D", "2003A&A...403..547D", "2003A&A...406..505R", "2003ASSL..281..149C", "2003ApJ...592...79M", "2003ApJ...593..721M", "2003ApJS..148..383M", "2003MNRAS.340..269S", "2004ASSL..315...75L", "2004Ap&SS.289..349D", "2004Ap&SS.289..395C", "2004Ap&SS.289..405D", "2004ApJ...606..258W", "2004ApJS..151..193S", "2004IAUS..222..249S", "2004IAUS..222..377C", "2004astro.ph..4446C", "2005AIPC..783..310D", "2005ASPC..331..155D", "2005MNRAS.356..998H", "2005MNRAS.362..626M", "2006A&A...457..121D", "2007ApJ...658..258S", "2007ApJ...662..909K", "2008arXiv0804.3819R", "2009ApJ...697.2030S", "2013ApJ...762...12H", "2016ApJ...824...30D", "2017A&A...599A..71D", "2017ApJ...843..137T", "2017MNRAS.469.4095E", "2019MNRAS.488.5728E", "2021ApJ...921...91D", "2024arXiv240617123G" ]
[ "1955ApJ...121..161S", "1956ZA.....40..236D", "1958BAN....14..215W", "1963ApJ...137.1005L", "1965PASP...77..287S", "1969ApJ...155L.149F", "1969ApJ...156..445K", "1974ApJ...193L.121J", "1976ApJ...203..361C", "1976ApJ...205..762S", "1977A&A....54..973E", "1977ApJ...211..404S", "1977ApJ...218..148M", "1977ApJ...218..377W", "1978A&A....62..397A", "1978A&A....65...37W", "1978A&A....65...47C", "1978A&A....70..565M", "1979ApJ...229...83H", "1979ApJ...229..533H", "1979ApJ...230L..77S", "1979cmft.book.....P", "1980ApJ...238...24R", "1980PThPh..64.1995H", "1981ApJ...246..751K", "1982A&A...107..148L", "1982A&A...115..223M", "1982A&AS...47....1H", "1982ApJ...252..102C", "1982ApJ...260..561P", "1983AJ.....88.1077H", "1983ApJ...269..107M", "1984A&A...133....1H", "1984A&A...133...19K", "1984ApJ...278L...1N", "1984ApJ...278L..15H", "1984ApJ...278L..19L", "1984ApJ...279..122S", "1984ApJ...283...90L", "1984ApJ...286..144W", "1984ApJ...287..116K", "1984ApJS...55..585H", "1985A&A...153...17B", 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"1989A&ARv...1...49C", "1989ARA&A..27...87F", "1989ARA&A..27..469B", "1989ApJ...336..722S", "1989ApJ...337..209W", "1989ApJ...337..761K", "1989ApJ...345..372N", "1990A&A...228..331L", "1990A&A...232L..15D", "1990A&A...234..147P", "1990A&A...236..333H", "1990A&A...239..424P", "1990A&A...240...52G", "1990A&A...240..237D", "1990ASSL..160..125S", "1990ApJ...349L..17R", "1990ApJ...352L...1R", "1990ApJ...355..442F", "1990ApJ...361L...5T", "1990ApJ...362..434C", "1990ApJ...364..549S", "1990ApJ...365..532Y", "1990ApJS...74..833H", "1990MNRAS.242..194L", "1990MNRAS.245..397S", "1990Natur.348..617S", "1991A&A...245...79B", "1991A&A...246...10H", "1991A&A...248...12R", "1991A&A...250..150L", "1991A&ARv...3...47H", "1991A&AS...87..309H", "1991AJ....102..572E", "1991ApJ...366..443F", "1991ApJ...369..320S", "1991ApJ...374..507K", "1991ApJ...379..177L", "1991ApJ...382..100S", "1991IAUS..144.....B", "1991MNRAS.252P..12S", "1991Sci...252.1529S", "1992A&A...254L..25D", "1992A&A...256...10R", 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"1996A&A...308L...1M", "1996A&A...308L..37P", "1996A&A...310..725N", "1996A&A...311...35V", "1996A&A...311..113Z", "1996A&A...313...96D", "1996A&A...313..439G", "1996A&A...315L.137L", "1996AJ....111.1156W", "1996AJ....112..534W", "1996AJ....112..960S", "1996AJ....112.2567F", "1996ARA&A..34..155B", "1996ApJ...457..211S", "1996ApJ...461..724D", "1996ApJ...462..651L", "1996ApJ...462..712R", "1996ApJ...464..141B", "1996ApJ...464..738I", "1996ApJ...467..280N", "1996ApJ...467L..69F", "1996ApJ...471..164C", "1996ApJ...472..546L", "1996ApJ...473..144Z", "1996ApJ...473..244G", "1996ApJS..105...75C", "1996MNRAS.278..519S", "1996MNRAS.281..301L", "1996Natur.380..687N", "1996PASP..108..725S", "1996ibms.conf..169M", "1997A&A...318..700B", "1997A&A...320..731D", "1997A&A...322..391D", "1997AJ....113.1678B", "1997AJ....114...54M", "1997ApJ...474..129R", "1997ApJ...475...65H", "1997ApJ...475..565D", "1997ApJ...478..172M", "1997ApJ...485..125S", "1997ApJ...485..159B", "1997MNRAS.289..570O", "1997PASP..109..130M", "1997agnh.book.....H" ]
2024645
null
The Dwarf Irregular Galaxy Sextans A. I. HST Photometry of the Resolved Stars
We have used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe the resolved stars of the nearby (D = 1.4 Mpc) dwarf irregular galaxy Sextans A (DDO 75, A 1008-04). The data consist of dithered WFPC2 images in 3 bands: F439W (1 hour), F555W (30 minutes), and F814W (30 minutes). The stellar photometry was extracted using the DoPHOT program developed by Schechter et al. (1993, PASP, 105, 1342) with modifications for WFPC2 data by Saha et al. (1996, ApJ, 466, 550). The dithering improved the photometric accuracy of faint stars since it produced stellar profiles that were more uniform than in undithered images. Also, the PSF fitting method used by DoPHOT was insensitive to the intra-pixel sensitivity variation of the WFPC2 chips, while simple aperture photometry was slightly sensitive to this variation. The photometry was calibrated to V, B, and I with the equations presented in Holtzman et al. (1995, PASP, 107, 1065). Comparisons with previously published ground-based data showed excellent agreement with stars brighter than V ≈21. Fainter stars are severely hampered by crowding from the ground. At the distance of Sextans A, the superior resolution of the HST overcomes this confusion, and enables very accurate and deep photometry. Artificial star tests showed the data to be 50% complete to V=25.6, B=25.4, and 1=25.3. This high quality data produced color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) with excellent detail. The main sequence (MS), red supergiants, and red giant branch (RGB) are all clearly distinct populations. Most striking is a population just redward of the MS, which had not been photometrically resolved from the MS in ground-based observations. These stars are massive core Helium burning stars (HeB) in the bluest extent of the so-called "blue-loop" phase. This population has never before been clearly identifiable in a low metallicity system.
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9.64593
8.165993
1997-12-01
45
1997AJ....114.2514D
[ "WFPC2 data", "faint stars", "stars", "Fainter stars", "Artificial star tests", "massive core Helium burning stars", "dithered WFPC2 images", "dwarf irregular galaxy Sextans A", "simple aperture photometry", "Holtzman et al" ]
[ "GALAXIES: PECULIAR", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: SEXTANS", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT" ]
0
[ "10.1086/118664" ]
[ "Dohm-Palmer, Robbie C.", "Skillman, Evan D.", "Saha, A.", "Tolstoy, E.", "Mateo, Mario", "Gallagher, J.", "Hoessel, J.", "Chiosi, C.", "Dufour, R. J." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1997AJ....114.2527D", "1998AJ....115..152D", "1998AJ....115.1869G", "1998AJ....116.1227D", "1998AJ....116.1244T", "1998AJ....116.2341V", "1998AJ....116.2746T", "1999AJ....117..881M", "1999AJ....117.1743Z", "1999AJ....118.1657C", "1999Ap&SS.265..199T", "1999ApJ...525..105T", "1999IAUS..192..218T", "1999PASP..111..385T", "1999PASP..111..559H", "1999astro.ph..1245T", "2000AJ....120..821F", "2000AJ....120.3060H", "2000Msngr..99...16T", "2000astro.ph.10028T", "2002AJ....123..813D", "2002AJ....123.1433D", "2002ASPC..270...71V", "2002ApJ...567..875I", "2002astro.ph..3284S", "2003AJ....125.1261D", "2003AJ....126..187D", "2003AJ....126.2806C", "2003dhst.symp..128T", "2004AJ....127.2723K", "2005ASPC..336..317D", "2005NewAR..49..453S", "2007AJ....133.2393M", "2007ApJ...668..876Y", "2007IAUS..241..286S", "2007MNRAS.374..107G", "2008IAUS..255..285S", "2009ApJS..183...67D", "2011A&A...532A.147L", "2014A&A...566A..44B", "2014ApJ...789..147W", "2015MNRAS.448..792G", "2016A&A...585A..82C", "2016AJ....151...96M", "2024ApJ...966...25R" ]
[ "1980ApJS...44...73B", "1982ApJ...258..439S", "1983ApJ...274..577H", "1984ARA&A..22...37G", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985ApJS...59...63R", "1986AJ.....91.1244G", "1987A&AS...71..297A", "1987MNRAS.224..935W", "1988A&A...198...33S", "1988ApJ...331..261M", "1989ApJ...345..245C", "1989ApJ...347..875S", "1991AJ....102..951T", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1992A&A...260...77A", "1992ApJ...388..400B", "1993A&A...271..109C", "1993ApJ...417..553L", "1993PASP..105.1342S", "1994A&A...287..371P", "1994A&AS..106..275B", "1994AJ....108..507S", "1994PASP..106..765H", "1994depv.conf....7B", "1995A&A...295...63C", "1995A&A...297..695S", "1995AJ....109..173M", "1995ApJ...445..642R", "1995PASP..107.1065H", "1996A&A...311..470G", "1996AJ....112.1928G", "1996AJ....112.1950G", "1996AJ....112.2596G", "1996ASPC..106..208S", "1996ApJ...461..713S", "1996ApJ...462..672T", "1996ApJ...462..684T", "1996ApJ...462..732H", "1996ApJ...466...55S", "1996ApJ...466..732G", "1996eghi.proc..208S", "1997AJ....114.2527D" ]
2049039
null
Global chemical evolution - II. The mean metal abundance of the Universe
We examine the metallicity distribution within and between galaxies and hence determine their present-day mean abundance. Adding in components for intergalactic gas, we arrive at an estimate of the mean metal abundance of the Universe. We find the pleasantly Copernican result that the overall mean abundance is close to solar. We then discuss the evolution with time of this quantity, using simplified, but general, models of galactic chemical evolution. The variation of the total metal content of the Universe with epoch turns out to be constrained within fairly well-defined limits for plausible variations in the global mean star formation rate. However, what would be observed at any given redshift depends critically on which regions of galaxies are being sampled and on the formation histories of these particular regions. Finally, we investigate the joint constraints provided by current observations of the evolution of the metallicity and gas content of the Universe, as measured by QSO damped Lyman alpha absorbers. We note a generic inconsistency in global models and introduce a more realistic model, with different evolution for different galaxy types, which can overcome this difficulty. Current chemical evidence does not require that the global average star formation rate in the Universe should have decreased by a large factor since galaxy formation began.
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12.276364
7.863676
1997-12-01
43
1997MNRAS.292..733E
[ "galaxy formation", "different galaxy types", "global models", "different evolution", "galaxies", "galactic chemical evolution", "Universe", "the global mean star formation rate", "intergalactic gas", "Current chemical evidence" ]
[ "Galactic Evolution", "Quasars", "Chemical Evolution", "Metallicity", "Intergalactic Media", "Star Formation Rate", "Astronomical Models", "Universe", "Red Shift", "Lyman Alpha Radiation", "Radiation Absorption", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: ABUNDANCES", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "QUASARS: ABSORPTION LINES", "COSMOLOGY: MISCELLANEOUS" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/292.3.733" ]
[ "Edmunds, M. G.", "Phillipps, S." ]
[ "Cardiff, University of Wales College", "Bristol, University" ]
[ "1998NewA....3..259C", "1999ASPC..170..375P", "1999ASPC..170..383E", "1999ASPC..187..203E", "1999ASPC..192..273F", "1999ApJ...515..518E", "1999ApJ...522..220H", "1999cezh.conf..233P", "2000A&AS..145...83A", "2000AJ....120.2244E", "2000ASSL..255...15R", "2000ApJ...533L...5P", "2000MNRAS.315...82P", "2000MNRAS.319..539F", "2000RvMA...13..189F", "2000fist.conf...37R", "2000fist.conf..176R", "2001Ap&SS.276.1007F", "2001ApJ...552...99P", "2001ApJ...557..527T", "2001ApJS..137...21P", "2001MNRAS.321..743M", "2001MNRAS.323..795M", "2001PASP..113.1449C", "2002ASPC..253..489P", "2002ApJ...580..732K", "2002PASA...19..238R", "2003ApJ...594..136F", "2003ApJ...598..741C", "2003MNRAS.343..608K", "2003RMxAC..16...64C", "2004MNRAS.350..351C", "2005A&G....46d..12E", "2005ARA&A..43..861W", "2005RMxAC..24...82C", "2006MNRAS.369..465C", "2007MNRAS.378..525B", "2007PASP..119..962H", "2008ASPC..390..483P", "2008MNRAS.383.1439G", "2017MNRAS.471.4615G", "2019A&ARv..27....3M", "2020MNRAS.498.5581B" ]
[ "1948AnAp...11..247D", "1962ApJ...136..748E", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1972ApJ...173...25S", "1975MNRAS.172...13P", "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1978ApJ...225...40B", "1984PASP...96..773M", "1985A&A...144..431R", "1985ARA&A..23..225S", "1985ApJ...290..154L", "1985ApJS...59..115K", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1986ApJ...305..669V", "1987A&A...173...23A", "1987A&A...186....1G", "1988ARA&A..26..509B", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1988prun.proc....1C", "1989ARA&A..27..235K", "1989ApJ...347..875S", "1989ApJ...347L..55Y", "1990AJ....100..999B", "1990ApJ...356...32D", "1990MNRAS.245..559E", "1990MNRAS.246..678E", "1991MNRAS.251...84P", "1991MNRAS.252..414E", "1992A&A...254...49A", "1992ApJ...391..502K", "1992MNRAS.258P..14P", "1992MNRAS.259..121V", "1992eatc.conf..289E", "1993A&A...275..101E", "1993ApJ...402...15L", "1993MNRAS.265L..21B", "1994A&AS..107..129B", "1994ApJ...426...79P", "1994ApJ...426..135M", "1994ApJS...93..397C", "1994ESOC...49...81H", "1994MNRAS.267...13B", "1994MNRAS.271..781C", "1994Natur.372..157T", "1995ApJ...440..435L", "1995ApJ...445..642R", "1995ApJ...447..630S", "1995ApJ...448..119F", "1995ApJ...451..468T", "1995ApJ...452..538G", "1995ApJ...453...48D", "1995ApJ...454...69P", "1995ApJ...455L...1G", "1995MNRAS.274..755H", "1996A&A...316...33W", "1996ApJ...457..529B", "1996ApJ...460..284R", "1996ApJ...471..657K", "1996ApJS..107..475L", "1996MNRAS.278..829G", "1996MNRAS.280..235E", "1996MNRAS.280.1167E", "1996MNRAS.281..362P", "1996MNRAS.281..475K", "1996MNRAS.282.1330S", "1996MNRAS.283..174P", "1996MNRAS.283.1361B", "1996MNRAS.283.1388M", "1996Natur.384..439S", "1997AIPC..393..481M", "1997ApJ...478..536P", "1997MNRAS.286..235F", "1997MNRAS.286..732E", "1997nceg.book.....P" ]
2024661
null
The Properties of the Antlia Dwarf Galaxy
We present a deep (I, V-I) color-magnitude diagram (CMD) for the recently re-discovered nearby dwarf galaxy located in the constellation of Antlia. Our photometry reveals a relatively steep red giant branch (RGB) extending from I≈21.5 to the faint limit of I≈25.5. Analysis of the CMD shows that Antlia contains young, intermediate-age, and old stellar populations. Furthermore, the young population is only present inside ≈0.5 arcmin from the center of Antlia. The tip of the first ascent RGB is well-defined and is used to estimate a distance, but it shows a hint of fine structure indicative of extinction effects due to dust within Antlia itself. This is consistent with the fact that extant observations in the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen indicate the presence of significant amounts of H 1 in Antlia. However, our observations do not allow an unequivocal statement to be made about the interstellar dust content of Antlia. If Antlia contains non-negligible amounts of dust, then we estimate its distance to be 1.24±0.10 Mpc ((I - M<SUB>1</SUB>)<SUB>0</SUB>=25.47 ±0.13) and its mean metallicity is ([Fe/H] = - 2.41±0.18. In contrast, if Antlia contains little or no dust, then its distance is 1.33±0.10 Mpc [(I-M M<SUB>1</SUB>)<SUB>0</SUB>=25.62±0.12] and its metallicity is &lt;[Fe/H]&gt;=-1.90±0.13. If the latter abundance is adopted, then Antlia lies squarely on the absolute magnitude versus mean metallicity relation for dwarf spheroidal/elliptical galaxies. However, if one assumes that Antlia contains significant amounts of dust, then its metallicity places it at the extreme metal-poor end of dwarf galaxies.
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10.564224
7.557289
1997-12-01
11
1997AJ....114.2505S
[ "Antlia", "discovered nearby dwarf galaxy", "metallicity relation", "dwarf galaxies", "dust", "significant amounts", "non-negligible amounts", "extant observations", "RGB", "1.24±0.10 Mpc" ]
[ "GALAXIES: PECULIAR", "LOCAL GROUP", "GALAXIES: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/118663" ]
[ "Sarajedini, Ata", "Claver, C. F.", "Ostheimer, James C., Jr." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.2395M", "1998ARA&A..36..435M", "1999A&A...352L..63P", "1999ApJ...517L..97V", "1999IAUS..192...17G", "2000AJ....119.1793N", "2000fepc.conf..287T", "2001AJ....122..825B", "2001ASPC..230..161H", "2002AJ....124.1328D", "2012MNRAS.419.1153P" ]
[ "1978MNRAS.183..569D", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1984ApJS...55...45Z", "1986ApJ...307....1S", "1990A&AS...86..473F", "1990AJ....100..162D", "1991AJ....102..628S", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1993AJ....106..986A", "1993AJ....106.1819K", "1994A&AS..106..275B", "1994MNRAS.270L..43K", "1994PASP..106..250S", "1994lgcg.conf....3V", "1995AJ....110.2105A", "1996A&A...315...40S", "1996AJ....112.1969O", "1996ApJ...461..713S", "1997AJ....114..996W", "1997RvMA...10...29G" ]
2028185
null
Extragalactic Content of Gamma-Ray Burst Localizations
Results of a deep, near-infrared survey of a predetermined, consistent sample of gamma-ray burst localizations are presented. This systematic study, conducted from 1994 to 1996, is the first to be designed specifically to examine the extragalactic content of these regions of sky. JHK images of nine of the smallest error boxes from the third Interplanetary Network together with 70 arcmin<SUP>2</SUP> of control fields were obtained, reaching levels up to 200 times fainter than those reached by previous infrared studies of burst locations. Photometric measurements and star/galaxy separation measurements of more than 3000 detected objects were made. <P />An overabundance of brighter galaxies exists in the gamma-ray burst images at the 98% confidence level, which indicates that the bursts are cosmological. Both the level of this enhancement and the galaxy brightness, where it appears, match what is expected for host galaxies. As a group, the brightest galaxy within each error box is slightly brighter than normal but is still consistent with a random population of galaxies. Their positions within the boxes are also consistent with a random distribution, with no preference toward the center. The bright galaxy excess in these regions of sky, combined with a seemingly random population of brightest error box galaxies, suggest that either the true host galaxies are fainter or the error boxes do not point accurately to the hosts.
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16.590147
0.187575
1997-12-01
16
1997ApJ...491...93L
[ "brightest error box galaxies", "brighter galaxies", "host galaxies", "galaxies", "previous infrared studies", "levels", "star/galaxy separation measurements", "control fields", "JHK images", "Interplanetary Network" ]
[ "Galaxies: Photometry", "Gamma Rays: Bursts", "Infrared: Galaxies", "Surveys" ]
0
[ "10.1086/304945" ]
[ "Larson, Samuel B.", "McLean, Ian S." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, 8371 MSA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; ,", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, 8371 MSA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; ," ]
[ "1997ApJ...491...86L", "1998ApJ...493..555B", "1998ApJS..118..353S", "1998AstL...24..427B", "1999A&AS..138..481B", "1999ASPC..190..219B", "1999ApJ...511..298V", "1999ApJ...511L..79S", "1999ApJ...514..862B", "1999ApJ...520..469T", "1999ApJ...524...92H", "1999PhR...314..575P", "2000RvMA...13..129K", "2004MNRAS.347.1011A", "2009grb..book.....V", "2021ApJ...923...38N" ]
[ "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1982A&A...107L...5A", "1985A&A...145..201M", "1986ApJ...303..336G", "1986MNRAS.223...11M", "1987ApJ...313..226S", "1987ApJS...64..305A", "1988Natur.332..234M", "1989AJ.....97..777E", "1989ApJ...345..245C", "1991ApJ...382...32N", "1992AJ....103..332W", "1992ApJ...395L..83N", "1992grbo.book..107S", "1993ApJ...415L...9G", "1993Natur.366...40F", "1993SPIE.1946..513M", "1994AIPC..307..458B", "1994AJ....108..600H", "1994ApJ...434..114C", "1994MNRAS.266...65G", "1994SPIE.2198..457M", "1995Ap&SS.231..217L", "1995ApJ...446..115V", "1995ApJS...97....1L", "1995ApJS...98..441G", "1996AAS...18910102H", "1996AIPC..384..382G", "1996AIPC..384..666L", "1996ApJ...460L..95L", "1996ApJ...464..342H", "1996ApJS..105..369M", "1997ApJ...479..868B", "1997ApJ...491...86L", "1997PhDT.........3L" ]
2028242
null
Active Galactic Nuclei and Galaxy Formation
It is proposed that early jet-induced activity around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is responsible for triggering large-scale star formation in protogalaxies and results in the formation of giant ellipticals and spheroids in the universe. Specifically, Begelman &amp; Cioffi's model for overpressured cocoons expanding into protogalactic environs yields size estimates that roughly correspond to those observed in present-day ellipticals. Within this framework, the most energetic radio jets trigger the formation of large ellipticals, while the systems with lower jet energies are responsible for the formation of smaller spheroids and bulges of galaxies. Further, the evolution of AGNs with redshift also explains the observed local density of spheroids. <P />Such a scenario naturally accommodates a wide variety of astrophysical observations, including the origin of the infrared Hubble diagram for the most powerful radio galaxies, the origin of galaxy morphologies, the existence of a morphology-density relation in galaxy clusters, angular correlations of QSOs, the observed properties of the highest redshift galaxies, and the correlation of central black hole mass with bulge luminosity in nearby galaxies.
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14.934111
6.441455
1997-12-01
13
1997ApJ...491...78C
[ "galaxy morphologies", "galaxy clusters", "nearby galaxies", "galaxies", "lower jet energies", "large ellipticals", "giant ellipticals", "angular correlations", "smaller spheroids", "central black hole" ]
[ "Galaxies: Active", "Galaxies: Elliptical and Lenticular", "cD", "Galaxies: Formation", "Galaxies: Jets" ]
0
[ "10.1086/304929" ]
[ "Chokshi, Arati" ]
[ "Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India" ]
[ "1999ASPC..162..449T", "1999AdSpR..23.1167L", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2001ApJ...560L.115G", "2003ASPC..290...11V", "2004A&A...415..931R", "2005MNRAS.364.1337S", "2006MNRAS.372..381B", "2007ApJ...658..217B", "2007MNRAS.380..703G", "2008ApJ...682L..17B", "2014MNRAS.441.1474I", "2023MNRAS.524.5327S" ]
[ "1967ApJ...147..868P", "1977MNRAS.179..541R", "1982MNRAS.200..115S", "1985ApJ...298...18F", "1986IAUS..119....1R", "1986IAUS..119..359B", "1987ApJ...319L..39M", "1987Natur.328..500O", "1987Natur.329..604C", "1988ApJ...325...74S", "1989ApJ...342L..59D", "1989ApJ...345L..21B", "1989MNRAS.238.1171D", "1989MNRAS.239P...1R", "1989MNRAS.240..591S", "1989epg..conf....1R", "1990ARA&A..28..437H", "1990ASPC...10..344L", "1990ApJ...348L...1C", "1990ApJ...351L...9E", "1990ApJ...354L...9C", "1990ApJ...355..416D", "1990ApJ...363...21C", "1990IAUCo.124..359H", "1990MNRAS.247...19D", "1990Sci...247..817R", "1990dig..book..440S", "1991AJ....101....5T", "1991ComAp..15..343C", "1991Natur.351..719R", "1992AJ....104....1H", "1992AJ....104..552L", "1992ASPC...31..159S", "1992ASPC...31..303S", "1992ApJ...392..458C", "1992ApJ...401L..69M", "1992MNRAS.259..421C", "1992MNRAS.259..725S", "1993ApJ...403..542L", "1993ApJ...407L..77E", "1993MNRAS.263..168H", "1993MNRAS.263..936D", "1994ASPC...54...23B", "1994ASPC...54..253R", "1994ApJ...420...58M", "1994mtia.conf.....S", "1994nngl.conf..379K", "1994pag..symp...23B", "1994pag..symp..253R", "1995ApJ...447L...1B", "1995ApJ...449L..29G", "1995ApJ...450..486B", "1995ApJ...450L..41B", "1995ApJ...454L..77M", "1995ApJ...454L.111J", "1995MNRAS.274..208N", "1995MNRAS.277..270S", "1995Natur.376..150D", "1995ebr..proc..237P", "1996ApJ...461...72E", "1996ApJ...462L..17S", "1996ApJ...463L..55K", "1996ApJ...465..157D", "1996ApJ...469..589M", "1996Natur.379..613M" ]
2028142
null
An Analysis of the Gamma-Ray Burst No-Host Problem
The lack of galaxies inside gamma-ray burst (GRB) error boxes has often been used to argue against the cosmological interpretation of this phenomenon. The fundamental problem with host galaxy tests is that our understanding of GRBs is too limited for constructing a sensitive measure of the presence of suitable hosts. In this paper the origin of the ``no-host'' problem is explained, and the tests used to make these inferences are evaluated. It is shown that these analyses are too dependent upon factors unrelated to bursts or to their host galaxies and that normal galaxies have not been eliminated as possible hosts. New data from a near-infrared sample of third Interplanetary Network error boxes, which reached levels deep enough to detect galaxies at every position, show the brightest galaxies to be at the distances (z ~ 0.2) and luminosities (L ~ 0.6L<SUB>*</SUB>) that are predicted by the simplest assumptions about cosmological GRBs.
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16.385567
0.257149
1997-12-01
10
1997ApJ...491...86L
[ "host galaxy tests", "normal galaxies", "third Interplanetary Network error boxes", "galaxies", "suitable hosts", "possible hosts", "cosmological GRBs", "Interplanetary Network", "bursts", "their host galaxies" ]
[ "Gamma Rays: Bursts", "Methods: Statistical" ]
0
[ "10.1086/304947" ]
[ "Larson, Samuel B." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, 8371 MSA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;" ]
[ "1997ApJ...491...93L", "1998AIPC..428..509F", "1998ApJ...492L.103P", "1998ApJ...493..555B", "1998ApJ...498L...9C", "1998AstL...24..427B", "1999ApJ...511..298V", "2001astro.ph.10051P", "2002JApA...23..123B", "2012grb..book..269F" ]
[ "1958AN....284..109M", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1982A&A...107L...5A", "1983MNRAS.204..675Z", "1983RMxAA...8...63B", "1987ApJ...313..226S", "1988ARA&A..26..509B", "1988Natur.332..234M", "1992ApJ...388L..45M", "1992ApJ...394L..33B", "1992ApJ...395L..83N", "1992grbo.book..107S", "1993ApJ...405..273W", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993Natur.366...40F", "1994AIPC..307..382S", "1994AJ....108..600H", "1994ApJ...434..114C", "1995ApJ...446..115V", "1995ApJ...450..512S", "1996AIPC..384..123B", "1996AIPC..384..666L", "1996AIPC..384..676L", "1996AJ....112.2500M", "1996ApJ...460L..95L", "1996ApJ...461L..69Q", "1996ApJ...464...60L", "1996ApJS..106...65M", "1997ApJ...491...93L", "1997IAUC.6674....2F", "1997IAUC.6676....3M", "1997Natur.387..476S", "1997Natur.387..878M" ]
2052166
null
Why Can We Detect the High-Redshift Quasar BR 1202-0725 in CO?
We present CO luminosity evolutions of both elliptical and spiral galaxies based on a galactic-wind model and a bulge-disk model, respectively. We have found that the CO luminosity peaks at around the epoch of the galactic wind caused by collective supernovae ~ 0.85 Gyr after the birth of the elliptical with M = 2 * 10(12) MO , while ~ 0.36 Gyr after the birth of the bulge with M = 2 * 10(11) MO . After these epochs, the CO luminosity decreased abruptly because the majority of the molecular gas was expelled from the galaxy system as wind. Taking account of typical masses of elliptical galaxies and the bulges of spiral galaxies, we suggest that CO emission can be hardly detected from galaxies with a redshift of z ~ 1--4 unless some amplification either by galaxy mergers and/or by gravitational lensing is working. Therefore, our study explains reasonably well why CO emission was detected from the high-redshift quasar BR 1202-0725 at z =4.7, while it was not detected from powerful radio galaxies with 1 &lt; z &lt; 4.
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13.348179
7.88512
1997-12-01
1
1997PASJ...49..647I
[ "elliptical galaxies", "spiral galaxies", "galaxy mergers", "powerful radio galaxies", "galaxies", "CO luminosity evolutions", "CO emission", "CO", "wind", "typical masses" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI OF", "RADIO LINES: CO", "RADIO SOURCES: AGNS" ]
1
[ "10.1093/pasj/49.6.647" ]
[ "Ikuta, Chisato", "Arimoto, Nobuo", "Sofue, Yoshiaki", "Taniguchi, Yoshiaki" ]
[ "Institute of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181", "Institute of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181", "Institute of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181", "Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-77" ]
[ "1999ASPC..156...45K" ]
[ "1980FCPh....5..287T", "1984PASJ...36..387T", "1986A&A...164..260A", "1986A&A...164L..22W", "1986ApJ...302..564S", "1987A&A...173...23A", "1989A&A...225....1W", "1989ApJ...336..606B", "1989ApJ...344..204S", "1989epg..conf..323A", "1990ApJ...363..451E", "1990agn..conf....1W", "1991A&A...249..374A", "1991AJ....102.1956B", "1991ApJ...379..177L", "1992AJ....104.2097W", "1992ApJ...391L..53H", "1992ApJ...393..134K", "1992ApJ...398L..29S", "1992ApJS...80..531F", "1992PASJ...44L.241T", "1993A&A...272..123S", "1993A&AS...97..887B", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993ApJ...414L...1H", "1993ApJ...418...11H", "1993ApJ...419...52R", "1993PASJ...45..529S", "1994AJ....107.2006D", "1994ApJ...423L..27Y", "1994Natur.367..250E", "1994Natur.371..586B", "1995A&A...297..643W", "1995A&A...304....1H", "1995ApJ...443L..65S", "1995ApJ...449L..29G", "1995ApJ...450L..41B", "1995ApJ...452L...9C", "1995MNRAS.276L..31S", "1995MNRAS.277..616T", "1996AJ....111.1021R", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1996AJ....112.1415J", "1996ApJ...457..658E", "1996ApJ...470L..85K", "1996Natur.382..426O", "1996Natur.382..428O", "1996PASJ...48..275A", "1997A&A...321..389V", "1997ApJ...485L..21S", "1997PASJ...49....1I", "1997PASJ...49..419T" ]
11644140
astro-ph/9801228
Detection of intergalactic red-giant-branch stars in the Virgo cluster
It has been suspected for nearly 50 years that galaxy clusters contain a population of intergalactic stars ripped from the galaxies during cluster formation, or when the galactic orbits pass through the cluster centre. Observational support for theexistence of such a stellar population is provided both by measurements of the diffuse light in clusters, and by the recent detection of planetary nebulae with positions or velocities far removed from any observable cluster galaxy,. But estimates for the mass of the diffuse population and its distribution relative to the cluster galaxies are still highly uncertain. Here we report the direct detection of intergalactic stars in deep images of a blank field in the Virgo cluster. The data suggest that these stars form approximately one-tenth of the total stellar mass of the cluster. We observe a relatively homogeneous distribution of stars, with evidence of a slight gradient towards M87.
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10.530498
8.084461
1998-01-01
144
1998Natur.391..461F
[ "galaxy clusters", "cluster formation", "intergalactic stars", "clusters", "stars", "any observable cluster galaxy", "deep images", "planetary nebulae", "the cluster galaxies", "the Virgo cluster" ]
[ "Intergalactic Media", "Red Giant Stars", "Virgo Galactic Cluster", "Star Distribution", "Planetary Nebulae", "Stellar Orbits", "Stellar Mass", "Astrophysics", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1038/35087", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9801228" ]
[ "Ferguson, Henry C.", "Tanvir, Nial R.", "von Hippel, Ted" ]
[ "Space Telescope Science Inst.", "Cambridge, Univ.", "Wisconsin, Univ., Madison" ]
[ "1998ApJ...501..554C", "1998ApJ...503..109F", "1998ESASP.429..249H", "1998MNRAS.298..577N", "1998Natur.396..549G", "1998astro.ph..5199T", "1999A&A...344..483L", "1999AJ....117..167G", "1999AJ....117..181K", "1999AJ....117.1206K", "1999ASPC..167..161M", "1999ASPC..167..175J", "1999ASPC..182..491D", "1999ASSL..237..145M", "1999Ap&SS.269..469E", "1999ApJ...512L..23S", "1999MNRAS.304..465M", "1999MNRAS.308..651B", "1999MNRAS.309..161M", "1999Msngr..98...50K", "1999PASP..111..385T", "1999cezh.conf..197T", "1999elss.conf..296T", "2000A&A...354..480P", "2000AIPC..522..107G", "2000ApJ...529..745F", "2000ApJ...536...19K", "2000ApJS..128..431F", "2000MNRAS.314..324C", "2000fepc.conf..126A", "2000lssx.proc..359G", "2001A&A...366..451A", "2001ApJ...559..791C", "2001MNRAS.322..658T", "2001PABei..19S..98S", "2001PASJ...53...53S", "2001astro.ph..7205W", "2001astro.ph.10456C", "2001stcl.conf..223H", "2002A&A...387L..10F", "2002AJ....123..760A", "2002ASPC..273...41F", "2002Ap&SS.281..347D", "2002ApJ...566..784C", "2002ApJ...567..762M", "2002ApJ...570..119D", "2002ApJ...571....1M", "2002ApJ...575..779F", "2002ApJ...580L.121G", "2002MNRAS.332..647Z", "2002PASJ...54....5T", "2002PASJ...54..883O", "2003A&A...399..489B", "2003A&A...405..803C", "2003A&A...408..431M", "2003AJ....125...66C", "2003AJ....125.1087G", "2003AJ....125.1642J", "2003ApJ...585..739W", "2003ApJ...591..749L", "2003ApJS..145...65F", "2003IAUS..208..237D", "2003IAUS..209..597F", "2003IAUS..209..607A", "2003MNRAS.344L..13E", "2003MSAIS...1..186M", "2003MSAIS...3..184A", "2003RMxAC..17...77D", "2003astro.ph..3035A", "2004A&A...416..119C", "2004A&A...417..401M", "2004A&A...421..583M", "2004A&A...425L..21D", "2004ApJ...609..617F", "2004ApJ...614L..33A", "2004ApJ...615..196F", "2004ApJ...617..879L", "2004IAUS..217...54A", "2004IAUS..217...90D", "2004IAUS..217..390M", "2004IAUS..217..480G", "2004astro.ph..7625F", "2004bdmh.confE..26A", "2004cgpc.symp..227D", "2004cgpc.symp..260R", "2004cgpc.symp..277M", "2004cgpc.sympE..14F", "2005A&A...439...35M", "2005AIPC..804..301A", "2005AJ....129.2585A", "2005ApJ...618..692N", "2005ApJ...631L..41M", "2005ApJ...632..847M", "2005ApJ...632..854V", "2005MNRAS.356..794D", "2005MNRAS.364.1069D", "2005PASJ...57..611Y", "2005RvMP...77..207V", "2006A&A...457..771A", "2006AJ....131..168K", "2006AJ....131.2417C", "2006AJ....131.2980S", "2006ApJ...644..843S", "2006IAUS..234...33F", "2007A&A...468..815G", "2007ApJ...654..835W", "2007ApJ...656..746D", "2007ApJ...656..756W", "2007ApJ...658..993T", "2007MNRAS.378.1575S", "2007PASJ...59..419A", "2008ASPC..399..352O", "2008ApJ...675..136Y", "2008ApJ...680..975M", "2008ApJ...688..198B", "2009A&A...507..621C", "2009ApJ...698.1879M", "2009ApJ...699.1518R", "2009JApA...30....1B", "2009MNRAS.399..628W", "2010ApJ...710.1589G", "2010ApJ...720..569R", "2011ApJ...730...23P", "2012ApJ...745...32B", "2012ApJ...757...48M", "2012ApJS..200....4F", "2013ApJ...764L..20M", "2013MNRAS.434.1443X", "2014ApJ...794..103D", "2014MNRAS.438.1922D", "2015A&A...579A.135L", "2015CaJPh..93..139B", "2017ApJ...834...16M", "2017ApJ...839..102H", "2017ApJ...850...49V", "2017MNRAS.467.4501H", "2018ApJ...862...99M", "2019AstBu..74..257T", "2019arXiv191201616M", "2022A&A...663A..12H", "2022FrASS...9.6326C", "2022FrASS...972283A", "2022arXiv221209569A", "2023MNRAS.525..994M" ]
[ "1951PASP...63...61Z", "1955ApJ...121..161S", "1960ApJ...131..585D", "1969BAAS....1..191G", "1975ApJ...196..647P", "1977PASP...89..466T", "1983ApJ...268..495M", "1984ApJ...276...26M", "1984ApJ...281...31T", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985AJ.....90.1681B", "1987PASP...99..191S", "1990A&AS...86..429C", "1990AJ.....99.1813C", "1991ApJ...369...46U", "1993ApJ...417..553L", "1994A&A...283...37V", "1994A&AS..106..275B", "1994ApJ...423..566S", "1994Natur.371..757F", "1995MNRAS.274.1093N", "1995MNRAS.275..781B", "1995Natur.377...27T", "1995PASP..107.1065H", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1996ApJ...457..455M", "1996ApJ...464L..51S", "1996ApJ...465...79S", "1996ApJ...472..145A", "1996Natur.379..613M", "1997ApJ...478...49S", "1997MNRAS.284L..11T" ]
11633236
astro-ph/9709067
A Statistical Treatment of the Gamma-Ray Burst ``No Host Galaxy'' Problem. I. Methodology
If gamma-ray bursts originate in galaxies at cosmological distances, the host galaxy should be detected if a burst error box is searched deeply enough; are the host galaxies present? We present and implement a statistical methodology that evaluates whether the observed galaxy detections in a burst's error box are consistent with the presence of the host galaxy, or whether all the detections can be attributed to unrelated background galaxies. This methodology requires the model-dependent distribution of host-galaxy fluxes. While our methodology was derived for galaxies in burst error boxes, it can be applied to other candidate host objects (e.g., active galaxies) and to other types of error boxes. As examples, we apply this methodology to two published studies of burst error boxes. We find that the nine error boxes observed by Larson and McLean are too large to discriminate between the presence or absence of host galaxies, while the absence of bright galaxies in the four significantly smaller error boxes observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (Schaefer et al.) does confirm that there is a ``no host galaxy'' problem within the ``minimal'' host-galaxy model.
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16.407822
0.305218
1998-01-01
18
1998ApJ...493..555B
[ "host galaxies", "burst error boxes", "error boxes", "galaxies", "bright galaxies", "unrelated background galaxies", "other candidate host objects", "host-galaxy fluxes", "the host galaxies", "the host galaxy" ]
[ "GALAXIES: GENERAL", "GAMMA RAYS: BURSTS", "METHODS: STATISTICAL", "Galaxies: General", "Gamma Rays: Bursts", "Methods: Statistical", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1086/305165", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9709067" ]
[ "Band, David L.", "Hartmann, Dieter H." ]
[ "CASS 0424, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kinard Laboratory of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634;" ]
[ "1998AstL...24..427B", "1999A&AS..138..481B", "1999ApJ...510...54H", "1999ApJ...511..298V", "1999ApJ...511L..79S", "1999ApJ...514..862B", "1999ApJ...520...54H", "1999PhR...314..575P", "2001AIPC..587..223B", "2001ApJ...561..171J", "2001astro.ph.10051P", "2007AdSpR..40.1236A", "2007ApJ...662..294O", "2008IAUS..250..443F", "2008mgm..conf..726F", "2011arXiv1106.5214V", "2012grb..book..269F", "2015AnRSA...2..113B" ]
[ "1989Natur.340..126E", "1992ARA&A..30..613K", "1992ApJ...395L..83N", "1992grbo.book..107S", "1993Natur.366...40F", "1993ppc..book.....P", "1994ApJ...426L...5H", "1995ApJ...446..115V", "1995ApJ...454..134H", "1995ApJ...454..593L", "1996AIPC..384..676L", "1996ApJ...460L..95L", "1997ApJ...480L..99G", "1997ApJ...482L.125L", "1997ApJ...487...96B", "1997ApJ...489..693S", "1997ApJ...489L.127S", "1997ApJ...490...99P", "1997ApJ...490L..21P", "1997ApJ...491...86L", "1997ApJ...491...93L", "1997IAUC.6660....1D" ]
11633279
astro-ph/9709042
Globular Cluster Systems of Early-Type Galaxies
Properties of 53 globular cluster systems are investigated. Strong correlations are found between parent galaxy luminosity and both the slope of the radial density profile for clusters and the width of the cluster color (metallicity) distribution. These correlations are in the sense that the most luminous early-type galaxies are embedded in cluster systems that have the shallowest radial gradients and exhibit the broadest color distributions. The data suggest a scenario in which luminous early-type galaxies have a more complex evolutionary history than fainter ones. A problem with the interpretation of the present data is that it is difficult, or impossible, to disentangle the strongly correlated effects of high parent galaxy luminosity, presence of a core or boxy isophotes, and shallow radial cluster density gradients.
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10.124189
7.959606
1998-01-01
12
1998ApJ...492...41V
[ "shallow radial cluster density gradients", "parent galaxy luminosity", "high parent galaxy luminosity", "cluster systems", "clusters", "luminous early-type galaxies", "Strong correlations", "53 globular cluster systems", "the shallowest radial gradients", "fainter ones" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "Galaxies: Evolution", "Galaxies: Stellar Content", "Astrophysics" ]
4
[ "10.1086/305036", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9709042" ]
[ "van den Bergh, Sidney" ]
[ "Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, National Research Council, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8X 4M6, Canada;" ]
[ "1998AJ....116...31B", "1998ApJ...505L.127V", "1999A&ARv...9..273V", "1999AJ....117.2398M", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000PASP..112..932V", "2003AN....324..242E", "2004ApJ...610..368W", "2008ApJ...679.1385R", "2009ApJ...691...83S", "2012ApJ...756L..18Y", "2014Ap.....57...59N" ]
[ "1981AJ.....86.1627H", "1986AJ.....91..822H", "1989A&A...215..266N", "1989A&A...217...35B", "1989PASP..101.1072V", "1991ARA&A..29..543H", "1993ASPC...48..472H", "1994AJ....108.1567J", "1996AJ....112.1487H", "1997A&A...319...83K", "1997ASPC..116..498K", "1997MNRAS.288..749M", "1998gmc..book.....V" ]
2065693
null
RR Lyrae Variables in the Inner Halo. I. Photometry
I present V-band CCD photometry for a sample of 103 RR Lyrae variables selected from the General Catalogue of Variable Stars to lie in the inner halo of the Galaxy (3 kpc &lt; R_GC &lt; 6 kpc). I also describe a method for obtaining the mean apparent magnitude and the epoch at maximum light of an RR Lyrae star. The method requires as few as five photometric observations, and simulations demonstrate that the associated errors are relatively small (~0.03 mag and ~0.03 days, respectively). I employ this method to derive the mean magnitudes and maximum light epochs of the 103 RR Lyrae stars observed. These stars were selected, based on their Galactic coordinates and original photographic photometry, to lie near their orbital tangent points, thus providing a sample well suited for measuring the rotational kinematics of the inner halo. Using interstellar reddenings from the literature and the observed mean V magnitudes, I derive distances for these stars and show that their actual locations in the Galaxy are indeed suitable for use in a kinematic study, despite the large zero-point errors in the survey photographic photometry. The results of the kinematic study will be presented in a separate paper.
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7.224036
9.318291
1998-01-01
71
1998AJ....115..193L
[ "RR Lyrae", "original photographic photometry", "maximum light epochs", "maximum light", "Galaxy", "Variable Stars", "an RR Lyrae star", "the observed mean V magnitudes", "interstellar reddenings", "V-band CCD photometry" ]
[ "Variable Stars", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Galactic Halos", "Star Distribution", "Astronomical Photometry", "Data Reduction", "Monte Carlo Method", "Computerized Simulation", "Error Analysis", "Astrophysics", "GALAXY: HALO", "GALAXY: STELLAR CONTENT", "STARS: DISTANCES", "STARS: POPULATION II", "STARS: VARIABLES: OTHER" ]
2
[ "10.1086/300195" ]
[ "Layden, Andrew C." ]
[ "Michigan, Univ., Ann Arbor" ]
[ "1998astro.ph..2093S", "1999A&A...344..494C", "1999AJ....117.1313L", "2000AJ....119.1760L", "2000AJ....120..284S", "2001MNRAS.324...77B", "2002AJ....123.2047S", "2002AJ....124.1528P", "2002PASP..114..645D", "2003AstL...29..468S", "2003MNRAS.345..747M", "2004AJ....127.1158V", "2004AJ....127.1486G", "2005PASP..117..721G", "2006AJ....132..714V", "2006AJ....132.1202K", "2006ApJ...649L..83S", "2006ApJ...653L.109D", "2006IBVS.5732....1H", "2006RMxAC..25...18M", "2007A&A...462.1007K", "2007A&A...476..779B", "2007IAUS..241..359M", "2008AJ....135.2084S", "2008ARep...52..539G", "2008ApJ...674L..81K", "2008ApJ...678..851K", "2008ApJ...678..865M", "2009AJ....137.4412M", "2010AJ....139..415K", "2010ApJ...708..293Y", "2010ApJ...708..717S", "2010ApJ...708L.121D", "2010ApJ...724..799Y", "2010MNRAS.407.1801R", "2011AJ....141...15K", "2011AJ....142..107K", "2011ASPC..451..139B", "2011MNRAS.410..504B", "2011OEJV..134....1H", "2012AJ....144...88H", "2012ApJ...756...23A", "2012MNRAS.427.3374M", "2013AJ....145...33K", "2013AJ....146..119K", "2014A&A...566A.118D", "2014AJ....148....8A", "2014ApJ...781...22Z", "2014ApJ...784...76Y", "2014MNRAS.441.1230A", "2014PASP..126..521S", "2015AJ....150..129S", "2015MNRAS.446.2251T", "2016AJ....151..118V", "2016AJ....152...55S", "2017AJ....153..179M", "2018ApJ...861...23J", "2018ApJS..237...28C", "2018ApJS..238....4P", "2019A&A...625A...1B", "2019AJ....158..105L", "2019ApJS..242....6P", "2020MNRAS.492.2161Z", "2021AJ....161..120M", "2021AJ....162..253M", "2021MNRAS.508.1064M", "2022AJ....164...40W", "2022ApJ...929..116O", "2022ApJ...935...34T", "2024ApJ...966..159F", "2024MNRAS.tmp..533C" ]
[ "1962ApJ...136..748E", "1978ApJ...225..357S", "1980MNRAS.193..295F", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1984mlcb.book.....N", "1987ASIC..207..281H", "1990ApJ...350..603S", "1990MNRAS.242...10S", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJ...386..663C", "1992ApJS...78...87M", "1993AJ....105..539M", "1993ARA&A..31..575M", "1993ASPC...48..302Z", "1994AJ....108..555W", "1994AJ....108.1016L", "1994AJ....108.1722K", "1994ApJ...431..645N", "1995AJ....110.2288L", "1995obas.book.....S", "1996AJ....112..668C", "1996AJ....112.2026W", "1996AJ....112.2110L", "1996ASPC...92..211Z", "1997AJ....113.1711C", "1997MNRAS.288..365B", "1997PASP..109..524L" ]
2068560
null
The MX Northern Abell Cluster Redshift Survey
The results from the COBE satellite show the existence of structure on scales ~10% or more of the horizon scale of the universe. Rich clusters of galaxies from the Abell/Abell, Corwin, &amp; Olowin catalogs show evidence of structure on scales of 100 h<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc and hold the promise of confirming structure on the scale of the COBE results. An impediment to that promise has been that redshift information has been unavailable for a large percentage of these clusters, so knowledge of their three-dimensional distribution has had large uncertainties. We have been working to greatly expand the sample of Abell clusters with reliable redshifts. <P />Our approach in this effort, through the MX Northern Abell Cluster Redshift Survey, has been to measure redshifts of at least 25 galaxies in each of 95 R &gt;= 1 Abell cluster fields with m<SUB>10</SUB> &lt;= 16.8 and zero or one previously measured redshift. Of these 95 observed Abell clusters, 88 new cluster redshifts were obtained with an average of nine cluster member galaxy redshifts per field. Two clusters were found to be chance projections of galaxies along the line of sight, while five cluster observations did not provide enough galaxy redshifts to make a positive identification. This work has resulted in a deeper, 98% complete, and more reliable sample of three-dimensional positions of rich Abell clusters in the northern hemisphere. <P />The primary intent of this survey has been to produce a larger and more complete sample of rich Abell clusters that can be used as tracers for large-scale structure. Through analyses with tools such as the two-point correlation function, power spectrum, and velocity dispersions, this sample can be used to constrain theoretical models better for the formation of structure we see in the universe today.
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12.67603
5.032095
1998-01-01
40
1998ApJS..115....1S
[ "Abell clusters", "rich Abell clusters", "enough galaxy redshifts", "Abell", "reliable redshifts", "redshift information", "redshifts", "nine cluster member galaxy redshifts", "structure", "galaxies" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "Galaxies: Distances and Redshifts", "Cosmology: Large-Scale Structure of Universe" ]
0
[ "10.1086/313079" ]
[ "Slinglend, K.", "Batuski, D.", "Miller, C.", "Haase, S.", "Michaud, K.", "Hill, J. M." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709", "Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ" ]
[ "1998ApJS..119..277G", "1999ApJ...520..491B", "1999ApJ...520L...5L", "1999ApJ...523..492M", "1999ApJ...524..536I", "1999ApJ...526L..61M", "1999ApJS..125...35S", "1999MNRAS.304L...5N", "1999PASP..111..438F", "1999PhRvL..83.4128A", "1999astro.ph..6423M", "2000A&AS..144..323S", "2000AJ....119.1562M", "2000AJ....120.2269P", "2000ApJ...544..104C", "2000ApJS..126..209R", "2000ApJS..129..435B", "2001ApJ...551..635M", "2001ApJ...559L..75M", "2002A&A...382..389K", "2002AJ....124.1918M", "2002ApJ...565..849C", "2002ApJ...579...93P", "2002PASP..114.1349X", "2003ApJ...585..182B", "2003ApJS..148..243B", "2003PASJ...55..891Z", "2004A&A...425..367B", "2004ApJ...613..752G", "2007AJ....133.2097C", "2007ApJS..170...33P", "2010A&A...522A..33H", "2010AJ....139..580R", "2011A&A...527A.114V", "2011MNRAS.410.1837P", "2012ApJS..199...26H", "2016AstBu..71..165Z", "2017ApJ...834...16M", "2017ApJ...835..280L", "2017MNRAS.464.3882W" ]
[ "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1970ApJ...162L.149B", "1979AJ.....84.1511T", "1981ApJ...248L..57K", "1983ApJ...270...20B", "1985AJ.....90.1413B", "1985ApJ...299....5B", "1986SPIE..627..693H", "1987ApJ...314..493K", "1989ApJS...70....1A", "1989Sci...246..897G", "1990AJ.....99.2019L", "1990AJ....100...32B", "1990Natur.343..726B", "1991ApJ...372..410H", "1991ApJ...376...43B", "1991ApJS...77..363S", "1991MNRAS.252..428E", "1992ApJ...384..404P", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1993AJ....106..831H", "1993AJ....106.1301Z", "1993ApJ...416...36P", "1994MNRAS.269..151D", "1996A&A...310....8K", "1996AAS...189.8805B", "1996ApJ...470..172S", "1997A&AS..123..119E", "1997ApJ...479L.101E" ]
2067741
null
The CNOC Cluster Redshift Survey Catalogs. IV. MS 1358.4+6245 and MS 1008.1-1224
Photometric and redshift catalogs of galaxies in the field of two rich galaxy clusters, MS 1358.4+6245 (z = 0.328) and MS 1008.1-1224 (z = 0.306), are presented as part of the CNOC cluster redshift survey carried out at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) using the MOS imaging multiobject spectrograph. The imaging and spectroscopic observations cover a mosaic of three MOS fields in the north-south direction of a total area of approximately 23.3 arcmin × 9.0 arcmin for MS 1358.4+6245 and a single field of 7.9 arcmin × 9.0 arcmin for MS 1008.1-1224. Redshifts for 361 galaxies, primarily ranging in magnitude from r = 20 to r = 22, and Gunn r and g photometry for 3015 galaxies to r = 24 mag were obtained. The data set is also presented graphically in several forms. The magnitude, color, and geometric selection functions for the redshift sample are presented and discussed.
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12.576945
5.507308
1998-01-01
24
1998ApJS..116..211Y
[ "Redshifts", "galaxies", "imaging multiobject spectrograph", "MOS", "=", "MS", "the CNOC cluster redshift survey", "several forms", "magnitude", "two rich galaxy clusters" ]
[ "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: MS 1008-24", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: MS 1358+6245", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "Galaxies: Clusters: Individual: Alphanumeric: MS 1358+6245", "Galaxies: Clusters: Individual: Alphanumeric: MS 1008-1224", "Galaxies: Distances and Redshifts", "Galaxies: Photometry" ]
0
[ "10.1086/313104" ]
[ "Yee, H. K. C.", "Ellingson, E.", "Morris, S. L.", "Abraham, R. G.", "Carlberg, R. G." ]
[ "Guest Observer, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, operated jointly by NRC of Canada, CNRS of France, and the University of Hawaii.; Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada; , .", "Guest Observer, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, operated jointly by NRC of Canada, CNRS of France, and the University of Hawaii.; CASA, CB 389, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; .", "Guest Observer, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, operated jointly by NRC of Canada, CNRS of France, and the University of Hawaii.; Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada; .", "Present address: Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge University, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, England.", "Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada; , ." ]
[ "1998ApJS..116..231A", "1998ApJS..116..247E", "1999A&AS..136..117L", "2000A&A...363..401L", "2000AJ....120...23H", "2001ApJ...548...79G", "2001ApJ...562L.125T", "2003A&A...398L...5E", "2003ApJ...585..215Y", "2003ApJ...598L..87Z", "2004A&A...422..907J", "2004MNRAS.350..253D", "2005ApJ...628L..97D", "2005ApJS..157..228S", "2005MNRAS.358.1116L", "2006ApJ...644..116M", "2006MNRAS.370..427B", "2007ApJ...659.1106M", "2009ApJ...705..854H", "2010A&A...520A.109K", "2010ApJS..188..280S", "2011AJ....141...94G", "2011MNRAS.413.1753Z", "2015A&A...575A..48S" ]
[ "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1985PASP...97..165K", "1989AJ.....98..227G", "1990ApJS...72..567G", "1991ApJ...381...33F", "1991ApJS...76..813S", "1991PASP..103..396Y", "1994ApJS...94..583G", "1996ApJ...462...32C", "1996ApJ...471..694A", "1996ApJS..102..269Y", "1996ApJS..102..289Y", "1997ApJ...475...29P", "1997ApJ...475..494L", "1997ApJ...478..462C", "1997ApJ...479...82S", "1997ApJ...479L..19C", "1997ApJ...488L..75B", "1997ApJS..113....1E" ]
2065752
null
Addendum: The Dwarf Irregular Galaxy Sextans A. II. Recent Star Formation History [Astron. J. 114, 2527 (1997)]
It is well known that different regions of dwarf galaxies can have very different color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). The implication is that each region has its own star formation history (SFH). An effort to understand the spatial variation of the SFH will not only reveal how these galaxies have evolved, but will illuminate the star formation process itself. In Paper I (Dohm-Palmer et al. 1997a), we describe Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 photometric data of the resolved stars in the nearby (D = 1.4 Mpc) dwarf irregular galaxy Sextans A (DDO 75 A1008-04). The CMDs produced from this data set are very accurate and align well with stellar evolution model predictions for a low-metallicity system. Especially important is the photometric separation of the blue He-burning (HeB) stars, the bluest part of the so-called blue-loop phase, from the main sequence. Paper II (Dohm-Palmer et al. 1997b) outlines a method for calculating the star formation rate (SFR) based on the blue HeB stars over the past 600 Myr. We have combined the spatial density distribution of the blue HeB stars with the SFR calculations to create a time sequence of SFR maps that can be viewed as a movie, a frame of which is shown in Figure 1. The SFR calculation for this movie used the Padua stellar evolution models for Z = 0.001 (Bertelli et al. 1994) and assumed a Salpeter initial mass function (see Paper II for details). The spatial density maps were created with a Gaussian convolution kernal with sigma = 84 pc. The movie has also been convolved in time, with sigma = 30 Myr. The SFR density ranges from 0 to 3700 M_⊙ Myr^-1 kpc^-2 where one star per convolution beam is roughly 60 M_⊙ Myr^-1 kpc^-2. Finally each frame is 1 kpc on a side, at the distance of Sextans A. The movie begins 700 Myr ago and goes through ~10 Myr steps to 100 Myr ago. The oldest star formation appears as a diffuse region in the lower part of the image. As time progresses, we see a patch of star formation move in from the bottom left corner. This appears to propagate toward the center of the image, peaking at about 370 Myr. This event then fades away as the young association in the bottom right comes to prominence at 200 Myr. Paper II provides a full discussion of the SFH of Sextans A and the implications of this movie. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
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10.359278
7.66882
1998-01-01
6
1998AJ....115..152D
[ "star formation move", "irregular galaxy Sextans A", "Hubble Space Telescope Wide", "ESA Hubble Space Telescope", "stellar evolution model predictions", "SFR maps", "Sextans A", "the blue HeB stars", "its own star formation history", "Paper II" ]
[ "ERRATA" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300171" ]
[ "Dohm-Palmer, Robbie C.", "Skillman, Evan D.", "Saha, A.", "Tolstoy, E.", "Mateo, Mario", "Gallagher, J.", "Hoessel, J.", "Chiosi, C.", "Dufour, R. J." ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455", "Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455", "Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218", "Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility, ESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany", "Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 821 Dennison Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1090", "Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706-1582", "Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706-1582", "Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy", "Department of Space Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Box 1892, Room 232, Space Sciences Building, Houston, TX 77251-1892" ]
[ "1998AJ....115.1869G", "1998AJ....116.2341V", "1999AJ....118.2705S", "2000AJ....120.2975S", "2000MNRAS.316..569H", "2022BAAS...54b.017S" ]
[ "1994A&AS..106..275B", "1997AJ....114.2514D", "1997AJ....114.2527D" ]
11633272
astro-ph/9711001
Galaxies Discovered behind the Milky Way by the Dwingeloo Obscured Galaxies Survey
Our Galaxy blocks a significant portion of the extragalactic sky from view, hampering studies of large-scale structure. This produces an incomplete knowledge of the distribution of galaxies and, assuming that galaxies trace mass, of the gravity field. Further, just one unrecognized, nearby massive galaxy could have a large influence over the Milky Way's motion with respect to the cosmic microwave background. Diligent surveys in the optical and infrared wave bands can find galaxies through moderate Galactic gas and dust, but close to the Galactic plane only radio surveys are effective. The entire northern zone of avoidance is being searched at 21 cm for galaxies using the Dwingeloo 25 m telescope. A shallow search for nearby and/or massive galaxies has been completed, yielding five objects. Two of these galaxies were previously unknown, and although they are not likely members of the Local Group, they are part of the nearby universe. A deeper search continues, which will produce a flux-limited catalog of hidden galaxies. This portion of the survey is one-third complete and has detected about 40 objects to date. Based on present understanding of the H i mass function, the complete survey should uncover 50-100 galaxies.
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11.938153
7.264335
1998-02-01
43
1998AJ....115..584H
[ "nearby massive galaxy", "galaxies", "hidden galaxies", "Diligent surveys", "nearby and/or massive galaxies", "moderate Galactic gas", "i mass function", "present understanding", "Galactic", "these galaxies" ]
[ "Milky Way Galaxy", "Galactic Structure", "Interstellar Matter", "Local Group (Astronomy)", "Astronomical Catalogs", "Astronomy", "GALAXIES: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: ISM", "ISM: ATOMS", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1086/300215", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9711001" ]
[ "Henning, P. A.", "Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.", "Rivers, A. J.", "Loan, A. J.", "Lahav, O.", "Burton, W. B." ]
[ "New Mexico, Univ., Albuquerque", "Paris, Observatoire", "New Mexico, Univ., Albuquerque", "Cambridge, University", "Cambridge, University", "Leiden Observatory" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.2717S", "1998MNRAS.299...24L", "1999A&AS..135..221K", "1999AJ....117..194B", "1999ASPC..170..103K", "1999ASPC..170..331H", "1999ASPC..170..334R", "1999ApJS..124...33B", "1999PASA...16...35H", "1999PASA...16...48R", "1999irpa.conf...67A", "1999ldss.work...23K", "2000A&A...362..544K", "2000A&ARv..10..211K", "2000A&AS..141..123K", "2000AJ....119.1627J", "2000AJ....119.2686H", "2000AJ....120..298J", "2000AJ....120.1876H", "2000ASPC..218...61H", "2000ApJ...530L..61Z", "2000LNP...556..301K", "2001A&A...366..428K", "2001A&A...377..801H", "2001ASPC..240..589H", "2002A&A...392..417D", "2002AJ....123..873P", "2002APh....17..319E", "2002ASPC..273..255J", "2003AJ....126.2362M", "2004MNRAS.350.1195M", "2005AJ....129..220D", "2005ASPC..329..199H", "2005ApJ...623..148S", "2005MNRAS.359L..53B", "2007AN....328..376V", "2008AJ....136.1866K", "2010AJ....139.2130H", "2011ApJ...739L..26M", "2015AJ....150...28M", "2019ApJ...874...46B", "2019MNRAS.489.2907S", "2024A&A...686A..18M" ]
[ "1968ApJ...154..845G", "1968PASP...80..618M", "1971A&A....12..264B", "1971ApJ...169L..71S", "1972ApJ...176..315R", "1972NPhS..235...53L", "1973A&AS....8....1W", "1973MNRAS.165..213L", "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1975MNRAS.170..503D", "1976A&A....47..381B", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1978ApJ...225...40B", "1979ApJ...232..352S", "1980A&AS...41..189R", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1985PhDT.......214S", "1986ApJ...307....1S", "1986ApJ...308..600T", "1987ApJ...320L..99K", "1988ApJS...67....1T", "1989ApJ...341..129B", "1989RvMA....2..119K", "1990A&A...233...16C", "1990A&A...237..296S", "1990ApJ...357..388L", "1992ApJS...78..365H", "1993ApJ...419..515R", "1994AJ....107.1328V", "1994ASPC...67.....B", "1994Natur.372...77K", "1994PhDT.......225H", "1995AJ....110.1584K", "1995ApJ...450..578H", "1995IAUC.6159....1M", "1996A&A...305L..25H", "1996A&A...307..424L", "1996A&A...309..687B", "1996ASPC..106..323S", "1996ApJ...461..609S", "1996MNRAS.280..537L", "1996PASJ...48...19K", "1997A&A...324..899T", "1997PASA...14...15K", "1997PASA...14..111S", "1997PASA...14..126Z", "1997PhDT........28L", "1997agnh.book.....H" ]
2066082
null
Testing Cosmological Models by Gravitational Lensing. I. Method and First Applications
Gravitational lensing directly measures mass density fluctuations along the lines of sight to very distant objects. No assumptions need to be made concerning bias, the ratio of fluctuations in galaxy density to mass density. Hence, lensing is a very useful tool for studying the universe at low to moderate redshifts. <P />We describe in detail a new method for tracing light rays from redshift zero through a three-dimensional mass distribution to high redshift. As an example, this method is applied here to a standard cold dark matter universe. We obtain a variety of results, some of them statistical in nature, others from rather detailed case studies of individual lines of sight. Among the statistical results are the frequency of multiply imaged quasars, the distribution of separation of multiple quasars, and the redshift distribution of lenses, all as functions of quasar redshift. We find effects ranging from very weak lensing to highly magnified multiple images of high-redshift objects, which for extended background sources (i.e., galaxies) range from slight deformation of shape to tangentially aligned arclets to giant luminous arcs. <P />Different cosmological models differ increasingly with redshift in their predictions of mass (and thus gravitational potential) distributions. Our ultimate goal is to apply this method to a number of cosmogonic models and to eliminate some models for which the gravitational lensing properties are inconsistent with those observed.
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12.491714
3.613619
1998-02-01
105
1998ApJ...494...29W
[ "high redshift", "moderate redshifts", "quasar redshift", "redshift", "mass density fluctuations", "galaxy density", "cosmogonic models", "multiply imaged quasars", "multiple quasars", "cosmological models" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "COSMOLOGY: GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "METHODS: NUMERICAL", "Cosmology: Theory", "Cosmology: Gravitational Lensing", "Methods: Numerical" ]
1
[ "10.1086/305174" ]
[ "Wambsganss, Joachim", "Cen, Renyue", "Ostriker, Jeremiah P." ]
[ "Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, 14482 Potsdam, Germany;", "Princeton University Observatory, Princeton, NJ 08544; ,", "Princeton University Observatory, Princeton, NJ 08544; ," ]
[ "1998ESASP.429...89S", "1998PhRvD..58f3501H", "1998astro.ph..9008S", "1999ARA&A..37..127M", "1999ApJ...510...54H", "1999ApJ...517..565P", "1999ApJ...520L...9M", "1999MNRAS.302..801H", "1999MNRAS.303L..47E", "1999MNRAS.305..746M", "1999MNRAS.306..567F", "1999MNRAS.308..180C", "1999MNRAS.310..453B", "1999PThPS.133...85T", "1999astro.ph..1287J", "2000A&A...358...13B", "2000AIPC..540..227F", "2000ApJ...529...56H", "2000ApJ...530...17W", "2000ApJ...530..547J", "2000ApJ...531..613B", "2000ApJ...534...29H", "2000ApJ...537....1W", "2000ApJ...537...28M", "2000ApJ...538....1F", "2000ApJ...538..528S", "2000MNRAS.314..338M", "2000MNRAS.317..265M", "2000MNRAS.318..109M", "2000MNRAS.318..145M", "2000MNRAS.318..195B", "2000MNRAS.319..267B", "2000NuPhS..81...11G", "2000PhLB..486..249G", "2000PhST...85...47G", "2000tias.conf....1F", "2001ApJ...546..769M", "2001ApJ...547..560M", "2001ApJ...559..531K", "2001ApJ...561..491K", "2001ApJ...563..489T", "2001ApJS..135....7P", "2001MNRAS.321..187P", "2001MNRAS.322..107M", "2001MNRAS.327..339M", "2001MNRAS.328..653L", "2001PhR...340..291B", "2001astro.ph..8160K", "2002ApJ...566..652L", "2002ApJ...573..562M", "2002ApJ...580....2O", "2002MNRAS.329..797M", "2002MNRAS.331..180F", "2002MNRAS.334..637M", "2002MNRAS.337.1163O", "2003A&A...397..415C", "2003ARA&A..41..645R", "2003ApJ...592..699V", "2003MNRAS.338..846M", "2003PhRvD..68l3516K", "2004A&A...417..873S", "2004ApJ...606L..93W", "2004LNP...646..191F", "2004MNRAS.347..654V", "2004MNRAS.350...77M", "2004mmu..symp..270F", "2005A&A...442..413M", "2005ASSL..332...97F", "2005ApJ...635L...1W", "2005JCAP...03..005W", "2005MNRAS.356..386V", "2005MNRAS.360.1401M", "2005MNRAS.362.1301M", "2005RSPTA.363.2675M", "2005astro.ph..9252S", "2006ApJ...639..695W", "2006MNRAS.365..496M", "2007A&A...461...25M", "2007MNRAS.376..113A", "2008ApJ...676..753W", "2008MNRAS.391..435F", "2008PThPh.120..961Y", "2008PhR...462...67M", "2009A&A...499...31H", "2009A&A...508..141F", "2010A&A...519A..90M", "2010PhRvD..81d3519K", "2011ApJ...742...15T", "2011MNRAS.414.2235K", "2012MNRAS.420..155K", "2012MNRAS.427.3134B", "2012PhRvD..85j3513K", "2012arXiv1211.0011H", "2013ApJ...774...49B", "2013PhRvD..87b3511Y", "2014MNRAS.443.3631M", "2014MNRAS.444.2925A", "2014MNRAS.445.1942M", "2014MNRAS.445.1954P", "2015MNRAS.447.1319F", "2017MNRAS.471.3899B", "2020MNRAS.493..305H", "2021ApJ...915...75X", "2023ApJ...948...56S", "2023MNRAS.525.4367H" ]
[ "1980PrOpt..18..257B", "1983ApJ...267..488V", "1984ApJ...284....1T", "1986ApJ...300...68O", "1986ApJ...310..568B", "1987A&A...183..189S", "1987ApJ...320..468H", "1987ApJ...321..658B", "1987ApJ...321..676K", "1987ApJ...321..686K", "1987Natur.325..507K", "1988ASPC....2....1B", "1988ApJ...327..526S", "1988ApJ...330....1S", "1988MNRAS.231P..97N", "1988MNRAS.235.1073K", "1989AcA....39..301J", "1990ApJ...357...32L", "1990ApJ...358L..33W", "1990ApJ...365...22J", "1990PhDT.......180W", "1991A&A...248..349B", "1991ApJ...374...83R", "1991MNRAS.249..288P", "1991MNRAS.249..430J", "1991MNRAS.250..407B", "1991MNRAS.253...99F", "1992ApJ...384....1K", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992ApJ...399L.109K", "1992ApJS...78..341C", "1992grle.book.....S", "1993A&A...280L...7B", "1993ApJ...403..517W", "1993ApJ...404..441K", "1993ApJ...416..425M", "1993ApJ...417..450K", "1994A&A...281L..97S", "1994A&A...284..285K", "1994ApJ...423....1C", "1994ApJ...430L..89G", "1994MNRAS.267L...1N", "1994MNRAS.271...31M", "1995ApJ...453..545K", "1995ApJ...454....1S", "1995Sci...268..274W", "1997ApJ...475L..81W" ]
2065701
null
NGC 3081: Surface Photometry and Kinematics of a Classic Resonance Ring Barred Galaxy
This paper presents a detailed photometric and kinematic study of the well-known Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 3081, one of the best examples of a resonance ring barred galaxy in the sky. Improved optical images compared to previous studies reveal that NGC 3081 is a classic R_1R^'_2 galaxy, a type that shows a distinctive outer ring/pseudoring pattern at large radii that can be linked to orbit families at the outer Lindblad resonance (OLR). Together with an exceptionally strong inner ring and a blue nuclear ring, NGC 3081 has the rare distinction of having all four of the main types of resonance rings that have been predicted by test-particle models of barred spirals. Near-infrared imaging of NGC 3081 reveals clear old rings connected to the inner ring and the R_1 outer ring. Objective comparison of the B- and H-band positions of the inner ring indicates no significant difference in shape, major-axis position angle, or major-axis radius between the two passbands, in spite of the different stellar populations each band emphasizes. Imaging Fabry-Perot interferometry provides an intriguing picture of star formation in the galaxy and of the dynamics of the system. Hα emission is strong in the inner ring and is confined to a bounded elliptical annulus of diffuse emission whose ellipticity increases from the inner edge to the outer edge. A few H ii regions are connected to the strong R_1-type outer ring, particularly just off the major axis of the inner ring where ``dimples,'' typical of the R_1 morphology, are found. There is bright emission in an oval zone in the inner 10" radius, but no enhancement of emission is associated with the blue-light nuclear ring. Since most of the emission is connected with the intrinsically oval inner ring and the bright center, the global dynamics of the galaxy are uncertain. Nevertheless, using a combination of the gravitational potential derived from the H-band light distribution and a simple halo model, we estimate the pattern speed and the location of all major resonances in the disk of NGC 3081. We find that NGC 3081 fits extremely well into recent ideas of barred galaxy dynamics.
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11.174545
7.709095
1998-02-01
52
1998AJ....115..484B
[ "resonance rings", "clear old rings", "barred galaxy dynamics", "a resonance ring barred galaxy", "NGC", "bright emission", "diffuse emission", "large radii", "Hα emission", "the inner ring" ]
[ "Galactic Structure", "Astronomical Photometry", "Resonance", "Ring Galaxies", "Morphology", "H Alpha Line", "Fabry-Perot Interferometers", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC 3081", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE" ]
3
[ "10.1086/300225" ]
[ "Buta, R.", "Purcell, Guy B." ]
[ "Alabama, Univ., Tuscaloosa, AL", "Alabama, Univ., Tuscaloosa, AL" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.1142B", "1998AJ....116.2834E", "1999AJ....117..778B", "1999AJ....118.2071B", "1999ASPC..182..231B", "1999Ap&SS.269...79B", "1999ApJ...510..669S", "1999ApJ...516...97N", "1999ApJ...526...97R", "1999ApJS..120..209N", "2000A&A...358...45P", "2000AJ....120.1289B", "2000ASPC..197...11B", "2000ASPC..209..325F", "2000ApJS..128..139F", "2001AJ....122..885S", "2002A&A...389...68G", "2002ASPC..275..185B", "2002ApJS..143..113W", "2002IAUS..207..447B", "2003AJ....125..634B", "2003ApJS..146..353M", "2003MNRAS.343..192R", "2003MNRAS.346.1031P", "2004A&A...415..941E", "2004A&A...423..849G", "2004A&A...428..373B", "2004AJ....127.1982B", "2004AJ....128..183B", "2004ARA&A..42..603K", "2004ApJ...605..714D", "2004MNRAS.349..933R", "2006AJ....131.1377B", "2006AJ....132.1859B", "2006AJ....132.2634L", "2007A&A...472...63R", "2007AJ....133.2584Z", "2008MNRAS.388.1803R", "2009A&A...500.1287S", "2009ApJ...707.1676C", "2009NewAR..53..169M", "2011A&A...533A.104E", "2011AstL...37..563K", "2011MNRAS.417L..46R", "2012MNRAS.420.1158M", "2013seg..book..155B", "2014MNRAS.439.3847R", "2016MNRAS.457..972S", "2017MNRAS.470.3819B", "2019MNRAS.483.3404F", "2019MNRAS.487..444R", "2022MNRAS.514.5035L" ]
[ "1959HDP....53..275D", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1973MNRAS.163..163W", "1979ApJ...227..714K", "1979pkdg.conf..425C", "1980A&A....81..198C", "1980ApJ...237..404S", "1981ApJ...247...77S", "1982ApJ...258...64A", "1982PASP...94..244G", "1984MNRAS.209...93S", "1985AJ.....90.1038V", "1985ApJS...58...67T", "1985MNRAS.214..429G", "1985PASA....6..202S", "1985sgcc.book.....C", "1986AJ.....91.1301K", "1986ApJ...302..564S", "1986ApJS...61..609B", "1988A&A...200...29A", "1988A&AS...72..215P", "1988ApJ...324..154S", "1988ApJ...334..573T", "1988ang..book.....T", "1988cvip.book.....D", "1989A&A...223...47B", "1989A&ARv...1..261C", "1989ApJ...345..245C", "1989ApJ...345..730P", "1990ApJ...351...62B", "1991AJ....102.1715B", "1991ApJ...370..526C", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....103..757B", "1992AJ....103.1804B", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ASPC...23..258J", "1993A&A...277...27F", "1993AJ....105...97S", "1993AJ....105.1344B", "1994AJ....108..476B", "1994ApJ...437..162Q", "1994ApJS...95..107W", "1994cag..book.....S", "1995A&AS..111..115W", "1995ApJ...454..623K", "1995ApJS...96...39B", "1995ApJS..101..287T", "1996A&AS..118..461F", "1996ASPC...91..197E", "1996ASPC...91..244P", "1996ASPC...91..378F", "1996ApJ...470..790Q", "1996ApJ...472...83S", "1996ApJS..105...93E", "1996ApJS..105..353C", "1996FCPh...17...95B", "1996MNRAS.280....6X", "1997ApJS..110..299M" ]
2090543
null
A Systematic Search for Galaxies behind the Milky Way at Sagittarius
This is the second paper concerning our systematic search for galaxies behind the Milky Way at the galactic center region. The searched area was about 260 square degrees between l =~ -7(deg) and 16(deg) and b =~ -19(deg) and -1(deg) , and a total of 7154 galaxies and galaxy candidates with sizes of 0.1' or greater were identified. Among these detected objects, 52 are given in the ESO galaxy catalog and another 55 are associated with IRAS point sources containing 13 IRAS galaxies with known redshifts. We made a catalog of the detected objects, in which the position in (alpha , delta ) and (l, b), the size, and the features of the image, and the multiplicity are given for each object. The surface number densities of the detected objects mainly depend on the galactic latitude as well as on the distribution of nearby dark clouds. Although the sky distribution and size distribution of the detected objects show the presence of a cluster candidate of galaxies at a distance further than 100 Mpc, there is no evidence of any nearby clusters.
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11.895049
7.515803
1998-02-01
13
1998PASJ...50...37R
[ "galaxy candidates", "galaxy catalog", "galaxies", "size distribution", "IRAS point sources", "sizes", "nearby dark clouds", "l =", "IRAS point", "the detected objects" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTER OF", "GALAXIES: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE", "GALAXIES: MILKY WAY", "GALAXIES: SEARCH" ]
2
[ "10.1093/pasj/50.1.37" ]
[ "Roman, Adel T.", "Nakanishi, Kouichiro", "Saito, Mamoru" ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502; and National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan (11421), Cairo, Egypt", "Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502", "Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502" ]
[ "1998PASJ...50...47R", "1999ASPC..170..103K", "2000A&AS..144..475P", "2000ASPC..218...43R", "2000ApJS..127...27R", "2000MNRAS.316..326H", "2000PASA...17....6K", "2002AN....323...57K", "2003CSF....16...47R", "2021A&A...646A.146G", "2022arXiv221016332G", "2023A&A...669A...7G", "2024A&A...682A.153D" ]
[ "1962ApJS....7....1L", "1980mnoa.book.....D", "1982euse.book.....L", "1984A&AS...58..365F", "1987ApJ...322..706D", "1988IRASP.C......0J", "1990ARA&A..28...37M", "1990ARA&A..28..215D", "1990PASJ...42..603S", "1991PASJ...43..449S", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1991trcb.book.....D", "1992ApJS...83...29S", "1993ApJS...89...57Y", "1993PASJ...45...25Y", "1993psc..book.....B", "1994ASPC...67...89K", "1994ASPC...67..131W", "1994ulss.conf...89K", "1994ulss.conf..131W", "1995ApJS..100...69F", "1995PhDT.......169H", "1996A&AS..117....1S", "1996PASJ...48..679R", "1997ApJS..109..461B", "1997ApJS..112..245N" ]
2090651
null
A Redshift Survey for Galaxies behind the Milky Way near the Galactic Center
The galaxy search at the region near the galactic center is still highly incomplete. This paper presents results of our redshift measurements for a random sample of galaxies and galaxy candidates at l =~ 18(deg) to 41(deg) and b =~ -17(deg) to 17(deg) , most of which were newly identified through our previous optical search. We have obtained 78 new radial velocities, and found two regions with enhanced density at around l =~ 32(deg) , cz =~ 1500 km s(-1) and at l =~ 30(deg) to 40(deg) , cz =~ 6000 to 7000 km s(-1) . Our data rule out the possible presence of a nearby large void at the region cz &lt; 6000 km s(-1) around l= 30(deg) , which has been induced from the results of a systematic search for IRAS galaxies.
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12.52333
5.562743
1998-02-01
13
1998PASJ...50...47R
[ "l =~ 18(deg", "galaxy candidates", "IRAS galaxies", "galaxies", "l= 30(deg", "cz", "results", "enhanced density", "l =~ 30(deg", "l =~ 32(deg" ]
[ "GALAXIES: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE", "GALAXIES: MILKY WAY", "GALAXIES: REDSHIFT" ]
0
[ "10.1093/pasj/50.1.47" ]
[ "Roman, Adel T.", "Takeuchi, Tsutomu T.", "Nakanishi, Kouichiro", "Saito, Mamoru" ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502; and National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan (11421), Cairo, Egypt", "Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502; and National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan (11421), Cairo, Egypt", "Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502; and National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan (11421), Cairo, Egypt", "Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502" ]
[ "1999PASA...16...35H", "1999PASA...16...48R", "1999PASA...16...53K", "2000A&ARv..10..211K", "2000AJ....119.2686H", "2000ASPC..218...61H", "2000ApJS..127...27R", "2000LNP...556..301K", "2000MNRAS.316..326H", "2008MNRAS.386.2221L", "2009PhRvD..80d3005E", "2012ApJS..199...26H", "2021MNRAS.503.5351S" ]
[ "1961cgcg.book.....Z", "1965cgcg.book.....Z", "1988IRASP.C......0J", "1989gcho.book.....H", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1991trcb.book.....D", "1992ApJS...83...29S", "1993ApJS...89...57Y", "1994A&AS..104..529T", "1994ASPC...67..131W", "1994ASPC...67..225B", "1994ASPC...67..297K", "1994ulss.conf..131W", "1994ulss.conf..225B", "1994ulss.conf..297K", "1995A&A...297..617K", "1995A&AS..110..269W", "1995ApJS..100...69F", "1995PhDT.......169H", "1996A&AS..117....1S", "1996A&AS..117..369L", "1996ApJ...457..693T", "1996ApJS..107..521V", "1996Natur.379..519K", "1996PASJ...48..679R", "1997ApJS..112..245N", "1998PASJ...50...37R" ]
11632234
astro-ph/9801013
Quasars and galaxy formation
The formation of massive black holes may precede the epoch that characterises the peak of galaxy formation, as characterized by the star formation history in luminous galaxies. Hence protogalactic star formation may be profoundly affected by quasar-like nuclei and their associated extensive energetic outflows. We derive a relation between the mass of the central supermassive black hole and that of the galaxy spheroidal component, and comment on other implications for galaxy formation scenarios.
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14.29907
6.883842
1998-03-01
2,117
1998A&A...331L...1S
[ "galaxy formation", "galaxy formation scenarios", "protogalactic star formation", "massive black holes", "luminous galaxies", "other implications", "the central supermassive black hole", "the star formation history", "the galaxy spheroidal component", "their associated extensive energetic outflows" ]
[ "GALAXY FORMATION: SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES", "QUASARS: OUTFLOWS", "Astrophysics" ]
82
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9801013" ]
[ "Silk, Joseph", "Rees, Martin J." ]
[ "Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, France", "Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK" ]
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2640274
astro-ph/9803030
The seeds of rich galaxy clusters in the Universe
The discovery of a population of young galaxies at a redshift when the Universe was about a tenth of its current age has shed new light on the question of when and how galaxies formed. Within the context of popular models, this is the population of primeval galaxies that built themselves up to the size of present-day galaxies through the process of repeated mergers called hierarchical clustering. But the recent detection of a large concentration of these primeval galaxies appears to be incompatible with hierarchical clustering models, which generally predict that clusters of this size are fully formed later in time. Here we use a combination of theoretical techniques - semi-analytic modelling and n-body simulations - to show that such large concentrations should be quite common in a universe dominated by cold dark matter, and that they are the progenitors of the rich galaxy clusters seen today. We predict the clustering properties of primeval galaxies which should, when compared with data that will be collected in the near future, test our current understanding of galaxy formation within the framework of a universe dominated by cold dark matter.
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12.495757
6.548045
1998-03-01
145
1998Natur.392..359G
[ "primeval galaxies", "galaxy formation", "young galaxies", "galaxies", "hierarchical clustering models", "such large concentrations", "cold dark matter", "hierarchical clustering", "the rich galaxy clusters", "these primeval galaxies" ]
[ "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1038/32837", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9803030" ]
[ "Governato, F.", "Baugh, C. M.", "Frenk, C. S.", "Cole, S.", "Lacey, C. G.", "Quinn, T.", "Stadel, J." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.1055S", "1998ApJ...503..543G", "1998ApJ...505...18A", "1998ApJ...506...19W", "1998ApJ...509...16C", "1998ESASP.429...33E", "1998MNRAS.298.1097P", "1998MNRAS.299...95M", "1998MNRAS.300..183C", "1998MNRAS.300..817H", "1998MNRAS.300..945C", "1998Natur.395A...3E", "1998PhR...307...15P", "1998astro.ph..6201P", "1999AIPC..470..147W", "1999AJ....117.1651G", "1999AJ....118...76R", "1999ASPC..163..227B", "1999ASPC..176..341L", "1999ASPC..191..341W", "1999ASPC..191..353B", "1999Ap&SS.269..209S", "1999ApJ...510..531P", "1999ApJ...514..535H", "1999ApJ...519....1S", "1999ApJ...520....1C", "1999ApJ...521L..99P", "1999ApJ...523...32C", "1999ApJ...523..463K", "1999ApJ...523L.109K", "1999MNRAS.303..188K", "1999MNRAS.304..175M", "1999MNRAS.305L..21B", "1999MNRAS.306..779D", "1999MNRAS.307..529K", "1999MNRAS.309..208M", "1999MNRAS.310..540A", "1999MNRAS.310..703P", "1999PNAS...96.4232S", "1999RSPTA.357..153S", "1999elss.conf..321C", "1999elss.conf..392L", "1999mdrg.conf..265B", "2000A&A...354..815S", "2000A&A...361L..25P", "2000ASPC..195..248S", "2000ASPC..200...29W", "2000ASPC..200..109C", "2000ApJ...528....1N", "2000ApJ...532..170S", "2000ApJ...542...57C", "2000ApJ...542..710G", "2000MNRAS.311..279M", "2000MNRAS.311..576K", "2000MNRAS.311..793B", "2000MNRAS.312..781L", "2000MNRAS.314..611C", "2000MNRAS.316..107B", "2000MNRAS.318..665D", "2000MNRAS.318..889W", "2000MNRAS.318..913M", "2000MNRAS.318.1177D", "2000MNRAS.318.1189D", "2000MNRAS.319..168C", "2000NuPhS..80C0906G", "2000astro.ph..6364S", "2001A&A...373..494R", "2001ApJ...547..555G", "2001ApJ...550..177G", "2001ApJ...554...85W", "2001ApJ...559..620P", "2001ApJ...559..716T", "2001ApJ...562L..23M", "2001ApSSS.277..543K", "2001MNRAS.320..261B", "2001MNRAS.320..504S", "2001MNRAS.321..450T", "2001MNRAS.324..757G", "2001MNRAS.325.1039B", "2001MNRAS.326..649P", "2001MNRAS.327.1041B", "2001MNRAS.328...64N", "2001MNRAS.328..726S", "2001MmSAI..72..115P", "2001astro.ph.11309G", "2001astro.ph.12504P", "2002ARA&A..40..579G", "2002ASPC..253..181P", "2002ApJ...564..604F", "2002ApJ...565...24P", "2002ApJ...571...15W", "2002MNRAS.333..156B", "2002MNRAS.336..112M", "2002MNRAS.337.1193M", "2002NuPhS.110..115G", "2002luml.conf..524D", "2003ApJ...593....1B", "2003ApJ...594...75K", "2003ApJ...594..172N", "2003IAUS..212..671P", "2003MNRAS.338..903H", "2003MNRAS.343..367B", "2003MNRAS.346..565R", "2003mglh.conf..284P", "2004AJ....128..569M", "2004AJ....128.2073H", "2004ApJ...601....1W", "2004ApJ...609...35K", "2004ApJ...610...61Z", "2004ApJ...614..533T", "2004AstHe..97..628M", "2004MNRAS.351..265D", "2004MNRAS.353..189V", "2004MNRAS.354..387K", "2004cgpc.symp..325B", "2005A&A...439..877L", "2005ApJ...634L.125M", "2006ApJ...637..631K", "2006ApJ...641L..17F", "2006ApJ...643L.139F", "2006MNRAS.366.1346S", "2006MNRAS.369.1869C", "2006MNRAS.371.1173V", "2006PASJ...58..931H", "2007ASPC..380..399F", "2007ApJ...669..692Q", "2008ApJ...679.1192C", "2008arXiv0803.2575H", "2008arXiv0804.4156W", "2009ApJ...691..687L", "2010MNRAS.405.1573B", "2010PhR...495...33B", "2011MNRAS.414....2B", "2012MNRAS.423.3709G", "2013ApJ...765...87L", "2013MNRAS.435.2764M", "2014ApJ...782...19S", "2015MNRAS.450.2615S", "2016A&ARv..24...14O", "2016MNRAS.455.2363H", "2016MNRAS.461..176P", "2016MNRAS.461.2944A", "2019MNRAS.488.2977O", "2021ApJ...919...51M", "2022MNRAS.517.6004W" ]
[ "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1989AJ.....97.1539E", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1993MNRAS.264..201K", "1993Natur.366..429W", "1994MNRAS.271..781C", "1995AJ....110.2519S", "1995ApJ...441...18M", "1995Sci...268..829S", "1996ApJ...461..534L", "1996ApJ...462L..17S", "1996ApJ...467L...9M", "1996MNRAS.281..487K", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1996MNRAS.283.1361B", "1996MNRAS.283.1388M", "1996Natur.383...45P", "1997ApJ...481..673L", "1997MNRAS.286..795K", "1998ApJ...492..428S" ]
2087709
null
Clumpy star-forming regions as the origin of the peculiar morphology of high-redshift galaxies
Many high-redshift galaxies have peculiar morphologies and photometric properties. It is not clear whether these peculiarities originate in galaxy-galaxy interactions (or mergers) or are intrinsic to the galaxies, a natural consequence of the star formation process in primeval systems. Here I report the results of numerical simulations of protogalaxy evolution, which show that the gas-rich disk of a young galaxy becomes gravitationally unstable and fragments into massive clumps of sub-galactic size. Most of the stars are formed in these discrete clumps, thereby providing a natural explanation for the peculiar morphology of high-redshift galaxies. The dynamical evolution of these young systems is dominated by the clumps and ultimately leads to structures resembling present-day galaxies, with a spheroidal bulge and an exponential disk. I interpret the differences between the Hubble types of galaxies as resulting from different timescales of disk formation. Finally, the model provides a causal link between the emergence of quasar activity and the dynamical evolution of the host galaxy.
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11.431893
6.953254
1998-03-01
123
1998Natur.392..253N
[ "galaxies", "galaxy-galaxy interactions", "massive clumps", "disk formation", "protogalaxy evolution", "Many high-redshift galaxies", "high-redshift galaxies", "sub-galactic size", "present-day galaxies", "a young galaxy" ]
[ "Peculiar Stars", "Star Formation", "Stellar Structure", "Galactic Evolution", "Gravitational Collapse", "Galactic Bulge", "Red Shift", "Digital Simulation", "Galactic Structure", "Hubble Constant", "Quasars", "Astrophysics" ]
4
[ "10.1038/32596" ]
[ "Noguchi, Masafumi" ]
[ "Tohoku Univ." ]
[ "1998ESASP.429...33E", "1998Natur.392..228W", "1999ASPC..182..547N", "1999AdSpR..23.1121N", "1999Ap&SS.265..213N", "1999ApJ...514...77N", "1999ApJ...527..673S", "2000AJ....120.1764M", "2000AJ....120.2513P", "2000ASPC..197....7N", "2000ASPC..211..258G", "2000ApJ...540L..79B", "2000ApJ...545..753B", "2000MNRAS.312..194N", "2001AJ....122..611V", "2001ApJ...555..289N", "2002A&A...394..927I", "2002ARA&A..40..487F", "2002ASPC..273..155B", "2002ApJ...578..151S", "2004ApJ...607....1W", "2004ApJ...611...20I", "2004PASA...21..110B", "2004PASA...21..121I", "2005ASSL..329...11G", "2005MNRAS.358.1477A", "2006EAS....20...89G", "2006MNRAS.370..753B", "2007ApJ...658..960C", "2007MNRAS.377L..20B", "2008ASPC..390..454A", "2008ApJ...685L..27R", "2010ApJ...718.1001B", "2010MNRAS.401.1826R", "2010MNRAS.406..535P", "2011ApJ...738....4B", "2011MNRAS.418.2527I", "2012A&A...546A..57U", "2012ASPC..458..227I", "2012MNRAS.422.1902I", "2013A&A...550A..11I", "2013ApJ...772...36G", "2013PASA...30...56G", "2014ApJ...786...15M", "2014JCAP...01..047D", "2014JCAP...04..021D", "2014MNRAS.437.1070G", "2014MNRAS.441..243I", "2014MNRAS.442.1230R", "2014SAAS...37....1B", "2014arXiv1412.4739R", "2015ApJ...805...34M", "2015ApJ...807..134G", "2015ApJ...810...18T", "2015ApJ...810...51M", "2015BaltA..24..277D", "2015MNRAS.450.2327Z", "2016AN....337..976K", "2016ASPC..507...27K", "2016Ap&SS.361..162D", "2016Ap&SS.361..222D", "2016ApJ...821...72S", "2016ApJ...830L..13M", "2016ApJ...833..103H", "2016MNRAS.456.2052I", "2016MNRAS.458..242T", "2016MNRAS.459..199G", "2016MNRAS.461.1745E", "2016PASA...33...23N", "2016arXiv160503384F", "2017AN....338..644M", "2017ApJ...844..165P", "2017Galax...5...17D", "2017MNRAS.467.1857B", "2017MNRAS.468.3628B", "2017MNRAS.471.2002L", "2017MNRAS.471.2642F", "2017PASA...34...41N", "2018A&A...616A..86H", "2018ApJ...852..125R", "2018ApJ...853...67N", "2018ApJ...862L..12S", "2018MNRAS.474.3466I", "2018MNRAS.474.3629G", "2018MNRAS.475.5487S", "2018MNRAS.477.5072M", "2018PhRvD..98f3517D", "2019ApJ...878...21T", "2019MNRAS.485.3024I", "2019MNRAS.486.4845D", "2019MNRAS.486.5022B", "2019MNRAS.488..609I", "2019MNRAS.488.4400I", "2019MNRAS.489..176M", "2019MNRAS.490.4007B", "2019MNRAS.490.4465R", "2020ApJ...888...65G", "2020ApJ...890...63W", "2020MNRAS.491.5435B", "2020MNRAS.494L..37N", "2020MNRAS.496.5372D", "2020MNRAS.497.2371L", "2020MNRAS.498.2075O", "2021A&A...647A.145P", "2021ApJ...916....4T", "2021Galax...9..123D", "2021MNRAS.503.2814C", "2021MNRAS.503.5846R", "2021MNRAS.505.3579F", "2021MNRAS.506...84I", "2021MNRAS.506..323T", "2021MNRAS.507..834M", "2021MNRAS.507.5246M", "2021MNRAS.507.6140I", "2021MNRAS.508.1459H", "2021PDU....3300847D", "2022ARep...66..102D", "2022ApJ...926..224G", "2022Galax..10...69D", "2022MNRAS.510.1772N", "2022MNRAS.513.3429T", "2023ApJ...955...92V", "2023arXiv230211482T" ]
[ "1960ApJ...131..558V", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1976MNRAS.176...31L", "1979ApJ...234..829B", "1979ApJ...234..842T", "1981A&A....95..105V", "1981A&A....95..116V", "1985ApJ...289...81R", "1985MNRAS.215..125L", "1986MNRAS.219..305N", "1987MNRAS.225..607L", "1989PASJ...41..965F", "1990ApJ...363...40S", "1994ApJ...435L..19G", "1994ApJ...435L.101W", "1995AJ....110.1576C", "1995ARA&A..33..581K", "1995ApJ...451L...1S", "1996AJ....112..352S", "1996AJ....112..359V", "1996ApJ...457L...1L", "1996ApJ...469..605N", "1996MNRAS.279L..47A", "1996Natur.383...45P", "1997ApJ...486L..75F" ]
2066313
null
A CCD Study of the Environment of Seyfert Galaxies. II. Testing the Interaction Hypothesis
An analysis of the environment of a sample of 33 CfA Seyfert galaxies and a control sample of 45 nonactive galaxies matched in luminosity, redshift, and morphology to the Seyfert galaxies as reported in Paper I is presented. The covariance function amplitudes of the Seyfert and control samples are not statistically significantly different from one another and from the general field. Moreover, the companion frequency of the Seyfert galaxies, the probability of finding a companion galaxy brighter than -17.5 in R within 50 kpc (0.30 +/- 0.11), is not statistically significantly different from that for the nonactive control sample (0.23 +/- 0.09). <P />The mean environment of Seyfert 1 galaxies is found to be different from that of Seyfert 2 galaxies at greater than the 95% confidence level, in the sense that the latter have a larger covariance amplitude. Such evidence is problematic for the Unified Model, which attributes spectroscopic differences between the classes to purely geometric effects on the order of parsec scales. It cannot, however, account for differences on the order of 100 kpc scales. <P />It is argued that triggering of activity in galactic nuclei may involve a variety of mechanisms and may depend on the luminosity of the class. That is, while there is excellent evidence that QSOs, radio galaxies, and BL Lac objects inhabit environments significantly richer than the field, the same does not seem to be true for Seyfert galaxies and perhaps for LINERs. <P />Finally, because a significant fraction of Seyfert host galaxies show little or no evidence for a recent merger, it is suggested that ``minor mergers,'' mergers that involve a gas-rich disk galaxy and a bound companion or satellite galaxy, may play a significant role in triggering activity in Seyfert galaxies.
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14.676347
7.631463
1998-03-01
148
1998ApJ...496...93D
[ "Seyfert galaxies", "Seyfert host galaxies", "radio galaxies", "satellite galaxy", "CfA Seyfert", "Seyfert", "control samples", "33 CfA Seyfert galaxies", "Seyfert 1 galaxies", "Seyfert 2 galaxies" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "GALAXIES: STATISTICS", "Galaxies: Active", "Galaxies: Formation", "Galaxies: Interactions", "Galaxies: Seyfert", "Galaxies: Statistics" ]
0
[ "10.1086/305370" ]
[ "De Robertis, M. M.", "Yee, H. K. C.", "Hayhoe, K." ]
[ "Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, North York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.", "Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada.", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, North York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.; Current address, Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801." ]
[ "1998ApJS..119..239C", "1998PASP..110.1003K", "1998astro.ph..7136C", "1999A&A...342....1R", "1999A&A...348..113H", "1999AJ....117.1985Y", "1999AJ....117.2736M", "1999AJ....118.2108V", "1999AJ....118.2646M", "1999ASPC..166..138M", "1999ASPC..175..409D", "1999ApJ...513L.111D", "1999ApJ...516..563B", "1999ApJ...516..660H", "1999ApJ...524...65T", "1999ApJ...525...31S", "1999ApJ...525..621K", "1999ApJ...527..662P", "1999ApJS..125..363P", "1999MNRAS.303..641A", "1999MNRAS.309L..25N", "1999PASP..111.1410L", "1999RPPh...62..395A", "2000AJ....119.2664S", "2000AJ....120.1739V", "2000ASPC..195..365B", "2000ASPC..209..318B", "2000ASPC..221..261Z", "2000ApJ...528..276M", "2000ApJ...530L..73G", "2000ApJ...536L..73C", "2000ApJ...537..152K", "2000ApJ...538...98R", "2000MNRAS.316..267W", "2000MNRAS.317..907J", "2000MNRAS.319..807P", "2000PASP..112.1526L", "2001A&A...368...52E", "2001A&A...369..421B", "2001A&A...377...23Z", "2001AJ....121..702K", "2001AJ....121.2943B", "2001AJ....122...26B", "2001AJ....122.2243S", "2001AJ....122.2301R", "2001ASPC..249..284M", "2001Ap&SS.276..561C", "2001ApJ...554L..19T", "2001ApJ...555..663S", "2001ApJ...560..110W", "2001ApJ...562..139M", "2001MNRAS.323..231W", "2001MmSAI..72..163K", "2001sgnf.conf...88V", "2002A&A...394..405O", "2002ARA&A..40..579G", "2002ASPC..283..227D", "2002ApJ...565..786M", "2002ApJ...567...97L", "2002ApJ...569..624P", "2002ApJ...572..169K", "2002ApJ...578..675N", "2002ApJ...579..188G", "2002ApJ...581..161C", "2002MNRAS.331..880L", "2002MNRAS.333..327T", "2002RSPTA.360.2725M", "2003A&A...405...31B", "2003AJ....126.1690C", "2003AJ....126.1750M", "2003ASPC..289..353T", "2003ASPC..290...11V", "2003Ap&SS.284..459T", "2003ApJ...583..632T", "2003RMxAC..17...79D", "2003astro.ph..4384B", "2004A&A...413..547I", "2004A&A...418...25K", "2004ASPC..320..205K", "2004ASSL..319..189K", "2004ApJ...605..144M", "2004ApJ...616..707H", "2004ApJS..153...93G", "2004IAUS..222..395S", "2004PASA...21..344D", "2004cbhg.sympE..39M", "2005A&A...429L...9G", "2005Ap&SS.295...85K", "2005MNRAS.357..275K", "2005MNRAS.360..253C", "2005MNRAS.362.1054S", "2005MNRAS.363..801W", "2006A&A...451..809S", "2006A&A...457..393G", "2006AJ....132..321D", "2006ApJ...636..115P", "2006ApJ...639...37K", "2006ApJ...639..644E", "2006ApJ...645..955B", "2006ApJ...650..727C", "2006ApJS..166....1H", "2006AstL...32..520S", "2006MNRAS.368..414D", "2006NewAR..50..701V", "2007A&A...469..913S", "2007ApJ...659.1096Z", "2007ApJ...664..761M", "2007ApJS..170...33P", "2007MNRAS.379.1249D", "2008ApJ...673..715C", "2008ApJ...678L...9M", "2008ApJ...679.1047K", "2008ApJ...679.1094T", "2008MNRAS.386..909C", "2009A&A...501..145L", "2009ApJ...691..705G", "2009ApJ...700..901K", "2009ApJ...702.1098L", "2009MNRAS.398..333H", "2009RMxAC..35..241S", "2010ApJ...710..783R", "2010ApJ...710..878L", "2010ApJ...714L.108S", "2010MNRAS.401..307S", "2010MNRAS.408..400S", "2011A&A...526A..43S", "2011AN....332..191S", "2011MNRAS.417..184B", "2012A&A...538A..15H", "2012AJ....144...48H", "2012ASSL..386..439D", "2012ApJ...747...91L", "2012ApJ...750..141L", "2012ApJ...753..165T", "2012ApJ...758L..39T", "2012ApJS..199....1W", "2012MNRAS.426..360V", "2013ApJ...773..175Z", "2013ApJ...779..136B", "2013FrPhy...8..609K", "2013MNRAS.430.2622D", "2013MmSAI..84..655T", "2014ApJ...788..140M", "2014IAUS..304..188T", "2016RMxAA..52...11A", "2018MNRAS.476.2308W", "2020PASJ...72...84K", "2024MNRAS.527.9461S" ]
[ "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1977ApJS...33...19A", "1977MNRAS.181..211W", "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1978ApJ...223..747S", "1978ApJ...225....7S", "1979MNRAS.189..433L", "1979agn..book..213G", "1980ApJ...237..404S", "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1981A&A...104..218R", "1982Ap.....18..312P", "1982ApJ...257...33S", "1982ApJ...262...66S", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983ApJS...52..229K", "1984AJ.....89..958H", "1984AJ.....89..966D", "1984ApJ...280...41H", "1984ApJ...280...79Y", "1984ApJ...287...95L", "1985AJ.....90..708K", "1985AJ.....90..998D", "1985ApJ...288..456K", "1985ApJ...294..479R", "1985ApJ...294..486R", "1985ApJS...57..643D", "1985MNRAS.214...87J", "1985Natur.315..386G", "1986AJ.....91..255B", "1987AJ.....93.1011K", "1987AJ.....94.1461Y", "1987ApJ...319...28Y", "1987ApJ...320...49B", "1987ApJ...321..233E", "1987PASP...99..309L", "1988AJ.....96.1235F", "1988ApJ...324L..55S", "1988ApJ...325...74S", "1988ApJ...332..124N", "1989ApJ...342..735H", "1989ApJ...343..125M", "1989MNRAS.240..129Y", "1989MNRAS.240..329L", "1989Natur.338...45S", "1990A&A...236..333H", "1990ApJ...364..415E", "1990NASCP3098..359H", "1990NASCP3098..437K", "1991AJ....102.1980X", "1991ApJ...366L...5S", "1991ApJ...367....1H", "1991ApJ...370L..65B", "1991ApJ...371...49E", "1991PASP..103..396Y", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ASPC...31..303S", "1992MNRAS.259..345A", "1993ARA&A..31..473A", "1993Ap&SS.199...35C", "1993ApJ...404..551O", "1993ApJ...411...43Y", "1993ApJ...414..474S", "1994A&A...290....7B", "1994A&AS..108..491L", "1994AJ....107...35H", "1994AJ....108..361A", "1994ApJ...425L..13M", "1994ApJ...431L...9M", "1994ApJ...435...71M", "1994ApJ...436..576M", "1995A&A...293..683L", "1995A&AS..111..115W", "1995AJ....109.1546R", "1995ARA&A..33..581K", "1995ApJ...438..604M", "1995ApJ...446..561M", "1995ApJ...448...41H", "1995MNRAS.275....1T", "1996A&AS..118..461F", "1996AJ....111..696K", "1996AJ....111.1880E", "1996AJ....112.1903Y", "1996ApJ...460..121W", "1996ApJ...468..469F", "1996PASP..108..637H", "1997A&AS..125..479J", "1997ApJ...476..489Z", "1997ApJ...478...39Z", "1997ApJ...479..642B", "1997ApJ...480..547W", "1997ApJS..108..155G", "1997ApJS..108..229H", "1997Natur.385..700H", "1997PhDT........36L", "1997iagn.book.....P" ]
2066315
null
The Muenster Redshift Project. III. Observational Constraints on the Deceleration Parameter
The redshift-volume test for determining the deceleration parameter q<SUB>0</SUB> is applied to 89,125 galaxies with redshifts z &lt;= 0.2 (redshift errors σ<SUB>z</SUB> = 0.031) and magnitudes 14.0 &lt;= r<SUB>F</SUB> &lt;= 18.0 mag, obtained within the Muenster Redshift Project (MRSP). With samples of this size, cosmic curvature effects can be measured even at intermediate redshifts. Comparatively small z-values and red photometric magnitudes assure that biased object selection and galaxy evolution do not affect the measurements in uncontrolled ways. In the first step of our analysis, the redshift-volume test assumes a minimum model of passive galaxy evolution. For the cosmological constant Λ = 0 and for the evolutionary models of Rocca-Volmerange &amp; Guiderdoni, the total sample yields the deceleration parameter q<SUB>0</SUB> = 0.10 with the 95% confidence limit, q<SUB>0</SUB> &lt; 0.75. In a second step, we evaluate--within the errors of the first step--whether our q<SUB>0</SUB>-value is over- or underestimated, using those observed evolutionary trends that appear to be nearly q<SUB>0</SUB> independent. The trends indicate that our result q<SUB>0</SUB> = 0.10 can be regarded as an upper limit. Effects of incompleteness, errors in the (K + E)-corrections due to extreme galaxy mixtures, as well as different models of population synthesis, large-scale clustering, galactic reddening, and gravitational lensing, are discussed. We conclude that the combination of MRSP redshift data, observed evolutionary trends in the galaxy luminosity functions, and passive galaxy aging suggests an open universe.
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11.189202
1.558302
1998-03-01
16
1998ApJ...496..635S
[ "redshift errors", "passive galaxy evolution", "passive galaxy aging", "extreme galaxy mixtures", "MRSP redshift data", "evolutionary trends", "galaxy", "redshifts z", "intermediate redshifts", "SUB>0</SUB" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "Cosmology: Observations", "Cosmology: Theory", "Galaxies: Distances and Redshifts" ]
0
[ "10.1086/305396" ]
[ "Schuecker, Peter", "Ott, Heinz-Albert", "Seitter, Waltraut C.", "Ungruhe, Renko", "Duerbeck, Hilmar W.", "Cunow, Barbara", "Spiekermann, Gregor", "Duemmler, Rudolf" ]
[ "Astronomisches Institut Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany.; Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany.; .", "Astronomisches Institut Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany.", "Astronomisches Institut Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany.", "Astronomisches Institut Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany.", "Astronomisches Institut Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany.", "Astronomisches Institut Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany.; Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Astronomy, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.", "Astronomisches Institut Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany.", "Astronomisches Institut Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany.; Department of Geosciences and Astronomy, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, P.O. Box 333, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland." ]
[ "1999ApJ...517...70R", "2000MNRAS.312..257H", "2002IJMPD..11..447M", "2003ASPC..301..563R", "2009Prama..72..429S", "2012IJTP...51.3769P", "2012RAA....12..636V", "2013IJTP...52..266P", "2015IJTP...54.1417T", "2015InJPh..89..503P", "2016Ap&SS.361...81C", "2019EPJP..134..229P", "2019GrCo...25..397S", "2019NewA...66...79G", "2020Ap&SS.365...76M", "2022IJGMM..1950211S" ]
[ "1927ASSB...47...49L", "1929PNAS...15..168H", "1942thko.book.....H", "1958AN....284..109M", "1964AZh....41.1071D", "1965AZh....42..863D", "1972ApJ...173L..93T", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1972hmfw.book.....A", "1973ApJ...185..413P", "1977ApJ...211..621T", "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1979ApJ...233L.109P", "1980ApJ...237..303S", "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1983MitAG..60..490T", "1984MNRAS.206..767S", "1984amd..conf...97T", "1986A&A...167....1H", "1986ApJ...307L...1L", "1987BAAS...19.1106C", "1988A&A...206..175L", "1988A&AS...75...93R", "1988ARA&A..26..561S", "1988ApJ...329...24L", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1989ApJ...343....1D", "1989RMxAA..19...92D", "1990A&A...227..362G", "1990A&A...229..441B", "1990ApJ...354L..37M", "1990ApJ...361...27O", "1990MNRAS.242..318S", "1990MNRAS.247P...1M", "1990QJRAS..31..153V", "1991A&A...252..435G", "1991ApJ...378L...1S", "1992A&A...264....1D", "1992AJ....103.1107S", "1992AJ....103.2102S", "1992ARA&A..30..499C", "1992ASSL..174..367S", "1992ApJ...385....9C", "1992ApJ...387L...7Y", "1992ApJ...388L...1Y", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992MNRAS.254..601B", "1992MNRAS.258..251C", "1993A&A...268..491C", "1993A&AS...97..541C", "1993A&AS..102..331C", "1993ASSL..188..327H", "1993ApJ...403..552Y", "1993ApJ...405..437N", "1993ApJS...84...39S", "1993Msngr..71...46N", "1993NYASA.688..534M", "1993ppc..book.....P", "1994A&AS..107..277C", "1994AJ....108..437M", "1994ASIC..441.....S", "1994ApJ...424..578C", "1994ApJ...437L...1D", "1994MNRAS.267.1020P", "1995A&AS..112..213C", "1995ApJ...440L...1G", "1995ApJ...454...32W", "1995ApJ...455..108L", "1995ApJS...98...69B", "1995MNRAS.274..305H", "1996AJ....112..359V", "1996ApJ...456L..79P", "1996ApJ...459..467S", "1996ApJ...463...69H", "1996ApJ...463L..51B", "1996ApJ...464...60L", "1996ApJ...465L..15V", "1996ApJ...470..172S", "1996ApJ...472..485S", "1996LNP...470...53C", "1996MNRAS.279.1057S", "1996MNRAS.279.1157G", "1996MNRAS.279L..47A", "1996MNRAS.280..235E", "1996MNRAS.280..397R", "1996MNRAS.281..953P", "1996MNRAS.281..985V", "1996PhRvD..54.1332J", "1997A&A...325..954V", "1997A&A...326..477Z", "1997A&AS..122..399P", "1997A&AS..125...71C", "1997ApJ...477L..17S", "1997ApJ...483..565P", "1997PhDT.........4U" ]
2087797
null
The luminosity function around isolated spiral galaxies
We determine the companion galaxy luminosity function (LF) for regions around isolated spiral galaxies. If we assume that any excess in the galaxy number counts in the vicinity of a spiral galaxy is due to galaxies at the same distance, then a system LF can be determined from the variation of excess numbers with apparent magnitude. By studying the excess over many field `centre' galaxies, a good statistical accuracy can be obtained for the companion galaxy LF. Since redshift information is not required for the faint galaxies, it is possible to sample further down the LF as compared with redshift surveys. For 23 primary galaxies of known redshift, we find a dwarf satellite Schechter LF with a characteristic magnitude M_V*(D)~=-19 and a faint-end slope alpha=-1.7, down to M_V=-14 (H_0=50 km s^-1 Mpc^-1).
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12.198511
5.873294
1998-03-01
13
1998MNRAS.295...99M
[ "isolated spiral galaxies", "galaxies", "Schechter LF", "LF", "known redshift", "excess numbers", "redshift information", "H_0=50 km s^-1", "redshift surveys", "the companion galaxy luminosity function" ]
[ "Spiral Galaxies", "Luminosity", "Statistical Analysis", "Red Shift", "Galactic Structure", "Galactic Nuclei", "Dwarf Galaxies", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: LUMINOSITY FUNCTION", "MASS FUNCTION", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.29511241.x" ]
[ "Morgan, I.", "Smith, R. M.", "Phillipps, S." ]
[ "University of Wales", "University of Wales", "Bristol, University" ]
[ "1998ApJ...498L.119P", "1999ASPC..170...84J", "1999ASPC..170..183P", "1999MNRAS.308..557L", "2001ASPC..232..147S", "2001ApJ...546..157V", "2004ASPC..327..328S", "2004ApJ...617.1017S", "2005A&A...436..443V", "2006A&A...449..937S", "2007A&A...470..505V", "2010ASPC..421....3S", "2015A&A...578A.110A" ]
[ "1969ArA.....5..305H", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1982ApJ...253..423D", "1983MNRAS.202..113G", "1983MNRAS.202.1025G", "1984MNRAS.206..767S", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1986MNRAS.223....1C", "1987ApJ...315L..93T", "1987MNRAS.227..115P", "1987nngp.proc..213O", "1988ARA&A..26..509B", "1988ApJ...330..634I", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1989spce.book.....L", "1990MNRAS.243..692M", "1992A&A...264...75V", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1993ApJ...404...51E", "1993ApJ...405..464Z", "1993MNRAS.260..241C", "1994AJ....108..437M", "1994ApJ...428...43M", "1994MNRAS.268..393D", "1994MNRAS.269..696L", "1995AJ....110.1507B", "1995ApJ...440..470F", "1995MNRAS.274..832P", "1995MNRAS.275..121S", "1996A&A...305...33K", "1996ApJ...469..529D", "1997MNRAS.284..915W", "1997MNRAS.286..133T", "1997MNRAS.287..415S", "1998MNRAS.293..197R" ]
2066281
null
Morphological Classification of the Local I- and K-Band Galaxy Sample
In this paper, we report on the morphologically segregated I- and K-band number counts at bright magnitudes from a wide-field deep survey. This survey has been carried out with the first large mosaic CCD camera (8192 × 8192) on the University of Hawaii 88 inch (2.24 m) telescope and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). This instrument allows us to take deep wide-field galaxy images efficiently. We have been able to obtain I-band number counts in a wide range from I = 12.5 to I = 22.5, and to classify the morphologies of galaxies down to I = 18.5. Morphologically segregated number counts for ellipticals, spirals, and irregulars are obtained for the first time with magnitudes brighter than I = 18.5. The morphological classifications correlate well with the galaxy colors. By modeling these number counts, we confirm that a no-evolution model can fit both K- and I-band number counts of ellipticals and spirals reasonably well, but the irregular/peculiar galaxies show a substantial excess at faint magnitudes over the no-evolution model. With the number counts at bright magnitudes, we further demonstrate that the rise in this excess begins by I = 20. This rise is consistent with a rapidly increasing star formation rate in low-luminosity galaxies at about z = 0.35.
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12.404186
6.038044
1998-03-01
16
1998ApJ...496...31H
[ "number counts", "bright magnitudes", "galaxies", "faint magnitudes", "I-band number counts", "magnitudes", "deep wide-field galaxy images", "Hawaii", "K-band number", "these number counts" ]
[ "SURVEYS", "Cosmology: Observations", "Galaxies: Photometry", "Galaxies: Statistics", "Galaxies: Structure", "Surveys" ]
0
[ "10.1086/305373" ]
[ "Huang, Jia-Sheng", "Cowie, Lennox L.", "Luppino, Gerard A." ]
[ "Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822; , , ; Visiting Astronomer, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, operated by the National Research Council of Canada, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii.; Current address: Max-Planck Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.", "Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822; , , ; Visiting Astronomer, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, operated by the National Research Council of Canada, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii.", "Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822; , ," ]
[ "1999AJ....117..102B", "1999MNRAS.309L..25N", "2000A&A...362L..45D", "2001A&A...368..787H", "2001ApJ...562..179X", "2001MNRAS.325..550D", "2001PASJ...53..611M", "2003A&A...398...49H", "2003ApJ...584..203H", "2003ApJ...587...90X", "2004A&A...422..841D", "2007MNRAS.378..429F", "2008MNRAS.383.1319G", "2010Sci...330..800N", "2015A&A...583A..88N", "2017Natur.551...85A" ]
[ "1986MNRAS.223...11M", "1988A&AS...75...93R", "1988ApJ...326....1Y", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1990MNRAS.247P...1M", "1991AJ....101.1595J", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992PhDT.........7G", "1993ApJ...415L..21K", "1994AJ....108..437M", "1994ApJ...434..114C", "1994MNRAS.266...65G", "1995AAS...187.7403M", "1995AJ....110.1576C", "1995ApJ...438L..13D", "1995ApJ...449L..23D", "1995ApJ...455...60L", "1995ApJS...96..117M", "1995MNRAS.275..169G", "1995MNRAS.275L..19G", "1996AJ....112..359V", "1996AJ....112..839C", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1996MNRAS.279.1357L", "1996MNRAS.279L..47A", "1996MNRAS.282L...1G", "1997ApJ...476...12H", "1997ApJS..111..357N", "1997euvl.conf...65E" ]
2066314
null
The Blue Companion of 3C 65: A Star-forming Galaxy with a Probable Redshift of 2.8
We present BVRIK images and photometry of the z = 1.175 radio galaxy 3C 65 and its extended blue companion, along with a 6 cm radio map. These data are used to test the hypotheses that the companion is scattering the continuum of a hidden active nucleus within the radio galaxy and/or is undergoing a starburst triggered by interaction with its radio plasma. However, we find that the object's spectral energy distribution (SED) is best fitted by a model of constant star formation with moderate dust extinction for a redshift of approximately 2.8, while no fit to the SED can be obtained for redshifts equal to or below that of 3C 65. The object thus appears to be part of the recently discovered population of star-forming galaxies at z ~ 3, which is also consistent with its morphology and size as revealed by Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images. The age of the object is not well-constrained by the model fits and could range from 0.2 to 3.5 Gyr. Our best-fitting model has an age of 1.4 Gyr, which at z ≅ 2.8 does not violate standard cosmologies.
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14.578717
6.231248
1998-03-01
6
1998ApJ...496..803C
[ "Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images", "constant star formation", "z", "Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2", "moderate dust extinction", "BVRIK images", "SED", "3C", "star-forming galaxies", "the radio galaxy" ]
[ "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: 3C 65", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "Galaxies: Formation", "Galaxies: Individual: Alphanumeric: 3C 65", "Galaxies: Photometry", "Galaxies: Starburst" ]
0
[ "10.1086/305430" ]
[ "Corbin, Michael R.", "Charlot, Stéphane", "De Young, David S.", "Owen, Frazer", "Dunlop, J. S." ]
[ "Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721; .; Current Address: NICMOS Group, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; .", "Institut d'Astrophysique du CNRS, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France; .", "Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721; .", "National Radio Astronomy Observatories, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801-0387 .", "Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Scotland, UK; ." ]
[ "1999ASPC..191..247C", "2000AJ....119.1062C", "2000AJ....120.1209C", "2010ApJ...724..957S", "2010ApJ...725...36D", "2012A&A...548A..45D" ]
[ "1977A&A....61...99B", "1977ApJ...217..425M", "1979ApJ...230..116W", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1985ApJ...293...83V", "1988ApJ...333L..37L", "1988Natur.334..591D", "1989ApJ...342L..59D", "1990ESASP.310..513F", "1991ApJ...378....6P", "1991ApJ...378..476E", "1992ApJ...395..130P", "1993AJ....105.2017S", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993ApJ...414..563V", "1995ApJ...441...18M", "1995ApJ...443L..69S", "1995MNRAS.273..821L", "1996AJ....111.1783Y", "1996AJ....112..352S", "1996ASPC...98..275C", "1996ApJ...462L..17S", "1996ApJ...466L..71E", "1996ApJ...470..189G", "1996MNRAS.280L...9B", "1996MNRAS.281L..35W", "1996MNRAS.281L..75E", "1996MNRAS.282..421P", "1996Natur.381..581D", "1998MNRAS.298..945S" ]
2066265
null
Correlations of Faint Galaxies: A Monte Carlo Approach
Monte Carlo methods are employed to study the angular correlations arising from simulated galaxy clusters in flux-limited samples. In particular, we show that the models of Chokshi and coworkers that best reproduce the general characteristics of the observed deep blue photometric counts and redshift distributions also satisfy the observed angular correlation constraints of faint galaxies, under a stable clustering hypothesis. In particular, the diminished clustering of faint simulated galaxies (24 &lt; b<SUB>j</SUB> &lt; 26) in the blue band arises from a extended high-redshift tail of simulated galaxies, in agreement with the models of Roche and coworkers.
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12.253087
4.650911
1998-03-01
0
1998ApJ...495..550C
[ "faint simulated galaxies", "simulated galaxies", "faint galaxies", "simulated galaxy clusters", "redshift distributions", "Monte Carlo methods", "the observed deep blue photometric counts", "coworkers", "the observed angular correlation constraints", "Monte Carlo" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "METHODS: NUMERICAL", "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "Cosmology: Large-Scale Structure of Universe", "Methods: Numerical" ]
0
[ "10.1086/305322" ]
[ "Chokshi, Arati" ]
[ "Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala, Bangalore 560034, India" ]
null
[ "1980lssu.book.....P", "1984ApJ...282..390K", "1986PhDT.........3C", "1988ApJ...333..491C", "1988PhDT.......222M", "1991ApJ...380L..47E", "1993MNRAS.260..241C", "1993MNRAS.263..360R", "1994ApJ...424..578C", "1995ApJ...453..559N", "1996MNRAS.280..397R" ]
11646213
astro-ph/9803012
Is M82 a Disk-Truncated Bulge by a Close Encouter with M81?
The rotation curve of the small-mass starburst galaxy M82 has a steep nuclear rise, peaking at 200 pc radius, which then declines in a Keplerian fashion. This rotation curve mimics that for a central bulge of spiral galaxies with a high concentration of stellar mass. The declining rotation indicates that its extended disk mass is missing. In order to explain this peculiar rotation characteristic, we propose a hypothesis that M82 is a surviving central bulge of a much larger disk galaxy, whose outer disk was truncated during a close encounter with M81. We simulated a tidal truncation of the disk of a companion galaxy by a tidal penetration through its more massive parent galaxy. The model can well reproduce the observed peculiar feature of M82.
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10.645843
8.532454
1998-04-01
46
1998PASJ...50..227S
[ "spiral galaxies", "M82", "stellar mass", "this peculiar rotation characteristic", "its extended disk mass", "the small-mass starburst galaxy M82", "a surviving central bulge", "a companion galaxy", "a much larger disk galaxy", "The declining rotation" ]
[ "GALAXIES: BULGES", "GALAXIES: COLLISION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTION", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1093/pasj/50.2.227", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9803012" ]
[ "Sofue, Yoshiaki" ]
[ "Institute of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588" ]
[ "1998ApJ...506..222M", "1999ApJ...523..136S", "1999ApJ...523..575L", "2000A&A...363..733M", "2000ApJS..129..493H", "2001ARA&A..39..137S", "2002ceme.symp..112M", "2004ASPC..322..149G", "2005ASPC..331..147G", "2005ApJ...621..750S", "2005ApJ...628L..33M", "2006ApJ...649..172M", "2007arXiv0710.2145M", "2008AJ....136.2502D", "2008ApJ...674..157C", "2009ASSP....7..147M", "2009ApJ...697.1138J", "2009ApJ...697.2030S", "2009ApJ...703.1502F", "2009MNRAS.392.1008D", "2009MNRAS.395..342B", "2009MNRAS.398.1361K", "2009RMxAC..37...44M", "2009arXiv0906.0757D", "2011A&A...529A..51G", "2011A&A...535A..84A", "2011ApJ...726...51R", "2011GReGr..43.1007F", "2012ApJ...757...24G", "2013ApJ...766...20L", "2013PASJ...65...66S", "2013pss5.book..985S", "2014MNRAS.440..150H", "2014PASJ...66...77O", "2015A&A...582A..77G", "2015ApJ...814...83L", "2015AstL...41..785B", "2019MNRAS.486..504S", "2019MPLA...3450308A", "2021ApJ...923L..21P", "2021IAUS..356..276K", "2021MNRAS.500.4422C", "2022ApJ...927..136L", "2023A&A...674A..77I", "2023PASJ...75.1214I", "2024MNRAS.527.5792L" ]
[ "1968ApJ...151..825T", "1977ApJ...211...47G", "1977MNRAS.178..577C", "1979A&A....75...97V", "1980ApJ...238...24R", "1981AJ.....86.1825B", "1981MNRAS.195..327A", "1982ApJ...261..439R", "1984ApJ...287..153Y", "1987ApJ...312..574L", "1987PASJ...39..685N", "1988A&A...203..259N", "1988ASIC..232..409S", "1990A&A...228..331L", "1991A&A...242...35B", "1991A&A...242..371S", "1991ApJ...369..135T", "1992ApJ...395..126S", "1993ApJ...411L..17Y", "1994ApJ...437L.123W", "1995A&A...296...33S", "1995A&A...304....1H", "1996ApJ...458..120S", "1996MNRAS.281...27P", "1997PASJ...49...17S", "1997PASJ...49..453H" ]
11643452
astro-ph/9711068
The clustering of K~20 galaxies in 17 radio galaxy fields
We investigate the angular correlation function, omicron(theta), of the galaxies detected in the 2.1-μm K ' band in 17 fields (101.5 arcmin^2 in total), each containing a z~1.1 radio galaxy. There is a significant detection of galaxy clustering at a limit of K~20, with a omicron(theta) amplitude similar to that estimated by Carlberg et al. at K=21.5. The omicron(theta) amplitudes of these K-limited samples are higher than expected from the faint galaxy clustering in the blue and red passbands, but consistent with a pure luminosity evolution model if clustering is stable (epsilon=0) and the correlation function of early-type galaxies is steeper than that of spirals. We do not detect a significant cross-correlation between the radio galaxies and the other galaxies in these fields. The upper limits on the cross-correlation are consistent with a mean clustering environment of Abell class 0 for z~1.1 radio galaxies, similar to that observed for radio galaxies at z~0.5, but would argue against an Abell class 1 or richer environment. As Abell 0 clustering around the radio galaxies would not significantly increase the omicron(theta) amplitude of galaxies in these fields, stable clustering with a steep xi(r) for E/S0 galaxies appears to remain the most likely interpretation of the omicron(theta) amplitude. At K&lt;=20, the number of galaxy-galaxy pairs of 2-3 arcsec separation exceeds the random expectation by a factor of 2.15+/-0.26. The excess of close pairs is comparable to that previously reported for R-band data, and consistent with a ~(1+z)^2 evolution of the galaxy merger rate.
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12.470011
5.136171
1998-04-01
33
1998MNRAS.295..946R
[ "radio galaxies", "z~1.1 radio galaxies", "galaxies", "galaxy", "galaxy-galaxy pairs", "a z~1.1 radio galaxy", "correlation", "Abell class", "the radio galaxies", "E/S0 galaxies" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "INFRARED: GALAXIES", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01431.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9711068" ]
[ "Roche, Nathan", "Eales, Steve", "Hippelein, Hans" ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF2 3YB", "Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany" ]
[ "1998ApJ...507..558H", "1998MNRAS.299...95M", "1999A&A...349..751S", "1999MNRAS.306..538R", "1999MNRAS.307..703R", "1999MNRAS.310L..15G", "1999elss.conf..321C", "2000A&A...353..867K", "2000A&A...361..535D", "2000A&AS..141...89G", "2000A&AS..145..121P", "2000ASPC..200...68M", "2000MNRAS.317..720B", "2000MNRAS.318..913M", "2001ApJS..135...63P", "2003ApJ...588...50D", "2003MNRAS.345.1365I", "2003MNRAS.346..803R", "2004ApJS..154...30O", "2004ApJS..154...35F", "2004MNRAS.347..508G", "2004PhDT.........6G", "2004astro.ph..5592O", "2005A&A...442..423I", "2006MNRAS.367..693I", "2007MNRAS.381.1437W", "2008A&A...482...81T", "2008MNRAS.390..819G", "2010ApJ...708..202M", "2014MNRAS.445..280H", "2015MNRAS.448.3325J", "2023A&A...669A..27S", "2024ApJ...961..240K" ]
[ "1979MNRAS.189..433L", "1982MNRAS.201..331A", "1985MNRAS.217..149E", "1987ApJ...319...28Y", "1988MNRAS.230..131P", "1989MNRAS.236..959P", "1989MNRAS.240..129Y", "1991ApJ...367....1H", "1992AJ....103..332W", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993ApJ...411...43Y", "1993ApJ...415L...9G", "1994ApJ...429L..13B", "1994ApJ...435..540C", "1995ApJ...438L..13D", "1995ApJ...442..457L", "1995ApJ...445...37Y", "1995ApJ...454...32W", "1995MNRAS.275..781B", "1995Natur.377..603C", "1996AJ....112..352S", "1996AJ....112..839C", "1996ApJ...461..534L", "1996ApJ...469L..85I", "1996MNRAS.280..397R", "1996MNRAS.282.1247R", "1996MNRAS.283L..15B", "1997ApJ...475...29P", "1997ApJ...475..445M", "1997ApJ...479...82S", "1997ApJ...480...59N", "1997ApJ...481..578V", "1997ApJ...483L..21D", "1997ApJ...484..538C", "1997ApJ...489...37G", "1997ApJ...490....1C", "1997MNRAS.290..292B", "1997MNRAS.291..593E", "1998MNRAS.293..157R" ]
2087739
null
Microquasars in our Galaxy
Microquasars are stellar-mass black holes in our Galaxy that mimic, on a smaller scale, many of the phenomena seen in quasars. Their discovery opens the way for a new understanding of the connection between the accretion of matter onto black holes and the origin of the relativistic jets observed in remote quasars.
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15.834361
4.85616
1998-04-01
198
1998Natur.392..673M
[ "black holes", "remote quasars", "stellar-mass black holes", "quasars", "matter", "Galaxy", "Microquasars", "a new understanding", "a smaller scale", "the relativistic jets" ]
[ "None" ]
7
[ "10.1038/33603" ]
[ "Mirabel, I. F.", "Rodríguez, L. F." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1998A&A...338L..71M", "1998A&A...338L..95M", "1998A&A...340L..47R", "1998NewAR..42..621M", "1998NewAR..42..653S", "1999A&A...351..147G", "1999A&A...351..185C", "1999ARA&A..37..409M", "1999ApJ...518L..77C", "1999ApJ...520..776S", "1999ApJ...526..631K", "1999IAUS..194..113S", "1999LNP...520....1L", "1999Natur.397..476S", "1999NewAR..43..549G", "1999PhR...311..225L", "1999astro.ph..6113D", "2000A&A...356..975K", "2000AIPC..526..628B", "2000ASPC..199..243L", "2000ApJ...536..668K", "2000ApJ...538..187L", "2000ApJ...543L.111L", "2000NCimB.115..739B", "2000Prama..55..481B", "2000Prama..55..481J", "2000RSPTA.358..635L", "2000RSPTA.358..759B", "2000SSRv...93..473C", "2000Sci...287.1239Z", "2001A&A...367..159B", "2001A&A...370..468T", "2001A&A...371.1155B", "2001A&A...379L..25B", "2001ASPC..224..225L", "2001ASSL..267..245R", "2001ApSSS.276..209M", "2001ApSSS.276..319M", "2001ESASP.459..249M", "2001MNRAS.324..319L", "2001Natur.413..139M", "2001Natur.414..522G", "2001PASA...18..267L", "2001PASJ...53..555F", "2001astro.ph.11540G", "2001astro.ph.11558B", "2001physics...7032T", "2002ApJ...574L.147B", "2002AstL...28..373B", "2002Natur.417..125L", "2002Natur.417..625M", "2002PASA...19...91W", "2002Sci...295.1653B", "2002astro.ph..3421W", "2003ASPC..299..239T", "2003ASPC..308..111G", "2003ApJ...582..292O", "2003ApJ...584L..23J", "2003IAUS..214...23H", "2003JHEP...01..079E", "2003MNRAS.342..623S", "2003PABei..21..122C", "2003Sci...300.1119M", "2003astro.ph..4345K", "2003astro.ph..6135W", "2003heba.conf..173M", "2004A&A...415L..35T", "2004A&A...425..773M", "2004AIPC..714...21A", "2004ApJ...606..853H", "2004ApJ...606L..45K", "2004ApJ...609L..63A", "2004ESASP.552..175M", "2004IJMPD..13..819P", "2004MNRAS.348..846C", "2004PASJ...56..569F", "2004PThPS.155...71M", "2004PThPS.155..148K", "2004SSRv..112....1G", "2004astro.ph..1464A", "2004astro.ph..5113P", "2004astro.ph.12242W", "2005A&A...431..575B", "2005A&A...436....1T", "2005ARep...49...57B", "2005Ap&SS.300...39M", "2005ApJ...618..139O", "2005CaJPh..83.1179L", "2005ChPhL..22.2727Z", "2005EAS....15..187P", "2005MNRAS.356..145C", "2005MNRAS.359...36W", "2005MmSAI..76...13M", "2005Sci...308.1604K", "2006A&A...447..797M", "2006A&A...447..813F", "2006AN....327..217M", "2006ASPC..349...55R", "2006ASPC..360..153M", "2006CoTPh..46..187Y", "2006IAUS..230...86K", "2006MNRAS.365.1131P", "2006PhRvD..74d4005K", "2006Sci...312.1759M", "2006astro.ph..4537G", "2007Ap&SS.307...93P", "2007Ap&SS.309..267M", "2007Ap&SS.311..161G", "2007ApJ...657..428W", "2007CRPhy...8....7M", "2007ESASP.622..353H", "2007HiA....14...41Z", "2007IAUS..238...19M", "2007IAUS..238..305T", "2007MmSAI..78..348F", "2007ragt.meet...99K", "2008A&A...487..815P", "2008ARep...52...12B", "2008ApJ...675.1436R", "2008MNRAS.383..277K", "2008RMxAC..33...82R", "2008arXiv0802.0816R", "2009ApJ...696.2220K", "2009ExA....25..241L", "2009NCimR..32..591S", "2009NJPh...11f5016D", "2009RMxAC..36..345P", "2009arXiv0907.3602P", "2009sfa..book...84P", "2010A&A...518A...5D", "2010A&A...522A..38P", "2010ApJ...713..105B", "2010IJMPD..19..971T", "2010IJMPD..19.1013D", "2010LNP...794....1M", "2010LNP...794...85G", "2010MNRAS.409..763V", "2010NewA...15...83G", "2010NewA...15..433M", "2010SCPMA..53S.120H", "2011A&A...529A...3C", "2011A&A...533A..97T", "2011A&A...533A.111M", "2011BlgAJ..16....3Z", "2011IAUS..275...32K", "2011IAUS..275..294V", "2011MNRAS.417.2401B", "2011MmSAI..82...14M", "2011MmSAI..82..129T", "2011RMxAC..40..145O", "2012NewAR..56...93A", "2012Sci...335..175M", "2013ApJ...772...30D", "2014ChPhL..31l9701H", "2014LNP...876.....R", "2014MNRAS.437.3265C", "2014bhns.work...51D", "2015MNRAS.451.3975C", "2015MNRAS.453.3414A", "2015Natur.528..108L", "2016ApJ...826..135L", "2016ApJ...829..105C", "2016JKPS...69.1366K", "2016MNRAS.460.4403R", "2016SSRv..200....1W", "2017BAAA...59...70P", "2017JPhCS.840a2032G", "2017MNRAS.471.4806A", "2017NatCo...8.1757M", "2017PhPl...24f2312T", "2017RAA....17..104G", "2018A&A...619A.124W", "2018A&A...620A.110A", "2018ApJ...859...30R", "2018ApJ...865...95W", "2018EPJWC.16801015M", "2018JApA...39...17A", "2018PTEP.2018c3E01Y", "2019A&A...626A.115M", "2019A&A...631A.177C", "2019APh...109...25R", "2019AdSpR..64..765P", "2019BAAA...61....1M", "2019IAUS..346..365M", "2019Univ....5..110R", "2019hsax.conf..255A", "2020ApJ...888..115A", "2020ApJ...904...30M", "2021ApJ...920...41M", "2021Univ....7..245J", "2021arXiv210506172K", "2022ARep...66S.567C", "2022arXiv221000683K", "2023A&A...669A.149F", "2024A&A...681A..41M", "2024RAA....24g2001L", "2024arXiv240504469T", "2024arXiv240602042Z" ]
[ "1977MNRAS.179..433B", "1981ApJ...246L.141H", "1982MNRAS.199..883B", "1983bhwd.book.....S", "1987slrs.work....1P", "1992Natur.358..215M", "1994ApJS...92..469C", "1994IAUC.6046....1Z", "1994Natur.371...46M", "1995Natur.374..141T", "1995Natur.375..464H", "1996ApJ...467L..81F", "1996ApJ...472L.111M", "1996ApJ...473L.107G", "1997ApJ...474L.123R", "1997ApJ...477L..41C", "1997ApJ...477L..85H", "1997ApJ...477L..91N", "1997ApJ...478L..79N", "1997ApJ...479L.145B", "1997ApJ...482..993M", "1997ApJ...482L.155Z", "1997MNRAS.290L..65F", "1998A&A...330L...9M", "1998ApJ...492L..53C", "1998ApJ...494L..61E" ]
976475
null
Attenuation Effects in Spiral Galaxies: Multiwavelength Photometry and Disk Radiative Transfer Models
We present a quantitative investigation of the optical depth through spiral disks using BVRIJHK colors of 15 highly inclined Sab-Sc spirals and new models for radiative transfer in stellar disks. The models include exponential stellar and dust disks, exponential stellar bulge components, multiple scattering, and both homogeneous and clumpy dust distributions. Preliminary comparisons of the observed optical and near-infrared (NIR) color gradients across galaxy dust lanes with predictions from radiative transfer models with slab and spherical shapes underscore the need for these realistic exponential disk geometries. When compared with the extent of reddening predicted by the disk models, the maximum optical and NIR color excesses in galaxy dust lanes imply central face-on optical depths of 0.5-2.0 in the V band. For these highly inclined systems, we find this inferred optical depth to be largely insensitive to the difference between clumpy and homogeneous dust distributions. Comparisons of galaxy color gradients to models with high central optical depths contradict the often-stated claim that spiral disks are opaque out to D_25. Our derived optical depths show that the predicted radial color changes caused by attenuation in face-on galaxies are much smaller than the observed color gradients in such systems, which suggests that the observed changes are the result of variations in stellar content. The face-on optical depths also imply that, when viewed edge-on, galaxy dust lanes have optical depths greater than 1.0 even in the K band and, thus, the NIR mass-to-light ratio changes across dust features.
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12.169681
7.983112
1998-04-01
76
1998AJ....115.1438K
[ "optical depths", "high central optical depths", "galaxy dust lanes", "galaxy color gradients", "dust lanes", "stellar disks", "spiral disks", "radiative transfer models", "BVRIJHK colors", "dust features" ]
[ "DUST", "EXTINCTION", "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300287" ]
[ "Kuchinski, L. E.", "Terndrup, D. M.", "Gordon, K. D.", "Witt, A. N." ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210", "Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803", "Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606" ]
[ "1999A&A...344..868X", "1999AJ....118.2824Z", "1999ApJS..123..437F", "1999MNRAS.307..857B", "1999PhDT........19B", "2000A&A...356..795A", "2000A&A...359...65B", "2000A&A...362..138P", "2000AJ....119..644H", "2000AJ....120.1306L", "2000ApJ...528..799W", "2000ApJS..131..441K", "2000MNRAS.311..601B", "2000MNRAS.312..470B", "2000MNRAS.312..497B", "2000MNRAS.319..235B", "2001A&A...368...74M", "2001A&A...372..775M", "2001ApJ...548..150M", "2001ApJ...551..269G", "2001MNRAS.321..743M", "2001MNRAS.323..130C", "2001MNRAS.326..722B", "2001MNRAS.326..733B", "2001PASP..113.1449C", "2002A&A...384..866M", "2002AJ....123.1188B", "2002AJ....124.1328D", "2002ApJ...564..234E", "2002ApJ...569..720G", "2002ApJS..143...73E", "2002ApJS..143..113W", "2002MNRAS.334..646K", "2002RvMA...15..239P", "2003AJ....125..525J", "2003AJ....126..158M", "2003MNRAS.343.1081B", "2003MNRAS.346..818P", "2004A&A...417...39M", "2004A&A...419..821T", "2004ASPC..309..771B", "2004ASSL..319..429W", "2004ApJ...608..189D", "2004ApJ...617.1022P", "2004ApJS..152..175M", "2004MNRAS.352..787K", "2005AIPC..761....3K", "2005AIPC..761..155P", "2005AIPC..761..178B", "2005ApJ...627...97O", "2005MNRAS.358..481K", "2005MNRAS.363..131P", "2006A&A...445..765K", "2006A&A...456..941M", "2006ARep...50..167G", "2006ARep...50..182G", "2007A&A...463..893K", "2007ApJ...655..863D", "2007MNRAS.379.1022D", "2008MNRAS.383.1281R", "2009ApJ...694..512M", "2009ApJ...699..105C", "2009ApJ...702.1567B", "2009EAS....34..247P", "2009MNRAS.392..553F", "2009MNRAS.395.1669G", "2011A&A...527A.109P", "2011Ap&SS.331....1W", "2011ApJS..196...22B", "2012ApJ...746...70S", "2013A&A...556A..54V", "2013PASP..125....2K", "2014ApJ...785L..18S", "2014MNRAS.438..329F", "2015MNRAS.449..243N", "2023MNRAS.526..118I" ]
[ "1958MeLuS.136....1H", "1959AJ.....64..397D", "1972MmRAS..75...85H", "1977ApJS...35....1W", "1981ApJS...47..139F", "1981gask.book.....M", "1982PASP...94..244G", "1983A&A...118....4B", "1983gcpm.book.....L", "1984ApJ...278....1O", "1984ApJ...287..228N", "1984ApJS...54..127E", "1985ApJ...288..618R", "1986AJ.....91...65J", "1986AJ.....91.1301K", "1986ApJ...302..564S", "1986ApJ...309..472Q", "1987A&AS...68..215L", "1987A&AS...70..465D", "1987ApJ...317..637K", "1988ApJ...333..673B", "1988igbo.conf..443S", "1989ApJ...337....7F", "1989ApJ...337..163W", "1989MNRAS.239..939D", "1990A&A...233...82C", "1990A&A...240...36S", "1990ApJ...357..453T", "1990MNRAS.244....8D", "1990Natur.346..153V", "1991MNRAS.250..486C", "1991Natur.353..515B", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJ...393..611W", "1992ApJ...400L..21B", "1992MNRAS.254..677H", "1992Natur.359..129W", "1992dge..book.....W", "1993ApJ...418..123R", "1993MNRAS.264..145H", "1993Natur.363..240J", "1993PASP..105..993B", "1994AJ....107.2036G", "1994ApJ...427..227W", "1994ApJ...432..518T", "1994ApJ...432..641G", "1994ApJS...95..107W", "1994MNRAS.266..511E", "1994MNRAS.270..373J", "1994PhDT.......234H", "1994cag..book.....S", "1995A&A...300L...1P", "1995A&A...303..673E", "1995AJ....109..543B", "1995AJ....110..156Q", "1995AJ....110.2788T", "1995ASIC..469...73B", "1995ASIC..469..263B", "1995ASIC..469..299V", "1995ApJ...446L..97C", "1995PASJ...47...17O", "1996A&A...309..570L", "1996A&A...313...45D", "1996A&A...313..377D", "1996AJ....111..722F", "1996AJ....111.1073K", "1996AJ....111.2238P", "1996ASSL..209..114W", "1996ASSL..209..195K", "1996ApJ...457L..73C", "1996ApJ...463..681W", "1996MNRAS.283..316J", "1996astro.ph..8113W", "1997A&A...322...38R", "1997AJ....114..107B", "1997ApJ...480..173S", "1997ApJ...487..625G", "1997NewA....1..349P", "1997PASA...14..146B", "1997PhDT........25T" ]
2065239
null
The Star Formation History of the Local Group Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy NGC 185. I. Stellar Content
We present VI CCD photometry of ~16,000 stars in a 7.2‧ x 7.2‧ field of the Local Group dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 185. The resulting VI color-magnitude diagram reveals a dominant red giant branch population, an important number of luminous red stars located above the tip of the red giant branch, and a number of blue and yellow stars. Besides the nucleus, our field also covers a large, less crowded area of the galaxy. We show color-magnitude diagrams at six different distances from the nucleus. The red giant branch becomes substantially narrower at larger distances from the nucleus, while the photometry gets deeper. In this paper, we concentrate on investigating the contribution of the observational effects (mainly crowding) to this observed gradient. Although we cannot rule out here the possibility that this trend partially originates in a gradient of the characteristics of the stellar populations of the galaxy with radius, we show that a strong radial gradient exists in the observational effects that can mimic a gradient in the real properties (e.g., age, metallicity) of the stellar population. A distance modulus of m - M = 23.95 +/- 0.10 has been obtained from the tip of the red giant branch, in good agreement with previous estimates. The average stellar metallicity is estimated to be [Fe/H] = -1.43 +/- 0.15, and decreases for increasing galactocentric distance. Based on observations made with the William Herschel Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias.
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9.106258
8.809313
1998-04-01
34
1998AJ....115.1462M
[ "luminous red stars", "larger distances", "increasing galactocentric distance", "VI CCD photometry", "a dominant red giant branch population", "William Herschel Telescope", "Local Group", "~16,000 stars", "elliptical galaxy", "The red giant branch" ]
[ "GALAXIES: DWARF", "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC 185", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "LOCAL GROUP" ]
1
[ "10.1086/300305" ]
[ "Martínez-Delgado, D.", "Aparicio, A." ]
[ "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Via Lactea, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain", "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Via Lactea, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.1688V", "1999AJ....117..855H", "1999AJ....118..862M", "1999AJ....118.2229M", "1999ASPC..163..191M", "1999IAUS..192..231G", "1999IAUS..192..325M", "2000AJ....120.2423H", "2000ESASP.445...87G", "2001AJ....122.1747Y", "2003A&A...402..133C", "2003A&A...403...93N", "2003ApJ...599..193F", "2003MNRAS.338..587B", "2004A&A...417..479B", "2004A&A...426...25H", "2004ApJ...613..262L", "2004MNRAS.352..168M", "2005A&A...434..657B", "2005A&A...437...61K", "2005AJ....129.2217B", "2005AJ....130.2087D", "2005MNRAS.356..979M", "2006A&A...445...69S", "2006MNRAS.369.1321D", "2008ApJ...686..948B", "2008JASS...25..245S", "2011A&A...532A..78L", "2012MNRAS.419..854G", "2014ApJ...789..147W", "2016MNRAS.456.1654A", "2017MNRAS.466.1764H", "2017SoSyR..51..604M", "2020ApJ...899...67F" ]
[ "1944ApJ...100..137B", "1944ApJ...100..147B", "1951POMic..10....7B", "1963AJ.....68..691H", "1973ApJ...182..671H", "1975MNRAS.173..671L", "1980ApJS...44...73B", "1981AJ.....86.1312G", "1981rsac.book.....S", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1983ApJ...275..549J", "1984ApJ...281L..63G", "1985AJ.....90.1759S", "1986A&A...164L..22W", "1986ARA&A..24..577B", "1988ApJ...334..159D", "1989AJ.....98.1285F", "1989ApJ...345..245C", "1990AJ.....99...97S", "1990AJ....100..162D", "1992AJ....103..851H", "1992AJ....104.1349F", "1992ApJ...397..457D", "1993AJ....106..964L", "1993ApJ...417..553L", "1993MNRAS.262..650D", "1994ESOC...51...92D", "1994ESOC...51..227F", "1995AJ....109.1645M", "1995AJ....110.2105A", "1996A&A...315...40S", "1996AJ....112.1438L", "1996AJ....112.1928G", "1996AJ....112.1950G", "1996AJ....112.1975G", "1996ApJ...470..781W", "1997AJ....113.1001H", "1997AJ....114..669A", "1997AJ....114..680A", "1997ApJ...476..127Y", "1997ApJ...480L.107M" ]
2087799
null
Host galaxies of the optically violently variable quasars PKS 0736+017, OJ 287 and LB 2136
Unified schemes for radio-loud active galaxies suggest that the different observed classes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) arise from the same basic phenomenon, with the luminosity and orientation of a relativistic jet determining the type of object seen. In the unification scheme for high-luminosity objects, optically violently variable (OVV) quasars are those systems seen end-on (i.e. down the jet), radio quasars are those seen at intermediate angles and Fanaroff-Riley type II (FRII) radio galaxies are those seen edge-on. However, the past lack of detailed information on the host galaxies of OVV quasars means that it has not been possible to confirm their place within the unified scheme. In order to provide such information, we have obtained deep optical and near-infrared images of three OVV quasars. We present both one- and two-dimensional numerical modelling which has been applied to derive the parameters of the underlying galaxies. We find that the host galaxy of PKS 0736+017 is reasonably well-represented by an elliptical morphology, with total absolute K-corrected galaxy magnitudes of M_v=-21.0+/-0.1 and M_R=-22.0+/-0.2. Results from our two-dimensional modelling give an observed V-R colour of 0.8+/-0.1 for the host, consistent with the underlying galaxy being elliptical. For LB 2136, the host galaxy is resolved in our near-infrared images, but the poor sampling of the frames prevents us from determining its morphological class. Assuming an elliptical morphology we derive an absolute K-corrected magnitude of &lt;M_K&gt;=-27.3+/-0.6 for the host. The situation for OJ 287 is less clear, with only one of our near-infrared images clearly showing the presence of a host galaxy, from which we are unable to determine a morphological class. From this image we derive an absolute K-corrected host galaxy magnitude of M_K=28.9+/-0.6, assuming an elliptical model. Based on model fits to our optical data, we also estimate the upper limit on the host galaxy flux to be M_R=-22.1 (assuming an elliptical model). The results for PKS 0736+017 and LB 2136 are consistent with the proposed unification schemes, as is the estimated optical magnitude of the host in OJ 287.
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15.245973
6.485289
1998-04-01
25
1998MNRAS.295..799W
[ "OVV quasars", "radio quasars", "total absolute K-corrected galaxy magnitudes", "the host galaxy flux", "an absolute K-corrected host galaxy magnitude", "a host galaxy", "the host galaxies", "the host galaxy", "radio-loud active galaxies", "Unified schemes" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "QUASARS: GENERAL", "QUASARS: INDIVIDUAL: PKS 0736+017", "QUASARS: INDIVIDUAL: OJ 287", "QUASARS: INDIVIDUAL: LB 2136", "INFRARED: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01248.x" ]
[ "Wright, S. C.", "McHardy, I. M.", "Abraham, R. G." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ", "Royal Greenwich Observatory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA" ]
[ "1999A&A...352L..11H", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000A&A...357...91F", "2000ApJ...531..744V", "2000ApJ...533..650S", "2000ApJS..127...11G", "2002A&A...381..810P", "2003A&A...400...95N", "2003AJ....126...37C", "2004A&A...421...83R", "2004MNRAS.355..196F", "2008ApJ...677..846B", "2010MNRAS.402.2087V", "2010MNRAS.408..713W", "2011AcPol..51f..76V", "2012MNRAS.421.1861V", "2012MNRAS.427...77V", "2018A&A...610A..74K", "2018A&A...619A..88M", "2018MNRAS.478.3199B", "2019NewAR..8601525D", "2020A&A...633A.162H", "2020ApJ...904..102N", "2020Galax...8...15K", "2022MNRAS.516.2671P" ]
[ "1948AnAp...11..247D", "1968ApJ...153L..23L", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1974MNRAS.167P..31F", "1975IAUS...67..573K", "1976ApJ...203...39P", "1978ApJ...223..765D", "1978bllo.conf..328B", "1980ARA&A..18..321A", "1981ApJ...247..743H", "1981ApJ...247..750W", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1982MNRAS.200.1067O", "1984ApJ...278...11G", "1984ApJ...279...93W", "1984ApJ...280...41H", "1984ApJ...280...66M", "1984ApJ...287..555M", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1985ApJ...288..618R", "1985ApJ...294..158A", "1985Natur.318..446O", "1985PASP...97..363C", "1985PASP...97.1158S", "1986ApJ...306...64S", "1986ApJ...311..526H", "1986PASP...98.1303B", "1987ApJ...320..122H", "1987MNRAS.225..531L", "1987MNRAS.226..747J", "1987PASP...99..191S", "1988ApJS...66..361H", "1989A&AS...80..103S", "1989ApJS...69..365S", "1989LNP...334...45U", "1989MNRAS.238..357O", "1989PASP..101.1156M", "1990A&A...236...69V", "1990AJ.....99.1715H", "1990agn..conf...57N", "1991AJ....102..488S", "1991ApJ...374..431S", "1991MNRAS.249..742M", "1991MNRAS.252..482A", "1991cqan.book.....V", "1992ApJ...400L..17S", "1992ApJ...401..474A", "1992MNRAS.256..655M", "1992drea.book.....B", "1992vob..conf..414W", "1993A&AS...98..393S", "1993AJ....106..869W", "1993ARA&A..31..473A", "1993ApJ...415..101A", "1993MNRAS.263..999T", "1993MNRAS.264..455D", "1993Natur.365..133T", "1994A&A...282..369K", "1994AJ....108...56P", "1994AJ....108.1476F", "1994ApJ...435L..91M", "1994MNRAS.268..681M", "1994VA.....38...77T", "1995ApJ...450..486B", "1995ApJ...452L..91B", "1995Natur.376..150D", "1995PASP..107..803U", "1995wfsd.conf..349S", "1996ApJ...464L..47B", "1996ApJS..102....1B", "1996ApJS..103..109W", "1996MNRAS.280....6X", "1996MNRAS.283..930T", "1996wtyi.conf...86H", "1997A&AS..122..399P" ]
2087775
null
Measurement of dwarf galaxies in the rich clusters Abell 665 and 963 at Z = 0.2.
We show that the luminosity functions of the distant rich clusters Abell 665 (z=0.182) and Abell 963 (z=0.206) are flat or gradually rising down to M<SUB>R</SUB> = - 14, with α ≈ -1.2±0.4 [here α is the logarithmic slope of the luminosity function: φ(L) &amp;αL<SUP>α</SUP> at the faint end]. We do not confirm the steep luminosity functions (α ≤ - 1.8) that have been recently proposed for these two clusters. Several technical points are discussed in detail. In particular, we compute the corrections to the background contamination caused by gravitational lensing from the cluster dark matter, and show that the corrections are small unless we wish to determine variations in the luminosity function on small scales. Recent observations have also shown that the field galaxy luminosity function at z= 0.2 is also shallow between M<SUB>B</SUB> = - 19 and M<SUB>B</SUB> = - 13. Abell 665 and 963 are two of the richest clusters known at that redshift. We therefore propose that the galaxy luminosity function might be universal in this magnitude range at z=0.2. The dwarf galaxies that we see in Abell 665 have a colour distribution that is strongly peaked at B - R =1.9. We compute K-corrections based on the spectral energy distributions of local galaxies, and show that these are probably dwarf spheroidal galaxies. This might suggest that the dwarf spheroidal population observed in Virgo already existed at z=0.2.
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12.412198
5.880851
1998-04-01
26
1998MNRAS.295..360T
[ "luminosity function", "spheroidal galaxies", "the galaxy luminosity function", "local galaxies", "Several technical points", "the steep luminosity functions", "Abell", "the luminosity function", "the luminosity functions", "small scales" ]
[ "galaxies: clusters: general - galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 665 - galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 963 - galaxies: luminosity function", "mass function - gravitational lensing" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01242.x" ]
[ "Trentham, N." ]
[ "-" ]
[ "1998MNRAS.299..488T", "1998MNRAS.301..357D", "1998MNRAS.301..369D", "1999A&ARv...9..273V", "1999AJ....118.1506B", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000ApJ...540..726G", "2001MNRAS.325..385T", "2001MNRAS.328..277B", "2002ApJ...569..144A", "2002MNRAS.333..423T", "2002MNRAS.336..851D", "2003AJ....126.2662D", "2004MNRAS.350..253D", "2004MNRAS.352.1135P", "2004bdmh.confE..75R", "2005A&A...433..415P", "2005MNRAS.357..783T", "2005MNRAS.361..983R", "2005MNRAS.364.1147P", "2005astro.ph..4348R", "2005nfcd.conf..346P", "2006A&A...445...29P", "2006ApJ...650..137Z", "2009AJ....137.3091H", "2011MNRAS.415.2553Z" ]
[ "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1974ApJ...194....1O", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1978ApJ...219...18B", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1981AJ.....86..476J", "1982AJ.....87..972Q", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1982SPIE..331..465V", "1983AJ.....88..804C", "1983AJ.....88.1285K", "1983ApJ...271..442S", "1984ApJ...280..528B", "1985AJ.....90.1759S", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1987nngp.proc..163K", "1987nngp.proc..195B", "1988AJ.....96....1T", "1988ApJ...329L..21L", "1988MNRAS.235..827B", "1989ApJ...345..245C", "1991ApJ...370....1M", "1991MNRAS.249..184E", "1991MNRAS.249..481J", "1991Natur.354..460C", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992MNRAS.254..601B", "1992MNRAS.256P..43E", "1992grle.book.....S", "1993MNRAS.263..343F", "1993Natur.366..429W", "1994AJ....108..437M", "1994ApJ...429....4C", "1994ApJ...436..618C", "1994MNRAS.268..393D", "1994feg..conf....1H", "1995A&A...297..610B", "1995AJ....110.1507B", "1995ApJ...438...49B", "1995ApJ...442..480T", "1995ApJ...450..512S", "1995ApJ...450..534D", "1995MNRAS.274..153K", "1995Natur.377..603C", "1996AJ....112..839C", "1996ApJ...458..100B", "1996ApJ...469..623S", "1996MNRAS.280..235E", "1997MNRAS.284..915W", "1997MNRAS.286..133T", "1998MNRAS.293...71T", "1998MNRAS.294..193T" ]
2090608
null
Resolution of a Z = 1 QSO with Adaptive Optics
The Adaptive Optics Bonnette (AOB) of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) was used to obtain H-band and I-band images of the low-luminosity, optically selected quasar 1055.3+019 at z=1.06. The FWHMs of stars were 0.11" in H and 0.3" in I during these observations, and the detectors used had 0.034" pixels in H and 0.12" pixels in I. Procedures for determining the point-spread function are described. The QSO is clearly resolved in both wave bands, with significant extended flux within 0.1" of the nucleus. Overall, it appears to be elongated in the direction of a knot and connecting feature extending about 1" northeast of the nucleus visible in the H-band image. There are no other evident close companions, but the host galaxy's hybrid luminosity profile and off-centered nucleus indicate recent tidal disturbance. The I-H colors of the host galaxy correspond to an unreddened stellar population that is currently star forming or is within a very short time of ending an initial starburst. The reddening must be small to match any models.
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14.847445
6.647048
1998-04-01
10
1998PASP..110..374H
[ "H", "significant extended flux", "connecting feature", "I. Procedures", "recent tidal disturbance", "star", "stars", "AOB", "the host galaxys hybrid luminosity profile", "Canada" ]
[ "QUASARS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/316157" ]
[ "Hutchings, J. B.", "Crampton, David", "Morris, S. L.", "Steinbring, E." ]
[ "Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, B.C. V8X 4M6, Canada", "Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, B.C. V8X 4M6, Canada", "Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, B.C. V8X 4M6, Canada", "Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada" ]
[ "1999A&A...352..406C", "1999AJ....117.1109H", "1999BASI...27..443S", "2000MNRAS.314..263C", "2001AJ....121...80H", "2002PASP..114.1267S", "2002RvMP...74..551S", "2005A&A...434..469F", "2006NewAR..50..732F", "2008ApJ...673..694F" ]
[ "1987ApJ...314..129C", "1991ApJ...371..478M", "1992AJ....104....1H", "1992ApJ...393...68L", "1992ApJ...393..484B", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993MNRAS.264..455D", "1994ApJ...431..137M", "1995AJ....109.1541H", "1995AJ....110..994H", "1995ApJ...439..588L", "1995ApJ...447L...1B", "1995ApJ...450..486B", "1995ApJ...454L..77M", "1995MNRAS.275L..27A", "1995Natur.376..118H", "1995Natur.376..150D", "1997AJ....113..550H", "1997ApJ...479..642B", "1997OSAJ...14.3057V", "1998PASP..110..152R" ]
2087784
null
A search for optical polarization from the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy RE J1034+396
We present spectropolarimetry data on RE J1034+396, an ultra-soft X-ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy, and find an upper limit of ~0.4 to the linear polarization in the optical band. This suggests that there is no synchrotron emission in this AGN, and thus it is unlikely that RE J1034+396 is related to BL Lac objects. Furthermore, any other polarization arising from transmission through dust, or reflection from dust and electrons, must be cancelled out by geometrical effects or diluted to a high degree by unpolarized radiation.
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15.432005
7.523965
1998-04-01
11
1998MNRAS.295..568B
[ "J1034", "geometrical effects", "BL Lac objects", "dust", "BL Lac", "spectropolarimetry data", "unpolarized radiation", "AGN", "RE", "an ultra-soft X-ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy" ]
[ "Seyfert Galaxies", "X Ray Sources", "Optical Polarization", "Line Spectra", "Spectral Bands", "Polarimetry", "Linear Polarization", "Astrophysics", "POLARIZATION", "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: RE J1034+396", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01354.x" ]
[ "Breeveld, A. A.", "Puchnarewicz, E. M." ]
[ "London, Univ., College", "London, Univ., College" ]
[ "1999A&A...341..662G", "1999ApJ...518..219K", "2001ApJ...550..644P", "2002ChJAA...2..293H", "2002MNRAS.329..456S", "2002astro.ph..2030P", "2016A&A...594A.102C", "2016MNRAS.458L..69B", "2018A&A...616A..43S", "2018MNRAS.478.4830C", "2022RAA....22g5003C" ]
[ "1981ApJ...243..381C", "1981ApJ...245..357Z", "1981ApJ...250..478K", "1984PASP...96..393G", "1985ApJ...297..166O", "1988AJ.....95..900B", "1989A&A...219...87C", "1989ApJ...342..224G", "1990ApJ...355...88G", "1992AJ....104.1563S", "1992ApJ...399L..19B", "1992ApJ...400...96W", "1992ApJS...79...77S", "1993ARA&A..31..473A", "1993ApJ...404..100J", "1993MNRAS.260...77P", "1995AJ....109...81U", "1995ApJ...452..565K", "1995MNRAS.276...20P", "1995MNRAS.276..460W", "1995MNRAS.277L...5P", "1996MNRAS.278..326B", "1996MNRAS.283L..26M", "1997AJ....114..565J" ]
2090358
null
The diffuse ionized gas in NGC 4449
It is now well established that there is a diffuse ionized medium which extends far beyond the discs of spirals. The mechanism responsible for the ionization is still an issue of debate, and the method of measuring the total luminosity, independently of the observational set-up, has to be defined. Here we analyse the case of the Magellanic irregular NGC 4449, using Fabry-Perot bidimensional mapping of the H-alpha emission line, at the 4.2 m WHT telescope on La Palma, Canary Islands. The total spatial coverage of 80 x 80 sq. arcsec allows most of the star forming regions to be sampled at 0.26 arcsec/pixel spatial resolution. Using 3D spectroscopy, it is possible to define the individual star-forming regions and to produce a luminosity versus size diagram. This can be used to estimate directly the number of photons leaking out from those regions exceeding the thickness of the galactic disc. In the case of NGC 4449 it is shown that the large population of giant extragalactic HII regions can be the source of UV photons ionizing the diffuse ionized gas (DIG) of the galaxy, and the logL-R diagram can be used to quantify the number of photons leaking out of the material surrounding the star forming regions. In the case of NGC 4449 it is found that 54% of the total luminosity of the giant star-forming regions is lost to the DIG. This implies a contribution of 3.12 x 10^40^ erg/sec which amounts to 30% of the galaxy total H-alpha luminosity.
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11.767386
8.472563
1998-04-01
3
1998PASA...15..103M
[ "giant extragalactic HII regions", "UV photons", "the star forming regions", "photons", "La Palma", "NGC", "size diagram", "the giant star-forming regions", "the galaxy total H-alpha luminosity", "the individual star-forming regions" ]
[ "DIFFUSE IONIZED GAS", "HII REGIONS", "FABRY-PEROT SPECTROSCOPY", "NGC 4449" ]
0
[ "10.1071/AS98103" ]
[ "Munoz-Tunon, C.", "Fuentes-Masip, O.", "Castaneda, H. O." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1999A&A...343...64M", "2000AJ....119.2166F", "2003RMxAC..16..285I" ]
[ "1979ApJ...228..112M", "1979PASP...91..280S", "1986AJ.....91.1295M", "1986PASP...98....5H", "1989ApJ...337..761K", "1990ApJ...362..480H", "1992PhDT.......139S", "1995AJ....110.1630M", "1997PhDT........22F" ]
3121621
astro-ph/9707186
Modelling the redshift-space distortion of galaxy clustering
We use a set of large, high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations to examine the redshift-space distortions of galaxy clustering on scales of order 10-200h^-1Mpc. Galaxy redshift surveys currently in progress will, on completion, allow us to measure the quadrupole distortion in the 2-point correlation function, xi(sigma, pi), or its Fourier transform, the power spectrum P(k, mu), to a high degree of accuracy. On these scales we typically find a positive quadrupole, as expected for coherent infall on to overdense regions and outflow from underdense regions, but the distortion is substantially weaker than that predicted by pure linear theory. We assess two models that may be regarded as refinements to linear theory, the Zel'dovich approximation and a dispersion model in which the non-linear velocities generated by the formation of virialized groups and clusters are treated as random perturbations to the velocities predicted by linear theory. We find that neither provides an adequate physical description of the clustering pattern. If used to model redshift-space distortions on scales for 10&lt;lambda&lt;200h-1Mpc the estimated value of beta [beta=f(Omega_0)/b where f(Omega_0)~Omega^0.6_0 and b is the galaxy bias parameter] is liable to systematic errors of the order of 10 per cent or more. We discuss how such systematics can be avoided by (i) development of a more complete model of redshift distortions and (ii) the direct use of galaxy catalogues generated from non-linear N-body simulations.
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11.917488
2.651734
1998-05-01
74
1998MNRAS.296...10H
[ "redshift distortions", "pure linear theory", "linear theory", "Galaxy redshift surveys", "galaxy catalogues", "galaxy", "non-linear N-body simulations", "linear", "redshift-space distortions", "underdense regions" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01269.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9707186" ]
[ "Hatton, Steve", "Cole, Shaun" ]
[ "Department of Physics, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Department of Physics, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE" ]
[ "1998ASPC..151..136P", "1998ASSL..231..185H", "1998ApJ...496L..85M", "1998MNRAS.300..747V", "1998MNRAS.300..945C", "1998MNRAS.301..797H", "1998PhRvD..59b3512H", "1998PhRvL..80.5255H", "1999AJ....118.1146S", "1999ApJ...510...20W", "1999ApJ...517..531S", "1999ApJ...518....2E", "1999MNRAS.305..547C", "1999MNRAS.309L..30C", "1999MNRAS.310.1137H", "2000ApJ...528...30M", "2000ApJ...537...12H", "2001ApJ...552..413G", "2001ApJ...553...14V", "2001MNRAS.327..577B", "2001MNRAS.327..689T", "2001Natur.410..169P", "2002ApJ...566..630Y", "2002ApJ...571..172Z", "2002ApJ...579...76L", "2002MNRAS.329..629S", "2002MNRAS.330..506H", "2002MNRAS.335..432V", "2002MNRAS.335..887T", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2003ApJS..148..195V", "2003MNRAS.342..962S", "2003astro.ph..9204L", "2004ApJ...606..702T", "2004MNRAS.348..250C", "2004PhRvD..70h3007S", "2005ApJ...633..575S", "2005MNRAS.358..939P", "2005MNRAS.364..743N", "2005PhRvD..71d3511S", "2006MNRAS.368...85T", "2007ApJ...659..877T", "2007ChJAA...7...51C", "2007MNRAS.381..573R", "2008MNRAS.387.1323R", "2009JCAP...10..004S", "2011ApJ...726....5O", "2011MNRAS.410.2081J", "2011MNRAS.410.2730K", "2011MNRAS.415.2876B", "2011MNRAS.418.1725B", "2011PhRvD..84d3526N", "2012MNRAS.420.1916S", "2012MNRAS.423.3430B", "2012MNRAS.425..116S", "2012PDU.....1...50K", "2013MNRAS.430..934C", "2013MNRAS.436.2038Z", "2013PhR...530...87W", "2013PhRvD..87h3509T", "2013arXiv1303.3302B", "2014JCAP...01..019M", "2014MNRAS.443.3359I", "2014PhRvD..89d3509T", "2015PhRvD..92f3004U", "2016MNRAS.458.2725J", "2017PhRvD..95l3516R", "2018MNRAS.478.1866H", "2018MNRAS.479.5168B", "2019A&A...622A..83S", "2019MNRAS.487.5235Q", "2019MNRAS.489..153B", "2021PhRvD.103j3524G", "2022ApJ...937..113Q" ]
[ "1970A&A.....5...84Z", "1972MNRAS.156P...1J", "1977ApJ...212L...3S", "1978ApJ...222..784G", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983MNRAS.205..605B", "1985ApJS...57..241E", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1987ApJ...313..505W", "1987MNRAS.227....1K", "1991ApJ...368L..23C", "1991ApJ...374L...1H", "1992MNRAS.258P...1E", "1992MNRAS.259..652W", "1992nrfa.book.....P", "1993ApJ...406L..47H", "1993MNRAS.261..827M", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1993ppc..book.....P", "1994ApJ...426...23F", "1994ApJ...431..569P", "1994ApJ...437L...1D", "1994MNRAS.267..785C", "1994MNRAS.267..927F", "1994MNRAS.267.1020P", "1994MNRAS.269..626M", "1994astro.ph.10043W", "1995A&A...296..575B", "1995ApJ...448..494F", "1995MNRAS.274.1049B", "1995MNRAS.275..515C", "1995MNRAS.276L..45T", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1996ApJ...468....1L", "1996ApJ...470L...1M", "1996ApJ...471..617L", "1996MNRAS.279L...1F", "1996MNRAS.280L..37B", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1996MNRAS.282..767T", "1996MNRAS.282..877B", "1996MNRAS.283.1227M", "1997ApJ...475..414B", "1998MNRAS.293..197R" ]
1442101
astro-ph/9801249
Radio jet interactions in the radio galaxy PKS 2152-699
We present radio observations of the radio galaxy PKS 2152-699 obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The much higher resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the new radio maps reveal the presence of a bright radio component about 10 arcsec north-east of the nucleus. This lies close to the highly ionized cloud previously studied in the optical and here shown in a broad-band red snapshot image with the HST PC 2. It suggests that PKS 2152-699 may be a jet/cloud interaction similar to 3C 277.3. This could cause the change in the position angle (of ~20 deg) of the radio emission from the inner to the outer regions. On the large scale, the source has Fanaroff &amp; Riley type II morphology although the presence of the two hotspots in the centres of the lobes is unusual. The northern lobe shows a particularly relaxed structure while the southern one has an edge-brightened, arc-like structure.
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15.412981
6.033361
1998-05-01
33
1998MNRAS.296..701F
[ "radio observations", "~20 deg", "PKS", "a bright radio component", "the new radio maps", "the radio emission", "the radio galaxy", "noise", "Fanaroff", "amp" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: PKS 2152-699", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: JETS", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01404.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9801249" ]
[ "Fosbury, R. A. E.", "Morganti, R.", "Wilson, W.", "Ekers, R. D.", "di Serego Alighieri, S.", "Tadhunter, C. N." ]
[ "Space Telescope-European Coordinating Facility, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany", "CSIRO, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia", "CSIRO, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia", "CSIRO, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia", "Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125, Firenze, Italy", "Department of Physics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH" ]
[ "1999ApJ...526...60S", "1999ApJS..124...11L", "1999MNRAS.307..420L", "1999MNRAS.307..750M", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000MNRAS.319..484R", "2001MNRAS.328..848V", "2002LNP...589..169G", "2003AJ....126.2237D", "2005ApJ...618..609L", "2005ApJ...622..830Y", "2006AJ....131..100B", "2006AJ....131..114B", "2006MNRAS.371..898S", "2007ApJ...662..872F", "2008MNRAS.384..775M", "2009A&A...500L..33J", "2009MNRAS.395..504B", "2010ApJ...710.1205H", "2010MNRAS.404.1966X", "2010MNRAS.407.1739I", "2010PASA...27..463M", "2011MNRAS.412..960T", "2012MNRAS.424.1346W", "2013MNRAS.429.2380C", "2014arXiv1401.4791L", "2015MNRAS.448..280K", "2016AN....337..159T", "2021AN....342.1200T", "2022ApJ...931..138F", "2023ApJ...952..148E", "2023ApJS..265...32M", "2023MNRAS.525.5298H" ]
[ "1969AuJPA...7....3E", "1974MNRAS.167P..31F", "1977MNRAS.181..183C", "1979AJ.....84...56S", "1984ApJ...279...60L", "1984ApJ...286..509H", "1985ApJ...290..496V", "1985ApJ...293...83V", "1986ApJ...311...58V", "1987ApJ...321L..29M", "1987Natur.325..504T", "1987Natur.329..604C", "1988MNRAS.235..403T", "1988Natur.334..591D", "1989AJ.....97..647P", "1990ESASP.310..513F", "1990PKS...C......0W", "1991MNRAS.249...91M", "1991MNRAS.252..558C", "1991MNRAS.253..669L", "1992ApJS...80..137J", "1993ARA&A..31..639M", "1993ApJ...414..563V", "1994MNRAS.268..602J", "1995A&A...300..643C", "1995ASPC...77.....S", "1996AJ....111..718T", "1996cyga.book...15C", "1997MNRAS.284..541M", "1997MNRAS.286..558C" ]
11643674
astro-ph/9710096
Constraining the cosmological baryon density with X-ray clusters
We study the properties of X-ray galaxy clusters in four cold dark matter models with different baryon fractions Omega_BM, ranging from 5 to 20 per cent. By using an original three-dimensional hydrodynamic code based on the piecewise parabolic method, we run simulations on a box with a size of 64h^-1 Mpc and we identify the clusters by selecting the peaks in the X-ray luminosity field. We analyse these mock catalogues by computing the mass function, the luminosity function, the temperature distribution and the luminosity-temperature relation. By comparing the predictions of the different models to a series of recent observational results, we find that only the models with low baryonic content agree with the data, while models with larger baryon fraction are well outside the 1sigma error bars. In particular, the analysis of the luminosity functions, both bolometric and in the energy band [0.5-2] keV, requires Omega_BM&lt;~0.05 when we fix the values h=0.5 and n=0.8 for the Hubble parameter and the primordial spectral index, respectively. Moreover we find that, independently of the cosmological scenario, all the considered quantities have very little redshift evolution, particularly between z=0.5 and 0.
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12.933737
4.620265
1998-05-01
21
1998MNRAS.296...85G
[ "X-ray galaxy clusters", "different baryon fractions", "larger baryon fraction", "models", "low baryonic content", "recent observational results", "the X-ray luminosity field", "64h^-1 Mpc", "four cold dark matter models", "the luminosity function" ]
[ "HYDRODYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "DARK MATTER", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "X-RAYS: GALAXIES", "X-RAYS: GENERAL", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01250.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9710096" ]
[ "Gheller, Claudio", "Pantano, Ornella", "Moscardini, Lauro" ]
[ "SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, via Beirut 2-4, I-34013 Trieste, Italy", "Dipartimento di Fisica Galileo Galilei, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy", "Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy" ]
[ "1998MNRAS.300..183C", "1999ASPC..176..152G", "1999MNRAS.310..540A", "1999PASP..111..385T", "1999astro.ph.11499R", "2000A&A...353..435Q", "2000MNRAS.314..647M", "2000MNRAS.316..283M", "2001ApJ...547..594R", "2001MNRAS.327..488C", "2002ASPC..253..407C", "2002ASPC..268..240C", "2002ApJ...581L...1C", "2004AdSpR..34.2604S", "2009MNRAS.395.1333V", "2010A&A...513A..32V", "2010NewA...15..695V", "2011MNRAS.413.2305V", "2012MNRAS.421.3375V", "2020MNRAS.496.3648B", "2021MNRAS.500.5350V" ]
[ "1970A&A.....5...84Z", "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1979rpa..book.....R", "1981csup.book.....H", "1984JCoPh..54..174C", "1985PhRvD..32.1316L", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1988ApJ...328...69V", "1990ApJ...363..349E", "1991ApJ...372..410H", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992ApJS...78..341C", "1993A&A...268..391S", "1993ApJ...412..479D", "1993ApJ...414....1R", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1993Natur.366..429W", "1993PhR...231....1L", "1994ApJ...428....1K", "1994ApJ...428..405B", "1994ApJ...430...83K", "1994ApJ...437L...5B", "1995A&A...293..337E", "1995ApJS...97..231G", "1995ApJS..100..281S", "1995CoPhC..89..149B", "1995MNRAS.273...72W", "1995MNRAS.275..720N", "1996AJ....111.2135R", "1996ApJ...459L...1R", "1996ApJ...464L...1B", "1996ApJ...467L..49B", "1996ConPh..37..429C", "1996MNRAS.281..323V", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1996MNRAS.283..107W", "1996MNRAS.283.1184G", "1996Natur.381..207T", "1996rftu.proc..577D", "1997ApJ...479L.101E", "1997ApJ...480....6B", "1997ApJ...482L..13M", "1997ApJ...485...39C", "1997ApJ...489....7R", "1997ApJ...490..564W", "1997MNRAS.290..411T", "1997Natur.385..137S", "1997NewA....1..321B", "1998MNRAS.295..519G", "1998MNRAS.296..109C" ]
2090596
null
Homogeneous Photometry for Star Clusters and Resolved Galaxies. I. A Survey of Bright Stars in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
We present accurate photometry on the Johnson B, Kron-Cousins R photometric system for approximately 100,000 stars in a 1/3 deg^2 field centered on the dwarf spheroidal galaxy in Fornax. We identify numerous probable short-period variable stars, blue stars that appear to be the main sequence of a small population with an age of order 10^8 yr, and two distinct types of luminous red star: an extended sequence of primarily carbon stars and a clump of mostly M giants slightly more luminous than the giant-branch tip. The spatial distribution of each of these subpopulations within the Fornax dwarf galaxy is considered.
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10.149982
7.713724
1998-05-01
159
1998PASP..110..533S
[ "luminous red star", "blue stars", "numerous probable short-period variable stars", "accurate photometry", "Kron-Cousins R photometric system", "Fornax", "Johnson", "the Fornax dwarf galaxy", "primarily carbon stars", "order" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NAME: FORNAX", "STARS: EVOLUTION" ]
2
[ "10.1086/316164" ]
[ "Stetson, Peter B.", "Hesser, James E.", "Smecker-Hane, Tammy A." ]
[ "National Research Council, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8X 4M6, Canada", "National Research Council, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8X 4M6, Canada", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Physical Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575" ]
[ "1998A&A...338..435N", "1998AJ....116.1244T", "1998AcA....48..383U", "1999A&A...345..747H", "1999A&ARv...9..273V", "1999A&AS..139..491M", "1999AJ....117.1758Y", "1999AJ....118..862M", "1999AJ....118.1645C", "1999AJ....118.1671B", "1999AJ....118.2245G", "1999ASPC..163..142K", "1999ASPC..165..153D", "1999ASPC..192..150S", "1999ApJ...514..665G", "1999ApJ...523L..25H", "1999IAUS..192...17G", "1999IAUS..192..136W", "1999IAUS..192..161B", "1999IAUS..192..165G", "1999IAUS..192..304A", "1999astro.ph..7073B", "2000A&A...355...56S", "2000A&A...362..544K", "2000AJ....119..188Y", "2000AJ....119..705D", "2000ASPC..221..133G", "2000ApJ...530L..85H", "2000ESASP.445...87G", "2000PASP..112..925S", "2000astro.ph..7239G", "2001A&A...371..487J", "2001AJ....121.2572G", "2001AJ....122.2524A", "2001AJ....122.3092H", "2001ApSSS.277..255G", "2001MNRAS.327..918T", "2001MmSAI..72..773S", "2002AJ....123..840B", "2002AJ....123.2525C", "2002AJ....124..332D", "2002ASPC..273..133D", "2002Ap&SS.281..109A", "2002ApJ...574..726S", "2002ApJ...579L..17B", "2002IAUS..207...62H", "2002Msngr.108...16G", "2002astro.ph..8449G", "2003A&A...397..831S", "2003AJ....125..224R", "2003AJ....125..707T", "2003AJ....125.1291S", "2003AJ....125.1926G", "2003AJ....126..218M", "2003ApJ...588..326G", "2003ApJ...592..111Y", "2003MmSAI..74..884C", "2003MmSAI..74..909M", "2003PASP..115..413S", "2004A&A...426...25H", "2004AJ....127..832C", "2004AJ....127..840P", "2004AJ....127.1579B", "2004AJ....127.2711H", "2004AJ....128..687D", "2004MmSAI..75..114M", "2004PASA...21..379C", "2004oee..sympE..24G", "2005AJ....129..303C", "2005AJ....129.1443C", "2005PASA...22..162C", "2005PASP..117..563S", "2005astro.ph..7244G", "2005nfcd.conf....1G", "2006A&A...453..547L", "2006A&A...459..423B", "2006AJ....131..912O", "2006ApJ...651L.121H", "2007A&A...467.1025G", "2007A&A...468..121K", "2007AJ....133..270K", "2007AJ....133..818P", "2007AJ....133.2274B", "2007ApJ...657..241K", "2007ApJ...667..170S", "2007MNRAS.378..318B", "2007MNRAS.380.1255R", "2007ggnu.conf....3G", "2008A&ARv..15..145H", "2008AJ....136..731M", "2008ApJ...678..179S", "2008ApJ...685..933C", "2008IAUS..244..300G", "2008MNRAS.386..348S", "2008MNRAS.390..863B", "2009A&A...504.1031G", "2009AIPC.1170..318G", "2009IAUS..254...49G", "2009MNRAS.394..795W", "2009MNRAS.396.1771M", "2009MNRAS.399.1275P", "2009MNRAS.399L.151D", "2010A&A...516A..85C", "2010A&A...521A..43L", "2010A&A...523A..17L", "2010A&A...524A..58T", "2010AIPC.1240..375P", "2010ASPC..424..242L", "2010ApJS..191..352K", "2010IAUS..262..115L", "2010IAUS..264...87G", "2011A&A...531A.152L", "2011ApJ...742...20W", "2011MNRAS.417.1643K", "2012A&A...544A..73D", "2012ApJ...744..157M", "2012ApJ...752..140S", "2012ApJ...752L..16K", "2012ApJ...756L...2A", "2012ApJ...756L..18Y", "2012AstBu..67..438A", "2012MNRAS.424.1113B", "2012MNRAS.425..231R", "2013A&A...550A...7L", "2013A&A...550A..18N", "2013A&A...551A.103D", "2013ApJ...767..131L", "2013MNRAS.433.1505D", "2013MmSAI..84..645N", "2013pss5.book.1039W", "2014A&A...572A..82H", "2014A&A...572A..88L", "2014ApJ...791....8H", "2014MNRAS.444..392C", "2014PASP..126..616S", "2015ASSP...39...61C", "2015ApJ...798...77H", "2015ApJ...801..125K", "2015MNRAS.449..761U", "2015MNRAS.451.2735M", "2015MNRAS.453..690B", "2015MNRAS.454.2401B", "2015MNRAS.454.3996D", "2016A&A...585A..86H", "2016AJ....152..170B", "2016MNRAS.456.1185B", "2016MNRAS.462.4349M", "2017MNRAS.469.4999D", "2018SSRv..214..113B", "2019A&A...630A.116S", "2019ApJ...875L..13W", "2019MNRAS.485.3042S", "2019adds.book...89B", "2021ApJ...923...77P", "2021MNRAS.500..986H", "2021MNRAS.502..642R", "2022ApJ...929..116O", "2022MNRAS.517.6121V", "2024arXiv240419069P" ]
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