Datasets:

---

lighteval

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natural_questions_clean

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Evaluation datasets 56

[ "The original World Trade Center was a large complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. It featured the landmark Twin Towers, which opened on April 4, 1973 and were destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks. At the time of their completion, the Twin Towers — the original 1 World Trade Center, at 1,368 feet (417 m); and 2 World Trade Center, at 1,362 feet (415.1 m) — were the tallest buildings in the world. Other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC), 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6 WTC, and 7 WTC. The complex was located in New York City's Financial District and contained 13,400,000 square feet (1,240,000 m2) of office space.[4][5]\n" ]

[ "1973" ]

[ "\n\n\n\nBattle of Vimy Ridge\n\n\nPart of the Battle of Arras along the Western Front of the First World War\n\n\n\nThe Battle of Vimy Ridge, a painting by Richard Jack. Canadian War Museum\n\n\n\n\n\nDate\n9–12 April 1917\n\n\nLocation\nVimy, Pas-de-Calais, France\n50°22′44″N 2°46′26″E / 50.379°N 2.774°E / 50.379; 2.774Coordinates: 50°22′44″N 2°46′26″E / 50.379°N 2.774°E / 50.379; 2.774\n\n\nResult\nAllied victory\n\n\n\n\n\nBelligerents\n\n\n Canada\n United Kingdom\n German Empire\n\n\nCommanders and leaders\n\n\nJulian Byng\nLudwig von Falkenhausen\nKarl von Fasbender\nGeorg Karl Wichura\n\n\nStrength\n\n\n4 Canadian divisions and 1 British division totalling\n170,000 men[1]\n3 divisions totalling\n30,000–45,000 men[2]\n\n\nCasualties and losses\n\n\n3,598 dead,\n7,004 wounded[3][4]\nunknown dead or wounded,\n4,000 captured[4]\n\n\n\n", "\n\n\n\nBattle of Vimy Ridge\n\n\nPart of the Battle of Arras along the Western Front of the First World War\n\n\n\nThe Battle of Vimy Ridge, a painting by Richard Jack. Canadian War Museum\n\n\n\n\n\nDate\n9–12 April 1917\n\n\nLocation\nVimy, Pas-de-Calais, France\n50°22′44″N 2°46′26″E / 50.379°N 2.774°E / 50.379; 2.774Coordinates: 50°22′44″N 2°46′26″E / 50.379°N 2.774°E / 50.379; 2.774\n\n\nResult\nAllied victory\n\n\n\n\n\nBelligerents\n\n\n Canada\n United Kingdom\n German Empire\n\n\nCommanders and leaders\n\n\nJulian Byng\nLudwig von Falkenhausen\nKarl von Fasbender\nGeorg Karl Wichura\n\n\nStrength\n\n\n4 Canadian divisions and 1 British division totalling\n170,000 men[1]\n3 divisions totalling\n30,000–45,000 men[2]\n\n\nCasualties and losses\n\n\n3,598 dead,\n7,004 wounded[3][4]\nunknown dead or wounded,\n4,000 captured[4]\n\n\n\n", "\n\n\n\nBattle of Vimy Ridge\n\n\nPart of the Battle of Arras along the Western Front of the First World War\n\n\n\nThe Battle of Vimy Ridge, a painting by Richard Jack. Canadian War Museum\n\n\n\n\n\nDate\n9–12 April 1917\n\n\nLocation\nVimy, Pas-de-Calais, France\n50°22′44″N 2°46′26″E / 50.379°N 2.774°E / 50.379; 2.774Coordinates: 50°22′44″N 2°46′26″E / 50.379°N 2.774°E / 50.379; 2.774\n\n\nResult\nAllied victory\n\n\n\n\n\nBelligerents\n\n\n Canada\n United Kingdom\n German Empire\n\n\nCommanders and leaders\n\n\nJulian Byng\nLudwig von Falkenhausen\nKarl von Fasbender\nGeorg Karl Wichura\n\n\nStrength\n\n\n4 Canadian divisions and 1 British division totalling\n170,000 men[1]\n3 divisions totalling\n30,000–45,000 men[2]\n\n\nCasualties and losses\n\n\n3,598 dead,\n7,004 wounded[3][4]\nunknown dead or wounded,\n4,000 captured[4]\n\n\n\n" ]

[ "Canada", "United Kingdom", "German Empire" ]

[ "In 1779, July 4 fell on a Sunday. The holiday was celebrated on Monday, July 5.[18]\nIn 1781, the Massachusetts General Court became the first state legislature to recognize July 4 as a state celebration.[18]\nIn 1783, Salem, North Carolina held a celebration with a challenging music program assembled by Johann Friedrich Peter entitled The Psalm of Joy. The town claims to be the first public July 4 event, as it was carefully documented by the Moravian Church, and there are no government records of any earlier celebrations.[19]\nIn 1870, the U.S. Congress made Independence Day an unpaid holiday for federal employees.[20]\nIn 1938, Congress changed Independence Day to a paid federal holiday.[21]" ]

[ "In 1870" ]

[ "Stephanie Courtney (born February 8, 1970)[1] is an American actress and comedian, best known for playing the advertising character Flo in television and radio commercials for Progressive Corporation beginning in 2008,[2] and noted for her recurring roles on several television series, including the voices of Renee the Receptionist and Joy Peters on the Adult Swim comedy Tom Goes to the Mayor (2004–06); Marge on the AMC drama Mad Men (2007); and Diane on the ABC comedy Cavemen (2007). She also appeared in the season 2 premiere of Men of a Certain Age. Courtney is a member of The Groundlings, an improvisational and sketch comedy theater in Los Angeles, California." ]

[ "Stephanie Courtney" ]

[ "Johnny Depp as Tarrant Hightopp, the Mad Hatter[3]\n\nLouis Ashbourne Serkis as a young Tarrant Hightopp[4]\n\n" ]

[ "Johnny Depp" ]

[ "\n25\nMian Saqib Nisar\n000000002016-12-31-000031 December 2016\n000000002019-01-17-000017 January 2019\n351\nLahore High Court\n" ]

[ "17 January 2019" ]

[ "Gun violence in the United States is a major national concern that results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually.[1] In 2013, there were 73,505 nonfatal firearm injuries (23.2 injuries per 100,000 U.S. citizens),[2][3] and 33,636 deaths due to \"injury by firearms\" (10.6 deaths per 100,000 U.S. citizens).[4] These deaths consisted of 11,208 homicides,[5] 21,175 suicides,[4] 505 deaths due to accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm, and 281 deaths due to firearms use with \"undetermined intent\".[4] Of the 2,596,993 total deaths in the US in 2013, 1.3% were related to firearms.[1][6] The ownership and control of guns are among the most widely debated issues in the country.", "Gun violence in the United States is a major national concern that results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually.[1] In 2013, there were 73,505 nonfatal firearm injuries (23.2 injuries per 100,000 U.S. citizens),[2][3] and 33,636 deaths due to \"injury by firearms\" (10.6 deaths per 100,000 U.S. citizens).[4] These deaths consisted of 11,208 homicides,[5] 21,175 suicides,[4] 505 deaths due to accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm, and 281 deaths due to firearms use with \"undetermined intent\".[4] Of the 2,596,993 total deaths in the US in 2013, 1.3% were related to firearms.[1][6] The ownership and control of guns are among the most widely debated issues in the country." ]

[ "In", "2013, there were 73,505 nonfatal firearm injuries (23.2 injuries per 100,000 U.S. citizens),[2][3] and 33,636 deaths due to \"injury by firearms\"" ]

[ "This law was passed by Parliament on 15 June 2005 and came fully into force on 12 October 2005. The first RTI application was filed at a police station in Pune by Shahid Raza Burney.[1] The first RTI application in Delhi was filed to the office of President about article 370 in Jammu & Kashmir.[2] Every day, over 4800 RTI applications are filed. In the first ten years of the commencement of the act over 17,500,000 applications have been filed.[3]" ]

[ "12 October 2005" ]

[ "For the majority of tests, blood is usually obtained from the patient's vein. Other specialized tests, such as the arterial blood gas test, require blood extracted from an artery. Blood gas analysis of arterial blood is primarily used to monitor carbon dioxide and oxygen levels related to pulmonary function, but is also used to measure blood pH and bicarbonate levels for certain metabolic conditions.[7]\n" ]

[ "blood gas test" ]

[ "The Brooklyn Dodgers was an American Major League baseball team, active primarily in the National League from 1884 until 1957, after which the club moved to Los Angeles, where it continues its history as the Los Angeles Dodgers. The team's name derived from the reputed skill of Brooklyn residents at evading the city's trolley streetcar network. The Dodgers played in two stadiums in South Brooklyn, each named Washington Park, and at Eastern Park in the neighborhood of Brownsville before moving to Ebbets Field in the neighborhood of Flatbush in 1913. The team is noted for signing Jackie Robinson in 1947 as the first black player in the modern major leagues.[1]" ]

[ "the reputed skill of Brooklyn residents at evading the city's trolley streetcar network" ]

[ "The Red Desert is a high altitude desert and sagebrush steppe located in south central Wyoming, comprising approximately 9,320 square miles (24,000 km2). Among the natural features in the Red Desert region are the Great Divide Basin, a unique endorheic drainage basin formed by a division in the Continental Divide, and the Killpecker Sand Dunes, the largest living dune system in the United States. In the 19th century, the Oregon, California and Mormon Trails crossed the Continental Divide at South Pass, just north of the Red Desert. Today, busy Interstate 80 bisects the desert's southern region while gas field roads cross the desert.\n" ]

[ "in south central Wyoming" ]

[ "Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the \"Age of Fish\". The first ray-finned and lobe-finned bony fish appeared, while the placoderms began dominating almost every known aquatic environment. The ancestors of all four-limbed vertebrates (tetrapods) began adapting to walking on land, as their strong pectoral and pelvic fins gradually evolved into legs.[10] In the oceans, primitive sharks became more numerous than in the Silurian and Late Ordovician.\n" ]

[ "the Devonian" ]

[ "The Ante-Nicene Fathers asserted Christ's deity and spoke of \"Father, Son and Holy Spirit\", even though their language is not that of the traditional doctrine as formalised in the fourth century. Trinitarians view these as elements of the codified doctrine.[30] Ignatius of Antioch provides early support for the Trinity around 110,[31] exhorting obedience to \"Christ, and to the Father, and to the Spirit\".[32] Justin Martyr (AD 100–c. 165) also writes, \"in the name of God, the Father and Lord of the universe, and of our Saviour Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit\".[33] The first of the early church fathers to be recorded using the word \"Trinity\" was Theophilus of Antioch writing in the late 2nd century. He defines the Trinity as God, His Word (Logos) and His Wisdom (Sophia)[34] in the context of a discussion of the first three days of creation. The first defence of the doctrine of the Trinity was in the early 3rd century by the early church father Tertullian. He explicitly defined the Trinity as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit and defended the Trinitarian theology against the \"Praxean\" heresy.[35] St. Justin and Clement of Alexandra used the Trinity in their doxologies and St. Basil likewise, in the evening lighting of lamps.[36]" ]

[ "Theophilus of Antioch" ]

[ "Salty \"The Sack\" Johnson (John Morrison) is a professional wrestler assigned as GLOW's original trainer, but is fired by Sam due to creative differences." ]

[ "John Morrison)" ]

[ "\nCapital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842.[1] It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed.\n" ]

[ "1989" ]

[ "\"Let It Be\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, released in March 1970 as a single, and (in an alternate mix) as the title track of their album Let It Be. At the time, it had the highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100, beginning its chart run at number 6. It was written and sung by Paul McCartney. It was their final single before McCartney announced his departure from the band. Both the Let It Be album and the US single \"The Long and Winding Road\" were released after McCartney's announced departure from and the subsequent break-up of the group. The alternate mix on their album Let It Be features an additional guitar solo and some minor differences in the orchestral sections." ]

[ "Paul McCartney" ]

[ "The Harichavank (Armenian: Հառիճավանք; transliterated as Harijavank or Harichavank) is 7th century Armenian monastery located near the village of Harich (Armenian: Հառիճ) in the Shirak Province of the Republic of Armenia. The village is 3 km southeast of the town of Artik." ]

[ "located near the village of Harich (Armenian: Հառիճ) in the Shirak Province of the Republic of Armenia" ]

[ "\n\nWillie Mays World Series MVP Award\n\n\n\nGeorge Springer, 2017 World Series MVP\n\n\n\nGiven for\nAnnual Most Valuable Player of the World Series\n\n\nCountry\nUnited States\n\n\nPresented by\nMajor League Baseball\n\n\nHistory\n\n\nFirst award\n1955\n\n\nMost recent\nGeorge Springer, 2017 Houston Astros\n\n" ]

[ "George Springer" ]

[ "2017 NCAA Division I Baseball TournamentSeason\n2017Teams\n64Finals Site\nTD Ameritrade ParkOmaha, NebraskaChampions\nFlorida Gators (1st title)Runner-Up\nLSU Tigers (18th CWS Appearance)Winning coach\nKevin O'Sullivan (1st title)Television\nESPN Networks\n← 2016 \nNCAA Division I Baseball Championship\n2018 →\n" ]

[ "Florida Gators" ]

[ "\n\nHormone\nTissue of Origin\nMetabolic Effect\nEffect on Blood Glucose\n\n\nInsulin\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids.\nLowers\n\n\nAmylin[1]\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 2) Slows gastric emptying; 3) Reduces food intake.\nLowers\n\n\nGLP-1[1]\nIntestinal L cells\n1) Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion; 2) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 3) Slows gastric emptying; 4) Reduces food intake. (Only works while food is in the gut)\nLowers\n\n\nGlucagon\nPancreatic α Cells\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis); 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from amino acids or fats.\nRaises\n\n\nAsprosin[3]\nWhite adipose tissue\n1) Enhances release of liver glucose during fasting.\nRaises\n\n\nSomatostatin\nPancreatic δ Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin.\nLowers\n\n\nEpinephrine\nAdrenal medulla\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nCortisol\nAdrenal cortex\n1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin.\nRaises\n\n\nACTH\nAnterior pituitary\n1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nGrowth Hormone\nAnterior pituitary\nAntagonizes Insulin\nRaises\n\n\nThyroxine\nThyroid\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine\nRaises\n\n", "\n\nHormone\nTissue of Origin\nMetabolic Effect\nEffect on Blood Glucose\n\n\nInsulin\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids.\nLowers\n\n\nAmylin[1]\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 2) Slows gastric emptying; 3) Reduces food intake.\nLowers\n\n\nGLP-1[1]\nIntestinal L cells\n1) Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion; 2) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 3) Slows gastric emptying; 4) Reduces food intake. (Only works while food is in the gut)\nLowers\n\n\nGlucagon\nPancreatic α Cells\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis); 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from amino acids or fats.\nRaises\n\n\nAsprosin[3]\nWhite adipose tissue\n1) Enhances release of liver glucose during fasting.\nRaises\n\n\nSomatostatin\nPancreatic δ Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin.\nLowers\n\n\nEpinephrine\nAdrenal medulla\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nCortisol\nAdrenal cortex\n1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin.\nRaises\n\n\nACTH\nAnterior pituitary\n1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nGrowth Hormone\nAnterior pituitary\nAntagonizes Insulin\nRaises\n\n\nThyroxine\nThyroid\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine\nRaises\n\n", "\n\nHormone\nTissue of Origin\nMetabolic Effect\nEffect on Blood Glucose\n\n\nInsulin\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids.\nLowers\n\n\nAmylin[1]\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 2) Slows gastric emptying; 3) Reduces food intake.\nLowers\n\n\nGLP-1[1]\nIntestinal L cells\n1) Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion; 2) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 3) Slows gastric emptying; 4) Reduces food intake. (Only works while food is in the gut)\nLowers\n\n\nGlucagon\nPancreatic α Cells\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis); 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from amino acids or fats.\nRaises\n\n\nAsprosin[3]\nWhite adipose tissue\n1) Enhances release of liver glucose during fasting.\nRaises\n\n\nSomatostatin\nPancreatic δ Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin.\nLowers\n\n\nEpinephrine\nAdrenal medulla\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nCortisol\nAdrenal cortex\n1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin.\nRaises\n\n\nACTH\nAnterior pituitary\n1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nGrowth Hormone\nAnterior pituitary\nAntagonizes Insulin\nRaises\n\n\nThyroxine\nThyroid\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine\nRaises\n\n", "\n\nHormone\nTissue of Origin\nMetabolic Effect\nEffect on Blood Glucose\n\n\nInsulin\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids.\nLowers\n\n\nAmylin[1]\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 2) Slows gastric emptying; 3) Reduces food intake.\nLowers\n\n\nGLP-1[1]\nIntestinal L cells\n1) Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion; 2) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 3) Slows gastric emptying; 4) Reduces food intake. (Only works while food is in the gut)\nLowers\n\n\nGlucagon\nPancreatic α Cells\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis); 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from amino acids or fats.\nRaises\n\n\nAsprosin[3]\nWhite adipose tissue\n1) Enhances release of liver glucose during fasting.\nRaises\n\n\nSomatostatin\nPancreatic δ Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin.\nLowers\n\n\nEpinephrine\nAdrenal medulla\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nCortisol\nAdrenal cortex\n1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin.\nRaises\n\n\nACTH\nAnterior pituitary\n1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nGrowth Hormone\nAnterior pituitary\nAntagonizes Insulin\nRaises\n\n\nThyroxine\nThyroid\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine\nRaises\n\n", "\n\nHormone\nTissue of Origin\nMetabolic Effect\nEffect on Blood Glucose\n\n\nInsulin\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids.\nLowers\n\n\nAmylin[1]\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 2) Slows gastric emptying; 3) Reduces food intake.\nLowers\n\n\nGLP-1[1]\nIntestinal L cells\n1) Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion; 2) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 3) Slows gastric emptying; 4) Reduces food intake. (Only works while food is in the gut)\nLowers\n\n\nGlucagon\nPancreatic α Cells\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis); 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from amino acids or fats.\nRaises\n\n\nAsprosin[3]\nWhite adipose tissue\n1) Enhances release of liver glucose during fasting.\nRaises\n\n\nSomatostatin\nPancreatic δ Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin.\nLowers\n\n\nEpinephrine\nAdrenal medulla\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nCortisol\nAdrenal cortex\n1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin.\nRaises\n\n\nACTH\nAnterior pituitary\n1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nGrowth Hormone\nAnterior pituitary\nAntagonizes Insulin\nRaises\n\n\nThyroxine\nThyroid\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine\nRaises\n\n", "\n\nHormone\nTissue of Origin\nMetabolic Effect\nEffect on Blood Glucose\n\n\nInsulin\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids.\nLowers\n\n\nAmylin[1]\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 2) Slows gastric emptying; 3) Reduces food intake.\nLowers\n\n\nGLP-1[1]\nIntestinal L cells\n1) Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion; 2) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 3) Slows gastric emptying; 4) Reduces food intake. (Only works while food is in the gut)\nLowers\n\n\nGlucagon\nPancreatic α Cells\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis); 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from amino acids or fats.\nRaises\n\n\nAsprosin[3]\nWhite adipose tissue\n1) Enhances release of liver glucose during fasting.\nRaises\n\n\nSomatostatin\nPancreatic δ Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin.\nLowers\n\n\nEpinephrine\nAdrenal medulla\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nCortisol\nAdrenal cortex\n1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin.\nRaises\n\n\nACTH\nAnterior pituitary\n1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nGrowth Hormone\nAnterior pituitary\nAntagonizes Insulin\nRaises\n\n\nThyroxine\nThyroid\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine\nRaises\n\n", "\n\nHormone\nTissue of Origin\nMetabolic Effect\nEffect on Blood Glucose\n\n\nInsulin\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids.\nLowers\n\n\nAmylin[1]\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 2) Slows gastric emptying; 3) Reduces food intake.\nLowers\n\n\nGLP-1[1]\nIntestinal L cells\n1) Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion; 2) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 3) Slows gastric emptying; 4) Reduces food intake. (Only works while food is in the gut)\nLowers\n\n\nGlucagon\nPancreatic α Cells\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis); 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from amino acids or fats.\nRaises\n\n\nAsprosin[3]\nWhite adipose tissue\n1) Enhances release of liver glucose during fasting.\nRaises\n\n\nSomatostatin\nPancreatic δ Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin.\nLowers\n\n\nEpinephrine\nAdrenal medulla\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nCortisol\nAdrenal cortex\n1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin.\nRaises\n\n\nACTH\nAnterior pituitary\n1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nGrowth Hormone\nAnterior pituitary\nAntagonizes Insulin\nRaises\n\n\nThyroxine\nThyroid\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine\nRaises\n\n", "\n\nHormone\nTissue of Origin\nMetabolic Effect\nEffect on Blood Glucose\n\n\nInsulin\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids.\nLowers\n\n\nAmylin[1]\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 2) Slows gastric emptying; 3) Reduces food intake.\nLowers\n\n\nGLP-1[1]\nIntestinal L cells\n1) Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion; 2) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 3) Slows gastric emptying; 4) Reduces food intake. (Only works while food is in the gut)\nLowers\n\n\nGlucagon\nPancreatic α Cells\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis); 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from amino acids or fats.\nRaises\n\n\nAsprosin[3]\nWhite adipose tissue\n1) Enhances release of liver glucose during fasting.\nRaises\n\n\nSomatostatin\nPancreatic δ Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin.\nLowers\n\n\nEpinephrine\nAdrenal medulla\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nCortisol\nAdrenal cortex\n1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin.\nRaises\n\n\nACTH\nAnterior pituitary\n1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nGrowth Hormone\nAnterior pituitary\nAntagonizes Insulin\nRaises\n\n\nThyroxine\nThyroid\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine\nRaises\n\n", "\n\nHormone\nTissue of Origin\nMetabolic Effect\nEffect on Blood Glucose\n\n\nInsulin\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids.\nLowers\n\n\nAmylin[1]\nPancreatic β Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 2) Slows gastric emptying; 3) Reduces food intake.\nLowers\n\n\nGLP-1[1]\nIntestinal L cells\n1) Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion; 2) Suppresses glucagon secretion after eating; 3) Slows gastric emptying; 4) Reduces food intake. (Only works while food is in the gut)\nLowers\n\n\nGlucagon\nPancreatic α Cells\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis); 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from amino acids or fats.\nRaises\n\n\nAsprosin[3]\nWhite adipose tissue\n1) Enhances release of liver glucose during fasting.\nRaises\n\n\nSomatostatin\nPancreatic δ Cells\n1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin.\nLowers\n\n\nEpinephrine\nAdrenal medulla\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nCortisol\nAdrenal cortex\n1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin.\nRaises\n\n\nACTH\nAnterior pituitary\n1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.\nRaises\n\n\nGrowth Hormone\nAnterior pituitary\nAntagonizes Insulin\nRaises\n\n\nThyroxine\nThyroid\n1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine\nRaises\n\n" ]

[ "Pancreatic β Cells", "Intestinal L cells", "Pancreatic α Cells", "White adipose tissue", "Pancreatic δ Cells", "Adrenal medulla", "Adrenal cortex", "Anterior pituitary", "Thyroid" ]

[ "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish), officially titled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic,[1] is the peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo (now a neighborhood of Mexico City) between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). The treaty came into force on July 4, 1848.[2]\n" ]

[ "February 2, 1848" ]

[ "Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer." ]

[ "first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer" ]

[ "\n\n\nSeries\n\nYears\n\nHost\n\nFirst match\n\nTests\n\nAustralia\n\nEngland\n\nDrawn\n\nResult\n\nHolder\n\nRef\n\n\n1\n\n1882–83\n\nAustralia\n\n30 December 1882\n\n3\n\n1\n\n2\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[16]\n\n\n2\n\n1884\n\nEngland\n\n11 July 1884\n\n3\n\n0\n\n1\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[17]\n\n\n3\n\n1884–85\n\nAustralia\n\n12 December 1884\n\n5\n\n2\n\n3\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[18]\n\n\n4\n\n1886\n\nEngland\n\n5 July 1886\n\n3\n\n0\n\n3\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[19]\n\n\n5\n\n1886-87\n\nAustralia\n\n28 January 1887\n\n2\n\n0\n\n2\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[20]\n\n\n6\n\n1887-88\n\nAustralia\n\n10 February 1888\n\n1\n\n0\n\n1\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[21]\n\n\n7\n\n1888\n\nEngland\n\n16 July 1888\n\n3\n\n1\n\n2\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[22]\n\n\n8\n\n1890\n\nEngland\n\n21 July 1890\n\n2 (3)\n\n0\n\n2\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[23]\n\n\n9\n\n1891–92\n\nAustralia\n\n1 January 1892\n\n3\n\n2\n\n1\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[24]\n\n\n10\n\n1893\n\nEngland\n\n17 July 1893\n\n3\n\n0\n\n1\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[25]\n\n\n11\n\n1894–95\n\nAustralia\n\n14 December 1894\n\n5\n\n2\n\n3\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[26]\n\n\n12\n\n1896\n\nEngland\n\n22 June 1896\n\n3\n\n1\n\n2\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[27]\n\n\n13\n\n1897–98\n\nAustralia\n\n13 December 1897\n\n5\n\n4\n\n1\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[28]\n\n\n14\n\n1899\n\nEngland\n\n1 June 1899\n\n5\n\n1\n\n0\n\n4\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[29]\n\n\n15\n\n1901–02\n\nAustralia\n\n13 December 1901\n\n5\n\n4\n\n1\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[30]\n\n\n16\n\n1902\n\nEngland\n\n29 May 1902\n\n5\n\n2\n\n1\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[31]\n\n\n17\n\n1903–04\n\nAustralia\n\n11 December 1903\n\n5\n\n2\n\n3\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[32]\n\n\n18\n\n1905\n\nEngland\n\n29 May 1905\n\n5\n\n0\n\n2\n\n3\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[33]\n\n\n19\n\n1907–08\n\nAustralia\n\n13 December 1907\n\n5\n\n4\n\n1\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[34]\n\n\n20\n\n1909\n\nEngland\n\n27 May 1909\n\n5\n\n2\n\n1\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[35]\n\n\n21\n\n1911–12\n\nAustralia\n\n15 December 1911\n\n5\n\n1\n\n4\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[36]\n\n\n22\n\n1912\n\nEngland\n\n27 May 1912\n\n3\n\n0\n\n1\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[37]\n\n\n23\n\n1920–21\n\nAustralia\n\n17 December 1920\n\n5\n\n5\n\n0\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[38]\n\n\n24\n\n1921\n\nEngland\n\n28 May 1921\n\n5\n\n3\n\n0\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[39]\n\n\n25\n\n1924–25\n\nAustralia\n\n19 December 1924\n\n5\n\n4\n\n1\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[40]\n\n\n26\n\n1926\n\nEngland\n\n12 June 1926\n\n5\n\n0\n\n1\n\n4\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[41]\n\n\n27\n\n1928–29\n\nAustralia\n\n30 November 1928\n\n5\n\n1\n\n4\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[42]\n\n\n28\n\n1930\n\nEngland\n\n13 June 1930\n\n5\n\n2\n\n1\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[43]\n\n\n29\n\n1932–33\n\nAustralia\n\n2 December 1932\n\n5\n\n1\n\n4\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[44]\n\n\n30\n\n1934\n\nEngland\n\n8 June 1934\n\n5\n\n2\n\n1\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[45]\n\n\n31\n\n1936–37\n\nAustralia\n\n4 December 1936\n\n5\n\n3\n\n2\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[46]\n\n\n32\n\n1938\n\nEngland\n\n10 June 1938\n\n4 (5)\n\n1\n\n1\n\n2\n\nDrawn\n\nAustralia\n\n[47]\n\n\n33\n\n1946–47\n\nAustralia\n\n29 November 1946\n\n5\n\n3\n\n0\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[48]\n\n\n34\n\n1948\n\nEngland\n\n10 June 1948\n\n5\n\n4\n\n0\n\n1\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[49]\n\n\n35\n\n1950–51\n\nAustralia\n\n1 December 1950\n\n5\n\n4\n\n1\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[50]\n\n\n36\n\n1953\n\nEngland\n\n11 June 1953\n\n5\n\n0\n\n1\n\n4\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[51]\n\n\n37\n\n1954–55\n\nAustralia\n\n26 November 1954\n\n5\n\n1\n\n3\n\n1\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[52]\n\n\n38\n\n1956\n\nEngland\n\n7 June 1956\n\n5\n\n1\n\n2\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[53]\n\n\n39\n\n1958–59\n\nAustralia\n\n5 December 1958\n\n5\n\n4\n\n0\n\n1\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[54]\n\n\n40\n\n1961\n\nEngland\n\n8 June 1961\n\n5\n\n2\n\n1\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[55]\n\n\n41\n\n1962–63\n\nAustralia\n\n30 November 1962\n\n5\n\n1\n\n1\n\n3\n\nDrawn\n\nAustralia\n\n[56]\n\n\n42\n\n1964\n\nEngland\n\n4 April 1964\n\n5\n\n1\n\n0\n\n4\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[57]\n\n\n43\n\n1965–66\n\nAustralia\n\n10 December 1965\n\n5\n\n1\n\n1\n\n3\n\nDrawn\n\nAustralia\n\n[58]\n\n\n44\n\n1968\n\nEngland\n\n6 June 1968\n\n5\n\n1\n\n1\n\n3\n\nDrawn\n\nAustralia\n\n[59]\n\n\n45\n\n1970–71\n\nAustralia\n\n27 November 1970\n\n6 (7)\n\n0\n\n2\n\n4\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[60]\n\n\n46\n\n1972\n\nEngland\n\n8 June 1972\n\n5\n\n2\n\n2\n\n1\n\nDrawn\n\nEngland\n\n[61]\n\n\n47\n\n1974–75\n\nAustralia\n\n29 November 1974\n\n6\n\n4\n\n1\n\n1\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[62]\n\n\n48\n\n1975\n\nEngland\n\n10 July 1975\n\n4\n\n1\n\n0\n\n3\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[63]\n\n\n49\n\n1977\n\nEngland\n\n16 June 1977\n\n5\n\n0\n\n3\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[64]\n\n\n50\n\n1978–79\n\nAustralia\n\n1 December 1978\n\n6\n\n1\n\n5\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[65]\n\n\n51\n\n1981\n\nEngland\n\n18 June 1981\n\n6\n\n1\n\n3\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[66]\n\n\n52\n\n1982–83\n\nAustralia\n\n12 November 1982\n\n5\n\n2\n\n1\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[67]\n\n\n53\n\n1985\n\nEngland\n\n13 June 1985\n\n6\n\n1\n\n3\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[68]\n\n\n54\n\n1986–87\n\nAustralia\n\n14 November 1986\n\n5\n\n1\n\n2\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[69]\n\n\n55\n\n1989\n\nEngland\n\n8 June 1989\n\n6\n\n4\n\n0\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[70]\n\n\n56\n\n1990–91\n\nAustralia\n\n23 November 1990\n\n5\n\n3\n\n0\n\n2\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[71]\n\n\n57\n\n1993\n\nEngland\n\n3 June 1993\n\n6\n\n4\n\n1\n\n1\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[72]\n\n\n58\n\n1994–95\n\nAustralia\n\n25 November 1994\n\n5\n\n3\n\n1\n\n1\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[73]\n\n\n59\n\n1997\n\nEngland\n\n5 June 1997\n\n6\n\n3\n\n2\n\n1\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[74]\n\n\n60\n\n1998–99\n\nAustralia\n\n20 November 1998\n\n5\n\n3\n\n1\n\n1\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[75]\n\n\n61\n\n2001\n\nEngland\n\n5 July 2001\n\n5\n\n4\n\n1\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[76]\n\n\n62\n\n2002–03\n\nAustralia\n\n7 November 2002\n\n5\n\n4\n\n1\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[77]\n\n\n63\n\n2005\n\nEngland\n\n21 July 2005\n\n5\n\n1\n\n2\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[78]\n\n\n64\n\n2006–07\n\nAustralia\n\n23 November 2006\n\n5\n\n5\n\n0\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[79]\n\n\n65\n\n2009\n\nEngland\n\n8 July 2009\n\n5\n\n1\n\n2\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[80]\n\n\n66\n\n2010–11\n\nAustralia\n\n25 November 2010\n\n5\n\n1\n\n3\n\n1\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[81]\n\n\n67\n\n2013\n\nEngland\n\n10 July 2013\n\n5\n\n0\n\n3\n\n2\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[82]\n\n\n68\n\n2013–14\n\nAustralia\n\n21 November 2013\n\n5\n\n5\n\n0\n\n0\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[83]\n\n\n69\n\n2015\n\nEngland\n\n8 July 2015\n\n5\n\n2\n\n3\n\n0\n\nEngland\n\nEngland\n\n[84]\n\n\n70\n\n2017–18\n\nAustralia\n\n23 November 2017\n\n5\n\n4\n\n0\n\n1\n\nAustralia\n\nAustralia\n\n[85]\n" ]

[ "2010–11" ]

[ "\n\nLove, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)\n\n\nSoundtrack album by Various artists\n\n\nReleased\nMarch 16, 2018\n\n\nGenre\n\n\n\nSoundtrack\nindie pop\n\n\n\n\n\nLength\n47:24\n\n\nLabel\n\n\n\nRCA\nSony\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSingles from Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)\n\n\n\n\n\n\"Alfie's Song (Not So Typical Love Song)\"\nReleased: 16 January 2018\n\"Love Lies\"\nReleased: 14 February 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" ]

[ "March 16, 2018" ]

[ "A game called hockey was played in English public schools in the early 19th century. Lord Lytton wrote in 1853 that On the common some young men were playing at hockey. That old-fashioned game, now very uncommon in England, except at schools.... Hockey's popularity increased with that of other team games. A version of the game played in south-east London was rougher than the modern version, played on a very large field (247m by 64m), and used a cube of black rubber and rough planed sticks. The modern game was developed on the other side of London by Middlesex cricket clubs, especially Teddington Hockey Club. The members of these clubs were looking for winter exercise, but did not particularly care for football. In 1870, members of the Teddington cricket club, who had recently moved to play in Bushy Park, were looking for a winter activity. They experimented with a ‘stick’ game, based loosely on the rules of association football. Teddington played the game on the smooth outfield of their cricket pitch and used a cricket ball, so allowing smooth and predictable motion. By 1874 they had begun to draw up rules for their game, including banning the raising of the stick above shoulder height and stipulating that a shot at goal must take place within the circle in front of it. An association was formed in 1875, which dissolved after seven years, but in 1886 the Hockey Association was formed by seven London clubs and representatives from Trinity College, Cambridge. Blackheath were one of the founder members, but refused to accept the rules drawn up by the other clubs and left to found the National Hockey Union. The Union failed, but the Association grew rapidly." ]

[ "Cambridge" ]

[ "The reader must interpret their dialogue and body language to infer their backgrounds and their attitudes with respect to the situation at hand, and their attitudes toward one another. From the outset of the story, the contentious nature of the couple's conversation indicates resentment and unease. Some critics have written that the dialogue is a distillation of the contrasts between stereotypical male and female relationship roles: in the excerpt above, for instance, the woman draws the comparison with white elephants, but the hyper-rational male immediately denies it, dissolving the bit of poetry into objective realism with \"I've never seen one.\" By saying, \"No, you wouldn't have\" she implies he hadn't had a child before, or hadn't allowed birth in the past. She also asks his permission to order a drink. Throughout the story, the woman is distant; the American is rational.[3] There may be more serious problems with the relationship than the purely circumstantial. While most critics have espoused relatively straightforward interpretations of the dialogue, a few have argued for alternate scenarios.[4]" ]

[ "a child" ]

[ "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of \"189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.\"[1] Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes,[5] it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises.[6] Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money. As of 2016[update], the fund had SDR477 billion (about $666 billion).[7]" ]

[ "to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world" ]

[ "Founded by Murray Koffler, the Koffler family still retains ownership of the Super-Pharm pharmacy which is in Israel, Poland, and China. Super-Pharm uses the same logo as Shoppers Drug Mart, created by the artist Sylvain Liu. It also uses some of the same private-label brands, such as Life Brand and Quo. In 2013, Brampton-based Loblaw Companies acquired Shoppers Drug Mart Corporation for $12.4 billion in cash and stock." ]

[ "Loblaw Companies" ]

[ "Field goal percentage in basketball is the ratio of field goals made to field goals attempted. Its abbreviation is FG%. Although three-point field goal percentage is often calculated separately, three-point field goals are included in the general field goal percentage. Instead of using scales of 0 to 100%, the scale .000 to 1.000 is commonly used. A higher field goal percentage denotes higher efficiency. In basketball, a FG% of .500 (50%) or above is considered a good percentage, although this criterion does not apply equally to all positions. Guards usually have lower FG% than forwards and centers. Field goal percentage does not completely tell the skill of a player, but a low field goal percentage can indicate a poor offensive player or a player who takes many difficult shots. In the NBA, Center Shaquille O'Neal has a high career FG% (around .580) because he plays near the basket making many high percentage layups and slam dunks. Guard Allen Iverson often had a low FG% (around .420) because he took the bulk of his team's shot attempts, even with high difficulty shots." ]

[ ".500 (50%) or above" ]

[ "The Hatch Act of 1887 (ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440, enacted 1887-03-02, 7 U.S.C. § 361a et seq.) gave federal funds, initially of $15,000 each, to state land-grant colleges in order to create a series of agricultural experiment stations, as well as pass along new information, especially in the areas of soil minerals and plant growth. The bill was named for Congressman William Hatch, who chaired the House Committee of Agriculture at the time the bill was introduced. State agricultural stations created under this act were usually connected with those land-grant state colleges and universities founded under the Morrill Act of 1862, with few exceptions." ]

[ "gave federal funds, initially of $15,000 each, to state land-grant colleges in order to create a series of agricultural experiment stations, as well as pass along new information, especially in the areas of soil minerals and plant growth" ]

[ "\n\nAward\nCategory\nNominee\nResult\n\n\n62nd Academy Awards[24]\nBest Actor in a Supporting Role\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Art Direction\nNorman Garwood, Garrett Lewis\nNominated\n\n\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nBest Film Editing\nSteven Rosenblum\nNominated\n\n\nBest Sound\nDonald O. Mitchell, Gregg Rudloff, Elliot Tyson, Russell Williams\nWon\n\n\n41st ACE Eddie Awards[25]\nBest Edited Feature Film\n————\nWon\n\n\n44th British Academy Film Awards[26]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nNominated\n\n\nBritish Society of Cinematographers Awards 1990[27]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nCasting Society of America Artios Awards 1990[28]\nBest Casting for Feature Film, Drama\nMary Colquhoun\nNominated\n\n\n47th Golden Globe Awards[29]\nBest Motion Picture – Drama\nFreddie Fields\nNominated\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor – Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nNominated\n\n\nBest Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n\nBest Original Score\nJames Horner\nNominated\n\n\n33rd Grammy Awards[30]\nBest Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television\nJames Horner\nWon\n\n\nKansas City Film Critics Circle Awards 1989[31]\nBest Film\n————\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nWon\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nNAACP Image Awards 1992[32][33]\nOutstanding Motion Picture\n————\nWon\n\n\nOutstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\n1989 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards[34]\nBest Picture\n————\nNominated\n\n\n1989 New York Film Critics Circle Awards[35]\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nNominated\n\n\n1990 Political Film Society Awards[36]\nHuman Rights\n————\nNominated\n\n\nWriters Guild of America Awards 1989[37]\nBest Adapted Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n", "\n\nAward\nCategory\nNominee\nResult\n\n\n62nd Academy Awards[24]\nBest Actor in a Supporting Role\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Art Direction\nNorman Garwood, Garrett Lewis\nNominated\n\n\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nBest Film Editing\nSteven Rosenblum\nNominated\n\n\nBest Sound\nDonald O. Mitchell, Gregg Rudloff, Elliot Tyson, Russell Williams\nWon\n\n\n41st ACE Eddie Awards[25]\nBest Edited Feature Film\n————\nWon\n\n\n44th British Academy Film Awards[26]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nNominated\n\n\nBritish Society of Cinematographers Awards 1990[27]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nCasting Society of America Artios Awards 1990[28]\nBest Casting for Feature Film, Drama\nMary Colquhoun\nNominated\n\n\n47th Golden Globe Awards[29]\nBest Motion Picture – Drama\nFreddie Fields\nNominated\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor – Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nNominated\n\n\nBest Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n\nBest Original Score\nJames Horner\nNominated\n\n\n33rd Grammy Awards[30]\nBest Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television\nJames Horner\nWon\n\n\nKansas City Film Critics Circle Awards 1989[31]\nBest Film\n————\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nWon\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nNAACP Image Awards 1992[32][33]\nOutstanding Motion Picture\n————\nWon\n\n\nOutstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\n1989 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards[34]\nBest Picture\n————\nNominated\n\n\n1989 New York Film Critics Circle Awards[35]\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nNominated\n\n\n1990 Political Film Society Awards[36]\nHuman Rights\n————\nNominated\n\n\nWriters Guild of America Awards 1989[37]\nBest Adapted Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n", "\n\nAward\nCategory\nNominee\nResult\n\n\n62nd Academy Awards[24]\nBest Actor in a Supporting Role\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Art Direction\nNorman Garwood, Garrett Lewis\nNominated\n\n\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nBest Film Editing\nSteven Rosenblum\nNominated\n\n\nBest Sound\nDonald O. Mitchell, Gregg Rudloff, Elliot Tyson, Russell Williams\nWon\n\n\n41st ACE Eddie Awards[25]\nBest Edited Feature Film\n————\nWon\n\n\n44th British Academy Film Awards[26]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nNominated\n\n\nBritish Society of Cinematographers Awards 1990[27]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nCasting Society of America Artios Awards 1990[28]\nBest Casting for Feature Film, Drama\nMary Colquhoun\nNominated\n\n\n47th Golden Globe Awards[29]\nBest Motion Picture – Drama\nFreddie Fields\nNominated\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor – Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nNominated\n\n\nBest Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n\nBest Original Score\nJames Horner\nNominated\n\n\n33rd Grammy Awards[30]\nBest Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television\nJames Horner\nWon\n\n\nKansas City Film Critics Circle Awards 1989[31]\nBest Film\n————\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nWon\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nNAACP Image Awards 1992[32][33]\nOutstanding Motion Picture\n————\nWon\n\n\nOutstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\n1989 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards[34]\nBest Picture\n————\nNominated\n\n\n1989 New York Film Critics Circle Awards[35]\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nNominated\n\n\n1990 Political Film Society Awards[36]\nHuman Rights\n————\nNominated\n\n\nWriters Guild of America Awards 1989[37]\nBest Adapted Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n", "\n\nAward\nCategory\nNominee\nResult\n\n\n62nd Academy Awards[24]\nBest Actor in a Supporting Role\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Art Direction\nNorman Garwood, Garrett Lewis\nNominated\n\n\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nBest Film Editing\nSteven Rosenblum\nNominated\n\n\nBest Sound\nDonald O. Mitchell, Gregg Rudloff, Elliot Tyson, Russell Williams\nWon\n\n\n41st ACE Eddie Awards[25]\nBest Edited Feature Film\n————\nWon\n\n\n44th British Academy Film Awards[26]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nNominated\n\n\nBritish Society of Cinematographers Awards 1990[27]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nCasting Society of America Artios Awards 1990[28]\nBest Casting for Feature Film, Drama\nMary Colquhoun\nNominated\n\n\n47th Golden Globe Awards[29]\nBest Motion Picture – Drama\nFreddie Fields\nNominated\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor – Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nNominated\n\n\nBest Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n\nBest Original Score\nJames Horner\nNominated\n\n\n33rd Grammy Awards[30]\nBest Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television\nJames Horner\nWon\n\n\nKansas City Film Critics Circle Awards 1989[31]\nBest Film\n————\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nWon\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nNAACP Image Awards 1992[32][33]\nOutstanding Motion Picture\n————\nWon\n\n\nOutstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\n1989 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards[34]\nBest Picture\n————\nNominated\n\n\n1989 New York Film Critics Circle Awards[35]\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nNominated\n\n\n1990 Political Film Society Awards[36]\nHuman Rights\n————\nNominated\n\n\nWriters Guild of America Awards 1989[37]\nBest Adapted Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n", "\n\nAward\nCategory\nNominee\nResult\n\n\n62nd Academy Awards[24]\nBest Actor in a Supporting Role\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Art Direction\nNorman Garwood, Garrett Lewis\nNominated\n\n\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nBest Film Editing\nSteven Rosenblum\nNominated\n\n\nBest Sound\nDonald O. Mitchell, Gregg Rudloff, Elliot Tyson, Russell Williams\nWon\n\n\n41st ACE Eddie Awards[25]\nBest Edited Feature Film\n————\nWon\n\n\n44th British Academy Film Awards[26]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nNominated\n\n\nBritish Society of Cinematographers Awards 1990[27]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nCasting Society of America Artios Awards 1990[28]\nBest Casting for Feature Film, Drama\nMary Colquhoun\nNominated\n\n\n47th Golden Globe Awards[29]\nBest Motion Picture – Drama\nFreddie Fields\nNominated\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor – Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nNominated\n\n\nBest Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n\nBest Original Score\nJames Horner\nNominated\n\n\n33rd Grammy Awards[30]\nBest Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television\nJames Horner\nWon\n\n\nKansas City Film Critics Circle Awards 1989[31]\nBest Film\n————\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nWon\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nNAACP Image Awards 1992[32][33]\nOutstanding Motion Picture\n————\nWon\n\n\nOutstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\n1989 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards[34]\nBest Picture\n————\nNominated\n\n\n1989 New York Film Critics Circle Awards[35]\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nNominated\n\n\n1990 Political Film Society Awards[36]\nHuman Rights\n————\nNominated\n\n\nWriters Guild of America Awards 1989[37]\nBest Adapted Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n", "\n\nAward\nCategory\nNominee\nResult\n\n\n62nd Academy Awards[24]\nBest Actor in a Supporting Role\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Art Direction\nNorman Garwood, Garrett Lewis\nNominated\n\n\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nBest Film Editing\nSteven Rosenblum\nNominated\n\n\nBest Sound\nDonald O. Mitchell, Gregg Rudloff, Elliot Tyson, Russell Williams\nWon\n\n\n41st ACE Eddie Awards[25]\nBest Edited Feature Film\n————\nWon\n\n\n44th British Academy Film Awards[26]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nNominated\n\n\nBritish Society of Cinematographers Awards 1990[27]\nBest Cinematography\nFreddie Francis\nWon\n\n\nCasting Society of America Artios Awards 1990[28]\nBest Casting for Feature Film, Drama\nMary Colquhoun\nNominated\n\n\n47th Golden Globe Awards[29]\nBest Motion Picture – Drama\nFreddie Fields\nNominated\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor – Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nNominated\n\n\nBest Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n\nBest Original Score\nJames Horner\nNominated\n\n\n33rd Grammy Awards[30]\nBest Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television\nJames Horner\nWon\n\n\nKansas City Film Critics Circle Awards 1989[31]\nBest Film\n————\nWon\n\n\nBest Director\nEdward Zwick\nWon\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\nNAACP Image Awards 1992[32][33]\nOutstanding Motion Picture\n————\nWon\n\n\nOutstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture\nDenzel Washington\nWon\n\n\n1989 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards[34]\nBest Picture\n————\nNominated\n\n\n1989 New York Film Critics Circle Awards[35]\nBest Supporting Actor\nDenzel Washington\nNominated\n\n\n1990 Political Film Society Awards[36]\nHuman Rights\n————\nNominated\n\n\nWriters Guild of America Awards 1989[37]\nBest Adapted Screenplay\nKevin Jarre\nNominated\n\n" ]

[ "Denzel Washington", "Freddie Francis", "Donald O. Mitchell", "Gregg Rudloff", "Elliot Tyson", "Russell Williams" ]

[ "In 1869, the Hudson's Bay Company agreed to surrender its monopoly in the North-West, including Upper Fort Garry. In late 1869 and early 1870, the fort was seized by Louis Riel and his Métis followers during the Red River Rebellion. After the Rebellion, the area around the fort continued to grow. In 1873, the city of Winnipeg was established and the name Fort Garry was no longer used. In 1881-1884 the majority of the fort was demolished to straighten Main Street (it was at Main Street and Assiniboine Avenue[2]).\n" ]

[ "Louis Riel" ]

[ "\n\nMadam Secretary (season 4)\n\n\nCountry of origin\nUnited States\n\n\nNo. of episodes\n22\n\n\nRelease\n\n\nOriginal network\nCBS\n\n\nOriginal release\nOctober 8, 2017 (2017-10-08) – May 20, 2018 (2018-05-20)\n\n\nSeason chronology\n\n\n\n← Previous\nSeason 3\n\n\n\n\nList of Madam Secretary episodes\n\n" ]

[ "22" ]

[ "The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. The team is a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals played at the Capital Centre from their inaugural season in 1974 to 1997, when they moved to the MCI Center, now known as the Capital One Arena. In 42 completed seasons, the Capitals have qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs 27 times, making two Stanley Cup Finals appearances during the 1997–98 and 2017–18 seasons, winning the latter.\n" ]

[ "2017–18" ]

[ "\n\nArea (m²)\nGross volume (m³)\nName\nBuilt\nCity\nCountry\nDenomination\nComment\n\n\n15,160 (interior)[1][2]\n21,095 (exterior)[1]\n5,000,000[3]\nSt. Peter's Basilica\n1506–1626\nVatican City\n Vatican City\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nArea can be verified on a plan printed as 205% size in 1:1000 scale to match a 41.47 m dome internal diameter\n\n\n12,000\n1,200,000[4]\nBasilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida\n1955–80\nAparecida\n Brazil\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nChurch dimensions 173×168 m yielding a maximum area of 29,000 m²[5]\n\n\n11,700 (interior) [6]\n440,000 [7]\nMilan Cathedral\n1386–1965\nMilan\n Italy\nCatholic (Ambrosian Rite)\nThe largest Gothic cathedral in the world\n\n\n11,520[8]\n500,000 +\nSeville Cathedral\n1401–1528\nSeville\n Spain\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nBurial site of Christopher Columbus[9]\n\n\n11,200[3]\n480,000[10]\nCathedral of Saint John the Divine\n1892–present\nNew York City\n United States\nAnglican (Episcopal Church in the U.S.)\nUnfinished, lacking transepts among other components\n\n\n9,717 (interior)[11]\n\nAbbey of Santa Giustina\n1501–1606[12]\nPadua\n Italy\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n10,090\n300,000[13]\nBasilica of Our Lady of Licheń\n1994–2004\nLicheń Stary\n Poland\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n9,240 m²[13] or 10,090 m²\n\n\n9,687[14]\n450,000 +\nLiverpool Cathedral\n1904–78\nLiverpool\n United Kingdom\nAnglican (Church of England)\n\n\n\n8,700[15]\n130,000\nChurch of the Most Holy Trinity\n2004-07\nFátima\n Portugal\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nArea given as 12,000m²[4]\n\n\n8,515\n\nBasilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls\nIV–1823\nRome\n Italy\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nOne nave & four aisles by 80 columns\n\n\n8,318[16]\n\nBasilica-Cathedral of Our Lady of the Pillar\n1681–1872\nZaragoza\n Spain\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n8,300\n\nFlorence Cathedral\n1296–1436\nFlorence\n Italy\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nLargest brick and mortar dome in the world\n\n\n8,260 (6,029 interior)\n190,000\nUlm Minster\n1377–1890\nUlm\n Germany\nLutheran\nWorld's tallest and one of the largest brick churches\n\n\n8,000\n\nBasilica of the Sacred Heart\n1905–70\nKoekelberg (Brussels)\n Belgium\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n8,167\n\nBasilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe\n1974–76\nMexico City\n Mexico\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nCircular base of 102 m in diameter[17]\n\n\n8,000[18]\n\nCathedral of Our Lady\n1352–1521\nAntwerp\n Belgium\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n8,000\n\nRio de Janeiro Cathedral\n1964-76\nRio de Janeiro\n Brazil\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nExternal diameter is 106 meters\n\n\n7,989 (interior)\n30,000 (exterior)[19]\n\nBasilica of Our Lady of Peace\n1985–89\nYamoussoukro\n Ivory Coast\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nThe enclosed area approximately 8,000 m²[20]\n\n\n7,960\n255,800 [21]\nHagia Sophia\n532–537\nIstanbul\n Turkey\nOrthodox (Ecumenical Patriarchate)\nWas the largest church in the world for a millennium, now a museum.\n\n\n7,920\n258,000\nSan Petronio Basilica[22]\n1390–1479\nBologna\n Italy\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nWorld's largest Gothic brick church\n\n\n7,914\n407,000[23]\nCologne Cathedral\n1248–1880\nCologne\n Germany\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nGross volume without buttresses\n\n\n7,875[2]\n\nSt Paul's Cathedral\n1677–1708\nLondon\n United Kingdom\nAnglican (Church of England)\n\n\n\n7,712[24]\n\nWashington National Cathedral\n1907–90\nWashington, DC\n United States\nAnglican (Episcopal Church in the U.S.)\n\n\n\n7,700[25]\n200,000 (interior only)\nAmiens Cathedral\n1220–70\nAmiens\n France\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nGross volume slightly below 400,000\n\n\n7,097 (interior)\n12,069 (exterior)[26]\n\nBasilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception\n1919–61\nWashington, DC\n United States\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nCompleted Trinity Dome in 2017\n\n\n6,968\n\nCathedral of La Plata\n1884-1932\nLa Plata\n Argentina\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nLargest church in Argentina\n\n\n6,825\n660,000\nSaint Joseph's Oratory\n1904–67\nMontreal\n Canada\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nExterior dome rises 263 m above sea level; highest point in Montreal\n\n\n6,732\n\nMexico City Metropolitan Cathedral\n1573-1813\nMexico City\n Mexico\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n6,655\n160,000 (interior)\nPalma Cathedral\n1220-1346\nPalma, Majorca\n Spain\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nWith the largest rosette Gothic world\n\n\n6,650\n\nReims Cathedral\n1211–75\nReims\n France\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nThe longest church in France; 149.17 m\n\n\n6,044\n\nStrasbourg Cathedral\n1015–1439\nStrasbourg\n France\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nWorld's tallest building 1647-1874\n\n\n6,038\n\nCathedral of Our Lady of the Angels\n1998–2002\nLos Angeles\n United States\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n6,020[27]\n43,300\nDe Hoeksteen, Barneveld\n2007–08\nBarneveld\n Netherlands\nCalvinist\n\n\n\n6,000\n\nPadre Pio Pilgrimage Church\n1991-2004\nSan Giovanni Rotondo\n Italy\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nVaulted church holding 6,500 seats\n\n\n5,900\n\nBourges Cathedral\n1195-1230\nBourges\n France\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n5,660\n\nEsztergom Basilica\n1822–69\nEsztergom\n Hungary\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nWorld's largest altarpiece painting on a single canvas\n\n\n5,500\n\nNotre Dame de Paris\n1163–1345\nParis\n France\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n5,400\n\nSagrada Familia\n1882–present\nBarcelona\n Spain\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nWill be the tallest church in the world when finished (172,5m)\n\n\n5,300\n\nSão Paulo Cathedral\n1913-1954\nSão Paulo\n Brazil\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nCapacity for 8,000 people\n\n\n5,300\n\nPrimate Cathedral of Bogotá\n1807-23\nBogotá\n Colombia\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n5,240\n\nCathedral of Christ the Saviour\n1839–83\nMoscow\n Russia\nOrthodox (Moscow Patriarchate)\nRebuilt during 1995-2000\n\n\n5,200\n\nChartres Cathedral\n1145-1220\nChartres\n France\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nGround area 10,875 square meters\n\n\n5,170\n\nNew Cathedral, Linz\n1862–1924\nLinz\n Austria\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n5,017\n\nWestminster Cathedral\n1895–1910\nLondon\n United Kingdom\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n5,000\n185,000–190,000\nSt. Mary's Church[28]\n1343–1502\nGdańsk\n Poland\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nOne of the largest Gothic brick churches north of the Alps\n\n\n5,000\n137,000\nHoly Trinity Cathedral\n1995–2004\nTbilisi\n Georgia\nOrthodox (Patriarchate of Georgia)\nDescription see[29]\n\n\n4,968[30]\n\nWinchester Cathedral\n1079–1525\nWinchester\n United Kingdom\nAnglican (Church of England)\nThe longest Gothic Cathedral in Europe.\n\n\n4,800\n\nDresden Cathedral\n1739-55\nDresden\n Germany\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nLargest church in all of Saxony\n\n\n4,500\n\nBasilica of St. Thérèse, Lisieux\n1929-54\nLisieux\n France\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n4,320[31]\n\nBasilica de San Martin de Tours (Taal)\n1856–78\nTaal, Batangas\n Philippines\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n\n\n\n4,273[32]\n\nEly Cathedral, Cambridgeshire\n1083–1375\nEly\n United Kingdom\nAnglican (Church of England)\nThird-largest medieval Cathedral in the United Kingdom\n\n\n4,188\n185,000–190,000[33]\nFrauenkirche\n1468–1525\nMunich\n Germany\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nOne of the largest Gothic brick churches north of the Alps and the largest hall church\n\n\n4,130\n\nCathedral Basilica of Saint Louis (St. Louis)\n1907-14\nSt. Louis\n United States\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\n7,700 square meters, largest mosaic collection in the world\n\n\n4,000\n\nSaint Isaac's Cathedral\n1818–58\nSaint Petersburg\n Russia\nOrthodox (Moscow Patriarchate)\n\n\n\n3,822\n\nSaint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan\n1997–2001\nYerevan\n Armenia\nArmenian Apostolic Church\n\n\n\n3,500[34]\n170,000[34]\nChurch of Saint Sava\n1935–89\nBelgrade\n Serbia\nOrthodox (Serbian Orthodox Church)\nThe largest church in Southeastern Europe.\n\n\n3,170[35]\n\nAlexander Nevsky Cathedral\n1882–1912\nSofia\n Bulgaria\nOrthodox (Patriarchate of Bulgaria)\n\n\n\n2,972\n\nWestminster Abbey\n960-18c\nLondon\n United Kingdom\nAnglican (Church of England)\n\n\n\n2,800[36]\n\nMedak Cathedral\n1914–26\nMedak\n India\nAnglican (Church of South India)\n\n\n\n2,300\n\nOur Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica\n1929-2005\nOur Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica\n India\nCatholic (East Syrian Rite)\nIt has the 3rd tallest tower in Asia\n\n\n2,135\n64,040[37]\nBasilica of St. John the Baptist\n1839–55\nSt. John's\n Canada\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nThe largest church in eastern Canada\n\n\n2,025\n\nMyeongdong Cathedral\n1892-1898\nSeoul\n Korea\nCatholic (Roman Rite)\nIn 1898, largest building in Seoul\n\n\n1,760\n32,162[38]\nAll Saints Cathedral, Halifax\n1907–10\nHalifax\n Canada\nAnglican (Church of Canada)\nThe largest Anglican cathedral church in Canada\n\n" ]

[ "Vatican City" ]

[ "The thoracic nerves are the twelve spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. Each thoracic nerve T1 -T12 originates from below each corresponding thoracic vertebra. Branches also exit the spine and go directly to the paravertebral ganglia of the autonomic nervous system where they are involved in the functions of organs and glands in the head, neck, thorax and abdomen." ]

[ "T1 -T12" ]

[ "Peter Greene as Dorian Tyrell, a mobster who wants to take over the city's underworld. Greene was cast after the studio's top choice, Gary Kemp, turned it down." ]

[ "Peter Greene" ]

[ "In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP), or more generally just access point (AP), is a networking hardware device that allows a Wi-Fi device to connect to a wired network. The AP usually connects to a router (via a wired network) as a standalone device, but it can also be an integral component of the router itself. An AP is differentiated from a hotspot, which is the physical location where Wi-Fi access to a WLAN is available." ]

[ "access point" ]

[ "OSU has 1 claimed national championship from 1945, retroactively awarded in 2016 by a committee representing the Coaches' Poll. [1], won 7 Missouri Valley Conference Championships, 2 Big Eight Conference Championships, and 1 Big 12 Conference Championship." ]

[ "1945" ]

[ "Software asset management (SAM) is a business practice that involves managing and optimizing the purchase, deployment, maintenance, utilization, and disposal of software applications within an organization. According to the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), SAM is defined as “…all of the infrastructure and processes necessary for the effective management, control and protection of the software assets…throughout all stages of their lifecycle.”[1] Fundamentally intended to be part of an organization’s information technology business strategy, the goals of SAM are to reduce information technology (IT) costs and limit business and legal risk related to the ownership and use of software, while maximizing IT responsiveness and end-user productivity.[2] SAM is particularly important for large corporations in regard to redistribution of licenses and managing legal risks associated with software ownership and expiration. SAM technologies track license expiration, thus allowing the company to function ethically and within software compliance regulations. This can be important for both eliminating legal costs associated with license agreement violations and as part of a company's reputation management strategy. Both are important forms of risk management and are critical for large corporations' long-term business strategies." ]

[ "a business practice that involves managing and optimizing the purchase, deployment, maintenance, utilization, and disposal of software applications within an organization" ]

[ "Typically, Hirschsprung's disease is diagnosed shortly after birth, although it may develop well into adulthood, because of the presence of megacolon, or because the baby fails to pass the first stool (meconium)[3] within 48 hours of delivery. Normally, 90% of babies pass their first meconium within 24 hours, and 99% within 48 hours. Other symptoms include green or brown vomit, explosive stools after a doctor inserts a finger into the rectum, swelling of the abdomen, excessive gas, and bloody diarrhea." ]

[ "the baby fails to pass the first stool (meconium)" ]

[ "Rosemary \"Rosie\" LeVeaux Coulter is a flamboyant, enthusiastic actress from New York. She was briefly engaged to Jack Thornton, but they both realized that it wouldn't work out. Rosie immediately disliked Elizabeth and viewed her as \"the competition,\" but eventually came to really care about Elizabeth, even if she has a hard time showing it. At the beginning of season 2, Rosemary began working at the cafe with Abigail and the two quickly became friends. Spending time with Abigail helped tone down some of Rosemary's enthusiasm and made her a more likable person. Rosemary even came to like Elizabeth, even if only on an acquaintance level. Truthfully, she cares about everyone in Hope Valley, especially Lee, with whom she shares an mutual attraction. When Rosie is not spending time with Lee, talking to Abigail, or dreaming about the glamorous life of an actress, she can often be found somewhere writing her weekly advice column for Hope Valley's newspaper! In season 3, Rosemary's friendship with Elizabeth deepened. Instead of viewing her as an adversary, she finds a friend in Elizabeth. Throughout season 3, Rosemary's relationship with Lee becomes more romantic. In \"Heart Of A Hero,\" seeing that Lee needs to spend more time at the sawmill to help the new settlers find jobs, Rosemary tells Lee that the theatre doesn't have to be built. He insists, but she says how important his job is. He smiles and tells her he will one day build her theatre, telling her that she is \"the best part of his life.\" The couple shares in their first kiss. In \"A Gentle Heart,\" Lee is injured. Thinking he is asleep, Rosemary pours out her heart to him, telling how much she loves him. In \"Heartbreak,\" Rosemary is offered a job in Hollywood filming. This has always been Rosemary's dream, to be an actress. Lee unselfishly tells her to do whatever she feels best, but it is obvious that the thought of her leaving Hope Valley hurts him. Rosemary considers her options and realizes that her place is in Hope Valley, with Lee. Lee then tells her that he has another \"role\" that he thinks would be perfect for her and proposes marriage. She happily accepts. In \"Hearts In Question,\" Rosemary enthusiastically plans for their wedding. The couple weds in the season 3 finale \"Prayers From The Heart,\" with Elizabeth and Abigail as her maids of honor." ]

[ "Abigail" ]

[ "Portree in the north at the base of Trotternish is the largest settlement (estimated population 2,264 in 2011)[34] and is the main service centre on the island. Broadford, the location of the island's only airstrip, is on the east side of the island and Dunvegan in the north-west is well known for its castle and the nearby Three Chimneys restaurant. The 18th-century Stein Inn on the Waternish coast is the oldest pub on Skye.[35] Kyleakin is linked to Kyle of Lochalsh on the mainland by the Skye Bridge, which spans the narrows of Loch Alsh. Uig, the port for ferries to the Outer Hebrides, is on the west of the Trotternish peninsula and Edinbane is between Dunvegan and Portree.[16] Much of the rest of the population lives in crofting townships scattered around the coastline.[36]" ]

[ "Portree" ]

[ "The series follows an elite unit of United States Navy SEALs portrayed by David Boreanaz, Max Thieriot, Jessica Paré, Neil Brown Jr., A. J. Buckley and Toni Trucks. SEAL Team received a pilot order from CBS in January 2017,[3] and was ordered to series in May 2017.[4] The series received a full-season order on October 12, 2017, bringing the first season to a total of 22 episodes.[5] On March 27, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a second season[6] which is set to premiere on October 3, 2018.[7]\n" ]

[ "October 3, 2018" ]

[ "Landnámabók claims that the first Norseman to rest his feet on Icelandic soil was a viking by the name of Naddoddr. Naddoddr stayed for only a short period of time, but gave the country a name: Snæland (Land of Snow). He was followed by the Swede Garðar Svavarsson, who was the first to stay over winter. At some time around 860, a storm pushed his ship far to the north until he reached the eastern coast of Iceland. Garðar approached the island from the east, sailed westward along the coast and then up north, building a house in Húsavík. He completed a full circle, circumnavigating the island and establishing that the landmass in question was indeed an island. He departed the following summer, never to return but not before giving the island a new name -- Garðarshólmur (literally, Garðar's Island). One of his men, Náttfari, decided to stay behind with two slaves. Náttfari settled in what is now known as Náttfaravík, close to Skjálfandi. Landnámabók maintains that Náttfari was not a permanent settler.\n" ]

[ "the eastern coast" ]

[ "Mickey first appeared in the short Plane Crazy, debuting publicly in the short film Steamboat Willie (1928), one of the first sound cartoons. He went on to appear in over 130 films, including The Band Concert (1935), Brave Little Tailor (1938), and Fantasia (1940). Mickey appeared primarily in short films, but also occasionally in feature-length films. Ten of Mickey's cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, one of which, Lend a Paw, won the award in 1942. In 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame." ]

[ "Plane Crazy" ]

[ "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116–36 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (\"The Hitless Wonders\") by four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and a 108-year World Series championship drought,[3] both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball.[4][5] The 108-year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.[3][6]" ]

[ "108-year" ]

[ "The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in \"Last Forever\", the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans." ]

[ "Last Forever" ]

[ "Genesis 10:14: (first reference) \"And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim.\"\nGenesis 21:32-34: \"Thus they made a covenant at Beersheba: then Abimelech rose up, and Phichol the chief captain of his host, and they returned into the land of the Philistines. And Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and called there on the name of the LORD, the everlasting God. And Abraham sojourned in the Philistines' land many days.\"\nExodus 13:17: \"And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt\"\nExodus 23:31: \"And I will set thy bounds from the Red sea even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river: for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand; and thou shalt drive them out before thee.\"" ]

[ "Genesis 10:14" ]

[ "The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale.[1] The season, which premiered on November 5, 2017,[2] consisted of a total of 12 episodes.[3]" ]

[ "November 5, 2017" ]

[ "\"I Can't Live Without You\" is a song by Liechtenstein producer Al Walser." ]

[ "Liechtenstein producer Al Walser" ]

[ "Lynn's relationship with the Wilburn Brothers and her appearances on the Grand Ole Opry, beginning in 1960,[18] helped Lynn become the number one female recording artist in country music. Her contract with the Wilburn Brothers gave them the publishing rights to her material. She was still fighting to regain these rights 30 years after ending her business relationship with them but was ultimately denied the publishing rights. Lynn stopped writing music in the 1970s because of these contracts. Although Kitty Wells had become the first major female country vocalist during the 1950s, by the time Lynn recorded her first record, only three other women—Patsy Cline, Skeeter Davis, and Jean Shepard—had become top stars. Lynn joined The Grand Ole Opry on September 25, 1962.[2]\n" ]

[ "1960" ]

[ "Officially, the widest tornado on record is the El Reno, Oklahoma tornado of May 31, 2013 with a width of 2.6 miles (4.2 km) at its peak. This is the width found by the National Weather Service based on preliminary data from University of Oklahoma RaxPol mobile radar that also sampled winds of 296 mph (476 km/h) which was used to upgrade the tornado to EF5.[21] However, it was revealed that these winds did not impact any structures, and as a result the tornado was downgraded to EF3 based on damage.[22] However, another possible contender for the widest tornado as measured by radar was the F4 Mulhall tornado in north-central Oklahoma which occurred during the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak. The diameter of the maximum winds (over 110 mph (49 m/s)) was over 5,200 feet (1,600 m) as measured by a DOW radar. Although the tornado passed largely over rural terrain, the width of the wind swath capable of producing damage was as wide as 4 mi (6.4 km).[23][24]" ]

[ "El Reno, Oklahoma" ]

[ "\"Heaven Is a Place on Earth\" is a song recorded by American singer Belinda Carlisle for her second studio album Heaven on Earth (1987). Written by Rick Nowels and Ellen Shipley, the power ballad[2] was released as the album's lead single in September 1987, and it hit number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 on December 5, 1987, becoming Carlisle's only US chart-topper. A month later it hit number one in the United Kingdom, where it held the top spot of the UK Singles Chart for two weeks. \n" ]

[ "Belinda Carlisle" ]

[ "On Saturday, November 1, 1800, John Adams became the first president to take residence in the building.[17] During Adams' second day in the house, he wrote a letter to his wife Abigail, containing a prayer for the house. Adams wrote:" ]

[ "John Adams" ]

[ "\n\n\n\nRank\n\nNo\n\nPrime Minister\n\nPortrait\n\nParty\n\nDivision\n\nAssumedOffice\n\nLeftOffice\n\nTERMTime in Office\n\nTOTALTime in Office\n\nElectionWins\n\n\n \n\n1.\n\n12th\n\nSir Robert Menzies(1894–1978)\n\n\n\nUnited Australia\n\nKooyong, VIC(1934–1966)\n\n26 April 1939\n\n29 August 1941\n\n7002856000000000000♠2 years, 125 days\n\n18 years, 163 days\n\n1940 (1st)1949, 1951,1954, 1955 1958,1961, 1963\n\n\n \n\nLiberal\n\n19 December 1949\n\n26 January 1966\n\n7003588200000000000♠16 years, 38 days\n\n\n \n\n2.\n\n25th\n\nJohn Howard(born 1939)\n\n\n\nLiberal\n\nBennelong, NSW(1974–2007)\n\n11 March 1996\n\n3 December 2007\n\n7003428400000000000♠11 years, 267 days\n\n1996, 1998, 2001,2004\n\n\n \n\n3.\n\n23rd\n\nBob Hawke(born 1929)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nWills, VIC(1980–1992)\n\n11 March 1983\n\n20 December 1991\n\n7003320600000000000♠8 years, 284 days\n\n1983, 1984, 1987,1990\n\n\n \n\n4.\n\n22nd\n\nMalcolm Fraser(1930–2015)\n\n\n\nLiberal\n\nWannon, VIC(1955–1983)\n\n11 November 1975\n\n11 March 1983\n\n7003267700000000000♠7 years, 120 days\n\n1975, 1977, 1980\n\n\n \n\n5.\n\n7th\n\nBilly Hughes(1862–1952)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nWest Sydney, NSW(1901–1917)Bendigo, VIC(1917–1922)North Sydney, NSW(1922–1949)\n\n27 October 1915\n\n9 February 1923\n\n7003266200000000000♠7 years, 105 days\n\n1917, 1919, 1922\n\n\n \n\nNational Labor\n\n\n \n\nNationalist\n\n\n \n\n6.\n\n10th\n\nJoseph Lyons(1879–1939)\n\n\n\nUnited Australia\n\nWilmot, TAS(1929–1939)\n\n6 January 1932\n\n7 April 1939\n\n7003264800000000000♠7 years, 91 days\n\n1931, 1934, 1937\n\n\n \n\n7.\n\n8th\n\nStanley Bruce(1883–1967)\n\n\n\nNationalist\n\nFlinders, VIC(1918–1929)\n\n9 February 1923\n\n22 October 1929\n\n7003244700000000000♠6 years, 255 days\n\n1925, 1928\n\n\n \n\n8.\n\n2nd\n\nAlfred Deakin(1856–1919)\n\n\n\nProtectionist\n\nBallaarat, VIC(1901–1913)\n\n24 September 1903\n\n27 April 1904\n\n7002216000000000000♠216 days\n\n4 years, 313 days\n\n1903, 1906\n\n\n5 July 1905\n\n13 November 1908\n\n7003122700000000000♠3 years, 131 days\n\n\n \n\nCommonwealth Liberal\n\n2 June 1909\n\n29 April 1910\n\n7002331000000000000♠331 days\n\n\n \n\n9.\n\n5th\n\nAndrew Fisher(1862–1928)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nWide Bay, QLD(1901–1915)\n\n13 November 1908\n\n2 June 1909\n\n7002201000000000000♠201 days\n\n4 years, 297 days\n\n1910 1914\n\n\n29 April 1910\n\n24 June 1913\n\n7003115200000000000♠3 years, 56 days\n\n\n17 September 1914\n\n27 October 1915\n\n7002405000000000000♠1 year, 40 days\n\n\n \n\n10.\n\n16th\n\nBen Chifley(1885–1951)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nMacquarie, NSW(1940–1951)\n\n13 July 1945\n\n19 December 1949\n\n7003162000000000000♠4 years, 159 days\n\n1946\n\n\n \n\n11.\n\n24th\n\nPaul Keating(born 1944)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nBlaxland, NSW(1969–1996)\n\n20 December 1991\n\n11 March 1996\n\n7003154300000000000♠4 years, 82 days\n\n1993\n\n\n \n\n12.\n\n14th\n\nJohn Curtin(1885–1945)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nFremantle, WA(1934–1945)\n\n7 October 1941\n\n5 July 1945\n\n7003136700000000000♠3 years, 271 days\n\n1943\n\n\n \n\n13.\n\n19th\n\nJohn Gorton(1911–2002)\n\n\n\nLiberal\n\n Senate (VIC)(1950 – 1968)Higgins, VIC(1968 – 1975)\n\n10 January 1968\n\n10 March 1971\n\n7003115500000000000♠3 years, 59 days\n\n1969\n\n\n \n\n14.\n\n27th\n\nJulia Gillard(born 1961)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nLalor, VIC(1998–2013)\n\n24 June 2010\n\n27 June 2013\n\n7003109900000000000♠3 years, 3 days\n\n2010\n\n\n \n\n15.\n\n29th\n\nMalcolm Turnbull(born 1954)\n\n\n\nLiberal\n\nWentworth, NSW(2004–2018)\n\n15 September 2015\n\n24 August 2018\n\n7003107400000000000♠2 years, 343 days\n\n2016\n\n\n \n\n16.\n\n21st\n\nGough Whitlam(1916–2014)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nWerriwa, NSW(1952–1978)\n\n5 December 1972\n\n11 November 1975\n\n7003107100000000000♠2 years, 341 days\n\n1972, 1974\n\n\n \n\n17.\n\n26th\n\nKevin Rudd(born 1957)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nGriffith, QLD(1998–2013)\n\n3 December 2007\n\n24 June 2010\n\n7002934000000000000♠2 years, 203 days\n\n2 years, 286 days\n\n2007\n\n\n27 June 2013\n\n18 September 2013\n\n7001830000000000000♠83 days\n\n\n \n\n18.\n\n1st\n\nSir Edmund Barton(1849–1920)\n\n\n\nProtectionist\n\nHunter, NSW(1901–1903)\n\n1 January 1901\n\n24 September 1903\n\n7002996000000000000♠2 years, 266 days\n\n1901\n\n\n \n\n19.\n\n9th\n\nJames Scullin(1876–1953)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nYarra, VIC(1922–1949)\n\n22 October 1929\n\n6 January 1932\n\n7002806000000000000♠2 years, 76 days\n\n1929\n\n\n \n\n20.\n\n28th\n\nTony Abbott(born 1957)\n\n\n\nLiberal\n\nWarringah, NSW(1994–present)\n\n18 September 2013\n\n15 September 2015\n\n7002727000000000000♠1 year, 362 days\n\n2013\n\n\n \n\n21.\n\n17th\n\nHarold Holt(1908–1967)\n\n\n\nLiberal\n\nHiggins, VIC(1949–1967)\n\n26 January 1966\n\n17 December 1967\n\n7002690000000000000♠1 year, 325 days\n\n1966\n\n\n\n\n \n\n22.\n\n20th\n\nWilliam McMahon(1908–1988)\n\n\n\nLiberal\n\nLowe, NSW(1949–1982)\n\n10 March 1971\n\n5 December 1972\n\n7002636000000000000♠1 year, 270 days\n\n\n\n\n \n\n23.\n\n6th\n\nJoseph Cook(1860–1947)\n\n\n\nCommonwealth Liberal\n\nParramatta, NSW(1901–1921)\n\n24 June 1913\n\n17 September 1914\n\n7002450000000000000♠1 year, 85 days\n\n1913\n\n\n \n\n24.\n\n4th\n\nGeorge Reid(1845–1918)\n\n\n\nFree Trade\n\nEast Sydney, NSW(1901–1910)\n\n18 August 1904\n\n5 July 1905\n\n7002321000000000000♠321 days\n\n\n\n\n \n\n25.\n\n3rd\n\nChris Watson(1867–1941)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nBland, NSW(1901–1906)\n\n27 April 1904\n\n18 August 1904\n\n7002113000000000000♠113 days\n\n\n\n\n \n\n26.\n\n30th\n\nScott Morrison(born 1968)\n\n\n\nLiberal\n\nCook, NSW(2007–present)\n\n24 August 2018\n\nIncumbent\n\n7001660000000000000♠66 days\n\n\n\n\n \n\n27.\n\n13th\n\nArthur Fadden(1894–1973)\n\n\n\nCountry\n\nDarling Downs, QLD(1936–1949)\n\n29 August 1941\n\n7 October 1941\n\n7001390000000000000♠39 days\n\n\n\n\n \n\n28.\n\n18th\n\nJohn McEwen(1900–1980)\n\n\n\nCountry\n\nMurray, VIC(1949–1971)\n\n19 December 1967\n\n10 January 1968\n\n7001220000000000000♠22 days\n\n\n\n\n \n\n29.\n\n11th\n\nSir Earle Page(1880–1961)\n\n\n\nCountry\n\nCowper, NSW(1919–1961)\n\n7 April 1939\n\n26 April 1939\n\n7001190000000000000♠19 days\n\n\n\n\n \n\n30.\n\n15th\n\nFrank Forde(1890–1983)\n\n\n\nLabor\n\nCapricornia, QLD(1922–1946)\n\n6 July 1945\n\n13 July 1945\n\n7000700000000000000♠7 days\n\n\n" ]

[ "Sir Robert Menzies" ]

[ "Double yellow lines mean no waiting at any time, unless there are signs that specifically indicate seasonal restrictions.[7] They were first introduced in the UK by section 51[9] of the Road Traffic Act 1960[10] (repealed in 1972 and replaced by later legislation)." ]

[ "1960" ]

[ "This is a list of the schools in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the United States and Canada that have football as a varsity sport. In the 2017 season, there are a total of 169 Division II football programs." ]

[ "169" ]

[ "\n\nWars\nYears\nCombatant 1\nCombatant 2\nResults\n\n\nChinese Civil War\n1944-1949[24]\n CPC\n PLA[15][16]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n KMT\n NRA\n\nSupported by:\n United States\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nGreek Civil War\n1944-1949[25][26]\nGreek communists (Democratic Army of Greece, National Liberation Front, Greek People's Liberation Army, Communist Party of Greece)[25][26]\n\nSupported by:\n Albania[25]\n Bulgaria[25]\n Yugoslavia[25]\n Greece[25][26]\n\nSupported by:\n United Kingdom[25][26]\n United States[25][26]\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nIran crisis of 1946\n1945–1946\n Azerbaijan People's Republic\n Republic of Mahabad\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Imperial State of Iran\nSupported by:\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nFirst Indochina War\n1946–1954[27][28]\n Khmer Issarak[29]\n Pathet Lao[30]\n Viet Minh[27][28]\n\nSupported by:\n China[27]\n Soviet Union[27]\n Polish People's Republic[31]\n East Germany[32][33]\n France[27][28]\n State of Vietnam (1949–1954)[27][28]\n Cambodia (1953–1954)\n Laos (1953–1954)\n\nSupported by:\n United States[27]\nCombatant 1 Won[27][28]\n\n\nParaguayan Civil War\n1947\n Liberal Party\n Febrerista Revolutionary Concentration\n Paraguayan Communist Party\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Paraguayan Government\n Military of Paraguay\n Colorado Party\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Argentina\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nMalayan Emergency\n1948–1960\nCommunist forces:\n Malayan Communist Party\n\n Malayan National Liberation Army\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[34]\n People Republic of China[35][36][37]\n Indonesia[36][37]\n Viet Minh (-1954)\n North Vietnam (1954-)[38][39][40]\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n Commonwealth of Nations\n\n United Kingdom\n\n Federation of Malaya\n Southern Rhodesia (until 1953)\n Rhodesia and Nyasaland (after 1953)\n Fiji\n\n\n Australia\n New Zealand\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n\n Thailand (Thai-Malay border)\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nInternal conflict in Myanmar\n1948–present\n Burma\n\n Tatmadaw\n Myanmar Police Force\n\n\nSupported by:\n Israel\n Libya\n India\n Rwanda\n Malawi\n China[41]\n Russia[42]\n\nOpposition forces\n ABSDF\n Arakan Army\n DKBA-5\n KNU\n\n KNLA\n\n KIO\n\nKIA\n\n MNDAA\n NDAA\n SSAN\n SSAS\n TNLA\n UWSP\n\n UWSA\n\n...and others\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Thailand\n China(1968–1988)\n Pakistan\n Vietnam\n Philippines\n Republic of China (1950–1961)[43]\n\nOngoing\n\n\nBalochistan conflict\n1948–present\nBaloch separatist groups\n\n BLA\n BRA\nBLF\nUBA\nLeB\nBLUF\nBSO (Azad)\n\nSupported by:\n India\n Soviet Union (until 1988)\n Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (until 1990)\n Iraq (1970s)[44]\n Israel[45]\n\nSectarian groups\nJundallah[46][47]\nJaish ul-Adl\nJundallah (Pakistan)\n al-Qaeda\n Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[44]\n Sipah-e-Sahaba[44]\n\n Pakistan\n\n Pakistan Army\nInter-Services Intelligence\nMilitary Intelligence of Pakistan\nFrontier Corps\n\n\n Iran[48]\n\nImperial Army (until 1979)\nIRGC (since 1980)\n\n\nOngoing\n\n\nArab–Israeli conflict\n1948–present\n Palestine\n\n PLO\n Hamas\n Fatah\n\n\nSupported by:\n Egypt (1948–78)\n Iraq\n Syria\n Italy (1956)\n Germany (1956)\n Cuba[49]\n Algeria\n Bangladesh[50]\n Soviet Union[51]\n Lebanon\n\n Israel\n\nSupported by:\n USA\n United Kingdom\n France\n\nOngoing\n\n\nKorean War\n1950-1953[52][53][54][55][56][57]\n North Korea[52][53][54][55][56][57]\n China[52][53][54][56][57]\n\nSupported by:\n Bulgaria\n Czechoslovakia[58]\n Hungary\n Poland\n Romania[56]\n Soviet Union[52][56]\n Mongolia\n South Korea[52][53][54][57]\n United Nations[53][54][57]\n United States[52][53][54][55][57]\n\nSupported by:\n Australia[53][54][55]\n Belgium[53][54]\n Bolivia[54]\n Canada[53][54][55]\n Colombia[53]\nCommonwealth of Nations[59]\n Cuba[54]\n Denmark[60]\n Ethiopia[53][54]\n France[53][54][55]\n Greece[53]\n India (Medical support)[55]\n Israel[61]\n Italy[62]\n Luxembourg[53]\n Netherlands[53]\n New Zealand[53][55]\n Norway[63]\n Philippines[53]\n South Africa[53][54]\n Spain[64]\n Sweden[65]\n Switzerland[66]\n Thailand[53][54]\n Turkey[53][54][55]\n United Kingdom[53][55]\nStalemate[52][53][57]\n\n\nMau Mau Uprising\n1952–1960\nMau Mau rebels[A]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n United Kingdom\n\n British Kenya\n\n\nSupported by:\n USA\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSecond Indochina War\n1953-1975[67][68][69][70][71]\n North Vietnam[67][68][69][70][71][72]\n Viet Cong[67][68][69][70][71][72]\n Pathet Lao\nNational United Front of Kampuchea:\n\n Khmer Rouge\n Khmer Rumdo\n Khmer Việt Minh\n Khmer Issarak\n\n China[67][70][71][72]\n\nSupported by:\n Albania[72][73]\n Bulgaria[72][73]\n Burma\n Cuba[72][73][74][75]\n Czechoslovakia[72][73]\n East Germany[72][73]\n Hungary[72][73]\n India[citation needed]\n Mongolia[72][73]\n North Korea[76]\n Poland[72][73]\n Romania[72][73]\n South Yemen[72][73]\n Soviet Union[67][70][71][72]\n Yugoslavia[72][73]\n Sweden[77][78]\n South Vietnam[67][68][69][70][71][72]\n United States[67][68][69][70][71][72]\n Laos[72]\n Kingdom of Cambodia (1967–1970)\n Khmer Republic (1970–1975)\n\nSupported by:\n Argentina[72]\n Australia[67][70][72]\n Belgium[72]\n Brazil[72]\n Canada[72][79]\n Costa Rica[72]\n Denmark[72]\n Ecuador[72]\n France[72]\n Greece[72]\n Guatemala[72]\n Honduras[72]\n Iran[72]\n Italy[72]\n Japan[72]\n Liberia[72]\n Luxembourg[72]\n Malaysia[72]\n Morocco[72]\n Norway[72]\n Netherlands[72]\n New Zealand[67][70]\n Pakistan[72]\n Philippines[70][72]\n South Africa[72]\n South Korea[67][70][72]\n Spain[72]\n Switzerland[72]\n Taiwan[72]\n Thailand[67][70][72]\n Tunisia[72]\n Turkey[72]\n United Kingdom[72]\n Uruguay[72]\n Venezuela[72]\n West Germany[72]\nCombatant 1 Won[67]\n\n\nFirst Taiwan Strait Crisis\n1954–1955\n People's Republic of China\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Republic of China\n United States\nStalemate\n\n\nAlgerian War\n1954–1962\n FLN (ALN)\n MNA\n PCA\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n France\n\nSupported by:\n United States\nCombatant 1 Won a political victory\nCombatant 2 Won a military victory\n\n\nFirst Sudanese Civil War\n1955–1972\n United Kingdom (1955-1956)\n Egypt (1955-1956)\n Anglo-Egyptian Sudan\n(1955-1956)\n Republic of the Sudan\n(1956-1969)\n Democratic Republic of the Sudan\n(1969-1972)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[80]\n\nSouthern Sudan Liberation Movement\n\n Azania Liberation Front (1965-1970)\n Anyanya (1969-1972)\n\nEquatorial Corps (1955-1963)\n\nSupported by:\n Ethiopia[81]\n Uganda[82]\n Israel[81][82][83]\n\nStalemate\n\n\nSuez Crisis\n1956–1957[84]\n Egypt[84]\n\n Palestinian fedayeen\n\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[84]\n West Germany\n Italy\n France[84]\n Israel[84]\n United Kingdom[84]\n\nTerritory unchanged. French and UK power in area weakened[84]\n\n\nSecond Taiwan Strait Crisis\n1958\n People's Republic of China\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Republic of China\n United States\nStalemate\n\n\n1958 Lebanon crisis\n1958\n Lebanese Opposition:\n\n INM\n LCP\n PSP\n\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Egypt\n\n Lebanese Government\n United States\nCombatant 2 Wins\n\n\n1959 Tibetan uprising\n1959–1962[85]\n People's Republic of China\n Tibet\n\n Chushi Gangdruk\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[86]\n United States[87]\n Republic of India\n Kingdom of Nepal[88]\n United Nations[89]\n Taiwan\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nCentral American crisis\n1960–1996[90]\nEGP[90]\n FAR[90]\nORPA\n PGT[90]\n URNG[90]\n FSLN\n\nEPS\n\n FMLN (CRM)\n Nicaragua[91] (1979–90)\n\nSupported by\n Soviet Union[92]\n Cuba[93]\n Mexico[94]\n Libya[95]\n[96]\n Romania (before 1989)\n Greece\n Sweden[97][98]\n Costa Rica\n Bulgaria[99]\n China[100]\n\n Guatemala[90]\nESA[90]\nWhite Hand[90]\nand other paramilitary groups[90]\n Somoza government\n\nNational Guard\n\nContras (1981–90)\n Salvadoran military government\n\nSupported by\n United States[90][101]\n Saudi Arabia\n Honduras\n Chile\n Argentina\n Panama\n Israel[102]\n Taiwan[103]\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nCongo Crisis\n1960–1965\n1960–62:\n Stanleyville government\n\n1964–65:\n Simba and Kwilu rebels\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n China\n Cuba\n Egypt\n FLN\n Algeria\n Republic of the Congo\n Tanzania\n Burundi\n\n1960–63:\n Katanga\n South Kasai\n\n1964–65:\n Democratic Republic of the Congo\nSupported by:\n United States\n Belgium[106]\n France\n Rhodesia and Nyasaland\n South Africa\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nPortuguese Colonial War\n1960-1974[107]\n Portugal[107]\n\nSupported by:\n South Africa\n Rhodesia\n Malawi[108]\n Spain\n\n FLEC[107]\n FNLA[107]\n FRELIMO[107]\n MPLA[107]\n PAIGC[107]\n UNITA[107]\n\nSupported by:\n China[107]\n Cuba[107]\n France[107]\n Soviet Union[107]\n United States[107]\n Zaire\n Algeria\n Tanzania\n Zambia\n Tunisia\n Senegal\n Guinea\n Congo-Brazzaville\n Libya\n Yugoslavia\n Bulgaria\n Liberia\n Egypt\n India\n Brazil\nCombatant 2 Won[73]\n\n\nXinjiang conflict\n1960s–present\nETPRP\n(1969–1989)\nURFET\n(1969–1989)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union (1969–1989)[109][110]\n Mongolian People's Republic (1960–1989)\n\n People's Republic of China\nOngoing\n\n\nFirst Iraqi–Kurdish War\n1961–1970\n Republic of Iraq\n Ba'athist Iraq Supported by:\n Syria[111]\n\n KDP\n\nSupported by:\n Pahlavi Iran\n Israel[112]\n\nStalemate\n\n\nEritrean War of Independence\n1961–1974\n ELF\nSupported by:\n Libya[113][114][115]\n(until 1977)\n Cuba[113][116]\n(until 1974)\n Syria[117][118]\n Iraq[119][120]\n Tunisia[121][122][123]\n Saudi Arabia[124][125]\n Somalia[126]\n Sudan[127]\n Ethiopian Empire (until 1974)\nSupported by:\n United States (until 1974)\n[128][129][130][131][132]\n Israel (until 1974) [133][134]\nStalemate\n\n\n1974–1991\n Derg (1974–1987)\n PDRE (1987–1991)\nSupported by:\n Cuba[135][136][137][138] (1974–1989)[dubious – discuss]\n Soviet Union[135][139][140][141] (1974–1990)\n South Yemen [133]\n EPLF\n TPLF\nSupported by:\n China[142][143]\n Sudan[127]\n Libya[113][114][115]\n(1977–1991)\n United States\n(May 1991)[144]\n Somalia[126]\n Syria[117][118]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nNorth Yemen Civil War\n1962–1970\n Yemen Arab Republic\n Egypt[145]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Kingdom of Yemen\n Saudi Arabia[145]\n\nSupported by:\n Jordan[146]\n United Kingdom[146]\n United States\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nDhofar Rebellion\n1962–1976\n DLF (1962–1968)\n PFLOAG (1968–1974)\n NDFLOAG (1969–1971)\n PFLO (1974–1976)\n\nSupported by:\n China[147]\n Soviet Union[147]\n South Yemen[147]\n East Germany\n\n Oman[147]\nSupported by:\n Iran[147]\n Abu Dhabi[147]\n Saudi Arabia[147]\n United Kingdom[147]\n Jordan[147]\n Egypt[147]\n Pakistan[147]\n UAE[147]\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSarawak Communist Insurgency\n1962–1990\nCommunist forces:\n North Kalimantan Communist Party[148]\n\nSarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF)[149]\nNorth Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA)[149]\n\n\n Indonesia (1962–65) (troops aid)\nOther support:\n Brunei People's Party\n\nNorth Kalimantan National Army (NKNA)\n\nSupported by:\n China[149]\n Soviet Union\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n United Kingdom[150]\n\n Sarawak (until 1963)\n\n Malaysia\n\n Sarawak (after 1963)\n\nSupported by:\n Australia\n Brunei\n New Zealand\n United States\n\n Indonesia (after 1965) (Indo-Malay border)\n\nStalemate\n\n\nSand War\n1963\n Algeria\n\nSupported by:\n Egypt[151]\n Cuba\n Soviet Union\n\n Morocco\n\nSupported by:\n USA\n France\n\nStalemate\n\n\nAden Emergency\n1963–1967\n NLF\nFLOSY\n\nSupported by\n Egypt\n Yemen Arab Republic\n Soviet Union\n\n United Kingdom\n\n Federation of South Arabia\n\n\nSupported by\n United States\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nInsurgency in Northeast India\n1963–present\nACF\nAchik NLA\nAMLF\nANLCA\nAdivasi NLA\nANVC\nAPA\nAPLA\nATBR\nATBSF\nATF\nATPLO\n ATTF\nAYLF\nBCF\nBDFM\nBKI\nBMS\nBMS\nBNCT\nBNLF\nCKRF\nDHD (until 2013)\nDHDA\nDJNA\nGNLA\nGTF\nHALC\nHNLC\nHPCD\nHULA\n HuM\nINF\nIRF\nKCP\nKDF\nKIA\nKIF\nKKK\nKLA\n KLNLF\n KLO\nKNF\nKNLA\nKPLT\nKRA\nKYKL\nLAEF\nMNPF\nMULTA\n NDFB\nNLFB\nNLFT\n NSCN-IM\n PLA\nPLF-M\nPRA\nPREPAK\nRJC\nRNHPF\nRNSF\nSDFT\nSPLA\nSTF\nTATCF\nTLOF\nTMP\nTNA\nTNDTF\nTRRB\nTTACF\nTTSF\nUALA\nUANF\nUDKLF\nUILA\nUIRA\nUKDA\nUKLF\n ULFA\n UNLF\nUPLF\nZPC\n ZRA\nZRF\nZRV\nZUF\n\nSupported by:\n Arab League\n\n India\n Bhutan\n Bangladesh\n Burma\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Soviet Union\n Iran\n\nOngoing\n\n\nRhodesian Bush War\n1964–1979\n ZANLA (ZANU)\n FRELIMO[152] (until 25 June 1975)\n Mozambique (from 25 June 1975)\n\nSupported by:\n China[153]\n Libya\n Tanzania[154]\n Brazil\n\n ZIPRA (ZAPU)[155]\n MK (ANC)[155]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[153]\n Zambia\n Cuba[153]\n East Germany[153]\n\nFROLIZI\n\n Rhodesia\n(until 1 June 1979)\n Zimbabwe Rhodesia\n(from 1 June 1979)\n\nSupported by:\n South Africa\n Portugal\n(until 1974)\n\nStalemate\n\n\nDominican Civil War\n1965\n Constitutionalists\n Dominican Revolutionary Party[156]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Cuba\n\n Dominican Republic\n United States\n Inter-American Peace Force\n\n Brazil\n Paraguay\n Nicaragua\n Costa Rica\n El Salvador\n Honduras[157]\n\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nChadian Civil War\n1965–1979\n FROLINAT\n GUNT\n Libya\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Chad\n France\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nCommunist insurgency in Thailand\n1965–1983\n Communist Party of Thailand\nThai United Patriotic Front\n\nSupported by:\n North Vietnam (until 1976)\n Vietnam (from 1976)\n China (from 1971)\n Pathet Lao [158][159]\n North Korea[159]\n Khmer Rouge (until 1978)[158]\n Soviet Union\n\n Thailand\n\n Royal Thai Armed Forces\n Royal Thai Police\nThai Paramilitaries\n\n Taiwan (until July 1967)\n\nKuomintang 49th Division[160]\nChinese Irregular Force (CIF)\n\n\nSupported by:\n Malaysia\n United States[158]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nBolivian Campaign\n1966–1967\nEjército de Liberación Nacional\n Cuba\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Bolivia\n United States\n\nCIA\n\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nKorean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)\n1966–1969\n North Korea\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n China\n\n South Korea\n United States\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSouth African Border War\n1966–1990\nAfrican nationalist forces:\n PLAN (SWAPO)\n SWANU\n\nSupported by:\n Cuba[161]\n MPLA[162]\n Soviet Union[163]\n China[164]\n Yugoslavia[165][166]\n Bulgaria[167][168]\n Tanzania[169][170]\n Zambia[171]\n Libya[172]\n Kenya[173]\n Algeria[174]\n Guyana[175]\n Brazil\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n South Africa\n\n South-West Africa\n\nSupported by:\n UNITA[176]\n United States\n United Kingdom\n Portugal (until 1975)\n\nStalemate\n\n\nNigerian Civil War\n1967–1970\n Nigeria\n\nSupported by:\n United Kingdom\n Soviet Union\n United States\n Canada Sudan\n Chad\n Niger\n Syria\n Saudi Arabia\n Algeria[177]\n Bulgaria[178]\n\n Biafra\n\nSupported by:\n South Africa\n Portugal[179]\n France\n Spain[180][181]\n Tanzania[182][183][184]\n Gabon\n Ivory Coast\n Zambia\n Rhodesia\n Haiti\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nNaxalite–Maoist insurgency\n1967–present\n Naxalites:\n\nCommunist Party of India (Maoist)\n\nPeople's Liberation Guerrilla Army\n\n\nCommunist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti\nCommunist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari\nCommunist Party of United States of India\nCommunist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy\nCommunist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)\n People's Liberation Army of Manipur\nTamil Nadu Liberation Army\nPurbo Banglar Communist Party\n\n\nSupported by:\n China[185]\n Pakistan[185]\n Mongolia\n Indonesia\n Afghanistan\n Algeria\n Bahrain\n Chad\n Comoros\n Djibouti\n Egypt\n Federation of Arab Republics (1972-1977)\n Iraq\n Jordan\n Kuwait\n Lebanon\n Libya\n Mauritania\n Morocco\n North Yemen (1967-1990)\n Oman\n Qatar\n Palestine\n Saudi Arabia\n Somalia\n South Yemen (1967-1990)\n Sudan\n Syria\n Tunisia\n United Arab Emirates\n United Arab Republic (1967-1972)\n Western Sahara\n Yemen (from 1990)\n Communist Party of Nepal—Maoist\n New People's Army[186]\n CIC (until 1977)\n\n India\n\nSupported by:\n Bangladesh\n Bhutan\n Nepal\n Iran\n Peshmerga\n\nRight-wing paramilitary groups:\nSalwa Judum\nRanvir Sena\nBajrang Dal\n\nOngoing\n\n\nYears of Lead\n1968–1982\nFar-left terrorist groups:\n Red Brigades\nFront Line\nOctober 22 Group\nPAC\nContinuous Struggle\nPO-AO\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union (alleged)\n\n Italian Government\n\nSISDE (Internal)\nSISMI (Foreign)\nItalian Armed Forces\nArm of Carabineers\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n\nFar-right terrorist groups:\n National Vanguard\nBlack Order\nNAR\nThird Position\nSupported by:\n United States (alleged)\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nCommunist insurgency in Malaysia\n1968–1989\nCommunist forces:\n Malayan Communist Party[187]\n\n Malayan National Liberation Army[187]\n\n\nSupported by:\n China[35][188]\n Soviet Union[188]\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n Malaysia[189]\n Thailand[190][191]\n\nSupported by:\n United Kingdom[192]\n Australia\n New Zealand[193]\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nOperation Condor\n1968–1989\nOpponents to the military juntas and right-wing governments in South America.\n\nSupported by:\n Poland\n Spain\n\n Chile\n Argentina\n Brazil\n Bolivia\n Paraguay\n Uruguay\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Peru\n Ecuador\n Colombia\n Venezuela\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nAl-Wadiah War\n1969\n South Yemen\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Saudi Arabia\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nCivil conflict in the Philippines\n1969–present\nCommunist forces:\n Communist Party\n\nNPA\n NDF\n Makabayan\n MLPP-\n\nRHB[194]\n\n APP[194]\n RPA[194]\n ABB[194]\n CPLA[194] (Until 2011)\n\n\n Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)[195]\n Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) (until 2014)\nMRLO[196]\nAmpatuan militias[197]\n\nSupported by:\n Malaysia (to MNLF and MILF)[198][199]\n People's Republic of China (1969–1976,[200] alleged continued support[citation needed])\n Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1980s–2011)[201][202](to MNLF)[203][204][205][206][207]\n North Korea[208][209]\n Vietnam (1980s)[204]\n Cuba (Alleged support[citation needed])\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n Philippines\n\nAlsa Masa (1986–?)[210]\nCAFGU\n\n\nSupported by:\n United States[211]\n\nOngoing\n\n\nYemenite War of 1972\n1972\n South Yemen\nNational Democratic Front\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Cuba\n East Germany\n Czechoslovakia\n Libya\n\n North Yemen\n\nSupported by:\n Saudi Arabia\n Jordan\n United States\n Republic of China\n United Kingdom\n West Germany\n\nStalemate\n\n\nAngolan Civil War\n1974–2002\n MPLA\n SWAPO\n MK\n Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[212]\n Cuba\n Tanzania[213]\n Mozambique[214]\n Czechoslovak Socialist Republic[215]\n Polish People's Republic\n Yugoslavia\n People's Republic of Bulgaria[216]\n Guyana[175]\n Portugal[217]\n (until 1989)\n India[215]\n North Korea\n Brazil\n\n UNITA\n FNLA\n FLEC\n\nSupported by:\n United States[218]\n People's Republic of China[218]\n South Africa\n Zambia[219]\n Morocco[220]\n Zaire\n Egypt\n France\n Belgium\n Burkina Faso (from 1987)\n Israel\n United Kingdom\n Rhodesia (until 1979)\n South Korea\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nEthiopian Civil War\n1974-1991\n People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[221]\n[135][139][140][141][222][223]\n North Korea\n Libya\n South Yemen[221]\n Tanzania\n East Germany (until 1990)[221][224][225]\n Bulgaria\n Cuba (1987–1991)[226]\n\nEthiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n United Kingdom\n China\n West Germany (until 1990)\n Germany (from 1990)\n Saudi Arabia\n Israel\n North Yemen\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nLebanese Civil War\n1975–1990\n LNM (until 1982)\n Jammoul (from 1982)\n PLO\n\nSupported by:\n Iraq\n Libya\n Algeria\n\n Amal Movement\n\n Hezbollah\n(from 1985)\n Iran (From 1980, mainly IRGC paramilitary units)\n\nSupported by:\n North Korea\n\nIslamic Unification Movement (from 1982)\n\n Syria\n\n LF\n AFL (until 1977)\nSLA (from 1976)\n Israel (from 1978)\n\nTigers Militia (until 1980)\n\nMarada Brigades (left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria)\n\n Lebanon\n United Nations UNIFIL (from 1978)\nMultinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984)\n United States\n France\n\n Arab Deterrent Force (1976–1987)\n Syria (1976, and from 1983)\n\nNeutral Parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation\n Kurds\n\nStalemate\n\n\nWestern Sahara War\n1975–1991\n Polisario Front\n\n SADR\n\n\nSupported by:\n Libya\n Algeria[227]\n Soviet Union\n\n Morocco\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Saudi Arabia\n Mauritania\n France\n\nStalemate\n\n\nIndonesian occupation of East Timor\n1975–1999\n East Timor (CNRM, later CNRT)\n\n FRETILIN (FALINTIL)\n UDT\n\nSupported by:\n Portugal\n Soviet Union\n Libya\n Free Aceh Movement\n China\n\n Indonesia\n\n Timor Timur\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Australia\n United Kingdom\n Canada\n Israel[228]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nCabinda War\n1975–present\n Angola\n\nSupported by:\n Cuba\n East Germany (until 1989)\n Soviet Union (until 1989)[229][230]\n Brazil\n\n FLEC\n\nFLEC-FAC\nFLEC-Renovada\nFLEC-N'Zita\nFLEC-Lubota\nUniao Nacional de Libertaçao de Cabinda\nCommunist Committee of Cabinda\n\n\nSupported by:\n France[231]\n Zaire[232]\n Belgium[233]\n World League for Freedom and Democracy[233]\n China (alleged)\n\nOngoing\n\n\nInsurgency in Laos\n1975–present\n Laos\n\nPathet Lao\nPro-govt. Hmong\nPro-govt. Chinese\n\n\nSupported by:\n Vietnam\n North Vietnam (to 1976)\n Soviet Union (to 1978)\n\nHmong insurgents\n\nLaotian Hmong\nThai Hmong\n\nEthnic Liberation Organization of Laos\n(1984–)\nUnited Front for the Liberation of Laos (1980–)\n\n Royal Lao Democratic Government (1982)\n\nChao Fa (to 1984)\nLao National Liberation Front\nLao United Independence Front\nFree Democratic Lao National Salvation Force\n National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (1979-1983: limited involv.)\n\nSupported by:\n China (PRC) (to 1988)\n[234]\n Democratic Kampuchea (to 1979)\n Khmer Rouge (1980 to 1981)\n Party of Democratic Kampuchea (1981 to 1990)\n Thailand (Rightists: early to mid-1980s) (Hmong: to 1990)\n United States (Hmong: 1990)\nNeo Hom (support. 1981-)[235][236]\n Royal Lao Government in Exile\nVarious Hmong exiles\n\nOngoing\n\n\nCivil conflict in Turkey\n1976–present\nTAK\nTKP/ML-TİKKO\nMKP-HKO-PHG\nMaoist Party\nMaoist Party Centre\n THKO\n Devrimci Yol\n Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[237][238]\n China\n ASALA[239] (1970s–1988)\n Syria[237][240][241]\n Greece[242][243]\n Cyprus[237]\n Iran[237][244][245]\n Iraq[246]\n Libya[247]\n\n Turkey\n\nSupported by:\n NATO\n European Union\n USA\n United Kingdom\n\nOngoing\n\n\nShaba I\n1977\n Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)\nSupported by:\n Angola\n Cuba\n Soviet Union\n\n Zaire\nSupported by:\n United States[248]\n China[249]\n Sudan[249]\n Morocco\n Egypt\n France\n Belgium\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nOgaden War\n1977–1978\n Ethiopia\n\nSupported by:\n Cuba\n Soviet Union\n South Yemen\n North Korea\n East Germany\n\n Somalia\n WSLF\n\nSupported by:\n China\n Egypt\n Socialist Republic of Romania\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nCambodian-Vietnamese War\n1977-1991\n Vietnam (VPA)\n KUFNS\n People's Republic of Kampuchea (KPRAF) (after 10 January 1979)\n State of Cambodia (CPAF) (1989)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Laos\n\n Democratic Kampuchea (RAK)\n\nSupported by:\n China\n\nPost invasion:\nCGDK:\n\n NADK\n KPNLF\nFUNCINPEC\n FULRO\n\n\nSupported by:\n China\n United States(non-combat support)\n United Kingdom(non-combat support)\n\nSpillover conflict:\n Thailand (border clashes)\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nMozambican Civil War\n1977-1992\n FRELIMO\n\nSupported by:\n Malawi[108]\n Brazil\n Zimbabwe (from 1980)\n Tanzania\n Soviet Union\n Bulgaria\n Cuba\n\n RENAMO\n\nSupported by:\n Zimbabwe-Rhodesia\n South Africa[250]\n Malawi[108]\n United States\n Rhodesia\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nChittagong Hill Tracts conflict\n1977–1997\n Bangladesh\n\nBangladesh Armed Forces\nBorder Guards Bangladesh\nBangladesh Police\nBangladesh Armed Police\n\n\n Shanti Bahini\n\nSupported by:\n India[251][252]\n\nStalemate\n\n\nShaba II\n1978\n Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)\n\nSupported by\n Angola\n Cuba (alleged)\n Soviet Union (alleged)\n\n Zaire\n\nSupported by:\n France\n Belgium\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nUganda–Tanzania War\n1978–1979\n Tanzania\n UNLA\n Mozambique[253]\n Uganda\n Libya\n PLO[253][254]\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nNDF Rebellion\n1978–1982\n NDF\n\nSupported by:\n South Yemen\n Libya\n Soviet Union\n\n North Yemen\n Islamic Front\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Saudi Arabia\n Taiwan\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nChadian–Libyan conflict\n1978–1987\n Libya\n\nIslamic Legion[255]\n\n Chadian rebels\n\n FROLINAT\nGUNT (1979–86)\n\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Chad\n\nFAT (1978–79)\nFAN (1978–83)\nFANT (1983–87)\nGUNT (1986–87)\n\n France\n Zaire[256]\n\nSupported by:\n United States[257]\n Egypt[255]\n Sudan[255]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nYemenite War of 1979\n1979\n South Yemen\nNational Democratic Front\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Cuba\n East Germany\n Czechoslovakia\n Libya\n\n North Yemen\n\nSupported by:\n Saudi Arabia\n Jordan\n United States\n Taiwan\n Iraq\n Egypt\n\nStalemate\n\n\nAfghan-Soviet War\n1979–1989\n Soviet Union\n Democratic Republic of Afghanistan\n\nSupported by:\n India[258][259]\n Libya\n\n Sunni Mujahideen:\n\nJamiat-e Islami\n\nShura-e Nazar\n\n\nGulbuddin faction\n\nMaktab al-Khadamat\n\n\nKhalis faction\nIttehad i-Islami\nIRM\nNLF\nNIFA\n\n\nSupported by:\n Pakistan[260]\n United States[261][262][263][264]\n United Kingdom[263][265][266]\n China[267]\n Saudi Arabia[262][263][268][269]\n West Germany[270][271]\n United Kingdom[271]\n Turkey[272]\n Egypt[273]\n France[271]\n Israel[274]\n Japan[274]\n\nShia Mujahedeen:\n\nHarakat i-Islami\nAfghan Hezbollah\nNasr Party (IVOA)\nCOIRGA\nShura Party\nIRM\nUOIF\nRaad Party\n\n\nSupported by:\n Iran[260]\n\nSmall Maoist groups:\n\nALO\nSAMA\nAMFFF\n\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSino-Vietnamese War\n1979\n Vietnam\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Laos\n\n People's Republic of China\nStalemate\n\n\nInternal conflict in Peru\n1980–present\n Shining Path\n\n\n MRTA (until 1997)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Cuba [275]\n Libyan Arab Jamahiriya[275]\n\n Peruvian Armed Forces\n\nNational Intelligence Service\nGrupo Colina\n\n Rondas Campesinas\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Japan\n\nOngoing\n\n\nEthiopian–Somali Border War\n1982\n Ethiopia\nSomali rebels\nSupported by:\n Cuba[276]\n South Yemen[276]\n North Korea[276]\n\n Somalia\nSupported by:\n United States[276][277]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSri Lankan Civil War\n1983–2009\n Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam\n\nSupported by:\n Libya\n India (until 1987) [278][279][280][281]\n\n Sri Lanka\n India\n Maldives\n\nSupported by:\n United Nations\n Taiwan\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nThai–Laotian Border War\n1987–1988\n Laos\n Vietnam\n\nSupported by\n Soviet Union\n\n Thailand\n\nSupported by\n United States\n\nStalemate\n\n\nAfghan Civil War\n1989–1992\n Democratic Republic of Afghanistan\n\nSupported by\n Soviet Union\n\n Mujahideen\n\nSupported by\n United States\n Pakistan\n China[282]\n Saudi Arabia\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n", "\n\nWars\nYears\nCombatant 1\nCombatant 2\nResults\n\n\nChinese Civil War\n1944-1949[24]\n CPC\n PLA[15][16]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n KMT\n NRA\n\nSupported by:\n United States\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nGreek Civil War\n1944-1949[25][26]\nGreek communists (Democratic Army of Greece, National Liberation Front, Greek People's Liberation Army, Communist Party of Greece)[25][26]\n\nSupported by:\n Albania[25]\n Bulgaria[25]\n Yugoslavia[25]\n Greece[25][26]\n\nSupported by:\n United Kingdom[25][26]\n United States[25][26]\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nIran crisis of 1946\n1945–1946\n Azerbaijan People's Republic\n Republic of Mahabad\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Imperial State of Iran\nSupported by:\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nFirst Indochina War\n1946–1954[27][28]\n Khmer Issarak[29]\n Pathet Lao[30]\n Viet Minh[27][28]\n\nSupported by:\n China[27]\n Soviet Union[27]\n Polish People's Republic[31]\n East Germany[32][33]\n France[27][28]\n State of Vietnam (1949–1954)[27][28]\n Cambodia (1953–1954)\n Laos (1953–1954)\n\nSupported by:\n United States[27]\nCombatant 1 Won[27][28]\n\n\nParaguayan Civil War\n1947\n Liberal Party\n Febrerista Revolutionary Concentration\n Paraguayan Communist Party\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Paraguayan Government\n Military of Paraguay\n Colorado Party\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Argentina\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nMalayan Emergency\n1948–1960\nCommunist forces:\n Malayan Communist Party\n\n Malayan National Liberation Army\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[34]\n People Republic of China[35][36][37]\n Indonesia[36][37]\n Viet Minh (-1954)\n North Vietnam (1954-)[38][39][40]\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n Commonwealth of Nations\n\n United Kingdom\n\n Federation of Malaya\n Southern Rhodesia (until 1953)\n Rhodesia and Nyasaland (after 1953)\n Fiji\n\n\n Australia\n New Zealand\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n\n Thailand (Thai-Malay border)\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nInternal conflict in Myanmar\n1948–present\n Burma\n\n Tatmadaw\n Myanmar Police Force\n\n\nSupported by:\n Israel\n Libya\n India\n Rwanda\n Malawi\n China[41]\n Russia[42]\n\nOpposition forces\n ABSDF\n Arakan Army\n DKBA-5\n KNU\n\n KNLA\n\n KIO\n\nKIA\n\n MNDAA\n NDAA\n SSAN\n SSAS\n TNLA\n UWSP\n\n UWSA\n\n...and others\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Thailand\n China(1968–1988)\n Pakistan\n Vietnam\n Philippines\n Republic of China (1950–1961)[43]\n\nOngoing\n\n\nBalochistan conflict\n1948–present\nBaloch separatist groups\n\n BLA\n BRA\nBLF\nUBA\nLeB\nBLUF\nBSO (Azad)\n\nSupported by:\n India\n Soviet Union (until 1988)\n Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (until 1990)\n Iraq (1970s)[44]\n Israel[45]\n\nSectarian groups\nJundallah[46][47]\nJaish ul-Adl\nJundallah (Pakistan)\n al-Qaeda\n Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[44]\n Sipah-e-Sahaba[44]\n\n Pakistan\n\n Pakistan Army\nInter-Services Intelligence\nMilitary Intelligence of Pakistan\nFrontier Corps\n\n\n Iran[48]\n\nImperial Army (until 1979)\nIRGC (since 1980)\n\n\nOngoing\n\n\nArab–Israeli conflict\n1948–present\n Palestine\n\n PLO\n Hamas\n Fatah\n\n\nSupported by:\n Egypt (1948–78)\n Iraq\n Syria\n Italy (1956)\n Germany (1956)\n Cuba[49]\n Algeria\n Bangladesh[50]\n Soviet Union[51]\n Lebanon\n\n Israel\n\nSupported by:\n USA\n United Kingdom\n France\n\nOngoing\n\n\nKorean War\n1950-1953[52][53][54][55][56][57]\n North Korea[52][53][54][55][56][57]\n China[52][53][54][56][57]\n\nSupported by:\n Bulgaria\n Czechoslovakia[58]\n Hungary\n Poland\n Romania[56]\n Soviet Union[52][56]\n Mongolia\n South Korea[52][53][54][57]\n United Nations[53][54][57]\n United States[52][53][54][55][57]\n\nSupported by:\n Australia[53][54][55]\n Belgium[53][54]\n Bolivia[54]\n Canada[53][54][55]\n Colombia[53]\nCommonwealth of Nations[59]\n Cuba[54]\n Denmark[60]\n Ethiopia[53][54]\n France[53][54][55]\n Greece[53]\n India (Medical support)[55]\n Israel[61]\n Italy[62]\n Luxembourg[53]\n Netherlands[53]\n New Zealand[53][55]\n Norway[63]\n Philippines[53]\n South Africa[53][54]\n Spain[64]\n Sweden[65]\n Switzerland[66]\n Thailand[53][54]\n Turkey[53][54][55]\n United Kingdom[53][55]\nStalemate[52][53][57]\n\n\nMau Mau Uprising\n1952–1960\nMau Mau rebels[A]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n United Kingdom\n\n British Kenya\n\n\nSupported by:\n USA\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSecond Indochina War\n1953-1975[67][68][69][70][71]\n North Vietnam[67][68][69][70][71][72]\n Viet Cong[67][68][69][70][71][72]\n Pathet Lao\nNational United Front of Kampuchea:\n\n Khmer Rouge\n Khmer Rumdo\n Khmer Việt Minh\n Khmer Issarak\n\n China[67][70][71][72]\n\nSupported by:\n Albania[72][73]\n Bulgaria[72][73]\n Burma\n Cuba[72][73][74][75]\n Czechoslovakia[72][73]\n East Germany[72][73]\n Hungary[72][73]\n India[citation needed]\n Mongolia[72][73]\n North Korea[76]\n Poland[72][73]\n Romania[72][73]\n South Yemen[72][73]\n Soviet Union[67][70][71][72]\n Yugoslavia[72][73]\n Sweden[77][78]\n South Vietnam[67][68][69][70][71][72]\n United States[67][68][69][70][71][72]\n Laos[72]\n Kingdom of Cambodia (1967–1970)\n Khmer Republic (1970–1975)\n\nSupported by:\n Argentina[72]\n Australia[67][70][72]\n Belgium[72]\n Brazil[72]\n Canada[72][79]\n Costa Rica[72]\n Denmark[72]\n Ecuador[72]\n France[72]\n Greece[72]\n Guatemala[72]\n Honduras[72]\n Iran[72]\n Italy[72]\n Japan[72]\n Liberia[72]\n Luxembourg[72]\n Malaysia[72]\n Morocco[72]\n Norway[72]\n Netherlands[72]\n New Zealand[67][70]\n Pakistan[72]\n Philippines[70][72]\n South Africa[72]\n South Korea[67][70][72]\n Spain[72]\n Switzerland[72]\n Taiwan[72]\n Thailand[67][70][72]\n Tunisia[72]\n Turkey[72]\n United Kingdom[72]\n Uruguay[72]\n Venezuela[72]\n West Germany[72]\nCombatant 1 Won[67]\n\n\nFirst Taiwan Strait Crisis\n1954–1955\n People's Republic of China\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Republic of China\n United States\nStalemate\n\n\nAlgerian War\n1954–1962\n FLN (ALN)\n MNA\n PCA\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n France\n\nSupported by:\n United States\nCombatant 1 Won a political victory\nCombatant 2 Won a military victory\n\n\nFirst Sudanese Civil War\n1955–1972\n United Kingdom (1955-1956)\n Egypt (1955-1956)\n Anglo-Egyptian Sudan\n(1955-1956)\n Republic of the Sudan\n(1956-1969)\n Democratic Republic of the Sudan\n(1969-1972)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[80]\n\nSouthern Sudan Liberation Movement\n\n Azania Liberation Front (1965-1970)\n Anyanya (1969-1972)\n\nEquatorial Corps (1955-1963)\n\nSupported by:\n Ethiopia[81]\n Uganda[82]\n Israel[81][82][83]\n\nStalemate\n\n\nSuez Crisis\n1956–1957[84]\n Egypt[84]\n\n Palestinian fedayeen\n\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[84]\n West Germany\n Italy\n France[84]\n Israel[84]\n United Kingdom[84]\n\nTerritory unchanged. French and UK power in area weakened[84]\n\n\nSecond Taiwan Strait Crisis\n1958\n People's Republic of China\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Republic of China\n United States\nStalemate\n\n\n1958 Lebanon crisis\n1958\n Lebanese Opposition:\n\n INM\n LCP\n PSP\n\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Egypt\n\n Lebanese Government\n United States\nCombatant 2 Wins\n\n\n1959 Tibetan uprising\n1959–1962[85]\n People's Republic of China\n Tibet\n\n Chushi Gangdruk\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[86]\n United States[87]\n Republic of India\n Kingdom of Nepal[88]\n United Nations[89]\n Taiwan\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nCentral American crisis\n1960–1996[90]\nEGP[90]\n FAR[90]\nORPA\n PGT[90]\n URNG[90]\n FSLN\n\nEPS\n\n FMLN (CRM)\n Nicaragua[91] (1979–90)\n\nSupported by\n Soviet Union[92]\n Cuba[93]\n Mexico[94]\n Libya[95]\n[96]\n Romania (before 1989)\n Greece\n Sweden[97][98]\n Costa Rica\n Bulgaria[99]\n China[100]\n\n Guatemala[90]\nESA[90]\nWhite Hand[90]\nand other paramilitary groups[90]\n Somoza government\n\nNational Guard\n\nContras (1981–90)\n Salvadoran military government\n\nSupported by\n United States[90][101]\n Saudi Arabia\n Honduras\n Chile\n Argentina\n Panama\n Israel[102]\n Taiwan[103]\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nCongo Crisis\n1960–1965\n1960–62:\n Stanleyville government\n\n1964–65:\n Simba and Kwilu rebels\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n China\n Cuba\n Egypt\n FLN\n Algeria\n Republic of the Congo\n Tanzania\n Burundi\n\n1960–63:\n Katanga\n South Kasai\n\n1964–65:\n Democratic Republic of the Congo\nSupported by:\n United States\n Belgium[106]\n France\n Rhodesia and Nyasaland\n South Africa\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nPortuguese Colonial War\n1960-1974[107]\n Portugal[107]\n\nSupported by:\n South Africa\n Rhodesia\n Malawi[108]\n Spain\n\n FLEC[107]\n FNLA[107]\n FRELIMO[107]\n MPLA[107]\n PAIGC[107]\n UNITA[107]\n\nSupported by:\n China[107]\n Cuba[107]\n France[107]\n Soviet Union[107]\n United States[107]\n Zaire\n Algeria\n Tanzania\n Zambia\n Tunisia\n Senegal\n Guinea\n Congo-Brazzaville\n Libya\n Yugoslavia\n Bulgaria\n Liberia\n Egypt\n India\n Brazil\nCombatant 2 Won[73]\n\n\nXinjiang conflict\n1960s–present\nETPRP\n(1969–1989)\nURFET\n(1969–1989)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union (1969–1989)[109][110]\n Mongolian People's Republic (1960–1989)\n\n People's Republic of China\nOngoing\n\n\nFirst Iraqi–Kurdish War\n1961–1970\n Republic of Iraq\n Ba'athist Iraq Supported by:\n Syria[111]\n\n KDP\n\nSupported by:\n Pahlavi Iran\n Israel[112]\n\nStalemate\n\n\nEritrean War of Independence\n1961–1974\n ELF\nSupported by:\n Libya[113][114][115]\n(until 1977)\n Cuba[113][116]\n(until 1974)\n Syria[117][118]\n Iraq[119][120]\n Tunisia[121][122][123]\n Saudi Arabia[124][125]\n Somalia[126]\n Sudan[127]\n Ethiopian Empire (until 1974)\nSupported by:\n United States (until 1974)\n[128][129][130][131][132]\n Israel (until 1974) [133][134]\nStalemate\n\n\n1974–1991\n Derg (1974–1987)\n PDRE (1987–1991)\nSupported by:\n Cuba[135][136][137][138] (1974–1989)[dubious – discuss]\n Soviet Union[135][139][140][141] (1974–1990)\n South Yemen [133]\n EPLF\n TPLF\nSupported by:\n China[142][143]\n Sudan[127]\n Libya[113][114][115]\n(1977–1991)\n United States\n(May 1991)[144]\n Somalia[126]\n Syria[117][118]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nNorth Yemen Civil War\n1962–1970\n Yemen Arab Republic\n Egypt[145]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Kingdom of Yemen\n Saudi Arabia[145]\n\nSupported by:\n Jordan[146]\n United Kingdom[146]\n United States\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nDhofar Rebellion\n1962–1976\n DLF (1962–1968)\n PFLOAG (1968–1974)\n NDFLOAG (1969–1971)\n PFLO (1974–1976)\n\nSupported by:\n China[147]\n Soviet Union[147]\n South Yemen[147]\n East Germany\n\n Oman[147]\nSupported by:\n Iran[147]\n Abu Dhabi[147]\n Saudi Arabia[147]\n United Kingdom[147]\n Jordan[147]\n Egypt[147]\n Pakistan[147]\n UAE[147]\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSarawak Communist Insurgency\n1962–1990\nCommunist forces:\n North Kalimantan Communist Party[148]\n\nSarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF)[149]\nNorth Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA)[149]\n\n\n Indonesia (1962–65) (troops aid)\nOther support:\n Brunei People's Party\n\nNorth Kalimantan National Army (NKNA)\n\nSupported by:\n China[149]\n Soviet Union\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n United Kingdom[150]\n\n Sarawak (until 1963)\n\n Malaysia\n\n Sarawak (after 1963)\n\nSupported by:\n Australia\n Brunei\n New Zealand\n United States\n\n Indonesia (after 1965) (Indo-Malay border)\n\nStalemate\n\n\nSand War\n1963\n Algeria\n\nSupported by:\n Egypt[151]\n Cuba\n Soviet Union\n\n Morocco\n\nSupported by:\n USA\n France\n\nStalemate\n\n\nAden Emergency\n1963–1967\n NLF\nFLOSY\n\nSupported by\n Egypt\n Yemen Arab Republic\n Soviet Union\n\n United Kingdom\n\n Federation of South Arabia\n\n\nSupported by\n United States\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nInsurgency in Northeast India\n1963–present\nACF\nAchik NLA\nAMLF\nANLCA\nAdivasi NLA\nANVC\nAPA\nAPLA\nATBR\nATBSF\nATF\nATPLO\n ATTF\nAYLF\nBCF\nBDFM\nBKI\nBMS\nBMS\nBNCT\nBNLF\nCKRF\nDHD (until 2013)\nDHDA\nDJNA\nGNLA\nGTF\nHALC\nHNLC\nHPCD\nHULA\n HuM\nINF\nIRF\nKCP\nKDF\nKIA\nKIF\nKKK\nKLA\n KLNLF\n KLO\nKNF\nKNLA\nKPLT\nKRA\nKYKL\nLAEF\nMNPF\nMULTA\n NDFB\nNLFB\nNLFT\n NSCN-IM\n PLA\nPLF-M\nPRA\nPREPAK\nRJC\nRNHPF\nRNSF\nSDFT\nSPLA\nSTF\nTATCF\nTLOF\nTMP\nTNA\nTNDTF\nTRRB\nTTACF\nTTSF\nUALA\nUANF\nUDKLF\nUILA\nUIRA\nUKDA\nUKLF\n ULFA\n UNLF\nUPLF\nZPC\n ZRA\nZRF\nZRV\nZUF\n\nSupported by:\n Arab League\n\n India\n Bhutan\n Bangladesh\n Burma\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Soviet Union\n Iran\n\nOngoing\n\n\nRhodesian Bush War\n1964–1979\n ZANLA (ZANU)\n FRELIMO[152] (until 25 June 1975)\n Mozambique (from 25 June 1975)\n\nSupported by:\n China[153]\n Libya\n Tanzania[154]\n Brazil\n\n ZIPRA (ZAPU)[155]\n MK (ANC)[155]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[153]\n Zambia\n Cuba[153]\n East Germany[153]\n\nFROLIZI\n\n Rhodesia\n(until 1 June 1979)\n Zimbabwe Rhodesia\n(from 1 June 1979)\n\nSupported by:\n South Africa\n Portugal\n(until 1974)\n\nStalemate\n\n\nDominican Civil War\n1965\n Constitutionalists\n Dominican Revolutionary Party[156]\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Cuba\n\n Dominican Republic\n United States\n Inter-American Peace Force\n\n Brazil\n Paraguay\n Nicaragua\n Costa Rica\n El Salvador\n Honduras[157]\n\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nChadian Civil War\n1965–1979\n FROLINAT\n GUNT\n Libya\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Chad\n France\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nCommunist insurgency in Thailand\n1965–1983\n Communist Party of Thailand\nThai United Patriotic Front\n\nSupported by:\n North Vietnam (until 1976)\n Vietnam (from 1976)\n China (from 1971)\n Pathet Lao [158][159]\n North Korea[159]\n Khmer Rouge (until 1978)[158]\n Soviet Union\n\n Thailand\n\n Royal Thai Armed Forces\n Royal Thai Police\nThai Paramilitaries\n\n Taiwan (until July 1967)\n\nKuomintang 49th Division[160]\nChinese Irregular Force (CIF)\n\n\nSupported by:\n Malaysia\n United States[158]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nBolivian Campaign\n1966–1967\nEjército de Liberación Nacional\n Cuba\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Bolivia\n United States\n\nCIA\n\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nKorean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)\n1966–1969\n North Korea\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n China\n\n South Korea\n United States\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSouth African Border War\n1966–1990\nAfrican nationalist forces:\n PLAN (SWAPO)\n SWANU\n\nSupported by:\n Cuba[161]\n MPLA[162]\n Soviet Union[163]\n China[164]\n Yugoslavia[165][166]\n Bulgaria[167][168]\n Tanzania[169][170]\n Zambia[171]\n Libya[172]\n Kenya[173]\n Algeria[174]\n Guyana[175]\n Brazil\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n South Africa\n\n South-West Africa\n\nSupported by:\n UNITA[176]\n United States\n United Kingdom\n Portugal (until 1975)\n\nStalemate\n\n\nNigerian Civil War\n1967–1970\n Nigeria\n\nSupported by:\n United Kingdom\n Soviet Union\n United States\n Canada Sudan\n Chad\n Niger\n Syria\n Saudi Arabia\n Algeria[177]\n Bulgaria[178]\n\n Biafra\n\nSupported by:\n South Africa\n Portugal[179]\n France\n Spain[180][181]\n Tanzania[182][183][184]\n Gabon\n Ivory Coast\n Zambia\n Rhodesia\n Haiti\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nNaxalite–Maoist insurgency\n1967–present\n Naxalites:\n\nCommunist Party of India (Maoist)\n\nPeople's Liberation Guerrilla Army\n\n\nCommunist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti\nCommunist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari\nCommunist Party of United States of India\nCommunist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy\nCommunist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)\n People's Liberation Army of Manipur\nTamil Nadu Liberation Army\nPurbo Banglar Communist Party\n\n\nSupported by:\n China[185]\n Pakistan[185]\n Mongolia\n Indonesia\n Afghanistan\n Algeria\n Bahrain\n Chad\n Comoros\n Djibouti\n Egypt\n Federation of Arab Republics (1972-1977)\n Iraq\n Jordan\n Kuwait\n Lebanon\n Libya\n Mauritania\n Morocco\n North Yemen (1967-1990)\n Oman\n Qatar\n Palestine\n Saudi Arabia\n Somalia\n South Yemen (1967-1990)\n Sudan\n Syria\n Tunisia\n United Arab Emirates\n United Arab Republic (1967-1972)\n Western Sahara\n Yemen (from 1990)\n Communist Party of Nepal—Maoist\n New People's Army[186]\n CIC (until 1977)\n\n India\n\nSupported by:\n Bangladesh\n Bhutan\n Nepal\n Iran\n Peshmerga\n\nRight-wing paramilitary groups:\nSalwa Judum\nRanvir Sena\nBajrang Dal\n\nOngoing\n\n\nYears of Lead\n1968–1982\nFar-left terrorist groups:\n Red Brigades\nFront Line\nOctober 22 Group\nPAC\nContinuous Struggle\nPO-AO\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union (alleged)\n\n Italian Government\n\nSISDE (Internal)\nSISMI (Foreign)\nItalian Armed Forces\nArm of Carabineers\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n\nFar-right terrorist groups:\n National Vanguard\nBlack Order\nNAR\nThird Position\nSupported by:\n United States (alleged)\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nCommunist insurgency in Malaysia\n1968–1989\nCommunist forces:\n Malayan Communist Party[187]\n\n Malayan National Liberation Army[187]\n\n\nSupported by:\n China[35][188]\n Soviet Union[188]\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n Malaysia[189]\n Thailand[190][191]\n\nSupported by:\n United Kingdom[192]\n Australia\n New Zealand[193]\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nOperation Condor\n1968–1989\nOpponents to the military juntas and right-wing governments in South America.\n\nSupported by:\n Poland\n Spain\n\n Chile\n Argentina\n Brazil\n Bolivia\n Paraguay\n Uruguay\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Peru\n Ecuador\n Colombia\n Venezuela\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nAl-Wadiah War\n1969\n South Yemen\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Saudi Arabia\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nCivil conflict in the Philippines\n1969–present\nCommunist forces:\n Communist Party\n\nNPA\n NDF\n Makabayan\n MLPP-\n\nRHB[194]\n\n APP[194]\n RPA[194]\n ABB[194]\n CPLA[194] (Until 2011)\n\n\n Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)[195]\n Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) (until 2014)\nMRLO[196]\nAmpatuan militias[197]\n\nSupported by:\n Malaysia (to MNLF and MILF)[198][199]\n People's Republic of China (1969–1976,[200] alleged continued support[citation needed])\n Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1980s–2011)[201][202](to MNLF)[203][204][205][206][207]\n North Korea[208][209]\n Vietnam (1980s)[204]\n Cuba (Alleged support[citation needed])\n\nAnti-communist forces:\n Philippines\n\nAlsa Masa (1986–?)[210]\nCAFGU\n\n\nSupported by:\n United States[211]\n\nOngoing\n\n\nYemenite War of 1972\n1972\n South Yemen\nNational Democratic Front\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Cuba\n East Germany\n Czechoslovakia\n Libya\n\n North Yemen\n\nSupported by:\n Saudi Arabia\n Jordan\n United States\n Republic of China\n United Kingdom\n West Germany\n\nStalemate\n\n\nAngolan Civil War\n1974–2002\n MPLA\n SWAPO\n MK\n Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[212]\n Cuba\n Tanzania[213]\n Mozambique[214]\n Czechoslovak Socialist Republic[215]\n Polish People's Republic\n Yugoslavia\n People's Republic of Bulgaria[216]\n Guyana[175]\n Portugal[217]\n (until 1989)\n India[215]\n North Korea\n Brazil\n\n UNITA\n FNLA\n FLEC\n\nSupported by:\n United States[218]\n People's Republic of China[218]\n South Africa\n Zambia[219]\n Morocco[220]\n Zaire\n Egypt\n France\n Belgium\n Burkina Faso (from 1987)\n Israel\n United Kingdom\n Rhodesia (until 1979)\n South Korea\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nEthiopian Civil War\n1974-1991\n People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[221]\n[135][139][140][141][222][223]\n North Korea\n Libya\n South Yemen[221]\n Tanzania\n East Germany (until 1990)[221][224][225]\n Bulgaria\n Cuba (1987–1991)[226]\n\nEthiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n United Kingdom\n China\n West Germany (until 1990)\n Germany (from 1990)\n Saudi Arabia\n Israel\n North Yemen\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nLebanese Civil War\n1975–1990\n LNM (until 1982)\n Jammoul (from 1982)\n PLO\n\nSupported by:\n Iraq\n Libya\n Algeria\n\n Amal Movement\n\n Hezbollah\n(from 1985)\n Iran (From 1980, mainly IRGC paramilitary units)\n\nSupported by:\n North Korea\n\nIslamic Unification Movement (from 1982)\n\n Syria\n\n LF\n AFL (until 1977)\nSLA (from 1976)\n Israel (from 1978)\n\nTigers Militia (until 1980)\n\nMarada Brigades (left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria)\n\n Lebanon\n United Nations UNIFIL (from 1978)\nMultinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984)\n United States\n France\n\n Arab Deterrent Force (1976–1987)\n Syria (1976, and from 1983)\n\nNeutral Parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation\n Kurds\n\nStalemate\n\n\nWestern Sahara War\n1975–1991\n Polisario Front\n\n SADR\n\n\nSupported by:\n Libya\n Algeria[227]\n Soviet Union\n\n Morocco\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Saudi Arabia\n Mauritania\n France\n\nStalemate\n\n\nIndonesian occupation of East Timor\n1975–1999\n East Timor (CNRM, later CNRT)\n\n FRETILIN (FALINTIL)\n UDT\n\nSupported by:\n Portugal\n Soviet Union\n Libya\n Free Aceh Movement\n China\n\n Indonesia\n\n Timor Timur\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Australia\n United Kingdom\n Canada\n Israel[228]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nCabinda War\n1975–present\n Angola\n\nSupported by:\n Cuba\n East Germany (until 1989)\n Soviet Union (until 1989)[229][230]\n Brazil\n\n FLEC\n\nFLEC-FAC\nFLEC-Renovada\nFLEC-N'Zita\nFLEC-Lubota\nUniao Nacional de Libertaçao de Cabinda\nCommunist Committee of Cabinda\n\n\nSupported by:\n France[231]\n Zaire[232]\n Belgium[233]\n World League for Freedom and Democracy[233]\n China (alleged)\n\nOngoing\n\n\nInsurgency in Laos\n1975–present\n Laos\n\nPathet Lao\nPro-govt. Hmong\nPro-govt. Chinese\n\n\nSupported by:\n Vietnam\n North Vietnam (to 1976)\n Soviet Union (to 1978)\n\nHmong insurgents\n\nLaotian Hmong\nThai Hmong\n\nEthnic Liberation Organization of Laos\n(1984–)\nUnited Front for the Liberation of Laos (1980–)\n\n Royal Lao Democratic Government (1982)\n\nChao Fa (to 1984)\nLao National Liberation Front\nLao United Independence Front\nFree Democratic Lao National Salvation Force\n National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (1979-1983: limited involv.)\n\nSupported by:\n China (PRC) (to 1988)\n[234]\n Democratic Kampuchea (to 1979)\n Khmer Rouge (1980 to 1981)\n Party of Democratic Kampuchea (1981 to 1990)\n Thailand (Rightists: early to mid-1980s) (Hmong: to 1990)\n United States (Hmong: 1990)\nNeo Hom (support. 1981-)[235][236]\n Royal Lao Government in Exile\nVarious Hmong exiles\n\nOngoing\n\n\nCivil conflict in Turkey\n1976–present\nTAK\nTKP/ML-TİKKO\nMKP-HKO-PHG\nMaoist Party\nMaoist Party Centre\n THKO\n Devrimci Yol\n Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union[237][238]\n China\n ASALA[239] (1970s–1988)\n Syria[237][240][241]\n Greece[242][243]\n Cyprus[237]\n Iran[237][244][245]\n Iraq[246]\n Libya[247]\n\n Turkey\n\nSupported by:\n NATO\n European Union\n USA\n United Kingdom\n\nOngoing\n\n\nShaba I\n1977\n Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)\nSupported by:\n Angola\n Cuba\n Soviet Union\n\n Zaire\nSupported by:\n United States[248]\n China[249]\n Sudan[249]\n Morocco\n Egypt\n France\n Belgium\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nOgaden War\n1977–1978\n Ethiopia\n\nSupported by:\n Cuba\n Soviet Union\n South Yemen\n North Korea\n East Germany\n\n Somalia\n WSLF\n\nSupported by:\n China\n Egypt\n Socialist Republic of Romania\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nCambodian-Vietnamese War\n1977-1991\n Vietnam (VPA)\n KUFNS\n People's Republic of Kampuchea (KPRAF) (after 10 January 1979)\n State of Cambodia (CPAF) (1989)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Laos\n\n Democratic Kampuchea (RAK)\n\nSupported by:\n China\n\nPost invasion:\nCGDK:\n\n NADK\n KPNLF\nFUNCINPEC\n FULRO\n\n\nSupported by:\n China\n United States(non-combat support)\n United Kingdom(non-combat support)\n\nSpillover conflict:\n Thailand (border clashes)\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nMozambican Civil War\n1977-1992\n FRELIMO\n\nSupported by:\n Malawi[108]\n Brazil\n Zimbabwe (from 1980)\n Tanzania\n Soviet Union\n Bulgaria\n Cuba\n\n RENAMO\n\nSupported by:\n Zimbabwe-Rhodesia\n South Africa[250]\n Malawi[108]\n United States\n Rhodesia\n\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nChittagong Hill Tracts conflict\n1977–1997\n Bangladesh\n\nBangladesh Armed Forces\nBorder Guards Bangladesh\nBangladesh Police\nBangladesh Armed Police\n\n\n Shanti Bahini\n\nSupported by:\n India[251][252]\n\nStalemate\n\n\nShaba II\n1978\n Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)\n\nSupported by\n Angola\n Cuba (alleged)\n Soviet Union (alleged)\n\n Zaire\n\nSupported by:\n France\n Belgium\n United States\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nUganda–Tanzania War\n1978–1979\n Tanzania\n UNLA\n Mozambique[253]\n Uganda\n Libya\n PLO[253][254]\nCombatant 1 Won\n\n\nNDF Rebellion\n1978–1982\n NDF\n\nSupported by:\n South Yemen\n Libya\n Soviet Union\n\n North Yemen\n Islamic Front\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Saudi Arabia\n Taiwan\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nChadian–Libyan conflict\n1978–1987\n Libya\n\nIslamic Legion[255]\n\n Chadian rebels\n\n FROLINAT\nGUNT (1979–86)\n\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n\n Chad\n\nFAT (1978–79)\nFAN (1978–83)\nFANT (1983–87)\nGUNT (1986–87)\n\n France\n Zaire[256]\n\nSupported by:\n United States[257]\n Egypt[255]\n Sudan[255]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nYemenite War of 1979\n1979\n South Yemen\nNational Democratic Front\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Cuba\n East Germany\n Czechoslovakia\n Libya\n\n North Yemen\n\nSupported by:\n Saudi Arabia\n Jordan\n United States\n Taiwan\n Iraq\n Egypt\n\nStalemate\n\n\nAfghan-Soviet War\n1979–1989\n Soviet Union\n Democratic Republic of Afghanistan\n\nSupported by:\n India[258][259]\n Libya\n\n Sunni Mujahideen:\n\nJamiat-e Islami\n\nShura-e Nazar\n\n\nGulbuddin faction\n\nMaktab al-Khadamat\n\n\nKhalis faction\nIttehad i-Islami\nIRM\nNLF\nNIFA\n\n\nSupported by:\n Pakistan[260]\n United States[261][262][263][264]\n United Kingdom[263][265][266]\n China[267]\n Saudi Arabia[262][263][268][269]\n West Germany[270][271]\n United Kingdom[271]\n Turkey[272]\n Egypt[273]\n France[271]\n Israel[274]\n Japan[274]\n\nShia Mujahedeen:\n\nHarakat i-Islami\nAfghan Hezbollah\nNasr Party (IVOA)\nCOIRGA\nShura Party\nIRM\nUOIF\nRaad Party\n\n\nSupported by:\n Iran[260]\n\nSmall Maoist groups:\n\nALO\nSAMA\nAMFFF\n\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSino-Vietnamese War\n1979\n Vietnam\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Laos\n\n People's Republic of China\nStalemate\n\n\nInternal conflict in Peru\n1980–present\n Shining Path\n\n\n MRTA (until 1997)\n\nSupported by:\n Soviet Union\n Cuba [275]\n Libyan Arab Jamahiriya[275]\n\n Peruvian Armed Forces\n\nNational Intelligence Service\nGrupo Colina\n\n Rondas Campesinas\n\nSupported by:\n United States\n Japan\n\nOngoing\n\n\nEthiopian–Somali Border War\n1982\n Ethiopia\nSomali rebels\nSupported by:\n Cuba[276]\n South Yemen[276]\n North Korea[276]\n\n Somalia\nSupported by:\n United States[276][277]\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nSri Lankan Civil War\n1983–2009\n Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam\n\nSupported by:\n Libya\n India (until 1987) [278][279][280][281]\n\n Sri Lanka\n India\n Maldives\n\nSupported by:\n United Nations\n Taiwan\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n\nThai–Laotian Border War\n1987–1988\n Laos\n Vietnam\n\nSupported by\n Soviet Union\n\n Thailand\n\nSupported by\n United States\n\nStalemate\n\n\nAfghan Civil War\n1989–1992\n Democratic Republic of Afghanistan\n\nSupported by\n Soviet Union\n\n Mujahideen\n\nSupported by\n United States\n Pakistan\n China[282]\n Saudi Arabia\n\nCombatant 2 Won\n\n" ]

[ "Chinese Civil War", "Greek Civil War" ]

[ "A sword is a bladed weapon intended for slashing or thrusting that is longer than a knife or dagger. The precise definition of the term varies with the historical epoch or the geographical region under consideration. A sword consists of a long blade attached to a hilt. The blade can be straight or curved. Thrusting swords have a pointed tip on the blade, and tend to be straighter; slashing swords have sharpened cutting edge on one or both sides of the blade, and are more likely to be curved. Many swords are designed for both thrusting and slashing." ]

[ "a bladed weapon intended for slashing or thrusting that is longer than a knife or dagger" ]

[ "\n\nBuffalo Bills\n\n\n Current season\n\n\nEstablished October 28, 1959; 58 years ago (October 28, 1959)[1]\nFirst season: 1960\nPlay in and headquartered in New Era Field\nOrchard Park, New York[2]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLogo\nWordmark\n\n\n\n\n\nLeague/conference affiliations\n\n\n\n\nAmerican Football League (1960–1969)\n\nEastern Division (1960–1969)\n\nNational Football League (1970–present)\n\nAmerican Football Conference (1970–present)\n\nAFC East (1970–present)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCurrent uniform\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTeam colors\n\nRoyal Blue, Red, White, Navy Blue[3][4]\n \n\n\nFight song\n\"Shout\", among others\n\n\nMascot\nBilly Buffalo\n\n\nPersonnel\n\n\nOwner(s)\nTerrence and Kim Pegula\n\n\nCEO\nTerrence Pegula\n\n\nPresident\nRuss Brandon\n\n\nGeneral manager\nBrandon Beane\n\n\nHead coach\nSean McDermott\n\n\nTeam history\n\n\n\n\n\nBuffalo Bills (1960–present)\n\n\n\n\n\nChampionships\n\n\n\nLeague championships (2)\n\nAFL Championships (2)\n1964, 1965\n\n\n\n\n\nConference championships (4)\n\nAFC: 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993\n\n\n\n\n\nDivision championships (10)\n\nAFL East: 1964, 1965, 1966\nAFC East: 1980, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1995\n\n\n\n\nPlayoff appearances (17)\n\n\n\n\nAFL: 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966\nNFL: 1974, 1980, 1981, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999\n\n\n\n\nHome fields\n\n\n\n\nWar Memorial Stadium (1960–1972)\nNew Era Field (1973–present)\n\n\n\n" ]

[ "2" ]

[ "The Godavari is India's second longest river after the Ganga. Its source is in Triambakeshwar, Maharashtra.[4] It flows east for 1,465 kilometres (910 mi) draining the states of Maharashtra (48.6%), Telangana (18.8%), Andhra Pradesh (4.5%), Chhattisgarh (10.9%), Madhya Pradesh (10.0%), Odisha (5.7%), Karnataka (1.4%) and Puducherry (Yanam) and emptying into Bay of Bengal through its extensive network of tributaries.[5] Measuring up to 312,812 km2 (120,777 sq mi), it forms one of the largest river basins in the Indian subcontinent, with only the Ganges and Indus rivers having a larger drainage basin.[6] In terms of length, catchment area and discharge, the Godavari river is the largest in peninsular India, and had been dubbed as the Dakshina Ganga – Ganges of the South.[7]\n" ]

[ "Godavari" ]

[ "This is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896. Since then, summer games have usually – but not always – celebrated a four-year period known as an Olympiad. There have been 28 Summer Olympic Games held in 24 cities, and 23 Winter Olympic Games held in 20 cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Tokyo/Helsinki (summer) and Sapporo/Garmisch-Partenkirchen (winter) in 1940; and London (summer) and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (winter) in 1944. The 1906 Summer Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens. However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games.[1] Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics, Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics, Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics." ]

[ "Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics" ]

[ "\n\n\"My Morning Straitjacket\"\n\n\nAmerican Dad! episode\n\n\nEpisode no.\nSeason 6\nEpisode 7\n\n\nDirected by\nChris Bennett\n\n\nWritten by\nMike Barker\n\n\nProduction code\n4AJN22\n\n\nOriginal air date\nNovember 22, 2009\n\n\nGuest appearance(s)\n\n\n\n\n\nZach Galifianakis as heavyset man/Norman\nJim James as himself\n\n\n\n\n\nEpisode chronology\n\n\n\n\n\n← Previous\n\"Shallow Vows\"\nNext →\n\"G-String Circus\"\n\n\n\n\n\nAmerican Dad! (season 6)\nList of American Dad! episodes\n\n" ]

[ "heavyset man/Norman" ]

[ "\"Eye of the Tiger\" is a song composed by American rock band Survivor. It was released as a single from their third album of the same name Eye of the Tiger and was also the theme song for the film Rocky III, which was released a day before the single. The song was written by Survivor guitarist Frankie Sullivan and keyboardist Jim Peterik, and was recorded at the request of Rocky III star, writer, and director Sylvester Stallone, after Queen denied him permission to use \"Another One Bites the Dust\", the song Stallone intended as the Rocky III theme.[2] The version of the song that appears in the movie is the demo version of the song. The movie version also contained tiger growls, something that did not appear on the album version. It features original Survivor singer Dave Bickler on lead vocals.[3]\n" ]

[ "Survivor" ]

[ "Thailand (/ˈtaɪlænd/ TY-land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a country at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces. At 513,120 km2 (198,120 sq mi) and over 68 million people, Thailand is the world's 50th largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, a special administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Although nominally a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, the most recent coup in 2014 established a de facto military dictatorship.\n" ]

[ "Thailand" ]

[ "\n\nAtomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki\n\n\nPart of the Pacific War of World War II\n\n\n\nAtomic bomb mushroom clouds over\nHiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right)\n\n\n\n\n\nDate\nAugust 6 and August 9, 1945\n\n\nLocation\nHiroshima and Nagasaki, Empire of Japan\n\n\nResult\nAllied victory\n\n\n\n\n\nBelligerents\n\n\n United States\nManhattan Project:\n United Kingdom\n Canada\n Japan\n\n\nCommanders and leaders\n\n\n William S. Parsons\n Paul W. Tibbets, Jr.\n Charles Sweeney\n Frederick Ashworth\n Shunroku Hata\n\n\nUnits involved\n\n\nManhattan District: 50 U.S., 2 British\n509th Composite Group: 1,770 U.S.\nSecond General Army:\nHiroshima: 40,000 (5 Anti-aircraft batteries)\nNagasaki: 9,000 (4 Anti-aircraft batteries)\n\n\nCasualties and losses\n\n\n20 British, Dutch, and American prisoners of war killed\n\nHiroshima:\n\n20,000 soldiers killed\n70,000–126,000 civilians killed\n\nNagasaki:\n\n39,000–80,000 killed\n\nTotal: 129,000–226,000+ killed\n\n" ]

[ "August 6 and August 9, 1945" ]

[ "\n\nSeason\nEpisodes\nOriginally released\n\n\n\n1\n13\nJuly 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)\n\n\n\n2\n13\nJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)\n\n\n\n3\n13\nJune 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)\n\n\n\n4\n13\nJune 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)\n\n\n\n5\n13\nJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)\n\n" ]

[ "13" ]

[ "Mayberry, North Carolina is a fictitious community that was the setting for two popular American television sitcoms, The Andy Griffith Show and Mayberry R.F.D. Mayberry was also the setting for a 1986 reunion television movie titled Return to Mayberry. Mayberry is said to be based on Andy Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Mount Airy is also known as Mayberry and this town is known by both names to the people who reside there.\n" ]

[ "North Carolina" ]

[ "In the original Broadway production, \"Some Enchanted Evening\" was sung by former Metropolitan Opera bass Ezio Pinza. Pinza won the Tony Award for Best Actor in 1950 for this role,[2] and the song made him a favorite with audiences and listeners who normally did not attend or listen to opera.[3] In the 2001 London revival of the show, Philip Quast won an Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role as Emile,[4] and seven years later, international opera singer Paulo Szot won a Tony for his portrayal in the 2008 New York revival.[5]" ]

[ "Ezio Pinza" ]

[ "Broken lines that are wider and closer together than regular broken lines are called continuity lines. Continuity lines on the left side of a lane denote that the lane is about to end and that motorists must soon merge left. Continuity lines on the right mean that the lane will continue, but traffic may merge into it ahead.[21]" ]

[ "continuity lines" ]

[ "Scientific consensus[citation needed] established time frames for the Migration Period as beginning with the invasion of Europe by the Huns in 375, and ending with the conquest of Italy by the Lombards in 568. Various factors contributed to this phenomenon as role and significance of each one is still very much discussed among experts on the subject. Starting in 382, the Roman Empire and individual tribes made treaties regarding their settlement in its territory. The Franks, a Germanic tribe which would later found Francia—a predecessor of modern France and Germany—settled in the Roman Empire and were given a task of securing the northeastern Gaul border. Western Roman rule was first violated with the Crossing of the Rhine and the following invasions of the Vandals and Suebi. With wars ensuing between various tribes, as well as local populations in the Western Roman Empire, more and more power was transferred to Germanic and Roman militaries.", "Scientific consensus[citation needed] established time frames for the Migration Period as beginning with the invasion of Europe by the Huns in 375, and ending with the conquest of Italy by the Lombards in 568. Various factors contributed to this phenomenon as role and significance of each one is still very much discussed among experts on the subject. Starting in 382, the Roman Empire and individual tribes made treaties regarding their settlement in its territory. The Franks, a Germanic tribe which would later found Francia—a predecessor of modern France and Germany—settled in the Roman Empire and were given a task of securing the northeastern Gaul border. Western Roman rule was first violated with the Crossing of the Rhine and the following invasions of the Vandals and Suebi. With wars ensuing between various tribes, as well as local populations in the Western Roman Empire, more and more power was transferred to Germanic and Roman militaries." ]

[ "Vandals", "Suebi." ]

[ "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto, Venetian: Zuan Chabotto; c. 1450 – c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of the mainland of North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed." ]

[ "John Cabot" ]

[ "\n\n\nList by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute2018 Fact Sheet (for 2017)[1]SIPRI Military Expenditure Database[3]\n\nList by the International Institute for Strategic StudiesTop 15 Defence Budgets 2017[4]\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRank\nCountry\nSpending ($ Bn.)\n% of GDP\n\n% of World share\n\n\n\nWorld total \n1,739\n2.2\n\n\n\n\n01\n United States\n857.4\n7.8\n\n35.0\n\n\n02\n People's Republic of China[a]\n228.0\n1.9\n\n13.0\n\n\n03\n Russia\n178.5\n15.7\n\n8.6\n\n\n04\n Saudi Arabia[a][b]\n69.4\n5.3\n\n4.0\n\n\n05\n India\n63.9\n2.5\n\n3.7\n\n\n06\n France\n57.8\n2.3\n\n3.3\n\n\n07\n United Kingdom\n47.2\n1.8\n\n2.7\n\n\n08\n Japan\n45.4\n0.9\n\n2.6\n\n\n09\n Germany\n44.3\n1.2\n\n2.5\n\n\n10\n South Korea\n39.2\n2.6\n\n2.3\n\n\n11\n Brazil\n29.3\n1.4\n\n1.7\n\n\n12\n Italy\n29.2\n1.7\n\n1.7\n\n\n13\n Australia\n27.5\n2.0\n\n1.6\n\n\n14\n Canada\n20.6\n1.3\n\n1.2\n\n\n15\n Turkey\n18.2\n2.2\n\n1.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRank\nCountry\nSpending ($ Bn.)\n\n\n01\n United States\n773.5\n\n\n02\n People's Republic of China\n175.8\n\n\n03\n Saudi Arabia\n76.7\n\n\n04\n Russia\n61.2\n\n\n05\n India\n52.5\n\n\n06\n United Kingdom\n50.7\n\n\n07\n France\n48.6\n\n\n08\n Japan\n46.0\n\n\n09\n Germany\n41.7\n\n\n10\n South Korea\n35.7\n\n\n11\n Brazil\n29.4\n\n\n12\n Australia\n25.0\n\n\n13\n Italy\n22.9\n\n\n14\n Israel\n21.6\n\n\n15\n Iraq\n19.4\n\n\n\n\n" ]

[ "7.8" ]

[ "Thomas James Kenny (born July 13, 1962) is an American actor, voice artist, and comedian. He is known for voicing the title character in the SpongeBob SquarePants TV series, video games, and films. Kenny has voiced many other characters including Heffer Wolfe in Rocko's Modern Life; the Ice King in Adventure Time; the Narrator and Mayor in The Powerpuff Girls; Carl Chryniszzswics in Johnny Bravo; Dog in CatDog; and Spyro from the Spyro the Dragon video game series. His live-action work includes the comedy variety shows The Edge and Mr. Show. Kenny has won a Daytime Emmy Award and two Annie Awards for his voice work as SpongeBob SquarePants and the Ice King.\n" ]

[ "Thomas James Kenny" ]

[ "\"Africa\" is a song by the American rock band Toto. It was included on their 1982 album Toto IV, and released as a single on September 30, 1982. It reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart on February 5, 1983 (the band's only number one there), and number three on the UK Singles Chart the same month. The song was written by the band's keyboardist/vocalist David Paich and drummer Jeff Porcaro." ]

[ "1982" ]

[ "Canada first came under British rule with the Treaty of Paris (1763) which ceded New France, of which Canada was a part, to the British Empire. Gradually, other territories, colonies, and provinces that were part of British North America would be added to Canada. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 enlarged the colony of Canada under the name of the Province of Quebec, which with the Constitutional Act 1791 became known as The Canadas. With the Act of Union 1840 Upper and Lower Canada were joined to become the United Province of Canada. Later, with Confederation in 1867, the British maritime colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were joined with the British colony of Canada to form the Dominion of Canada, which was subsequently divided into four provinces, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. A number of other British colonies, such as Newfoundland and British Columbia, and large territories such as Rupert's Land initially remained outside of the newly formed federation. Over time, the remaining colonies and territories within British North America came under the control of Canada until the current geographic extent of the country was reached when Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949.[1][2] Although confederation in 1867 led to an enlarged Dominion with increased autonomy over domestic affairs, Canada still remained a colony within the British Empire and was thus subordinate to the British Parliament until the enactment of the Statute of Westminster in 1931. This statute recognized Canada as an independent peer coequal with the United Kingdom, and thus provided the Parliament of Canada with legislative sovereignty over all federal matters except the power to change the constitutional laws of Canada which remained under the purview of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada's final vestige of legal dependence on the United Kingdom was terminated in 1982 with the enactment of the Canada Act, subsequently providing Canada with full legal sovereignty completely independent of the United Kingdom." ]

[ "1982" ]

[ "Memphis Belle is a Boeing B-17F Flying Fortress used during the Second World War that inspired the making of two motion pictures: a 1944 documentary film, Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress, and a 1990 Hollywood feature film, Memphis Belle. The aircraft was one of the first United States Army Air Forces B-17 heavy bombers to complete 25 combat missions. The aircraft and crew then returned to the United States to sell war bonds.[2] In 2005, restoration began on the aircraft at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio where, from May 2018, it is on display.[3][4]\n" ]

[ "one of the first" ]

[ "The Big Five personality traits, also known as the five factor model (FFM), is a model based on common language descriptors of personality. When factor analysis (a statistical technique) is applied to personality survey data, some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person. For example, someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as \"always prepared\" rather than \"messy\". This theory is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments. This theory uses descriptors of common language and therefore suggests five broad dimensions commonly used to describe the human personality and psyche.[1][2] The five factors have been defined as openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, often represented by the acronyms OCEAN or CANOE. Beneath each proposed global factor, there are a number of correlated and more specific primary factors. For example, extraversion is said to include such related qualities as gregariousness, assertiveness, excitement seeking, warmth, activity, and positive emotions.[3]" ]

[ "openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism" ]

[ "Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show, and the main card featured two bouts that were the titular match type. The male ladder match, which was the main event, was won by Baron Corbin, who earned a contract for a WWE Championship match, and Carmella controversially won the first-ever women's ladder match to earn a SmackDown Women's Championship match contract. In another prominent match, Jinder Mahal defeated Randy Orton to retain the WWE Championship. The event was also notable for the televised in-ring debut of Lana, who lost her SmackDown Women's Championship match to Naomi, the return of Maria Kanellis, who had last performed in WWE in 2010, and the WWE debut appearance of her husband Mike Kanellis." ]

[ "Baron Corbin" ]

[ "The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed its adoption. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War." ]

[ "The Thirteenth" ]

[ "The inquiry was established by the federal Attorney-General, Michael Lavarch, on 11 May 1995, in response to efforts made by key Indigenous agencies and communities concerned that the general public's ignorance of the history of forcible removal was hindering the recognition of the needs of its victims and their families and the provision of services.[2] The 680-page report was tabled in Federal Parliament on 26 May 1997.[3]" ]

[ "on 11 May 1995" ]

[ "Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory arguing that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation.[1][2] According to supply-side economics, consumers will then benefit from a greater supply of goods and services at lower prices and employment will increase.[3] It was started by economist Robert Mundell during the Ronald Reagan administration." ]

[ "the Ronald Reagan administration" ]

[ "\n\nDate\nInitiator Nation(s)\nTargeted Nation(s)\nDeclaration of War: Type\nNotes/Comments\nDocument/Event\n\n\n1939-09-01\n Nazi Germany\n Poland\nA[3][4]\nGerman attack began at 4:44 am[3][5]\nInvasion\n\n\n1939-09-01\n Slovak Republic\n Poland\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1939-09-03\n United Kingdom\n France\n Nazi Germany\nU[3][4]\nAt 11 a.m., British PM, Neville Chamberlain publicly delivered his Ultimatum Speech.[4][6][7]\nDocument\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1939-09-03\n Australia\n New Zealand\n Nazi Germany\nW[3][4]\n\n\nAustralia\nNew Zealand\n\n\n\n1939-09-04\n Nepal\n Nazi Germany\nW\n\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1939-09-06\n South Africa\n Nazi Germany\nW[3][4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1939-09-10\n Bahrain\n Canada\n Oman\n Nazi Germany\nW[3][4]\n\nDeclaration\nDeclaration\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1939-09-17\n Soviet Union\n Poland\nA[3][4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1939-11-30\n Soviet Union\n Finland\nA[3][4]\nFirst war between these nations.\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-04-09\n Nazi Germany\n Denmark\n Norway\nA[3]\n\nInvasion of Denmark\nInvasion of Norway\n\n\n1940-04-12\n United Kingdom\nFaroe Islands\nA[4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-05-10\n Nazi Germany\n Belgium\n Netherlands\nA/W[3][4]\nDate of the German offensive in the West, W from Belgium and the Netherlands.[8]\n\nBelgium\nNetherlands\n\n\n\n1940-05-10\n Nazi Germany\n Luxembourg\nA[4]\n\nLuxembourg\n\n\n1940-05-10\n United Kingdom\n Iceland\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-06-10\n Italy\n France\n United Kingdom\nW[3][4]\n\nFrance and the UK\n\n\n1940-06-10\n Canada\n Italy\nW[3]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1940-06-11\n South Africa\n Australia\n New Zealand\n Italy\nW[3]\n\n\nSouth Africa\nAustralia\nNew Zealand\n\n\n\n1940-06-11\n France\n Italy\nW[3]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1940-06-16\n Soviet Union\n Lithuania\nA\n\nOccupation\n\n\n1940-06-17\n Soviet Union\n Estonia\n Latvia\nA\n\nOccupation\n\n\n1940-06-25\n United Kingdom\n Vichy France\nA\nVichy France cuts off diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 8 July 1940.\nAttack\n\n\n1940-09-09\n Italy\n Egypt\nA\nEgypt maintained neutrality until 1945.\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-09-22\n Japan\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-09-23\n Free France\n Australia\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-10-??\n Thailand\n Vichy France\nA\n\nFranco-Thai War\n\n\n1940-10-28\n Italy\n Greece\nU[4]\nItaly invades Greece\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-02-05\n Free France\n Italy\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-04-06\n Nazi Germany\n Greece\nW[3][4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-04-06\n Nazi Germany\n Bulgaria\n Yugoslavia\nA[3][4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-04-06\n Italy\n Hungary\n Yugoslavia\nA[4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-04-14\n Nazi Germany\n Egypt\nA\nEgypt maintained neutrality until 1945.\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-05-02\n United Kingdom\n Iraq\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-06-08\n Free France\n Nazi Germany\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-06-22\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Romania\n Soviet Union\nA[3][4]\nA timed-declaration of war was given by Germany at the time of the attack[9]\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-06-22\n\nTuva\n Nazi Germany\nW\nTuva was a client state of the Soviet Union. Part of the USSR from 1944.\n\n\n1941-06-25\n Finland\n Soviet Union\nW\nFinland recognized a state of war with the Soviet Union; second war between these nations.\nContinuation War\n\n\n1941-06-27\n Hungary\n Soviet Union\nW[4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-08-25\n Soviet Union\n United Kingdom\n Australia\n Iran\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-12-06\n United Kingdom\n Finland\nU[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-07\n United Kingdom\n Romania\n Hungary\nU[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-07\n Japan\n United States\n United Kingdom\nA[3]\nW (Japanese point of view); A The \"Western\" (Attack on Pearl Harbor);\n\nDeclaration\nAttack on Pearl Harbor\nInvasion of Malaya\nAttack on Singapore\nInvasion of Hong Kong\n\n\n\n1941-12-07\n Canada\n Australia\n New Zealand\n Japan\n Finland\n Romania\n Hungary\nW[4]\n\n\nCanada\nAustralia\nNew Zealand\n\n\n\n1941-12-07\n United Kingdom\n Romania\n Finland\n Hungary\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-07\n Panama\n Japan\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-08\n United States\n United Kingdom\n Australia\n Philippines\n Costa Rica\n Dominican Republic\n El Salvador\n Guatemala\n Haiti\n Honduras\n Netherlands\n New Zealand\n Nicaragua\n Japan\nW[4]\n\nBritish declaration\nAustralian declaration Cost Rican declaration Dominican Republic's declaration Salvadorian declaration Haitian declaration Honduran declaration Dutch declaration New Zealand's declaration Nicaraguan declaration Philippine declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-08\n South Africa\n Japan\nW[4]\n\nSouth African declaration\n\n\n1941-12-08\n China\n\n Italy\n Japan\nW[4]\nChina and Japan had been at war since 1937\nSecond Sino-Japanese war\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-08\n Mongolia\n Nazi Germany\nW[citation needed]\n\n\nMongolian declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-09\n Australia\n New Zealand\n Japan\nW[4]\n\n\nAustralian declaration\nNew Zealand's declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-11\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n United States\nW[3][4]\n\n\nGerman declaration\nItalian declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-11\n United States\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\nW[3]\n\nGermany\nItaly\n\n\n\n1941-12-11\n Poland (in-exile)\n Japan\nW[3]\nJapan rejected declaration of War. Prime Minister Hideki Tōjō's answer was following: \"We don't accept the Polish declaration of war. The Poles, fighting for their freedom, declared war under the British pressure\".\n\n\n\n1941-12-12\n Romania\n Bulgaria\n United States\n United Kingdom\nW[4]\n\n\nRomanian declaration\nBulgarian declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-12\n Australia\n Netherlands\n Portugal\nA\nPortugal maintained neutrality throughout World War II.\n\nInvasion\n\n\n\n1941-12-13\n United Kingdom\n New Zealand\n South Africa\n Bulgaria\nW[4]\n\n\nBritish declaration\nNew Zealand's declaration\nSouth African declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-13\n Hungary\n United States\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-14\n Independent State of Croatia\n United States\n United Kingdom\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-16\n Czechoslovakia (In-exile)\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Finland\n Romania\n Hungary\n Japan\n Bulgaria\n Independent State of Croatia[10]\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-17\n Albania\n United States\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-19\n Nicaragua\n Bulgaria\n Hungary\n Romania\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-20\n Belgium\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-01-01\nUnited Nations\nAxis Powers\nW\nDeclared during Arcadia Conference\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-01-06\n Australia\n Bulgaria\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-01-16\n Iraq\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-01-25\n United Kingdom\n New Zealand\n South Africa\n Thailand\nW\n\n\nBritish declaration\nNew Zealand's declaration\nSouth African declaration\n\n\n\n1942-01-19\n Japan\n Portugal\nA\nPortugal maintained neutrality throughout World War II.\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-05-05\n South Africa\n Netherlands (in-exile)\n Poland\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-05-05\n United Kingdom\n Northern Rhodesia\n Southern Rhodesia\n South Africa\n Tanganyika\n Belgian Congo\n Vichy France\n Japan\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-05-22\n Mexico\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Japan\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-08-22\n Brazil\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-11-08\n United States\n Canada\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-11-10\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-12-14\n Ethiopia\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Japan\nW\nOn 3 October 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia without a formal declaration of war. In response to the Italian invasion, Ethiopia declared war on Italy. Most of Ethiopia was occupied by Italy in 1936, however parts of Ethiopia remained under the control of the Ethiopian Patriots Movement, which begun its guerrilla war against the occupying Italian forces the day Addis Ababa fell in May 1936. In May 1941, Addis Ababa was liberated by the Gideon Force, restoring sovereignty to Ethiopia.\nSecond Italo-Ethiopian War\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1943-09-01\n China Regime of Wang Jingwei\nAllied Powers\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1943-04-02\n Bolivia\nAxis Powers\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1943-09-09\n Iran\n Nazi Germany\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1943-10-13\n Italy\n Nazi Germany\nW[3]\nItaly had changed side after the fall of Mussolini. The Declaration of War was given by Pietro Badoglio to the German ambassador in Madrid.[3]\nDeclaration\n\n\n1943-11-26\n Colombia\n Nazi Germany\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-01-17\n Free France\n Italian Social Republic\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1944-01-27\n Liberia\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-06-06\n\n France\n Nazi Germany\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1944-07-25\n\n France\n Japan\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1944-08-25\n Romania\n Nazi Germany\n Hungary\nW\nRomania switched sides\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-09-05\n Soviet Union\n Bulgaria\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-09-08\n Bulgaria\n Nazi Germany\nW\nBulgaria switched sides\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-09-15\n Nazi Germany\n Finland\nA\n\nLapland War\n\n\n1944-09-23\n Philippines\n United States\n United Kingdom\nW[11]\n\nLapland War\n\n\n1944-12-31\n Hungary\n Nazi Germany\nW[12]\nHungary switched sides\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-02\n Ecuador\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nEcuadorian declaration\n\n\n1945-02-07\n Argentina\n Paraguay\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\n\nArgentinean declaration\nParaguayan declaration\n\n\n\n1942-02-12\n Peru\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-15\n Venezuela\n Uruguay\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\n\nVenezuelan declaration\nUruguayan declaration\n\n\n\n1945-02-21\n San Marino\n Nazi Germany\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-23\n Turkey\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-24\n Egypt\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-26\n Syria\n Lebanon\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-04-01\n Saudi Arabia\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-04-03\n Finland\n Nazi Germany\nW\nFinland switched sides\nLapland War\n\n\n1945-04-11\n Chile\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-07-06\n Brazil\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-07-14\n Italy\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-08-08\n Soviet Union\n Japan\nW[3]\nLast outbreak of war during the entire Second World War.\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-08-10\n Mongolia\n Japan\nW[13]\nW (de jure) A (de facto 1945-08-09) War declared 24 hours after crossing the border with Soviet troops\n\nSoviet Invasion of Manchuria Mongolia in World War II\n\n\n", "\n\nDate\nInitiator Nation(s)\nTargeted Nation(s)\nDeclaration of War: Type\nNotes/Comments\nDocument/Event\n\n\n1939-09-01\n Nazi Germany\n Poland\nA[3][4]\nGerman attack began at 4:44 am[3][5]\nInvasion\n\n\n1939-09-01\n Slovak Republic\n Poland\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1939-09-03\n United Kingdom\n France\n Nazi Germany\nU[3][4]\nAt 11 a.m., British PM, Neville Chamberlain publicly delivered his Ultimatum Speech.[4][6][7]\nDocument\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1939-09-03\n Australia\n New Zealand\n Nazi Germany\nW[3][4]\n\n\nAustralia\nNew Zealand\n\n\n\n1939-09-04\n Nepal\n Nazi Germany\nW\n\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1939-09-06\n South Africa\n Nazi Germany\nW[3][4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1939-09-10\n Bahrain\n Canada\n Oman\n Nazi Germany\nW[3][4]\n\nDeclaration\nDeclaration\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1939-09-17\n Soviet Union\n Poland\nA[3][4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1939-11-30\n Soviet Union\n Finland\nA[3][4]\nFirst war between these nations.\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-04-09\n Nazi Germany\n Denmark\n Norway\nA[3]\n\nInvasion of Denmark\nInvasion of Norway\n\n\n1940-04-12\n United Kingdom\nFaroe Islands\nA[4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-05-10\n Nazi Germany\n Belgium\n Netherlands\nA/W[3][4]\nDate of the German offensive in the West, W from Belgium and the Netherlands.[8]\n\nBelgium\nNetherlands\n\n\n\n1940-05-10\n Nazi Germany\n Luxembourg\nA[4]\n\nLuxembourg\n\n\n1940-05-10\n United Kingdom\n Iceland\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-06-10\n Italy\n France\n United Kingdom\nW[3][4]\n\nFrance and the UK\n\n\n1940-06-10\n Canada\n Italy\nW[3]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1940-06-11\n South Africa\n Australia\n New Zealand\n Italy\nW[3]\n\n\nSouth Africa\nAustralia\nNew Zealand\n\n\n\n1940-06-11\n France\n Italy\nW[3]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1940-06-16\n Soviet Union\n Lithuania\nA\n\nOccupation\n\n\n1940-06-17\n Soviet Union\n Estonia\n Latvia\nA\n\nOccupation\n\n\n1940-06-25\n United Kingdom\n Vichy France\nA\nVichy France cuts off diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 8 July 1940.\nAttack\n\n\n1940-09-09\n Italy\n Egypt\nA\nEgypt maintained neutrality until 1945.\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-09-22\n Japan\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-09-23\n Free France\n Australia\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1940-10-??\n Thailand\n Vichy France\nA\n\nFranco-Thai War\n\n\n1940-10-28\n Italy\n Greece\nU[4]\nItaly invades Greece\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-02-05\n Free France\n Italy\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-04-06\n Nazi Germany\n Greece\nW[3][4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-04-06\n Nazi Germany\n Bulgaria\n Yugoslavia\nA[3][4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-04-06\n Italy\n Hungary\n Yugoslavia\nA[4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-04-14\n Nazi Germany\n Egypt\nA\nEgypt maintained neutrality until 1945.\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-05-02\n United Kingdom\n Iraq\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-06-08\n Free France\n Nazi Germany\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-06-22\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Romania\n Soviet Union\nA[3][4]\nA timed-declaration of war was given by Germany at the time of the attack[9]\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-06-22\n\nTuva\n Nazi Germany\nW\nTuva was a client state of the Soviet Union. Part of the USSR from 1944.\n\n\n1941-06-25\n Finland\n Soviet Union\nW\nFinland recognized a state of war with the Soviet Union; second war between these nations.\nContinuation War\n\n\n1941-06-27\n Hungary\n Soviet Union\nW[4]\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-08-25\n Soviet Union\n United Kingdom\n Australia\n Iran\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1941-12-06\n United Kingdom\n Finland\nU[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-07\n United Kingdom\n Romania\n Hungary\nU[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-07\n Japan\n United States\n United Kingdom\nA[3]\nW (Japanese point of view); A The \"Western\" (Attack on Pearl Harbor);\n\nDeclaration\nAttack on Pearl Harbor\nInvasion of Malaya\nAttack on Singapore\nInvasion of Hong Kong\n\n\n\n1941-12-07\n Canada\n Australia\n New Zealand\n Japan\n Finland\n Romania\n Hungary\nW[4]\n\n\nCanada\nAustralia\nNew Zealand\n\n\n\n1941-12-07\n United Kingdom\n Romania\n Finland\n Hungary\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-07\n Panama\n Japan\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-08\n United States\n United Kingdom\n Australia\n Philippines\n Costa Rica\n Dominican Republic\n El Salvador\n Guatemala\n Haiti\n Honduras\n Netherlands\n New Zealand\n Nicaragua\n Japan\nW[4]\n\nBritish declaration\nAustralian declaration Cost Rican declaration Dominican Republic's declaration Salvadorian declaration Haitian declaration Honduran declaration Dutch declaration New Zealand's declaration Nicaraguan declaration Philippine declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-08\n South Africa\n Japan\nW[4]\n\nSouth African declaration\n\n\n1941-12-08\n China\n\n Italy\n Japan\nW[4]\nChina and Japan had been at war since 1937\nSecond Sino-Japanese war\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-08\n Mongolia\n Nazi Germany\nW[citation needed]\n\n\nMongolian declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-09\n Australia\n New Zealand\n Japan\nW[4]\n\n\nAustralian declaration\nNew Zealand's declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-11\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n United States\nW[3][4]\n\n\nGerman declaration\nItalian declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-11\n United States\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\nW[3]\n\nGermany\nItaly\n\n\n\n1941-12-11\n Poland (in-exile)\n Japan\nW[3]\nJapan rejected declaration of War. Prime Minister Hideki Tōjō's answer was following: \"We don't accept the Polish declaration of war. The Poles, fighting for their freedom, declared war under the British pressure\".\n\n\n\n1941-12-12\n Romania\n Bulgaria\n United States\n United Kingdom\nW[4]\n\n\nRomanian declaration\nBulgarian declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-12\n Australia\n Netherlands\n Portugal\nA\nPortugal maintained neutrality throughout World War II.\n\nInvasion\n\n\n\n1941-12-13\n United Kingdom\n New Zealand\n South Africa\n Bulgaria\nW[4]\n\n\nBritish declaration\nNew Zealand's declaration\nSouth African declaration\n\n\n\n1941-12-13\n Hungary\n United States\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-14\n Independent State of Croatia\n United States\n United Kingdom\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-16\n Czechoslovakia (In-exile)\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Finland\n Romania\n Hungary\n Japan\n Bulgaria\n Independent State of Croatia[10]\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-17\n Albania\n United States\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-19\n Nicaragua\n Bulgaria\n Hungary\n Romania\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1941-12-20\n Belgium\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-01-01\nUnited Nations\nAxis Powers\nW\nDeclared during Arcadia Conference\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-01-06\n Australia\n Bulgaria\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-01-16\n Iraq\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-01-25\n United Kingdom\n New Zealand\n South Africa\n Thailand\nW\n\n\nBritish declaration\nNew Zealand's declaration\nSouth African declaration\n\n\n\n1942-01-19\n Japan\n Portugal\nA\nPortugal maintained neutrality throughout World War II.\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-05-05\n South Africa\n Netherlands (in-exile)\n Poland\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-05-05\n United Kingdom\n Northern Rhodesia\n Southern Rhodesia\n South Africa\n Tanganyika\n Belgian Congo\n Vichy France\n Japan\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-05-22\n Mexico\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Japan\nW[4]\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-08-22\n Brazil\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1942-11-08\n United States\n Canada\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-11-10\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Vichy France\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1942-12-14\n Ethiopia\n Nazi Germany\n Italy\n Japan\nW\nOn 3 October 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia without a formal declaration of war. In response to the Italian invasion, Ethiopia declared war on Italy. Most of Ethiopia was occupied by Italy in 1936, however parts of Ethiopia remained under the control of the Ethiopian Patriots Movement, which begun its guerrilla war against the occupying Italian forces the day Addis Ababa fell in May 1936. In May 1941, Addis Ababa was liberated by the Gideon Force, restoring sovereignty to Ethiopia.\nSecond Italo-Ethiopian War\nDeclaration\n\n\n\n1943-09-01\n China Regime of Wang Jingwei\nAllied Powers\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1943-04-02\n Bolivia\nAxis Powers\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1943-09-09\n Iran\n Nazi Germany\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1943-10-13\n Italy\n Nazi Germany\nW[3]\nItaly had changed side after the fall of Mussolini. The Declaration of War was given by Pietro Badoglio to the German ambassador in Madrid.[3]\nDeclaration\n\n\n1943-11-26\n Colombia\n Nazi Germany\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-01-17\n Free France\n Italian Social Republic\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1944-01-27\n Liberia\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-06-06\n\n France\n Nazi Germany\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1944-07-25\n\n France\n Japan\nA\n\nInvasion\n\n\n1944-08-25\n Romania\n Nazi Germany\n Hungary\nW\nRomania switched sides\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-09-05\n Soviet Union\n Bulgaria\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-09-08\n Bulgaria\n Nazi Germany\nW\nBulgaria switched sides\nDeclaration\n\n\n1944-09-15\n Nazi Germany\n Finland\nA\n\nLapland War\n\n\n1944-09-23\n Philippines\n United States\n United Kingdom\nW[11]\n\nLapland War\n\n\n1944-12-31\n Hungary\n Nazi Germany\nW[12]\nHungary switched sides\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-02\n Ecuador\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nEcuadorian declaration\n\n\n1945-02-07\n Argentina\n Paraguay\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\n\nArgentinean declaration\nParaguayan declaration\n\n\n\n1942-02-12\n Peru\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-15\n Venezuela\n Uruguay\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\n\nVenezuelan declaration\nUruguayan declaration\n\n\n\n1945-02-21\n San Marino\n Nazi Germany\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-23\n Turkey\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-24\n Egypt\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-02-26\n Syria\n Lebanon\n Nazi Germany\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-04-01\n Saudi Arabia\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-04-03\n Finland\n Nazi Germany\nW\nFinland switched sides\nLapland War\n\n\n1945-04-11\n Chile\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-07-06\n Brazil\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-07-14\n Italy\n Japan\nW\n\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-08-08\n Soviet Union\n Japan\nW[3]\nLast outbreak of war during the entire Second World War.\nDeclaration\n\n\n1945-08-10\n Mongolia\n Japan\nW[13]\nW (de jure) A (de facto 1945-08-09) War declared 24 hours after crossing the border with Soviet troops\n\nSoviet Invasion of Manchuria Mongolia in World War II\n\n\n" ]

[ "Bulgaria", "Japan" ]

[ "The first Rugby World Cup was held in 1987, hosted by Australia and New Zealand who pushed for the tournament to be approved. Since the first tournament, 7 others have been held at four-year intervals.[1] The 2015 tournament was won by New Zealand, the cup was held from 19 September 2015 till 31 October 2015. It was held in England and Wales.\n" ]

[ "Australia and New Zealand" ]

[ "\n\n\nSeason\n\nFranchise\n\nLeague\n\nWins\n\nLosses\n\nPct.\n\nGames Played\n\nFinish\n\n\n1906\nChicago Cubs\nNL\n116\n36\n.763\n152\nLost 1906 World Series\n\n\n1902\nPittsburgh Pirates\nNL\n103\n36\n.741\n139\nNational League Champions\n\n\n1886\nChicago White Stockings\nNL\n90\n34\n.726\n124\nNational League Champions\n\n\n1909\nPittsburgh Pirates\nNL\n110\n42\n.724\n152\nWon 1909 World Series\n\n\n1954\nCleveland Indians\nAL\n111\n43\n.721\n154\nLost 1954 World Series\n\n\n2001\nSeattle Mariners\nAL\n116\n46\n.716\n162\nLost 2001 ALCS\n\n\n1927\nNew York Yankees\nAL\n110\n44\n.714\n154\nWon 1927 World Series\n\n\n1886\nDetroit Wolverines\nNL\n87\n36\n.707\n123\n2nd place in National League\n\n\n1897\nBoston Beaneaters\nNL\n93\n39\n.705\n132\nLost 1897 Temple Cup\n\n\n1907\nChicago Cubs\nNL\n107\n45\n.704\n152\nWon 1907 World Series\n\n\n1931\nPhiladelphia Athletics\nAL\n107\n45\n.704\n152\nLost 1931 World Series\n\n\n1998\nNew York Yankees\nAL\n114\n48\n.704\n162\nWon 1998 World Series\n\n\n1887\nSt. Louis Browns\nAA\n95\n40\n.704\n135\nLost 1887 World Series\n\n\n1939\nNew York Yankees\nAL\n106\n45\n.702\n152\nWon 1939 World Series\n", "\n\n\nSeason\n\nFranchise\n\nLeague\n\nWins\n\nLosses\n\nPct.\n\nGames Played\n\nFinish\n\n\n1906\nChicago Cubs\nNL\n116\n36\n.763\n152\nLost 1906 World Series\n\n\n1902\nPittsburgh Pirates\nNL\n103\n36\n.741\n139\nNational League Champions\n\n\n1886\nChicago White Stockings\nNL\n90\n34\n.726\n124\nNational League Champions\n\n\n1909\nPittsburgh Pirates\nNL\n110\n42\n.724\n152\nWon 1909 World Series\n\n\n1954\nCleveland Indians\nAL\n111\n43\n.721\n154\nLost 1954 World Series\n\n\n2001\nSeattle Mariners\nAL\n116\n46\n.716\n162\nLost 2001 ALCS\n\n\n1927\nNew York Yankees\nAL\n110\n44\n.714\n154\nWon 1927 World Series\n\n\n1886\nDetroit Wolverines\nNL\n87\n36\n.707\n123\n2nd place in National League\n\n\n1897\nBoston Beaneaters\nNL\n93\n39\n.705\n132\nLost 1897 Temple Cup\n\n\n1907\nChicago Cubs\nNL\n107\n45\n.704\n152\nWon 1907 World Series\n\n\n1931\nPhiladelphia Athletics\nAL\n107\n45\n.704\n152\nLost 1931 World Series\n\n\n1998\nNew York Yankees\nAL\n114\n48\n.704\n162\nWon 1998 World Series\n\n\n1887\nSt. Louis Browns\nAA\n95\n40\n.704\n135\nLost 1887 World Series\n\n\n1939\nNew York Yankees\nAL\n106\n45\n.702\n152\nWon 1939 World Series\n" ]

[ "Chicago Cubs", "Seattle Mariners" ]

[ "Arkansas (/ˈɑːrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw[c]) is a state in the southeastern region of the United States, home to over 3 million people as of 2017.[7][8] Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the Quapaw Indians.[9] The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta." ]

[ "Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the Quapaw Indians" ]

[ "\n\nThe Dark Tower\n\n\n\nTheatrical release poster\n\n\n\nDirected by\nNikolaj Arcel\n\n\nProduced by\n\n\n\nAkiva Goldsman\nRon Howard\nErica Huggins\n\n\n\n\n\nScreenplay by\n\n\n\nAkiva Goldsman\nJeff Pinkner\nAnders Thomas Jensen\nNikolaj Arcel\n\n\n\n\n\nBased on\nThe Dark Tower\nby Stephen King\n\n\nStarring\n\n\n\nIdris Elba\nMatthew McConaughey\nTom Taylor\nClaudia Kim\nFran Kranz\nAbbey Lee\nJackie Earle Haley\n\n\n\n\n\nMusic by\nTom Holkenborg\n\n\nCinematography\nRasmus Videbæk\n\n\nEdited by\n\n\n\nAlan Edward Bell\nDan Zimmerman\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProduction\ncompany\n\n\n\n\n\nMRC\nImagine Entertainment\nWeed Road\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDistributed by\nColumbia Pictures\n\n\n\nRelease date\n\n\n\n\nJuly 31, 2017 (2017-07-31) (Museum of Modern Art)\nAugust 4, 2017 (2017-08-04) (United States)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRunning time\n\n95 minutes[1]\n\n\nCountry\nUnited States\n\n\nLanguage\nEnglish\n\n\nBudget\n$60 million[2]\n\n\nBox office\n$107.1 million[3]\n\n", "\n\nThe Dark Tower\n\n\n\nTheatrical release poster\n\n\n\nDirected by\nNikolaj Arcel\n\n\nProduced by\n\n\n\nAkiva Goldsman\nRon Howard\nErica Huggins\n\n\n\n\n\nScreenplay by\n\n\n\nAkiva Goldsman\nJeff Pinkner\nAnders Thomas Jensen\nNikolaj Arcel\n\n\n\n\n\nBased on\nThe Dark Tower\nby Stephen King\n\n\nStarring\n\n\n\nIdris Elba\nMatthew McConaughey\nTom Taylor\nClaudia Kim\nFran Kranz\nAbbey Lee\nJackie Earle Haley\n\n\n\n\n\nMusic by\nTom Holkenborg\n\n\nCinematography\nRasmus Videbæk\n\n\nEdited by\n\n\n\nAlan Edward Bell\nDan Zimmerman\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProduction\ncompany\n\n\n\n\n\nMRC\nImagine Entertainment\nWeed Road\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDistributed by\nColumbia Pictures\n\n\n\nRelease date\n\n\n\n\nJuly 31, 2017 (2017-07-31) (Museum of Modern Art)\nAugust 4, 2017 (2017-08-04) (United States)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRunning time\n\n95 minutes[1]\n\n\nCountry\nUnited States\n\n\nLanguage\nEnglish\n\n\nBudget\n$60 million[2]\n\n\nBox office\n$107.1 million[3]\n\n", "\n\nThe Dark Tower\n\n\n\nTheatrical release poster\n\n\n\nDirected by\nNikolaj Arcel\n\n\nProduced by\n\n\n\nAkiva Goldsman\nRon Howard\nErica Huggins\n\n\n\n\n\nScreenplay by\n\n\n\nAkiva Goldsman\nJeff Pinkner\nAnders Thomas Jensen\nNikolaj Arcel\n\n\n\n\n\nBased on\nThe Dark Tower\nby Stephen King\n\n\nStarring\n\n\n\nIdris Elba\nMatthew McConaughey\nTom Taylor\nClaudia Kim\nFran Kranz\nAbbey Lee\nJackie Earle Haley\n\n\n\n\n\nMusic by\nTom Holkenborg\n\n\nCinematography\nRasmus Videbæk\n\n\nEdited by\n\n\n\nAlan Edward Bell\nDan Zimmerman\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProduction\ncompany\n\n\n\n\n\nMRC\nImagine Entertainment\nWeed Road\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDistributed by\nColumbia Pictures\n\n\n\nRelease date\n\n\n\n\nJuly 31, 2017 (2017-07-31) (Museum of Modern Art)\nAugust 4, 2017 (2017-08-04) (United States)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRunning time\n\n95 minutes[1]\n\n\nCountry\nUnited States\n\n\nLanguage\nEnglish\n\n\nBudget\n$60 million[2]\n\n\nBox office\n$107.1 million[3]\n\n", "\n\nThe Dark Tower\n\n\n\nTheatrical release poster\n\n\n\nDirected by\nNikolaj Arcel\n\n\nProduced by\n\n\n\nAkiva Goldsman\nRon Howard\nErica Huggins\n\n\n\n\n\nScreenplay by\n\n\n\nAkiva Goldsman\nJeff Pinkner\nAnders Thomas Jensen\nNikolaj Arcel\n\n\n\n\n\nBased on\nThe Dark Tower\nby Stephen King\n\n\nStarring\n\n\n\nIdris Elba\nMatthew McConaughey\nTom Taylor\nClaudia Kim\nFran Kranz\nAbbey Lee\nJackie Earle Haley\n\n\n\n\n\nMusic by\nTom Holkenborg\n\n\nCinematography\nRasmus Videbæk\n\n\nEdited by\n\n\n\nAlan Edward Bell\nDan Zimmerman\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProduction\ncompany\n\n\n\n\n\nMRC\nImagine Entertainment\nWeed Road\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDistributed by\nColumbia Pictures\n\n\n\nRelease date\n\n\n\n\nJuly 31, 2017 (2017-07-31) (Museum of Modern Art)\nAugust 4, 2017 (2017-08-04) (United States)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRunning time\n\n95 minutes[1]\n\n\nCountry\nUnited States\n\n\nLanguage\nEnglish\n\n\nBudget\n$60 million[2]\n\n\nBox office\n$107.1 million[3]\n\n" ]

[ "Akiva Goldsman", "Jeff Pinkner", "Anders Thomas Jensen", "Nikolaj Arcel" ]

[ "\"Sunshine of Your Love\" is a 1967 song by the British rock band Cream. With elements of hard rock, psychedelia, and pop, it is one of Cream's best known and most popular songs. Cream bassist and vocalist Jack Bruce based it on a distinctive bass riff, or repeated musical phrase, he developed after attending a Jimi Hendrix concert. Guitarist Eric Clapton and lyricist Pete Brown later contributed to the song. Recording engineer Tom Dowd suggested the rhythm arrangement in which drummer Ginger Baker plays a distinctive tom-tom drum rhythm, although Baker has claimed it was his idea.", "\"Sunshine of Your Love\" is a 1967 song by the British rock band Cream. With elements of hard rock, psychedelia, and pop, it is one of Cream's best known and most popular songs. Cream bassist and vocalist Jack Bruce based it on a distinctive bass riff, or repeated musical phrase, he developed after attending a Jimi Hendrix concert. Guitarist Eric Clapton and lyricist Pete Brown later contributed to the song. Recording engineer Tom Dowd suggested the rhythm arrangement in which drummer Ginger Baker plays a distinctive tom-tom drum rhythm, although Baker has claimed it was his idea.", "\"Sunshine of Your Love\" is a 1967 song by the British rock band Cream. With elements of hard rock, psychedelia, and pop, it is one of Cream's best known and most popular songs. Cream bassist and vocalist Jack Bruce based it on a distinctive bass riff, or repeated musical phrase, he developed after attending a Jimi Hendrix concert. Guitarist Eric Clapton and lyricist Pete Brown later contributed to the song. Recording engineer Tom Dowd suggested the rhythm arrangement in which drummer Ginger Baker plays a distinctive tom-tom drum rhythm, although Baker has claimed it was his idea." ]

[ "Jack Bruce", "Eric Clapton", "Pete Brown" ]

[ "On 10 February 1972,[8] Ras al-Khaimah, under the leadership of Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, joined the United Arab Emirates." ]

[ "10 February 1972" ]

[ "\n\n\nYear\nHost\nFinal venue\nTeams\nParticipantsin Qualifying\nMatches played\nWinner\nRunner-up\n\n\n1987\nAustralia & New Zealand\nEden Park\n\n16\n\nInvitation\n\n32\n\n New Zealand\n France\n\n\n1991\nBritainFranceIreland\nTwickenham\n\n16\n\n32\n\n32\n\n Australia\n England\n\n\n1995\nSouth Africa\nEllis Park\n\n16\n\n52\n\n32\n\n South Africa\n New Zealand\n\n\n1999\nWales\nMillennium Stadium\n\n20\n\n65\n\n41\n\n Australia\n France\n\n\n2003\nAustralia\nTelstra Stadium\n\n20\n\n80\n\n48\n\n England\n Australia\n\n\n2007\nFrance\nStade de France\n\n20\n\n91\n\n48\n\n South Africa\n England\n\n\n2011\nNew Zealand\nEden Park\n\n20\n\n93\n\n48\n\n New Zealand\n France\n\n\n2015\nEngland\nTwickenham\n\n20\n\n96\n\n48\n\n New Zealand\n Australia\n\n\n2019\nJapan\nYokohoma Stadium\n\n20\n\n\n\n48\n\n[to be determined]\n[to be determined]\n\n\n2023\nFrance\n[to be determined]\n\n[to be determined]\n\n[to be determined]\n\n[to be determined]\n\n[to be determined]\n[to be determined]\n", "\n\n\nYear\nHost\nFinal venue\nTeams\nParticipantsin Qualifying\nMatches played\nWinner\nRunner-up\n\n\n1987\nAustralia & New Zealand\nEden Park\n\n16\n\nInvitation\n\n32\n\n New Zealand\n France\n\n\n1991\nBritainFranceIreland\nTwickenham\n\n16\n\n32\n\n32\n\n Australia\n England\n\n\n1995\nSouth Africa\nEllis Park\n\n16\n\n52\n\n32\n\n South Africa\n New Zealand\n\n\n1999\nWales\nMillennium Stadium\n\n20\n\n65\n\n41\n\n Australia\n France\n\n\n2003\nAustralia\nTelstra Stadium\n\n20\n\n80\n\n48\n\n England\n Australia\n\n\n2007\nFrance\nStade de France\n\n20\n\n91\n\n48\n\n South Africa\n England\n\n\n2011\nNew Zealand\nEden Park\n\n20\n\n93\n\n48\n\n New Zealand\n France\n\n\n2015\nEngland\nTwickenham\n\n20\n\n96\n\n48\n\n New Zealand\n Australia\n\n\n2019\nJapan\nYokohoma Stadium\n\n20\n\n\n\n48\n\n[to be determined]\n[to be determined]\n\n\n2023\nFrance\n[to be determined]\n\n[to be determined]\n\n[to be determined]\n\n[to be determined]\n\n[to be determined]\n[to be determined]\n" ]

[ "1991", "1999" ]

[ "Gothic fiction, which is largely known by the subgenre of Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature and film that combines fiction and horror, death, and at times romance. Its origin is attributed to English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto, subtitled (in its second edition) \"A Gothic Story\". The effect of Gothic fiction feeds on a pleasing sort of terror, an extension of Romantic literary pleasures that were relatively new at the time of Walpole's novel. It originated in England in the second half of the 18th century where, following Walpole, it was further developed by Clara Reeve, Ann Radcliffe, William Thomas Beckford and Matthew Lewis. The genre had much success in the 19th century, as witnessed in prose by Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the works of Edgar Allan Poe as well as Charles Dickens with his novella, A Christmas Carol, and in poetry in the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron and Poe. Another well known novel in this genre, dating from the late Victorian era, is Bram Stoker's Dracula. The name Gothic refers to the (pseudo)-medieval buildings, emulating Gothic architecture, in which many of these stories take place. This extreme form of romanticism was very popular in England and Germany. The English Gothic novel also led to new novel types such as the German Schauerroman and the French Georgia." ]

[ "the 19th century" ]

[ "\n\nSun City Center, Florida\n\n\nCensus-designated place\n\n\n\nLocation in Hillsborough County and the state of Florida\n\n\nCoordinates: 27°42′48″N 82°21′35″W / 27.71333°N 82.35972°W / 27.71333; -82.35972Coordinates: 27°42′48″N 82°21′35″W / 27.71333°N 82.35972°W / 27.71333; -82.35972\n\n\nCountry\nUnited States\n\n\nState\nFlorida\n\n\nCounty\nHillsborough\n\n\nFounded\n1961[1]\n\n\nArea\n\n\n • Total\n16.6 sq mi (43.0 km2)\n\n\n • Land\n15.8 sq mi (40.8 km2)\n\n\n • Water\n0.8 sq mi (2.2 km2)\n\n\nElevation\n49 ft (15 m)\n\n\nPopulation (2010)\n\n\n • Total\n19,258\n\n\n • Density\n1,224/sq mi (472.4/km2)\n\n\nTime zone\nEastern (EST) (UTC-5)\n\n\n • Summer (DST)\nEDT (UTC-4)\n\n\nZIP Codes\n33573\n\n\nArea code(s)\n813\n\n\nFIPS code\n12-69250[2]\n\n\nGNIS feature ID\n1853255[3]\n\n" ]

[ "49 ft (15 m)" ]

[ "The final draft of the Declaration was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, although the date of its signing has long been disputed. Most historians have concluded that it was signed on August 2, 1776, nearly a month after its adoption, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed.\n" ]

[ "August 2, 1776" ]

[ "The Dixie Bag Company of College Park, Georgia, owned and operated by Jack W. McBride, was one of the first companies to exploit this new opportunity to bring convenient products to all major shopping stores. The Dixie Bag Company, along with similar firms such as Houston Poly Bag and Capitol Poly, was instrumental in the manufacturing, marketing and perfecting of plastic bags in the 1980s. Kroger, a Cincinnati-based grocery chain, began to replace its paper shopping bags with plastic bags in 1982,[7] and was soon followed by its rival, Safeway.[7]" ]

[ "1982" ]

[ "\n\nTexas's 34th congressional district\n\n\n\nTexas's 34th congressional district - since January 3, 2013.\n\n\n\nCurrent Representative\nFilemon Vela, Jr. (D–Brownsville)\n\n\nDistribution\n\n\n\n83.96[1]% urban\n16.04% rural\n\n\n\n\n\nPopulation (2016)\n723,156[2]\n\n\nMedian income\n$37,989\n\n\nEthnicity\n\n\n\n3.41% White\n11.23% Black\n1.32% Asian\n83.88% Hispanic\n0.16% Native American\n\n\n\n\n\nCook PVI\nD+10[3]\n\n" ]

[ "Filemon Vela, Jr." ]

[ "Arthur Max Blank (born September 27, 1942) is an American businessman and a co-founder of The Home Depot.[3] Today he is known for his philanthropy, his ownership of the Atlanta Falcons in the National Football League, and Atlanta United in Major League Soccer.[4]" ]

[ "The Home Depot" ]

[ "\"Save It for a Rainy Day\" is a song written by Andrew Dorff, Matthew Ramsey, and Brad Tursi and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in June 2015 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's album The Big Revival." ]

[ "Andrew Dorff" ]

[ "Ladder logic has evolved into a programming language that represents a program by a graphical diagram based on the circuit diagrams of relay logic hardware. Ladder logic is used to develop software for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) used in industrial control applications. The name is based on the observation that programs in this language resemble ladders, with two vertical rails and a series of horizontal rungs between them. While ladder diagrams were once the only available notation for recording programmable controller programs, today other forms are standardized in IEC 61131-3 (For example, as an alternative to the graphical ladder logic form, there is also a more assembly language like format called Instruction list within the IEC 61131-3 standard.)." ]

[ "relay" ]

[ "In December 2014, Allen was named defensive coordinator at South Florida under third-year head coach Willie Taggart. In his lone season in Tampa, Allen's defensive unit ranked first the American Athletic Conference (AAC) in scoring defense at just 19.6 points per conference game." ]

[ "South Florida" ]