Datasets:

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lighteval

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natural_questions_clean

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Evaluation datasets 56

[ "\n\nSheet B\n\n\nv\n\n\n\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\nFinal\n\n\n South Korea (Kim) \n1\n0\n0\n0\n0\n1\n0\n1\n0\nX\n3\n\n\n Sweden (Hasselborg)\n0\n0\n2\n1\n1\n0\n3\n0\n1\nX\n8\n\n" ]

[ "Sweden" ]

[ "The Indian cricket team are two times World Champions. In addition to winning the 1983 Cricket World Cup, they triumphed over Sri Lanka in the 2011 Cricket World Cup on home soil. They were also runners-up at the 2003 Cricket World Cup, and semifinalists thrice (1987, 1996 and 2015). They came last in the Super Six stage in the 1999 Cricket World Cup and have been knocked out 4 times in the Group stage (1975, 1979, 1992 and 2007). India's historical win-loss record at the cricket world cup is 46-27, with 1 match being tied and another one being abandoned due to rain." ]

[ "2011" ]

[ "\"Baby Did a Bad Bad Thing\" is a song by American rock and roll artist Chris Isaak, released as the first track to the 1995 album Forever Blue. Filled with sensuality and erotic imagery, the song was described by Isaak as a declaration to \"somebody who is so evil and twisted and bad, and yet, you still want them”. The title evokes how \"That’s a bad bad thing\" is used by both parents scolding misbehaving children and adults during sexual intercourse.[1]" ]

[ "Chris Isaak" ]

[ "The 2018 Phillips 66 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament was a postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big 12 Conference. It was played from March 7 to 10, in Kansas City, Missouri at the Sprint Center.[1] Kansas defeated West Virginia in the championship game to win the tournament and receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament." ]

[ "March 7 to 10" ]

[ "In the late 19th century cities, including Bahia, Brazil and St Louis, Missouri, United States started using trolley cars on their tram network which were designed to act as ambulances, transporting the sick and injured. The trolley cars in Bahia included a fumigating compartment and a two bed nurses work area. The design of the tram network in St Louis was such that the ambulance streetcar, introduced in 1894 was able to reach all 16 infirmaries in the city.[1]" ]

[ "In the late 19th century" ]

[ "Proclamation № 1081 was the proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos. It was announced to the public on 23 September 1972, and was formally lifted on 17 January 1981.\n" ]

[ "17 January 1981" ]

[ "\nJesse Watters – Fox News correspondent and host of Watters' World\nKimberly Guilfoyle – former prosecutor and legal analyst\nGreg Gutfeld – writer and host of Fox News' talk show The Greg Gutfeld Show\nDana Perino – former White House Press Secretary during the George W. Bush administration\nJuan Williams – political analyst and former NPR contributor\n", "\nJesse Watters – Fox News correspondent and host of Watters' World\nKimberly Guilfoyle – former prosecutor and legal analyst\nGreg Gutfeld – writer and host of Fox News' talk show The Greg Gutfeld Show\nDana Perino – former White House Press Secretary during the George W. Bush administration\nJuan Williams – political analyst and former NPR contributor\n", "\nJesse Watters – Fox News correspondent and host of Watters' World\nKimberly Guilfoyle – former prosecutor and legal analyst\nGreg Gutfeld – writer and host of Fox News' talk show The Greg Gutfeld Show\nDana Perino – former White House Press Secretary during the George W. Bush administration\nJuan Williams – political analyst and former NPR contributor\n", "\nJesse Watters – Fox News correspondent and host of Watters' World\nKimberly Guilfoyle – former prosecutor and legal analyst\nGreg Gutfeld – writer and host of Fox News' talk show The Greg Gutfeld Show\nDana Perino – former White House Press Secretary during the George W. Bush administration\nJuan Williams – political analyst and former NPR contributor\n", "\nJesse Watters – Fox News correspondent and host of Watters' World\nKimberly Guilfoyle – former prosecutor and legal analyst\nGreg Gutfeld – writer and host of Fox News' talk show The Greg Gutfeld Show\nDana Perino – former White House Press Secretary during the George W. Bush administration\nJuan Williams – political analyst and former NPR contributor\n" ]

[ "Jesse Watters", "Kimberly Guilfoyle", "Greg Gutfeld", "Dana Perino", "Juan Williams" ]

[ "The current Secretary of State is former ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson, the 69th person to hold office since its creation in 1789." ]

[ "former ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson" ]

[ "Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system. Similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms, virus classification is the subject of ongoing debate and proposals. This is mainly due to the pseudo-living nature of viruses, which is to say they are non-living particles with some chemical characteristics similar to those of life. As such, they do not fit neatly into the established biological classification system in place for cellular organisms.", "Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system. Similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms, virus classification is the subject of ongoing debate and proposals. This is mainly due to the pseudo-living nature of viruses, which is to say they are non-living particles with some chemical characteristics similar to those of life. As such, they do not fit neatly into the established biological classification system in place for cellular organisms." ]

[ "virus classification is the subject of ongoing debate and proposals", "due to the pseudo-living nature of viruses, which is to say they are non-living particles with some chemical characteristics similar to those of life" ]

[ "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\" is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke. It initially appeared on Cooke's album Ain't That Good News, released March 1, 1964 by RCA Victor; a slightly edited version of the recording was released as a single on December 22, 1964. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall, the song was the B-side to \"Shake\".\n" ]

[ "American recording artist Sam Cooke" ]

[ "Pyeongchang (Korean pronunciation: [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋ]; in full, Pyeongchang-gun [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋɡun]; English: /ˌpjʌŋˈtʃɑːŋ/[2]) is a county in the province of Gangwon-do, South Korea, located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and connected by expressways and high-speed passenger railways. Pyeongchang's slogan, \"Happy 700 Pyeongchang\", is taken from its average elevation of approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft)." ]

[ "about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul" ]

[ "Rudimentary economic planning, deriving from the sovereign authority of the state, was first initiated in India in 1938 by Congress President and Indian National Army supreme leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, who had been persuaded by Meghnad Saha to set up a National Planning Committee.[2] M. Visvesvaraya had been elected head of the Planning Committee. Meghnad Saha approached the great engineer and requested him to step down. He argued that planning needed a reciprocity between science and politics. M. Visvesvaraya generously agreed and Jawaharlal Nehru was made head of the National Planning Committee.The so-called \"British Raj\" also formally established Advisory Planning Board under K. C. Neogy that functioned from 1944 to 1946. Industrialists and economists independently formulated at least three development plans in 2012. Some scholars have argued that the introduction of planning as an instrument was intended to transcend the ideological divisions between Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru.[3] Other scholars have argued that the Planning Commission, as a central agency in the context of plural democracy in India, needs to carry out more functions than rudimentary economic planning.[4]" ]

[ "M. Visvesvaraya" ]

[ "The war drew in all the world's economic great powers,[9] assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Although Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary, it did not join the Central Powers, as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance.[10] These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war: Italy, Japan and the United States joined the Allies, while the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers." ]

[ "the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary" ]

[ "SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired19March 3, 2013 (2013-03-03)April 28, 2013 (2013-04-28)210February 27, 2014 (2014-02-27)May 1, 2014 (2014-05-01)310February 19, 2015 (2015-02-19)April 23, 2015 (2015-04-23)42010February 18, 2016 (2016-02-18)April 21, 2016 (2016-04-21)10November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30)February 1, 2017 (2017-02-01)520[2]10November 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)January 24, 2018 (2018-01-24)10[5]November 28, 2018 (2018-11-28)[6]TBA" ]

[ "5" ]

[ "The 2010 live-action film Alice in Wonderland, fashioned as a sequel to the novel, features Helena Bonham Carter as the Red Queen.[2] Bonham Carter's head was digitally increased three times its original size on screen.[3] Bonham Carter's character is a combination of the Red Queen, the Duchess and the Queen of Hearts.[4] From the original Red Queen, this character gets only a relationship to the White Queen. Here the Red Queen is the older sister of the White Queen, and is jealous of her sister, whom her subjects genuinely love. From the original John Tenniel illustrations of the Duchess, she gets a massive head in proportion to her body and a retinue of frog footmen. The White Queen theorizes that the movie's Red Queen has a tumor pressing against her brain, explaining both her large head and her deranged behaviour. Most of her characteristics are taken from the Queen of Hearts, including:" ]

[ "Helena Bonham Carter" ]

[ "Principal photography took place in Budapest, Hungary between July and November 2016. Blade Runner 2049 premiered in Los Angeles on October 3, 2017 and was released in the United States on October 6, 2017, in 2D, 3D and IMAX. The film received acclaim from critics, with some regarding it as one of the best sequels ever made.[8][9][10][11]" ]

[ "October 6, 2017" ]

[ "Overall, thirty-two different drivers have won the Championship, with Richard Petty,[6] Dale Earnhardt,[7] and Jimmie Johnson hold the record for most titles at seven. Johnson has the record for most consecutive Drivers' Championships, winning five from 2006 to 2010.[8] Thus far, every champion has originated from the United States.", "Overall, thirty-two different drivers have won the Championship, with Richard Petty,[6] Dale Earnhardt,[7] and Jimmie Johnson hold the record for most titles at seven. Johnson has the record for most consecutive Drivers' Championships, winning five from 2006 to 2010.[8] Thus far, every champion has originated from the United States.", "Overall, thirty-two different drivers have won the Championship, with Richard Petty,[6] Dale Earnhardt,[7] and Jimmie Johnson hold the record for most titles at seven. Johnson has the record for most consecutive Drivers' Championships, winning five from 2006 to 2010.[8] Thus far, every champion has originated from the United States." ]

[ "Richard Petty", "Dale Earnhardt", "Jimmie Johnson" ]

[ "A lyric video for \"What Do You Mean?\", directed by Laban and featuring skateboarders Ryan Sheckler and Chelsea Castro, was released on August 28, 2015.[15] The music video, directed by Brad Furman and starring John Leguizamo and Xenia Deli, premiered on August 30, 2015 following the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards.[66] As of July 2018, the video has amassed over 1.9 billion views on YouTube, making it the 26th most viewed video on the site.[67]\n" ]

[ "Xenia Deli" ]

[ "This is a list of episodes of the sixteenth[1] season of The Ellen DeGeneres Show, which began airing on Tuesday, September 4, 2018.\n" ]

[ "Tuesday, September 4, 2018" ]

[ "The eastern border with Vietnam extends for 2,130 kilometres, mostly along the crest of the Annamite Chain, and serves as a physical barrier between the Chinese-influenced culture of Vietnam and the Indianized states of Laos and Thailand. These mountains are sparsely populated by tribal minorities who traditionally have not acknowledged the border with Vietnam any more than lowland Lao have been constrained by the 1,754-kilometre Mekong River border with Thailand. Thus, ethnic minority populations are found on both the Laotian and Vietnamese sides of the frontier. Because of their relative isolation, contact between these groups and lowland Lao has been mostly confined to trading.\n" ]

[ "the Annamite Chain" ]

[ "The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper or pepper in the United Kingdom, Canada and Ireland, and capsicum /ˈkæpsɪkəm/[1] in Australia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Singapore and New Zealand) is a cultivar group of the species Capsicum annuum.[2] Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors, including red, yellow, orange, green, chocolate/brown, vanilla/white, and purple. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent pepper varieties as \"sweet peppers\". The whitish ribs and seeds inside bell peppers may be consumed, but some people find the taste to be bitter.[3]" ]

[ "fruits" ]

[ "\"Time After Time\" is the second single by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper from her debut studio album, She's So Unusual (1983), with Rob Hyman (co-writer and founding member of the rock band The Hooters) contributing backing vocals. The track was produced by Rick Chertoff and released as a single on January 27, 1984. The song became Lauper's first number 1 hit in the U.S. The song was written in the album's final stages, after \"Girls Just Wanna Have Fun\", \"She Bop\" and \"All Through the Night\" had been written. The writing began with the title, which Lauper had seen in TV Guide magazine, referring to the science fiction film Time After Time (1979).[2]" ]

[ "Cyndi Lauper" ]

[ "\noxygen: water ('oxidane' when substituted; synonym: oxygen hydride), hydrogen peroxide\nsulfur: hydrogen sulfide ('sulfane' when substituted) synonym: sulfur hydride\nselenium: hydrogen selenide ('selane' when substituted)\ntellurium: hydrogen telluride ('tellane' when substituted)\npolonium: hydrogen polonide ('polane' when substituted)\nhalogens: hydrogen halides\n" ]

[ "oxygen: water ('oxidane' when substituted; synonym: oxygen hydride), hydrogen peroxide" ]

[ "A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that form during embryogenesis.[1] The three germ layers in vertebrates are particularly pronounced; however, all eumetazoans, (animals more complex than the sponge) produce two or three primary germ layers. Animals with radial symmetry, like cnidarians, produce two germ layers (the ectoderm and endoderm) making them diploblastic. Animals with bilateral symmetry produce a third layer (the mesoderm), between these two layers. making them triploblastic. Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal’s tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis." ]

[ "during embryogenesis" ]

[ "\n\nRank\nCountry\nArea (km²)\nNotes\n\n\n1\n Russia*\n3,972,400\n17,098,242 including North Asia\n\n\n2\n Ukraine\n603,628\nThis includes Crimea\n\n\n3\n France*\n551,394\n643,801 when the overseas departments are included\n\n\n4\n Spain*\n498,468\n505,992 when the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla are included\n\n\n5\n Sweden\n449,964\n\n\n\n6\n Norway\n385,178\nThis includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen[1]\n\n\n7\n Germany\n357,168\n\n\n\n8\n Finland\n338,145\n\n\n\n9\n Poland\n312,685\n\n\n\n10\n Italy\n301,338\n\n\n\n11\n United Kingdom\n248,532\n1,976,102 when the British Overseas Territories are included.\n\n\n12\n Romania\n238,392\n\n\n\n13\n Belarus\n207,600\n\n\n\n14\n Kazakhstan*\n180,000 (est.)\n2,724,902 including Asian part\n\n\n15\n Greece\n131,940\n\n\n\n16\n Bulgaria\n110,994\n\n\n\n17\n Iceland\n102,775\n\n\n\n18\n Hungary\n93,030\n\n\n\n19\n Portugal\n91,568\n\n\n\n20\n Austria\n83,858\n\n\n\n21\n Czech Republic\n78,866\n\n\n\n22\n Serbia\n77,453\nThis excludes Kosovo\n\n\n23\n Ireland\n70,273\n\n\n\n24\n Lithuania\n65,300\n\n\n\n25\n Latvia\n64,589\n\n\n\n26\n Croatia\n56,594\n\n\n\n27\n Bosnia and Herzegovina\n51,129\n\n\n\n28\n Slovakia\n49,036\n\n\n\n29\n Estonia\n45,339\n\n\n\n30\n Denmark\n44,493\nThis includes Faroe Islands; 2,210,579 including Greenland\n\n\n31\n Switzerland\n41,290\n\n\n\n32\n Netherlands\n41,198\nExcluding Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten.\n\n\n33\n Moldova\n33,846\n\n\n\n34\n Belgium\n30,510\n\n\n\n35\n Albania\n28,748\n\n\n\n36\n Macedonia (Former Yugoslavian Republic)\n25,713\n\n\n\n37\n Turkey*\n23,507\n783,562 including Asian part\n\n\n38\n Slovenia\n20,273\n\n\n\n39\n Montenegro\n13,812\n\n\n\n40\n Kosovo\n10,908\nPartially recognized state\n\n\n41\n Cyprus\n9,251\n\n\n42\n Azerbaijan*\n6,960\n86,600 including Asian part\n\n\n43\n Luxembourg\n2,586\n\n\n\n44\n Georgia*\n2,428\n69,700 including Asian part\n\n\n45\n Andorra\n468\n\n\n\n46\n Malta\n316\n\n\n\n47\n Liechtenstein\n160\n\n\n\n48\n San Marino\n61\n\n\n\n49\n Monaco\n1.95\n\n\n\n50\n Vatican City\n0.44\n\n\n\n\nTotal\n10,141,183\n±5,000\n\n\n" ]

[ "Russia*" ]

[ "Liberté, égalité, fraternité (pronounced [libɛʁte eɡalite fʁatɛʁnite]), French for \"liberty, equality, fraternity\",[1] is the national motto of France and the Republic of Haiti, and is an example of a tripartite motto. Although it finds its origins in the French Revolution, it was then only one motto among others and was not institutionalized until the Third Republic at the end of the 19th century.[2] Debates concerning the compatibility and order of the three terms began at the same time as the Revolution. It is also the motto of the Grand Orient de France and the Grande Loge de France.\n" ]

[ "French Revolution" ]

[ "\n\nNew\nno. 1\nCountry\nPlayer\nStart date\nEnd date\nWeeks\n\nseries\ntotal\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n USA\nChris Evert\nNov 3, 1975\nApr 25, 1976\n25\n25\n\n\n\n2\n\n AUS\nEvonne Goolagong Cawley\nApr 26, 1976\nMay 9, 1976\n2\n2\n\n\n\n USA\nChris Evert (2)\nMay 10, 1976\nJul 9, 1978\n113\n138\n\n\n\n3\n\n USA\nMartina Navratilova\nJul 10, 1978\nJan 13, 1979\n26\n26\n\n\n\n USA\nChris Evert (3)\nJan 14, 1979\nJan 27, 1979\n2\n140\n\n\n\n USA\nMartina Navratilova (2)\nJan 28, 1979\nFeb 24, 1979\n4\n30\n\n\n\n USA\nChris Evert (4)\nFeb 25, 1979\nApr 15, 1979\n7\n147\n\n\n\n USA\nMartina Navratilova (3)\nApr 16, 1979\nJun 24, 1979\n10\n40\n\n\n\n USA\nChris Evert (5)\nJun 25, 1979\nSep 9, 1979\n11\n158\n\n\n\n USA\nMartina Navratilova (4)\nSep 10, 1979\nApr 6, 1980\n31\n71\n\n\n\n4\n\n USA\nTracy Austin\nApr 7, 1980\nApr 20, 1980\n2\n2\n\n\n\n USA\nMartina Navratilova (5)\nApr 21, 1980\nJul 6, 1980\n11\n82\n\n\n\n USA\nTracy Austin (2)\nJul 7, 1980\nNov 17, 1980\n19\n21\n\n\n\n USA\nChris Evert (6)\nNov 18, 1980\nMay 2, 1982\n76\n234\n\n\n\n USA\nMartina Navratilova (6)\nMay 3, 1982\nMay 16, 1982\n2\n84\n\n\n\n USA\nChris Evert (7)\nMay 17, 1982\nJun 13, 1982\n4\n238\n\n\n\n USA\nMartina Navratilova (7)\nJun 14, 1982\nJun 9, 1985\n156\n240\n\n\n\n USA\nChris Evert (8)\nJun 10, 1985\nOct 13, 1985\n18\n256\n\n\n\n USA\nMartina Navratilova (8)\nOct 14, 1985\nOct 27, 1985\n2\n242\n\n\n\n USA\nChris Evert (9)\nOct 28, 1985\nNov 24, 1985\n4\n260\n\n\n\n USA\nMartina Navratilova (9)\nNov 25, 1985\nAug 16, 1987\n90\n332\n\n\n\n5\n\n GER\nSteffi Graf\nAug 17, 1987\nMar 10, 1991\n186 ↑\n186\n\n\n\n6\n\n YUG\nMonica Seles\nMar 11, 1991\nAug 4, 1991\n21\n21\n\n\n\n GER\nSteffi Graf (2)\nAug 5, 1991\nAug 11, 1991\n1\n187\n\n\n\n YUG\nMonica Seles (2)\nAug 12, 1991\nAug 18, 1991\n1\n22\n\n\n\n GER\nSteffi Graf (3)\nAug 19, 1991\nSep 8, 1991\n3\n190\n\n\n\n/ YUG\nMonica Seles (3) [n 1]\nSep 9, 1991\nJun 6, 1993\n91\n113\n\n\n\n GER\nSteffi Graf (4)\nJun 7, 1993\nFeb 5, 1995\n87\n277\n\n\n\n7\n\n ESP\nArantxa Sánchez Vicario\nFeb 6, 1995\nFeb 19, 1995\n2\n2\n\n\n\n GER\nSteffi Graf (5)\nFeb 20, 1995\nFeb 26, 1995\n1\n278\n\n\n\n ESP\nArantxa Sánchez Vicario (2)\nFeb 27, 1995\nApr 9, 1995\n6\n8\n\n\n\n GER\nSteffi Graf (6)\nApr 10, 1995\nMay 14, 1995\n5\n283\n\n\n\n ESP\nArantxa Sánchez Vicario (3)\nMay 15, 1995\nJun 11, 1995\n4\n12\n\n\n\n GER\nSteffi Graf (7)\nJun 12, 1995\nAug 14, 1995\n9\n292\n\n\n\n GER\n USA\nSteffi Graf (7)\nMonica Seles[n 1] (4)\nAug 15, 1995\nNov 3, 1996\n64\n356\n177\n\n\n\n GER\nSteffi Graf (7)\nNov 4, 1996\nNov 17, 1996\n2\n358\n\n\n\n GER\n USA\nSteffi Graf (7)\nMonica Seles (5)\nNov 18, 1996\nNov 24, 1996\n1\n359\n178\n\n\n\n GER\nSteffi Graf (7)\nNov 25, 1996\nMar 30, 1997\n18\n377 ↑\n\n\n\n8\n\n SUI\nMartina Hingis\nMar 31, 1997\nOct 11, 1998\n80\n80\n\n\n\n9\n\n USA\nLindsay Davenport\nOct 12, 1998\nFeb 7, 1999\n17\n17\n\n\n\n SUI\nMartina Hingis (2)\nFeb 8, 1999\nJul 4, 1999\n21\n101\n\n\n\n USA\nLindsay Davenport (2)\nJul 5, 1999\nAug 8, 1999\n5\n22\n\n\n\n SUI\nMartina Hingis (3)\nAug 9, 1999\nApr 2, 2000\n34\n135\n\n\n\n USA\nLindsay Davenport (3)\nApr 3, 2000\nMay 7, 2000\n5\n27\n\n\n\n SUI\nMartina Hingis (4)\nMay 8, 2000\nMay 14, 2000\n1\n136\n\n\n\n USA\nLindsay Davenport (4)\nMay 15, 2000\nMay 21, 2000\n1\n28\n\n\n\n SUI\nMartina Hingis (5)\nMay 22, 2000\nOct 14, 2001\n73\n209\n\n\n\n10\n\n USA\nJennifer Capriati\nOct 15, 2001\nNov 4, 2001\n3\n3\n\n\n\n USA\nLindsay Davenport (5)\nNov 5, 2001\nJan 13, 2002\n10\n38\n\n\n\n USA\nJennifer Capriati (2)\nJan 14, 2002\nFeb 24, 2002\n6\n9\n\n\n\n11\n\n USA\nVenus Williams\nFeb 25, 2002\nMar 17, 2002\n3\n3\n\n\n\n USA\nJennifer Capriati (3)\nMar 18, 2002\nApr 21, 2002\n5\n14\n\n\n\n USA\nVenus Williams (2)\nApr 22, 2002\nMay 19, 2002\n4\n7\n\n\n\n USA\nJennifer Capriati (4)\nMay 20, 2002\nJun 9, 2002\n3\n17\n\n\n\n USA\nVenus Williams (3)\nJun 10, 2002\nJul 7, 2002\n4\n11\n\n\n\n12\n\n USA\nSerena Williams\nJul 8, 2002\nAug 10, 2003\n57\n57\n\n\n\n13\n\n BEL\nKim Clijsters\nAug 11, 2003\nOct 19, 2003\n10\n10\n\n\n\n14\n\n BEL\nJustine Henin\nOct 20, 2003\nOct 26, 2003\n1\n1\n\n\n\n BEL\nKim Clijsters (2)\nOct 27, 2003\nNov 9, 2003\n2\n12\n\n\n\n BEL\nJustine Henin (2)\nNov 10, 2003\nSep 12, 2004\n44\n45\n\n\n\n15\n\n FRA\nAmélie Mauresmo\nSep 13, 2004\nOct 17, 2004\n5\n5\n\n\n\n USA\nLindsay Davenport (6)\nOct 18, 2004\nAug 21, 2005\n44\n82\n\n\n\n16\n\n RUS\nMaria Sharapova\nAug 22, 2005\nAug 28, 2005\n1\n1\n\n\n\n USA\nLindsay Davenport (7)\nAug 29, 2005\nSep 11, 2005\n2\n84\n\n\n\n RUS\nMaria Sharapova (2)\nSep 12, 2005\nOct 23, 2005\n6\n7\n\n\n\n USA\nLindsay Davenport (8)\nOct 24, 2005\nJan 29, 2006\n14\n98\n\n\n\n BEL\nKim Clijsters (3)\nJan 30, 2006\nMar 19, 2006\n7\n19\n\n\n\n FRA\nAmélie Mauresmo (2)\nMar 20, 2006\nNov 12, 2006\n34\n39\n\n\n\n BEL\nJustine Henin (3)\nNov 13, 2006\nJan 28, 2007\n11\n56\n\n\n\n RUS\nMaria Sharapova (3)\nJan 29, 2007\nMar 18, 2007\n7\n14\n\n\n\n BEL\nJustine Henin (4)\nMar 19, 2007\nMay 18, 2008\n61\n117\n\n\n\n RUS\nMaria Sharapova (4)\nMay 19, 2008\nJun 8, 2008\n3\n17\n\n\n\n17\n\n SRB\nAna Ivanovic\nJun 9, 2008\nAug 10, 2008\n9\n9\n\n\n\n18\n\n SRB\nJelena Janković\nAug 11, 2008\nAug 17, 2008\n1\n1\n\n\n\n SRB\nAna Ivanovic (2)\nAug 18, 2008\nSep 7, 2008\n3\n12\n\n\n\n USA\nSerena Williams (2)\nSep 8, 2008\nOct 5, 2008\n4\n61\n\n\n\n SRB\nJelena Janković (2)\nOct 6, 2008\nFeb 1, 2009\n17\n18\n\n\n\n USA\nSerena Williams (3)\nFeb 2, 2009\nApr 19, 2009\n11\n72\n\n\n\n19\n\n RUS\nDinara Safina\nApr 20, 2009\nOct 11, 2009\n25\n25\n\n\n\n USA\nSerena Williams (4)\nOct 12, 2009\nOct 25, 2009\n2\n74\n\n\n\n RUS\nDinara Safina (2)\nOct 26, 2009\nNov 1, 2009\n1\n26\n\n\n\n USA\nSerena Williams (5)\nNov 2, 2009\nOct 10, 2010\n49\n123\n\n\n\n20\n\n DEN\nCaroline Wozniacki\nOct 11, 2010\nFeb 13, 2011\n18\n18\n\n\n\n BEL\nKim Clijsters (4)\nFeb 14, 2011\nFeb 20, 2011\n1\n20\n\n\n\n DEN\nCaroline Wozniacki (2)\nFeb 21, 2011\nJan 29, 2012\n49\n67\n\n\n\n21\n\n BLR\nVictoria Azarenka\nJan 30, 2012\nJun 10, 2012\n19\n19\n\n\n\n RUS\nMaria Sharapova (5)\nJun 11, 2012\nJul 8, 2012\n4\n21\n\n\n\n BLR\nVictoria Azarenka (2)\nJul 9, 2012\nFeb 17, 2013\n32\n51\n\n\n\n USA\nSerena Williams (6)\nFeb 18, 2013\nSep 11, 2016\n186 ↑\n309\n\n\n\n22\n\n GER\nAngelique Kerber\nSep 12, 2016\nJan 29, 2017\n20\n20\n\n\n\n USA\nSerena Williams (7)\nJan 30, 2017\nMar 19, 2017\n7\n316\n\n\n\n GER\nAngelique Kerber (2)\nMar 20, 2017\nApr 23, 2017\n5\n25\n\n\n\n USA\nSerena Williams (8)\nApr 24, 2017\nMay 14, 2017\n3\n319\n\n\n\n GER\nAngelique Kerber (3)\nMay 15, 2017\nJul 16, 2017\n9\n34\n\n\n\n23\n\n CZE\nKarolína Plíšková\nJul 17, 2017\nSep 10, 2017\n8\n8\n\n\n24\n ESP\nGarbiñe Muguruza\nSep 11, 2017\nOct 8, 2017\n4\n4\n\n\n25\n ROU\nSimona Halep\nOct 9, 2017\nJan 28, 2018\n16\n16\n\n\n\n DEN\nCaroline Wozniacki (3)\nJan 29, 2018\nFeb 25, 2018\n4\n71\n\n\n\n ROU\nSimona Halep (2)\nFeb 26, 2018\nPresent\n1\n17\n\n" ]

[ "Simona Halep" ]

[ "The peaceful co-existence of senatorial and barbarian rule continued until the Ostrogothic leader Theodahad began an uprising against Emperor Justinian I and took the senators as hostages. Several senators were executed in 552 as a revenge for the death of the Ostrogothic king Totila. After Rome was recaptured by the Imperial (Byzantine) army, the Senate was restored, but the institution (like classical Rome itself) had been mortally weakened by the long war between the Byzantines and the Ostrogoths. Many senators had been killed and many of those who had fled to the East chose to remain there thanks to favorable legislation passed by emperor Justinian, who however abolished virtually all senatorial offices in Italy. The importance of the Roman Senate thus declined rapidly. In 578 and again in 580, the Senate sent envoys to Constantinople who delivered 3000 pounds of gold as a gift to the new emperor Tiberius II Constantinus along with a plea for help against the Langobards who had invaded Italy ten years earlier. Pope Gregory I, in a sermon from 593 (Senatus deest, or.18), lamented the almost complete disappearance of the senatorial order and the decline of the prestigious institution. It is not clearly known when the Roman Senate disappeared in the West, but it is known from Gregorian register that the Senate acclaimed new statues of Emperor Phocas and Empress Leontia in 603.[9] The institution must have vanished by 630 when the Curia was transformed into a church by Pope Honorius I. The Senate did continue to exist in the Eastern Roman Empire's capital Constantinople, however, having been instituted there during the reign of Constantine I. The Byzantine Senate survived until at least the mid-14th century, before the ancient institution finally vanished from history." ]

[ "Emperor Justinian I" ]

[ "Lara Jean meets with Peter at the treehouse the night before it is to be cut down. She tells him her wish is for things to go back to the way they were between them, and Peter professes his love for her.\n" ]

[ "Peter" ]

[ "\n\n\"Holiday Road\"\n\n\n\nEuropean picture sleeve\n\n\n\nSingle by Lindsey Buckingham\n\n\nfrom the album National Lampoon's Vacation Original Motion Picture Sound Track\n\n\nB-side\n\"The Trip (Theme from Vacation)\"\n\n\nReleased\nJune 24, 1983\n\n\nFormat\n7\"\n\n\nGenre\nRock\n\n\nLength\n2:11\n\n\nLabel\nWarner Bros.\n\n\nSongwriter(s)\nLindsey Buckingham\n\n\nProducer(s)\nLindsey Buckingham, Richard Dashut\n\n\nLindsey Buckingham singles chronology\n\n\n\n\n\n\"It Was I\"\n(1981)\n\"Holiday Road\"\n(1983)\n\"Go Insane\"\n(1984)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\"It Was I\"\n(1981)\n\"Holiday Road\"\n(1983)\n\"Go Insane\"\n(1984)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAudio sample\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nfile\nhelp\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" ]

[ "Lindsey Buckingham" ]

[ "Richard 'Dick' Parry (born 22 December 1942 in Kentford, Suffolk, England) is an English saxophonist. He has appeared as a session musician on various albums by modern bands and artists, and is probably best known for his solo parts on the Pink Floyd songs \"Money\", \"Us and Them\", \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\" and \"Wearing the Inside Out\".[1][2] He also played on the Bloodstone album Riddle of the Sphinx." ]

[ "Richard 'Dick' Parry" ]

[ "To kick the bucket is an English idiom, considered a euphemistic, informal, or slang term meaning 'to die'.[1] Its origin remains unclear, though there have been several theories." ]

[ "'to die'" ]

[ "\n\nCharge of the Light Brigade\n\n\nPart of Battle of Balaclava, Crimean War\n\n\n\nThe Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava by William Simpson (1855), illustrating the Light Brigade's charge into the \"Valley of Death\" from the Russian perspective.\n\n\n\n\n\nDate\n25 October 1854\n\n\nLocation\n44°32′16″N 33°37′27″E / 44.53778°N 33.62417°E / 44.53778; 33.62417\n\n\nResult\nRussian victory\n\n\n\n\n\nBelligerents\n\n\n\n\n\n British Empire\n\n\n French Empire\n Russian Empire\n\n\nCommanders and leaders\n\n\n\n\n\n James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan\n\n\n Armand-Octave-Marie d’Allonville\n Pavel Liprandi\n\n\nStrength\n\n\nAbout 670 (Adkin: 668; Brighton: \"at least\" 666)\nUnknown\n\n\nCasualties and losses\n\n\n110 killed\n161 wounded\nUnknown\n\n", "\n\nCharge of the Light Brigade\n\n\nPart of Battle of Balaclava, Crimean War\n\n\n\nThe Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava by William Simpson (1855), illustrating the Light Brigade's charge into the \"Valley of Death\" from the Russian perspective.\n\n\n\n\n\nDate\n25 October 1854\n\n\nLocation\n44°32′16″N 33°37′27″E / 44.53778°N 33.62417°E / 44.53778; 33.62417\n\n\nResult\nRussian victory\n\n\n\n\n\nBelligerents\n\n\n\n\n\n British Empire\n\n\n French Empire\n Russian Empire\n\n\nCommanders and leaders\n\n\n\n\n\n James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan\n\n\n Armand-Octave-Marie d’Allonville\n Pavel Liprandi\n\n\nStrength\n\n\nAbout 670 (Adkin: 668; Brighton: \"at least\" 666)\nUnknown\n\n\nCasualties and losses\n\n\n110 killed\n161 wounded\nUnknown\n\n", "\n\nCharge of the Light Brigade\n\n\nPart of Battle of Balaclava, Crimean War\n\n\n\nThe Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava by William Simpson (1855), illustrating the Light Brigade's charge into the \"Valley of Death\" from the Russian perspective.\n\n\n\n\n\nDate\n25 October 1854\n\n\nLocation\n44°32′16″N 33°37′27″E / 44.53778°N 33.62417°E / 44.53778; 33.62417\n\n\nResult\nRussian victory\n\n\n\n\n\nBelligerents\n\n\n\n\n\n British Empire\n\n\n French Empire\n Russian Empire\n\n\nCommanders and leaders\n\n\n\n\n\n James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan\n\n\n Armand-Octave-Marie d’Allonville\n Pavel Liprandi\n\n\nStrength\n\n\nAbout 670 (Adkin: 668; Brighton: \"at least\" 666)\nUnknown\n\n\nCasualties and losses\n\n\n110 killed\n161 wounded\nUnknown\n\n" ]

[ "British Empire", "French Empire", "Russian Empire" ]

[ "This is the list of rural banks in Ghana. Rural banks were first established in Ghana in 1976 to provide banking services to the rural population, providing credit to small-scale farmers and businesses and supporting development projects,[1] with the first being in Agona Nyakrom in Central Region.[2][3] The banks are locally owned and managed.[4] By 2002 115 rural banks had been established.[5] They are supervised by the clearing bank ARB Apex Bank[6] under the regulation of the Bank of Ghana,[7] which owns shares in the banks.[8][9][10][11][12][13]" ]

[ "115" ]

[ "The Crack Fox takes up residence in the pile of bin bags behind the Nabootique. During the episode he tricks Vince into letting him inside, farts in Vince's face and then steals Naboo's shaman juice to enact his scheme to take over the world. After absorbing the magic juice through his syringe fingers in the light of the full moon, which makes the juice all activated, he becomes incredibly powerful (demonstrating telekinesis) before being stopped by a tramp that Vince had befriended – a tramp who had never been given anything prior to being given a wondrous cape. He was going to rape Vince and leave him in a bin, but subsequently decided he was née. The Crack Fox is later crushed to death in a garbage truck while pursuing Vince and Howard who took the shaman juice back during the struggle. It is also implied that the Crack Fox fancies Vince Noir. He also stated having two friends called Nicholas the Tennis Rat and Dante the racist Badger, who hates bloody whites. The Crack Fox is played by Julian Barratt." ]

[ "Julian Barratt" ]

[ "The Carr Fire is a wildfire burning in Shasta and Trinity Counties in California, United States. As of August 12, 2018, the fire had burned 202,976 acres (821 km2; 317 sq mi) and is 61% contained. It is the sixth-most destructive fire in California history.[3] The fire was reported on the afternoon of July 23, 2018, at the intersection of Highway 299 and Carr Powerhouse Road in the Whiskeytown district of the Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area. The fire was started when a flat tire on a vehicle caused the wheel's rim to scrape against the asphalt, thus creating sparks.[4]\n" ]

[ "Shasta and Trinity Counties in California, United States" ]

[ "\n\nNo.\noverall\nNo. in\nseason\nTitle\nDirected by\nWritten by\nOriginal air date\nU.S. viewers\n(million)\n\n\n1\n1\n\"Pilot\"\nLesli Linka Glatter\nI. Marlene King\nJune 8, 2010 (2010-06-08)\n2.47[1]\n\n\nFriends Aria Montgomery, Emily Fields, Hanna Marin, and Spencer Hastings grow apart when their clique leader Alison DiLaurentis goes missing. A year later they all begin receiving messages from the mysterious \"A\", who threatens to reveal their darkest secrets. Aria has just returned from Iceland after a year with her family and still feels unable to forgive her father who cheated on her mother, who's still unaware of it; she also discovers that her new English teacher (Ezra Fitz) is the same guy she met and made out with at a bar the day before. Hanna is now the \"it\" girl of the school and indulges in shoplifting, which gets her in trouble and forces her mother to sleep with a detective for her release; Spencer has feelings for her sister's fiancé (Wren Kingston); Emily befriends a girl named Maya, who's just moved into Alison's house. They soon suspect that Alison is \"A\", until her body is finally found. There's a funeral, at which the quartet are seated together and they all get worried after seeing Jenna, a classmate who was blinded in an incident involving the four girls and Alison (multiple times through the episode, there were references to the \"Jenna thing\"). The girls receive one more text: I'm still here bitches. And I know everything -A.\n\n\n2\n2\n\"The Jenna Thing\"\nLiz Friedlander\nI. Marlene King\nJune 15, 2010 (2010-06-15)\n2.48[2]\n\n\nWith Jenna's return to Rosewood and to school, the girls are forced to face an unpleasant incident from their past in which with Alison they played a terrible prank (by setting a fire on a garage) on Jenna's step-brother Toby which went horribly wrong, leaving Jenna blind. They thought this dark secret has been sealed forever but \"A\" won't let them forget it. Meanwhile, questions about the night of Alison's disappearance begin to arise, as the events of that fateful night continue to haunt them. Aria applies for the transference from Ezra's class but her application is rejected. They later make out in his car after Ezra drives by Aria after she gets caught in the rain. Spencer's sister breaks up with her fiancé when she catches him kissing Spencer. Hanna's mom is still reluctantly involved with the detective Wilden, who still doesn't have faith over the girls' description of that night. Maya has moved in with Emily for few days and Emily feels herself attracted to her, which makes her feel guilty because she has a boyfriend (Ben). Aria's father wants to resolve the issues between them; which actually works out positively.\n\n\n3\n3\n\"To Kill a Mocking Girl\"\nElodie Keene\nOliver Goldstick\nJune 22, 2010 (2010-06-22)\n2.74[3]\n\n\n\nThe girls try to pay tribute to Alison's memory, but they are still faced with unresolved issues. Toby, Jenna's stepbrother, has come back to school. Aria has an unpleasant encounter with her father's former mistress. Spencer faces a vengeful Melissa after her kiss with Wren. Hanna tries to get Sean to forget the 'old Hanna'. Toby and Ben, Emily's boyfriend, have a fight and Emily breaks up with Ben. Emily and Maya get closer and Spencer copies her sister's essay and puts it as her own when she can't think of anything to write. The girls realize that leaving the past behind is much harder than they first thought.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' listens to jazz music as they print copies of the pictures of Emily and Maya in the Photo Booth.\n\n\n4\n4\n\"Can You Hear Me Now?\"\nNorman Buckley\nJoseph Dougherty\nJune 29, 2010 (2010-06-29)\n2.09[4]\n\n\nThe girls block e-mails and text messages from all unknown users in an attempt to stop \"A,\" but their problems are far from over. One girl receives a surprise visit, while another receives a surprise gift in class. Hanna meets her dad after a while and realizes that he has a fiance. Aria tries to tell her mom about her dad cheating on her before they went to Iceland, but it looks likes \"A\" beats her to it. Emily is still confused about Toby and her kiss with Maya. Spencer's Russian article (the one she copied from Melissa), gets entered in a contest and she is still confused about Wren. And just when things couldn't get any more complicated, the girls find out that trying to keep \"A\" away comes with a price. Spencer arrives home with Hanna to find that somebody has been in her house, leaving a grave on her table and a message on her mirror.\n\n\n5\n5\n\"Reality Bites Me\"\nWendey Stanzler\nBryan M. Holdman\nJuly 6, 2010 (2010-07-06)\n2.62[5]\n\n\nAria forgets her cell phone in Ezra's apartment, and after he reads a message from A, he decides to break up with her (thinking that she told someone) rather than risk being fired. Hanna has to work in a dentist office to pay for the damage she did to Sean's car and gets some new information from A about one of her friends. She sees Jenna at the office building wearing the same lipstick, just like the writing on Spencer's mirror. Emily hides her budding friendship with Toby due to the girls' suspicion about him, hurting his feelings. Spencer's father tells her to throw a tennis match against a possible client and his daughter. Ella deals with her husband's cheating, which makes things worse for Aria and Mike.\n\n\n6\n6\n\"There's No Place Like Homecoming\"\nNorman Buckley\nMaya Goldsmith\nJuly 13, 2010 (2010-07-13)\n2.69[6]\n\n\n\nEmily accepts an offer to go to Homecoming with Toby, despite Hanna presuming she wanted to go with Maya. Spencer gets ready for Homecoming with Alex as her date, but will things go as she planned them to? Hanna meets Lucas when she joins the 'Real Love Waits' celibacy club with Sean. Aria is still reeling over her breakup with Ezra and the tension between her parents. Spencer asks Hanna to collect Jenna's psychotherapy file, with a shocking twist.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' sprayes over the town sign and changes the population census to one less number.\n\n\n7\n7\n\"The Homecoming Hangover\"\nChris Grismer\nTamar Laddy\nJuly 20, 2010 (2010-07-20)\n2.55[7]\n\n\n\nAria's brother, Mike, doesn't take it very well that his parents are separating, which leads to him fighting in school after his mother decides to not watch his game, as Mike and Aria's father will be there. Emily decides to try dating Maya. Hanna and Sean make-up, but she's more interested in Lucas. Spencer and Alex have some fun in the country's club kitchen. At last, A has still one more creepy message to deliver to the girls, which makes them assume that Toby might be dead. Sara Shepard, writer of the Pretty Little Liars book series, makes a special appearance in the episode as a substitute teacher at Rosewood High School.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' fishes up the documents the girls threw in the river, containing files of Toby Cavanaugh.\n\n\n8\n8\n\"Please, Do Talk About Me When I'm Gone\"\nArlene Sanford\nJoseph Dougherty\nJuly 27, 2010 (2010-07-27)\n2.52[8]\n\n\nAs new evidences about the day that Alison died comes to the surface, Spencer gets some damaging information from Alison's brother, Jason. Aria agrees to go out on a double date with Sean's friend Noel, and the evening takes an interesting road once Aria realizes that Noel is way more than just a pretty face. Emily and Maya's relationship blossoms when Emily asks Maya on a date. Due to the Marin's financial problems, Hanna's credit card gets declined, so she decides to put a lot of her old clothes and handbags up for auction online with the help of new ally Lucas. Meanwhile, the girls begin to prepare themselves for Alison's memorial day, but once they find out that Jenna will be the one to deliver a speech about Alison, they all get scared. Later that night, a mystery person comes out and destroys Alison's memorial.\n\n\n9\n9\n\"The Perfect Storm\"\nJamie Babbit\nOliver Goldstick\nAugust 3, 2010 (2010-08-03)\n2.55[9]\n\n\n\nA terrible storm comes to Rosewood, and all of the students are trapped in school. Emily reveals a secret after she's accused of killing Alison. Just as Aria is about to give dating Noel a chance, Ezra returns. Byron leans on Ashley for advice as his relationship with Ella only gets worse. Meanwhile, Spencer discovers something that her mother has been keeping from her. And at the end of the episode, Lucas tries to tell Hanna something. We see his shoes are dirty, suggesting that he was at Alison's memorial.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' sends a file containing video footage of Alison the day she disappeared, to Rosewood Police Department.\n\n\n10\n10\n\"Keep Your Friends Close\"\nRon Lagomarsino\nI. Marlene King\nAugust 10, 2010 (2010-08-10)\n3.07[10]\n\n\n\nWhen new evidence leads the FBI to believe that Toby killed Alison, he tries to tell Emily his side of the story yet she rats him out. Spencer tries to mend fences with her sister Melissa, just as her ex-boyfriend Ian returns. Emily's dad comes back from his deployment and her mother was sent a picture of Emily and Maya kissing. Aria begins to develop feelings for Noel, which complicates her relationship with Ezra even more, until Ezra admits his feelings for her and they kiss with Hanna watching as she keeps post to find out who \"A\" is. Ashley's financial problems are bringing her to the brink. Meanwhile, the girls go \"glamping\" for Mona's birthday in hopes of closing in on \"A\", but when \"A\"'s identity is revealed to Hanna, \"A\" runs her over with a car before she gets a chance to tell the others.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' looks at the video of Alison at the Kissing Rock and it is revealed that Ian Thomas was with her.\n\n\n11\n11\n\"Moments Later\"\nNorman Buckley\nJoseph Dougherty\nJanuary 3, 2011 (2011-01-03)\n4.20[11]\n\n\n\nHanna is now in the hospital and remembers who A is. She tells the girls it was Noel Kahn because she saw him write 'I see you' on the back on Ezra's car while Aria and Ezra were kissing. But the girls are starting to question if the person who killed Alison and 'A' are two different people. Meanwhile, Melissa and Ian elope. Also Lucas admits his feelings for Hanna, but is both angry and heartbroken when she tells him she only likes him as a friend, and tells her that she deserves a better boyfriend than Sean. The girls find out that 'A' wrote on Hanna's leg cast which is, \"Sorry for losing my temper, my bad,\" which could have been anyone who entered Hanna's room while she was asleep. Also, Emily finally has enough courage and comes out to her parents; her father accepts it because she's his daughter and he loves her, but her mother has a much harder time accepting it.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' burns the part of the tree which had the carving of Alison and Ian's name on it.\n\n\n12\n12\n\"Salt Meets Wound\"\nNorman Buckley\nOliver Goldstick\nJanuary 10, 2011 (2011-01-10)\n3.21[12]\n\n\n\nHanna mends in a wheelchair upon her release from the hospital, and Mona throws a surprise party for her. At the end of the party, Ashley and Hanna realize someone has stolen the bank loan in the lasagna box. Meanwhile, Aria is struggling to tell Ezra that Noel knows about their relationship; Spencer's romance with Alex hits a snag and Emily invites Maya to dinner with her family; Surprises haunt the Liars as \"A\" continues the game. It is also revealed that Lucas destroyed Alison's memorial and Jenna was the one who told the police where Toby was.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' puts the hundred dollar bills into a clown piggy bank.\n\n\n13\n13\n\"Know Your Frenemies\"\nRon Lagomarsino\nI. Marlene King\nJanuary 17, 2011 (2011-01-17)\n2.99[13]\n\n\n\"A\" makes Hanna eat cupcakes, making her think about being bulimic again. \"A\" saves Aria's and Ezra's relationship. Emily's mom finds drugs in Maya's bag, and brings the bag to Maya's parents, thus sending her to juvie. Spencer unravels the Ali murder, thinking Ian is the killer. She also finds out that her sister, Melissa, is trying to get pregnant. In the end, a video of Ali and Ian is shown, the camera falls, leaving the watchers hearing someone choking someone. A body is thrown to the ground, Ali's hand appearing in front of the screen. Her name bracelet brings the girls to think Ian killed Ali.\n\n\n14\n14\n\"Careful What U Wish 4\"\nNorman Buckley\nTamar Laddy\nJanuary 24, 2011 (2011-01-24)\n3.17[14]\n\n\n\nAs the school gets ready for the dance-a-thon, Aria, Emily, Hanna and Spencer have more on their minds than raising money for the school trip to Washington, D.C. Hanna and her mother are having a financial crisis, but when 'A' leaves her an offer that would potentially break Lucas's heart but get her out of money troubles, will she be able to refuse? Emily can only think of Maya and is desperate to speak to her -- so much so that she enlists the help of Caleb, the new bad boy in the school. And as an important piece of property goes missing, Spencer finds being in close quarters with her new brother-in-law, Ian, more difficult than ever. Meanwhile, Aria's former babysitter, Simone (Alona Tal), comes back to town for a surprise visit. But what should be a happy reunion quickly becomes a nightmare for Aria when Simone sets her sights on Ezra.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' receives their black jacket and gloves from Ella Montgomery at the dance-a-thon.\n\n\n15\n15\n\"If at First You Don't Succeed, Lie, Lie Again\"\nRon Lagomarsino\nMaya Goldsmith\nJanuary 31, 2011 (2011-01-31)\n3.19[15]\n\n\n\nThe girls try to resume a sense of normalcy in their lives, but even the simple tasks of dating and extra-curricular activities meet with strife. Emily must deal with a jealous teammate (Lindsey Shaw) who is threatened by Emily's return to the pool, as Aria and Ezra plan their first date out in the open. And Hanna is still stuck playing \"A’s\" game, but the next hurdle might just have complications for another Liar. With \"A\" pulling the strings and making matters worse, will the girls be able to weather the storm and lie their way out of it, or will they have to face the ugly truths? Meanwhile, Spencer turns to Ali's brother, Jason, for information about the night they believe Alison died, only to have to face part of her unpleasant past with Ali.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' visits the bead lady and receives a cup of tea as the lady tells her she has done what 'A' told her to do.\n\n\n16\n16\n\"Je Suis Une Amie\"\nChris Grismer\nBryan M. Holdman\nFebruary 7, 2011 (2011-02-07)\n3.14[16]\n\n\n\nA crucial swim meet for the Rosewood Sharks is the setting for Aria, Emily, Hanna and Spencer to experience a lot of turmoil. Emily and Paige go for round two, as they are pitted against each other to compete for the anchor leg of the big race. And Caleb calls in his favor with a guilty Hanna as she tries to deter Aria from asking too many questions about Ella's ticket to the museum opening. Meanwhile, Spencer takes on the task of tutoring Toby in French to try to get some answers.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' listens to a French tutorial while arranging different objects.\n\n\n17\n17\n\"The New Normal\"\nMichael Grossman\nJoseph Dougherty\nFebruary 14, 2011 (2011-02-14)\n2.35[17]\n\n\n\nAria's dad has a parent-teacher interview with Ezra. Meanwhile Toby and Spencer start to get closer. And Spencer and the girls realized what the note means. Hanna's mom gets in trouble when Mrs. Potter's alleged nephew tries to access Mrs. Potter's safety deposit. Paiges' father shows up at the school and makes a huge scene in the school cafeteria, demanding an answer to why Emily is the swim team captain and not his daughter. He thinks Emily is getting special treatment because she is gay. Later, when Emily is in her car, Paige shows up and kisses her. She quickly leaves saying, \"Don't tell.\"\n\n'A' ending: 'A' places flowers on top of Mrs. Esther Marie Potter's grave.\n\n\n18\n18\n\"The Badass Seed\"\nPaul Lazarus\nOliver Goldstick & Francesca Rollins\nFebruary 21, 2011 (2011-02-21)\n2.90[18]\n\n\n\nThe girls are doing a play together; when they finish rehearsing they find a trophy with blood on it, making them think its Alison's blood... but it turns out to be rat's blood; they all revisit memories about when they crashed a frat party; Aria uses the play to get closer to Mr. Fitz; Hanna and Caleb kiss; the police come after the girls at the end with some questions.\n\n'A' ending: Four cages are shown in 'A's' house with a rat in each of them with the name of the Liars. The cage with the rat named Spencer is missing.\n\n\n19\n19\n\"A Person of Interest\"\nRon Lagomarsino\nI. Marlene King & Jonell Lennon\nFebruary 28, 2011 (2011-02-28)\n2.69[19]\n\n\n\nAfter a shocking revelation from the police, the spotlight is turned on the four little liars who look to be crying wolf. But with everything pointing to Ian, how could the girls be wrong? Or could this be just another game \"A\" is playing with them? With the cops now demanding answers from Aria, Emily, Hanna and Spencer, will the girls come clean about \"A,\" or are some secrets better left buried? The police take a special interest in Spencer, who accuses Ian of murder. The truth surrounding what happened in Hilton Head is revealed. Meanwhile, secret relationships take a toll on some of the Liars while others blossom. Hanna loses her virginity to Caleb. Love is not for the faint of heart. At the end of the episode Toby and Spencer kiss. When she gets home the cops are there, the secret is revealed that her and Ian were hooking up.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' watches a footage of the girls receiving 'A's' texts while eating popcorn, and replays the video.\n\n\n20\n20\n\"Someone to Watch Over Me\"\nArlene Sanford\nJoseph Dougherty\nMarch 7, 2011 (2011-03-07)\n2.95[20]\n\n\n\nAs the heat is turned up on the suspicions surrounding Spencer, the girls must come to the reality that they aren't the only ones hiding secrets in Rosewood. Emily and Aria overhear Caleb arguing with someone on the phone about Hanna. They tell Hanna they believe it was a girl, and soon they see Jenna with a pendant Hanna thought Caleb intended for her -- and which turns out to be a flash drive. Hanna confronts Caleb, who says he's been spying for Jenna and she kicks him out of the house for good. Later, Hanna runs into Jenna in the school restroom and slaps her. Jenna cries, and this is the second time we see her face. Aria's mom finds out Aria is dating someone, and tries to find out whom. Aria's dad soon joins in the investigation and nearly finds out about Ezra, until Aria's parents fight over whether they should pry into Aria's life, reversing their reconciliation. Ian encourages Spencer to run away, and Toby asks her not to. Spencer's mother tells Spencer that the police have new evidence against her, but that she thinks Spencer is innocent. Emily and Paige reconcile after Paige reconciles herself to being gay.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' smashes a glass heart with Hanna's name on it, and puts it in a box with a letter to Hanna.\n\n\n21\n21\n\"Monsters in the End\"\nChris Grismer\nOliver Goldstick\nMarch 14, 2011 (2011-03-14)\n2.94[21]\n\n\n\nEveryone has something to hide – whether it be a secret romance, who they really are and what their true intentions are. For Mr. Fitz, he's hiding an old romance with a girl he met in college, Jackie Molina, whom he had been engaged to but never married, which makes Aria suspicious and Hanna aids her in creating a fake account and friending her to find out more about her. Paige gets hurt when Emily cancels a date with her to the Founders Festival; Emily is tired of being Paige's secret. Emily finds a storage key, the one Jenna has been looking for, in a snow globe Ali gave her after she admitted Emily was the \"only person she could be completely honest with\". Caleb comes to the Marins' home to drop off a letter for Hanna and let Ashley know that he is leaving Rosewood to go to Arizona for good, but when Ashley suggests he deliver the letter to Hanna at the festival in person, Mona has her own way with the letter. Spencer finds out some more information about Ian, Melissa, and Alison at Hilton Head while preparing for the festival; and a meet with Toby at the festival at night goes wrong when someone traps Spencer in a scary funhouse. However, Ian rescues her, but when they start to leave, Spencer runs up to Toby and they lock each other in a loving embrace and kiss, to which Spencer's family sees this. Garrett confronts Ezra (after seeing Aria leave his place) and sees the props Aria and Ezra used for a couple photo (out of a fit of jealousy about Jackie and Ezra's old couple photo in Italy.) The girls visit the storage room, where they see Ali's old lunchbox with a flash drive in it. They realize that someone has been recording a video of and watching Alison, Aria, Emily, Spencer, and Hanna all this time and wonder who could have been spying on them.\n\n'A' ending: 'A' swipes the key from underneath Ezra's doormat.\n\n\n22\n22\n\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nLesli Linka Glatter\nI. Marlene King\nMarch 21, 2011 (2011-03-21)\n3.64[22]\n\n\nNow that Aria, Emily, Hanna, and Spencer are in possession of the information that Alison left them, the girls decide that it's time to finally put an end to \"A\" and the mystery surrounding their friend. They turn to Jenna, finding out what Alison spoke to her about in the hospital; how she threatened Jenna with the video if she didn't keep their secret. Hanna is confused when she is told by her mother that Caleb was going to the festival to give her a letter before he left town. Mona tries covering it up but when she is having a mysterious phone call about Hanna's well-being, Lucas tells her she's wrong and Hanna deserves to be happy. Spencer buys a prepaid phone to tell Ian that they found the video and to come to the park with $10,000. Aria's mother has a get together with all of the teachers, but Aria is shocked to see Ezra's past love show up. Spencer is shunned when she cracks a joke about Melissa's baby's christening, but regrets it since the baby is just Ian's spawn, not Ian. Jenna is shown worrying about the repercussions of the video getting out into society, and it is revealed that she is secretly dating Garret, who consoles her and promises to keep her safe. When Melissa (stood up at the church by Ian) senses something wrong and cannot find her phone, Spencer offers to drive her to the church to find her phone, but they get into a car accident, leaving Melissa's baby in danger. After Emily, Hanna, Aria, and Garret go to the park to find Ian, a messenger shows up giving them the money instead of Ian. Back at the church searching for Melissa's phone, Spencer finds Ian instead. He chases her up the stairs and attacks her, revealing that it was Ian who said he pushed Alison knocking her unconscious, even though Spencer knows Alison died of suffocation. Ian pushes Spencer but she latches onto his leg, screaming for help. A hooded figure comes up to them, and Ian questions why he/she is there. The figure pushes Ian, making him plummet to his death. When the police show up to get the body, they think the girls are lying because Ian is nowhere to be found. But without certain proof, they cannot justify that he was actually there attempting to murder Spencer. As the girls walk out of the church, still shaken about the near death experience, they receive a text from A stating, \"It's not over until I say it is. Sleep tight while you still can, bitches. -A.\"\n\n" ]

[ "March 21, 2011" ]

[ "The formal history of the Church of England is traditionally dated by the Church to the Gregorian mission to England by Saint Augustine of Canterbury in AD 597.[1] As a result of Augustine's mission, Christianity in England, from Anglican (English) perspective, came under the authority of the Pope. However, in 1534 King Henry VIII declared himself to be supreme head of the Church of England. This resulted in a schism with the Papacy. As a result of this schism, many non-Anglicans consider that the Church of England only existed from the 16th century Protestant Reformation." ]

[ "King Henry VIII" ]

[ "\nThe film may be soaked in water to swell the gelatin layer, facilitating the action of the subsequent chemical treatments.\nThe developer converts the latent image to macroscopic particles of metallic silver.[3]\nA stop bath,† typically a dilute solution of acetic acid or citric acid, halts the action of the developer. A rinse with clean water may be substituted.\nThe fixer makes the image permanent and light-resistant by dissolving remaining silver halide. A common fixer is hypo, specifically ammonium thiosulfate.[4]\nWashing in clean water removes any remaining fixer. Residual fixer can corrode the silver image, leading to discolouration, staining and fading.[citation needed]\n" ]

[ "silver halide" ]

[ "Chamling is the longest standing current Chief minister of any state in India and the second longest serving Chief minister after India's independence, behind Jyoti Basu. Prior to establishing the Sikkim Democratic Front, Chamling served as Minister for Industries, Information and Public Relations from 1989 to 1992 in the Nar Bahadur Bhandari cabinet." ]

[ "Chamling" ]

[ "Atticus Finch is the middle-aged father of Jem and Scout Finch. He is a lawyer and was once known as \"the deadliest shot in Maycomb County\". Although he was a good shot, he does not like to mention the fact as he does not like the thought of having an advantage over people. He appears to support racial equality and was appointed to represent Tom Robinson, a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman, Mayella Ewell. The town disapproves of him defending Tom especially when he makes clear his intent to defend Tom Robinson to the best of his abilities. He is portrayed by Gregory Peck in the film adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird." ]

[ "Atticus Finch" ]

[ "This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram.[1] As of February 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 232 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 133 million followers.[2] Eight accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site." ]

[ "Selena Gomez" ]

[ "Lewis Hamilton holds the record for the most pole positions, having qualified first on 73 occasions. Michael Schumacher is second with 68 pole positions.[5]Ayrton Senna is third with 65 poles. Senna holds the record for the most consecutive poles; he qualified in first place eight Grands Prix in a row from the 1988 Spanish Grand Prix to the 1989 United States Grand Prix.[6] Sebastian Vettel is the youngest polesitter, he was 21 years, 72 days old when he qualified in first place for the 2008 Italian Grand Prix.[7] The oldest person to qualify in pole position was Nino Farina, who was 47 years, 79 days old when he was polesitter for the 1954 Argentine Grand Prix.[8] As of the 2017 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, 98 drivers have been on pole position in the 976 Grands Prix since the first World Championship race, the 1950 British Grand Prix.[9] From 2014 onwards the driver who achieves the most pole positions in a season is awarded the Pole Trophy. The inaugural Pole Trophy was won by Nico Rosberg; the 2015, 2016 and 2017 Trophies were won by Lewis Hamilton." ]

[ "Lewis Hamilton" ]

[ "\n\n\nName\nRank or role\nEpisodes†\nActor\n\n\nChristopher Foyle\nDetective Chief Superintendent, MI5 in series 7-8\nall\nMichael Kitchen\n\n\nSamantha Stewart\nPolice driver, MTC, MI5 in series 7-8\nall\nHoneysuckle Weeks\n\n\nPaul Milner\nDetective Sergeant (series 1-5), Detective Inspector (series 6)\n1-20, 22\nAnthony Howell\n\n\nAndrew Foyle\nDCS Foyle's son, RAF Plt Off/Fg Off/Flt Lt/Sqn Ldr, stockbroker in the City in series 8\n1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 19\nJulian Ovenden\n\n\nAdam Wainwright\nStewart's friend (later fiancé and husband); Member of Parliament in series 7-8\n20-28\nMax Brown (series 6), Daniel Weyman (series 7-8)\n\n\nHilda Pierce\nSpecial Operations Executive, MI5 in series 7-8\n7, 9, 19, 23-28\nEllie Haddington\n\n\nArthur Valentine\nMI5 senior member\n23-28\nTim McMullan\n\n\nSir Alec Myerson\nMI5\n24-28\nRupert Vansittart\n\n\nHugh Reid\nUniformed Superintendent\n2, 3, 4\nMichael Simkins\n\n\nJane Milner\nDS Milner's first wife\n2, 3, 5, 15\nMali Harries\n\n\nFisher\nPolice Constable\n2, 4\nFergus Webster\n\n\nEric Rivers\nPolice Sergeant\n5, 7, 9, 10, 12\nGeoffrey Freshwater\n\n\nTurner\nWing Commander (Andrew's superior)\n6, 10\nMartin Turner\n\n\nAlistair Rose\nAssistant Commissioner\n8, 12\nCorin Redgrave\n\n\nPerkins\nARP Warden\n12, 15, 16\nTony Turner\n\n\nIan Brooke\nPolice Sergeant\n13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19\nJay Simpson\n\n\nJoe Farnetti\nPrivate First Class, US Army; Stewart's boyfriend\n13, 14\nJonah Lotan\n\n\nEdith Ashford\nMilner's girlfriend, later his second wife\n14, 15, 19, 20\nCaroline Martin (series 4), Polly Maberly (series 5-6)\n\n\nAubrey Stewart\nStewart's uncle, a vicar\n9, 17\nBrian Poyser\n\n\nJohn Kiefer\nCaptain (later Major), U.S. Army: Farnetti's CO and Foyle's friend\n13, 19\nJay Benedict\n" ]

[ "Mali Harries" ]

[ "Sweetener is the fourth studio album by American singer Ariana Grande. It was released on August 17, 2018, through Republic Records.[4] The album is the follow-up to her 2016 studio album, Dangerous Woman, and features guest appearances from Pharrell Williams, Nicki Minaj and Missy Elliott.\n" ]

[ "August 17, 2018" ]

[ " SA80 \nL85A2, with an attached L123A2 Underbarrel Grenade Launcher (bottom)Type\nAssault rifleLight Support WeaponPlace of origin\nUnited KingdomService historyIn service\n1985–presentUsed by\nSee UsersWars\nSee ConflictsProduction historyDesigned\n1970s–1980sManufacturer\nRoyal Small Arms Factory, Ferranti[1][2]Produced\n1985–1994No. built\nApprox. 350,000Variants\nL85A1 RifleL85A2 Rifle L85A3 Rifle L86A1 Light Support WeaponL86A2 Light Support WeaponL22A2 CarbineL98A1 Cadet RifleL98A2 Cadet RifleSpecificationsWeight\n3.82 kg (8.4 lb) (L85A2 empty) 4.98 kg (11.0 lb) (L85A2 with SUSAT sight and loaded 30-round magazine)[3] 6.58 kg (14.5 lb) (L86A2 LSW with SUSAT sight and loaded magazine)[3] 3.52 kg (7.8 lb) (L22A1)Length\n785 mm (30.9 in) (L85A2[3] & L98A2) 900 mm (35.4 in) (L86A2 LSW)[3] 571 mm (22.5 in) (L22A1)Barrel length\n518 mm (20.4 in) (L85A2[3] & L98A2) 646 mm (25.4 in) (L86A2 LSW)[3] 285 mm (11.2 in) (L22A1)\nCartridge\n5.56×45mm NATOAction\nGas-operated, rotating boltRate of fire\n610-775 RPM[3]Muzzle velocity\n940 m/s (3,084 ft/s) (L85A2[3] & L98A2)970 m/s (3,182.4 ft/s) (L86A2 LSW)[3]Effective firing range\n300 m effective range used by one soldier. Effective at 600 m as a section using the LDS (lightweight day sight)[citation needed]Maximum firing range\n1000 m (L86A2)Feed system\n30-round detachable STANAG magazine30-round detachable polymer Magpul EMAGSights\nTelescopic SUSAT, ACOG and ELCAN LDS scopes, aperture iron sights" ]

[ "30-round" ]

[ "The Hatter introduced in Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland wears a large top hat with a hatband reading \"In this style 10/6\". This is the hat's price tag, indicative of The Hatter's trade, and giving the price in pre-decimal British money as ten shillings and six pence (or half a guinea)." ]

[ "In this style 10/6" ]

[ "The Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine (German: Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen or Elsass-Lothringen, French: Terre d'Empire d'Alsace-Lorraine or Alsace-Moselle) was a territory created by the German Empire in 1871, after it annexed most of Alsace and the Moselle department of Lorraine following its victory in the Franco-Prussian War. The Alsatian part lay in the Rhine Valley on the west bank of the Rhine River and east of the Vosges Mountains. The Lorraine section was in the upper Moselle valley to the north of the Vosges." ]

[ "1871" ]

[ "Chandler works as an IT procurements manager with the specialization \"Statistical analysis and data reconfiguration,\" but loathes it. In Season 9, he quits his job and Monica helps him start a new career in advertising." ]

[ "new career in advertising" ]

[ "Scoring over 10,000 runs across a playing career in any format of cricket is considered a significant achievement.[1][2][3] In the year 2001, Sachin Tendulkar became the first player to score 10,000 runs in ODIs, while playing a match during the bi-lateral series against Australia at home.[4] In the chase for achieving top scores, West Indies' Desmond Haynes retired as the most prolific run-scorer in One Day Internationals (ODIs), with a total of 8,648 runs in 1994. The record stood for four years until it was broken by India's Mohammed Azharuddin.[5] Azharuddin remained the top-scorer in the format until his compatriot Sachin Tendulkar passed him in October 2000.[6] \nAs of July 2018, twelve players—from six teams that are Full members of the International Cricket Council—have scored more than 10,000 runs in ODIs. Four of these are from Sri Lanka and from India. The rest are one player each from Pakistan, Australia, West Indies, and South Africa.[7] Bangladesh, England, New Zealand, and Zimbabwe are yet to have a player reach the 10,000-run mark in this format.\n" ]

[ "Sachin Tendulkar" ]

[ "\nFAC – factual report\nFAC - first aid case\nFACHV – four-arm calliper log\nFANAL – formation analysis sheet log\nFAT – factory acceptance testing\nFBE – fusion-bonded epoxy\nFC – float collar\nFCGT - Flood Clean Gauge Test\nFCP – final circulating pressure\nFCV - Flow Control Valve\nFCVE – F-curve log\nFDC – formation density log\nFDF - Forced Draft Fan\nFDP – Field Development Plan\nFDS – functional design specification\nFEED – front-end engineering design\nFER – field equipment room\nFEWD – formation evaluation while drilling\nFFAC – formation factor log\nFFM – full field model\nFG - Fiberglass\nFGHT - Flood Gauge Hydrotest\nFRP - Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics\nFGEOL – final geological report\nFH – full-hole tool joint\nFI – final inspection\nFID – final investment decision\nFID - flame ionisation detection\nFIL – FIL log\nFI(M) – free issue (materials)\nFINST – final stratigraphic report\nFINTP – formation interpretation\nFIP – flow-induced pulsation\nFIT – fairing intervention tool\nFIT – fluid identification test\nFIT – formation integrity test\nFIT – formation interval tester\nFIV – flow-induced vibration\nFIV – formation isolation valve\nFJC - Field Joint Coating\nFL – F log\nFLAP - fluid level above pump\nFLDF - Flying Lead Deployment Frame\nFLIV – flowline injection valve\nFLIV – flowline isolation valve\nFLET - Flowline End Termination\naFLET - Actuated Flowline End Termination\nFLNG - Floating liquefied natural gas\nFLOG – FLOG PHIX RHGX Log\nFLOPR – flow profile report\nFLOT – flying lead orientation tool\nFLOW – flow and buildup test report\nFLRA – field-level risk assessment\nFLS – fluid sample\nFLT – fault (geology)\nFMEA – failure modes, & effects analysis\nFMECA – failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis\nFMI – formation micro imaging log (azimuthal microresistivity)\nFMP – formation microscan report\nFMP - Field Management Plan\nFMS – formation multi-scan log; formation micro-scan log\nFMT - Flow Management Tool\nFMTAN – FMT analysis report\nFOBOT - Fibre Optic Break Out Tray\nFOET – Further Offshore Emergency Training\nFOF - Face of Flange\nFOSA - Field Operating Services Agreement\nFOSV – full-opening safety valve\nFPDM – fracture potential and domain modelling/mapping[8][9]\nFPH – feet per hour\nFPIT – free-point indicator tool\nFPL – flow analysis log\nFPLAN – field plan log\nFPS - field production system\nFPSO – floating production storage and offloading vessel\nFPU – floating processing unit\nFRA – fracture log\nFRARE – fracture report\nFRES – final reserve report\nFS – fail safe\nFSB – flowline support base\nFSI – flawless start-up initiative\nFSLT - Flexible Sealine Lifting Tool\nFSO – floating storage offloading vessel\nFSR - Facility Status Report\nFT – formation tester log\nFTM – fire-team member\nFTP – first tranche petroleum\nFTR – Function Test Report\nFTRE – formation testing report\nFULDI – full diameter study report\nFV – funnel viscosity or float valve\nFWHP – flowing well-head pressure\nFWKO – free water knock-out\nFWL – free water level\nFWR – final well report\nFWV – flow wing valve (also known as production wing valve on a xmas tree)\nF_L - FNL/FEL, from north/east line\n", "\nFAC – factual report\nFAC - first aid case\nFACHV – four-arm calliper log\nFANAL – formation analysis sheet log\nFAT – factory acceptance testing\nFBE – fusion-bonded epoxy\nFC – float collar\nFCGT - Flood Clean Gauge Test\nFCP – final circulating pressure\nFCV - Flow Control Valve\nFCVE – F-curve log\nFDC – formation density log\nFDF - Forced Draft Fan\nFDP – Field Development Plan\nFDS – functional design specification\nFEED – front-end engineering design\nFER – field equipment room\nFEWD – formation evaluation while drilling\nFFAC – formation factor log\nFFM – full field model\nFG - Fiberglass\nFGHT - Flood Gauge Hydrotest\nFRP - Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics\nFGEOL – final geological report\nFH – full-hole tool joint\nFI – final inspection\nFID – final investment decision\nFID - flame ionisation detection\nFIL – FIL log\nFI(M) – free issue (materials)\nFINST – final stratigraphic report\nFINTP – formation interpretation\nFIP – flow-induced pulsation\nFIT – fairing intervention tool\nFIT – fluid identification test\nFIT – formation integrity test\nFIT – formation interval tester\nFIV – flow-induced vibration\nFIV – formation isolation valve\nFJC - Field Joint Coating\nFL – F log\nFLAP - fluid level above pump\nFLDF - Flying Lead Deployment Frame\nFLIV – flowline injection valve\nFLIV – flowline isolation valve\nFLET - Flowline End Termination\naFLET - Actuated Flowline End Termination\nFLNG - Floating liquefied natural gas\nFLOG – FLOG PHIX RHGX Log\nFLOPR – flow profile report\nFLOT – flying lead orientation tool\nFLOW – flow and buildup test report\nFLRA – field-level risk assessment\nFLS – fluid sample\nFLT – fault (geology)\nFMEA – failure modes, & effects analysis\nFMECA – failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis\nFMI – formation micro imaging log (azimuthal microresistivity)\nFMP – formation microscan report\nFMP - Field Management Plan\nFMS – formation multi-scan log; formation micro-scan log\nFMT - Flow Management Tool\nFMTAN – FMT analysis report\nFOBOT - Fibre Optic Break Out Tray\nFOET – Further Offshore Emergency Training\nFOF - Face of Flange\nFOSA - Field Operating Services Agreement\nFOSV – full-opening safety valve\nFPDM – fracture potential and domain modelling/mapping[8][9]\nFPH – feet per hour\nFPIT – free-point indicator tool\nFPL – flow analysis log\nFPLAN – field plan log\nFPS - field production system\nFPSO – floating production storage and offloading vessel\nFPU – floating processing unit\nFRA – fracture log\nFRARE – fracture report\nFRES – final reserve report\nFS – fail safe\nFSB – flowline support base\nFSI – flawless start-up initiative\nFSLT - Flexible Sealine Lifting Tool\nFSO – floating storage offloading vessel\nFSR - Facility Status Report\nFT – formation tester log\nFTM – fire-team member\nFTP – first tranche petroleum\nFTR – Function Test Report\nFTRE – formation testing report\nFULDI – full diameter study report\nFV – funnel viscosity or float valve\nFWHP – flowing well-head pressure\nFWKO – free water knock-out\nFWL – free water level\nFWR – final well report\nFWV – flow wing valve (also known as production wing valve on a xmas tree)\nF_L - FNL/FEL, from north/east line\n" ]

[ "final investment decision", "flame ionisation detection" ]

[ "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 22 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies – UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985.[1] Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999.[2]\n" ]

[ "Real Madrid" ]

[ "Some polychaetes exhibit remarkable reproductive strategies. Some species in the genus Eunicie reproduce by epitoky. For much of the year, these worms look like any other burrow-dwelling polychaete, but as the breeding season approaches, the worm undergoes a remarkable transformation as new, specialized segments begin to grow from its rear end until the worm can be clearly divided into two halves. The front half, the atoke, is asexual. The new rear half, responsible for breeding, is known as the epitoke. Each of the epitoke segments is packed with eggs and sperm and features a single eyespot on its surface. The beginning of the last lunar quarter is the cue for these animals to breed, and the epitokes break free from the atokes and float to the surface. The eye spots sense when the epitoke reaches the surface and the segments from millions of worms burst, releasing their eggs and sperm into the water.[9]\n" ]

[ "rear end" ]

[ "Manufactured in East Liberty, Ohio, the Element was offered with front-wheel or all-wheel drive in the United States and Canada from model years 2003[2] through 2011.[3]" ]

[ "2003[2] through 2011" ]

[ "\n\nYear\nMasters Tournament[23]\nU.S. Open[24]\nThe Open Championship[25]\nPGA Championship[26]\n\n\n2018\nApril 5–8, Augusta National\nJune 14–17, Shinnecock Hills\nJuly 19–22, Carnoustie Golf Links\nAugust 9–12, Bellerive Country Club\n\n\n2017\n Sergio García\n Brooks Koepka\n Jordan Spieth (3/3)\n Justin Thomas\n\n\n2016\n Danny Willett\n Dustin Johnson\n Henrik Stenson\n Jimmy Walker\n\n\n2015\n Jordan Spieth (1/3)\n Jordan Spieth (2/3)\n Zach Johnson (2/2)\n Jason Day\n\n\n2014\n Bubba Watson (2/2)\n Martin Kaymer (2/2)\n Rory McIlroy (3/4)\n Rory McIlroy (4/4)\n\n\n2013\n Adam Scott\n Justin Rose\n Phil Mickelson (5/5)\n Jason Dufner\n\n\n2012\n Bubba Watson (1/2)\n Webb Simpson\n Ernie Els (4/4)\n Rory McIlroy (2/4)\n\n\n2011\n Charl Schwartzel\n Rory McIlroy (1/4)\n Darren Clarke\n Keegan Bradley\n\n\n2010\n Phil Mickelson (4/5)\n Graeme McDowell\n Louis Oosthuizen\n Martin Kaymer (1/2)\n\n\n2009\n Ángel Cabrera (2/2)\n Lucas Glover\n Stewart Cink\n Yang Yong-eun\n\n\n2008\n Trevor Immelman\n Tiger Woods (14/14)\n Pádraig Harrington (2/3)\n Pádraig Harrington (3/3)\n\n\n2007\n Zach Johnson (1/2)\n Ángel Cabrera (1/2)\n Pádraig Harrington (1/3)\n Tiger Woods (13/14)\n\n\n2006\n Phil Mickelson (3/5)\n Geoff Ogilvy\n Tiger Woods (11/14)\n Tiger Woods (12/14)\n\n\n2005\n Tiger Woods (9/14)\n Michael Campbell\n Tiger Woods (10/14)\n Phil Mickelson (2/5)\n\n\n2004\n Phil Mickelson (1/5)\n Retief Goosen (2/2)\n Todd Hamilton\n Vijay Singh (3/3)\n\n\n2003\n Mike Weir\n Jim Furyk\n Ben Curtis\n Shaun Micheel\n\n\n2002\n Tiger Woods (7/14)\n Tiger Woods (8/14)\n Ernie Els (3/4)\n Rich Beem\n\n\n2001\n Tiger Woods (6/14)\n Retief Goosen (1/2)\n David Duval\n David Toms\n\n\n2000\n Vijay Singh (2/3)\n Tiger Woods (3/14)\n Tiger Woods (4/14)\n Tiger Woods (5/14)\n\n\n1999\n José María Olazábal (2/2)\n Payne Stewart (3/3)\n Paul Lawrie\n Tiger Woods (2/14)\n\n\n1998\n Mark O'Meara (1/2)\n Lee Janzen (2/2)\n Mark O'Meara (2/2)\n Vijay Singh (1/3)\n\n\n1997\n Tiger Woods (1/14)\n Ernie Els (2/4)\n Justin Leonard\n Davis Love III\n\n\n1996\n Nick Faldo (6/6)\n Steve Jones\n Tom Lehman\n Mark Brooks\n\n\n1995\n Ben Crenshaw (2/2)\n Corey Pavin\n John Daly (2/2)\n Steve Elkington\n\n\n1994\n José María Olazábal (1/2)\n Ernie Els (1/4)\n Nick Price (2/3)\n Nick Price (3/3)\n\n\n1993\n Bernhard Langer (2/2)\n Lee Janzen (1/2)\n Greg Norman (2/2)\n Paul Azinger\n\n\n1992\n Fred Couples\n Tom Kite\n Nick Faldo (5/6)\n Nick Price (1/3)\n\n\n1991\n Ian Woosnam\n Payne Stewart (2/3)\n Ian Baker-Finch\n John Daly (1/2)\n\n\n1990\n Nick Faldo (3/6)\n Hale Irwin (3/3)\n Nick Faldo (4/6)\n Wayne Grady\n\n\n1989\n Nick Faldo (2/6)\n Curtis Strange (2/2)\n Mark Calcavecchia\n Payne Stewart (1/3)\n\n\n1988\n Sandy Lyle (2/2)\n Curtis Strange (1/2)\n Seve Ballesteros (5/5)\n Jeff Sluman\n\n\n1987\n Larry Mize\n Scott Simpson\n Nick Faldo (1/6)\n Larry Nelson (3/3)\n\n\n1986\n Jack Nicklaus (18/18)\n Raymond Floyd (4/4)\n Greg Norman (1/2)\n Bob Tway\n\n\n1985\n Bernhard Langer (1/2)\n Andy North (2/2)\n Sandy Lyle (1/2)\n Hubert Green (2/2)\n\n\n1984\n Ben Crenshaw (1/2)\n Fuzzy Zoeller (2/2)\n Seve Ballesteros (4/5)\n Lee Trevino (6/6)\n\n\n1983\n Seve Ballesteros (3/5)\n Larry Nelson (2/3)\n Tom Watson (8/8)\n Hal Sutton\n\n\n1982\n Craig Stadler\n Tom Watson (6/8)\n Tom Watson (7/8)\n Raymond Floyd (3/4)\n\n\n1981\n Tom Watson (5/8)\n David Graham (2/2)\n Bill Rogers\n Larry Nelson (1/3)\n\n\n1980\n Seve Ballesteros (2/5)\n Jack Nicklaus (16/18)\n Tom Watson (4/8)\n Jack Nicklaus (17/18)\n\n\n1979\n Fuzzy Zoeller (1/2)\n Hale Irwin (2/3)\n Seve Ballesteros (1/5)\n David Graham (1/2)\n\n\n1978\n Gary Player (9/9)\n Andy North (1/2)\n Jack Nicklaus (15/18)\n John Mahaffey\n\n\n1977\n Tom Watson (2/8)\n Hubert Green (1/2)\n Tom Watson (3/8)\n Lanny Wadkins\n\n\n1976\n Raymond Floyd (2/4)\n Jerry Pate\n Johnny Miller (2/2)\n Dave Stockton (2/2)\n\n\n1975\n Jack Nicklaus (13/18)\n Lou Graham\n Tom Watson (1/8)\n Jack Nicklaus (14/18)\n\n\n1974\n Gary Player (7/9)\n Hale Irwin (1/3)\n Gary Player (8/9)\n Lee Trevino (5/6)\n\n\n1973\n Tommy Aaron\n Johnny Miller (1/2)\n Tom Weiskopf\n Jack Nicklaus (12/18)\n\n\n1972\n Jack Nicklaus (10/18)\n Jack Nicklaus (11/18)\n Lee Trevino (4/6)\n Gary Player (6/9)\n\n\n1971\n Charles Coody\n Lee Trevino (2/6)\n Lee Trevino (3/6)\n Jack Nicklaus (9/18)\n\n\n1970\n Billy Casper (3/3)\n Tony Jacklin (2/2)\n Jack Nicklaus (8/18)\n Dave Stockton (1/2)\n\n\n1969\n George Archer\n Orville Moody\n Tony Jacklin (1/2)\n Raymond Floyd (1/4)\n\n\n1968\n Bob Goalby\n Lee Trevino (1/6)\n Gary Player (5/9)\n Julius Boros (3/3)\n\n\n1967\n Gay Brewer\n Jack Nicklaus (7/18)\n Roberto DeVicenzo\n Don January\n\n\n1966\n Jack Nicklaus (5/18)\n Billy Casper (2/3)\n Jack Nicklaus (6/18)\n Al Geiberger\n\n\n1965\n Jack Nicklaus (4/18)\n Gary Player (4/9)\n Peter Thomson (5/5)\n Dave Marr\n\n\n1964\n Arnold Palmer (7/7)\n Ken Venturi\n Tony Lema\n Bobby Nichols\n\n\n1963\n Jack Nicklaus (2/18)\n Julius Boros (2/3)\n Bob Charles\n Jack Nicklaus (3/18)\n\n\n1962\n Arnold Palmer (5/7)\n Jack Nicklaus (1/18)\n Arnold Palmer (6/7)\n Gary Player (3/9)\n\n\n1961\n Gary Player (2/9)\n Gene Littler\n Arnold Palmer (4/7)\n Jerry Barber\n\n\n1960\n Arnold Palmer (2/7)\n Arnold Palmer (3/7)\n Kel Nagle\n Jay Hebert\n\n\n1959\n Art Wall, Jr.\n Billy Casper (1/3)\n Gary Player (1/9)\n Bob Rosburg\n\n\n1958\n Arnold Palmer (1/7)\n Tommy Bolt\n Peter Thomson (4/5)\n Dow Finsterwald\n\n\n1957\n Doug Ford (2/2)\n Dick Mayer\n Bobby Locke (4/4)\n Lionel Hebert\n\n\n1956\n Jack Burke, Jr. (1/2)\n Cary Middlecoff (3/3)\n Peter Thomson (3/5)\n Jack Burke, Jr. (2/2)\n\n\n1955\n Cary Middlecoff (2/3)\n Jack Fleck\n Peter Thomson (2/5)\n Doug Ford (1/2)\n\n\n1954\n Sam Snead (7/7)\n Ed Furgol\n Peter Thomson (1/5)\n Chick Harbert\n\n\n1953\n Ben Hogan (7/9)\n Ben Hogan (8/9)\n Ben Hogan (9/9)\n Walter Burkemo\n\n\n1952\n Sam Snead (6/7)\n Julius Boros (1/3)\n Bobby Locke (3/4)\n Jim Turnesa\n\n\n1951\n Ben Hogan (5/9)\n Ben Hogan (6/9)\n Max Faulkner\n Sam Snead (5/7)\n\n\n1950\n Jimmy Demaret (3/3)\n Ben Hogan (4/9)\n Bobby Locke (2/4)\n Chandler Harper\n\n\n1949\n Sam Snead (3/7)\n Cary Middlecoff (1/3)\n Bobby Locke (1/4)\n Sam Snead (4/7)\n\n\n1948\n Claude Harmon\n Ben Hogan (3/9)\n Henry Cotton (3/3)\n Ben Hogan (2/9)\n\n\n1947\n Jimmy Demaret (2/3)\n Lew Worsham\n Fred Daly\n Jim Ferrier\n\n\n1946\n Herman Keiser\n Lloyd Mangrum\n Sam Snead (2/7)\n Ben Hogan (1/9)\n\n\n1945\nNot held due to World War II\nNot held due to World War II\nNot held due to World War II\n Byron Nelson (5/5)\n\n\n1944\n Bob Hamilton\n\n\n1943\nNot held due to World War II\n\n\n1942\n Byron Nelson (4/5)\n Sam Snead (1/7)\n\n\n1941\n Craig Wood (1/2)\n Craig Wood (2/2)\n Vic Ghezzi\n\n\n1940\n Jimmy Demaret (1/3)\n Lawson Little\n Byron Nelson (3/5)\n\n\n1939\n Ralph Guldahl (3/3)\n Byron Nelson (2/5)\n Dick Burton\n Henry Picard (2/2)\n\n\n1938\n Henry Picard (1/2)\n Ralph Guldahl (2/3)\n Reg Whitcombe\n Paul Runyan (2/2)\n\n\n1937\n Byron Nelson (1/5)\n Ralph Guldahl (1/3)\n Henry Cotton (2/3)\n Denny Shute (3/3)\n\n\n1936\n Horton Smith (2/2)\n Tony Manero\n Alf Padgham\n Denny Shute (2/3)\n\n\n1935\n Gene Sarazen (7/7)\n Sam Parks, Jr.\n Alf Perry\n Johnny Revolta\n\n\n1934\n Horton Smith (1/2)\n Olin Dutra (2/2)\n Henry Cotton (1/3)\n Paul Runyan (1/2)\n\n\n1933\nNot yet founded\n Johnny Goodman\n Denny Shute (1/3)\n Gene Sarazen (6/7)\n\n\n1932\n Gene Sarazen (5/7)\n Gene Sarazen (4/7)\n Olin Dutra (1/2)\n\n\n1931\n Billy Burke\n Tommy Armour (3/3)\n Tom Creavy\n\n\n1930\n Bobby Jones (7/7)\n Bobby Jones (6/7)\n Tommy Armour (2/3)\n\n\n1929\n Bobby Jones (5/7)\n Walter Hagen (11/11)\n Leo Diegel (2/2)\n\n\n1928\n Johnny Farrell\n Walter Hagen (10/11)\n Leo Diegel (1/2)\n\n\n1927\n Tommy Armour (1/3)\n Bobby Jones (4/7)\n Walter Hagen (9/11)\n\n\n1926\n Bobby Jones (3/7)\n Bobby Jones (2/7)\n Walter Hagen (8/11)\n\n\n1925\n Willie MacFarlane\n Jim Barnes (4/4)\n Walter Hagen (7/11)\n\n\n1924\n Cyril Walker\n Walter Hagen (5/11)\n Walter Hagen (6/11)\n\n\n1923\n Bobby Jones (1/7)\n Arthur Havers\n Gene Sarazen (3/7)\n\n\n1922\n Gene Sarazen (1/7)\n Walter Hagen (4/11)\n Gene Sarazen (2/7)\n\n\n1921\n Jim Barnes (3/4)\n Jock Hutchison (2/2)\n Walter Hagen (3/11)\n\n\n1920\n Ted Ray (2/2)\n George Duncan\n Jock Hutchison (1/2)\n\n\n1919\n Walter Hagen (2/11)\nNot held due to World War I\n Jim Barnes (2/4)\n\n\n1918\nNot held due to World War I\nNot held due to World War I\n\n\n1917\n\n\n1916\n Chick Evans\n Jim Barnes (1/4)\n\n\n1915\n Jerome Travers\nNot yet founded\n\n\n1914\n Walter Hagen (1/11)\n Harry Vardon (7/7)\n\n\n1913\n Francis Ouimet\n John Henry Taylor (5/5)\n\n\n1912\n John McDermott (2/2)\n Ted Ray (1/2)\n\n\n1911\n John McDermott (1/2)\n Harry Vardon (6/7)\n\n\n1910\n Alex Smith (2/2)\n James Braid (5/5)\n\n\n1909\n George Sargent\n John Henry Taylor (4/5)\n\n\n1908\n Fred McLeod\n James Braid (4/5)\n\n\n1907\n Alec Ross\n Arnaud Massy\n\n\n1906\n Alex Smith (1/2)\n James Braid (3/5)\n\n\n1905\n Willie Anderson (4/4)\n James Braid (2/5)\n\n\n1904\n Willie Anderson (3/4)\n Jack White\n\n\n1903\n Willie Anderson (2/4)\n Harry Vardon (5/7)\n\n\n1902\n Laurie Auchterlonie\n Sandy Herd\n\n\n1901\n Willie Anderson (1/4)\n James Braid (1/5)\n\n\n1900\n Harry Vardon (4/7)\n John Henry Taylor (3/5)\n\n\n1899\n Willie Smith\n Harry Vardon (3/7)\n\n\n1898\n Fred Herd\n Harry Vardon (2/7)\n\n\n1897\n Joe Lloyd\n Harold Hilton (2/2)\n\n\n1896\n James Foulis\n Harry Vardon (1/7)\n\n\n1895\n Horace Rawlins\n John Henry Taylor (2/5)\n\n\n1894\nNot yet founded\n John Henry Taylor (1/5)\n\n\n1893\n Willie Auchterlonie\n\n\n1892\n Harold Hilton (1/2)\n\n\n1891\n Hugh Kirkaldy\n\n\n1890\n John Ball, Jnr\n\n\n1889\n Willie Park, Jr. (2/2)\n\n\n1888\n Jack Burns\n\n\n1887\n Willie Park, Jr. (1/2)\n\n\n1886\n David Brown\n\n\n1885\n Bob Martin (2/2)\n\n\n1884\n Jack Simpson\n\n\n1883\n Willie Fernie\n\n\n1882\n Bob Ferguson (3/3)\n\n\n1881\n Bob Ferguson (2/3)\n\n\n1880\n Bob Ferguson (1/3)\n\n\n1879\n Jamie Anderson (3/3)\n\n\n1878\n Jamie Anderson (2/3)\n\n\n1877\n Jamie Anderson (1/3)\n\n\n1876\n Bob Martin (1/2)\n\n\n1875\n Willie Park, Sr. (4/4)\n\n\n1874\n Mungo Park\n\n\n1873\n Tom Kidd\n\n\n1872\n Young Tom Morris (4/4)\n\n\n1871\nNot played\n\n\n1870\n Young Tom Morris (3/4)\n\n\n1869\n Young Tom Morris (2/4)\n\n\n1868\n Young Tom Morris (1/4)\n\n\n1867\n Old Tom Morris (4/4)\n\n\n1866\n Willie Park, Sr. (3/4)\n\n\n1865\n Andrew Strath\n\n\n1864\n Old Tom Morris (3/4)\n\n\n1863\n Willie Park, Sr. (2/4)\n\n\n1862\n Old Tom Morris (2/4)\n\n\n1861\n Old Tom Morris (1/4)\n\n\n1860\n Willie Park, Sr. (1/4)\n\n", "\n\nYear\nMasters Tournament[23]\nU.S. Open[24]\nThe Open Championship[25]\nPGA Championship[26]\n\n\n2018\nApril 5–8, Augusta National\nJune 14–17, Shinnecock Hills\nJuly 19–22, Carnoustie Golf Links\nAugust 9–12, Bellerive Country Club\n\n\n2017\n Sergio García\n Brooks Koepka\n Jordan Spieth (3/3)\n Justin Thomas\n\n\n2016\n Danny Willett\n Dustin Johnson\n Henrik Stenson\n Jimmy Walker\n\n\n2015\n Jordan Spieth (1/3)\n Jordan Spieth (2/3)\n Zach Johnson (2/2)\n Jason Day\n\n\n2014\n Bubba Watson (2/2)\n Martin Kaymer (2/2)\n Rory McIlroy (3/4)\n Rory McIlroy (4/4)\n\n\n2013\n Adam Scott\n Justin Rose\n Phil Mickelson (5/5)\n Jason Dufner\n\n\n2012\n Bubba Watson (1/2)\n Webb Simpson\n Ernie Els (4/4)\n Rory McIlroy (2/4)\n\n\n2011\n Charl Schwartzel\n Rory McIlroy (1/4)\n Darren Clarke\n Keegan Bradley\n\n\n2010\n Phil Mickelson (4/5)\n Graeme McDowell\n Louis Oosthuizen\n Martin Kaymer (1/2)\n\n\n2009\n Ángel Cabrera (2/2)\n Lucas Glover\n Stewart Cink\n Yang Yong-eun\n\n\n2008\n Trevor Immelman\n Tiger Woods (14/14)\n Pádraig Harrington (2/3)\n Pádraig Harrington (3/3)\n\n\n2007\n Zach Johnson (1/2)\n Ángel Cabrera (1/2)\n Pádraig Harrington (1/3)\n Tiger Woods (13/14)\n\n\n2006\n Phil Mickelson (3/5)\n Geoff Ogilvy\n Tiger Woods (11/14)\n Tiger Woods (12/14)\n\n\n2005\n Tiger Woods (9/14)\n Michael Campbell\n Tiger Woods (10/14)\n Phil Mickelson (2/5)\n\n\n2004\n Phil Mickelson (1/5)\n Retief Goosen (2/2)\n Todd Hamilton\n Vijay Singh (3/3)\n\n\n2003\n Mike Weir\n Jim Furyk\n Ben Curtis\n Shaun Micheel\n\n\n2002\n Tiger Woods (7/14)\n Tiger Woods (8/14)\n Ernie Els (3/4)\n Rich Beem\n\n\n2001\n Tiger Woods (6/14)\n Retief Goosen (1/2)\n David Duval\n David Toms\n\n\n2000\n Vijay Singh (2/3)\n Tiger Woods (3/14)\n Tiger Woods (4/14)\n Tiger Woods (5/14)\n\n\n1999\n José María Olazábal (2/2)\n Payne Stewart (3/3)\n Paul Lawrie\n Tiger Woods (2/14)\n\n\n1998\n Mark O'Meara (1/2)\n Lee Janzen (2/2)\n Mark O'Meara (2/2)\n Vijay Singh (1/3)\n\n\n1997\n Tiger Woods (1/14)\n Ernie Els (2/4)\n Justin Leonard\n Davis Love III\n\n\n1996\n Nick Faldo (6/6)\n Steve Jones\n Tom Lehman\n Mark Brooks\n\n\n1995\n Ben Crenshaw (2/2)\n Corey Pavin\n John Daly (2/2)\n Steve Elkington\n\n\n1994\n José María Olazábal (1/2)\n Ernie Els (1/4)\n Nick Price (2/3)\n Nick Price (3/3)\n\n\n1993\n Bernhard Langer (2/2)\n Lee Janzen (1/2)\n Greg Norman (2/2)\n Paul Azinger\n\n\n1992\n Fred Couples\n Tom Kite\n Nick Faldo (5/6)\n Nick Price (1/3)\n\n\n1991\n Ian Woosnam\n Payne Stewart (2/3)\n Ian Baker-Finch\n John Daly (1/2)\n\n\n1990\n Nick Faldo (3/6)\n Hale Irwin (3/3)\n Nick Faldo (4/6)\n Wayne Grady\n\n\n1989\n Nick Faldo (2/6)\n Curtis Strange (2/2)\n Mark Calcavecchia\n Payne Stewart (1/3)\n\n\n1988\n Sandy Lyle (2/2)\n Curtis Strange (1/2)\n Seve Ballesteros (5/5)\n Jeff Sluman\n\n\n1987\n Larry Mize\n Scott Simpson\n Nick Faldo (1/6)\n Larry Nelson (3/3)\n\n\n1986\n Jack Nicklaus (18/18)\n Raymond Floyd (4/4)\n Greg Norman (1/2)\n Bob Tway\n\n\n1985\n Bernhard Langer (1/2)\n Andy North (2/2)\n Sandy Lyle (1/2)\n Hubert Green (2/2)\n\n\n1984\n Ben Crenshaw (1/2)\n Fuzzy Zoeller (2/2)\n Seve Ballesteros (4/5)\n Lee Trevino (6/6)\n\n\n1983\n Seve Ballesteros (3/5)\n Larry Nelson (2/3)\n Tom Watson (8/8)\n Hal Sutton\n\n\n1982\n Craig Stadler\n Tom Watson (6/8)\n Tom Watson (7/8)\n Raymond Floyd (3/4)\n\n\n1981\n Tom Watson (5/8)\n David Graham (2/2)\n Bill Rogers\n Larry Nelson (1/3)\n\n\n1980\n Seve Ballesteros (2/5)\n Jack Nicklaus (16/18)\n Tom Watson (4/8)\n Jack Nicklaus (17/18)\n\n\n1979\n Fuzzy Zoeller (1/2)\n Hale Irwin (2/3)\n Seve Ballesteros (1/5)\n David Graham (1/2)\n\n\n1978\n Gary Player (9/9)\n Andy North (1/2)\n Jack Nicklaus (15/18)\n John Mahaffey\n\n\n1977\n Tom Watson (2/8)\n Hubert Green (1/2)\n Tom Watson (3/8)\n Lanny Wadkins\n\n\n1976\n Raymond Floyd (2/4)\n Jerry Pate\n Johnny Miller (2/2)\n Dave Stockton (2/2)\n\n\n1975\n Jack Nicklaus (13/18)\n Lou Graham\n Tom Watson (1/8)\n Jack Nicklaus (14/18)\n\n\n1974\n Gary Player (7/9)\n Hale Irwin (1/3)\n Gary Player (8/9)\n Lee Trevino (5/6)\n\n\n1973\n Tommy Aaron\n Johnny Miller (1/2)\n Tom Weiskopf\n Jack Nicklaus (12/18)\n\n\n1972\n Jack Nicklaus (10/18)\n Jack Nicklaus (11/18)\n Lee Trevino (4/6)\n Gary Player (6/9)\n\n\n1971\n Charles Coody\n Lee Trevino (2/6)\n Lee Trevino (3/6)\n Jack Nicklaus (9/18)\n\n\n1970\n Billy Casper (3/3)\n Tony Jacklin (2/2)\n Jack Nicklaus (8/18)\n Dave Stockton (1/2)\n\n\n1969\n George Archer\n Orville Moody\n Tony Jacklin (1/2)\n Raymond Floyd (1/4)\n\n\n1968\n Bob Goalby\n Lee Trevino (1/6)\n Gary Player (5/9)\n Julius Boros (3/3)\n\n\n1967\n Gay Brewer\n Jack Nicklaus (7/18)\n Roberto DeVicenzo\n Don January\n\n\n1966\n Jack Nicklaus (5/18)\n Billy Casper (2/3)\n Jack Nicklaus (6/18)\n Al Geiberger\n\n\n1965\n Jack Nicklaus (4/18)\n Gary Player (4/9)\n Peter Thomson (5/5)\n Dave Marr\n\n\n1964\n Arnold Palmer (7/7)\n Ken Venturi\n Tony Lema\n Bobby Nichols\n\n\n1963\n Jack Nicklaus (2/18)\n Julius Boros (2/3)\n Bob Charles\n Jack Nicklaus (3/18)\n\n\n1962\n Arnold Palmer (5/7)\n Jack Nicklaus (1/18)\n Arnold Palmer (6/7)\n Gary Player (3/9)\n\n\n1961\n Gary Player (2/9)\n Gene Littler\n Arnold Palmer (4/7)\n Jerry Barber\n\n\n1960\n Arnold Palmer (2/7)\n Arnold Palmer (3/7)\n Kel Nagle\n Jay Hebert\n\n\n1959\n Art Wall, Jr.\n Billy Casper (1/3)\n Gary Player (1/9)\n Bob Rosburg\n\n\n1958\n Arnold Palmer (1/7)\n Tommy Bolt\n Peter Thomson (4/5)\n Dow Finsterwald\n\n\n1957\n Doug Ford (2/2)\n Dick Mayer\n Bobby Locke (4/4)\n Lionel Hebert\n\n\n1956\n Jack Burke, Jr. (1/2)\n Cary Middlecoff (3/3)\n Peter Thomson (3/5)\n Jack Burke, Jr. (2/2)\n\n\n1955\n Cary Middlecoff (2/3)\n Jack Fleck\n Peter Thomson (2/5)\n Doug Ford (1/2)\n\n\n1954\n Sam Snead (7/7)\n Ed Furgol\n Peter Thomson (1/5)\n Chick Harbert\n\n\n1953\n Ben Hogan (7/9)\n Ben Hogan (8/9)\n Ben Hogan (9/9)\n Walter Burkemo\n\n\n1952\n Sam Snead (6/7)\n Julius Boros (1/3)\n Bobby Locke (3/4)\n Jim Turnesa\n\n\n1951\n Ben Hogan (5/9)\n Ben Hogan (6/9)\n Max Faulkner\n Sam Snead (5/7)\n\n\n1950\n Jimmy Demaret (3/3)\n Ben Hogan (4/9)\n Bobby Locke (2/4)\n Chandler Harper\n\n\n1949\n Sam Snead (3/7)\n Cary Middlecoff (1/3)\n Bobby Locke (1/4)\n Sam Snead (4/7)\n\n\n1948\n Claude Harmon\n Ben Hogan (3/9)\n Henry Cotton (3/3)\n Ben Hogan (2/9)\n\n\n1947\n Jimmy Demaret (2/3)\n Lew Worsham\n Fred Daly\n Jim Ferrier\n\n\n1946\n Herman Keiser\n Lloyd Mangrum\n Sam Snead (2/7)\n Ben Hogan (1/9)\n\n\n1945\nNot held due to World War II\nNot held due to World War II\nNot held due to World War II\n Byron Nelson (5/5)\n\n\n1944\n Bob Hamilton\n\n\n1943\nNot held due to World War II\n\n\n1942\n Byron Nelson (4/5)\n Sam Snead (1/7)\n\n\n1941\n Craig Wood (1/2)\n Craig Wood (2/2)\n Vic Ghezzi\n\n\n1940\n Jimmy Demaret (1/3)\n Lawson Little\n Byron Nelson (3/5)\n\n\n1939\n Ralph Guldahl (3/3)\n Byron Nelson (2/5)\n Dick Burton\n Henry Picard (2/2)\n\n\n1938\n Henry Picard (1/2)\n Ralph Guldahl (2/3)\n Reg Whitcombe\n Paul Runyan (2/2)\n\n\n1937\n Byron Nelson (1/5)\n Ralph Guldahl (1/3)\n Henry Cotton (2/3)\n Denny Shute (3/3)\n\n\n1936\n Horton Smith (2/2)\n Tony Manero\n Alf Padgham\n Denny Shute (2/3)\n\n\n1935\n Gene Sarazen (7/7)\n Sam Parks, Jr.\n Alf Perry\n Johnny Revolta\n\n\n1934\n Horton Smith (1/2)\n Olin Dutra (2/2)\n Henry Cotton (1/3)\n Paul Runyan (1/2)\n\n\n1933\nNot yet founded\n Johnny Goodman\n Denny Shute (1/3)\n Gene Sarazen (6/7)\n\n\n1932\n Gene Sarazen (5/7)\n Gene Sarazen (4/7)\n Olin Dutra (1/2)\n\n\n1931\n Billy Burke\n Tommy Armour (3/3)\n Tom Creavy\n\n\n1930\n Bobby Jones (7/7)\n Bobby Jones (6/7)\n Tommy Armour (2/3)\n\n\n1929\n Bobby Jones (5/7)\n Walter Hagen (11/11)\n Leo Diegel (2/2)\n\n\n1928\n Johnny Farrell\n Walter Hagen (10/11)\n Leo Diegel (1/2)\n\n\n1927\n Tommy Armour (1/3)\n Bobby Jones (4/7)\n Walter Hagen (9/11)\n\n\n1926\n Bobby Jones (3/7)\n Bobby Jones (2/7)\n Walter Hagen (8/11)\n\n\n1925\n Willie MacFarlane\n Jim Barnes (4/4)\n Walter Hagen (7/11)\n\n\n1924\n Cyril Walker\n Walter Hagen (5/11)\n Walter Hagen (6/11)\n\n\n1923\n Bobby Jones (1/7)\n Arthur Havers\n Gene Sarazen (3/7)\n\n\n1922\n Gene Sarazen (1/7)\n Walter Hagen (4/11)\n Gene Sarazen (2/7)\n\n\n1921\n Jim Barnes (3/4)\n Jock Hutchison (2/2)\n Walter Hagen (3/11)\n\n\n1920\n Ted Ray (2/2)\n George Duncan\n Jock Hutchison (1/2)\n\n\n1919\n Walter Hagen (2/11)\nNot held due to World War I\n Jim Barnes (2/4)\n\n\n1918\nNot held due to World War I\nNot held due to World War I\n\n\n1917\n\n\n1916\n Chick Evans\n Jim Barnes (1/4)\n\n\n1915\n Jerome Travers\nNot yet founded\n\n\n1914\n Walter Hagen (1/11)\n Harry Vardon (7/7)\n\n\n1913\n Francis Ouimet\n John Henry Taylor (5/5)\n\n\n1912\n John McDermott (2/2)\n Ted Ray (1/2)\n\n\n1911\n John McDermott (1/2)\n Harry Vardon (6/7)\n\n\n1910\n Alex Smith (2/2)\n James Braid (5/5)\n\n\n1909\n George Sargent\n John Henry Taylor (4/5)\n\n\n1908\n Fred McLeod\n James Braid (4/5)\n\n\n1907\n Alec Ross\n Arnaud Massy\n\n\n1906\n Alex Smith (1/2)\n James Braid (3/5)\n\n\n1905\n Willie Anderson (4/4)\n James Braid (2/5)\n\n\n1904\n Willie Anderson (3/4)\n Jack White\n\n\n1903\n Willie Anderson (2/4)\n Harry Vardon (5/7)\n\n\n1902\n Laurie Auchterlonie\n Sandy Herd\n\n\n1901\n Willie Anderson (1/4)\n James Braid (1/5)\n\n\n1900\n Harry Vardon (4/7)\n John Henry Taylor (3/5)\n\n\n1899\n Willie Smith\n Harry Vardon (3/7)\n\n\n1898\n Fred Herd\n Harry Vardon (2/7)\n\n\n1897\n Joe Lloyd\n Harold Hilton (2/2)\n\n\n1896\n James Foulis\n Harry Vardon (1/7)\n\n\n1895\n Horace Rawlins\n John Henry Taylor (2/5)\n\n\n1894\nNot yet founded\n John Henry Taylor (1/5)\n\n\n1893\n Willie Auchterlonie\n\n\n1892\n Harold Hilton (1/2)\n\n\n1891\n Hugh Kirkaldy\n\n\n1890\n John Ball, Jnr\n\n\n1889\n Willie Park, Jr. (2/2)\n\n\n1888\n Jack Burns\n\n\n1887\n Willie Park, Jr. (1/2)\n\n\n1886\n David Brown\n\n\n1885\n Bob Martin (2/2)\n\n\n1884\n Jack Simpson\n\n\n1883\n Willie Fernie\n\n\n1882\n Bob Ferguson (3/3)\n\n\n1881\n Bob Ferguson (2/3)\n\n\n1880\n Bob Ferguson (1/3)\n\n\n1879\n Jamie Anderson (3/3)\n\n\n1878\n Jamie Anderson (2/3)\n\n\n1877\n Jamie Anderson (1/3)\n\n\n1876\n Bob Martin (1/2)\n\n\n1875\n Willie Park, Sr. (4/4)\n\n\n1874\n Mungo Park\n\n\n1873\n Tom Kidd\n\n\n1872\n Young Tom Morris (4/4)\n\n\n1871\nNot played\n\n\n1870\n Young Tom Morris (3/4)\n\n\n1869\n Young Tom Morris (2/4)\n\n\n1868\n Young Tom Morris (1/4)\n\n\n1867\n Old Tom Morris (4/4)\n\n\n1866\n Willie Park, Sr. (3/4)\n\n\n1865\n Andrew Strath\n\n\n1864\n Old Tom Morris (3/4)\n\n\n1863\n Willie Park, Sr. (2/4)\n\n\n1862\n Old Tom Morris (2/4)\n\n\n1861\n Old Tom Morris (1/4)\n\n\n1860\n Willie Park, Sr. (1/4)\n\n", "\n\nYear\nMasters Tournament[23]\nU.S. Open[24]\nThe Open Championship[25]\nPGA Championship[26]\n\n\n2018\nApril 5–8, Augusta National\nJune 14–17, Shinnecock Hills\nJuly 19–22, Carnoustie Golf Links\nAugust 9–12, Bellerive Country Club\n\n\n2017\n Sergio García\n Brooks Koepka\n Jordan Spieth (3/3)\n Justin Thomas\n\n\n2016\n Danny Willett\n Dustin Johnson\n Henrik Stenson\n Jimmy Walker\n\n\n2015\n Jordan Spieth (1/3)\n Jordan Spieth (2/3)\n Zach Johnson (2/2)\n Jason Day\n\n\n2014\n Bubba Watson (2/2)\n Martin Kaymer (2/2)\n Rory McIlroy (3/4)\n Rory McIlroy (4/4)\n\n\n2013\n Adam Scott\n Justin Rose\n Phil Mickelson (5/5)\n Jason Dufner\n\n\n2012\n Bubba Watson (1/2)\n Webb Simpson\n Ernie Els (4/4)\n Rory McIlroy (2/4)\n\n\n2011\n Charl Schwartzel\n Rory McIlroy (1/4)\n Darren Clarke\n Keegan Bradley\n\n\n2010\n Phil Mickelson (4/5)\n Graeme McDowell\n Louis Oosthuizen\n Martin Kaymer (1/2)\n\n\n2009\n Ángel Cabrera (2/2)\n Lucas Glover\n Stewart Cink\n Yang Yong-eun\n\n\n2008\n Trevor Immelman\n Tiger Woods (14/14)\n Pádraig Harrington (2/3)\n Pádraig Harrington (3/3)\n\n\n2007\n Zach Johnson (1/2)\n Ángel Cabrera (1/2)\n Pádraig Harrington (1/3)\n Tiger Woods (13/14)\n\n\n2006\n Phil Mickelson (3/5)\n Geoff Ogilvy\n Tiger Woods (11/14)\n Tiger Woods (12/14)\n\n\n2005\n Tiger Woods (9/14)\n Michael Campbell\n Tiger Woods (10/14)\n Phil Mickelson (2/5)\n\n\n2004\n Phil Mickelson (1/5)\n Retief Goosen (2/2)\n Todd Hamilton\n Vijay Singh (3/3)\n\n\n2003\n Mike Weir\n Jim Furyk\n Ben Curtis\n Shaun Micheel\n\n\n2002\n Tiger Woods (7/14)\n Tiger Woods (8/14)\n Ernie Els (3/4)\n Rich Beem\n\n\n2001\n Tiger Woods (6/14)\n Retief Goosen (1/2)\n David Duval\n David Toms\n\n\n2000\n Vijay Singh (2/3)\n Tiger Woods (3/14)\n Tiger Woods (4/14)\n Tiger Woods (5/14)\n\n\n1999\n José María Olazábal (2/2)\n Payne Stewart (3/3)\n Paul Lawrie\n Tiger Woods (2/14)\n\n\n1998\n Mark O'Meara (1/2)\n Lee Janzen (2/2)\n Mark O'Meara (2/2)\n Vijay Singh (1/3)\n\n\n1997\n Tiger Woods (1/14)\n Ernie Els (2/4)\n Justin Leonard\n Davis Love III\n\n\n1996\n Nick Faldo (6/6)\n Steve Jones\n Tom Lehman\n Mark Brooks\n\n\n1995\n Ben Crenshaw (2/2)\n Corey Pavin\n John Daly (2/2)\n Steve Elkington\n\n\n1994\n José María Olazábal (1/2)\n Ernie Els (1/4)\n Nick Price (2/3)\n Nick Price (3/3)\n\n\n1993\n Bernhard Langer (2/2)\n Lee Janzen (1/2)\n Greg Norman (2/2)\n Paul Azinger\n\n\n1992\n Fred Couples\n Tom Kite\n Nick Faldo (5/6)\n Nick Price (1/3)\n\n\n1991\n Ian Woosnam\n Payne Stewart (2/3)\n Ian Baker-Finch\n John Daly (1/2)\n\n\n1990\n Nick Faldo (3/6)\n Hale Irwin (3/3)\n Nick Faldo (4/6)\n Wayne Grady\n\n\n1989\n Nick Faldo (2/6)\n Curtis Strange (2/2)\n Mark Calcavecchia\n Payne Stewart (1/3)\n\n\n1988\n Sandy Lyle (2/2)\n Curtis Strange (1/2)\n Seve Ballesteros (5/5)\n Jeff Sluman\n\n\n1987\n Larry Mize\n Scott Simpson\n Nick Faldo (1/6)\n Larry Nelson (3/3)\n\n\n1986\n Jack Nicklaus (18/18)\n Raymond Floyd (4/4)\n Greg Norman (1/2)\n Bob Tway\n\n\n1985\n Bernhard Langer (1/2)\n Andy North (2/2)\n Sandy Lyle (1/2)\n Hubert Green (2/2)\n\n\n1984\n Ben Crenshaw (1/2)\n Fuzzy Zoeller (2/2)\n Seve Ballesteros (4/5)\n Lee Trevino (6/6)\n\n\n1983\n Seve Ballesteros (3/5)\n Larry Nelson (2/3)\n Tom Watson (8/8)\n Hal Sutton\n\n\n1982\n Craig Stadler\n Tom Watson (6/8)\n Tom Watson (7/8)\n Raymond Floyd (3/4)\n\n\n1981\n Tom Watson (5/8)\n David Graham (2/2)\n Bill Rogers\n Larry Nelson (1/3)\n\n\n1980\n Seve Ballesteros (2/5)\n Jack Nicklaus (16/18)\n Tom Watson (4/8)\n Jack Nicklaus (17/18)\n\n\n1979\n Fuzzy Zoeller (1/2)\n Hale Irwin (2/3)\n Seve Ballesteros (1/5)\n David Graham (1/2)\n\n\n1978\n Gary Player (9/9)\n Andy North (1/2)\n Jack Nicklaus (15/18)\n John Mahaffey\n\n\n1977\n Tom Watson (2/8)\n Hubert Green (1/2)\n Tom Watson (3/8)\n Lanny Wadkins\n\n\n1976\n Raymond Floyd (2/4)\n Jerry Pate\n Johnny Miller (2/2)\n Dave Stockton (2/2)\n\n\n1975\n Jack Nicklaus (13/18)\n Lou Graham\n Tom Watson (1/8)\n Jack Nicklaus (14/18)\n\n\n1974\n Gary Player (7/9)\n Hale Irwin (1/3)\n Gary Player (8/9)\n Lee Trevino (5/6)\n\n\n1973\n Tommy Aaron\n Johnny Miller (1/2)\n Tom Weiskopf\n Jack Nicklaus (12/18)\n\n\n1972\n Jack Nicklaus (10/18)\n Jack Nicklaus (11/18)\n Lee Trevino (4/6)\n Gary Player (6/9)\n\n\n1971\n Charles Coody\n Lee Trevino (2/6)\n Lee Trevino (3/6)\n Jack Nicklaus (9/18)\n\n\n1970\n Billy Casper (3/3)\n Tony Jacklin (2/2)\n Jack Nicklaus (8/18)\n Dave Stockton (1/2)\n\n\n1969\n George Archer\n Orville Moody\n Tony Jacklin (1/2)\n Raymond Floyd (1/4)\n\n\n1968\n Bob Goalby\n Lee Trevino (1/6)\n Gary Player (5/9)\n Julius Boros (3/3)\n\n\n1967\n Gay Brewer\n Jack Nicklaus (7/18)\n Roberto DeVicenzo\n Don January\n\n\n1966\n Jack Nicklaus (5/18)\n Billy Casper (2/3)\n Jack Nicklaus (6/18)\n Al Geiberger\n\n\n1965\n Jack Nicklaus (4/18)\n Gary Player (4/9)\n Peter Thomson (5/5)\n Dave Marr\n\n\n1964\n Arnold Palmer (7/7)\n Ken Venturi\n Tony Lema\n Bobby Nichols\n\n\n1963\n Jack Nicklaus (2/18)\n Julius Boros (2/3)\n Bob Charles\n Jack Nicklaus (3/18)\n\n\n1962\n Arnold Palmer (5/7)\n Jack Nicklaus (1/18)\n Arnold Palmer (6/7)\n Gary Player (3/9)\n\n\n1961\n Gary Player (2/9)\n Gene Littler\n Arnold Palmer (4/7)\n Jerry Barber\n\n\n1960\n Arnold Palmer (2/7)\n Arnold Palmer (3/7)\n Kel Nagle\n Jay Hebert\n\n\n1959\n Art Wall, Jr.\n Billy Casper (1/3)\n Gary Player (1/9)\n Bob Rosburg\n\n\n1958\n Arnold Palmer (1/7)\n Tommy Bolt\n Peter Thomson (4/5)\n Dow Finsterwald\n\n\n1957\n Doug Ford (2/2)\n Dick Mayer\n Bobby Locke (4/4)\n Lionel Hebert\n\n\n1956\n Jack Burke, Jr. (1/2)\n Cary Middlecoff (3/3)\n Peter Thomson (3/5)\n Jack Burke, Jr. (2/2)\n\n\n1955\n Cary Middlecoff (2/3)\n Jack Fleck\n Peter Thomson (2/5)\n Doug Ford (1/2)\n\n\n1954\n Sam Snead (7/7)\n Ed Furgol\n Peter Thomson (1/5)\n Chick Harbert\n\n\n1953\n Ben Hogan (7/9)\n Ben Hogan (8/9)\n Ben Hogan (9/9)\n Walter Burkemo\n\n\n1952\n Sam Snead (6/7)\n Julius Boros (1/3)\n Bobby Locke (3/4)\n Jim Turnesa\n\n\n1951\n Ben Hogan (5/9)\n Ben Hogan (6/9)\n Max Faulkner\n Sam Snead (5/7)\n\n\n1950\n Jimmy Demaret (3/3)\n Ben Hogan (4/9)\n Bobby Locke (2/4)\n Chandler Harper\n\n\n1949\n Sam Snead (3/7)\n Cary Middlecoff (1/3)\n Bobby Locke (1/4)\n Sam Snead (4/7)\n\n\n1948\n Claude Harmon\n Ben Hogan (3/9)\n Henry Cotton (3/3)\n Ben Hogan (2/9)\n\n\n1947\n Jimmy Demaret (2/3)\n Lew Worsham\n Fred Daly\n Jim Ferrier\n\n\n1946\n Herman Keiser\n Lloyd Mangrum\n Sam Snead (2/7)\n Ben Hogan (1/9)\n\n\n1945\nNot held due to World War II\nNot held due to World War II\nNot held due to World War II\n Byron Nelson (5/5)\n\n\n1944\n Bob Hamilton\n\n\n1943\nNot held due to World War II\n\n\n1942\n Byron Nelson (4/5)\n Sam Snead (1/7)\n\n\n1941\n Craig Wood (1/2)\n Craig Wood (2/2)\n Vic Ghezzi\n\n\n1940\n Jimmy Demaret (1/3)\n Lawson Little\n Byron Nelson (3/5)\n\n\n1939\n Ralph Guldahl (3/3)\n Byron Nelson (2/5)\n Dick Burton\n Henry Picard (2/2)\n\n\n1938\n Henry Picard (1/2)\n Ralph Guldahl (2/3)\n Reg Whitcombe\n Paul Runyan (2/2)\n\n\n1937\n Byron Nelson (1/5)\n Ralph Guldahl (1/3)\n Henry Cotton (2/3)\n Denny Shute (3/3)\n\n\n1936\n Horton Smith (2/2)\n Tony Manero\n Alf Padgham\n Denny Shute (2/3)\n\n\n1935\n Gene Sarazen (7/7)\n Sam Parks, Jr.\n Alf Perry\n Johnny Revolta\n\n\n1934\n Horton Smith (1/2)\n Olin Dutra (2/2)\n Henry Cotton (1/3)\n Paul Runyan (1/2)\n\n\n1933\nNot yet founded\n Johnny Goodman\n Denny Shute (1/3)\n Gene Sarazen (6/7)\n\n\n1932\n Gene Sarazen (5/7)\n Gene Sarazen (4/7)\n Olin Dutra (1/2)\n\n\n1931\n Billy Burke\n Tommy Armour (3/3)\n Tom Creavy\n\n\n1930\n Bobby Jones (7/7)\n Bobby Jones (6/7)\n Tommy Armour (2/3)\n\n\n1929\n Bobby Jones (5/7)\n Walter Hagen (11/11)\n Leo Diegel (2/2)\n\n\n1928\n Johnny Farrell\n Walter Hagen (10/11)\n Leo Diegel (1/2)\n\n\n1927\n Tommy Armour (1/3)\n Bobby Jones (4/7)\n Walter Hagen (9/11)\n\n\n1926\n Bobby Jones (3/7)\n Bobby Jones (2/7)\n Walter Hagen (8/11)\n\n\n1925\n Willie MacFarlane\n Jim Barnes (4/4)\n Walter Hagen (7/11)\n\n\n1924\n Cyril Walker\n Walter Hagen (5/11)\n Walter Hagen (6/11)\n\n\n1923\n Bobby Jones (1/7)\n Arthur Havers\n Gene Sarazen (3/7)\n\n\n1922\n Gene Sarazen (1/7)\n Walter Hagen (4/11)\n Gene Sarazen (2/7)\n\n\n1921\n Jim Barnes (3/4)\n Jock Hutchison (2/2)\n Walter Hagen (3/11)\n\n\n1920\n Ted Ray (2/2)\n George Duncan\n Jock Hutchison (1/2)\n\n\n1919\n Walter Hagen (2/11)\nNot held due to World War I\n Jim Barnes (2/4)\n\n\n1918\nNot held due to World War I\nNot held due to World War I\n\n\n1917\n\n\n1916\n Chick Evans\n Jim Barnes (1/4)\n\n\n1915\n Jerome Travers\nNot yet founded\n\n\n1914\n Walter Hagen (1/11)\n Harry Vardon (7/7)\n\n\n1913\n Francis Ouimet\n John Henry Taylor (5/5)\n\n\n1912\n John McDermott (2/2)\n Ted Ray (1/2)\n\n\n1911\n John McDermott (1/2)\n Harry Vardon (6/7)\n\n\n1910\n Alex Smith (2/2)\n James Braid (5/5)\n\n\n1909\n George Sargent\n John Henry Taylor (4/5)\n\n\n1908\n Fred McLeod\n James Braid (4/5)\n\n\n1907\n Alec Ross\n Arnaud Massy\n\n\n1906\n Alex Smith (1/2)\n James Braid (3/5)\n\n\n1905\n Willie Anderson (4/4)\n James Braid (2/5)\n\n\n1904\n Willie Anderson (3/4)\n Jack White\n\n\n1903\n Willie Anderson (2/4)\n Harry Vardon (5/7)\n\n\n1902\n Laurie Auchterlonie\n Sandy Herd\n\n\n1901\n Willie Anderson (1/4)\n James Braid (1/5)\n\n\n1900\n Harry Vardon (4/7)\n John Henry Taylor (3/5)\n\n\n1899\n Willie Smith\n Harry Vardon (3/7)\n\n\n1898\n Fred Herd\n Harry Vardon (2/7)\n\n\n1897\n Joe Lloyd\n Harold Hilton (2/2)\n\n\n1896\n James Foulis\n Harry Vardon (1/7)\n\n\n1895\n Horace Rawlins\n John Henry Taylor (2/5)\n\n\n1894\nNot yet founded\n John Henry Taylor (1/5)\n\n\n1893\n Willie Auchterlonie\n\n\n1892\n Harold Hilton (1/2)\n\n\n1891\n Hugh Kirkaldy\n\n\n1890\n John Ball, Jnr\n\n\n1889\n Willie Park, Jr. (2/2)\n\n\n1888\n Jack Burns\n\n\n1887\n Willie Park, Jr. (1/2)\n\n\n1886\n David Brown\n\n\n1885\n Bob Martin (2/2)\n\n\n1884\n Jack Simpson\n\n\n1883\n Willie Fernie\n\n\n1882\n Bob Ferguson (3/3)\n\n\n1881\n Bob Ferguson (2/3)\n\n\n1880\n Bob Ferguson (1/3)\n\n\n1879\n Jamie Anderson (3/3)\n\n\n1878\n Jamie Anderson (2/3)\n\n\n1877\n Jamie Anderson (1/3)\n\n\n1876\n Bob Martin (1/2)\n\n\n1875\n Willie Park, Sr. (4/4)\n\n\n1874\n Mungo Park\n\n\n1873\n Tom Kidd\n\n\n1872\n Young Tom Morris (4/4)\n\n\n1871\nNot played\n\n\n1870\n Young Tom Morris (3/4)\n\n\n1869\n Young Tom Morris (2/4)\n\n\n1868\n Young Tom Morris (1/4)\n\n\n1867\n Old Tom Morris (4/4)\n\n\n1866\n Willie Park, Sr. (3/4)\n\n\n1865\n Andrew Strath\n\n\n1864\n Old Tom Morris (3/4)\n\n\n1863\n Willie Park, Sr. (2/4)\n\n\n1862\n Old Tom Morris (2/4)\n\n\n1861\n Old Tom Morris (1/4)\n\n\n1860\n Willie Park, Sr. (1/4)\n\n", "\n\nYear\nMasters Tournament[23]\nU.S. Open[24]\nThe Open Championship[25]\nPGA Championship[26]\n\n\n2018\nApril 5–8, Augusta National\nJune 14–17, Shinnecock Hills\nJuly 19–22, Carnoustie Golf Links\nAugust 9–12, Bellerive Country Club\n\n\n2017\n Sergio García\n Brooks Koepka\n Jordan Spieth (3/3)\n Justin Thomas\n\n\n2016\n Danny Willett\n Dustin Johnson\n Henrik Stenson\n Jimmy Walker\n\n\n2015\n Jordan Spieth (1/3)\n Jordan Spieth (2/3)\n Zach Johnson (2/2)\n Jason Day\n\n\n2014\n Bubba Watson (2/2)\n Martin Kaymer (2/2)\n Rory McIlroy (3/4)\n Rory McIlroy (4/4)\n\n\n2013\n Adam Scott\n Justin Rose\n Phil Mickelson (5/5)\n Jason Dufner\n\n\n2012\n Bubba Watson (1/2)\n Webb Simpson\n Ernie Els (4/4)\n Rory McIlroy (2/4)\n\n\n2011\n Charl Schwartzel\n Rory McIlroy (1/4)\n Darren Clarke\n Keegan Bradley\n\n\n2010\n Phil Mickelson (4/5)\n Graeme McDowell\n Louis Oosthuizen\n Martin Kaymer (1/2)\n\n\n2009\n Ángel Cabrera (2/2)\n Lucas Glover\n Stewart Cink\n Yang Yong-eun\n\n\n2008\n Trevor Immelman\n Tiger Woods (14/14)\n Pádraig Harrington (2/3)\n Pádraig Harrington (3/3)\n\n\n2007\n Zach Johnson (1/2)\n Ángel Cabrera (1/2)\n Pádraig Harrington (1/3)\n Tiger Woods (13/14)\n\n\n2006\n Phil Mickelson (3/5)\n Geoff Ogilvy\n Tiger Woods (11/14)\n Tiger Woods (12/14)\n\n\n2005\n Tiger Woods (9/14)\n Michael Campbell\n Tiger Woods (10/14)\n Phil Mickelson (2/5)\n\n\n2004\n Phil Mickelson (1/5)\n Retief Goosen (2/2)\n Todd Hamilton\n Vijay Singh (3/3)\n\n\n2003\n Mike Weir\n Jim Furyk\n Ben Curtis\n Shaun Micheel\n\n\n2002\n Tiger Woods (7/14)\n Tiger Woods (8/14)\n Ernie Els (3/4)\n Rich Beem\n\n\n2001\n Tiger Woods (6/14)\n Retief Goosen (1/2)\n David Duval\n David Toms\n\n\n2000\n Vijay Singh (2/3)\n Tiger Woods (3/14)\n Tiger Woods (4/14)\n Tiger Woods (5/14)\n\n\n1999\n José María Olazábal (2/2)\n Payne Stewart (3/3)\n Paul Lawrie\n Tiger Woods (2/14)\n\n\n1998\n Mark O'Meara (1/2)\n Lee Janzen (2/2)\n Mark O'Meara (2/2)\n Vijay Singh (1/3)\n\n\n1997\n Tiger Woods (1/14)\n Ernie Els (2/4)\n Justin Leonard\n Davis Love III\n\n\n1996\n Nick Faldo (6/6)\n Steve Jones\n Tom Lehman\n Mark Brooks\n\n\n1995\n Ben Crenshaw (2/2)\n Corey Pavin\n John Daly (2/2)\n Steve Elkington\n\n\n1994\n José María Olazábal (1/2)\n Ernie Els (1/4)\n Nick Price (2/3)\n Nick Price (3/3)\n\n\n1993\n Bernhard Langer (2/2)\n Lee Janzen (1/2)\n Greg Norman (2/2)\n Paul Azinger\n\n\n1992\n Fred Couples\n Tom Kite\n Nick Faldo (5/6)\n Nick Price (1/3)\n\n\n1991\n Ian Woosnam\n Payne Stewart (2/3)\n Ian Baker-Finch\n John Daly (1/2)\n\n\n1990\n Nick Faldo (3/6)\n Hale Irwin (3/3)\n Nick Faldo (4/6)\n Wayne Grady\n\n\n1989\n Nick Faldo (2/6)\n Curtis Strange (2/2)\n Mark Calcavecchia\n Payne Stewart (1/3)\n\n\n1988\n Sandy Lyle (2/2)\n Curtis Strange (1/2)\n Seve Ballesteros (5/5)\n Jeff Sluman\n\n\n1987\n Larry Mize\n Scott Simpson\n Nick Faldo (1/6)\n Larry Nelson (3/3)\n\n\n1986\n Jack Nicklaus (18/18)\n Raymond Floyd (4/4)\n Greg Norman (1/2)\n Bob Tway\n\n\n1985\n Bernhard Langer (1/2)\n Andy North (2/2)\n Sandy Lyle (1/2)\n Hubert Green (2/2)\n\n\n1984\n Ben Crenshaw (1/2)\n Fuzzy Zoeller (2/2)\n Seve Ballesteros (4/5)\n Lee Trevino (6/6)\n\n\n1983\n Seve Ballesteros (3/5)\n Larry Nelson (2/3)\n Tom Watson (8/8)\n Hal Sutton\n\n\n1982\n Craig Stadler\n Tom Watson (6/8)\n Tom Watson (7/8)\n Raymond Floyd (3/4)\n\n\n1981\n Tom Watson (5/8)\n David Graham (2/2)\n Bill Rogers\n Larry Nelson (1/3)\n\n\n1980\n Seve Ballesteros (2/5)\n Jack Nicklaus (16/18)\n Tom Watson (4/8)\n Jack Nicklaus (17/18)\n\n\n1979\n Fuzzy Zoeller (1/2)\n Hale Irwin (2/3)\n Seve Ballesteros (1/5)\n David Graham (1/2)\n\n\n1978\n Gary Player (9/9)\n Andy North (1/2)\n Jack Nicklaus (15/18)\n John Mahaffey\n\n\n1977\n Tom Watson (2/8)\n Hubert Green (1/2)\n Tom Watson (3/8)\n Lanny Wadkins\n\n\n1976\n Raymond Floyd (2/4)\n Jerry Pate\n Johnny Miller (2/2)\n Dave Stockton (2/2)\n\n\n1975\n Jack Nicklaus (13/18)\n Lou Graham\n Tom Watson (1/8)\n Jack Nicklaus (14/18)\n\n\n1974\n Gary Player (7/9)\n Hale Irwin (1/3)\n Gary Player (8/9)\n Lee Trevino (5/6)\n\n\n1973\n Tommy Aaron\n Johnny Miller (1/2)\n Tom Weiskopf\n Jack Nicklaus (12/18)\n\n\n1972\n Jack Nicklaus (10/18)\n Jack Nicklaus (11/18)\n Lee Trevino (4/6)\n Gary Player (6/9)\n\n\n1971\n Charles Coody\n Lee Trevino (2/6)\n Lee Trevino (3/6)\n Jack Nicklaus (9/18)\n\n\n1970\n Billy Casper (3/3)\n Tony Jacklin (2/2)\n Jack Nicklaus (8/18)\n Dave Stockton (1/2)\n\n\n1969\n George Archer\n Orville Moody\n Tony Jacklin (1/2)\n Raymond Floyd (1/4)\n\n\n1968\n Bob Goalby\n Lee Trevino (1/6)\n Gary Player (5/9)\n Julius Boros (3/3)\n\n\n1967\n Gay Brewer\n Jack Nicklaus (7/18)\n Roberto DeVicenzo\n Don January\n\n\n1966\n Jack Nicklaus (5/18)\n Billy Casper (2/3)\n Jack Nicklaus (6/18)\n Al Geiberger\n\n\n1965\n Jack Nicklaus (4/18)\n Gary Player (4/9)\n Peter Thomson (5/5)\n Dave Marr\n\n\n1964\n Arnold Palmer (7/7)\n Ken Venturi\n Tony Lema\n Bobby Nichols\n\n\n1963\n Jack Nicklaus (2/18)\n Julius Boros (2/3)\n Bob Charles\n Jack Nicklaus (3/18)\n\n\n1962\n Arnold Palmer (5/7)\n Jack Nicklaus (1/18)\n Arnold Palmer (6/7)\n Gary Player (3/9)\n\n\n1961\n Gary Player (2/9)\n Gene Littler\n Arnold Palmer (4/7)\n Jerry Barber\n\n\n1960\n Arnold Palmer (2/7)\n Arnold Palmer (3/7)\n Kel Nagle\n Jay Hebert\n\n\n1959\n Art Wall, Jr.\n Billy Casper (1/3)\n Gary Player (1/9)\n Bob Rosburg\n\n\n1958\n Arnold Palmer (1/7)\n Tommy Bolt\n Peter Thomson (4/5)\n Dow Finsterwald\n\n\n1957\n Doug Ford (2/2)\n Dick Mayer\n Bobby Locke (4/4)\n Lionel Hebert\n\n\n1956\n Jack Burke, Jr. (1/2)\n Cary Middlecoff (3/3)\n Peter Thomson (3/5)\n Jack Burke, Jr. (2/2)\n\n\n1955\n Cary Middlecoff (2/3)\n Jack Fleck\n Peter Thomson (2/5)\n Doug Ford (1/2)\n\n\n1954\n Sam Snead (7/7)\n Ed Furgol\n Peter Thomson (1/5)\n Chick Harbert\n\n\n1953\n Ben Hogan (7/9)\n Ben Hogan (8/9)\n Ben Hogan (9/9)\n Walter Burkemo\n\n\n1952\n Sam Snead (6/7)\n Julius Boros (1/3)\n Bobby Locke (3/4)\n Jim Turnesa\n\n\n1951\n Ben Hogan (5/9)\n Ben Hogan (6/9)\n Max Faulkner\n Sam Snead (5/7)\n\n\n1950\n Jimmy Demaret (3/3)\n Ben Hogan (4/9)\n Bobby Locke (2/4)\n Chandler Harper\n\n\n1949\n Sam Snead (3/7)\n Cary Middlecoff (1/3)\n Bobby Locke (1/4)\n Sam Snead (4/7)\n\n\n1948\n Claude Harmon\n Ben Hogan (3/9)\n Henry Cotton (3/3)\n Ben Hogan (2/9)\n\n\n1947\n Jimmy Demaret (2/3)\n Lew Worsham\n Fred Daly\n Jim Ferrier\n\n\n1946\n Herman Keiser\n Lloyd Mangrum\n Sam Snead (2/7)\n Ben Hogan (1/9)\n\n\n1945\nNot held due to World War II\nNot held due to World War II\nNot held due to World War II\n Byron Nelson (5/5)\n\n\n1944\n Bob Hamilton\n\n\n1943\nNot held due to World War II\n\n\n1942\n Byron Nelson (4/5)\n Sam Snead (1/7)\n\n\n1941\n Craig Wood (1/2)\n Craig Wood (2/2)\n Vic Ghezzi\n\n\n1940\n Jimmy Demaret (1/3)\n Lawson Little\n Byron Nelson (3/5)\n\n\n1939\n Ralph Guldahl (3/3)\n Byron Nelson (2/5)\n Dick Burton\n Henry Picard (2/2)\n\n\n1938\n Henry Picard (1/2)\n Ralph Guldahl (2/3)\n Reg Whitcombe\n Paul Runyan (2/2)\n\n\n1937\n Byron Nelson (1/5)\n Ralph Guldahl (1/3)\n Henry Cotton (2/3)\n Denny Shute (3/3)\n\n\n1936\n Horton Smith (2/2)\n Tony Manero\n Alf Padgham\n Denny Shute (2/3)\n\n\n1935\n Gene Sarazen (7/7)\n Sam Parks, Jr.\n Alf Perry\n Johnny Revolta\n\n\n1934\n Horton Smith (1/2)\n Olin Dutra (2/2)\n Henry Cotton (1/3)\n Paul Runyan (1/2)\n\n\n1933\nNot yet founded\n Johnny Goodman\n Denny Shute (1/3)\n Gene Sarazen (6/7)\n\n\n1932\n Gene Sarazen (5/7)\n Gene Sarazen (4/7)\n Olin Dutra (1/2)\n\n\n1931\n Billy Burke\n Tommy Armour (3/3)\n Tom Creavy\n\n\n1930\n Bobby Jones (7/7)\n Bobby Jones (6/7)\n Tommy Armour (2/3)\n\n\n1929\n Bobby Jones (5/7)\n Walter Hagen (11/11)\n Leo Diegel (2/2)\n\n\n1928\n Johnny Farrell\n Walter Hagen (10/11)\n Leo Diegel (1/2)\n\n\n1927\n Tommy Armour (1/3)\n Bobby Jones (4/7)\n Walter Hagen (9/11)\n\n\n1926\n Bobby Jones (3/7)\n Bobby Jones (2/7)\n Walter Hagen (8/11)\n\n\n1925\n Willie MacFarlane\n Jim Barnes (4/4)\n Walter Hagen (7/11)\n\n\n1924\n Cyril Walker\n Walter Hagen (5/11)\n Walter Hagen (6/11)\n\n\n1923\n Bobby Jones (1/7)\n Arthur Havers\n Gene Sarazen (3/7)\n\n\n1922\n Gene Sarazen (1/7)\n Walter Hagen (4/11)\n Gene Sarazen (2/7)\n\n\n1921\n Jim Barnes (3/4)\n Jock Hutchison (2/2)\n Walter Hagen (3/11)\n\n\n1920\n Ted Ray (2/2)\n George Duncan\n Jock Hutchison (1/2)\n\n\n1919\n Walter Hagen (2/11)\nNot held due to World War I\n Jim Barnes (2/4)\n\n\n1918\nNot held due to World War I\nNot held due to World War I\n\n\n1917\n\n\n1916\n Chick Evans\n Jim Barnes (1/4)\n\n\n1915\n Jerome Travers\nNot yet founded\n\n\n1914\n Walter Hagen (1/11)\n Harry Vardon (7/7)\n\n\n1913\n Francis Ouimet\n John Henry Taylor (5/5)\n\n\n1912\n John McDermott (2/2)\n Ted Ray (1/2)\n\n\n1911\n John McDermott (1/2)\n Harry Vardon (6/7)\n\n\n1910\n Alex Smith (2/2)\n James Braid (5/5)\n\n\n1909\n George Sargent\n John Henry Taylor (4/5)\n\n\n1908\n Fred McLeod\n James Braid (4/5)\n\n\n1907\n Alec Ross\n Arnaud Massy\n\n\n1906\n Alex Smith (1/2)\n James Braid (3/5)\n\n\n1905\n Willie Anderson (4/4)\n James Braid (2/5)\n\n\n1904\n Willie Anderson (3/4)\n Jack White\n\n\n1903\n Willie Anderson (2/4)\n Harry Vardon (5/7)\n\n\n1902\n Laurie Auchterlonie\n Sandy Herd\n\n\n1901\n Willie Anderson (1/4)\n James Braid (1/5)\n\n\n1900\n Harry Vardon (4/7)\n John Henry Taylor (3/5)\n\n\n1899\n Willie Smith\n Harry Vardon (3/7)\n\n\n1898\n Fred Herd\n Harry Vardon (2/7)\n\n\n1897\n Joe Lloyd\n Harold Hilton (2/2)\n\n\n1896\n James Foulis\n Harry Vardon (1/7)\n\n\n1895\n Horace Rawlins\n John Henry Taylor (2/5)\n\n\n1894\nNot yet founded\n John Henry Taylor (1/5)\n\n\n1893\n Willie Auchterlonie\n\n\n1892\n Harold Hilton (1/2)\n\n\n1891\n Hugh Kirkaldy\n\n\n1890\n John Ball, Jnr\n\n\n1889\n Willie Park, Jr. (2/2)\n\n\n1888\n Jack Burns\n\n\n1887\n Willie Park, Jr. (1/2)\n\n\n1886\n David Brown\n\n\n1885\n Bob Martin (2/2)\n\n\n1884\n Jack Simpson\n\n\n1883\n Willie Fernie\n\n\n1882\n Bob Ferguson (3/3)\n\n\n1881\n Bob Ferguson (2/3)\n\n\n1880\n Bob Ferguson (1/3)\n\n\n1879\n Jamie Anderson (3/3)\n\n\n1878\n Jamie Anderson (2/3)\n\n\n1877\n Jamie Anderson (1/3)\n\n\n1876\n Bob Martin (1/2)\n\n\n1875\n Willie Park, Sr. (4/4)\n\n\n1874\n Mungo Park\n\n\n1873\n Tom Kidd\n\n\n1872\n Young Tom Morris (4/4)\n\n\n1871\nNot played\n\n\n1870\n Young Tom Morris (3/4)\n\n\n1869\n Young Tom Morris (2/4)\n\n\n1868\n Young Tom Morris (1/4)\n\n\n1867\n Old Tom Morris (4/4)\n\n\n1866\n Willie Park, Sr. (3/4)\n\n\n1865\n Andrew Strath\n\n\n1864\n Old Tom Morris (3/4)\n\n\n1863\n Willie Park, Sr. (2/4)\n\n\n1862\n Old Tom Morris (2/4)\n\n\n1861\n Old Tom Morris (1/4)\n\n\n1860\n Willie Park, Sr. (1/4)\n\n" ]

[ "Sergio García", "Brooks Koepka", "Jordan Spieth", "Justin Thomas" ]

[ "\n\nNo.\noverall\nNo. in\nseason\nTitle\nDirected by\nWritten by\nOriginal air date\nProd.\ncode\n\n\n14\n1\n\"Ghost Horse\"\nTW Peacocke\nHeather Conkie\nOctober 5, 2008 (2008-10-05)\n201\n\n\nTy has been gone for four months, and things have changed at Heartland. There is a new ranch hand, a cowboy named Caleb O'Dell, who came with his roping horse, Shorty. At the start of the episode, Amy watches as two wild stallions fight for control of a herd, and takes the losing wild stallion back to Heartland to treat his injuries and tame him. Lou has plans to create a \"corporate equine retreat\" at Heartland, which Jack rejects as being a \"dude ranch\". She makes an effort to talk him around. At Amy's surprise sweet-sixteen party, Jack gets a call from someone and leaves the party. George Canyon, the country singer, makes a cameo as Mallory's dad Charlie and sings his hit song \"Just Like You\" at Amy's party. The episode ends with Jack and Ty getting out of the truck, to a less-than-warm welcome from Amy.\n\n\n15\n2\n\"Letting Go\"\nTW Peacocke\nLeila Basen and David Preston\nOctober 12, 2008 (2008-10-12)\n202\n\n\nAfter his return, Ty promptly clashes with Caleb, as the latter has stepped into most of Ty's former duties. Caleb begins to emerge as a romantic rival to Ty for Amy, although Ashley is clearly interested in Caleb as well. Having given permission for Lou to establish her corporate equine retreat, Jack balks at tearing down old bunkhouses built by his grandfather, to make way for the new facilities. Lou gets a job as a waitress to prove she has no opportunity to use her skills if Jack won't let anything change at the ranch. Jack agrees to Lou renovating, rather than replacing, the old cabins for her corporate equine retreat. As a birthday present, Tim gives Amy a show jumping horse named Storm, and she is elated to receive such a gift.\n\n\n16\n3\n\"Gift Horse\"\nRon Murphy\nLeila Basen and David Preston\nOctober 19, 2008 (2008-10-19)\n203\n\n\nAmy tries to balance school, chores, and training for show jumping. Her father helps to coach her and Ty offers to help with chores and training Spartan, but Amy is struggling. Her grades in Earth Science slip while she tries to keep up with a show circuit that has competitions every weekend. (It should be noted that Earth Sciences is not actually a course offered in Alberta - parts of geological science are included in various other science courses in the province.[3] This is one of a limited number of regional errors in this show.) Amy is forced to choose between her love of healing troubled horses and living up to her father's show jumping expectations. With no way to balance it all, Amy makes the hard decision to quit show jumping and sell Storm. This allows her to focus on her grades, chores, and work with horses. Meanwhile, Lou is searching for dude ranch horses and she is at odds with Tim over which horses to buy. He knows someone with Quarter Horses to sell, but Jack explains that they are hard for beginners to handle effectively. Amy suggests looking at rescue horses, and Scott helps Lou choose gentle, reliable horses for the dude ranch.\n\n\n17\n4\n\"Dancing in the Dark\"\nRon Murphy\nHeather Conkie\nOctober 26, 2008 (2008-10-26)\n204\n\n\nMost of the family go away on the spring cattle drive, as Ray Phillips, the owner of Big River Ranch, had just passed away and a herd of cattle was part of his estate. Lou pushes them out the door as fast as possible, as she has planned a romantic weekend at the ranch with Scott. Their plans change because Scott happens to be on call, and the dude ranch's first customers arrive a week early: an odd middle-aged couple who are travel bloggers, and Lou goes out of her way to please them, thinking that their reviews could make or break her new venture. Lucky for Lou, they don't hold a grudge; she backed into their car after having lunch with Marnie at Maggie's, before they got to the ranch. While on the cattle drive, Amy and Ty talk for the first time about his absence and clear the air between them. Ty comes close to telling Amy how he feels, and they kiss. Lisa tells Jack that she loves him, and they kiss too. Tim buys Big River Ranch and the infamous longhorns, and finds himself attracted to Ray's daughter Callie. Ty and Caleb get in a fight and accidentally release a group of cattle, who are easily returned to their pen with everyone's help. Mallory is still trying to convince Jake to stop pursuing her, but ends up dancing with him. Lou and Scott realize that their relationship isn't working due to conflicting schedules. Scott suggests a break, while Lou suggests marriage, leaving them on an unclear footing for the near future.\n\n\n18\n5\n\"Corporate Cowgirls\"\nTim Southam\nHeather Conkie\nNovember 2, 2008 (2008-11-02)\n205\n\n\nLou puts a brave face on lingering insecurities when former coworkers from the high-powered career she gave up in New York become customers at her corporate equine retreat. Caleb bails on leading the trail ride because it would have meant Amy and Ty could have a romantic evening alone at the ranch. Amy helps Lou instead and takes Copper, who is a better trail horse, despite Mallory's protests. When Amy is gone, Mallory does a bit of jumping on Spartan, then takes him on a ride. While checking a log on the trail to make sure it's safe to jump, Mallory doesn't notice Spartan leave. She finds him grazing at the side of the road relatively quickly, but doesn't notice the signs indicating recent pesticide application. Once they return to the ranch, it becomes evident something is wrong, which Ty correctly guesses to be pesticide poisoning. Ty looks into Marion's notebooks, and gets Mallory's help to mix charcoal and water. Caleb and his friend Kit, who Ty met accidentally while she was bathing in the pond early that morning, show up. Ty explains the situation, and they get Spartan to drink all the jugs of charcoal water together. Meanwhile, Lou's friends work out their problems with each other, themselves, and their love lives, on the overnight trip that Lou, Tim, Amy, and Jack took them on. Lou's friend Lauren kisses Tim, who pushes her away, and Lou becomes upset with her friend. Lou admits Scott said no to her proposal because he wasn't sure, and that she doesn't know how they stand now. At the end of the trip, Lou feels bad for the fight that happened among the girls the previous night and tries to apologize, but the girls say it was therapeutic, and they will be sure to spread the word in New York about the Heartland Equestrian Connection.\n\n\n19\n6\n\"Holding Fast\"\nTim Southam\nSusin Nielsen\nNovember 9, 2008 (2008-11-09)\n206\n\n\nOut for a ride along the river, Amy comes across an RCMP officer trying to save a young boy from drowning. She tries to help his horse, Venture, who has developed a fear of water. She discovers the connection to the trauma of Constable Rodriguez's brother drowning six years earlier, for which he still feels responsible, and ends up helping both the horse and the officer. Lou goes to a polo match for Nick Harwell's polo team, as he gave her a number of free tickets, and upsets Scott when Nick talks about hiring him and Lou praises his work. Scott and Lou talk about the state of their relationship, and they break up for real. Lisa tries to convince Jack to go to the polo match with her, but he refuses. She even goes to the trouble of getting him a new suit so he won't stand out, but he still refuses. But he shows up just as the match starts and apologizes to Lisa for being so stubborn. Ashley takes Caleb to the polo club with her and shares her new pursuit of barrel racing (which Kit is teaching her) with her mother's friends, much to Val's chagrin. Ty asks Amy out on a date, but she already has plans with Caleb. Mallory tries to get rid of Jake, using lame excuses to avoid seeing him and ignoring his phone calls. Jack facilitates an honest conversation between the two, frustrated with their beating around the bush and hoping to get some peace. They walk off together, with Mallory reiterating that she is not a \"buckle bunny\".\n\n\n20\n7\n\"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\"\nSteve DiMarco\nLeila Basen and David Preston\nNovember 16, 2008 (2008-11-16)\n207\n\n\nWith the annual Hudson Heritage Rodeo looming, everyone at Heartland gets roped into the action and intrigue of broncs, bulls, beer, beauty queens, and belt buckles. Amy and Caleb compete in team roping and he also competes in bronc riding, earning him the all-around cowboy buckle at the rodeo. Soraya, Lou, Ashley, and Kit compete for the title Queen of the Rodeo. Kit wins, Soraya is runner-up, and Ashley is second runner-up. Ty competes in bull riding when someone who was entered doesn't show up, and Amy becomes upset, concerned for his safety, as bull riding seems to be perceived as the most dangerous event. Amy seems concerned over Ty and Kit's budding friendship. Ashley is noticeably upset at the party that follows the rodeo and is drinking quite heavily, and Amy learns from her that Apollo, Ashley's show jumping horse and the only horse that she had a bond with, has been sold. By the end of the night, Ashley is too intoxicated to take herself home, so Amy drives. She takes her eyes off the road and swerves, then Ashley yanks the wheel and they go off the road. Ty and Kit are headed home in his truck, and they help the girls. The next morning, Ty takes the blame for the accident, as Ashley was drunk and Amy has only a Class 7 license (learner's permit), as she hasn't taken the basic road test to earn her Class 5 Probationary license yet. Ashley goes home with her mother, who is angry over the $3700 in damages to Ashley's BMW.\n\n\n21\n8\n\"Summer's End\"\nDon McBrearty\nHeather Conkie\nNovember 29, 2008 (2008-11-29)\n208\n\n\nIt's the end of summer in Hudson, and the weather is sweltering. While most of the family are awake because of the heat, Brad Borden (Ty's father) comes to Heartland with six horses in a livestock trailer designed for cattle. One of the horses is down on the floor with a bad head wound, and Jack is forced to do the merciful thing, though Amy is desperate to prevent it. The other five horses are badly dehydrated and in rough shape, but able to wait until morning, when Scott can get to Heartland from Red Deer. Amy has a feeling that she knows one of the horses, and after cleaning his face, realizes that it is Ashley's former jumper, Apollo. When Amy calls Ashley, she is distraught thinking that her mother sold Apollo to a meat truck. In fairness, Val thought that the horse dealer she sold to was reputable. Ashley smashes the windows of Val's SUV with a golf club and runs away from home, despite Val's threats to cut her off financially. Ashley spends much of the episode working and living at the dude ranch, and considering dropping out of high school. Ty is upset with his father for leaving him alone in Calgary, resulting in the men Brad owed money to tracking Ty down and beating him up several times. Father and son spend some time talking and they make peace, even talking about taking a trip to the Grand Canyon together. Amy, Ty, Caleb, and Mallory care for the horses, and this heavy episode is lightened by Mallory's efforts to stay cool, standing in front of the open fridge and taking a cool bath with several bags of ice. There's even a lighthearted water fight while the four of them are washing down the horses one evening. Amy and Ty are getting closer to where they left things before Ty went to Calgary. When the rain finally comes and cools off the heat, they go outside and kiss, but Ty breaks it off, worrying he is like his dad and saying he doesn't want to hurt Amy. Once the horses are cared for, Lou deals with the logistics by making a deal with their owner (a horse dealer) to buy the five healthy horses for $2000. However, Brad takes the money and leaves abruptly in the middle of the night, after receiving a call from the men that are still expecting his to return their money. Constable Rodriguez comes to the rescue when it looks like the horses will have to go back to the dealer, and the family keep the horses to use on trail rides for the dude ranch.\n\n\n22\n9\n\"Showdown!\"\nSudz Sutherland\nLeila Basen and David Preston\nDecember 7, 2008 (2008-12-07)\n209\n\n\nAmy and Soraya return to school, and Amy makes a bunch of schedules so that Caleb and Ty will do most of the work, and she won't have to fall behind in her studies this year. However, there have been some mysterious cattle rustlers roaming about stealing many ranchers' cows and the ranchers are getting worried. Tim is one such rancher, and he hires both Caleb and Ty to watch his herd. This angers Amy, as she knows they won't have enough time to do most of the regular chores at the ranch as well. When she expresses this anger to Caleb, he kisses her and tells her that she thinks too much. The next day, Ty and Kit are having fun while working on schoolwork in the back of his truck, and they kiss. By this time, they had become close, and she had helped Ty apply to take online courses to complete his high-school diploma. Mallory discovered at the start of the episode that her parents had important news that could only be shared face-to-face. Her father has a gold record, and is going on tour to promote it. Since they can't be around to take care of her, Mallory is to be sent to Blessed Virgin Academy, an all-girls boarding school. There is a touching moment as she leaves the ranch. The tension continues to increase in this episode, as the ranchers become more and more concerned about their cattle. The police try to help track the rustlers, but they work swiftly, observing herds from a helicopter, then cutting fence lines and rounding up the cattle, driving them into a livestock trailer and escaping. Lou feels torn, as she has started seeing Mark Rodriguez, to whom her father is becoming increasingly hostile, feeling that the constable is inept at his job of preventing livestock theft. The episode reaches its climax when Ty and Caleb watch as the cattle rustlers turn up to steal Tim's herd of cattle. Amy rides off in search of the ranch hands when she finds no work completed in the barn, and comes across the same scene, but one of the rustlers causes Spartan to rear, dropping Amy to the ground. Ty and Caleb come to help her, and she manages to escape, but the rustler has a gun and they stop advancing towards the scene of the crime. Jack drives up with Tim in tow, tipped off by Ashley, and try to stop the rustlers, but they are outnumbered. Amy sees this, and comes running towards them, calling, \"Dad!\" The rustlers turn, guns in hand, and shoot towards her; Tim takes a bullet to protect Amy. The episode ends on a cliffhanger, with no indication of where the bullet got Tim or whether he will survive, and the cattle rustlers drive off with his entire herd (minus the two longhorns).\n\n\n23\n10\n\"True Enough\"\nSudz Sutherland\nHeather Conkie\nJanuary 4, 2009 (2009-01-04)\n210\n\n\nThe episode prolongs the cliffhanger as long as possible, not referring to what happened to Tim, showing an influx of food from friends of the family (which usually corresponds with a funeral) and a conversation between Lou and Jack about Amy, saying that it's good she went on a ride. She is even seen riding past the cemetery where her mom was buried in the first episode. Tim turns out to have been injured in his right shoulder, and he is wearing a sling. Tim becomes a source of tension in the household, constantly ringing a bell and expecting to be served. Amy is feeling guilty for being the cause of his bullet wound (although indirectly), and she heals while caring for another horse. Amy's teacher, Ruth Adams, is trying to sell her father's old chestnut, Boxer. Amy and Ty try to help him settle in while they work on rehoming him, by bringing Hank Adams to visit his horse. While he is there, Ruth shows up, very upset that her father was brought to the ranch, revealing that Hank has Alzheimer's. Despite being fuzzy about who his daughter is, Hank clearly remembers Boxer and even Jack. Jack eventually remembers that Hank was the lead guitarist for his wife, Lyndy, when she was a singer professionally. Jack had brought out an old record of hers to listen to, and they listen to it while talking with the Adams. Hank spontaneously picks up a guitar and starts playing the song in time with the record. In the end, Amy offers to keep Boxer so that Hank can visit him while he is able, and Ruth accepts this offer. While Tim is wearing out his welcome with Jack, Callie Phillips shows up and starts taking care of Tim. It seems they have been seeing each other since the cattle drive earlier in the season, and she stays at Big River whenever she is in town. This is quite a shock to the girls, who had no idea that Tim had a girlfriend. Amy is the least comfortable with it, and is fairly rude to Callie while she stays with them overnight. In the meantime, Lou is still seeing Mark, and enjoying it, even making him a mixed CD of police-related songs (whether by theme or artists' name). However, they were supposed to take a trip to the Banff Springs Hotel and have lunch there, but Mark says he is busy going to a provincial review meeting in Edmonton. This turns out to be a lie when Lou sees him kissing a blonde in Hudson, in his truck. He tries to explain that he didn't think they were exclusive, but Lou dumps him without a second thought. Ty is on a date with Kit, and Caleb tells Amy that Ty gave her up too easily. Caleb then shares a kiss with an enthusiastic Amy. Callie and Tim get in a fight, but get back together, and she takes him back to Big River, and finally out of Jack's hair.\n\n\n24\n11\n\"Starstruck!\"\nDean Bennett\nLeila Basen and David Preston\nJanuary 11, 2009 (2009-01-11)\n211\n\n\nHollywood starlet and gossip-rag fodder Mindy Fanshaw arrives at Heartland under the pretext of honing her riding skills, which turn out to be non-existent. Mallory is found hiding in one of the dude ranch cabins, having been aided in her 'escape' from the boarding school by Jake. Mallory collects items Mindy has used around Heartland, planning to sell them on eBay so she can repay Jake for the money he spent helping her. Mindy digs into the Ty/Amy/Caleb 'triangle', lying to all three about what the others had said and attempts to pit the three against each other. She attacks Amy in particular for being unable to choose between Ty and Caleb or express how she feels about either guy. When Mindy ropes Caleb into taking her on a trail ride, she insists on riding an ailing Pegasus, ignoring Amy's warning that the horse should not be used. This results in a calculated photo-op for Mindy with paparazzi tipped off by her agent. The photographers get too close and spook Pegasus, dropping Mindy off his back, but causing stone bruises and a chipped bone for Pegasus. Lou eventually kicks Mindy out for behaving as a spoiled rich girl and disrupting the peace at Heartland, and she drives off into the sunset. She does leave Amy a parting gift, in the form of a very flashy, one of a kind belt, which was for sale at Maggie's for $995. Amy promptly gives this to Soraya, with whom she was fighting over Amy's not sharing that Mindy was taking riding lessons at Heartland.\n\n\n25\n12\n\"Divorce Horse\"\nDean Bennett\nHeather Conkie\nJanuary 18, 2009 (2009-01-18)\n212\n\n\nMackenzie Hutton returns to Heartland with a fiancé, Ian, who she met after dumping her real estate agent boyfriend in New York. Mackenzie has changed quite a bit from her last visit to Heartland. She has given up the pretense of allergies to gluten, dairy, sugar, food that is not certified organic, and caffeine. She is also much more relaxed and happy with her easygoing husband-to-be in the picture. She has also taken a page from Lou's book and quit her job to be her own boss, running a little art gallery in the Village. When Mackenzie arrives at Heartland, she is talking about a small wedding (under 50 guests) held outside near the dude ranch, with a BBQ cookout reception. Lisa (with the best of intentions) meddles with Lou's plans for Mackenzie, since she knows the Huttons and their high-society lifestyle. Lisa and Mackenzie's mom convince her that she would be happier with a sit-down reception dinner and a tent and roses and peonies for table settings, rather than what she and Ian had been hoping for. Lisa also meddles in Lou's personal life, giving her email to a friend, who passed it on to another friend's single son. Peter, the young man, emails Lou, but she has to decide if she wants to respond. In the meantime, Amy has been treating another horse for Lisa, an Andalusian beauty named Diva. Lisa claims the horse is cursed, calling her \"Diva girl, the divorce horse\", as everyone who has owned the horse has become divorced. She is moody and temperamental, and Lisa asks Amy to figure her out, since Diva has been returned three times after being rehomed. With Ty and Caleb's help, Amy determines that Diva just needs to be a horse, and hates to be kept in a stall. Unfortunately, this means that Lisa cannot sell her as a show horse. She ultimately decides to give Diva to Mackenzie, who had taken a real shine to her, and would be able to keep her at her inlaws' ranch in Montana. While Mackenzie and Ian had been fighting during the episode over whether to even get married after their plans were hijacked, they resolve their differences and remember how much they love one another. The episode ends with Mackenzie and Ian saying their vows in the company of the Heartland family, at sunset in front of the dude ranch cabins and overlooking the pond.\n\n\n26\n13\n\"Seismic Shifts\"\nTW Peacocke\nSusin Nielsen\nFebruary 8, 2009 (2009-02-08)\n213\n\n\nBedford Oil comes to Hudson and begins to conduct oil exploration on Jack's property, using seismic testing and exploratory oil wells. Mallory tells Lou that there is little to be done, as the oil companies can do as they please. Feeling shocked by the injustice of it, Lou mobilizes the community against Bedford. She holds a town hall meeting where she invites local community members, their MLA, and a representative from Bedford Oil, who shows up and turns out to be PW (Peter Walter) Morris, the company owner. Tim shares a contrasting perspective with Lou privately, saying that he would be glad to have a well installed on his property, for the royalties he would be paid. Mallory is reading Wuthering Heights and becomes convinced that Amy and Ty are Catherine and Heathcliff, meant to be together but thwarted by circumstance. Amy is working on desensitizing a horse named Acorn to noise and struggles to make progress with the oil company blasting at the edge of Jack's land. Ashley and Caleb become roommates, as Ashley leaves Briar Ridge again after fighting with her mother. Mallory discovers that the two fishermen staying at the dude ranch are actually working for the oil company, when she is cleaning their cabin and discovers their fishing gear left behind. Lou kicks them out, though they protest that they had paid for several days more. Lou continues to hold a grudge against Lisa and avoid her company, though she continues to instant message with the man that Lisa gave Lou's email to. By the end of the episode, Lisa apologizes to Lou and they have an honest conversation, making up in the process. Lou meets PW in town twice, spilling coffee on his shirt both times. He seems somewhat interested in her, but she shuts him down. Lou agrees to meet \"Internet guy\" as Mallory has dubbed him, who turns out to be none other than PW. Neither one of them were able to make the connection, though, as both used their first names - Peter and Samantha. Lou lets practical considerations (the fact that Peter is \"an oil guy\") get in the way of having a relationship (or even a date) with Peter. Nonetheless, they wind up kissing on the street in front of Maggie's. Lou starts to leave, returns to kiss him again, and then says that their attraction cannot go anywhere, ending the episode on a small cliffhanger.\n\n\n27\n14\n\"Do or Die\"\nTW Peacocke\nMark Haroun\nFebruary 15, 2009 (2009-02-15)\n214\n\n\nTy's former probation officer, Clint, brings two troubled kids to the ranch, hoping that they can learn something from Ty and the ranch where he sorted out his problems. The two kids, Tara and Badger, seem to be at the far end of the spectrum relative to Ty, starting off their stay by burning an Adirondack chair at the dude ranch and putting peanut butter in the muffin Clint was eating -- knowing he was allergic to peanuts. Tara is a goth, and Badger is a boy who never talks. They clash with most of the family, and especially Mallory. Tara teases her by calling her a cheerleader, Hilary Duff, and similar names that reflect her perception of Mallory as a peppy \"nice girl\". Ty and Badger fight from the beginning, when he refuses to put out his cigarette and later lets all of the horses in the barn out. Tara follows Ty around a bit, making reference to them being alike, thinking she knows his experiences. Mallory eventually makes peace with Tara by sharing her own story about her parents leaving her at Heartland to go on the road. Tara responds dismissively, but Mallory says she should realize that other people have problems too. After this, Tara comes around. Mallory even persuades her to take a riding lesson, making a deal with Tara that Mallory will try out the goth look and attitude in exchange. Amy takes them back to the dude ranch so that she can watch them and there will be enough room for everyone, then sits outside with Ty by the fire as Mallory and Tara have a pillow fight. Ty confides that he didn't want the other foster kids at Heartland because he doesn't want to be a poster boy for the rehabilitation program. Ty reveals that his mother remarried a man who was horrible to them both. He made a vow to pay him back for the pain he inflicted, and when he did, the neighbours called the cops. At this point, Ty met Clint, who was supposed to deal with the hopeless cases. Amy is happy that Ty finally shared his story, and tells him that she's happy Clint brought him to Heartland.\n\n\n28\n15\n\"Dark Horse\"\nDean Bennett\nLeila Basen and David Preston\nMarch 1, 2009 (2009-03-01)\n215\n\n\nWhen a county by-law threatens to separate elderly Mrs. Bell from her beloved pony Sugarfoot, Lou revives the Hudson Charity Derby to raise money for a legal defense fund. This reawakens an old rivalry between Tim and Jack, who were the reason the derby became defunct many years previously. Both dispute who won, because Tim won by going off-course during the race. Both sign up for this derby to settle their score. Kit drops off her horse Money (short for You're so Money), whom she thought was a chuckwagon horse, to Heartland for rehoming. Scott looks at the horse and determines that he has a tattoo, meaning he was a racehorse. Ty looks up Money's records and discovers that he was a success when racing. Amy helps get Tim's palomino horse in shape for the race, as Tim is still having difficulty riding due to his shoulder. Ty helps Jack train on their \"secret weapon\" because Jack's horse, Paint, is too old to race in the derby. Tim and Jack are doing well in the race, until Tim falls off his horse and Jack stops to help him. Scott wins the race and Tim and Jack tie for second (although Tim's horse was ahead by a little bit, if you watch closely). Amy and Ty are recruited to be spotters at the halfway point, which doesn't work out, as the walkie talkies that Amy and Lou communicate on are unable to connect properly over such a distance. Ty and Amy start play-fighting and almost kiss. Ashley's mom offers to sponsor Caleb so he can join the professional rodeo circuit and leave Hudson. This episode features some comic relief between Jack and Tim - Tim offers Jack hay, and Jack thinks it will be free. They haggle over price, and Jack plans to take the hay. They disagree later, and he comes back to return the hay. In all, the hay is lifted onto and taken off of the bed of Jack's truck no less than four times.\n\n\n29\n16\n\"The Ties That Bind\"\nDean Bennett\nPenny Gummerson\nMarch 8, 2009 (2009-03-08)\n216\n\n\nThe episode opens with Amy and Spartan out on a ride as dusk is falling. For no clear reason, Spartan is acting a bit uneasy. This part of the episode is filmed as if through the eyes of someone watching Amy and her horse, always with trees between the scene and the audience. When they return to the barn, Amy also seems uneasy, and decides not to let Ty turn Spartan out with the other horses overnight. That night, Amy tosses and turns, seeing the night her mom died in her dreams, while Wes breaks into the barn and escapes with Spartan. When Amy wakes up in the middle of the night and goes to check on him, she discovers that Spartan is gone. The family speaks to the police to track Spartan, but Ty and Amy also spend the next couple weeks checking horse auctions to see if Spartan turns up. They visit the Highwood Auction, and Ty buys a two-year-old bay gelding named Harley. Amy is angry that he spent the money he'd been saving for a motorcycle on a horse, but he says that he's almost a motorcycle, due to the name. Amy starts to storm out, but Ty stops her when he sees Spartan turn up. Spartan is there and Wes buys him \"legally\". Amy tries to prove that Spartan is her horse, but she doesn't possess a bill of sale, and current registration papers don't prove it without one. Wes is unable to leave with Spartan right away because Ty slashed his tires to ensure he couldn't leave before they talked to the brand inspector. Ty chases down Wes later, hoping to buy Spartan back, but Wes refuses to sell him for any price. Amy later plans to return and steal Spartan from the auction house, and Ty tries to talk her out of it, saying it's a felony. (This is actually untrue in Alberta, as indictable offences are applied in Canada. This is one of a limited number of regional errors in this show.) In the end, Ty reluctantly agrees to help her that evening. Ty gets caught and taken to jail, where Jack bails him out, but he may still be convicted. Jack and Tim track down Wes and force him to sign a bill of sale, returning Spartan and preventing similar problems for Amy in the future. Jack also talks to Constable Rodriguez, who promises to destroy the file on Ty's theft attempt. Ty instead has to do 200 hours of community service, and Amy is grounded until further notice. Mallory's horse, Copper, is scared of her because of her \"goth\" look, so she returns to her normal style by the end of the episode. Lou is apprehensive of revealing to her family that she is dating an oil guy, and goes to extreme measures to avoid them seeing her with Peter. Caleb gets his rodeo card, and Val offers him a sponsorship to go on the road and stay away from Ashley. Caleb debates whether to take it, and talks to both Ty and Kit about it. In the end, he decides to go, and does so at the end of the episode.\n\n\n30\n17\n\"Full Circle\"\nDon McBrearty\nPenny Gummerson\nMarch 15, 2009 (2009-03-15)\n217\n\n\nSpartan refuses to jump for Amy and she is suffering from the trauma of having him stolen, so Amy takes him to Marion's Aboriginal Canadian friend Victor Whitetail who helps people connect with their horses. He helps Amy process her feelings and heal, using traditional Aboriginal methods. Victor was more than friends with Marion after Tim left. Peter books the entire dude ranch in order to spend time with Lou, who continues to keep him a secret from her family. Peter is forced to tell Lou he has an ex-wife when he has to take care of their dog, Max. Lou promises to let him meet her family, now that she knows more about his. Ty breaks Harley while Amy stays at Victor's, but gets into a fight with Kit when she tries to show him her methods. Later, Ty breaks up with Kit, realizing he has feelings for Amy; when she returns, he tells her he can't continue being only friends. Ashley mopes around because Caleb hasn't spoken to her since leaving for the rodeo circuit.\n\n\n31\n18\n\"Step By Step\"\nDon McBrearty\nHeather Conkie\nMarch 22, 2009 (2009-03-22)\n218\n\n\nTy tells Jack and Amy that this winter is very hard on the mustangs in the mountains, and Amy wants to go feed them. Jack says it will make them dependent on people. At dinner, Mallory reveals that Ty has earned his high school diploma and later tells Amy that he's at a crossroads, and asks if Amy has any plans. She replies that she's working on it. Her method is revealed when we see Amy talking about sneaking up to the fishing cabin with Ty to feed the horses, which will also give them a great opportunity to talk. Jack comes into the barn to tell them that it's now necessary to feed the horses, and the three of them can go up that weekend. However, Lou has weekend plans and Mallory and Jake have nowhere to stay, so Jack winds up looking after them. This leaves Amy and Ty free to follow through with their plans, in the open. When they arrive, Amy and Ty spread out the hay for the horses, and Ty collapses after thinking he sees Ghost. (This is the second time that Ghost shows up when Ty is in danger.) Ty develops a high fever, but no one else can reach the fishing cabin because the highway is closed. Lou was heading to a spa with Peter along one of the mountain highways, but they were forced to turn back due to the closures. Lou made an attempt to tell Jack about Peter, but Mallory and Jake spilled something in the other room, and Jack took them to Maggie's. When they return, Lou introduces Peter to Jack, who is incredibly unhappy that Lou is dating an oil guy, even calling him the enemy. However, after Amy contacts Jack via the cabin's shortwave radio, Peter organizes snowplows to clear the highway in the morning, and Jack grudgingly accepts him. Amy cares for Ty overnight, and his fever eventually breaks. It turns out that Ghost really was there, not a hallucination of Ty's brought on by illness. Upon seeing Ghost outside, the pair go out to greet him, and Amy begins to talk about what Ty said. She agrees they can't just be friends, admitting that she loves him. Ty finally tells Amy his feelings for her. Meanwhile, Val gets her test results back, and they are negative. Val tells Ashley that she sponsored Caleb, which causes Ashley to become upset with her mom and Caleb. When he returns to his trailer, Ashley kicks him out. Later, Val is driving along, and pulls over to answer her phone and discover that she needs further tests. Jack gives Tim a loan, since Tim was thinking of selling land to Val to be able to afford to continue after losing his herd of cattle, which would turn Val into Jack's neighbour on both sides. Once they return to Heartland, Amy and Ty get cozy on the couch. He makes Amy say she loves him again, and they kiss.\n\n" ]

[ "Step By Step" ]

[ "A presidential election was held in India on 17 July 2017 with the votes counted and the results announced on 20 July 2017. Ram Nath Kovind became 14th president of India(Dr Rajendra Prasad had became twice the president of India) President Pranab Mukherjee, whose term of office was due to expire on 24 July 2017,[2] declined to seek re-election due to health concerns." ]

[ "Ram Nath Kovind" ]

[ "Olivia Cooke as Art3mis / Samantha Cook, a well-known Gunter who works with various allies to ensure the OASIS is kept free and out of the hands of IOI." ]

[ "Olivia Cooke" ]

[ "The Ontario government debt is the net amount of money the Government of Ontario has borrowed from the general public, institutional investors and public-sector bodies. As of March 31, 2018, the Ontario government's total debt is projected to be CDN$348.79 billion.[4] The Debt-to-GDP ratio for 2017-2018 is 37.1% and interest on the debt is CDN$11.97 billion, representing 8.0% of Ontario's revenue and its fourth-largest spending area.[5][6]", "The Ontario government debt is the net amount of money the Government of Ontario has borrowed from the general public, institutional investors and public-sector bodies. As of March 31, 2018, the Ontario government's total debt is projected to be CDN$348.79 billion.[4] The Debt-to-GDP ratio for 2017-2018 is 37.1% and interest on the debt is CDN$11.97 billion, representing 8.0% of Ontario's revenue and its fourth-largest spending area.[5][6]", "The Ontario government debt is the net amount of money the Government of Ontario has borrowed from the general public, institutional investors and public-sector bodies. As of March 31, 2018, the Ontario government's total debt is projected to be CDN$348.79 billion.[4] The Debt-to-GDP ratio for 2017-2018 is 37.1% and interest on the debt is CDN$11.97 billion, representing 8.0% of Ontario's revenue and its fourth-largest spending area.[5][6]" ]

[ "the general public", "institutional investors", "public-sector bodies." ]

[ "\"The pot calling the kettle black\" is a proverbial idiom that may be of Spanish origin of which English versions began to appear in the first half of the 17th century. The idiom is glossed in the original sources as being used of a person who is guilty of the very thing of which they accuse another and is thus an example of psychological projection." ]

[ "a person who is guilty of the very thing of which they accuse another" ]

[ "\n\nNo. in series\nNo. in season\nTitle[a]\nOriginal air date[12]\n\n\n39\n1\n\"Game Start\"\n\"Gēmu Sutāto\" (ゲーム・スタート) \nApril 7, 2018\n\n\n\nThe students of 1-A have a PE class at the pool, while reminiscing about the main events of the previous seasons.\nNote: The episode earned a 4.9% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[30] \n\n\n40\n2\n\"Wild, Wild Pussycats\"\n\"Wairudo Wairudo Pusshīkyattsu\" (ワイルド・ワイルド・プッシーキャッツ) \nApril 14, 2018\n\n\nOn the day of the forest lodge trip, Class 1-A and 1-B prepare to board buses. An hour later, Class 1-A's bus stops for a restroom break. Suddenly, two women wearing cat-like costumes and a small boy appear. The women introduce themselves as the professional Hero Team, The Pussycats, while the boy is revealed to be Kota, an orphan in their care who despises heroes. Mandalay tells class 1-A that they must reach the training camp at the base of the mountain by midday or they will miss lunch. Despite their best efforts, class 1-A's progress is inhibited by earthen beasts throughout the forest, controlled by Pixie-Bob with her Quirk, and the students miss their deadline by hours. However, team Pussycats is satisfied with their performances, and they are offered dinner instead. Afterwards, Class 1-A go to the hot springs for a bath. Mineta tries to peek at the girls' bath side but is prevented by Kota; Kota accidentally sees the girls and faints, but is saved by Izuku. Izuku brings the unconscious Kota to the cabin and learns the story of his parents; pro heroes who died in the line of duty. \n\n\n41\n3\n\"Kota\"\n\"Kōta-kun\" (洸汰くん) \nApril 21, 2018\n\n\nClass 1-A and 1-B continues training as the villains prepare to attack. Despite Kota's hatred for heroes, and the superhuman society in general, Midoriya tries to convince Kota by telling his own tales as his friend's story. The villains attack when the students are participating in a training exercise and catch them unawares. \n\n\n42\n4\n\"My Hero\"\n\"Boku no Hīrō\" (僕のヒーロー) \nApril 28, 2018\n\n\nThe villains continue their attack, working in teams or alone to target different groups of students and teachers. Muscular, one of the villains chances upon Kota at his secret hideout and tries to kill him, but is stopped by Izuku. Izuku is pushed to his limit in the fight but manages to defeat Muscular with a 1,000,000% Delaware Detroit Smash and saves Kota. Kota finally overcomes his prejudices due to Izuku's selflessness and calls him \"My Hero\". \n\n\n43\n5\n\"Drive It Home, Iron Fist!!!\"\n\"Buchi komu tekken!!!\" (ブチ込む鉄拳!!!) \nMay 5, 2018\n\n\nAfter defeating Muscular, Izuku carries Kota back to the camp and runs into Eraserhead. Izuku passes Kota over to him, as he has a message to deliver to everyone through Mandalay's telepathy. The teacher asks Izuku to deliver a message from him as well. Mandalay delivers both messages: That “Kacchan” (Katsuki) is one of the villains' targets and the students have permission to use their quirks to defend themselves. Meanwhile, Tetsutetsu and Itsuka find the source of a poisonous gas that is filling part of the forest: a villain named Mustard. The two work together to defeat Mustard and this results in the gas dissipating. Izuku runs into Mezo while searching for Katsuki and learns that Fumikage's quirk, Dark Shadow, is out of control. \n\n\n44\n6\n\"Roaring Upheaval\"\n\"Ganaru Fūnkyū\" (がなる風雲急) \nMay 12, 2018\n\n\nMezo asks for Izuku's help in saving Fumikage from his own quirk and to choose between saving Fumikage or Katsuki. Izuku devises a plan to save both, which involves leading Dark Shadow to Katsuki and Shoto who are fighting the villain Moonfish. Dark Shadow defeats Moonfish and is then weakened and brought back under control by Katsuki and Shoto. The students team up and run into Ochaco and Tsuyu fighting a villain called Himiko. As there are now more student present than she is ready to take on by herself, Himiko retreats. Izuku asks the girls to help them protect Katsuki but Katsuki and Fumikage have already been kidnapped by the villain Mr. Compress. A Nomu chases Yosetsu who is carrying a heavily injured Momo but the Nomu is called back by Dabi as their mission has been accomplished. Momo makes a tracking device which Yosetsu attaches to the Nomu. Izuku and the others continue to chase Mr. Compress but are unable to keep up with his speed. Izuku devises a plan to launch him, Shoto and Mezo into the air using Ochaco and Tsuyu's quirks. They manage to successfully tackle Mr. Compress to the ground. \n\n\n45\n7\n\"What a Twist!\"\n\"Ten Ten Ten!\" (転転転!) \nMay 19, 2018\n\n\nMidoriya, Todoroki and Shoji have caught up with Mr. Compress, and with Aoyama's assistance, they manage to rescue Tokoyami. However, the villains retreat with Bakugo, leaving the heroes-in-training in anguish. U.A. faces serious backlash over the next couple of days, even while the police pursues a lead to find the League of Villains. Midoriya wakes up in a hospital bed, two days after the attack. Almost all of class A comes to visit him. Kirishima and Todoroki reveal that they plan to go rescue Bakugo. \n\n\n46\n8\n\"From Iida to Midoriya\"\n\"Īda kara Midoriya e\" (飯田から緑谷へ) \nMay 26, 2018\n\n\nAt Midoriya's room in the hospital, class 1A debates whether or not they should attempt a rescue mission. Kirishima let Midoriya know that they intend to make their move that very night. U.A organizes a press conference whose airing is met with criticism. Meanwhile the police continues with their investigation and organizes a team of heroes to strike back against the villains. Midoriya decides to join Todoroki and Kirishima in their rescue attempt, as does Yaoyorozu. Iida attempts to convince them to drop their plan but ultimately decides to join them so that he can keep an eye on them and call the mission off if actual combat breaks out. The group makes their way to Camino ward and change into disguises to avoid standing out. Shigaraki attempts to convince Bakugo to join the League of Villains but Bakugo reveals his commitment to becoming a hero and attacks Twice and Shigaraki. \n\n\n47\n9\n\"All For One\"\n\"Ōru Fō Wan\" (オール・フォー・ワン) \nJune 2, 2018\n\n\nMidoriya, Yaoyorozu, Todoroki, Kirishima, and Iida continue their search and rescue to save Bakugo. After arriving at what seems to be the hideout, they discover a large amount of Nomus inside. The Pro-Heroes then capture the members of the League of Villains, but an unexpected warp attacks the heroes and takes Bakugo once again. \n\n\n48\n10\n\"Symbol of Peace\"\n\"Heiwa no Shōchō\" (平和の象徴) \nJune 9, 2018\n\n\nAll for One, the mastermind behind the League of Villains, has snatched back his underlings from the heroes, and Bakugo as well. All Might flies to the rescue, but he's worried about Bakugo's safety and can't fight at full power. Midoriya comes up with a plan that would allow the students to escape with Bakugo, without fighting the villains, and it all comes down to Kirishima. \n\n\n49\n11\n\"One For All\"\n\"Wan Fō Ōru\" (ワン・フォー・オール) \nJune 16, 2018\n\n\nAll Might and All for One clash furiously as their battle is witnessed by the entire world. With his power diminishing by the minute, All Might decides to muster all the rest of his strength into a single attack to defeat his enemy. \n\n\n50\n12\n\"End of the Beginning, Beginning of the End\"\n\"Hajimari no Owari Owari no Hajimari\" (始まりの終わり 終わりの始まり) \nJune 23, 2018\n\n" ]

[ "April 21, 2018" ]

[ "The story of Jagga Jasoos evolves around the infamous high profile case of Purulia Arms Drop, which took place in the year 1995 allegedly to overthrow the then Communist Government of West Bengal, India. Jagga (Ranbir Kapoor), a curious and shy young boy in a quaint little town lives a happy life with his accident-prone father, Bagchi (Saswata Chatterjee). After admitting Jagga into a boarding school, his father suddenly disappears. Feeling abandoned, Jagga's only contact with his father is a VHS tape that he receives in the mail every year on his birthday. Armed with sharp detective skills, Jagga sets out to solve the mystery of his missing parent. Along the way, he finds a partner in Shruti (Katrina Kaif), an accident-prone journalist with her own international criminal case to solve. Using a few tricks he learnt from Bagchi, with Shruti embark on a mission to uncover details of his father's mysterious life and finds himself embroiled in a worldwide smuggling racket." ]

[ "infamous high profile case of Purulia Arms Drop, which took place in the year 1995 allegedly to overthrow the then Communist Government of West Bengal, India" ]

[ "Leila Seth (20 October 1930 – 5 May 2017) was the first woman judge on the Delhi High Court and she became the first woman to become Chief Justice of a state High Court on 5 August 1991.[1] She sat on a number of enquiry commissions, including one into the death of 'Biscuit Baron' Rajan Pillai, and was also a part of the three-member bench of the Justice Verma Committee that was established to overhaul India's rape laws in the aftermath of the infamous 2012 Delhi gang-rape case. She was a member of the 15th Law Commission of India from 1997 to 2000, and was responsible for the amendments to the Hindu Succession Act that gave equal rights to daughters in joint family property.[2]\n" ]

[ "Leila Seth" ]

[ "Zack Siler (Freddie Prinze Jr.) is the big man on campus at his Southern California high school. His popular and narcissistic girlfriend, Taylor Vaughan (Jodi Lyn O'Keefe), ditches him for a faded reality TV star from The Real World, Brock Hudson (Matthew Lillard), whom she met on Spring Break in Florida. Although bitter over the break-up, Zack consoles himself by claiming that Taylor is replaceable by any girl in the school. Zack's friend, Dean Sampson, Jr. (Paul Walker), disagrees and challenges him to a bet on whether Zack can turn any random girl into the Prom Queen within six weeks, a coveted position held by the most popular girl in school. Dean picks out Laney Boggs (Rachael Leigh Cook), a dorky, solitary, unpopular art student, as his choice for Zack." ]

[ "Southern California high school" ]

[ "The U.S. countered with a buildup of American airpower to support ARVN defensive operations and to conduct Operation Linebacker, the first offensive bombing of North Vietnam since Rolling Thunder had been terminated in 1968. The PAVN attacks against Huế, An Lộc, and Kon Tum were contained and the ARVN launched a counteroffensive in May to retake the lost northern provinces. On September 10, the South Vietnamese flag once again flew over the ruins of the Citadel of Quảng Trị City, but the ARVN offensive then ran out of steam, conceding the rest of the occupied territory to the North Vietnamese. South Vietnam had countered the heaviest attack since Tet, but it was very evident that it was totally dependent on U.S. airpower for its survival. Meanwhile, the withdrawal of American troops, who numbered less than 100,000 at the beginning of the year, was continued as scheduled. By June only six infantry battalions remained. On August 12, the last American ground combat division left the country. However, the U.S. continued to operate the base At Long Binh. Combat patrols continued there until November 11 when the U.S. handed over the base to the South Vietnamese. After this, only 24,000 American troops remained in Vietnam and President Nixon announced that they would stay there until all U.S. POW's were freed." ]

[ "Nixon" ]

[ "The closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics took place at Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, on 25 February 2018 at 20:00 KST (UTC+9).[1]" ]

[ "25 February 2018 at 20:00 KST (UTC+9)" ]

[ "\"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" is a song written by Phil Spector, Barry Mann, and Cynthia Weil. It was first recorded by the Righteous Brothers in 1964, produced by Phil Spector. Their recording is considered by some music critics to be the ultimate expression and illustration of Spector's \"Wall of Sound\" recording technique.[2] It has also been described by various music writers as \"one of the best records ever made\" and \"the ultimate pop record\".[1]\n" ]

[ "the Righteous Brothers" ]

[ "January 11 - Anti-independence riots, incited by Spanish Army officers, occur in Havana, the capital of Cuba. Extensive property damage occurs as rioters demand that Spain stop giving concessions to the Cuban rebels.[41]" ]

[ "Havana, the capital of Cuba" ]

[ "From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]\n" ]

[ "mid-1988" ]

[ "Initially, Trial by Jury, which runs only 30 minutes or so, was played last on a triple bill, on which the main attraction, La Périchole (starring Dolaro as the title character, Fred Sullivan as Don Andres and Walter H. Fisher as Piquillo), was preceded by the one-act farce Cryptoconchoidsyphonostomata.[16] The latter was immediately replaced by a series of other curtain raisers.[20][c] The composer conducted the first night's performance, and the theatre's music director, B. Simmons, conducted thereafter.[22] The composer's brother, Fred Sullivan, starred as the Learned Judge, with Nellie Bromley as the Plaintiff. One of the choristers in Trial by Jury, W. S. Penley, was promoted in November 1875[23] to the small part of the Foreman of the Jury and made a strong impact on audiences with his amusing facial expressions and gestures.[24] In March 1876, he temporarily replaced Fred Sullivan as the Judge, when Fred's health declined from tuberculosis.[25] With this start, Penley went on to a successful career as comic actor, culminating with the lead role in the record-breaking original production of Charley's Aunt.[24] Fred Sullivan died in January 1877.[26]\n" ]

[ "The composer's brother, Fred Sullivan" ]

[ "\n\nState\n1789\n1792\n1796\n1800\n\n1804\n1808\n1812\n1816\n1820\n1824\n1828\n1832\n1836\n1840\n\n1844\n1848\n1852\n1856\n1860\n1864\n1868\n1872\n1876\n1880\n\n1884\n1888\n1892\n1896\n1900\n1904\n1908\n1912\n1916\n1920\n\n1924\n1928\n1932\n1936\n1940\n1944\n1948\n1952\n1956\n1960\n\n1964\n1968\n1972\n1976\n1980\n1984\n1988\n1992\n1996\n2000\n\n2004\n2008\n2012\n2016\nState\n\n\nAlabama\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nDR\nJackson\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nSD\n \nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nSR\nD\nD\nI\nR\nAI\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nAlabama\n\n\nAlaska\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nAlaska\n\n\nArizona\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nArizona\n\n\nArkansas\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nSD\n \nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nAI\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nArkansas\n\n\nCalifornia\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nPR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nCalifornia\n\n\nColorado\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nR\nR\nR\nPO\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nColorado\n\n\nConnecticut\nGW\nGW\nF\nF\nF\nF\nF\nF\nDR\nAdams\nNR\nNR\nD\nW\nW\nW\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nConnecticut\n\n\nDelaware\nGW\nGW\nF\nF\nF\nF\nF\nF\nDR\nCrawford\nNR\nNR\nW\nW\nW\nW\nD\nD\nSD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nDelaware\n\n\nD.C.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD.C.\n\n\nFlorida\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nW\nD\nD\nSD\n \nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nFlorida\n\n\nGeorgia\nGW\nGW\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nCrawford\nD\nD\nW\nW\nD\nW\nD\nD\nSD\n \nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nAI\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nGeorgia\n\n\nHawaii\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nHawaii\n\n\nIdaho\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nPO\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nIdaho\n\n\nIllinois\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nDR\nJackson\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nIllinois\n\n\nIndiana\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nDR\nDR\nJackson\nD\nD\nW\nW\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nIndiana\n\n\nIowa\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nR\nIowa\n\n\nKansas\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nPO\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nKansas\n\n\nKentucky\n \nGW\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nClay\nD\nNR\nW\nW\nW\nW\nW\nD\nCU\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nKentucky\n\n\nLouisiana\n \n \n \n \n \n \nDR\nDR\nDR\nJackson\nD\nD\nD\nW\nD\nW\nD\nD\nSD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nSR\nD\nR\nD\nR\nAI\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nLouisiana\n\n\nMaine\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nDR\nAdams\nNR\nD\nD\nW\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nMaine\n\n\nMaryland\nGW\nGW\nF\nSP\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nJackson\nNR\nNR\nW\nW\nW\nW\nD\nKN\nSD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nMaryland\n\n\nMassachusetts\nGW\nGW\nF\nF\nDR\nF\nF\nF\nDR\nAdams\nNR\nNR\nW\nW\nW\nW\nW\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nMassachusetts\n\n\nMichigan\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nW\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nPR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nMichigan\n\n\nMinnesota\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nPR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nMinnesota\n\n\nMississippi\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nDR\nJackson\nD\nD\nD\nW\nD\nD\nD\nD\nSD\n \n \nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nSR\nD\nD\nI\nR\nAI\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nMississippi\n\n\nState\n1789\n1792\n1796\n1800\n1804\n1808\n1812\n1816\n1820\n1824\n1828\n1832\n1836\n1840\n1844\n1848\n1852\n1856\n1860\n1864\n1868\n1872\n1876\n1880\n1884\n1888\n1892\n1896\n1900\n1904\n1908\n1912\n1916\n1920\n1924\n1928\n1932\n1936\n1940\n1944\n1948\n1952\n1956\n1960\n1964\n1968\n1972\n1976\n1980\n1984\n1988\n1992\n1996\n2000\n2004\n2008\n2012\n2016\nState\n\n\nMissouri\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nDR\nJackson\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nND\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nMissouri\n\n\nMontana\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nMontana\n\n\nNebraska\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nNebraska\n\n\nNevada\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nPO\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nNevada\n\n\nNew Hampshire\nGW\nGW\nF\nF\nDR\nF\nF\nDR\nDR\nAdams\nNR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nNew Hampshire\n\n\nNew Jersey\nGW\nGW\nF\nF\nDR\nDR\nF\nDR\nDR\nJackson\nNR\nD\nW\nW\nW\nW\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nNew Jersey\n\n\nNew Mexico\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nNew Mexico\n\n\nNew York\n\nGW\nF\nDR\nDR\nDR\nF\nDR\nDR\nAdams\nD\nD\nD\nW\nD\nW\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nD\nR\nD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nNew York\n\n\nNorth Carolina\n \nGW\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nJackson\nD\nD\nD\nW\nW\nW\nD\nD\nSD\n \nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nNorth Carolina\n\n\nNorth Dakota\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nSP\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nNorth Dakota\n\n\nOhio\n \n \n \n \nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nClay\nD\nD\nW\nW\nW\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nOhio\n\n\nOklahoma\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nOklahoma\n\n\nOregon\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nOregon\n\n\nPennsylvania\nGW\nGW\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nJackson\nD\nD\nD\nW\nD\nW\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nPR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nPennsylvania\n\n\nRhode Island\n \nGW\nF\nF\nDR\nF\nF\nDR\nDR\nAdams\nNR\nNR\nD\nW\nW\nW\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nRhode Island\n\n\nSouth Carolina\nGW\nGW\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nJackson\nD\nN\nW\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nSD\n \nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nSR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nSouth Carolina\n\n\nSouth Dakota\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nPR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nSouth Dakota\n\n\nTennessee\n \n \nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nJackson\nD\nD\nW\nW\nW\nW\nW\nD\nCU\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nTennessee\n\n\nTexas\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nD\nSD\n \n \nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nTexas\n\n\nUtah\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nUtah\n\n\nVermont\n \nGW\nF\nF\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nAdams\nNR\nAM\nW\nW\nW\nW\nW\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nVermont\n\n\nVirginia\nGW\nGW\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nDR\nCrawford\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nCU\n \n \nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nVirginia\n\n\nWashington\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nPR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nWashington\n\n\nWest Virginia\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nWest Virginia\n\n\nWisconsin\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nPR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nD\nR\nWisconsin\n\n\nWyoming\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nD\nD\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nD\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nR\nWyoming\n\n\nState\n1789\n1792\n1796\n1800\n1804\n1808\n1812\n1816\n1820\n1824\n1828\n1832\n1836\n1840\n1844\n1848\n1852\n1856\n1860\n1864\n1868\n1872\n1876\n1880\n1884\n1888\n1892\n1896\n1900\n1904\n1908\n1912\n1916\n1920\n1924\n1928\n1932\n1936\n1940\n1944\n1948\n1952\n1956\n1960\n1964\n1968\n1972\n1976\n1980\n1984\n1988\n1992\n1996\n2000\n2004\n2008\n2012\n2016\nState\n\n" ]

[ "1988" ]

[ "The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in the San Francisco Bay Area in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The Warriors have reached ten NBA Finals, winning six NBA championships in 1947,[b] 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Golden State's six NBA championships are tied for third-most in NBA history with the Chicago Bulls, and behind only the Boston Celtics (17) and Los Angeles Lakers (16).\n" ]

[ "the Oracle Arena in Oakland" ]

[ "Kimberly Jayne \"Kim\" Raver (born October 15, 1969) is an American actress. She is best known for television roles as Kim Zambrano on Third Watch, Audrey Raines on 24 and Teddy Altman on ABC's medical drama Grey's Anatomy." ]

[ "Kimberly Jayne \"Kim\" Raver" ]

[ "Ferris Bueller's Day Off is a 1986 American teen comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by John Hughes, and co-produced by Tom Jacobson. The film stars Matthew Broderick as Ferris Bueller, a high-school slacker who spends a day off from school, with Mia Sara and Alan Ruck. Ferris regularly \"breaks the fourth wall\" to explain techniques and inner thoughts." ]

[ "Matthew Broderick" ]

[ "The perception of loudness is related to sound pressure level (SPL), frequency content and duration of a sound. The human auditory system averages the effects of SPL over a 600–1000 ms interval. A sound of constant SPL will be perceived to increase in loudness as samples of duration 20, 50, 100, 200 ms are heard, up to a duration of about 1 second at which point the perception of loudness will stabilize. For sounds of duration greater than 1 second, the moment-by-moment perception of loudness will be related to the average loudness during the preceding 600–1000 ms.[citation needed]" ]

[ "sound pressure level (SPL)" ]

[ "The theory states that in a pre-existing group of lymphocytes (specifically B cells), a specific antigen only activates (i.e. selection) its counter-specific cell so that particular cell is induced to multiply (producing its clones) for antibody production. This activation occurs in secondary lymphoid organs such as the spleen and the lymph nodes.[4] In short the theory is an explanation of the mechanism for the generation of diversity of antibody specificity.[5] The first experimental evidence came in 1958, when Gustav Nossal and Joshua Lederberg showed that one B cell always produces only one antibody.[6] The idea turned out to be the foundation of molecular immunology, especially in adaptive immunity.[7]" ]

[ "in secondary lymphoid organs such as the spleen and the lymph nodes" ]

[ "\n\nSymbol\nUses\nNotes\n\n\n¤¤\nZzzGeneric currency sign\nUsed when the correct symbol is not available\n\n\nAfg؋\nAfghaniAfghan afghani\n\n\n\nArAr\nAriaryMalagasy ariary[4]\n\n\n\n₿₿\nBitcoinBitcoin\nUnicode: U+20BF ₿ BITCOIN SIGN (May display incorrectly). Before its introduction, the capital letter B with stroke and the baht symbol, among other conventions, were used.\n\n\nB฿\nBahtThai baht\n\n\n\nBZB/.\nBalboaPanamanian balboa\n\n\n\nBrBr\nBirrEthiopian birr\n\nBelarusian ruble\n\n\n\nBsBs.\nBolivianoVenezuelan bolívar\n\nBolivian boliviano\nBolívar sometimes Bs.F.\n\n\nBsFBs.F.\nBolivarVenezuelan bolívar variant\nUsually Bs.\n\n\nC1GH₵\nCediGhana cedi\n\n\n\nc1¢\ncent1cent, centavo, &c.\nA centesimal subdivision of currencies such as the US dollar, the Canadian dollar, and the Mexican peso. (See article.)\n\nSee also c\n\n\nc2c\ncent2cent &c. variant\nPreferred by currencies such as the Australian, New Zealand, South African cents; the West African CFA centime; and the divisions of the euro.\n\nSee also ¢\n\n\nchCh.\nchhertumBhutanese chhertum\nA centesimal division of the ngultrum.\n\n\nC2₡\nColonCosta Rican colón, symbol was also used for the Salvadoran colón.\nThe Salvadoran colón was discontinued in 2001 and it was replaced by the US dollar.\n\n\nC3C$\nCórdobaNicaraguan córdoba\n\n\n\nD1D\nDalasiGambian dalasi\n\n\n\nDOGEÐ\nDogecoinDogecoin\nUses Unicode character U+00D0 Ð LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH, initially intended for usage in certain languages.\n\n\nDenден\nDenarMacedonian denar\nLatin form: DEN\n\n\nDAدج\nDinarAAlgerian dinar\nLatin form: DA\n\n\nDB.د.ب\nDinarBBahraini dinar\nLatin form: BD\n\n\nIDد.ع\nDinarIIraqi dinar\n\n\n\nJDJD\nDinarJJordanian dinar\n\n\n\nDKد.ك\nDinarKKuwaiti dinar\nLatin form: K.D.\n\n\nLDل.د\nDinarLLibyan dinar\nLatin form: LD\n\n\nDinдин\nDinarSSerbian dinar\nLatin form: din.\n\n\nDTد.ت\nDinarTTunisian dinar\nLatin form: DT\n\n\nDMد.م.\nDirhamMMoroccan dirham\nLatin forms: DH or Dhs\n\n\nDHد.إ\nDirhamUUnited Arab Emirates dirham\nLatin forms: DH or Dhs\n\n\nDbDb\nDobraSão Tomé and Príncipe dobra\n\n\n\n S1$\nDollarAustralian (A$), Bahamian (B$), Barbadian (Bds$), Belizean (BZ$), Bermudian (BD$), Brunei (B$), Canadian (Can$), Cayman Islands (CI$), East Caribbean (EC$), Fiji (FJ$), Guyanese (G$),[5] Hong Kong (HK$/元/圓), Jamaican (J$), Kiribati, Liberian (L$), Linden Dollar (Second Life virtual world) (L$ or LD$), Namibian (N$), New Zealand (NZ$), Singaporean (S$), Solomon Islands (SI$), Surinamese (SRD), New Taiwan (NT$/元/圓), Trinidad and Tobago (TT$), Tuvaluan, United States (US$), and Zimbabwean (Z$) dollars\n\nArgentine, Chilean (CLP$), Colombian (COL$), Cuban ($MN), Cuban convertible (CUC$), Dominican (RD$), Mexican (Mex$), and Uruguayan ($U) pesos\nMay appear with either one or two bars (), which share the same Unicode space.\n\nKiribati and Tuvalu's dollars are pegged 1:1 with the Australian dollar.\n\nBrunei's dollar is pegged 1:1 with the Singaporean dollar.\n\nSee also C$ and MOP$ and R$ and T$ and WS$\n\nUnicode: See $ for variants.\n\n\nD2₫\nDongVietnamese đồng\nU+20AB ₫ Dong sign\n\n\nD3\nDramArmenian dram\nU+058F ֏ Armenian Dram sign\n\n\nEscEsc\nEscudoCape Verdean escudo\nAlso the double-barred dollar sign (cifrão): \n\n\nE€\nEuroEuro\nIn addition to the members of the eurozone, the Vatican, San Marino, Monaco and Andorra have been granted issuing rights for coinage but not banknotes.\n\n\nFƒ\nFlorinAruban florin (Afl.)[6]\n\nNetherlands Antillean guilder (NAƒ)\n\n\n\nFtFt\nForintHungarian forint\n\n\n\nFBuFBu\nFranc BBurundian franc\n\n\n\nFCFAFCFA\nFranc CaCentral African CFA franc\nPegged 1:1 with West African CFA franc\n\n\nCFACFA\nFranc WaWest African CFA franc\nPegged 1:1 with Central African CFA franc\n\n\nFrFr\nFranc CoComorian (CF), Congolese (CF, FC), Djiboutian (Fdj/DF), Guinean (FG/GFr) and Swiss (SFr) francs\nAlso F. The character ₣, representing an F with a double bar, proposed as a symbol for the French Franc by Édouard Balladur in 1988 was never adopted, it is represented by a ligature Fr in some fonts.\n\n\nFRwFRw\nFranc RRwandan franc[7]\nPossibly also RF[8] and RFr[9]\n\n\nGG\nGourdeHaitian gourde\n\n\n\ngrgr\ngroszPolish grosz\nA centesimal division of the złoty\n\n\nG/₲\nGuaraniParaguayan guaraní\nOr \n\n\nhh\nhalerCzech haléř\nA centesimal division of the koruna\n\n\nHe₴\nHryvniaUkrainian hryvnia\n\n\n\nK-₭\nKipLao kip\nOr ₭N\n\n\nKcKč\nKorunaCzech koruna\n\n\n\nKrkr\nKroneDanish krone (DKK)\n\nNorwegian krone (NOK)\n\nSwedish krona (SEK)\n\nIcelandic króna (ISK)\n\nFaroese króna\nFaroese króna pegged 1:1 with Danish krone, which is in turn pegged to the Euro through the ERMII.\n\n\nKnkn\nKunaCroatian kuna\n\n\n\nMKMK\nKwacha MMalawian kwacha\n\n\n\nZKZK\nKwacha ZZambian kwacha\n\n\n\nKzKz\nKwanzaAngolan kwanza\n\n\n\nKK\nKyatMyanma kyat\n\nPapua New Guinean kina\n\n\n\nLas\nLariGeorgian lari\nUnicode: U+20BE ₾ Lari sign (may display incorrectly)\n\n\nLL\nLekAlbanian lek\n\nHonduran lempira\nAlso used as the currency symbol for the Lesotho one-loti and the Swazi one-lilangeni note\n\nAlso uncommonly used for the pound sign £\n\n\nLeLe\nLeoneSierra Leonean leone\n\n\n\nLvлв.№\nLevBulgarian lev\n\n\n\nEE\nLilangeniSwazi lilangeni\nSymbol based on the plural form \"emalangeni\".\n\nThe one-lilageni note employs the currency symbol L\n\n\nlplp\nLipaCroatian lipa\nA centesimal division of the kuna.\n\n\nTL\nLiraTurkish lira\nUnicode: U+20BA ₺ Turkish lira sign\n\n\nM1M\nLotiLesotho loti\nSymbol based on plural form \"maloti\".\n\nThe one-loti note employs the currency symbol L\n\n\nM2\nManatAzerbaijani manat\nAlso m. and man. Unicode: U+20BC ₼ MANAT SIGN (may display incorrectly)\n\n\nKMKM\nMarkBosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark\nCyrillic form: КМ\n\n\nMTMT\nMeticalMozambican metical[10]\nAlso MTn\n\n\nm/₥\nmillMill, mil, &.c\nAn uncommon millesimal subdivision of US dollars and other currencies. (See article.)\n\n\nNfkNfk\nNakfaEritrean nakfa\nAlso Nfa[11]\n\n\nN₦\nNairaNigerian naira\n\n\n\nNuNu.\nNgultrumBhutanese ngultrum\n\n\n\nUMUM\nOuguiyaMauritanian ouguiya[12]\n\n\n\nPaT$\nPaangaTongan paʻanga\n\n\n\nMOPSMOP$\nPatacaMacanese pataca\nAlso 圓 and 元\n\n\nP2₱\nPesoPhilippine peso\nAlso ₱, PHP, and P\n\n\nptPt.\npiastreEgyptian piastre\nA centesimal division of the Egyptian pound.\n\n\nL-£\nPound BBritish, Falkland Islands (FK£), Gibraltar, Manx (M£), St. Helena\nAlso ₤ and L, all pegged 1:1 to GBP\n\n\nGME£\nPound EEgyptian pound\nAlso L.E. (short for French livre égyptienne), and ج.م. in Arabic.\n\n\nLLLL\nPound LLebanese pound\n\n\n\nLSLS\nPound SSyrian pound\n\n\n\nP1P\nPulaBotswana pula\n\n\n\nQQ\nQuetzalGuatemalan quetzal\n\n\n\nqq\nqindarkeAlbanian qindarkë\nA centesimal division of the lek.\n\n\nR1R\nRandSouth African rand\nAlso sometimes Russian &c. rubles\n\n\nRSR$\nRealBrazilian real\nThe $ is sometimes written with a double bar like a double-barred dollar sign: \n\n\nRial \nRial IIranian rial\nUnicode: U+FDFC ﷼ RIAL SIGN\n\n\nROر.ع.\nRial OOmani rial\n\n\n\nRKر.ق\nRial QQatari riyal\nLatin: QR\n\n\nRSر.س\nRiyal SSaudi riyal\nLatin: SR. Also: ریال\n\n\nر.ي\nYemeni rial\n\n\n\nRiel៛\nRielCambodian riel\n\n\n\nRMRM\nRinggitMalaysian ringgit\n\n\n\nR2p\nBritish &c. pennies\nThe penny is now a centesimal division of the pound.\n\n\n\nRuble TPridnestrovie ruble\n\n\n\nR3₽\nRuble RRussian ruble\nUnicode: U+20BD ₽ ruble sign\n\n\nRfRf.\nRufiyaaMaldivian rufiyaa\nAlso MRf., MVR and .ރ\n\n\n₹\nRupee IIndian rupee\nPreviously ₨ or Re (before 15 July 2010). Unicode: U+20B9 ₹ INDIAN RUPEE SIGN\n\n\nRs₨\nRupee PMauritian,[13] Nepalese[14] (N₨/रू.), Pakistani and Sri Lankan (SLRs/රු) rupees\n\n\n\nSReSRe\nRupee SSeychellois rupee[15]\nAlso SR\n\n\nRpRp\nRupiahIndonesian rupiah\n\n\n\nSh₪\nShekelIsraeli new shekel\n\n\n\nTshTsh\nShilling TTanzanian shilling\nAlso TSh\n\n\nKshKsh\nShilling KKenyan shilling\nAlso KSh\n\n\nShsoSh.So.\nShilling SSomali shilling[16]\n\n\n\nUshUSh\nShilling UUgandan shilling\n\n\n\nSS/\nSolPeruvian sol\n\n\n\nSDRSDR\nSpecialSpecial drawing rights\n\n\n\nsom, сом\nsomKyrgyzstani som\n: Early 2017 the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic approved an underlined C as new currency symbol[17].\n\n\nTk৳\nTakaBangladeshi Taka\nAlso Tk\n\n\nWSSWS$\nTalaSamoan tālā\nSymbol based on previous name \"West Samoan tala\".\n\nAlso T and ST.\n\nSee also $\n\n\nT\nTengeKazakhstani tenge\nU+20B8 ₸ Tenge sign (may display incorrectly)\n\n\nT//₮\nTogrogMongolian tögrög\n\n\n\nVtVT\nVatuVanuatu vatu[18]\n\n\n\nW₩\nWonNorth Korean won\n\nSouth Korean won\n\n\nY¥\nYuanJapanese yen (円/圓)\n\nChinese Renminbi yuan (元/圆)\nUsed with one and two crossbars.\n円 (en, lit. \"circle\") is frequently used in Japan colloquially.\n元 is also used in reference to the Macanese pataca and Hong Kong and Taiwanese dollars.\nUnicode: U+00A5 ¥ YEN SIGN, U+FFE5 ￥ FULLWIDTH YEN SIGN\n\n\nZlzł\nZlotyPolish złoty\n\n\n", "\n\nSymbol\nUses\nNotes\n\n\n¤¤\nZzzGeneric currency sign\nUsed when the correct symbol is not available\n\n\nAfg؋\nAfghaniAfghan afghani\n\n\n\nArAr\nAriaryMalagasy ariary[4]\n\n\n\n₿₿\nBitcoinBitcoin\nUnicode: U+20BF ₿ BITCOIN SIGN (May display incorrectly). Before its introduction, the capital letter B with stroke and the baht symbol, among other conventions, were used.\n\n\nB฿\nBahtThai baht\n\n\n\nBZB/.\nBalboaPanamanian balboa\n\n\n\nBrBr\nBirrEthiopian birr\n\nBelarusian ruble\n\n\n\nBsBs.\nBolivianoVenezuelan bolívar\n\nBolivian boliviano\nBolívar sometimes Bs.F.\n\n\nBsFBs.F.\nBolivarVenezuelan bolívar variant\nUsually Bs.\n\n\nC1GH₵\nCediGhana cedi\n\n\n\nc1¢\ncent1cent, centavo, &c.\nA centesimal subdivision of currencies such as the US dollar, the Canadian dollar, and the Mexican peso. (See article.)\n\nSee also c\n\n\nc2c\ncent2cent &c. variant\nPreferred by currencies such as the Australian, New Zealand, South African cents; the West African CFA centime; and the divisions of the euro.\n\nSee also ¢\n\n\nchCh.\nchhertumBhutanese chhertum\nA centesimal division of the ngultrum.\n\n\nC2₡\nColonCosta Rican colón, symbol was also used for the Salvadoran colón.\nThe Salvadoran colón was discontinued in 2001 and it was replaced by the US dollar.\n\n\nC3C$\nCórdobaNicaraguan córdoba\n\n\n\nD1D\nDalasiGambian dalasi\n\n\n\nDOGEÐ\nDogecoinDogecoin\nUses Unicode character U+00D0 Ð LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH, initially intended for usage in certain languages.\n\n\nDenден\nDenarMacedonian denar\nLatin form: DEN\n\n\nDAدج\nDinarAAlgerian dinar\nLatin form: DA\n\n\nDB.د.ب\nDinarBBahraini dinar\nLatin form: BD\n\n\nIDد.ع\nDinarIIraqi dinar\n\n\n\nJDJD\nDinarJJordanian dinar\n\n\n\nDKد.ك\nDinarKKuwaiti dinar\nLatin form: K.D.\n\n\nLDل.د\nDinarLLibyan dinar\nLatin form: LD\n\n\nDinдин\nDinarSSerbian dinar\nLatin form: din.\n\n\nDTد.ت\nDinarTTunisian dinar\nLatin form: DT\n\n\nDMد.م.\nDirhamMMoroccan dirham\nLatin forms: DH or Dhs\n\n\nDHد.إ\nDirhamUUnited Arab Emirates dirham\nLatin forms: DH or Dhs\n\n\nDbDb\nDobraSão Tomé and Príncipe dobra\n\n\n\n S1$\nDollarAustralian (A$), Bahamian (B$), Barbadian (Bds$), Belizean (BZ$), Bermudian (BD$), Brunei (B$), Canadian (Can$), Cayman Islands (CI$), East Caribbean (EC$), Fiji (FJ$), Guyanese (G$),[5] Hong Kong (HK$/元/圓), Jamaican (J$), Kiribati, Liberian (L$), Linden Dollar (Second Life virtual world) (L$ or LD$), Namibian (N$), New Zealand (NZ$), Singaporean (S$), Solomon Islands (SI$), Surinamese (SRD), New Taiwan (NT$/元/圓), Trinidad and Tobago (TT$), Tuvaluan, United States (US$), and Zimbabwean (Z$) dollars\n\nArgentine, Chilean (CLP$), Colombian (COL$), Cuban ($MN), Cuban convertible (CUC$), Dominican (RD$), Mexican (Mex$), and Uruguayan ($U) pesos\nMay appear with either one or two bars (), which share the same Unicode space.\n\nKiribati and Tuvalu's dollars are pegged 1:1 with the Australian dollar.\n\nBrunei's dollar is pegged 1:1 with the Singaporean dollar.\n\nSee also C$ and MOP$ and R$ and T$ and WS$\n\nUnicode: See $ for variants.\n\n\nD2₫\nDongVietnamese đồng\nU+20AB ₫ Dong sign\n\n\nD3\nDramArmenian dram\nU+058F ֏ Armenian Dram sign\n\n\nEscEsc\nEscudoCape Verdean escudo\nAlso the double-barred dollar sign (cifrão): \n\n\nE€\nEuroEuro\nIn addition to the members of the eurozone, the Vatican, San Marino, Monaco and Andorra have been granted issuing rights for coinage but not banknotes.\n\n\nFƒ\nFlorinAruban florin (Afl.)[6]\n\nNetherlands Antillean guilder (NAƒ)\n\n\n\nFtFt\nForintHungarian forint\n\n\n\nFBuFBu\nFranc BBurundian franc\n\n\n\nFCFAFCFA\nFranc CaCentral African CFA franc\nPegged 1:1 with West African CFA franc\n\n\nCFACFA\nFranc WaWest African CFA franc\nPegged 1:1 with Central African CFA franc\n\n\nFrFr\nFranc CoComorian (CF), Congolese (CF, FC), Djiboutian (Fdj/DF), Guinean (FG/GFr) and Swiss (SFr) francs\nAlso F. The character ₣, representing an F with a double bar, proposed as a symbol for the French Franc by Édouard Balladur in 1988 was never adopted, it is represented by a ligature Fr in some fonts.\n\n\nFRwFRw\nFranc RRwandan franc[7]\nPossibly also RF[8] and RFr[9]\n\n\nGG\nGourdeHaitian gourde\n\n\n\ngrgr\ngroszPolish grosz\nA centesimal division of the złoty\n\n\nG/₲\nGuaraniParaguayan guaraní\nOr \n\n\nhh\nhalerCzech haléř\nA centesimal division of the koruna\n\n\nHe₴\nHryvniaUkrainian hryvnia\n\n\n\nK-₭\nKipLao kip\nOr ₭N\n\n\nKcKč\nKorunaCzech koruna\n\n\n\nKrkr\nKroneDanish krone (DKK)\n\nNorwegian krone (NOK)\n\nSwedish krona (SEK)\n\nIcelandic króna (ISK)\n\nFaroese króna\nFaroese króna pegged 1:1 with Danish krone, which is in turn pegged to the Euro through the ERMII.\n\n\nKnkn\nKunaCroatian kuna\n\n\n\nMKMK\nKwacha MMalawian kwacha\n\n\n\nZKZK\nKwacha ZZambian kwacha\n\n\n\nKzKz\nKwanzaAngolan kwanza\n\n\n\nKK\nKyatMyanma kyat\n\nPapua New Guinean kina\n\n\n\nLas\nLariGeorgian lari\nUnicode: U+20BE ₾ Lari sign (may display incorrectly)\n\n\nLL\nLekAlbanian lek\n\nHonduran lempira\nAlso used as the currency symbol for the Lesotho one-loti and the Swazi one-lilangeni note\n\nAlso uncommonly used for the pound sign £\n\n\nLeLe\nLeoneSierra Leonean leone\n\n\n\nLvлв.№\nLevBulgarian lev\n\n\n\nEE\nLilangeniSwazi lilangeni\nSymbol based on the plural form \"emalangeni\".\n\nThe one-lilageni note employs the currency symbol L\n\n\nlplp\nLipaCroatian lipa\nA centesimal division of the kuna.\n\n\nTL\nLiraTurkish lira\nUnicode: U+20BA ₺ Turkish lira sign\n\n\nM1M\nLotiLesotho loti\nSymbol based on plural form \"maloti\".\n\nThe one-loti note employs the currency symbol L\n\n\nM2\nManatAzerbaijani manat\nAlso m. and man. Unicode: U+20BC ₼ MANAT SIGN (may display incorrectly)\n\n\nKMKM\nMarkBosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark\nCyrillic form: КМ\n\n\nMTMT\nMeticalMozambican metical[10]\nAlso MTn\n\n\nm/₥\nmillMill, mil, &.c\nAn uncommon millesimal subdivision of US dollars and other currencies. (See article.)\n\n\nNfkNfk\nNakfaEritrean nakfa\nAlso Nfa[11]\n\n\nN₦\nNairaNigerian naira\n\n\n\nNuNu.\nNgultrumBhutanese ngultrum\n\n\n\nUMUM\nOuguiyaMauritanian ouguiya[12]\n\n\n\nPaT$\nPaangaTongan paʻanga\n\n\n\nMOPSMOP$\nPatacaMacanese pataca\nAlso 圓 and 元\n\n\nP2₱\nPesoPhilippine peso\nAlso ₱, PHP, and P\n\n\nptPt.\npiastreEgyptian piastre\nA centesimal division of the Egyptian pound.\n\n\nL-£\nPound BBritish, Falkland Islands (FK£), Gibraltar, Manx (M£), St. Helena\nAlso ₤ and L, all pegged 1:1 to GBP\n\n\nGME£\nPound EEgyptian pound\nAlso L.E. (short for French livre égyptienne), and ج.م. in Arabic.\n\n\nLLLL\nPound LLebanese pound\n\n\n\nLSLS\nPound SSyrian pound\n\n\n\nP1P\nPulaBotswana pula\n\n\n\nQQ\nQuetzalGuatemalan quetzal\n\n\n\nqq\nqindarkeAlbanian qindarkë\nA centesimal division of the lek.\n\n\nR1R\nRandSouth African rand\nAlso sometimes Russian &c. rubles\n\n\nRSR$\nRealBrazilian real\nThe $ is sometimes written with a double bar like a double-barred dollar sign: \n\n\nRial \nRial IIranian rial\nUnicode: U+FDFC ﷼ RIAL SIGN\n\n\nROر.ع.\nRial OOmani rial\n\n\n\nRKر.ق\nRial QQatari riyal\nLatin: QR\n\n\nRSر.س\nRiyal SSaudi riyal\nLatin: SR. Also: ریال\n\n\nر.ي\nYemeni rial\n\n\n\nRiel៛\nRielCambodian riel\n\n\n\nRMRM\nRinggitMalaysian ringgit\n\n\n\nR2p\nBritish &c. pennies\nThe penny is now a centesimal division of the pound.\n\n\n\nRuble TPridnestrovie ruble\n\n\n\nR3₽\nRuble RRussian ruble\nUnicode: U+20BD ₽ ruble sign\n\n\nRfRf.\nRufiyaaMaldivian rufiyaa\nAlso MRf., MVR and .ރ\n\n\n₹\nRupee IIndian rupee\nPreviously ₨ or Re (before 15 July 2010). Unicode: U+20B9 ₹ INDIAN RUPEE SIGN\n\n\nRs₨\nRupee PMauritian,[13] Nepalese[14] (N₨/रू.), Pakistani and Sri Lankan (SLRs/රු) rupees\n\n\n\nSReSRe\nRupee SSeychellois rupee[15]\nAlso SR\n\n\nRpRp\nRupiahIndonesian rupiah\n\n\n\nSh₪\nShekelIsraeli new shekel\n\n\n\nTshTsh\nShilling TTanzanian shilling\nAlso TSh\n\n\nKshKsh\nShilling KKenyan shilling\nAlso KSh\n\n\nShsoSh.So.\nShilling SSomali shilling[16]\n\n\n\nUshUSh\nShilling UUgandan shilling\n\n\n\nSS/\nSolPeruvian sol\n\n\n\nSDRSDR\nSpecialSpecial drawing rights\n\n\n\nsom, сом\nsomKyrgyzstani som\n: Early 2017 the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic approved an underlined C as new currency symbol[17].\n\n\nTk৳\nTakaBangladeshi Taka\nAlso Tk\n\n\nWSSWS$\nTalaSamoan tālā\nSymbol based on previous name \"West Samoan tala\".\n\nAlso T and ST.\n\nSee also $\n\n\nT\nTengeKazakhstani tenge\nU+20B8 ₸ Tenge sign (may display incorrectly)\n\n\nT//₮\nTogrogMongolian tögrög\n\n\n\nVtVT\nVatuVanuatu vatu[18]\n\n\n\nW₩\nWonNorth Korean won\n\nSouth Korean won\n\n\nY¥\nYuanJapanese yen (円/圓)\n\nChinese Renminbi yuan (元/圆)\nUsed with one and two crossbars.\n円 (en, lit. \"circle\") is frequently used in Japan colloquially.\n元 is also used in reference to the Macanese pataca and Hong Kong and Taiwanese dollars.\nUnicode: U+00A5 ¥ YEN SIGN, U+FFE5 ￥ FULLWIDTH YEN SIGN\n\n\nZlzł\nZlotyPolish złoty\n\n\n" ]

[ "Costa Rican colón", "Salvadoran colón" ]

[ "With the defeat of its army and the fall of its capital, Mexico entered into negotiations to end the war. The treaty called for the U.S. to pay US$15 million to Mexico and to pay off the claims of American citizens against Mexico up to US$5 million. It gave the United States the Rio Grande as a boundary for Texas, and gave the U.S. ownership of California and a large area comprising roughly half of New Mexico, most of Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. Mexicans in those annexed areas had the choice of relocating to within Mexico's new boundaries or receiving American citizenship with full civil rights." ]

[ "California" ]

[ "Anna Paquin as Marie/Rogue" ]

[ "Anna Paquin" ]

[ "In addition to movements related to available shelter and food, the breeding cycle is important in understanding deer behavior. The \"rut\" or mating season usually begins in the fall as does go into estrus for a period of a few days and males become more aggressive, competing for mates. Does may mate with more than one buck and go back into estrus within a month if they did not become pregnant. The gestation period is about 190–200 days, with fawns born in the spring, staying with their mothers during the summer and being weaned in the fall after about 60–75 days. Mule deer females usually give birth to two fawns, although if it is their first time having a fawn, they often have just one.[13]" ]

[ "in the spring" ]

[ "\n\nYear\nImage\nName\nInducted members\n\n\n1986\n\nBerry, ChuckChuck Berry\n\n\n\n1986\n\nBrown, JamesJames Brown\n\n\n\n1986\n\nCharles, RayRay Charles\n\n\n\n1986\n\nCooke, SamSam Cooke\n\n\n\n1986\n\nDomino, FatsFats Domino\n\n\n\n1986\n\nEverly Brothers !The Everly Brothers\nDon Everly and Phil Everly.[10]\n\n\n1986\n\nHolly, BuddyBuddy Holly\n\n\n\n1986\n\nLewis, Jerry LeeJerry Lee Lewis\n\n\n\n1986\n\nLittle Richard\n\n\n\n1986\n\nPresley, ElvisElvis Presley\n\n\n\n1987\n\nCoasters !The Coasters\nCarl Gardner, Cornell Gunter, Billy Guy, and Will \"Dub\" Jones.[11]\n\n\n1987\n\nCochran, EddieEddie Cochran\n\n\n\n1987\n\nDiddley, BoBo Diddley\n\n\n\n1987\n\nFranklin, ArethaAretha Franklin\n\n\n\n1987\n\nGaye, MarvinMarvin Gaye\n\n\n\n1987\n\nHaley, BillBill Haley\n\n\n\n1987\n\nKing, B.B.B.B. King\n\n\n\n1987\n\nMcPhatter, ClydeClyde McPhatter\n\n\n\n1987\n\nNelson, RickyRicky Nelson\n\n\n\n1987\n\nOrbison, RoyRoy Orbison\n\n\n\n1987\n\nPerkins, CarlCarl Perkins\n\n\n\n1987\n\nRobinson, SmokeySmokey Robinson\n\n\n\n1987\n\nTurner, Big JoeBig Joe Turner\n\n\n\n1987\n\nWaters, MuddyMuddy Waters\n\n\n\n1987\n\nWilson, JackieJackie Wilson\n\n\n\n1988\n\nBeach Boys !The Beach Boys\nAl Jardine, Mike Love, Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, and Dennis Wilson.[12]\n\n\n1988\n\nBeatles !The Beatles\nGeorge Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr.[13]\n\n\n1988\n\nDrifters !The Drifters\nBen E. King, Rudy Lewis, Clyde McPhatter, Johnny Moore, Bill Pinkney, Charlie Thomas, and Gerhart Thrasher.[14]\n\n\n1988\n\nDylan, BobBob Dylan\n\n\n\n1988\n\nSupremes !The Supremes\nFlorence Ballard, Diana Ross, and Mary Wilson.[15]\n\n\n1989\n\nDion !Dion\n\n\n\n1989\n\nRedding, OtisOtis Redding\n\n\n\n1989\n\nRolling Stones !The Rolling Stones\nMick Jagger, Brian Jones, Keith Richards, Ian Stewart, Mick Taylor, Charlie Watts, Ronnie Wood, and Bill Wyman.[16]\n\n\n1989\n\nTemptations !The Temptations\nMelvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, David Ruffin, Otis Williams, Paul Williams, Dennis Edwards.[17]\n\n\n1989\n\nWonder, StevieStevie Wonder\n\n\n\n1990\n—\nBallard, HankHank Ballard\n\n\n\n1990\n\nDarin, BobbyBobby Darin\n\n\n\n1990\n\nFour Seasons !The Four Seasons\nTom DeVito, Bob Gaudio, Nick Massi, and Frankie Valli.[18]\n\n\n1990\n\nFour Tops !Four Tops\nRenaldo \"Obie\" Benson, Abdul \"Duke\" Fakir, Lawrence Payton, and Levi Stubbs.[19]\n\n\n1990\n\nKinks !The Kinks\nMick Avory, Dave Davies, Ray Davies, and Pete Quaife.[20]\n\n\n1990\n\nPlatters !The Platters\nDavid Lynch, Herb Reed, Paul Robi, Zola Taylor, and Tony Williams.[21]\n\n\n1990\n\nSimon & Garfunkel\nPaul Simon and Art Garfunkel.[22]\n\n\n1990\n\nWho !The Who\nRoger Daltrey, John Entwistle, Keith Moon, and Pete Townshend.[23]\n\n\n1991\n\nBaker, LaVernLaVern Baker\n\n\n\n1991\n\nByrds !The Byrds\nGene Clark, Michael Clarke, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Roger McGuinn.[24]\n\n\n1991\n\nHooker, John LeeJohn Lee Hooker\n\n\n\n1991\n—\nImpressions !The Impressions\nCurtis Mayfield, Sam Gooden, Fred Cash, Arthur Brooks, Richard Brooks, and Jerry Butler.[25]\n\n\n1991\n\nPickett, WilsonWilson Pickett\n\n\n\n1991\n\nReed, JimmyJimmy Reed\n\n\n\n1991\n\nTurner, Ike & TinaIke & Tina Turner\nIke Turner and Tina Turner.[26]\n\n\n1992\n\nBland, Bobby !Bobby \"Blue\" Bland\n\n\n\n1992\n\nBooker T. & the M.G.'s\nBooker T. Jones, Steve Cropper, Donald \"Duck\" Dunn, Al Jackson Jr., and Lewie Steinberg.[27]\n\n\n1992\n\nCash, JohnnyJohnny Cash\n\n\n\n1992\n\nIsley Brothers !The Isley Brothers\nErnie Isley, Marvin Isley, O'Kelly Isley Jr., Ronald Isley, Rudolph Isley, and Chris Jasper.[28]\n\n\n1992\n\nHendrix Experience, The JimiThe Jimi Hendrix Experience\nJimi Hendrix, Mitch Mitchell, and Noel Redding.[29]\n\n\n1992\n\nSam & Dave\nSam Moore and Dave Prater.[30]\n\n\n1992\n\nYardbirds !The Yardbirds\nJeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Chris Dreja, Jim McCarty, Jimmy Page, Keith Relf, and Paul Samwell-Smith.[31]\n\n\n1993\n\nBrown, RuthRuth Brown\n\n\n\n1993\n\nCream\nGinger Baker, Jack Bruce, and Eric Clapton.[32]\n\n\n1993\n\nCreedence Clearwater Revival\nDoug Clifford, Stu Cook, John Fogerty, and Tom Fogerty.[33]\n\n\n1993\n\nDoors !The Doors\nJohn Densmore, Robby Krieger, Ray Manzarek, and Jim Morrison.[34]\n\n\n1993\n\nLymon & The Teenagers, FrankieFrankie Lymon & The Teenagers\nHerman Santiago, Jimmy Merchant, Sherman Garnes, Frankie Lymon, and Joe Negroni[35]\n\n\n1993\n\nJames, EttaEtta James\n\n\n\n1993\n\nMorrison, VanVan Morrison\n\n\n\n1993\n\nSly and the Family Stone\nGregg Errico, Larry Graham, Jerry Martini, Cynthia Robinson, Freddie Stone, Rosie Stone, and Sly Stone.[36]\n\n\n1994\n\nAnimals !The Animals\nEric Burdon, Chas Chandler, Alan Price, John Steel, and Hilton Valentine.[37]\n\n\n1994\n\nBand !The Band\nRick Danko, Levon Helm, Garth Hudson, Richard Manuel, and Robbie Robertson.[38]\n\n\n1994\n\nEddy, DuaneDuane Eddy\n\n\n\n1994\n\nGrateful Dead\nTom Constanten, Jerry Garcia, Donna Jean Godchaux, Keith Godchaux, Mickey Hart, Robert Hunter, Bill Kreutzmann, Phil Lesh, Ron McKernan, Brent Mydland, Bob Weir, and Vince Welnick.[39]\n\n\n1994\n\nJohn, EltonElton John\n\n\n\n1994\n\nLennon, JohnJohn Lennon\n\n\n\n1994\n\nMarley, BobBob Marley\n\n\n\n1994\n\nStewart, RodRod Stewart\n\n\n\n1995\n\nAllman Brothers Band !The Allman Brothers Band\nDuane Allman, Gregg Allman, Dickey Betts, Jai Johanny Johanson, Berry Oakley, and Butch Trucks.[40]\n\n\n1995\n\nGreen, AlAl Green\n\n\n\n1995\n\nJoplin, JanisJanis Joplin\n\n\n\n1995\n\nLed Zeppelin\nJohn Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, and Robert Plant[41]\n\n\n1995\n\nMartha and the Vandellas\nRosalind Ashford, Annette Beard, Betty Kelly, Lois Reeves, Martha Reeves, and Sandra Tilley.[42]\n\n\n1995\n\n\n\nYoung, NeilNeil Young\n\n\n\n1995\n\nZappa, FrankFrank Zappa\n\n\n\n1996\n\nBowie, DavidDavid Bowie\n\n\n\n1996\n\nKnight & the Pips, GladysGladys Knight & the Pips\nWilliam Guest, Gladys Knight, Merald \"Bubba\" Knight, and Edward Patten.[43]\n\n\n1996\n\nJefferson Airplane\nMarty Balin, Jack Casady, Spencer Dryden, Paul Kantner, Jorma Kaukonen, and Grace Slick.[44]\n\n\n1996\n\nLittle Willie John\n\n\n\n1996\n\nPink Floyd\nSyd Barrett, David Gilmour, Nick Mason, Roger Waters, and Rick Wright.[45]\n\n\n1996\n\nShirelles !The Shirelles\nShirley Alston Reeves, Addie Harris, Doris Kenner-Jackson, and Beverly Lee.[46]\n\n\n1996\n\nVelvet Underground !The Velvet Underground\nJohn Cale, Sterling Morrison, Lou Reed, and Maureen Tucker.[47]\n\n\n1997\n\nBee Gees\nBarry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, and Robin Gibb.[48]\n\n\n1997\n\nBuffalo Springfield\nRichie Furay, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Stephen Stills, and Neil Young.[49]\n\n\n1997\n\nCrosby, Stills & Nash\nDavid Crosby, Graham Nash, and Stephen Stills.[50]\n\n\n1997\n\nJackson 5, TheThe Jackson 5\nJackie Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Michael Jackson, and Tito Jackson.[51]\n\n\n1997\n\nMitchell, JoniJoni Mitchell\n\n\n\n1997\n\nParliament-Funkadelic\nJerome Brailey, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins, Raymond Davis, Tiki Fulwood, Glenn Goins, Michael Hampton, Fuzzy Haskins, Eddie Hazel, Walter Morrison, Cordell Mosson, William \"Billy Bass\" Nelson, Garry Shider, Calvin Simon, Grady Thomas, and Bernie Worrell.[52]\n\n\n1997\n\nRascals !The (Young) Rascals\nEddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere, Gene Cornish, and Dino Danelli.[53]\n\n\n1998\n\nEagles\nDon Felder, Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, Randy Meisner, Timothy B. Schmit, and Joe Walsh.[54]\n\n\n1998\n\nFleetwood Mac\nLindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, Peter Green, Danny Kirwan, Christine McVie, John McVie, Stevie Nicks, and Jeremy Spencer.[55]\n\n\n1998\n\nMamas & The Papas !The Mamas & the Papas\nDenny Doherty, Cass Elliot, John Phillips, and Michelle Phillips.[56]\n\n\n1998\n\nPrice, LloydLloyd Price\n\n\n\n1998\n\nSantana\nJose Chepito Areas, David Brown, Michael Carabello, Gregg Rolie, Carlos Santana, and Michael Shrieve.[57]\n\n\n1998\n\nVincent, GeneGene Vincent\n\n\n\n1999\n\nJoel, BillyBilly Joel\n\n\n\n1999\n\nMayfield, CurtisCurtis Mayfield\n\n\n\n1999\n\nMcCartney, PaulPaul McCartney\n\n\n\n1999\n\nShannon, DelDel Shannon\n\n\n\n1999\n\nSpringfield, DustyDusty Springfield\n\n\n\n1999\n\nSpringsteen, BruceBruce Springsteen\n\n\n\n1999\n\nStaple Singers, TheThe Staple Singers\nCleotha Staples, Mavis Staples, Pervis Staples, Pops Staples, and Yvonne Staples.[58]\n\n\n2000\n\nClapton, EricEric Clapton\n\n\n\n2000\n\nEarth, Wind & Fire\nPhilip Bailey, Larry Dunn, Johnny Graham, Ralph Johnson, Al McKay, Fred White, Maurice White, Verdine White, and Andrew Woolfolk.[59]\n\n\n2000\n\nLovin' Spoonful, TheThe Lovin' Spoonful\nSteve Boone, Joe Butler, John Sebastian, and Zal Yanovsky.[59]\n\n\n2000\n\nMoonglows, TheThe Moonglows\nPrentiss Barnes, Harvey Fuqua, Peter Graves, Billy Johnson, and Bobby Lester.[59]\n\n\n2000\n\nRaitt, BonnieBonnie Raitt\n\n\n\n2000\n\nTaylor, JamesJames Taylor\n\n\n\n2001\n\nAerosmith\nTom Hamilton, Joey Kramer, Joe Perry, Steven Tyler, and Brad Whitford.[60]\n\n\n2001\n\nBurke, SolomonSolomon Burke\n\n\n\n2001\n\nFlamingos, TheThe Flamingos\nJake Carey, Zeke Carey, Johnny Carter, Tommy Hunt, Terry \"Buzzy\" Johnson, Sollie McElroy, Nate Nelson, and Paul Wilson.[61]\n\n\n2001\n\nJackson, MichaelMichael Jackson\n\n\n\n2001\n\nQueen\nJohn Deacon, Brian May, Freddie Mercury, and Roger Taylor.[62]\n\n\n2001\n\nSimon, PaulPaul Simon\n\n\n\n2001\n\nSteely Dan\nWalter Becker and Donald Fagen.[63]\n\n\n2001\n\nValens, RitchieRitchie Valens\n\n\n\n2002\n\nHayes, IsaacIsaac Hayes\n\n\n\n2002\n\nLee, BrendaBrenda Lee\n\n\n\n2002\n\nPetty and the Heartbreakers, TomTom Petty and the Heartbreakers\nTom Petty, Ron Blair, Mike Campbell, Howie Epstein, Stan Lynch, and Benmont Tench.[64]\n\n\n2002\n\nPitney, GeneGene Pitney\n\n\n\n2002\n\nRamones\nDee Dee Ramone, Joey Ramone, Johnny Ramone, Marky Ramone, and Tommy Ramone.[65]\n\n\n2002\n\nTalking Heads\nDavid Byrne, Chris Frantz, Jerry Harrison, and Tina Weymouth.[66]\n\n\n2003\n\nAC/DC\nBrian Johnson, Phil Rudd, Bon Scott, Cliff Williams, Angus Young, and Malcolm Young.[67]\n\n\n2003\n\nClash, TheThe Clash\nTerry Chimes, Topper Headon, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon, and Joe Strummer.[68]\n\n\n2003\n\nCostello & the Attractions, ElvisElvis Costello & the Attractions\nElvis Costello, Steve Nieve, Bruce Thomas, and Pete Thomas.[69]\n\n\n2003\n\nPolice, TheThe Police\nStewart Copeland, Sting, and Andy Summers.[70]\n\n\n2003\n\nRighteous Brothers, TheThe Righteous Brothers\nBobby Hatfield and Bill Medley.[71]\n\n\n2004\n\nBrowne, JacksonJackson Browne\n\n\n\n2004\n\nDells, TheThe Dells\nVerne Allison, Chuck Barksdale, Johnny Carter, Johnny Funches, Marvin Junior, and Michael McGill.[72]\n\n\n2004\n\nHarrison, GeorgeGeorge Harrison\n\n\n\n2004\n\nPrince\n\n\n\n2004\n\nSeger, BobBob Seger\n\n\n\n2004\n\nTraffic\nJim Capaldi, Dave Mason, Steve Winwood, and Chris Wood.[73]\n\n\n2004\n\nZZ Top\nFrank Beard, Billy Gibbons, and Dusty Hill.[74]\n\n\n2005\n\nGuy, BuddyBuddy Guy\n\n\n\n2005\n\nO'Jays, TheThe O'Jays\nEddie Levert, Bobby Massey, William Powell, Sammy Strain, and Walter Williams.[75]\n\n\n2005\n\nPretenders\nMartin Chambers, Pete Farndon, James Honeyman-Scott, and Chrissie Hynde.[76]\n\n\n2005\n\nSledge, PercyPercy Sledge\n\n\n\n2005\n\nU2\nBono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, and Larry Mullen, Jr..[77]\n\n\n2006\n\nBlack Sabbath\nGeezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, and Bill Ward.[78]\n\n\n2006\n\nBlondie\nClem Burke, Jimmy Destri, Nigel Harrison, Debbie Harry, Frank Infante, Chris Stein, and Gary Valentine.[79]\n\n\n2006\n\nDavis, MilesMiles Davis\n\n\n\n2006\n\nLynyrd Skynyrd\nBob Burns, Allen Collins, Steve Gaines, Ed King, Billy Powell, Artimus Pyle, Gary Rossington, Ronnie Van Zant, and Leon Wilkeson.[80]\n\n\n2006\n\nSex Pistols\nPaul Cook, Steve Jones, Glen Matlock, John Lydon, and Sid Vicious.[81]\n\n\n2007\n\nGrandmaster Flash and The Furious Five\nMelvin \"Melle Mel\" Glover, Nathaniel \"The Kidd Creole\" Glover, Eddie \"Scorpio\" Morris, Joseph \"Grandmaster Flash\" Sadler, Robert Keith \"Keef Cowboy\" Wiggins, and Guy Todd \"Rahiem\" Williams.[82]\n\n\n2007\n\nR.E.M.\nBill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe.[83]\n\n\n2007\n\nRonettes, TheThe Ronettes\nEstelle Bennett, Ronnie Spector, and Nedra Talley.[84]\n\n\n2007\n\nSmith, PattiPatti Smith\n\n\n\n2007\n\nVan Halen\nMichael Anthony, Sammy Hagar, David Lee Roth, Alex Van Halen, and Eddie Van Halen.[85]\n\n\n2008\n\nClark Five, The DaveThe Dave Clark Five\nDave Clark, Lenny Davidson, Rick Huxley, Denis Payton, and Mike Smith.[86]\n\n\n2008\n\nCohen, LeonardLeonard Cohen\n\n\n\n2008\n\nMadonna\n\n\n\n2008\n\nMellencamp, JohnJohn Mellencamp\n\n\n\n2008\n\nVentures, TheThe Ventures\nBob Bogle, Nokie Edwards, Gerry McGee, Mel Taylor, and Don Wilson.[87]\n\n\n2009\n\nBeck, JeffJeff Beck\n\n\n\n2009\n\nLittle Anthony and the Imperials\nClarence Collins, Anthony Gourdine, Tracy Lord, Glouster \"Nat\" Rogers, Sammy Strain, and Ernest Wright Jr.[88]\n\n\n2009\n\nMetallica\nCliff Burton, Kirk Hammett, James Hetfield, Jason Newsted, Robert Trujillo, and Lars Ulrich.[89]\n\n\n2009\n\nRun–D.M.C.\nDarryl \"D.M.C.\" McDaniels, Jason \"Jam-Master Jay\" Mizell, and Joseph \"DJ Run\" Simmons.[90]\n\n\n2009\n\nWomack, BobbyBobby Womack\n\n\n\n2010\n\nABBA\nBenny Andersson, Agnetha Fältskog, Anni-Frid Lyngstad, and Björn Ulvaeus.[91]\n\n\n2010\n\nGenesis\nTony Banks, Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Steve Hackett, and Mike Rutherford.[92]\n\n\n2010\n\nCliff, JimmyJimmy Cliff\n\n\n\n2010\n\nHollies, TheThe Hollies\nBernie Calvert, Allan Clarke, Bobby Elliott, Eric Haydock, Tony Hicks, Graham Nash, and Terry Sylvester.[93]\n\n\n2010\n\nStooges, TheThe Stooges\nDave Alexander, Ron Asheton, Scott Asheton, Iggy Pop, and James Williamson.[94]\n\n\n2011\n\nAlice Cooper\nAlice Cooper, Michael Owen Bruce, Glen Buxton, Dennis Dunaway, and Neal Smith.[95]\n\n\n2011\n\nDiamond, NeilNeil Diamond\n\n\n\n2011\n\nDr. John\n\n\n\n2011\n\nLove, DarleneDarlene Love\n\n\n\n2011\n\nWaits, TomTom Waits\n\n\n\n2012\n\nBeastie Boys\nMichael \"Mike D\" Diamond, Adam \"Ad-Rock\" Horovitz, and Adam \"MCA\" Yauch.[96]\n\n\n2012\n—\nBlue Caps !The Blue Caps[N1]\nBacking band for Gene Vincent. Inducted: Tommy Facenda, Cliff Gallup, Dickie Harrell, Bobby Jones, Johnny Meeks, Jack Neal, Paul Peek, and Willie Williams.[97]\n\n\n2012\n\nComets !The Comets[N1]\nBacking band for Bill Haley. Inducted: Joey Ambrose, Franny Beecher, Danny Cedrone, Johnny Grande, Ralph Jones, Marshall Lytle, Rudy Pompilli, Al Rex, Dick Richards, and Billy Williamson.[98]\n\n\n2012\n\nCrickets !The Crickets[N1]\nBacking band for Buddy Holly. Inducted: Jerry Allison, Sonny Curtis, Joe B. Mauldin, and Niki Sullivan.[99]\n\n\n2012\n\nDonovan\n\n\n\n2012\n\nFamous Flames !The Famous Flames[N1]\nBacking vocal group for James Brown. Inducted: Bobby Bennett, Bobby Byrd, Lloyd Stallworth, and Johnny Terry.[100]\n\n\n2012\n\nGuns N' Roses\nSteven Adler, Duff McKagan, Dizzy Reed, Axl Rose, Slash, Matt Sorum, and Izzy Stradlin.[101]\n\n\n2012\n—\nMidnighters !The Midnighters[N1]\nBacking vocal group for Hank Ballard. Inducted: Henry Booth, Billy Davis, Cal Green, Arthur Porter, Lawson Smith, Charles Sutton, Norman Thrasher, and Sonny Woods.[102]\n\n\n2012\n\nMiracles !The Miracles[N1]\nBacking vocal group for Smokey Robinson. Inducted: Claudette Rogers, Bobby Rogers, Ronald White, Marv Tarplin, and Pete Moore.[103]\n\n\n2012\n\nNyro, LauraLaura Nyro\n\n\n\n2012\n\nRed Hot Chili Peppers\nFlea, John Frusciante, Jack Irons, Anthony Kiedis, Josh Klinghoffer, Cliff Martinez, Hillel Slovak, and Chad Smith.[104]\n\n\n2012\n—\nSmall Faces/Faces\nKenney Jones, Ronnie Lane, Ian McLagan, Steve Marriott, Rod Stewart, and Ronnie Wood.[105]\n\n\n2013\n\nHeart\nMichael DeRosier, Roger Fisher, Steve Fossen, Howard Leese, Ann Wilson, and Nancy Wilson.[106]\n\n\n2013\n\nKing, AlbertAlbert King\n\n\n\n2013\n\nNewman, RandyRandy Newman\n\n\n\n2013\n\nPublic Enemy\nFlavor Flav, Professor Griff, Terminator X, and Chuck D.[107]\n\n\n2013\n\nRush\nGeddy Lee, Alex Lifeson, and Neil Peart.[108]\n\n\n2013\n\nSummer, DonnaDonna Summer\n\n\n\n2014\n\nGabriel, PeterPeter Gabriel\n\n\n\n2014\n\nHall & Oates\nDaryl Hall and John Oates.[109]\n\n\n2014\n\nKiss\nPeter Criss, Ace Frehley, Gene Simmons, Paul Stanley, Eric Carr, Bruce Kulick.[110]\n\n\n2014\n\nNirvana\nKurt Cobain, Dave Grohl, and Krist Novoselic.[111]\n\n\n2014\n\nRonstadt, LindaLinda Ronstadt\n\n\n\n2014\n\nStevens, CatCat Stevens\n\n\n2015\n\nButterfield Blues Band, The PaulThe Paul Butterfield Blues Band\nPaul Butterfield, Mike Bloomfield, Elvin Bishop, Mark Naftalin, Jerome Arnold, Billy Davenport, and Sam Lay.[112]\n\n\n2015\n\nJett & the Blackhearts, JoanJoan Jett & the Blackhearts\nJoan Jett, Gary Ryan, Lee Crystal, and Ricky Byrd.[112]\n\n\n2015\n\nReed, LouLou Reed[113]\n\n\n\n2015\n\nGreen Day\nBillie Joe Armstrong, Tré Cool, and Mike Dirnt.[113]\n\n\n2015\n\nVaughan, Stevie RayStevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble\nStevie Ray Vaughan, Chris Layton, Tommy Shannon, and Reese Wynans.[112]\n\n\n2015\n\nWithers, BillBill Withers\n\n\n\n2016\n\nCheap Trick\nBun E. Carlos, Rick Nielsen, Tom Petersson, and Robin Zander.[114]\n\n\n2016\n\nChicago\nPeter Cetera, Terry Kath, Robert Lamm, Lee Loughnane, James Pankow, Walter Parazaider, and Danny Seraphine.[114]\n\n\n2016\n\nDeep Purple\nRitchie Blackmore, David Coverdale, Rod Evans, Ian Gillan, Roger Glover, Glenn Hughes, Jon Lord, and Ian Paice[114]\n\n\n2016\n\nN.W.A\nDJ Yella, Ice Cube, MC Ren, Eazy-E, and Dr. Dre[114]\n\n\n2016\n\nMiller, SteveSteve Miller\n\n\n\n2017\n\nElectric Light Orchestra\nBev Bevan, Jeff Lynne, Richard Tandy, and Roy Wood[115]\n\n\n2017\n\nBaez, JoanJoan Baez\n\n\n\n2017\n\nJourney\nJonathan Cain, Aynsley Dunbar, Steve Perry, Gregg Rolie, Neal Schon, Steve Smith, and Ross Valory[116]\n\n\n2017\n\nPearl Jam\nJeff Ament, Matt Cameron, Stone Gossard, Dave Krusen, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder[117]\n\n\n2017\n\nTupac Shakur\n\n\n\n2017\n\nYes\nJon Anderson, Bill Bruford, Steve Howe, Tony Kaye, Trevor Rabin, Chris Squire, Rick Wakeman, and Alan White[118]\n\n" ]

[ "The Everly Brothers" ]

[ "\nNominations: The most Tony nominations ever received by a single production was the musical Hamilton (2016) with 16 nominations in 13 categories, narrowly passing the previous holders of this record, The Producers (2001; 15 nominations in 12 categories) and Billy Elliot (2009; 15 nominations in 13 categories).\nWins: The most Tony Awards ever received by a single production was the musical The Producers (2001) with 12 awards, including Best Musical.\nNon-musical wins: The most Tonys ever received by a non-musical play was The Coast of Utopia (2007) with 7 Awards, including Best Play.\nMost nominated with fewest wins: The musical The Scottsboro Boys (2011) was nominated for 12 Tony Awards but did not win any.[47] It also holds the record for most nominations for a closed show (having closed nearly six months before the Tony Awards).\nThree productions, all musicals, have won all \"big six\" awards for their category: South Pacific (1950 awards), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1979 Awards) and Hairspray (2003 awards);[48] each won the Best Musical, Best Score, Best Book, Best Performance by a Leading Actor, Best Performance by a Leading Actress and Best Direction awards.\nActing Awards: Only one production, South Pacific (1950 awards), has won all four of the acting Awards in a single year.\nWords and Music: Only five musicals have won the Tony Award for Best Musical when a person had (co-)written the Book (non-sung dialogue and storyline) and the Score (music and lyrics): 1958 winner The Music Man (Meredith Willson – award for Book and Score did not exist that year), 1986 winner The Mystery of Edwin Drood (Rupert Holmes – who also won for Book and Score), 1996 winner Rent (Jonathan Larson – who also won for Book and Score), 2011 winner The Book of Mormon (Trey Parker, Robert Lopez, and Matt Stone also won for Book and Score), and 2016 winner Hamilton (Lin-Manuel Miranda also won for Book and Score).\nDesign Awards: Eight shows have swept the Design Awards (original 3 of Best Scenic Design, Best Costume Design, Best Lighting Design – joined by Best Sound Design starting in 2008): Follies (1972), The Phantom of the Opera (1986), The Lion King (1998), The Producers (2001), The Light in the Piazza (2005), The Coast of Utopia (2007), the 2008 revival of South Pacific (first to sweep the expanded four awards for Creative Arts) and Peter and the Starcatcher (first straight play to sweep the expanded four awards for Creative Arts) (2012).\nRevivals: Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller in 2012 became the first show (play or musical) to win as Best Production in four different years, Best Play at the 1949 awards, Best Revival at the 1984 awards (before the Best Revival award was split into two categories for Play and Musical in 1994), and Best Revival of a Play at the 1999 and 2012 awards. La Cage aux Folles made history as the first musical to win as Best Production in three different years, Best Musical at the 1984 awards and Best Revival of a Musical at both the 2005 awards and the 2010 awards.\n", "\nNominations: The most Tony nominations ever received by a single production was the musical Hamilton (2016) with 16 nominations in 13 categories, narrowly passing the previous holders of this record, The Producers (2001; 15 nominations in 12 categories) and Billy Elliot (2009; 15 nominations in 13 categories).\nWins: The most Tony Awards ever received by a single production was the musical The Producers (2001) with 12 awards, including Best Musical.\nNon-musical wins: The most Tonys ever received by a non-musical play was The Coast of Utopia (2007) with 7 Awards, including Best Play.\nMost nominated with fewest wins: The musical The Scottsboro Boys (2011) was nominated for 12 Tony Awards but did not win any.[47] It also holds the record for most nominations for a closed show (having closed nearly six months before the Tony Awards).\nThree productions, all musicals, have won all \"big six\" awards for their category: South Pacific (1950 awards), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1979 Awards) and Hairspray (2003 awards);[48] each won the Best Musical, Best Score, Best Book, Best Performance by a Leading Actor, Best Performance by a Leading Actress and Best Direction awards.\nActing Awards: Only one production, South Pacific (1950 awards), has won all four of the acting Awards in a single year.\nWords and Music: Only five musicals have won the Tony Award for Best Musical when a person had (co-)written the Book (non-sung dialogue and storyline) and the Score (music and lyrics): 1958 winner The Music Man (Meredith Willson – award for Book and Score did not exist that year), 1986 winner The Mystery of Edwin Drood (Rupert Holmes – who also won for Book and Score), 1996 winner Rent (Jonathan Larson – who also won for Book and Score), 2011 winner The Book of Mormon (Trey Parker, Robert Lopez, and Matt Stone also won for Book and Score), and 2016 winner Hamilton (Lin-Manuel Miranda also won for Book and Score).\nDesign Awards: Eight shows have swept the Design Awards (original 3 of Best Scenic Design, Best Costume Design, Best Lighting Design – joined by Best Sound Design starting in 2008): Follies (1972), The Phantom of the Opera (1986), The Lion King (1998), The Producers (2001), The Light in the Piazza (2005), The Coast of Utopia (2007), the 2008 revival of South Pacific (first to sweep the expanded four awards for Creative Arts) and Peter and the Starcatcher (first straight play to sweep the expanded four awards for Creative Arts) (2012).\nRevivals: Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller in 2012 became the first show (play or musical) to win as Best Production in four different years, Best Play at the 1949 awards, Best Revival at the 1984 awards (before the Best Revival award was split into two categories for Play and Musical in 1994), and Best Revival of a Play at the 1999 and 2012 awards. La Cage aux Folles made history as the first musical to win as Best Production in three different years, Best Musical at the 1984 awards and Best Revival of a Musical at both the 2005 awards and the 2010 awards.\n" ]

[ "The Producers (2001)", "12" ]

[ "In the United States Army, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Air Force, a lieutenant colonel is a field grade military officer rank just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel. It is equivalent to the naval rank of commander in the other uniformed services." ]

[ "a field grade military officer rank just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel" ]

[ "Miss (pronounced /ˈmɪs/) is an English language honorific traditionally used only for an unmarried woman (not using another title such as \"Doctor\" or \"Dame\"). Originating in the 17th century, it is a contraction of mistress, which was used for all women. A period is not used to signify the contraction. Its counterparts are Mrs., usually used only for married women, and Ms., which can be used for married or unmarried women.\n" ]

[ "Miss" ]

[ "The Lewis and Clark Expedition from May 1804 to September 1806, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross the western portion of the United States. It began near St. Louis, made its way westward, and passed through the Continental Divide of the Americas to reach the Pacific coast. The Corps of Discovery was a selected group of US Army volunteers under the command of Captain Meriwether Lewis and his close friend Second Lieutenant William Clark.", "The Lewis and Clark Expedition from May 1804 to September 1806, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross the western portion of the United States. It began near St. Louis, made its way westward, and passed through the Continental Divide of the Americas to reach the Pacific coast. The Corps of Discovery was a selected group of US Army volunteers under the command of Captain Meriwether Lewis and his close friend Second Lieutenant William Clark." ]

[ "Meriwether Lewis", "William Clark" ]

[ "Mission San Francisco de Asís, or Mission Dolores, is the oldest surviving structure in San Francisco and the sixth religious settlement established as part of the California chain of missions. The Mission was founded on October 9, 1776, by Lieutenant José Joaquin Moraga and Francisco Palóu (a companion of Junípero Serra), both members of the de Anza Expedition, which had been charged with bringing Spanish settlers to Alta (upper) California, and evangelizing the local Natives, the Ohlone. Some of the Mission's buildings have been turned into business including a print shop, and several saloons." ]

[ "October 9, 1776" ]

[ "\"Lonely Day\" is the second single from the 2005 album Hypnotize by Armenian American metal band System of a Down. It was written by guitarist Daron Malakian, who also provides lead vocals on the track. The song received a nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards.[1]" ]

[ "Daron Malakian" ]

[ "The BD format was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motion pictures. Sony unveiled the first Blu-ray disc prototypes in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in April 2003 in Japan. Afterwards, it continued to be developed until its official release on June 20, 2006, beginning the high definition optical disc format war, where Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format. Toshiba, the main company supporting HD DVD, conceded in February 2008,[8] and later released its own Blu-ray Disc player in late 2009.[9] According to Media Research, high-definition software sales in the United States were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales.[10] Blu-ray faces competition from video on demand (VOD) and the continued sale of DVDs.[11] Notably, as of January 2016, 44% of U.S. broadband households had a Blu-ray player.[12]\n" ]

[ "June 20, 2006" ]

[ "Emily \"Cissy\" Houston (née Drinkard; born September 30, 1933)[3] is an American soul and gospel singer. After a successful career singing backup for such artists as Dionne Warwick, Elvis Presley and Aretha Franklin, Houston embarked on a solo career, winning two Grammy Awards for her work. Houston is the mother of singer Whitney Houston, grandmother of Whitney's daughter, Bobbi Kristina Brown, aunt of singers Dionne and Dee Dee Warwick, and a cousin of opera singer Leontyne Price.\n" ]

[ "Emily \"Cissy\" Houston" ]

[ "Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2 is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and Xbox One on 14 November 2017.[1][2] It is the sequel to Lego Marvel Super Heroes and the third installment of the Lego Marvel franchise.[3]" ]

[ "14 November 2017" ]

[ "\n\nCountry\nName of animal\nScientific name\nPictures\nRef.\n\n\n Algeria\nFennec fox\nVulpes zerda\n\n[1]\n\n\n Angola\nRed-crested turaco (national bird)\nTauraco erythrolophus\n\n[2]\n\n\n Anguilla\nZenaida dove\nZenaida aurita\n\n[3]\n\n\n Antigua and Barbuda\nFallow deer (national animal)\nDama dama\n\n[4]\n\n\nFrigate (national bird)\nFregata magnificens\n\n[4]\n\n\nHawksbill turtle (national sea creature)\nEretmochelys imbricata\n\n[4]\n\n\n Argentina\nRufous hornero\nFurnarius rufus\n\n[5]\n\n\n Australia\nRed kangaroo (national animal)\nMacropus rufus\n\n[6]\n\n\nEmu (national bird)\nDromaius novaehollandiae\n\n[7]\n\n\n Austria\nBlack eagle\nIctinaetus malaiensis\n\n[8]\n\n\n Azerbaijan\nKarabakh horse\nEquus ferus caballus\n\n[9]\n\n\n Bangladesh\nRoyal Bengal tiger (national animal)\nPanthera tigris tigris\n\n[10]\n\n\nMagpie robin (national bird)\nCopsychus saularis\n\n[10]\n\n\nIlish (national fish)\nTenualosa ilisha\n\n[10]\n\n\n Belarus\nEuropean bison\nBison bonasus\n\n[11]\n\n\n Belgium\nLion (heraldic Leo Belgicus)\nPanthera leo\n\n[12]\n\n\n Belize\nBaird's tapir (national animal)\nTapirus bairdii\n\n[11][13]\n\n\nKeel-billed toucan (national bird)\nRamphastos sulfuratus\n\n[14]\n\n\n Bhutan\nDruk\nMythical\n\n[15]\n\n\nTakin\nBudorcas taxicolor\n\n[16]\n\n\n Brazil\nRufous-bellied thrush\nTurdus rufiventris\n\n[17]\n\n\n Cambodia\nKouprey\nBos sauveli\n\n[18]\n\n\n Canada\nNorth American beaver (sovereignty animal symbol)\nCastor canadensis\n\n[19][20]\n\n\nCanadian horse (national horse)\nEquus ferus caballus\n\n[20]\n\n\n China\nGiant panda (national animal)\nAiluropoda melanoleuca\n\n[21]\n\n\nChinese dragon (national animal)\nMythical\n\n[22]\n\n\nRed-crowned crane (national bird)\nGrus japonensis\n\n[23]\n\n\n Democratic Republic of the Congo\nOkapi\nOkapia johnstoni\n\n[11]\n\n\n Colombia\nAndean condor\nVultur gryphus\n\n[24]\n\n\n Costa Rica\nYigüirro (national bird)\nTurdus grayi\n\n[25]\n\n\nWhite-tailed deer (national animal)\nOdocoileus virginianus\n\n[26]\n\n\nWest Indian manatee (national aquatic animal)\nTrichechus manatus\n\n[27]\n\n\n Croatia\nPine marten\nMartes martes\n\n[28][29]\n\n\n Cuba\nCuban trogon\nPriotelus temnurus\n\n[30][31]\n\n\n Cyprus\nCypriot mouflon\nOvis orientalis\n\n[32]\n\n\n Czech Republic\nDouble-tailed lion\nMythical\n\n[33]\n\n\n Denmark\nMute swan (national bird)\nCygnus olor\n\n[34]\n\n\nSmall tortoiseshell (national butterfly)\nAglais urticae\n\n[34]\n\n\n Egypt\nSteppe eagle\nAquila nipalensis\n\n[35]\n\n\n Estonia\nBarn swallow (national bird)\nHirundo rustica\n\n[36]\n\n\n Eritrea\nArabian camel\nCamelus dromedarius\n\n[37]\n\n\n Ethiopia\nLion\nPanthera leo\n\n[38]\n\n\n Faroe Islands\nEurasian oystercatcher (national bird)\nHaematopus ostralgus\n\n[39]\n\n\n Finland\nBrown bear (national animal)\nUrsus arctos\n\n[40]\n\n\nWhooper swan (national bird)\nCygnus cygnus\n\n[41]\n\n\nHolly blue (national butterfly)\nCelastrina argiolus\n\n[42]\n\n\nEuropean perch (national fish)\nPerca fluviatilis\n\n[43]\n\n\nSeven-spot ladybird (national insect)\nCoccinella septempunctata\n\n[43]\n\n\n France\nGallic rooster\nGallus gallus domesticus\n\n[44]\n\n\n Germany\nUnspecified Eagle\nMembers of Accipitridae\n\n[45]\n\n\n Greece\nPhoenix\nMythical\n\n[46][47]\n\n\nDolphins\nDelphinus\n\n[48]\n\n\n Guatemala\nQuetzal\nPharomachrus mocinno\n\n[49]\n\n\n Haiti\nHispaniolan Trogan\nPriotelus roseigaster\n\n[50]\n\n\n Honduras\nWhite-tailed deer\nOdocoileus virginianus\n\n[51]\n\n\n Hungary\nTurul\nMythical (most probably Falco cherrug) [52]\n\n\n\n\n Iceland\nGyrfalcon\nFalco rusticolus\n\n[53]\n\n\n India\nBengal tiger (National predator)\nPanthera tigris tigris\n\n[54]\n\n\nIndian peafowl (National bird)\nPavo cristatus\n\n[55]\n\n\nKing cobra (National reptile)\nOphiophagus hannah\n\n[56]\n\n\nGanges river dolphin (National aquatic animal)\nPlatanista gangetica gangetica\n\n[57]\n\n\nIndian elephant (National heritage animal)\nElephas maximus indicus\n\n[58]\n\n\n Indonesia\nKomodo dragon (national animal)\nVaranus komodoensis\n\n[59]\n\n\nGaruda (historic national animal)\nMythical\n\n[60]\n\n\n Iran\nPersian lion\nPanthera leo persica\n\n[46]\n\n\n Iraq\nChukar partridge\nAlectoris chukar\n\n[61]\n\n\nGoat\n( KRG)\nCapra aegagrus\n\n[62]\n\n\n Israel\nHoopoe (national bird)\nUpupa epops\n\n[46]\n\n\n Jamaica\nRed-billed streamertail\nTrochilus polytmus\n\n[63]\n\n\n Japan\nGreen pheasant (national bird)\nPhasianus versicolor\n\n[64]\n\n\nCarp (national fish)\nCyprinus carpio\n\n[65]\n\n\n Latvia\nWhite wagtail (national bird)\nMotacilla alba\n\n[66][67]\n\n\nTwo-spotted ladybird (national insect)\nAdalia bipunctata\n\n[67]\n\n\n Lithuania\nWhite stork\nCiconia ciconia\n\n[68]\n\n\n Macedonia\nLion (in Macedonian heraldry)\nPanthera leo\n\n[69]\n\n\n Madagascar\nZebu (in Malagasy heraldry)\nBos primigenius indicus\n\n[70]\n\n\nRing-tailed lemur (national animal)\nLemur catta\n\n[71]\n\n\n Malaysia\nMalayan tiger (national animal)\nPanthera tigris jacksoni\n\n[72]\n\n\n Malta\nPharaoh Hound (national animal)\nCanis lupus familiaris\n\n[1]\n\n\n Moldova\nAurochs (national animal)\nBos primigenius\n\n[73]\n\n\n Mauritius\nDodo\nRaphus cucullatus\n\n[11][74][75]\n\n\n Mexico\nGolden eagle (national animal)\nAquila chrysaetos\n\n[76]\n\n\nXoloitzcuintli (national dog)\nCanis lupus familiaris\n\n[76]\n\n\nJaguar (national mammal)\nPanthera onca\n\n[76]\n\n\nGrasshopper (national arthropod )\nSphenarium purpurascens\n\n[76]\n\n\nVaquita (national marine mammal)\nPhocoena sinus\n\n[76]\n\n\n Nepal\nCow (national animal)\nBos taurus indicus\n\n[77]\n\n\nDanphe (national bird)\nLophophorus impejanus\n\n[78]\n\n\n Netherlands\nLion (heraldic symbol)\nPanthera leo\n\n[79]\n\n\nBlack-tailed godwit (national bird)\nLimosa limosa\n\n[80]\n\n\n New Zealand\nKiwi\nApteryx sp.\n\n[81]\n\n\n North Korea\nChollima\nMythical\n\n[82][83][84]\n\n\n Norway\nLion (royal national animal)\nPanthera leo\n\n[85]\n\n\nWhite-throated dipper (national bird)\nCinclus cinclus\n\n[86]\n\n\nFjord horse (national horse)\nEquus ferus caballus\n\n[87]\n\n\n Oman\nArabian oryx (national animal)\nOryx leucoryx\n\n[88]\n\n\n Pakistan\nMarkhor (National animal)\nCapra falconeri\n\n[89]\n\n\nIndus river dolphin (National aquatic mammal)\nPlatanista indicus minor minor\n\n[89]\n\n\nChukar (National bird)\nAlectoris chukar\n\n[89]\n\n\nIndus crocodile (National reptile)\nCrocodylus palustris\n\n[89]\n\n\nShaheen falcon (Heritage bird)\nFalco peregrinus peregrinator\n\n[90]\n\n\nSnow leopard (National predator)\nPanthera uncia\n\n[89]\n\n\n Panama\nHarpy eagle\nHarpia harpyja\n\n[11]\n\n\n Papua New Guinea\nDugong (national marine mammal)\nDugong dugon\n\n[91]\n\n\n Peru\nVicuña (national animal)\nVicugna vicugna\n\n[92]\n\n\n Philippines\nCarabao (national animal)\nBubalus bubalis\n\n[93]\n\n\nPhilippine eagle (national bird)\nPithecophaga jefferyi\n\n[94]\n\n\n Poland\nWhite-tailed eagle (national bird)\nHaliaeetus albicilla\n\n[95][96]\n\n\nWhite stork (national bird)\nCiconia ciconia\n\n[97]\n\n\nEuropean bison (national animal)\nBison bonasus\n\n[98][99]\n\n\n Qatar\nArabian oryx\nOryx leucoryx\n\n[100]\n\n\n Romania\nLynx\nLynx lynx\n\n[101]\n\n\n Russia\nEurasian brown bear\nUrsus arctos arctos\n\n[102]\n\n\n Rwanda\nLeopard\nPanthera pardus\n\n[103]\n\n\n Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\nSaint Vincent amazon\nAmazona guildingii\n\n[104]\n\n\n Serbia\nWolf\nCanis lupus lupus\n\n[105]\n\n\nWhite eagle\nMythical\n\n[106]\n\n\nLynx\nLynx lynx\n\n[107]\n\n\n Somalia\nLeopard (national animal)\nPanthera pardus\n\n[108]\n\n\n South Africa\nSpringbok (national animal)\nAntidorcas marsupialis\n\n[109]\n\n\nBlue crane (national bird)[109]\nAnthropoides paradiseus\n\n\n\n\nGaljoen (national fish)[109]\nDichistius capensis\n\n\n\n\n South Korea\nSiberian tiger\nPanthera tigris altaica\n\n[110]\n\n\nKorean magpie (national bird)\nPica (pica) sericea\n\n[110]\n\n\n Sri Lanka\nSri Lankan junglefowl (national bird)\nGallus lafayettii\n\n[111]\n\n\n Tanzania\nGiraffe\nGiraffa camelopardalis\n\n[112][113][114]\n\n\n Thailand\nElephant\nElephas maximus\n\n[115]\n\n\n United Arab Emirates\nArabian oryx (national animal)\nOryx leucoryx\n\n[116]\n\n\nPeregrine falcon (national bird)\nFalco peregrinus\n\n[116]\n\n\n United Kingdom\nLion (United Kingdom, England, Scotland, Wales)\nPanthera leo\n\n[117][118]\n\n\nBulldog (Britain as \"British Bulldog\")\nCanis lupus familiaris\n\n[119]\n\n\nRed kite (Wales)\nMilvus milvus\n\n[120]\n\n\nUnicorn (Scotland)\nMythical\n\n[46][121][122][123][124]\n\n\nY Ddraig Goch (Welsh Dragon Wales)\nMythical\n\n[120][125]\n\n\n United States\nBald eagle (national bird)\nHaliaeetus leucocephalus\n\n[126][127]\n\n\nAmerican bison (national mammal)\nBison bison\n\n[128][129]\n\n" ]

[ "Nepal" ]

[ "Match (portrayed by Billy Zane), Skinhead (portrayed by Jeffrey Jay Cohen), and 3-D (portrayed by Casey Siemaszko) are the three high school boys who make up Biff Tannen's gang in 1955. Their nicknames are only given in the films' novels, screenplays, and credits. Only one of their real names is mentioned in the movies – Biff refers to Skinhead as Joey in one of the 1955 scenes in Back to the Future Part II, while outside of the \"Enchantment Under the Sea\" dance.", "Match (portrayed by Billy Zane), Skinhead (portrayed by Jeffrey Jay Cohen), and 3-D (portrayed by Casey Siemaszko) are the three high school boys who make up Biff Tannen's gang in 1955. Their nicknames are only given in the films' novels, screenplays, and credits. Only one of their real names is mentioned in the movies – Biff refers to Skinhead as Joey in one of the 1955 scenes in Back to the Future Part II, while outside of the \"Enchantment Under the Sea\" dance.", "Match (portrayed by Billy Zane), Skinhead (portrayed by Jeffrey Jay Cohen), and 3-D (portrayed by Casey Siemaszko) are the three high school boys who make up Biff Tannen's gang in 1955. Their nicknames are only given in the films' novels, screenplays, and credits. Only one of their real names is mentioned in the movies – Biff refers to Skinhead as Joey in one of the 1955 scenes in Back to the Future Part II, while outside of the \"Enchantment Under the Sea\" dance." ]

[ "Billy Zane", "Jeffrey Jay Cohen", "Casey Siemaszko" ]

[ "On 7 July 2011, Glentoran beat Macedonian side FK Renova in the Europa League first qualifying round after the Glens overturned a 2–1 away defeat by winning the home leg 2–1 at The Oval and thus levelling the score on aggregate. The match was decided by penalties. Glentoran progressed after winning the shoot-out 3–2." ]

[ "7 July 2011" ]

[ "Kaycee Stroh (born May 29, 1984) is an American actress, singer and dancer, best known for her role as Martha Cox in the hit Disney Channel Original Movies, High School Musical (2006), High School Musical 2 (2007), and High School Musical 3: Senior Year (2008). She was a contestant in the VH1 reality show Celebrity Fit Club." ]

[ "Kaycee Stroh" ]

[ "Pantheism is the belief that reality is identical with divinity,[1] or that all-things compose an all-encompassing, immanent god[2]. Pantheist belief does not recognize a distinct personal anthropomorphic god[3] and instead characterize a broad range of doctrines differing in forms of relationships between reality and divinity.[4]" ]

[ "Pantheism" ]

[ "The music of the Star Wars franchise is composed and produced in conjunction with the development of the feature films, television series, and other merchandise within the epic space opera franchise created by George Lucas. The music for the primary feature films (which serves as the basis for the rest of the related media) was written by John Williams." ]

[ "John Williams" ]

[ "The North London derby is the name of the association football local derby in England between two teams based in North London – Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur. Both Arsenal and Tottenham fans have recognised each other as one of their biggest rivals, and the derby is one of the fiercest in world football. Although the two teams first played each other in 1887, the rivalry did not begin until 1913 when Arsenal moved their ground to north London. As of February 2018, 182 games have been played between the two teams since their first game in the Football League in 1909, with 76 wins for Arsenal, 57 wins for Tottenham and 49 games drawn. When games played before Football League are included, 195 games have been played, with Arsenal winning 81, Tottenham 63, and 51 draws.[3]\n" ]

[ "Arsenal" ]

[ "Some commentators believe that Daubert caused judges to become—in the phrase used in former Chief Justice William Rehnquist’s dissent in Daubert—amateur scientists, many lacking the scientific literacy to effectively fulfill their role as gatekeeper of scientific evidence.[22] Although \"science for judges\" forums have emerged in the wake of Daubert in order to educate judges in a variety of scientific fields, many are still skeptical about the usefulness of the Daubert standard in discerning valid science.[23][24][25] The responsibility to assess scientific relevance has shifted from highly trained expert witnesses to judges deficient in science education. The \"Daubert\" ruling furthermore admits the possible introduction of non-peer reviewed data and conclusions. This increasingly shifts the burden of scientific judgement onto judges who have not had an education which would enable them to properly evaluate such data.[26]" ]

[ "judges" ]

[ "Frankenstein is written in the form of a frame story that starts with Captain Robert Walton writing letters to his sister. It takes place at an unspecified time in the 18th century, as the letters' dates are given as \"17—\"." ]

[ "his sister" ]

[ "Tom Hanks as the Hero Boy (motion-capture only), the Hero Boy's father, the Conductor, the Hobo, Santa Claus, and the Narrator\n\nDaryl Sabara as the Hero Boy (voice)\nJosh Hutcherson as the Hero Boy (additional motion-capture)\n\n" ]

[ "Tom Hanks" ]