url
stringlengths 15
1.48k
| date
timestamp[s] | file_path
stringlengths 125
155
| language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 75
32.8k
| dump
stringclasses 96
values | global_id
stringlengths 41
46
| lang
stringclasses 1
value | text
stringlengths 295
153k
| domain
stringclasses 67
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
https://restreco.com/consortium-members/ | 2023-06-02T11:30:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648635.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602104352-20230602134352-00137.warc.gz | 0.92575 | 1,945 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__144768764 | en | Professor Jim Harris – Consortium Lead Principal Investigator
Jim is a systems ecologist interested in system complexity, function and emergent properties – particularly resilience and how the principles learned from ecology can be applied to the “Five Capitals” of our socio-ecological system. Principally working in soil microbiology, restoration ecology and ecosystem service research focused on microbial ecology in relation to ecosystem processes. He has applied this particularly in the assessment and treatment of degraded systems, restoration ecology, quantitative assessment of ecosystem goods and services, and has pioneered work on catabolic profiling and the thermodynamics of soil microbial communities. This work has advanced our understanding of the effects of environmental and management practices on the soil microbial community, provided better tools for assessing ecosystem status, the effects of land management, soil management and amendment, and importantly restoration and agricultural programmes aimed at enhancing natural capital to achieve net environmental gain whilst securing productive environments. He was the Consortium Lead PI for the NERC Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability Programme – BESS Urban: Fragments, functions and flows and CoI on the BBSRC Projects “Fundamental basis of soil biological resilience” and “Self-organisation of the soil-microbe complex”. He is Science Adviser to the Societé General funded Climate SHAKE program aimed at supporting entrepreneurs in bringing agritech innovation to the market place. His work on defining and assessing soil health via measurement of biological, physical and chemical properties has been widely adopted. He has worked extensively at national and international level in policy development: he has acted as Scientific Adviser to the UK Defra group at IPBES meetings in Colombia, Rome, and Bonn; a Lead Author in the IPBES Report on Land Degradation and Restoration; and past Chair of the International Society for Ecological Restoration.
Dr Mark Pawlett – Co-Investigator
Mark (C.Env) is a Senior Research Fellow of Soil Biology, with a focus on developing innovative strategies for sustainable land management. He is especially interested in the biological interface between the plants and soil, targeting sustainable management solutions to improve soil health (function and nutrient cycling pathways) for improved ecosystem services. Of particular interest is the use of biogas digestaes to manipulate the soil microbiome for improved health, the potential of natural burials to affect soil biodiversity and function, and the use of biostimulants and microbial inoculants for improved soil health. Overseas, Mark has worked at the Engabreen Glacier in Norway, heathland restoration in Netherlands, and Bauxite residue recovery area restoration in Ireland. He is also the Course Director for MSc Environmental Engineering.
Dr Daniel Simms – Co-Investigator
Daniel is a Lecturer in Remote Sensing at Cranfield University working on the development of new technologies and methodologies for extracting useful patterns of land-cover and land-use from remote sensing data at multiple scales. He is currently leading new research into resource monitoring and measuring landscape scale processes. Of particular interest is how deep learning can help to improve our understanding of the changing state of the Earth’s land-cover.
Dr Alexey Larionov – Co-Investigator
Alexey currently works as a Lecturer in Bioinformatics at Cranfield University, heavily involved in teaching of postgraduate students. His current interests are in metagenomics and long reads sequencing data analysis. From 2013 to 2021 he worked as a bioinformatician in Cambridge University, setting up lab- and bioinformatics methods to study heritable predisposition to cancer. Before this (2002-2013) he worked in Edinburgh University, studying markers and mechanisms of endocrine resistance in breast cancer.
University of Stirling
Professor Kirsty Park – Principal Investigator
Kirsty is a conservation scientist with a focus on quantifying the effects of environmental change on biological diversity and testing the efficacy of solutions to mitigate anthropogenic impacts. Her research spans multiple habitats and land-uses, with a focus on heavily anthropogenic landscapes (e.g. forestry, agriculture, urban) and across a diverse range of taxa. Since 2013, she has been co-lead of a long-term research programme related to RestREco, the WrEN project (Woodland Creation & Ecological Networks), a collaboration of academics, policy makers and practitioners interested in the restoration of ecologically degraded landscapes. She works with a wide range of policy and practitioner organisations and is a Trustee for the Loch Lomond & Trossachs Countryside Trust.
Dr Elisa Fuentes-Montemayor – Co-Investigator
Elisa is an ecologist and conservation biologist investigating how human activities impact biological communities and ecosystem functioning. Her main areas of expertise include animal ecology, woodland ecology, restoration ecology and spatial ecology. She has a track record investigating the consequences of anthropogenic disturbances (e.g. habitat loss and fragmentation) and the effectiveness of conservation actions (e.g. habitat restoration and implementation of agri-environment schemes) for biodiversity. To address these subjects, she studies a variety of taxa (mainly mammals, birds and invertebrates such as moths), using a combination of field surveying techniques, state-of-the-art sensing technologies, and novel analytical approaches. Her research is strongly applied, with a focus on finding effective ways to restore biodiversity (and associated ecosystem functions and services) in human-modified landscapes. She has a track-record collaborating with academics, policy makers, industry and organisations involved in conservation and environmental management. Elisa is currently a Senior Lecturer at the University of Stirling.
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
Professor James Bullock – Principal Investigator
James works on finding solutions to the ecological emergency by understanding how species may respond to climate change, analysing and modelling ecosystem services, assessing how to enhance connectivity in fragmented landscapes, investigating how to make farming sustainable, and, critically, how to restore our damaged and degraded ecosystems. He leads research tackling some of today’s most critical ecological problems, stemming from the need to maintain complex and diverse ecosystems in the face of growing demands for food, water, housing, and transport.
Dr Ben Woodcock – Co-Investigator
Ben’s research interests revolve around reconciling intensive agricultural management with the maintenance and enhancement of native biodiversity and the ecosystem services that they provide. While a lot of his work is of an applied conservation nature, linked to the development of agri-environment schemes (the UK policy mechanism for extensifying agricultural management), he is interested in the fundamental mechanisms that underpinning community ecology in these systems. This work has focused on how restoration, particularly in grassland systems, can be used to establish complex multitrophic systems and how dispersal limitation of both plants and arthropods interact to limit this happening.
Professor Rosie Hails – Principal Investigator
Professor Rosie Hails MBE FRSB is an ecologist and Nature and Science Director at the National Trust, holding honorary chairs at Exeter and Cranfield Universities. Her role is to develop the Trust’s research portfolio and advise on science evidence relevant to Trust decision making. She leads teams focusing on Nature Conservation, Trees & Woods, Wildlife Management, Land Use, Farming and Public Benefits delivered by Nature. She is a member of Defra’s Science Advisory Council, chairing the Biodiversity Targets Advisory Group, Council member of the RSPB, Chair of the Woodmeadow Trust Steering Group and Trustee of the John Innes Foundation. She is also on a number of advisory boards. Formerly she was the Science Director for Biodiversity & Ecosystem Science at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
Ben McCarthy – Co-Investigator
Ben is an ecologist and Head of Nature Conservation & Restoration Ecology at the National Trust. Having held senior positions with statutory and non-statutory organisations he now provides national leadership to realise the Trust’s ambition for nature and nature-based climate solutions. He uses his experience over twenty years translating conservation science into practical delivery to restore nature and deliver nature-based climate solutions across England, Wales and N Ireland. Sitting within the National Trust’s Science & Nature Directorate he contributes towards building their evidence and reputation as a leading UK nature conservation organisation.
Professor Kevin Watts – Co-Investigator
Kevin is senior landscape ecologist at Forest Research, the research agency of the Forestry Commission. As an applied scientist he is interested in understanding the impact of woodland creation and restoration on the biodiversity, functioning and resilience of wooded landscapes with the aim of informing policy and practice. His work utilises spatial models, tools, indicators and simulations to explore and predict potential impacts. This work is coupled with empirical studies on species movement, landscape genetics and field experiments. Much of his work has been developed through a broad range of collaborative projects, including the WrEN project, and the co-supervision of PhD students, most recently with the Universities of Stirling, Aberdeen, York, Leeds, Reading and Southampton. Kevin is also head of the Land Use and Ecosystem Services (LUES) Science group at Forest Research. The group aims to deliver evidence, methods and tools which support policymakers and practitioners in their understanding of how land use and climate change affects the biodiversity, resilience and ecosystem services of wooded landscapes now and in the future. Kevin is also an Honorary Professor at the University of Stirling and a member of the Woodland Trust Conservation Advisory Group. | biology |
http://www.hoodsheritagehogs.com/blog/15404 | 2013-12-09T16:11:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163988740/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133308-00014-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.915937 | 100 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__42730429 | en | Know your farmer. Know your food. Here at Hood's Heritage Hogs we believe that our future depends on preserving our food heritage. Every time a breed or variety is lost, valuable genetic diversity disappears forever. Red Wattle Hogs are critically rare numbering less than 2000 animals. It sounds wrong, but to save them we must eat them. If there is no demand for Red Wattle Pork the RW's will disappear. Please help us save the Red Wattles and save our family farm heritage. | biology |
https://www.hawaiicruises.com/wildlife.cfm | 2024-02-25T04:57:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474581.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225035809-20240225065809-00262.warc.gz | 0.931848 | 455 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__124912246 | en | Hawaii's beautiful landscape is home to many unusual species, including carnivorous caterpillars, the largest dragonfly in the U.S. and the exotic silversword plant, which can take decades to bloom. In fact, much of the state's native flora and fauna cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
Teeming with brightly colored, fragrant flowers, it's no wonder Hawaii is known for its tradition of making leis. Popular flowers used to make these decorative garlands include hibiscus, gardenia, pikake (jasmine), plumeria and orchids.
With its woodpeckers, owls, honeycreepers, songbirds and a diverse population of seabirds, Hawaii is a great place for bird-watching. Visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park to check out the state bird -- the Hawaiian goose, or nene.
Some of the best scuba diving in the world can be found in the clear, warm waters of the Hawaiian islands. Divers might encounter sharks, dolphins or sea turtles. Three types of sea turtle are native to Hawaii -- green, hawksbill and leatherback. Green sea turtles, called honu, are most commonly sighted by snorkelers and divers. The coral reefs here are home to roughly 450 species of reef fish, almost a third of which are unique to Hawaii.
Another distinctive Hawaiian creature is the monk seal, or Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua, which means "dog that runs in rough waters." Recently named the state mammal, these seals can weigh up to 600 pounds and have been around for millions of years.
Hawaii is a breeding ground for the North Pacific humpback whale. Every winter, from November to May, humpback whales migrate from their feeding grounds in Alaska to breed in the warmer waters off the coast of Hawaii. Maui is a top whale-watching spot from the sea, but day cruises are available from most ports on the islands of Hawaii, or you might even spot whales from the shore.
From the lush greenery on land to the abundant life at sea, one thing is certain: The Aloha State is a nature lover's paradise. | biology |
https://www.ezramedical.org/lazy-eye/ | 2018-12-16T16:08:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376827769.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20181216143418-20181216165418-00452.warc.gz | 0.946972 | 769 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__123151749 | en | Amblyopia (Lazy Eye)
What is amblyopia?
Amblyopia, commonly known as “lazy eye”, is a condition in which the vision in one or both eyes cannot be corrected even after corrective eyeglasses have been prescribed. In a child with normal visual development, the brain receives information from the right eye and information from the left eye and combines the two to see one clear picture of the world. This is called fusion.
Amblyopia occurs when the brain is unable to fuse information. As a result the brain suppresses the information from the weaker eye, which leads to further deterioration. Amblyopia can be caused by an unequal alignment of the eyes, an uneven prescription in the two eyes, or by an organic obstruction to the eye.
Generally, amblyopia will develop within the first few years of life. Fortunately, however, amblyopia can be treated at any age.
What types of amblyopia can occur?
Three most common types are:
Anisometropic Amblyopia (due to a difference in optical power in the two eyes):
This is a condition in which the optical correction is very diverse between the two eyes. For example, one eye may be very farsighted while the other is only slightly farsighted, causing the brain to ignore the eye with the blurry images.
Isometropic Amblyopia (due to a high degree of optical correction in both eyes):
This condition is when the optical correction is very high in both eyes. Because the child has not worn glasses, the vision in both eyes will be poor.
Strabismic Amblyopia (due to misalignment of the two eyes):
This is a condition in which one eye is turned in or out. This eye is ignored by the brain, leading to more deterioration of vision in that eye.
How common is amblyopia?
Approximately three percent of children and young adults have amblyopia.
What are the problems and symptoms associated with amblyopia?
The main problem associated with amblyopia is poor vision in one or both eyes. The child usually does not complain because the vision in the good eye is unaffected. If the amblyopia is a result of poor optics in one eye, the eyes appear very normal and crossed eyes or other obvious problems are not present. Only a vision screening or professional eye examination can detect this problem. This is one reason we recommend the first professional eye examination at six months of age.
How is amblyopia treated?
If the problem is due to the optics of the eyes, eyeglasses will be prescribed and, in most cases, need to be worn full-time. In addition, the good eye may need to be patched to force the weaker one to be used. Vision therapy is necessary to improve binocular vision (both eyes working simultaneously). The amount of patching required varies from case to case. Generally, the process takes about six months with the most dramatic improvement occurring in the first three months of patching and therapy.
If the basis for the amblyopia is an eye turn, glasses may or may not be necessary but patching and vision therapy are essential. In some cases, a surgical consultation is advised. Follow-up visits are important in order to determine the progress of treatment.
Vision therapy, a successful treatment approach to remedy amblyopia, involves weekly office visits. During treatment, the patient is assigned select activities designed to restore normal flexibility to the eyes. This should lead to improved visual acuity.
View our Optometry and Vision Therapy sections for more information on common vision problems in children. Also find out more about the optometrists and vision specialists at Ezra Medical Center. | biology |
http://www.fgo2u.com/announcements | 2013-05-23T19:47:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703728865/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112848-00053-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.940116 | 2,784 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__53172256 | en | Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend is a carefully blended mix of the finest Omega 3, 6 and 9 varieties of Essential Fatty Acid sources.This premium-quality product has a pleasant light nutty flavor and is easily mixed with health shakes, protein drinks, or, added as a topping to salads and vegetables!
What are Essential Fats?
Scientists have given essential fats (a.ka. essential fatty acids or EFAs) their name because the body must have them to survive, but cannot synthesize them from any other substance we eat, so a direct food source is required. Hence, the name essential. There are many kinds of fats, but only two kinds of essential fats: omega 3 (n-3 or w3) and omega 6 (n-6 or w6), both of which are unsaturated fats. Each EFA is turned into several derivatives by the body, provided enough n-3 and n-6, in the right ratio, and made with health in mind, are supplied. All other fats, such as omega 9 (monounsaturated), omega 7, and saturated fat, are non-essential because the body can produce them from sugars and starches.
Where do Essential Fats come from?
Sources of n-3s are flaxseeds and green leafy vegetables. The n-3 derivatives EPA and DHA are found in high fat, cold water fish such as albacore tuna, sardines, Atlantic halibut and salmon, coho, pink and king salmon, Pacific and Atlantic herring, Atlantic mackerel, and lake trout. Small amounts of EPA and DHA n-3s are also found in oysters and other shellfish.
N-6 is found in sesame and sunflower seeds and other seeds and nuts. Land animal meats and fish are sources of the n-6 derivative arachidonic acid (AA). The fish listed above are preferred sources of n-3 and n-6 derivatives, because they are the richest sources, and contain both, with more n-3s.
Why do we need Essential Fats?
Just as a member of a large family has many roles, essential fats serve many functions in the complex workings of the human body. Taken in the right amounts and ratios, and taken from the right sources, essential fats help establish and maintain health as follows . . .
Increase energy, performance, and stamina. EFAs enhance thermogenesis, help build muscle, prevent muscle break down, and speed recovery from fatigue;
Strengthen the immune system. EFAs make hormone-like eicosanoids that regulate immune and inflammatory responses. N-3s have anti-inflammatory effects and can slow autoimmune damage;
Lower most risk factors for cardiovascular disease. EFAs (especially n3s) lower abnormally high levels of blood pressure, triglycerides, Lp(a), fibrinogen, tendency to clot formation, and inflammation;
Improve brain function: mood, intelligence , behavior, and vision. Our brain is over 60% fat. EFAs are important components of the entire nervous system. They are necessary to make the neurotransmitter serotonin. Depression and other brain diseases show decreased levels of n-3;
Aid in weight reduction. EFAs help keep mood and energy up and suppress appetite, thereby aiding in weight loss. More recently, they have been found to block the genes that produce fat in the body (saturated and Trans Fat do not have this same effect) and increase thermogenesis;
Regulate organs and glands. Liver and kidneys, adrenal and thyroid glands, and the production of male and female hormones need EFAs;
Speed recovery and healing. EFAs are necessary for cell growth and division. They form all cell membranes and regulate vital cell activity;
Support healthy child development. For nervous system development, a growing fetus needs optimum EFAs from the mother's body. Mothers become depleted of EFAs during pregnancy, and need optimal EFA intake for their health and their children's optimum development;
Improve digestion. Poorly digested foods tie up the immune system and can cause gut inflammation, leaky gut, and allergies. N-3s improve gut integrity, and decrease inflammation and "leaky gut";
Decrease infection. EFAs have anti-fungal, anti-yeast, and anti-microbial properties, helping to protect against infections;
Keep bones strong. EFAs aid in the transport of minerals that keep bones and teeth strong, helping to prevent osteoporosis;
Protect genetic material. EFAs regulate gene expression, and n-3s inhibit tumor growth;
Ease PMS. Studies indicate that n-6 (GLA) intake was voted, by women, among the top three most effective PMS treatments. N-3s may be even more effective;
Produce beautiful skin, hair, and nails. Some of the first signs of EFA deficiency are dry, flaky skin, dull hair, and brittle nails. N-3s can help skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne. Also, GLA (n-6 derivative) administration is useful for some patients with atopic eczema.
Essential fats are easily damaged by light, air, heat, metals, water, and
Of all the essential nutrients, essential fats are by far the most abused because they are perishable, chemically unstable foods. Almost all supermarket oils, including the oils used in processed foods, have been damaged by destructive processing techniques, including refining, bleaching, overheating, and/or partial hydrogenation (a process which produces deadly trans fats).
By now, it may be clear that everybody needs essential fats.
N-3 consumption has decreased to one sixth the level found in our food supply in the 1850s. N-6 consumption has doubled in that time, drastically changing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 in our food supply. This change is reflected in the makeup of our tissue fats and in our health. That means that while both n-3s and n-6s are required by every cell, we get too much n-6 and far too little n-3. For this reason, research shows that n-3s help in more than twice as many degenerative diseases than do n-6s.
More recently (the last 20 years), 'low' fat, 'no' fat, and 'fake' fat diets have been depriving people of both essential fats. Deficiency leads to deterioration of every cell, tissue, gland, organ and organ system and, by extension, to symptoms of deficiency that accompany loss of health.
The dangers of trans fats:
In 1994, a Harvard School of Public Health press release warned the consumers on the dangers of eating trans fatty acids found in some margarines, most commercially baked goods, and deep-frying oils, including oils used in restaurants. On June 23, 1999, they again announced a press release on the most recent trans fat research. It was titled: "Harvard review of evidence verifies that eating trans fats increases risk of heart disease". Head author, Alberto Ascherio, revealed that "...if trans fats were replaced by unsaturated vegetable oils, we would expect to see at least 30,000 fewer persons die prematurely from CHD (coronary heart disease) each year." That number was based on the United States alone!
The n-3 essential fat alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) is damaged 5 times more quickly than the n-6. This makes it a manufacturer's nightmare, unless great care is taken to protect it during manufacture, storage (and home use too). Unfortunately, fish oils are destroyed 5 times more rapidly than even LNA. This is why fish oils smell and taste fishy (which is rancidity) and why eating fresh fish at the sushi bar to get the health-benefiting EPA and DHA is preferable to capsules of EPA or DHA-rich oils from fish.
See the book Fats That Heal Fats That Kill (456p.) for the complete story on fats, oils, and our health.
Where do we get Undamaged Essential Fats?
Oils made with health in mind come from organically grown seeds. They are pressed under protection from heat, light, and oxygen; packaged in tightly sealed brown glass bottles; placed in a light-excluding box; and stored in the fridge. Oils made with this care - the highest possible quality - are mostly found in health food stores and naturopathic physician offices, although some department stores and specialty stores are now also servicing their customers.
What is Udo's Oil Blend?
Made with exceptional care, this Oil Blend was developed for people who want one product that gives them all the good fats they need, without any of the bad fats they should avoid.
How should we use Essential Fats?
Used in the right amounts and ratios, essential fats confer invaluable health benefits. 1 to 5 Tbsp/day of Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend will make skin soft and velvety. For serious conditions, seek advice of a nutritionally trained health care professional.
Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend is compatible with all foods and can be used with cold, warm, and hot (once off the heat source) foods but must not be used for frying, baking, or other high temperature cooking. Favorite uses are in salads, protein shakes, yogurt, juices, soups, on steamed vegetables, rice, and pastas, and with balsamic vinegar for dipping.
Sealed Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend bottles can be kept for up to eight months refrigerated and for over two years in the freezer (oil shrinks when frozen so the glass bottles will not break). For freshness, the oil is best used within eight weeks of opening the bottle.
What makes Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend unique?
Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend is a certified organic blend of guaranteed GMO-free, unrefined edible oils. This unique blend delivers a reliable source of the n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids that are essential to life. Based on 15 years of practical experience with fats and oils, this formula is a 2:1:1 ratio of n-3: n-6: n-9, a combination most therapeutic for the n-3-deficient, n-6-rich diets, as well as 'low' and 'no' fat diets, common today. The Oil Blend includes oils from fresh flax, sesame and sunflower seeds, as well as oils from evening primrose, rice germ and oat germ.
This blend is rich in GMO-free lecithin, which provides the building materials for healthy cell membranes. The formula used to include medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), which are easy to digest and assimilate, but are not available in an organic form. These were recently replaced by organic coconut oil, which contains MCTs with powerful antimicrobial effects, and powerful antioxidants. The blend also contains the potent antioxidant tocotrienols (from rice). The MCTs in the coconut oil are used directly by our cells as an energy source without increasing fat deposits. Vitamin E and rosemary oil, both potent antioxidants, are added to increase freshness and to act as scavengers of free radical molecules in the body.
Carefully chosen, the seeds used to make Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend are pressed at a temperature of less than 120°F (or 50°C) and, even more important, in the absence of light and oxygen. Nitrogen-flushed, amber glass bottles packaged in a box and found only in the fridge or freezer, protects this Oil Blend from potential damage by heat, light and oxygen, and helps to ensure maximum freshness and stability.
Along with the invaluable health benefits blended essential fats confer when taken internally, external application has also proven to be of benefit for nice skin. In the January 2000 issue of the UK fashion magazine, Tatler, alternative health guru, Leslie Kenton, explains "I cover my face and body religiously with Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend."
To date, Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend has won 12 gold medals of Alive Award of Excellence since year 1996.
Udo's 3.6.9 Oil Blend Ingredients:
- organic flax seed oil;
- organic sunflower seed oil;
- organic sesame seed oil;
- rice and oat germ oils;
- rice and oat bran oils;
- organic coconut oils;
- organic evening primrose oils;
- lecithin (guaranteed GMO-free);
Naturally Occurring "Minor Ingredients":
- 65mg of phytosterols/tablespoon (lower cholesterol and normalize immune function);
- lignans (beneficial phytoestrogens from flax);
- carotene; and
- tocotrienols and other seed specific antioxidants.
- hundreds of other oil-soluble, health-benefiting phytonutrients
The content on this site is meant for informational purposes only, and is not intended for use as official
health consultation or recommendations. Forever Green Organic takes no responsibility for harm that may result from the use, abuse or misuse of information contained on this site. | biology |
https://soditblog.wordpress.com/2017/05/22/king-of-the-garden/ | 2019-06-20T15:06:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999261.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190620145650-20190620171650-00090.warc.gz | 0.984417 | 1,171 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__104865825 | en | When the kids were younger we used to play a game where the objective was to find either the King or Queen of the garden. I would come in from outside and ask them what plant they thought was either the King or Queen of the Garden. Not that complicated but it did get them to go outside and explore what was going on out there! Sometimes one of them would come in all excited and tell me they had found a new King. Strangely it gave me a lot of pleasure that they took an interest, it has been sometime since that happened, however my youngest Suki does still get excited about a discovering a new “event.”
I think the Hawthorn is the current King of the Garden, you can’t help but notice the frothy white blossom of the Hawthorn all over West cork at the moment, it always flowers this time of year but I think it has been particularly spectacular this year, in fact it is a very good year for all types of tree blossom, the Cherry, Apple and even the Blackthorn has had a great display so far this year. I have a hedge of Blackthorn outside the Conservatory and I have trimmed it to allow the Hawthorn to rise above the hedge line. My wife thought it looked a bit odd and often said we should cut it back to go in line with the rest of the hedge but now it is tall enough to look really well and I am hoping that later in the year the red berries, which attract the small birds will also give a good display. The berries are used as a treatment for cardiovascular problems and have been found useful in treating angina, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia.
My current Queen of the Garden is our Chilean Lantern Tree (Crinodendron hookerianum). It hid behind a Blackcurrent hedge for a few years but now rises above reaching about 10 foot. It has wonderful urn like red flowers that dangle and last for a couple of months and later on the seed pods also look attractive.
The Tulips have come and gone now but their bold presence captured the prize earlier in the year, I will be lifting some of them soon as the leaves have nearly died back.
I went to visit my mum last year in Wales and met up with my nephew (also called Owen), he is a professional gardener and we spent quite some time talking plants in a way that would bore the majority of people but I found it a real bonding experience to share such a passion. He suggested that I should grow a Verbascum and showed me a picture of one. I thought it looked rather ugly and not the thought of thing that would interest me but when I visited a local walled garden with my mum later on in our visit I came across two potted Verbascums in a sale for £2 and thought “hell why not!” They made the trip back with me and I stuck them in a rocky bed near the front door. Unfortunately one of them didn’t survive after being trampled by one of my dogs but the other one seems to be on its way. The plant is a native to Greece and can grow to 5 foot with a display of yellow flowers that attracts bees. I love the furry grey covering of the stem. Owen was right this is a very exciting plant and I keep checking each day to see how tall it has got.
From the very big to the very small. I am also very excited by some seeds that are germinating in the kitchen at the moment. They are tiny but they are growing! I have been in love with a plant called Cherry Pie (Heliotrope Marine) since I first discovered it in a public park in Minehead, Somerset. One morning I was walking on my way to the local shop and cut through the park. As I walked past one of the beds I was hit by the most amazing scent. I initially thought it was coming from a nearby bakery as it was just like the smell of a freshly baked Cherry Pie. I must have looked very odd as I walked about sniffing all the flowers and eventually I came across the source, a small fairly innocuous dark green plant with short umbels of purple flowers. Whenever I am looking round garden centres I always hope to come across one of these plants and I have had some success with semi ripe cuttings but I have never managed to grow one from seed, even finding the seed has been a problem. This year I took to the internet, oh what a wonderful thing the cyber world is, I ordered some seed from the UK and tried once again but nothing came up. I took to the internet again and found a forum discussing how difficult it was to get heliotrope seeds to germinate and there were a number of suggestions. A lack of heat seemed to be my main problem, I had them under an upturned fish tank but even in the kitchen it didn’t appear to be warm enough. My wife Kate came up with the solution. Many years ago the kids gave me a pet lizard “Ziggy” for some reason, the lizard is long departed but the equipment was still stored somewhere in the house and there was a heat mat to keep the herpetarium to the correct heat. A piece of cardboard and a plug and within a couple of days tiny green shoots have started sprouting. The kids all think I’m a bit weird getting all excited about these tiny shoots and I probably am but just wait till they get a whiff of that Cherry Pie!
The sun is out and I’m inside typing, something is not quite right about that, I need to be somewhere else. See you later. | biology |
https://anestesiar.org/2022/hypothermia-management-in-a-patient-needing-urgent-surgery/ | 2023-10-01T22:51:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510941.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001205332-20231001235332-00555.warc.gz | 0.893767 | 4,027 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__32397602 | en | Vargas Caño J (1), Esnaola Iriarte B (2), Aramburu Uriarte O (2), Telletxea Benguria S (3).
(1) Resident physician Anaesthesia department, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Galdakao, Vizcaya, Spain
(2) Specialist Anaesthesia department, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Galdakao, Vizcaya, Spain
(3) Head of Service Anaesthesia department, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Galdakao, Vizcaya, Spain
The optimal target temperature for patients during the perioperative period is about 37ºC.1 Intraoperative hypothermia, defined as the core temperature below 36.0ºC during surgery, is a situation that occurs in both scheduled and urgent interventions, and it is associated with numerous deleterious clinical manifestations and worse outcomes (such as arrhythmias, altered consciousness, increased bleeding or transfusion requirements during surgery). Therefore, patients’ temperature monitoring should always be considered, and strategies should be applied to optimize the most accurate management during all anesthetic phases.
When humans are exposed to a cold environment, different mechanisms are activated. Firstly, vasoconstriction is mediated by adrenergic receptors, and behavioral changes such as using clothing and shelter to keep warm are developed. A cold stress response follows these. As a result, shivering can be present and may be an initial sign of hypothermia. However, shivering cannot be present in children, the elderly, or due to being under the effects of some drugs. Non-shivering thermogenesis is the production of metabolic heat without muscular activity. In contrast, shivering uses increased mechanical work to generate heat as a by-product, increasing muscle oxygen consumption.
Under general anesthesia this control system is severely challenged. Behavioral responses are completely abolished, and vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds decrease from 0.4 to 4.0ºC, being hemodynamics response compromised. In addition, these thresholds may be reduced even further in elderly patients.2
During winter a 75-year-old woman with a previous medical history of alcoholism, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and atrial fibrillation without anticoagulation, was found on the floor of her home with a low level of consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): 12 (E3V4M5)). A generalized body coldness was perceived by touch, although at that moment it was not granted the necessary importance. Upon arrival at the emergency department, she presented a decreased level of consciousness, GCS 10 (E2V3M5), and signs of neurological focality (mydriatic right pupil with reactivity to light, gaze deviation to the right, and left hemiplegia, and hypoesthesia). She also presented mucocutaneous pallor and shivering refractory to insulation with ultrathin reflective foil (URF). An extremely cold extremity was observed in the right lower limb, in addition to poor peripheral perfusion with cyanosis.
The first blood test showed: Creatine Phosphokinase levels of 8,626 U/L, thrombocytopenia (92 103/µL), prothrombin time: 51%, and activated partial thromboplastin time: 27 seconds.
The stroke code was activated, and a cranial CT scan was performed, showing signs of acute-subacute ischemic stroke established in the deep territory of the right middle cerebral artery. Assessed by the neurology department, it was ruled out thrombectomy and fibrinolysis due to unknown episode onset times. She was diagnosed with severe acute ischemia of the right foot after vascular surgeons’ echo-doppler examination and clinical assessment. Treatment was started with 5000 IU of intravenous sodium heparin, and an urgent thrombectomy was performed on the second and third popliteal and anterior tibial portions with intraoperative arteriography and angioplasty of the anterior tibial artery.
Due to the suspected hypothermia of the patient, active warming measures were started from the patient’s reception in the operating room, using a fluid warmer at 41ºC and placing a heating blanket up to 43ºC. General anesthesia was decided, and rapid sequence intubation was performed following: 100 mcg of fentanyl, 80 mg of propofol and 80 mg of rocuronium. Maintenance was performed using sevoflurane at 0.6 MAC. Volume-controlled ventilation was performed at 6ml/kg, calculated for an ideal weight.
The value of 18 mmHg EtCO2 obtained in the capnography after intubation, and the clinical findings of skin coldness during the physical examination, shivering and decreased level of consciousness before the intervention, led to suspect hypothermia as the first diagnosis, compatible with reduced metabolism. However, it was also compatible with the clinical situation of the stroke and her distal ischemia. That is why it was decided to monitor the temperature with the zero-heat-flux thermometer on the forehead. The initial body temperature was 29.9ºC, so an esophageal probe was placed in the distal third part of the esophagus to corroborate the value, obtaining the same temperature. The EtCO2 remained low during the surgery, but a maximum peak of 31ºC was achieved at the end, with a progressive simultaneous rise in EtCO2 of 22 mmHg.
The surgery lasted 105 minutes and the patient remained hemodynamically stable during the procedure, maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) >70 mmHg. Arterial blood sample showed: pH 7,14; pCO2: 33 mmHg; pO2 194 mmHg; bicarbonate 11 mmol/L; base excess: -16,6 mmol/L; Lactate 3,5 mmol/L; Sodium: 142 mEq/L; Potassium: 2,3 mEq/L. A 58 mEq of bicarbonate were administered.
After surgery, the patient was transferred intubated to the ICU and connected to mechanical ventilation, with peripheral saturation of 96% and MAP > 65 mmHg. The core temperature gradually increased to 33ºC in the following hours as shown in Figure 1. During the following days, she remained intubated due to a low level of consciousness in the multiple neurological examinations and bad local clinical evolution requiring rising vasopressor support. As a result of the progression of the patient’s deterioration and her general situation, an agreement was reached with the family on the adequacy of the therapeutic effort, dying at dawn on the seventh day after surgery.
Optimizing the patient’s body temperature undergoing surgery procedures requires some considerations. The knowledge of the risk factors for incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is essential: ASA grade 2-5 (the higher the grade, the greater the risk); preoperative temperature < 36ºC (and preoperative warming is not possible because of clinical urgency) and environmental cold temperature; undergoing combined general and regional anesthesia; undergoing major or intermediate surgery; at risk of cardiovascular complications; low body mass index; elderly patients (who are at more risk of any of the complications of hypothermia); and more than 30 min duration of surgery.2,3
Likewise, practical strategies to avoid hypothermia by redistribution should be implemented, avoiding the dissemination of heat flow from the central compartment to the peripheral compartment.4 Prior to surgical intervention, warming up patients leads to an increase in the temperature of the peripheral tissue, thus reducing the intercompartmental temperature gradient. Passive and active warming measures are available to optimize the patient’s normothermia. Passive insulation reduces skin heat loss by 30% with a single layer of insulation, reaching 50% with three layers.5 One resource of passive warming measures is insulation with URF. In its application, the layer is usually placed directly on the skin or clothing. If the reflective side is separated from the body surface, there is a trapped air layer between them where air bubbles are warmed by radiation. Strategies such as the hypothermia wrap can be useful and can be trained by emergency personnel. The air volume trapped and the thickness of their layers, the body coverture, the accumulated humidity in the indoor part of the foil, creases, or defects in the foil can reduce the URF effectivity.6 Active rewarming devices are relevant in maintaining normothermia,5 highlighting the two main groups most commonly used: skin surface warming devices and fluid warming devices (although there are more: ECMO, cavity rewarming, dialysis, continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration…). Active external and internal rewarming devices are garments that provide heat by different systems with comparable efficiency: resistive warming, circulating water warming, and forced air warming7 (the latter being the most widely used and can increase body temperature average up to 0.5-4ºC/hour).8 Active fluid warming devices, though they are not used to increase body temperature, play a role during maintenance, especially in patients with high volume requirements (>1000 mL/h). In the case of our patient, despite the absence of initial temperature measurement, passive isolation began in the emergency department. At the same time, measures of active warming by forced air and fluid heating were applied in the operating room, managing to increase the patient’s temperature > 1ºC during the intraoperative time despite the general anesthesia.
Hypothermia during anesthesia develops a typically triphasic pattern. The first phase is mainly determined by the vasodilation induced by general anesthesia since inhibiting thermoregulation at the central level reduces the vasoconstriction and shivering threshold. Furthermore, most anesthetic agents induce direct peripheral vasodilation, facilitating hypothermia by redistribution. The hypothalamus and the spinal cord are affected by volatile anesthetics primarily in a nonlinear, concentration-dependent manner. Propofol reduces the core temperature in a linear, concentration-dependent way.9 Roth et al. investigated different alternative inductions that caused a lower decrease in core temperature. Administration of 160 µg phenylephrine immediately prior to induction with propofol at 2.2 mg/kg (by antagonizing propofol-induced vasodilation) or inhalation inductions with Sevoflurane (because they did not involve as much vasodilation, with a mean thermal advantage of 0.4-0.5ºC) achieve better results than intravenous inductions with propofol alone. Inductions with propofol can cause a rapid drop in core temperature up to 1.5°C.10 Opioids attenuate thermoregulation concentration-dependently but differ in the incidence of postoperative shivering. Ketamine seems to have the most negligible influence on thermoregulation because it maintains the peripheral vascular tone and therefore limits the magnitude of blood redistribution.9 Muscle relaxants do not pass the blood-brain barrier and therefore have no effect on thermoregulation,9 but their effect may prolong because of several reasons, including changes in the volume of distribution, altered local diffusion receptor affinity, changes in pH at the neuromuscular junction, and the net effect of cooling on the various components of neuromuscular transmission.11 An example is the doubling of the action time of vecuronium when the core temperature decreases by 2ºC.5
In the second phase, the hypothermic curve follows a slight decrease in central temperature due to the mechanisms of radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation exceeding heat production. Active rewarming measures are most effective in this period.4
In the third phase, which is generally reached at 34.5ºC, the core temperature does not usually decrease, since the arteriovenous bypass vasoconstriction effectively retains metabolic heat in the central tissues.7 Currently, there are different devices available to measure temperature, but the most important consideration is the site that produces either a direct measurement of core temperature or a direct estimate of core temperature. These sites are pulmonary artery catheter, distal esophagus, urinary bladder, zero heat-flux (deep forehead), sublingual, axilla and rectum.3 Zero-heat-flux thermometers provide a non-invasive method for estimating tissue temperatures.9 During periods of slow temperature changes – which involve the majority of patients undergoing surgery – biases and limits of agreement of the zero-heat-flux method were equal to 0.1±0.5ºC and -0.1±0.4ºC compared with the esophageal probe and the arterial catheter, respectively.12 However, most of the studies using this device are performed considering a stable blood flow. Critical situations such as acute hemorrhage can produce false values and further studies in these situations are required.
Hypothermia leads to potential adverse consequences. The association between hypothermia and surgical site infection is a matter of debate.13 Classically, perioperative hypothermia affects the host’s defense against contamination via at least three mechanisms. First, perioperative hypothermia triggers postoperative vasoconstriction to constrain metabolic heat to the core and speed rewarm.5,11 As a consequence, tissue oxygen partial pressure drops, which is especially important, as oxidative killing by neutrophils mostly relies on molecular oxygen. Second, perioperative hypothermia reduces systemic immune activation, including T-cell-mediated antibody production, and decreases the motility of key cells, including macrophages.5,11 Third, vasoconstriction-induced tissue hypoxia impairs tissue healing and protein metabolism, which are important to prevent wound dehiscence and recontamination.7
Perioperative hypothermia increases intraoperative bleeding (>16%) and the transfusion requirements (>22%).14 Although platelet counts can be stable or decreased by temperature, perioperative hypothermia affects platelet function because of the reversible impairment of platelet aggregation via reduced release of thromboxane A2. In addition, perioperative hypothermia impairs the function of several enzymes of the coagulation cascade and finally reduces clot formation.11
Shivering is an autonomic thermoregulatory response defined as a rhythmic involuntary muscular activity and can be a physiological response to hypothermia. The goal of postoperative shivering is to produce heat to restore normothermia, but, on average, it increases oxygen consumption by approximately 40%. Consequently, this reaction is associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality.11 Furthermore, this oxygen consumption and hypothermia could cause heart complications. Shivering can be absent in different extremes of life and due to drug interaction, such as pethidine or clonidine.
Awareness of hypothermia risks during perioperative hypothermia must be vital in all anesthetic procedures. This case reflects the importance of prompt identification of hypothermia. In addition, early-onset measures avoiding clinical deterioration by hypothermia pathophysiology play a crucial role during all the anesthesia phases. Perioperative hypothermia increases patients’ morbidity, hospitality length of stay, blood loss, and transfusion risk; therefore, every anesthesiologist should always consider it.
The present investigation has not received specific aid from agencies of the public sector, commercial sector, or non-profit entities.
Conflict of interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
1. Zaballos Bustingorri JM, Campos Suárez JM. Hipotermia intraoperatoria no terapéutica: prevención y tratamiento (parte II). Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2003;50(4):197-208 (HTML)
2. Riley C, Andrzejowski J. Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. BJA Educ. 2018;18(8):227-233. (PubMed)
3. Hypothermia: prevention and management in adults having surgery. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); December 2016. (PubMed)
4. Baptista W, Rando K, Zunini G. Hipotermia perioperatoria. Anest Analg Reanim 2010; 23(2):24-38. (HTML)
5. Sessler DI. Complications and Treatment of Mild Hypothermia. Anesthesiology 2001; 95(2):531-543. (PubMed)
6. Kosiński S, Podsiadło P, Darocha T, et al. Prehospital Use of Ultrathin Reflective Foils. Wilderness Environ Med. 2022;33(1):134-139. (HTML)
7. Sessler DI. Perioperative temperature management. In: Nussmeier AN, Joshi GP, ed. UpToDate, Waltham, MA. 2020. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/perioperative-temperature-management. Accessed November 20, 2021. (HTML)
8. Paal P, Gordon L, Strapazzon G, et al. Accidental hypothermia-an update: The content of this review is endorsed by the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MEDCOM). Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24(1):111. (PubMed)
9. Rauch S, Miller C, Bräuer A, Wallner B, Bock M, Paal P. Perioperative Hypothermia-A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8749. (PubMed)
10. Roth JV, Braitman LE, Hunt LH. Induction techniques that reduce redistribution hypothermia: a prospective, randomized, controlled, single blind effectiveness study [published correction appears in BMC Anesthesiol. 2021 Apr 12;21(1):112]. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019;19(1):203. (PMC)
11. Ruetzler K, Kurz A. Consequences of perioperative hypothermia. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;157:687-697. (PubMed)
12. Boisson M, Alaux A, Kerforne T, et al. Intra-operative cutaneous temperature monitoring with zero-heat-flux technique (3M SpotOn) in comparison with oesophageal and arterial temperature: A prospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(11):825-830. (HTML)
13. Bu N, Zhao E, Gao Y, et al. Association between perioperative hypothermia and surgical site infection: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(6):e14392. (PMC)
14. Rajagopalan S, Mascha E, Na J, Sessler DI. The effects of mild perioperative hypothermia on blood loss and transfusion requirement. Anesthesiology. 2008;108(1):71-77. (PubMed) | biology |
https://www.usnewsrank.com/business-news/eisai-starts-phase-3-trials-for-second-alzheimers-drug-after-firsts-failure/ | 2020-10-27T08:56:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107893845.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20201027082056-20201027112056-00104.warc.gz | 0.939583 | 337 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__168170398 | en | Eisai and Biogen were jointly developing three experimental drugs for Alzheimer’s: aducanumab, BAN2401 and elenbecestat, all designed to target the brain-destroying protein beta amyloid.
“As we have believed aducanumab was the best hope for treating Alzheimer’s, ending its trials is big negative surprise,” said analyst Motoya Kohtani at Nomura Securities.
BAN2401 has been met with skepticism since the partners reported promising but confusing 18-month results in July. Yet Eisai remains confident in its continued development.
“We still believe that amyloid beta hypothesis is potentially the right approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease,” an Eisai spokesman told Reuters.
Eisai will conduct phase 3 trials of BAN2401 involving 1,566 patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia with confirmed amyloid accumulation.
Alzheimer’s treatments are known as being particularly difficult to develop, as both diagnosis and the recruitment of appropriate trial participants are challenging.
From 1998 through 2017, only four treatments have been approved with another 146 attempts resulting in failure, according to the Adis R&D Insight database.
Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia. In Japan, the government estimates there will be 7 million dementia sufferers in 2025, from 4.6 million in 2012.
The post Eisai starts phase 3 trials for second Alzheimer’s drug after first’s failure appeared first on USNewsRank. | biology |
https://sierraleadership.com/2012/02/19/exercise-for-more-brain-power/ | 2023-12-04T10:52:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100527.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204083733-20231204113733-00277.warc.gz | 0.951343 | 606 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__61848126 | en | I’m currently reading Brain Rules by John Medina. It’s one of a number of popular books on brain science that have striking relevance to leadership, and to modern life. Here are a few ideas that really struck me:
Research shows that people perform better cognitively when they exercise on a regular basis. There is a simple biological reason for this: exercise makes it easier for critical resources to get to our brains, and for waste products to be removed. Our brains make very heavy demands for glucose and oxygen that provide the energy needed to perform cognitive tasks, and the disposal service to remove the toxins that brain work creates. While our brains account for only 2% of our body weight, they can use 20% of our available energy. And all these resources travel through just one primary set of roads–blood vessels. Regular exercise improves blood flow to and from our brains, improving the delivery system in and out of our brains for glucose, oxygen, and waste products. Medina uses the metaphor of changing from dirt roads to paved roads–exercise vastly improves the brain’s access to what it needs for peak performance.
There’s also an evolutionary explanation of why our brains do better when our bodies are active: we evolved “in motion.” Until only very recently in our history, humans lived our lives mostly outdoors and our survival demanded that we constantly move our bodies. We had to hunt, plant, reap, run away. In other words, the very design of our bodies and brains evolved in a context of high activity. We are meant for that. One statistic Medina sites is that for a significant part of our evolution we were moving on average 12 miles a day. And while our lives have changed enormously in the past century, with many people living sedentary lives, the basic design of our bodies and brains, which evolved over millions and millions of years, hasn’t changed. To get the best from our brains, we need to use our bodies more like our ancestors did.
The positive impact of exercise on brain function goes well beyond “thinking.” Exercise helps ward off dementia and Alzheimer’s, it improves mood and decreases depression, and it makes other positive brain changes that impact a vast number of function and quality of life issues.
Beyond exercise, other self-care issues also have a huge impact on brain function and hence leadership effectiveness. Taking breaks, getting into the sunshine, getting a good night sleep, self-awareness of one’s moment-to-moment thoughts and feelings, and being in the midst of positive relationships–all of these enhance mental function. Viewing this through the lens of leadership and organizational effectiveness, it becomes obvious that we need to change a lot about how we do business. Grueling, long hours with no time for rest and exercise is self-defeating. If the goal is productivity, innovation and success, we have to take more seriously what science is teaching us about the human brain. | biology |
https://catalog.umd.umich.edu/undergraduate/college-arts-sciences-letters/biochemistry/ | 2023-10-05T02:10:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511717.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20231005012006-20231005042006-00734.warc.gz | 0.876873 | 3,549 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__229384816 | en | This degree program is designed to provide the student with an understanding of the structural and functional relationships between the chemical constituents of cells and their roles in life processes. The requirements include courses in biological sciences and chemistry, and appropriate courses in mathematics and physics. The degree in biochemistry prepares a student for careers in industry, medicine, teaching and research.
In addition to the major requirements, students must complete all CASL Degree Requirements.
Prerequisites to the Major
A solid background in mathematics is essential to success in any of the scientific disciplines. Incoming students who intend to choose a major in Biochemistry should have completed at least three years of high school mathematics. First year students should plan to enroll in MATH 105, MATH 115 or MATH 116 based on the results of their math placement tests. The CHEM 134 and CHEM 136 or CHEM 144 and CHEM 146 sequence is a prerequisite to many other courses in the Natural Sciences Department; students should complete this sequence as early as possible.
|BCHM 210||Biochemistry Laboratory Techniques||2|
& BIOL 140
|Intro Org and Environ Biology|
and Intro Molec & Cellular Biology
|Select one of the following:||8|
|General Chemistry IA|
and General Chemistry IIA
|Gen Chemistry IB|
and General Chemistry IIB
& CHEM 226
& CHEM 227
|Organic Chemistry I|
and Organic Chemistry II
and Organic Chemistry Laboratory
& MATH 116
and Calculus II
|Select one of the following:||8|
|General Physics I|
and General Physics II
|Introductory Physics I|
and Introductory Physics II
|Total Credit Hours||42|
|Biochemistry Laboratory I|
|Biochemistry Laboratory II|
|Complex Systems (Biochemistry Capstone)|
|Physical Chemistry I|
|Any BCHM upper level courses (excluding BCHM 495, BCHM 498, and BCHM 499)|
|Select one of the following:|
|Applied Statistics I|
|Other Science Elective 1||3|
|Any upper level BCHM, BIOL, CHEM, MICR, PHYS courses (excluding BIOL 494, BIOL 495, BIOL 498, BIOL 499, BCHM 370, BCHM 495, BCHM 498, BCHM 499, CHEM 495, CHEM 498, CHEM 499, MICR 495, MICR 498, MICR 499, PHYS 495, PHYS 498, PHYS 499).|
|Total Credit Hours||30-31|
Elective credits needed may vary depending on biochemistry electives credits and statistics credits completed.
- A maximum of 65 hrs. in BCHM, BIOL, CHEM may count towards the 120 hours for degree.
- At least 20 of the 30 upper level hours must be elected at UM-Dearborn.
- A maximum of 6 hrs. of independent study/research in any Dept. of Natural Sciences discipline may count towards the 120 hours required to graduate.
- BCHM 370 cannot be used in the major.
Honors Designation in Biochemistry
The Biochemistry program seeks to recognize exceptional biochemistry majors who are exemplary in coursework and productive in research.
Honors in Biochemistry will be earned by meeting all of the following criteria:
- cumulative GPA of 3.5 or higher in Biochemistry courses
- cumulative GPA of 3.3 or higher in all university courses
- completion of a minimum of 6 six credit hours of Independent/Directed Research (BCHM 495/498/ 499), spread over 2 or more years, under the supervision of one principal investigator, who will serve as thesis advisor. This research must have a biochemical (broadly defined) focus.
- presentation of the research in a public forum (e.g. scientific meeting, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters (CASL) Research Day, Department of Natural Sciences Poster Day)
- completion of a thesis-like document that thoroughly describes the background, experimental design, methodology and discussion of data generated in the context of the scientific literature.
- defense of the research thesis before a committee of four faculty: the thesis advisor, two full time Faculty from the Biochemistry program committee and one external member of the student’s choosing. The defense should be held a minimum of 2 weeks prior to the final-exams week of the semester in which the student is graduating. The committee must be provided with a draft of the thesis one week prior to the defense.
In order to be considered for Honors in Biochemistry, a student must complete and submit an honors application to the Biochemistry Program committee Chair via his/her advisor no later than the end of the term prior to graduation.
Minor or Integrative Studies Concentration Requirements
A minor or concentration consists of 12 credit hours of upper-level courses in biochemistry (BCHM) from the following:
Required: BCHM 370 or BCHM 470 and BCHM 471
Additional biochemistry (BCHM) courses: 6-9 credits BCHM to equal 12 credits total.
If BCHM 370 is completed, BCHM 470 and BCHM 471 cannot be used in the minor/concentration. If BCHM 470 and BCHM 471 is completed, BCHM 370 cannot be used in the minor/concentration.
At least 9 of the 12 credits must be elected at UM-Dearborn.
- A minimum GPA of 2.0 is required for the minor/concentration. The GPA is based on all coursework required within the minor (excluding prerequisites).
- A minimum of 9 credits must be completed at UM-Dearborn for a 12 credit minor/concentration.
- A minimum of 12 credits must be completed at UM-Dearborn for a 15 or more credit minor/concentration.
- Courses within a minor/concentration cannot be taken as Pass/Fail (P/F)
- Only 3 credit hours of independent study or internship may be used to fulfill the requirements for a 12 credit hour minor/concentration. Only 6 credit hours of such credit may be used in a 15 or more credit hour minor/concentration.
- Minors requiring 12 credits may share one course with a major. Minors requiring 15 credits or more may share two courses with a major. This does not apply to concentrations for the Integrative Studies major.
- Demonstrate an understanding of the underlying laws of Chemistry, Biology and Physics and their applications to organisms.
- Demonstrate proficient knowledge of the biochemical reactions that sustain life.
- Demonstrate an understanding of how biochemical reactions are regulated and integrated, and the flux and exchange of energy and matter between organisms and their surroundings.
- Understand the biochemical foundations for the unity and the diversity of the living organisms.
- Understand and employ the methods and techniques of biochemical research.
- Understand how to analyze, interpret and communicate biochemical data.
- Possess the skills and knowledge to collaborate with researchers in related and interdisciplinary fields.
BCHM 113 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Culture and Practice 3 Credit Hours
Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used for thousands of years to treat illness, create aromatic atmospheres, enhance food flavors, and in ritual ceremonies. Recently, use of plants as alternative therapy has increased in medical practices leading to initiatives to regulate and assess their safety and effectiveness. This course is designed for students interested in health-related careers, food, culture and nutrition. The course explores the history, cultural practices, everyday use, and current research on medicinal and aromatic plants. (YR).
BCHM 210 Biochemistry Laboratory Techniques 2 Credit Hours
Biochemical Laboratory Techniques in an introduction to the equipment, procedures, and concepts used in the biochemistry laboratory. The class will cover topics such as scientific literature, keeping a laboratory notebook, statistical analysis and computer programs, as they relate to biochemistry. (W,YR)
Can enroll if Major is Biochemistry
BCHM 352 Introduction to Toxicology 3 Credit Hours
An introduction to the principles of toxicology with an emphasis on environmental toxicology. Major topics include toxic agents, toxicological mechanisms, and use of toxicological reference literature. Discussion of chemical carcinogenesis, genetic toxicology, immunotoxicology, teratology, and toxic responses of the skin, eyes, and nervous system. Three hours lecture. (AY).
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 225
BCHM 370 Principles of Biochemistry 3 Credit Hours
A concise but comprehensive survey of various areas of biochemistry designed for non-biochemistry majors. The course follows the standard approach to the subject including a description of cells, their structure and constituent macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids), enzymology, bioenergetics, intermediary metabolism, and gene regulation. Students cannot take both Biochemistry 370 and 470 or 471 for any combination of concentration, cognate or minor requirement. Three hours lecture. (F).
BCHM 390 Current Topics in Biochemistry 1 to 3 Credit Hours
Special topics current to the field of biochemistry. Topics and format for the course may vary. See Schedule of Classes for current topic. Permission of instructor. (OC).
BCHM 404 Mech. Chronic Human Disease 3 Credit Hours
This course focuses on the biochemical, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the progression of chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Techniques in epidemiology, pathology, genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry are used to understand how relevant physiological processes become pathological. The examination of chronic diseases provides an opportunity to understand biological processes across many scales of life, from extracellular matrix proteins to cells in blood vessel walls to risk factors in patient populations to the pharmacology of treatments. Use of primary literature is emphasized. Three hour lecture.
Can enroll if Class is Junior or Senior
BCHM 413 Extraction, purification, and characterization of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3 Credit Hours
Students will learn the techniques behind essential oil extraction and the biological uses of medicinal plants. Independent work throughout the semester will allow students to grow, extract, and analyze an oil from a medicinal plant of their choosing. Through working in groups, students will collaboratively produce a final product of diffusing oils, candles, or soaps with aromatherapy uses. Uses and case studies throughout the semester will appeal to the pre-health student interested in learning about holistic medicine while manufacturing techniques and discussions will interest scientists with an industrial career outlook. (W).
BCHM 430 Bioinorganic Chemistry 3 Credit Hours
This course examines the roles that metals play in biological systems, including the chemical principles that make metal ions well-suited for roles in protein structure, in redox catalysis and in acid base chemistry. The physical and experimental techniques that are applied to explore the structure and function of metals systems will be introduced using case studies from the primary scientific literature in the field. BCHM 370 or its equivalent are strongly recommended but not required.
BCHM 470 Biochemistry I 3 Credit Hours
Life processes from a chemical viewpoint: structure/function relationships of biomolecules with emphasis on proteins, enzyme kinetics, and mechanisms of action. Three hours lecture. (W).
BCHM 471 Biochemistry II 3 Credit Hours
Intermediary metabolism, bioenergetics, energy transformation, metabolic interrelationships, biochemical regulation, highly structured subcellular biochemical systems. Three hours lecture. (W).
BCHM 472 Biochemistry Laboratory I 1 Credit Hour
The techniques of preparative and analytical biochemistry. Preparation and characterization of proteins and nucleic acids. Physical and chemical properties of proteins and nucleic acids. Four hours laboratory. CHEM 344 Recommended. (F).
BCHM 473 Biochemistry Laboratory II 1 Credit Hour
The techniques of preparative and analytical biochemistry. Preparation and characterization of lipids and carbohydrates. Methods in metabolism. Four hours laboratory. (W).
BCHM 474 Molecular Biology 4 Credit Hours
This course will emphasize the molecular biology of eukaryotes, and topics will include genome organization and complexity, chromatin structure and function, gene expression, DNA replication and repair, genetic rearrangements, and the molecular biology of development. The laboratory will emphasize the application of recombinant DNA technology to the study of biological problems. Three hours lecture, four hours laboratory. (W).
Corequisite(s): BCHM 474L
BCHM 480 Biochemical Pharmacology 3 Credit Hours
Pharmacology is a study of drugs. In this course, the biochemical and molecular basis of drug action will be emphasized. Different categories of drugs, their use, abuse, and side effects will be presented. Three hours lecture. Permission of instructor. (OC).
BCHM 485 Nutrition and Metabolism 3 Credit Hours
Full Course Title: The Biochemistry of Human Nutrition and Metabolism Human Nutrition and Metabolism is an introduction to the relationship between food and nutrients, and their integration in the metabolic pathways. An understanding of the molecular basis of nutrition, related diseases, and overall health will be built on previous knowledge of cell biology and biochemistry. (AY)
BCHM 490 Topics in Biochemistry 1 to 3 Credit Hours
A course in special topics that examines research problems of current interest in biochemistry. Topics and format may vary. See current Schedule of Classes. One to three hours seminar. (W).
BCHM 495 Off-Campus Research in Biochem 1 to 3 Credit Hours
Participation in ongoing research at an off-campus laboratory. No more than 6 hours combined from any Natural Science courses numbered 495, 498, and 499 may be credited toward the 120 hours required for a degree. Four to twelve hours laboratory. Permission of concentration advisor. (F,W,S).
BCHM 496 Complex Systems 3 Credit Hours
Full Title: Biochemistry Capstone: Complex systems in Biochemistry A complex system is defined as a system featuring a large number of interacting variables whose combined activity is non-linear and whose seemingly random behavior leads to self-organization. Current topics ** are used to explore how complex systems function in biology. All reading material in the class are taken from the scientific literature giving students a chance to become familiar with how biochemists convey ideas and report their findings. Each student will present a paper to the class to demonstrate the ability to communicate concepts of Biochemistry effectively. Students will also learn the process of proposal writing and will have the opportunity to research and write their own proposal and have it peer-reviewed by their classmates. **The topics for this course will change each year, depending on the instructor, and the focus of current advances in Biochemistry/Complex systems. (W,YR)
Can enroll if Class is Senior
BCHM 497 Seminar in Biochemistry 1 Credit Hour
A seminar course that examines research problems of current interest in biochemistry. The course format may include training students to read and present scientific papers, guest lecturers, and lectures by the instructor on a selected topic. One hour seminar. Permission of instructor. (W).
BCHM 498 Directed Reading in Biochem 1 to 3 Credit Hours
Library research in a specific area of biochemistry performed under the direction of a faculty member. No more than six hours combined from departmental courses numbered 495, 498, and 499 may be credited toward the 120 hours required for a degree. Four to twelve hours readings. Permission of instructor. (F,W,S).
BCHM 499 Laboratory Research in Biochem 1 to 3 Credit Hours
Directed laboratory research performed under the supervision of a faculty member. Research training is encouraged. No more than six hours combined from departmental courses numbered 495, 498, and 499 may be credited toward the 120 hours required for graduation. Four to twelve hours laboratory. Permission of instructor. (F,W,S).
*An asterisk denotes that a course may be taken concurrently.
Frequency of Offering
The following abbreviations are used to denote the frequency of offering: (F) fall term; (W) winter term; (S) summer term; (F, W) fall and winter terms; (YR) once a year; (AY) alternating years; (OC) offered occasionally | biology |
http://www.chlamydia.com/Chlamydia%20Trachomatis/RelatedToArticle/ | 2013-05-21T22:23:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700795821/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103955-00020-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.922385 | 456 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__66355121 | en | Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection triggered by a bacterium called "Chlamydia trachomatis". This very bacterium not just infects the reproductive organs but could even infect the urinary tract as well as eyes and throat.
The bacteria resulting in Chlamydia can be transmitted by way of oral, anal or vaginal sex. An unborn kid might acquire this illness during vaginal birth. In the recent years the count of humans infected from Chlamydia have amplified manifold making it the most extensive sexually spread disease among the teenagers and youngsters.
If a woman is struggling with Chlamydia, she is most liable to experience itching in the vagina, vaginal discharge, urination along with burning sensation, painful sex, bleeding between menstrual periods, swelling in the rectum and the lining of the eye, nausea, fever and pain. A man afflicted with this may have penile discharge, urination accompanied with burning sensation, irritation at the opening of the penis, inflammation in the testicles, rectum and lining of the eye.
Chlamydia is also called "silent epidemic" because in majority the cases, i.e. 75% in women and 50% in men, Chlamydia will not reveal any indications. This makes its detection not easy.
Successful antibiotics for Chlamydia are commonly accessible. Azithromycin and doxycycline are 2 best and commonly used antibiotics for Chlamydia. Single dose of Azithromycin is used in the cure. Though, if doxycycline is being administered for the cure, then it will have week long dosage schedule.
These two antibiotics have proved to be helpful in the most severe persistent cases too. Erythromycin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin are a few other alternate antibiotics for Chlamydia. Erythromycin and amoxicillin are the 2 antibiotics found safe for expectant females too.
Chlamydia can be prevented by using condoms, not having multiple partners and by abstaining sex with infected persons. Sex education must ideally be given to teenagers and youngsters to get them alert about the sexually transmitted illness, how they are triggered, their prevention, symptoms and the cure available for these. | biology |
https://www.prevor.com/en/hf-burns/ | 2023-12-01T20:50:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100304.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201183432-20231201213432-00743.warc.gz | 0.879012 | 401 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__169067998 | en | Mechanism and specificities of hydrofluoric acid burns (HF burns)
How does hydrofluoric acid present a specific hazard ?
Hydrofluoric acid has a dual action
- a corrosive action due to the acid ions (H+), which can damage the superficial tissues (such as corneal epithelium or epidermis),
- a toxic action due to the F– ions, which can deeply penetrate thanks to the acid destruction of the superficial layers of the skin or the eye, and can chelate calcium and thus disturb the biological balances, which leads to more or less deep physiological disorders.
By definition, fluorides in acidic medium (such as boron trifluoride, for instance) carry the same kind of hazard.
Advantages of an active rinsing with the HEXAFLUORINE® solution
Because of this specific hazard and in addition to its sweeping effect, an efficient rinsing must quickly and simultaneously
- stop the further spread of the aggressive agent that has yet penetrated into the tissues
- remove the chemical thanks to the flow of osmotic pressures
- absorb all the aggressive potential of the chemical product (H+ et F– )
These three properties define the concept of active rinsing.
For decontamination to be optimal, the three above criteria must be gathered.
Today the HEXAFLUORINE® solution is the only solution that contains a molecule meeting such requirements worldwide.
- Mechanism of the chemical burn and creation of the chemical injury
- Mechanism and specificities of hydrofluoric acid burns
- Worsening factors of the chemical burn
- Summary of the Chemical Burn
- Rinsing instructions of chemical burns with DIPHOTERINE® and HEXAFLUORINE® solutions
- Fluoride ions in acidic medium- corrosive and toxic like hydrofluoric acid, a danger to be considered | biology |
http://cromartylighthouse.org/ | 2024-02-27T01:09:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474669.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226225941-20240227015941-00055.warc.gz | 0.943305 | 415 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__187848223 | en | If you’d like learn more about and help with our bottlenose dolphin photo-identification research please register below. You’ll assist the research by grading our bottlenose dolphin pictures for quality using a simple step-by-step guide. Grading ensures only the best pictures are chosen, so we correctly identify each individual dolphin. By crowdsourcing this research, photos can be graded for quality faster and more effectively.
Our bottlenose dolphin photo-identification project began in 1989 and is the longest running individual based study of bottlenose dolphins in the UK, and one of the longest in the world. We take photographs of the bottlenose dolphins on the east coast of Scotland each summer. Using the natural marks (nicks and tooth rakes) on the dolphins’ dorsal fins we can identify the individuals and keep track of their movements, how many there are, the number of calves they have and lots more about the dolphins’ ecology and biology.
These are an example of some of our photos. The first is of #11 Muddy who was born in 1988. Next is her mum #9 Guinness who we still see today! Muddy has had 6 calves, who we all still see, the first when she was 14 years old. Her second calf is #1024 Murky who was born in 2007. In 2015 Murky had her own calf, #1200, who is our second 4th generation calf.
Most of our work is in the Moray Firth Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and our main research goal is to support conservation and management of the east coast Scotland population. This SAC is one of only three in the UK and we are tasked by Scottish Natural Heritage to monitor and provide regular conservation status updates. To find out more go to www.abdn.ac.uk/lighthouse.
To REGISTER please click here and then LOG IN with your e-mail address and password below to get started.
If you have already been registered, log in below. | biology |
https://www.strathpineflorist.com.au/blog/kokedama-care-guide-/ | 2021-01-21T17:34:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703527224.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121163356-20210121193356-00057.warc.gz | 0.886588 | 139 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__39343819 | en | Kokedama Care Guide
Published: Thursday 4 July 2019
Kokedama (in English, literally means "moss ball"). They are a ball of soil, covered with moss or fibre, on which an ornamental plant grows.
TIPS & TRICKS
- On Watering: submerge into a bucket or sink of water for 1-2 minutes, until the bubbles stop. Remove from water and drain. Put back into hanger. Repeat this once a week.
- On Maintenance: Remove dead leaves by cutting close to the base of the plant. When the plant out grows its casing, remove basket fibre & string and replant into a pot or garden. | biology |
https://www.cn-brush.cn/Do-You-Use-the-Brooms-and-Mops-Correctly-id3263225.html | 2023-02-06T06:32:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500304.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206051215-20230206081215-00393.warc.gz | 0.952366 | 983 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__211559105 | en | Views: 55 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2019-05-27 Origin: Site
In the daily life, especially when we clean the house, we use brooms and mops. Most of us regard brooms and mops as very common daily necessities that can help our homes become cleaner, however they may be also the items which are most easily affected by bacteria.
How many brooms are there in your house? Does each room have its own broom, or does the whole family use one? Maybe the broom in our house looks clean, but you know, the amount of dandruff and dust mites hidden in our hair and body actually exceeds your imagination. When we feel that there is dust in the house and we need to clean it with a broom, it seems to make the house cleaner, but what you ignore is that the dust in the room will become thicker because of the the air in the whole room became more turbid during cleaning.
As such a common household cleaning item in our life, after we clean the floor with a broom, the whole interior looks neat and orderly. But you will also notice that there is a lot of dust in the air after sweeping the floor with a broom. These dust clouds contain a lot of bacteria, which can easily cause people to breathe poorly and easily cause infection.
Although our human nasal cavity has a certain barrier function to dust and bacteria, the bacteria and microorganisms that can be removed from the nasal cavity are also limited. Generally speaking, the dust and smaller particles larger than 10 microns can be blocked off from the nasal cavity, others tiny dust inhales directly into our respiratory system, which may cause a lot of inflammation in the respiratory tract, or even asthma over time. When these tiny dust invade the body, they deposit in the alveoli of the lungs, gradually causing symptoms such as bronchitis.
The mop is much more prone to breeding bacteria. People usually use a broom to remove the floating ashes and then drag the floor of the whole house with a mop. Most of the dust removed by broomsticks is dry dust, and mops are attached to many harmful bacteria, which is hard to remove. After mopping the ground with a mop, many of harmful bacteria attached to the mop are taken with it from outside to our homes. What's more, the mop is moist in most time, which is very helpful for the reproduction and growth of these bacteria.
Common bacteria that are easily attached to mops, including E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella, etc., which may even be fatal to some children and older people with weak resistance. You may be confused, if the mop used to clean up the house is so dangerous, how should the sanitation of the home be handled? Actually，as long as you use the the brooms and mops in the correct methods, it will be much safer and cleaner.
1.You should have more than one brooms in our house. It's best to use a broom alone in each room for individual use. This can effectively prevent the spread of bacteria in different rooms.
2. When sweeping the floor, we can put the old stockings on the broom and clean the floor. Because stockings are prone to static electricity, the hair and dust on the ground can easily stick to the surface of stockings when sweeping the floor. After cleaning the floor, you can throw away the stockings on the broom directly.
3. Generally speaking, after using the plastic brooms, you can simply rinse them with water, and then leave the broom in the sun for a period of time until it is dry. This process can reduce most of the bacteria attached to the brooms.
4. Clean brooms thoroughly and regularly. The way to wash a broom is to add some bleaching powder to the water. The ratio is about 1:100.
5. When mopping the ground, some low concentration bleaching agent or potassium Permanganate can be sprayed on the ground. This will kill most of the bacteria on the ground during the mopping process, and it can effectively prevent most bacteria from sticking to the mop.
6. After using the mop, wash the mop thoroughly with clean water, and then put it in the sun. The area is exposed to dry conditions in order to effectively prevent bacteria from being contaminated on mops for reproduction.
7. Don't put used mops in the corner of the bathroom. The environment of the bathroom itself is humid and warm, which is easy to breed bacteria.
Broomsticks and mops are important daily necessities for household cleaning. Everyone hopes that the family's living environment is cleaner and more comfortable. So don't ignore the cleaning of the cleaning tools. | biology |
https://au.worldtrendnow.com/the-berberine-revolution-down-under-unveiling-australias-best-berberine-supplement-brands-in-2023/ | 2024-04-18T22:55:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817249.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418222029-20240419012029-00855.warc.gz | 0.927066 | 1,110 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__175194194 | en | - The Health Benefits of Berberine Supplements in Australia
- You might want to read !
The Health Benefits of Berberine Supplements in Australia
In recent years, there has been significant growth in the popularity of natural remedies and alternative medicines for maintaining and improving health. One such herbal supplement that has gained attention is berberine. Berberine is a compound found in various plants and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Its potential health benefits have led to the emergence of numerous supplement brands in Australia, catering to those seeking holistic health and wellness solutions. This report aims to explore the evidence behind the health benefits of berberine, its potential applications in Australia, and provide an analysis of the supplement market.
The Health Benefits of Berberine
Berberine has been extensively studied for its various health properties. Research suggests that berberine may have positive effects on several aspects of health, including:
1. Blood Sugar Control
Studies have shown that berberine may help regulate blood sugar levels. It is believed that berberine activates an enzyme called AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. By activating this enzyme, berberine can enhance insulin sensitivity and promote the uptake of glucose into cells. This could potentially benefit individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing the condition.
2. Cholesterol Management
Berberine has also been studied for its potential to lower cholesterol levels. Research indicates that berberine can reduce total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. These effects make berberine a promising natural alternative for managing cholesterol, particularly for individuals who cannot tolerate or prefer to avoid statin medications.
3. Gut Health
The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in overall health and well-being. Preliminary studies suggest that berberine may have antimicrobial properties, which can help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria. Additionally, berberine has been shown to reduce inflammation in the gut and improve digestive function. These effects make it a promising supplement for individuals with conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
4. Weight Management
Obesity is a significant health concern globally, including in Australia. Berberine has shown potential in aiding weight management by increasing fat breakdown and reducing fat storage. Animal studies have demonstrated that berberine can activate brown adipose tissue, which is responsible for burning calories to generate heat. Human studies have also shown promising results, with berberine supplementation leading to significant weight loss in overweight individuals.
The Australian Supplement Market
The growing interest in natural remedies and alternative medicines has led to a boom in the Australian supplement market. Numerous brands now offer berberine supplements, catering to those seeking holistic health solutions outside traditional pharmaceuticals. It is essential, however, for consumers to exercise caution and consider the quality and reliability of the brands they choose.
When selecting a berberine supplement, consumers should keep the following factors in mind:
1. Quality Assurance
Ensure that the supplement brand adheres to high-quality standards and has obtained necessary certifications. Look for products that are tested for purity, potency, and safety by third-party organizations. This helps guarantee the authenticity and reliability of the supplement.
2. Transparency in Ingredients
Review the ingredient list provided by the brand. Ensure that the main active ingredient is berberine and that it is present in an adequate dosage. Avoid brands that use unnecessary fillers, additives, or artificial ingredients.
3. Reputation and Customer Reviews
Research the reputation of the brand and read customer reviews to gain insights into the effectiveness and overall experience of using the berberine supplement. Look for brands with positive reviews and a loyal customer base.
Berberine supplements offer a natural and holistic approach to health and wellness. With potential benefits in blood sugar control, cholesterol management, gut health, and weight management, berberine has gained attention in the Australian health market. However, it is crucial for consumers to be discerning and choose reputable brands that prioritize quality, transparency, and customer satisfaction. As with any supplement, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating berberine into your regimen, particularly if you have any pre-existing health conditions or are taking medications. While berberine‘s potential health benefits are promising, further research is still needed to fully understand its mechanisms and long-term effects.
<< photo by Jared Rice >>
The image is for illustrative purposes only and does not depict the actual situation.
You might want to read !
- The Berberine Breakdown: Unveiling Australia’s Top Berberine Brands for 2023
- “The Berberine Boom Down Under: Unearthing Australia’s Top Berberine Supplements for 2023”
- Liverpool’s Klopp vows to treat Europa League with utmost reverence
- Kristen Bell Opens Up About Her “Surrogate” Daughter Hannah Anderson
- Vera Wang and daughter stun in uncanny resemblance: The power of shared genes on full display
- Connecting Hearts: R U OK? Day 2023 Encourages Open Conversations
- Rethinking Kava: Unearthing the True Potential of this Pacific Panacea | biology |
https://startmit-2016.mit.edu/sangeeta-bhatia/ | 2023-06-05T17:27:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224652149.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605153700-20230605183700-00312.warc.gz | 0.944985 | 591 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__83455360 | en | John J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Health Sciences and Technology and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT
Dr. Sangeeta N. Bhatia conducts research at the intersection of engineering, medicine, and biology to develop novel platforms for understanding, diagnosing, and treating human disease. Bhatia’s laboratory leverages ‘tiny technologies’ of miniaturization tools used in semiconductor manufacturing to yield inventions with new applications in tissue regeneration, stem cell differentiation, medical diagnostics, and drug delivery. Dr. Bhatia’s findings have produced high-throughput-capable human microlivers, which model human drug metabolism, drug-induced liver disease, and interaction with human pathogens. Her group also develops nanoparticles and nanoporous materials that can be designed to assemble and communicate to diagnose and treat a variety of diseases, including cancer.
Dr. Bhatia directs the Laboratory for Multiscale Regenerative Technologies at MIT. She is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator and the John J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Health Sciences and Technology and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT. She is a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, a senior member of the Broad Institute, and a biomedical engineer at Brigham & Women’s Hospital. Dr. Bhatia is an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Science, and is a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, the Biomedical Engineering Society, and the American Society for Clinical Investigation. She has been awarded the 2014 Lemelson-MIT Prize, the Heinz Medal for groundbreaking inventions and advocacy for women in STEM fields, the David and Lucile Packard Fellowship given to “the nation’s most promising young professors in science and engineering,” the NSF CAREER Award, the Harvard Medical School Diversity Award, and the Harvard-MIT Thomas McMahon Mentoring Award, among many others.
Dr. Bhatia co-authored the first undergraduate textbook on tissue engineering and has published more than 160 manuscripts that have been cited over 16,000 times. Her work has been profiled broadly such as in Scientific American, the Boston Globe, Popular Science, Forbes, PBS’s NOVA scienceNOW, the Economist, and MSNBC, among many others, and she was recently included in Scientific American’s ‘Worldview 100’ list of the most influential researchers in Biotechnology. She and her 150+ trainees have contributed to more than 40 issued or pending patents and launched 10 biotechnology companies with 70+ products. She is a frequent advisor to governmental organizations, industrial corporations, and think tanks, and advocates for diversity in science and engineering. Dr. Bhatia holds a B.S. from Brown University; M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from MIT; and an M.D. from Harvard Medical School. | biology |
https://www.uniquesikhbabynames.com/10-ways-to-keep-your-child-safe-and-healthy-during-the-monsoon.php | 2019-05-26T05:34:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232258849.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20190526045109-20190526071109-00522.warc.gz | 0.9609 | 230 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__126328538 | en | The monsoons are among the most eagerly awaited seasons, as they bring much needed respite from the searing heat of the summer. It’s the perfect time to sip on a hot brew coupled with some snacks, and watch the raindrops on their way. However, the monsoon also brings its fair share of hassles, the biggest bother being mosquitoes.
Mosquitoes breed in still water, and soon diseases like dengue, malaria and chikungunya begin to do the rounds. Also to be wary of are diseases like the flu, pneumonia and typhoid, which are communicable via air and water. And infants being the delicate creatures they are, stand at greater risk of contracting these diseases.
Pneumonia and typhoid are potentially deadly for children. So, if you have an infant at home, don’t kick back just yet. Prepare yourself, your home and your child against the worst of the monsoon. We’ve put together a list of 10 things you should do before and around the onset of the monsoons, to keep your infant safe and healthy. | biology |
https://melbourneorthodonticgroup.com.au/smoking-braces/ | 2022-05-28T05:01:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663012542.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528031224-20220528061224-00333.warc.gz | 0.938058 | 263 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__182507746 | en | No this is not a ‘you’re naughty ruining your lungs’ smoking rant (although you do know you are don’t you?). But besides the link between tobacco and heart disease, stroke, emphysema, and cancer (especially lung and throat cancers), smoking leads to the following oral health consequences:
- Bad breath – when you have braces, there are just more areas for bacteria and contaminants to loiter. So smoking with braces often leads to more severe odor.
- Tooth discoloration – smoking stains your teeth – when you have braces it is harder to brush increasing the likelihood of obvious tooth discoloration following the removal of your braces.
- Inflammation of the salivary gland openings on the roof of the mouth
- Increased loss of bone within the jaw – which can compromise your treatment time and stabilization.
- Increased risk of developing gum disease, a leading cause of tooth loss
- Delayed healing process – making your mouth ulcers (that we all get when we first have braces) more painful and taking longer to heal.
Do yourself a favour and use your decision to invest in braces an opportunity to quit. There are plenty of resources and support groups out there willing to help.
(primary source QuitNow & WebMD) | biology |
https://blogtrove.com/health/medical-reasons-and-symptoms-of-extreme-hair-loss/ | 2024-02-23T06:14:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474361.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223053503-20240223083503-00358.warc.gz | 0.93002 | 1,083 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__10751340 | en | Medical Reasons and Symptoms of Extreme Hair Loss
Hair loss is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While it is natural to shed some hair every day, excessive hair loss can be distressing and may indicate an underlying medical issue. In this article, we will explore the medical reasons behind extreme hair loss and discuss the accompanying symptoms that can help identify and address the problem effectively.
- Androgenetic Alopecia: Also known as male or female pattern baldness, is the most common cause of hair loss. It is a hereditary condition where hair follicles become sensitive to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone derived from testosterone. Over time, DHT weakens the hair follicles, causing them to produce shorter, finer hair until they eventually stop producing hair altogether.
- Telogen Effluvium: Telogen effluvium is a condition characterized by excessive shedding of hair. It is often triggered by a significant physiological or emotional stressor, such as childbirth, surgery, severe illness, or emotional trauma. This stressor disrupts the hair growth cycle, pushing more hair follicles into the telogen (resting) phase, leading to a noticeable increase in hair shedding.
- Alopecia Areata: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, resulting in sudden hair loss. It can occur in patches on the scalp or even lead to complete hair loss (alopecia totalis) or loss of hair on the entire body (alopecia universalis). The exact cause of alopecia areata is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders disrupt the normal hormonal balance in the body. PCOS, for instance, can cause an excess of androgens (male hormones), leading to hair thinning and loss in a male pattern. Similarly, an underactive or overactive thyroid can disrupt hair growth cycles, resulting in hair loss.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Inadequate intake of essential nutrients can significantly impact hair health. Deficiencies in vitamins, minerals (such as iron and zinc), and proteins can weaken hair follicles and lead to increased hair shedding. Poor diet, crash diets, or certain medical conditions that affect nutrient absorption can contribute to these deficiencies.
- Trichotillomania: Psychological disorder where individuals have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair, resulting in hair loss. It is often associated with stress, anxiety, or other mental health conditions.
- Scalp Infections: Fungal or bacterial infections of the scalp, such as ringworm (tinea capitis), can cause hair loss. These infections can lead to inflammation, damage to the hair follicles, and subsequent hair loss.
- Medical Treatments: Some medical treatments like chemotherapy for cancer, radiation therapy, and certain medications (e.g., antidepressants, anticoagulants, beta-blockers) can cause hair loss as a side effect.
- Skin Disorders: Certain skin conditions like psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis can affect the scalp, leading to inflammation, itching, and hair loss.
Extreme hair loss can manifest with various symptoms, which may include:
- Excessive Hair Shedding: You may notice an increased amount of hair falling out during activities such as brushing, showering, or even gentle tugging.
- Thinning Hair: The overall volume and density of your hair may gradually decrease, resulting in a visibly thinner appearance, especially on the top of the scalp.
- Receding Hairline: In cases of androgenetic alopecia (male or female pattern baldness), there may be a noticeable receding hairline or the appearance of a widening part in the hair.
- Bald Patches: With conditions like alopecia areata, hair loss may occur in small, round patches on the scalp or other areas of the body.
- Itching or Scalp Irritation: Some hair loss conditions may cause itching, irritation, or inflammation of the scalp, leading to discomfort.
- Changes in Hair Texture: The remaining hair may become brittle, dry, or easily breakable due to the weakening of the hair shafts.
- Excessive Hair on Pillows or Clothing: If you observe an unusual amount of hair left on pillows, bedding, or clothing, it may indicate significant hair loss.
The Final Word
Men and women are equally conscious about their hair loss and baldness issues. Hair loss was earlier considered a sign of aging, but now the story seems to differ. Nowadays, even youngsters are also facing hair loss at the early age of their 20s. Medications can be beneficial for stopping hair loss or thinning, but the results are questionable when talking about permanency.
Therefore, if you want a permanent solution, a hair transplant for men and women can be an ideal solution. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional or dermatologist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment. They can provide a proper diagnosis and suggest suitable treatment options based on your specific situation. | biology |
https://www.bernell.com/product/2747/Index_H | 2022-08-19T08:15:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00753.warc.gz | 0.9346 | 254 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__184079851 | en | Item #: TMI90
The exophthalmometer is an instrument designed to measure the forward protrusion of the eye. This instrument provides a method of evaluating the recording the progression and regression of the prominence of an eye caused by disorders such as thyroid disease and tumors of the orbit.
This instrument consists of a horizontal calibrated bar with movable carriers at each side. Each carrier consists of mirrors inclined at 45 degrees to reflect both the scale reading and the apex of the cornea in profile. Notches on the side carriers are placed on the bony lateral orbital margins of the patient. The patient is then asked to fixated on a point on the examiner's forehead. The apex of the cornea of each eye is superimposed on the millimeter scale reading by the inclined mirrors. The measurement of each eye is recorded by the examiner, alternately viewing with the right and left eye.
The distance along the horizontal bar is also recorded as the bases so that the carriers will be set at the same base at subsequent reading's for comparison of the forward protrusion of each eye in relation to the bony orbit. This instrument is more accurate in detecting changes from year to year than the Luedde. | biology |
https://www.thecollectivestore.com.au/products/mushroom-m8 | 2024-02-28T20:24:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474744.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228175828-20240228205828-00602.warc.gz | 0.946191 | 187 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__163777502 | en | Mushroom M8 contains 8 of the world's favourite medicinal mushrooms in a single capsule, hand-picked to support immunity, gut health, hormonal function, and the nervous system.
These eight mushrooms were some of the most revered and cherished by the traditional healers the world over, especially the Taoists.
Mushroom M8 is an immunological powerhouse and supports the body to return to harmony through normalising the nervous and hormonal systems as well as regulating the Qi of all major organs.
These convenient capsules are the perfect starting point for someone wanting to get started on their path to radiant health, or for the well versed herbalist to maintain their daily dose of medicinal mushrooms.
Medicinal mushrooms typically work to strengthen the Spleen and Lung channels; this blend also works on the Liver, Kidney, and Heart channels making it a full-power formula to bring overall harmony and vitality to the body. | biology |
https://www.annarborrunningcompany.com/products/hotshot | 2022-06-29T19:17:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103642979.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629180939-20220629210939-00096.warc.gz | 0.928372 | 250 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__86457480 | en | If you don't see a particular item, shoe, size, or color on our website that you would like to order, we would love to help you out. Please fill out the following FORM and we will contact you with more info.
HOTSHOT is a 1.7oz sports shot that boosts your Neuro Muscular Performance and is scientifically proven to prevent and treat muscle cramps. Invented by a Nobel Prize-winning neuroscientist/endurance athlete and a professor of neurobiology at Harvard Medical School, HOTSHOT works by stimulating Transient Receptor Potential channels located in the mouth, throat and esophagus – preventing neurons from misfiring – ultimately stopping muscle cramps where they start. At the nerve. How To Use: Drink HOTSHOT to prevent, treat and recover from exercise-associated muscle cramps. PREVENT: Drink a 1.7oz HOTSHOT ~15 minutes before exercise to prevent muscle cramps. Feel it work from the first kick to the warm afterglow. TREAT: Drink at the first sign of cramping. It starts working in minutes. RECOVER: Drink after activity to prevent post-exercise cramping. | biology |
http://www.aes.org/events/135/presenters/?ID=1759 | 2017-02-20T13:18:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170562.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00633-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.857693 | 108 | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__125116324 | en | AES New York 2013 Presenter or Author
Primary Affiliation: Cornell University - Ithaca, NY, USA
Pete Marchetto is the Engineering Physicist for the Hardware Engineering Group in the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Bioacoustics Research Program. He is also a graduate student in the Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, working on instrumentation to measure the exposure levels of animals to noise, and to quantify their behavioral responses.
More Info: http://about.me/pete.marchetto | biology |
https://amblingalongtogether.wordpress.com/2016/04/ | 2018-07-23T05:31:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676594954.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20180723051723-20180723071723-00437.warc.gz | 0.933862 | 127 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__235500819 | en | The Burgess Bird Book
By Thornton W. Burgess
This wonderful introduction to the birds of North America is required reading in not only Year 1 of AmblesideOnline, but in many Charlotte Mason and other Classical Studies based curricula.
Through the eyes of Peter Rabbit we become acquainted with a variety of birds as they return to Peter’s neighborhood in the spring. In the context of the story about each bird, we hear about its nesting habits, its feeding preferences, and its interactions with other wildlife. We meet Jenny Wren, Scrapper the King-bird, Redwing the Blackbird, and dozens more. | biology |
https://oklahomapoison.org/prevention/animals | 2023-12-02T14:11:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100427.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202140407-20231202170407-00517.warc.gz | 0.920621 | 1,563 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__95598875 | en | Oklahoma is home to 44 different kind of snakes, but only a few have venom. Snakes in Oklahoma are most active from April through October.
The venomous snakes of Oklahoma include:
- Western Massasauga Rattlesnake
- Prairie Rattlesnake
- Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake
- Timber Rattlesnake
- Western Pygmy Rattlesnake
Download, print and share our Oklahoma Snake Brochure
You have probably heard advice about what to do if bitten by a snake. Unfortunately, not all steps people take to treat a snake bite make the situation better.
- Sit down and stay calm.
- Wash the wound with warm soapy water.
- Remove jewelry or tight clothing.
- Keep the bitten area still and rise to heart level.
- Call the Oklahoma Center for Poison & Drug Information.
- If a snakebite victim is having chest pain, difficulty breathing, face swelling or has lost consciousness call 911 immediately.
- Cut the bitten area and try to drain the venom.
- Try to remove the venom by sucking it or using a suction device.
- Ice the area. Ice may cause additional tissue damage.
- Apply a tourniquet or tight bandage. It is better for the venom to flow through the body than for stay in one area.
- Attempt to catch tor kill the snake.
- Give the victim sedatives or alcohol.
If a snakebite victim is having chest pain, difficulty breathing, face swelling or has lost consciousness, call 911 immediately.
Some spiders can cause illness in some people. Two common spiders that can harm you are the female black widow and the brown recluse. A bite from one of these spiders can cause serious problems in a child, a senior, or a person in poor health. However, these bites rarely cause death.
The Black Widow
The female black widow is a black, shiny spider. It has a red or orange hourglass shape on its underside. Within 30 minutes to 120 minutes after being bitten by the female, you may feel stomach pain, dizziness, and headache. The bite may cause a sharp, pinprick-like pain. This pain may subside and reappear as a dull, throbbing ache followed by severe muscle pain and cramps. Black widows prefer dark, quiet places like garages, meter boxes or furniture.
The brown recluse is a yellowish-tan to dark brown spider. It has a small body and long legs. The brown recluse has a brown violin marking on the top side of its middle section. Habitats include cracks, crevices and dark undisturbed places like attics and closets.
Signs and Symptoms
- Mild to severe pain usually develops within two to eight hours. One or two tiny puncture holes may be seen at the site of the bite, surrounded by a white and red "halo".
- Blisters usually appear within 24 hours. An ulcer may be seen within 48 hours. Pain and itching increase.
- The bite area also feels hot, swollen and warm to the touch.
- Within 24 to 48 hours, there may be u-like symptoms, joint pain and rash.
- If you see dark urine within 72 hours after a bite, get medical attention right away.
- Serious symptoms may occur in children.
- The tissue dies and sloughs away and an open ulcer may form within one to two weeks.
- Although rare, serious reactions may cause death. No antidote is currently available. Treatment consists of good first aid care and observing for the above symptoms.
Oklahoma ticks include the Lone Star, American dog and black-legged tick. Ticks are capable of transmitting several diseases, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, STARI (Southern tick-associated rash illness) and tularemia. If you become ill within one week of a recent tick bite or after visiting a tick-infested area, call a physician right away!
- Wear light-colored clothing so that ticks can be seen more easily. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks. Wear closed-toe shoes, not sandals.
- Examine everyone frequently, including pets, for ticks. The longer the tick remains attached, the greater the risk of tick-borne illness.
- Use an insect repellent on skin and clothing. Follow the directions specified on the container and use the lowest strength for children. Reapply as directed on the label.
Scorpions in Oklahoma can cause a painful sting, but serious, life-threatening symptoms are rare. Swelling is generally limited. The sensation of numbness and tingling may occur but usually stops within 24 hours. A cold pack placed on the sting site is usually quite effective in reducing pain. An additional symptom that can be seen following a scorpion sting is a metallic taste in the mouth. This is not unusual,and does not indicate a problem. General first aid care is usually all the treatment that is required.
Bees, Wasps and Hornets
For a bee sting, remove the stinger from the wound as quickly as possible to prevent the injection of additional venom. Bees have barbed stingers, which are left embedded in the skin, usually with the venom sac still attached. After stinging, the bee will die.
- Remove the stinger by grasping it close to the skin, or scraping across the skin using the edge of a credit card, coin, or other dull object.
- Do NOT squeeze the venom sac, as that will result in more venom being injected into the skin.
- After the stinger has been removed, follow with general first aid care for the wound.
Symptoms usually go away within a few hours. Because their stingers have no barbs, wasps and hornets may sting repeatedly. These stings can easily become infected.
If you have trouble breathing or rapid and severe swelling, call 911 immediately. For any other symptoms outside the immediate area of the injury, such as flu-like symptoms.
Insect bites/stings. Be alert to insects that may bite or sting. After a sting, the site will show redness and swelling. It may be itchy and painful. Be careful around bees, wasps, hornets, and yellow jackets. Some people are allergic to insect stings. To these people, a sting may cause serious problems and even death. Go to a hospital right away if you are stung and have any of these signs: hives, dizziness, breathing trouble, or swelling around eyes and mouth.
- Be sure to check the label on any insect repellent.
- Most contain DEET, which can harm children if used improperly or in large amounts.
- Do not allow children to apply repellent to themselves.
- When using repellent on a child, put a little on your own hands, then rub them on your child.
- Avoid the eyes and mouth.
- Use separate products when there is a need for insect spray and sunscreen.
- Do not use sunscreen that contains DEET.
- Repeatedly applying a product with DEET can increase the risk of harmful effects.
- Always follow the instructions on the label.
- For most products, after returning indoors, wash treated skin with soap and water.
- Call the Poison Helpline with your questions.
Bites and stings are common in Oklahoma. Our staff are here 24/7 to take your calls and questions. | biology |
http://www.argosyfnd.org/Hyman-Newman-Institute-for-Neurology-and-Neurosurgery.html | 2019-11-17T02:05:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668782.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20191117014405-20191117042405-00389.warc.gz | 0.933053 | 622 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__62157916 | en | Hyman-Newman Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery
Founded in 1996 by Drs. Fred Epstein and Alejandro Berenstein, the Hyman-Newman Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery (INN) in New York City soon became one of the foremost medical institutions specializing in the treatment of neurological disorders in adults and children. Initially based at Beth Israel Medical Center, the INN developed a worldwide reputation for excellence in pediatric and endovascular neurosurgery. Now located at Roosevelt Hospital under the direction of Dr. Berenstein, the institute continues its pediatric concentration along with a heightened focus on the treatment of conditions related to the vascular system of the brain, head, face, spine and spinal cord. Over the years, the INN has remained committed to offering a healing and humanistic environment to its patients.
In 2007, the Argosy Foundation partnered with the INN, a self-described “institute without walls.” Multiple specialized areas are benefiting from the support, including the Vascular Biology Research Program and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
Leading the Way
Respected for its contributions to research and its multidisciplinary staff, the INN attracts patients from all parts of the United States and around the world. Its doctors are able to treat a variety of medical disorders without open surgery by using x-rays and other imaging techniques to guide small tubes (catheters) and devices through the blood vessels. Because these procedures involve smaller incisions, less pain and shorter hospital stays, they reduce the amount of stress and risk of complication to the patient.
Established in 2001, the INN’s Vascular Biology Research Program continues to take the lead in the development of new treatments for life-threatening vascular diseases. The program operates a laboratory at St. Luke’s Hospital. The knowledge gained at the laboratory is then applied in clinical practice at the INN at Roosevelt Hospital in the treatment of complex vascular anomalies, including arteriovenous malformations, hemangiomas, stroke and cerebral aneurysms.
The Human Touch
The INN’s philosophy of putting children and their families first is visible throughout the Pediatric ICU at Roosevelt. This unit is dedicated to helping young patients recover from surgery, play, learn, and otherwise resume their normal lives as much as possible. It provides a relaxing atmosphere featuring a beautiful ocean-patterned floor, a nurses’ station decorated like a playful jeep, paintings in each room of animals and flora from across the globe, and a cheerful, soothing color scheme of soft blues, greens and yellows. A small activity playroom, staffed with a Child Life Specialist, helps children escape the rigors of treatment while enjoying arts and crafts, parties and toys.
With the help of a forward-thinking attitude and philanthropic partners such as the Argosy Foundation, the Hyman-Newman Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery will continue to provide the highest quality care in a compassionate, patient-centered environment. | biology |
http://weeklytimes.com.au/killer-shark-caught-by-locals-under-the-gladesville-bridge/ | 2018-04-22T22:06:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945660.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422212935-20180422232935-00122.warc.gz | 0.955037 | 159 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__167105726 | en | This menacing Shark was caught under the Gladesville Bridge earlier this month.
Local fishing enthusiast Patrick McLograna tells the tale:
“It was a team effort to bring this beast on board battling with it for 1.45 hours,just past Gladesville Bridge. “
“We’ve since identified it as a Mako shark although we originally thought it might have been a bull shark.
“A group of us were out fishing for Jew fish to celebrate my father’s 81st birthday.
“This is normally a deep sea species, so to see one this far down the harbour is very rare indeed!
“We measured it at over 8ft long and conservatively weighing in around 150kgs.” | biology |
https://albuquerqueherbalism.com/herbalism-series-fall/ | 2023-12-09T21:42:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100972.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209202131-20231209232131-00727.warc.gz | 0.849291 | 505 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__242470151 | en | Through this semester-long course students will learn how herbs can benefit many acute and chronic conditions including respiratory infections, digestive illness, ear infections, sore throats, auto-immunity, skin conditions, stress, chronic pain, insomnia, mood imbalances, deep immune issues, pathogens and parasites, heart health, lymph flow, urinary infections, and women’s health.
Students will learn about herbal actions and get hands-on experience preparing and using herbal remedies to take home including herbal infusions, decoctions, tinctures, infused oils, salves, medicated soaps, liniments, syrups, infused honey, and more.
The semester series also includes registration for all four of our in-depth, one day specialty topics:
- Natural Perfumery (In-Person)
- Invasive Plant Medicine (Live Online)
- Herbal History, Plants & Practice in Mexican Curanderismo (Live Online)
- Herbal Cocktails (In-Person)
Additionally, this course includes three field classes:
- a field trip in the Sandia foothills focusing on plant identification and medicinal uses;
- a field trip in the Rio Grande Bosque focusing on plant identification, medicinal uses, and land stewardship;
- a morning of field work doing native medicinal plant restoration and habitat improvement with the Yerba Mansa Project (optional)
More extras included: Through this course we will build a booklet of reference handouts from each class that includes a wealth of herbal information, remedy making instructions, recipes, and more.
The cost for semester enrollment includes all 4 of the single-day specialty classes, all of your herbal remedy-making supplies, field trips, medicinal plant restoration experience, class handouts, and 34 hours of herbal instruction.
Semester cost: $655 with all supplies included.
- 2023 Class Dates:
- 13 Tuesdays: August 15-November 14 (except Halloween) (6 pm – 8 pm)
- 4 Saturdays: September 9 (10am – 1pm); September TBA (9am – 12 noon); October 14 (10 am – 1 pm); November 4 (10 am – 1pm)
- Location: Tuesday sessions take place at The Source, 1111 Carlisle Blvd. SE
- Space is limited. Registration is required.
CLASS IS FULL – JOIN US NEXT SEMESTER
Anna Marija Helt
Atava Garcia Swiecicki | biology |
http://www.illinoisunites.org/organization/here-are-4-benefits-of-human-growth-hormone | 2018-06-19T22:14:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863206.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619212507-20180619232507-00202.warc.gz | 0.955404 | 627 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__195992730 | en | Here Are 4 Benefits Of Human Growth Hormone
Anyone into sports and fitness has of course come across the term human growth hormone or HGH as it has been a subject of controversy for a while, with the organization in charge of anti-doping in sports raising the red flag on its abuse by athletes. Well, if you are not in this category then you’re probably wondering what is human growth hormone?
To answer your question, this is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans therefore it’s very essential for human development. When this hormone is secreted, it will remain active in a person’s bloodstream for a couple of minutes, to allow the liver sufficient time to convert the HGH into growth factors.
Here are 4 benefits of human growth hormones and why they may be a concern in athletics.
#1 HGH helps in increasing muscle strength
It’s believed that human growth hormone can improve the physical abilities of an individual as it helps in increasing muscular strength thereby improving a person’s physical performance in exercise as well as in sporting activities. When this hormone is increased naturally by the body, it shouldn’t be a problem however if it’s deliberately increased synthetically then this can be equated to doping.
#2 HGH helps in better healing of fractures
It’s believed that human growth hormone is responsible for the regulation of minerals, bone metabolism as well as the healing of fractures. There are medical organizations that use these hormones as part of the speedy healing of patients with bone fractures, especially athletes. For medical application, an athlete will not be penalized for using HGH in the process of speeding their healing. They just need to ensure that the excess hormones are still not in their body when they return back to competitive sports.
#3 HGH helps in quickening weight loss
For people looking to lose weight fast, using growth hormones can contribute to the process as it helps in the acceleration of the breakdown of fats in the body. This can safely apply not only to overweight athletes looking to lose weight fast after being on holiday but also on individuals suffering from obesity. However, this is still a subject of research therefore there is plenty yet to be discovered on the use of HGH with regards to its application in weight loss.
#4 HGH contributes to stronger bones
Just as HGH promotes healing of fractures, it also contributes to stronger bones. It’s important to note that when individuals are young and healthy, the body tends to produce sufficient HGH targeted at bone development and strength however as they grow older, the amount of HGH produced by the body decreases. This is the reason why athletes will often be tempted to turn to an organization producing synthetic HGH as they seek to strengthen their bones probably after an injury.
It’s important for users of synthetic HGH to be aware that there are side effects to its abuse which could even result in death. Care should be taken to ensure that it’s only used when very necessary. | biology |
https://girardmeister.com/tag/coronavirus/ | 2024-02-24T05:55:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474523.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224044749-20240224074749-00055.warc.gz | 0.957004 | 3,568 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__881909 | en | I am not a hematologist. Nor an immunologist or a virologist. Just an aspiring amateur writer who has recognized that typos fall into two dominant categories. Regular readers have no doubt spotted more than a few.
The first kind of typo comes from stream of consciousness – such as just getting the initial thoughts and sentences tapped in. Misspellings, poor grammar, dreary or ambiguous word choice, double words, lazy punctuation. The long list continues: verb/noun mismatch; change of tense within a paragraph; chronological inconsistencies; using “their” or “your” for “they’re” and “you’re” …
These are all forgivable, and relatively painless. Many make it to draft status, when well over 90% can be cleaned up by a few proofreading passes.
It’s the second kind of typo that is really painful. These result from late edits. The eleventh-hour flash of brilliance that results in a “catastrophic improvement.” At the final moment, with the cake fully iced, the product is ready for a la mode, and full reader enjoyment!
But no! Those last flourishes require just as much proof reading as the original drafts. Yet, it is so easy to skip. I’ve done it many times. Slow learner.
To my readers: Thank
you. Many of you have gently suggested
improvements and corrections to my typos and “facts.” The rest of you have kindly ignored them; or,
perhaps in your brilliance, merely read what I intended, not what I wrote. Exhibit A: My last
essay enfolded references to (a) a famous bathroom fixture
company, (b) its founder, (c) the label for a common convenience, and (d) my
regular tapestry of history, factoids,
and observations. During some
post-published proof-reading I found a few major hiccups. It’s better now, but
only after some help and a couple of paragraph re-writes.
Not only are there two kinds of typo; there are two kinds of Type-O. Positive and negative. We’re talking blood here.
I am O-positive. That’s the most common blood type, nearly 40% of humans have it, despite O’s transmission on a recessive gene. About 85-90% of people in need of transfusion can accept my blood. If I didn’t carry the Rh-positive antigen, 100% could take my blood.
Through the magic of genetics and natural anti-bodies, I am quite valuable to blood banks. There is a virus connection here. How appropriate for this time of novel coronavirus, SARS CoV-2 and international tumult.
Most adult humans have, at some point in their lives, contracted the Cytomegalo Virus (or CMV). As much as 80%. Of those affected, nearly 100% who contract it suffer from only mild symptoms, if any. Except infants. CMV can cause severe long-term damage to new arrivals – especially “preemies” – as their immune systems are just waking up.
Of the many scores of herpes viruses discovered, only eight are known to regularly affect humans. Once infected, our bodies almost always eventually mount a swift and decisive victory, driving the virus from the battlefield – our homeland: tissues, organs, blood. Better, our well-evolved immune systems retain intermediate and long-term immunity via anti-bodies (of the five main types Immunoglobulin-M and -G antibodies are of the most interest here).
Like many types of virus, the herpes family is insidious. Even though thoroughly thwarted by a superior foe, they execute a strategic retreat, never quite leaving the body. They “hang out” in nerve cells. Lying dormant for long intervals, they occasionally “wake up” to see if their host – us! – is healthy enough to fight them off for another round of battle. If the response is “yes”, they retreat again to the sanctuary of our nerves, a place a proper immune system has been trained to not attack.
This happens over and over again, until we die, as sufferers of HSV 1 and 2 can attest (Herpes Simplex 1 or 2); that is, repeated blistering around the mouth, or even in the mouth. Those episodes of re-occurrence are only mildly annoying when compared to what can happen with the Chicken Pox virus (Vicella Zoster Virus, or VZV); later in life it can manifest as what’s commonly called “Shingles” – with an agonizing and often debilitating rash accompanied by stabbing pains.
Since CMV is in the Herpes family there is always a likelihood it is in someone’s blood; that is, if they have ever had it in their life. Hence, their blood must never be used for transfusions to infants.
My blood always tests negative for CMV anti-bodies, both IgM and IgG. This means it is not lying dormant somewhere and I am a safe donor for infants.
I donate blood as often as practicable. I am of some use to society. We Type-Os are also delicious to mosquitoes. My wife says that having me around is better than using insect repellant.
Until the previous turn of the century, blood types were unknown. The micro-biological processes of transfusions and outcomes were a mystery, so it was practiced sparingly and as a last resort. Sometimes with spectacular success. But more often with horrible, painful, fatal results.
At that time Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner was wondering about this. He hit upon the idea of simply mixing blood from various people together to see what happened. No chemistry. No microscopes. In hindsight, this seems most unsophisticated – even elementary; but no one had done it.
What he found was rather amazing. Some samples got along well together, and most others did not; they made globules: which was the observable effect of one blood trying to obviate the other; or each other. Landsteiner had discovered blood types! For this he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine, decades later, in 1930.
At first he identified 3 types: he labeled them A, B and C.
In the scaled down world of micro-biology and microbes, red blood cells are like titans. Thin and disk-like, they average about 7 microns in diameter, with a thickness of 2 microns, which “squishes” down to about 1 micron at the center, not unlike Life Saver candies. [From now on, I will give sizes in microns, with no units, for simplicity]. This topography gives the red cell a very large surface area compared to its mass and size, which is useful for its main duty: ferrying oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules around the body and passing them across its surface membrane.
A CMV virion’s size is about 0.2. The SARS nCoV-2 is probably smaller than that: about 0.1. Bacteria, like staph and strep are bigger, but still smaller than a reddie: size, on average, about 1.
A and B blood types were found to carry antigens on their surface. Antigens are anything that triggers an “attack” from antibodies. These red blood cell antigens are, surprisingly, sugars of the D-galactose family, size about 0.0005 (or 1/2000th the average thickness of a red blood cell).
A blood type which has no sugar antigens, C, was re-named O, which basically means zero, or none. A little later it was discovered that some types carry both A and B antigens, so they were naturally named “AB” – pretty rare. These 4 types (A, B, AB and O) comprise 99.9+% of all blood types.
Now it’s not at all complicated to tell who can take whose blood for a transfusion. Since my O has no sugar antigens, anyone can take my blood. But my body will “see” the A, B, and AB cells as invaders. We Type-Os are picky. Although anyone can take my blood, I can only take Type-O.
But wait, not quite so simple. There were still problems.
Rh markers were found a few decades later, around 1940 (also, sort of, by Landstein ) – just in time for most of WW2, resulting in fewer multiple-transfusion complications … and a better understanding of baby-to-mother Rh mismatch for the baby-boom that followed WW2.
The Rh markers are proteins (there are actually about 49 of them; the most common is type-D), about size 0.003. About 90% of people have Rh-positive blood.
Floating nearby in the plasma are anti-bodies. For mammals these are about size 0.1 – quite small. In Rh-negative people, these little workers are always “on the ready” to identify Rh proteins as “bad guys.” And also to identify foreign A and B antigens.
People, especially prospective mothers, with no Rh proteins (i.e. Rh-negative) must be careful with donations and pregnancies. The first time the body encounters the Rh antigen the process or pregnancy is usually OK. But the body is stirred up, and it remembers. The next time it’s “attack.” If a Rh-negative patient gets more than one Rh-positive transfusion — or a Rh-negative mom gets a second Rh-positive baby in utero — it can be bad news.
Returning to the red blood cell. It is quite large; a workhorse of the vascular system. Yet, one might wonder: why have we evolved so that its surface is laden with thousands of tag-a-longs and stowaways that seem more trouble than their load is worth?
Well, maybe those labels are a bit harsh. Research suggests that the Rh proteins can provide a sort of osmotic-efficient pathway for the relatively large CO2 molecules (compared to oxygen) to slither through the cell membrane. And it appeared millions of years ago – before anything like a hominoid walked on two legs.
We can consider these ancient genetic tweaks as a sort of typo: a minor transcription mistake in typing out genetic text from DNA to RNA and back again to the DNA of a new cell, thus creating a new or different function for such genes.
Sugar antigens, similar to A and B, appear in the blood of all mammals. Again, these evolved in our pre-hominoid ancestors long ago. Just why this is so, is a bit of a mystery. Perhaps it was for a weird but clever type of “trick play herd immunity.” A virus sees cell coatings as something that can provide an attach point on, or even pathway into, a cell. If a population has a random collection of these sugars and proteins, then a single type of virus pandemic cannot wipe out the entire species.
Here I like to imagine a sports team cleverly crafted to beat any team at, say, a football match. That team is the Evil Virus. The first games for team EV are easy victories. The next several matches they stampede confidently onto apparently identical pitches, only to be confronted with rules for cricket. Or golf. And then tennis. Then speed skating. Result? Team EV fails. – The species survives; the virus must go off and mutate further or die out.
All these rule changes – different cell coatings among individuals among the same species – makes our bodies suspicious of one another. When there’s a transfusion mismatch the coatings are identified as antigens and marked for destruction by those tiny antibodies.
Interestingly, something similar might be happening with the virus du jour, SARS CoV-2 which causes Covid-19. Early analyses of cases (and deaths) in hard hit areas of Europe suggest that those with Type-A blood are disproportionately susceptible. How or why this happens is not understood but could give virologists and immunologists an understanding of the virus and our bodies’ machinations. Perhaps the A-type sugar is a sort of 5th column for the virus; or the presence of B-type antibodies somehow distracts, diminishes, or delays the body’s defense.
I expect there will be a plethora of studies of many sorts regarding this coronavirus, its impact, and our reactions in the months and years to come. Brace yourselves.
The improvement and acceptance of blood type science went beyond medicine and into forensics. It helped reduce Charlie Chaplin’s embarrassment, but only a little.
Chaplin, the famous actor-comedian-film maker, was married four times and a well-know philanderer, as well as a misogynist. A paternity suit against him in the ‘40s resulted in blood testing, and eventually changed family law.
In the 1940s a young actress (with whom he was “friendly” – this during his 3rd marriage) claimed he was the father of her child. She sued him for child support. Blood tests on Chaplin, the child and mother showed that he could not possibly be the father.
Chaplin, with recessive Type-O, could not have been the father of a Type-B child whose mother was Type-A. Case dismissed? No. She pressed her allegation, nonetheless.
Astounding to us in the 21st century, accustomed as we are to such quotidian data as DNA matching, blood tests were not permitted as evidence at the time. Chaplin lost the court case and was compelled to pay child support. Worse: His trysting filled the pages of the days’ print media. His reputation was trashed.
The law was changed a few years later. But not in time for Chaplin. He was so disgraced that – combined with other bad press and McCarthy-era distrust – he was even denied re-entry to the United States, in 1952. (He was not a US citizen, although he’d lived there for over 40 years).
He resided in self-imposed exile in Switzerland for the rest of his life. He returned to America only once before he died, for a few days in 1972, then aged 83, to receive a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Oscars. On stage, with Jack Lemon, he received a 12-minute standing ovation – the longest in Academy Awards history.
Even though Type-O is recessive, it has survived. Not surprisingly, its prevalence is about the same for whites and blacks; we are one race, after all.
Recessive? Well, we Type-Os are sometimes weak, as attested to by Chaplin’s behavior.
That’s a wrap, from typos to Type-Os. Thanks for any corrections or suggestions.
Until next time, peace to you.
Joe Girard © 2020
Thanks for reading. As always, you can add yourself to the notification list for when there is newly published material by clicking here. Or emailing [email protected]
Final footnote on Chaplin. He was soon married a fourth time. He reportedly approached the young 18-year old Oona O’Neill with the line: you look like my next ex-wife. As he was 38 years her elder (in fact nearly the same age as her father, famous playwright Eugene O’Neill) he was disgraced again. Next ex-wife? Wrong! They stayed married for over 30 years, until his death, producing 8 children. The eldest, Geraldine, starred remarkably with Omar Shariff and Julie Christie in Dr Zhivago: at the tender age of 20 when filmed.
Who discovered the Rh factor? http://www.rvdoon.com/rh-negative-blood-blood-feud-which-scientist-discovered-the-rh-factor/
Possible purpose of Rh proteins: https://phys.org/news/2005-05-rh-protein-biological-role.html
Blood Types over 20 million years ago: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-mystery-of-human-blood-types-86993838/
Could be as recent as 3.5 million years ago: https://www.livescience.com/33528-why-blood-types-exist-compatible.html
Chaplin paternity, blood tests and court case: https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/63158/how-charlie-chaplin-changed-paternity-laws-america | biology |
https://lindsaycarron.com/portfolio/alaska-wildlife-refuge-project/ | 2020-01-18T23:15:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250593994.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200118221909-20200119005909-00056.warc.gz | 0.927747 | 2,668 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__88252342 | en | ALASKA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE PROJECT
Artist in Residence: US Fish and Wildlife Service
I began working as an artist in residence with US Fish and Wildlife Service in Alaska in 2016. That year I visited the southern portion of Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the Gwich’in people of Arctic Village. Since that summer, I have returned to complete projects throughout Alaska’s National Wildlife Refuge System – there are 16 Refuges total. I spend time in the wilderness learning about the land and animals and lead community service projects, art workshops, and murals in the Native villages. The resulting artwork is an ode to the way the people have been living in harmony with the wilderness for thousands of years and the interconnection that exists between all life forms in these precious public lands.
Yukon Flats and Togiak National Wildlife Refuges 2018
The first expedition of the summer was to Yukon Flats NWR by boat down the Yukon River from Circle to Fort Yukon, then Beaver, then out at the bridge. The week long journey brought us into the lives of the Gwich’in, Yup’ik, and Inupiaq people and in flow with one of the most powerful, wild and fertile rivers in the North. It was from these waters that I tasted the best salmon of my life – Yukon King, or better yet Yukon Gold – it melted on my tongue and delivered nutrients, omegas, and fat for fuel. It was at the connection of the Porcupine River and the Yukon where I met the most amazing woman – Julie Mahler – who had spent 40 years of her life raising her family on a homestead far away from even the most remote village, tucked into the tundra and fed by the river.
A flight to Anchorage and then to the coast brought me to Dillingham, where I got my first taste of what it’s like to be a village swarmed with commercial fishing. I flew out to Togiak from there, and experienced the constant hum of boat engines as the Yup’ik people of the village picked their set nets for salmon. It was a record year for sockeye salmon in the Bristol Bay area, and everyone was excited and eager. And yet the task comes with risk and danger. All was present in the swirl of Togiak. A helicopter ride thanks to USFWS into the Refuge sent me waist deep in river water flowing thick with spawned out chum salmon and surrounded by feasting bears, gulls, eagles and ravens. I ended my stay in Togiak by painting a mural on the Traditional Council’s storage container, all the while monitoring packs of children with loaded paintbrushes.
The artwork produced from these trips belongs to Fish and Wildlife to utilize for education, outreach, and relations. I hope what I share with you seeds a deep love for wilderness, a respect for traditional ways of life, and a desire to take care of the environments we live in with every step we take.
Julie Mahler, Fort Yukon
Clara Joseph, Beaver
Final Commission for US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks
Featuring: Julie Mahler of Ft. Yukon and Clara Joseph of Beaver
The Yukon River flows 1,982 miles from Canadian mountain glaciers, across Alaska, and into the Bering Sea. A churning river of chocolate-colored silt, it sprawls across the land in braided tributaries and channels. This is the highway for the life-giving kin of this land – the salmon. The salmon create a vibrant cycle of life that is joined by moose, caribou, wolves, bear, and thousands of migratory birds that flock to the wetland ponds and lakes that pockmark the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge.
Born from this wilderness of water and boreal forest are Julie Mahler of Fort Yukon and Clara Joseph of Beaver. Molded by the river’s lessons for decades, these Gwich’in women carry the rhythm of the river under their skin, and their eyes and smiles tell stories of winter freezes, spring break-ups, and summer abundance. The Yukon provides life for the Gwich’in and calls to the wild-at-heart, who come from around the world to canoe, kayak, boat, fish and learn from the tremendous river that prevails across the Yukon Flats.
Linda Kirby, Togiak
Final Commission for US Fish and Wildlife Service, Dillingham
“Made of This”
Featuring: Elsie Abraham, Aubrey Gosuk, and Skylar Wassillie of Togiak
It’s salmon season in Togiak Village, and everyone’s on the water. Home to people of Yup’ik Eskimo heritage, it is nestled in Togiak Bay, with Togiak National Wildlife Refuge spilling for 4.7 million acres behind it. In this expansive wilderness, the Ahklun Mountains give way to tundra and willow-edged rivers carrying fleets of spawning salmon inland from the Bering Sea. No fish will go to waste – they feed the mouths of humans, bears, wolves, ravens, eagles and dissolve as nutrients in the soil and water.
Togiak elder Elsie Abraham knows well this precious balance of her wild home, and takes good care to extend this knowledge to the younger generations like Aubrey Gosuk and Skylar Wassillie, whose joy is palpable as they reel in jack salmon and rainbow trout from Togiak River. Complete with harvests of sour dock, stinkweed, and salmon berries, the natural abundance here fills bellies and hearts. They are made of this. A cycle unbroken.
Arctic and Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuges 2017
The summer of 2017 I was invited back up to work with US Fish and Wildlife Service as an artist in residence in their National Wildlife Refuge system in Alaska. In 2016, the residency culminated with a beautiful artwork that described the southern portion of the 19 million acre Arctic Refuge and the Gwich’in people. We were presented a challenge: the Refuge is millions of acres more than I could ever see in one visit and there are two distinct groups of Native people who call it home, the Gwich’in in the South and the Inupiaq Eskimos in the North. So we did another project!
The first part of the month of August was spent along the Hula Hula River in the Brooks Range Massif in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and in Kaktovik, a small village of Inupiaq Eskimos on the Arctic Coast. I then flew across the state of Alaska (which is a third of the size of our country!) and spent the latter half of the month along the Kuskokwim River in Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge visiting village after village of Yup’ik Eskimos. YK Delta NWR boasts the largest population of Native people, and the Yup’ik continue to this day to retain a great portion of their traditional ways of life on the river: fishing for salmon, hunting moose and caribou, and harvesting berries from the tundra.
The resulting work below are sketches created in the field, portraits drawn of the people who shared stories with me, and the final two pieces for US Fish and Wildlife Service, owned and used by them for education, environmental efforts, and Native relations. The projects continue to evolve and touch me deeply, and I hope the artwork will continue to inspire for years to come.
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Ida Angasan, 72 years old, Kaktovik
Isaac Akootchook, 96 years old, Kaktovik
Final Commission for US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks
“The Arctic Miracle of Life: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge”
Featuring: Betty Brower and Isaac Akootchook of Kaktovik
At the northernmost point of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, rivers split at the Continental Divide and wind through the Brooks Range Massif. Out onto the flat Coastal Plain they flow, depositing nutrients into a teeming Arctic Ocean. Here, mother polar bears den in the winter and caribou birth calves in the spring. Wolves pursue caribou and Dall’s sheep over tundra trails, and bowhead whales carrying ancient threads of the sea nourish a people who call this place home – the Inupiaq Eskimos of Alaska.
Elders like Betty Brower and Isaac Akootchook who thrive here know it to be a land of self-reliance, but also radical interdependence.
By recognizing the cycles that push and pull at the North of the planet, we can find roles in supporting this persistent
Arctic Miracle of Life.
Kuskokwim River, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge
Sophie Sakar, 75 years old, Chuathbaluk
Patricia Yaska, Chuathbaluk
Samuel Jackson Sr., 93 years old, Traditional Chief Kwethluk
Polly Andrews, 32 years old, Anchorage
Final Commission for US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bethel
“Inextricably Intertwined: Kuskokwim River and Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge”
Featuring: Samuel Jackson Sr. of Kwethluk and Sophie Sakar of Chuathbaluk
Winding down the Kuskokwim River towards the delta, the earth flattens, trees disappear, and the expanse of tundra becomes unfathomable. Upriver, 75-year-old Sophie Sakar collects the abundant wild blueberries of the late summer tundra, her backdrop, the Russian Mountains, of the last undulations in the terrain. Those same hands that boil moose in stew, take apart whitefish for akutaq, and fillet salmon for drying, rebuilt her village from the ground up.
Downriver, Samuel Jackson Sr., speaking only his native tongue, tells harvest stories as his eyes trail flocks of geese overhead. At 93 years old and the traditional chief, his family legacy spans up and down the river. The magic of the wild Kuskokwim is evident as rounding every bend of the river sends waterfowl and osprey into flight, and through its history with its people, the Yup’ik Eskimos of Alaska, who to this day live inextricably intertwined with the river that sustains them.
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 2016
I traveled with the US Fish and Wildlife Service as an artist in residence to Arctic Village, a village of 120 Gwich’in people, and into the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. At 19 million acres, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the largest in the country, and is located entirely above the Arctic Circle. It is a land of strong contrasts, all at once vast and untouched, and still altered by climate change and the continued use of resources. By walking upon this land alongside the people who have existed here for a thousand generations, my ideals were tempered, yet my inspiration soared.
Traveling to these remote locations and being altered by the land, animals and people is a gift I know only one way to fully repay: with my creations. The final pieces are owned and used by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for education, inspiration, Native relations, and activism. Below you will view my sketchbook entries created in the field, portraits of elders in Arctic Village, and the final piece that includes the portrait of Trimble Gilbert, Gwich’in Elder of Arctic Village.
David Solomon, Arctic Village
Ernest Erick, Venetie
Trimble Gilbert, Arctic Village
Final Commission for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks
“As Above So Below: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge”
Featuring: Trimble Gilbert of Arctic Village
Through the layered complexities of the Arctic landscape, the continuity and the connection of all things surface. The Arctic loon calls out from the mouth of the Teedrinjik River, cutting through mighty mountains and sparse spruce forest. The call is met by the swans flying above and the caribou grazing below. Merging with the mountainside, Gwitch’in elder Trimble Gilbert bears a look that is telling of the depth of the People of the Caribou, their understanding of the land’s workings, and wondering what is to come.
Melting permafrost reveals that a land, even this vast and untouched, is subject to the effects of climate change. Here, in one of the wildest places on our planet, we find context and lessons for life. The importance of wilderness is immeasurable.
As above, so below. | biology |
https://geasbest.com/the-art-of-feline-hunting-a-natural-learning-process/ | 2023-10-03T16:53:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511170.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003160453-20231003190453-00371.warc.gz | 0.949077 | 477 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__66609514 | en | Have you ever wondered how cats become skilled hunters? Much like many other mammals, cats acquire their hunting prowess through a combination of instinct and learning, primarily from their mothers. This intriguing process involves a mix of observation, play, and innate abilities.
1. Learning from the Queen: The journey towards becoming a proficient hunter begins with the mother cat, known as the queen. She plays a pivotal role in teaching her kittens the fundamentals of hunting. The queen typically demonstrates hunting techniques through actions like stalking, pouncing, and capturing prey.
2. Play and Sibling Interaction: As kittens grow and develop, they engage in play sessions with their littermates. These play sessions are instrumental in refining their hunting skills. Through mock battles and playful hunting games with their siblings, kittens learn coordination, stealth, and agility, which are vital for successful hunting.
3. Observational Learning: Studies have highlighted the importance of observational learning in a kitten’s hunting education. Kittens that have the opportunity to watch their mother in action tend to become more proficient hunters than those who don’t have this privilege. It’s as if they are absorbing valuable lessons through careful observation.
4. Instinctual Abilities: Remarkably, even kittens who never have the chance to witness their mother hunt can often tap into their innate instincts to figure out hunting techniques on their own. Cats possess a natural predatory instinct that drives them to stalk and capture prey. This instinctual behavior can emerge even in the absence of formal training from their mother.
5. Putting Skills to Use: Once a cat has acquired hunting skills through these various methods, they may display their hunting behaviors in everyday situations. This might include playfully chasing after toys, attempting to catch a buzzing fly, or, in some cases, bringing real prey home. The prey can range from small creatures like mice and birds to larger game such as rabbits.
In essence, the journey of a cat’s hunting education is a fascinating blend of maternal guidance, playful interactions with littermates, observation, and instinctual abilities. While some cats may never have the chance to observe their mother’s hunting prowess, they often possess an inherent talent for stalking and capturing prey. This innate skill, honed through play and experience, underscores the timeless and primal nature of a cat’s hunting instincts. | biology |
https://stroked.live/2016/10/21/the-company-of-dogs/ | 2022-12-05T15:10:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711017.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205132617-20221205162617-00089.warc.gz | 0.932006 | 388 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__77122636 | en | According to https://www.medicalnewstoday.com — looking at “puppy dog eyes” triggers a 300% increase in a person’s oxytocin levels – the “love hormone” involved in maternal bonding.
According to https://www.Helpguide.org :
- Dogs in particular can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, ease loneliness, encourage exercise and playfulness, and even improve your cardiovascular health.
- One study even found that when people with borderline hypertension adopted dogs from a shelter, their blood pressure declined significantly within five months.
- People with dogs have lower blood pressure in stressful situations than those without pets.
- More than any other animal, dogs have evolved to become acutely attuned to humans and our behavior and emotions.
- While dogs are able to understand many of the words we use, they’re even better at interpreting our tone of voice, body language, and gestures.
- And like any good human friend, a loyal dog will look into your eyes to gauge your emotional state and try to understand what you’re thinking and feeling.
- Stroking, hugging, or otherwise touching a loving animal can rapidly calm and soothe us when we’re stressed or anxious.
- Playing with a dog or cat can elevate levels of serotonin and dopamine, which calm and relax.
- One of the reasons for these therapeutic effects is that dogs (and cats) fulfill the basic human need to touch.
- Taking a dog for a walk, hike, or run are fun and rewarding ways to fit healthy daily exercise into your schedule.
- Studies have shown that dog owners are far more likely to meet their daily exercise requirements
- And exercising every day is great for the animal as well. It will deepen the connection between you, eradicate most behavior problems in dogs, and keep your pet fit and healthy. | biology |
https://www.a1mountainrealty.com/tick-prevention-and-removal/ | 2024-02-24T05:29:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474523.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224044749-20240224074749-00775.warc.gz | 0.93383 | 457 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__165022497 | en | While partaking in High Country activities, such as hiking to a waterfall or overlook or fishing on the banks of one of the area’s stocked trout streams, the chances of picking up a tick are highest in the warm summer months. Because ticks carry diseases such as Lyme Disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, it is important to prevent tick bites.
Tick prevention comes in several forms. A bug spray containing DEET will deter ticks from attaching to you. Other options include treating your clothes with a spray on insect repellant, which lasts through about six washes. Tick repellant clothing which protects wearers from ticks is another good option. This clothing provides protection from ticks which lasts through 70 washings.
When prevention isn’t possible, quick removal of the tick is essential. The longer a tick is attached, the greater chance that a disease will be transmitted. The only method which should be used for tick removal is the use of tweezers. Any other method, including squeezing the tick, putting alcohol on it, or holding a hot match to the tick will only increase the chances of spreading disease from the tick to your body.
To remove a tick, use a pair of tweezers and pinch the tick as close as possible to your skin. Pull in the opposite direction from which the tick is embedded.
Once the tick is removed, be sure to wash the bite area and your hands well with soap and water or alcohol to reduce the chance of infection. Place the tick in a plastic bag and write on it the date the tick was removed. In the event you begin experiencing symptoms related to a tick bite, the tick can be tested to determine whether or not it carried disease.
Be sure to call your doctor if you are unable to remove the tick, or if the ticks head remains in your skin after removal. It is time to call the doctor if you feel weak or very sick, have a headache or fever 2 to 14 days after the bite, a rash develops 2 to 14 days after the bite, or if the bite looks infected.
For more information on tick bite prevention or removal, visit the website for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/ | biology |
https://steezehub.com/diabetes-pt-3-laboratory-investigations-in-diabetes/11770/ | 2024-02-28T18:53:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474744.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228175828-20240228205828-00489.warc.gz | 0.932602 | 731 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__62886857 | en | Diabetes presents with very high glucose levels in blood. It is essential that every individual does a regular check on the blood glucose levels.
The more routine laboratory investigations for diagnosis of diabetes are fasting blood glucose (FBG), random blood glucose (RBG) and urine glucose tests. The less routine investigations include 2-hour post prandial (2-hr PPG) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Glycated Hemoglobin (HB A1C) test is relegated for the management of diabetes.
The FBG test is the most common method used in diagnosis. It measures the amount of glucose in the blood after fasting for 8-12 hours. After the fast: Normal blood glucose level should be between 3.6-5.9mmol/L; Blood glucose level of 6.0-6.9mmol/L is referred to as border line and individuals with such levels stand the chance of developing diabetes in the future; Blood glucose level greater than 7.0mmol/L is deemed hyperglycemia (above normal glucose level) and could be as a result of diabetes. The same idea is employed in the RBG test, except that fasting is not a prerequisite of this test. The reference ranges for the RBG are therefore different (a little higher) than those of the FBG. When the blood glucose reaches a threshold (usually above 11mmol/L), it starts appearing in urine. This is when the urine glucose test is employed in telling if one is diabetic.
The 2-hr PPG and OGTT tests are based on the same principle; how glucose is responded to and regulated by an individual’s system. If they are to be done, they are commenced right after a routine FBG which gives a base line. For the 2-hr PPG, the individual is given a carbohydrate laden meal and blood samples taken every 30minutes for blood glucose measurement for 2 hours. For the OGTT, the individual is given glucose solution (usually 70g of glucose in 300mls of water) and blood samples taken every 1hour for blood glucose measurement for 3 hours. The OGTT test has replaced the 2-hr PPG since it is more sensitive and controlled. A curve is drawn from a graph of glucose level against time and compared to the normal for inferences to be made.
The HB A1C test is used in monitoring the blood glucose levels over 3-4months. HB A1C is basically hemoglobin with bound glucose. In diabetics, the high level of blood glucose induces the binding of some of the glucose to hemoglobin. The life span of red blood cells is 120days. When a diabetic with high HB A1C starts a management regimen, the regimen is deemed effective if after 3-4months (approximation of 120days), the HB A1C comes down to reduced or normal levels. This is because in 3-4months, new red cells would have replaced the old ones and being exposed to the low levels of blood glucose due to the regimen, there wouldn’t be inducement for binding. However, if the regimen is ineffective, the HB A1C level remains high after 3-4months because the new red cells would still be exposed to high levels of blood glucose, and binding of glucose to hemoglobin would be induced.
Know your blood glucose level. Kindly contact +233540666781
This article was written by Joseph Ofori and reviewed by Arnold Agyapong Prempeh, both professional Medical Laboratory Scientists. | biology |
https://www.offshoretollers.com/thetoller/toller-health/ | 2023-09-25T03:25:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506676.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925015430-20230925045430-00074.warc.gz | 0.913117 | 801 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__277512207 | en | Tollers are generally healthy. However, like almost all dog breeds, they have specific potential genetic disorders. Luckily Toller breeders have several DNA tests available that allow us to avoid producing them. When you are searching for your next Toller please ensure the breeder is testing the Sire/Dam for the following:
- Hip Dysplasia – an abnormal formation of the hip socket that can lead to severe arthritis and lameness.
- Cardiac – A check for any malformation of the heart or great vessels.
- Eyes (CAER) – A check for any inherited eye disease.
- Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) – an inherited disease causing defects in the formation of the eye.
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) – a group of diseases that cause the retina of the eye to degenerate slowly over time.
- Juvenile Addison’s Disease (JADD) – a rare, early onset, chronic endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones.
- Cleft Palate (CP1) – a birth defect whereby a hole in the roof of the mouth develops while the puppy is in utero.
- Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) – A debilitating disease that causes gradual paralysis
- Degenerative Encephalopathy (DE) – a new neurodegenerative disease
THE DYSPLASTIC HIP JOINT
Hip Dysplasia is a terrible genetic disease because of the various degrees of arthritis (also called degenerative joint disease, arthrosis, osteoarthrosis) it can eventually produce, leading to pain and debilitation.
The very first step in the development of arthritis is articular cartilage (the type of cartilage lining the joint) damage due to the inherited bad biomechanics of an abnormally developed hip joint. Traumatic articular fracture through the joint surface is another way cartilage is damaged. With cartilage damage, lots of degradative enzymes are released into the joint. These enzymes degrade and decrease the synthesis of important constituent molecules that form hyaline cartilage called proteoglycans. This causes the cartilage to lose its thickness and elasticity, which are important in absorbing mechanical loads placed across the joint during movement. Eventually, more debris and enzymes spill into the joint fluid and destroy molecules called glycosaminoglycan and hyaluronate which are important precursors that form the cartilage proteoglycans. The joint’s lubrication and ability to block inflammatory cells are lost and the debris-tainted joint fluid loses its ability to properly nourish the cartilage through impairment of nutrient-waste exchange across the joint cartilage cells. The damage then spreads to the synovial membrane lining the joint capsule and more degradative enzymes and inflammatory cells stream into the joint. Full thickness loss of cartilage allows the synovial fluid to contact nerve endings in the subchondral bone, resulting in pain. In an attempt to stabilize the joint to decrease the pain, the animal’s body produces new bone at the edges of the joint surface, joint capsule, ligament and muscle attachments (bone spurs). The joint capsule also eventually thickens and the joint’s range of motion decreases.
No one can predict when or even if a dysplastic dog will start showing clinical signs of lameness due to pain. There are multiple environmental factors such as caloric intake, level of exercise, and weather that can affect the severity of clinical signs and phenotypic expression (radiographic changes). There is no rhyme or reason to the severity of radiographic changes correlated with the clinical findings. There are a number of dysplastic dogs with severe arthritis that run, jump, and play as if nothing is wrong and some dogs with barely any arthritic radiographic changes that are severely lame. | biology |
https://coropurehoney.co.nz/about/ | 2021-03-01T20:26:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178362899.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20210301182445-20210301212445-00103.warc.gz | 0.938181 | 482 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__19620549 | en | Coromandel Pure Honey is a small boutique family owned business located at Eagle’s Nest, which is nestled in the hills of Pauanui, located on the pristine Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand.
We are very passionate about the environment and the plight of the honeybee and in turn the future we leave for our next generations.
The beautiful gardens of Eagle’s Nest are rich with native manuka, pohutukawa, puriri and other native trees, along with a stunning range of native and exotic flowering plants fueling the production of stunning manuka and mutifloral honey that has a unique taste.
Coromandel Pure honey is sold in its most natural state. Keeping the honey raw and unpasteurised, the honey is filtered through only mesh strainers and straight into the jar in a hygienic and certified honey kitchen. Samples are taken and tested not only for the manuka concentrations but also to ensure there are no toxins that are harmful to humans.
Coromandel Pure Honey sells honey and pure beeswax food wraps to organic shops and information centres throughout towns on the Coromandel Peninsula. All products can also be purchased online.
Coromandel Pure Honey also hosts prestige hands-on beekeeping and honey tasting tours through the beautiful Eagle’s Nest gardens. The bee tour starts with a short lesson about the importance of bees and their lifecycle, before guests put on their own beekeeper’s suits, before walking through the native bush on a purpose-built shell path linking beehive sites together high up on a mountainside in Pauanui. With European honey bees and Bumble bees coming to and from their own handcrafted wooden homes, you can witness queen bees in action and learn about the role they play in their hives, the rearing of new honey bees, and mature foragers coming to and from their hives with rich pollen and nectar sources. Learn about the different stages of how honey is created after the nectar is brought back to the hive by the bees and how they turn it into delicious honey.
To top it all off at the end, take off your bee suit and sit on our stunning deck with breathtaking views overlooking the ocean and the Coromandel Peninsula coast, whilst enjoying a delicious morning or afternoon tea, including a Raw Honey tasting experience!! | biology |
https://www.c5-online.com/blog/what-constitutes-a-human-embryo-cjeu-to-revisit-controversial-issue/ | 2024-04-20T09:49:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817576.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420091126-20240420121126-00063.warc.gz | 0.95357 | 1,050 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__35226389 | en | Dr Beatriz San Martín Field Fisher Waterhouse LLP On 17 April the UK High Court made a reference to the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”), requesting that the term “human embryos” in Article 6(2) of the Directive 98/44/EC, commonly referred to as the Biotech Directive, be clarified. The referral focuses on whether artificially stimulated ova that are incapable of developing to term should nevertheless be classified as human embryos. Background International Stem Cell Corporation (ISC) applied to patent a new method for activating an oocyte in the absence of sperm through parthenogenesis, the initiation of embryonic cell development without fertilisation, using a variety of chemical and electrical techniques. The technique is viewed as a vital method for producing human embryonic stem cells for research purposes. An ovum activated in such a way is known as a parthenote and contains half the amount of genetic material found in fertilised cells; they contain a set of maternally derived chromosomes but cannot develop to full term due to the absence of paternal chromosomes. Development can occur to different stages after activation but typically parthenotes only reach the blastocyst stage, about five days after activation and develop no further. In contrast to fertilised cells, parthenotes are not considered as totipotent, in that they do not have the capacity to produce a complete human being. They are instead considered as pluripotent being only capable of differentiating into embryonic tissues, such as those for the lungs, bones or nervous system, but not extra-embryonic tissues, such as the placenta. The case The case was an appeal by ISC to the High Court following the decision of the UK IPO to refuse two UK patent applications in the name of ISC, both relating to stem cell research. The refusal was made on the basis that paragraph 3(d) of schedule A2 of the Patents Act 1977 (implementing the Biotech Directive) specifically excludes from patentability ‘uses of human embryos for industrial and commercial purposes’. The CJEU considered parthenogenesis before in Brüstle where, in the context of the Biotech Directive, a wide interpretation was given to what constitutes a “human embryo”. The Court concluded that (emphasis added): “That classification [of a ‘human embryo’] must also apply to … a non-fertilised human ovum whose division and further development have been stimulated by parthenogenesis. Although those organisms have not, strictly speaking, been the object of fertilisation, due to the effect of the technique used to obtain them they are, as is apparent from the written observations presented to the Court, capable of commencing the process of development of a human being just as an embryo created by fertilisation of an ovum can do so.” On addressing this point, ISC said that the only sensible way of interpreting Brüstle was to question what is meant by ‘capable of commencing the process of development of a human being’. According to ISC, clarification is needed on whether an organism must: (a) be capable of commencing the process of development which leads to a human being; or (b) be capable of commencing the process of development even if that process is incapable of leading to a human being. ISC argued that the test adopted by the CJEU was directed at the first alternative because a parthenote is not totipotent and therefore whilst it can commence the process of development it can never actually lead to the full development of a human being, therefore it should not fall within the patent exclusion for a ‘human embryo’. The High Court ruled that the issue was not ‘acte clair’ and has referred the matter to the CJEU for determination. In expressing his own view, Henry Carr QC, sitting as Chancery judge, said he felt that parthenotes were not the same as fertilised ova at any stage and that if the process of development was incapable of leading to a human being, then it should not be excluded from patentability. This author agrees entirely with this position. Comment Capturing commercial value from stem cell research would be far easier under a narrower definition of what constitutes a ‘human embryo’ in terms of patentability. Despite stem cells having the potential to revolutionise the treatment of human conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and spinal injuries, the current caution from the pharma industry and reluctance from venture capital houses mean that research is underfunded and yet to reach its full potential. The field is laden with controversy but the law has to strike a balance between encouraging investment in biotechnology and the need to respect the principles safeguarding the integrity of the person. In considering the Biotech Directive and the potential for stem cell technologies to transform medicine, the Court emphasised that excluding processes which are incapable of leading to a human being would not strike a balance at all and was “more akin to a total exclusion from patent protection of the fruits of stem cell research, to the detriment of European industry and public health”. | biology |
https://jjsbelgium.com/time-to-meet-new-friends/?lang=en | 2022-06-25T01:37:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103033925.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220625004242-20220625034242-00696.warc.gz | 0.948706 | 668 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__10018561 | en | Time to meet new friends!
Time to meet our new friends. Just like us, they love bamboo. They like to eat bamboo! Not the thick fully grown sticks that we use in our clothing, but the soft leaves, young green twigs and shoots.
Pandas spend most of the day eating. In the Chinese mountains it is usually very cold. To stay warm, pandas need a lot of energy. So they have to eat a lot, up to 40 kilos of bamboo per day. To achieve this, the pandas need to eat fourteen hours a day.
Research has shown that pandas do not actually digest their favorite foods at all, barely 17% are digested.
Did you know that the panda is very slow because it puts a lot of energy into chewing the tough bamboo and detoxing its meal?
Bamboo, especially the new shoots, contain a highly toxic substance, called bamboo-kun. This is an antimicrobial agent that gives the plant a natural resistance to pests, bacteria and fungi.
This is responsible for the great properties of our clothing: Antibacterial and anti-allergic. Bamboo clothing is well tolerated by the skin and you stay fresh longer on hot days.
The panda that eats the bamboo is less happy with this, it causes him trouble with digestion.
But the panda is completely adapted to this. Evolutionary, he has armed himself against the poison and has learned to tolerate it well.
Pandas are solitary animals. That means that they live alone, and not in pairs or in a group. Pandas only come together during mating season.
Is bamboo cultivation good or bad for the panda population?
Don’t worry, we will keep away from the natural habitat of the panda. We do not cut the bamboo from the natural habitat of the panda, this is protected area. Pandas eat Bashania faniana bamboo, this is the most common species in the mountain regions of China where the panda lives.
For the production of our fabrics and clothing choose Moso Bamboo. Moso or Groove bamboo is extremely suitable for processing into textiles and as a substitute for wood.
More bamboo cultivation has a positive effect on the environment. It offers an alternative source for the wood, construction sector and textile industry. This way deforestation is prevented.
Did you know:
• The scientific name for the panda is Ailuropoda Melanoleuca. Melanoleuca means black and white in Latin and that is exactly the color of the fur of the Panda.
• The Chinese name of the panda is 大熊猫 (dà xióng māo). That literally means big bear cat.
• The name panda as we know it comes from the Nepalese word Poonya, which means bamboo eater.
• A giant panda has 6 fingers: 5 normal fingers and an extra finger that helps hold the bamboo.
• A panda is busy chewing bamboo 14 hours a day, because bamboo is very tough and difficult to digest.
• At birth, a panda weighs approximately 150 grams (= the weight of a kiwi). He is 900 times lighter than his mother. | biology |
https://www.wallis.co.il/pelvic-floor-therapy-for-men/ | 2022-01-18T22:52:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301063.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220118213028-20220119003028-00553.warc.gz | 0.963906 | 259 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__30883016 | en | Although Pelvic Floor Therapy is usually associated as a women’s health issue. Pelvic Floor dysfunction is often found in pregnant women and after giving birth.
However many men also suffer from symptoms which are associated with Pelvic floor dysfunction and many of us guys are not even aware that there is even a problem with these muscles.
Pelvic floor muscles are a group of supportive muscles stretching from the tailbone at the back of the spine ant attach to the pubic bones at the front.
1) These muscles support the pelvic organs, bladder, and bowel, so that they don’t fall down and drop from the pelvic area.
2) Pelvic floor muscles also control the sphincters which include the anus and the urethra.
3) They are also important in erectile function during sex.
Physiotherapy evaluation and treatment by a pelvic floor therapist can strengthen or release the particular muscles around the pelvic floor. As a therapist specializing in the field of Men’s health it is of utmost importance to educate men of all ages about their bodies.
Knowledge and understanding about the reasons for the symptoms in the Pelvic floor together with treatment can greatly improve quality of life for men who has problems with bladder or erectile function. | biology |
http://www.materials.kit.edu/138.php | 2021-01-17T21:15:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703513194.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210117205246-20210117235246-00293.warc.gz | 0.887899 | 229 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__114931325 | en | BioInterfaces in Technology and Medicine (BIFTM)
Innovative approaches for controlling living systems provide a paradigmatic solution to major societal problems. Existing strategies frequently lack the specificity and efficacy demanded by modern medicine and biotechnology. More worrying, for certain applications, even after decades of research there are still no reasonable strategies to control living systems. Thus, the overarching challenge of the programme BioInterfaces in Technology and Medicine (BIFTM) is to develop new key technologies to control living systems.
Please find further information on the BIFTM homepage.
Science and Technology of Nanosystems (STN)
The Helmholtz Research Programme STN takes on the challenge of controlling and shaping materials from the atomic and molecular up to the macroscopic scale to explore their entire potential of novel functionalities.
STN is dedicated towards research and development of
- quantum phenomena and molecular building blocks
- new and novel functional materials
- new optical and photonic systems
Our activities span the entire range from fundamental science to high performance technologies and integrated systems.
Please find further information on the STN homepage. | biology |
http://academia.cat/Portal/academia/Tauler-d-anuncis/Detall-Anunci/_cj6sYlZH3kbuh3K8_wUaXm6E5qFwbV3VH71Rmd44YNc | 2017-05-23T01:25:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607245.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170523005639-20170523025639-00073.warc.gz | 0.861128 | 274 | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-22__0__71771263 | en | |Postdoctoral research fellow position at the Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD|
We have an opening for a post-doctoral fellow to carry out research in the field of primary immune deficiency and immune dysregulation disorders. The position is available immediately and the position is offered for an initial term of 2 years, with the possibility of additional years based on accomplishments.
The candidate must have received a Ph.D. or equivalent degree in Biological Science (cell biology/life science/immunology/molecular biology) and have experience handling human samples, primary cell culture, flow cytometry, and molecular biology tools (e.g., cloning, transfection, PCR, sequencing, western blotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, etc.). The candidate must have a strong background, and a strong interest, in human immunology and molecular biology.
Information about NIH postdoctoral fellows’ stipends could be found at https://researchtraining.nih.gov/
To apply, please send inquires containing a cover letter, CV with a description of previous research, list of publications and contact information for 3 references to Sergio D. Rosenzweig, MD, PhD, Chief Immunology Service, DLM, CC, NIH ([email protected]) | biology |
http://www.dangomola.com/blog | 2017-10-24T09:28:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187828356.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20171024090757-20171024110757-00206.warc.gz | 0.965839 | 5,310 | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-43__0__284375554 | en | The end of summer brings on many changes in the White-tailed Deer, especially the male, also called a buck. As their antlers grow during the summer, bucks live alone or join bachelor groups. Female deer (doe) and their babies (fawns) remain a family unit for up to a year or until the doe gives birth the next spring. In late summer, the does and fawns are plentiful in the fields at dusk.
This doe was crossing a field of Queen Anne's Lace to get to her fawns waiting at the edge.
As the deer begin to shed their summer coat and their brown-gray winter coat grows, the velvet on the buck begins to die and get rubbed off. That is when things start to happen.
The winter coat of this albino deer will remain white but the velvet begins to be shed as expected. If you look closely, you can see blood on his left ear where the velvet has begun to come off.
Many people would argue that this is a leucistic deer and not an albino deer. Let's explore the differences.
Albinism is caused when they have little or no melanin in their bodies. The hair is white because it lacks pigment and the skin appears to be pink because the flowing blood shows through the deer's pale skin. They generally have pink eyes but they sometimes have pale blue eyes. Albinism negatively affects their eyesight as well.
Leucism is a condition in which there is partial loss of pigmentation resulting in white, pale, or patchy fur. Patchy fur is referred to as Pie-bald. Leucism does not affect the eyes or nose so the eyes remain brown and the nose remains black.
Because of the pink skin that is very noticeable on the ears and nose and the pale blue eyes, it's hard to deny he is an albino.
During this time of year, the food source begins to change and testosterone begins to build. As the bucks shed their velvet, the bachelor groups begin to disband. All the deer you enjoyed watching the past few months are no longer easy to find. As fall approaches, the fields of soy bean plants and other plants the deer love begin to yellow and acorns begin to drop. Their feeding patterns change from the fields to oak trees growing throughout the forest. The dense forest will give them more cover as they feed on their favorite fall harvest.
The life span of an albino deer is shorter than a normal colored deer. One reason is that they cannot hide as well and predators can find them easier. In the photo below, the albino has completed his shed but the small buck next to him is still in the process of rubbing it off.
As velvet sheds, they do not tolerate humans as much and they move more cautiously. A short three weeks ago you could pull off to the side of the road in your car to watch big deer munching on Soy Bean leaves. Now, they are simply not the same deer.
All of the photographs in this blog were made in very low light. Camera shutter speeds were slowed and ISO (sensitivity level of the camera's sensor) was set much higher than I normally set it. Results were not always the best as I recorded many blurry ears and tails swishing at the flies and blurry lower jaws as they chewed the soy bean leaves. I am happy to get what I got and I am equally thrilled to be able to share these beautiful animals with you.
The photo below is an example of everything I said above. I found this lone buck one evening exiting the woods were I was set up in a blind. He was heading toward a huge oak tree where the acorns were already hitting the ground. His coat is in transition between his summer and winter coat and his remaining velvet is barely hanging on.
Seeing an albino deer is a rarity so I made four or five visits to the area he was known to feed. There were several other deer in the area and a few really big bucks. The really big bucks didn't get that way by being friendly. I don't have any photos because they didn't take too kindly to me lifting a Canon (600mm lens) through the window of my vehicle.
I think the white-tailed Deer is one of the most beautiful animals roaming the earth. Although the antlered deer are what we're watching for as the mating season gets closer, I still spend time photographing the females and their little ones too. This next photo is a doe and her two fawns. Although the spots have faded as their winter coat comes in, they are still noticeably smaller than mom.
This little guy still has some spots remaining.
I love photographing animal behavior. Unfortunately, I don't have time to do enough of it. Animal Behavior photography, in my opinion, is photography of wildlife in their natural setting without interrupting their activities and hopefully, discrete enough that they don't know you are there. Let's face it, you may be able to be hidden for a short time but animals have keen senses and discover anything that is different. At that point, our best hope is that you are hidden well enough that you don't pose a threat.
Photographing from a vehicle is a perfect example. Deer see a lot of vehicles drive by and never look up from their feeding. That makes vehicles a good blind as long as you remain in it.
I feel so fortunate when I am lucky enough to witness interaction between wildlife and their babies or even the show of affection like these two fawns grooming each other.
Here are a few more shots of the bucks feeding in the soy bean field.
I couldn't take my eyes, or my lens, off the two fawns in the back of the field.
The grooming continued. Doesn't it look like they are giving each other a hug?
Did you know that a deer's vision is better at night than it is during the day? Also, the colors green, orange, and red appear as shades of gray to the deer. I don't know that I would like that!
September is a time of pre-rut where testosterone builds in the males and hormones escalate in the females. Many bucks begin to "feel each other out" by sparring. Sparring is not an all-out dominance fight but more of an action of pushing each other around.
It was getting very dark when I made this photograph. Most of my photos were blurry but I managed to save a couple like the one below.
When it gets too dark for photos I switch to video until it gets too dark. This video contains clips of bucks sparring along the woodland edge. There were several cars or trucks that drove by during these clips and a few stopped to watch. Unfortunately, most people leave their car running so my microphone picks that up. Hopefully, you can ignore the annoying background noise.
I hope you enjoyed these pre-rut photographs and video. Watch for a November photo blog documenting my White-tailed Deer rut season.
Thanks for looking,
According to the calendar, autumn has arrived. If you’ve walked outside of your northeast home lately, you’ve noticed it still feels like August. With temperatures in the 80’s, we humans make the appropriate adjustments to enjoy the prolonged “summer”. Wildlife and nature, on the other hand, keeps doing what it does in October.
Goldenrod is in bloom, Pokeweed berries are ripening, many wildflowers turned to seed, the sweet and bitter fruits and nuts are ripening into nutrition to be eaten and cached by wildlife, and finally, the deep greens of our summer foliage has begun to turn into yellow and red hues across our landscape.
I have been consumed with Elk, White-tailed Deer, and fall songbird migration photography lately but in the process, there are always special moments and sights to capture in my camera. This photo blog is a compilation of photos and a short video displaying wildlife and nature seen during my time “in the field” the last couple months.
I hope you enjoy these late summer photographs such as this Gray Catbird perched in the, yet-to-ripen, Pokeweed plant.
The setting sun is like a spotlight on the thin ears of the Cottontail Rabbit.
When we bought this property 20 years ago, I was happy to find it is in the middle of several Eastern Black Walnut trees. Yes, they are messy but I don't have to pick up the fallen fruit. My yard is a popular place in the fall when all the neighborhood Gray Squirrels come to gather nuts. I put down lime on certain parts of my lawn to reduce the acidity from the husks the squirrels leave behind. Keeping the trees is the least I can do to help them through the winter.
This bird nesting box has been empty for several months now but this Tufted Titmouse had to check if anyone was home.
Elena and I were in Benezette for a long weekend to photograph the Elk rut. It happened to be during a hot and dry stretch of weather. It affected photography of the rut because the heat would force the elk into the woods earlier in the morning and keep them in there longer in the evening. It wasn't a great weekend for elk photography but I did grab a few interesting shots of other topics.
Here is a Cedar Waxwing perched on a Pokeweed plant.
If you've ever been to Benezette, or any mountainous area for that matter, you will realize that the morning usually greets you with heavy fog. Of course, fog leaves behind dew.
When the sun finally emerged this one morning in Benezette, we were greeted by several hundred dew drenched spider webs glistening in the fields.
Below is a photograph of a Banded Garden Spider and an interesting tidbit I found about web construction from the Department of Entomology at Penn State University.
"A behavioral study of web construction determined that the majority of Argiope trifasciata orient their webs along an east-to-west axis. The spiders hang head-down in the center of the web with their abdomens facing south. Since the underside (venter) of the spider is mostly black, the orientation of both web and spider is believed to maximize solar radiation for heat gain—an important consideration for spiders that are active late in the year."
Waiting for elk to emerge in the evening can be a snoozefest if you let it happen. Instead, I watched several Monarch butterflies visiting the flowering Goldenrod that dappled the landscape. The journey in front of this butterfly is amazing when you think about it. The monarch is this large-winged insect that weighs 1/2 gram or less and seems to be at the mercy of whichever way the wind is blowing. The journey it is on will take him to the final destination of Mexico or southern California where it is warm year round.
On one of my more productive elk visits to Benezette I got to spend the day with my good friend Tom Dorsey, who lives in that region of the state. After spending a very good morning with the elk, Tom took me on a tour of many of the back roads through the mountains and Elk State Forest. Once Tom drove us out of the area I am familiar with, I had no idea where I was. By the way, I keep mentioning elk with no photos. The elk photos will be in an upcoming blog about my experiences during the 2017 elk rut.
Close to the end of my tour, Tom took me to a place called Shaggers Inn Pond. It is tucked away in the forest of Clearfield County. We spent about an hour there watching the birds including a Bald Eagle all the way down in size to fall songbirds chirping in the bushes. Shaggers Inn PondClearfield County, PA
Back in western Pennsylvania, wildlife photography opportunities continue. One day, I spotted a few Wild Turkey and several of their poults (babies). The field grasses were too high to photograph the poults so here is one of the adults.
One day, while photographing birds in my back yard, I saw this Gray Squirrel sitting in the fork of a tree gnawing the husk from the fruit of one of my Eastern Black Walnut trees.
I have a trail cam that I move around my backyard to see how my bird feeders get emptied over night and see what might be coming in to get a drink or bath at the fish pond. All summer, I've had two Raccoons visit now and then. So far, my fish have been safe. One morning, I noticed one of the Raccoons in a large, hollow maple tree that was here long before we were. It was very early in the morning and I think he was ready for a day of napping.
He found a spot to relax.
I'd like to share a short video of clips made in my backyard. I love to watch the American Goldfinsh pulling seeds from the dried Echinacea flower. Also in the video is the Gray Squirrel peeling the husk from a walnut you saw earlier in this blog. And, of course, I have to share video of the Raccoon in the tree.
One evening my friend, Jake Dingel, and I went out looking for White-tailed Deer. We were hoping to find them in the process of shedding their velvet. On our way past a marsh, we spotted a Green Heron perched on a stump in the water. We stopped and photographed the bird.
The heron caught me off guard when he lunged to make a catch and I didn't get any photos worth sharing. This photo was after he returned to the stump with a small frog.
I wish I had my macro lens instead of only the 600mm when I saw this Praying Mantis. It could be a little sharper but it is still worth sharing.
One Saturday morning, after reports of a rare Sabine's Gull being seen at a lake about an hour away in Clarion County, Elena and I decided to go see the bird. Unfortunately, the day before was the last time it was seen as it continued on its migration.
During our wait at the lake, we spotted several fall warblers that I will share in an upcoming photo blog. We also got to watch this Osprey dive into the water and retrieve a fish. Unfortunately, the wind was blowing into our face and since birds land, take off, and fish into the wind, its back was toward us the whole time. The only photos I have to share are after the catch, like the one below.
That's all for now. I hope you enjoyed this series of photos. Soon I will be sharing photos of White-tailed Deer and the American Elk herd in Pennsylvania. I hope you check back soon.
Thanks for looking,
August brings about another kind of migration to the northeast region of the United States. Shorebirds begin to make their yearly trek toward their winter homes. The Lake Erie shore attracts many of these shorebirds and one particular beach in northern Ohio is one of them. Not only does the beach at Conneaut, Ohio have the Lake Erie shoreline, there is also a large sand bar containing a mud flat (when it’s not flooded) and a photography friendly marshland.
The sand bar is a two hour drive for me so I don’t go very often, especially since most of the birds have lost their colorful breeding plumage. However, it is a good place to see a nice variety of birds.
In this photo blog, I’m going to show you a very difficult bird to find, our smallest heron, the Least Bittern. Then, I’ll share a few photos of a bird that has managed to avoid my camera lens until this year, the American Avocet. Then I’ll share a video containing clips of the Least Bittern, American Avocet, and more.
The Least Bittern is very well camouflaged, making it one of the most difficult North American marsh birds to spot.
The least bitten measures between 11 and 14 inches in length with its neck outstretched. When in a relaxed position, I’m guessing they are half of that.
The Least Bittern uses its long neck to search for and catch prey without leaving the perch. If you look closely, you can see the target on the Spatterdock leaf, a dragonfly.
The Least Bittern eats mostly small fish (such as minnows, sunfishes, and perch) and large insects (dragonflies and others); also crayfish, leeches, frogs, tadpoles, small snakes, and other items.
In this photo, this female bittern just caught a dragonfly nymph. (A dragonfly’s life span is about one year with very little of that time being spent as an adult dragonfly. A dragonfly nymph is the middle, and longest, stage between the egg and adulthood. During the nymph stage, they spend their time underwater so, unless you witness a Least Bittern catch one for a snack, you seldom see them.)
Bittern can feed in water that is too deep for them to walk in because of their habit of straddling reeds.
As I mentioned earlier, the Least Bittern is our smallest heron measuring between 11 and 14.2 inches in length. Even with a wingspan of 16 - 18 inches, it only weighs between 1.8 – 3.6 ounces.
The Least Bittern has adapted for life in dense marshes. As I previously mentioned, rather than wading in the water like larger herons, they move about the marsh clinging onto cattails and reeds with their long toes. It slips its thin body through even the most thickest marshes.
Because of its preferred habitat, it often goes unseen except when it flies. Perhaps the only way you will know one is nearby is because you hear its cooing and clucking call notes. However, sometimes you can find them in the open such as these bitterns I found hunting on the Spatterdock.
Until this day I’ve never seen an American Avocet. I was really happy to see at least one come to my shore today. At 16.9 to 18.5 inches in length, they are a lot larger than I thought they were.
Probably the most distinguishing mark of an American Avocet is their long, upturned bill. I would love to see one of these beautiful birds in the spring when they are in breeding plumage. In the photo below you can still see the fading rust color of its neck.
This avocet stayed at the edge of the shoreline, however, they do prefer shallow water and large mudflats.
Their diet consists mostly of small crustaceans and insects, also some seeds. They feed by walking through the water with the tips of their bills in the water and slightly open. They filter food items from below the water surface.
During migration, the birds need to eat and sleep during their stopovers. This avocet was preening for a little while and its eyes were beginning to close in the warm sun.
We had an interesting visitor one morning. As I and a small group of photographers and birders waited for the Least Bittern to venture into the open, this immature Great Blue Heron walked up on us and wasn't afraid at all.
As I promised, here is a short video of some of the birds that can be found in a marsh.
I hope you enjoyed this little compilation of photos from Conneaut, OH. There's always an adventure waiting around the next turn.
See you there,
I hope you have enjoyed the recent short blog posts highlighting some of the rare or seldom seem warblers in the western Pennsylvania region. It was a great, but tiring, spring season. Juggling work and home life, I managed to get out to photograph warblers on weekend mornings and evenings and a few vacation days here and there during the month of May.
I realize many readers have never seen some of these birds and that is a benefit of what I do. If you are able, I hope these photos encourage you to get out in nature and enjoy yourself. There is no happier moment than when you are out in nature, worries and concerns set aside, watching these little beauties decorate your world from the ground to the tree tops.
Sadly, many of these birds you are about to see are falling victim to human "progress". Urban development, among other things, are causing habitat loss in their breeding grounds. Breeding habitat is very specific for our songbirds. They can't simply go to the next standing tree or shrub! Steps of conservation are being taken but will it be enough? We, as shepherds of this land, need to be more concerned with the results of our actions in regards to wildlife.
I hope you enjoy the photos of the 28 species of warbler I photographed this spring. I thought I had 29 species until I found out about the reclassification of the Yellow-breasted Chat. I included him in the end of this blog for ol times sake.
Maybe these photos will encourage you to make plans to learn more about these little beauties and become more active in their future.
|American RedstartMale||American RedstartMale|
|Black-and-white WarblerMale||Black-and-white Warbler|
Black-throated Blue Warbler
|Black-throated Blue WarblerMale|
Black-throated Green Warbler
|Black-throated Green WarblerMale||Black-throated Green WarblerMale|
|Blackburnian WarblerMale||Blackburnian WarblerMale|
|Blue-winged WarblerMale||Blue-winged WarblerMale|
|Canada WarblerMale||Canada WarblerMale|
Cape May Warbler
|Cape May WarblerMale|
|Cerulean Warbler||Cerulean Warbler|
|Chestnut-sided WarblerMale||Chestnut-sided WarblerMale|
|Common YellowthroatMale||Common Yellowthroat|
|Golden-winged WarblerMale||Golden-winged WarblerMale|
|Hooded Warbler||Hooded Warbler|
|Kentucky Warbler||Kentucky WarblerMale|
|Louisiana Waterthrush||Louisiana Waterthrush|
|Magnolia WarblerMale||Magnolia WarblerMale|
|Mourning WarblerMale||Mourning WarblerMale|
|Northern Parula||Northern Parula|
|Pine WarblerMale||Pine WarblerMale|
|Prairie WarblerMale||Prairie WarblerMale|
|Prothonotary WarblerMale||Prothonotary Warbler|
|Worm-eating Warbler||Worm-eating Warbler|
|Yellow WarblerMale||Yellow WarblerFemale|
|Yellow-rumped WarblerMale||Yellow-rumped Warbler|
|Yellow-throated Warbler||Yellow-throated Warbler|
|Yellow-breasted ChatMale (Black Lores)||Yellow-breasted ChatMale (Black Lores)|
Thanks for looking,
The Yellow-breasted Chat is the largest of our warblers. At least it was our largest warbler. After writing the original version of this blog I found out the warbler classification of the Yellow-breasted Chat is in jeopardy because of several changes being proposed by the the American Ornithological Society's North and Middle American Classification Committee. Here is a partial quote from the proposal. "The Yellow-breasted Chat is no longer part of the wood-warbler family, Parulidae, and gets its own family Icteriidae, not be confused with the blackbird family Icteridae." Well, the change is official and if you care to read about it, you can here.
Regardless of its classification, the Yellow-breasted Chat is a pretty cool bird. If you hope to see one, you better look in the spring while the male is singing for a mate or protecting his territory because they are fairly quiet the rest of the summer.
|YellowBreastedChatRangeMap||Yellow-breasted ChatMale (Black Lores)|
One of the fun moments of bird photography is when the bird sits on a branch for an extended period of time and preens. The preening session usually ends with a total body fluff-up like this male is doing in the next photograph. Notice the black coloration in the region between the eye and the nostrils? That area is called the lores. A male chat has black lores and the female has gray lores. Yellow-breasted ChatMale (Black Lores)
Although the Yellow-breasted Chat's population has declined in parts of the southwest, their population is mostly stable. As more eastern forests are being cleared to create brushy habitat, their population has been increasing. Keep in mind when I refer to "forests being cleared" I don't mean for urban development. That doesn't help their population at all. Clearing forests is a good thing when old growth is logged out creating habitat for many birds that prefer new-growth areas.
Thanks for looking, | biology |
http://uepcertified.com/egg-farm-sustainability/ | 2017-06-23T05:00:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320003.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623045423-20170623065423-00253.warc.gz | 0.931017 | 272 | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-26__0__160911001 | en | As demands placed on agriculture to meet the world’s growing population become ever greater, sustainability is much more than a buzzword. Today’s egg farms use water and arable cropland more efficiently, while using less fuel, compared to farms 50 years ago. Quite simply, they do far more with considerably less.
Every aspect of the egg production process, from cultivating feed to raising the laying hens, has led to a reduced environmental footprint.
Due to increased feed efficiency, advancements in hen housing and manure management, egg farms now use less water and energy on a daily basis and release less polluting emissions.
A study by the Egg Industry Center demonstrates how the egg community has reduced its environmental footprint over the last 50 years through improved hen feed, better disease control and lower death loss, advancements in hen housing and subsequent reduction of natural resource use. Researchers conducted a life cycle assessment, comparing 1960 and 2010 U.S. egg production to evaluate environmental impacts encompassing every aspect from cultivating feeds to raising the laying hens.
Hens housed in cages under the UEP Certified program use 15 to 25 percent less feed per egg than hens in cage-free or free-range environments. These UEP Certified farms also have smaller carbon footprints due to lower feed usage, more efficient use of natural resources and less land usage. | biology |
http://therapy.epnet.com/nat/GetContent.asp?siteid=EBSCO&chunkiid=38390 | 2019-09-21T07:12:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574286.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20190921063658-20190921085658-00064.warc.gz | 0.833551 | 7,081 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__56196890 | en | • Generalized Seizures; Partial Complex Seizures; Seizure Disorder; Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
• Ketogenic Diet; Nutritional Support
Other Proposed Natural Treatments
• Acupuncture; Electromagnetic Therapy (rTMS); Fish Oil; Food Allergen Identification and Avoidance; Manganese; Melatonin; Nigella sativa; Taurine; Traditional Chinese Herbal Remedies (Saiko-Keishi-To and Sho-Saiko-To) ; Yoga
Herbs and Supplements to Avoid
• 5-HTP; 2-Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE); Ginkgo; Glutamine; Hyssop; Ipriflavone; Japanese Star Anise; Nicotinamide; White Willow
Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain that causes recurrent episodes called seizures. A seizure is sometimes described as an electrical storm in the brain leading to abnormal movements, sensations, and states of consciousness. In reality, however, it is more orderly than a storm. During a seizure, nerves function in an abnormally synchronized manner, a kind of lockstep that can continue for seconds or minutes. The results range from mild changes in awareness to violent convulsions.
Isolated seizures can occur for many reasons. The term epilepsy is applied when a person has recurrent seizures with no known treatable cause. If the seizure occurs in a localized part of the brain, it is called a partial seizure . If it affects much of brain, it is called a generalized seizure .
The most common forms of generalized seizures are absence seizures (petit mal) and tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal). Petit mal seizures involve a brief lapse of consciousness that occurs suddenly and lasts for a brief time before disappearing; there are usually no symptoms afterward. A grand mal seizure involves: loss of consciousness, convulsions of the body, tongue biting, and often urination. A state of confusion follows the seizure.
Partial seizures come in three main varieties. They can be simple (involving just an arm, for example) or complex (involving more complicated movements and loss of consciousness). Finally, some may turn into generalized seizures. There are several medications used to treat epilepsy, generally with considerable success. Most of these drugs can cause significant side effects, though. Fortunately, some of these side effects may be partially correctable through nutrient supplementation (see the Nutritional Support section).
Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
There are no well-established herbs or supplements for the treatment of epilepsy. However, a number of supplements may be useful for treating nutritional deficiencies caused by anticonvulsant drugs. Besides herbs and supplements, the ketogenic diet might be helpful for controlling seizures in children.
Note : Epilepsy is far too serious a condition for self-treatment. For this reason, none of the treatments listed below should be used without the advice and supervision of a doctor.
Before drug treatments for epilepsy were invented, scientists noticed that fasting tends to reduce seizure frequency. Subsequent investigation pinned down a metabolic state called ketosis as the causative factor. Ketosis occurs during fasting and also while consuming a diet high in fat and very low in carbohydrates (the ketogenic diet).
When effective anticonvulsant drugs were developed, the ketogenic diet fell into disfavor, but in recent years medical interest has returned. Today, the diet is seeing increased use in the treatment of people who do not respond fully to standard medications. Most studies have involved children because they tend to be more agreeable than adults to the diet.
Evidence suggests that the ketogenic diet may almost completely stop seizures in about half of all children with epilepsy and reduce seizure frequency less dramatically in another third. 1-6 Unfortunately, the ketogenic diet can cause side effects, such as fatigue, nausea, reduced immunity, mental confusion, dehydration, constipation, and increased tendency to bruise. 2,3,7-13 Major side effects seen occasionally with certain forms of the ketogenic diet include kidney stones, gallstones, impaired liver function, severe hypoproteinemia (dangerously low levels of protein in the blood), and kidney injury. 14 Vitamin and mineral deficiency may also occur with some ketogenic diets, but the use of a multivitamin/multimineral supplement can easily prevent this. 15
Many drugs can impair the body’s ability to absorb or metabolize certain nutrients; however, anticonvulsants are particular offenders. Meaningful evidence indicates that common anticonvulsants interfere with the body’s handling of folate , biotin , calcium , vitamin D , and vitamin K . In addition, one anticonvulsant, valproic acid, affects the nutrient-like substance carnitine . For these reasons, it is often recommended that people using anticonvulsants take supplements that provide these nutrients.
However, there’s a potential catch to correcting such “nutrient depletions.” In some cases, taking the nutrient can impair the absorption or alter the metabolism of anticonvulsant drugs. In other cases, it is possible that nutrient depletion is part of how the anticonvulsant operates! For this reason, physician supervision is essential when taking any supplements.
Folate (also known as folic acid) is a B vitamin that plays an important role in many vital aspects of health. Unfortunately, most drugs used for preventing seizures can reduce levels of folate in the body. 16-21 In turn, low serum folate levels can cause elevated levels of homocysteine, possibly increasing the risk of heart disease. 22
Low folate levels are also linked to increased risk of a variety of birth defects. Because anticonvulsant drugs deplete folate, babies born to women taking anticonvulsants are at increased risk for such birth defects.
However, the case for taking extra folate is complicated by the fact that high folate levels may speed up the normal breakdown of phenytoin 19,21 and possibly other anticonvulsants. This could lead to breakthrough seizures. For this reason, folate supplementation during anticonvulsant therapy should always be supervised by a physician.
Numerous anticonvulsants can reduce body levels of the essential vitamin biotin , probably by interfering with its absorption. 23,24 Valproic acid may affect biotin to a lesser extent than other anticonvulsants.
It is not clear whether this biotin deficiency actually causes any problems. Nonetheless, it is not good to be short on any essential nutrient, and for this reason biotin supplementation has been recommended during long-term anticonvulsant therapy. Keep in mind, though, that the action of anticonvulsant drugs may be at least partly related to their effect on biotin levels. For this reason, physician supervision is strongly advised before adding biotin to an anticonvulsant regimen.
Many anticonvulsant drugs increase the risk of osteoporosis and other bone disorders. 25,26 This is believed to be due in part to the fact that they impair calcium metabolism (see also the sections on vitamin D and vitamin K below). Effects on calcium may also increase the tendency toward seizures by lowering blood levels of calcium. 26
Calcium supplementation may thus be beneficial for people taking anticonvulsant drugs. However, some studies indicate that antacids containing calcium carbonate interfere with the absorption of phenytoin and perhaps other anticonvulsants. 27,28 For this reason, calcium supplements and anticonvulsant drugs should be taken several hours apart.
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and primidone speed up the normal breakdown of vitamin K into inactive byproducts, thus depriving the body of active vitamin K. Use of these anticonvulsants by pregnant mothers can lead to vitamin K deficiencies in their unborn babies, resulting in bleeding disorders or facial-bone abnormalities in the newborns. 33,34 For this reason, mothers who take these anticonvulsants may need vitamin K supplementation during pregnancy.
In other circumstances, anticonvulsants seldom deplete vitamin K enough to cause bleeding problems. However, vitamin K deficiency may contribute to anticonvulsant-induced osteoporosis.
Valproic acid (Depakene) and possibly other anticonvulsants may reduce the body’s levels of the substance carnitine . 35-44 For this reason it has been suggested that people using these drugs should take supplemental carnitine. However, there is no evidence as yet that taking carnitine will provide any noticeable benefit; the one study that did attempt to evaluate this possibility failed to discern any meaningful effect. 45
Other Proposed Treatments for Epilepsy
Herbs and Supplements
The traditional Chinese herbal remedies known by the Japanese names saiko-keishi-to and sho-saiko-to have also been suggested for epilepsy, but the supporting evidence for their use remains highly preliminary. 46-48 Both of these combination treatments consist of bupleurum, peony root, pinellia root, cassia bark, ginger root , jujube fruit, Asian ginseng root , Asian skullcap root, and licorice root , but the proportions vary.
A double-blind study performed in Iran reportedly found that use of an extract of the seed of the Nigella sativa plant helped control seizures in children. 80
Other supplements sometimes suggested for epilepsy (but with no meaningful supporting evidence) include vitamin B 1 , vitamin B 6 , beta-carotene , and glycine . Herbs traditionally regarded as “nervines” or nerve-relaxants are also sometimes proposed, such as the following:
However, there is no meaningful evidence that they can help, and some of these herbs present significant safety concerns.
Note : Most herbs used for epilepsy are sedatives, as are many anticonvulsant drugs. Combination treatment could lead to dangerous over-sedation. People with epilepsy should, therefore, seek medical supervision before using any herbs or supplements.
A special form of electromagnetic therapy called rTMS has shown promise for epilepsy. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 24 participants with epilepsy localized to a specific part of the brain and not fully responsive to drug treatment were given twice daily treatment with rTMS or sham rTMS for a week. 54 The results showed a mild reduction in seizures among the participants given real rTMS. However, the benefits rapidly disappeared when treatment was stopped.
Acupuncture has been proposed for the treatment of epilepsy, but at this time there is no convincing evidence for its effectiveness. A single-blind, controlled trial of individualized acupuncture for 34 people with severe epilepsy found no benefit. 56 And, in a comprehensive review involving 10 Chinese trials and 1 Norwegian trial, acupuncture was largely found to be ineffective. 82
Yoga has also been studied as a potential treatment. A review of 2 randomized trials involving 50 people found mixed results, though. 83 One trial comparing real yoga to sham yoga or no treatment found that real yoga did reduce the frequency and duration of seizures. But, another trial did not support the use of yoga. The researchers emphasized the need for more studies.
Herbs and Supplements to Avoid in Epilepsy
Numerous herbs and supplements have been associated with unexpected or unexpectedly severe seizures. 67 In most cases, however, the evidence linking any particular natural product to increased seizure activity remains circumstantial. Some of the more worrisome potential “pro-seizure” agents are discussed here. In addition, we discuss herbs and supplements that may interact with medications used for seizures. See also the discussion of folate and biotin above.
Ginkgo seeds contain a seizure-promoting substance called 4-methoxypyridoxine (MPN). 57 Although ginkgo seeds are seldom used today, seizures have also been reported with the use of the more normal form of the herb: ginkgo leaf extract. 58,59,73 One possible explanation is that ginkgo-leaf products may have been contaminated ginkgo seeds. Another possibility has been proposed as well: ginkgo may affect the brain in ways similar to tacrine, a drug also used to improve memory and which has been associated with seizures. Finally, it has been suggested that ginkgo might impair the effectiveness of dilantin and depakote. Regardless of the explanation, people with epilepsy should probably avoid ginkgo.
Many anti-epilepsy drugs work by blocking the effects of a substance called glutamate; for this reason, high dosages of the closely-related amino acid glutamine could conceivably overwhelm these drugs and pose a risk to people with epilepsy.
Manufacturers of the supplement DMAE warn that it might increase seizure risk.
Tea made from the herb hyssop is thought to be safe, but hyssop essential oil, like most essential oils , is toxic in excessive doses. Some of the constituents of hyssop oil are thought to increase risk of seizures. 74,75 For this reason, hyssop essential oil should not be used by people with epilepsy.
Japanese star-anise contains substances that can trigger seizure activity. 76-78
Grapefruit juice slows the body's normal breakdown of several drugs, including the anticonvulsant carbamazepine , allowing it to build up to potentially dangerous levels in the blood; this effect can last for 3 days or more following the last glass of juice. 62
The herb white willow , also known as willow bark, is used to treat pain and fever. White willow contains a substance closely related to aspirin known as salicin. Aspirin is known to increase phenytoin levels and toxicity during long-term use of both drugs. 64 This raises the concern that white willow might have similar effects on phenytoin, though this has not been proven.
1. Prasad AN, Stafstrom CF, Holmes GL. Alternative epilepsy therapies: the ketogenic diet, immunoglobulins, and steroids. Epilepsia. 1996;37:S81-S95.
2. Vining EPG, Freemen JM, Ballaban-Gil K, et al. A multicenter study of the efficacy of the ketogenic diet. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:1433-1437.
3. Freeman JM, Vining EP, Pillas DJ, et al. The efficacy of the ketogenic diet-1998: a prospective evaluation of intervention in 150 children. Pediatrics. 1998;102:1358-1363.
4. Neelam GK, Koehler AN, McGhee B, et al. The ketogenic diet in refractory epilepsy: the experience of Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh. Clinical Pediatrics. 2000;39:153-159.
5. Mak SC, Chi CS, Wan CJ. Clinical experience of ketogenic diet on children with refractory epilepsy. Acta Paediatr Taiwan. 1999;40:97-100.
6. Lefevre F, Aronson N. Ketogenic diet for the treatment of refractory epilepsy in children: a systematic review of efficacy. Pediatrics. 2000;105:E46.
7. Wing RR, Vazquez JA, Ryan CM. Cognitive effects of ketogenic weight-reducing diets. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995;19:811-816.
8. Woody RC, Steele RW, Knapple WL, et al. Impaired neutrophil function in children with seizures treated with the ketogenic diet. J Pediatr. 1989;115:427-430.
9. Hassan AM, Keene DL, Whiting SE, et al. Ketogenic diet in the treatment of refractory epilepsy in childhood. Pediatr Neurol. 1999;21:548-552.
10. Herzberg GZ, Fivush BA, Kinsman SL, et al. Urolithiasis associated with the ketogenic diet. J Pediatr. 1990;117:743-745.
11. Swink TD, Vining EP, Freeman JM. The ketogenic diet: 1997. Adv Pediatr. 1997;44:297-329.
12. Bloom WL, Azar GJ. Similarities of carbohydrate deficiency and fasting: weight loss, electrolyte excretion, and fatigue. Arch Intern Med. 1963;112:333-337.
13. Berry-Kravis E, Booth G, Taylor A, et al. Bruising and the ketogenic diet: evidence for diet-induced changes in platelet function. Ann Neurol. 2001;49:98-103.
14. Ballaban-Gil K, Callahan C, O'Dell C, et al. Complications of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 1998;39:744-748.
15. Berkowitz VJ. A view on high-protein, low-carb diets [Letter response]. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100:1300,1302-1303.
16. Kishi T, Fujita N, Eguchi T, et al. Mechanism for reduction of serum folate by antiepileptic drugs during prolonged therapy. J Neurol Sci. 1997;145:109-112.
17. Reynolds EH. Mental effects of anticonvulsants, and folic acid metabolism. Brain. 1968;91:197-214.
18. Hendel J, Dam M, Gram L, et al. The effects of carbamazepine and valproate on folate metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand. 1984;69:226-231.
19. Berg MJ, Stumbo PJ, Chenard CA, et al. Folic acid improves phenytoin pharmacokinetics. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995;95:352-356.
20. Lewis DP, Van Dyke DC, Willhite LA, et al. Phenytoin-folic acid interaction. Ann Pharmacother. 1995;29:726-735.
21. Lewis DP, Van Dyke DC, Stumbo PJ, et al. Drug and environmental factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Part I: Antiepileptic drugs, contraceptives, smoking, and folate. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32:802-817.
22. Arenz A, Klein M, Fiehe K. Occurrence of neurotoxic 4'-O-methylpyridoxine in Ginkgo biloba leaves, ginkgo medications and Japanese ginkgo food. Planta Med. 1996;62:548-551.
23. Said HM, Redha R, Nylander W. Biotin transport in the human intestine: inhibition by anticonvulsant drugs. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;49:127-131.
24. Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, et al. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1985;447:297-313.
25. Wahl TO, Gobuty AH, Lukert BP. Long-term anticonvulsant therapy and intestinal calcium absorption. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;30:506-512.
26. Weinstein RS, Bryce GF, Sappington LJ, et al. Decreased serum ionized calcium and normal vitamin D metabolite levels with anticonvulsant drug treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984;58:1003-1009.
27. Carter BL, Garnett WR, Pellock JM, et al. Effect of antacids on phenytoin bioavailability. Ther Drug Monit. 1981;3:333-340.
28. McElnay JC, Uprichard G, Collier PS. The effect of activated dimethicone and a proprietary antacid preparation containing this agent on the absorption of phenytoin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982;13:501-505.
29. Hahn TJ, Hendin BA, Scharp CR, et al. Effect of chronic anticonvulsant therapy on serum 25-hydroxycalciferol levels in adults. N Engl J Med. 1972;287:900-904.
30. Jubiz W, Haussler MR, McCain TA, et al. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in patients receiving anticonvulsant drugs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1977;44:617-621.
31. Brodie MJ, Boobis AR, Dollery CT, et al. Rifampicin and vitamin D metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980;27:810-814.
32. Williams C, Netzloff M, Folkerts L, et al. Vitamin D metabolism and anticonvulsant therapy: effect of sunshine on incidence of osteomalacia. South Med J. 1984;77:834-836,842.
33. Cornelissen M, Steegers-Theunissen R, Kollee L, et al. Increased incidence of neonatal vitamin K deficiency resulting from maternal anticonvulsant therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:923-928.
34. Cornelissen M, Steegers-Theunissen R, Kollee L, et al. Supplementation of vitamin K in pregnant women receiving anticonvulsant therapy prevents neonatal vitamin K deficiency. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:884-888.
35. Hug C, McGraw CA, Bates SR, et al. Reduction of serum carnitine concentrations during anticonvulsant therapy with phenobarbital, valproic acid, phenytoin, and carbamazepine in children. J Pediatr. 1991;119:799-802.
36. Chung S, Choi J, Hyun T, et al. Alterations in the carnitine metabolism in epileptic children treated with valproic acid. J Korean Med Sci. 1997;12:553-558.
37. Melegh B, Trombitas K. Valproate treatment induces lipid globule accumulation with ultrastructual abnormalities of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Neuropediatrics. 1997;28:257-261.
38. Zelnik N, Fridkis I, Gruener N. Reduced carnitine and antiepileptic drugs: cause relationship or co-existence? Acta Paediatr. 1995;84:93-95.
39. Coulter DL. Carnitine deficiency in epilepsy: risk factors and treatment. J Child Neurol. 1995;10(suppl 2):S32-S39.
40. Melegh B, Pap M, Morava E, et al. Carnitine-dependent changes of metabolic fuel consumption during long-term treatment with valproic acid. J Pediatr. 1994;125:317-321.
41. De Vivo DC, Bohan TP, Coulter DL, et al. L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: current perspectives. Epilepsia. 1998;13:1216-1225.
42. Matsuda I, Ohtani Y. Carnitine status in Reye and Reye-like syndromes. Pediatr Neurol. 1986;2:90-94.
43. Camina MF, Rozas I, Gomez M, et al. Short-term effects of administration of anticonvulsant drugs on free carnitine and acylcarnitine in mouse serum and tissues. Br J Pharmacol. 1991;103:1179-1183.
44. Rodriguez-Segade S, de la Pena CA, Tutor JC, et al. Carnitine deficiency associated with anticonvulsant therapy. Clin Chim Acta. 1989;181:175-181.
45. Freeman JM, Vining EP, Cost S, et al. Does carnitine administration improve the symptoms attributed to anticonvulsant medications?: a double-blinded, crossover study. Pediatrics. 1994;93(6 pt 1):893-895.
46. Yarnell EY, Abascal K. An herbal formula for treating intractable epilepsy: a review of the literature. Alt Compl Ther. 2000;6:203-206.
47. Narita Y, Satowa H, Kokubu T, et al. Treatment of epileptic patients with the Chinese herbal medicine “saiko-keishi-to” (SK). IRCS Med Sci. 1982;10:88-89.
48. Nagakubo S, Niwa S, Kumagai N, et al. Effects of TJ-960 on Sternberg’s paradigm results in epileptic patients. Jpn J Psych Neur. 1993;47:609-619.
49. Durelli L, Mutani R. The current status of taurine in epilepsy. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1983;6:37-48.
50. Marchesi GF, Quattrini A, Scarpino O, et al. Therapeutic effects of taurine in epilepsy: a clinical and polyphysiographic study [in Italian; English abstract]. Riv Patol Nerv Ment. 1975;96:166-184.
51. Fukuyama Y, Ochiai Y. Therapeutic trial by taurine for intractable childhood epilepsies. Brain Dev. 1982;4:63-69
52. Fauteck JD, Schmidt H, Lerchl A, et al. Melatonin in epilepsy: First results of replacement therapy and first clinical results. Biol Signals Recept. 1999;8:105-110.
53. Akram M, Sullivan C, Mack G, et al. What is the clinical significance of reduced manganese and zinc levels in treated epileptic patients? Med J Aust. 1989;151:113.
54. Theodore WH, Hunter K, Chen R, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of seizures: A controlled study. Neurology. 2002;59:560-562.
55. Egger J, Carter CM, Soothill JF, et al. Oligoantigenic diet treatment of children with epilepsy and migraine. J Pediatr. 1989;114:51-58.
56. Stavem K, Kloster R, Rossberg E, et al. Acupuncture in intractable epilepsy: lack of effect on health-related quality of life. Seizure. 2000;9:422-426.
57. Kajiyama Y, Fujii K, Takeuchi H, et al. Ginkgo seed poisoning. Pediatrics. 2002;109:325-327.
58. Granger AS. Ginkgo biloba precipitating epileptic seizures. Age Ageing. 2001;30:523-525.
59. Gregory PJ. Seizure associated with Ginkgo biloba? [letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:344.
60. Coleman M. Myoclonus in the young after 5-hydroxytryptophan [letter]. N Engl J Med. 1977;296:820.
61. Hagan JJ, Hatcher JP, Slade PD. The role of 5-HT1D and 5-HT1A receptors in mediating 5-hydroxytryptophan induced myoclonic jerks in guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995;294:743-751.
62. Tatro D. A to Z Drug Facts. 2nd ed. [book on CD-ROM]. St. Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons; 2000.
63. Monostory K, Vereczkey L, Levai F, et al. Ipriflavone as an inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Br J Pharmacol. 1998;123:605-610.
64. Inoue F, Walsh RJ. Folate supplements and phenytoin-salicylate interaction. Neurology. 1983;33:115-116.
65. Bourgeois BF, Dodson WE, Ferrendelli JA. Interactions between primidone, carbamazepine, and nicotinamide. Neurology. 1982;32:1122-1126.
66. Vaddadi KS. The use of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid to differentiate between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Med. 1981;6:375-379.
67. Tyagi A, Delanty N. Herbal remedies, dietary supplements, and seizures. Epilepsia . 2003;44:228-235.
68. Yuen AW, Sander JW, Fluegel D, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with chronic epilepsy: A randomized trial. Epilepsy Behav . 2005 Jul 7 [Epub ahead of print].
69. Gupta M, Aneja S, Kohli K. Add-on melatonin improves quality of life in epileptic children on valproate monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsy Behav . 2004;5:316-321.
70. Gupta M, Aneja S, Kohli K, et al. Add-on melatonin improves sleep behavior in children with epilepsy: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol . 2005;20:112-115.
71. Gupta M, Gupta YK, Agarwal S, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of melatonin add-on therapy in epileptic children on valproate monotherapy: effect on glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;58:542-547.
72. Gupta M, Gupta YK, Agarwal S, et al. Effects of Add-on Melatonin Administration on Antioxidant Enzymes in Children with Epilepsy Taking Carbamazepine Monotherapy: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Epilepsia . 2004;45:1636-1639.
73. Kupiec T, Raj V. Fatal seizures due to potential herb-drug interactions with Ginkgo biloba. J Anal Toxicol . 2006;29:755-758.
74. Hold KM, Sirisoma NS, Sparks SE, et al. Metabolism and mode of action of cis- and trans-3-pinanones (the active ingredients of hyssop oil). Xenobiotica . 2002;32:251-265.
75. Millet Y, Tognetti P, Lavaire-Perlovisi M, et al. [Experimental study of the toxic convulsant properties of commercial preparations of essences of sage and hyssop]. Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin . 1979;9:12-18.
76. Vandenberghe N, Pittion-Vouyouvitch S, Flesch F, Wagner M, et al. [An inaugural generalized tonic-clonic convulsive crisis following ingestion of Japanese star anise] Presse Med . 2003;32:27-28.
77. Nakamura T, Okuyama E, Yamazaki M. Neurotropic components from star anise (Illicium verum Hook. fil.) Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1996;44:1908-1914. Erratum in: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1996 ;44:2344.
78. Okuyama E, Nakamura T, Yamazaki M. Convulsants from star anise (Illicium verum Hook.F.). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1993;41:1670-1671.
79. Mikati MA, Dib L, Yamout B, et al. Two randomized vitamin D trials in ambulatory patients on anticonvulsants: Impact on bone. Neurology . 2006;67:2005-2014.
80. Akhondian J, Parsa A, Rakhshande H. The effect of Nigella sativa L. (black cumin seed) on intractable pediatric seizures. Med Sci Monit. 2007;13:CR555-559.
81. Bromfield E, Dworetzky B, Hurwitz S, et al. A randomized trial of polyunsaturated fatty acids for refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2008;12:187-190.
82. Cheuk DK, Wong V. Acupuncture for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;CD005062.
83. Ramaratnam S, Sridharan K. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(3):CD001524.
Last reviewed July 2012 by EBSCO CAM Review Board
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright (C) 2011 EBSCO Publishing. All rights reserved. | biology |
https://infectonews.wordpress.com/2016/07/31/strategies-for-targeting-residual-hiv-infection/ | 2017-04-25T18:33:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120844.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00025-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.878321 | 264 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__133543038 | en | Strategies for targeting residual HIV infection
Current Opinion In HIV and AIDS July 2016 V.11 N.4 P.359–361
Chomont, Nicolas; Perreau, Matthieu
aCentre de Recherche du CHUM
bDepartment of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
cDivision of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Seven years ago, Hutter et al. reported the unique case of a 40-year-old HIV-infected man who was cured of HIV infection following an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Timothy Ray Brown, also known as the ‘Berlin Patient’ is until today the only person from whom HIV has been eradicated. This extraordinary and largely unexpected success fostered HIV cure research by opening novel therapeutic possibilities that could potentially surpass combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Indeed, although ART has dramatically reduced the death rate from AIDS and improved the quality of life of many HIV-infected individuals, the possible long-term toxicity associated with ART, stigma and cost all contribute to the necessity of finding a cure….
PDF (CLIC in PDF) | biology |
https://www.oxfordstudent.com/2014/02/20/natural-history-back-for-good/ | 2020-06-01T09:24:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347415315.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20200601071242-20200601101242-00387.warc.gz | 0.971526 | 392 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__106646938 | en | The Oxford University Museum of Natural History reopened on Saturday after 14 months of complex renovation.
The occasion was marked with a ‘Dawn ’til Dusk’ event that saw the museum open its doors at seven a.m. and welcome over 5,000 guests over the course of the day.
The day’s program of events included live bands, bug handling, and a talk from museum director Professor Paul Smith.
Smith told the Oxford Student: “This has been a long, dark year with the museum closed to visitors…it will be very nice to see the doors opened again today and to have the sound of visitors filling the space once more.”
Renovation was undertaken on the Grade I listed building to fix water leakages in the glass-tiled roof, which were causing damage to some of the museum’s specimens.
Conservator Bethany Palumbo claimed she was “shocked” the first time she realised the harm caused to exhibits: “We found watermarks on the whales which was crazy. We also had a collection of buckets for emergencies,” she said. Other specimens were becoming faded due to exposure from UV light.
The restoration project, which is believed to have cost in the region of £2 million, involved more than 8,500 glass tiles being individually removed, cleaned and resealed. Where tiles required replacement, specialist heritage architects were involved to ensure they matched the style of the Victorian originals.
The closure also facilitated extensive conservation work on some of the museum’s specimens. The collection of whale skeletons were cleaned for the first time in 100 years.
The museum houses the University’s scientific collections of zoological and geological specimens. Amongst its most famous exhibits are a number of dinosaur skeletons discovered in the local area, and the world’s only Dodo specimen complete with intact skin.
Natural History back for good | biology |
http://www.2rbetter.org/archives/2010-06-11%20-%20Alkaline%20Antioxidant%20Water%20Gets%20Results | 2022-07-01T19:47:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103945490.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701185955-20220701215955-00647.warc.gz | 0.940324 | 1,602 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__267803748 | en | ALKALINE ANTIOXIDANT WATER GETS RESULTS
DOCTOR EXPLAINS HOW WATER WORKS - 2010-06-11
Raymond Dent, N.D., has practiced Naturopathic Medicine for 27 years. He graduated as a member of the first class at the John Bastyr College of Naturopathic Medicine, at Seattle, Washington (now Bastyr University), in 1982 after completing pre-med studies at Cal State Northridge, Brigham Young University, and Pierce College.
He has practiced in Manhattan, Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Washington State. He has been associated with several medical doctors who practice alternative medicine including doctors Jonathan V. Wright, Thomas A. Dorman, and Ira Rabin.
My interest in the properties and benefits of water as it relates to alkaline content, bio-efficiencies, and ionization began while I was working with a company at Paradise, Idaho. The company owned natural springs arising at the base of the Saw-Tooth Mountain in Idaho. This particular spring water emerges with an alkalinity of about 9.7 in conjunction with very low dissolved solids.
It has abundant free electron activity and a negative oxidation reduction potential (ORP) reading, similar to alkaline antioxidant water produced technologically. Working with the research and quality control division of that company laid the foundation for my subsequent work involving alkaline antioxidant water.
Water is a very powerful tool for improving and maintaining health. Alkaline antioxidant water is unlike any other water because it is more than just “water.” It's a health drink. Daily use of alkaline antioxidant water may be the best form of natural health maintenance and improvement you can adopt.
Structured alkaline antioxidant water contains greater concentrations of ionized H20 molecules which have been restructured through electromagnetic means in a way that creates a greater probability of physiologically desirable “cluster” sizes. This causes more free electrons to be available in the water as well as greater hydration potential. The “free” electrons can act as antioxidants while the six sided or “hexagonal” water molecule clusters enhance the proper hydration of our cells. All of this results in many patients feeling a generalized sense of well-being and improved health when they drink alkaline antioxidant water. These 6-sided clusters found in ionized, structured, alkaline water appear to allow for the fastest internal rehydration possible.
Alkaline antioxidant water is produced through means that favor the development of 6-sided water molecules resulting in what we call hexagonal water. Hexagonal water is water which has undergone hydrogen bonding which favors its peculiar structure and energy state. In water such as regular tap water or water from municipal water sources, you can get structures involving up to 12, 13, 16 or greater number of water molecules. Such water does not promote optimal health in the same way that hexagonally structured water does.
Alkaline antioxidant water can increase the general efficiency of all systems of the body. There are many benefits to this. One of the benefits I appreciate most is that alkaline antioxidant water is many times more hydrating and better tasting that tap water. That's one of the greatest things I have identified because people will drink more water. It's smooth, refreshing, and satisfying.
The percentage of hexagonal units found in water, as well as their stability, appears to depend on a number of factors, including toxin levels, mineral content, motion, and energetic influences that water is exposed to. For example chlorine, fluoride, and many pollutants typically found in municipal water sources decrease the ability of water to form significant numbers of hexagonal units. Tap water typically has a very low percentage of these structures. By switching from tap water to alkaline antioxidant water, one may greatly improve the functioning of the body by supplying it with truly rejuvenating, clean, healthy water.
The hexagonal water affects health by improving the body's ability to use the water effectively. With alkaline antioxidant water, the water is also purified. Substances commonly added to municipal water, such as chlorine, are removed from alkaline antioxidant water before the water is consumed. The alkaline antioxidant water processor removes many harmful toxins from drinking water for good.
Water is a very dynamic substance. When we take the water through the ionization process, we cause changes that occur in a fraction of a second. We create an energetic effect which causes the water to be structured in a way that improves the body's ability to use the water optimally and maximize the benefits of the water.
You get better interaction from vital enzymes, vitamins, structural, and antioxidant molecules because all of these substances operate in a water environment. The better the quality of the water, the better it is for the body.
The effects of this may be seen in many ways including improved sleep, enhanced sense of well-being, better exercise endurance, improved elimination of cellular wastes, clearer thinking, increased overall hydration, less discomfort, better skin health, and enhanced overall health.
People are able to produce alkaline antioxidant water in the comfort of their own homes. Some of the processors used to produce alkaline antioxidant water offer a filtration system that is 50 percent better than what is used in hospital or compounding pharmacies today.
Alkaline antioxidant water is nature's best. It's the kind of water you find flowing freely from many of the world's best natural springs.
Modern lifestyle, diets, and pollution promote acidic metabolism in the typical individual. Having a mild and harmless alkaline influence in the form of water can go a long way in buffering and protecting one's health against the harmful chronic effects of an acidic metabolism. Alkaline antioxidant water can help you resist disease and slow the aging process. In the body, alkaline water helps to buffer a chronic state of acid stress.
This improves the body's ability to maintain good health and proper overall functioning. Therefore we would expect to observe the helpful benefits of increased ionization and alkalinity in a combination which would include the effects of antioxidants, the micro clustering of the water, the alkalinity of the water, and the improved taste and texture of the water.
People often ask me if there is any instance in which the alkaline antioxidant water would be less than beneficial. Individuals with cervical spinal stenosis should not drink alkaline antioxidant water.
If you are a normal individual, I sincerely do not think you could drink too much properly produced alkaline antioxidant water. You should start out with alkalinity at near neutral levels then gradually increase the alkalinity as your body demonstrates tolerance to the alkaline antioxidant water. I have been watching peoples' reactions to alkaline antioxidant water for months and I have not seen anyone have a problem except two patients with cervical stenosis.
If a person starts out slowly and follows the basic guidelines, as well as consults one's physician if he or she is on any type of medication, I believe the water will offer very good and beneficial results. I advise most people to drink about six glasses per day. I believe the proper use of alkaline antioxidant water is the single most important thing that one can do for his or her health.
Dr. Raymond Dent states - “Alkaline antioxidant water can help you resist disease and slow the aging process.” - and also, “Alkaline antioxidant water is nature's best. It's the kind of water you find flowing freely from many of the world's best natural springs.”
I have been partaking of this water for a little over a month, and can testify to 4 areas of distinct improvement in my health. As many of you know, I turn 87 next month, and need excellent health to finish an assignment in the production of an Interlinear Greek New Testament. Jim Watt | biology |
https://www.vivahealthpharmacy.com/comprehensive-guide-to-cold-sores/ | 2024-04-23T08:49:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818468.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423064231-20240423094231-00048.warc.gz | 0.894452 | 830 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__52415904 | en | Welcome to the Viva Health Pharmacy blog! We’re here to provide you with reliable information about various health topics. In this post, we’ll delve into the world of cold sores—what they are, how they can manifest in different areas, their connection to COVID-19, effective remedies, and the best cold sore medicines. At Viva Health, we understand the discomfort and inconvenience cold sores can cause, and we’re committed to helping you find the best solutions.
Understanding Cold Sores:
Cold sores, also known as fever blisters, are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). They typically appear as small, fluid-filled blisters on or around the lips but can also occur inside the mouth, on the tongue, and even on the nose. Cold sores are highly contagious and can be triggered by factors like stress, weakened immune systems, and exposure to sunlight.
Some Variations of Cold Sores:
- Cold Sores on the Lips: The most common location for cold sores. They start as tingling or itching sensations before developing into clusters of blisters.
- Intraoral Cold Sores: These occur inside the mouth, including the gums and the roof of the mouth. They can be painful and might be mistaken for canker sores.
- Cold Sores on the Tongue: Cold sores on the tongue can be uncomfortable, causing difficulty in eating and speaking.
- Cold Sores on the Nose: Although less common, cold sores can also develop on or around the nostrils, causing discomfort and pain.
Cold Sores and COVID-19: Given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, you might be wondering about the relationship between cold sores and the virus. While cold sores are caused by HSV, COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, both conditions can weaken the immune system, potentially making individuals more susceptible to various infections. It’s important to follow health guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and manage cold sores effectively.
How to Get Rid of Cold Sores Fast:
- Keep the Area Clean: Gently cleanse the affected area with mild soap and water to prevent secondary infections.
- Over-the-Counter (OTC) Creams: OTC creams containing antiviral ingredients like docosanol can help shorten the healing time and alleviate symptoms.
- Topical Antiviral Ointments: Prescription ointments containing antiviral agents like acyclovir or penciclovir can speed up healing if applied at the first sign of a cold sore.
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage the discomfort associated with cold sores.
Best Cold Sore Medicines:
- Abreva: An FDA-approved OTC cream containing docosanol, which can help reduce healing time and alleviate symptoms.
- Valtrex: A prescription antiviral medication that can be effective in treating cold sores when taken as directed by a healthcare professional.
- Zovirax Cream: This cream contains acyclovir and can be applied directly to cold sores to help speed up healing.
Cold sores can be both physically uncomfortable and socially distressing. At Viva Health Pharmacy, we’re dedicated to providing you with the information you need to understand cold sores and their variations. Remember that prevention is key, and maintaining a healthy immune system can go a long way in minimizing cold sore outbreaks. If you’re experiencing persistent or severe cold sores, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. Stay informed, stay healthy, and count on Viva Health for all your wellness needs.
DISCLAIMER: This blog post is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with your pharmacist or a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment of any health condition. | biology |
http://ihuman.shanghaitech.edu.cn/index.php/Index/details/catid/41/id/43.html | 2022-08-08T14:14:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570827.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808122331-20220808152331-00165.warc.gz | 0.915616 | 275 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__117240667 | en | June 8, 2018 - The iHuman research paper “Crystal Structure of the Human Cannabinoid Receptor CB1” has been selected as the “Best of Cell 2017”, which celebrates editors’ and readers’ favorites of ground-breaking research published in Cell.
In this Cell paper, the team of scientists led by the iHuman Institute of ShanghaiTech University determined and analyzed the high-resolution structure of human cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is the most highly expressed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the human central nervous system and is the target of one of the longest used herbs in human history. In this study, the scientists presented the 2.8 ? crystal structure of human CB1 in complex with AM6538, a stabilizing antagonist with a long half-life and is potentially useful in the treatment of addiction disorders. The structure of the CB1-AM6538 complex reveals key features of the receptor and critical interactions for antagonist binding. In combination with functional studies and molecular modeling, the structure provides insight into the binding mode of naturally occurring CB1 ligands, such as THC, and synthetic cannabinoids.
This work will enhance our understanding of the molecular basis for the physiological functions of CB1 and provides new opportunities for the design of next-generation CB1-targeting pharmaceuticals. | biology |
http://dotzourfamily.com/?p=2793 | 2018-02-20T23:35:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813109.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220224819-20180221004819-00317.warc.gz | 0.972488 | 1,060 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__189112707 | en | An update for the raspberry this week
Here’s the update I got today: Your baby isn’t much bigger now than last week in actual size — another quarter inch at most — but that’s almost double what he was last week. He’s now
the size of a raspberry. If you had a window into your womb, you’d notice his eyelids forming, the tip of his nose developing, and his distinct, slightly webbed fingers and toes.
Your baby still appears to have a small tail (actually, it’s an extension of his tailbone), which will disappear in the next few weeks. But that’s the only thing getting smaller. Now almost half an inch long — roughly the size of a raspberry — he
has elbow joints and distinct, slightly webbed fingers and toes. In his oversized head, both hemispheres of his brain are developing. His teeth and the inside of his mouth are forming, and his ears continue to develop. Eyelid folds partially cover his tiny peepers, which already have some color, and the tip of
that nose you’ll be tweaking someday is emerging. His skin is paper-thin and his veins are clearly visible.
Your little one also has an appendix and a pancreas, which will eventually produce the hormone insulin to aid in digestion. His liver is busy producing red blood cells, and a loop of your baby’s growing intestines is bulging into his umbilical cord,
which now has distinct blood vessels to carry oxygen and nutrients to and from his tiny body. You can’t feel his gyrations yet, but your baby is like a little jumping bean, moving in fits and starts around his watery home.
the raspberry is a grape!
Nine Weeks! (we think…)
Your new resident is nearly an inch long — barely the size of a grape — and weighs just a fraction of an ounce, but he’s poised for rapid weight gain now that his basic physical structure is in place. He’s also starting to look more and more human. His embryonic “tail” is now completely gone and his body parts — including organs, muscles, and nerves — are kicking into gear.
His eyelids are fused shut and won’t open until 27 weeks. He has earlobes, and by week’s end, the inner workings of his ears will be complete. His upper lip is fully formed, too, and his mouth, nose, and nostrils are more distinct. The tips of his
fingers are slightly enlarged where his touch pads are developing. All major joints — his shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles — are working, enabling your baby to move his limbs. As for his heart, it has divided into four chambers now, and the valves have started to develop. External sex organs are there, but won’t be distinguishable as male or female for another few weeks.
Thought you might enjoy seeing my weekly update on the the baby. It’s my friday morning treat:) Well, that and a peppermint steamer and an almond scone. Have a great day! Althea
It’s a kumquat!
10 weeks (estimated)… Our ultrasound is on Dec. 21, so hopefully we’ll have a better date (and a photo!) after that.
Your baby’s started growing tiny fingernails and toenails and can now kick and swallow — pretty impressive for someone the size of a walnut. Within the next few weeks, your featherweight baby will more than double in size, from just over an inch to nearly 3 inches. At your next prenatal appointment, you may be able to hear her heart beating with a stethoscope-like instrument called a Doppler.
Your baby is no longer an embryo! Though she’s barely the size of a kumquat — just an inch or so long, crown to bottom — and weighs less than a quarter of an ounce, she now has completed the most critical portion of her development. This is the beginning of the so-called fetal period, a time when the tissues and organs in her body rapidly grow and mature. Her vital organs — the liver, kidney, intestines, brain, and lungs — are now in place and starting to function (although they’ll continue to develop throughout your pregnancy). Her liver continues to make blood cells, and the yolk sac, which previously supplied these cells, is no longer needed and begins to disappear.
During the next three weeks, your baby’s length will more than double to nearly 3 inches. Her head is proportionately smaller now than it was a few weeks ago, but it’s still almost half the length of her entire body. Her forehead temporarily bulges with her developing brain and sits high on her head; it will later recede to give her a more human appearance. Each day, more minute details — including tiny fingernails, toenails, and peach-fuzz hair. | biology |
http://www.ladental.org/whats-new/224-paper-on-sleep-disordered-breathing | 2018-05-21T03:52:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794863923.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20180521023747-20180521043747-00071.warc.gz | 0.902559 | 402 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__156450568 | en | The Relationship Between Pediatric Sleep Disordered Breathing and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Dr. Buddy Donaldson
Dual Trained Specialist in Pediatric Dentisty and Orthodontics
Board Certified in Orthodontics
ADA, LDA, and Acadiana District Dental Association Member
The physiologic role of oxygen for overall health is often underappreciated and underrated. The lack of or difficulty in receiving the proper amount of oxygen creates negative consequences as the human body does not physiologically respond positively to increased respiratory effort. If the roadblocks, bottlenecks, and chokepoints of labored breathing are removed or altered, it will result in improved daily functioning. The signs, symptoms, and phenotypic expressions of pediatric sleep disordered breathing (PSDB) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) are similar. It is the aim of this literature review to increase awareness of the connection between PSDB and AD/HD, and discuss available treatment options to reduce the effects of these two disorders.
Pediatric Sleep Disordered Breathing (PSDB)
The nasal airway begins at the nares and extends to the superior end of the trachea. (1) The oral airway begins at the lips and extends to the superior end of the trachea. When the flow of air is encumbered, it creates increased resistance, which results in a number of medical conditions. In the pediatric population, a condition known as PSDB may develop.
PSDB is a broad term that encompasses multiple conditions that fully or partially attempt to define it. Some of these include obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which involves, snoring, hypopneas, apneas; upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS); and respiratory effort related arousals (RERAS); and respiratory disturbance index (RDI). There are other names associated with PSDB, depending on the author’s nomenclature system. | biology |
https://f2pcbd.com/shop/deep-relief-roll-on/ | 2021-03-08T02:46:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178381803.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20210308021603-20210308051603-00457.warc.gz | 0.939075 | 650 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__78686978 | en | If you are seeking aid for constant, chronic suffering, it is time to consider a CBD oil roll-on for pain relief. F2P’s Deep Relief Roll-On combines the sweet, spicy scents of cinnamon and camphor. With a full-spectrum hemp extract and dozens of essential oils, it helps soothe and relax painful muscles without the medicinal smell of other roll-on pain relievers.
Whether you are an athlete, suffering from arthritis, or would like to take a break from tight, tense muscles, this product is a game changer. Many customers toss the roll-on in their athletic bag, purse, or medicine cabinet for on-demand relief.
What is CBD?
CBD is a cannabinoid that is found in many plants. However, it is most often associated with cannabis. Unlike THC―the cannabinoid that gets activated when inhaling cannabis smoke or ingesting cannabis-laced treats, CBD does not cause any psychoactive effects. This is because of how the two compounds interact with the endocannabinoid system of the human body.
THC affects the brain’s receptors and helps produce dopamine and other neurochemicals that help induce feelings of pleasure. Whereas, CBD is not psychoactive and is seen by many scientists as more complex than THC.
CBD can help regulate pain as well as reduce inflammation in the brain and nervous system. CBD oil, which is used in our roll-on products, is merely the result of extracting CBD from cannabis. There are many extraction methods, but they all typically end in oil of various viscosities.
Many customers have found the benefits of CBD oil to be wide-ranging with its use having an impact on everything from pain to insomnia. CBD can prevent the body from absorbing a chemical compound called anandamide, which helps to regulate pain. By keeping anandamide in the bloodstream, CBD aids in reducing the feelings of pain.
CBD’s ability to reduce inflammation can also provide relief to those who have insomnia and help boost some immune-system responses. Specifically, CBD oil reduces the suffering caused by any number of health issues, including:
- Arthritis pain
- Chronic pain
- Drug withdrawal
- Multiple sclerosis
- Smoking cessation
- Type 1 diabetes
How to Use
For muscle relief, either pre-workout or post-workout, remove the cap and apply the F2P CBD roll-on to the affected muscles or joints.
For those who have arthritis, apply the roll-on directly to pain spots.
For those dealing with lingering pain from a surgical procedure, apply directly to where the pain is worst.
After application, gently massage the oil into your skin as the heat from your hands aids the absorption process.
Try CBD Roll-on For Pain Relief
At F2P Industries, our Deep Relief Roll-On comes in 2 fl. oz. jar and contains 200 mg of full-spectrum hemp extract. In addition to this high-quality CBD oil, we also include dozens of essential oils to help the healing process and keep the product smelling good, too. Browse our online inventory to order your CBD roll-on today! | biology |
https://keystonekeynote.com/2519/forum/the-world-today/behind-the-biontech-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines/?print=true | 2022-12-01T01:06:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710777.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130225142-20221201015142-00798.warc.gz | 0.922943 | 1,383 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__132134539 | en | Prior to the pandemic, the fastest vaccine to be developed was the 1967 mumps vaccine, taking a grand total of four years. Flashforward to November 2020 — BioNTech and Pfizer shattered records with their announcement of the first vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus(14), developed in less than a year. Shortly after, Moderna announced their development of the vaccine. The speed at which these biotechnology companies developed their vaccines can be traced to the use of novel cutting-edge mRNA technology.
The mRNA vaccine takes use of one specific part of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: the spike protein, allowing the virus to enter the cells of the host organism. When injected into the body on its own, the spike protein is harmless. However, the organism’s host cells will recognize the spike protein as a foreign threat and immediately launch an immune response, teaching the body how to fight the virus as a whole.
Within the spike protein, the vaccine uses the genetic information encoded in its mRNA, delivered through a lipid nanoparticle. The lipid nanoparticle is a phospholipid bilayer(1) that wraps around the mRNA to act as a vehicle or transport mechanism for the virus into the host cell. Acting as a vesicle, the lipid nanoparticle fuses with the cell of the host organism, pushing the mRNA into the host cell. The mRNA uses the host cell’s ribosomes(2), located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum(3), to help assemble proteins through the process of translation. The newly produced proteins then express themselves upon the cell membrane as either the MHC-I protein(4) or the MHC-II(5) protein. The MHC-I protein is found on all nucleated cells of the body, however, the MHC-II protein is solely found on antigen-presenting cells: the B-cells(11), macrophages, and dendritic cells. When expressed on the host cell, the proteins attract immune cells such as the TH Cell (T-Helper Cell)(6), which has a membrane protein that interacts with TCR(7), a viral antigen, and the CD4 protein(6), which interacts with the MHC-II Complex. Once the interactions occur, the T-Cell becomes activated and it starts to release cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5(8). These interleukins (IL) signal the B-cell to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells which develop and change due to released cytokines. The plasma cells then start to make antibodies that are directed against the spike protein on the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Once the antibody binds to the spike protein of the virus, the virus is either neutralized, or its destruction is enhanced. In addition, interactions between the MHC-I complex, the T-C Cell (Cytotoxic Cell)(9), and the CD-8 protein(10) release cytokines that destroy host cells if infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the future, while releasing cytokines that amplify the immune response of the B-cell’s(11) proliferation(12) to plasma cells(13).
Finding a vaccine was a turning point for the pandemic, but the pandemic might also be a turning point for vaccines. The vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna employ groundbreaking methods to elicit an immune response. While these vaccines will make a large impact on the battle against COVID-19, their real impact is only just beginning. A vaccine that employs mRNA technology to send specific instructions to host cells opens up a whole new world of vaccine technologies and disease treatments. In the future, scientists and researchers alike hope to develop this technology to use against maladies such as cancer and HIV.
1 phospholipid bilayer: a continuous two layer barrier that surrounds all cells. It acts as a gate that allows certain molecules to enter into a cell, while barring others.
2 ribosomes: the protein-producing organelle of the cell, found either in the cell’s cytoplasm or rough endoplasmic reticulum.
3 rough endoplasmic reticulum: located near the cell’s nucleus, houses the ribosomes which produce proteins.
4 MHC-I protein: one of two classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates.
5 MHC-II protein: one of two classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and are found on the cell surface of all antigen-presenting cells; important in initiating immune responses.
6 TH-Cell (T-Helper Cell): also known as CD4+ cells, are a type of T-cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses.
7 TCR (T-Cell Receptor): a protein complex found on the surface of T cells that are responsible for recognizing antigens bound to MHC molecules.
8 IL-2 (Interleukin-2), IL-4 (Interleukin-4), IL-5 (Interleukin-5): types of cytokine signaling molecules in the immune system.
9 T-C Cell (Cytotoxic Cell): a type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that kills damaged cells — cancer cells, cells infected with viruses, etc.
10CD-8 protein: protein (binded to a carbohydrate) that is a co-repector for the T-Cell Receptor (TCR); plays a role in T-cell signaling and aiding with cytotoxic T-cell-antigen interactions.
11 B-Cell: a type of white blood cell that secretes antibodies useful for initiating immune responses.
12 proliferation: to increase in number rapidly.
13 plasma cells: white blood cells that originate in the bone marrow and secrete antibodies useful for initiating immune responses.
14 SARS-CoV-2 virus: also known as Coronavirus or COVID-19 | biology |
http://floridaanimalcare.com/diagnostictesting.html | 2017-10-19T21:35:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823478.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019212946-20171019232946-00755.warc.gz | 0.913561 | 606 | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-43__0__166474912 | en | Florida Animal Care has the capability of performing a wide range of diagnostic tests in our hospital. This not only assists our Veterinarians in determining the cause of your pet's illness; it also gives us a wellness baseline of what your healthy pet's normal blood values are.
Our extensive in-house laboratory allows us to have results of many different blood tests in a short period of time. We are equipped to run a Complete Blood Count, which gives us red and white blood cell counts to look for things such as underlying infection or anemia. Our Chemistry machine evaluates kidney and liver function as well as electrolytes. We can also run a Urinalysis, test Pancreatic function, and test for Heartworm Disease, Tick-borne diseases, and Intestinal Parasites. For more in-depth, extensive testing we use an outside laboratory and often have results in less than 24 hours.
Radiographs, or X-rays, help our veterinarians evaluate musculoskeletal, cardiovascular (cardiopulmonary), gastrointestinal, reproductive and urinary systems. Our on-site equipment allows us to provide the images that assist in diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner. We utilize state of the art digital radiography (x-ray) equipment, which provides quicker, clearer and faster images than film x-ray. Like a digital photo, a digital radiograph can be manipulated after it is taken, allowing our team to highlight the image in ways that are not possible with traditional film x-ray. Digital Radiography is environmentally friendly because there are no chemicals to contaminate water systems and it decreases radiation exposure to your pet as images can be manipulated via a computer as opposed to having to take additional x-rays. We are also have the ability to use telemedicine in order to have consults with board certified radiologists.
Digital dental radiography allows us to visualize the internal anatomy of your pet's teeth along with the roots and surrounding bone. This allows us to diagnose bone loss or hidden disease that may be present in the tooth roots and jawbone areas that may not have been visible during our thorough oral exam prior to the dental procedure.
Ultrasound is a non-invasive, state-of-the-art technology that uses sound waves to painlessly examine specific internal organs, primarily the heart and abdominal organs. As the sound waves travel into the body they return three dimensional images (length, width and depth) of certain internal organs allowing for depth dimension of the organ and good visualization of the edges of the organ. Ultrasound returns results in real time. Pregnancy exams utilizing ultrasound technology are also available.
Applination tonometry allows us to measure intraocular pressure. This helps is diagnose glaucoma and other eye conditions.
Blood pressure values produce a tremendous amount of useful information to the veterinarian. Florida Animal Care has both Doppler and oscillometric blood pressure measurement devices.
We accept Cash, Check, Visa, Master Card and Discover. | biology |
https://www.socialmagazine.us/avoiding-a-low-salt-diet/ | 2024-04-15T03:02:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816939.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415014252-20240415044252-00774.warc.gz | 0.960739 | 932 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__93424850 | en | Salt, or sodium chloride, is essential for life. In fact, no mineral is more essential to human survival than sodium because it allows nerves to send and receive electrical impulses, helps your muscles stay strong, and keeps your cells and brain functioning. However, sodium chloride (salt) is a nutrient that the body cannot produce, and therefore it must be eaten.
The average American eats about 3,400 mg per day of sodium, according to The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. You may have heard that this is too much, but according to new research, it may actually be on the low side of the healthy range. A 2014 study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, tested sodium consumption in more than 100,000 people in 17 countries. The study found that the healthy range for sodium consumption was between 3,000 and 6,000 mg per day. Eating more than 7,000 mg per day of sodium increases your risk of death or cardiovascular incidents, but not as much as eating less than 3,000 mg per day. The low salt diet was significantly more harmful than the high salt diet.
Salt has many health benefits.
The other component of salt, chloride, is also essential to survival and good health. It preserves acid-base balance in the body, aids potassium absorption, improves the ability of the blood to move harmful carbon dioxide from tissues out to the lungs and, most importantly, it supplies the crucial stomach acids required to break down and digest all the foods we eat.
Because the level of salt consumption is so stable, it is an ideal medium to use for fortifying other essential nutrients such as iodine. Iodized salt first produced in the U.S. in 1924 is now used by 75 percent of the world’s population to protect against mental retardation due to Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). Iodine is an essential element in healthy human life, enabling the function of thyroid glands to produce needed hormones for proper metabolism. When children in the womb don’t get enough iodine from their mother, fetal brain development may be impaired. During pregnancy, iodine deficiency can cause a child to develop learning disabilities and mental retardation as well as developmental problems affecting his speech, hearing and growth.
Salt is also a vital component of hydration. After exercise, it is critical to replace both water and salt lost through perspiration during exercise. That is why all athletes make sure they are consuming sufficient salt during and after a workout. Expectant mothers and seniors, in particular, need to guard against under-consumption of salt. Higher-salt diets have also been used successfully to combat chronic fatigue syndrome. Asthma sufferers, particularly in Eastern Europe, are often treated by having the person spend time in salt mines or salt caves. This is because the unique microclimate, containing ultrafine salt particles helps clear the lungs.
Low salt diet myths
Low salt diets can be especially harmful for the elderly. In older people, mild hyponatremia (low sodium concentration) is the most common form of electrolyte imbalance in the blood. Indeed, several recent medical papers found a direct relationship between hyponatremia and unsteadiness, falls, bone fractures and attention deficits. Elderly people on low salt diets often experience lack of thirst which leads to dehydration and they experience loss of appetite that leads to a host of health problems.
Falls are one of the most serious problems for the elderly and about a third of people older than 65 fall at least once every year. Fall-related injuries in the elderly are associated with numerous psychological and physical consequences and are a leading cause of bone breakage and hip fractures, which can lead to complications and permanent disability or death. More than 5 percent of all hospitalizations in people older than 65 years are due to fall-related injuries. Sadly, the research shows that in assisted living facilities where almost all residents are given low-salt diets, the rate of falls and fractures are three times as great as in the normal home environment.
Salt and life expectancy
It is well documented that the Japanese and the Swiss enjoy some of the longest life expectancy rates of anyone in the world. It is less known however, that they also have among the highest rates of salt consumption. A review of peer-reviewed medical research around the world indicates that if people were to actually consume the low levels of salt recommended in the U.S. Dietary Guidelines, they would put their health at risk. Fortunately, most Americans — including the elderly — when left to their own choice consume salt within the healthy range. | biology |
https://whitedragonteas.co.uk/products/bai-mao-hou-%E7%99%BD%E6%AF%9B%E7%8C%B4 | 2022-07-06T15:35:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104675818.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220706151618-20220706181618-00596.warc.gz | 0.933606 | 215 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__122934483 | en | In the tea gardens in the WuYi Mountains, towards the end of March at the beginning of the new season's tea growth, the top two leaves and bud are picked from the tea bushes.
The tea leaves still have the 'hairy white down' on them and when steamed and dried they become a truly superb green tea, known as White Monkey Paw (白毛猴). This tea gained it's name as the dry leaf appearance is said to resemble the paw of a white haired monkey.
Origin: WuYi Mountains, Fujian Province, China
Elevation: Grown 2500 - 5000 ft above sea level.
Tea Variety: Camellia Sinensis var. Sinensis
Cultivar: Fuding Da Hao (福鼎大毫)
Brewing Temperature: 60 - 85°C
Caffeine Content: Approx. 20mg per cup
Amount: 5g of tea leaves to 100ml of water
Sold in quantities of 100g | biology |
https://nbs-uat.dynamics365portals.us/ | 2022-08-19T15:05:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00688.warc.gz | 0.861976 | 257 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__105948158 | en | You’re offline. This is a read only version of the page.
Welcome to the NSQAP Participant Portal
Newborn Screening identifies conditions that can affect a child's long-term health or survival. CDC's Newborn Screening and Molecular Biology Branch manages the Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program (NSQAP) to enhance and maintain the quality and accuracy of newborn screening results. The program provides training, consultation, guidelines, and dried blood spot proficiency testing and quality control materials to state public health laboratories and other laboratories responsible for newborn screening in the U.S. and many other countries.
A2LA Accredited PT Provider
CDC's Newborn Screening and Molecular Biology Braanch(NSMBB) has been granted ISO/IEC 17043 accrediation by the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA). Please consult A2LA Certification #4190.01 for a listof accrediated NSMBB proficiency testing programs.
If you are interested in participating in this program, complete the Participant Request Form. Products and shipping are free for participating laboratories. Laboratories are responsible for the cost of required documentation, import fees, taxes, and other costs. Participants must report data for each product requested. | biology |
https://globalmedssolution.com/product/iboga/ | 2021-04-21T08:48:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039526421.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20210421065303-20210421095303-00392.warc.gz | 0.951648 | 491 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__100826421 | en | OVERVIEW of Iboga
Tabernanthe iboga or simply iboga is a perennial rainforest shrub and psychedelic, native to western Central Africa. Iboga stimulates the central nervous system when taken in small doses and induces hallucinations in larger doses.
Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive indole alkaloid found in plants in the Apocynaceae family such as Tabernanthe iboga, Voacanga africana and Tabernaemontana undulata. In the the iboga plant (Tabernanthe iboga), the highest concentration of ibogaine is found in the root bark. Lower concentrations of ibogaine are found in the rest of the plant along with other indole alkaloids in the same family.
These plants are used for medicinal and ritual purposes in African spiritual traditions of the Bwiti tribe in the Congo basin of Africa. It was first promoted in the West as having anti-addictive properties in 1962 by Howard Lotsof, a heroin addict himself. In France it was marketed as Lambarène and used as a stimulant. Additionally, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) studied the effects of ibogaine in the 1950s.
Today, it is illegal in the United States as is considered a Schedule I drug. However, it’s available to varying degrees in many other countries, including Canada and Mexico, as well as several European countries. It’s primarily used in treating addiction for opiates and other highly-addictive drugs, though it is also becoming more common as a tool for personal and spiritual development. Recreational use of ibogaine is nearly non-existent.
Ibogaine simultaneously interacts with several neurotransmitter systems. Its highest affinity is for the sigma-2 receptor, while it has a moderate affinity for opioid receptors and moderate-to-low affinity for serotonin receptors.
It is metabolized by the body into noribogaine, which acts to increase the availability of serotonin in the brain.
Interactions with other drugs
Ibogaine is metabolized in part by the awkwardly named enzyme cytochrome P4502D6. This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of a whole host of other medications and chemicals in the body, so it’s important to know which of these substances will interact with ibogaine prior to use. | biology |
https://www.briannamariefoundation.com/2015/12/2015-john-hopkins-3-d-printer-grant-award/ | 2019-12-07T11:26:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540499389.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20191207105754-20191207133754-00387.warc.gz | 0.941235 | 281 | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__55680250 | en | We are pleased to be a part of clinical trials for a new method of treating babies with spina bifida via fetal surgeries that will seek FDA approval to be used in the US. Spina bifida is a birth defect in which an area of the spinal column doesn’t form properly, leaving a section of the spinal cord and spinal nerves exposed through an opening in the back. One of the most common surgeries to correct this involves a surgery (laparotomy) where there is incision across the mother’s abdomen, the uterus is opened and a pediatric neurosurgeon returns the spinal cord to the spinal canal, and closes the surrounding tissue and skin over the defect to protect the spinal cord from exposure to the amniotic fluid. The uterus and the abdominal incision are then closed. Anytime the uterus is opened there is a significant risk to the mother and baby.The object of this study is to find a way to perform a similar surgery via fetoscopy (surgery that is minimally invasive where there are small incisions made and the fetus is not removed from the uterus) and different materials used as a safer option for mothers and babies. Working with Dr. Ruben Quintero and a world renowned lab we are funding the toxicity testing required to gain FDA approval to move onto the next phase of this trial. Results should be available in late 2016. | biology |
https://breelynwilkymd.com/2018/06/07/asco-2018-updates-for-sarcomas/ | 2023-02-03T22:31:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500076.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203221113-20230204011113-00869.warc.gz | 0.965076 | 3,563 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__83822803 | en | Just having returned from a particularly exhilarating annual ASCO meeting, I wanted to quickly share some of the most exciting results from the sarcoma sessions with all of you. Overall, this year revealed exciting advances in treatment of desmoid tumors, as well as PVNS. Additionally, we learned some important information about oral chemotherapy drugs including regorafenib (Stivarga) for osteosarcomas and liposarcomas, and got some great updates regarding immunotherapy for sarcomas. So grab a coffee or another favorite beverage, and I’ll walk you through the most important findings.
Remember – progression means tumor growth greater than 20%, partial responses means tumor shrinkage greater than 30%, and stable disease means anything in between those two. Median progression-free survival means that for each patient, you measure how long it took for each patient to progress, and then take the number in the middle (like an average but slightly different). For example – if you have 5 patients:
Patient 1: progressed in 3 weeks
Patient 2: progressed in 6 weeks
Patient 3: progressed in 9 weeks
Patient 4: progressed in 5 weeks
Patient 5: progressed in 2 weeks
the progression free survivals then are 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 weeks – so the median would be 5 weeks.
Placebo means a sugar pill.
To remind you, desmoid tumors are NOT cancer, but still aggressive tumors that cause pain, deformities, and interfere in quality of life for our patients. These tumors can be treated with a wide variety of drugs, including anti-inflammatories and anti-hormonal treatments, all the way up to intensive chemotherapies. We sometimes use oral chemotherapy drugs, including sorafenib (Nexavar), but no therapies are officially approved for desmoid tumors. In this year’s ASCO, the results of two clinical trials were presented that showed very promising results for two different oral chemotherapy drugs.
The first study was presented by Dr. Mrinal Gounder from Memorial Sloan Kettering. He reported the results of the Alliance trial where patients with desmoids were assigned to either sorafenib or placebo. Patient who received placebo were allowed to cross over to sorafenib if they progressed. Overall, 33% of patients who received sorafenib had desmoid shrinkage of greater than 30%. However what’s interesting is that in patients who had the placebo, 20% had shrinkage in their desmoids greater than 30%. This means that some patients will have their tumors shrink with no treatment – which is why we often recommend watching and waiting with no treatment for patients with desmoids that are not causing symptoms or are in places that are dangerous if they continue to grow. Now these measurements used size-based criteria, which is always unreliable in desmoids, as many desmoids will die and become inactive but not shrink very much. So they are still analyzing the patients using other methods to better capture benefit, so we’ll have to wait for that information.
Because of this, a better way to look at desmoids is using median progression-free survival – it took 11.3 months for half of the patients on placebo to progress – and in the sorafenib arm, only about 20% of patients had progressed by 36 months of follow up. So what this means is that so far it looks like the sorafenib is working very well in most patients to keep them from progressing, and with longer time in follow up we will understand better about how well the drug works.
The picture below may explain this better – these are survival curves, which show the percent of patients that are progression-free over time – the orange line shows the sorafenib patients and the blue line is the placebo patients. Sorafenib so far appears to be much much better!
The next trial that was presented was called DesmoPaz, from our friends in the French Sarcoma Group. In this study desmoid patients were assigned to either pazopanib, another oral chemo drug that we use for other types of sarcoma, or chemotherapy with methotrexate and vinblastine. The treatment lasted for one year whichever treatment the patients received, and then they were followed. In the patients who received pazopanib, 37% of patients had partial responses, compared to 25% of the chemotherapy patients. most of the remaining patients in the pazopanib group had benefit, with stabilization or shrinkage less than 30%, which again is important because of the size-based measurements that are not reliable for desmoids. The pazopanib at the full dose caused a lot of side effects, however even in sarcomas we usually reduce the dose for most patients, and many patients in this study also had the doses reduced. So again, pazopanib is another treatment option for stubborn desmoids that need to be treated.
PVNS (or tenosynovial giant cell tumor)
PVNS (pigmented villonodular synovitis) is another weird disease that is not cancer, but again there is overgrowth of the lining of joints, called synovium, due to a genetic mutation in a protein called CSF1. These patients develop bad arthritis in their joints, including knees, shoulders, and hips, and sometimes large bulky masses outside of the joints. When surgery can’t be done to remove the tumors they cause a tremendous amount of pain and function problems, and often can affect young people leading to early joint replacement surgeries. No approved treatments exist for PVNS although we sometimes use an oral chemo drug, imatinib (Gleevec) for patients when surgery is not possible.
So this study, ENLIVEN, was presented by Dr. William Tap from Memorial Sloan Kettering, and was a large trial run at many centers. Patients who were not candidates for surgery for PVNS were enrolled and assigned to either pexidartinib, an oral chemo pill that directly inhibits CSF1, or placebo. Patients assigned to placebo were allowed to cross over to get pexidartinib if their PVNS progressed. In patients who received pexidartinib, 39% of patients had tumors shrink more than 30%, including 9 out of 61 patients who had their tumors disappear completely! The rest of the patients had shrinkages less than 30%, with only ONE PATIENT who had their disease grow! In the placebo patients, there were NO patients who had more than 30% shrinkage. They also measured pain and range of motion of the joints which showed significant improvements as well. The only problem with this drug was that there were a small number of patients who had liver damage as a result of the drug, usually this went away with stopping the drug or dropping the dose, however this was the reason why the study was stopped early. This drug will be submitted for review at the FDA and I hope that it will be approved for our patients with PVNS. Stay tuned!
Regorafenib for osteosarcomas and liposarcomas
First, the REGOBONE study by French Sarcoma Group, presented by Dr. Duffaud. This is a large study investigating the oral blood-vessel blocking chemo drug regorafenib (Stivarga) for patients with four different types of bone sarcomas, including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordomas. The results looked at 36 osteosarcoma patients who had progressed on standard chemotherapy, and then received either regorafenib or placebo. Patients assigned to placebo were allowed to cross over and receive regorafenib if they had growth of their tumors. Patients who received the sugar pill had progression (growth) of their disease at a median of 4.1 weeks – but those that got regorafenib had a median progression of 16.4 weeks!!! This is really important because to date, there are really very few effective treatments for osteosarcoma if regular chemotherapy doesn’t cure patients. So I will definitely consider regorafenib moving forward for my patients. It is not approved but we may be able to get insurance to cover it with these results, or through patient assistance programs.
On the other hand, we also saw the updated results for SARC024 study of liposarcoma patients who received regorafenib or placebo – unfortunately there were no responses (tumor shrinkages) and the progression-free survival for regorafenib patients was no different than receiving placebo. Not good for liposarcomas.
Anlotinib for soft tissue sarcomas (including leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and alveolar soft part sarcoma)
Phase III study from China, presented by Dr. Chi. This study enrolled 233 patients with a large number of different soft tissue sarcomas to either anlotinib, an oral chemo drug that blocks blood vessel growth, or placebo. The median progression-free survival was 6.27 months for patients receiving anlotinib compared to 1.47 months for patients receiving placebo. In particular, the drug performed very well for leiomyosarcomas and synovial sarcomas, with median progression-free survivals of close to 6 months. Additionally, they included a whopping 56 patients with alveolar soft part sarcoma (a super rare sarcoma type), and these patients did EXTREMELY well with anlotinib, with median progression-free survival of 18.2 months with anlotinib compared to just 3 months on placebo.
These results are particularly exciting because a clinical trial of anlotinib is going on now in the United States for these three types of sarcomas – Leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and ASPS – so this drug is available for patients here and hopefully the results will be just as good.
Updates in immunotherapy
There were several studies looking at immunotherapy, so I’ll just mention the ones that I think were most exciting.
Engineered T cells for myxoid/round cell liposarcoma – apologies for omitting this in the initial post! For background, myxoid/round cell liposarcoma has a protein on the surface known as NY-ESO-1 in about 90% of patients. We can engineer T cells (our parent immune cells) to be specific for this protein, and then give them to patients along with chemotherapy, in hopes of boosting our immune response against these tumors. Sandra D’Angelo from Memorial Sloan Kettering presented the results from an ongoing study where patients with myxoid liposarcoma had their own T cells harvested from the blood, engineered for NY-ESO-1 and then given back. Out of 8 patients treated, 4 patients had partial responses, and 3 had stable disease! The 8th patient is not yet evaluable for response. These are very exciting results!!!
This trial is still accruing – link to study and sites here:
Pembrolizumab plus TVEC – this was a small study of 20 patients treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering. These patients had several different types of sarcomas with soft tissue nodules that could be injected. The tumors were injected with TVEC, which is a genetically modified virus that can kill tumor cells, and boost the immune system reaction within the tumor site, hopefully leading to the immune system being able to recognize and kill tumor cells floating around in the bloodstream or in other sites as well. These patients also received pembrolizumab, the immune boosting drug that blocks don’t-eat-me signals found on tumor cells or immune cells within tumors. 35% of the patients had tumor shrinkage of greater than 30%, with an additional 35% of patients having stable disease. The patients who benefitted included angiosarcomas on the skin, epithelioid sarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcomas. Now these sarcoma subtypes also can respond to pembrolizumab or related drugs alone, so we don’t know whether the virus added anything additionally, but it’s still very exciting to see.
Axitinib plus pembrolizumab – I presented the results of our study combing the blood vessel blocking drug axitinib with the immune booster pembrolizumab. Out of 33 patients, 25% had their tumors shrink more than 30%. We enrolled 11 patients with ASPS on the study, and out of those patients, 54.5% had partial response, with another 18% of those had stable disease, with the responses lasting almost 2 years in the patients who have been on study the longest! We also had tumor shrinkages in two non-ASPS patients with leiomyosarcoma and epithelioid sarcoma which is very exciting. Overall, about 40% of the non-ASPS patients at least had stable disease or partial response which is encouraging. We will be expanding the study and enrolling more patients with ASPS so hopefully we will see if these results continue.
Sunitinib plus nivolumab – The IMMUNOSARC study is similar, combining the blood vessel blocker sunitinib with another immune boosting drug nivolumab, and the results from their first 14 patients. Excitingly, 42.8% of these patients have had tumor shrinkage, including patients with ASPS, clear cell sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and angiosarcoma. This combination was a little more toxic with drops in the immune cells that led to sepsis so the dose of sunitinib had to be dropped. More patients will be enrolled so will be exciting to see later results.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)
Really we had a lot of nice posters looking at recent research in GIST. There were updates for several trials, but the one that I think was most exciting is below:
Current results of PLX9486 plus pexidartinib or sunitinib – As a reminder, most GIST grow because of mistakes (mutations) in the genetic code for KIT. When patients are first diagnosed, the most common place for the mutation to occur is exon 11 (like a mile marker along the highway.) These patients often respond to treatment with the KIT-blocker, imatinib, but over time most patients develop resistance to the drug, because their GIST develops NEW mistakes in other exons, like 13, 14, 17, and 18. This trial was designed to combine drugs together that would block these other resistance mutations. Dr. Andrew Wagner presented a poster looking at the results of this ongoing trial. The data presented looked at responses in patients treated with either 1) PLX9486 alone, 2) PLX9486 + pexidartinib, or 3) PLX9486 + sunitinib (Sutent). For patients treated with PLX9486 alone or PLX9486 + pexidartinib, the median progression-free survival was about 6 months, with over 60% of patients having at least stable disease on any of these therapies. There were only a few patients reported who had received the combination of PLX9486 + sunitinib, so we will have to wait a bit longer to see that data although it looked promising as well at this early time.
And one more tidbit:
Selinexor for liposarcoma
Selinexor is a relatively new drug, that blocks a protein called exportin-1 whose job it is to shuttle proteins around tumor cells. The SEAL trial, presented by poster by Dr Gounder and colleagues was a Phase II trial of dedifferentiated liposarcoma patients treated with selinexor or placebo. The results of this study showed that patients on selinexor had about 5.5 months of medial progression-free survival with some clear evidence of tumor benefit, although like other sarcomas, size-based measuring is problematic. Lots of nausea but usually mild. So this trial is continuing but looks promising. The trial is continuing with a Phase III portion available for patients.
It’s impossible to summarize all of the incredible information that was presented at ASCO, but I think these were the most critical studies to report to you. I’m sure I’ve forgotten something critical but will be sure to post updates if I receive feedback!
Of course, after all the meetings we had to make sure that our oncologists, nurses, and hard-working research staff had time to recover and celebrate, so here’s a picture from the annual Sylvester Miami Nights celebration. Amazing times! Looking forward to ASCO 2019. | biology |
https://clearclinic.com/new-research-in-fight-against-acne/ | 2024-04-17T22:05:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817181.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417204934-20240417234934-00387.warc.gz | 0.938307 | 217 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__74986365 | en | There’s new research in the treatment of acne vulgaris (commonly referred to as plain old acne). Researchers at UCLA found a virus called a bacteriaphage (also know as phage) that kills the P. acnes bacteria that lead to acne breakouts. P. acnes is the bacteria responsible for causing acne, it lives in the skin’s pores and thrives amongst dead skin cells and sebum oil. Phages act as an antidote to the P. acnes bacteria and actually kill the P. acne
Antibiotics, in combination with other therapies, such as blue light therapy and Isolaz acne therapy, are the most trusted way to effectively clear the skin. In the future, there might be a way to treat and cure acne with topical creams containing phage virus. But for now, we recommend what is proven to fight and treat acne now, that includes a skin care regimen prescribed to you by a Clear Clinic dermatologist, along with laser and light treatments, chemical peels and a healthy diet low in sugar. | biology |
https://cover9ja.com/before-ketogenic-stop-read/ | 2020-01-23T06:34:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250608295.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123041345-20200123070345-00049.warc.gz | 0.962012 | 534 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__206563652 | en | Ketogenic diet has been widely embraced by weight watchers considering the number of reviews from different online platforms. But if you’re reading this piece and still don’t know what Ketogenic diet means, I would spare a few paragraphs elucidating you on what it entails.
The Ketogenic diet is a low-carbs, high-fat, and protein diet. This involves reducing to the barest minimum intake of carbs while substituting it with fat. It is however regarded as ketosis (medical term) which is the process of putting the body in a metabolic state.
Most body cells would rather use blood sugar, which is generated from carbohydrate to maintain energy level in the body. However, in the absence of blood sugar from carbohydrate and other source, the body starts to breakdown reserved fat into molecules known as ketone bodies. In essence, majority of the cells in the body will make use of the ketone bodies as source of energy till we start consuming carbohydrate again.
Weight loss happens to be the primary reason most people subscribe to the ketogenic diet. Although, there are other health benefits of ketogenic diet which includes, improved blood sugar control and balanced cholesterol level.
There has been various debates from nutritionist, nurses, weight-watchers, dietitians and doctors if ketogenic diet is healthy. Some have also argued with the dietary advice of one-size-fits-all (if you want to watch your weight, go for Ketogenic diet). Researchers have expressed concerns based on their findings that the low-carb, high-fat diet as helpful to man is problematic.
The bold question lingers, is ketogenic diet healthy?
The general public are already keeping up on this tab without proper research or consulting their primary care physician. Adequate or substantial studies has not been carried out to validate all the claims thus far. Ketogenic diet is rich in fats and proteins which includes, eggs, meat, cheese, sausage, fish, nuts, butter, and oil. Red meat, fatty and processed meat are well known unhealthy food. Consuming these foods in large quantities poses health dangers.
People living with diabetes need to consider the risk factor of consuming large quantities of egg and cheese which significantly increase the risk of heart disease. Also, patients with kidney issues need to be careful with ketogenic diet as it could intensify their condition.
Kindly share this article as it would help folks who already placed their dietary lifestyle based on people who had success with ketogenic diet. Because it is good for them doesn’t mean it is good for you.– Charles Chidiebere | biology |
https://www.jefflundgren.com/post/paradox-of-the-sympathetic-nervous-system-and-sex | 2024-04-23T09:01:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818468.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423064231-20240423094231-00563.warc.gz | 0.932266 | 564 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__195668181 | en | The human body is a marvel of biological engineering, including the intricacies of sexual response. A key player in this process is the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which consists of two branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. These systems, while seemingly opposed, work in tandem to modulate sexual experience, but not without a fascinating paradox.
The Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
The sympathetic nervous system, often associated with the "fight or flight" response, plays a surprising role in sexual desire. Its activation, contrary to what one might expect, can promote sexual desire. This is because sexual desire, at its onset, forms physiological curiosity as a motivator. The sympathetic system prepares the body for action, which, in this context, translates to the initiation of sexual desire.
For sexual activity to progress from desire to arousal and fulfillment, there's a need for a shift—a transition from the energy-driven sympathetic activation to a more relaxed state governed by the parasympathetic nervous system.
The Parasympathetic Nervous System and Its Role in Arousal
The parasympathetic nervous system is famously known for "rest and digest" functions. In the context of sexual activity, it translates to relaxation, which is essential for arousal and subsequent sexual performance. This shift facilitates increased blood flow, which is crucial for arousal and, for men and women, sexual activity.
The paradox lies in the shift between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. While the sympathetic system triggers desire, its prolonged dominance can hinder the relaxation necessary for arousal, which is regulated by the parasympathetic system. Therefore, striking a balance between these two systems is crucial for a satisfying and healthy sexual experience.
Navigating the Paradox
Understanding this paradox helps people navigate sexual health. Techniques like deep breathing, mindfulness, and relaxation exercises can help activate the parasympathetic response when this doesn't occur organically. Additionally, being cognizant of one's mental state before and during sexual activity can help in managing the balance between these two systems.
The Complications of PTSD
This balance, however, can be particularly challenging for individuals with PTSD. PTSD often involves a heightened sympathetic response, making it difficult for the body to shift into the relaxed state necessary for arousal. This can lead to frustration and a sense of disconnection during sexual activities. Therapy and specialized treatment focusing on managing PTSD symptoms and training the body to activate the parasympathetic response can be instrumental in overcoming these challenges.
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play vital yet paradoxical roles in sexual health. While the former ignites desire, the latter facilitates arousal and completion. Understanding and managing this balance is helpful, especially for individuals with conditions like PTSD. | biology |
https://cbfv.sbfv.org.br/welcome/ | 2024-04-16T03:53:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817043.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416031446-20240416061446-00522.warc.gz | 0.937403 | 584 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__138537185 | en | Welcome to the XIX Brazilian Congress of Plant Physiology – Plant Physiology at the FRONTIERS: from optimal to stress conditions!
The XIX Brazilian Congress of Plant Physiology (in portuguese, Congresso Brasileiro de Fisiologia Vegetal – CBFV 2024) will be held at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State – Brazil from October 07th to 11th 2024, in the Academic-Cultural Space Fernando Sabino – UFV.
The purpose of the biennial Congress (CBFV 2024) is to provide a unique international forum for junior and senior academic researchers, professors, post and undergraduate students, and professionals who specialize in different fields of Plant Physiology, and others interested in the area.
This exciting Congress will facilitate the exchange of research results and ideas, bringing up-to-date and emerging concepts to the forefront. By offering about 25 presentations from worldwide recognized scientists coupled with two poster sessions and two round tables, this event will illustrate the dynamism and excellence of research in a field that is a major challenge for plant biology and agronomy, in the context of climate change.
Following an initiative made by different plant physiologists from different regions of Brazil and supported by the Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology (https://www.sbfv.org.br/), this face-to-face meeting has occurred since 1987. It also allows direct and close interaction between researchers and students, a differentiating factor that must exist in such events.
It will be an excellent opportunity for both researchers and postgraduate and undergraduate students to update their current knowledge while simultaneously interacting with scientists who are producing knowledge and modifying the vision and concepts in the area. Despite being a national event, the CBFV 2024 has an international reach and is therefore held entirely in English.
The CBFV will feature 25 lectures by renowned plant physiology researchers from Brazil and abroad, invited due to their excellent work on innovative and disruptive topics. This five-day meeting will consist of 6 thematic conference sections, in addition to two poster sessions, awards, and social activities at the opening and closing of our event.
To allow timely registration and reduce the impact of the cost of participating in the event, we inform you that all registrations made until June 30, 2024, can be paid at reduced fees (especially for members supporting the Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology).
We count on your membership and participation to maintain this event as a high point for meeting and discussion of the plant physiology community in Brazil.
On behalf of the members of the Local Organizing Committee and the Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology we warmly invite you to Brazilian Congress of Plant Physiology 2024.
We look forward to seeing you all in person in Viçosa – MG, Brazil! | biology |
https://www.evolutionvision.org/sperm-counting-chamber-5107983.html | 2024-04-22T03:33:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818072.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422020223-20240422050223-00650.warc.gz | 0.929696 | 128 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__86481875 | en | The Shukratara-Sperm Counting Chamber is extensively utilized in sperm banks and other labs for counting the number of sperms from the undiluted semen specimen. The sperm count is required for procedures like andrology and IVF. It shows the accurate count of sperms without making any manual efforts. The depth of the Sperm Counting Chamber helps to eliminate blurring and allows free movement of sperms. It has the facility of self-controlled test to provide exact number. Further, the device is easy to use and can be re-used for several years by cleaning it after use. | biology |
https://amyoes.com/2016/11/27/visbiome/ | 2019-08-18T20:22:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027313996.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818185421-20190818211421-00276.warc.gz | 0.945312 | 795 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__155648478 | en | I have been given [this product] as part of a product review through the Chronic Illness Bloggers network. Although the product was a gift, all opinions in this review remain my own and I was in no way influenced by the company.
I’ve just had a chance to try a great new productive. And thankfully, it’s effective for an especially important purpose – to keep my insides healthy 🙂
What is Visbiome™?
Everyone knows that probiotics are important. Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for your health, especially your digestive system. We usually think of bacteria as something that causes diseases. But your body is full of bacteria, both good and bad. Probiotics are often called “good” or “helpful” bacteria because they help keep your gut healthy.
I’m just tried a great product to help keep my gut healthy. I may have written a show called Gutless & Grateful, but keeping my insides healthy is extremely important for this body!!! Visbiome™ is a high potency probiotic medical food, containing 8 strains of live bacteria in concentrations of 450 billion bacteria per packet and 112.5 billion per capsule. That’s a lot of science talk, but basically it is a probiotic medical food to help you manage manage IBS, ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, and hepatic encephalopathy. This is medical FOOD, not a drug, so it’s natural and exactly what your body craves. Visbiome is a non-drug therapy that addresses distinct nutritional requirements, to promote microbial balance, in people with IBS, ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, and hepatic encephalopathy that a diet alone can’t manage. This medical food was exactly what I needed to start feeling better, with all of my GI issues.
So, these probiotics are actually live microorganisms that are extremely therapeutic for your body. They protect against harmful bacteria. I didn’t realize how important that was. Taking Visbiome made me feel so much better! The more I learned the more I realized that taking Visbiome could protect against:
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Atopic Dermatitis
- Allergic Rhinitis
- And even a cold!
Here’s why it worked for me…and why I feel good using it:
What is the most important thing to know about Visbiome? It’s a a high potency probiotic medical food, containing 8 strains of live bacteria in concentrations of 450 billion bacteria per packet and 112.5 billion per capsule. Visbiomet intended for the dietary management of the IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), ulcerative colitis, of an ileal pouch and of IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) All it takes it going to Whole Foods to see all of the probiotics on the market, but what’s so special about Visbiome is that it contains the De Simone Formulation. While other probiotics claim their ability to perform, Visbiome-Probiotic is one of the most widely studied probiotics with over 60 published human clinical studies. Visbiome is being used in more than 20 trials worldwide. This is not a new product, which always makes me feel better.
It wasn’t long before I started feeling much more energized, healthy and vital. I’ve read for a long time that everyone should be taking probiotics, but Visbiome was the first probiotics I’ve taken where I could actually feel results. There is no “one” right probiotic for every person…but let me just say that I’ve tried MANY probiotics, and I can’t recommend Visbiome enough – for anyone and everyone! | biology |
https://pro.stoptb.org/news/stop-tb-partnership-pays-tribute-to-prof-don-enarson | 2022-12-04T06:11:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710962.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20221204040114-20221204070114-00013.warc.gz | 0.977731 | 237 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__245988026 | en | The Stop TB Partnership is deeply saddened to learn about the passing of Prof. Don Enarson. He was an internationally known figure and one of Canada's foremost experts in tuberculosis (TB) control. His outstanding contribution to lung health and the fervent fight against TB is undisputable.
Prof. Enarson, who died last week, served as The Union's Director of Scientific Activities from 1991 to 2009. One of the most distinguished researchers and consultants in the field of lung health over the past several decades, Prof Enarson continued to serve as Adjunct Professor, the Department of Medicine at the University of Alberta.
He was well-known for his big heart and many selfless acts and, as a result, was much loved by all those who knew him. He will be remembered, among many other things, for his research on the epidemiological basis of TB and the public health approach to TB prevention and care; advocacy for, and implementation of, the epidemiological approach to disease control; and the mentoring of a generation of lung health experts and leaders around the world.
Our thoughts go to his family and friends around the world with whom we share this profound loss. | biology |
http://www.canids.org/PUBLICAT/AWDACTPL/1intro.htm | 2013-12-07T01:22:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163052949/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131732-00035-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.923034 | 4,106 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__71971276 | en | The IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group's
African Wild Dog Status Survey and Action Plan (1997)
Later chapters describe the current distribution and status of Africa's remaining wild dog population, and the threats faced by these populations, before recommending measures for their conservation.
There can be no doubt that African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) have declined over the last century, and this decline has accelerated in the last 30 years. They were once distributed through much of sub-Saharan Africa, apart from rainforest areas and deserts (Fanshawe et al. 1991; Monod 1928; Schaller 1972). Now, however, they have been extirpated from most of their range - they are extinct in most countries in West and Central Africa, and in the East and the South they are confined to a few areas where human population density remains low (Chapter 3). Today, Africa's wild dog population numbers between 3,000 and 5,500. Most populations outside - and sometimes inside - protected areas may still be declining. Wild dogs are rare compared with other high-profile species in Africa: there are about the same number of wild dogs as there are black rhinos (Diceros bicornis, ~3,000 remaining, Cumming et al. 1990), fewer wild dogs than cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus, 9-12,000 remaining, Nowell & Jackson 1996), and far fewer wild dogs than African elephants (Loxodonta africana, 100-130,000 remaining, Said et al. 1995).
The ultimate cause of wild dogs' decline has been a combination of persecution and habitat loss. Like other large predators, wild dogs do kill livestock under some circumstances, and have therefore been shot, snared and poisoned in most livestock areas (Chapter3). Worse still, they have been persecuted in the name of animal welfare and conservation. Wild dogs kill their prey by tearing it to pieces or disembowelling it (Kuhme 1965), and this earned them a reputation as cruel and bloodthirsty killers. Game managers' attitudes to them are exemplified by Bere's (1955) observation that they
"...hunt in packs, killing wantonly far more than they need for food, and by methods of the utmost cruelty... When the Uganda national parks were established it was considered necessary, as it had often been elsewhere, to shoot wild dogs in order to give the antelope opportunity to develop their optimum numbers. Fortunately only a few of these creatures have had to be destroyed and their number in the parks does not seem to be particularly large...".
This last remark of Bere's points to a crucial aspect of wild dog ecology: they always live at very low densities, and are rare even where they live in large well-protected habitats with abundant prey (Chapter 4). This makes them unusually susceptible to habitat fragmentation. Growing human populations have caused wild dog habitat to become discontinuous, as large tracts of land have been taken over for livestock grazing and cultivation. As more people have colonized the land, wild dogs have been persecuted and their prey have been depleted. Wild dog populations have, therefore, become increasingly isolated in fragments of habitat with few human inhabitants. Since wild dogs live at such low densities, even the largest of these fragments could support only small populations, which are vulnerable to extinction (Soulé 1987). Worse still, wild dogs were persecuted inside national parks and game reserves, which represented some of the best remaining habitat. This combination of habitat fragmentation, persecution and prey loss explains wild dogs' dramatic decline across most of Africa. As a result of this process, today wild dogs persist only in countries with relatively low human population densities (Chapter 3).
Although wild dog numbers have declined markedly, it is not too late to prevent their extinction. Viable populations remain in several countries in East and southern Africa and, with adequate protection, there is no reason why these populations should not persist. However, to conserve wild dogs we must understand the factors that have led their numbers to fall across Africa in the past, and determine the threats that might cause further decline or extinction in the future. If we can use this knowledge to halt wild dogs' decline, then we can prevent their extinction without the "emergency" measures that have been necessary for some other endangered carnivores (Caughley 1994; Clark 1994; May 1986; Phillips 1995).
Given wild dogs' current circumstances, this Action Plan has the following aims:
The Action Plan is structured to meet these aims. The remainder of this chapter concerns aspects of wild dogs' natural history that are crucial for understanding the threats they face, and the management options that are possible. Chapter 2 deals with genetic factors important in wild dog conservation, especially their taxonomy and the identification of sub-species. Chapter 3 describes the current status and distribution of wild dog populations across Africa. Chapter 4 outlines the threats faced by wild dogs, and Chapter 5 uses demographic modelling to assess the probability that any of these threats might contribute to the extinction of remaining populations. Chapter 6 draws upon this information to propose measures for the conservation of free-ranging wild dog populations, and Chapter 7 discusses the rôle that captive wild dogs might play in this effort. Chapter 8 describes the additional research that is needed to allow us to refine our strategies for wild dog management. Chapter 9 summarizes the recommendations of Chapters 7 and 8 to propose actions for wild dog conservation in each range state.
The Action Plan also has four appendices. Some of the tactics that we discuss for wild dog conservation involve vaccination against infectious diseases, and immobilization for radio-collaring. Such procedures have been the subject of considerable controversy and we have, therefore, included a full discussion of this issue in Appendix 1. Appendix 2 provides details of some techniques used in current research projects on wild dogs, which may be of use to people directly involved with the management of wild dog populations. Appendix 3 is a list of contributors to this Action Plan, and Appendix 4 gives a detailed bibliography of publications concerning wild dogs.
Many of the problems faced by wild dogs stem from basic features of their natural history. Here we discuss aspects of wild dog biology which are important in understanding the reasons for their decline, and in devising plans for their conservation.
Wild dogs mostly hunt medium-sized antelope; their principal prey in several parts of Africa are summarized in Table1.1. They will chase larger species, such as eland and buffalo, but rarely kill such prey (Creel & Creel 1995; Ginsberg 1992). Wild dogs also take small prey such as hares, lizards and even eggs (Creel & Creel 1995; Ginsberg 1992), but these probably make a fairly small contribution to their diet.
Wild dogs do take livestock in some areas, but this is a fairly rare occurrence. In and around the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, wild dogs ignored livestock (Fanshawe 1989; Fuller & Kat 1990), and in one case in Zimbabwe they ran through a paddock of calves to chase a kudu in the neighbouring paddock (Rasmussen 1996). The only study of wild dog depredation on livestock found that the dogs took far fewer cattle than the farmers believed (Rasmussen 1996). Nevertheless wild dogs can occasionally become a severe problem for livestock, especially smaller stock such as sheep and goats (Chapter4).
|Table 1.1 Principal prey taken by wild dogs in various study sites across Africa. The proportions of prey taken in Serengeti were calculated from data presented in Fanshawe & FitzGibbon (1993); all other data were presented by wild dog atending the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group's Workshop on the Conservation & Recovery of the African wild dog, held in Arusha, Tanzania, in 1992. Data from Hwange provided by J.R.G., data from Kruger provided by M.G.L. Mills, data from Masai Mara provided by P.Kat, data from Moremi provided by J.W.McNutt, data from Namibia provided by L.Scheepers, data from Selous provided by S.Creel, data from Zambia provided by F. Munyenyembe.|
|Study site||Preferred prey|
|Hwange National Park, Zmbabwe||impala (60%)||kudu (30%)||reedbuck (2%)|
|Kruger National Park, South Africa||impala (52%)||kudu (12%)||reedbuck (15%)|
|Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya||Thompson's gazelle (67%)||impala (17%)||wildebeest (8%)|
|Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana||impala (85%)||kudu||lechwe|
|Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania||impala (69%)||wildebeest (11%)||reedbuck (3%), warthog (3%)|
|Serengeti National Park, Tanzania||Thompson's gazelle (57%)||wildebeest (40%)||Grant's gazelle, zebra|
Wild dogs are intensely social animals, spending almost all of their time in close association with one other. Packs may be as small as a pair, or number as many as 27 adults and yearlings (M.G.L. Mills, pers. comm., R.Burrows 1993, Fuller et al. 1992a) - average pack compositions for various study sites are summarized in Table1.2. Packs are formed when small same-sex sub-groups - usually siblings - leave their natal groups and join up with other sub-groups of the opposite sex. Thus, in newly-formed packs the females are closely related to one another, but not to the males, and the males are closely related to one another, but not to the females (Burrows 1995; Frame et al. 1979; Fuller et al. 1992a). Young born into such packs may remain there, or disperse as yearlings or young adults to form new packs.
|Table 1.2 Pack compositions of wild dogs in various study sites across Africa. Data for Hwange, Kruger, Masai Mara, Moremi and Serengeti are from Fuller et al. (1992a), and data from Selous are from Creel & Creel (1995).|
|Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe||5 packs||7.8||3.2||5.4|
|Kruger National Park, South Africa||8 packs||4.8||2.1||5.8|
|Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya||6 packs||4.2||4.0||8.8|
|Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana||8 packs||4.3||2.5||8.3|
|Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania||6 packs||7.7||4.3||6.3|
|Serengeti National Park, Tanzania||7 packs||6.6||6.0||11.2|
Members of wild dog packs hunt cooperatively. By hunting together, they can capture prey much larger than themselves which would not otherwise be accessible to them. Wild dogs weigh 20-25kg, but their prey average around 50kg, and may be as large as 200kg (Creel & Creel 1995; Malcolm & van Lawick 1975).
Wild dog hunts are almost always preceded by a ?social rally' which is believed to coordinate the pack in preparation for hunting (Estes & Goddard 1967; Kuhme 1965). Once prey sight the dogs, they may flee, or stand and defend themselves alone or as a herd (Creel & Creel 1995; Kuhme 1965). During chases, wild dogs may run at speeds of up to 60km/h, and are specially adapted to deal with the heat stress that this involves (Taylor et al. 1971). During such chases, wild dogs are spaced around the running prey so that a member of the pack can intercept the quarry as it turns. After this dog has made the first grab, other pack members cooperate to drag the quarry to a halt (Creel & Creel 1995; Estes & Goddard 1967; Kuhme 1965).
Once the quarry has been brought to bay, one or a few dogs may distract it from the front, while others attack from behind and begin to disembowel it (Kuhme 1965). Alternatively, one pack member may restrain the head of the prey by biting its nose, and holding on while the others make the kill (Creel & Creel 1995; Malcolm & van Lawick 1975). When hunting ungulate calves, some members of a wild dog pack may distract the mother while the remainder attack her calf.
As a result of such cooperative hunting, each pack member has a higher foraging success (measured as kg killed per km chased) than it would if it hunted alone (Creel & Creel 1995). Larger packs are also better able to defend their kills against scavenging hyaenas (Fanshawe & FitzGibbon 1993).
In most wild dog packs, a single dominant female is the mother of all the pups, although two or even three females may breed on some occasions (Fuller et al. 1992a). However, all pack members are involved in caring for the pups (Frame et al. 1979; Malcolm & Marten 1982; van Heerden & Kuhn 1985). Such additional care is vital if pups are to survive: packs rarely manage to raise any pups if they contain fewer than four members (S.R. Creel pers. comm.).
The pups are born in a den, where they remain for the first three months of life. The mother is confined to the den during early lactation, and relies on other pack members to feed her at this time. Wild dogs deliver food to the mother by regurgitation; later on, they regurgitate to the pups as well (Malcolm & Marten 1982). Some pack members also ?babysit' the pups, and chase predators away from the den (Malcolm & Marten 1982).
Perhaps because so many helpers are available to assist with pup care (Creel & Creel 1991), wild dogs' litters are enormous: litters number 10-11 pups on average and occasionally contain as many as 21 pups (Fuller et al. 1992a). Pup mortality may be high, however. There is some evidence to suggest that more pups survive in packs where there are more helpers to assist with their care, but this is certainly not always the case (S.R. Creel pers. comm., Burrows 1995; Fuller et al. 1992a; Malcolm & Marten 1982).
As well as a dominant, breeding female, each pack also has a dominant male (Frame et al. 1979; Malcolm & Marten 1982). Both mating behaviour and genetic analysis indicate that the dominant male fathers most (but not all) of the pups (D.Girman pers. comm., Malcolm & Marten 1982). However, dominant males are usually no more assiduous in caring for the pups than are other males in the pack (Malcolm & Marten 1982).
Since wild dog females cannot breed without assistance, in most cases the pack, rather than the individual, should be considered the basic unit within the population.
Wild dogs have enormous home ranges (Table1.3), much larger than would be expected on the basis of their body size (Gittleman & Harvey 1982). Packs are confined to relatively small areas when they are feeding young pups at a den, but outside the denning period they are truly nomadic. For example, in Serengeti home ranges were 50-260km² during denning, but 1,500-2,000km² at other times (Burrows 1995), and a pack in Kruger ranged over 80km² when denning, but 885km² after denning (Gorman et al. 1992).
|Table 1.3 Home ranges of wild dogs in various study sites across Africa. Data for Aitong are from Fuller & Kat (1990), data from Hwange, Kruger, Moremi and Serengeti are from Fuller et al. (1992a), and data from Selous are from Creel & Creel (1995).|
|Study site||Sample||Home range size|
|Aitong, near Masai Mara, Kenya||1 pack||659 km²|
|Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe||4 packs||423 km² (range 260-633 km²|
|Kruger National Park, South Africa||20 packs||553 km² (ran ge 150-1,110 km²)|
|Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana||9 packs||617 km² (range 375-1,050 km²)|
|Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania||6 packs||438 km² (range 620-2,460 km²)|
|Serengeti National Park, Tanzania||5 packs||1,318 km² (range 620-2,460 km²)|
The home ranges of different wild dog packs may overlap considerably, but they rarely enter one anothers' core areas and so their ranges are, to some extent, exclusive (Fuller et al. 1992a). As a result, wild dogs' large home ranges translate into very low population densities (Table1.4). The reasons why wild dogs live at such low densities are not clear, but several studies indicate that their numbers are rarely limited by the availability of ungulate prey (Creel & Creel 1996; Fuller et al. 1992a; Mills & Biggs 1993). This issue is discussed in detail in Chapter 4.
|Table 1.4 Population densities of wild dogs in various study sites across Africa. Data for Aitong are from Fuller & Kat (1990), data for Hluhluwe, Hwange, Selous and Serengeti are from Creel & Creel (1996), and data for Kruger are from Mills & Biggs (1993).|
|Study site||Population density (adults/100 km²)|
|Aitong, near Masai Mara, Kenya||2..6-4.6|
|Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa||3.3|
|Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe||1.5|
|Kruger National Park, South Africa||2.0|
|Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania||4|
|Serengeti National Park, Tanzania|
Even wild dog packs which inhabit protected areas may travel extensively outside the reserve borders - where they encounter human activity and threats such as roads, snares and livestock farmers likely to persecute them (Chapter 4). Wild dogs dispersing away from their natal packs range even more widely - they have been followed for hundreds of kilometres (Fuller et al. 1992b) and single wild dogs, or single-sex groups, are occasionally reported from countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, where there has been no resident wild dog population for some years (Chapter3).
In this chapter, we have outlined the background to the problems faced by wild dogs today, and given brief details of their natural history. An important conclusion is that the pack, rather than the individual, should be considered the basic unit of wild dog populations.
The next chapter will discuss wild dog taxonomy and other aspects of wild dog genetics important in their conservation.
Return to Wild Dog Action Plan Table of Contents, AWD Species Account, CSG Publications or CSG Home Page.
© 1997 International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. | biology |
http://www.ci.auburn.in.us/blog/wpc-provides-important-community-service/ | 2018-08-19T07:51:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221214713.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819070943-20180819090943-00679.warc.gz | 0.958046 | 881 | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__109634937 | en | When Dave Lochner started working at the City of Auburn’s Water Pollution Control (WPC) Department two days after graduating from high school, he had no idea that he was embarking on what would become a lifelong career as a civil servant.
Lochner joined the WPC Department in 1972 as a plant operator. From the beginning, he learned all facets of wastewater treatment and operations.
“I learned everything to do with the wastewater plant—from fixing pumps to conducting lab tests. I understood it all so I could plug in anywhere I was needed,” he shares.
Lochner served in that role for 10 years before becoming WPC superintendent—a role he’s held for 35 years now. What has kept him there is the importance of what the WPC Department does on a daily basis.
The Importance of Cleaning Wastewater
Lochner says most people don’t give much thought to what happens to the wastewater from their home and community. Yet, it affects us long after disappearing down the drain—and if it’s not properly cleaned, the impact can be detrimental.
Wastewater is water used by homes, businesses and industries. The WPC Department treats it before it is released back to the environment. During the treatment process—which takes approximately 38 hours to complete—pollutants in the water are reduced to a level that nature can handle. This ensures there is clean water for the plants and animals that live in water, as well as those who enjoy recreational activities on the water.
If wastewater is not properly cleaned, it can carry disease. Since we live, work and play near water in Auburn, harmful bacteria must be removed to make water safe. That’s why WPC operations are non-stop, with equipment running 24/7, every day of the year.
Complex, Necessary Operations
Auburn’s WPC operations have grown quite a bit since Lochner started there. In 1972, WPC pumped 1.7 million gallons a day. Today, the department—which now has two treatment plants—pumps 4.5 million gallons a day. It can pump up to 9 million gallons a day, if needed. A team of 15 people, including plant operations, maintenance, lab, collections and biosolid (sludge removal for resale as soil imminent), make it all happen.
The WPC Department also conducts important lab work. The lab staff—a repeated recipient of the Laboratory Excellence award from the Indiana Water Pollution Control Association—tests about 30,000 wastewater samples per year.
Devotion to Process Evident
Wastewater has the potential to affect public health, economic development, recreation, and other aspects of everyday life. This makes the WPC Department a vital part of Auburn’s city services. The work Lochner and his team performs daily ensures the health and well-being of Auburn.
“Wastewater treatment is complicated and laborious, but it’s a necessity,” says Lochner. “This team is dedicated to their work and providing the community with this important service.”
The Wastewater Treatment Process
On a daily basis, the WPC Department performs preliminary, primary, secondary and disinfection treatments. The whole process consists of six phases:
- Preliminary treatment reduces the size of large solids in the influent flow, which protects the remainder of the plant units from damage due to jamming.
- Primary clarifiers receive raw sewage and waste activated sludge. These tanks allow necessary solids to settle to the bottom of the tank, thereby allowing the clearer wastewater to flow to the next phase of treatment.
- Activated sludge treatment is provided in ten aeration tanks.
- Secondary treatment occurs in eleven final clarifiers. These units are sludge collecting units, similar to the process during primary treatment.
- The wastewater is chlorinated for proper disinfection in order to reduce the pathogens to a permissible level.
- During the final phase of tertiary and post-aeration treatment, the flow is directed to two 1.7 MG terminal ponds. These ponds polish the secondary effluent through various physical and biological processes before the wastewater is post-aerated and discharged into Cedar Creek. | biology |
https://gregg784.com/2018/07/18/plant-life/ | 2023-06-09T17:18:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656788.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609164851-20230609194851-00666.warc.gz | 0.938518 | 3,311 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__171864491 | en | Roots are those underground portions of a plant that store food, absorb water and minerals from the soil, and anchor the plant in the earth.
Roots account for more than 80 per cent of plants’ biomass in ecosystems such as tundra and short grass prairies. In many plants, roots are longer and spread wider than the shoots. The extensive root systems of plants are effective collectors of water and minerals necessary for the life of the plant.
Root Cap and Quiescent Center
The root’s structure facilitates each of its functions. Tips of roots are covered by a thimble-shaped root cap. At the base of the root, the cap is a meristem that produces cells that form the cap.
The meristem pushes cells forward into the cap, which protects the tip of the growing root as it forces its way through the soil. As these cells move through the cap, they differentiate into rows of columella cells. Columella cells contain plastids that sediment, in response to gravity, to the lower side of the cell. This sedimentation is how roots perceive gravity.
Surrounding the outside of the root cap are peripheral cells. Peripheral cells produce and secrete large amounts of a slimy, water-soluble substance called mucigel. Mucigel has several important functions.
It protects roots from desiccation and contains compounds that diffuse into the soil and inhibit the growth of other roots. Mucigel also lubricates roots as they force their way between soil particles. Soil particles cling to mucigel, thus increasing the root’s contact with the soil, which helps roots absorb water.
Just behind the root cap is the quiescent centre, which is made up of five hundred to one thousand seemingly inactive cells. Cells of the quiescent centre divide only about once every twenty days, while those of the adjacent meristem divide as often as twice per day.
Cells of the quiescent centre become active when the tip of the root is damaged. When this occurs, the quiescent cells divide rapidly to form cells to repair the damaged root tip. The quiescent centre also organizes the patterns of primary growth in roots.
The subapical region of roots consists of three zones: the zone of cellular division, the zone of cellular elongation, and the zone of cellular maturation.
These regions of the root intergrade and are not sharply defined. The zone of cellular division surrounds the quiescent centre and is a dome-shaped meristem 0.5 to 1.5 millimetres behind the root tip.
Thus, the meristem of a root is subterminal and is made of small, multisided cells. Meristematic cells divide between one and two times per day. In some plants, the meristem produces almost twenty thousand new cells per day. The rate of these divisions is influenced by hormones such as ethylene.
The zone of cellular elongation is 4 to 15 millimetres behind the root tip. Cells in this zone elongate rapidly by filling their vacuoles with water. As a result, the elongating zone is easily distinguished from the root cap and zone of cellular division by its long, vacuolate cells.
Cellular elongation in the elongating zone pushes the root cap and apical meristem through the soil as fast as 2 to 4 centimetres per day. Cellular elongation is typically inhibited by the hormone auxin and stimulated by low concentrations of ethylene.
Cells behind the elongating zone do not elongate. Elongation begins the process of cellular differentiation, or specialization. Differentiation is completed in the zone of cellular maturation, which is 1 to 5 centimetres behind the root tip. The maturation zone is distinguished by the presence of numerous root hairs—as many as forty thousand per square centimetre.
Root hairs increase the surface area of the root by a factor of several thousand and are usually less than 1 millimetre long. They live only a few days and form only in the mature, elongating region of the root. Because root hairs are fragile extensions of epidermal cells, they usually break off when plants are transplanted.
All mature tissues of roots from behind the zone of cellular maturation. The root is surrounded by an epidermis, which is usually only one cell thick. Epidermal cells usually lack a cuticle. The epidermis covers all of the root except the root cap and typically has no openings.
Immediately inside the epidermis is the cortex. The cortex occupies most of a root’s volume and consists of three concentric layers: the hypodermis, storage parenchyma cells, and the endodermis. The hypodermis is a waxy, protective layer that slows outward movement of water. Thus, the hypodermis helps roots retain water and nutrients that have been absorbed.
Most of the cortex consists of thin-walled parenchyma cells that store carbohydrates. These cells are separated by large intercellular spaces occupying as much as 30 per cent of the root’s volume. The innermost layer of the cortex is the endodermis.
Unlike other cortical cells, endodermal cells are packed tightly together and lack intercellular spaces. Their radial and transverse walls, furthermore, are impregnated with a Casparian strip of lignin and suberin.
If endodermal cells are compared to bricks in a brick wall, then the Casparian strip is analogous to the mortar surrounding each brick. The Casparian strip prevents inward movement of water and nutrients through the cell wall and intercellular spaces. The endodermis functions somewhat like a valve that regulates the movement of nutrients.
Collectively, the tissues inside the cortex are called the stele, which consists of the pericycle, vascular tissues, and sometimes a pith. The pericycle is the outermost layer of the stele and is a meristematic layer of cells one to several cells thick; it produces secondary, or lateral, roots.
Inside the pericycle is the root’s vascular tissue, which consists of xylem and phloem. Vascular tissues transport water, minerals, and sugars throughout the plant and differentiate in response to auxin, a plant hormone, coming from the shoot.
Roots of most dicotyledons (dicots) and gymnosperms have a lobed, solid core of primary xylem in the centre of the root. Roots of monocots and a few dicots have a ring of vascular tissue that surrounds a pith.
Bundles of primary phloem differentiate between lobes of xylem. In dicots and gymnosperms, a vascular cambium later forms between the xylem and phloem and produces secondary growth that thickens the root.
Types of Root Systems
|Types of root systems|
Different kinds of plants often have different kinds of root systems. Most gymnosperms and dicots have a taproot system consisting of a large primary root and smaller branch roots. In plants such as the carrot, fleshy taproots store large amounts of carbohydrates. Not all taproots store food.
Long taproots of plants such as poison ivy and mesquite are modified for reaching water deep in the ground rather than storing food. Many plants have very long taproots. Engineers digging a mine in the southeastern United States uncovered the taproot of a mesquite tree more than 50 meters down.
Most monocots such as corn and other grasses have a fibrous root system that consists of an extensive mass of similarly sized roots. Most of these roots are adventitious roots, which form on organs other than roots themselves.
Fibrous roots of some plants are edible—for example, sweet potatoes are fleshy parts of fibrous root systems of Ipomoea (morning glory) plants. Plants with fibrous root systems reduce erosion because their root systems are extensive and cling tightly to soil particles.
Adventitious roots are common in ferns, club mosses, and horsetails. In plants such as tree ferns, adventitious roots form in stems, grow down through the cortex, and finally emerge at the base of the stem.
Adventitious roots are a primary means of asexual reproduction in many plants. For example, prairie grasses and forests of quaking aspen trees are often derived from a single individual propagated by adventitious roots.
Humans use adventitious roots to propagate plants such as raspberries, apples, and brussels sprouts. Formation of adventitious roots is controlled by hormones such as auxin, which is often an ingredient in “rooting” compounds sold commercially.
The structure of a root relates directly to its four primary functions: absorption, anchorage, conduction, and storage. For example, most water and nutrients are absorbed by root hairs in the zone of maturation of the root.
The water thereafter moves through the root either inside cells or in spaces between cells. Water seeping between cells finally encounters the endodermis, which is the primary barrier to absorption.
The Casparian strip in the endodermis ensures that water and nutrients enter the stele via the plasmodesmata (narrow strands of cytoplasm that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells). Most nutrients are absorbed and accumulate in the apical 0.3 to 0.5 meter of the root.
Few nutrients are absorbed past a few centimetres beyond the root tip because these parts of the root lack root hairs and have a waxy endodermis.
These non-absorptive regions of roots anchor plants and may later produce branch roots. Water and dissolved nutrients absorbed by roots move to the shoot in xylem. Roots receive nutrients from the shoot via the phloem. These nutrients either are used for growth or are stored in cortical cells for future use.
Roots of many plants are modified for special functions. For example, roots of plants such as beets, radishes, dandelions, and cassava store large amounts of starch. Sweet potato roots store carbohydrates as sugars. Roots of other plants are used for asexual reproduction.
Roots of cherry, apple, and teak possess adventitious buds that form shoots called suckers. When separated from the parent plant, suckers become new individuals. Adventitious buds are a common means of propagating many other plants.
For example, most groups of creosote bushes are clones derived from a single plant. Some of these clones are more than twelve thousand years old—meaning that the first seed germinated approximately four thousand years before humans began writing.
The roots of many plants minimize competition for water and nutrients by growing in different parts of the soil. For example, mesquite trees growing in deserts often have tap roots more than 20 meters long that obtain water from the underground water table.
Nearby cacti, however, survive in the same environment by producing a shallow root system that spreads as far as 30 meters. Cactus roots do not reach the water table; rather, they quickly absorb water after the infrequent and often heavy rains that occur in the desert.
Roots can protect the plant from other organisms. Most root defences against soil pathogens are chemical rather than structural. Roots often secrete noxious chemicals that inhibit the growth of pathogens and other organisms, including other plants, in some cases.
Prop roots are aerial roots that grow into the soil. They are common in plants such as corn and banyan trees. Banyan trees produce thousands of prop roots that grow down from horizontally oriented stems and form pillar-like supports.
The growth and distribution of roots are controlled by several environmental factors. For example, the short days and cooler temperatures of winter typically cause roots to become inactive.
Microbes living in the soil also affect how roots grow. Most microbes in soil live within 10 micrometres of the root and secrete compounds that significantly affect growth and distribution of roots. These compounds can affect the anatomy, morphology, a number of root hairs, and branching patterns of root systems.
Microbes also affect how plants absorb and transport minerals from the soil. Plants growing in sterile soil absorb fewer minerals than those growing in soil containing microbes. Beneficial fungi called mycorrhizae live in and on roots of almost all plants in a form of mutualism, meaning that both the plant and the fungus benefit from the association.
The mycorrhizae absorb nutrients from the environment, while the host plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, and other organic substances. Plants with mycorrhizae tolerate drought and other types of stress better than uninfected plants.
Roots of legumes such as beans are often infected with Rhizobium (from rhiza, the Greek word for “root”), a genus of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Swellings in response to these infections are called nodules. Bacteria receive carbohydrates and other substances from the host, while the host plants receive large amounts of usable nitrogen from the bacteria.
Many organisms compete with roots to collect nutrients and water in the soil. For example, 1 gram of fertile soil contains approximately 109bacteria, 106 actinomycetes (a group of fungi-like bacteria), 105 fungi, and 103 algae.
Plants have evolved several different strategies for competing with these organisms. One is to produce an extensive root system consisting of many roots that permeate the soil. Most roots grow in the upper 3 meters of soil, however, where nutrients are most abundant.
The narrow zone of soil surrounding a root and subject to its influence is called the rhizosphere. Roots modify the rhizosphere by secreting organic matter, compressing the soil, and absorbing nutrients. As a result of these effects, the rhizosphere is significantly different from bulk soil. It usually contains large amounts of energy-rich molecules. These molecules are eaten by fungi and bacteria.
Roots tend to grow best in moist, loosely packed soil. Roots of many plants grow two to four times faster in loose, sandy soil than in tightly packed clay. The slow growth of roots in poorly aerated soil is probably caused by the accumulation of ethylene, a plant hormone that slows root growth.
Roots of plants that grow in wet areas are usually small and modified for gas exchange. They possess small amounts of xylem, lack root hairs, and contain large intercellular spaces, thereby improving ventilation.
Roots of aquatic plants are also modified for gas exchange. For example, the black mangrove produces specialized roots called pneumatophores, which grow up into the air, where they function like snorkels through which oxygen diffuses to submerged roots.
Epiphytes, including some bromeliads and orchids, are plants that grow on other plants but are not parasites. Adaptations among these “air plants” include a thickened root epidermis which protects the cortex and retards water loss.
The “flower pot plant” (Dischidia rafflesiana) grows a “pot” that collects water and debris; the plant’s aerial roots grow into the pot, where they can absorb the minerals collected there.
Roots of plants that grow in dry areas are often extensive and modified for rapid transport of water. They contain large amounts of xylem, which allows them to move water rapidly to the shoot after rainfall.
Plants such as witchweed and broomrape use their roots to parasitize other plants. Witchweed is a red-flowered plant that infects grains such as corn and sorghum; it is the second leading cause of cereal famine in Africa. | biology |
http://origin-www.midwestliving.com/garden/ideas/how-to-attract-butterflies-to-your-garden/ | 2023-09-25T12:58:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233508977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925115505-20230925145505-00337.warc.gz | 0.871363 | 683 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__134248837 | en | How to Attract Butterflies to Your Garden
Earn your wings
At the height of summer, Nina and Ron Koziol’s 1-acre garden near Chicago is the O’Hare Airport of butterflies. Majestic monarchs taxi on runways of zinnias, Pentas, milkweed and asters. Super-size swallowtails circle fragrant purple butterfly bush blossoms. Smaller fliers like tortoiseshells, commas, sulphurs, checkerspots and crescents make repeated touch-and-go landings amid beds, borders and containers.
To attract all the air traffic, Nina relies on blue and violet blooms—natural magnets for pollinators like butterflies that feed on flower nectar. Because most perennials bloom for only a month or so, she plants annuals in beds and pots to ensure color all summer. She also grows species-specific plants for female butterflies to lay their eggs on. The leaves provide food for the larvae that hatch and form chrysalides before morphing into butterflies. Nina says, “Part of the joy of creating a butterfly garden is knowing that we’re helping future populations to thrive.”
Click ahead to learn more about Nina's and Ron's tips for growing a butterfly-friendly garden. Pictured: A great spangled fritillary fills up on nectar from tall verbena in Nina and Ron's suburban Chicago garden.
Up-size a bed
Butterflies zero in on large beds. This one includes ‘Northwind’ switchgrass, fountain grass and annual flowers.
Grow big blooms
Many butterflies live only a week or two, so help them make the most of their days. Plants with large, single daisy-type blossoms, such as black-eyed Susans and Mexican sunflowers, let butterflies gather nectar in one spot, which saves them time and energy. Pictured: Cosmos.
Back up perennials with potted annuals like red fountain grass, salvia, ‘Stripe Me Pink’ boat lily and ‘Blackie’ sweet potato vine.
Create a butterfly nursery by growing favorite food plants for young larvae. Dill (pictured), fennel and parsley are good host plants for caterpillars that will become eastern black swallowtails.
Offer free refills
A hummingbird stops by for sugar water. Butterflies need liquid, too, so provide a shallow dish of wet sand where they can get salt and nutrients not found in nectar.
Keep an eye out for butterflies-to-be. Chrysalides hide on outdoor structures, pots and chairs. And be prudent with pesticides. Many products kill all kinds of caterpillars, destructive or not. (Pictured: Monarch on tropical milkweed.)
Butterfly gardens attract the birds and bees, too. 'Fireworks' rough goldenrod and tall grasses surround a bluebird house.
Enjoy the show
Set aside a special spot in your backyard where you can sit and watch the butterflies come and go. This patio seating area gives close-up views of the aerial action. | biology |
https://dickinson.hykucommons.org/concern/etds/cd2930e9-3f19-42d1-aa1f-8f1c237e5529?locale=fr | 2022-10-03T15:10:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337421.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20221003133425-20221003163425-00306.warc.gz | 0.851177 | 692 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__50895990 | en | Cover Crops in a Changing Climate: Can Mixtures Reduce Water Stress? Publique Deposited
Contenu téléchargeableTélécharger le PDF
Climate change models predict more extreme rain events and drought to occur in different areas of the mid-latitude region. Farmers and researchers have been looking for solutions to reduce negative impacts of these precipitation changes. Cover cropping is a promising practice as it minimizes erosion in extreme rain events and conserves water in drought years if used as mulch for the following crop. To adapt to climate change and achieve production goals at the same time, growing multispecies of cover crops is a potential approach as different species provide complementary ecosystem services. Despite a large volume of research on how cover crops support agriculture in a changing climate, understanding is limited of how climate change influences the growth of cover crops. I investigated the early development of two common cover crop species – crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) – in response to water stress, and evaluated if a cover crop mixture is capable of ameliorating water stress. I hypothesized that rye and crimson clover grown in the mixture would have a better performance than those grown in monocultures. To examine the influence of water stress and diversity on plant growth, a one-month experiment was conducted, where the two factors were fully crossed in randomized blocks. To determine plant growth, I recorded survival and growth rate throughout the experiment; at the conclusion of the experiment, I collected total biomass and generated root traits using RhizoVision Explorer program. I found that water stress negatively influenced the growth of cover crops, and the impacts varied among species: crimson clover showed to be susceptible to drought, and rye performed poorly under waterlogging. In the face of these stresses, growing in mixtures showed potential to ameliorate water stress via sampling effect and niche complementarity.
MLA citation style. 2022. https://dickinson.hykucommons.org/concern/etds/cd2930e9-3f19-42d1-aa1f-8f1c237e5529?locale=fr Cover Crops In a Changing Climate: Can Mixtures Reduce Water Stress?.
APA citation style(2022). Cover Crops in a Changing Climate: Can Mixtures Reduce Water Stress?. https://dickinson.hykucommons.org/concern/etds/cd2930e9-3f19-42d1-aa1f-8f1c237e5529?locale=fr
Chicago citation styleCover Crops In a Changing Climate: Can Mixtures Reduce Water Stress?. 2022. https://dickinson.hykucommons.org/concern/etds/cd2930e9-3f19-42d1-aa1f-8f1c237e5529?locale=fr
Note: These citations are programmatically generated and may be incomplete.
|La vignette||Titre||Date d'envoi||Visibilité||Actions| | biology |
https://www.operonbiotech.com/protected-world-hemophilia-day/ | 2023-12-09T18:27:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100942.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209170619-20231209200619-00334.warc.gz | 0.926973 | 1,058 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__44468420 | en | In people with bleeding disorders, the blood clotting process doesn’t work properly. As a result, people with bleeding disorders can bleed for longer than normal, and some may experience spontaneous bleeding into joints, muscles, or other parts of their bodies.
Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that affects approximately 1 in 10,000 people. People with hemophilia do not have enough clotting factor VIII or IX in their blood. As a result, they can bleed for longer than normal.
The most common bleeding disorder is von Willebrand disease (VWD). It is generally less severe than other bleeding disorders. Many people with VWD may not know that they have the disorder because their bleeding symptoms are very mild.
Rare clotting factor deficiencies are disorders in which one of several clotting factors is missing or not working properly. Less is known about these disorders because they are diagnosed so rarely. In fact, many have only been discovered in the last 40 years.
Finally, inherited platelet disorders are conditions in which platelets don’t work the way they should, resulting in a tendency to bleed or bruise.
What is hemophilia?
Hemophilia is a bleeding problem. People with hemophilia do not bleed any faster than normal, but they can bleed for a longer time. Their blood does not have enough clotting factor. Clotting factor is a protein in blood that controls bleeding.
Hemophilia is quite rare. About 1 in 10,000 people are born with it.
Types of hemophilia
The most common type of hemophilia is called hemophilia A. This means the person does not have enough clotting factor VIII (factor eight).
Hemophilia B is less common. A person with hemophilia B does not have enough factor IX (factor nine). The result is the same for people with hemophilia A and B; that is, they bleed for a longer time than normal.
How do you get hemophilia?
People are born with hemophilia. They cannot catch it from someone like a cold.
Hemophilia is usually inherited, meaning that it is passed on through a parent’s genes. Genes carry messages about the way the body’s cells will develop as a baby grows into an adult. They determine a person’s hair and eye colour, for example.
Sometimes hemophilia can occur when there is no family history of it. This is called sporadichemophilia. About 30% of people with hemophilia did not get it through their parent’s genes. It was caused by a change in the person’s own genes.
In rare cases, a person can develop hemophilia later in life. The majority of cases involve middle-aged or elderly people, or young women who have recently given birth or are in the later stages of pregnancy. This condition often resolves with appropriate treatment.
Severity of hemophilia
The severity describes how serious a problem is. The level of severity depends on the amount of clotting factor that is missing from a person’s blood.
Percentage of normal factor activity in blood
Number of international units (IU) per millilitre (ml) of whole blood
less than 1%
less than 0.01 IU
Symptoms and diagnosis
The signs of hemophilia A and B are the same:
Bleeding into muscles and joints
Spontaneous bleeding (sudden bleeding inside the body for no clear reason)
Prolonged bleeding after getting a cut, removing a tooth, or having surgery.
Bleeding for a long time after an accident, especially after an injury to the head.
The Q2 Plus Meter from MicroPoint Technologies allows the doctor to perform a simple APTT test with a finger prick.The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)is used as a general screening test for the detection of coagulation abnormalities in the intrinsic pathway. The APTTis sensitive to deficiencies or abnormalities of factors VIII,IX,XI,XII,X and II,prekallikrein,high molecular weight kininogen(HMWK),and fibrinogen. If the patient is suffering from Hemophilia disorder the APTT results are higher than normal thus helping the Health Care Provider with instant information with APTT screening results. The abnormal results however can further be confirmed by performing a Lab investigation specific for any deficiency including Factor VIII or IX.
The q2 Plus is available for Professional Point of Care Testing for screening of Hemophilia (Baseline APTT Test Result) with instant results. The q2 Plus docks with e-Station for easy data uploading and hard copy printouts. The devise is also equipped with inbuilt barcode scanning for Patient ID or Test Barcode info capture.
This product is exclusively marketed by Operon Biotech & Health Care headquarted At Bangalore in India.
For further information or for any queries please contact 819-715-5556,984-508-8171,990-014-9100 | biology |
https://bickfordparkanimalhospital.wordpress.com/2012/11/19/kennel-cough-and-your-dog/ | 2020-05-31T04:17:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347410745.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531023023-20200531053023-00025.warc.gz | 0.95488 | 606 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__114336642 | en | With the onset of colder temperatures, the prevalence and transmission of infection and disease increases. This is not only true for humans (have you gotten your flu shot yet?) but for dogs as well. Kennel cough has gotten its name for being contracted mostly kennels and dog runs, where dogs are kept in high numbers and closed quarters. This is also why if you ever have, or ever will consider boarding your dog in a kennel, most reputable dog boarding companies will make this an absolute requirement (in addition to being up-to-date on all core vaccines such as DHPP and rabies) before taking them on. Just around the corner from us at Bickford Park, kennel cough has been making its way around. In this blog post you’ll learn about the origin of the kennel cough, what to look for if your dog has it, what and where to avoid, and how to best prevent your dog from this infection.
Kennel cough is an upper respiratory infection, that can originate from a variety of sources, such as the canine distemper and canine adenosine virus or more commonly from the Bordetella bacteria. Luckily, if your dog is current on their vaccination schedule (don’t hesitate to call your vet clinic and confirm this!), the DHPP vaccine protects your dog from the viral strain of kennel cough. This is why most kennel coughs originate from the bacteria Bordetella, because DHPP does not protect against this.
So how can your dog contract kennel cough? It is a highly contagious disease that is transmitted through sneezing or coughing, as well as coming into contact with contaminated surfaces. Even after dogs stop showing symptoms of kennel cough (more on that later), the virus/bacteria can still be actively infective to other dogs.
The symptoms you should be on the lookout for in your dog (and other dogs, so as to avoid any contact with them) include a hacking cough, retching, sneezing, snorting, gagging and occasionally vomiting. These symptoms take about two days to appear once contaminated and can persist for up to 20 days. Kennel cough is not to be taken lightly! However rare, kennel cough can progress into a lower respiratory infection and, on occasion, can be fatal.
While vaccination against kennel cough (the DHPP vaccine, which is a core vaccine, and the Bordetella injectable or intranasal vaccine) can reduce the chance of your dog contracting this infection, like the human flu shot, it is not a foolproof plan; dogs can still contract strains of kennel cough different from the one they have been vaccinated against. The most critical component of maintaining animal health in veterinary medicine is practicing preventative medicine and husbandry; this includes taking all precautions and erring on the side of caution. Ask your vet if the Bordetella vaccination is right for your dog! | biology |
http://chip-led.com/the-best-grow-light/ | 2024-03-02T17:46:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475833.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302152131-20240302182131-00323.warc.gz | 0.930923 | 1,120 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__47233570 | en | In 2016, Koray proposed five major elements of plant lights, and in 2019, the element of intelligent control was added. The following article is for reference.
not a single one can be omitted
What is a good grow light? There are six elements you need to know.
It has a definite good effect on plants.
- High-efficiency and energy-saving
High-efficiency PPE and higher photosynthetic light quantum density PPFD at the same power
- Safe and reliable
In line with the safety requirements of various countries in the world
- Long life
Using long-life components, can withstand scrutiny and truly achieve long life
- Friendly to the human body
Sometimes it is necessary to work in a plant growth environment, so human perception is also very important. No harm to the human body, no stroboscopic eye protection
- Intelligent control
Intelligent control of illumination and spectrum
The most important include two points, a good spectrum, suitable or higher, and uniform lighting PPFD:
Spectrum: Light recipes for plants, each grow light manufacturer, claims its spectrum is the most effective. The difference in planting effect between a good spectrum and a not-so-good spectrum (at least 660nm of extreme red light) is less than 10%. There is no most effective spectrum, the spectrum is good or bad, depending on what you need.
If you grow vegetables with a good taste, then you can add some UV purple light. If you need a shift in the flowering cycle, you may need to add some far-red FR730. A good spectrum should be adjustable, which should contain multiple adjustable channels, UV channel, blue and white light channel, red light channel, and far-red light channel. In this way, we can adjust the spectrum reasonably according to the variety of plants and different stages of plant cultivation. Of course, adjusting the spectrum is a little bit difficult.
Only the spectrum that can be adjusted can be an effective spectrum
PPFD: In fact, PPFD is the most important data in the plant lamp. It is more important than the spectrum. Only the right PPFD can have a good harvest. Generally, indoor planting is related to light, that is, insufficient light, which can be insufficient power. With higher PPFD, the light can be reduced by dimming, while low-light products can no longer increase the illumination.
Generally speaking, the average PPFD of leafy vegetables needs 250umol/m2/s, and the tomato seedling stage needs 150umol/m2/s. The vegetative growth period requires 400-600umol/m2/s, and the flowering and blooming harvest periods require 600-1200umol/m2/s light. We can add additional carbon dioxide during the growing period and flowering period of tomatoes. The growth stages of cucumbers and peppers are basically the same as those of tomatoes. Adding carbon dioxide can also increase production.
Lighting uniformity: It can also be said that the higher the uniformity of PPFD, the better. The uniformity is related to the hanging height. The higher the hanging height, the more uniform the light will be. But the light loss will also increase with it.
2. High efficiency and energy saving
The effect of LED plant lights should reach 2.7umol/J, but almost all plant lights claim to be above 2.7umol/J, which requires us to analyze and identify them well. Generally, the plant lights of big brands will be more reliable. If it is not a brand, we need to know the brand of the LED lamp beads used (preferably with a specific model) and the number of lamp beads, which can also help identify the credibility of the light effect. Generally speaking, using the same lamp bead model, the more the number of lamp beads, the higher the efficiency.
3. Safe and reliable
Safety should be the priority, and lamps and lanterns should meet the safety requirements of various countries in the world. In addition to meeting safety requirements, it also needs to be reliable. Guaranteeing long-term work requires the strong reliability of plant lights. Lamps also heat up, and temperature rise is also an important indicator. If the temperature is too high, it will seriously affect the life of the plant lamp. Heat dissipation capacity is also an important indicator of plant lights.
4. Long life
As mentioned above, a low-temperature rise is a way to ensure long life. Use great quality components, especially the power supply, which is relatively easy to damage. You can try to use LED grow lights with brand power supplies. The lamp beads can also use international brands, such as products using Osram, Cree, Samsung, and other brand lamp beads.
5. Luminous and comfortable
It has nothing to do with plants, but the planting environment may also be the environment for our temporary works. Here, light that is friendly to the human body is also needed. Under this kind of light, we can also see the growth of plants clearly and detect diseases and insect pests in time. As for plant growing areas with UV lamps, we need to turn off the UV lamps before entering the plant growing area.
6. Intelligent control
Intelligent control of lighting and spectrum. According to the different growth stages of different plants and different planting requirements to control the lighting time, light gradient conversion, spectral gradient conversion, etc. | biology |
https://ecfnh.org/event/2022-fall-forum/ | 2022-08-08T06:39:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00077.warc.gz | 0.935326 | 378 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__49207452 | en | 2022 Fall Forum
October 14 @ 7:00 PM – 8:30 PM
“THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE BIRDS”
Dr. Pamela Hunt – Senior Biologist for Avian Conservation
Which birds are doing well, which are not..and how we can help
7:00 p.m. – 8:30 p.m.
(doors open at 6:30)
Grantham Town Hall
300 Rt. 10S, Grantham NH 03753
(this hybrid event will also be available online. Please check back in mid-September to register for the online option.)
Pam Hunt has been interested in birds since the tender age of 12, when an uncle took her to Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge in NJ. She went on to earn a B.S. in biology from Cornell University, M.A. in zoology from the University of Montana, and a Ph.D. from Dartmouth College in 1995. Pam came to NH Audubon in 2000 after five years as adjunct faculty at Colby-Sawyer College in New London. In her current position as Avian Conservation Biologist, she works closely with NH Fish and Game to coordinate and prioritize bird research and monitoring in the state, and also authored NH’s “State of the Birds” report. Specific areas of interest include habitat use by early successional birds (particularly whip-poor-wills), conservation of aerial insectivores (e.g., swifts and swallows), and the effects of events outside the breeding season on long-distance migrants. Pam also coordinated the “NH Dragonfly Survey,” a five-year project that mapped distributions of these insects throughout the state, and remains active in the dragonfly field. | biology |
https://imperfectgravey56.jimdo.com/2015/03/20/achilles-tendon/ | 2017-11-21T13:48:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806388.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121132158-20171121152158-00764.warc.gz | 0.945797 | 1,093 | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__123671975 | en | Achilles tendon rupture is an injury that affects the back of your lower leg. It most commonly occurs in people playing recreational sports. The Achilles tendon is a strong fibrous cord that connects the muscles in the back of your calf to your heel bone. If you overstretch your Achilles tendon, it can tear (rupture). The tendon can rupture completely or just partially. If you have an Achilles tendon rupture, you might feel a pop or snap, followed by an immediate sharp pain in the back of your ankle and lower leg that usually affects your ability to walk properly. Surgery is often the best treatment option to repair an Achilles tendon rupture. For many people, however, nonsurgical treatment works just as well.
Causes of and contributors to Achilles tendon rupture include trauma (caused by injury, usually an acceleration injury such as pushing off or jumping up). Preceding tendon problems. Chronic Achilles tendonitis (can lead to small tears within the tendon, increasingly weakening it). Certain drug therapies/treatments. Drugs that have been linked to Achilles tendon rupture include. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics - after nearly 900 reports of tendon ruptures, tendonitis and other tendon disorders (most associated with the Achilles tendon) linked to Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) alone were collected in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)s database, at least one public-interest group petitioned the FDA to recommend that a "Black Box Warning" be added to Cipro's packaging. Some researchers speculate this class of antibiotics is toxic to tendon fibers, and that in some cases may reduce their blood supply. Patients should at least be more aware of the potential for ruptures so that they can be switched to other antibiotics at the onset of early warning signals such as tendon pain.
Typically patients present with sudden onset of pain and swelling in the achilles region, often accompanied by a audible snap during forceful dorsiflexion of the foot. A classic example is that of an unfit 'weekend warrior' playing squash. If complete a defect may be felt and the patient will have only minimal plantar flexion against resistance.
A physician usually can make this diagnosis with a good physical examination and history. X-rays usually are not taken. A simple test of squeezing the calf muscles while lying on your stomach should indicate if the tendon is still connected (the foot should point). This test isolates the connection between the calf muscle and tendon and eliminates other tendons that may still allow weak movement. A word of caution, Achilles tendon rupture is often misdiagnosed as a strain or minor tendon injury. Swelling and the continuing ability to weakly point your toes can confuse the diagnosis. Ultrasound and MRI are tests that can assist in difficult diagnosis. Depending on the degree of injury, these tests can also assist in determining which treatment may be best.
Non Surgical Treatment
Achilles tendon ruptures can be treated non-operatively or operatively. Both of these treatment approaches have advantages and disadvantages. In general, younger patients with no medical problems may tend to do better with operative treatment, whereas patients with significant medical problems or older age may be best served with non-operative treatment. However, the decision of how the Achilles tendon rupture is treated should be based on each individual patient after the advantages and disadvantages of both treatment options are reviewed. It is important to realize that while Achilles tendon ruptures can be treated either non-operatively or operatively, they must be treated. A neglected Achilles tendon rupture (i.e. one where the tendon ends are not kept opposed) will lead to marked problems of the leg in walking, which may eventually lead to other limb and joint problems. Furthermore, late reconstruction of non-treated Achilles tendon rupture is significantly more complex than timely treatment.
Operative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures involves opening the skin and identifying the torn tendon. This is then sutured together to create a stable construct. This can be performed through a standard Achilles tendon repair technique or through a mini-incision technique (to read about the different types of techniques, look under Procedure in Achilles Tendon Repair). By suturing the torn tendon ends together, they maintain continuity and can be mobilized more quickly. However, it is critical to understand that the return to normal activities must wait until adequate healing of the tendon has occurred. The potential advantages of an open repair of the Achilles tendon include, faster recovery, this means that patients will lose less strength. Early Range of Motion. They are able to move the ankle earlier so it is easier to regain motion. Lower Re-rupture Rate. The re-rupture rate may be significantly lower in operatively treated patients (2-5%) compared to patients treated non-operatively (8-15%). The main disadvantage of an open repair of the Achilles tendon rupture is the potential for a wound-healing problem which could lead to a deep infection that is difficult to eradicate, or a painful scar.
To help reduce your chance of getting Achilles tendon rupture, take the following steps. Do warm-up exercises before an activity and cool down exercises after an activity. Wear proper footwear. Maintain a healthy weight. Rest if you feel pain during an activity. Change your routine. Switch between high-impact activities and low-impact activities. Strengthen your calf muscle with exercises. | biology |
https://sepik.in/product/osvas-gold-capsules/ | 2024-03-01T14:23:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475311.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301125520-20240301155520-00137.warc.gz | 0.933228 | 260 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__150897880 | en | Rosuvastatin Aspirin Clopidogrel capsules are a combination medication used to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke in people who have a history of heart disease or who are at risk for developing heart disease.
Rosuvastatin is a medication from the class of statins, which works by lowering cholesterol levels in the blood. Aspirin and clopidogrel are both antiplatelet medications, which work by preventing blood clots from forming.
The combination of these medications helps to prevent blood clots and reduce inflammation, which can help reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
The dosage and frequency of this medication will depend on the individual’s age, weight, and medical history. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare professional when taking this medication, and to report any side effects or adverse reactions.
Common side effects of this medication may include stomach upset, headache, and dizziness. More serious side effects may include bleeding or bruising, and it is important to seek medical attention if these occur.
As with all medications, it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting this medication, as it can interact with certain medications, including blood thinners, and increase the risk of bleeding. | biology |
http://www.keizernursery.com/Online.php?Page=ProductDetails&Details=1149 | 2018-12-11T00:08:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823516.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20181210233803-20181211015303-00527.warc.gz | 0.86122 | 182 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__76769937 | en | | Product Details – Everything you need to know about our products |
|Creeping Wire Vine|
Creeping Wire Vine (Muehlenbeckia axillaris)
A low creeping evergreen groundcover, this forms a spreading mat of wiry stems, clothed in tiny rounded leaves with a glossy green finish. Fall and winter colour is an attractive bronze green. Insignificant green flowers become black-seeded white berries in late summer. Great for large areas and stabilizing slopes. Vigorous habit. Space at 4 to 6 plants per square yard. Plants may be mown once a year in the spring to encourage thicker growth. Good in combination with spring flowering bulbs. Tolerates fairly high foot traffic and dry conditions, once established. Zone 6-9.
You can find this item under Perennials and Ground Cover.
Subject to availability. Prices may vary. | biology |
https://www.stjames.ie/consultants/orfalinina/ | 2022-08-11T11:12:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00622.warc.gz | 0.931775 | 327 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__202740607 | en | Dr Nina Orfali joined the team at St James’s Hospital as a consultant haematologist in 2020.
Dr Orfali is a medical graduate of NUI Galway. After completing her internal medicine training between Galway University Hospital and the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, she branched into laboratory research, spending three years in laboratories at the Cork Cancer Research Centre and Weill Cornell University in New York. Dr Orfali was awarded a PhD from UCC for her work on the role of autophagy in leukaemic cell differentiation.
Dr Orfali trained as a haematology specialist here in Ireland and then returned to Cornell University in New York to undertake further specialist training in stem cell transplantation for two years. She returned to Dublin in 2020 to take up her position on the Adult Bone Marrow Transplant team.
MB BCh BAO MRCPI FRCPath PhD
Malignant myeloid disease including; acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative disorders. Stem cell transplantation and long-term survivorship post-transplant.
Dr Orfali’s research focuses on finding strategies to reduce relapse and strengthen the immune system after donor stem cell transplantation. She is also interested in the significance and prognostic impact of gene mutations in myeloid disease. She has published in these areas and maintains working collaborations with researchers at Cornell University in New York.
St James's Hospital | biology |
https://www.trooperpharma.com/actflume/ | 2020-09-26T21:31:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400245109.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20200926200523-20200926230523-00531.warc.gz | 0.87158 | 504 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__208383425 | en | Each 100 gm contains: Flumequine 10 gm.
Flumequine is an anti-infective for the synthesis of quinolone, Which has a broader spectrum of activity than the parent compounds and are well distributed to tissues. They are bactericidal by inhibiting microbial DNA gyrase and are active against a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella sp. ,and also against some Gram-positive micro-organisms and Mycoplasma spp. They are not active against obligate anaerobes. Flumequine is not particularly effective against streptococcal and enterococcal infections. For this reason, they tend to spare the normal gut flora of animals under treatment.
There is concern about the increasing resistance of certain bacteria to flumequine. These include some zoonotic organisms such as Salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. And E. coll. The resistance is often due to chromosomal mutations either in the Gyr A gene or in proteins in the bacterial cell membrane, which allow the drug to enter the bacterial cell. Resistance within a population of bacteria becomes evident whenever antibacterial drugs are heavily used due to selection pressure.
It is used for treatment of:
-Digestive intentions caused by Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.
-Respiratory infections caused by Pasteurella multocida and haemolytica Manheimia.
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION
Route of administration:
Orally via drinking water
For whole product:
3 gm Actflume / 50 kg b. wt in drinking water . morning and evening for 5 days.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
-The use of quinolones should be based on susceptibility testing whenever possible and take into accent official and local policies on antibiotic use
-Do not use in case of hypersensitivity to quinolones.
– Do not combine with trimethoprim or sulfonamides.
Meat and offal: 2 days.
Store at temperature not exceeding 30c, in dry place.
Use after opening for 28 days when storage at temperature not exceeding 30c in dry place and use immediately after reconstitution
D B K for pharmaceutical industries (D B K pharma) for Lavie pharma.
Sale agent: Trooper pharma | biology |
https://breatheapp.co/exploring-the-impact-of-high-thca-hemp-flowers-on-stress-and-anxiety/ | 2024-04-21T18:09:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817790.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421163736-20240421193736-00053.warc.gz | 0.930323 | 699 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__186379719 | en | In the realm of natural remedies for stress and anxiety, a budding contender has emerged: high THCA hemp flower. As the world searches for alternative solutions to combat the daily stresses of modern life, the science behind these flowers offers promising insights into their potential to promote serenity and well-being.
Understanding THCA: The Precursor to THC
THCA, or tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, is a naturally occurring compound found in raw cannabis plants. Unlike THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), THCA is non-psychoactive, meaning it does not produce the intoxicating effects commonly associated with marijuana consumption. Instead, THCA must undergo a process called decarboxylation, typically through heat or aging, to convert into THC. This conversion occurs when cannabis is smoked, vaporized, or cooked, activating the compound’s psychoactive properties. Understanding the role of THCA as the precursor to THC is essential for exploring its therapeutic potential and effects on the body.
The Entourage Effect: Amplifying Serenity
The entourage effect refers to the synergistic interaction between different compounds found in cannabis, including cannabinoids like THC and CBD, as well as terpenes and other phytochemicals. Research suggests that these compounds work together to enhance the therapeutic effects of cannabis, amplifying its potential benefits for various conditions such as pain relief, inflammation reduction, and anxiety management. By harnessing the entourage effect, individuals can experience a more comprehensive and holistic approach to wellness through the use of THCA-rich cannabis products.
Balancing the Endocannabinoid System
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including mood, memory, appetite, and pain sensation. Cannabinoids like THCA interact with the ECS by binding to cannabinoid receptors located throughout the body, influencing the release of neurotransmitters and signaling molecules. By modulating the activity of the ECS, THCA may help restore balance and promote homeostasis within the body, potentially offering therapeutic relief for a wide range of conditions.
Nature’s Pharmacy: Harnessing the Power of Terpenes
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis, that contribute to their distinctive flavors and aromas. In addition to their sensory qualities, terpenes also possess unique therapeutic properties that complement the effects of cannabinoids like THCA. For example, limonene may have anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects, while myrcene may promote relaxation and sedation. By incorporating terpenes into THCA-rich cannabis products, individuals can benefit from the synergistic interplay between these natural compounds, enhancing the overall therapeutic experience.
Finding Peace: Practical Applications and Considerations
As interest in THCA-rich cannabis products continues to grow, it’s essential to consider practical applications and potential considerations when incorporating them into your wellness routine. Whether you’re using THCA for pain management, anxiety relief, or general wellness, it’s important to start with low doses and gradually increase as needed to find the optimal therapeutic effect. Additionally, consulting with a healthcare professional or knowledgeable cannabis provider can help ensure safe and effective use, especially if you’re new to cannabis or have underlying medical conditions. By approaching THCA with mindfulness and intention, individuals can unlock its full potential as a natural remedy for promoting health and well-being. | biology |
https://mimimatelot.blogspot.com/2013/ | 2020-05-29T20:18:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347406365.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200529183529-20200529213529-00377.warc.gz | 0.944684 | 189 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__133030616 | en | Pōhutukawa is a native tree with the nickname of New Zealand Christmas Tree because it flowers like this around Christmas time.
photo © Jenny Mespel
Metrosideros excelsa (pōhutukawa, New Zealand pohutukawa, New Zealand Christmas tree) is a coastal evergreen tree in the myrtle family that produces a brilliant display of red flowers made up of a mass of stamens. The pōhutukawa is one of 12 Metrosideros species endemic to New Zealand. Renowned for its vibrant colour and its ability to survive even perched on rocky, precarious cliffs, it has found an important place in New Zealand culture for its strength and beauty and is regarded as a chiefly tree (rākau rangatira) by Māori. The blossom of the tree is called kahika.
Have a great day: merry Christmas! | biology |
https://www.familypestcontrol.com/pest-library/skunks/ | 2021-12-03T03:42:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964362589.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20211203030522-20211203060522-00363.warc.gz | 0.969705 | 754 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__41447057 | en | What Do Skunks Look Like?
Skunks are large rodents, most closely related to badgers. As adults, they usually grow to be about the same size as the average house cat but can be differentiated by their distinctive color patterns. Skunks are usually covered in black fur, with two white stripes leading from the top of their heads to the end of their long, bushy tails. Their fur is usually shorter along the body and grows longer as it reaches their tail.
Are Skunks Dangerous?
Bites from skunks are relatively uncommon, as their first line of defense is to spray. Being sprayed by a skunk can be intensely irritating, as the stench is strong and difficult to remove. Their spray contains sulfur compounds, that if inhaled or comes in contact with the eye, can cause discomfort. Skunks are known to exhibit aggressive defensive behavior as a last resort when grabbed. It is not advised to try and move live skunks on your own. It is best to contact a wildlife professional for the job.
Skunks can carry the rabies virus, making them a serious health concern. Rabies is only transmitted through saliva or bite wounds. You can tell if skunks are rabid by their behavior, which will be erratic. Skunks are usually night scavengers, but if you see them during the day wandering or stumbling in plain sight, precautions should be taken to avoid the animals. They are commonly more aggressive and vocal when they are infected with the rabies virus. This is a situation that needs to be reported and dealt with by professionals. Do not attempt to intercept or trap animals that you suspect may have rabies. Keep all pets such as cats and dogs contained away from the suspected pests until professional help arrives.
How Do I Tell If Skunks Are the Problem?
There are a few different ways you can tell if skunks have recently visited your property:
- Smell. Skunks have a distinct and potent odor that is sprayed as defensive measure against predators, and to mark territory. It is commonly referred to as a rotten-egg-like smell that can linger for days.
- Recently dug-up dirt piles. Favorite food items for skunks are grubs and beetles. Skunks find them by digging into the ground. They are also known to dig up and eat small plants and to chew leaves, as well as raid berry bushes. If you begin to see a small grouping of three to four-inch holes appearing across your lawn, you may suspect that you have skunks visiting your property at night.
- Burrows. Look for burrows dug near food sources or under foundations of buildings.
How Do I Get Rid of My Skunk Problem?
As skunks are large rodents, capable of defensive behavior such as spraying, it is recommended that homeowners do not attempt to remove these animals on their own. Our licensed professionals are available for emergency calls for this purpose. At Family, we practice eco-friendly and humane methods of wildlife control and removal.
Family Pest’s Skunk Prevention Tips
Here are some tips for preventing skunks on your property:
- Make sure that all garbage is securely locked inside a bin. Skunks are scavengers that relish finding easy food sources. For this reason, pet food should be brought inside at night in order to not attract skunks and other foraging pests to your home.
- The use of a motion sensor light may help deter these creatures, as they prefer to forage unseen in the low light of the night.
For more prevention tips, please reach out to us at Family for a personalized consultation to discuss the best measures that can be taken to protect your property. | biology |
https://turistachef.com/12-week-testosterone-and-winstrol-cycle/ | 2024-04-23T06:59:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818468.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423064231-20240423094231-00571.warc.gz | 0.9299 | 3,467 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__188668167 | en | Winstrol and Testosterone are two of the most widely used compounds in the evolving field of bodybuilding and fitness, and we can tell you why. These substances, when used strategically in a carefully planned cycle, can help individuals achieve remarkable and massive gains in muscle mass, strength, and overall physical and bodybuilding performance. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of a 12-week Testosterone and Winstrol cycle, exploring the benefits, risks, and considerations that should be taken into account for those looking to take their fitness to the next level.
The combination of Testosterone and Winstrol is a prime choice among athletes and bodybuilders due to their synergistic effects. While Testosterone provides the foundation for muscle growth, Winstrol enhances the process by promoting lean muscle development and reducing water retention. However, it is essential to note that using these compounds together requires a thorough understanding of their mechanisms, dosages, and potential side effects. In the following sections, we will provide valuable insights into crafting an effective and safe 12-week cycle, helping you make informed decisions on your path to achieving your fitness goals.
12 Week Testosterone and Winstrol Cycle: Why This Stack is Popular Among Bodybuilders
The popularity of the 12-week Testosterone and Winstrol cycle can be attributed to the unique benefits that each compound brings to the table. Testosterone, a naturally occurring hormone in the body, plays a fundamental role in muscle growth and overall well-being. When supplemented exogenously in a cycle, it can significantly increase protein synthesis, leading to muscle hypertrophy and improved strength. Bodybuilders favor Testosterone as it forms the backbone of many cycles, providing the necessary foundation for achieving their desired physique.
On the other hand, Winstrol, also known as Stanozolol, is an anabolic steroid renowned for its ability to enhance performance by promoting lean muscle mass while simultaneously reducing body fat. Winstrol’s unique property lies in its ability to increase nitrogen retention in the muscles, a crucial factor in muscle protein synthesis. This results in not only increased muscle density but also improved vascularity and a more defined physique. For bodybuilders seeking that chiseled and aesthetic appearance, Winstrol is often considered a must-have in their arsenal.
Another reason behind the popularity of this stack is the complementary nature of Testosterone and Winstrol. Testosterone, being the primary male sex hormone, ensures that users maintain healthy sexual function and overall vitality during the cycle, which can be negatively impacted by the use of certain steroids alone. Winstrol, on the other hand, helps mitigate some of the water retention that can occur with Testosterone, allowing bodybuilders to achieve a more dry and defined look. This synergy between the two compounds makes them a formidable combination for those looking to achieve exceptional results in terms of muscle gain and aesthetics.
However, it’s essential to recognize that while the 12-week Testosterone and Winstrol cycle offers numerous benefits, it also carries potential risks and side effects. These risks include hormone imbalances, liver strain, cardiovascular issues, and the risk of dependency or abuse. To maximize the benefits while minimizing these risks, it is imperative to follow a well-structured and disciplined approach, including appropriate dosages, regular monitoring, and post-cycle therapy (PCT) to help restore natural hormone levels after the cycle ends.
Winstrol and Testosterone Cycle: Things to Remember Before Stacking Them
Before starting your own 12-week Testosterone and Winstrol cycle, there are essential considerations that individuals should keep in mind. Understanding these factors will help ensure a safer and more effective experience during the cycle.
- Research and Education: Knowledge is your greatest asset when it comes to any performance-enhancing cycle. Thoroughly research the properties, dosages, and potential side effects of both Testosterone and Winstrol.
- Personal Health Assessment: Before starting any cycle, it is imperative to assess your overall health. Underlying medical conditions, especially those affecting the liver, kidney, cardiovascular system, or hormonal balance, can be exacerbated by the use of these compounds.
- Dosage and Timing: Determining the right dosages and timing for Testosterone and Winstrol is crucial. Dosages should be tailored to your experience level, body weight, and goals. Typically, Testosterone is used as a base, with Winstrol added at specific points in the cycle. Never exceed recommended dosages as it can lead to severe health complications.
- Monitoring and Side Effects: Regular monitoring of your progress and health is essential. Keep a close eye on potential side effects, including changes in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, liver function, and hormone balance. If any adverse effects occur, adjustments to the cycle or discontinuation may be necessary.
- Post-Cycle Therapy (PCT): Planning for a proper PCT is as important as the cycle itself. PCT helps restore your body’s natural hormone production, preventing the crash in testosterone levels that can follow the cessation of anabolic steroid use. Have a PCT strategy in place before starting the cycle.
By taking these factors into account, individuals can approach their Testosterone and Winstrol cycle with a more informed and responsible mindset. Remember that these substances should not be taken lightly, and prioritizing safety and health is paramount throughout the entire process.
Testosterone and Winstrol Cycle: What to Expect Once You Start the Cycle
Starting a Testosterone and Winstrol cycle can be an exciting yet challenging endeavor, and understanding what to expect during the process is crucial for a successful outcome. Here are some key aspects to anticipate as you start your cycle:
- Initial Gains: In the first few weeks of the cycle, you may experience rapid gains in strength and muscle mass. Testosterone, as the foundation of the stack, begins to exert its anabolic effects, increasing protein synthesis and nitrogen retention. These initial results can be quite motivating, but it’s essential to remember that much of this early progress may be due to water retention.
- Enhanced Vascularity: Winstrol’s unique ability to reduce water retention can become more evident as the cycle progresses. This leads to a more vascular and defined appearance, with muscle striations becoming more visible. This is often a desired effect for bodybuilders seeking a lean and sculpted look.
- Improved Stamina: Both Testosterone and Winstrol can enhance endurance and stamina, which can be beneficial for more extended and intense workouts. You may find yourself able to push through more reps and sets, leading to further gains in muscle size and strength.
- Potential Side Effects: It’s crucial to remain vigilant for any potential side effects that may arise during the cycle. These can include acne, hair loss, changes in libido, mood swings, and fluctuations in blood pressure and cholesterol levels. If any adverse effects become bothersome or severe, consider adjusting your dosages or seeking medical advice.
- Post-Cycle Changes: Once the 12-week cycle concludes, you’ll need to transition into post-cycle therapy (PCT) to help restore your body’s natural hormone production. During this phase, you might experience a temporary decrease in energy, mood, and overall well-being as your body adjusts to the absence of exogenous hormones.
Understanding what to expect during a Testosterone and Winstrol cycle allows you to prepare mentally and physically for the journey ahead. It’s essential to maintain a balanced perspective, setting realistic goals and expectations. Remember that consistency, proper nutrition, and adequate rest are vital components of achieving and maintaining the gains you make during the cycle.
Testosterone Enanthate and Winstrol Cycle: What this Stack Can Do
When it comes to combining Testosterone Enanthate and Winstrol in a 12-week cycle, bodybuilders and fitness enthusiasts can anticipate a powerful synergy that can yield remarkable results. Testosterone Enanthate, a long-acting ester of Testosterone, forms the backbone of this stack, providing a steady release of the hormone into the body over an extended period. Winstrol, or Stanozolol, complements this base by enhancing the anabolic effects while reducing retained water levels, resulting in a leaner and more defined physique.
One of the primary benefits of this stack is the potential for substantial muscle growth. Testosterone Enanthate, as a potent anabolic hormone, stimulates protein synthesis and nitrogen retention, promoting muscle hypertrophy and increased strength. When combined with Winstrol, which has a reputation for providing a harder and more vascular appearance, the results can be particularly impressive.
Furthermore, users of this combination can expect enhanced endurance and stamina, which can be advantageous during intense training sessions. The reduction in water retention caused by Winstrol contributes to a leaner and more sculpted look, making it a popular choice for individuals seeking to improve their aesthetics.
However, it’s essential to emphasize that this stack, like any anabolic steroid cycle, comes with potential risks and side effects. Users should be vigilant for any signs of adverse effects, including changes in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, liver function, mood swings, and hormonal imbalances. Maintaining a responsible approach to dosages, regular monitoring, and incorporating a well-planned post-cycle therapy (PCT) regimen are essential to maximize the benefits while minimizing the potential drawbacks of this cycle.
Winstrol and Testosterone Propionate Cycle: What this Stack Can Do
The combination of Winstrol (Stanozolol) and Testosterone Propionate in a 12-week cycle offers bodybuilders and athletes a dynamic blend of benefits that cater to specific fitness goals. Testosterone Propionate, known for its rapid action due to its short half-life, pairs well with Winstrol to create a cycle that delivers unique advantages.
One of the key benefits of this stack is the potential for enhanced muscle definition and a harder appearance. Testosterone Propionate, being a fast-acting form of Testosterone, provides a quick boost in anabolic activity, promoting muscle protein synthesis and nitrogen retention. When coupled with Winstrol’s capacity to reduce water retention and improve vascularity, users often experience a more sculpted, chiseled look.
Additionally, this stack can lead to notable increases in strength and endurance. Testosterone’s influence on muscle growth and recovery, coupled with Winstrol’s ability to enhance red blood cell production, results in improved stamina during workouts and an overall boost in performance. This can be particularly advantageous for those looking to push their physical limits in the gym.
Despite these benefits, it’s vital to acknowledge the potential risks associated with this cycle, which include side effects such as acne, hair loss, mood swings, changes in libido, and potential cardiovascular issues. As with any steroid cycle, responsible usage, careful monitoring, and a well-structured post-cycle therapy (PCT) plan are essential to mitigate these risks and optimize the positive outcomes of the Winstrol and Testosterone Propionate stack.
Testosterone Cypionate and Winstrol Cycle: What this Stack Can Do
Combining Testosterone Cypionate with Winstrol in a 12-week cycle creates a potent synergy that can cater to various fitness goals. Testosterone Cypionate, known for its longer-lasting effects due to its extended half-life, and Winstrol, renowned for its ability to enhance muscle definition, offer a compelling combination for those seeking specific outcomes.
One of the primary advantages of this stack is the potential for significant muscle growth and strength gains. Testosterone Cypionate serves as a robust anabolic foundation, stimulating protein synthesis and nitrogen retention, which are essential for muscle hypertrophy and increased power. When paired with Winstrol’s ability to reduce water retention and promote a more chiseled physique, users can expect to see notable improvements in muscle size and definition.
Additionally, endurance and stamina are often enhanced in individuals using this combination. Testosterone’s role in muscle recovery, coupled with Winstrol’s ability to improve red blood cell production, leads to increased stamina during workouts and improved overall physical performance. This can be particularly beneficial for athletes and bodybuilders aiming to excel in their training sessions.
However, it’s crucial to be aware of potential side effects associated with this cycle, including acne, hair loss, mood swings, changes in libido, cardiovascular issues, and hormonal imbalances. As with any steroid cycle, responsible dosing, vigilant monitoring, and a well-structured post-cycle therapy (PCT) plan are essential to minimize these risks and maximize the positive outcomes of the Testosterone Cypionate and Winstrol stack.
Winstrol and Testosterone Cycle for Women: Is It A Good Choice for Female Bodybuilders?
The use of a Winstrol and Testosterone cycle among female bodybuilders is a topic that requires careful consideration and caution. While these compounds can offer benefits, they are typically not recommended for women due to the potential for virilization, which includes the development of masculine traits.
Testosterone, even in small amounts, is a male sex hormone that can lead to unwanted side effects in women. When used in a cycle, it can cause voice deepening, facial hair growth, clitoral enlargement, and disruptions in menstrual cycles. These effects, known as virilization, are irreversible, and they can have a profound impact on a woman’s physical appearance and overall well-being.
Winstrol, although milder in terms of androgenic effects compared to some other steroids, still carries a risk of virilization when used by women. While some female athletes have used Winstrol successfully in very low doses for short durations, it remains a risky choice.
For female bodybuilders or athletes seeking performance enhancement, alternative options with lower androgenic properties and a reduced risk of virilization should be explored. In general, female bodybuilders are encouraged to steer clear of Testosterone and Winstrol cycles to avoid the potential and irreversible side effects of virilization.
Other Steroids to Stack with Winstrol and Testosterone for More Results
While the combination of Winstrol and Testosterone can yield significant results for many individuals, some may opt to explore additional steroid compounds to further enhance their performance and physique. The choice of additional steroids to stack with Winstrol and Testosterone depends on specific goals, experience level, and tolerance to potential side effects.
For those seeking increased muscle mass and strength, the inclusion of compounds like Deca-Durabolin (Nandrolone Decanoate) or Anavar (Oxandrolone) can be considered. Deca-Durabolin is known for its excellent muscle-building properties and joint support, while Anavar is a milder steroid with less potential for water retention and androgenic side effects.
Athletes aiming for leaner and more defined physiques may explore combinations with Masteron (Drostanolone) or Trenbolone. Masteron is valued for its hardening and drying effects on the body, while Trenbolone is renowned for its remarkable fat-burning and muscle-preserving abilities.
However, it’s crucial to emphasize that adding more compounds to a cycle also increases the complexity and potential for side effects. Users must be well-informed about the properties and risks associated with each steroid, adjust dosages carefully, and consider additional measures such as liver support and cardiovascular health monitoring.
Furthermore, post-cycle therapy (PCT) remains crucial when stacking multiple steroids to help restore natural hormone production and mitigate the risk of hormonal imbalances.
In bodybuilding and fitness, the strategic use of steroids like Winstrol and Testosterone has become a common practice to achieve remarkable gains in muscle mass, strength, and aesthetics. These cycles can offer substantial benefits, but they also come with significant potential risks and side effects. It is crucial for individuals considering such cycles to approach them with caution, responsibility, and a deep understanding of the compounds involved.
While the synergy between Testosterone and Winstrol can lead to impressive results, the choice to embark on such a cycle should not be taken lightly. A comprehensive assessment of one’s health, careful dosing, vigilant monitoring of side effects, and a well-structured post-cycle therapy (PCT) plan are essential components for minimizing risks and maximizing the positive outcomes. Additionally, the consideration of alternative steroids and combinations should be done with prudence and under the guidance of experienced individuals who can provide informed advice tailored to individual goals and health profiles. Ultimately, the pursuit of fitness and performance enhancement should prioritize safety, health, and long-term well-being above all else. | biology |
http://morquio.ca/?paged=1&portfolioID=4940&termID | 2021-12-08T15:28:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363515.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208144647-20211208174647-00322.warc.gz | 0.91788 | 848 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__86082198 | en | Three children all suffer from genetic enzyme deficiency that could lead to early death CBC News Posted: Sep 15, 2015 5:30 AM CT Last Updated: Sep 15, 2015 6:43 AM CT A family in Saskatoon is waiting and hoping for the solution to a triple heartbreak. Three of the five children suffer from a crippling genetic disease that could kill
Genetic Condition Caused By Enzyme Deficiency
Missing or deficient enzyme (GALNS) causes cellular waste from the cells to store in the bones, tissues, organs, and muscles. This disease is characterized as a lysosomal storage disorder.
Lysosomal Storage Leads To Progressive Symptoms
Virtually all bones, muscles, organs, and tissues in the body are affected by GALNS deficiency, leading to progressive, multi-systemic and debilitating symptoms.
First Ever Treatment Now Available
The FDA, the European Commission, and Health Canada have all approved the first ever treatment for Morquio A Syndrome. Developed by Biomarin Pharmaceuticals, this enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) delivers a synthetic version of the GALNS enzyme into the bloodstream.
Heart and Airway Disease
People suffering from Morquio A Syndrome can develop respiratory failure, severe sleep apnea, and upper airway collapse. Affected individuals may also develop numerous and recurrent respiratory infections and a thickening of the heart valves.
People with Morquio A Syndrome may have a wide range of skeletal symptoms. These can include shortened stature, spinal cord compression, bone deformities, chest protrusion, kyphosis, and scoliosis.
Usually common in the second decade of life, hearing loss can be progressive and severe.
Eye and Vision Issues
Some people with Morquio A Syndrome may develop severe corneal clouding and a debilitating decease in vision.
Frequent Hospital Visits
People with Morquio A Syndrome have frequent hospital stays for surgical procedures and to manage the symptoms of the disease.
Patients battling Morquio A Syndrome often visit numerous specialists to help manage their disease. These can include, but aren’t limited to, MPS Genetics Specialists, Neurologists, Ophthalmologists, Orthopaedic Specialists, Cardiologists, ENTs, Pulmonologists, and Rheumatologists.
In almost all cases of Morquio A Syndrome, patients need multiple surgical procedures. These may include skeletal corrections, corneal transplants, heart valve replacements, spinal cord decompression, and other procedures.
Studies have shown that endurance of affected individuals is impacted greatly due to the progression of the disease. Endurance has an impact on all facets of life. Recent clinical trials have shown a significant increase in endurance for all patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy.
New Hope for Morquio A Patients and Their Families
In 2014, the first ever treatment for Morquio A Syndrome was approved in the US, European Union, and Canada. Vimizim, created by Biomarin Pharmaceuticals, is a synthetic version of the GALNS enzyme that patients are lacking in their blood. This enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was fast-tracked through the approval process in both the US and Canada because of the tremendous unmet need the treatment provided patients.
Clinical trial results were very promising, with patients seeing a sizeable increase in endurance, an excellent indicator for how well the treatment works. Endurance measures how well a patient’s body is performing. From heart to bones to pulmonary function, increased endurance indicates that those systems are working better.Jump To Biomarin’s Vimizim Information Page
Children Diagnosed With Ultra-Rare Condition; Treatment Already Being Funded In Ontario and Quebec (Sept. 14, 2015) The Saskatchewan Ministry of Health is currently considering an application for exceptional funding of a life-sustaining treatment required by three siblings from Saskatoon. 8 year-old Sara Amir, along with her siblings Khadija, 10 and Muhammad, 12 have been diagnosed with Morquio Syndrome, and all | biology |
http://www.mortongroveil.org/mosquitos-test-positive-for-west-nile-virus-in-morton-grove/ | 2018-04-27T00:54:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125948738.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20180427002118-20180427022118-00317.warc.gz | 0.939835 | 345 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__98507085 | en | The Village has been informed by the North Shore Mosquito Abatement District (NSMAD) that West Nile Virus positive mosquitoes have been found in traps set out in Morton Grove.
A batch of mosquitoes, collected on June 2, 2017, from a NSMAD trap in Morton Grove, tested positive for West Nile Virus (WNV) in their lab on June 6.
WNV positive batches of mosquitoes have also been found in NSMAD traps located in Evanston and Skokie.
While the risk of being infected with WNV is low at this time of year, the NSMAD recommends that residents take personal protection measures to minimize mosquito bites including: using insect repellent, wearing loose fitting clothing and avoiding peak mosquito feeding times during the hours around dawn and dusk. Residents are urged to examine their property and eliminate any items that can hold water, particularly smaller items that may be easily overlooked.
For additional information regarding what to look for around your home to discourage mosquitos, visit http://www.nsmad.com/fight-the-bite/around-your-home-2/. Information regarding mosquito repellents can be found at http://www.nsmad.com/fight-the-bite/repellent/. Remember, if it can hold water, it can breed mosquitoes.
Residents should follow the advice at this address if they find a dead bird: http://www.mortongroveil.org/how-to-handle-a-dead-bird/.
If residents would rather call the North Shore Mosquito Abatement District with their questions, they can be reached at 847 446-9434. | biology |
http://fieldguidetofishes.com/ | 2013-05-23T08:28:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703035278/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111715-00076-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.909868 | 170 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__116830990 | en | Written by Fish Lovers for Fish Lovers…
We are proud to announce the publication of
A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes from Maine to Texas
by Val Kells and Kent Carpenter.
Comprehensive and compact, this 448-page guide includes 1,079 full color illustrations and descriptions of over 1,006 marine and brackish water species.
This is the first field guide of its kind to be entirely illustrated in full color. Illustrations are large, and meticulously researched. Descriptions are concise, accurate and provide information about features, habitat and biology. It is accurate and up-to-date, using the most recently accepted taxonomy and nomenclature.
Scientists, fishermen, students, naturalists, divers, and fish enthusiasts alike will find this book essential, informative, and very easy to use. | biology |
http://www.emilyplatzer.com/2014/03/31/hamming-time.html | 2020-02-21T19:17:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145534.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221172509-20200221202509-00143.warc.gz | 0.864902 | 861 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__123171046 | en | So in my previous post I mentioned Exercism. This website consists of a series of coding challenges in several different coding languages. My chosen track is Ruby, of course. Again, the list of exercises in this track is at GitHub.
I have worked through several of the exercises thus far. One whose very premise made me happy was the Hamming exercise… put in two lengths of DNA and calculate their Hamming distance. In one of my previous incarnations, I worked in a lab tossing plasmids into sweet innocent bacterial strains… slave labour to manufacture proteins. Anyway, I knew exactly what this exercise was trying to measure.
Following is the README, or basic instructions of the exercise:
Write a program that can calculate the Hamming difference between two DNA strands.
A mutation is simply a mistake that occurs during the creation or copying of a nucleic acid, in particular DNA. Because nucleic acids are vital to cellular functions, mutations tend to cause a ripple effect throughout the cell. Although mutations are technically mistakes, a very rare mutation may equip the cell with a beneficial attribute. In fact, the macro effects of evolution are attributable by the accumulated result of beneficial microscopic mutations over many generations.
The simplest and most common type of nucleic acid mutation is a point mutation, which replaces one base with another at a single nucleotide.
By counting the number of differences between two homologous DNA strands taken from different genomes with a common ancestor, we get a measure of the minimum number of point mutations that could have occurred on the evolutionary path between the two strands.
This is called the ‘Hamming distance’
My first iteration of this exercise is as follows:
class Hamming def self.compute(dna_strand_1, dna_strand_2) dna_strand_1_array = dna_strand_1.split(//) dna_strand_2_array = dna_strand_2.split(//) length_shortest_strand = dna_strand_1.length length_shortest_strand = dna_strand_2.length if dna_strand_2.length < dna_strand_1.length i=0 hamming_distance = 0 while i < length_shortest_strand if dna_strand_1_array[i] != dna_strand_2_array[i] hamming_distance = hamming_distance+1 end i+=1 end hamming_distance end end
In my second iteration, I realized that there is no need to split the DNA strand into an array due to the each_char method. In addition, iterating to the end of strand 1 and ensuring that we were comparing to an existing base pair in strand 2, the length_shortest_strand variable could be eliminated.
class Hamming def self.compute(dna_strand_1, dna_strand_2) i = 0 hamming_distance = 0 dna_strand_1.each_char do |x| hamming_distance += 1 if dna_strand_2.byteslice(i) != x && dna_strand_2.byteslice(i) != nil i += 1 end hamming_distance end end
My last iteration utilized the with_index method to eliminate the iterator variable. I also assigned the individual base pairs that were being compared to the variable base_pair_a and base_pair_b for more readability.
class Hamming def self.compute(dna_strand_a, dna_strand_b) hamming_distance = 0 dna_strand_a.each_char.with_index do |base_pair_a, i| base_pair_b = dna_strand_b[i] hamming_distance += 1 if base_pair_b != base_pair_a && base_pair_b != nil end hamming_distance end end
This was a fun exercise! | biology |
https://cocanatural.com/en/coca-tea-or-mate-de-coca/?wishlist-action&lang=en | 2021-09-20T05:12:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057018.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20210920040604-20210920070604-00271.warc.gz | 0.957278 | 1,058 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__98973860 | en | Coca tea (known in Peru as mate de coca) , is an herbal tea made from the leaves of the coca plant.
|Holy coca leaf infusion|
|Coca tea (known in Peru as mate de coca) , is an herbal tea made from the leaves of the coca plant. The coca leaf is cut and put in a tea bag and is used as a normal tisane: by dipping a coca tea bag in hot water. Mate de coca is a very popular tisane in Peru where it is consumed as a digestive tea and even to treat altitude sickness. (that’s why it is so popular among the mountaineers who climb the Andes).
Traditional medical uses of coca are foremost as a stimulant to overcome fatigue, hunger, and thirst. It is considered particularly effective against altitude sickness. It also is used as an anaesthetic to alleviate the pain of headache and sores, etc. Before stronger anaesthetics were available, coca leaves were also used for broken bones, childbirth, and during trephining operations on the skull.
|Is coca tea a drug?|
|Even tough the leaves of the coca plant contain several alkaloids including cocaine, it does not mean that coca leaf is equivalent to cocaine because to produce cocaine from the leaves it isneeded several kilos of leaves and some chemical products and processes to extract a few grams of cocaine which is not the case when consuming the leaves naturally and directly as a tea.
The tiny quantities of alkaloid that are naturally present in coca leavesprovide only a slight energising sensation and are not addicting at all. In Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, indigenous people chew coca leaves for energy to work all day long without eating.
Coca tea is sold in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador in the supermarkets besides the other kinds of teas, there is even no limitation of age to purchase coca tea. It is seen as another kind of tea in these countries and it is starting to be seen as so in the rest of the countries.
|The Coca plant|
Coca is a plant in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to north-western South America. The plant plays a significant role in traditional Andean culture. Coca, spelled koka in Quechua and Aymara, resembles a blackthorn bush, and grows to a height of 2–3 m (7–10 ft). The branches are straight, and the leaves, which have a green tint, are thin, opaque, oval, and taper at the extremities. A marked characteristic of the leaf is an areolated portion bounded by two longitudinal curved lines, one line on each side of the midrib, and more conspicuous on the under face of the leaf.
Coca leaves have been used for centuries as a stimulant. Pre-Incan Indians used the leaves to relieve altitude sickness (hypoxia), hunger and fatigue. Coca is traditionally cultivated in the lower altitudes of the eastern slopes of the Andes, or the highlands depending on the species grown. Since ancient times, its leaves have been an important trade commodity between the lowlands where it is grown and the higher altitudes where it is widely consumed by the Andean peoples of Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Bolivia.
Traces of coca have been found in mummies dating to 3000 years ago. Extensive archeological evidence for the chewing of coca leaves dates back at least to the sixth century A.D. Moche period, and the subsequent Inca period, based on mummies found with a supply of coca leaves, pottery depicting the characteristic cheek bulge of a coca chewer, spatulas for extracting alkali and figured bags for coca leaves and lime made from precious metals, and gold representations of coca in special gardens of the Inca in Cuzco. Coca chewing may originally have been limited to the eastern Andes before its introduction to the Incas.
|COCA TEA INFUSIONS|
|Coca tea – Frequently asked questions|
|1. Is it legal to import coca tea?
Coca tea is completely legal in Peru and in all South America, there you can buy it in every supermarket along with other kinds of teas. As it is made from coca leaves, it sometimes is seen as a part of the drug group but customs know that this is a normal tea that has nothing to do with cocaine so it is in a fuzzy zone of classification.
2. Where to buy coca tea in the USA?
You won´t find coca tea in any store in the USA or in other country apart from South America because its import is forbidden; so the only possibility is to purchase for personal use from our Peruvian partenrs webstore clicking the next link: buy coca tea
3. What happens if the customs stops my order?
It is very rare that the customs service stops the entrance but if that´s the case, the package will come back to our office and we will refund your payment. | biology |
https://www.robotichipandkneereplacementla.com/synovitis-scar-tissue/ | 2023-10-02T13:43:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511000.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002132844-20231002162844-00572.warc.gz | 0.911347 | 429 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__112793600 | en | The knee is one of the synovial joints in the body. The joint is encapsulated by a synovial membrane that releases synovial fluid to lubricate the knee joint. Certain knee injuries or conditions can cause the synovial membrane to become inflamed, resulting in synovitis. Knee synovitis is a secondary condition – synovitis treatment often involves treating the underlying cause as well as synovitis symptoms. At Robotic Hip and Knee Replacement LA, we offer synovitis treatment, including knee scar tissue removal surgery, at our clinic in Los Angeles.
Causes and Symptoms of Knee Synovitis
There are many different possible causes of an inflamed knee synovial membrane. Gout and rheumatoid arthritis are autoimmune disorders that can cause synovitis in the knees and other synovial joints. A knee injury or disease, like cancer, can cause synovitis, or the disease can occur on its own. Knee synovitis can also be a complication of knee replacement surgery. The synovial lining can produce excess scar tissue that is pinched between the implant components, resulting in inflammation and pain. Symptoms of knee synovitis include:
- Redness and warmth around the knee
- Swelling in the knee joint
- Stiffness in the knee joint, often worse in the morning
Knee synovitis treatment depends on the cause of the synovial membrane or lining inflammation. Injury or arthritis complications that cause synovitis may respond well to ice, rest and anti-inflammatory medications. For complications from a knee replacement surgery, knee arthroscopy may be required to remove the inflamed knee scar tissue to relieve pain and improve knee function.
If you are experiencing knee synovitis symptoms, contact us at Robotic Hip and Knee Replacement LA to book your appointment or use the online appointment form on our contact page. We can schedule an exam and consultation with our knee specialist, Dr. Farzin Kabaei, at our orthopedic clinic in Beverly Hills. | biology |
http://crossroadsnaturopathic.com/naturopathic/holistic-approach-to-fertility.php | 2019-08-20T23:14:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027315681.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20190820221802-20190821003802-00016.warc.gz | 0.94639 | 707 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__117557702 | en | Naturopathic | Holistic Approach to Fertility
Many couples struggle with fertility now more than ever before. The good news is that more people are becoming aware of the treatment options to assist in making a healthy pregnancy a reality. The practitioners at Crossroads focus on treating each part of the menstrual cycle to enhance fertility. A combination of diet, exercise, herbs and acupuncture can be effective.
During the Menstrual Cycle
Acupuncture and Chinese herbs have an amazing effect on clearing the uterine lining, which is important for implantation during ovulation. This can be especially relevant in a woman who has fibroids, polyps, endometriosis or very clotty periods.
After the Period - the Follicular Phase
In many cases, women who have waited to start a family can have difficulty with preparing for ovulation in the follicular phase of the cycle. In Chinese Medicine, this is often described as Kidney Yin or Essence (jing) deficiency. In Western Medicine, these women often have elevated FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) levels, have been told that their AMH (anti-mullerian hormone) levels would make it difficult to conceive naturally, are hypothyroid or having irregular ovulations. Holistic treatments such as acupuncture, Chinese herbs, diet & certain supplements treat Kidney Yin and Essence deficiency. The goal is to enhance follicle development, produce a healthy endometrial lining and effective ovulations to increase female fertility and the likelihood of conception & implantation around ovulation.
Ovulation is an exciting time for couples and practitioners. Much of fertility has to do with timing and knowing when the right time is to "try." Practitioners teach women how to recognize the signs of ovulation. Some challenges that we often see in this phase are a physical blockage preventing the egg from it's descent to meet the sperm or a sluggish conversion of Yin to Yang energy-allowing the ripened follicle to be released. There are ways to remedy the above situations using both western medical technology, as well as Chinese herbs, acupuncture and naturopathic medicine.
After Ovulation - the Luteal Phase
In some cases, there is Kidney Yang and/or Kidney Qi deficiency. This is common in younger women who are very thin, overweight women, those who are always cold, women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), or women with luteal phase defect (a short luteal phase of less than 14 days). From a hormone perspective, this can be reflective of lower progesterone output in the woman resulting in an insufficient uterine lining to support pregnancy after conception.
The good news is that there are many different approaches to remedy Kidney Yang and/or Kidney Qi deficiency through diet, lifestyle, herbs, supplements and acupuncture. After treatment, many women who have miscarried in the past go on to have healthy full term pregnancies and babies.
Twenty percent of fertility cases we see are related to male fertility-issues with sperm concentration, sperm motility or sperm morphology. Acupuncture, herbs, and natural supplements can support male fertility, alongside some diet and lifestyle recommendations.
We have much to offer couples struggling with fertility or who just need a little guidance. We also offer pregnancy support, labor preparation support and post-partum and lactation support.
Please contact us at Crossroads Naturopathic Clinic 604.568.6899 to book your appointment today. | biology |
https://blog.magicgini.com/how-to-prevent-and-treat-obesity-in-dogs/ | 2024-02-23T14:34:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474412.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223121413-20240223151413-00533.warc.gz | 0.945641 | 1,890 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__196057394 | en | Table of Contents
Canine obesity is a growing concern that can significantly impact the health and well-being of our furry friends. As responsible pet owners, it is essential to understand the causes of obesity in dogs, recognize the signs of overweight, and take proactive steps to prevent and treat this condition. In this article, we will explore various aspects of canine obesity and provide practical tips to help you keep your dog in optimal shape.
Understanding Canine Obesity
Canine obesity occurs when a dog's body accumulates excess fat, leading to an unhealthy body weight. This condition can affect dogs of all breeds, ages, and sizes. Understanding the causes and potential health risks associated with obesity is crucial in combating this issue.
Obesity in dogs is a growing concern in today's society. With the rise of sedentary lifestyles and an abundance of food options, it's no wonder that our furry friends are also falling victim to this epidemic. However, it's important to delve deeper into the causes of obesity in dogs to fully comprehend the extent of this problem.
The Causes of Obesity in Dogs
Several factors contribute to obesity in dogs, including overfeeding, a sedentary lifestyle, genetic predisposition, and certain medical conditions. Feeding dogs excessive amounts of food or constantly providing treats can result in excessive calorie intake, leading to weight gain over time. It's important for dog owners to be mindful of portion sizes and to provide a balanced diet to prevent overfeeding.
Moreover, a sedentary lifestyle can also contribute to weight gain in dogs. Just like humans, dogs need regular physical exercise to maintain a healthy weight. Without adequate exercise, dogs are unable to burn off excess calories, leading to weight gain. It's essential for dog owners to prioritize daily exercise routines, such as walks, playtime, or even agility training, to keep their furry companions fit and active.
In some cases, genetics can play a role in a dog's predisposition to obesity. Certain breeds are more prone to weight gain, such as Labrador Retrievers, Beagles, and Cocker Spaniels. Understanding a dog's breed and potential genetic predispositions can help owners take proactive measures to prevent obesity.
Additionally, certain medical conditions can contribute to weight gain in dogs. Hormonal imbalances, such as hypothyroidism, can slow down a dog's metabolism, making it easier for them to gain weight. It's important for dog owners to consult with a veterinarian if they suspect any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to their dog's obesity.
The Health Risks Associated with Canine Obesity
Obesity can have severe health consequences for dogs. Overweight dogs are at a higher risk of developing various conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, respiratory issues, arthritis, and even certain types of cancer. The excess weight puts additional strain on their joints and organs, leading to long-term health complications.
Diabetes is a common health issue in obese dogs. The excess fat in their bodies can interfere with insulin production and regulation, leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. This chronic condition requires careful management and can significantly impact a dog's quality of life.
Heart disease is another serious health risk associated with obesity in dogs. The excess weight puts a strain on the heart, leading to increased blood pressure and the potential development of heart conditions. Regular exercise and a healthy diet are essential in maintaining a healthy heart for our furry friends.
Respiratory issues are also more prevalent in obese dogs. The excess weight can put pressure on their lungs, making it harder for them to breathe properly. This can lead to respiratory distress and a decreased ability to engage in physical activities.
Furthermore, obesity can worsen existing medical conditions in dogs. For example, dogs with arthritis already experience joint pain and inflammation. The added weight from obesity can exacerbate these symptoms, making it even more challenging for dogs to move comfortably. This can greatly impact their overall quality of life and mobility.
Lastly, studies have shown a correlation between obesity and certain types of cancer in dogs. The excess fat cells in their bodies can promote the growth of cancerous cells, increasing the risk of developing cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce the chances of cancer and improve a dog's overall well-being.
In conclusion, understanding the causes and health risks associated with canine obesity is crucial in addressing this issue. By being aware of the factors that contribute to obesity and the potential health consequences, dog owners can take proactive measures to prevent and manage obesity in their furry companions. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and veterinary guidance are key in ensuring that our dogs lead long, happy, and healthy lives.
Recognizing Obesity in Your Dog
Spotting the signs of obesity in your dog is vital for timely intervention. While it may seem challenging to determine if your dog is overweight, there are several key indicators to look out for.
Signs Your Dog May Be Overweight
One of the most noticeable signs of canine obesity is difficulty feeling your dog's ribs and spine under the layer of fat. Additionally, an overweight dog may have a visibly rounder or bloated appearance, have difficulty breathing, or tire quickly during exercise. If you suspect your dog is overweight, it is crucial to consult with your vet for an accurate assessment.
Consulting with Your Vet About Your Dog's Weight
Your veterinarian is an invaluable resource in helping you determine and address your dog's weight issue. They can perform a thorough examination, assess your dog's body condition score, and provide personalized recommendations for managing your dog's weight. Working closely with your vet will help you develop a tailored plan to address your dog's specific needs.
Preventing Obesity in Dogs
Preventing obesity is always easier than treating it. By implementing a proper diet and exercise routine, you can significantly reduce the chances of your dog becoming overweight. Let's explore some preventive measures you can take.
The Role of Diet in Preventing Canine Obesity
A well-balanced and portion-controlled diet plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy weight for your dog. Consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate daily caloric intake for your dog based on their age, breed, and activity level. Ensure that you are feeding your dog a high-quality diet that meets their nutritional needs without excessive calories.
The Importance of Regular Exercise for Dogs
Regular exercise is essential for keeping your dog physically fit and mentally stimulated. Engaging in activities such as daily walks, playtime, and interactive games not only helps burn calories but also strengthens the bond between you and your furry companion. Aim for at least 30 minutes to an hour of exercise each day, but adjust based on your dog's individual needs and limitations.
Treating Obesity in Dogs
If your dog is already obese, it's essential to take proactive steps to help them shed the excess weight and improve their overall health. Consulting with your veterinarian and following a structured weight loss plan are vital in achieving success.
Creating a Weight Loss Plan for Your Dog
Your vet can develop a customized weight loss plan for your dog, including a targeted calorie intake, portion sizes, and feeding schedule. This plan may involve gradually reducing the amount of food and treats your dog consumes and incorporating regular weigh-ins to monitor progress effectively. It is important to follow the plan consistently and make adjustments as necessary under your vet's guidance.
Monitoring Your Dog's Progress
Regular monitoring is crucial in assessing your dog's weight loss journey. Keep a record of your dog's weight and body condition score, and track any changes in their overall health and behavior. Celebrate milestones along the way and stay motivated to continue making progress. Remember, weight loss should be gradual and sustainable to minimize any negative impact on your dog's well-being.
Maintaining a Healthy Weight for Your Dog
Once your dog has achieved their target weight, maintaining a healthy lifestyle becomes paramount. By implementing some long-term strategies and knowing when to seek professional help, you can help your dog sustain their weight loss and overall well-being.
Long-Term Strategies for Keeping Your Dog Healthy
Continue to follow a consistent feeding schedule and portion control measures to prevent future weight gain. Incorporate regular exercise into your dog's routine and provide mental stimulation through training and interactive toys. Additionally, regular check-ups with your vet will help identify any potential weight-related issues and allow for timely intervention if needed.
When to Seek Professional Help for Your Dog's Weight
If you encounter challenges in maintaining your dog's weight or suspect any underlying medical conditions, it is essential to seek professional help promptly. Your veterinarian can provide guidance, perform necessary tests, and assist you in managing any complex weight-related issues effectively.
In conclusion, preventing and treating obesity in dogs is crucial to their overall health and well-being. By understanding the causes of obesity, recognizing the signs of overweight, employing preventive measures, and following a structured weight loss plan if necessary, you can help your dog live a long, healthy, and active life. Regular veterinary care and ongoing monitoring are vital components in ensuring the success of your dog's weight management journey. Remember, your furry friend relies on you for their health, so be proactive, supportive, and committed to their well-being.
The Gini Editorial Newsletter
Join the newsletter to receive the latest updates in your inbox. | biology |
https://www.edgefitness.co.nz/2016/04/10-reasons-why-you-should-be-doing-resistance-training/ | 2024-04-17T14:36:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817158.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417142102-20240417172102-00676.warc.gz | 0.945681 | 858 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__101622606 | en | - You will gain lean muscle while losing body fat at the same time. Adding less than 1kg of muscle will burn up to 100 calories more a day while doing absolutely nothing! Your metabolism stays elevated for an entire hour after resistance training burning calories where as with cardio the minute you stop is the minute you stop burning calories. Doing cardio alone will burn body fat but unfortunately it will also burn muscle which is the reason why resistance training should play a major part in your weekly exercise programme.
- You will decrease your risk of osteoporosis. This is especially important if your female. Scientifically proven that resistance training can improve your bone density by 13% in just 6 months with an appropriate programme.
- Done correctly resistance training will improve your posture. Whether you sit behind a desk all day or just aging in general sooner or later your shoulders are going to get rounder and rounder moving forward. There’s only one way to prevent this from happening and that’s by building muscle in your upper back muscles. Choosing specific exercises in the form of resistance training will pull your shoulders back to keep your posture perfect.
- Resistance training reduces blood pressure and improves heart function. Resistance training significantly improves heart function. It has been shown in study after study that resistance training will decrease blood pressure. I have seen it first hand with a client who had not being doing resistance training BUT had been walking 40min a day at a fast pace with high blood pressure. Only once she began resistance training did her blood pressure drop to where it should be. Resistance training also enhances artery function by reducing inflammation increasing better blood flow.
- Resistance training helps prevent and improve diabetes. It’s no secret now that resistance training has a very positive effect on blood sugar function and insulin. As you know resistance training done correctly will build muscle which increases your lean tissues receptivity to insulin which increases your muscles demand for glucose transporting it from the blood stream. This helps prevent diabetes, while at the same time keeping your bodyfat lower.
- Resistance training has positive effects on hormones in both males and females. Testosterone is elevated in males after resistance training where as females who do resistance training have lower estrogen levels which means lower body fat and also lessens the chances of breast cancer.
- Resistance training will prevent you from losing muscle tissue as you age. Scientifically proven, adults who do NOT do resistance training will lose between 2.5-3kgs of muscle every decade. As this occurs your metabolism slows down causing you to start storing more body fat. Although endurance exercise improves our cardiovascular fitness it does not prevent the loss of muscle tissue as we age. From the age of 25 our hormone levels begin to drop off hence the loss of muscle tissue if you are not doing resistance training.
- Resistance training will reduce arthritic pain. I have seen this first hand with a client who had been on medication for painful arthritis of the spine. After 4 months of resistance training she was able to stop all medication and was pain free. Every Christmas she would go away on holiday for 3 weeks and the pain would begin to return, upon resumption of resistance training she would once again be pain free.
- Physically you will be a lot stronger doing resistance training than not doing it. Whether it’s lifting around the work place or doing general chores around the home what once felt heavy won’t anymore. Lifting children whether your a parent or grandparent won’t cause you to break your back because your abs legs and upper body will be so much stronger. Expect your strength to increase by 30-50% in the first 6 months if you are doing resistance training correctly.
- Resistance training helps depression. An American university study found just 10 weeks of resistance training reduced clinical depression more successfully than standard counselling.
Like anything there is a right and a wrong way to do things and resistance training is no different. There a certain systems that should be followed. The body will adapt so in order to keep improving your training must also advance in different ways for continued success. With 20 years of resistance training experience I’m equipped to help you achieve all of your goals.
contact me at either:
027 4156 711 | biology |
http://theholtshappenings.blogspot.com/2011/01/muir-woods.html | 2020-01-21T18:33:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250604849.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200121162615-20200121191615-00497.warc.gz | 0.964374 | 287 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__95105312 | en | Once we saw the sights in San Francisco we headed about 30 minutes outside the city in search of the famous California redwood trees.
On the way we stopped for the most delicious feast at this little restaurant...
A charming little coffe shop with the amazing breakfast. If any of you are headed to the San Fransisco area, you have to dine here.
After the much needed nourishment we made it to Muir Woods .
Much to my surprise, we did not see the huge trees I was envisioning. I was expecting the giant redwoods- you know the massive trees with trunks you can drive through in a car. Little did I know that I would learn something on this trip. There are 2 species of "redwoods." There are the "big trees" or giant sequoia redwoods. There are also coastal redwoods which are the tallest living things on our planet. Some of them are 360 feet tall - this is what we saw in Muir Woods.
One day soon I hope to visit Sequoia National Park to see the largest trees in the world, specifically General Sherman - the circumference of its trunk is over 100 feet. For now, I'll settle for some of the tallest...
Interesting fact: Return of the Jedi was filmed here.
It is truely an enchanting area.
After visiting the redwood trees we went to Muir Beach | biology |
https://cosvertours.com/tours/000004/Holbox | 2020-07-08T07:25:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655896905.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20200708062424-20200708092424-00536.warc.gz | 0.916534 | 313 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__105318194 | en | Holbox is a beautiful and picturesque Caribbean island located in the north of the Yucatan Peninsula, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo.
It forms part of the Yum Balam Nature Reserve, and is separated from the mainland by the Yalahau Lagoon, where many flamingos and pelicans inhabit.
The island is located between the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, with waters full of marine flora and fauna, including sea turtles. Among the highlights of visiting the island are the tranquil village of Holbox and Punta Coco Beach.
Departures Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.
- Swim in the Cenote Yalahau and visit the Mirador.
- Visit la Isla de Pasión (The Island of Passion), walk in the water to observe the diversity of migratory birds, some of those in danger of extinction and the famous nest of the Osprey.
- An exilerating trip in a golf cart around Isla Holbox, where you can learn a little of the local culture and admire the artistic murals of the island as they pass slowly by!
- Time to relax on the beach in front of the restaurant where you can take advantage of the numerous hammocks and lounge chairs.
- Air-conditioned Transportation.
- Visiting 3 islands by boat.
- Snacks (fruit, cookies, juice and water)
- Dinner - Fish filet or Chicken.
- Drinks during dinner.
Tour Options ~ | biology |
https://shop.milkweedmarket.org/ | 2024-04-21T01:00:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817699.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421005612-20240421035612-00329.warc.gz | 0.949646 | 589 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__7283814 | en | Welcome to Monarch Watch's Milkweed Market!
Monarch butterfly overwintering counts hit all-time lows in recent years and the widespread planting of herbicide tolerant crops, intensive farming, and the ethanol mandate have led to a rapid loss of habitat for monarchs and other pollinators. These important insects need our help. By planting milkweeds (the host plants for monarch caterpillars) and nectar plants for adult monarchs and pollinators, you can help maintain the monarch migration and sustain the insects whose pollination services maintain our ecosystems.
The Milkweed Market is open for Spring 2024 preorders!
Important Ordering Information:
About Our Milkweed Flats:
- Shipping & handling fees are included in the price of the flats of milkweed plugs.
- When you submit your order, your credit card will be charged, and you will receive an email confirming your milkweed request has been received.
- We typically ship milkweed to Texas and Oklahoma in April and other regions after 1 May. You will only be able to order milkweed that is available to ship to your ZIP code.
- Availability is ultimately based on our seed supply and propagation success. If we are unable to fulfill your milkweed order, we will send an email confirming the cancellation and issue a refund to your credit card.
- As the milkweeds near shipping readiness, we review orders with our nurseries to ensure we can fulfill all orders. Once confirmed, you will receive an email indicating your order has been approved for shipping.
- You will receive a tracking number and other shipment details via email when your milkweed flat(s) ship.
- By placing an order, you agree to accept plants that are not showy, but have viable roots that, with proper care, will grow to become critical monarch habitat. See below for additional information.
- These native plants are grown in wholesale restoration nurseries, not retail nurseries. Unlike plants grown for showiness at a retail nursery, these are grown for habitat restoration and are often trimmed of leaves prior to shipment to conserve water. This does not harm the plants. Most plants will arrive with green leaves; however, some may lack leaves due to recent trimming or dormancy.
- The roots are the most important part of these hardy natives. Do not discard plants that have come out of their flat during shipping! They are still viable even if the stems and leaves are broken and they will still establish from the well-developed roots. We are not responsible for damage to plants during shipping.
- These milkweed plugs are too young to be a suitable source of milkweed for monarch rearing kits. They are native, perennial plants that must be planted and allowed to mature before harvesting leaves for rearing. Once established, these milkweeds will provide significant monarch habitat as the food source for monarch caterpillars for years to come. | biology |
http://ascentofhumanity.blogspot.com/2008/07/fleas.html | 2017-04-24T17:04:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119642.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00519-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.957644 | 766 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__219096014 | en | Yesterday I discovered that my kittens have fleas. Not a huge number, but I'm told these critters tend to multiply. So my first step, besides vacuuming daily so they don't spread to the house, was to improve their diet. A healthy animal should be able to handle parasites. Parasites, like most diseases, are a symptom and not a cause of ill health.
Wait. Did your eyes kind of swim past that last sentence without realizing how outrageous it is? I just contradicted the fundamental tenet of modern medicine, which is that germs cause disease. This belief is not an isolated peculiarity of the medical system, but is embedded in deeper paradigms of science and civilization. It fits in with the mentality of control too. If you can identify the pathogen, then the cure is to eliminate the pathogen. That is what we do with antibiotics, or with a flea collar. If a field has weeds, spray an herbicide. If a crop has insects, spray an insecticide. If the world has evil, eliminate the bad guys. If you have negative thoughts, kill those too. The germ theory of disease leads naturally to a mentality of war. We hear quite often the phrase "The battle against AIDS," or cancer or bacteria.
If we see germs as primarily a symptom and not a cause of ill health, then eliminating them is at best a temporary or secondary priority. The primary question becomes: Why are there germs here? Why are there fleas? That reason may not be a single, definable cause, but a constellation of causes, a holistic state of being.
Eastern North America is experiencing a catastrophic outbreak of Lyme disease, spread mostly by deer ticks. A control-based solution would be a vaccine against Lyme, or a way to kill the spirochete or kill the ticks. Looking symptomatically though, we see the tick infestation as a sign of something deeper. When I was kid you could trudge through the high grass all day and not get a tick. Today I get them sometimes from a short hike on a suburban park path. The proliferation of ticks is probably a symptom of sick deer, and that is a symptom of a sick forest. Just as candida overruns a human body depleted of its internal ecology, so do certain species overrun other depleted ecosystems. The forests in the East have been clearcut at least three times in the past 150 years, and their once numerous species reduced to a handful.
We are nearing the end of the Age of Separation, the age of control. There is no magic spray that is going to make the forests healthy again. It is the regime of control itself that we will abandon to recover health. We will end the state of war, against germs, against self, against nature. And against fleas. I am grateful to the fleas for alerting me that my kittens are not healthy. I had been lazy, feeding them Kitten Chow instead of the raw meat, liver, egg yolks, kelp powder, etc. I'd been feeding them. (Does anyone have any holistic cat food tips?)
Any time I have a physical symptom of ill health, I am also grateful to that. It shows me there is something to pay attention to. We can suppress symptoms, but if the underlying imbalance remains they'll come back, perhaps in some other form. The same is true of "negativity" in my mind. Don't go to war against yourself: not your anger, not your fear, not your laziness or any other negative quality. Each points to something. To what? There are no universal guidelines. My next Reality Sandwich essay will discuss how to work with pain and negativity though, in some depth. | biology |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.