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http://www.informationweek.in/informationweek/news-analysis/178398/infosys-elan-pharmaceuticals-apply-creation-model-transform-discovery-research | 2015-03-30T19:59:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131299877.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172139-00203-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.855454 | 294 | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-14__0__130470571 | en | Infosys Technologies recently announced that it will design and implement the Research Informatics System (RISe) at Elan Pharmaceuticals, a biotechnology company, to accelerate discovery research using a co-creation engagement model that leverages Infosys’ existing intellectual property in this field.
Ajay Shah, Director – Research Informatics, Elan Pharmaceuticals, said, “With Infosys’ solution and engagement model, Elan will be able to lower costs for scientific operation and facilitate innovation.”
As Elan’s informatics system, RISe will leverage Infosys’ Scientific Innovation Solution for knowledge collaboration. Infosys Technologies says the new system will reduce the time spent on registering and experimenting with bio-entities, increase collaboration, and reduce the chances of downstream failure.
The co-creation engagement model enables Infosys to retain ownership of co-developed IP as part of the implementation. Relevant components of this reference implementation can be reused or repurposed by Infosys to deliver faster business benefits at other Life Sciences organizations.
“Elan’s vision to create a scalable research informatics system for scientists to collaborate better, dovetails perfectly with our investments in solutions that improve scientific innovation and our efforts to streamline discovery research,” said R Arun Kumar, head of Infosys’ Global Life Sciences Practice, Infosys Technologies. | biology |
https://en.labolazar.com/mines | 2024-02-29T06:13:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474784.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229035411-20240229065411-00291.warc.gz | 0.95073 | 250 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__200596669 | en | Microbial communities in abandoned and flooded mines
Mines have been and are a source of wealth for provinces like Quebec. However, when a mine ceases to operate, groundwater submerges the tunnels dug by man little by little. Mines closed during the 20th century are not subject to regulations and are often left as is. Microorganisms living in the groundwater that submerges the mine galleries, are a source of populations able to adapt to the new artificial aquatic environment that the mine has become.
We are therefore interested in the diversity and functions of microbial populations that live and have adapted in the water that submerged two old iron (Forsyth) and mica (Blackburn) mines in Quebec. We areinterested not only in the study of Bacteria and Archaea, but also in the study of eukaryotic microbes and viruses. This study is also carried out around the anthropological theme of the consequences of natural habitat destruction by humans.
Project led by Elise Lhoste
Collaboration: PTO Exploration (team of technical divers, leader Kevin Brown)
Prof. Benoit Barbeau (UQAM)
Prof. Alison Derry (UQAM)
Prof. David Jaclin (University of Ottawa) | biology |
https://89wood.com/page/meterial_dtls/8 | 2020-09-29T14:15:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401643509.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929123413-20200929153413-00210.warc.gz | 0.902199 | 135 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__116888216 | en | AFRICAN TEAK is a common name for plants like Pterocarpus angolensis,Baikiaea plurijuga, Milicia excelsa, Pericopsis elata. Among the African countries the timber from Pterocarpus angolensis species is best sourced from Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC). The timber from this species finds a wide range of uses because of its distinctive nature. It is resistant to termite and borer. It is durable and has a pleasing spicy fragrance. The wood from these species polishes well and has an attractive brownish-yellow colour to make it good for making quality furniture. | biology |
https://quadriv.wordpress.com/2011/10/06/the-language-of-birds/ | 2018-07-21T21:25:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676592778.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20180721203722-20180721223722-00307.warc.gz | 0.976036 | 548 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__173904222 | en | In Hergé’s Red Rackham’s Treasure, Tintin and Captain Haddock follow a lead to an uninhabited island where they come across a population of parrots with the unnerving ability to squawk Haddockian insults. Tintin hypothesises that an earlier generation of parrots were taught to speak by Captain Haddock’s ancestor who visited the island hundreds of years earlier and the skill was passed on to subsequent generations through a type of avian cultural transmission.
The story may sound a little far-fetched but Martyn Robinson from the Australian Museum has found evidence of a similar process occurring in cockatoos, a species well known for their ability to copy human speech. The most likely scenario is that pet cockatoos have escaped or been released from captivity and taken up residence with a group of wild birds. The exotic sounds of human speech may be more appealing to female cockatoos and have been adopted by the rest of the group.
Naturalist Alexander von Humboldt was exploring the Orinoco River in 1800 when he visited a Maipure village. The inhabitants kept a pet parrot that spoke a different language from their owners. They claimed that the parrot had belonged to members of the Ature tribe and spoke their language. The Ature had died out some years earlier and Humboldt realised that the parrot was the last speaker of the language. He recorded forty words which remain the only record of the Ature tongue.
Lyrebirds are superb mimics; an individual may have a repertoire of dozens of other bird calls. They are also able to convincingly recreate sounds of human activity such as chainsaws, car alarms and cameras. These appear to be passed down to subsequent generations since lyrebirds alive today are still heard to make the sounds of older style camera shutters, axes and saws which have not been heard in the lyrebirds’ habitat for many years.
The lyrebirds of Tasmania, introduced to the island in the 1930s, retained the call of the Eastern Whipbird, a species not present on the island, until at least the 1960s and possibly into the 1980s, although with decreasing fidelity.
In 1969, a park ranger in the New England National Park heard a lyrebird reproducing the sound of a flute. The bird was singing fragments of two songs popular in the 1930s, The Keel Row and Mosquito’s Dance. A farmer in the area who had kept a pet lyrebird forty years earlier was known to play a flute. Flute sounds still exist in the repertoire of some of the lyrebirds in the area. | biology |
http://thegrahnhomestead.blogspot.com/2011/01/hairsome-have-it-some-dont.html | 2018-07-19T11:03:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590866.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719105750-20180719125750-00560.warc.gz | 0.967585 | 645 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__11536134 | en | I've been growing my hair out for the past 3 years. This was an interesting article in a newsletter I just got. Since I make shampoo I'm always looking for ways to enhance it.
How to grow long hair and keep it healthy
There are around 100,000 strands of hair on the average person’s head. Hair grows at a rate of approximately a half an inch per month.
There is no magic food or ingredient that might help hair grow in an instant. If you have short hair and you are growing it long: be patient! Even so there are ways to enhance your hair growing cycle. Vitamins and minerals, for instance, can help boost your health and keep your hair healthy. Since your hair often reflects your overall health, exercise and taking care of your general well-being will help maximize your hair growing potential.
Tips on how to make your hair grow more healthily:
Watch what you eat: Food that can enhance hair growth include: dark green vegetables, carrots, seafood, dairy foods, cabbage, yogurt, a balanced source of iron such as in liver, poultry, whole grains, egg and fish, bananas as a source of potassium and don’t forget to drink plenty water to wash chemicals and toxins out of your body.
Exercise and Relaxation: Exercise helps improve the circulation which is vital for hair growth. Massaging the scalp with a few drops of Vitamin E oil can also help strengthen fragile or damaged hair.
Cut out smoking, caffeine and alcohol: People who don’t eat healthily but drink excessively are at risk of hair loss. Alcohol affects the liver which is critical for managing the body’s metabolism. Smoking too, has been found to possibly accelerate hair loss.
Herbs that might help hair grow:
There are some herbs that have been found to enhance hair condition. These include Gingko which helps with the circulation which is essential for hair growth; Birch Oil which is thought to help slow down hair loss, Rosemary helps the hair grow shinier and Chamomile can help calm an itchy scalp which could cause hair loss.
Take care of your hair: Minimize anything that might encourage split ends such as hair-dryers, tongs and heating appliances, hair sprays etc. Find a conditioner that suits the condition of your hair and use it regularly. Get your hair trimmed every six to eight weeks to prevent split ends.
Life and Hair Loss:
At times in life, due to health and circumstances, hair can be seen to go through phases and hair loss may for instance be experienced in women after giving birth, people with diabetes or with thyroid health disease. Stress can also cause hair loss.
How to Add Volume to Hair:
There are many products on the market that promise to add volume to hair: again experiment and choose the best one for you. Whether your hair is short, medium or long a good cut can do a lot to give hair movement and fullness.
No matter how long it takes for your hair to grow, the more effort you put into keeping your hair in good condition, will help keep your hair more manageable as it grows. | biology |
https://balconybeef.com/nutrition | 2024-02-25T20:53:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474643.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225203035-20240225233035-00144.warc.gz | 0.935641 | 107 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__152361456 | en | Piedmontese cattle are missing the myostatin gene which works in traditional cattle to inhibit their overall muscle mass and are often described as "double muscled". Because they develop extra muscle, they develop very little fat. The beef remains tender and juicy without the heavy marbling of traditional cattle breeds.
Piedmontese are not genetically modified for this unique double muscling, the absence of the myostatin gene is a natural evolution of the breed.
Copyright © 2023 Balcony Beef - All Rights Reserved. | biology |
https://birthaims.com.au/blocked-milk-ducts/ | 2021-10-28T14:45:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588341.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20211028131628-20211028161628-00450.warc.gz | 0.924008 | 2,437 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__216872516 | en | Blocked Milk Ducts, blebs and mastitis – what, why and how?
“What are blocked milk ducts?” I hear you say! Or, perhaps you’re here because you’re currently breastfeeding and have found a lump, pain or redness in your breast. It can feel really overwhelming and daunting knowing what to do to manage pain and/or breast lumps when breastfeeding! Hopefully by the end of this article you’ll have plenty of ideas of things to try.
Milk ducts are essentially tiny tubes running from our alveoli (milk producing, tiny balloon-like structures) to and through our nipples. Sometimes, milk ducts clog, causing the milk behind the blockage to build up. This milk build up can result in a lump, pain, engorgement (firmness) and redness, and if not treated, mastitis. So, why does this happen?
Blocked Milk Ducts, blebs and mastitis – The causes…
There are a variety of reasons milk ducts can get blocked, including (and possibly not limited to!):
- Latch and positioning not quite right – A well positioned baby will drain the breast, ‘flushing’ the milk ducts.
- Large gaps between feeds – These can result in engorgement and eventually blocked milk ducts.
- Pressure on or damage to the breasts – For some women, wearing a singlet or crop is enough pressure to cause blockages! A change in bra or clothing, sleeping on your tummy or damage to the breast can lead to blockages too.
- Damage to the nipple – Any cracks, grazes, scabs, bites and/or infections can prevent the milk flowing from the nipple.
- Difficulties getting a let down and/or stress – The let down is when breastmilk flows to your baby. Some mums experience a tingling or full feeling to their breasts, will feel really thirsty or have to take a big, deep breath. Others only notice the let down based on a change in baby’s sucking pattern (from suck-suck to the rhythmic suck-swallow) or milk flowing into a pump. Distracted babies and tense or stressed mums can inhibit the let down. You can stimulate this using warmth before and during the feed, gentle massage, focusing on baby (or photos of bub), taking big breaths, or focusing on letting the milk flow. More let downs = more chances to clear a blockage!
Other potential causes less often recognised
- Diet – Avoid eating lots of processed, fatty or sugary foods to help reduce inflammation in the body (and breasts).
- Run down mum – Some women notice being run down or not getting enough rest (laughable with a baby!) predisposes them to blockages.
- Vasospasm – Vasospasm is the sudden contraction of blood vessels. When it happens in our breasts it can restrict the flow of milk from the nipple causing (you guessed it!) a blockage. Using warmth before, during and after feeds, ensuring you’re in a warm space and away from a breeze/air conditioner can help reduce vasospasm.
Treatment of blocked milk ducts
Physical treatment options
There are lots of different options that work for different women, but the top 4 tend to be most commonly suggested:
- Feed, feed, feed – The more you feed/pump and get a let down (see tips above), the better to clear the duct.
- Warmth – Warmth on the breast before and during a feed or pumping can help!
- Massage (GENTLY) – Massage reduces breast pain. However, I suggest always go gently if you massage at all, and do so with the palm rather than fingertips.
- Position changes – Rotate baby so their chin is where the lump sits to help ‘massage’ the blockage out. However, rotating position at all, even if bub’s chin isn’t on the lump, potentially drains the breast slightly differently.
- Reduce the pressure – Any pressure on the breast from a top, crop bra or otherwise can inhibit drainage from the breast. I suggest sitting in your dressing gown and feed, feed, feed. Likewise, try not to sleep on your tummy or in positions with pressure on your breasts.
- Dangle feeding – As in the image on the left above, dangle feeding, using gravity, can help clear those milk ducts!
- Check baby’s latch (or your pump setup) – If bub isn’t latching well, or your pump isn’t quite right for you, this influences drainage. Give the ABA or an IBCLC a call, or contact me!
- Vibration and/or therapeutic ultrasound – ‘Vibrating’ the blockage (electric toothbrush, vibrator etc) can help break apart clogs. Therapeutic ultrasound apparently does this whilst also dilating milk ducts. Many women’s health physios offer therapeutic ultrasound.
- Five Step Systematic Therapy (FSST) – A therapy for treating blocked ducts involving laser therapy, pumping, massage, magnesium sulfate and education.
Other options (these are sometimes a little harder to arrange!)…
- Rest – Rest not just yourself (yes, go to bed!) but also your breasts! Constantly feeding and pumping can cause swelling, bruising and/or localised oedema in your breast tissue. So feed frequently and well, but give yourself breaks in between feeds to recover too.
- Eat well – Cut out the crap to reduce inflammation (I know it’s hard on no sleep!). Processed foods, dairy, sugar and gluten (and others) increase inflammation in the body.
- Acupuncture – In dairy cattle, acupuncture reduces the incidence of mastitis (and can increase milk supply). Low level research supports the same effect in women.
- Cabbage leaves! Or cold compresses – After the feed, using cold cabbage leaves or compresses helps reduce inflammation, pain and hardness of the breasts.
- Drink lots of water – Staying well hydrated is important, especially if you end up with a temperature or fever! So drink lots of water, often, to support your body.
- Myofascial release – This is one that isn’t often suggested, but can be SO amazing! I encourage you to give it a go! By releasing fascia restrictions the milk ducts are free to flow. For a discussion of these techniques from an Osteopath, check out this link!
Supplements and other things that might help…
The research is limited in this area. If there is a highlighted, linked item it’s because there is some research to support it. I include all methods I know of as anecdotes can be helpful too! Sometimes anecdotes are just responses that we dont yet have data to back up; worth keeping in your arsenal, ready.
- Lecithin – Many IBCLCs and women note that lecithin reduces the ‘stickiness’ of milk, helping it flow freely. There is no research to support it to my knowledge.
- Probiotics – This is a review on the research behind probiotic use for mastitis; we need more research. However, some studies report a correlation between probiotic use and reduction or prevention of mastitis. If you’re going down this route Lactobacillus fermentum and L. salivarius are the bacteria you need.
- Magnesium, calcium and Nifedipine – Magnesium, calcium and Nifedipine reduce the incidence of vasospasm, a causative factor for blockages (see above). There is no research on magnesium use for women without vasospasm, so it’s unknown whether it would help.
- Vitamin B6, Fish Oil and Nifedipine – These are again supplements or medications that can reduce the incidence of vasospasm, a causative factor for blockages.
- Ibuprofin – Ibuprofin reduces inflammation in the body (and breast tissue), reducing pressure on milk ducts. This can allow the milk to flow more easily.
- Magnesium sulfate soak – Magnesium sulfate (epsom salts) soaks supposedly reduce inflammation and get the milk flowing. Some research supports its use.
- Homeopathics – Many women swear by Belladonna, Phytolacca and Poke Root for relieving mastitis. I suggest speaking with a homeopath/herbalist directly.
What about recurring blocked milk ducts!?
Recurring blockages, regardless of the type, are painful and so upsetting! If you can’t find the cause and you’ve tried the ideas above, seek additional help. Please reach out to an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant for help or contact me for a lactation consult!
Mastitis? What is it? What do I do?
Mastitis is breast inflammation, not infection, though it can sometimes occur due to an infective agent (typically the bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus). The key difference between mastitis and a blocked milk duct is the systemic signs of illness, including:
- Headache or body aches
- Feeling ill
- Shivers/lack of temperature control
Mastitis caused by a blocked milk duct is treatable as described above, without antibiotics. However, if you find you’re struggling to treat the blockage and/or you’ve had systemic illness signs for 24 hours without improvement, it’s worth following up. Many GPs will prescribe antibiotics for mastitis. While sometimes useful, clearing the blockage is still necessary. The reason GPs are cautious and prescribe antibiotics is to avoid mastitis developing into a breast abscess. These are uncommon, but it’s worth being aware that they do occur sometimes, particularly when mastitis isn’t treated appropriately. Some GPs are really knowledgeable about breastfeeding and will give fantastic advice, but this isn’t the common experience. Please reach out to an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant for help or contact me for a lactation consult if you need.
What happens after I clear the blockage?
Just keep on feeding! Some women will notice a huge increase in milk supply and engorgement following blocked duct treatment. If this is the case for you, progressively cut back feeds/pumping until it is just as much as your baby needs. You can use cold cabbage leaves as noted above to help curb the milk supply and reduce any engorgement/inflammation too. I typically suggest listening to your breasts and pumping whenever you feel engorgement or lumpiness to the breasts.
Reach out for help!
If you need any help at all, please let me know! I have been assisting mums through issues, like blocked milk ducts for years, and will soon qualify as an IBCLC (I may already be one depending on when you read this!). Furthermore, I have personal experience with navigating the hurdles of recurring blocked milk ducts and mastitis. I’m here for you!
Would you like to stay up to date with Birth Aims? Subscribe below!
Who am I?
Hello, I’m Aimee! I support women and their families through pregnancy, birth, postpartum and breastfeeding. I am a qualified and experienced Doula and breastfeeding counsellor, providing support in the Blue Mountains and surrounds. I’d love to meet you for an obligation free catch up! Contact me here. | biology |
https://twilightfenix.livejournal.com/449136.html | 2020-01-18T18:31:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250593295.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20200118164132-20200118192132-00557.warc.gz | 0.963822 | 1,318 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__229168524 | en | Can Coffee Protect Against Common Cancers?
Two New Studies Show Coffee Guards Against Liver and
Two separate studies, reported in the Feb. 16 issue of The Journal of the National Cancer Institute, examined the impact of coffee drinking on cancer risk.
Is Decaffeinated Coffee Really Best?
In the Harvard study, researchers examined data from two large, ongoing health trials involving 134,000 people. The participants were questioned about their coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption at different time periods over the course of 15 years.
Researcher Karin B. Michels, ScD, and colleagues found no association between consumption of caffeinated coffee or tea and colorectal cancer risk. But people who regularly drank two or more cups of decaffeinated coffee a day had about half the rate of rectal cancer as people who never drank decaffeinated coffee.
Michels tells WebMD that she initially thought the apparent protection could be explained by the fact that the decaffeinated coffee drinkers tended to have healthier lifestyles than the people who drank caffeinated coffee. But tea drinkers in the study also tended to have healthier habits, but had the same cancer risk as people who drank caffeinated coffee.
Even though she says now she believes that decaffeinated coffee may have unique cancer-fighting benefits, the researcher is not yet recommending that people switch from high-test to low.
"I would definitely like to see more studies that focus on decaffeinated coffee," she says.
Coffee and Liver Cancer
The second study, reported by researchers from
The researchers reported that people who drank coffee every day or almost daily had about half the liver cancer risk as those who never drank coffee. The more coffee people drank the lower their risk. And the protective benefits appeared to extend to those with chronic hepatitis C and B infections. They are at very high risk for developing liver cancer.
The study did not distinguish between caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption, because few Japanese people drink decaffeinated coffee.
Nutritional epidemiologist Nancy Potischman, PhD, tells WebMD that the fact that liver cancer is common in
She also found it compelling that the more coffee people drank the more they seemed to be protected from liver cancer.
"That is a good indication of a real effect and not just something that is seen by chance," she says. "As an epidemiologist I always want to see more evidence, but these findings are very compelling."
For a nation fueled by Starbucks, studies suggesting that coffee drinkers may be at decreased risk for several major diseases, including Parkinson's and diabetes, is welcome news.
WebMD even recently reported on two studies from The Journal of the National Cancer Institute showing that coffee may significantly lower the risk of colon and liver cancers.
But there is also evidence that coffee may increase the risk of heart disease for some, and a new study from
Researchers from the
The findings are reported in the June 1 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
The researchers had already linked coffee drinking to increased indicators of inflammation, one of the key mechanisms to the development of heart disease. And they have also reported that combining coffee with cigarette smoking seems to be much worse for the heart than smoking alone.
"The evidence regarding coffee is far less conclusive than it is for smoking," study researcher
Previous studies evaluating coffee's role in promoting high blood pressure and heart disease have been conflicting. Though some suggest a strong link, others have found no link at all or even a health benefit to coffee drinking.
The latest research by Vlachopoulos and colleagues included 228 healthy adults whose average age was 41. The researchers used food-frequency questionnaires to determine how much coffee each study participant drank. They took into account whether participants drank instant coffee, brewed coffee, Greek-type coffee, cappuccino, or filtered coffee. They analyzed the data to account for each cup of coffee containing 80 milligrams of caffeine.
They also measured blood vessel wall abnormalities -- wall stiffness, the inability to expand and contract and a sign of unhealthy blood vessels.
Compared with people who did not drink coffee, people who drank two or more cups of coffee a day showed more abnormalities in blood vessel function. Blood vessel stiffness is an indictor of heart disease risk. The association remained strong even after taking into account other heart disease risk factors like smoking, obesity, and age.
But nutrition researcher Alice Lichtenstein, DSc, says the lifestyle differences between the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were so great that it would be difficult for the researchers to take these into account.
Lichtenstein is a senior scientist and director of the Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory at
In the study, people who drank two or more cups of coffee a day were almost nine times more likely than non-coffee drinkers to smoke cigarettes. They were also 2.5 times as likely to be obese. In general, people who drank no coffee also tended to be younger than those who drank coffee.
Age, cigarette smoking and obesity are three risk factors for heart disease. "It is more likely that heart disease risk is determined by a number of dietary and lifestyle components together, rather than individual foods," she tells WebMD.
Moderation Is Key
Lichtenstein agrees that as a whole, the research on coffee and health remains inconclusive. She adds that java junkies can probably relax if they drink coffee in moderation and reserve the cream and sugar-laden specialty coffees for special occasions.
While coffee itself has no calories, the "tall" version of, say, a double-mocha latte with whipped cream can contain more calories, fat, and sugar than a typical fast-food meal.
Vlachopoulos says it is increasingly clear that coffee consumption is an important risk factor for heart disease when combined with smoking.
"The message to smokers would be to stop, and if they can't stop they shouldn't drink coffee," he says.
SOURCES: Charalambos, V. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 2005; vol 81: pp 1307-1312. Charalambos Vlachopoulos, MD, department of cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece. Alice Lichtenstein, DSc, senior scientist, director, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory,
*looks at her 5th cup of coffee and sighs* Damn .. I need to cut back .. | biology |
https://sjssheffieldaesthetics.co.uk/unveiling-luna-the-polynucleotide-skin-booster-revolutionising-skincare/ | 2024-04-17T01:46:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817128.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417013540-20240417043540-00622.warc.gz | 0.890916 | 598 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__164430099 | en | In the dynamic world of skincare, advancements and innovations continually emerge, promising rejuvenated, youthful skin. Among these breakthroughs stands LUNA, a Polynucleotide (PN) skin booster, poised to revolutionize the way we approach skin rejuvenation and regeneration.
Imagine a skincare solution that taps into the body’s natural healing mechanisms to stimulate collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. LUNA does precisely that, harnessing the power of Polynucleotide technology to deliver remarkable results.
But what exactly is Polynucleotide technology, and how does it work?
Polynucleotides, or PN, are chains of nucleotides found in DNA and RNA, the building blocks of life. In skincare, PN derived from salmon DNA are utilized for their remarkable regenerative properties. These molecules have the ability to penetrate deep into the skin, where they stimulate cellular repair and renewal processes.
LUNA utilizes PN technology in a concentrated serum form. Upon application, the PN molecules penetrate the skin’s layers, triggering a cascade of biological responses that promote collagen synthesis, enhance tissue repair, and improve overall skin health.
One of the key benefits of LUNA is its ability to address multiple skincare concerns simultaneously. Whether you’re battling signs of aging, sun damage, or environmental stressors, LUNA offers a comprehensive solution for skin rejuvenation. By promoting collagen production and enhancing skin elasticity, LUNA helps to minimize the appearance of dark circle’s ,wrinkles and fine lines, resulting in smoother, firmer skin.
Furthermore, LUNA’s regenerative properties make it an excellent choice for improving skin texture and tone. Whether you’re dealing with rough patches, uneven pigmentation, or dullness, LUNA can help restore your skin’s natural radiance and vitality.
Another noteworthy aspect of LUNA is its compatibility with various skincare treatments and procedures. Whether used alone or in conjunction with other skincare modalities such as microneedling , LUNA can enhance and prolong the results of these treatments, leading to more dramatic improvements in skin texture and appearance.
In a world inundated with skincare products promising miraculous results, LUNA stands out as a scientifically backed, clinically proven solution for skin rejuvenation. By harnessing the power of Polynucleotide technology, LUNA offers a holistic approach to skincare that addresses the root causes of aging and damage, resulting in radiant, youthful skin.
As we continue to unlock the secrets of nature’s healing powers, innovations like LUNA pave the way for a new era of skincare—one that is grounded in science, yet inspired by the wonders of the natural world. So why wait? Experience the transformative power of LUNA and rediscover the beauty of your skin. | biology |
http://crocodileworld.blogspot.com/2011/11/different-types-of-crocodiles.html | 2018-06-22T09:27:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864387.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622084714-20180622104714-00515.warc.gz | 0.933111 | 677 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__116262838 | en | Large scaly-skinned reptile with a long, low body and short legs. Crocodiles can grow up to 7 m/23 ft in length, and have long, powerful tails that propel them when swimming. They are found near swamps, lakes, and rivers in Asia, Africa, Australia, and Central America. They are fierce hunters and active mainly at night. Young crocodiles eat worms and insects, but as they mature they add frogs and small fish to their diet. Adult crocodiles will attack animals the size of antelopes and, occasionally, people. They can live up to 100 years and are related to the alligator and the smaller cayman.
There are 15 species of crocodile, all of them endangered, found in tropical parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, and Central America. The largest is the saltwater (indopacific) crocodile Crocodylus porosus, which can grow to 7 m/23 ft or more, and is found in eastern India, Australia, and the western Pacific, in both freshwater and saltwater habitats. The Nile crocodile C. niloticus is found in Africa and reaches 6 m/20 ft. The American crocodile C. acutus, about 4.6 m/15 ft long, is found from southern Florida to Ecuador. The gavial, or gharial, Gavialis gangeticus is sometimes placed in a family of its own. It is an Indian species that grows to 6.5 m/21 ft or more, and has a very long narrow snout specialized for capturing and eating fish. The Cuban crocodile C. rhombifer has a short snout, grows up to 3.5 m/11.5 ft, and lives in freshwater swamps in Cuba. Morelet's crocodile C. moreletti is found in Central America, where it is overhunted, and grows up to 3.5 m/11.5 ft. Johnston's crocodile C. johnstoni is an Australian crocodile that feeds mainly on fish and reaches up to 3 m/9.75 ft in length. The Siamese crocodile C. siamensis is found in the wild in Cambodia and Laos. These populations consist of only a few hundred crocodile, making the Siamese one of the most endangered crocodile species. The Philippine crocodile C. mindorensis is found in the Philippine Islands and grows to just under 3 m/9.75 ft. C. palustris is an Indian crocodile resembling the Nile crocodile but smaller, reaching up to 4 m/13 ft. The Orinoco crocodile C. intermedius grows up to 6 m/19.5 ft. Tomistoma schlegelli is found in rivers in India and Indochina and grows up to 4 m/13 ft. The African slender-snouted crocodile C. cataphractus grows up to 4 m/13 ft and is found in western and central Africa. Osteolaemus tetraspis, the dwarf crocodile, reaches only 2 m/6.6 ft in length and is found in the tropical forests of west and central Africa. The New Guinea crocodile C. novaguineae reaches 7 m/23 ft in length. | biology |
https://siliconbeachtx.com/marijuana-detox/ | 2023-12-01T03:47:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100264.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201021234-20231201051234-00090.warc.gz | 0.950301 | 744 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__91295132 | en | Marijuana is one of the most commonly used drug in the world. There is a growing gap between the latest scientific studies about marijuana and the myths surrounding it. Some people think that as it is legalized in some places, then it must be safe. But your body does not distinguish between a legalized drug and an illicit drug. It only feels the effect that the drug creates after you have used it. Marijuana comes from the hemp plant, and the drug-containing part is found mostly in the flowers, or bud. There are over 400 chemicals contained in marijuana. The chemical that causes intoxication or the “high” in users is called THC (abbreviation for tetrahydrocannabinol). THC creates the mind-altering effects, which characterizes marijuana as a “drug.” Intoxicating literally means “poisoning by putting a toxic substance inside your body”. Any substance that intoxicates causes changes in body and mind. It can create addiction and/or dependency, making the person want to use this drug even if it harmful to them. It may be that you have heard someone say that because marijuana is a plant, it is “natural”, therefore, harmless. However, this information happens to be inaccurate. Also, burning dried leaves and flower buds and inhaling the smoke is not “natural” and as in the case of smoking cigarettes, can be harmful to the body. After marijuana usage, THC – the primary psychoactive drug ingredient – can remain in the body for up to several months. The duration that THC (or its metabolites – chemical compounds produced to eliminate the drug from the body) can stay in the system varies according to the person and depends on numerous health and lifestyle factors.
- Metabolism– Metabolism plays an important role in determining the rate of metabolism and expulsion of THC from the system. All have a different rate of metabolism, which is determined by height, weight, sex, physical activity level, and genetics.
- Body fat– THC builds up in the fat cells. This means that after use, it becomes more densely concentrated in fatty organs – such as the brain, ovaries, and testes. THC metabolites can be detected in body fat for up to one month after ingestion and exercise releases the THC into the blood stream.
- Frequency of use– The frequency with which you use marijuana helps determine the extent of your detectable period. Because THC and metabolites remain in the body even after their effects have passed, frequent use will cause levels of these chemicals to accumulate, eventually remaining at a high rate. Thus, addicted users will often test positive for longer than those who smoke occasionally if they both stop using marijuana at the same time.
- Potency– The potency of marijuana also affects how long the drug remains in the body. Strong marijuana – that is, marijuana with a high level of THC – will remain in the body longer than one of lower quality.
- Exercises and lifestyle– The frequency of exercise is known to affect ones’ THC level – although little is known precisely “how” such exercises affect that level.
The detoxification symptoms from marijuana vary from each person and they can cause serious discomfort. The most common withdrawal symptoms for a chronic user are insomnia, depression, and feeling of anger. Other symptoms include decrease in sex drive, anxiety, headaches, nausea, restlessness, cravings for marijuana, and poor appetite. Using and abusing this drug can cause serious problems just like any other drug and should be dealt with the same way as any other addiction. For more info on drug and alcohol treatment be sure to contact us with any inquiries. | biology |
https://testrxplus.home.blog/ingredients/ | 2021-09-21T16:23:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057225.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20210921161350-20210921191350-00535.warc.gz | 0.910549 | 713 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__60986299 | en | TestRX Ingredients, What’s in TestRX
ZMA (Zinc Monomethionine Aspartate, Magnesium Aspartate, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
ZMA is a major muscle booster. A 2000 study found it increased HGH and testosterone, both of which help muscle growth and athletic performance, in NCAA football players after just seven weeks. ZMA might also help your immune system and energy levels. We’ve barely scratched the surface on this exciting combination.
Fenugreek Seed Extract (50% Saponins) – 300 Mg Per Serving
Fenugreek may help you bust fat. It’s an Indian herb that’s rich in a compound called 4-hydroxyisoleucine. A 2010 study found it helped male volunteers lower their body fat and boost their testosterone and bioavailability. Your libido might like it, too. In a 2011 study, they discovered that fenugreek boosted arousal and libido in guys without erectile dysfunction.
Vitamin D3 – 1,140 IU Per Serving
A 2011 study of 165 volunteers found vitamin D3 boosted total bioactive and free testosterone by almost 25% when supplemented for a year. “The Sunshine Vitamin” supports a variety of essential functions from calcium absorption to boosting testosterone, with the latter being important for muscle development.
Viyamin K2 (MK4) – 20 MCG Per Serving
Vitamin K is a group of compounds, of which K2 is especially important. Vitamin K2 appears to help reduce bone loss, stabilize testosterone levels, and may help the cardiovascular system, as well, all of which helps in the weight room.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCL) – 5 Mg Per Serving
A 1984 study suggests Vitamin B6 influences testosterone and other steroid hormones, most likely by recycling receptors from the nucleus to cytosol after initial translocation. The English version is that it seems to tell the testes to make more testosterone. Vitamin B6 may also influence estrogen levels, which contributes to the complex dance of your hormones and wellness.
Magnesium (Magnesium Aspartate) – 200 Mg Per Serving
The next time you’re tempted to put back an energy drink, try magnesium instead. A 1998 study revealed that this second most common electrolyte in the body helped triathletes significantly reduce their time to swim, run and bike long distances, with no rest in between. It’s also linked to higher testosterone and physical strength.
Zinc (Zinc Monomethionine) – 10 Mg Per Serving
Zinc may help preserve your testosterone. A 2006 study found exhausted wrestlers who supplemented with zinc preserved their testosterone and athletic performance. It may help your virility, too. In a 1981 study of men with low testosterone, they took zinc and recovered their sexual performance.
D-Aspartic Acid – 2300 Mg Per Serving
D Aspartic Acid (D-AA) is a powerful testosterone booster. It helps testosterone synthesis, primarily in the central brain, where it stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (HGH), which tells the testes to make more testosterone. That’s supported by a 2009 study, which found D-AA boosted testosterone in 20 out of 23 guys by up to 43% after just 12 days.
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https://cpdsingapore.com/product/plant-parts-and-functions/ | 2023-12-11T09:51:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103810.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211080606-20231211110606-00112.warc.gz | 0.931998 | 386 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__261834648 | en | This pack contains 22 flashcards. You will receive a PDF digital file for download after purchase.
Plants play an important role in our daily lives and it’s essential for children to learn about them at an early age. From the food we eat to the air we breathe, plants have a significant impact on our well-being. As a parent or teacher, you can make learning about plants both fun and interactive for kids by using flashcards.
Flashcards are a simple yet effective tool that helps children learn and retain information in a fun and engaging way. By using flashcards, you can make learning about plant parts and functions an interactive and enjoyable experience for kids. With colorful illustrations and clear labeling, flashcards help kids identify different parts of plants, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, and understand their functions.
The use of flashcards is a great way to encourage kids to take an active role in learning about plants. As kids flip through the cards, they can test their knowledge by matching the part with its function or identifying the different parts of a plant. This interactive approach makes learning about plants an enjoyable and memorable experience for kids.
In addition, flashcards are a convenient tool for busy parents and teachers. They can easily be stored and taken on-the-go, making it easy to squeeze in some plant learning anytime, anywhere. Whether it’s at home, in the park, or on a trip, flashcards provide a simple and portable way to learn about plants.
In conclusion, flashcards are a fun and interactive way to teach kids about plant parts and functions. With colorful illustrations and clear labeling, they help kids understand the important role that plants play in our daily lives and encourage an active learning experience. So, why not get a set of flashcards today and start your child on a journey of learning about the fascinating world of plants! | biology |
https://virati.icu/article/gluconeogenesis-toskana-diaet | 2023-05-29T11:17:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644855.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230529105815-20230529135815-00522.warc.gz | 0.885684 | 10,666 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__257696774 | en | Glukoneogeneseit is a pathway leading to the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate and other non-carbohydrate precursors, even in non-photosynthetic organisms.
It is found in all microorganisms, fungi, plants and animals and the reactions are essentially the same, leading to the synthesis of one molecule of glucose from two molecules of pyruvate. That's essentially how it isGlycolysisvice versa, which instead goes from glucose to pyruvate and shares seven enzymes with it.
Glukogenolysediffers greatly from gluconeogenesis: it does not lead toonce againProduction of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors as shown by their general response:
Glycogen or (glucose)Norte→ n Glucose molecules
The following discussion focuses on the gluconeogenesis that occurs in higher animals and particularly in the mammalian liver.
- Why is gluconeogenesis important?
- Where does gluconeogenesis take place?
- Irreversible stages of gluconeogenesis
- From pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate
- Phosphoenolpyruvate precursors: pyruvate or alanine
- Phosphoenolpyruvate precursor: lactate
- From fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate
- From glucose-6-phosphate to glucose
- Gluconeogenesis: energetically expensive
- From pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate
- Coordinated regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis.
- Regulation der Gluconeogenese
- PFK-1, FBPase-1 and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
- PEP carboxiquinasa
- Regulation der Gluconeogenese
- Precursors of gluconeogenesis
- glucogenic amino acids
- Ketogenic Amino Acids
Why is gluconeogenesis important?
Gluconeogenesis is an essential metabolic pathway for at least two reasons.
- Ensures the maintenance of a reasonableblood sugar levelsif the liverGlycogenis almost sold out and nocarbohydratesYou will be taken.
- It is important to keep blood glucose within the normal range of 3.3 to 5.5 mmol/L (60 and 99 mg/dL) because many cells and tissues are highly or completely dependent on glucose for their ATP -to meet needs; Examples are red blood cells, neurons, skeletal muscles working in oxygen-poor conditions, renal medulla, testes, eye lens and cornea, and embryonic tissues. For example, the brain's glucose requirement is about 120 g/day, which corresponds to:
more than 50% of the whole body stores the monosaccharide, about 210 g, of which 190 g is stored in the liver andMuscle glycogen, and 20 g are found freely in body fluids;
about 75% of the daily requirement for glucose, about 160 g.
During fasting, between meals, or overnight, blood glucose levels remain in the normal range due to hepatic glycogenolysis and the release offatty acidsof adipose tissue and ketone bodies by the liver.fatty acidsand ketone bodies are preferentially utilized by skeletal muscle, thereby sparing glucose for glucose-dependent cells and tissues, primarily red blood cells and neurons. After about 18 hours of fasting or during intense and prolonged physical activityGlycogenReserves are exhausted and may no longer be sufficient. At this point, gluconeogenesis becomes important when carbohydrates are not ingested.
And the importance of gluconeogenesis is underscored by the fact that unconsciousness occurs at blood glucose levels below 2 mmol/L.
- Excretion of pyruvate would result in loss of ability to produce ATP through aerobic respiration, i.e. more than 10 molecules of ATP for every molecule of oxidized pyruvate.
Where does gluconeogenesis take place?
In higher animals, gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver, renal cortex, and epithelial cells of the small intestine, i. H. the enterocytes.
Quantitatively, the liver is the main site of gluconeogenesis, accounting for about 90% of synthesized glucose, followed by the renal cortex with about 10%. The liver's fundamental role is based on its size; In fact, based on wet weight, the renal cortex produces more glucose than the liver.
In the renal cortex, gluconeogenesis occurs in the cells of the proximal tubule, the part of the nephron that immediately follows the glomerulus. Much of the glucose produced in the kidney is utilized by the renal medulla, while the kidney's role in maintaining blood sugar levels becomes more important during prolonged fasting and liver failure. However, it must be emphasized that the kidneys, unlike the liver, do not have any significant glycogen stores and only contribute to maintaining blood sugar homeostasis through gluconeogenesis and not through glycogenolysis.
Part of the gluconeogenetic pathway also occurs in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and the brain, albeit to a very small extent. In adults, the muscle weighs about 18 times that of the liver; so yoursonce againGlucose synthesis can be of quantitative importance. However, the release of glucose into the circulation does not occur because, unlike the liver, renal cortex, and enterocytes, these tissues lack glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 188.8.131.52), an enzyme that catalyzes the final step in glucose circulation. (See below). .
Therefore, the production of glucose-6-phosphate, including glycogenolysis, does not contribute to the maintenance of blood sugar levels and only helps to replenish glycogen stores, which are small in the brain and mainly limited to astrocytes. For these tissues, particularly skeletal muscle due to its large mass, the contribution to blood glucose homeostasis arises only from the small amount of glucose released in the reaction catalyzed by enzymatic debranching (EC 184.108.40.206) of glycogenolysis .
In terms of cellular localization, most of the reactions take place in the cytosol, some in the mitochondria, and the final step) within the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae.
Irreversible stages of gluconeogenesis
As stated above, gluconeogenesis is essentially reverse glycolysis. And of the ten reactions that make up gluconeogenesis, seven are shared with glycolysis; These reactions have a ΔG close to zero and are therefore easily reversible. However, under intracellular conditions, the total ΔG for glycolysis is about -63 kJ/mol (-15 kcal/mol) and for gluconeogenesis about -16 kJ/mol (-3.83 kcal/mol). are irreversible.
The irreversibility of the glycolysis pathway is due to three highly exergonic reactions that cannot be used in gluconeogenesis, listed below.
- The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate catalyzed by hexokinase (EC 220.127.116.11) or glucokinase (EC 18.104.22.168).
ΔG = -33,4 kJ/mol (-8 kcal/mol)
ΔG°' = -16,7 kJ/mol (-4 kcal/mol)
- Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-1 or PFK-1 (EC 22.214.171.124)
ΔG = -22,2 kJ/mol (-5,3 kcal/mol)
ΔG°' = -14,2 kJ/mol (-3,4 kcal/mol)
- The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate or PEP to pyruvate catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (EC 126.96.36.199)
ΔG = -16,7 kJ/mol (-4,0 kcal/mol)
ΔG°' = -31,4 kJ/mol (-7,5 kcal/mol)
In gluconeogenesis, these three steps are bypassed by enzymes that catalyze irreversible steps towards glucose synthesis: this ensures the irreversibility of the metabolic pathway.
These reactions are discussed below.
From pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate
The first step in gluconeogenesis that bypasses an irreversible step in glycolysis, i. H. the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase is the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate.
Phosphoenolpyruvate is synthesized by two reactions catalyzed by enzymes in this order:
- Pyruvatcarboxylase (EC 188.8.131.52);
- Phosphoenolpyruvat-Carboxykinase oder PEP-Carboxykinase (EC 184.108.40.206).
Pyruvat → Oxalacetat → Phosphoenolpyruvat
Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate using ATP. The enzyme requires the presence of magnesium or manganese ions.
Pyruvate + HCO3–+ ATP → Oxalacetat + ADP + PEU
Discovered by Merton Utter in 1960, the enzyme is a mitochondrial protein composed of four identical subunits, each with catalytic activity. The subunits contain a biotin prosthetic group covalently attached through an amide bond to the ε-amino group of a lysine residue, which acts as a carrier for activated CO.2during the reaction. An allosteric binding site for acetyl-CoA is also present on each subunit.
It should be noted that the pyruvate carboxylase catalyzed reaction leading to the production of oxaloacetate also provides intermediates for the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is present in approximately equal amounts in the mitochondria and cytosol of hepatocytes. Isoenzymes are encoded by separate nuclear genes.
The enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate in a reaction in which GTP acts as a high-energy phosphate donor. PEP carboxykinase requires the presence of magnesium and manganese ions. The reaction is reversible under normal cell conditions.
Oxalacetat + GTP ⇄ PEP + CO2+ BIP
This reaction produces CO2the same molecule that is added to pyruvate in the pyruvate carboxylase catalyzed reaction is removed. The carboxylation-decarboxylation sequence is used to activate pyruvate since decarboxylation of oxaloacetate facilitates the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate, making it thermodynamically viable.
More generally, the carboxylation-decarboxylation sequence strongly promotes endergonic reactions and also occurs in the citric acid cycle wherevia pentose phosphate, also called the hexose monophosphate pathway, and in the synthesis of fatty acids.
PEP carboxykinase levels are very low before birth, while their activity increases many-fold a few hours after birth. Because of this, gluconeogenesis is activated after birth.
The sum of the reactions catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is:
Pyruvat + ATP + GTP + HCO3–→ PEP + ADP + PIB + PEU+CO2
ΔG°' of the reaction is equal to 0.9 kJ/mol (0.2 kcal/mol), while the standard free energy change associated with the formation of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate by the kinase inversion of the pyruvate reaction is +31.4 kJ /mol (7.5 kcal/mol). Wart).
Although ΔG°' of the two steps leading to the formation of PEP from pyruvate is slightly positive, the actual free energy change (ΔG) calculated from the intracellular concentrations of the intermediates is strongly negative, -25 kJ/mol ( - 6 kcal/mol). This is due to the rapid consumption of phosphoenolpyruvate in other reactions, keeping its concentration at very low levels. Therefore, the synthesis of PEP from pyruvate is irreversible under cellular conditions.
It is important to note that the metabolic pathway for the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate depends on the precursor: pyruvate or alanine or lactate.
Phosphoenolpyruvate precursors: pyruvate or alanine
The shunt responses described below are predominant when the glucogenic precursor is alanine or pyruvate.
Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme, therefore pyruvate must be transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. This is mediated by transporters located in the inner mitochondrial membrane called MPC1 and MPC2. ThisProteinWhen associated, they form a hetero-oligomer that facilitates the transport of pyruvate.
Pyruvate can also be produced from alanine in the mitochondrial matrix by transamination in the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase (EC 220.127.116.11), while the amino group is then converted to urea via the urea cycle.
Since the enzymes involved in the final stages of gluconeogenesis, with the exception of glucose-6-phosphatase, are cytosolic, oxaloacetate produced in the mitochondrial matrix is transported to the cytosol. However, there are no oxaloacetate transporters in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The passage to the cytosol occurs as a result of its reduction to malate, which, on the contrary, can pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane. The reaction is catalyzed by mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (EC 18.104.22.168), an enzyme also involved in the citric acid cycle where the reaction occurs in reverse. In the reaction, NADH is oxidized to NAD.+.
Oxalacetat + NADH + H+⇄ Malate + NAD+
Although the ΔG°' of the reaction is highly positive, under physiological conditions the ΔG is close to zero and the reaction is easily reversible.
Malate crosses the inner mitochondrial membrane via a component of the malate-aspartate shuttle, the malate-α-ketoglutamate transporter. Once in the cytosol, malate is reoxidized to oxaloacetate in the reaction catalyzed by cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. In this NAD reaction+reduces NADH.
Malate + NAD+→ Oxalacetat + NADH + H+
Note: The malate-aspartate shuttle is the most active shuttle for transporting reducing NADH equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondria. It is found in the mitochondria of the liver, kidneys and heart.
The reaction allows for the transport of mitochondrial reducing equivalents in the form of NADH into the cytosol. This transfer is necessary for gluconeogenesis because in the cytosol NADH, oxidized in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 22.214.171.124), occurs in very low concentrations with a [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio equals 8×10-4, about 100,000 times smaller than that observed in mitochondria.
Finally, oxaloacetate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate in the reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxykinase.
Phosphoenolpyruvate precursor: lactate
Lactate is one of the most important gluconeogenic precursors. It is made for example by:
- red blood cells, which depend entirely on anaerobic glycolysis for ATP production;
- Skeletal muscle during intense physical activity, d. H. under oxygen starved conditions when the rate of glycolysis exceeds the rate of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
If lactate is the gluconeogenic precursor, PEP synthesis occurs via a different pathway than previously seen. In the cytosol of NAD hepatocytes+the concentration is high and lactate is oxidized to pyruvate in the reaction catalyzed by the hepatic isoenzyme lactate dehydrogenase (EC 126.96.36.199). In the NAD reaction+reduces NADH.
Lactate + NAD+→ Pyruvate + NADH + H+
Production of cytosolic NADH obviates the need for export of reducing equivalents from mitochondria.
Pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to be converted to oxaloacetate in the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase. In mitochondria, oxaloacetate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate in the reaction catalyzed by mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase. Phosphoenolpyruvate leaves the mitochondria via an anion transporter located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and, once in the cytosol, continues on the pathway of gluconeogenesis.
Note: The synthesis of glucose from lactate can be considered part of theChoriclusthat occurs in the liver.
From fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate
The second step in gluconeogenesis, bypassing an irreversible step in the glycolysis pathway, ie the reaction catalyzed by PFK-1, is the dephosphorylation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.
This reaction, catalyzed by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase or FBPasi-1 (EC 188.8.131.52), a Mg2+Dependent enzyme located in cytosol leads to hydrolysis of C-1-phosphate from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, without ATP production.
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat + H2O → Fructose-6-Phosphate + PEU
The ΔG°' of the reaction is -16.3 kJ/mol (-3.9 kcal/mol), so it is an irreversible reaction.
From glucose-6-phosphate to glucose
The third step in gluconeogenesis, which bypasses an irreversible step in the glycolysis pathway, ie the reaction catalyzed by hexokinase or glucokinase, is the dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose.
This reaction is catalyzed by the catalytic subunit of glucose-6-phosphatase, a protein complex found in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of hepatocytes, enterocytes and renal proximal tubular cells. The glucose-6-phosphatase complex consists of a glucose-6-phosphate catalytic subunit and a glucose-6-phosphate transporter called glucose-6-phosphate translocase or T1.
The catalytic subunit of glucose-6-phosphatase has its active site on the luminal side of the organelle. That is, the enzyme catalyzes the release of glucose not into the cytosol but into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Glucose-6-phosphate is localized both from gluconeogenesis arising in the reaction catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase or phosphoglucose isomerase (EC 184.108.40.206) and from glycogenolysis arising in that catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase Reaction (EC 220.127.116.11) arises. . . . in the cytosol and must enter the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum to be dephosphorylated. Its transport is mediated by glucose-6-phosphate translocase.
The catalytic subunit of glucose-6-phosphatase, a Mg2+As an enzyme-dependent enzyme, it catalyzes the final step in both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. And like the reaction catalyzed by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, this reaction results in the hydrolysis of a phosphate ester.
Glucose-6-Phosphat + H2O → Glucose + PEU
It should also be noted that due to the orientation of the active site, the cell separates this enzymatic activity from the cytosol, preventing the glycolysis taking place in the cytosol from being terminated by the enzymatic action on glucose-6-phosphate.
The ΔG°' of the reaction is -13.8 kJ/mol (-3.3 kcal/mol), so it is an irreversible reaction. Conversely, if the reaction were instead catalyzed by hexokinase/glucokinase, transfer of a phosphate group from glucose-6-phosphate to ADP would be required. Such a reaction would have a ΔG of +33.4 kJ/mol (+8 kcal/mol) and would therefore be strongly endergonic. Similar considerations can be made for the FBPase-1 catalyzed reaction.
glucose and PEUThe group appears to be transported to the cytosol by different transporters termed T2 and T3, the latter being an anion transporter.
Finally, glucose leaves the hepatocytes via the GLUT2 membrane transporter, enters the bloodstream, and is transported to the tissues that need it. In contrast, under physiological conditions, as mentioned above, the glucose produced by the kidney is mainly used by the renal medulla.
Gluconeogenesis: energetically expensive
As with glycolysis, much of the energy consumed is consumed in the irreversible phases of the process.
Six high-energy phosphate bonds are consumed: two by GTP and four by ATP. In addition, two molecules of NADH are required for the reduction of two molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The oxidation of NADH causes the lack of production of 5 ATP molecules, which are synthesized when the electrons of the reduced coenzyme are used in oxidative phosphorylation.
Furthermore, these energetic considerations show that gluconeogenesis is not simply reverse glycolysis, in which case it would require the consumption of two molecules of ATP, as shown by the general glycolysis equation.
Glukose + 2 ADP + 2 PEU+ 2 NAD+→ 2 Pyruvato + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H++ 2 hours2Ö
Here is the general equation for gluconeogenesis:
2 Pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 GTP + 2 NADH++ 2 hours++ 4 hours2O → Glukose + 4 ADP + 2 BIP + 6 PEU+ 2 NAD+
At least in the liver, the ATP needed for gluconeogenesis comes primarily from the oxidation of fatty acids or the carbon skeletons of amino acids, depending on the "fuel" available.
Coordinated regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis.
If glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were active simultaneously at high rates in the same cell, the only products would be ATP consumption and heat production, particularly in the irreversible steps of both pathways, and nothing else.
For example, considering PFK-1 and FBPasi-1:
ATP + Fructose-6-phosphate → ADP + Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat + H2O → Fructose-6-Phosphate + PEU
The sum of the two reactions is:
ATP + H2O → ADP + PEU+ heat
Two reactions occurring simultaneously in opposite directions result in a waste cycle or substrate cycle. These seemingly pointless cycles allow for the regulation of opposing metabolic pathways. In fact, different enzymes are involved in a substrate cycle, at least two whose activity can be regulated separately. Such regulation would not be possible if a single enzyme acts in both directions. The activity of the enzymes involved is modulated by:
- allosteric mechanisms;
- covalent modifications such as phosphorylation and dephosphorylation;
- Changes in the concentration of the enzymes involved due to changes in their synthesis/degradation ratio.
Allosteric mechanisms are very fast and immediately reversible, occurring within milliseconds. The others, triggered by signals from outside the cell, such as hormones such as insulin, glucagon, or epinephrine, occur on a time scale of seconds or minutes, and hours with changes in enzyme concentration.
This allows coordinated regulation of the two pathways and ensures that when pyruvate enters gluconeogenesis, the flow of glucose through the glycolytic pathway is slowed and vice versa.
Regulation der Gluconeogenese
The regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis involves the unique enzymes of each pathway, not the common ones.
While the main checkpoints of glycolysis are the reactions catalyzed by PFK-1 and pyruvate kinase, the main checkpoints of gluconeogenesis are the reactions catalyzed by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase.
The other two enzymes unique to gluconeogenesis, glucose-6-phosphatase and PEP-carboxykinase, are regulated at the transcriptional level.
In mitochondria, pyruvate can be converted into:
- Acetyl-CoA, in reactions catalyzed byPyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, reaction linking glycolysis to the Krebs cycle;
- Oxaloacetate, in the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase to continue the gluconeogenesis pathway.
The metabolic fate of pyruvate depends on the availability of acetyl-CoA, ie the availability of fatty acids in the mitochondria.
When fatty acids are available, their β-oxidation leads to the production of acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle and leads to the production of GTP and NADH. When the cell's energy needs are met, oxidative phosphorylation decreases, [NADH]/[NAD+] increases, NADH inhibits the citric acid cycle, and acetyl-CoA accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. Acetyl-CoA is a positive allosteric effector of pyruvate carboxylase and a negative allosteric effector of pyruvate kinase. In addition, it inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex both through feedback inhibition and through phosphorylation through activation of a specific kinase.
This means that when the cell is subjected to a high energy load, the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate decreases, while the conversion of pyruvate to glucose is stimulated. Therefore, acetyl-CoA is a molecule that indicates that no further oxidation of glucose is required for energy production and that glucogenic precursors can be used for glucose synthesis and storage.
On the other hand, when acetyl-CoA levels fall, the activity of pyruvate kinase and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex increases, and with it the flux of metabolites through the citric acid cycle. This supplies energy to the cell.
In summary, when the cell is under high energy load, pyruvate carboxylase is active since the first checkpoint of gluconeogenesis determines the fate of pyruvate in the mitochondria.
The second important control point in gluconeogenesis is the reaction catalyzed by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. The enzyme is allosterically inhibited by AMP. When AMP levels are high and consequently ATP levels are low, gluconeogenesis decreases. This means that, as seen above, FBPase-1 is active when the cell's energy load is high enough to support itonce againGlukosesynthese.
In contrast, PFK-1, the corresponding glycolytic enzyme, is allosterically activated by AMP and ADP and allosterically inhibited by ATP and citrate, the latter as a result of the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. For this reason:
- when AMP levels are high, gluconeogenesis decreases and glycolysis accelerates;
- When ATP levels are high, or when acetyl-CoA or citrate are present in sufficient concentrations, gluconeogenesis is promoted while glycolysis is slowed.
Elevated levels of citrate indicate that citric acid cycle activity may be decreasing; In this way, pyruvate can be used in the synthesis of glucose.
PFK-1, FBPase-1 and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
The liver plays a key role in maintaining blood sugar homeostasis: this requires regulatory mechanisms that coordinate the consumption and production of glucose. Two hormones are mainly involved: glucagon and insulin. They act intracellularly through fructose-2,6-bisphosphate or F2,6BP, an allosteric effector of PFK-1 and FBPase-1. This molecule is structurally related to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate but is not an intermediate in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis.
It was discovered in 1980 by Emile Van Schaftingen and Henri-Gery Hers as a potent activator of PFK-1. The following year, the same researchers showed that it is also a potent FBPase-1 inhibitor.
When fructose-2,6-bisphosphate binds to the allosteric site of PFK-1, it decreases the enzyme's affinity for ATP and citrate, allosteric inhibitors, while increasing the enzyme's affinity for fructose-6-phosphate, its substrate PFK- 1 is practically inactive in the absence of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and in the presence of physiological concentrations of ATP, fructose-6-phosphate, and the allosteric effectors AMP, ATP, and citrate. On the other hand, the presence of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates PFK-1 and thus stimulates glycolysis in hepatocytes. At the same time, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate delays gluconeogenesis by inhibiting fructose-1,6-bisphosphate even in the absence of AMP. However, the effects of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and AMP on FBPase-1 activity are synergistic.
The concentration of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is regulated by the relative rates of synthesis and breakdown. It is synthesized from fructose-6-phosphate in the reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-2 or PFK-2 (EC 18.104.22.168) and to fructose-6-phosphate in the reaction catalyzed by fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase or FBPasi-2 hydrolyzed (EC 22.214.171.124). These two enzyme activities reside in a single bifunctional enzyme or tandem enzyme. In the liver, the balance of these two enzyme activities is regulated by insulin and glucagon, as described below.
It's released into the system when blood sugar levels drop, signaling the liver to increase and decrease the use of glucose for its own needsonce againSynthesis of glucose and its release from glycogen stores.
After binding to specific membrane receptors, glucagon stimulates hepatic adenylate cyclase (EC 126.96.36.199) to synthesize 3',5'-cyclic AMP or cAMP, which activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase A or PKA (EC188.8.131.52). ). The kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of a specific serine residue (Ser32) of PFK-2/FBPase-2. As a result of phosphorylation, phosphatase activity increases while kinase activity decreases. This reduction due to the increase in KMetrofructose-6-phosphate causes a decrease in fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels, which in turn inhibits glycolysis and stimulates gluconeogenesis. Therefore, in response to glucagon, the liver produces more glucose, allowing the organ to counteract the drop in blood sugar levels.
Note: Like adrenaline, glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis by also increasing the availability of substrates such as glycerol and amino acids.
After binding to specific membrane receptors, insulin activates a protein phosphatase, phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A or PP2A, which catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from PFK-2/FBPase-2, thereby increasing PFK-2 activity and decreasing PFK-2 activity. 2nd -2 activity. (At the same time, insulin also stimulates a cAMP phosphodiesterase, which hydrolyzes cAMP to AMP.) This increases the level of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, which in turn inhibits gluconeogenesis and stimulates glycolysis.
In addition, fructose-6-phosphate allosterically inhibits FBPase-2 and activates PFK-2. It should be noted that the activities of PFK-2 and FBPase-2 are inhibited by their reaction products. However, the main effectors are the level of fructose-6-phosphate and the phosphorylation state of the enzyme.
In contrast to pyruvate carboxylase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, the catalytic subunit of glucose-6-phosphatase is not subject to allosteric or covalent regulation. Its activity is modulated at the transcriptional level. Low blood sugar and glucagon, that is, factors that lead to increased glucose production, and glucocorticoids stimulate their synthesis, which, on the contrary, is inhibited by insulin.
Also the k.Metrofor glucose-6-phosphate is significantly larger than the range of physiological concentrations for glucose-6-phosphate itself. Therefore, it is said that the activity of the enzyme depends almost linearly on the concentration of the substrate, ie the enzyme is controlled by the substrate level.
The enzyme is mainly regulated at the level of synthesis and degradation. For example, high levels of glucagon or fasting increase protein production, stabilize your mRNA, and increase your transcription rate. Elevated levels of glucose or insulin in the blood have adverse effects.
Xylulose-5-phosphate, a product of the pentose phosphate pathway, is a recently discovered regulatory molecule. Stimulates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis by controlling fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in the liver.
If the blood sugar level rises, e.g. After a carbohydrate-rich meal, activation of the glycolysis and hexose monophosphate pathways in the liver occurs. The xylulose-5-phosphate produced activates protein phosphatase 2A which, as indicated above, dephosphorylates PFK-2/FBPase-2, inhibits FBPase-2 and stimulates PFK-2. This leads to an increase in the concentration of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and then to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and stimulation of glycolysis, resulting in increased production of acetyl-CoA, the main substrate forLipidSynthesis. At the same time, there is increased flux through the hexose monophosphate shunt, resulting in the production of NADPH, a source of electrons forLipidSynthesis. Finally, PP2A also dephosphorylates carbohydrate-sensitive element-binding protein, or ChREBP, a transcription factor that activates expression of liver genes for lipid synthesis. Therefore, in response to an increase in blood sugar levels, lipid synthesis is stimulated.
Therefore, it is clear that xylulose-5-phosphate is an important regulator of carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
Precursors of gluconeogenesis
Besides the already mentioned pyruvate, the main gluconeogenic precursors are lactate, glycerol, most amino acids and in general any compound that can be converted intoPyruvateo Oxalacetat.
Glycerin is released throughLipolysisin adipose tissue. With the exception of propionyl-CoA, it is the only usable part of the lipid moleculeonce againGlucose synthesis in animals.
Glycerol enters gluconeogenesis or glycolysis, depending on the cellular energy load, as dihydroxyacetone phosphate, or DHAP, which is synthesized in two steps.
In the first step, glycerol is phosphorylated to glycerol-3-phosphate in the reaction catalyzed by glycerol kinase (EC 184.108.40.206) using an ATP.
Glycerin + ATP → Glycerin-3-phosphat + ADP + PEU
The enzyme is absent from adipocytes but is present in the liver; This means that glycerol must reach the liver to be further metabolized.
Glycerol-3-phosphate is then oxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate in a reaction catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 220.127.116.11). In this NAD reaction+reduces NADH.
Glycerin-3-phosphat + NAD+⇄ Diidroxiacetona fosfato + NADH + H+
During prolonged fasting, glycerol is the main gluconeogenic precursor, accounting for about 20% of glucose production.
glucogenic amino acids
Pyruvate and oxaloacetate are the gateways for glucogenic amino acids, i.e. those whose carbon skeleton or parts of it can be usedonce againGlukosesynthese.
Amino acids result from the catabolism ofProtein, both from food and from endogenous proteins such as those from skeletal muscle in the fasted state or during intense and prolonged exercise.
The catabolic processes of each of the twenty amino acids that make up proteins converge to form seven major products: acetyl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, oxaloacetate, and pyruvate.
Except acetyl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA, the other five molecules can be used for gluconeogenesis. This means that gluconeogenic amino acids can also be defined as those whose carbon skeleton or parts thereof can be converted into one or more of the above-mentioned molecules.
Entry points for gluconeogenic amino acids are shown below.
- Pyruvate: Alanine, Cysteine, Glycine, Serine, Threonine and Tryptophan.
- Oxaloacetate: aspartate and asparagine.
- α-Ketoglutarate: Glutamate, Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine und Proline.
- Succinyl-CoA: Isoleucin, Methionin, Threonin und Valin.
- Fumarate: phenylalanine and tyrosine.
Citric acid cycle intermediates, α-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA and fumarate enter the gluconeogenic pathway after conversion to oxaloacetate.
The use of the carbon skeletons of amino acids requires the removal of the amino group. Alanine and glutamate, key molecules in the transport of amino groups from extrahepatic tissues to the liver, are the major glucogenic amino acids in mammals. Alanine is the main gluconeogenic substrate in the liver; This amino acid is transported through the muscle liver and other peripheral tissuesGlucose-Alanine Cycle.
Ketogenic Amino Acids
Acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA cannot be used for gluconeogenesis and are precursors to fatty acids and ketone bodies. The stoichiometry of the citric acid cycle makes it clear why they can't get used to itonce againGlukosesynthese.
Acetyl-CoA condenses in the citrate synthase-catalyzed reaction with oxaloacetate to form citrate, a 6-carbon molecule instead of 4 like oxaloacetate. However, although the two carbon atoms of acetyl-CoA become part of the oxaloacetate molecule, two carbon atoms are oxidized and eliminated as CO.2, in reactions catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 18.104.22.168) and the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Therefore, acetyl-CoA creates no net carbon gain for the citric acid cycle.
Furthermore, the reaction leading to the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate and catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which is the bridge between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, is irreversible and there is no other pathway, acetyl-CoA to convert in pyruvate.
Pyruvate + NAD++ CoASH → Acetyl-CoA + NADH + H++C02
For this reason, amino acids whose breakdown produces acetyl-CoA and/or acetoacetyl-CoA are called ketogenic.
Only leucine and lysine are uniquely ketogenic.
Note: Plants, yeast and many bacteria can use acetyl-CoAonce againGlucose synthesis as they possess the glyoxylate cycle. This cycle shares four reactions with the citric acid cycle, two unique enzymes, isocitrate lyase (EC22.214.171.124) and malate synthase (EC 126.96.36.199), but lacks the decarboxylation reactions. Therefore, organisms possessing this pathway can utilize fatty acids for gluconeogenesis.
Five amino acids, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, and tryptophan, are glucogenic and ketogenic because part of their carbon structure can be used for gluconeogenesis while the other gives rise to ketone bodies.
Propionate, a three-carbon fatty acid, is a gluconeogenic precursor because, like propionyl-CoA, the active molecule, it can be converted to succinyl-CoA.
The various sources of propionate are discussed below.
- It can arise from the β-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids such as margaric acid, asaturated fatty acidwith 17 carbon atoms. These fatty acids are rare compared to monochain fatty acids, but they are present in the fatty acid in significant amountsLipidossome marine organisms, ruminants and plants. In the final step of the β-oxidation sequence, the substrate is a five-carbon fatty acid. This means that once oxidized and split into two fragments, it produces acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA.
- Another source is the oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, where alkyl branches have an odd number of carbon atoms. An example is phytanic acid, which is produced in ruminants by the oxidation of phytol, a breakdown product of chlorophyll.
- In ruminants, propionate is also made from glucose. Glucose is released as cellulose is broken down by bacterial cellulase (EC 188.8.131.52) in the rumen, one of the four chambers that make up the stomach of these animals. These microorganisms then ferment to convert glucose into propionate, which after absorption can be used for gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, or for energy.
In ruminants, where gluconeogenesis tends to be a continuous process, propionate is the main gluconeogenic precursor.
- Propionate can also arise from the breakdown of valine, leucine, and isoleucine (see above).
The oxidation of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA involves three reactions that occur in the liver and other tissues.
In the first reaction, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA in the reaction catalyzed by propionyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 184.108.40.206), an enzyme that requires biotin. This reaction consumes one ATP.
Propionyl-CoA + HCO3–+ ATP → D-Methylmalonyl-CoA+ ADP + PEU
In the subsequent reaction, catalyzed by methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (EC 220.127.116.11), D-methylmalonyl-CoA epimerizes to its L-stereoisomer.
D-Methylmalonyl-CoA ⇄ L-Methylmalonyl-CoA
Finally, L-methylmalonyl-CoA undergoes intramolecular rearrangement to succinyl-CoA in the reaction catalyzed by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (EC 18.104.22.168). This enzyme requires 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin or coenzyme B12, a derivative of cobalamin or vitamin B12, as a coenzyme.
L-Methylmalonyl-CoA ⇄ Succinyl-CoA
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- Kuriyama H. and all. Coordinated regulation of lipid-specific and liver-specific glycerol channels, lipid aquaporin and aquaporin 9. Diabetes 2002;51(10):2915-2921. make:10.2337/diabetes.51.10.2915
- McCommis KS and Finck B.N. Mitochondrial pyruvate transport: a historical perspective and future lines of research. Biochem J. 2015;466(3):443-454. dependency:10.1042/BJ20141171
- Nelson D.L., M.M. Cox M.M. Lehninger. principles of biochemistry. 6th edition. WH Freeman and Company, 2012
- Rosenthal M.D., Glew R.H. Medicinal Biochemistry: The Human Metabolism in Health and Disease. John Wiley J. & Sons, Inc., publication, 2009
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- Van Schaftingen E, Jett MF, Hue L and Hers HG. Control of hepatic 6-phosphofructokinase by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and other effectors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981;78(6):3483-3486. make:10.1073/pnas.78.6.3483 | biology |
https://adeward.co.uk/the-reptilian-brain/ | 2018-09-24T15:47:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160568.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924145620-20180924170020-00045.warc.gz | 0.944469 | 589 | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-39__0__44434490 | en | Neuro Marketing Part One
Have you ever wondered why you notice some adverts and not others?
The reptilian brain is thought to be the oldest evolutionary area and sits in the centre surrounded by the Limbic System and Neocortex. Our basic instinctive systems are stored in the reptilian brain. It passes messages to the limbic part of the brain, stating if it is hungry, cold, hot, thirsty, in pain, happy, sad, if it should be aggressive, submissive, or sexually aroused. The limbic brain controls messages in and out of the reptilian brain so that we are protected from the reptilian instincts. The limbic brain is responsible for pleasure, and pain.
Why might this information be useful to people working in the copywriting or marketing industries?
Knowing how people react to things and how to make a connection with them will give you a better chance of influencing their decisions, or thoughts. Connecting with a person’s reptilian brain can be done through making them angry, aggressive, or sexually aroused. If you think about the advertisements that are promoted by large marketing companies, they often use images that connect with the reptilian brain. Sexually alluring female and male models, promises of improving your ability to attract a sexual mate, pictures of food designed to trigger your need for tasty food.
The reptilian brain is responsive to images, one reason for this is that the optic nerve connects right into this area of the brain. This does not mean that the reptilian brain only responds to images, written words can create an image in the mind that is just as strong as visual stimulation.
Many marketers use target the reptilian brain as it is easy to fool and it connects with our primal desires. Look at the image below, do you see a spiral or circles?
Your reptilian brain is telling you that you’re seeing a spiral, but the reality is that you are looking at several circles.
So, as a content writer, or marketer, here are a few things you should know about the reptilian brain :
- Your reptilian brain is self-centred, it’s all about YOU!
- It’s always on, if you want to get something noticed then use images or words that connect with the reptilian brain. Sex, food, aggression, fear…
- It controls your routines and habits
- It connects with the emotional brain
- Instinct and arousal are linked to the reptilian brain
- Desire and need are often stronger motivating factors than logic
If you want to produce content that converts and influences your audience then try to connect with their reptilian brain. You might be pleasantly surprised how influential it can be.
Further information on neuromarketing will be added to the blog very soon, so keep checking back, or add your name to the subscription list. | biology |
https://www.cfbi.com/Events/organisation/microcaps/ | 2022-05-18T01:09:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662520936.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517225809-20220518015809-00084.warc.gz | 0.919336 | 108 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__176382703 | en | We enable laboratory precision at high volume throughput
Making sure that drugs are released in the affected part of the body and at a specific rate is a huge challenge, because the size of the capsules that deliver these active ingredients is uncontrollable. At Microcaps we developed a patented technology that enables the size control of these microcapsules with Swiss precision, hence they all behave exactly the same. This means we can directly tailor and predict the release profile of a drug. Our solution is also highly relevant for fragrances, flavors and probiotics. | biology |
https://climax.city/2012/07/ | 2023-06-09T11:04:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656675.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609100535-20230609130535-00354.warc.gz | 0.96312 | 413 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__180311251 | en | Not so long ago a friend of mine, Paul Bower came across a second hand copy of a book by Desmond Morris called the Human Zoo. Written in 1969 it is a book that reflect’s his generations misgivings about cities. The central premise of the book is that the human animal evolved to live in hunter-gatherer groups of around 60 people. This extended family group would need around 20 square miles to support its needs. Today the same area could accommodate a city of 6 million people crammed together in a way that human are unable to cope with. This, he argues, is not natural and it is hardly surprising that some people in cities act a little strangely. Indeed Morris equates this strange behaviour to the compulsive traits exhibited by many animals when they are confined in zoos; mental health disorders, sexual perversion, violence etc… Hence in Morris’s eyes the modern city is the human zoo.
However the books conclusion is not entirely negative. Morris suggests that the remarkable aspect of city living is that most of us don’t exhibit this compulsive behaviour. We have moved from living with 59 neighbours to 5,999,999 in the blick of an evolutionary eye and have coped extremely well. As he says; “The least experienced zoo director would never contemplate cramming and cramping a group of animals to the extent that man has crammed and cramped himself into his modern cities and towns. By all the rules the human zoo should be a screaming madhouse… cynics may argue that this is indeed the case, but plainly it is not. …aberrant behaviour is startling, not for its existence but for its rarity”.
Indeed Morris goes on to argue that the secret to human success as a species is that we actually thrive on these conditions: “Just as colonies of nesting seabirds are reproductively aroused by massing in dense breeding communities, so the human animal is intellectually aroused by massing in dense urban communities. They are breeding colonies of human ideas.” | biology |
https://centerofsurgeons.com/gynecomastia/ | 2023-10-01T02:35:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510734.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001005750-20231001035750-00731.warc.gz | 0.936764 | 1,303 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__50672468 | en | The breast structure in men is slightly different from that of women.
While the breast tissue is larger in women, the situation is different in men. In some cases, there can be complaints in the breast area of men for various reasons. Gynecomastia is one of these complaints.
What is gynecomastia?
Gynecomastia is the name given to the enlargement and swelling of breast tissue compared to normal in men. Along with these symptoms, a lump under the nipple, nipple discharge, pain and sensitivity to pressure in the breasts can be seen.
The cause of gynecomastia is most likely hormonal. Both men and women have estrogen and testosterone hormones, but while the testosterone ratio in men is high, estrogen secretion in women is high. Gynecomastia occurs when the testosterone-estrogen balance in men is disturbed and estrogen is excreted above normal levels. Hormones are not the only cause of gynecomastia. Obesity, incorrect eating habits, kidney failure and liver disease, hyperthyroidism, tumors in the testicles or adrenal glands, drug and alcohol consumption can also cause gynecomastia. Gynecomastia can be observed in cases of extreme hunger, as testosterone decreases and estrogen remains constant. And some of the drugs used trigger this situation.
Gynecomastia is not a cancer. It is benign and is a breast enlargement. While it is not harmful to health, men with gynecomastia may feel embarrassed and uncomfortable. Gynecomastia that does not disappear on its own or with medication can be treated with gynecomastia surgery because of its psychological effects.
How is a gynecomastia operation performed?
If the person is diagnosed with gynecomastia or if the person suspects this situation, he or she contacts health care institutions and if the doctor considers it appropriate, surgery can be performed.
- The breast tissue of the anesthetized patient is first examined endoscopically.
- Gynecomastia can only occur in the form of swelling of the granular tissue, i.e. in the form of hard breast tissue, both granular and fatty, and only an increase in fatty tissue.
- In gynecomastia, excess tissue is removed with surgical procedures, which are caused by an increase in the amount of granular tissue. If it is accompanied by fatty tissue, the procedure is performed with liposuction. If only the fatty tissue has increased, liposuction is sufficient.
- If granular tissue is to be removed, the breast is opened in the middle, skin and tissue are removed, the nipple is reduced and closed.
- Excess tissue is removed according to the method considered appropriate by the surgeon, the incised areas are sutured and the surgery is finished.
Why gynecomastia surgery?
- It allows the removal of gynecomastia with the clearest and most accurate results.
- If the person suffers from gynecomastia for a long period of time, it does not regress by itself. Therefore, a surgical procedure is necessary to treat gynecomastia.
- A very thin and small surgical scar may remain on the chest, but it is not aesthetically disturbing. If the person later does bodybuilding, it is not even visible, as it is right at the border of their pectoral muscles.
- – The feelings of embarrassment that men feel due to the growth of their breasts and the person’s aesthetic concerns and feeling of discomfort are eliminated.
- – No long healing period is necessary.
Who is a gynecomastia operation suitable for?
- For the treatment of gynecomastia that occurs in one or both breasts.
- Since it can occur in infancy and old age, adolescence is the most common period in gynecomastia. It is the case when the baby has gynecomastia in the womb due to the estrogens of the mother. In male babies with developed breasts, this situation goes away by itself within 3 weeks at the latest.
- Adolescence is a time when the hormones in the body are very different. It is observed because of the high hormone activity and it passes 6 to 24 months after entering puberty.
- Since gynecomastia in infancy and adolescence passes after a certain period of time, no immediate surgery is required. An operation can be performed in case of gynecomastia that occurs at an advanced age and has existed for a long time.
- Since a non-progressive gynecomastia can be controlled with medication or hormone therapy, no surgery is necessary.
- A gynecomastia operation can be performed after the age of 17. Nevertheless, it is advisable to wait until the age of 18.
After a gynecomastia operation
- Gynecomastia corsets are used for a while after the operation according to the doctor’s recommendations. This corset is always worn for at least 3 weeks. Until an average of the 6th week, the use of a corset is important for healing if you move during the day or if heavy exercises are to be performed.
- If a liposuction operation is performed, the person can return almost completely to their daily life after 3 weeks.
- If a surgical procedure is performed, the person can be discharged on the same day. Stays in hospital for 1 day if necessary.
- Lying on the stomach should be avoided for 1 week.
- Edema and swelling can be observed in the surrounding area. At the end of a week these symptoms disappear. Some creams can be applied to the area on the doctor’s recommendation. Medications prescribed by the doctor are used for pain and the pain is controlled.
- During the first 3 days, the person should rest, not move shoulders and arms as much as possible and not take a shower. After 3 days a warm and short shower can be taken. After this time, depending on the state of health, the person is able to do light exercises and return to their daily life.
- Activities like sauna, Turkish bath, solarium and steam bath must be avoided for up to 6 weeks. | biology |
http://www.temeculalandscaping.net/tree-injections/ | 2017-08-20T20:53:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886106990.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820204359-20170820224359-00500.warc.gz | 0.954232 | 384 | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-34__0__147435420 | en | Tree InjectionsBy Weldon Stanford | August 31, 2016 | services
Tree injection is exactly what it sounds like, a shot for your tree. Pesticides have received a lot of negative attention over the years but still remain a necessity for the health and sometimes life of your plants. Tree injections are the environmentally safe way to treat your trees while protecting your home, business and the planet.
Trunk injections are given using a special tool, often resembling a large syringe, which is inserted in the bottom 18 inches of the trunk at entry points around 6 inches apart. This is an extremely unobtrusive method as the injection only penetrates up to 1 5/8 inch. If your tree is approximately 20 inches in diameter, it will need around a 3-ounce injection that will sustain it for nearly two years! Not only can tree injections deliver pesticides for prevention, the injection can be given amid a full infestation and often save the tree. There are also fertilizer injections that can help trees which are struggling by putting the necessary nutrients directly into their vascular flow. Today’s soil, yards and properties are not as nutrient dense due to our constant maintenance and removal of twigs, leaves and decaying plants which feed the soil. Land with sod actually leeches most of the nutrients from the existing soil to feed the new grass. For this reason, fertilizer injections have become key in the survival of many older trees.
As for injections for prevention or elimination of harmful insects, the method is the least invasive available and uses the lowest amount of pesticides for treatment. When injected into the tree, the chemicals are sealed inside and do not risk exposure to other plants or animals. There have also been numerous studies showing that pesticide injections are safe for food bearing trees as most of the chemicals divert to the foliage. This will become the more environmentally approved method of guarding mass food crops from pesticides in the near future. | biology |
https://axsome.com/axs-pipeline/about-axs-05/ | 2019-08-18T20:09:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027313996.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818185421-20190818211421-00446.warc.gz | 0.940273 | 489 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__67090379 | en | A New Therapeutic Approach
How It Works
The components of AXS-05, DM and bupropion, each target different CNS receptor systems. Combining the distinct and independent mechanisms of action of these two compounds may be useful in the treatment of CNS disorders. However DM is rapidly metabolized in humans. As a result, it is difficult to attain potential therapeutic blood levels of DM when it is dosed as a single agent. In addition to its activity at CNS receptors, the bupropion component of AXS 05 serves as a novel drug delivery method to inhibit DM metabolism and thereby increase its blood concentrations.
AXS-05 is currently in a Phase 3 trial for the treatment of treatment resistant depression (TRD), a Phase 2/3 trial for the treatment of agitation associated with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and a Phase 2 trial for the cessation of smoking.
An Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) conducted an interim analysis of the Phase 3 STRIDE-1 trial of AXS-05 in TRD in April 2018 and recommended that the study continue to full enrollment as well as indicating that AXS-05 appeared safe and well-tolerated.
Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD)
Patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) are defined as having TRD if they have failed two or more antidepressant therapies. There are approximately 3 million estimated patients with TRD in the United States.
More about TRD
Agitation in Patient’s with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that manifests initially as forgetfulness advancing to severe cognitive impairment and memory loss. It is a common form of dementia and afflicts an estimated 5 million individuals in the United States, a number that is anticipated to increase to approximately 14 million by 2050. In addition to cognitive decline, individuals diagnosed with AD typically experience behavioral and psychological symptoms including agitation which is reported in approximately 45% of patients. Agitation is characterized by emotional distress, aggressive behaviors, disruptive irritability, and disinhibition.
More about AD
The modulation of DM allows it to reach therapeutic plasma levels allowing DM to act on targeted CNS receptor systems. Combining the distinct and independent mechanisms of action of these two compounds with AXS-05 may be useful in the treatment of a variety of CNS disorders. | biology |
http://aventunazahara.com/portfolio/whale-watching/?lang=en | 2021-10-15T20:39:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323583083.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20211015192439-20211015222439-00000.warc.gz | 0.862024 | 239 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__282217476 | en | Marine life is amazing and it captivates ourselves with all its mysteries. Live unique sensations by seeing the most majestic cetaceans of the Mediterranean sea and the Atlantic Ocean. A 95% chance to spot some kind of cetacean! if not, you can come again for free!
The fabulous marine life
Come and discover the wonderful marine life of the Strait of Gibraltar. Whales, dolphins, killer whales ... you will experience unique sensations watching these majestic marine animals between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean from our boats.
Departures are scheduled from the end of February to the beginning of November conditioned to the weather and will be made from the port of Tarifa (40 Km from Zahara de los Atunes)
We offer additional discounts for groups of more than 6 people.
|july and august||rest of months|
|adults||35 euros||30 euros|
|children (4 to 14 years old)||22 euros||20 euros|
|babies (1 to 3 years old)||10 euros||5 euros|
|babies (0 to 1 years old)||Free||Free| | biology |
https://advance-physicaltherapy.com/postural-restoration/ | 2024-04-22T10:31:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818105.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422082202-20240422112202-00021.warc.gz | 0.920861 | 1,324 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__175377538 | en | Introduction to Postural Restoration
Postural Restoration evolved as a study of human biomechanics. This approach to healing is holistic and integrative. Clinically proven and scientifically based, Postural Restoration provides tools to evaluate underlying cause of pain, dysfunction and slow recovery from trauma. Treatment using Postural Restoration therapeutic activities has produced dramatic relief from chronic as well as acute conditions. These therapeutic activities reposition the musculoskeletal system, correct movement imbalance, restore normal tonicity to muscles and strengthen efficient, balanced, functional activity. Postural Restoration empowers you to maintain your optimal health and vitality in daily life and sports, and helps you avoid injury.
Postural Restoration recognized that humans are, by design, asymmetrical. Asymmetry facilitates our movement. Organ placement contributes to asymmetry. In the lower trunk the large, heavy liver is situated on the right while a smaller, lighter spleen is in a similar location on the left. Our right lung has three lobes, the left has only two, to accommodate the heart in our left upper trunk. The right diaphragm is larger and better positioned for respiration than the left diaphragm. Muscle attachments of the diaphragm to the ribs are thicker on the right. The right and left hemispheres of our brain govern different functions.
The majority of people worldwide are right handed. Our man made environment accommodates, even facilitates, right hand reach activity. The muscles that make up our right dominant movement patterns are used much more frequently and become much stronger than the same muscles of the non-dominant pattern. Even if you are left-handed you must live in a right-handed world.
Consequently, we all have the tendency to stand on our right leg and reach with our right arm. This reaching results in upper trunk rotation to the left. Consider how you open a door, reach for your cup, or brush your teeth. Often, people who are left-handed for fine motor activity use the right hand for power functions such as throwing. This dominant patterning is most useful! We don’t have to pause to consider which hand we will use to open the door. The pattern facilitates automatic activity, making life a bit simpler. Athletes thrive by strengthening powerful asymmetrical patterns. The downside of asymmetry is that our lifestyle – often sedentary and or filled with repetitive motion – reinforces our pattern so much that we can no longer move out of it. We lose the ability to balance our movement for example: to shift into our left hip and reach with the left hand. Although we walk with both legs, our center of gravity stays over the right hip. Although we have two lungs, we rely more heavily on the right. This one sided imbalance in activities that require alternate, reciprocal movement – such as walking, breathing and chewing – often results in abnormal stress, unequal wear and tear, dysfunction and pain.
As 3 dimensional beings, we function in 3 planes of motion: front to back – like taking a bow, side to side like climbing a ladder and in rotation as with twisting to see what’s behind us. Most healthy human movements take place in all three planes.
As asymmetric 3 dimensional beings, the spine orients to the right and we stand on the right leg. The upper trunk rotates back to the left in order to face straight ahead. In so doing right side bending occurs bringing the right ribs a bit closer to the right pelvis and the left ribs a bit further way from the left pelvis. In this position the right trunk muscles shorten and tighten, the left stretch and lengthen. The left abdominals thereby lose their optimal ability to anchor the left lower ribs and the left pelvic crest. The left pelvis rolls forward and inward, the left ribcage elevates and flares. In the front to back plane of motion there is excessive tightness of the back and overstretch of the abdominal regions. In the side-to-side plane of motion, structures on the right are generally too close together and structures on the left are generally too far apart. Finally, with these movement planes diminished, we have difficulty moving in a healthy way in the third plane of rotation at all. Each of these movement disorders can lead to unhealthy stress, chronic injury and pain.
In this 3 dimensional, asymmetric configuration the respiratory diaphragm (our primary muscle for inhalation) becomes poorly positioned for healthy breathing. Without efficient function of our primary, low energy breathing system, the diaphragm, we rely more heavily on our auxiliary, back up system- especially the helper muscles of the neck to get enough air into our body. Usually reserved for higher oxygen demand – as when we are running a marathon – the neck muscles become overactive, unable to relax. This activity triggers the sympathetic nervous system – our fight or flight, high alert system. In a constant state of stress, we are restless, unable to relax, unable to sleep deeply. I this vulnerable state, it does not take much to push us over the edge – whether physical, environmental, emotional or mental stress.
How Postural Restoration Can Help
The Postural Restoration therapist initiates a process of rehabilitation that begins with repositioning. Repositioning therapeutic activities are carefully constructed exercises to restore neutral alignment to the musculoskeletal system.
Results can be immediate or may take several sessions to achieve. Repositioning exercises incorporate breathing techniques to restore normal, efficient respiration. Repositioning exercises also teach the person how to feel the activation of corrective postural muscles.
Once neutral alignment is achieved, it must be maintained and integrated into the movement patterns we use in daily life activities. A personalized exercise program is designed to progress strengthening from lying to sitting to standing and finally back into upright movement in a more balanced way.
Often, the aches and pains and movement limitations previously experienced were the result of an imbalanced asymmetrical pattern. These pains drop away as more balanced, more efficient and less stressful muscle activity is restored. In some cases, true pathology may have developed, such as joint breakdown, muscle tears and adhesions and ligament strains. These will become evident and appropriate treatment can be more accurately determined and applied.
Postural Restoration techniques create a more balanced/less stressed physical foundation for life activities, sports activities and for rehabilitation following trauma or surgery. These techniques empower you to self maintain your optimum function and to enjoy an active life. | biology |
http://homeschool-musings.blogspot.com/2011/04/butterfly-release.html | 2014-04-24T18:27:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206647.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00347-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.991033 | 188 | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__15604620 | en | Our butterflies emerged from their chrysalids on Sunday. We missed witnessing the first few emerge, but were there to see the fourth one. Everyone gathered around to watch the butterfly crawl out and then crawl across the habitat. It didn't take very long before his wings had inflated.
You can see the newly emerged butterfly in the upper left corner of the photo below. Its wings are not yet inflated. You can also see the empty chrysalids.
Today, we released our butterflies in the front yard.
They obviously weren't bothered by their captivity. This we learned from their reluctance to leave the habitat. We had to bump the habitat a few times to get them to flutter around and find their way out.
One of the butterflies had a wing that had a deformity. We thought it might not be able to fly, but after a few minutes it flew off to go live its short butterfly life. | biology |
https://kougatourism.com/nature-toursim/ | 2024-02-21T04:28:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473370.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221034447-20240221064447-00146.warc.gz | 0.829964 | 220 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__76652064 | en | Nature Tourism in Kouga: Embrace the Beauty of the Wild
Welcome to Kouga, a nature lover’s haven just 80km from the bustling city of Gqeberha (formerly Port Elizabeth). Nestled in the adventure province, Kouga unfolds as a sanctuary of natural wonders, inviting you to explore, discover, and experience the rich tapestry of its landscapes.
Venture into pristine Nature Reserves like Cape St Francis, Jeffreys Bay, or the nearby Van Stadens Wild Flower Reserve, each a testament to the extraordinary plant and animal life that graces the Cape Floral Kingdom.
Traverse the winding rivers of Kouga, a water wonderland offering kayaking, scenic trails, and picturesque spots like the St Francis Bay Canals. Bird enthusiasts will find solace in the diverse habitats while wildlife reserves showcase the marine marvels of dolphins, Humpback and Southern Right Whales.
Embark on a journey through Kouga’s untouched beauty, where every reserve, river, and wildlife encounter promises an adventure of a lifetime. | biology |
https://www.eastivanhoetravel.com.au/zoo-without-fences/ | 2023-12-01T16:22:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100290.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201151933-20231201181933-00659.warc.gz | 0.859645 | 177 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__86624822 | en | Best known to be a ‘Zoo without Fences’, wildlife encounters are pretty much a given. Kangaroos, sea lions, koalas, echidnas, wallabies, goannas, and marine mammals are plentiful, along with many species of bird. If you are after wildlife, then Kangaroo Island will never disappoint.
- 3 nights at Grosvenor Hotel Adelaide ★★★★ in a Standard Room
- 3 nights at Mercure Kangaroo Island Lodge ★★★★ in a Superior Queen Poolview Room
- Morning pelican feeding sessions
- Self-guided nocturnal walk to spot wildlife and self-guided nature trails
- WiFi and parking
- Return ferry transfer from Cape Jervis to Penneshaw^ for car and passenger
- 4 days inclusive AVIS car hire in a Kia Rio or similar+ | biology |
http://aruralrube.blogspot.com/2008/07/and-then-there-was-one.html | 2018-05-23T14:53:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865679.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523141759-20180523161759-00545.warc.gz | 0.977898 | 406 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__31317092 | en | Karma cooked the goose.
Something got our male goose last night. I just realized that the gander was pacing the fence line all alone and when I went a-lookin', I found me a pile of feathers. No blood, no body or its parts; just nice white feathers.
We're not entirely sure what it is, but are starting to suspect a small coyote. We've been losing hens in the same way. I'd been thinking it might have been the eagles or the big hawks that have been around, but I think that the predator must be attacking on the ground, rather than in the air, because the male goose would have been more likely to stand up to the predator and attempt to protect both geese, thereby losing its life. With the water levels low right now, the fencing over the streams isn't good. Even the sheep have been sneaking through.
A coyote kills and plucks, and then takes the rest of the animal back to the den. This is consistent with what we are seeing.
I guess that enough time has passed since this goose attacked my child, because I'm feeling bad. I've been enjoying looking out at the pond and seeing the two of them sunning themselves. The male goose LOVED the water, and although he hadn't actually gone swimming, he would jump in and out of the sheep's water tub, splashing and flapping and then running like a lunatic around the field.
Also, as is the case in any death, I feel particularly sad for those who are left behind. Watching the gander right now is breaking my heart. I don't know how much we personify this experience for them, though, or what she is capable of thinking and feeling. But... the poor thing.
To sum it up.... when I called B.Rube at work to tell him, he ended our conversation with "That's Life on the Farm." Yep, I guess it is. | biology |
https://www.phillipstricker.com.au/prostate-cancer/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy/ | 2023-12-04T19:44:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100534.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204182901-20231204212901-00743.warc.gz | 0.918777 | 337 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__66367534 | en | Cystoscopy is an endoscopic procedure where a tube is inserted into the urethra through the opening at the end of the penis. It allows me to visually examine the complete length of the urethra and the bladder for polyps, strictures, abnormal growths and other problems.
Why is the test is performed?
- To diagnose and evaluate disorders of the urinary tract
- To identify cancers of the bladder or urethra
- To determine the cause of pain in the urinary tract.
How does the test work?
There are two types of cystoscopes:
- Rigid cystoscope
- Flexible cystoscope
In both methods, the actual test is carried out very similarly, with the exception of the positioning. With the rigid cystoscope, you lie on your back with your knees up and apart. The penis and surrounding area is cleaned and local anesthetic jelly is placed into the urethra. The scope is then inserted through the urethra into the bladder. The flexible cystoscope does not require you to lie on your back with your knees up and apart for insertion. The choice of which scope to use depends on the purpose of the exam.
During the procedure, water is inserted through the cystoscope and into your bladder. When the bladder is full of water, it stretches. This allows a view of the entire bladder wall.
If any tissue appears abnormal, a biopsy can be taken through the cystoscope for analysis.
The entire procedure, including preparation, generally takes about 15 to 20 minutes. The examination portion of the procedure is generally less than five minutes. | biology |
https://careers-luriechildrens.icims.com/jobs/13934/post-doc-associate-translational-leukemia-research-%28dr.-loretta-li%29/job | 2021-06-14T20:35:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487613453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20210614201339-20210614231339-00359.warc.gz | 0.903494 | 246 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__168823478 | en | Seeking a highly motivated postdoctoral fellow to join Dr. Loretta Li’s laboratory at Lurie Children’s Hospital / Northwestern University. We are a newly established translational leukemia research laboratory that uses a variety of biochemical, molecular, and cell biology approaches to identify new therapeutic targets, develop preclinical models of disease, and test novel therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo using mouse models. The successful candidate will be a team player capable of handling multiple tasks and adaptable to a fast-paced research environment.
Dr. Loretta Li Faculty Profile: https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/doctors/li-loretta-s/
The postdoctoral fellow will carry out an independent research project under the supervision of the principal investigator, Dr. Loretta Li. The successful candidate will be responsible for the following:
1. A level of knowledge normally acquired through the completion of a Ph.D. or M.D.
2. Possess an excellent command of the English language; medical and scientific terminology is required.
3. Organizational skills: Ability to establish priorities and react promptly to a large variety of requests and needs, sometimes in stressful situations. | biology |
https://www.mindsmith.co.in/post/inside-the-brain-of-a-person-with-movement-disorder | 2023-09-21T09:20:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233505362.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921073711-20230921103711-00574.warc.gz | 0.955684 | 375 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__33652668 | en | Movement disorders can be a challenging condition to live with, affecting people of all ages. These disorders can affect your ability to move your body in a smooth and coordinated way, leading to symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and difficulty walking. It's important to understand that movement disorders are not a personal weakness or character flaw - they are a medical condition that affects the way your brain controls movement.
In people with movement disorders, there are several changes that occur in the brain that can lead to symptoms such as tremors and stiffness. One of the key areas of the brain involved in movement disorders is the basal ganglia, which is responsible for controlling movement and coordinating muscle activity. In individuals with movement disorders, there may be a dysfunction in the basal ganglia, leading to abnormal movements and difficulty controlling muscle activity.
Another area of the brain that can be affected in people with movement disorders is the cerebellum, which is responsible for regulating balance and coordination. In individuals with movement disorders, there may be a malfunction in the cerebellum, leading to problems with balance and coordination.
It's important to remember that movement disorders can have a significant impact on your life, but there are many resources available to help you manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life. Treatment for movement disorders typically involves a combination of medication and physical therapy. Medications such as levodopa and dopamine agonists can help improve motor function, while physical therapy can help you maintain mobility and reduce the risk of falls.
Living with a movement disorder can be challenging, but it's important to remember that you are not alone. There are many support groups and organizations that can provide you with resources and support on your journey to managing your condition. With the right treatment and support, you can learn to manage your symptoms and live a fulfilling life, no matter what challenges you may face. | biology |
http://answers.loreal.com/animaltesting/en/does-loreal-test-on-animals/ | 2013-12-13T22:22:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386165000886/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204135000-00089-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.963433 | 193 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__1346013 | en | Does L’Oréal test on animals?
L’Oréal was able to end all animal testing for products as early as 1989, without making its products any less safe. This is thanks to its research & development of alternative methods to testing, particularly in the use of reconstructed skin models.
However, for some of its new ingredients, there’s still a small gap between what the replacement tests can help us predict about the ingredient and what we need to know to ensure its full safety, for example when predicting the ingredient’s potential for skin allergy. For these reasons, the Group still needs to resort to some animal testing, which today represents less than 1% of its safety assessments.
L’Oréal’s ambition is to replace the need for any animal testing, and the Group has already contributed to most of the replacement methods accepted today in the cosmetics industry, and continue to develop new ones. | biology |
https://akmediatech.com/about-covid-19/ | 2021-08-03T04:30:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154420.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210803030201-20210803060201-00675.warc.gz | 0.930891 | 1,157 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__157598249 | en | STAY HOME. SAVE LIVES.
KEEP a Safe Distance
WASH Hand Often
COVER your cough
About Coronavirus Disease 2019
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that get their name from the halo of spiked proteins on their outer surface resembling a crown “the Corona” under a microscope. The new coronavirus is called SARS-CoV-2 which stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. As a new virus, it means that previously no one in the world has been infected with it, and therefore, no one has antibodies to it. Because no one has an antibody everyone is at risk of catching, becoming ill, and spreading the virus. SARS-CoV-2(novel Coronavirus (Covid-19)) causes a disease called COVID-19, a severe respiratory illness. Covid-19 can be deadly, particularly for older people and those with underlying health conditions. It is passed from human to human.
The viruses spread through droplets in the air after coughing or sneezing, which people nearby can take in through their nose, mouth, or eyes. The viruses also spread by touching a contaminated surface. It is discovered that different types of materials have different persistence, mostly for from 2 hours up to 9 days. Also, it persists better at 50% compared to 30% relative humidity at room temperature. Lungs inside your body, the virus travels quickly to the back of your nasal passages and to the mucus membranes in the back of your throat. The virus attaches to a receptor called ACE-2 or Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 on a respiratory cell in your body. The viruses’ genetic material enters your cell to produce copies of themselves, which go on to affect more cells.
The time between the initial infection and the first symptom appearing varies widely but is five days on average. Symptoms often start in the back of the throat, with a dry cough, sore throat along with fever. Symptoms become more severe as the infection starts making its way to your lower respiratory tract. Here, it can cause more respiratory problems like bronchitis and pneumonia. When the virus reaches your lung it causes inflammation in the air sacs in your lungs which are called alveoli, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
In pneumonia there is swelling, decreased airflow, and alveoli start to be filled with fluid causing shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing. Some people need a ventilator to help a breath. Less oxygen in your blood deprives other major organs of oxygen including the liver, kidney, and brain. Acute respiratory distress caused by widespread swelling in the lungs stops the body from getting the oxygen it needs to survive. This respiratory distress can lead to organ failure and death.
Covid-19 can be deadly, the vast majority around 80% of cases are mild to moderate and people recover within a week or two.
Since the lockdowns have been transformed to unlock as a protocol to resume the economic activity of our country. With the availability of many services risk of spreading of Covid-19 has been increased. As it is said that prevention is better than cure, thus we must be careful and focus more on the prevention of this virus. To prevent the spread of Covid-19 here are a few points to follow while returning to the workplace or being at home:
- Put distance between yourself and others.
- Avoid close contact with sick people.
- Adopt flexible working hours.
- Avoid crowded public transport if possible go by bike or walk.
- If possible, discuss with your supervisor if you can work from home.
- Wear a mask when taking public transport.
- Cover coughs and sneezes with a disposable tissue or the inside of your elbow.
- Check body temperature when entering office buildings.
- Avoid crowded lifts as far as possible.
- At work or at home, if you can use the stairs instead of elevators.
- Avoid using your hands to touch common objects like elevator buttons, door handles, or staircase railings.
- Find no-contact ways to greet your colleagues and express affection to your friends and family.
- Avoid holding or joining large-scale meetings.
- Create distance-based meetings either through videoconferencing or by maintaining at least 1-meter space between people in the same room.
- Reduce face-to-face contact with co-workers.
- Arrange flexible meal hours.
- Avoid meal gatherings.
- Maintain good environmental hygiene at the workplace and wash hands frequently.
- After commuting t and from and throughout the day, clean your hands frequently and thoroughly.
- Avoid touching your eyes, mouth, and nose.
- After work, avoid crowed places or unnecessary activities.
- Ensure before leaving the house that all belongings are sanitized properly.
- If you feel unwell or even have a mild cough, don’t go to work, stay at home and avoid direct contact with anyone and seek prompt medical advice.
- Clean and disinfect tables, door handles, and other frequently touched surfaces.
- If possible keep the windows open and ventilate your workplace regularly.
- Remember to seek ways to stay active and positive.
- Stay healthy and let’s all prevent the spread of COVID-19!
Masks & Respirators
N95 masks & respirators
3-Ply and 2-Ply Masks
Latex Medical Examination Disposable
Instant Hand Sanitizer | biology |
https://www.viveremontese.it/american-water-spaniel/ | 2021-01-22T21:37:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703531429.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20210122210653-20210123000653-00771.warc.gz | 0.972779 | 102 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__237316960 | en | It is an active, muscular, medium-sized dog of solid constitution. It appears full of strength, but not without distinction. It has sufficient substance and bone to bring good muscle, but it does not have to look heavy. His skull is broad and solid, with a marked stop; the snout is quite elongated and square in shape, with perfect teeth and developed nostrils. The eyes are hazel or brown; the ears are wide and long; the tail is medium long and slightly curved. | biology |
http://oralsurgeoncapetown.co.za/wisdom-teeth-removal | 2022-08-14T17:42:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00508.warc.gz | 0.953953 | 362 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__6795085 | en | Wisdom Teeth Removal
Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last teeth in the jaws to develop. Typically, they develop in your late teens or early twenties. Wisdom teeth either come through the gums, called erupting, or they are blocked, which is called impaction. Impaction can vary in severity, from gum tissue blockage to complete bone coverage.
In most cases, we find that there is not enough room in the mouth for wisdom teeth to function properly and be easily cleaned, and extraction is recommended.
Impacted Wisdom Teeth
When wisdom teeth are impacted, problems with the jaw and adjacent teeth can develop. An impacted wisdom tooth can cause gum tissue infections, decay on the second molar, and possible crowding of other teeth. Serious problems can develop with infections spreading to the throat and neck, or cysts or tumors that can destroy jawbone to the point of fracture.
Evaluation and Removal
Dr. Greeff will evaluate your jaw structure and wisdom teeth status with regular oral exams and x-rays. In many cases, routine x-rays are not enough for a full evaluation of the wisdom teeth, jaw and surrounding structures. A panoramic x-ray is typically done, which allows for a complete assessment of the jaw and teeth.
When current or potential issues with the wisdom teeth are identified, early removal is recommended. Removing wisdom teeth at an earlier age can be easier, as the jawbone is less dense. In addition, if the teeth are removed before the root develops, it involves a less invasive procedure. Removal recommendations can be as early as age 12, or may be delayed until patients are in their later teens. Patients older than 30 typically have higher complication rates and lengthened healing time. | biology |
http://nutrigreen.net/index.html | 2023-09-27T04:54:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510259.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927035329-20230927065329-00411.warc.gz | 0.915042 | 136 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__171659893 | en | As lawns age or sustain heavy use from play, sports activities, pets, vehicle traffic and parking, soil compaction can result. Compaction greatly reduces the pore space within the soil that would normally hold air. Roots require oxygen to grow and absorb nutrients and water. Campaction has a negative impact on nutrient uptake and water infiltration, in addition to being a physical barrier to root growth. This results in poor top growth and lawn deterioration. Core aeration can benefit your lawn by:
- Increasing water, nutrient and oxygen movement into the soil.
- Enhancing infiltration of rainfall or irrigation.
- Improving rooting and plant resiliance. | biology |
https://www.testtogoapp.com/scientific-evidence | 2021-12-08T09:03:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363465.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208083545-20211208113545-00548.warc.gz | 0.925956 | 766 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__152571020 | en | A stated earlier, the presence of a Test lLine, no matter how faint, indicates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen and thus a positive COVID-19 test result. But how able are rapid antigen tests to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen?
The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine evaluated the limit of detection of the Excalibur Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test. In other words, to see how little antigen or live virus the test can detect.
SARS-CoV-2 N protein antigen was diluted from 500 pg/ml, representing a high level of antigen, through decreasing amounts down to 0 pg/ml, or no virus antigen present. Each dilution was applied to Excalibur Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test cards and read by two observers, each blinded to the results of the other. A third observer was available to adjudicate discrepant tests.
The Excalibur test had 100% detection down to a level of 75 pg/ml, dropping to 30% at 50 pg/ml. Positive test results were seen down to 30 pg/ml.
Similar tests were carried out using live virus diluted down in stages from 10,000 plaque-forming units (PFUs)/ml to zero. Plaque forming units is a measure of the number of infectious virus particles per unit volume. The Excalibur test was able to detect 100% of replicates down to a level of 250 PFU/ml, dropping to 50% at 125 PFU/ml.
The Excalibur Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test had a limit of detection of 250 PFU/ml, which exceeds the World Health Organisation recommendation of 500 PFU/ml.
There have been over 150 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide with new variants of the virus arising all the time. The most significant of these for the UK is the B.1.1.7 variant causing over 95% of new infections as of April 2021. It is therefore important to know if there is any reduction in sensitivity of currently available rapid antigen tests when exposed to the B.1.1.7 variant.
Researchers at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine have determined the limit of detection of several currently available rapid antigen tests1.
A clinically isolated SARS-CoV-2 strain from the B.1.1.7 lineage was serially diluted from 1,000,000 PFU/ml to 100 PFU/ml. Each dilution was tested in triplicate and applied to Excalibur Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test cards and read by two observers, each blinded to the results of the other. A third observer was available to adjudicate discrepant tests. The limit of detection was defined as the lowest dilution at which all three replicates were deemed to be positive.
The Excalibur Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test had a limit of detection of ≤ 500 PFU/ml, meeting or exceeding the British Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) acceptable criteria.
Similar tests performed using the B.1 2020 strain taken from previously published work show the Excalibur Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test to have a limit of detection of 250 PFU/ml.
This study demonstrates equivalent performance with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 as with the original dominant strain from the beginning of the pandemic.
Reference: 1. Kontogianni K, Cubas-Atienzar AI, Wooding D et al. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 2021. Unpublished.
For further information click here. | biology |
https://www.e-geos.it/en/love-planet-earth/2024/ | 2024-03-01T09:50:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475238.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301093751-20240301123751-00777.warc.gz | 0.863092 | 541 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__190204118 | en | PROTECTING LIFE ON EARTH
Our commitment to defending endangered animal species
Stories of hope, resilience, and the wonders of the natural world. Through a captivating collection of spectacular images, we shine a spotlight on endangered animal species that are, slowly but surely, on the path to recovery. This remarkable achievement is made possible by the protected havens meticulously monitored by the COSMO-SkyMed satellites, illustrating the power of conservation efforts and the enduring spirit of nature.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature has become the global organisation and authority on the status of the natural world and the measures needed to safeguard it. In collaboration with the Italian IUCN Committee, the National network of members of the IUCN, we explore the journey of these extraordinary creatures, which, despite the persistent risk, represent the possibility of a brighter future.
The LOVE PLANET EARTH 2024 calendar, with its breathtaking imagery, serves as a powerful testament to the vital mission of COSMO-SkyMed in safeguarding these precious natural areas. Through these captivating visuals, it underlines our deep commitment to the preservation of Earth’s incredible biodiversity. It signifies our collective dedication to fostering a sustainable future, where the wonders of the natural world continue to thrive, offering hope, resilience, and inspiration to all living beings.
On the top: Vaquitas were last assessed for the IUCN Red List of ThreatenedSpecies in 2022. Phocoena sinusis listed as Critically Endangered. The total population is thought to be approximately 10 specimens, so clearly the number of mature individuals is far fewer than 250; this species is still declining and all mature individuals are in one population.
|Established in 1964, the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) is the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of fungi, animal and plant species. The IUCN Red List is a critical indicator of the health of the world’s biodiversity. It is a powerful tool to inform and catalyse action for biodiversity conservation and policy change, critical to protecting the natural resources we need to survive. The IUCN Red List Categories are meant to be a system for easily classifying species at risk of global extinction.
It assesses and evaluates species and divides them into nine categories:
Not Evaluated (NE), Data Deficient (DD), Least Concern (LC), Near Threatened (NT), Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN),Critically Endangered (CR), Extinct in the Wild (EW) and Extinct (EX). | biology |
https://www.azaleacitydental.com/blog/category/Oral+Health | 2019-10-20T11:31:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986707990.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20191020105426-20191020132926-00445.warc.gz | 0.956777 | 211 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__26421158 | en | You probably know that your mouth is home to one of the largest populations of bacteria in your body. While they’re an independent bunch, you can dramatically influence their effect on your health. It starts with understanding how the key bacterial players operate and your role in altering their destructive tendencies.
Your teeth and the surrounding jaw muscles present a powerhouse capable of crushing even the hardest foods to pieces. But sometimes we use our teeth in ways that push them to the limit and lead to unnecessary problems and treatment. Learn about one habit that may accelerate the breakdown of your teeth and how to read the symptoms your teeth share with you.
When you wake up in the morning, no one expects your breath to smell very good. With a few good hygiene habits, your breath is usually ready for the day. But if you’re struggling with bad breath, or you suspect it might be a problem, we have a few tips to kick this social issue to the curb. Learn more here about the real causes and how to keep your breath fresh every day. | biology |
https://www.openbareruimte.nl/en/visitor/exhibitors/details/748/eurofins-agro | 2019-11-14T21:22:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668539.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20191114205415-20191114233415-00347.warc.gz | 0.914335 | 443 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__121306860 | en | Healthy turf: basis for higher sporting performances
On turf of higher quality athletes perform better. An optimal management of your sports fields requires insight into all aspects that influence the health of the grass: soil, plant and water. Analyzing the soil, plant and water provide indispensable information. Knowledge aboutthe top layer, the health of the turf and the quality of the irrigation water influences the outcome of your maintenance plan and avoids unexpected maintenance costs afterwards.
The top layer forms the basis of every playing field. Every fieldmanager recognizes the importance of an optimal soil structure. However, this is easier said than done. After all, a good structure is determined by the optimal balance between a large number of factors: air, water, food, organic matter and soil life.
Fertilization Monitor Sport is a complete analysis that provides insight into the most important soil-aspects: the nutrients, pH, CEC, the organic matter content, soil texture, pF-curve et cetera. De Fertilization Monitor Sport is a thorough analysis with which you can further optimize your maintenance plan.
A healthy soil protects plants from diseases. But plants can also become ill in healthy soils. If you detect fungi or diseases in the grass you want to know what the cause is. Only then a proper treatment is possible and you can limit the risk of spreading. However, cause and consequence of certain symptoms are sometimes difficult to distinguish. Apart from fungi and bacteria other stress factors like nematodes can also affect the plant health.
DNA Multiscan provides insight into the presence of pathogens in turf even before giving visual damage. The DNA Multiscan is a unique DNA technique that quickly and reliably demonstrates the presence of fungi in the turf. This allows you to detect the presence of fungi at an early stage and to take the right measures in time.
Nematodes analyse provides information about more than 25 relevant nematode species.
Irrigation in the dry summer months is of great importance to prevent dehydration. In practice however irrigation water can cause many growth problems in the turf if the water contains too high levels of iron (Fe), sodium carbonate and other forms of salt! | biology |
https://anewenglanderslife.wordpress.com/2015/05/29/nesting-turtles/ | 2018-07-16T16:08:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589404.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716154548-20180716174548-00637.warc.gz | 0.981453 | 138 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__76599613 | en | I walk the dog early every morning before work, which means we see a lot of wildlife. Mostly we come across deer, turkeys, porcupines, squirrels and birds, but on Thursday morning, we came across seven turtles, which means it is nesting time!
They mostly nest in sandy soil in the sunshine, which means the sand pit that we walk by is ideal for them.
Although the dog was really well behaved and listened to me and left the turtles alone, I think we will be avoiding that trail for the next little while to let the turtles do their thing in peace.
Be careful driving too as many turtles are crossing roads to get to nesting ground! | biology |
https://www.risktreeservice.com/buck-moth-spraying.html | 2023-06-03T00:37:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648911.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603000901-20230603030901-00484.warc.gz | 0.959516 | 315 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__201913079 | en | Buck Moth Spraying Registration Form
Our prices are $190 first tree and $90 each additional.
The buck moth is a common insect found in oak trees, stretching in the United States from peninsular Florida to New England, and as far west as Texas and Kansas. The larvae typically emerge in a single generation in the spring.The larvae are covered in hollow spines that are attached to a poison sac. The poison can cause symptoms ranging from stinging, itching and burning sensations to nausea. The larvae feed on various oaks including scrub oak, live oak, blackjack oak, white oak, and dwarf chinquapin oak.
Eggs are typically laid in spiral clusters on oak twigs. Mature larvae enter the soil or leaf litter to pupate in late July and emerge between October and the following February as moths to mate and lay eggs. In Louisiana where use of live oaks as street trees is extensive, the caterpillars can become a significant nuisance for humans. With proper treatment the risk of this nuisance can be reduced. Trees can not be sprayed until caterpillars have hatched.
Please fill out the form below and return to us to register for our buckmoth spraying services. The first tree to be treated is $190 with each additional tree treated at the same time is $90. Treatments will be scheduled first contact first scheduled. We will call to schedule so that animals can be put away and other precautions needed can be addressed. Don't take the RISK of being stung register today! | biology |
https://meketetigray.uk/2021/03/22/expert-reaction-to-press-release-from-astrazeneca-announcing-interim-data-on-safety-and-efficacy-from-the-us-trial-of-the-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine/ | 2021-06-18T06:42:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487635724.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20210618043356-20210618073356-00343.warc.gz | 0.96135 | 1,105 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__97560390 | en | (Source: Science Media Centre) –
AstraZeneca has published a press release announcing that the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine US Phase III trial met primary efficacy endpoint in preventing COVID-19 at interim analysis.
Dr Andrew Garrett, Executive VP, Scientific Operations, ICON Clinical Research, said:
“This is clearly stated as an AstraZeneca-led trial, and it more closely follows the large phase III vaccine trials reported by other sponsors. In this respect it is a solid 30,000 plus participant study with a placebo control, and a simple 4 week dosing interval, such that interpretation is more straightforward than previous Oxford/AZ vaccine trials. It has a good age mix with more than 6,000 participants aged >65 years and also wide ethnic representation. Interim efficacy is clearly stated as being 79% against symptomatic COVID-19 and 100% effective against severe disease. Detailed numbers are not provided at this time and the lower confidence limit is not stated. Importantly the trial provides further support for efficacy in the elderly (80%) where previous clinical trial data, other than immunological data, had been lacking. The study randomized two subjects to receive vaccine for every subject that received placebo providing a large safety database of 20,000 plus participants who received active vaccine. As described, this has been used to investigate the potential association of the vaccine with thrombotic events and specifically cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, of which there were no cases detected. Overall it was reported that there was no increased risk of thrombosis. These data are therefore timely in further addressing any safety concerns that could undermine vaccine uptake.
“The trial is directed at generating data to support emergency use in the US but also provides valuable data to other countries – both confirming efficacy using a 4-week dosing interval and re-enforcing vaccine safety.”
Prof Stephen Evans, Professor of Pharmacoepidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, said:
“These results are not surprising given what we know now. The US regulatory authorities are reluctant, even in a pandemic, to rely totally on data obtained outside the US, so this trial was done to provide convincing evidence of efficacy and safety in a sufficiently large number of US patients. The benefits of these results will mainly be for the rest of the world where confidence in the AZ vaccine has been eroded, largely by political and media comment. Once that happens, reporting of adverse effects becomes very biased and confidence can spiral downwards. The rest of the world that will rely on this low-cost vaccine may be able to procced with vaccinating their populations.
“Vaccine development and rollout should be an international collaboration rather than nationalistic fervour whether in favour of, or against, a particular vaccine. Assessment should be based on science alone.
“It is important also to realise that the “headline” efficacy numbers are valid for comparison between the groups in a trial, but great care is needed in comparisons between trials. The way that events are assessed and counted as well as the context of a trial means that exact values for any between trial comparison are uncertain, not only because of statistical uncertainty, but also because of these other factors.
“It is clear this vaccine has very good efficacy (remember that 60% was, prior to any trials being started, regarded as a good target), and that this efficacy does not show a notable decline at older ages. This was expected and the speculation that it was ineffective (or “quasi-ineffective”) at older ages was totally unjustified.
“This is good news for the global community and one hopes that any political statements around this good news are avoided.”
University of Oxford press release: https://www.ovg.ox.ac.uk/news/usa-chile-and-peru-interim-trial-data-show-oxford-astrazeneca-vaccine-is-safe-and-highly-effective
All our previous output on this subject can be seen at this weblink:www.sciencemediacentre.org/tag/covid-19
Dr Andrew Garrett: “I am employed by ICON which is a Contract Research Organization. ICON provides pharmaceutical services to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. ICON conducts clinical trials on behalf of Sponsors, including vaccine trials. I am a member of the UK Statistical Authority’s (UKSA) Research Accreditation Panel. I have received one dose of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine as part of the UK vaccination program.”
Prof Stephen Evans: “No conflicts of interest. I am funded (one day per week) by LSHTM. They get funding from various companies, including Astra Zeneca and GSK but I am not funded by them, I have no involvement in obtaining funding from them and I am not an investigator on any grants obtained from them. I am the statistician to the ‘meta-Data Safety and Monitoring Board’ for CEPI. I am paid for my attendance at those meetings and will be paid expenses for travel if that occurs. I am a participant in the Oxford/Astra Zeneca trial, and on 13th January 2021 learnt I had received the active vaccine.” | biology |
https://artliv.shop/in-search-for-the-best-coffee-in-stockholm/ | 2023-12-03T00:15:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100476.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202235258-20231203025258-00427.warc.gz | 0.977289 | 344 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__10457052 | en | Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.
“Even bad coffee is better than no coffee at all.”
Coffee is slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect on humans because of its caffeine content. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world.It can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, café latte, etc.). It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is a popular alternative.
Clinical studies indicate that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption lowers the risk of some diseases, although there is generally poor quality of such studies.
The earliest credible evidence of coffee-drinking appears in Yemen in southern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century in Sufi shrines. It was here in Arabia that coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a similar way to how it is now prepared.
Coffee seeds were first exported from East Africa to Yemen, as the coffea arabica plant is thought to have been indigenous to the former. Yemeni traders took coffee back to their homeland and began to cultivate the seed. By the 16th century, it had reached Persia, Turkey, and North Africa. From there, it spread to Europe and the rest of the world. | biology |
https://www.advancedvisionsolutions.com/eyes-are-windows-to-your-health-2019/ | 2024-04-14T12:06:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816879.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414095752-20240414125752-00403.warc.gz | 0.924464 | 1,158 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__35579528 | en | Your eyes aren't just the windows to your soul — they can also reveal valuable information about your general health beyond whether you need glasses, including: diabetes, heart disease, and even cancer. It is not unusual for people to come in for an eye exam just to check their eyesight and then have certain health issues or predispositions picked up by the optometrist.
Eye Exams and Your Health
Eye examinations can help doctors detect general health conditions early enough to intervene. Advanced screenings enable eye doctors to better predict cardiovascular incidents like stroke, and possibly detect signs of mental changes such as Alzheimer's. Read below to learn how eye exams can unveil a whole lot more than just eye health.
Brain Cancer & Stroke
Because of the similarities between the blood vessels in the eye and brain, an eye doctor can occasionally detect an issue taking place in the brain by examining the blood vessels in the eyes. If swelling or shadows in the eye is observed, it may indicate a serious condition in the brain, like a tumor, or clots that might result in a stroke.
Diabetes can cause damage to the blood vessels in the retina at the back of the eye, resulting in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). If an optometrist detects leaky blood vessels in the eye, the patient would be advised to see a doctor to help control their blood sugar. Changes are gradual, and they start before visual symptoms are noticed. The earlier diabetic eye disease is managed, the better the chances are of preserving eyesight.
High blood pressure, characterized by having too much pressure in the blood vessels, can be detected during an eye exam, sometimes even before it's diagnosed by your regular doctor. The damaged blood vessels lead to swelling, hemorrhages, and leaking — all of which can be observed in the eyes. According to the CDC, hypertension "the silent killer" affects nearly 1 in 3 adults, and up to a whopping 20% of those don't even know they have it. So early detection at an eye doctor's evaluation can be truly life-saving.
Eye exams can also detect a buildup of cholesterol. High cholesterol is among the easiest conditions to spot during a complete eye exam, as the cholesterol deposits manifest on the front of the eye, appearing as a thin, gray rim around the cornea. It can also be detected in the retina by assessing artery and vein patterns.
These deposits may indicate the current or future development of Retinal Blood Vessel Occlusion, a condition where blockages restrict blood flow to the back of the eye, causing temporary or permanent vision loss.
In some cases, heart conditions associated with a buildup of plaque in the carotid artery in the heart can also lead to deposits that clog the ocular arteries in the eye. If an optometrist detects such changes to the vascular structure at the back of the eye, he or she will typically recommend going to a specialist.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Sudden vision loss may be attributed to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). While the optometrist can recognize signs indicating the presence of MS, such as the color and appearance of the optic nerve, such cases will be referred for further testing to confirm the diagnosis.
Thyroid disease can make itself apparent through the eyes in several ways. The thyroid gland controls the hormones that regulate tear production so some thyroid disorders can cause dry eye disease. Additionally, overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can make the extraocular muscles enlarge and stiffen, causing bulging eyes — an indicator of Graves' disease.
Systemic conditions that are associated with inflammation in the body can have an inflammatory effect on the eyes. Uveitis, for example, causes eye inflammation, redness, and blurred vision, and tends to occur in people with lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases.
Breast cancer, leukemia, and other metastatic cancers are occasionally discovered during an eye evaluation. In addition to brain cancer mentioned above, melanoma and basal cell carcinoma (skin cancer) can be detected, and eye doctors can also diagnose lymphoma and other eye tumors. Eye exams save lives.
What the Future Holds
Recent studies show that a non-invasive and precise imaging device called Octa (optical coherence tomography angiography) can signal the presence of eye changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Because the retina is in many ways an extension of the brain, the altered blood vessels at the back of the eye offer a glimpse into the changes taking place within the brain.
Parkinson's Disease can often be misdiagnosed as its early symptoms are characteristic of other conditions. Research has shown that subtle eye tremors, an early Parkinson's marker, could be detectable using advanced eye exam technology. One day soon, practitioners may send patients to an eye doctor to test for this and other diseases.
Your Eye Doctor's Appointment Could Change Your Life
So the next time you visit Dr. Angela Koplos at Advanced Vision Solutions in El Paso, remember that a comprehensive eye exam can do more than determine your eyeglasses or contacts prescription. Dr. Angela Koplos can evaluate your eyes for existing or potential health issues, and communicate them to your primary care physician for the best possible care. By knowing that you're at risk for a certain disease, you can take precautions early on and manage the condition as needed. After all, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. | biology |
https://www.gmoguide.org/label-law-cover-crispr | 2019-11-14T19:55:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668534.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20191114182304-20191114210304-00308.warc.gz | 0.953801 | 287 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__205545327 | en | If you haven’t had the chance to check out the recent ammendment to the 1947 Agriculture act, here is a pdf: mandatory-labeling-bill. Recently, a version of a mushroom that was developed using the CRISPR technology was designated non-GMO. The recent amendment would appear to counter that decision however. The wording appears to include ALL genetically altered foods in it’s description of bioengineered foods:
‘‘(A) that contains genetic material that has been modified through in vitro recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques; and ‘‘(B) for which the modification could not otherwise be obtained through conventional breeding or found in nature.
CRISPR technology does not introduce foreign DNA into an organism. What it does is trigger mutations that exist within the genome already, essentially genetic what-ifs. This would satisfy item (B) in the above quote of the amendment, but NOT item (A) since it does use in-vitro recombinant techniques. However, the law also sets a timeline of 2 years for the Secretary of Agriculture to come up with a standard for disclosure concerning bioengineered foods, the amount of bioengineered material that must be present, etc. I think it’s fairly clear that CRISPR will be part of that list, but there may be some leeway. | biology |
https://foxydiet.com/gain-weight/ | 2020-09-27T03:22:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400250241.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20200927023329-20200927053329-00439.warc.gz | 0.951653 | 793 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__233546284 | en | Learn why some people gain more weight than others
While there are certain fixed factors that make some people put on weight faster than others, other factors can be changed to help lose weight.
You’ve probably noticed that some people eat more than others and don’t gain weight, or that they eat the same amount but don’t put on weight as fast or as much as others.
Today, we want to tell you about the reasons behind these common phenomena.
Genetics is one of the causes of this problem, because our genetics determine several crucial aspects that affect our lives.
Our genetics also play a role in determining how easy or difficult it is for our body to gain weight.
- This is now a proven fact, because human genome experts have managed to separate out the genes that are responsible for the distribution and accumulation of fat.
- The FTO gene (associated with fat mass and obesity) is found in 82% of men, meaning that they have a greater tendency to put on weight however little they eat.
While genetics is fundamental, our diet is equally important.
This is because the diet we follow is also essential in determining why we lose or gain weight.
It’s true that some of the genes related to gaining weight cause a predisposition for craving unhealthy foods.
This is why it’s necessary to be disciplined and acquire healthy habits that enable you to distinguish the effects of this gene.
Bear in mind that once you start to follow a healthier and fresher diet, you will feel much better.
So it will be your own body that will ask you to eat more healthily once it gets used to this.
Give it a try!
Of course, the amount of exercise we do is another key factor when it comes to maintaining a healthy weight.
This is because, apart from our diet, another aspect that is fundamental in determining whether some people gain more or fewer kilos is the physical exercise they do.
However, you should bear in mind that doing certain kinds of sports alone will not help you lose weight, but it can determine how much you gain.
You should also keep in mind that the quantity of exercise needed by each person is different.
While some individuals need to do two hours of cycling to burn 200 calories, half an hour is enough to consume the same amount for others.
Don’t reward yourself with gastronomic treats for having done a specific amount of exercise, because this does no good for your health, either.
For example, it’s not advisable to eat more than usual as compensation for having done enough exercise.
The only thing we’ll achieve by doing this is that our effort will have been in vain.
Plus, it can even end up making us gain weight.
4- Stress and lack of sleep
Both stress and lack of sleep can be an impediment to staying in shape.
These two factors can have a direct impact on our weight and make us pack on the pounds.
Often, when we’re under the effects of stress we tend to choose unhealthy foods because we like them more and they make us feel better.
However, this is precisely what we should be avoiding so we don’t adopt unhealthy lifestyle habits.
5- Loss of intestinal biodiversity
According to various studies, alterations in the intestinal flora are associated with diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The composition and diversity of intestinal flora are linked to weight gain, not only because of the quantity of bacteria lost but also due to the bacteria that are no longer produced.
This can happen as a result of an inappropriate diet or excessive use of antibiotics.
Changes in the intestinal flora can cause people to generate up to 150 calories more each day, despite eating the same amount.
This quantity can definitely end up causing an increased tendency to gain weight. | biology |
http://newspings.blogspot.com/2011_04_07_archive.html | 2018-05-25T10:53:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867085.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20180525102302-20180525122302-00206.warc.gz | 0.938746 | 145 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__64671996 | en | Thursday, April 7, 2011
Even "microwave-safe" products release the toxin bisphenol-A (BPA) when heated. BPA has been shown to cause neurological and developmental damage in laboratory animals. It is found in hard clear plastic, the linings of metal food cans, trays for frozen food, microwaveable soup containers and plastic baby-food packaging. Researchers are especially concerned about how the chemical affects fetuses and newborns, whose systems are not fully developed. Manufacturers have begun to remove BPA from their products. In the meantime, do not microwave or heat food in any type of plastic container.
Posted by P.J.D publishing at 10:51 AM | biology |
https://primrosepathfarm.net/why-finnsheep-%3F | 2023-12-04T16:46:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100531.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204151108-20231204181108-00646.warc.gz | 0.974184 | 287 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__24098279 | en | For all the latest news, FOLLOW us on Facebook at Primrose Path Farm.
We started with sheep in 2015. After trying a few different breeds, we settled on Finnsheep. We chose Finnsheep because we were looking for a breed with excellent wool, prolific breeders, a smaller breed, and an easy keeper.
Finnsheep wool comes in a variety of colors from solids, white, brown, black, gray and fawn, to piebald which is spotted and badger which is its own pattern. Finnsheep wool has long staple 3"-6" and is praised by hand spinners.
This breed is known to be prolific breeders. Most ewes produce twins up to quads within a single pregnancy. They have been known to have as many as 7 or 8, but that is rare.
Finnsheep are one of the smaller breeds of sheep. Breed standard is rams 170-240 lbs and ewes 130-180 lbs. We prefer to breed our stock on the smaller side.
A wonderful characteristic of Finnsheep is they are easy keepers and friendly. Because of their docile nature and smaller size, they are easier to handle. They do not have horns which can get caught on things and their tails are naturally docked. Finnsheep are friendly and regularly enjoy a scratch on the back or under the chin. | biology |
https://www.momentumlife.co.nz/Stories/how-health-improves-when-you-quit-smoking | 2020-09-24T16:07:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400219221.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200924132241-20200924162241-00449.warc.gz | 0.957731 | 713 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__137897731 | en | You probably already know that smoking is an unhealthy habit. It can affect a person’s entire body, contributing to some serious health risks, including high blood pressure, stroke and heart disease.
The good news is that quitting smoking could help turn your poor health around. In fact, the benefits of quitting may start even sooner than you think! Within just 24 hours, the body starts to repair some of the damage caused by smoking, with even bigger health improvements following in the weeks and years to come.
In the first 24 hours…
After 20 minutes without a cigarette, your blood pressure may start to lower. The heart rate also returns to normal and circulation may start to improve.
After 8 hours, your risk of heart attack starts to fall. This risk should continue to decrease the longer you stay smoke-free.
After 12 hours, the body rids itself of the excess carbon monoxide inhaled through smoking. As your carbon monoxide level returns to normal, the body’s oxygen levels may start to increase.
In the first week…
One day after quitting smoking, your risk of heart disease caused by smoking-induced high blood pressure may begin to drop. As your oxygen levels continue to rise, you may find that exercise and other physical activities are easier than they were before.
After 2 days, you may notice a heightened sense of smell and better taste as these damaged nerves begin to heal.
In the first year…
After 1 month, your lung function may begin to increase. You might notice that you cough less often and may no longer feel short of breath.
In the first 3 months of quitting smoking, blood circulation continues to improve. This helps your organs, including the skin, function better. Healthy skin helps the body fight off bacteria and infection.
After 9 months, the lungs may have healed significantly. Cilia—hair-like structures inside the lungs—that were damaged by smoking are likely working better. You may experience fewer lung infections as a result.
In the first decade…
After 1 year, your risk for coronary heart disease should decrease by half! This risk may continue to drop the longer you stay smoke-free.
After 5 years, arteries and blood vessels that were narrowed by smoking begin to widen. This means the blood is less likely to clot, lowering your risk of stroke.
Further into the future…
Ten years after quitting smoking, the risk of developing lung cancer is cut in half compared to someone who still smokes. The risk of developing mouth, throat or pancreatic cancer is also significantly reduced by this point.
After 15 years, your likelihood of developing heart disease and pancreatic cancer may be about the same as a non-smoker. The risk of having a heart attack could also be the same as a person who has never smoked.
After 20 years, the risk of dying from smoking-related causes, including lung disease and cancer, may even drop to the same level as someone who has never smoked in their life!
A healthier tomorrow
Quitting smoking may be one of the best changes you could make for your health. If you’d like to quit, but are having trouble, there are resources available to help. Talk to your doctor, or visit the Heart Foundation NZ website to get started!
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is of general nature, and does not take into account your personal situation. You should consider whether the information is appropriate to your needs or seek professional advice, where necessary. | biology |
https://pcaskin.co.uk/collections/discolouration/products/pigment-gel-pro | 2023-12-03T21:05:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203193127-20231203223127-00306.warc.gz | 0.858405 | 704 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__179144073 | en | Pigment Gel Pro
Experience a visibly dramatic reduction in the appearance of stubborn hyperpigmentation for all Fitzpatricks and skin types. This advanced, dermatologically tested corrective helps fade the size and intensity of dark spots while helping protect against the appearance of new dark spots. Its industry-leading, proprietary SynerPro Complex, uses multiple modes of action to effectively target stubborn forms of UV and hormonally induced hyperpigmentation, such as photodamage and melasma. The result is skin that appears more even and bright with continued use.
- Delivers a visibly dramatic reduction in the appearance of stubborn hyperpigmentation.
- Improvements in hyperpigmentation seen in as early as 4 weeks.
- Helps fade the size and intensity of dark spots while helping protect against the appearance of new dark spots.
- Effective against UV and hormonally induced hyperpigmentation, such as photodamage and melasma.
- Effective for all Fitzpatrick phototypes and skin types.
HOW TO APPLY: After cleansing and toning, smooth onto the face, neck, and décolleté or affected areas. Use twice daily for maximum benefits. Follow with the appropriate PCA SKIN® treatment serums, and broad spectrum SPF product in the daytime and moisturiser in the evening.
OUR PROPRIETARY COMPLEX
SynerPro Complex - a proprietary technology to deliver a dramatic reduction in the appearance of stubborn hyperpigmentation. This synergistic blend of ingredients helps fade current discoloration while protecting against the appearance of new dark spots for brighter, more even-looking skin.
KEY INGREDIENTS IN SYNERPRO COMPLEX
- Hexylresorcinol - a phenolic lipid that modulates the melanogenesis pathway via tyrosinase and peroxidase inhibition; stimulation of the antioxidant glutathione, as well as the reduced transfer of melanosomes from the melanocytes to the keratinocytes.
- Purified Licorice Root Extract - a highly purified form of licorice containing 95% glabridin, which is responsible for inhibiting hyperpigmentation. It reduces tyrosinase expression, tyrosinase activity, and melanocyte proliferation and migration while inhibiting melanin synthesis in melanocytes. It also inhibits an enzyme released after UV exposure or during inflammation to decrease tyrosinase expression and melanosome transfer.
- Tranexamic Acid - a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine that helps inhibit melanin synthesis through plasminogen/plasmin pathways.
- 4-Butylresorcinol - a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase and peroxidase that leads to a reduction in melanin production.
- Full Ingredients- Water, Alcohol, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water, Butylene Glycol, Niacinamide, Lactic Acid, Gluconolactone, Sodium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate, Tranexamic Acid, Bisabolol, Hexylresorcinol, Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, Propyl Gallate, Pentylene Glycol, 4-Butylresorcinol, Glabridin, Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract, Rosa Damascena Flower Oil, Rosa Damascena Flower Water. | biology |
http://naturaldirections.com/the-non-gmo-project/ | 2020-01-21T05:38:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250601615.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20200121044233-20200121073233-00182.warc.gz | 0.947612 | 158 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__52586800 | en | Has Natural Directions® Joined the Non-GMO Project?
Yes! At Natural Directions®, we understand that our customers want to know as much as possible about the products they purchase.
We encourage you to learn more about the Non-GMO Project by visiting their website. You’ll learn about genetically engineered seeds and their potential impact on crops, food production, farming and our environment.
Natural Directions® enrolled in the Non-GMO Project in April, 2013. As we work through the verification process, our website will be updated to reflect the status of our products, and our packaging will feature the highly recognizable Non-GMO Project icon as products complete the verification process.
Below is a list of our current products that are Non-GMO Project Verified: | biology |
https://gm.itam.ws/1591-alta-seed-plant-cuttings-and-maintain.html | 2021-09-23T23:30:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057479.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923225758-20210924015758-00212.warc.gz | 0.902968 | 1,855 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__165249193 | en | Altéa flower, Altéa plant
You are probably looking for the althea
Beautiful flowers in coroles, to create, embellish or flower a hedge. Altea is a very branched shrub that produces large white flowers with a carmine heart (Diana) and still color ... The flowers of Altea appear in early summer until early fall. It is a shrub which, if in the best conditions, is extremely floriferous.
Altea is a "flexible" plant ... It can be pruned into a tree or bush, or grown in beds.
Perennial - Shrub - easy plant in the garden.
• Cycle: Perennial
• Foliage: Lapsed
• Hardiness: Very hardy plant
• Family: Malvaceae
• Harbor : Shrubby habit
• Exhibition: Sun and partial shade
• Ground : All soil but rather cool, rich in humus and drained
• Sowing: Spring after seed stratification
• Plantation: Autumn in priority and Spring
• Flowering: May to July
• Fruiting: –
• Rooting: Roots
• Cultivation area: Zone 5 (see rusticity cards: France or Quebec)
• Origin: Asia, Korea, India (unclear origin)
• Honey plant: Yes
• Edible plant: –
Special features of the altéa plant:
• Easy to grow
• Rapid growth
• Great hardiness
• Cut foliage
• Althea is a hardy and very hardy shrub. It resists years and extreme cold (-20 to -25 °).
• The more sun the Althea receives, the more flowering it is.
• The Althea is a little difficult. This Hibiscus syriacus can be used anywhere in the garden as long as it gets some sun anyway, partial shade exposure is fine for it but not shade.
• The shrub can be planted in a container. Apart from pruning and watering in the event of a long period of drought, there is nothing to do except to enjoy it.
Benefits to the garden
Althéa is a plant for all garden enthusiasts: possibilities of pruning, shrub, hedge, tree, flowering time, 3 months from August to October. Althea is also fertile in bloom.
Description of Alta flower
Althea, or Tree Mallow, produces a lot of ramifications, so a lot of branches that produce flowers. Althea can be grown in a tree, this work is rather limited to seasoned home gardeners, but if you like it in this form, you will find it in this form in the garden center. The tree can then be pruned into a ball, for example.
Method of multiplication of altéa
• Sowing is possible but the simplest method remains the practice of cuttings.
How to sow the altéa?
The seedlings of the altéa are more complex for 2 reasons, first you have to find the seeds, then the seeds before being sown should be stratified. Stratification is a natural operation which aims to restore the seed to its fertile capacity. In general, the seeds that are to be stratified have an envelope, stratification destroys the envelope. The seed in contact with the earth can then begin its germination process.
Collect the seeds:
The Altéa or Tree Mallow produces small fruits which when opened, release the seeds. The ideal is to place a small bag with a rubber band around several fruits in order to collect enough seeds before they fall to the ground.
Stratify the seeds, 3-step stratification:
Start layering at the very beginning of the year.
• Soak the seeds in twice their volume of cold water 5 ° C MAX for 2 days.
• Then, in a waterproof and transparent “tupperware” type box, place them in successive layers in damp sand, a bed of sand, seeds and so on. close the waterproof cover.
• Place the box at an average temperature of 20 to 25 ° C.
• Open the lid weekly, for 6 to 8 Weeks.
Laminate the alta seeds, outdoors:
• From autumn, in a terracotta pot, place the seeds in successive layers in a soil-sand mixture.
• Place the pot outside in the shelter of a wall. The pot will have to receive the rain which will make it possible to moisten the earth but no more.
• The seeds will spend fall and winter under natural conditions and degrade.
• The following spring they should be able to germinate while sowing.
• Prepare buckets filled with seed soil.
• Place one seed per bucket pushed in at 3 times its size.
• Keep moist until rising.
• Then water on dry soil.
• Wait until autumn to replant in the ground.
When to cut the altea?
• In spring, in April or May.
How to cut:
• Select a young spring shoot, on a supporting branch, of about 20 cm. It should not bear any sign of disease or parasite.
• Cut it in a "T", keeping the whole small branch as well as a small section 4 cm from the supporting branch.
• Remove the leaves from the cut on half of the branch.
• Prepare a bucket half full of soil for planting.
• Place the cutting.
• Fill with potting soil, tamping down well.
• Water well.
• Place everything under the frame if you have one ...
• Otherwise use a clean freezer type bag.
• Use it as a bell that covers the plant.
• Close tightly with a rubber band on the pot.
• Open once a week to check that the soil is still moist and to allow the plant to breathe fresh air.
• You can transplant in the fall or the following spring.
A word from the gardener:
• For more success, Find some hormone powder for cuttings and sprinkle it on the cut ends of the branch before placing it in the ground in the cup.
• What is this type of cutting called ? A “crossette” cutting due to the “T” butt.
• Before making the cutting, clean /disinfect all the tools, pruning shears, scissors ...
When to plant an altea?
• For planting in the ground, from the end of October to April.
• For an already large shrub, it is quite possible to plant in the spring.
How to plant the altea?
• Dig a hole 40 to 50 cm deep and in diameter.
• Loosen the soil well. Remove stones and weed roots ...
• Add a horn-based fertilizer about 100 g to the bottom of the hole, ie a nice handful, which must be mixed with the soil.
• Fill the hole halfway with a mixture of soil, planting soil and composted manure (Fumelite) or compost from the garden.
• Trim the ends of the roots of the shrub to cool them and stimulate new growth.
• Position the althea graft point at ground level or slightly buried in cold climates.
• Fill the hole with soil and possibly additional planting compost.
• Press down firmly on the foot to compact the shrub at its base, forming a bowl.
A word from the amateur gardener:
Important: watering must be abundant, a good ten liters of water. This is what will ensure good cohesion between the roots and the soil, and which will allow a better recovery.
• For plants that are already a bit large, prune Altera twigs (20 to 30cm) above a bud placed towards the outside of the antler.
Altéa Blanc China, Altéa bleue Marina, see also Marsh Hibiscus parent of the Altéa
You can plant weigelias, buddleias, and why not a purple hazel tree.
With or without a garden ...
In the garden, in hedge, shrub, tree, in group or isolated, Althéa finds its place!
And without a garden? The Altea will work well in a large pot or container.
Photo by Killer Cereal picked on wikimedia.org under Creative Commons 2.0
Shrub pruning: technique, period
The size of shrubs has an important role in the development, flowering or just the balance of your subject.
Far from being difficult, it will even become a pleasure for you when you begin to master some simple and essential gestures to perform it.
A real makeover for plants, pruning is always beneficial and allows them to grow back in a magnificent way.
There are 2 categories of shrubs: evergreen and deciduous | biology |
http://www.sengenics.com/protein/applications/ | 2017-07-26T10:27:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549426133.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170726102230-20170726122230-00417.warc.gz | 0.91728 | 1,220 | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-30__0__121606643 | en | Given the unique features of the Sengenics Immunome technology, it can be used in many ways. Although this technology has significant potential, some of the ways we can apply them include:
Discovery of autoantibody-based therapeutics
Autoantibodies are produced by the immune system in many pathogenic processes, and have been implicated as important biomarkers in cancer, auto-immune disease and cancer immunotherapy adverse drug reactions. Its appearance may precede disease symptoms by many years and due to the inherent amplification of the immune system, they are readily detectable. Their unique potential for pre-symptomatic and early diagnosis of disease makes autoantibodies exceptionally effective tools for biomarker discovery, and determining and analysing off-target cross-reactivity.
Sengenics’ Immunome protein array platform can help you discover processes and pathways that are affected by the autoantibodies easily, and is uniquely positioned to determine the autoantibody’s interaction with isoforms of the same protein in terms of linear AND conformational epitopes. Given that antibodies with high affinity & specificity can also be identified using Immunome, it can also assist in disease prediction and prognosis, which translates to more effective antibody-based therapeutics once combined with novel bioinformatics methods and algorithms. This results in an increase of the probability of earlier diagnosis, improved disease prediction and stratification of patients.
Stratification of human response to drugs based on autoantibodies
- ADR Cancer Immunotherapy/Checkpoint Inhibitors
Adverse Drug Reactions in cancer immunotherapy
Immunotherapies have been changing the outlook for many cancer patients. Inhibition of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed death 1 (PD1) immune checkpoints has been proven to activate the immune system. Either individually or in combination, administration of CTLA4 and PD1 inhibitors have shown promising results for the treatment of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.
However, as cancers are complex and diverse, what works well against one type of cancer might have little effect against another, and what works for some patients might not work for everyone. Due to this, despite its benefit, immunotherapies have been associated with immune-related adverse events (irAE), including autoimmunity. Therefore, profiling immunotherapy-related immuno-toxicity in cancer patients could serve as a tool to better predict the correct dosage and combination, as well as patient’s response to treatment. This could help lessen the effect of irAE in immunotherapies.
The unique surface technology that underpins the Immunome protein array platform makes it ideal for various medical and therapeutic proteomics applications, including cancer biomarker and neoantigen profiling, monitoring of patient response to therapy, protein-protein interaction mapping, modulation of protein function by PTMs and mutations, and quantification of drug selectivity.
Discovery of autoantibody biomarkers for diagnostics
- Diagnosis of various infectious diseases
Sengenics’ Immunome protein array platform can be customized to include viral/bacterial/parasitic antigens that can be used against human samples in order to diagnose infections.
- Biomarker discovery
This includes testing of various biological samples in an attempt to find biomarkers. Simultaneous and rapid analysis of thousands of proteins in a high-throughput manner is made possible using this protein microarray technology. The identification of multiple biomarkers can result in the development of clinical tests with improved sensitivity and specificity.
Functional assays for any protein and any interacting biomolecule
- Conventional receptor binding assay
Receptor binding assays using the Immunome protein array platform can be used in discovery and mechanism studies. With the enhanced precision that Immunome offers, one can produce results that are more biologically valid and relevant, reducing the time needed to discover new pathways and mechanisms in human diseases.
- Receptor binding disruption assay
Additionally, the receptor binding assays described above can also be combined with monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to ascertain the effectiveness of these compounds on the ability of the pathogen to bind to the receptor. With the enhanced precision that the Immunome protein array platform offers, the results are more biologically valid and relevant. Thus, reducing the time needed to discover new pathways and mechanisms in human diseases.
Characterisation of protein interactions with any other biomolecule
- Protein-X interactions
Protein-X studies can potentially allow us to elucidate the roles of various different proteins in the context of protein-protein interactions, as well as its role in various different types of cellular processes.
Examples of Protein-X interactions include:
- Kinase inhibition assays
- Identification of off-target interactions
- Identification of their mechanisms of action
- Discovery of novel protein connections
- Predicting new interactome models
- Mapping protein pathways
- Quantification of DNA binding efficiency of proteins
- Study of DNA repair mechanisms
- Anti-viral activity research
- Predictive Toxicology
Adverse drug reactions is an issue for pharma, patients and hospitals because of the potential for injury, disability and loss of life. However, the Sengenics Immunome platform allows you to accurately identify and examine interactions between proteins, biomarkers, and affected pathways. This allows you to anticipate the types of adverse effects that could manifest in patients, differentiate low-value and high value drug candidates, and plan your research cycle accordingly.
An example use case for the Immunome protein array platform in relation to Predictive Toxicology is the Iressa case study. More information on this study can be found over here.
- Protein Production
Using this technology, we are also able to produce any protein at milligram-level quantity, using any expression system. To find out more about this service, please go to the Services page. | biology |
http://en.ykdc.com/news/216.html | 2021-09-23T23:11:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057479.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923225758-20210924015758-00679.warc.gz | 0.930786 | 405 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__175516574 | en | Yingkou xiong yue dacheng gardening tools co., LTD
Fruit tree pruning includes winter pruning and summer pruning.
1. Pruning is mainly to prune elongated branches, drooping branches, dorsal branches, over-dense branches, disease and insect branches and weak twigs. Pruning can control the amount of fruit and improve the quality of fruit trees.
2. Pruning is for fruit tree shaping, pear tree is three main branches evacuation stratified, peach is three main branches open, pomegranate is natural round head.
3. Summer pruning is from June to August. As long as you feel dense, you can prune a part of the branches from the branches to get light, but don't prune the fruiting branches, otherwise you won't eat the fruits.
4. Winter pruning is mainly short pruning, that is, cutting a part of the branches from the top, 1/3 or 1/2, in order to promote the growth of fruit trees, reduce the results, but also pruning part of the fruiting branches, because there is a causal relationship between the fruit tree results, more fruit will be smaller.
After planting, the tree tray should be repaired immediately so that it can be watered and watered thoroughly on the same day. After a week, water the soil according to its moisture content to ensure that the soil is not short of water. After planting large size seedlings, in order to prevent the tree body from tilting after watering, triangular support with sticks should be carried out in time. This method is particularly important for evergreen trees and windy places. After planting pruned flowers and shrubs, dry and dead branches should be cut off in time, damaged and bruised branches should be truncated, and perennial branches should be retracted properly to promote the germination of new branches. After planting hedgerows, they should be trimmed to make them neat and beautiful. | biology |
https://atelierdeyessita.wordpress.com/2019/11/04/ateles/ | 2021-06-21T23:06:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488504838.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20210621212241-20210622002241-00534.warc.gz | 0.867772 | 426 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__183236575 | en | El pequeño mono me mira… ¡Quisiera decirme algo que se le olvida!
“Ateles” encourages the wise use of nature, and empowers a new generation of conservationists!!
We focused on the research and conservation of Mexican Spider Monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) to create “Ateles”, an academic project consisting of six episodes to talk about the animal in its world.
“Ateles” is a project to dialogue about how human actions affect the natural ecosystems, and gathers the voices of local children and environmental educators to inspire positive actions.
Discover what children say about monkey’s conservation!! This short video represented Mexico during the Conservation Symposium in 2018 at the Chester Zoo, where Dr. Luisa Rebecchini presented our collaborative work.
“Ateles” embraces the positive conservationism movement and includes three academic reports, created with the participation of the National Geographic explorers, Filippo Aureli and Denise Spaan, along with members of the Liverpool John Moores University, Universidad Veracruzana and the NGO ConMonoMaya.
“Ateles” is part of the third season of “Beyond Science”, a season devoted to social complex phenomena. Its production was authorised by the Mexican Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources, and released for national broadcasting in RTV and Canal Once.
The creativity behind
The name of “Ateles” is derived from the genus Ateles of the spider monkeys, found in the tropical forests of southern Mexico.
Its visual design incorpores bright green colours from the jungle, in contrast with soft sand coloured visual elements, that make the perfect balance to enjoy the view, and stay present along the narrative.
We collaborated with Colectivo Hojarasca to create outstanding images of the monkeys and the natural reserves of the Yucatan Peninsula.
Watch “Ateles” here:
Music: The Wizardry Project. | biology |
https://www.hwalibrary.com/cgi-bin/get/hwa.cgi?action=getspectopics&InfoID=1532786006&InfoType=ST&byGraphicList=byGraphic&page=4&return=spectopics | 2024-04-18T01:47:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817184.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417235906-20240418025906-00158.warc.gz | 0.964558 | 10,835 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__200366315 | en | Did giant draft horses and sleek Thoroughbreds evolve from rabbit-sized ancestors? Neat diagrams in science textbooks say yes. But research the details and you find a horse of a different color! Increasingly, scientists are questioning what has been the greatest array of "evidence" ever assembled in favor of evolution.
SOME YEARS ago a noted scientist rose to challenge the commonly accepted evolutionary family tree of the horse. The occasion was an august British science association meeting. The scientist was Professor T. S. Westoll, Durham University geologist. Professor Westoll told a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Edinburgh that nearly everyone had taken the early classical evolutionary tree for granted . The idea that one may trace the beginning of the horse family from the small, dog-sized eohippus to our present-day horse was all wrong, he announced . He did not, mind you, denounce the evolutionary theory. But he did contest major parts of the evolutionary horse family tree in favor of his version. But why? The family tree of the horse is supposed to be the most convincing example of evolution in action!
Did the Horse Evolve?
The saga of supposed horse evolution is found in countless texts in general science. Teachers pointing to neat, scientific-appearing diagrams tell their students, "Here is a simple, easy-to-understand proof that the modern-day horse evolved from a small, doglike ancestor." One individual challenged us to take on this "proof" of evolution and attempt to refute it. In this reader's own words: "I noticed that you perpetually pick on the areas of the evolutionary scheme that are weak. Weak spots do not make a thing wrong. Weak spots indicate a lack of time for drawing evidences. Why don't you pick on some of the well-proven parts of evolution. The evolution of the horse, for example. Every good encyclopedia in the world has that in it. Would they print false information in research books?" This letter illustrates again how much FAITH people have in science. It seemed unbelievable to this person that any untruths could appear in "research books." But research books are not the words of divinity, but the notions of men. And they have contained, in the past, everything from the Piltdown Man hoax to the supposition that mice leapt into being spontaneously from piles of rotten rags. Unfortunately, there are very few scientists who agree among themselves, and there exist almost as many ideas in the evolutionary patchwork of guesses as there are individual scientists to postulate them. But let's get to the point — and not horse around about it.
The All-Important Fossil Record
Look in any textbook on geology or paleontology. You find each contains some statement as: "The most direct sort of evidence on the truth of evolution must, after all, be provided by the fossil record" (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, pp. 220, 221). Here, then, is where evolutionists stand and fight. And they have chosen the horse as their most mighty weapon! The question is: Will the idea of horse evolution stand up under the cold, hard light of close scrutiny? For over one hundred years, paleontologists have been amassing fossils, trying to patch together a genealogy for the horse. It all really began about 1859 when Charles Darwin published his book, The Origin of Species. Paleontologists rushed to the fields searching for fossils. With bones of many animals in hand, they began to construct various sequences purporting to show how a particular animal might have evolved from some other form. Their greatest "success" came in putting together sequences of bones to make up the evolution of the horse story. By 1900 the tale was complete. Only minor details have been filled in since then.
A Classroom Tool
This supposed horse sequence is still the best tool evolutionists have to convince others that evolution is a fact. Simpson candidly tells us: "The beautiful series of ancient and modern horses displayed in many museums are still the simplest way to convince any open-minded person that evolution is a fact. You can see it with your own eyes." (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, p. xxxiii.) You are confidently informed that fossils of an animal called eohippus (e-o-hi p'-us) gradually changed his teeth, lost three toes and grew in stature to become the horse of today. The average high school or college student is told without hesitation that this is an incontrovertible fact. He is not encouraged to research for himself to find whether the supposed evolution, in fact, did occur. What dozens of paleontologists have put together over a span of one hundred years surely could not be wrong. Or could it?
Can Scientists Be Wrong?
Is it possible then, that the paleontological facts which have been unearthed with spade, shovel and scratcher — were wrongly interpreted? In this article we challenge the interpretation of the facts, not the facts themselves. We quote the admissions of the scientists themselves. Every quote in every article is from a leading scientist respected by his colleagues. Our articles are merely a commentary on their admissions of where the theory is unproven. And, when you amass all the information, shockingly you find — the theory of evolution is unproved everywhere! In most cases, the scientists themselves do not realize the significance of the admissions they make. With this in mind, let's delve into the horse story and see what the paleontologists do admit.
Under Grave Suspicion?
Reading through a book on mammals by a well-known scientist, one is shocked to read that some scientists doubt the neat picture of the horse story. "The origin of the horse was until recently thought to be better known than that of any other mammal; this was based on a series of complete fossil skeletons of dozens of different extinct creatures, starting with simple animals of the size and shape of small dogs with five fingers and four toes, and ending with the modern Thoroughbred. "However, this pleasantly neat evolutionary picture of orderly progression in tooth structure, loss of toes, increase in size, and wrist and ankle elongation has now unfortunately come under grave suspicion. "So many side-branches have been brought to light, so many intermediary forms are completely lacking that we can now only say that the classic description is no more than a guide to the probable steps by which the modern horse evolved." (Mammals of the World, Ivan T. Sanderson, p. 222.) What is this? The simplistic idea of horse evolution under grave suspicion? Too many intermediary or transitional forms completely lacking? Too many "side-branches"? Only a "guide" to the probable steps? George G. Simpson, well-known paleontologist, reveals other problems with the horse history chart so blithely reproduced in the average textbook.
His admission is shocking: "Earlier students usually pointed to the evolution of the horse as a typical example of orthogenesis [straight-line, constant evolution] and the best proof of that theory. It is now seen that this was a serious mistake, a mistake caused
WAS THIS A HORSE? — Artist's concept of eohippus — claimed to be a horse ancestor. Notice what appears to be horse-like head. See article for admissions by paleontologists that skeletal remains demonstrate eohippus was not a "hippus" — did not have a horse-like head. (See PDF for Pictures)
in part by inadequate evidence and in still larger part by superficial and erroneous methods of study. "Some students of evolution who were not really well acquainted with the whole picture of horse evolution simply picked out parts of it that seemed to fit an orthogenetic interpretation, and their false conclusions were accepted and endlessly repeated by others who knew still less about these subjects... There was, for instance, no constant and overall increase in size... The feet did not steadily change from four toes to three and then to one... And so it goes for all the changes that have occurred in the history of the family; not one of them shows the constant, guided change in a single direction that is demanded by the theory of orthogenesis." (Horus) George Gaylord Simpson, pp. 270, 271.) Scientists picked out parts that made the theory appear right? False conclusions accepted and repeated by others? No steady changes in one direction?
If the theory of evolution is so logical, so capable of explaining everything — how did such mistakes occur? Simpson admits there is no proof that the toes steadily changed from four to three (what happened to two?) to one. Paleontologists have no neatly linked transitional creatures. If evolution were a fact, one should see a neat progression — with all intermediate steps logically following each other. But one simply doesn't — not even among the supposed star proof of evolution — our maligned horse. Simpson is not the only paleontologist who discusses this problem. Another well-known scientist frankly tells us: "The horses are often cited as an outstanding example of 'straight-line evolution' or of 'orthogenesis,' and it is frequently maintained that these animals evolved with little deviation, along a straight-line path from the little Eocene Hyracotherium or eohippus to the modern horse, Equus.... "When all fossils are taken into account the history of horses in North America is seen to be anything but a simple progression along a single line of development." (Evolution of the Vertebrates, Edwin S. Colbert, pp. 360, 361.) When you take all the fossils into account, there is, in fact, no evidence of evolution. Paleontologists — in spite of denials — still take the bones that seem to fit their theory. Of course, many questions can be raised. If a five-toed ancestor is "primitive" and a one-toed horse is "progressive" — where does man fit? Man has five toes on each foot, not one. Is man to be considered "primitive"? Evolutionists don't usually consider such "problems." Some scientists were candid enough to face the problems. They did not, of course, renounce evolution — but they at least had the candor to admit there were problems.
To Count or Not To Count
Regarding the supposed reduction of toes, one of the proofs given of horse evolution, Simpson admitted: "Regarding the feet, the old idea of a steady, uninterrupted reduction in number of toes is, as has lately become clear, not only over-simplified but also ESSENTIALLY FALSE... simply counting the toes gives hardly any idea of what was really going on in regard to the functioning foot in the living animals." (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, p. 256.) But "counting the toes" is crucial to the idea of horse evolution. The concept of toe reduction and tooth changes are the two major proofs cited for horse evolution. If these are not true, the theory has little by which to defend itself.
A Pony Tale
Let's take the supposed genealogy of the horse step by step. Let's scrutinize each step and see if indeed evolution has occurred. The story of how the horse genealogy was built up is an intriguing one. It goes back to the year 1838. Before this time there were no known bones of such an animal called eohippus. But in that year a discovery of bones was made which took its place at the beginning of the supposed genealogy of the horse. In 1838, William Colchester, an English brickmaster, was digging in the clay banks of the river Deben. He dug so deep that his shovel hit sand. In a shovel full of sand he noticed what looked like an old tooth. In the next year another Englishman, William Richardson, was rummaging around a place called Studd Hill on the coast of Kent. He found a large part of an ancient skull — with most of the teeth well preserved. These have been called the first "horse" fossils discovered. But did they really look like horses? Let's take them at face value — without interpretation. Here is one plain admission. "No one even suspected at that time these were ancestral horses. How could they? The specimens found by Colchester and Richardson had almost no special resemblance to the living horse. "The teeth, instead of the great, ridged, grinding prisms of our present horse, were small, low, and cusped, really more like monkey teeth than horse teeth. The little skull... looked [as its first describer, Richard Owen, remarked] rather like 'that of the Hare or other timid Rodentia.' "From the evidence then available, it would have been most unscientific to jump to the conclusion that this queer little beast was a sort of a horse. Owen named it Hyracotherium [Hie-ra-co-thee'-ri-um]. (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, p. 114.)
Calling a Hare a Horse
Aha! Then eohippus is not a hippus (horse)! Its bones look like a hare or one of the scientific family of Rodentia (such as squirrels, beavers, and porcupines). Perhaps like a modern hyrax, or even the Biblical "coney," sometimes confused with a rabbit. Simpson admits it would have been unscientific to claim this beast was a horse. Then what possible reason would you have for calling it a horse? It didn't look like a horse — different teeth, different skull, different body, different feet! George Gaylord Simpson explains why paleontologists later called this UNhorselike fossil a horse. "Owen compared the small Eocene mammal with the hyraxes... which, indeed, it resembles more than it does the recent horses... When, much later, similar fossils were found in the Eocene of North America, the principle of evolution had been well established. "Professor Marsh [eminent 19th century paleontologist] was therefore able to recognize that these fossils were horse ancestors, and he coined for them the apt and euphonious name Eohippus, 'dawn horse,' referring also to the fact that they occur in the Eocene, 'dawn of the recent,' epoch." (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, pp. 147, 148, 149.) Instead of taking the bones at face value, as Owen did, Marsh interpreted the bones according to the theory of evolution. He forced the facts to fit the theory. As Simpson admitted in an article appearing some years ago in the magazine Natural History, "The description of Owen would not seem amiss if our mental image of Hyracotherium were not so colored by later knowledge [?] that it was ancestral to the horse." ("Resurrection of the Dawn Horse," George Gaylord Simpson, Natural History. November, 1940.) Any paleontologist wanting to preserve his professional status would never have considered Hyracotherium or Eohippus a horse in 1839. They all called it exactly what it was. "When in 1839 part of a skull was found... in London days, even the most eminent paleontologists of the day little suspected that the 'Eohippus' belonged to the horse family... in fact Sir Richard Owen named its genus Hyracotherium... when he compared it with conies (hyrax), pigs and rodents." (Time, Life and Man, R. A. Stirton, p. 465.)
Eohippus After Evolution
Even as late as 1872 — some 13 years after Darwin published his ideas on evolution — we find the American evolutionary paleontologist, E. D. Cope, still thinking eohippus fossils were what they looked like, not what an evolutionist arbitrarily claimed them to be. Cope found a fragment of a lower jaw and one tooth at Evanstown, Wyoming in 1872. "Cope was no more able to deduce its horse relationships from this fragment than Owen could from similar fragments found 10 Suffolk... Cope also at first confused some of the teeth of dawn-horses [which they are not] and those of monkey-like animals." ("Resurrection of the Dawn Horse," George Gaylord Simpson, Natural History, November, 1940.) Then why were these innocent, rabbit-like bones dumped into the horse family? Let Professor Simpson answer: "The theory of evolution was soon [after 1859] accepted by practically all scientists. "With the firm establishment of this theory, students of fossils, that is, paleontologists, naturally began to look around to see whether they could not,
A FAMILY AFFAIR — Top photo shows skeleton of modern horse alongside reconstruction of its supposed ancestor, eohippus. Paleontologists admit there is no reason to connect eohippus with the horse family — as even the above comparison indicates. Below, four-toed eohippus compared with one-toed horse. Both are distinct mammals with no relationship to each other except in name. (See PDF for Pictures)
by comparing ancient animals of different ages, find the ancestors of living animals." (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, p. 115.)
What Was Eohippus?
It's time we cut through the confusion. Let's understand what eohippus was not and what he WAS. The work, in fact, has already been done for us. Scientists simply haven't understood the import of what they say. Note the following which dearly tells us what eohippus was: "The first discovery, made in Europe, was called Hyracotherium [same as eohippus] because of a superficial resemblance to the Old World cony, or HYRAX... some species were 10 inches high at the shoulder, weighed 8 or 9 pounds, and compared with an alley cat in build. Others were 20 inches high and weighed about four times as much. All had arched, flexible backs and high hindquarters, which gave the beasts an almost rabbitlike appearance." (The Fossil Book, Carroll Lane Fenton and Mildred Adams Fenton, p. 417.) There is your answer! The bones called "eohippus" are similar to those of an Old World hyrax, often confused with the coney. Although to make a positive assertion today that eohippus was a type of hyrax would be looked upon as foolish. But to call eohippus a "horse" is absolutely ridiculous. It has no connection with the horse family. Its looks prove it was not an ancestor of the horse.
No Need for Eohippus to Evolve
Besides, why should "eohippus" evolve? He was a creature perfectly made to fit in his own environmental niche. A leading paleontologist admits this to be true: "Eohippus was NOT an imperfect model that needed to have the teeth, feet and other parts rebuilt to make it into Equus. Eohippus was a going concern on its own, a well-adapted animal that got along very well in its own world and following its own habits." (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, p. 230.) If eohippus got along well in the world, why did he have to evolve? If you claim he DID evolve, why are there little creatures alive today which so closely resemble eohippus? Evolution cannot answer. This forest-dwelling browser's brain didn't even resemble a horse's brain. One authority admits: "Another MOST UNHORSELIKE characteristic of Hyracotherium was its brain." (Introduction to Evolution, Paul Amos Moody, p. 203.) But in spite of no obvious relationship, evolutionists tried to make eohippus look like a horse. They were determined to have their own way. This little bit of hanky-panky IS commented on by Simpson: "Proportions [for eohippus] are so different from Equus that the head of eohippus, WHEN CORRECTLY RESTORED, does not look like a small horse's head. The snout does taper slightly and suggest the beginning of a muzzle, but at this stage the development is so slight that we should not notice it particularly if we did not know what was to come later. The brain was small and its structure was so primitive that it suggests the most primitive mammal brains, or even the brain of a reptile, more than it does that of the living horse." (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, pp. 152, 153.) The head DID NOT look like a small horse's head. But scientists, desperately wanting evolution to be true, drew eohippus' head to look like a horse's head! What kind of science is this?
Done in the Name of Science
Why scientists did this is clear. Assuming that "what was to come later" was evolution, evolutionists imagined that eohippus fulfilled their analogy. Hence, he was the "primitive" ancestor of the horse! A small example of how scientists tried to make rabbit-like eohippus look like a horse was not discovered until 1956. "The scapula [shoulder blade] of Hyracotherium has usually been restored to resemble that of later horses... In the collection of the California Institute of Technology are a partial skull and nearly complete post-cranial skeleton from the Gray Bull beds of the Big Horn Basin of Wyoming. "Both scapulae [shoulder blades] are virtually complete and are to my knowledge the only ones in existence with the blade intact. I have examined casts of both scapulae. They are far more doglike than horse-like.., the areas of muscle insertion on the medial side of the scapula are as nearly as can be determined from the cast, ALMOST EXACTLY as they are in Canis," (American Hyracotherium, David B, Kitts, 1956, p. 21.) So artists were guilty of stylizing their drawings to force eohippus to fit into the evolutionary theory, What we have are tacit admissions by evolutionists that the neat artists' concepts you see in your science textbooks are NOT ACCURATE. Scientist Theodosius Dobzhansky states without hesitation: "Many textbooks and popular accounts of biology represent the evolution of the horse family as starting with eohippus and progressing in a direct line towards the modern horse, Equus... according to Simpson, this over-simplification really amounts to a FALSIFICATION" (Theodosius Dobzhansky, evolution, Genetics, and Man, p. 302). Did you grasp that? Here an eminent scientist quotes another eminent scientist. He tells us that what teachers and college science students read about this subject in their science textbooks is an "over-simplification" — "a falsification"! Well, it looks like poor eohippus has been rather widely misrepresented. If the animal were alive and could think) he would literally turn over in his grave.
Eohippus and the Hyrax
When you carefully examine the record IN DETAIL some startling parallels between eohippus and the hyrax become evident: One writer says this of eohippus: "The grinding teeth [of eohippus], which had low crowns, were fit only for eating SOFT LEAVES AND PULPY FRUITS. the front feet had four toes, each with a hoof; the hind feet possessed only three" (C. L. Fenton, The Fossil Book, p. 418). Then compare this with a description of the modern hyrax, which some have confused with the cud-chewing coney of the Bible: "A small group of plantigrade-Herbivorous ungulates with HOOFS... FOUR TOES ON THE ANTERIOR [FRONT] limbs and three toes on the posterior [hind] limbs!" (L. A. Adams, Introduction to the Vertebrates, p. 44.) How clear from the characteristics given! The "horse ancestor" was not a horse at all. It was an animal very similar to the hyrax. Both were herbivorous — feeding on plants, soft leaves and pulpy fruits! Notice also that both eohippus and the modern hyrax had four toes on their front limbs — and three on the hind limbs! There are many other likenesses that prove the fossils to be of the same family as the hyrax and not the horse! "In size these animals [hyrax and coney] may be compared roughly to rabbits and hares, and they have rodent-like habits of hunching up their backs" (Encyclopaedia Britannica. 11th edition, vol. 14, art. "Hyracoidean). Both the modern hyrax and the eohippus fossil are "rabbit-like." Both hunch up their backs — another obvious similarity.
Both Had Dog-Like Pads
Hyraxes, like conies, are rock-dwelling animals (see Psalm 104:18; Prov. 30:26). They have pad-like feet to insure a stable under-footing in such rugged country. "The hyracoidea [hyrax family], a group of small, hoofed mammals, including the Biblical coney... climb easily, clinging even to almost vertical surfaces with the PADS ON THEIR FEET" (Encyclopedia Americana, art. "Hyracoidea"). "The feet are completely distinctive, being four toes on the front feet, three on the hind... a single pad makes up the bottom of each foot" (Edwin Colbert, Evolution of the Vertebrates, p. 403). Now compare the modern hyrax — described above — with the assumed ancestor of the horse. You will find the same characteristics present in eohippus: Most of the weight was carried by DOGLIKE PADS on the sales of the feet, not by the hoofs" (C. L. Fenton, The Fossil Book, p. 418). Of course, scientists cannot absolutely tell from the skeletons whether the foot had one single pad like the hyrax or one for each toe like the dog. Again, from another author. the same fact is admitted: "Though there were little hoofs... most of the weight was borne on CUSHIONED PADS back of the hoof" (R. A. Stirton, Time, Life and Man, p. 468). That does it! Eohippus is a fossil type similar to the living hyrax — not the horse. In other words, modern evolutionists gave a wrong name to hyrax — like fossils they found in certain rock strata. They should never have been called "eohippus."
The rock-solid evidence for the evolution of the horse has crumbled at its foundations. Our "fearless charger" suddenly becomes a frightened "rabbit." But let's not stop here. Eohippus is no real "hippus" or horse. But what about the next stage in "horsey" evolution -the three-toed creatures, such as Mesohippus? Let's have a look at Mesohippus Merychippus and others. Are they really horses of different color? A three-toed horse called Merychippus supposedly began his evolutionary history somewhere roughly 20 million years ago, his remains today being found in what are called Miocene strata. This and other three-toed horses, claims evolution, evolved into the present-day one-toed horse in the Pliocene, perhaps eight million years ago. If they had to evolve, these three-toed horses should have become extinct. Therefore, no three-toed horses should have been around for the last few millions of years. Otherwise, where is the need for evolution? If a three-toed horse managed to survive all these millions of years, there was no need for him to evolve. Now look at the facts —
Three-Toed Horses in Modern Times
Three-toed horses known in modern times? Shocking as it may seem, it is nonetheless true! This amazing fact is found buried In a 1922 Guide to the Specimens of the Horse Family! Department of Zoology, British Museum of Natural History, pp. 10, 11. It discusses the foot bones of three Shire horses. One was called Blaisdon Conqueror, another Prince William. The third was unnamed. Of Prince William, this Guide said he "MAY BE SAID TO BE A VERITABLE THREE-TOED HORSE." The second horse also displayed this three-toed characteristic. Said the Guide, "The cannon-bones of 'Blaisdon Conqueror' also display an EQUALLY large development of the splint bones." In fact ALL THREE of the horses were three-toed. The Guide continued: "There is the remarkable fact that three skeletons of Shire horses exhibit more or Jess strongly developed rudiments of the lateral toes of the extinct three-toed Hipparion. "The obvious inference is that this IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE BREED! "In a certain sense, therefore, a considerable number of existing horses are really three-toed animals." Why haven't these facts been publicized? Why haven't they been given their true meaning and importance?
Unraveling the Truth
These Shires were an example of what may be called "living fossils" — animals supposedly extinct but turning up unexpectedly to embarrass evolutionists! This information is available in England for leading paleontologists to see, to evaluate and understand. It has been cited before — but the significance of these facts probably has never before been published. American paleontologists also had similar facts available to see. In fact, the Yale Peabody Museum — which has the world's second-best collection of fossil "horses" — also has evidence of modern multitoed horses. "The Yale collection contains specimens representing three examples of the occurrence of extra toes in the modern horse... although they are abnormal in the development of one lateral digit only... as we know of no two-toed fossil horses." (The Evolution of the Hone family, Richard Swann Lull, p. 9.) Right here is rather an embarrassing problem. Can evolution really ask a person to believe that horses "jumped" from three toes to one — with no intermediate fossils? Certainly, one would
ARGENTINE LILLIPUTIAN HORSES — Are these an evolutionary link in horse evolution? Or just a variety within the species? (See PDF for Pictures)
want some strong proof before accepting such an idea. The author then goes on to another shocking example of multi toed horses. "Pliny the Elder, a naturalist, in A.D. 79, tells us in his Natural History: 'It is said also, that Caesar the dictator had a horse which would allow no one to mount him but himself, and that its fore-feet were like those of a man.' Unquestionably this description is some~ what highly colored, but a multi toed horse without doubt forms the basis for the legend." (Ibid. p. 9.) Here is proof against the theory of evolution. But the facts are glossed over. Why? Because there is no room for such facts within the framework of evolution. Since it is assumed that the horse evolved, such vital facts became unimportant curiosities.
Three Toed or One Toed?
Even the "three-toed — one-toed" idea is simply not the whole story. Modern horses are not strictly "one toed." There are small digits on either side of the big toe. "Horses are said to be... single-toed, but the term is not strictly accurate" (A History of Land Mammals, William B. Scott, page 294). Then put this statement with one about Merychippus, the supposed three-toed ancestor of the supposed one-toed horse: "Merychippus... is three-toed... digits two and four vary somewhat in development in the different species, though never reaching the ground, so that the feet are functionally one-toed." (Richard Swann Lull, pp. 22, 23.) Are you confused? So are the paleontologists!
Any Reason for Side Toes?
Many paleontologists have puzzled over the function of these side toes. Some have claimed they had no function. One eminent paleontologist disagreed. His disagreement focuses on a vital problem of evolutionary theory. "In Merychippus the side toes were still present and fully formed and each still ended in a well-developed hoof. In the resting position, however, the side hooves did not quite reach the ground, so that their function, if any, is rather puzzling. "It has been commonly supposed that they had no function at this time.... "Although this is stated or implied in almost every previous summary of horse evolution, it almost certainly is not true... I think that this may be another case where we have gone astray because we have thought of extinct horses as skeletons standing stiffly in museum cases, and not as the mechanical frameworks of living animals.... "When a spring-footed horse is galloping and lands on the middle toe, this toe is bent upward far beyond its normal resting pose. At the point of extreme flexion, the short side toes of Merychippus and its later three-toed descendants would touch the ground. May they not, then, have had an essential function to act as buffers to stop the bending of the middle toe at this point and to lessen the danger of spraining the elastic ligaments by stretching them too far?" (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, pp. 260, 261.)
A Problem of Lameness
Lameness is distressingly frequent in certain breeds of supposedly improved domestic horses, and this is almost always caused by injury to the spring mechanism of the feet. The speed mechanism of modern horses can bear little more weight. A veterinary authority laments: "Quarter horses and Thoroughbreds often have feet that are too small to bear the weight of the animal. This is brought about by selective breeding, and although it gives the horse a pleasing appearance, it subjects the foot to greater concussion because the shock is distributed over a smaller area." (Lameness in Horses, O. R. Adams, pp. 27, 28.) Then a larger hoof with three toes would allow a horse to bear more weight. In fact, a three-toed horse would in certain cases perhaps be a more efficient animal. What is the point? Evolution demands "improvement." But for its purpose a three-toed horse is equally as good as a one-toed horse. No room for evolution here.
What About Size Increase?
Neat diagrams of horse evolution imply that the horse evolved from a dog-sized ancestor to its present size. But a quick look at our animal world shows this is not really a proof at all. A simple listing of horse species immediately makes clear how much the living forms vary in size. There's a lot of difference between a 2200-pound Shire, a sleek Thoroughbred, a diminutive Shetland pony. But the differences do not stop here. Several breeders have claimed success in making horses so small that they look like good-sized dogs. A man in West Virginia says he raises ponies that are no larger than 32 inches high. The littlest, Sugar-dumpling, stands 20 inches low and weighs 35 pounds. He resembles a shaggy dog and is treated as a house pet. An Englishman from Southall is said to raise portable household donkeys. For two decades this man has been breeding donkeys down to size. When full-grown his specimens compare in size with St. Bernard dogs. Another miniature strain being produced is the Argentine lilliputian horse. This breed is also about the size of the St. Bernard — weighing about 200 pounds and measuring 30 inches high. One can see these lilliputian horses by going to the Regina Winery in Southern California where they are bred from imports.
A Wrong-Sized Horse
It should be quite clear that the analogy of size increase means nothing. Are we to say dog-sized lilliputian horses evolved INTO massive Clydesdales? Of course, not! They are BOTH with us today. We should apply that same type of reasoning to the fossil record. A difference in size does not connote evolution. Even here the fossil record speaks quite eloquently on the matter. It concerns fossils of Archaeohippus, a horse too small for its supposed place in the array of horse evolution. Speaking of these fossils, paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson says, "This reversal of the usual but by no means constant, tendency for the horses to increase in size is of extraordinary interest." (Horses, p. 171.) Why "extraordinary interest?" Because it upsets a major concept of horse evolution. It proves untenable the idea that increase in size is a proof of horse evolution.
How About Tooth Size
Next to toe reduction, the strongest claim for horse evolution is supposed to be a change in tooth size. Certain horses were supposed to have low-crowned teeth, others high-crowned. Eohippus — the so-called dawn horse — had low-crowned teeth. In last month's installment, we saw that eohippus is not a horse. Then there was Mesohippus, probably an extinct animal UNRELATED to the horse. He too, had low-crowned teeth. Before going further, let's understand one point. Classification experts say there are only six living genera of odd-toed mammals — which include the horses. But from fossil bones, paleontologists reconstruct one hundred and fifty-two genera of odd-toed mammals. What's the significance of this? Simply that the horse kind may have had many more representatives in the past. There would be no evolution here; only much greater varieties within a single type. The same with differences in tooth structure. Even scientists admit, "...Species of horse with high-crowned cheek teeth lived alongside less specialized... browsing forms." (An Introduction to the Mammalian Dentition, T. Wingate Todd, p. 227.) Whether all fossils dubbed "horses" are or are not horses is beside the point. Paleontologists find bones of claimed ancestors and descendants In strata they label by the same name I What is the conclusion? These were all animals — whether
Supposed evolution of horse feet. Neat charts in science texts place side views of forefeet of, from left to right, eohippus = Hyrocotherium, Mesohippus, Merychippus and Equus. Drawn to scale. As articles show, implied analogies are not proof of a point. (See PDF for Pictures)
horses or not — living at the SAME TIME. Where is evolution here? It is at this very point of further supposed tooth and toe changes in the fossil record that paleontologists are most confused. In seeking to find "where" tooth and toe changes occurred, they find a fossil record that makes no sense in terms of evolution — but one that does make sense once we divorce ourselves from this theory.
A Horse Out of Place
What happens if bones which appear to be of the same animal are found in both "younger" and "older" strata? The paleontologists simply give the bones a different name! Or if the supposed ancestor and descendant are found together, the fossils are called "problematic" or labeled "parallel evolution," "conservative characteristics" or some such similar scientific-sounding phrase. Or the strata are renamed. Otherwise, if the significance of the fact that the same animals are found in strata called by different names (and given different ages) were admitted — it would immediately disrupt the evolutionary theory. Stratigraphy would then have no meaning in terms of evolution. It would be clear that life in certain strata had simply perished together! It just happened that in one region more of a particular creature died than in another. Sometimes the overwhelming evidence is so glaring that evolutionists themselves recognize the theory must be revised. It never is discarded! Such was the case with the lauded five-toed ancestor of the horse.
A Five-Toed Stud Needed
Scientists had dubbed some bones by the lofty title of Phenacodus and christened him the ancestor of eohippus. Textbooks repeated this idea. But soon it was discovered that Phenacodus could not be the ancestor of eohippus. Paleontologist Alfred S. Romer tells us: "This interesting form (Phenacodus) was once believed by some to be the actual ancestor of many of the hoofed mammals. This cannot be the case, for it is a bit too late in time [it was contemporary of eohippus] and was also somewhat too large to fit into the early ancestral stages of most later times." (The Vertebrate Story, Alfred S. Romer, pp. 255-256.) What is meant by contemporary? Simply, the bones of Phenacodus were discovered in the same kind of strata as eohippus-type animals. This simply wouldn't do for evolution. Otherwise, the five-toed ancestor that supposedly evolved into a four-toed one was living alongside its descendant.
Dumping Your Ancestors
Actually, the trouble with Phenacodus was not only his place in the rocks. His size was wrong and so were other characteristics. Evolutionists finally had to dump him from his base position in the supposed evolution of the horse. But for at least a generation science students were fed this concept. "Phenacodus primaevus... found by Professor Cope, was hailed by him as the 'five-toed horse,' and an illustration of it has appeared in many textbooks under that label. It is far too large and in some respects too specialized to be in the equine series and moreover is contemporary with eohippus." (The Evolution of the Horse Family, Richard Swann Lull, 1931, pp. 5, 6.) Of course, if you had lived shortly after Cope's pronouncement you would have been committing intellectual suicide to question whether in fact Phenacodus had evolved into eohippus. Perhaps, as a reputable scientist, one may have been able to challenge Phenacodus. But to go on and challenge evolution? Never.
Mesohippus — A Connecting Link?
We have yet to discuss the three-toed animal with the low-crowned teeth, Mesohippus. Evolution claims he links eohippus with a later form called Merychippus. In 1875, O. C. Marsh proposed a new genus to be called Mesohippus. This was to be another rung in the horse genealogy. Fossils of this animal had been found back in 1850. Joseph Leidy, well known 19th century paleontologist, had looked over the bones and described them. He called the fossils Palaeotherium Bairdii — referring it to an extinct species of animals. In other words, as far as he was concerned the bones did not resemble any living mammal. But Marsh, with horse evolution on his mind, renamed it Mesohippus bairdii — and dubbed it as evolving from eohippus.
No Intermediate Species
But just how close is Mesohippus to eohippus? The paleontologists admit there is a wide gap between the bones of these two animals. Paleontologist R A. Stirton frankly says: "The immediate ancestry of Mesohippus is not definitely known" (Phylogeny of North American Equidae, R. A. Stirton, p. 169.) Here a leading paleontologist says the "immediate ancestor of Mesohippus is not definitely known." There is a sudden appearance of so-called three-toed horses. If evolution were indeed a fact, we should expect to find intermediate development. But we find no such steps. And to say the Oligocene Mesohippus is "widely separated" from the Eocene eohippus is to understate the problem. In fact, there is no relation between them. Here is the proof.
A Brainless Horse?
Scientist Tilly Edinger, in his monumental book, Evolution of the Horse Brain, came to the conclusion that there are "conspicuous differences between the brains of eohippus and Mesohippus" (p. 135). Simpson writes of the brain of Mesohippus, "The brain case had become swollen, and its internal cast shows a remarkable transformation 111 comparison with Eocene forms." (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, p. 164.) Actually, "transformation" is not the right word. Rather the brain of Mesohippus is remarkably different from that of eohippus. Where is evolution here? Where are all the intermediate forms? There are none; there never were any. Mesohippus simply did not evolve from eohippus. And did Mesohippus really look like a horse? No, not at all. "Mesohippus is about the size of a large dog, such as a pointer or a greyhound, and has the more slender proportions of the latter, but these animals already... looked like miniature horses... horse-like as they seem, almost every detail of structure, from the incisor teeth to the hinder hoofs is notably different from the corresponding part of Equus." (A History of Land
How DIFFERENT ARE THEY? Photographs show bones dubbed Miohippus (left) and Mesohippus (right). Evolutionists sometimes implied that one evolved from the other. However, experts have been forced to conclude that there really isn't too much difference between the two. They are simply closely related varieties of the some type of animal. Often, even paleontologists cannot tell the difference between bones dubbed by these two names. Another example where evolutionary theory obscures the true facts. (See PDF for Pictures)
Mammals in the Western Hemisphere, William Berryman Scott, pp. 410, 411.) How can Mesohippus look like a horse — when in almost every detail he appears different from a horse? This becomes an insult to intelligence. Then compare this paradox! Large numbers of bones which look like horses are found in South America. Some of the foot bones appear to be "more" one-toed than the present one-toed horse. But they are called "false horses." These animals looked like horses; took the place of horses. But say evolutionists they are NOT horses. Why? They are found in strata much too "early." If evolution had to admit there were horses long before horses were supposed to evolve, it would strike a death blow to the theory.
What Happened to Mesohippus?
Evolutionists would tell you that Mesohippus gradually died out over millions of years. But that is not what the fossil record reveals! A shocking quote dearly shows that a sudden catastrophe wiped out Mesohippus. "In 1922, an Amherst party ran upon a bed where a layer about a foot and a half in thickness was exposed along about one hundred feet of a ravine. "This layer of day and sand was filled with fragments of bones and jaws of rhinoceros and horse, and it is safe to say there were twenty-five jaws of Mesohippus in every cubic foot of the layer. "All were broken and mixed up. "Very seldom was a long bone complete, and at the same time they were not broken to bits nor weathered, each fragment being cleanly broken and every tooth perfect. It looked like... their bones had been tramped into the mud and broken before the whole was buried." (The Evolution of the Horse, Frederick B. Loomis, p. 104.) These bones were buried by sediment-filled waters. The encasing material is sand and clay. The Mesohippus bones were not weathered — proof of immediate burial. The jumbled and tangled mess of Mesohippus bones also clearly shows this sudden burial was violent! But evolutionists simply do not understand such facts in their true light. These proofs from the fossil record are usually passed off as rubbish piles of "early man" or watering holes where large numbers of mammals died. But the facts often tell a different story. They tell of burial; sudden burial; VIOLENT burial! True horses suffered the same type of destruction as Mesohippus.
Why Become Extinct?
Few realize that the horse, an Old World animal — has been given a North American genealogy! That is, the supposed evolution of the horse is built up from fossils discovered in North America. However, from the time of the great catastrophe until 1519, it is generally agreed there were no living modern horses on the American continent. They had become extinct in North America. In February, 1519, horses were brought to the New World by Hernando Cortes. The early Indian horses of the Southwest were supposedly acquired from missions and traders at a later period. The sudden "great dying" of horses in North America is one of the great unsolved problems of paleontology. Especially since conditions in our West were such that the few horses which escaped from the Spanish explorers increased phenomenally in numbers! One leading scientist puzzled over this, saying: "The extinction of the horse over the whole of North America and South America, where they had roamed in vast herds during the Pleistocene, is one of the most mysterious episodes of animal history.... "There has been no lack of speculation and a dozen possible explanations have been suggested, but all of these lack evidence and none is really satisfactory... this seems at present one of the situations in which we must be humble and honest and admit that we simply do not know the answer. "It must be remembered too that extinction of the horses in the New World is only part of a larger problem. Many other animals became extinct here at about the same time." (Horses, George Gaylord Simpson, pp. 198, 200.) In other words, catastrophe of unprecedented proportions had to wipe the horse off the face of North America. Otherwise, we are left with no logical explanation.
The Conclusion of the Matter
What you have read in these two installments is only the tip of the information iceberg, thoroughly proving the horse did not evolve. Yet, many leading scientists believe it did evolve. Why? If you have cancer and the doctor tells you that you have one chance in a hundred of surviving, you would not be very happy. Suppose he said you had one chance in a million of living to a ripe old age. Not much "probability" of living out your three score and ten. Julian Huxley gives us such odds for a horse to evolve. "A thousand to the millionth power, when written out, becomes the figure 1 with three million noughts after it: and that would take three large volumes of about five hundred pages each, just to print! "... one with three million noughts after it is the measure of the unlikeliness of a horse — the odds against it happening at all. No one would bet on anything so improbable happening; and yet it has happened." (Evolution in Action, Julian Huxley, p. 42.) You would not bet on that kind of odds if it were YOUR life. No — it has not happened! The only possible proof of evolution, the fossil record, speaks eloquently against such an idea. Everywhere, the fossil record cries out, "The horse did not evolve!" The facts have been presented. Whether you accept or reject them is your decision. If you reject them, you will be missing out on the deep meaning of how this universe, this earth and life upon it came to be. You will miss out on understanding why you are here and what your purpose in life really is. | biology |
https://acrossborders.oeaw.ac.at/tag/amara-west/ | 2023-11-30T11:01:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100184.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130094531-20231130124531-00594.warc.gz | 0.930564 | 1,505 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__146668198 | en | In the last months, a total number of 492 faunal remains were identified and analyzed from the New Kingdom town of Sai Island. The identification and analysis of species was carried out on Sai Island during the field season 2014 and it was continued in Vienna (Austria) at the Museum of Natural History (1st Zoological Department, Archaeozoology) and at the Department of Palaeontology (University of Vienna). My sincere thanks go therefore to the Sudanese Authorities (NCAM and especially our inspector Huda Magzoub) and also to Dr. Erich Pucher and Dr. Karl Kunst for their constant support here in Vienna!
The bone deposits derive from SAV1 North within the New Kingdom town of Sai, from three levels numbered from 5 to 3, datable to the 18th Dynasty (see Budka and Doyen 2013). Human intervention related to butchery techniques has been detected on the faunal remains from all levels investigated.
Diagram 1: Distribution of mammals and birds from Sai Island, SAV1 North according to the Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) for levels 3-5. The prevalent species are mainly sheep/goats and cattle, but with some differences from level 5 to 3.
The faunal composition demonstrates the prevalence of domesticated mammal species at SAV1 North (Diagram 1). However, the very limited number of bones available from good archaeological contexts (levels 5-3) has to be stressed ‒ the material did not allow statistical processing and all results are of a tentative character based on a restricted corpus of faunal remains. Yet, I do believe that there is rich potential in the study of the animal bones from the New Kingdom town area of Sai, especially with the new stratified material from recent excavations as in SAV1 West, still waiting for analysis. Today, I would like to present some first data concerning one of the interesting species among the attested mammals: the pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica).
Pigs are recorded at a relatively higher percentage, after sheep/goat, at level 5, but a reduction follows at level 4. The profile changes at level 3, where the number of the bones is again increasing.
Pigs correspond to 8 bones from level 5, 10 from level 4 and 55 from level 3. As it is illustrated in Diagram 1, they are found at a relatively high percentage at level 5. Evidence from level 4 demonstrates that cattle and caprine prevail, whereas pigs are found in a smaller number. Pigs remain just the third prevalent species at level 3, although the total number of bones is higher.
For level 5 and the small number of bones, the skeletal part distribution is not well understood. A small amount of vertebrae, humerus and dentes are noted for this level. Dentes, tarsals and pelvis have mainly survived from level 4. More remains have been recovered from level 3. Mandibles prevail (14.5%) followed by humerus (10.9%), costae (9%), radius (7.2%) and pelvis (7.2%). Smaller bones (carpals, tarsals, and phalanges) lack completely.
The analysis of the age profile shows that the vast majority of the material coming from level 3 belongs to individuals between 1 and 2.5 years. Some of them are younger than 1 year and only in one case up to 3.5 years. The dental examination confirms the young age for the majority of the animals (16 months). Level 4 presents mainly individuals younger than 2-3 years and in one case older than 3.5 years. From level 5 only one individual is recorded, which seem to be younger than 1 year.
The butchery marks recorded on pigs are mainly related to disarticulation and portioning.
Mandibula of a pig from Level 4.
Proximal part of a humerus from Level 4.
To conclude, pigs recovered at SAV1 North were slaughtered at the optimum age for meat consumption. The very rare cases of older pigs could be related with the needs of reproduction. It is noteworthy that as far as we know pigs in Nubia are mainly connected with Egyptian presence. For instance, the pyramid tomb G301 at Cemetery D of Amara West (19th Dynasty) brought to light a neonate piglet from the western chamber (Binder et al. 2011, 53). On the other hand, pigs have not been found at Kerma in the town or cemeteries (see the studies by L. Chaix, e.g. 1988 and the extensive list of publications available at http://kerma.ch/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40&Itemid=79#animal).
In New Kingdom Egypt, pig is among the most numerous species killed for meat and a preference for young animals is traceable in settlements (see e.g. at Amarna, Kemp 2012, 219-220).
It can be very tentatively suggested that the presence of pigs in the earliest level 5 at SAV1 North corresponds to the analysis of the ceramics from the same contexts: The material is New Kingdom in date and Egyptian in character, supporting the assessment that a Pharaonic settlement was founded on the island very early in the 18th Dynasty (cf. Budka 2011; Budka and Doyen 2013).
For now, only some preliminary tendencies for the faunal material from the New Kingdom town of Sai have been outlined. The low amount of the material studied so far has to be taken in consideration, implying that the results might significantly change during the next campaigns. However, the case study of the pig remains from SAV1 North illustrates that the study of the faunal remains from Sai will significantly contribute to the interpretation of the character of the site during the 18th Dynasty.
Binder et al. 2011 = M. Binder, N. Spencer & M. Millet, Cemetery D at Amara West: the Ramesside period and its aftermath, British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 16, 2011, 47–99.
Budka 2011 = J. Budka, The early New Kingdom at Sai Island: Preliminary results based on the pottery analysis (4th Season 2010), Sudan & Nubia 15, 23–33.
Budka and Doyen 2013 = J. Budka & F. Doyen, Living in New Kingdom towns in Upper Nubia – New evidence from recent excavations on Sai Island, Ägypten & Levante 22/23, 2012/2013, 167–208.
Chaix 1988 = L. Chaix, Cinquième note sur la faune de Kerma (Soudan). Campagnes 1987 et 1988. In C. Bonnet et al., Les fouilles archéologiques de Kerma (Soudan), Genava, n.s. 36, 1988, 27–29. http://kerma.ch/index.php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid=247
Kemp 2012 = B. Kemp, The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. Amarna and its people, Cairo 2012. | biology |
https://zenhabitats.ca/pages/your-beardie-old | 2024-04-19T05:57:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817289.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419043820-20240419073820-00525.warc.gz | 0.942632 | 1,153 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__159541770 | en | Beardies - Old
ZENformation: Getting a Beardie?
Animal Care Manager Kasey lists the beardie as one of her five favorite reptiles.
The Wonderful Beardie
“They are wonderful pets for a family,” says Kasey. “They are easy to care for and have a very chilled out persona. There are always exceptions in personalities.”
Kasey points out other characteristics of most beardies that make them great pets:
- they are easily habituated to handling
- take to tong feeding regularly
- they love to interact with their people
She stresses the importance of learning the correct way to interact with the beardie. “You need to know how to approach and handle beardies and any animal in your care.
Accidents can happen and animal interactions should always be supervised for the safety of the animal and the child,” she explains.
First things first, a Home
The size of your enclosure, the environment you create, and accessories you include are extremely important for your beardie. Roughly 85% of illness in exotic animals is from poor husbandry.
“If your beardie is a baby, you should section your enclosure using cardboard or create a temporary habitat in a smaller enclosure until they mature,” she says. “The reason to do this is because it can be difficult for young beardies to catch their food in an enclosure that is too large for them.”
Beardies are endemic to the deserts of Australia, so you should mimic that environment as best as possible. To do this, your beardie needs:
- Proper temperatures: There should be three separate zones within their enclosure, a cool side (75-80°F), a warm side (90-95°F) and a place to bask (95-100°F). You should have two thermometers to ensure the temperatures are in the correct range. An infrared surface thermometer can be used to monitor the temperature as well.
- Season-specific lighting: Your light cycle, including UVB/UVA, should vary with the change in seasons. Beardies need 14-16 hours of daylight in the summer and 10-12 hours in the winter.
- Healthy humidity: Beardies like their humidity on the lower side, about 20-40% and that can be measured using a hygrometer.
- a large basking ledge
- a cave to hide
- a piece of driftwood to climb on
- a hammock for lounging
- a shallow food bowl
- artificial or safe plants to transform the enclosure’s appearance
Feeding Your Beardie
Beardies, says Kasey, are amazing because their diet can be created using a wide variety of ingredients.
“In the wild they are omnivores and will typically eat an assortment of vertebrates and invertebrates, as well a large range of plant material,” she says.
Beardies have different diet needs based on their age.
- Juvenile beardies: Their diet should consist of 80% protein and 20% fresh produce. Once they reach around 12 months of age you will want to start increasing the amount of produce given and decrease the amount of protein.
- Mature beardies: Around 18 months of age they should be eating 80% produce and 20% protein.
Kasey recommends these commercially available high-protein sources:
- Dubia Roaches
- Super Worms
- Silk Worms
She cautions, “You should never feed insects that you have caught outside, and all insects should be gut loaded. This means the insect should be fed a diet packed with calcium and nutrients to fill their gastrointestinal tract.”
As for plant sources, Kasey says you can feed them produce you have in the house. “I use produce I have bought for myself for the week, focusing more on fresh veggies and leafy greens with a little fruit as a treat,” she says.
Vitamins and minerals also need to be provided, including:
- powdered Calcium/D3 to sprinkle on over the produce 2-3 times a week
- a multivitamin once a week
She also says it’s important to have a good relationship with reptile specialist. “Bring your new pet to an exotics veterinarian within a week and establish a good relationship with routine wellness visits.”
Cool Beardie Facts
- They get their name from the spines that protrude off their throat that resemble a man’s beard. The “beard” will puff out and possibly turn black when they are threatened or excited.
- They come in a wide variety of colors, which make it really cool to pick out your new companion. The most common colors are tan, yellow, olive, and red with loads of variations in patterns.
- A full-grown beardie will be about 16”-24” long.
- Their tail is about the length of their body (snout to vent).
- They are a stocky and flat bodied with distinct spines on their throats, sides of head and sides of body.
- Their typical lifespan is 10-15 years.
Zen Habitats offers a variety of enclosures and accessories to suit your reptile, no matter the species. We would love to help you select the right enclosure setup for you and your pet! Email [email protected] or call (978) 763-3035. | biology |
https://darlenericker.ca/what-can-massage-do.html | 2023-11-30T20:27:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100232.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130193829-20231130223829-00430.warc.gz | 0.886075 | 319 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__213750573 | en | What can Massage do?
1. Massage is relaxing
It can soothe depression and anxiety because it reduces levels of cortisol, the stress hormone. It can lift your spirits, lower blood pressure, and elevate neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine which are involved in depression.
2. Massage can decrease pain
Injury and/or vigorous exercise cause tiny tears in muscle tissue, leading to inflammation, discomfort and pain. Massage therapy works differently from anti-inflammatory drugs which decrease inflammation and pain, but may slow natural healing. If you are continually supressing inflammation with drugs, the body may not heal itself adequately. Massage therapy can both reduce inflammation and enhance recovery at the cellular level. Massage can reduce stiffness and pain; give better range of motion for those with osteoarthritis.
3. Improves Sleep
Studies point to massage's effect on delta brain waves, connected to healthy, rejuvenating sleep.
4. Boosts Immunity
Massage therapy is linked to a better functioning immune system due to its effect on lymphatic circulation. Massage can reduce stress, and keep you healthier.
5. Reduces Headaches
Regular massage therapy can decrease pain for people with tension headaches and migraines.
Massage therapy increases blood flow, encourages the lymph system to move toxins, dead cells, bacteria and viruses out of your body.
7. Eases Cancer Treatment
Massage therapy is beneficial for people living with cancer or other serious illnesses. Massage can reduce pain, nausea, fatigue, anxiety and depression associated with serious illness. | biology |
http://www.adoctorsguideto.com/toxins-can-you-get-rid-of-them/ | 2021-08-03T21:16:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154471.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20210803191307-20210803221307-00139.warc.gz | 0.969632 | 846 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__127921941 | en | In my last post I reviewed where we get exposed to toxins and why it is important to reduce one’s exposure to them as much as possible. There is a connection between toxin exposure as a fetus and to lower IQ levels in children. These toxins are the chemicals found in food, cleaning agents, paint and other household items including skin care products that contain preservatives, perfumes and formaldehyde. One of these categories are products that are “phthalates”. They are known as endocrine disruptors –the endocrine disruptors are linked to infertility, lower sperm counts, and endometriosis, and may be associated with contributing to preterm birth, among other problems relating to the menstrual cycle. These chemicals are used in plastics (most of our food is wrapped or contained in some form of plastic), and perfumes; so it is best to avoid exposure, especially during pregnancy to limit the food that is contained in plastic and not microwaving food in plastid containers, avoiding clothes dryer sheets that are scented. In fact, most (70%) of perfumes , especially synthetic perfumes, contain phthalates. Also, check the number on the plastic container, those with 3, 6, and 7 should be avoided.
So how else can you eliminate toxins other than not eating, drinking, breathing, or bathing? If you did all or those you would be dead, so there has to be some other way. The truth of the matter is that all fruits and veggies should be washed well before eating them; secondly, use stainless steel cookware or iron skillets rather than the non-stick pots and pans; thirdly, filter your water with a good filter, and this goes for ALL the water used for cooking and drinking. Buying water in plastic bottles is actually loaded not only with BPA, but also there are microscopic plastic pieces that are in the water too.
In this process to eliminate toxins, you have to help your liver do its job. Everything that you eat, drink or put on your skin ends up going through your liver at some point in time. So you have to make sure that it is functioning optimally. Certain things can make the liver sluggish. Drugs can affect the liver–especially too much acetaminophen, and too much alcohol damage the liver, so it is important to keep these at a minimum. Also foods that are high in sugar make the liver work harder and that includes many fruit juices that are predominantly sugar. Fresh fruits low in fructose are better, dried fruits tend to be higher in fructose, too. One fruit that helps to detox is lemon. Squeeze the juice of a fresh lemon or lime into a glass of water and drink that instead of some other concentrated sugar drink such as a carbonated beverage. The artificial sweeteners are also bad for your liver. Another way to help the liver is to cut down on the amount of red meat, as it is harder to digest. Fast food is especially hard on the liver because of the salt content, calorie content and trans fats. There are foods that can detoxify the body, broccoli is one of them, in addition to the other cruciferous veggies.
As part of the detoxification process it is important to stay well hydrated, to eliminate toxins through the kidney, but the process should be done slowly, as toxins that are stored can contribute to headache, joint pain, malaise, and fatigue if they are released too quickly. Often minerals that the body needs may be eliminated as well in the process, so taking a really good multi-vitamin such as “Maximum Vitality” during the process is essential. Products such as Pectasol (made from modified citrus pectin) help to eliminate environmental toxins and heavy metals from the system. During this time of detoxification, it is essential to have a “cleaner diet”, more whole, unprocessed foods, and less processed high sugar items.
Don’t forget that a part of the detox process is getting sufficient exercise and stress management. Stress has been found to be a toxic component to many people’s lives. | biology |
https://www.hkhalili.com/services-7 | 2024-04-18T16:20:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817222.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418160034-20240418190034-00303.warc.gz | 0.927471 | 362 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__163949156 | en | Dr. Hamed Khalili, MD, MPH received a Clinical Research Investigator-Initiated Award from the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation for his project "Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among US Black Women" with Dr. Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa. This study will 1) expand our understanding of the burden of IBD and critical lifestyle and social factors associated with the disease among Black women, a critical knowledge gap in the field; 2) increase awareness of IBD among providers and Black individuals through dissemination of our work; 3) build the necessary infrastructure for developing a novel disease model for studying IBD among Black individuals incorporating lifestyle (e.g diet and physical activity), biological (e.g. genetics and microbiome) and contextual (e.g. neighborhood SES and social stressors) factors
Dr. Daniel DiGiacomo, MD, MPH was selected for the MGH ECOR Fund for Medical Discovery Population Healthcare Sciences Research Fellowship Award to study the non-infectious gastrointestinal complications of predominant antibody deficiency using nationwide data from Sweden. He has also recently obtained funding through Pfizer to provide educational outreach on diagnosing and managing primary immunodeficiency in underserved populations.
Dr. Emily Lopes, MD, MPH was awarded one of four 2022 Junior Faculty Development Grants from the American College of Gastroenterology for her project, "Prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives," which aims to understand if adherence to certain dietary and lifestyle factors can help prevent the development of IBD in high-risk individuals such as those who have a family member with IBD. | biology |
https://www.macblack.co.nz/blog/shag-roosts-whanganui-chronicle/ | 2022-08-19T01:48:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00323.warc.gz | 0.956096 | 775 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__107485174 | en | The following article appeared in the Whanganui Chronicle on the 13th of April, 2021. Link to the full article here.
In mid-March, two large timber structures were erected at Tapuarau Lagoon in the Waitotara Conservation Area, just inland from the mouth of the Waitotara River.
Constructed from heavy, 3m long, old wharf piles, and connected by joists of eucalyptus, they were built by MacBlack Timber in Whanganui, then taken to Tapuarau in kitset form and reassembled.
Given the weight of the timber and having to work in waist-deep water over a muddy bottom, erecting these structures was a challenge for those involved: Richard Thompson and three of his team from MacBlack Timber; Josh Penn from Ridgeline Forest and Farm Ltd; and Tony Woodill of Hawken Contracting, who transported the materials to the site.
What are these structures and why were they being erected?
They are bird roosts, set up primarily for the shags that forage at Tapuarau. Shags feed underwater on fish and large aquatic invertebrates. Despite having water-repellent flight feathers, the birds' body feathers become wet and need drying out after each foraging session. This is why one often sees these birds sitting out of the water with wings spread.
Ideal foraging habitat for shags is therefore one where there is both adequate food and somewhere to rest and dry out afterwards. But why shag roosts and why at Tapuarau? To answer these questions, let us step back a bit.
At the end of February 2021, Tilt Renewables' 980-hectare Waipipi Wind Farm started producing electricity.
A project of this magnitude is not without environmental impacts. One of these was the loss of three farm ponds at the site, which were filled in to lessen the area's attractiveness to waterbirds, thereby reducing the risk of bird strikes.
To mitigate the loss of these ponds and its impacts on the birds that use them, Tilt Renewables consented to various mitigation measures, including enhancing habitat quality at a nearby wetland.
In consultation with the Department of Conservation and Ngaa Rauru Kiitahi, Tilt Renewables agreed to improve waterbird habitat at Tapuarau, 10 km ESE of Waipipi, and monitor the outcomes.
This area, comprising a series of small dune lakes, adjoining wetlands and grasslands, sustains some noteworthy bird species. These include the critically endangered Australasian bittern, New Zealand dabchick, three shag species—one of the groups affected by the loss of the ponds at Waipipi—the increasingly rare grey duck, various other waterfowl, and North Island fernbird. The area also supports several regionally rare or uncommon plant species.
Tilt Renewables' Ecological Monitoring and Management Plan proposes several conservation actions at Tapuarau. One of these was to erect two shag roosts, as the area lacked safe resting places for these birds. This has now been done.
Another is to control non-native predators in the area, such as feral cats, stoats and rats, which will help protect the birds at Tapuarau and further enhance the area's attractiveness to them. That part is currently being prepared.
The outcomes of these measures are being monitored to assess their effectiveness. To date, they look positive. Two instances of shags already using the roosts have been noted; more will surely follow.
Peter Frost is an ecologist contracted to monitor the impacts of the roosts and other measures on waterbirds at Tapuarau. | biology |
https://melanomaknowmore.com/prevention-and-risk-factors/ | 2021-06-13T20:17:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487610841.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20210613192529-20210613222529-00384.warc.gz | 0.927049 | 867 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__98391373 | en | Exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays appears to be the most important environmental factor involved in the development of skin cancer, including melanoma. It is also the one factor that is most easily controlled. When used consistently, sun-protective practices can prevent skin cancer. UV rays from artificial sources of light, such as tanning beds and sunlamps, are as dangerous if not more so, as those from the sun and should also be avoided. There is no “safe” tan. Although both tanning and burning can increase a person’s risk for skin cancer, most Americans do not consistently protect themselves from UV rays.
Melanoma is an extremely preventable cancer when taking the following precautions:
- Protect your skin.
- Avoid sunburns.
- Limit sun exposure, especially between the hours of 11 a.m.- 4 p.m. when the sun is the strongest
- Wear protective clothing – such as long sleeves and hats – when exposed to sunlight
- Use at least a SPF 30 sunscreen – applying 30 minutes before going out and 1-2 hours thereafter.
- Look for a sunscreen that protects against both types of ultraviolet radiation in the sun’s rays-UVA and UVB.
- Use a higher SPF when you are at higher elevations.
- Avoid sunbathing and tanning salons. Studies suggest that your risk of melanoma increases by 75% if you start using artificial tanning before you are 30 years old.
- Examine your skin regularly, and have your doctor check your skin during all other health exams, or at least once a year or visit one of Melanoma Know More’s free monthly skin cancer screening clinics.
- Use sunscreen as a part of your daily moisturizing ritual.
- Set a good example for your children by protecting your skin from too much sun.
Those with a family history, i.e. first degree relative, have 2-3 times the risk of developing a melanoma and with more than one first degree relative with melanoma, the incidence is even higher.
Moles and Having an Atypical (Dysplastic) Nevi
The number and size of moles increases the risk of developing melanoma. Also, atypical or dysplastic moles (nevi) are a common genetic disorder. People with these nevus’s usually have several large moles with more than one color and they typically develop in childhood and increase in size and number through adolescence. If you have these moles and have a genetic predisposition to melanoma, you are at an especially high risk for developing melanoma and should be followed regularly by a dermatologist. Also, encourage your family members to get their skin checked.
Being Born with a Mole(s)
Some infants are born with a mole called a nevomelanocytic congenital nevus or having neurocutaneous melanosis puts a person at increased risk for developing melanoma. Larger moles increase the risk of developing melanoma.
Parents should consult with their Pediatrician and/or Pediatric Dermatologist to determine the appropriate medical plan when dealing with these moles.
Developing one melanoma increases the risk of developing another melanoma.
Caucasians are 20% more likely than African Americans to develop melanoma because they do not produce as much pigment to protect them from UV exposure. Fair-skinned, red-haired, blue/green-eyed people have a higher incidence of melanoma.
Being a White Male Over Age 50
People of any race and age can get melanoma, white men are at particularly higher risk. Melanomas on white men are most often found on the back. Also pay close attention to moles on the scalp, since melanomas on the scalp have a higher mortality rate than elsewhere, because they are usually diagnosed at a more advanced stage.
Ultraviolet (UV) Light Exposure
Frequent and intense exposure either from sun or artificial indoor tanning beds is a major risk factor for developing melanoma. The more blistering sunburns, particularly before 18 years of age, increases the risk of developing melanoma. | biology |
http://www.bottomshelfbooks.com/2007/02/panda-bear-panda-bear-what-do-you-see.html | 2023-12-08T00:06:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100705.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207221604-20231208011604-00609.warc.gz | 0.93784 | 146 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__137671805 | en | 20 February 2007
Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?
Author: Bill Martin Jr.
Illustrator: Eric Carle
This is the third installment of the series, following the Brown Bear, Brown Bear and Polar Bear, Polar Bear books. This one distinguishes itself from the other two in that it features all animals on the endangered species list.
Note: One of the things that made the first two books so successful and fun to read with kids was making the animal noises. However, you may need to do some background research here because this book is a little more challenging. Be prepared to dust off your water buffalo impersonation. And what the heck does a green sea turtle sound like? | biology |
https://www.herstory-online.com/single-post/2018/08/16/dr-frances-oldham-kelsey | 2023-12-11T05:48:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103558.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211045204-20231211075204-00469.warc.gz | 0.980148 | 832 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__243294759 | en | Dr. Frances Oldham Kelsey
Dr. Frances Oldham Kelsey -- the pharmacologist whose bold stance against inadequate drug testing saved countless newborns from the perils of thalidomide, a drug which caused severe birth defects in over 10,000 infants -- was born on this day in 1914. On her first month on the job at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1960, the Canadian-born scientist resisted pressure from thalidomide's manufacturer to quickly approve the drug, which was already being widely prescribed in Europe as a sedative for pregnant women experiencing morning sickness. As a result of Dr. Kelsey's insistence on further safety testing, the drug was never approved in the United States, saving an untold number of children from its devastating effects. When Dr. Kelsey started working at the FDA, she was part of a new generation of scientists who wanted to ensure that drugs were proven safe and effective before being marketed to the public. At the time, the FDA did not have the authority to enforce these requirements and pharmaceutical companies often engaged in minimal safety testing. It was even a common practice for companies to send new or experimental drugs to doctors for them to try out on their patients. When Dr. Kelsey received the application from the Richardson-Merrell Company for approval of thalidomide, the company expected a fast approval since the drug was already in use in numerous countries including Germany, the UK, Canada, and Australia. Distrustful of the information provided by the company and, as she later explained, feeling that its representatives were "at no time being wholly frank with me" about the drug's safety, Dr. Kelsey told the company further tests were needed. Over several months, the company continued to submit their application and Dr. Kelsey continued to reject it citing the need for additional tests. Throughout this period, the company complained to her supervisors, contacted her repeatedly, and, as written in a 1962 Washington Post story, she "[lived] the while with insinuations that she was a bureaucratic nitpicker, unreasonable – even, she said, stupid." Dr. Kelsey's determined stance was vindicated eight months after the company's initial filing when evidence from Europe showed that thalidomide was the cause of severe birth defects. In Germany alone, between 5,000 and 7,000 children were born without limbs or with flipper-like limbs, of which only 40% survived, and numerous cases emerged in other countries. In the US, fewer than 100 babies were born with thalidomide-related birth defects; the drug was never licensed in the US due to Dr. Kelsey's efforts however a small number of pregnant women were exposed to it through samples provided to doctors from the drug company. After news of the thalidomide disaster broke, there was huge public outcry for better drug testing and the U.S. Congress unanimously passed the Kefauver Harris Amendment in 1962 to strengthen drug regulations and gave the FDA enforcement authority. Dr. Kelsey was selected to help write the rules governing clinical trials -- rules that have since been adopted throughout the industrialized world -- and then oversee their enforcement as the chief of the Division of New Drugs. On August 7, 1962, Dr. Kelsey became the second woman ever to receive the country's highest civilian honor when President John F. Kennedy awarded her the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service. Dr. Kelsey's far-reaching impact on science and drug testing was described by Harvard historian Daniel Carpenter as follows: "She had a huge effect on the science that we all take for granted today... She and the F.D.A. had a huge role in determining the terms and sequence of what is now modern clinical science." In 2005, Dr. Kelsey retired from the FDA at the age of 90 after 45 years of service and they established the Dr. Frances O. Kelsey Award to "celebrate courage and scientific decision-making" in her honor. This determined scientist, whose courageous actions helped save the lives of countless people, passed away in 2015 at the age of 101. | biology |
http://gleasonbrookwinery.com/?page_id=74 | 2023-02-08T11:13:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500758.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208092053-20230208122053-00285.warc.gz | 0.93149 | 253 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__193939931 | en | Wetlands and grapes don’t mix – the saying is that grapes don’t like wet feet. At Gleason Brook Winery, we have an irrigation pond adjacent to a large wetland that sits well below the bench where the grapes are grown. Most of the time, grapes don’t t need irrigation – they send out deep roots. But newly planted vines may require some irrigation in their first two or three years if there is an extended period of low or no rainfall.
Most farm ponds are pretty sad from an ecological perspective. Excess nutrients and pesticides drain in from adjacent fields, limiting the types of flora and fauna that can exist there. At our winery, we don’t use pesticides, and fertilizer use is strictly controlled. As a result, the pond is teeming with life, including several species of frogs, fish, turtles, salamanders, and one species of water snake. Ducks and geese nest here in the spring, and great blue herons frequently try their luck at getting a free meal from the abundant frog population. Mink have also been observed working the edge of the pond. The pictures show some of the pond’s abundant wildlife. | biology |
https://chubimon.com/2023/08/18/enhancing-animal-welfare-in-livestock-farming-best-practices-and-strategies/ | 2023-09-30T23:13:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510730.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930213821-20231001003821-00388.warc.gz | 0.915215 | 2,649 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__234319134 | en | The welfare of animals in livestock farming is a critical concern that impacts not only the quality of the produce but also the overall sustainability of the industry. Animal welfare encompasses various aspects, including the health, physiological well-being, and ethical treatment of animals. It has gained significant attention due to increasing consumer awareness and demand for ethically sourced products. This article sheds light on the importance of animal welfare in livestock farming and discusses the best practices and strategies for enhancing it. Furthermore, it explores the challenges faced in implementing these practices and how technology can aid in overcoming these hurdles and revolutionizing animal welfare in livestock farms.
Best Practices For Animal Welfare In Livestock Farming
In enhancing animal welfare in livestock farming, the development and implementation of comprehensive policies and standards are paramount. These include guidelines that promote humane farming practices, ensuring animals are not only free from pain and disease but also from stress and discomfort. To guarantee adherence to these practices, rigorous oversight systems are necessary. Clear expectations need to be set, and stringent monitoring mechanisms need to be established with punitive measures for non-compliance.
Additionally, investing in research and education to propagate these humane farming standards is vital. Research provides evidence-based approaches to improving animal welfare, while education equips farmers with the necessary knowledge and skills to implement these standards effectively. Only with a comprehensive, informed approach can we truly enhance the welfare of animals in livestock farming.
Establishing Guidelines for Humane Treatment Establishing guidelines for humane treatment is an essential first step in enhancing animal welfare in livestock farming. These guidelines should focus on providing a safe, comfortable environment for animals, minimizing their stress, and ensuring that their nutritional and health needs are met. Regulations should be developed against practices that cause unnecessary harm or discomfort to animals. These might include guidelines on the proper handling of animals, housing conditions, feeding procedures, and veterinary care protocols.
Implementation of these guidelines requires a commitment from all stakeholders in the livestock farming industry, from farmers to veterinarians, to transportation and slaughter facilities. It’s important that these guidelines are not merely recommendations but are enforced with regular inspections and penalties for non-compliance. Enforcing these humane treatment guidelines not only ensures the well-being of the animals but also contributes significantly to the overall quality of products derived from them.
Monitoring and Reducing Stress in Animals A crucial aspect of enhancing animal welfare in livestock farming involves continuous monitoring and proactive measures to mitigate stress in animals. Stress in livestock can manifest due to various factors, including environmental conditions, overcrowding, improper handling, and an inadequate nutritional supply. These stressors not only affect the animals’ overall well-being but can also negatively impact their productivity and predispose them to illness.
Incorporating stress-reducing strategies is, therefore, critical. This could involve creating comfortable living conditions, ensuring proper handling and transportation, providing satisfactory nutrition, and implementing measures to prevent disease outbreaks. Advances in technology can also be harnessed, with stress-monitoring devices and digital platforms helping farmers identify signs of stress early and take corrective actions promptly. By reducing stress, livestock farmers can significantly improve animal welfare, enhance production efficiency, and ensure sustainable farming operations.
Ensuring Adequate Nutrition and Veterinary Care Ensuring adequate nutrition and veterinary care is a critical aspect of enhancing animal welfare in livestock farming. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in animal health, productivity, and overall well-being. It is crucial to provide livestock with a balanced diet that meets their specific nutritional requirements, which can vary based on their age, breed, and stage of life. Furthermore, the provision of clean water at all times is a non-negotiable aspect of animal welfare.
In addition to nutrition, regular veterinary care is paramount to maintaining the health of livestock and preventing disease outbreaks. This includes routine check-ups, vaccinations, and immediate treatment of any health issues that arise. Farmers should also be educated on basic animal health care practices and signs of common livestock diseases to enable early detection and treatment. By prioritizing adequate nutrition and veterinary care, livestock farmers can significantly improve the welfare and productivity of their animals.
Strategies For Improving Animal Welfare In Livestock Farming
Adopting a proactive approach toward improving animal welfare in livestock farming necessitates strategic collaboration and resource allocation. Farmers’ partnerships with animal welfare organizations can provide essential resources, including expertise in humane animal husbandry and veterinary care. Leveraging public-private partnerships can further augment these resources by combining the efficiency of the private sector with the regulatory oversight of public agencies.
A strategic focus on high-impact programs can enable the livestock farming sector to make significant strides toward improved animal welfare. The use of government incentives to encourage the adoption of humane farming practices can be a powerful tool in this endeavor. By identifying and implementing best practices for animal welfare, and reducing crowding and stress on livestock farms, we can ensure a more sustainable and humane industry. The ultimate goal should always remain the health and well-being of the animals in our care.
Identifying Best Practices for Animal Welfare In the quest to enhance animal welfare in livestock farming, identifying and implementing best practices stand as paramount measures. These practices revolve around integral aspects of animal health and well-being, such as nutrition, housing conditions, veterinary care, handling, and stress management. It is crucial to undertake comprehensive research and consultations with experienced veterinarians, animal behaviorists, and other industry experts to unearth effective methodologies for animal care specific to each species.
Moreover, these best practices should be adaptable and flexible to accommodate the ever-evolving discoveries in veterinary science and animal welfare research. They should promote humane treatment, encouraging farmers to avoid unnecessary discomfort or stress for the animals. By consistently identifying and refining these best practices, livestock farmers can play a pivotal role in bolstering animal welfare, ultimately contributing to enhanced farm productivity and sustainability.
Implementing Humane Farming Practices Implementing humane farming practices is a crucial step toward improving animal welfare standards on livestock farms. This can be achieved in a myriad of ways, with one of the most common being the provision of adequate space for livestock. By reducing overcrowding, animals can move freely, engage in natural behaviors, and live in a less stressful environment. Additionally, the adoption of natural living conditions such as pasture-based systems not only promotes animal welfare but also results in better product quality, thus benefiting both the animals and the farmers.
Furthermore, humane farming practices encompass the proper handling and transportation of animals. By training staff on low-stress handling techniques, the risk of injury and stress on animals is substantially reduced. Similarly, implementing well-planned transportation strategies can help minimize stress and the potential for injury during transit. Overall, humane farming practices not only improve the welfare of the animals but also contribute to the success of the farm, creating a win-win situation for both livestock and farmers.
Reducing Crowding and Stress in Livestock Farms One of the vital strategies for enhancing animal welfare in livestock farming is the reduction of crowding and stress. Overcrowding in livestock farming often leads to increased stress levels among the animals, resulting in detrimental effects on their overall health and productivity. High stress levels can lower the animals’ immune responses, making them more vulnerable to diseases and negatively impacting their growth and reproduction rates.
Therefore, farmers should prioritize creating spacious and comfortable environments for their livestock. Implementing practices such as rotational grazing, where animals are regularly moved to fresh pastures, can help prevent overgrazing and maintain a healthy environment. Similarly, providing ample space in barns and shelters, ensuring adequate ventilation, and regularly cleaning the living areas are vital for reducing stress and promoting animal welfare. By reducing crowding and stress, livestock farmers can significantly improve animal health, welfare, and productivity.
Technology And Animal Welfare In Livestock Farming
The advent of technology has brought about significant improvements in animal welfare within the context of livestock farming. For instance, the automation of several farming practices has reduced the physical stress on animals by providing a consistent and reliable care system that ensures their comfort, safety, and health. This includes tasks such as feeding, milking, and cleaning livestock pens, which are carried out with a high degree of precision and regularity.
The innovation of animal tracking systems, on the other hand, has revolutionized the way farmers monitor the health and well-being of their livestock. These systems provide real-time data on an animal’s location, behavior, and physiological state, thereby enabling early detection of health issues and prompt veterinary care. Moreover, the application of AI in livestock farming has the potential to further enhance animal welfare by predicting disease outbreaks, improving breeding methods, and optimizing feed regimes. Such advancements underscore the positive impact of technology on animal welfare and the growing importance of its integration into livestock farming.
Automating Livestock Farming to Improve Animal Welfare Automation in livestock farming stands as a significant game-changer in enhancing animal welfare. The integration of technology in livestock farming has ushered in an era of precision farming, which not only increases efficiency and productivity but also greatly improves the living conditions of the animals. Automated systems for feeding, milking, and environmental control are reducing the stress on animals by providing consistency and meeting their individual needs more effectively.
Advanced robotics have taken over tasks that were previously done manually, minimizing the risk of human error and ensuring a high standard of care. Automated health monitoring systems can detect signs of disease or distress early, allowing for prompt treatment and reducing suffering. By automating livestock farming, we are paving the way toward a more humane and sustainable future in animal agriculture.
The Benefits of Using Technology in Livestock Farming When we consider the vast potential of technology in the realm of livestock farming, it is clear that its integration offers profound benefits for animal welfare. First and foremost, technology can significantly aid in monitoring animal health, thus allowing for early detection of any signs of disease or distress. With the use of advanced devices and applications, farmers can track key health indicators like heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and activity levels in real time. This contributes to a more proactive approach to veterinary care, significantly reducing the risk of illness spreading within the herd and improving overall animal well-being.
Moreover, technology helps reduce stress among animals in livestock farming. Automated feeding and milking systems, for instance, can deliver consistent and regular care, minimizing the need for invasive human intervention. In addition, innovations in tracking systems can provide data to optimize living conditions, such as adjusting temperature, lighting, and spacing in animal enclosures. As a result, technology not only boosts productivity in livestock farming but also plays a critical role in ensuring the humane treatment of animals, enhancing their overall quality of life.
How AI Can Revolutionize Animal Welfare on Farms The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds the potential to transform the landscape of animal welfare in livestock farming. AI can be utilized to create sophisticated systems for real-time monitoring and assessment of livestock health conditions. This helps farmers identify and address health issues promptly, ensuring animals receive appropriate veterinary care at the right time.
Advanced AI-based technologies can also facilitate stress detection in livestock, aiding in the identification of environmental or health-related stress factors. By continuously monitoring behavioral patterns in real-time, AI can help mitigate animal stress levels by alerting farmers to make necessary changes in livestock management. Therefore, AI proves instrumental in promoting a humane approach to livestock farming, thereby significantly enhancing animal welfare.
In conclusion, the enhancement of animal welfare within livestock farming is a multi-faceted and complex task. It requires the development and implementation of humane practices, thorough monitoring systems, ongoing education and research, and optimal utilization of available technologies. Together, these strategies can address the challenges and maximize the benefits of good animal welfare in terms of health, productivity, and business sustainability.
The role of technology, in particular, is undeniably significant. Automatic systems, tracking software, and data-driven health monitoring can transform the way animals are cared for in farming environments. Such technologies not only improve efficiency but also enable the detection and mitigation of stress, disease, and other welfare issues more effectively. We, therefore, encourage all stakeholders in livestock farming to take these insights to heart and prioritize animal welfare as a key component of their operations.
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The Evolution of Real Estate: From Humble Beginnings to a Thriving Industry | biology |
https://balmainosteopaths.com.au/osteopathy/ | 2020-02-18T17:06:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143784.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200218150621-20200218180621-00155.warc.gz | 0.939875 | 219 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__36745949 | en | Osteopathy is a system of healthcare grounded in human anatomy and physiology.
It is bound by the principles of natural science, of how the body functions and its interaction with its environment. It is the science, philosophy and principles that define Osteopathy, rather than any particular form of diagnosis or treatment.
The science and principles of osteopathy are applied to a wide variety of musculoskeletal issues. As the osteopath takes the case history, examines, diagnoses and treats the patient, they are using the principles of osteopathy to develop an understanding of the person and their problem. They consider the nature of the condition, how it relates to its surrounding structures, what the vitality of the body system is like, and how the person’s body is functioning as a whole. All of these factors have a bearing on the diagnosis, treatment and recovery.
It is the philosophy and principles of osteopathy that render it unique and different to comparable modes of physical therapy, such as chiropractic and physiotherapy.
The following principles guide the practice of Osteopathy. | biology |
https://www.reflexionsdental.ca/dental-exam--cleanings | 2023-12-08T23:09:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100779.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208212357-20231209002357-00199.warc.gz | 0.945031 | 660 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__175756715 | en | Oral cancer screening
Our team will check for any signs of oral cancer on the face, neck, lips, tongue, throat, tissues, and gums. If any signs of oral cancer are present, we may use the VELscope to assist with our examination. The VELscope is a handheld device that emits a harmless, bright blue light that is used to inspect the mouth and tongue. The device is sensitive to abnormal tissue changes, and the distinctive blue-spectrum light causes the soft tissue of the mouth to naturally fluoresce. Healthy tissues fluoresce in distinct patterns that may be visibly disrupted when tissue undergoes an abnormal change, which can occur in the oral mucosa for a multitude of reasons, such as oral cancer.
Gum disease evaluation
A thorough examination of the surrounding tissues of the teeth is performed to check for any signs of periodontal disease. The gums are carefully measured below the gumline next to the tooth to determine if they are healthy or if periodontal disease is present and needs to be treated.
Examination of existing restorations
We also inspect any existing fillings, crowns, etc. to check for any signs of wear or damage. Over the years, your existing fillings and crowns can break down and may need restoration or replacement to function well.
Examination of tooth decay
All surfaces of the teeth are checked for signs of decay. Digital x-rays are used to check the surfaces not visible in the mouth. If any tooth decay is present, our team will provide a treatment plan tailored to your individual needs with all your options to restore your teeth back to a healthy functioning dentition.
X-rays are essential for the detection of decay, tumours, cysts, and bone loss. They also help us determine the position of the tooth as well as the roots. Digital x-rays use smallest dosage of radiation possible. They are recommended every other year to check for routine maintenance, if there has been trauma to a tooth, or if there is a concern that cannot be diagnosed with a visual exam.
Calculus is hardened plaque that has been left on the tooth for some time and is now firmly attached to the tooth surface. It can only be removed with proper dental instruments. Removal of calculus formed above the gum line is called scaling, and the removal of calculus formed below the gum line is called root planing.
Plaque is a sticky, almost invisible film that forms as a colony of living bacteria, food debris, and saliva over time. The bacteria are toxic and can break down the enamel and cause the formation of cavities as well as inflammation of the gums, which is the beginning of periodontal diseases.
A special polishing cup and paste are used to remove stain and plaque that is not otherwise removed from the teeth during home care or with professional scaling.
A Fluoride varnish treatment is brushed on each tooth. This high-intensity fluoride is taken up by the freshly polished surface of the enamel and helps to strengthen it. The varnish forms a coating on the tooth surface within seconds, so no more waiting half an hour before eating or drinking, with the exception of hot beverages that may melt it off. | biology |
https://purativity.com/original_ouinton/ | 2017-04-26T09:51:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121267.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00199-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.863495 | 939 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__219757671 | en | You have no items in your shopping cart.
ORGINAL QUINTON ISOTONIC & HYPERTONIC
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Cellular life began and evolved in the sea for nearly 3-billion years. In the late 1800’s, revolutionary biologist Rene Quinton was inspired to prove that the extracellular fluid and blood plasma of animals and humans was inherited from seawater. Years of research culminated in his famous treatise, L’eau de Mer Milieu Organique*, that changed our understanding of physiology forever.
*Seawater, the organic medium
Seawater – What is it?
Seawater is the most complex fluid on planet Earth, containing a biochemical record of every aspect of evolution from enzymes to RNA and DNA. It served as life’s biological terrain, supporting homeostasis throughout the development of all five Kingdoms of Life. Most importantly, the Primordial Ocean provided the complete spectrum of mineral and trace elements of the Periodic Table that nourished all cellular life.
Today, modern terrestrial life is deficient in the complex nutrients once provided by the sea to support a healthy and balanced extracellular matrix. Rene Quinton recognized that seawater could be one of the most important nutrients for achieving homeostasis. He and his researchers located the ideal location for harvesting the purest, most biologically active seawater – a plankton bloom.
Plankton blooms are huge assemblages of both phytoplankton and zooplankton that interact in a process known as Biocenosis, generating a complex and nutrient-rich biochemical diversity.
Modern Preparation of Original Quinton Seawater
Today, after 118 years, Laboratoires Quinton continues to harvest, process and package seawater under the proprietary protocols developed by Rene Quinton. Far from coastal areas in the pristine open Atlantic Ocean, a precise location within the plankton bloom is determined for harvesting seawater from a depth of 30 meters into sterile containers. The containers are chilled to 4o C and transported to the Laboratoires Quinton, an EU certified pharmaceutical facility. To produce a raw bioactive mineral and trace element supplement of this quality requires:
- A month-long detailed QC evaluation of each seawater batch
- Minimal processing and no direct human contact
- Pharmaceutical clean-room conditions
- Cold micro-filtration (never heated or energy sterilized)
- Robotic packaging in sterile glass ampoules
- Extensive chemical and microbiological QC testing of the finished product
Oral Original Quinton Isotonic™ - “Restoring the Terrain”
Rene Quinton and his researchers discovered that when they diluted seawater to match the osmotic concentration (0.9%) of the blood, it was quickly absorbed and replenished the composition of the extracellular fluid. The result was enhanced cellular nutrition required for homeostasis.
Original Quinton Isotonic™ has 0.9% bioavailable minerals and trace elements of the Periodic Table, which uniquely supports restoration of the biological terrain.
Oral Original Quinton Hypertonic™ - “Optimum Mineralization”
Quinton Hypertonic™ is pure seawater harvested from a protected plankton bloom, following the strict protocols developed by Rene Quinton.
Original Quinton Hypertonic™ has 3.3% bioavailable minerals and trace elements of the Periodic Table, which support optimal mineralization and alkalization.
If you are on a low sodium diet, Original Quinton™ does not recommend the use of Quinton Hypertonic™. One ampoule of Quinton Hypertonic™ contains 108 mg of sodium, approximately the same amount in an average size apple.
Quinton seawater exclusive properties:
- The ONLY nutritional seawater harvested from pure Biocenosis zones within plankton blooms.
- The ONLY nutritional seawater prepared in a dedicated GMP facility with EU certification and FDA registration.
- The ONLY nutritional seawater that is refrigerated during transportation and all processing.
- The ONLY nutritional seawater that is raw, unheated, dual-microfiltered, un-concentrated and packaged in glass ampoules.
- The ONLY nutritional seawater source of organo-complexed bioavailable minerals, trace elements and bioactive marine cofactors – 78 laboratory-verified elements. | biology |
http://blog.paramountequity.com/2013/06/pest-free-this-summer/ | 2020-07-03T20:36:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655882934.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20200703184459-20200703214459-00094.warc.gz | 0.957488 | 613 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__101568859 | en | Want to prevent moles and pests from taking over your yard and home this summer? When it comes to pest control, you need to be vigilant. Be on the lookout for the earliest signs of pests and prevent their invasion through biological or chemical control.
Although the cold season is finally over, many homeowners have to contend with the problem of rodents, insects, moles, caterpillars, snails and slugs that can quickly destroy the plants in the yard. These pests hide beneath leaves, under stones and in other places.
Pests cannot only damage the plants in the yard, but also the entire home. You need to act fast to contain or prevent them from destroying your plants. Here are eight ways through which you can keep your yard pest free this summer:
1. Control moisture level. Excess moisture provides good breeding conditions for some pests. Seal all roof, gutter and plumbing leaks and do not overwater your plants or lawn. Make sure your yard and home stay as dry as possible.
2. Seal off any cracks on walls near your yard. Weather stripping around doors is also a good way to keep pests away.
3. Get rid of plants that attract insects and rodents to your yard. Examples of these plants include oleander, fig trees and bamboo. You should also trim the lawn and bushes near your home.
4. Use mole traps to catch moles. Insert the trap in the run (preferably in between hills) and place it in a dark area.
5. Add coffee grounds to your yard. Apart from adding nitrogen to soil and increasing acidity in plants, coffee helps to keep away some pests. Cats and slugs for example hate coffee. Coffee has also proved to be an effective olfactory based repellant for deer.
6. Use organic sprays to repel insects. Some of the ingredients found in organic sprays include garlic cloves and hot pepper. Some sprays have a combination of both ingredients and repel all kinds of pests including bugs.
7. While slugs are the most annoying small pests, rabbits and deer are competing for this position among the big pests. Rabbits can bring down an entire yard of plants in a matter of days. Fencing your yard all round is a great way to keep big pests away during summer.
8. Apply Bloodmeal. Blood meal is dried and flaked blood, a byproduct of meat packaging. Animals, especially deer and rabbits, do not like the smell of Bloodmeal. Besides keeping rodents away, Bloodmeal is also a good addition to your yard because of its high nitrogen content. Sprinkle the powder on the garden beds and around the plants, not on top of the leaves.
The above are some of the ways through which you can keep pests away from your yard. In some cases, you will need to apply pesticide to get rid of the pests completely. If you must use pesticide, then ensure it is not very toxic to the extent that it will kill your plants. | biology |
https://www.painandwellnessinstitute.com/medical-procedures/intercostal-nerves-block-and-rfa/ | 2023-12-07T04:33:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100632.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207022257-20231207052257-00430.warc.gz | 0.915042 | 595 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__274022054 | en | Intercostal nerve block is a procedure used to treat pain in the chest and upper abdomen areas. An intercostal nerve block is a block of nerves that lie underneath the lower edge of each rib.
The intercostal nerve is found between ribs throughout the thoracic region. Injecting anesthetics, steroids, or other medications inhibits the transmission of pain signals and reduces inflammation of these nerves. This procedure may also be used to diagnose pain and identify the route of the pain signal. Conditions treated with the intercostal nerve block include:
- Neuropathic pain in the chest associated with herpes zoster or shingles.
- Chronic pain after mastectomy.
- Rib fracture pain.
- Pain related to the formation of scar tissue after surgery.
- Somatic pain, secondary to metastatic cancer to the ribs.
Fluoroscope guidance using X-ray helps the doctor determine the correct placement of the needle. Once correct placement is verified, the nerve block injection is administered. A successful block is marked by pain relief. During the procedure, one nerve site may be blocked, or the injection may be performed at different sites along the nerve.
Intercostal nerve block is a short outpatient procedure that is capable of relieving pain in the muscles, bones, and skin in the chest and upper abdomen. Patients suffering from difficult-to-treat neuropathic or metastatic bone cancer pain may find an intercostal nerve block reduces their pain or relieves it completely. If the procedure is successful, the patient is a candidate for repeat injections to treat recurring pain.
The use of fluoroscopy in identifying proper needle placement greatly reduces the risk of pneumothorax and damage to surrounding tissues.
The first nerve block functions as a test as well as a possible treatment for pain. If the block results in pain relief, the physician can identify the role of the intercostal nerve in the patient’s condition. After a successful block, pain relief varies from patient to patient. Those being treated for acute pain tend to respond better to the nerve block than chronic pain sufferers. The anesthetic provides immediate pain relief that lasts a few hours. It takes longer for the steroid component to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. The steroid takes effect in about three to five days and can continue to provide pain relief for weeks or months. Patients who respond positively to treatment may receive repeat injections over time to prolong pain relief. Once the role of the intercostal nerve is identified, a permanent ablation may be performed to provide long-term pain relief.
The procedure is relatively low risk. Less than 1% of patients experience pneumothorax. This minimally-invasive treatment for pain that is often resistant to other medical interventions is easy for the patient to tolerate with minimal discomfort. If effective, the block allows patients to be more physically active in activities of daily living and improves quality of life. | biology |
https://www.premieroralsurgeryct.com/dental-services/how-to-know-if-youre-a-right-candidate-for-the-bone-grafting-procedure/ | 2023-02-09T13:01:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499966.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209112510-20230209142510-00344.warc.gz | 0.915462 | 667 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__286274069 | en | Bone grafting is an operational procedure where the doctor uses the transplanted bone to repair and rebuild the diseased or damaged bones. Bone graft is a choice to fix the bones almost anywhere in your body. For instance, jawbone recession or loss is a severe dental condition contributing to tooth loss and a sunken facial appearance. Thus, your dentist may recommend bone grafting to enhance the amount of bone in your jawline to offer additional support or replace the hollowness. Thus, in this treatment, the bone is taken from one part of your body to surgically fuse it to the existing bone in the jaw.
Here are a few conditions that make you an eligible candidate for the bone-grafting procedure:
The majority of the patients who require bone grafting have lost jawbone tissue due to missing teeth. When a patient chews or bites food, the teeth roots stimulate the alveolar bone, making the body respond by sending blood flow and nutrients to the jawbone. However, if the roots of your tooth are missing, then the jawbone will no longer receive the nutrition or stimulation, leading to reabsorption or breaking down. This causes the remaining teeth to become loose, further distorting the facial aesthetics of your face.
Thus, patients who require dental implants and adequate volume to support the dental implants require a bone grafting procedure.
A knocked-out tooth or a blow to the face can lead to the deterioration of the jawbone. Thus, if you are suffering from any oral injury due to an accident or assault, your dental surgeon may recommend bone grafting surgery to help you fix and restore the strength of your jawbone. This will further help you achieve the natural aesthetics of your face.
Cyst removal or tumor
If your surgeon is performing oral surgery to remove the cysts or tumors, he may need to remove a portion of the jawbone. In such a situation, they may conduct a reconstructive bone graft to restore the appearance and strength of your jawbone. Therefore, when thinking of bone grafting treatment, it is advisable to consult a well-experienced dentist or a maxillofacial surgeon in town.
In cases where the periodontitis is left unaddressed, the bacterial infection is prone to reach the jawbone, resulting in gradual deterioration. Gum disease is one of the typical causes of tooth loss that further damages the jawbone. So, if you are suffering from any gum disease, your dentist may recommend bone graft treatment as a comprehensive treatment plan.
Therefore, consider looking for a reputed dentist in town who offers several advanced and effective bone graft techniques. It can include sinus lift, block grafts, particulate grafts, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs).
Need a facial or dental trauma surgeon? We are here to help! At Premier Oral Surgery, we offer complete solutions associated with oral and maxillofacial surgery services. Our professionals hold extensive specialization in multiple oral surgeries, such as bone grafts, cone beam CT scan, implant placement, and removal of wisdom or impacted teeth. Call us at 203-939-9390 or at [email protected] to know more! | biology |
https://wshannon.netlify.app/ | 2023-11-30T18:14:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00149.warc.gz | 0.904213 | 262 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__172029888 | en | I am a graduate of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine: Medical Scientist Training/MD-PhD Program and I am currently a first year resident in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Specialty Training and Advanced Research (STAR) Program and dermatology residency.
My interests include: precision dermatology, preventive medicine, public health, data science, machine learning, and digital health.
I have performed research in computational medicine as part of the Hopkins Individualized Health Initiative to improve disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment through data science and predictive analytics. With support from the NIH F30 Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award, I completed my PhD in biomedical engineering with a focus on machine learning for clinical risk prediction, under the mentorship of Dr. Scott Zeger, the John C. Malone Professor of Biostatistics and Medicine.
Before starting my training as a physician scientist at Hopkins, I completed my undergraduate studies in bioengineering and biomedical research at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). At UCLA, I also performed tissue engineering research in Dr. Benjamin Wu’s lab as a Howard Hughes Undergraduate Research Program Scholar and Goldwater Scholar.
Contact information: swongvibulsin at mednet dot ucla dot edu | biology |
https://www.mycotwin.eu/mycotoxin-platform-of-turkey | 2024-04-13T04:19:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816535.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413021024-20240413051024-00809.warc.gz | 0.924016 | 204 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__69265656 | en | The Platform aims to increase scientific knowledge and experience in Turkey concerning mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi by a co-creation methodology through membership networking, scientific meetings, working groups, seminars, discussions, technical trainings and publications. Active participation of food chemists and technologists, plant pathologists, mycologists, nutritionists, food producers, retailers, associations and policy makers are expected in the platform.
The Platform will promote research on mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi thereby leading to prevention and reduction in exposure to mycotoxins, enhanced food safety in Turkey. This well-structured multi-disciplinary research group, which deals with all known aspects of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi issues, will be able to provide the most adequate strategies and solutions for the different stakeholders. And the updates of the progress and the news about the improvements in the area will be announced in the web page of the project and also through the newsletters.
Registration to the MycoTWIN activities | biology |
https://thedailyadventuresofme.com/home/sea-turtles-around-cancun-mexico | 2023-11-29T03:08:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100047.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129010302-20231129040302-00568.warc.gz | 0.955557 | 1,301 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__287438851 | en | My family has been traveling annually to the area around Cancun, Mexico, for the past twenty years. There are many wonderful things about visiting this area of the world, and you can find a list of my favorites here. One of our favorites has been being exposed to and safely interacting with magnificent sea turtles. These beauties quickly became one of my favorite sea animals with their grace and peaceful nature.
Table of Contents
When Can I See Sea Turtles Mate?
May through July is the mating season, and you can book tours to glimpse this during diving tours around Isla Mujeres. The Carey Dive Center runs turtle mating dives.
How Can I See an Adult Sea Turtle Onshore in Cancun?
Female sea turtles come onshore to eastern Mexican beaches from May through September. All seven species of sea turtles are in danger of extinction because of poaching, habit destruction, death by the rubbish in our oceans, and inadvertent capture in fishing nets. Sea turtles spend most of their lives in the ocean, only being on shore at their birth and laying eggs. Being on the sand can be one of the most dangerous periods of the turtles’ lives as they are exposed to predators and poachers. Naturally, only one or two eggs out of one thousand will become adult sea turtles.
They are spectacular creatures to see walking along the sand, but it is ILLEGAL to disrupt them in any way. If you want to see them, pick a nice quiet spot, preferably on a moonlit night, and chill. Stay far away (at least 10 meters) when you see a turtle, and do not smoke or use any flash photography. Watch this miracle from a respectful distance, staying very quiet. If you disrupt the mother, she may abandon what she is doing. Then she may return to the ocean and dump the eggs where they will have no chance of survival. When encountering a nest, let the security guards know so they can protect it.
Guided turtle walks are offered by Centro Ecological Akemal and are a great way to gain knowledge while observing these creatures.
Where Can I See Baby Sea Turtles?
Four of the seven species of sea turtles live and make nests off the coast of eastern Mexico. You can find green turtles (which they call tortuga blanca), loggerhead turtles, and hawksbill turtles, as well as the occasional leatherback.
The hotels around Cancun, marine biologists, and conservation groups work to protect these animals by increasing the chances of eggs making it back into the water as baby sea turtles. Consequently, when they find a nest, they dig up the eggs and move them to a protected place to guard them against poachers or animals who would like to eat them. They dig a hole the same size and depth as the original nest at the nursery. Then they post a sign with the species, date, time of nesting, and the number of eggs.
Depending on the species and sand temperature, it generally takes 45-60 days for the eggs to hatch. If the hatchlings have to make their way to the water over a considerable distance in the daylight, they would be easy prey to predators, especially birds, such as frigates. The hatchlings are brought inside to a safe place. They are later released into the ocean at night, preferably with a full moon, high tide, and no predatory birds around.
There are three ways that you may be involved in the hatchling release:
If you are staying at a hotel participating in turtle conservation, they may allow guests to watch the release. We have often stayed at the Royal Uno Hotel in Cancun, so I know that turtles nest here, and the hotel protects the nest. At this resort, the security guards organize the program, so they are the best to ask about it.
Some other hotels that participate: CasaMagna Marriott Cancun Resort, Royal Islander Hotel Cancun, Royal Sands All-Inclusive Resort Cancun, and Grand Residences in Puerto Morelos. Call or email other hotels and ask if they also participate in this program.
You can visit the Isla Mujeres Tortugranga (turtle farm), where, for minimal cost, you can see all stages of sea turtles and be part of a release.
Where Can I Swim with Adult Turtles?
Akumal is a shallow bay full of grasses that the turtles love to eat. It is both a great turtle hang-out and an easy snorkel. I have returned about ten times to Akemal and have seen numerous turtles each time. I consider it an ideal place to visit and high on the list of My Best Adventures Yet. You can also have a great lunch, and relax on the beach between swimming straight from the shore to snorkel with the turtles.
The easiest way to do this is to book a snorkeling tour.
There is parking at the entrance to the resort and a collectivo stop (group taxi from Playa del Carmen) from which you can walk in. It gets harder and harder to get in as time goes by, and you may need a driver to pay your way through the gates. I have a list of drivers in my Yucatan post. You can dive right from the shore if you bring your own equipment. You can also visit Akemal as part of several tours which visit Tulum. Off the beach, where you see all the boats, are numerous turtles, and they are there year-round!
One of my favorite things I have ever done in my life is snorkeling with sea turtles in this area. If you do, please respect these magnificent creatures by watching them, not interacting with them. Wear biodegradable sunscreen or a swim shirt to keep from polluting their habitat.
Check out my YouTube video of swimming with the turtles at Akumal above.
What a peaceful, blissful experience!
If you are as crazy about these majestic animals as I am, I hope that this article has inspired you to respect them, help to work to conserve them, and respectfully visit them in their natural environment. Another place you can swim with sea turtles is in Barbados! You can read about that on Ginger of the Go.
What is your best experience with an animal in the wild? Please share it in the comment section. | biology |
https://essidsolutions.com/product/r-bioinformatics-cookbook/ | 2023-09-24T03:52:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506559.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924023050-20230924053050-00455.warc.gz | 0.883755 | 267 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__307707920 | en | R Bioinformatics Cookbook
Handling biological data effectively requires an in-depth knowledge of machine learning techniques and computational skills, along with an understanding of how to use tools such as edgeR and DESeq. With the R Bioinformatics Cookbook, you’ll explore all this and more, tackling common and not-so-common challenges in the bioinformatics domain using real-world examples.
This book will use a recipe-based approach to show you how to perform practical research and analysis in computational biology with R. You will learn how to effectively analyze your data with the latest tools in Bioconductor, ggplot, and tidyverse. The book will guide you through the essential tools in Bioconductor to help you understand and carry out protocols in RNAseq, phylogenetics, genomics, and sequence analysis. As you progress, you will get up to speed with how machine learning techniques can be used in the bioinformatics domain. You will gradually develop key computational skills such as creating reusable workflows in R Markdown and packages for code reuse.
By the end of this book, you’ll have gained a solid understanding of the most important and widely used techniques in bioinformatic analysis and the tools you need to work with real biological data. | biology |
http://nanox.mk/en/?page_id=935 | 2022-08-12T11:04:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00026.warc.gz | 0.927258 | 390 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__62080522 | en | PM is an abbreviation of Particulate Matter (substance in form of particles). It is tiny particles of solid matter or liquid in gas state.
PM particles may be :
- Natural - the result of volcanoes, sandstorms, forest and steppe fires, etc. or
- Created by human activity (anthropogenic) - combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and various industrial processes.
PM 10 particles have a size less than 10 μm (micrometers ) in diameter. MP 2.5 particles have a size less than 2.5 μm in diameter. For comparison, a grain of sand is the size of about 90 μm in diameter.
The measurement of the presence of PM particles in the environment is micrograms in a cubic meter. According World Health Organization, the permissible limit for PM 10 particles during a period of 24 hours is 50 micrograms/m3 while for the PM 2.5 is 25 micrograms/m3. During the winter period it is happening in certain parts of Skopje to have the presence of PM particles up to 20 times more than the permitted amount.
When the air is polluted, we take in a large number of PM particles with single inhalation. The bigger particles adhere to the respiratory tract and rarely reach the lungs. They are usually eliminated by rinsing and coughing.
The tiny particles are much more dangerous. They reach the lungs, and those smaller than 2.5 microns go directly into the bloodstream and are thus transported throughout the body.
According to medical science, breathing polluted air can cause stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and other diseases. These diseases, which are a consequence of the air pollution, significantly increase the mortality rate in Macedonia in winter time. Unofficial information (official does not exist) indicates that as a result of air pollution there are up to 1200 deaths per year in Macedonia. | biology |
http://harbour.man.ac.uk/mmcustom/narratives/display.php?irn=606&QueryPage=/mmcustom/narratives/index.php | 2020-06-02T02:09:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347422065.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200602002343-20200602032343-00221.warc.gz | 0.977099 | 191 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__58604643 | en | |Where do the museum's birds come from?|
British museum collections largely grew up from the early 19th century onwards, coinciding with the time of exploration. Trade with the British Empire (including America and much of Canada at that time, India, parts of Africa, Australia and New Zealand amongst others) meant that large previously unexplored (by British) areas were opened up for the first time. Specimens were sent back to Britain to be studied by experts, who worked out which species they belong to, and the distribution of different species. Many of these birds would have been shot specially, but many were picked up in markets.
If you have any comments, or would like to contribute your own information to this narrative, please use our feedback form.
The copyright in these data and images is property of The Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester. Data and images are supplied for personal and research use only.
Terms and Conditions | biology |
https://dinosaurs2.neocities.org/newhtml5.html | 2020-02-17T04:58:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875141653.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217030027-20200217060027-00089.warc.gz | 0.9654 | 283 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__171083999 | en | Often compared to an army tank or bus, Ankylosaurus was a heavily armored dinosaur with a large club-like protrusion at the end of its tail. Ankylosaurus means "fused lizard" in Greek, and it was given that name because bones in its skull and other parts of its body were fused, making the dinosaur extremely rugged. Ankylosaurus lived in the late Cretaceous Period, about 65.5 million to 66.8 million years ago, and roamed the Western United States and Alberta, Canada.While this herbivorous dinosaur was a massive animal, a re-examination of its fossils in 2004 by armored dinosaur expert Kenneth Carpenter downsized it a bit. The largest Ankylosaurus specimen ever found was 20.5 feet (6.25 meters) long, 5.6 feet (1.7 m) tall at the hips and 4.9 feet (1.5 m) wide, according to the study, published in the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. It likely weighed up to 4 tons (3.6 metric tons).
Herbivore (plant-eater) - Ankylosaurus had to eat a huge amount of low-lying plant material to sustain itself so its gut must have been very large. It probably had a fermentation compartment to aid in the digestion of the tough plant material, producing prodigious amounts of gas! | biology |
https://sailingmanuelantonio.com/costa-rica.html | 2024-02-29T19:34:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474852.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229170737-20240229200737-00740.warc.gz | 0.922267 | 740 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__208942049 | en | A paradise for amazing nature focused sailing tours
Costa Rica is located in the neotropics. With a particularly high biodiversity, many endemic species, genera and families of plants and animals, and diverse ecosystems, Costa Rica is considered one of the world’s megadiverse countries. The Pacific mountain slopes , together with Colombia’s Chocó, contain the greatest biodiversity on earth. In addition, with a land area of about 51,100 square kilometers and an area of 589,000 square kilometers of territorial waters, the country belongs to the biodiversity hotspot Mesoamerica due to its great vulnerability.
The two coasts and the mountainous regions have a variety of different microclimates, which are one of the reasons for the abundance of different ecosystems in the country. The state’s recorded 500,000 species are four percent of the world’s accepted species. 300,000 of the 500,000 total species are insects.
Climate protection, nature conservation and forest protection are considered an important part of the state’s environmental policy and are consistently implemented. Whereas loggers cleared about 80 % of the rainforest in the 1970s and 1980s, today more than 50 % of the country is covered by forest again. To protect the forest, the country successfully relies on ecotourism, from which both locals and environmentally conscious travelers benefit. For example, some 1.5 million tourists spend nearly $1.5 billion annually visiting the country’s rainforests and other ecological destinations. The Camino de Costa Rica hiking trail runs once across the country from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. It was created to support ecotourism and at the same time the rural population.
About 27% of Costa Rica‘s land is protected. In 2012, there were 160 protected areas such as biological reserves, national parks and nature reserves.
There are 26 national parks scattered throughout the country with very different characteristic features. In the 1969 Forest Conservation Act, Santa Rosa in the northwest of the country on the Pacific coast was established as the first national park. At the same time, a national park administration was created, but initially it had neither sufficient financial resources nor personnel to effectively protect the park from farmers and new settlers. Thanks to the private initiative Rainforest of the Austrians, the situation has since improved considerably.
The uninhabited Cocos Island (Isla del Coco), which belongs to C.R., lies 500 kilometers off the coast in the Pacific Ocean and may only be entered with special permission. Like the national parks of La Amistad and Guanacaste, it has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In front of Puerto Viejo (Puerto Viejo de Talamanca) is the National Park Cahuita with birds, snakes, lizards and butterflies. In the treetops you can find mantled howler monkeys. On the coastal stretch toward Manzanillo, dense forest prevails in most sections. Plants, sea and animals are protected in the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge. Moving along the route are toucans, sloths and herds of monkeys with powerful prehensile tails that feed on leaves. Also common in this part of Costa Rica are white-shouldered capuchin monkeys. The rare red-backed squirrel monkeys, on the other hand, can now only be seen in the southwestern region of Costa Rica, for example in Manuel Antonio and Corcovado National Parks. The fourth species of monkey in Costa Rica, the Geoffroy’s spider monkey, prefers dense forest areas and feeds on insects and small fruits. | biology |
https://conferencepartners.com/project/hupo-2017/ | 2023-05-31T15:11:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646937.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230531150014-20230531180014-00325.warc.gz | 0.943918 | 1,011 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__272617423 | en | HUPO 2017 took place from 17th – 21st September in the Convention Centre Dublin, welcoming over 1,350 delegates from around the globe, including former Vice President of the United States Joe Biden. The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) is an international scientific organization representing and promoting proteomics through international cooperation and collaborations by fostering the development of new technologies, techniques and training. HUPO was initially launched on February 9, 2001. On that date, a global advisory council was officially formed that included leading global experts in the field of proteomics from the academic, government, and commercial sectors. Over the next 12 months, the council, in consultation with industry, identified major proteomics issues and initiatives that needed to be addressed by HUPO.
The Objectives of HUPO 2017
- Provide an important opportunity to consolidate and record the key achievements of proteomics to date
- Embrace a forward-looking perspective to deliver an inflection point – a key milestone event – in the evolution of proteomics. One that will be a lasting legacy for the field.
- Engage new constituencies with the field of proteomics to support new scientific and new business opportunities.
- Elicit a quantum change in global engagement of the field with the public
The vision for HUPO2017 Congress on “Integrated Proteomics for Healthcare Systems” was to create a meeting that would bring together world leaders with a new generation of scientists to promote HUPO’s capabilities for advancing our knowledge of the Human Proteome and the impact this will have on our understanding of health, disease and ageing. The Congress celebrated past achievements and presented new disruptive advances in proteomics. This was achieved with a balanced scientific programme that took into account previous milestone developments in proteomics, the current state of the art as well as newly arising areas and opportunities.
This five day conference consisted of a broad and complex scientific programme including Seminars, Workshops, Debates on the latest Science and Technology developments, Sponsored Symposia, a Meet The Experts for PhD students & young researchers to further develop their careers, and an Exhibition to showcase the best of European public and private research.
The programme included sessions covering each of the twelve current HUPO Initiatives and the Biology/Disease driven Human Proteome Project (HPP). In recognition of the increasing role of proteomics and complementary ‘omics technologies in personalised medicine there was a special focus on the application of proteomics to disease diagnosis, therapeutic protein production (and characterisation) and drug development as well as the analysis and integration of proteomic data. The presence of world-leading major international pharmaceutical biopharmaceutical and information technology companies in Ireland provided a wonderful opportunity for cross discipline information exchange and personal networking.
The CCD provided a superb environment in which to present, discuss and advance proteomic research. The world class scientific programme consolidated existing knowledge while at the same time increasing awareness of leading edge and forward looking advances in the field.
KEY PROGRAMME THEMES
- Cellular Proteomics
- Drug and Biopharmaceutical Proteomics
- Systems, Bioinformatics and Omics Data Integration
- Disease & Clinical Proteomics
- Precision & Personalised Proteomics
- HPP (B/D-HPP & C-HPP)
HUPO2017 has left a lasting legacy on the city. Delegates received a positive experience of Dublin and the HUPO2017 organisers received excellent feedback from all stakeholders involved in the conference. 1351 attendees from over 61 countries witnessed 223 oral presentations and took part in an incredible total of 668 programme presentations and were able to network and chat with 35 exhibitors.
On top of this there were 10 innovation presentations and 18 meet the expert sessions. Attendees also had the opportunity to participate in a bio-informatics hub, an innovation stage, a quiz bowl and a treasure hunt.
Finally, possibly one of the most exciting additions to HUPO2017 was the HUPO2017 Global Leadership Gala Dinner on Saturday 16th September. The event was catalysed in part, by the Cancer Moonshot initiative. The organizers were delighted that the 47th Vice President of the United States of America Joseph R. Biden Jr. delivered a keynote address at the dinner on the theme of “International Cooperation in the Fight Against Cancer.” The evening dinner event was held in the Royal College of Physicians in Dublin and brought together the world’s leading proteomic and proteogenomic researchers including those working on cancer research in the company of government, academia and industry leaders. The event focused on both raising awareness of HUPO and its activities, and advances in proteomics and their impact on human health, as well as the ICPC which currently comprises 11 countries and seeks to encourage more institutions to join this global partnership. | biology |
https://caloriescalculate.com/calories/ | 2021-04-11T09:49:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038061820.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411085610-20210411115610-00445.warc.gz | 0.934566 | 1,709 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__48055799 | en | Calories is a unit of measuring thermal energy defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree centigrade. (Between 5 and 14 ° C and 5 and 15 ° C) under regular atmospheric pressure (1 atmospheric pressure or an equivalent of 101.325 kPa). It is a unit to measure the thermal energy needed and created by the body in order to carry out its work normally, by burning food. A person needs the energy to carry out his basic functions of life, and this energy is primarily from food and oxygen that we breathe. The food differs in the amount of energy it produces on what it contains from the three basic elements in the food, namely: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
- Calculate the daily intake of calories
- Calculating burned calories
- Calculate the ideal body weight
- BMI Calculator
The word “calorie” means in English (1 cal) and this is not completely correct because that calorie is what is sometimes called a “small calorie”; In the field of nutrition when talking about calorie, we usually mean “big calories”; It is in English (1 kcal) 1 kcal; That’s 1,000 small calorie.
In the field of nutrition, where the list of contents is written on the canned or bag (let it be a bag of rice, sugar or lentils), both formulas are sometimes used, and in most cases it means a large price (1 kcal).
Sources of calories
These sources produce thermal energy in varying proportions:
Carbohydrates: produce 400 calories (100 grams) per 100 grams. In English, one kilogram of calories is one thousand calorie.
Fat: produces about 900 calories per 100 grams; That is 900 kilocalorie per 100 grams.
Proteins: produce 400 (large) calorie per 100 grams; That is, 400 kcal / 100 g protein.
That is why it is necessary to distinguish between the price and the large price which is 1000 calories (small).
Calories are found in vegetables and fruits in small amounts relative to carbohydrates; While we find in carbohydrates 400 large calorie / 100 grams, they are for vegetables between 20 – 40 large calories / 100 grams. Eating salad from fresh vegetables before eating, for example, helps reduce carbohydrate, fat and meat intake, so people feel full and have eaten adequate quantities of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and vegetables, so they do not lead to weight gain that we do not want.
For eating vegetables and fruits, nutritionists advise that they contain all colors as possible: such as yellow or red carrots, red tomatoes, red bell peppers, yellow bell peppers, green radishes, green cucumbers. Fruits: strawberries, red apples, yellow apricots, yellow guava, blueberries, red grapes and their equivalents, bearing in mind that a week does not pass without eating three or four types of this assortment. The body’s organs perform their functions and improve their immunity against epidemics and diseases. The purpose of persevering in eating those healthy foods rich in vitamins and minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, iodine, etc.) is for the body to obtain its needs and not lack any element, so that it remains healthy and healthy.
The body needs a specific amount of calories daily, and it increases according to the person’s activity, the size of his body, and age. Children and young adults in the process of developing need large amounts of calories. There must be a balance between the calories we take from food and the calories we burn so that our weight does not increase because the body stores the extra calories it needs in the form of fats to use later if it is forced to do so in the event of a decrease in calories taken by eating. If we eat too much, the amount of fats increases. If we reduce food, the body uses fat to produce energy and burn it, so our fat decreases.
The body consumes calories from food in all its vital activities such as breathing and digestion and the work of all devices such as the heart, kidneys, liver, as well as thinking.
The body also consumes calories during its physical activity, such as walking, running, climbing the ladder, carrying weight, and sports.
Definition of calories
The energy needed to increase the temperature of a given block of water by 1 ° C depends on the temperature. Therefore, in the table below we find different (but close) values that were measured at different temperatures. Such as at 0 ° C, at 15 ° C, or at 20 ° C. The most common definition, and in particular the price used for food, is the measured price at 15 ° C.
The calorie conversion factor for joules is:
1 calorie (small) = 18 and 4 joules.
There are two calories names:
Small calorie, which is the calorie per gram of water, and symbolized by cal. It is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 ° C, which is approximately 2 and 4 joules.
The large calorie, or calorie per kilogram of water, which is known as the calorie of food, symbolized by the symbol Cal or kcal.
This is the amount of heat needed to raise 1 kg of water by 1 ° C. It is thus 1000 times more than the small calorie, and accordingly the amount of the large calorie is 2 and 4 kilojoules
Calories and energy balance
Energy balance We mean by here is the amount of energy entering the body in the form of calories from different foods, and the amount of energy that comes out of it “consumed” through various daily and vital activities.
And this balance is the secret of losing or increasing weight if we know how to control it in order to reverse the equation in favor of what we want to achieve. It is as follows:
1_ If the equation is as follows: the energy entering the body = the energy consumed or leaving the body, then this means maintaining a constant weight.
2_ The following equation: The energy entering the body> of the energy consumed, then this means extra calorie in the body, which may mean converting and storing it in the form of fats in the body, and thus increasing the weight if this system is adopted as a way of life.
3_ If the equation is as follows: the energy entering the body <of the energy consumed, here we get the results of weight loss and loss of accumulated fat in the body, and this is what most certainly hope for!
Calories in different foods
Knowing the caloric intake in foods eaten daily is very important for maintaining a healthy weight and making sure that we do not start more than necessary.
It is possible to determine the amount of calorie in packed and processed foods via the food label, which shows the amount of energy under the name “calories”, and by using a unit of calorimetry or calories.
To find out more about the food label and how to read it, just enter the following article: Food labels are a way for us to feed healthy.
As for the calorie contained in different foodstuffs, this is specified in the menus and their alternatives according to the food rations of the different groups. For example: a grain of medium-sized fruits such as a small apple, which is equal to one food ration of fruit rations, it provides us with approximately 60 calories, while A portion of starches such as bread, which is equal to 30 grams, provides us with approximately 80 calories and so on.
To find out more about the food rations and their quantities, here is the guide for determining the amount of rations: The guide for determining the amount of food and rations.
The amount of calories a person consumes by performing a specific physical activity varies depending on a group of factors, including size, age, intensity and type of activity. The more you perform the activity with more power and effort, the more calories you burn.
For example, brisk walking consumes more calorie than walking at a moderate pace. We should not forget to mention that the human body consumes more calories to carry out the necessary metabolism, and its various vital functions are respiration, digestion, brain functions, and others. | biology |
http://rousselotusonline.com/art/2021/12/31/art_31256_806460.html | 2022-01-23T19:18:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304309.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220123172206-20220123202206-00306.warc.gz | 0.923154 | 952 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__25016465 | en | Yuxing Peng Zizhong Li Tao Sun Feixia Zhang Qi Wu Mengya Du Tingting Sheng
The long-term effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation on soil water use and economic returns have not been evaluated and optimized in the corn belt of northeast China (CBNC). Crop modeling based on long-term weather data and short-term field data helps evaluate agricultural practices’ long-term effect. The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) was calibrated and validated based on the data sets on soil water storage (SWS), aboveground biomass (biomass), and yield under continuous corn (CC), five years of alfalfa (5A), and three years of alfalfa followed by two years of corn (3A2C) cropping systems from 2014 to 2018 at Quanyangou-Lishu in Jilin province, China. The APSIM could simulate well SWS, evapotranspiration (ET), and annual biomass of alfalfa (5A) with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 9.6%, 5.0% and 13.2%, respectively. This model was also confirmed to simulate well the SWS, ET, yield, and biomass of corn (CC) with the NRMSE of 9.6%, 3.4%, 6.5% and 9.8%, respectively and that of alfalfa-corn rotation (3A2C) with the NRMSE of 8.4%, 4.5%, 8.7% and 12.2%, respectively. The validated APSIM was used to optimize the alfalfa-corn rotation systems by simulating water use and economic returns under five scenarios, including CC, 3A2C, four years of alfalfa followed by two years of corn (4A2C), five years of alfalfa followed by two years of corn (5A2C) and five years of alfalfa followed by five years of alfalfa (5A5A) based on the weather data from 1984 to 2018 (35 years) at Quanyangou-Lishu (black soil with losing mollic epipedon, relatively warm and moist climate, in Jilin province, the center of CBNC), Fujia-Lishu (aeolian sandy soil, relatively warm and moist climate, in Jilin province), Chaoyang (cinnamon soil, warm and dry climate, in Liaoning province, the south of CBNC) and Hailun (black soil with moderately thick mollic epipedon, cold and wet climate, in Heilongjiang province, the north of CBNC). Dry soil layers were only found in 250–400 cm soil layer in 18-yr 5A5A or 20-yr 5A2C treatment at Chaoyang and in 350–450 cm soil layer in 20-yr 5A5A or 26-yr 5A2C treatment at Quanyangou-Lishu. At four sites, the highest and lowest mean annual biomass water use efficiency (WUEB) could be found in CC (30.91–38.93 kg ha−1 mm−1) and in 5A5A (20.53–26.31 kg ha−1 mm−1), respectively. The alfalfa-corn rotation treatments had similar WUEB ranged from 22.91 to 30.17 kg ha−1 mm−1. The NR of alfalfa-corn rotation treatments at four sites were 38–169% higher than that of CC and 6–35% lower than that of 5A5A. Alfalfa-corn rotation treatments improved the stability of NR at Fujia-Lishu and Chaoyang by the CV of 40–75% and 65–95%, compared to that of CC treatment by the CV of 79% and 101%, respectively. Among alfalfa-corn rotation treatments, the 5A2C had higher and more stable NR than 4A2C and 3A2C. Therefore, we suggested 5A2C at Fujia-Lishu and Hailun and 4A2C at Quanyangou-Lishu and Chaoyang to achieve dry soil layer’s prevention, relatively high WUEB and high and stable NR.
APSIM; Alfalfa-corn rotation; Water use; Economic returns; Corn belt of northeast China | biology |
http://www.slrctsurgery.com/Thoracic20aortic20aneurysms.htm | 2019-04-23T18:23:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578610036.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423174820-20190423200820-00518.warc.gz | 0.923892 | 2,447 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__48231142 | en | An aortic aneurysm is an enlargement of a weakened area of the aorta. Aneurysms which involve the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta are termed "thoracic aortic aneurysms." Aneurysms in these regions are prone to rupture once they reach a certain size (see below). Fifty percent of patients who experience a rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm die before reaching the hospital. Furthermore, surgical repair of a ruptured thoracic aneurysm carries a 25-50% mortality as opposed to a 5-8% mortality when such aneurysms are treated electively.
Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Descending Thoracic Aneurysm
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm
Aneurysms are also prone to dissection, or a tearing of the wall of the aorta. When this occurs in the ascending aorta or aortic arch it represents a life threatening emergency which is typically treated with emergency surgery. When a dissection involves the descending thoracic or abdominal aorta, treatment rarely includes surgery. Control of the blood pressure and adequate pain control typically results in healing of the injury. However, dissections of the descending and abdominal aorta do weaken the wall of the aorta and are prone to aneurysmal formation. Close follow-up with an aneurysm specialist is recommended.
Most thoracic aneurysms are asymptomatic and are typically detected when imaging studies (chest x-rays, CT scans, MRI, etc) are being obtained for unrelated reasons. When aortic aneurysms reach larger sizes the symptoms are typically based on the location of the aneurysm.
Ascending aortic aneurysms frequently cause dilatation and leakage of the aortic valve. This can result in shortness of breath or even heart failure should the leakage be severe. Ascending aortic aneurysms can also result in a dull pain underneath the breastbone or radiating to the upper back.
Aortic arch aneurysms can also produce upper chest and back pain. However, when large, these aneurysms can compress both the esophagus and the airway resulting in difficulty swallowing and hoarseness.
Descending thoracic aneurysms are mostly asymptomatic, but can occasionally cause back pain. In contrast, abdominal and thoracoabdominal aneurysms may cause a pulsating feeling in the upper abdomen. Abdominal and back pain may also be present if the aneurysm increases in size.
Whereas, most of the symptoms of stable thoracic aneurysms are vague and non-specific, rupture or dissection of these aneurysms produces dramatic symptoms. A ripping sensation within the chest accompanied by severe pain in the back between the shoulder blades is the most typical complaint during thoracic aortic dissection or rupture. Dizziness, difficulty walking and speaking can all accompany this acute event. Patients with known aortic aneurysms experiencing such symptoms need to contact their physician or surgeon immediately and go to the nearest emergency room.
Idiopathic cystic medial degeneration
The most common cause of ascending aortic aneurysms is a condition known as idiopathic cystic medial degeneration. The elastic fibers which make up the outer wall of the aorta normally break down as we age, making the aorta more prone to dilation. In some patients this process is accelerated resulting in early aneurysm formation. We presently do not know the exact mechanisms involved in this process (hence the term idiopathic). Cystic medial degeneration can also be the cause of aortic arch and descending thoracic aneurysms. It rarely is the cause of thoracoabdominal or abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Atherosclerosis is the term used to describe hardening of the arteries. Smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol are the primary causes of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis typically results in blockages of arteries that deliver blood to the heart (coronary arteries), the legs (femoral arteries), or the brain (carotid arteries). The damage caused to the aortic wall by atherosclerosis can result in aneurysm formation.
Marfan syndrome is a genetic condition which is transmitted from parent to child that affects the connective tissues throughout the body. The defect is in the gene that makes fibrillin, a major elastic fiber protein found in the wall of the aorta. Nearly all patients with Marfan syndrome develop aneurysms of the ascending aorta and subsequent leakage of the aortic valve. These aneurysms are prone to rupture at smaller sizes when compared to aneurysms of other etiologies. The risk of aortic dissection is likewise significantly increased in Marfan syndrome. Patients with Marfan syndrome may also develop leakage of the mitral valve. Connective tissue abnormalities throughout the rest of the body can result in slender, tapering fingers, long arms and legs, curvature of the spine and eye problems.
Certain families without specific genetic disorders may exhibit a strong history of aortic aneurysm formation. If a sibling or parent has been diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm, there may be an increased risk of aortic aneurysm formation in the patient.
Aneurysms Associated with Aortic Dissection
An aortic dissection results when the inner layer of the aorta separates from the middle layer of the aorta (see above). When this occurs within the ascending aorta it is frequently fatal unless emergency surgery is performed. However, in the descending aorta, an aortic dissection can typically be treated with medications. Nonetheless, the dissection weakens the aortic wall and the aorta is then prone to aneurysm formation. Chronic dissections need to be managed like all other aneurysms and surgery is indicated once a certain size is reached.
Aneurysms Associated with Bicuspid Aortic Valve
A bicuspid aortic valve is one which contains 2 leaflets instead of the usual three. Such valves are prone to both leakage and stenosis. A bicuspid aortic valve is composed of abnormal connective tissue. This same abnormal tissue also composes the ascending aorta making it susceptible to aneurysm formation. Patients with bicuspid aortic valves frequently have aneurysms of the ascending aorta and surgery on the aortic valve should involve replacement of the aorta should there be any aortic dilation.
Infection of the aortic wall (bacterial, syphilis, etc.) can rarely result in an aneurysm known as a "mycotic aneurysm." Inflammatory aortic aneurysms are a special type of aneurysm associated with a vigorous fibrotic and inflammatory response and require special surgical interventions. Takayasu's arteritis is an autoimmune inflammatory response which is typically found in Japanese patients and results in aneurysms of the ascending aorta and aortic arch.
Suggestions of a thoracic aneurysm can frequently be inferred from routine chest X-rays. However, thoracic aneurysms are most reliably diagnosed with a CT scan or MRI. Frequently, the diagnosis is made when one of these imaging studies is performed for symptoms unrelated to the aneurysm. Echocardiography is important for the evaluation of the aortic valve and also can be used to evaluate the size of the ascending aorta.
Once an aneurysm is diagnosed, strict control of the blood pressure and avoidance of smoking are two interventions which may prevent growth. At present there are no medications which can either shrink the aneurysm or prevent its growth.
Once a thoracic aneurysm is diagnosed, routine, scheduled follow-up is necessary by an aortic specialist. Aneurysm size needs to be followed closely and surgery is warranted if there is rapid growth over a short period of time or if a critical size is reached. Follow-up typically includes CT scans or MRI's every 6-12 months.
The ascending aorta grows at a rate of 0.10 cm per year and the descending aorta at a rate of 0.20 cm per year. Should an aneurysm increase in size by 0.4cm in any one year then surgery should be performed.
Decisions regarding surgery can be made if the risk of death, dissection or rupture is known for any particular aneurysm size. This risk can then be compared to the risk of surgery. At St. Luke's-Roosevelt Aneurysm Center the operative mortality of ascending aortic aneurysm surgery is 2.3%. The mortality for aortic arch surgery increases to 5-8% and the mortality for descending thoracic aneurysm surgery is 5.5%. Below is listed the yearly risk of complications based on aortic aneurysm size.
Given these statistics it is recommended that asymptomatic ascending aortic aneurysms be resected at a size of 5.0-5.5 cm. If severe aortic insufficiency is present in the setting of a bicuspid valve, the ascending aorta should be resected when it is 4.5 cm in diameter. Descending thoracic and aortic arch aneurysms typically are resected when they exceed 6.0 cm in diameter. A patient with Marfan's syndrome typically warrants earlier intervention. Symptomatic aneurysms should be resected regardless of size.
Surgery to repair an ascending aortic or arch aneurysm involves removing the aneurysmal portion of the aorta and replacing it with an artificial Dacron tube. If the aortic valve is damaged it also need to be replaced or repaired. Replacement options include mechanical and tissue valves (see valve surgery link).
This type of surgery traditionally has been performed by dividing the breastbone. At the St. Luke's-Roosevelt Aneurysm Center, minimally invasive surgical techniques are now routinely being applied to ascending and arch aneurysm resection. Instead of dividing the breastbone, the upper part of the sternum is only partially divided. This allows for less blood loss and quicker recovery.
Descending Thoracic Aneurysms
The traditional approach to descending thoracic aneurysms is through an incision made in the side and between the ribs. The diseased portion of the aorta is removed and replaced with a Dacron graft. However, techniques of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair are now applicable to some descending thoracic aneurysms. In this procedure two small incisions are made in both groins and a graft is placed inside the aneurysm in order to exclude it from the circulation. These devices are presently only available in the
Below is the angiogram of a complicated patient treated with endovascular surgery for a descending thoracic aneurysm.
|For a referral to the St. Luke's- Roosevelt Aneurysm Center call 212-523-2717.| | biology |
https://www.planeturine.com/why-vinegar-is-not-the-most-effective-way-to-remove-pet-stains/ | 2023-10-02T18:59:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511002.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002164819-20231002194819-00775.warc.gz | 0.965742 | 276 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__123537317 | en | Pets are adorable and become members of the family. At the same time, however, they need special attention. Pet stains are one of the unpleasant problems that pet owners must deal with and they know very well how difficult it is to remove them completely.
Vinegar is a very popular ingredient in homemade solutions that people use to clean pet stains. But is it really good?
Vinegar has multiple beneficial uses when it comes to pets. It improves the digestion of dogs and cats, by lowering the pH and stimulating good bacterial cultures, keeps insects away from the animal’s fur and can be used to clean the pet’s ears, as it rebalances the skin’s pH and kills mycoses.
But when it comes to using it to clean pet stains, caution is recommended. It is true that the acetic acid lowers and may even neutralize the ammonia from the animal urine, also breaking down bacteria that can exist in pet waste. However, considering that it is acidic in nature, vinegar also holds many of the same properties as pet urine. Besides, its scent can actually draw the animals back to the same place again, which is something you want to avoid.
So if you want to remove cat urine from carpet, you should replace vinegar with an enzymatic solution from Planet Urine for cleaning pet stains. | biology |
http://celluloseether.com/hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose-in-eye-drops/ | 2024-03-01T10:49:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475238.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301093751-20240301123751-00067.warc.gz | 0.910289 | 347 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__67503529 | en | Application of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose in Eye Drops
HydroxyPropyl Methyl Cellulose solution with the maximum viscosity and clarity is very important for its application in eye drops.
Eye-drop preparations generally use many excipients, such as adjusting the pH value within the range of 5.0 to 9.0, adjusting the osmotic pressure in the isotonic range and adding antimicrobial agents to prevent microbial contamination. Some drugs even need to add solubilizers and stabilizers.
The pH value of 1% HydroxyPropyl Methyl Cellulose solution is 4-8 and the viscosity is stable in the pH range of 3.0 -11.0. In addition, it has optimum compatibility with the electrolyte, so suitable for use in the eye drops as thickening agents. The use at a concentration of 0.45% to 1.0% can extend the contact time with the eye, increase drug absorption, and improve bioavailability.
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose often acts as the suspending agent in suspension eye drops. It can increase the viscosity of the solvent, reduce the density difference between particles and the dispersion medium, and increase the hydrophilicity of particles. By the effect of gravity, suspended particles will naturally settle on standing, and the sedimentation rate is in accordance with Stokes law. The sedimentation rate is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the dispersion medium, but proportional to reducing the density difference between particles and the dispersion medium. In addition, HydroxyPropyl Methyl Cellulose can act as the gel matrix in gel-type eye ointments. | biology |
http://www.shallow-waters.co.uk/ | 2014-10-25T16:43:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414119648706.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20141024030048-00207-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.907613 | 172 | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-42__0__6641858 | en | Shallow Waters is a marine conservation social enterprise working toward a community led coral reef management programme on the beautiful Koh Sdach island located off Cambodia’s south west coast.
We offer marine conservation programmes and research internships to international volunteers and students in order to fund and execute our project in the long term. We are working alongside resident fisherman, academics from the Royal University of Phnom Penh, local and international NGO’s, and the Cambodian Fisheries Administration, to develop a marine resource management programme for the Koh Sdach archipelago.
Our research is being funded in part by The Rufford Small Grant Foundation, a charity that provide start-up grants for nature conservation projects in developing countries. Shallow Waters is supported by Anglia Ruskin University and is alumni of the Accelerate programme at the Cambridge Judge Business School. | biology |
http://www.chermsidefamilydental.com.au/dental-erosion-tooth-wear/ | 2020-07-16T17:13:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657172545.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20200716153247-20200716183247-00530.warc.gz | 0.929418 | 1,000 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__158469591 | en | Have you been told by your dentist that your teeth are at risk of erosion or that you’ve been grinding your teeth? Below may be useful information about the various causes of tooth wear.
What is tooth wear?
- Tooth wear is the irreversible loss of tooth structure. The resulting structural loss is unsightly, impairs the function of teeth and is often painful. The damage can also be difficult and costly to repair.
- There are three types of tooth wear: abrasion, attrition and dental erosion. These can sometimes occur in combination and can be difficult to determine the sole type of wear.
- Abrasion: physical wear of the teeth caused by something other than tooth to tooth contact, e.g. overzealous tooth brushing, repeated use of a toothpick, or a habit of holding/using something between the teeth (nail biting, holding hair pins or sewing pins)
- Attrition: loss of tooth structure due to tooth to tooth contact, such as tooth grinding.
- Abfraction: loss of tooth structure due to overloaded force on the teeth, from grinding and clenching.
- Dental erosion: dissolving of tooth structure due to the repeated presence of acids in the mouth.
What does dental erosion look like? The first signs of dental erosion include:
- Teeth appearing yellow: due to darker coloured tooth structure showing through the thinning enamel.
- Teeth appearing glazed and smooth – due to the tooth surface being worn away.
- Teeth appearing to be shorter.
- Fillings sitting higher than the surrounding tooth surface.
- Chewing surfaces of the teeth showing smooth, concave craters.
- Sensitive teeth.
What causes dental erosion?
- The cause of dental erosion is acid attack.
- Many drinks including soft drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks, alcohol and fruit juices contain acids. Most of these drinks also have a high sugar content which contributes to tooth decay.
- A diet high in acidic food and drinks can cause tooth wear. The lower the pH of a product, the more acidic it is. Any food or drink with a pH lower than 5.0 may cause tooth wear and tooth sensitivity.
The pH of some common foods and drinks
Milk pH 6.9
Flavoured milk pH 6.7
Tap water pH 6.0
Cheddar cheese pH 5.9
Coffee pH 5.0
Beer pH 4.5
Orange juice pH 3.5
Apple juice pH 3.4
Grapefruit pH 3.3
Pickles pH 3.2
Sports energy drinks pH 3.0
Common soft drinks and carbonated water pH 2.5-2.7
Red wine pH 2.5
Lemon juice pH 2.2
Vinegar pH 2.0
Other factors that contribute to tooth erosion:
- A dry mouth – which increases the risk of damage from an acid attack
- Stomach acid coming in contact with the teeth due to chronic regurgitation, reflux or vomiting (e.g. bulimia, morning sickness, peptic ulcer)
What should I do to minimise the risk of dental erosion?
- Eat a well-balanced diet, and reduce the amount of acidic and sugary foods and drinks. Try to limit snacking.
- Eat foods that act as a buffer by neutralising saliva pH more quickly (e.g. dairy products contain a protein called casein which protects teeth from acid).
- Avoid holding or ‘swishing’ acidic drinks around the mouth as this minimises exposure of the drink to the teeth.
- Chew sugar free gum to stimulate saliva flow and wash acids away.
- Drink plenty of water frequently throughout the day, especially if exercising. Fluoridated water is ideal.
- Avoid caffeinated beverages, as caffeine causes dehydration.
- Do not brush immediately after eating or drinking acidic or sugary foods or drinks, as the tooth enamel will be softened and could be ‘brushed off’.
What should I do to minimise the risk of the other causes of dental wear?
- To reduce your risk of abrasion, abfraction and attrition ensure that you are brushing your teeth gently twice a day with a soft toothbrush, and flossing daily.
- Tooth clenching and grinding are common and are associated with stress, nicotine, caffeine, health conditions particularly snoring and sleep apnoea, and stimulatory-drugs particularly narcotics.
- Stress-management and relaxation can be beneficial, and you may benefit from a protective guard for the teeth made by your dentist, to be worn at night
If you think your teeth are affected by any of the above concerns, please give us a call for a consult with one of our dentists. | biology |
https://stealthywoman.com/ | 2019-10-15T10:55:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986658566.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015104838-20191015132338-00048.warc.gz | 0.940503 | 204 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__176787697 | en | The first Smart Fem-Tech HealthWear designed for modern living
Join us on our mission to promote long term wellness by creating unique healthwear femtech products designed by and for real women.
Stay tuned to learn about our first healthwear product tackling the global silent epidemic of Vitamin D deficiency, one billion people are diagnosed globally with a higher prevalence in women.
Vitamin D deficiency causes health problems including: infertility; preeclampsia; low birth weights; rickets in children; osteoporosis. The deficiency has also been attributed to cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis and cancers.
Vitamin D is the only vitamin that can be naturally made by the human body via safe adequate sunlight exposure on skin.
Our vision is to prevent vitamin D deficiency, by creating a digital solution that encourages women to gain safe sun exposure, building a wellness community which empowers women to take back control of their natural vitamin D production, thus improving their health and wellbeing, and reducing the effects of Vitamin D related disease. | biology |
https://www.fatburners.co.uk/prime-male-review-is-this-the-ultimate-testosterone-booster/ | 2024-02-27T12:33:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474676.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227121318-20240227151318-00080.warc.gz | 0.921629 | 1,064 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__74596555 | en | At some point in a man’s life, he may start to feel a decline in his energy levels, sex drive, and overall vitality.
This can be due to a decrease in testosterone levels. This hormone plays a crucial role in maintaining masculine health.
Fortunately, there are ways to increase testosterone levels, and one of them is using testosterone boosters such as Prime Male.
In this review, we will delve into the details of Prime Male, a popular testosterone booster in the market.
We will discuss its ingredients, benefits, and potential side effects to help you determine whether Prime Male is the right supplement.
What is Prime Male?
Prime Male is a testosterone booster designed for men who are experiencing the symptoms of low testosterone levels.
It is made by Propura Ltd, a company that specializes in producing natural supplements to improve health and well-being.
Prime Male claims to increase testosterone levels, boost energy, and enhance libido.
It also promotes muscle growth, reduces body fat, and improves cognitive function.
Prime Male contains a blend of natural ingredients known to boost testosterone levels. Let’s take a closer look at each element and its potential benefits.
D-Aspartic Acid: D-Aspartic Acid is an amino acid that helps regulate testosterone synthesis in the body. According to a study, it can increase testosterone levels by up to 42% in just 12 days.
BioPerine: BioPerine is a black pepper extract that enhances the absorption of other ingredients in the supplement. This can increase the effectiveness of Prime Male.
Boron: Boron is a mineral essential for bone health and muscle growth. It can also increase free testosterone levels in the body.
Korean Red Ginseng: Korean Red Ginseng is an adaptogenic herb that can improve energy levels, reduce stress, and enhance cognitive function.
Luteolin: Luteolin is a flavonoid that can reduce estrogen levels. This can increase testosterone levels by preventing the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.
Magnesium: Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for muscle and nerve function. It can also increase free testosterone levels in the body.
Mucuna Pruriens: Mucuna pruriens is a plant containing L-DOPA, a dopamine precursor. It can improve mood, reduce stress, and enhance libido.
Nettle Root: Nettle Root is a plant that can bind to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). This protein binds to testosterone and reduces its availability in the body. By reducing SHBG levels, nettle roots can increase free testosterone levels.
Vitamin B6 – Vitamin B6 is a vitamin that is essential for energy metabolism. It can also increase testosterone levels by stimulating the androgen receptors in the body.
Vitamin D3 – Vitamin D3 is a vitamin that is essential for bone health and immune function. According to a study, it can also increase testosterone levels by up to 25%.
Zinc: Zinc is a mineral that is essential for immune function and protein synthesis. It can also increase testosterone levels by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.
Prime Male claims to offer the following benefits:
- Increase testosterone levels
- Boost energy and stamina
- Enhance libido and sexual performance
- Promote muscle growth and reduce body fat
- Improve cognitive function and mood
- Reduce the risk of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis and heart disease
Potential Side Effects
While Prime Male is made from natural ingredients, it may still cause side effects in some people. Some potential side effects include:
- Upset stomach
It is important to note that these side effects are rare and typically mild.
However, you may experience any severe or persistent side effects.
In that case, it is recommended that you stop taking the supplement and consult a healthcare professional.
How to Take Prime Male
The recommended dosage of Prime Male is four capsules per day, preferably with a meal.
However, it would help if you also cycled the supplement, taking it for four weeks and then taking a two-week break before starting again.
This is to prevent your body from becoming resistant to the supplement.
It is essential to follow the dosage instructions carefully and not exceed the recommended dosage.
Exceeding the recommended dosage may increase the risk of side effects.
Overall, Prime Male is a good testosterone booster with a blend of natural ingredients known to increase testosterone levels.
It offers a range of benefits, including increased energy and stamina, enhanced libido, and improved cognitive function.
While some potential side effects may be associated with the supplement, these are rare and typically mild.
However, as with any supplement, it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional before taking Prime Male, particularly if you have any underlying medical conditions.
Suppose you are looking for a natural and effective way to increase your testosterone levels and improve your overall health and well-being.
In that case, Prime Male may be worth considering. With its potent blend of natural ingredients, it is the boost that you need.
For those looking to boost their testosterone levels, we reviewed a selection of testosterone boosters, including: | biology |
https://www.blacktokyo.com/2009/02/18/syphilis-cases-up-in-japan/ | 2019-07-16T22:36:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195524972.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20190716221441-20190717003111-00006.warc.gz | 0.959395 | 384 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__211849916 | en | There has been a surge in the number of syphilis cases in recent years, according to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, including the number of congenital syphilis sufferers.
The incidence of syphilis dropped after World War II, thanks to advances in antibiotics. However, that trend started to reverse itself from 2003, rising from 509 cases to 600 in 2006, 737 in 2007 and 823 in 2008; nearly 100 additional cases per year. Groups with the highest increases were men aged 35-39, and women aged 20-24. In the latter group, the number of cases tripled between 2003 and 2007. The number of cases of congenital syphilis, in which the disease is passed from mother to unborn child, stood at 10 in 2006, and 7 by the end of July 2008. There have also been cases of the father infecting the mother during pregnancy. Congenital syphilis has a 40 percent mortality rate during pregnancy and the first week, and director of the institute’s Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, Yuki Tada, said: “Pregnant women have to be tested during their checkups, and if diagnosed the disease must be treated properly.” Syphilis is caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum, and usually spread through sexual intercourse. “The cause is probably the trend for more sexual partners. Sales of condoms are down, and the increase in syphilis infection would seem to correlate with this,” said Koji Saida, of the Saida Maternity Clinic in Osaka.
Syphilis, caused by the bacteria treponema pallidum, is transmitted mainly through sexual intercourse and can be treated with antibiotics.
After an incubation period of two to five weeks, a lump may form in the genitalia. Going untreated for 10 to 25 years can lead to brain and heart disease. | biology |
http://web.structplantbio.org/research-interests/ | 2019-05-22T13:29:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256812.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20190522123236-20190522145236-00476.warc.gz | 0.904736 | 2,809 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__1737022 | en | Plant membrane signal transduction
Cells are surrounded by a lipid bilayer, the plasma-membrane. Embedded in this membrane are receptor proteins that serve as the cell’s eyes and ears, helping a cell to communicate with the outside world and with other cells. All receptor proteins have to accomplish three basic tasks in the communication process; the specific recognition of an outside signal , the transport of the signal across the membrane, and the initiation of a response to that signal in the cell’s interior. These steps are collectively known as trans-membrane signaling.
Different cells use different receptor proteins to mediate trans-membrane signaling. The key players in bacteria are sensor histidine kinases (see below). Major membrane signaling receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine or serine/threonine kinases. These receptor families have been systematically studied both in cells and in isolation. Much less is known however about trans-membrane signaling in plants. While plants and animals are both highly evolved multicellular organisms and share many biosynthetic and signaling pathways, membrane signaling in plants is remarkably distinct from the animal world.
Plants do neither contain G-protein coupled receptors nor canonical tyrosine receptor kinases, but instead rely on sensor histidine kinases (which they probably adopted from bacteria) and on a family of plant-unique receptor kinases (they are commonly referred to as receptor-like kinases, but we know now that many family members are indeed both kinases AND receptors).
Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases
Several hundred of these receptor kinases exist in the small genome of the model plant Arabidopsis, and the majority of them shares a common architecture: a N-terminal extracellular ligand binding domain composed of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a single membrane spanning helix, and a cytoplasmic kinase domain. LRR receptor kinases have diverse functions in plants, and for example regulate plant growth, development and the interaction with the environment. Their corresponding ligands range from small molecules to peptides and entire proteins. Forward genetic screens in Arabidopsis have identified cellular functions for a few dozen of these receptors, and receptor-ligand pairs have been described in a handful of cases. However, we do not understand how these receptors bind their ligands, or how they transduce the signal across the membrane to activate their cytoplasmic kinase domains.
The architecture of plant LRR receptor kinases is reminiscent of animal Toll-like innate immunity receptors (TLRs). In TLR signaling, ligands glue the horseshoe-shaped domains of two neighboring receptors together to initiate the cellular response; a process called ligand-induced homodimersation (Figure 1). It was thus reasonable to assume that the extracellular ligand binding domain of plant LRR receptor kinases would also form a TLR-like horseshoe structure that binds its ligand along a dimer interface (Figure 1). Surprisingly, this assumption turned out to be incorrect (see below).
Steroid hormone sensing by the plant receptor kinase BRI1
Steroid hormones are regulators of body shape and size in higher organisms. Animal steroid receptors reside in the nucleus ( nuclear hormone receptors ), but in plants the membrane LRR receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) acts as a direct receptor for brassinosteroids . To understand how BRI1 can recognize its steroid ligand at the plasma membrane, we determined the crystal structure of the entire extracellular ligand binding domain of BRI1 (a 120 kDa glycoprotein) in the pre- and absence of brassinolide, the most potent brassinosteroid in Arabidopsis.
Instead of having the expected horseshoe structure, the leucine-rich repeats in BRI1 form a beautiful superhelix composed of 25 LRRs, completing slightly more than one full turn (Figure 2). The sequence pattern that causes BRI1 to twist into a superhelix is also found in other plant receptor kinases, suggesting that these receptors may also contain twisted or superhelical ligand binding domains.
In contrast to previously described LRR proteins, BRI1 is able to recognize a small hydrophobic ligand. A unique adaptation to this challenge is the insertion of a small folded island domain into the regular repeat structure (Figure 3).
This island domain is largely disordered in the unliganded receptor structure. Steroid binding induces a conformational rearrangement and fixing of the island domain. We speculated back in 2011 (Hothorn et al., Nature, 2011) that the steroid ligand and the now fully ordered island domain together may represent a docking platform for a shape-complementary helper protein that would allow the receptor to become activated. Candidates for such helper proteins were the small somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs), which had been implicated in brassinosteroid signalling (Li et al., Cell, 2002, Nam & Li, Cell, 2002). We thus set out to study, whether SERK proteins are the envisioned shape-complementary helpers required to activate BRI1 signal transduction.
Plant steroid receptor activation by somatic embryogenesis co-receptor kinases
In our lab at the Friedrich-Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, postdoctoral fellow Julia Santiago and lab manager Chrisitine Henzler managed to express the isolated LRR ectodomains of BRI1 and of the putative co-receptor kinase SERK1 in insect cells.
While these domains do not physically interact in the absence of the steroid hormone, they form very tight heterodimers in the presence of even minute amounts of brassinolide, the most potent brassinosteroid in Arabidopsis (Santiago, Henzler and Hothorn, Science, 2013).
A crystal structure of the BRI1-brassinolide-SERK1 complex revealed that the hormone acts as a molecular glue, which promotes association of the LRR domains of receptor and co-receptor (Figure 4)
The hormone binding pocket is formed by residues from both the receptor and from the co-receptor, and thus both proteins are required for high-affinity sensing of the steroid molecule.
Importantly, the steroid-promoted association of the BRI1 and SERK1 LRR domains brings their C-termini (which connect to the trans-membrane helices and to the cytoplasmic kinase domains) in close proximity. We thus assume that steroid binding at the cell surface to BRI1 and SERK1 allows their kinase domains in the cytoplasm to interact. The movie below depicts how the extracellular BRI1 LRR domain (in blue) binds brassinolide (in yellow) using its island domain (in magenta). Brassinolide binding allows BRI1 to interact with the LRR domain of the co-receptor kinase SERK1 (in orange). The green spheres at the end of the animation depict the location of known missense alleles in BRI1 and BAK1, which affect brassinosteroid signaling (movie by Kelvin Lau, generated using the program Chimera).
The kinase domains of receptor and co-receptor can interact and transphosphorylate each other
We have recently begun to dissect the cytoplasmic side of signaling (Bojar et al., Plant J, 2014). Undergraduate researcher Daniel Bojar found that the kinase domain of BRI1 is structurally related to the Pelle/IRAK family of kinases in animals, which rationalizes why BRI1 is a dual specificity kinase. The auto-phosphorylation pattern of BRI1 is very complex (Figure 5) and we could find BRI1 homodimers as well as heterodimers with SERK kinase domains. Our interpretation is that BRI1, SERKs and other plant LRR kinases may form homodimers trough their kinase domains as a basal or resting state, and may heterodimerise with a co-receptor kinase domain for activation (Fig. 6). Importantly, trans-phosphorylation between BRI1 and SERKs has been demonstrated in vivo (Wang et al., Dev Cell, 2008). We mapped one interaction side of BRI1 with SERKs to the C-lobe of the BRI1 kinase domain and thus an asymmetric arrangement in the heterodimer is possible, with one kinase acting as the enzyme and the partner acting as substrate. Interestingly, the BRI1 inhibitor protein BKI1 also binds to the C-lobe of BRI1 and acts by inhibiting formation of the BRI1-SERK kinase heteromer (Jaillais et al., Genes Dev, 2011).
Shedding of floral organs requires the receptor kinase HAESA, the peptide hormone IDA and the co-receptor kinase SERK1
Have you ever wondered how trees in the fall know when to let go? These abscission processes (shedding of old or no longer required organs) are controlled by the plant receptor kinase HAESA and its cognate peptide hormone ligand IDA. Together with our collaborators Melinka Butenko and Mari Wildhagen from the University of Oslo, Norway, postdoctoral fellows Julia Santiago and Benjamin Brandt could demonstrate that HAESA directly senses the IDA peptide, specifically an active 12mer peptide carrying a central hydroxyproline residue (a post-translational modification common to many plant peptide hormones) (Figure 7). However, HAESA by itself cannot bind IDA with high affinity. It requires a co-receptor kinase, which like in the case of BRI1 (see above), completes the ligand binding pocket. The HAESA co-receptor turned out to be SERK1, the receptor kinase which also BRI1 requires for receptor activation (Santiago et al., eLife, 2016). The movie shows the LRR domain of HAESA (in blue) interacting with the active peptide hormone IDA (in yellow). The co-receptor kinase SERK1 (in orange) binds next, specifically interacting with the IDA C-terminus. The zoom in highlights the C-terminal 3 amino-acids in IDA as well as the central hydroxyproline, which anchors the peptide to the receptor. (movie by Kelvin Lau, using the program Chimera).
The receptor activation mechanism described here for the steroid receptor BRI1 and and the peptide hormone receptor HAESA is conserved among many plant receptor kinases. A detailed description of these different receptor systems can be found in our review by Hohmann, Lau & Hothorn, Annual Reviews of Plant Biology, 2017.
Sensor histidine kinase hormone receptors in plants
Plants do not only rely on receptor kinases to mediate transmembrane signaling, but also on sensor histidine kinases . These receptor proteins are normally found in prokaryotic genomes and can be considered the key players in bacterial membrane signal transduction.
Arabidopsis contains several sensor histidine kinase proteins, including a putative osmosensor, a family of hormone receptors that recognize the gaseous plant hormone ethylene , and a set of three cytokinin receptors. Cytokinins are classic phytohormones derived from adenine . Cytokinins control diverse processes in plant growth and development, and are essential to maintain plant stem cell populations. Cytokinin receptors are eukaryotic sensor histidine kinases. These receptors bind the hormone with their extracellular sensor domain and initiate a classical two-component phosphorelay in the cytoplasm. By solving the crystal structure of the plant cytokinin receptor we found, that despite being divergent in sequence, plant and bacterial histidine kinases are very similar (Figure 8) (Hothorn et al., Nature Chem Biol, 2011).
Cytokinin receptors can sense chemcially diverse hormone ligands
Cytokinin receptors can not only respond to a diverse set of naturally occurring adenine-type cytokinins, but also bind synthetic urea-type compounds. These molecules are so diverse in chemical structure that it is hard to imagine how the receptor gets the job done. We thus crystallized the extracellular sensor domain of the Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor AHK4 in complex with many different natural and synthetic cytokinins, and compared them side-by-side. Fig. 8 shows that the receptor contains a binding pocket that can accommodate very different ligands, by simply checking a few critical contacts on one hand, and by providing a simple size-selectivity filter on the other hand. In this way, AHK4 can interact with diverse adenine-type ligands (Figure 9).
Although synthetic urea-type cytokinins look very different from the naturally occurring hormones, we found that they do mimic the critical contacts, basically hijacking the binding site (Figure 10). Synthetic cytokinins are important growth regulators, herbicides and defoliants in agriculture. Thus, on the more practical side, the different AHK4 structures suggest how to design new cytokinins rationally, with potential application in basic research and in the field. | biology |
https://dnpproject.help/nrs-455-pathophysiology/ | 2024-04-18T16:48:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817222.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418160034-20240418190034-00178.warc.gz | 0.891274 | 3,069 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__167057156 | en | Nurses are the cornerstone of patient care, serving as advocates, educators, and comforters at the bedside. But to truly excel in this role, a deep understanding of the human body’s intricate dance between health and disease is essential. This is where NRS-455 Pathophysiology steps in, offering a comprehensive exploration of the underlying mechanisms of disease processes across the lifespan.
Building upon the foundation laid in NRS-455 Pathophysiology, this course delves into the fascinating realm of pathophysiology, equipping nurses with the knowledge to not only recognize the signs and symptoms of illness, but also to understand the “why” behind them. This deeper understanding empowers nurses to become more effective partners in patient care, promoting disease prevention, management, and ultimately, a path towards improved well-being.
Unveiling the Multifaceted Nature of Disease with NRS-455 Pathophysiology
NRS-455 Pathophysiology goes beyond simply memorizing disease names and symptoms. It emphasizes a holistic approach, recognizing the various dimensions that contribute to an individual’s health and illness experience.
- Biological dimension: This core aspect focuses on the cellular and physiological changes that occur within the body during disease. Understanding the interplay between organs, tissues, and cells is crucial for comprehending how diseases manifest and progress.
- Environmental dimension: Our surroundings significantly impact our health. This course explores the role of environmental factors such as pollution, toxins, and lifestyle choices in disease development.
- Social dimension: Social determinants of health, like socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and social support systems, play a critical role in individual and community health outcomes. NRS-455 emphasizes the importance of being mindful of these social influences on disease susceptibility and management.
- Psychological dimension: The mind-body connection is undeniable. This course explores how psychological factors like stress, anxiety, and depression can influence disease processes and vice versa.
- Spiritual dimension: Recognizing the importance of spirituality in individual well-being, NRS-455 acknowledges the potential role of spiritual beliefs and practices in coping with illness and finding meaning in the face of adversity.
Navigating the Landscape of Disease
By examining various disease categories, NRS-455 provides a practical framework for understanding specific disease processes. This includes:
- Cardiovascular diseases: Exploring the mechanisms behind heart attacks, strokes, and other heart-related conditions.
- Respiratory diseases: Understanding the pathophysiology of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory ailments.
- Gastrointestinal diseases: Delving into the causes and consequences of conditions like peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and various digestive disorders.
- Neurological diseases: Demystifying the pathophysiology behind conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and various neurological disorders that affect movement, sensation, and cognition.
- Endocrine diseases: Exploring the role of hormones and the disruption of their balance in various endocrine disorders like diabetes and thyroid dysfunction.
- Oncology: Understanding the mechanisms behind cancer development, progression, and treatment approaches.
Integrating Knowledge for Effective Nursing Practice
NRS-455 Pathophysiology goes beyond theoretical knowledge by emphasizing its practical application in nursing practice. Through case studies and scenario-based learning, students have the opportunity to apply their understanding of pathophysiology to real-world situations. This fosters critical thinking skills, allowing them to analyze patient symptoms, identify potential underlying pathophysiological processes, and make informed decisions about appropriate interventions.
Furthermore, the course integrates nutritional and pharmacological concepts into the understanding of disease processes. Nurses learn how specific nutrients can impact health and disease, and how various medications work to target specific pathophysiological mechanisms. This integrated knowledge equips nurses to provide comprehensive patient care, addressing not only the symptoms but also the underlying causes of illness.
Empowering Nurses to Make a Difference
By delving into the complexities of human pathophysiology, NRS-455 Pathophysiology equips nurses with the knowledge and skills to become more effective partners in patient care. This understanding empowers them to:
Advocate for patients
By comprehending the “why” behind symptoms, nurses can advocate more effectively for their patients, ensuring they receive appropriate diagnostic tests, treatment plans, and educational resources.
Promote health and disease prevention
Recognizing the multidimensional factors that contribute to disease, nurses can play a crucial role in promoting healthy lifestyle choices and preventive measures within the communities they serve.
Provide compassionate and holistic care
Understanding the various dimensions of illness allows nurses to provide care that goes beyond the physical, addressing the emotional, social, and spiritual needs of their patients.
NRS-455, therefore, is not just a course in memorizing the intricate details of human illness. It’s a journey of equipping nurses with the knowledge, critical thinking skills, and empathy needed to make a real difference.
NRS-455 Pathophysiology Questions and Answers
Hey there, future pathophysiology pro! So, you’ve got this NRS-455 Pathophysiology exam on the horizon, and it’s waving at you like a friendly challenge. Don’t break a sweat – we’re here to break down the intricacies into bite-sized pieces. Let’s take a stroll through the basics, exploring the core topics that will have you acing that exam with a smile.
Understanding the Questions
Before we dive into the specifics, let’s chat about the kinds of questions waiting for you. Picture it like a menu with multiple choices – you’ve got the classic multiple-choice questions where you pick the best dish (answer). Then there’s the true/false section, where you decide if a statement is a tasty truth or a little fib. Lastly, there’s the matching game – a friendly pairing of terms and their sidekicks. We’ve got a mix of these to make your prep journey interesting.
Exploring NRS-455 Pathophysiology Module Topics
Now, let’s open the door to the avenues you’ll be venturing into during your exam. Think of it as a friendly exploration, but instead of wild creatures, we’ve got muscle hypertrophy, types of necrosis, tissue types, and active transport systems. Ready to make friends with these topics?
Muscle hypertrophy is like the superhero transformation of our muscles – they flex and bulk up, becoming stronger and more powerful. Think of it as muscles hitting the gym and gaining muscle mass. However, it’s not always a celebration. Sometimes, muscles hypertrophy due to overuse, injury, or underlying health conditions, and that’s when it becomes a concern. Understanding the mechanics of muscle hypertrophy involves exploring how muscle fibers grow in response to stress, like lifting weights. It’s a balancing act between the right kind of stress and recovery.
Imagine your muscles as a team preparing for a big event. If they train well, they become stronger, but if they’re overworked or injured, it’s not a party anymore. So, muscle hypertrophy is a complex dance of stress, recovery, and understanding when too much of a good thing can turn not-so-good.
Types of Necrosis
Cells, like characters in a story, bid farewell in various ways. Necrosis, or cell death, isn’t a single, uniform process. It’s more like a collection of narratives, each with its own plot twist. Picture it as cells expressing their goodbyes in different languages, and these languages tell us a lot about what’s happening in the cellular neighborhood.
In the world of pathophysiology, understanding these types of necrosis is akin to decoding cell emotions. For example, coagulative necrosis involves cells becoming firm and opaque, like a well-cooked egg, while liquefactive necrosis results in cells turning into a liquid goo. Each type of necrosis provides clues about the underlying causes, whether it’s due to lack of blood supply, infections, or toxins. So, exploring necrosis is like reading the cellular diary to understand the drama unfolding within.
Our body is indeed a superhero team, and the tissues are the unsung heroes with unique superpowers. Each tissue has a specific role, contributing to the overall harmony within our body. Whether it’s the sturdy and protective nature of connective tissues or the rapid communication skills of nervous tissues, each tissue plays a vital part.
Understanding tissue types in the context of pathophysiology is like getting to know the characters in a superhero squad. Connective tissues are the bodyguards, epithelial tissues form the protective shield, and muscle tissues are the powerhouse. The MVPs, or most valuable players, in our body are these tissues, working together to maintain balance and functionality.
Active Transport Systems
Now, imagine tiny molecules inside our cells, not following the typical traffic rules but defying them – that’s the magic of active transport. It’s a cellular phenomenon where molecules move against the natural flow, requiring energy to navigate through cell membranes. This process is like molecules taking a special express lane inside cells.
In pathophysiology, unveiling the secrets of active transport involves understanding the molecular vehicles and energy sources powering this unique traffic system. It’s a bit like watching a microscopic action movie within our cells, where molecules actively choose their path. This phenomenon is surprisingly cool because it challenges the conventional view of how things move inside cells, adding an extra layer of complexity to the cellular narrative.
NRS-455 Pathophysiology Essay Topics
NRS-455 Pathophysiology investigates into the fascinating yet complex world of pathophysiology, the study of underlying mechanisms behind diseases. Writing an essay in this course allows you to showcase your understanding and critical thinking skills. Here are some potential essay topics to consider:
- The Impact of the Environment on Disease Processes: Explore how factors like pollution, diet, and lifestyle choices can contribute to various diseases. Discuss specific examples and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved.
- The Interplay Between Different Body Systems in Disease: Analyze how dysfunction in one system can cascade and affect other body systems. Use a specific disease example to illustrate this complex interaction.
- The Role of Age in Disease Susceptibility: Discuss how aging can impact the body’s ability to fight disease and the specific pathophysiological changes associated with age-related illnesses.
- The Ethical Considerations in Utilizing New Pathophysiological Technologies: Explore the emerging technologies used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases from a pathophysiological perspective. Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding such advancements and potential challenges.
Specific Disease Processes
- Understanding the Pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Investigate into the cellular and physiological changes that occur in COPD, exploring the role of inflammation, airflow obstruction, and gas exchange issues. Discuss the impact of these changes on patients and potential therapeutic approaches.
- Dissecting the Pathophysiology of Heart Failure: Analyze the various causes and pathophysiological mechanisms leading to heart failure. Discuss different types of heart failure and how they manifest at the cellular and organ level.
- Exploring the Complexities of Diabetes Mellitus: Unveil the pathophysiology of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, focusing on the role of insulin deficiency and resistance. Discuss the impact of these changes on blood sugar regulation and potential complications.
- Demystifying Cancer: A Journey Through Cellular Abnormalities: Explore the pathophysiology of cancer, highlighting the role of uncontrolled cell growth, mutations, and the evasion of cell death mechanisms. Discuss different types of cancer and their underlying pathophysiological processes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about NRS-455 Pathophysiology
1. What is NRS-455 all about?
NRS-455 is a course designed for nursing students (specifically MSN students based on the context) that delves into the “why” behind different diseases. It goes beyond memorizing symptoms and focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms (pathophysiology) of various illnesses across the lifespan.
2. What kind of diseases will we learn about?
The course explores a wide range of disease categories, including:
- Cardiovascular diseases (heart problems)
- Respiratory diseases (breathing problems)
- Gastrointestinal diseases (digestive issues)
- Neurological diseases (affecting the nervous system)
- Endocrine diseases (hormonal imbalances)
- Oncology (cancer)
This is not an exhaustive list, and the specific diseases covered may vary depending on the program.
3. What makes NRS-455 different from other nursing courses?
NRS-455 takes a holistic approach, meaning it looks beyond the physical aspect of diseases and considers:
- Environmental factors: How surroundings like pollution and lifestyle choices can influence health.
- Social factors: How social determinants like socioeconomic status and access to healthcare impact illness.
- Psychological factors: The connection between emotions like stress and anxiety with disease.
- Spiritual factors: Recognizing the potential role of spirituality in coping with illness.
This comprehensive approach equips you with a deeper understanding of the various aspects that contribute to a person’s health and illness experience.
4. How will learning about pathophysiology help me as a nurse?
Understanding the mechanisms behind diseases allows you to:
- Be a better advocate for your patients: Knowing the “why” behind symptoms helps you ensure they receive the right care and explain things clearly.
- Promote health and disease prevention: You’ll be able to educate patients and communities on how to adopt healthy habits to stay well.
- Provide more compassionate care: By understanding the various aspects of illness, you can offer more holistic care that addresses not just the physical but also the emotional, social, and spiritual needs of your patients.
5. What can I expect from the course format?
The course format may vary depending on the program, but it typically involves:
- Lectures explaining the core concepts of pathophysiology.
- Case studies and scenarios allowing you to apply your knowledge to real-world situations.
- Discussions and group activities to foster critical thinking and collaboration.
- Exams and assignments to assess your understanding of the material.
6. Is this course difficult?
NRS-455 can be challenging, but it’s also very rewarding. The key is to be proactive, stay organized, and utilize available resources like textbooks, online materials, and your professor or teaching assistants for help. | biology |
https://tst.als.net/the-ride/ | 2019-08-26T08:21:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027331228.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20190826064622-20190826090622-00026.warc.gz | 0.925763 | 444 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__205143796 | en | The ALS Therapy Development Institute (ALS TDI) Tri-State Trek
raises funds for ALS research and spreads awareness of the work
ALS TDI is doing to find an effective treatment and cure for a horrific
disease. The Trek began in 2003, when 16 cyclists pedaled from
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event has since grown to a 270-mile course with over 450
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Year after year, riders return and new faces join the fight. We hope
your 2018 summer plans include the Tri-State Trek
and look forward to seeing you in June!
At their own pace, riders cycle a 270-mile marked course with rest stops every 15-20 miles. Starting at Boston College, Chestnut Hill,
participants overnight in college dormitories all weekend, and finish with a victory ride down Greenwich Avenue and
picnic on the banks of the Long Island Sound. We transport all gear and provide all meals, snacks, water, and sports
Paticipants can ride, crew, or volunteer at the three-day, fully supported event.
To view all ride options, click here.
About the ALS Therapy Development Institute
The ALS Therapy Development Institute and our scientists actively discover and develop treatments for ALS. We are
the world's first and largest nonprofit biotech focused 100 percent on ALS research. Led by people with ALS and drug
development experts, we understand the urgent need to slow and stop this disease. Learn more at www.als.net.
Every 90 minutes, someone is diagnosed with ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or Motor Neuron Disease
(MND). It is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that causes muscle weakness, difficulty breathing and
swallowing, and paralysis while leaving the senses intact. ALS attacks certain cells in the brain and spinal cord needed
to keep muscles moving. Most people survive two to five years after their diagnosis, with an estimated 30,000 people
in the US and 450,000 worldwide living with the disease. Currently, there is no effective treatment nor cure. | biology |
https://www.mech.hku.hk/old-academic-staff/lin-y | 2023-10-02T11:33:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510994.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002100910-20231002130910-00260.warc.gz | 0.903234 | 153 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__256755891 | en | +(852) 3917 7955
Dr. Yuan Lin received the BS and MS degrees in Engineering Mechanics from Tsinghua University in 1999 and 2001, respectively. He later obtained a MS degree in Applied Mathematics and a Ph.D. degree in Solid Mechanics in 2008 from Brown University. Dr. Lin’s research interests include cellular and molecular biomechanics, tissue development and morphogenesis, and mechanics of biological materials. His works have been published in places like Science Advances, Nature Communications, PRL and PNAS.
Cellular and molecular biomechanics
Cell adhesion and migration
Mechanics of biological materials | biology |
http://thefriendlyfarmer.blogspot.com/2007/10/friendly-farmers-chicks.html | 2018-07-22T14:40:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676593302.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20180722135607-20180722155607-00401.warc.gz | 0.943743 | 134 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__56804369 | en | The main new enterprise on the farm is 'pasture poultry', basically the concept is raising chickens on a grass and grain diet. This leads to better tasting chicken as 30% of their diet consist of grass. Plus the chickens live to the older age of 10 weeks, which allows the birds to mature and reach a larger size. Finally the birds live outside 24 hours a day in a pen that allows them to make the most of natures natural elements, growing fit, strong and healthy. The pen is moved every morning, and the chickens walk on to fresh grass for the day. In this way they avail of fresh grass sprouts and naturally fertilize the ground. | biology |
http://therapy48631.affiliatblogger.com/14939347/genital-herpes-cure-11-best-natural-home-remedies-for-genital-herpes | 2018-11-19T03:28:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039745015.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20181119023120-20181119045120-00205.warc.gz | 0.943225 | 5,588 | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-47__0__52783917 | en | You can find other organic remedies for herpes treatment that work extremely well. We suggest you use those in conjunction with your olive oil extract to totally ruin this undesirable parasite for good
Natural Herpes Cure Colloidal Silver:
Colloidal silver functions in an identical method to olive oil extract. The positively charged beams in silver flocked into the protein structure surrounding the virus so it can't replicate. In addition, in the event the particles in the colloidal silver are small (less than 6 nanometers), they can permeate the virus and also attach themselves to the genetic material contained inside. This also prevents the herpes virus from being able to replicate even further and essentially"starves" it. Thus by doing this, the viral disease is rapidly contained and quarantined.
The truth is, by mixing colloidal silver using olive leaf extract, oregano oil and BHT (view following two cures), you truly have the most powerful herpes destroyer combo which exists on this planet! In reality, you will be hard pressed to locate a stronger and astonishingly effective treatment for preventing the herpes virus anywhere. We promise it!
Based on Homeopath and colloidal silver pro, Dr Robert Scott Bell, to receive your daily dose of colloidal silver, you must take a supplement that includes silver at a form of at least 10 parts per million (particles at 6 nanometers or less). We know of just 1 colloidal silver manufacturer in the marketplace that not only fits the criteria, but really goes far further to provide the strongest colloidal silver supplement you will ever encounter (contaminants at 0.8 nanometers). It is called Sovereign Silver.
"I found out that colloidal silver kills viruses, bacteria and fungus - I'd rosemary and took a tsp of colloidal silver (autonomous silver) 5 times every day for 3 weeks and it's gone. I discovered that the brand of silver is very important. I have been re-checked and I am negative for herpes. I was amazed to find this disease can be cured."
For dosages, take one teaspoon (5 tsp ) of colloidal silver (grip under tongue for 30 seconds then consume ) 5 times per day for 3 weeks. Next, take 1 teaspoon twice daily for a further 9 months. Also remember to never use a metal teaspoon when measuring out your dosage since the compounds from the spoon react negatively with the silver particles. Use a BPA free plastic spoon or measuring cup instead.
In addition to choosing the colloidal silver , it is possible to also apply colloidal silver topically on almost any lesions for some additional speedy healing and help.
Carvacrol is especially significant and the higher the levels of the compound the better. Like we mentioned, when blended with olive leaf extract, colloidal silver and BHT, eucalyptus oil is unbeatable. However, and this is essential, you need to make certain you purchase the right sort of oregano oil and utilize it correctly (falls under the tongueadded to water and applied to the base of the backbone ). The lavender oil MUST be the"super strength" 100 percent pure Mediterranean petroleum. Nothing else will get the job done! This is among those brands we recommend, however, it's pricey New Age Super Strength Oregano Oil (make sure you follow each crucial thing they list on how best to use the oil).
This brand is much more reasonably priced and really contains some of the highest degrees of carvacol and thymol we have come across thus far (up to 92% carvacrol! ) ) You will still should read through this informative article though on exactly how to use the oil efficiently, both internally and externally, to destroy the virus Steps How to use this Oregano Oil.
Furthermore, please make sure you take the time to read through this ENTIRE article and follow the information"to-the-letter" so that you can get the most from the strong herpes Therapy
Organic Herpes Heal 4 BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene):
Considering that around half of serious (viral) diseases are related to or due to lipid-coated viruses, that this is a powerful finding. When a virus can't infect and invade a cell, it can't rise and replicate and will gradually die.
BHT is also terrific for reducing and completely stopping all of herpes outbreaks.13 If you get started detoxing your system and utilizing powerful substances like the olive leaf extract, colloidal silver and peppermint oil, it is very common for outbreaks to occur - especially at first. The virus has been lying dormant and has been woken up. It's not content! So when it leaves the infected area it may, and usually does, go on a rampage at your expense. The body begins to fight back, that further exacerbates the problem. However, BHT promptly destroys the viral epidemic and creates rapid healing
How to Get the Most From BHT
So BHT supplementation is definitely another crucial link in your"herpes treatment" arsenal. And the good thing about BHT is it's not costly and is easily obtainable. There are a couple of precautions though and a specific means to start taking BHT so that your body is able to adapt to it. Firstly, you MUST unite BHT with the herb St. John's Wort. St. John's Wort comprises a chemical called hypericin, and also the theory (yes, it is only a concept at this point ) is that hypericin has the capacity to maneuver down the ganglia nerve, so when it's coupled with BHT it functions as a carrier to find the BHT into the region where the herpes virus likes to hide (hypericin is also a powerful antidepressant also ).
We recommend the capsules. High Power BHT Capsules. They're easier to take and you also know the specific amount you are taking every time. Once again, remain with this number for 3-4 days before increasing to 750 mg. Following another 3-4 days increase to the highest recommended long term dosage of 1000 mg's per day. Stay on this for 6 weeks prior to falling back to 500 mg's a day for the following 6 weeks. You may then take 250 mg's of BHT every day following this period for so long as you desire.
And needless to say, ensure you always choose the St. John's Wort with the BHT and coconut oil for optimum assimilation and advantage.
Notice: Don't consume alcohol whilst carrying BHT as the BHT will intensify the effects of the alcohol. BHT may also thin the blood (if you haven't taken it previously ), which explains the reason why you should stick to the directions and gradually build up the dose. This blood thinning is not harmful to your health though and usually only occurs for the first 2-3 times while the body is acclimatising to it. Naturally, if you're taking anticoagulant drugs, have liver problems, or blood clotting disorders such as hemophilia, you should check with your healthcare professional first prior to taking BHT, simply to be on the secure side.
The herpes simplex virus absolutely interrupts the amino acid L-Lysine. Vitamin C and C have also been proven to help keep the herpes virus away, together with giving the immune system a substantial boost. Taking these three in supplemental form is essential since you may need high dosages. 1000 mg of a premium quality lysine supplement three times a day is needed to find the virus in check, along with 5000 mg of two-staged time release vitamin C and 5000 milligrams of ascorbic acid daily (yes, that's a total of 10,000 mg's of vitamin C each day!) Colloidal zinc or chelated zinc (50 mg's per day) can also be recommended for optimal outcomes. Once the virus is under control, fall down into a maintenance dose of involving 500-1000 mg's per day of the lysine for 3 weeks prior to dropping it thoroughly. Continue to eat a lot of lysine rich foods such as natural free range eggs and organic fruits and vegetables though, along with carrying a wheat grass or chlorella supplement each day to raise your pH level (which also can help kill the virus) and also to eliminate heavy metals in your system (which the virus likes to link itself to). The calcium and vitamin C needs to be taken in the maximum dosages listed above to your FULL 12 months.
Natural Herpes Heal 6 Elderberry:
Yet another extraordinary home remedy for herpes. Elderberry includes some very powerful antioxidant flavonoids which are proven to increase the immune system very quickly. In addition, it possesses some superb anti viral properties and has been shown in studies to really block the replication of four strains of the herpes simplex virus, including two strains that are immune to the most frequent herpes pharmaceutical medication acyclovir (Zovirax).8 Additionally, elderberry is among the finest natural remedies for colds and flu you're ever going to come encounter. You can readily purchase elderberry online or from any great health food merchant.
Natural Herpes Heal 7 Herbs and Reishi Mushrooms:?
Tribulus Terrestris, Astragalus, Cat's claw, galangal, lapacho and Cissus Quadrangularis are anti-viral in nature and will help tremendously. Reishi mushrooms, ginger, turmeric, black pepper, cinnamon, cilantro (coriander), and the strongest of them all, garlic, are also anti-viral and give the immune system a strong boost. Cayenne pepper, peppermint and chamomile are 3 herbs which have actually been proven to combat the herpes virus so make certain to use them on your cooking as much as possible (along with a great deal of garlic and cilantro).
Bear in mind, to successfully kill the herpes simplex virus that you need to detox your entire body, increase your pH level, and also boost your immune system to the absolute maximum! This is essential. Each of these spices and herbs along with mushrooms help do this so it's vital to utilize them and consume them at high quantities daily. You can read more on some of the best natural ways to enhance your immunity here
It's such a strong anti-viral and disease fighting food which it's still considered the number one cure of choice by many natural healers and alternative healers.
And a recent analysis has finally been able to validate the benefits of natural honey for treating herpes
At the first part of the analysis, researchers treated 8 patients with genital herpes and 8 patients with oral herpes with Acyclovir when a breakout occurred. In the next part of the study, they treated all 16 patients with honey rather than Acyclovir as soon as there was a second breakout and revealed that the healing time was 43% greater for labial sores and 59% improved for genital sores. They found the length and extent of each attack, together with the length of pain and healing time were much shorter with all the honey compared to Acyclovir.
With no side effects!
A second study randomized 90 people with genital herpes also needed them utilize among three treatments during an outbreak a ?propolis ointment? (a different bee/honey product), topical Zovirax, or a placebo ointment. They discovered that the individuals from the propolis group experienced a quicker healing time due to their lesions and were far more likely to have completely healed sores daily 10 of their treatment in comparison with people using Zovirax or even the placebo.6
How to Get the Most From this Honey Remedy
There are two strategies to effectively use honey. Primarily as an external treatment When an outbreak occurs simply smear the honey (using just a tiny coconut oil) over the affected region after urination and depart for as long as you can. The second way is a lot simpler You simply eat it!
Honey is not simply anti-viral, it also contains nitric oxide metabolites. New research indicates that increasing nitric oxide levels in bodily fluids may help retard and even prevent viral replication. This is obviously, welcome information for herpes victims. For the best outcome, 1-2 tablespoons of honey should be eaten every day.
Manuka honey is by far the most superior of all honeys. The pollen comes from the blossoms of this potent medicinal plant known as the Manuka bush, located in Australia and New Zealand. Manuka honey has been proven to kill over 250 bacterial strains and treat the herpes simplex virus. This truly is the only honey you should utilize. It's much more powerful than normal honey, but with this said, if you only have access to organic honey or honey then go ahead and use these. Natural honey is still a better choice than using nothing in any respect. Anything you do though, don't utilize processed honey (commercial honey marketed in supermarkets) as this can really cause your symptoms worse! 7
Apple cider vinegar is also yet another excellent all-natural remedy and cure for HSV1 and HSV2. In addition, it contains some very potent anti-viral and infection-destroying attributes and is really among the greatest detoxifiers and thick metal removers in life! As an extra benefit, ACV helps to increase your own body pH level and enhance your immune system. Used topically, it also helps to ease lesion pain and discomfort quite considerably.
To get the most out of the ACV remedy, combine 2 tbsp of apple cider vinegar containing the"mother" apple along with a teaspoon of Manuka honey in a glass of warm filtered water and beverage down. Try this 3 times a day on an empty stomach (very first thing in the morning when you alert is especially significant ). If you find you can not manage the flavor of the liquid ACV, proceed with the capsules rather.
For external relief and also to heal lesions faster, mix a batch comprised of one cup ACV to a single gallon of water. Soak with a wash cloth then apply as a cold compress. Leave the affected area for about 20 minutes. Repeat this process 2-3 times per day until all lesions are healed and gone.
Natural Herpes Heal 10 Topical Home Remedies That Genital herpes - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic Offer Great (and Quick ) Relief:
Benzoyl peroxide (HP): This will certainly be your initial"visit" remedy whenever you've got an outbreak. Since herpes is really a parasite, and you also need to alkalize the body to destroy the virus, hydrogen peroxide is certainly a worthy (and cheap) addition to your daily treatment protocol. If you have a breakout, then simply toss some 12% hydrogen peroxide using sterile filtered water (3 parts HP into 11 parts water for 3% solution) and apply directly to any lesions using a cotton ball. Do this 2-3 times a day and observe those sores fade faster than you have ever seen before. If you have a cold sore (HSV1), lightly prick the sore with a sterilized needle then use the HP using a cotton ball. Hold for 10 or more minutes. Be conscious that the hydrogen peroxide may also bubble a bit in the start - that is normal. Ensure that you use the 12% level and simmer directed above therefore it doesn't burn.
For internal use, follow exactly the HP protocol summarized on page 74 of this terrific book The One-Minute Heal: The Secret to Recovery Virtually All ailments. As soon as you get to the maintenance dose, then continue to choose this amount for so long as you need (at least until your 12 weeks is up). Along with this, take a capful of 12 percent food grade hydrogen peroxide and also combine with filtered or distilled water at a ratio of 3 parts HP into 11 parts water (becomes 3% solution) and bleach this daily after cleaning your teeth - do not consume the mixture, however, spit out after. Parasites and bacteria breed and live in the mouth. Carrying out the HP gargle daily kills those unwanted insects, and then, enhances the assimilation and effectiveness of the foods and nutritional supplements you are going to be consuming quite appreciably. Hydrogen peroxide also prevents toxins and heavy metals from the body at a fast rate through the aforementioned techniques. Make sure to ONLY use water peroxide (such as these types ) for internal usage and make sure you dilute accordingly. Whatever you do however, do not pass up using this potent cure!
Be aware: 35% food grade hydrogen peroxide (as per the books recommendation) is now becoming more and more tough to acquire. This may be easily overcome, but by simply purchasing the 12 percent alternative and tripling the amount (12x3=36%) or buying the 8 percent option and quadrupling the amount (8x4=32%) to provide you the 35% grade.
DMSO: DMSO works a treat on all types of herpes outbreaks, whether they're genital, cold tender or shingle associated. As soon as you feel that tingling sensation coming on, apply a tiny quantity of DMSO into the affected location. Do this 3 times a day for 3-4 days and either the outbreak won't occur at all, or it'll be quite moderate and short lived. Along with this, use a tiny amount into the bottom of the backbone, and when it is temperature blisters (HSV1) that you have, also apply a small amount to the back of the neck (spine) and a tiny amount to the temples (trigeminal ganglia) where the virus resides after dormant. The wonderful thing about DMSO is even if you have a full blown breakout, then it will still do the job. Purchase the 70% DMSO solution in either liquid, cream or gel form. In case you decide to go with the 99.9% pharmaceutical grade, make sure you water it down to some 70 percent solution before employing so it will not burn.
Besides this, you are able to mix the DMSO cream using the eucalyptus oil (3-4 drops) and coconut oil if applying topically to the bottom of the backbone (see 3 heal ). DMSO helps penetrate the oregano oil deep into the ganglia nerve. Attempt to find the 70 percent DMSO cream with added aloe vera if you can as this helps to prevent your skin drying out. HSV1 sufferers can also employ a small quantity of the oregano oil/DMSO/coconut oil mix to the back of the throat and temples 3 times per week for additional benefit.14
Tea tree oil: Tea tree oil is a virtual"cure all" topical treatment. And it works really nicely on herpes sores. Simply use one drop from the eye dropper that comes with the jar and then rub softly on the contaminated place.
Lemon balm: This herb comprises rosmarinic, caffeic and ferulic acid, and the chemicals that give this herb its potent anti-viral properties. In addition, it works very well in skin lesions caused by the herpes virus. Purchase the lemon vera liquid drops and use 3-4 times every day.
Essential oils: Essential oils such as lavender and peppermint oil may also be utilised as a topical therapy. However, we recommend you try these just in the event you don't receive any advantage from your lemon product or tee tree oil as these are most likely the least capable of the three to most people.
Aloe vera: This wonderful plant can help with almost any ailment or skin condition you could possibly encounter. It's no side effects and won't irritate or inflame skin whatsoever. Use the aloe vera creams or gels to supply some soothing relief to a herpes sores.
Myrrh: Myrrh comprises potent anti-fungal, antibacterial, antibacterial and antiseptic properties and can be a more potent immune booster. The ancient Egyptians are believed to have utilized this plant to cure herpes over 5000 decades ago (yes, herpes was around back then). You can use myrrh essential oil as a topical cure for herpes lesions (also it works a treat with this), but also where it really comes into its own is when it is taken internally. Myrrh extract resin (such as this) doesn't just significantly improve the human body's immune response, it arouses the immune system to attack the virus if it attempts to break out and then go on a rampage at your expense. If you are going to utilize myrrh, be sure to follow the instructions listed on the face of the bottle.
Some meals will definitely impair the healing process while others will help to speed it up. The primary"no " is caffeine and any foods which contain it. Caffeine impairs the recovery process like nothing else. Foods you have to prevent include black, green tea and chocolate. However, we do strongly recommend you drink Matcha green tea every day because of its powerful wellness and therapeutic benefits. In this case, the pros definitely outweigh any cons!
The other foods and ingredients you want to avoid are all refined sugars and processed foods (such as processed milk ), along with GMO's and hybrid foods.15 These man-altered catastrophe foods do nothing for your entire body and so are laced with additives and toxic chemicals that inhibit the effectiveness of the remedies we've only discussed. Tap water also needs to be avoided because of it's high heavy metal and pesticide material (and tap water can contain parasites and other unwanted pathogens) so be certain to simply drink sterile filtered waterand needless to say, no alcohol! You will most likely feel lethargic and tired against the virus so why would you eat foods and drink fluids which are only going to make you tired and lethargic anyhow? Nuts (not seeds) are also on the list of foods to avoid because they seem to exacerbate the virus due to their elevated levels of arginine.
The foods you need to be ingesting more of would be the fundamentals organic fruits (especially avocados and soybeans ), herbs (especially cilantro), vegetables, legumes (soft boiled), fish (wild salmon, mackerel and lettuce ), and omega 3 fatty acid seeds such as flax seeds, hemp and chia seeds. Furthermore, coconuts contain some quite powerful anti-viral and disease fighting properties (specifically, an viral destroying substance called monolaurin), along with essential fatty acids, so ensure you consume lots of coconut oil, coconut oil, and also take a top quality monolaurin supplement daily.
Green foods such as wheat grass and also the blue-green algae chlorella and spirulina chelate (remove toxins and heavy metals) in the body and so are high in organic iron (your immune system is based on iron to fight the virus) so try and include one or both of them to a morning smoothie each and every day, together with Atlantic dulse seaweed (some other very powerful thick metal remover) and the anti inflammatory fruits, pomegranate and maqui berries (you can buy them in powdered form). Furthermore, have a fantastic quality probiotic nutritional supplement and consume lots of cultured foods like sauerkraut, kimchi and organic yogurt also for a healthy intestine and healthier digestion (this website has lots of useful recipes you may use).
Finally, be sure that you eat plenty of organic onions and garlic! Yes, this might appear a bit"out there" but lots of herpes sufferers are having excellent results from drinking their own home-made onion and garlic broth. This makes sense like garlic and onions contain a number of the most powerful anti-viral and immune boosting compounds yet discovered. Along with also a 1992 study from Brigham Young University actually discovered that garlic managed to kill 90% of the herpes simplex virus within 30 minutes of applying it to a laboratory dish! So there you move?
For more information on the onion and garlic remedy and how to make the broth, you can click this website Onion Family (Onions, Garlic, Celery, Thyme) for Treating Herpes Only be aware that garlic and onions really do narrow the blood vessels, so if you happen to be on any blood thinning medications, you'll have to leave this one out.
So that the bottom line with all this is"clean eating" is the secret. Heavy metals, synthetic additives and toxic chemicals (pesticides, etc) will kill the benefits of this protocol over anything else!! So be sure you go organic and go raw. Obtain a Nutribullet or something similar and use this to juice and pulp your meals. Cooking foods destroys valuable nutrients and live enzymes so attempt to prevent this practice. Eating organic, raw foods is certainly among the secrets to the success of this protocol.
Organic Herpes Heal 12 You Have To Stay Calm:
You will have no doubt decided that the times you're worried and up-tight will be the times when you receive an epidemic. The same is true for eczema and psoriasis sufferers. The reason for this is stress lowers the immune system (crucify's it really). A reduced immune system means your body can't fight infection, illness or any parasitic virus. Hence the result is a breakdown within the body or a real worsening of any health issue. Fortunately, olive oil extract, olive oil, colloidal silver, vitamin C, zinc as well as the herbs mentioned previously, together with appropriate eating, will all help keep your immune system at tiptop state. But make it work more challenging than it must? You have to learn to keep tension and anxiety to a minimum. Doing a few yoga, tai-chi or meditation daily will definitely help. Exercise is also a great"de-stressor". We suggest that you click on our"natural cures for anxiety" link for more advice about how best to keep your stress levels in check.
A Final Note On Using Natural Remedies and Home Remedies to Eliminate the Herpes Simplex Virus
We believe you've got everything here to cure and eliminate the herpes simplex virus for good and return to living a normal life. Contrary to what you might be thinking at the moment, the herpes virus is hardly something you were cursed together and you will have to take to a grave. Don't believe the healthcare professions"expert opinions" about herpes, even when they inform you there is no cure. We're sick of reading this rubbish (though we do agree that using their injectable treatments there is no cure, but using natural remedies for herpes there surely is!)
So use every one the recommendations suggested here (besides the topical remedies, which are optional) and resource make sure you stay with them to-the-letter FOR A PERIOD OF 12 MONTHS (yes you may need this period of time). In the event you do, we guarantee you will be pleasantly surprized from the outcomes and down the trail you'll even wonder why you were so concerned about contracting the herpes simplex virus in the first location! | biology |
https://www.dribrahimhelmymd.com/contents/patient-info/faqs/atrial-fibrillation2 | 2023-09-24T06:38:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506623.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924055210-20230924085210-00748.warc.gz | 0.92942 | 223 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__221848821 | en | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm condition. This type of heartbeat is characterized by an extremely rapid rhythm, which can reduce the heart’s efficiency to pump blood out to the body. As a result, blood clots can form in the heart chambers, potentially reaching the brain and causing a stroke or heart failure.
AF is typically due to an existing heart condition. Other causes of atrial fibrillation include high blood pressure, heart attack and coronary artery disease. Dizziness, feeling out of breath, tiredness, a feeling that the heart is racing or fluttering, uneven heart beating and chest pain are all common symptoms. Atrial fibrillation is common in older adults and may not present obvious symptoms. Seeing a doctor at the first onset of AF symptoms is important to avoid serious complications. Goals of treatment include restoring rhythm as close to normal as possible and preventing the formation of blood clots. Stop by one of our Los Angeles area offices or schedule an appointment today to learn how Dr. Helmy can help treat or diagnose your arrhythmia. | biology |
http://52swine.com/news_show/0D913D2488C04C3B | 2019-11-22T02:37:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496671106.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20191122014756-20191122042756-00462.warc.gz | 0.678779 | 606 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__160619513 | en | The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) said it is taking additional steps to keep African swine fever (ASF) from entering the U.S.
Although ASF does not affect humans, it is highly contagious and deadly among pigs, cannot be cured and has no vaccine. ASF has been spreading throughout pig farms and wild boar in China and parts of Europe since last summer, and has resulted in the death or culling of hundreds of thousands of pigs. It recently was detected for the first time in Vietnam.
The USDA is taking the following steps to intensify the prevention of ASF’s entry into the United States:
· Work with Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) to train and add 60 additional beagle teams for a total of 179 teams working at key U.S. commercial, sea and air ports
· Coordinate with CBP on the further expansion of arrival screenings at key U.S. commercial sea and air ports – including checking cargo for illegal pork/pork products and ensuring travelers who pose an ASF risk receive secondary agricultural inspection
· Increase inspections and enforcement of garbage feeding facilities to ensure fed garbage is cooked properly to prevent potential disease spread
· Heighten producer awareness and encourage self-evaluations of on-farm biosecurity procedures
· Work to develop accurate and reliable testing procedures to screen for the virus in grains, feeds and additives, and swine oral fluid samples
· Work closely with officials in Canada and Mexico on a North American coordinated approach to ASF defense, response and trade maintenance
· Continue high-level coordination with the U.S. pork industry leadership to assure unified efforts to combat ASF introduction
“We understand the grave concerns about the ASF situation overseas,” said USDA Undersecretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs Greg Ibach. “We are committed to working with the swine industry, our producers, other government agencies, and neighboring countries to take these additional steps.”
New research out of Kansas State University has confirmed that animal feed contaminated with ASF virus can sicken swine, prompting scientists and industry leaders to call for caution among feed producers and importers.
According to a press release from the National Pork Board, “one new practice designed to reduce disease transmission risk involves knowing exactly how long certain feed ingredients have been securely stored before allowing their use on pig farms.”
It is possible for swine disease viruses to survive in shipments of certain feed ingredients during shipping to U.S. ports and even to inland points of feed manufacture.
“A holding time of 78 days after the date of manufacture and bagging or sealing to prevent additional contamination (“born on date”) for amino acids, minerals or vitamins will degrade 99.99 percent of viral contamination. The holding time extends to 286 days for soybean meal to allow for similar viral degradation, once shipped to prevent additional contamination,” the press release said. | biology |
http://www.thewalkersabroad.com/http/wwwthewalkersabroadcom/tag/Alabama | 2019-10-20T11:58:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986707990.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20191020105426-20191020132926-00210.warc.gz | 0.976053 | 434 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__25683322 | en | On our drive back from Alabama, we decided to avoid the aggravation that is called Atlanta and instead drive through Tennessee. We both prefer the scenery and calmer traffic and while the radio choices left much to be desired, it gave us the opportunity to stop in Chattanooga and visit the aquarium there. The husband and I love visiting aquariums and the reviews were quite positive so we decided to give it a shot.
It was spectacular.
We saw not only vast numbers of saltwater fish, but there was an separate entire building dedicated to freshwater fish. This exhibit touched on freshwater sources in Tennessee to lakes in Africa to the streams of China. Each plaque had details on the fish and creatures living in the exhibit and gave information on the environment from which they originated. We saw hundreds of fish, turtles, and frogs of course, but I also saw some of the weirdest sea creatures I’ve ever seen.
The very top of the freshwater fish building housed snakes (in cages!) and four, playful otters all in an open, airy room with plenty of natural light, trees, and a waterfall that ran into a massive fish tank full of Tennessee, freshwater fish. The freshwater fish building was very well designed and allowed hundreds of people in the building and spread them out so people didn’t cluster in front of one particular fish tanks. The traffic was constantly moving, which gave everyone the chance to see every exhibit.
The saltwater building contained a massive tank for sharks, rays, sea turtles, schools of fish, and a whole exhibit dedicated to jellyfish and similar creatures. There was a large room for butterflies, filled with brightly colored flowers and warm, humid air. There was a dive show, which caused my palms to sweat because of the close proximity of the divers and the sharks in the large fish tank.
This was a beautiful aquarium, and easily one of the best ones I’ve ever been to. Highly recommend it!
*The aquarium knows nothing about me and I was not compensated for this post. All opinions and pictures are my own. I just liked this aquarium and needed to share the fun!* | biology |
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