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https://openalex.org/W3126584664 | Uncovering progress of health information management practices: evidence from Kuwait’s public health care system | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3126584664 | Background: The burden of chronic non-communicable diseases is a challenge for many countries that provide universal health coverage and is necessitating healthcare reform. Health information technology (IT) solutions can aid healthcare reform efforts. However, without proper information management, these efforts are futile. In this study, we examine Kuwait as a case of a high per-capita GDP country that faces information management challenges to draw insights that can be generalised to other developed countries. Objectives: This study aims to: (i) uncover the status quo of information management practices in public organisations providing secondary and tertiary care through comparing their progress in compliance with the information management standards across the years; and (ii) offer recommendations to improve information management practices. Method: This study analyses qualitative and quantitative accreditation-related data pertaining to compliance with the information management standard at all secondary and tertiary care public hospitals over two accreditation cycles. Results: Overall, public hospitals are making positive progress in their compliance with the information management standard. However, issues exist with (i) effectively and efficiently transmitting data; (ii) developing and implementing an information management plan; (iii) involving the appropriate stakeholders in selecting health IT solutions; and (iv) access to the Internet by staff and patients. Conclusion: The evidence underscores the benefits of complying with predetermined criteria and illustrates the overall improvements in information management practices. Without proper management of information at healthcare facilities, achieving safe and effective patient care is futile. The absence or lack of appropriate management of information can jeopardise patient safety through wrong prescriptions for example. The role of health IT in supporting good quality care and healthcare reform efforts cannot be ignored or sidelined any more in modern healthcare delivery. Implications: With the rapid adoption of digital health systems, the role of health information management leaders should not be undervalued. Embracing health IT solutions with strong information management practices can aid healthcare reform efforts. | []
|
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https://openalex.org/W4255379426 | Preface | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4255379426 | Cancer prevalence is increasing in the Middle East, partly because of increased life expectancy and adoption of western lifestyle habits. Suboptimum delivery of health care also contributes to late diagnosis and poor survival of people with cancer. Public awareness of cancer risk is frequently low and misconceptions high, thereby preventing patients from seeking treatment early and constituting a substantial barrier to improvement of cancer outcomes. Screening programmes might have low uptake in Arab populations because of social and health beliefs about cancer. This review outlines the opportunities available to Middle Eastern countries and their emerging economies to learn from global experiences in cancer care, service provision, and research partnerships. The Middle East has begun to develop several health-care transformation programmes. Qatar, in particular, has published a National Health Strategy, in which cancer is one of the main commitments; this Strategy provides the focus of this review. The development of effective health-care strategies and evidence-based medicine directly linked to innovative cancer research is needed to improve cancer care. Although the full extent of the proposed solutions are not necessarily implementable in all Middle Eastern countries, wealthy states can lead derivation of population-specific approaches that could have effects throughout the region. Key challenges are outlined—namely, human capacity and training, subspecialisation of services, building on international cancer research initiatives, and the need for earlier diagnosis and awareness in the population. Countries in the Gulf Region (ie, countries bordering the Persian Gulf, including Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, and Oman) need to address these challenges to be at the forefront of integrated cancer care and research and ensure that the latest innovations and best possible care are delivered to their populations. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4389109463 | Cost of in-patient management of COVID-19 patients in a general hospital in Kuwait | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389109463 | Among the GCC countries affected by COVID-19 infections, Kuwait has been significantly impacted, with 658,520 cases and 2,563 deaths reported by the WHO on September 30, 2022. However, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on Kuwait's economy, especially in the healthcare sector, remains unknown.This study aims to determine the total cost of managing COVID-19 in-patients in Kuwait.A cross-sectional design was employed for this study. A total of 485 COVID-19 patients admitted to a general hospital responsible for COVID-19 cases management were randomly selected for this study from May 1st to September 31st, 2021. Data on sociodemographic information, length of stay (LOS), discharge status, and comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. The data on costs in this study cover administration, utility, pharmacy, radiology, laboratory, nursing, and ICU costs. The unit cost per admission was calculated using a step-down costing method with three levels of cost centers. The unit cost was then multiplied by the individual patient's length of stay to determine the cost of care per patient per admission.The mean cost of COVID-19 in-patient care per admission was KD 2,216 (SD = 2,018), which is equivalent to USD 7,344 (SD = 6,688), with an average length of stay of 9.4 (SD = 8.5) days per admission. The total treatment costs for COVID-19 in-patients (n = 485) were estimated to be KD 1,074,644 (USD 3,561,585), with physician and nursing care costs constituting the largest share at 42.1%, amounting to KD 452,154 (USD 1,498,529). The second and third-largest costs were intensive care (20.6%) at KD 221,439 (USD 733,893) and laboratory costs (10.2%) at KD 109,264 (USD 362,123). The average cost for severe COVID-19 patients was KD 4,626 (USD 15,332), which is almost three times higher than non-severe patients of KD 1,544 (USD 5,117).Managing COVID-19 cases comes with substantial costs. This cost information can assist hospital managers and policymakers in designing more efficient interventions, especially for managing high-risk groups. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3161276259 | Comparing Public and Provider Preferences for Setting Healthcare Priorities: Evidence from Kuwait | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3161276259 | As attempts are made to allocate health resources more efficiently, understanding the acceptability of these changes is essential. This study aims to compare the priorities of the public with those of health service providers in Kuwait. It also aims to compare the perceptions of both groups regarding key health policies in the country. Members of the general public and a sample of health service providers, including physicians, dentists, nurses, and technicians, were randomly selected to complete a structured, self-administered questionnaire. They were asked to rank health services by their perceived importance, rank preferred sources of additional health funding, and share their perceptions of the current allocation of health resources, including current healthcare spending choices and the adequacy of total resources allocated to healthcare. They were also asked for their perception of the current local policies on sending patients abroad for certain types of treatments and the policy of providing private health insurance for retirees. The response rate was above 75% for both groups. A higher tax on cigarettes was preferred by 73% of service providers as a source of additional funding for healthcare services, while 59% of the general public group chose the same option. When asked about the sufficiency of public sector health funding, 26.5% of the general public thought that resources were sufficient to meet all healthcare needs, compared with 40% of service providers. The belief that the public should be offered more opportunities to influence health resource allocation was held by 56% of the general public and 75% of service providers. More than half of the respondents from both groups believed that the policy on sending patients abroad was expensive, misused, and politically driven. Almost 64% of the general public stated that the provision of private health insurance for retirees was a ‘good’ policy, while only 34% of service providers agreed with this statement. This study showed similarities and differences between the general public and health service providers’ preferences. Both groups showed a preference for treating the young rather than the old. The general public preferred more expensive health services that had immediate effects rather than health promotion activities with delayed benefits and health services for the elderly. These findings suggest that the general public may not accept common allocative efficiency improvements in public health spending unless the challenges in this sector and the gains from reallocation are clearly communicated. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4200346701 | Table_5.DOC | []
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200346701 | High intakes of trans fatty acids (TFA), particularly industrially-produced TFA, are implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, which represent the leading cause of mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This systematic review aims to document existing national TFA reduction strategies in the EMR, providing an overview of initiatives that are implemented by countries of the region , and tracking progress towards the elimination of industrially-produced TFA. A systematic review of published and grey literature was conducted using a predefined search strategy. A total of 136 peer-reviewed articles, grey literature documents, websites and references from country contacts were obtained, up until 2 August 2021. Randomized-control trials, case-control studies, and studies targeting unhealthy population groups were excluded. Only articles published after 1995, in English, Arabic or French, were included. Key characteristics of strategies were extracted and classified according to a pre-developed framework, which includes TFA intake assessment; determination of TFA levels in foods; strategic approach; implementation strategies (TFA bans/limits; consumer education, labelling, interventions in public institution settings, taxation), as well as monitoring and evaluation of program impact. Thirteen out of the 22 countries of the EMR (59%) have estimated TFA intake levels, 9 have determined TFA levels in foods (41%), and 14 (63.6%) have national TFA reduction initiatives. These initiatives were mainly led by governments, or by national multi-sectoral committees. The most common TFA reduction initiatives were based on TFA limits or bans (14/14 countries), with a mandatory approach being adopted by 8 countries (Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, KSA, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman and Palestine). Complementary approaches were implemented in several countries, including consumer education (10/14), food labelling (9/14) and interventions in specific settings (7/14),. . Monitoring activities were conducted by few countries (5/14), and impact evaluations were identified in only Iran and the UAE. The robustness of the studies, in terms of methodology and quality of assessment, as well as the lack of sufficient data in the EMR, remain a limitation that needs to be highlighted. Further action is needed to initiate TFA reduction programs in countries that are lagging behind, and to ensure rigorous implementation and evaluation of ongoing programs. | []
|
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https://openalex.org/W3193270077 | Comparing Public and Provider Preferences for Setting Healthcare Priorities: Evidence From Kuwait | [
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{
"country": "United Kingdom",
"display_name": "University College London",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I45129253",
"lat": 51.50853,
"long": -0.12574,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Hassan Haghparast‐Bidgoli",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044696783"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "United Kingdom",
"display_name": "University College London",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I45129253",
"lat": 51.50853,
"long": -0.12574,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Jolene Skordis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064940817"
}
]
| [
{
"display_name": "Health care",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C160735492"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Public healthcare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2986711855"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
},
{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
}
]
| [
"Kuwait"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3193270077 | As attempts are made to allocate health resources more efficiently, understanding the acceptability of these changes is essential. This study aims to compare the priorities of the public with those of health service providers in Kuwait. It also aims to compare the perceptions of both groups regarding key health policies in the country. Members of the general public and a sample of health service providers, including physicians, dentists, nurses, and technicians, were randomly selected to complete a structured, self-administered questionnaire. They were asked to rank health services by their perceived importance, rank preferred sources of additional health funding, and share their perceptions of the current allocation of health resources, including current healthcare spending choices and the adequacy of total resources allocated to healthcare. They were also asked for their perception of the current local policies on sending patients abroad for certain types of treatments and the policy of providing private health insurance for retirees. The response rate was above 75% for both groups. A higher tax on cigarettes was preferred by 73% of service providers as a source of additional funding for healthcare services, while 59% of the general public group chose the same option. When asked about the sufficiency of public sector health funding, 26.5% of the general public thought that resources were sufficient to meet all healthcare needs, compared with 40% of service providers. The belief that the public should be offered more opportunities to influence health resource allocation was held by 56% of the general public and 75% of service providers. More than half of the respondents from both groups believed that the policy on sending patients abroad was expensive, misused, and politically driven. Almost 64% of the general public stated that the provision of private health insurance for retirees was a ‘good’ policy, while only 34% of service providers agreed with this statement. This study showed similarities and differences between the general public and health service providers’ preferences. Both groups showed a preference for treating the young rather than the old. The general public preferred more expensive health services that had immediate effects rather than health promotion activities with delayed benefits and health services for the elderly. These findings suggest that the general public may not accept common allocative efficiency improvements in public health spending unless the challenges in this sector and the gains from reallocation are clearly communicated. | [
{
"display_name": "Social Science Research Network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
"type": "repository"
},
{
"display_name": "UCL Discovery (University College London)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400024",
"type": "repository"
}
]
|
|
https://openalex.org/W4298374584 | Smallpox: post-eradication vigilance continues. | []
| [
{
"display_name": "Monkeypox",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778011067"
},
{
"display_name": "Smallpox",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778417375"
},
{
"display_name": "Orthopoxvirus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779094796"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Smallpox vaccine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779272165"
},
{
"display_name": "Vaccination",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22070199"
},
{
"display_name": "Variola virus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909788366"
},
{
"display_name": "Virology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159047783"
},
{
"display_name": "Measles",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776438120"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
},
{
"display_name": "Chickenpox",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776334287"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Vaccinia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781356689"
},
{
"display_name": "Virus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522874641"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
},
{
"display_name": "Biochemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867"
},
{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684"
},
{
"display_name": "Recombinant DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40767141"
}
]
| [
"Kuwait",
"Egypt"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4298374584 | This article summarizes the major findings and recommendations of the Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections, established by the World Health Assembly to advise on posteradication policy. Although smallpox has been eradicated, there remains a need for the monitoring of vaccination practices, investigation of rumored smallpox cases, verification of virus and vaccine storage conditions, and surveillance of the other orthopoxviruses, including monkeypox. Routine vaccination for smallpox has been officially discontinued in 150 of the 158 Member States and Associate Members of the World Health Organization (WHO); Egypt and Kuwait continue to immunize, while the present status of vaccination remains unknown in 6 other countries. WHO is taking further steps to encourage all countries to cease this practice and is contracting laboratories that continue to produce smallpox vaccine to request that they cease commercial vaccine distribution. Since 1979, 124 rumors of smallpox cases from 55 countries have been investigated, most of which were misdiagnosed cases of chickenpox, measles, and other skin diseases; none has been smallpox. At present, variola virus is being stored in 4 laboratories, 3 of which are WHO collaborating centers. WHO will continue to inspect these laboratories to ensure that requirements for containment are being met. Programs for the surveillance of human monkeypox in west and central Africa are being initiated, although present data indicate that this disease is not of public health importance. The total number of known cases of human monkeypox since 1970 stands at 63. Important studies for the postsmallpox surveillance program include the development of simple and reliable screening tests for orthopoxvirus antibody and of reliable tests for antibody specific to monkeypoxvirus. Plans are underway to publish a book dealing with all aspects of the smallpox eradication campaign. | [
{
"display_name": "PubMed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"type": "repository"
}
]
|
|
https://openalex.org/W4200579321 | Table_2.DOCX | []
| [
{
"display_name": "Grey literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C61904560"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychological intervention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27415008"
},
{
"display_name": "Control (management)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775924081"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302"
},
{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
]
| [
"Kuwait",
"Palestine",
"Bahrain",
"Iran",
"Jordan",
"Morocco",
"Oman"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200579321 | High intakes of trans fatty acids (TFA), particularly industrially-produced TFA, are implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, which represent the leading cause of mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This systematic review aims to document existing national TFA reduction strategies in the EMR, providing an overview of initiatives that are implemented by countries of the region , and tracking progress towards the elimination of industrially-produced TFA. A systematic review of published and grey literature was conducted using a predefined search strategy. A total of 136 peer-reviewed articles, grey literature documents, websites and references from country contacts were obtained, up until 2 August 2021. Randomized-control trials, case-control studies, and studies targeting unhealthy population groups were excluded. Only articles published after 1995, in English, Arabic or French, were included. Key characteristics of strategies were extracted and classified according to a pre-developed framework, which includes TFA intake assessment; determination of TFA levels in foods; strategic approach; implementation strategies (TFA bans/limits; consumer education, labelling, interventions in public institution settings, taxation), as well as monitoring and evaluation of program impact. Thirteen out of the 22 countries of the EMR (59%) have estimated TFA intake levels, 9 have determined TFA levels in foods (41%), and 14 (63.6%) have national TFA reduction initiatives. These initiatives were mainly led by governments, or by national multi-sectoral committees. The most common TFA reduction initiatives were based on TFA limits or bans (14/14 countries), with a mandatory approach being adopted by 8 countries (Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, KSA, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman and Palestine). Complementary approaches were implemented in several countries, including consumer education (10/14), food labelling (9/14) and interventions in specific settings (7/14),. . Monitoring activities were conducted by few countries (5/14), and impact evaluations were identified in only Iran and the UAE. The robustness of the studies, in terms of methodology and quality of assessment, as well as the lack of sufficient data in the EMR, remain a limitation that needs to be highlighted. Further action is needed to initiate TFA reduction programs in countries that are lagging behind, and to ensure rigorous implementation and evaluation of ongoing programs. | []
|
|
https://openalex.org/W4200405411 | Table_4.DOCX | []
| [
{
"display_name": "Grey literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C61904560"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychological intervention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27415008"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Control (management)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775924081"
},
{
"display_name": "Systematic review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073"
},
{
"display_name": "Pathology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
]
| [
"Kuwait",
"Palestine",
"Bahrain",
"Iran",
"Jordan",
"Morocco",
"Oman"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200405411 | High intakes of trans fatty acids (TFA), particularly industrially-produced TFA, are implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, which represent the leading cause of mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This systematic review aims to document existing national TFA reduction strategies in the EMR, providing an overview of initiatives that are implemented by countries of the region , and tracking progress towards the elimination of industrially-produced TFA. A systematic review of published and grey literature was conducted using a predefined search strategy. A total of 136 peer-reviewed articles, grey literature documents, websites and references from country contacts were obtained, up until 2 August 2021. Randomized-control trials, case-control studies, and studies targeting unhealthy population groups were excluded. Only articles published after 1995, in English, Arabic or French, were included. Key characteristics of strategies were extracted and classified according to a pre-developed framework, which includes TFA intake assessment; determination of TFA levels in foods; strategic approach; implementation strategies (TFA bans/limits; consumer education, labelling, interventions in public institution settings, taxation), as well as monitoring and evaluation of program impact. Thirteen out of the 22 countries of the EMR (59%) have estimated TFA intake levels, 9 have determined TFA levels in foods (41%), and 14 (63.6%) have national TFA reduction initiatives. These initiatives were mainly led by governments, or by national multi-sectoral committees. The most common TFA reduction initiatives were based on TFA limits or bans (14/14 countries), with a mandatory approach being adopted by 8 countries (Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, KSA, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman and Palestine). Complementary approaches were implemented in several countries, including consumer education (10/14), food labelling (9/14) and interventions in specific settings (7/14),. . Monitoring activities were conducted by few countries (5/14), and impact evaluations were identified in only Iran and the UAE. The robustness of the studies, in terms of methodology and quality of assessment, as well as the lack of sufficient data in the EMR, remain a limitation that needs to be highlighted. Further action is needed to initiate TFA reduction programs in countries that are lagging behind, and to ensure rigorous implementation and evaluation of ongoing programs. | []
|
|
https://openalex.org/W4200538160 | Table_1.DOCX | []
| [
{
"display_name": "Grey literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C61904560"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychological intervention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27415008"
},
{
"display_name": "Control (management)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775924081"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Systematic review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073"
},
{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
]
| [
"Kuwait",
"Palestine",
"Bahrain",
"Iran",
"Jordan",
"Morocco",
"Oman"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200538160 | High intakes of trans fatty acids (TFA), particularly industrially-produced TFA, are implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, which represent the leading cause of mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This systematic review aims to document existing national TFA reduction strategies in the EMR, providing an overview of initiatives that are implemented by countries of the region , and tracking progress towards the elimination of industrially-produced TFA. A systematic review of published and grey literature was conducted using a predefined search strategy. A total of 136 peer-reviewed articles, grey literature documents, websites and references from country contacts were obtained, up until 2 August 2021. Randomized-control trials, case-control studies, and studies targeting unhealthy population groups were excluded. Only articles published after 1995, in English, Arabic or French, were included. Key characteristics of strategies were extracted and classified according to a pre-developed framework, which includes TFA intake assessment; determination of TFA levels in foods; strategic approach; implementation strategies (TFA bans/limits; consumer education, labelling, interventions in public institution settings, taxation), as well as monitoring and evaluation of program impact. Thirteen out of the 22 countries of the EMR (59%) have estimated TFA intake levels, 9 have determined TFA levels in foods (41%), and 14 (63.6%) have national TFA reduction initiatives. These initiatives were mainly led by governments, or by national multi-sectoral committees. The most common TFA reduction initiatives were based on TFA limits or bans (14/14 countries), with a mandatory approach being adopted by 8 countries (Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, KSA, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman and Palestine). Complementary approaches were implemented in several countries, including consumer education (10/14), food labelling (9/14) and interventions in specific settings (7/14),. . Monitoring activities were conducted by few countries (5/14), and impact evaluations were identified in only Iran and the UAE. The robustness of the studies, in terms of methodology and quality of assessment, as well as the lack of sufficient data in the EMR, remain a limitation that needs to be highlighted. Further action is needed to initiate TFA reduction programs in countries that are lagging behind, and to ensure rigorous implementation and evaluation of ongoing programs. | []
|
|
https://openalex.org/W4220804281 | To Study the Osteoporosis in Pre and Post Menopausal Women | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "India",
"display_name": "Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210089305",
"lat": 18.624174,
"long": 73.82125,
"type": "healthcare"
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],
"display_name": "Vishal Supada Patil",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061185863"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "India",
"display_name": "Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210089305",
"lat": 18.624174,
"long": 73.82125,
"type": "healthcare"
}
],
"display_name": "Yogesh Shivmurti Khandalkar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087890502"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "India",
"display_name": "Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210089305",
"lat": 18.624174,
"long": 73.82125,
"type": "healthcare"
}
],
"display_name": "Harsh Arunkumar Raithatha",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042449964"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "India",
"display_name": "Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210089305",
"lat": 18.624174,
"long": 73.82125,
"type": "healthcare"
}
],
"display_name": "Ketan Ajay Kulkarni",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032470323"
}
]
| [
{
"display_name": "Osteoporosis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776541429"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Osteopenia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777083390"
},
{
"display_name": "Menopause",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778562196"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
},
{
"display_name": "Risk factor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50440223"
},
{
"display_name": "Gerontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74909509"
},
{
"display_name": "Pediatrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187212893"
},
{
"display_name": "Gynecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29456083"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Bone mineral",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776886416"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
},
{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
}
]
| [
"Kuwait",
"Saudi Arabia"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4220804281 | Background: In India and surrounding Asian countries, osteoporosis is becoming a public health issue. The study was aimed to assess the risk factors for osteoporosis in preterm and postmenopausal women because the risk factors for natural osteoporosis in women in these nations are similar. Osteoporosis is a major public health concern around the world. In the United States, an estimated 10 million persons aged 50 and over had osteoporosis, with more than 5 million women, including 4.5 million women and 800,000 men, suffering from the disease. The highest rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis among Arab women was recorded in Kuwaiti women 50 years or older, with even higher rates reported in the Saudi Arabian State (KSA) among women of the same age, with 31% having osteopenia and 40% having lumbar spine osteoporosis.
 Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the risk factors for developing osteopenia and osteoporosis in pre- and postmenopausal women, to assess pre- and postmenopausal women's knowledge of osteoporosis prevention, and to assess the relationship between osteoporosis knowledge and selected demographic variables.
 Material and Method:
 In December 2020, a systematic literature search was conducted. This search included the months of January 2018 through December 2020. The key terms "osteoporosis," "menopause," and "risk factor" were used to conduct a literature search in Pub Med and Google Scholar.
 Results:
 The overall prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is 41 percent, while it is 53 percent in India alone. In comparison to other countries, China is studying a variety of risk factors. The maximum risk variables were investigated in China, but not in India, Korea, or Japan. As a result, age, height, postmenopausal status, and exercise were taken into account in the final study. Age was investigated as a non-modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis in all four countries: India, China, Korea, and Japan. Calcium consumption and a variety of workouts were discovered to be useful modifiable factors. Other characteristics, such as age, height, and postmenopausal status, are unchangeable. All four countries evaluated age as a non-modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis: India, China, Korea, and Japan.
 
 Conclusion: The current study discovered a link between osteoporosis awareness and marital status, previous osteoporosis knowledge, and health information source. In postmenopausal women, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as a variety of workouts, might be considered preventive strategies for osteoporosis.
 Keywords: Menopause, osteoporosis, risk factor, early detection, prevention of osteoporosis. | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306514008",
"type": "journal"
}
]
|
|
https://openalex.org/W2034844727 | Pharmacovigilance in the Middle East | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Qatar",
"display_name": "Qatar University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839",
"lat": 25.377226,
"long": 51.48715,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Kerry Wilbur",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041838763"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Qatar",
"display_name": "Qatar University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839",
"lat": 25.377226,
"long": 51.48715,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Amna Fadul",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031790846"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Qatar",
"display_name": "Qatar University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839",
"lat": 25.377226,
"long": 51.48715,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Hala Sonallah",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031280074"
}
]
| [
{
"display_name": "Pharmacovigilance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C57658597"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Middle East",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3651065"
},
{
"display_name": "Arabic",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C96455323"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C556039675"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
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{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
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{
"display_name": "Adverse effect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C197934379"
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{
"display_name": "Pharmacology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98274493"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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| [
"Kuwait",
"Qatar",
"Palestine",
"Lebanon",
"Saudi Arabia",
"Bahrain",
"Yemen",
"Syria",
"Jordan",
"Egypt",
"Iraq",
"Oman"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034844727 | Background: The importance of countries to support their own national pharmacovigilance cannot be understated: citizens may have unique ethnicities, traditions, and diets influencing reaction to medication; alternate brands of therapy may be imported or manufactured and differ in ingredients or production processes; ADRs and toxicities associated with traditional and herbal remedies also need to be monitored. The objective of this study is to inventory national pharmacovigilance systems in place in the Middle East region. Methods: The Uppsala Monitoring Center Assessment of Country Pharmacovigilance Situation (February 2008) was adapted and translated into Arabic. Survey domains pertain to general program overview; information technology support; suspected ADR reporting and subsequent data use; pharmacovigilance activity and advocacy. A comprehensive search was conducted to determine the existence of a governing body responsible for medication safety in 13 Arabic speaking Middle Eastern countries. Surveys were emailed to the head of the identified centres, with follow-up messages and telephone calls subsequently made as necessary. Results: Data for 10 countries was obtained: representatives from two countries did not respond (Lebanon, Syria). Six described formal national pharmacovigilance programs (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE), while five (Bahrain, Kuwait, Palestine, Qatar, Yemen) reported no active program or designated center. All active programs were recently formed (< 5 years). The majority (83%) are government funded and two (33%) receive suspected ADR reports and offer drug information services. Most (83%) welcomed reports from a wide variety of health professionals, as well as from the public. Sixty-seven percent facilitated submission to the centre by email, but none directly through a web-based platform. All used the information for drug regulatory purposes but only 2 (33%) reported dissemination of safety information to the public. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive review of the status of pharmacovigilance in the Middle East. While a number of countries participate in suspected ADR reporting activities, an estimated population of 30–50 million is without formal domestic programs. Technology must be exploited to ease spontaneous reporting and subsequent data management. Existing mechanisms for regional collaboration should be advanced so experience from model programs can be shared. | [
{
"display_name": "Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum proceedings",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210203990",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3107989598 | Delayed dynamics of SIR model for COVID-19 spread forecasting | [
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Kuwait",
"display_name": "Kuwait University",
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"display_name": "Nima E. Gorji",
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Kuwait",
"display_name": "Public Authority for Applied Education and Training",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I143601524",
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"display_name": "Ebraheem Sultan",
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| [
{
"display_name": "Pandemic",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C89623803"
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{
"display_name": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3008058167"
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{
"display_name": "Epidemic model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1627819"
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{
"display_name": "Outbreak",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C116675565"
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{
"display_name": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3007834351"
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{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
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{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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{
"display_name": "Virology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159047783"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
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{
"display_name": "Infectious disease (medical specialty)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C524204448"
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{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
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{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
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{
"display_name": "Disease",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779134260"
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{
"display_name": "Pathology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271"
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]
| [
"Kuwait",
"Oman"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3107989598 | Abstract BackgroundThe global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most challenging tasks the world has faced since the last pandemic outbreak of 1918. Early on countries felt the strength and persistence of the virus infections spreading with no means of estimating the dispersion rates. Officials in infected countries followed several guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO) to try and flatten the infection curve and maintain a low number of infectives. Nonetheless, the virus kept on spreading with impunity and all predictions of how containments or peak detections have been a fail so far. Therefore, a need for a more accurate model to predict the peaking of infections and help guide officials on what best to enact as a measure of public health safety from a multitude of choices outlined by the WHO. Earlier studies of compartmental model of Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) did not predict the peaking of a hot spots flairs of viral infections and a new model needed to provide a more realistic results to serve public officials battling the pandemic worldwideMethodsA new modified SIR model which incorporates appropriate delay parameters leading to a more precise prediction of COVID-19 real time data. The predictions of the new model are compared to real data obtained from four countries, namely Germany, Italy, Kuwait, and Oman. Two included delay periods for incubation and recovery within the SIR model produces a sensible and more accurate representation of the real time data. The reproductive number 𝑅0 is defined for the model for values of recovery time delay 𝜏2 of the infective case.ResultsIncorporating two delay periods that corresponds to the duration of the incubational and recovery periods measured for COVID-19 gives a more accurate prediction of the peak pandemic infections per geographical area. The parameter variations in the model 𝛽,𝛾,𝛼,𝜏1,𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜏2 makeup different cases corresponding to different situations. The variations are estimated a priori based on what is being observed and collected data of an infected region to give officials better guidelines on what health policies should be enacted in the future.2 of 15ConclusionsThe empirical data provided by WHO show that the proposed new SIR model gives a better more accurate prediction of COVID-19 pandemic spreading curve. The model is shown to closely fit real time data for four countries. Simulation results are consistent with data and generated curves are well constrained. The parameters can be varied and adjusted for producing and/or reproduction of numbers within the range of each country | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W1504563409 | Mental health a major priority in reconstruction of Iraq's health system. | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Fiona Fleck",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055112602"
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| [
{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
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]
| [
"Kuwait",
"Lebanon",
"Jordan",
"Iraq"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1504563409 | When outgoing interim Iraqi Health Minister, Dr Khudair Abbas, embarked on the reconstruction of Iraq's collapsed health system last summer, he was shocked to find that there were only two psychiatric hospitals for a country of 24 million people. According to Abbas, patients with mental health problems had been kept under prison-like conditions and many escaped when their institutions were looted and vandalized last year. Inhumane treatment of patients was symptomatic of Saddam Hussein's dictatorship which tortured and murdered thousands of citizens, said Abbas. [It is] not only the trauma of the past. We have to address the effect of the current conflict on the people, said Dr R. Srinivasa Murthy from WHO's Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, who is responsible for mental health in the region. In July 2003, WHO hosted an expert consultation in Cairo to discuss the mental health and rehabilitation of psychiatric services in post-conflict and complex emergencies in a number of countries, including Iraq. They found that these populations were traumatized by acute and chronic stress. Most of the population needs support to master the situation, Dr Murthy said, referring to countries like Iraq. When Abbas became health minister in September 2003 he drafted a health needs assessment with the help of WHO and other international experts, including James K Haveman, a public administrator from the US, appointed by the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) to advise him. They singled out mental health, alongside infectious diseases and cancer treatment, as the three top priorities. In February, Dr Abbas appointed Iraqi-born psychiatrist Sabah Sadik, who had been in exile in the UK for 25 years, as Iraq's National Advisor for mental health. An Iraqi Mental Health Council representing a wide range of disciplines was then formed and a draft Mental Health Act has been submitted to Iraq's Governing Council. In May, 16 psychiatrists from across Iraq attended a WHO training workshop in Beirut, Lebanon, to review Iraq's mental health needs, update their own knowledge and discuss the proposed mental health reforms. The same month, the Iraqi health ministry prepared a one-year mental health plan financed by a US$ 6 million donation from Japan to focus on mental health services, training new staff and rebuilding a mental health infrastructure. Iraqi psychiatrists have received training in Jordan, Kuwait, the US and the UK. … | [
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https://openalex.org/W4235807120 | Editorial | [
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"display_name": "Mary Alissa Willis",
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{
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{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650"
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{
"display_name": "Gerontology",
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
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| [
"Kuwait"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4235807120 | Once thought to exacerbate symptoms of MS, physical activity is now well established to be beneficial for people with MS. Exercise and physical activity improve spasticity, strength, fatigue, mood, cognitive function, and bladder function. In this issue, Albatineh and colleagues identify physical activity as a contributor to a less severe clinical course and reduced Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score in a Kuwaiti population. In their article, they characterize the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors in an area with an increasing prevalence of MS.Counseling on the importance of exercise and encouraging more movement are on my agenda for every patient encounter. This often leads to questions and discussion about how to get started, barriers to adherence, and what types of exercises are best. In this issue’s CME/CNE article, Zhang and colleagues describe the differences in health promotion and quality of life by MS clinical course. Increasing mobility impairment is a barrier to physical activity, and this contributes to lower health promotion in people with progressive MS. Also in this issue, Donkers and colleagues explore benefits of and adherence to a Web-based home physical activity program for moderately-to-severely disabled persons with MS in Canada. Wheelchair users had the highest adherence with this physiotherapist-guided program. Clearly more work is needed to individualize a physical activity prescription based on patient preferences, mobility level, and access to resources.Assessing mobility level in the clinic remains challenging. Completing a formal test of maximum walking distance is impractical, and estimates based on patient report are unreliable. Alshamrani and colleagues demonstrate that the more convenient Timed 25-Foot Walk test may be predictive of maximum walking distance for persons with moderate disability.Awareness of the importance of psychosocial well-being for overall health has increased during the current coronavirus pandemic. Avoiding social isolation during this time is increasingly difficult for some people with MS. Marrow and colleagues describe the profound impact of adult day programs on the psychosocial health of persons with MS severe enough to interfere with employment and activities of daily living. Social support not only improved emotional well-being but also provided a community for people with MS to gain greater understanding of the disease. Pust and colleagues show that social support also contributes to adherence to disease-modifying therapy, although the specific motivational factors differ for persons on first-line and second-line therapies. Illness beliefs and psychosocial well-being must be considered whether discussing disease-modifying therapy, exercise, diet, or emotional health.Finally, we are happy to share the work of an international panel convened by the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers to update and implement a standardized magnetic resonance imaging protocol in MS (see the article by Saslow and colleagues). We hope that you will review and consider the advocacy and dissemination strategies to raise awareness of the importance of the updated protocol. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2014510489 | Military Implements Program to Improve Treatment of Combat-Related Stress | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Rich Daly",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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]
| [
"Kuwait",
"Iraq"
]
| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014510489 | Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Association NewsFull AccessMilitary Implements Program to Improve Treatment of Combat-Related StressRich DalyRich DalySearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:21 Oct 2005https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.40.20.00400011aAssessing soldiers for mental health problems upon their return from the war in Iraq is helping to identify areas where particular services are needed, according to Col. E. Cameron Ritchie, M.C.Ritchie, a psychiatrist who consults to the U.S. Army surgeon general, addressed the military's response to mental health challenges at the annual Mental Illness Awareness Week symposium on Capitol Hill last month sponsored by APA and the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI).“We have been at war for four years, and we are tired, but we have learned a lot,” she said.Among the mental health lessons the military has learned so far is the realization that troops suffering from combat-induced stress may display a wide range of reactions. That stress, she said, affects those deployed and their families.The military has found that its attempts to improve the diagnosis and treatment of stress-related reactions in areas where combat troops are deployed frequently produced positive results among soldiers and Marines stationed in Iraq, according to the 2004 findings of the Army surgeon general's Mental Health Advisory Team, on which Ritchie served.“We found things have improved, but more work is needed to improve access to care,” Ritchie said. For instance, the team found a 96 percent“ return to duty rate” among soldiers treated by military behavioral health care providers close to where their units were deployed. The team also found that a sufficient number of behavioral health personnel were deployed in Iraq and Kuwait overall, but the smaller, forward-operating bases were understaffed.The armed forces also are trying to improve the mental health care available for soldiers after they return. The military's research found that among returning troops risky behaviors increase, as do substance abuse and domestic violence, Ritchie said.A mental health program known as Post-Deployment Health Reassessment is in pilot testing at Fort Hood, in Killeen, Texas. The program, which will be applied to all active-duty and reserve units beginning in January 2006, aims to assess the mental health of soldiers three to six months after they return from combat deployment, after the so-called honeymoon period. The program intends to identify and treat soldiers with mental health problems that may not manifest for months after returning from combat.According to the initial findings from the pilot test, up to 19 percent of soldiers and marines tested positive for mental health problems three to six months after they returned from Iraq.Assessing the presence and significance of mental health problems in troops is complicated by the “redeployment window” in which they serve multiple combat tours, Ritchie said.Military health officials continue to examine complicated questions, Ritchie said, such as what level of psychiatric symptoms should preclude troops from redeployment.The “Mental Health Team Advisory Report” is posted at<www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2004/mhat.htm>.▪ ISSUES NewArchived | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210208841",
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https://openalex.org/W4253284311 | Health in the occupied Palestinian territories | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4253284311 | Rita Giacaman and colleagues (March 7, p 837)1Giacaman R Khatib R Shabanay L et al.Health status and health services in the occupied Palestinian territory.Lancet. 2009; 373: 837-847Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (205) Google Scholar misrepresent trends in public health and health services for Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza in 1967–94, before the Palestinian National Authority assumed leadership. Population health improved substantially under the Israeli Civil Administration. Major sanitation and disease-control projects included efforts to bring chlorinated running water to homes, which increased from 24% (1972–74) to 79% (1992) in the West Bank, and from 14% to 93% in Gaza. In the 1970s, oral rehydration campaigns reduced morbidity, hospital admission, and mortality from diarrhoeal diseases. Israeli Civil Administration health priorities included the full spectrum of primary prevention, screening, and workforce development.2Ministry of HealthHealth in Judaea and Samaria and Gaza 1967–1994. Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem1994Google Scholar Vaccine coverage was more than 95% and reached the smallest villages; polio and measles were eradicated.3Tulchinsky TH Abed A Shaheen S et al.A ten year experience in control of poliomyelitis through a combination of live and killed vaccines in two developing areas.Am J Public Health. 1989; 79: 1648-1655Crossref PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar, 4Tulchinsky TH Ginsberg GM Abed Y Angeles MT Akukwe C Bonn J Measles control in developing and developed countries: the case for a two-dose policy.Bull World Health Organ. 1993; 71: 93-103PubMed Google Scholar Routine vitamin K for neonates was introduced, along with screening for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism, and routine vitamin A, D, and iron supplements were provided for infants and pregnant women. The gains from this period persist. UNICEF data (2009)5UNICEFState of the World's Children.http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/oPt.htmlDate: 2009Google Scholar show that immunisation coverage in the “occupied Palestinian territories” is 99%, above Israeli and Jordanian rates; the proportion of Palestinian infants with low birthweight is 7%, compared with 6% in Lebanon, 7% in Kuwait, 12% in Jordan, and 11% in Saudi Arabia. The Palestinian mortality rate among children younger than 5 years fell from 38 per 1000 livebirths in 1990 to 27 in 2007. Life expectancy at birth rose from 54 years in 1970 to 68 years in 1990 and 73 years in 2007. The commitment of the Hamas government in Gaza to the destruction of the State of Israel has made cooperation between health establishments very difficult. Yet past successes in public health offer a model of the potential of cooperation, mutual benefit, and hope for the future. THT served with the Israeli Ministry of Health as Coordinator for Health in the West Bank and Gaza from 1980 until 1994 and continues cooperative projects with Palestinian academics in public health to the present time. SMA chairs the Public Health and Medicine Task Force for Scholars for Peace in the Middle East. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Health in the occupied Palestinian territories – Author's replyI find it difficult to understand how Ted Tulchinsky and colleagues conclude that we “misrepresent trends in public health and health services” in the occupied Palestinian territory. As judged by infant mortality rates, which were noted graphically and in our texts and tables, Palestinian health conditions improved from 1967 until the early 1990s, continuing decades of improvements before 1967. Various factors are likely to have contributed to this trend: Full-Text PDF | [
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https://openalex.org/W2560531006 | An Estimate of the Incidence,… | [
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"Saudi Arabia",
"Bahrain",
"Yemen",
"Tunisia",
"Sudan",
"Syria",
"Djibouti",
"Iran",
"Libya",
"Jordan",
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"Somalia",
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| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2560531006 | Introduction Stroke, a neurological disorder that continues to be considerable burden on health systems due to high fatality rates and a major disability in survivors. Despite a decline in stroke incidence in the developed world, developing nations are still facing the problem at its eminent peak. Over 80% of all stroke deaths in the world occur in developing countries. This includes the MENA region, which not only comprises of the hugely populated and lesser developed countries in the world but some nations also has varied ethnic group due to prominent immigration predominantly from South Asia and South-east Asia. Studies have shown that different ethnic groups have different pre-disposing factors, epidemiological patterns and outcomes of stroke. These variations can be due to lifestyle, demographic, and/or socioeconomic factors. These differences can not only significantly change the course of treatment and management of stroke, but also change the methods applied towards the prevention of stroke, which is shown to be significant in order to reduce the incidence of stroke in a region. In the absence of significant global public health response the morbidity and mortality rates will only go higher. The MENA region comprises of a unique mix of low to middle income countries and high-income countries. But the common elements in all these countries include increase urbanization, unchecked population growth, increased consumption of western diet, obesity and inactivity. Moreover, the health services and public health response is not at par with the growing problem in hand. Methods Data sources and search strategy We conducted a systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of Stroke in the 23 countries of MENA region (Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Iran, Iraq, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Palestine and Yemen). The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the PRISMA checklist can be found on Figure S1 in Supporting Information (SI). Our search criteria can be found in Figure S2 in SI. Briefly, PubMed and EMBASE databases were used for this review. The databases were searched using text terms and MeSH/Emtree terms exploded to cover all sub-heading. We used a broad search criterion with no restrictions for language, or year of publication. Study selection The search results were imported to a reference manager, Endnote, and screened for duplicate papers. After exclusion of duplicates the titles and abstracts of the final set of distinctive papers was exported to Microsoft Excel. All the extracted articles were screened for relevance by two authors (SA and DD). The process of Screening was conducted in two separate steps: First level of screening involved screening titles and abstracts of all papers to exclude all non-relevant articles; second level involved screening the full-text of all relevant or potentially relevant articles thus, excluding all non-eligible articles. Any paper reporting the incidence or prevalence of stroke based on primary data were included in this review. All forms study designs except literature reviews, case reports, case series editorials, and letters to editors were included in the review. A publication is included in the review if it had a data point on either the prevalence of acute stroke, or the incidence of acute stroke, or both. Data extraction and data synthesis Data from relevant articles was extracted by two authors, SA and DD, for the following indicators: author, year of publication, year of study, country of study,study design, sampling technique, population, sample size, stroke incidence and stroke prevalence. Though the articles were not search for mortality and risk factors, this information was extracted from relevant reports when available. Data was extracted from abstracts when the full text is unavailable. Any studies in Arabic or French were screened by author DD. Results Conclusion Figure 1 Reasons for exclusion Full-text did not include data on relevant indicators (n = 191) Article is an editorial/commentary/letter to editor (n = 4) Full-text could not be retrieved and abstract does not have data on relevant outcomes (n = 15) Reasons for exclusion Same dataset as another included relevant publication (n = 5) Paper presents contradictory/unclear numbers that could not be verified (n = 0) References | [
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https://openalex.org/W60463504 | Physical inactivity and population health in Oman: opportunity for chronic disease prevention | [
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| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W60463504 | Background The prevalence of chronic disease such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases is increasing rapidly in Oman. While physical inactivity and prolonged sitting time are key behavioral risk factors for these chronic diseases, the majority of the published evidence comes from developed countries. Limited evidence is available from Oman and other countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; Bahrain Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) about the associations of physical inactivity and sitting time with health outcomes or the determinants of these health risk behaviors. There is an urgent need for such evidence to better inform public health strategies and policy initiatives in Oman and the other countries of the GCC. Aims Using an Omani population-based health survey dataset, this Thesis examines the associations of domain-specific physical inactivity and prolonged sitting time with the metabolic syndrome, and identifies the socio-demographic, anthropometric and behavioral correlates of these behaviors. The Thesis also examines the perceptions of key health managers about the kinds of public health policies and programs that can best address physical inactivity and sitting time. The findings are organized according to the Behavioral Epidemiology Framework and are intended to provide evidence that can inform relevant public health initiatives in Oman. Methods and Results A systematic review of the available evidence from Oman and other countries of the GCC, published as a peer reviewed paper during the PhD candidature, showed a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, particularly among women. A second systematic review, also published as a peer reviewed paper, showed a high prevalence of physical inactivity; again, particularly among women. Building on these findings, two empirical studies were conducted based on an analysis of a population-based survey of Omani adults living in Sur, a major city in Oman. The first empirical study, published in a peer-reviewed journal, examined the associations of physical activity and sitting time with the metabolic syndrome. Using pooled regression models, lower odds of the metabolic syndrome were observed among those with higher work activity (0.60; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.80) and transport activity (0.69; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.00) compared to those with the least physical activity. These associations were not observed for leisure activity (0.91; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.32). Odds of the metabolic syndrome were higher in those who sat for > 6 hours daily compared to < 3 hours daily (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.44), but not after further adjustment for physical activity. The second empirical study, also published in a peer-reviewed journal, explored the demographic, anthropometric and behavioral correlates of physical inactivity and prolonged sitting time using the same population-based survey dataset. Using gender-stratified logistic regression models the statistically significant correlates of inactivity (in one or more domains) were: age, work status and fruit and vegetable intake in women; age, education, work status, marital status and BMI in men. Using gender-stratified linear regression models, the statistically significant correlates of sitting time were: age, work status and BMI in women and education in men. Based on these findings, a semi-structured interview survey with mid-level public health managers was conducted to identify public health strategies to address physical inactivity and prolonged sitting time in Oman. Based on thematic content analysis guided by an ecological model, the proposed solutions focused on culturally-sensitive interventions at physical environment and policy levels. These were in response to the four main barriers the respondents identified: intrapersonal (lack of motivation, awareness and time), social (norms restricting women’s participation in outdoor activity, low value of physical activity), environment (lack of places to be active, weather) and policy barriers (ineffective health communication, limited resources). Conclusions Overall, the set of studies reported in this Thesis identified the importance of addressing physical inactivity and prolonged sitting time as a public health response to the increasing prevalence of chronic disease in Oman. The Discussion chapter suggests how the findings from this Thesis can inform public health policy in Oman (and potentially for other GCC countries) following the recommendations outlined in the Toronto Charter for Physical Activity. Support from key sectors is needed to ensure coordinated multi-level action to reduce physical inactivity and sitting time that is culturally relevant for the Omani context and focuses on supportive policies and the built environment. Additional research on these health risk behaviors is required to fill the knowledge gaps that exist and provide better guidance to policy makers. | []
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https://openalex.org/W1974773993 | Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility: A Scale Development Study | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974773993 | Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the most prominent concepts in the literature and, in short, indicates the positive impacts of businesses on their stakeholders. Despite the growing body of literature on this concept, the measurement of CSR is still problematic. Although the literature provides several methods for measuring corporate social activities, almost all of them have some limitations. The purpose of this study is to provide an original, valid, and reliable measure of CSR reflecting the responsibilities of a business to various stakeholders. Based on a proposed conceptual framework of CSR, a scale was developed through a systematic scale development process. In the study, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the underlying factorial structure of the scale. Data was collected from 269 business professionals working in Turkey. The results of the analysis provided a four-dimensional structure of CSR, including CSR to social and nonsocial stakeholders, employees, customers, and government. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2168630917 | Global, regional, and national age–sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 | []
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2168630917 | Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries.We estimated age-sex-specific all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specific causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions.Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute differences between countries decreased but relative differences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative differences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100,000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions.For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specific mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3092934210 | COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3092934210 | Much research effort is focused on developing an effective vaccine for combatting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine development itself, however, will not be enough given that a sufficient amount of people will need to be vaccinated for widespread immunity. Vaccine hesitancy is on the rise, varies across countries, and is associated with conspiratorial worldview. Given the rise in COVID-19-related conspiracy theories, we aimed to examine the levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its association with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in a cross-cultural study.We conducted an online survey in the UK (N = 1088) and Turkey (N = 3936), and gathered information on participants' willingness to vaccinate for a potential COVID-19 vaccine, beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus, and several behavioural and demographic predictors (such as anxiety, risk perception, government satisfaction levels) that influence vaccination and origin beliefs.In all, 31% of the participants in Turkey and 14% in the UK were unsure about getting themselves vaccinated for a COVID-19 vaccine. In both countries, 3% of the participants rejected to be vaccinated. Also, 54% of the participants in Turkey and 63% in the UK believed in the natural origin of the novel coronavirus. Believing in the natural origin significantly increased the odds of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.Our results point at a concerning level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, especially in Turkey, and suggest that wider communication of the scientific consensus on the origin of the novel coronavirus with the public may help future campaigns targeting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1978237455 | Validity and reliability of Turkish version of "Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture" and perception of patient safety in public hospitals in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978237455 | The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) is used to assess safety culture in many countries. Accordingly, the questionnaire has been translated into Turkish for the study of patient safety culture in Turkish hospitals. The aim of this study is threefold: to determine the validity and reliability of the translated form of HSOPS, to evaluate physicians' and nurses' perceptions of patient safety in Turkish public hospitals, and to compare finding with U.S. hospital settings.Physicians and nurses working in all public hospitals in Konya, a large city in Turkey, were asked to complete a self-administrated patient safety culture survey (n = 309). Data collection was carried out using the Turkish version of HSOPS, developed by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Data were summarized as percentages, means, and SD values. Factor analysis, correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, ANOVA, and t tests were employed in statistical analyses. Items on patient safety were categorized into 10 factors. Factor loadings and internal consistencies of dimension items were high.Most of the scores related to dimensions, and the overall patient safety score (44%) were lower than the benchmark score. "Teamwork within hospital units" received the highest score (70%), and the lowest score belonged to the "frequency of events reported" (15%). The study revealed that more than three quarters of the physicians and nurses were not reporting errors.The Turkish version of HSOPS was found to be valid and reliable in determining patient safety culture. This tool will be helpful in tracking improvements and in heightening awareness on patient safety culture in Turkey. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1521568542 | Normative data and discriminative properties of short form 36 (SF-36) in Turkish urban population | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1521568542 | SF-36 has been both translated into different languages and adapted to different cultures to obtain comparable data on health status internationally. However there have been only a limited number of studies focused on the discriminative ability of SF-36 regarding social and disease status in developing countries. The aim of this study was to obtain population norms of the short form 36 (SF-36) health survey and the association of SF-36 domains with demographic and socioeconomic variables in an urban population in Turkey.A cross-sectional study. Face to face interviews were carried out with a sample of households. The sample was systematically selected from two urban Health Districts in Izmir, Turkey. The study group consisted of 1,279 people selected from a study population of 46,290 people aged 18 and over.Internal consistencies of the scales were high, with the exception of mental health and vitality. Physical health scales were associated with both age and gender. On the other hand, mental health scales were less strongly associated with age and gender. Women reported poorer health compared to men in general. Social risk factors (employment status, lower education and economic strain) were associated with worse health profiles. The SF-36 was found to be capable of discriminating disease status.Our findings, cautiously generalisable to urban population, suggest that the SF-36 can be a valuable tool for studies on health outcomes in Turkish population. SF-36 may also be a promising measure for research on health inequalities in Turkey and other developing countries. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1983343022 | Cultural Orientation and Attitudes Toward Different Forms of Whistleblowing: A Comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K. | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983343022 | This article reports the findings of a cross-cultural study that explored the relationship between nationality, cultural orientation, and attitudes toward different ways in which an employee might blow the whistle. The study investigated two questions – are there any significant differences in the attitudes of university students from South Korea, Turkey and the U.K. toward various ways by which an employee blows the whistle in an organization?, and what effect, if any, does cultural orientation have on these attitudes? In order to answer these questions, the study identified six dimensions of whistleblowing and four types of cultural orientation. The survey was conducted among 759 university students, who voluntarily participated; 284 South Korean, 230 Turkish, and 245 U.K. Although all three samples showed a preference for formal, anonymous and internal modes of whistleblowing, there were significant variations related to nationality and cultural orientation. The findings have some key implications for organizational practice and offer directions for future research. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2000999825 | Leishmaniasis in Turkey | [
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https://openalex.org/W2054305405 | Brucellosis in Turkey — an overview | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054305405 | Although almost a century has gone by since its first description in the country, Turkey has not been able to eradicate brucellosis, which remains a major public health problem. In this review, we give an overview of the epidemiological and epizootic status of brucellosis in Turkey. Although little readily accessible data concerning the epidemiology of brucellosis in Turkey are available, the limited official and published data were analyzed. Despite being endemic in Turkey, brucellosis remains under-diagnosed and under-reported. Adherence to traditional farming practices and lifestyles and the consumption of fresh dairy produce contribute to the high incidence of brucellosis. The successful implementation of a national brucellosis control program requires strong political will, good funding, and collaboration, especially between the public health and veterinary sectors. Primary healthcare workers should always keep the symptoms of acute and chronic brucellosis in mind when treating patients. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1975892538 | Differences in late-life loneliness: a comparison between Turkish and native-born older adults in Germany | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975892538 | The aim of this study was (1) to examine whether Turkish older migrants are indeed—as is often claimed without solid scientific evidence—lonelier than their peers with no migration background and (2) to determine the factors that account for the differences in loneliness between them. We analysed data of adults aged 50–79 from the first wave of the German Generations and Gender Survey and a supplementary survey of Turkish nationals in Germany (N = 3,248 born in Germany and N = 494 born in Turkey). Differences in degree of loneliness between Turkish and native-born older adults were determined by the six-item Loneliness Scale of de Jong Gierveld. To identify the specific factors contributing to these loneliness differences, a series of multivariate regression analyses were conducted, examining the impact of two groups of risk factors (poor health and low socioeconomic status) and two groups of protective factors (social embeddedness in the family and informal support exchanges) on loneliness. Results showed that feelings of loneliness are indeed more prevalent among older adults of Turkish origin than their German counterparts, which is entirely attributable to their lower socioeconomic status and poorer health. Living with a partner or children, frequent contacts with non-coresident children, emotional support exchange and looking after grandchildren—though important factors to prevent loneliness at the individual level—did not specifically protect Turkish older adults from loneliness, or did so rarely. These findings not only indicate new and challenging directions for further research but also raise questions about the effectiveness of the most common loneliness interventions, which focus on improving number and quality of social relationships. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2162081322 | Intestinal parasites prevalence and related factors in school children, a western city sample-Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2162081322 | Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections worldwide. Epidemiological research carried out in different countries has shown that the social and economical situation of the individuals is an important cause in the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Previous studies in Turkey revealed a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Aydin among 7–14 years old school children and to identify associated socio-demographic and environmental factors, behavioral habits and also related complaints. Multistage sampling was used in the selection of the study sample. A questionnaire, cellulose adhesive and a stool specimen examination were done. A total of 456 stool specimens were collected. 145 students (31.8%) were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. 29 (6.4%) of the students were infected more than one parasite, 26 (5.7%) with two parasites and 3 (0.7%) with three parasites. The three most common were E. vermicularis, G. intestinalis and E. coli. Intestinal parasite prevalence was higher in rural area, in children with less than primary school educated mother, in children who use hands for washing anal area after defecation, and in children who use toilet paper sometimes or never. The relation between child health and mother education is well known. Children were traditionally taught to wash anal area by hand. Toiler paper usage was not common and might be due to low income or just a behavioral habit also. Most of the complaints of the study population were not significantly related with the intestinal parasitic infection. Intestinal parasitic infection is an important public health problem in Aydin, Turkey. Rural residence, mother education less than primary school, sometimes or never usage of toilet paper, and washing anal area by hands after defecation were the significant associations. Interventions including health education on personal hygiene to the students and to the parents, especially to mothers are required. The ratio of uneducated women should be declined with specific programs. A multisectoral approach is needed. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2016687599 | Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Preference-Based Health States of Low Back Pain in a Turkish Population | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016687599 | In Brief Study Design. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted using face-to-face interviews. Objectives. To estimate the point, 12-month period, and lifetime prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in the general population of Turkey, and to determine the factors associated with LBP. We also aim to determine self-reported health states differences between patients and the general population by the EuroQol-5D & Visual Analogue Scale (EQ5D-VAS). Summary of Background Data. LBP as a major public health problem has been unquestionably the most serious pain problem. LBP generally appears between 35 and 64 years of age. Little was known about the prevalence and determinants of LBP among populations from developing areas; information mostly comes from industrialized countries. This epidemiologic study reported the prevalence of LBP in the general population in Turkey. In Turkey, community-based trials on the prevalence of LBP were scarce. Methods. A total of 7,000 participants selected by randomly sampling from seven regions of Turkey. A comprehensive questionnaire on demographics, physical and emotional stress, LBP, and EQ5D-VAS was administered to 4,990 men and women (age range, 18–70 years). Results. The lifetime, 12-month period, and point prevalence of LBP were 44.1%, 34.0%, and 19.7%, respectively. The prevalence of LBP in women was consistently higher than in men across all age groups. The proportion of specific LBP was 10.2%, and most common etiology of specific LBP was disc hernia. In regression analysis, occupation, physical, and emotional stress showed significant associations with having LBP. The EQ5D-VAS scores of patients with LBP were significantly lower than self-reported assessments of the population without LBP (64.6, 63.0 vs. 73.8, P < 0.05). Conclusions. In comparison with other developing countries, the prevalence of LBP is higher in Turkey and approximates prevalence estimates of LBP in developed countries. LBP is associated with occupation. Smoking is not associated with having LBP. This study also shows that LBP influences disability and quality of life. We estimate the point, period, and lifetime prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in the general population of Turkey, and we determine the factors associated with LBP, self-reported health states, and differences between patients and the general population. In comparison with other developing countries, the prevalence of LBP is higher in Turkey and approximates prevalence estimates of LBP in developed countries. LBP is associated with occupation. Smoking is not associated with having LBP. This study shows that LBP influences disability and quality of life. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2136763364 | Factors associated with breast self-examination practices and beliefs in female workers at a Muslim community | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2136763364 | The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to identify knowledge levels and performance frequency of breast self-examination (BSE) and to examine variables related to breast cancer screening behaviors in a sample of Turkish women. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 103 Muslim female workers at a hazelnut factory in Ordu city, Turkey, using an adapted version of Champion's revised Health Belief Model Scale. Results showed that 26.2% of the women reported knowledge of BSE and 4.3% reported that they perform BSE. Higher health motivation, higher perceived self-efficacy of BSE, marital status, and familial breast cancer history were significantly associated with BSE performance. Higher levels of health motivation and higher perceived self-efficacy of BSE were also significantly associated with knowledge of BSE. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2051419331 | Social Determinants of Health and Tobacco Use in Thirteen Low and Middle Income Countries: Evidence from Global Adult Tobacco Survey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051419331 | Tobacco use has been identified as the single biggest cause of inequality in morbidity. The objective of this study is to examine the role of social determinants on current tobacco use in thirteen low-and-middle income countries.We used nationally representative data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted during 2008-2010 in 13 low-and-middle income countries: Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Russian Federation, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Viet Nam. These surveys provided information on 209,027 respondent's aged 15 years and above and the country datasets were analyzed individually for estimating current tobacco use across various socio-demographic factors (gender, age, place of residence, education, wealth index, and knowledge on harmful effects of smoking). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to predict the impact of these determinants on current tobacco use status. Current tobacco use was defined as current smoking or use of smokeless tobacco, either daily or occasionally. Former smokers were excluded from the analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for current tobacco use after controlling other cofactors, was significantly higher for males across all countries and for urban areas in eight of the 13 countries. For educational level, the trend was significant in Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Philippines and Thailand demonstrating decreasing prevalence of tobacco use with increasing levels of education. For wealth index, the trend of decreasing prevalence of tobacco use with increasing wealth was significant for Bangladesh, India, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay and Viet Nam. The trend of decreasing prevalence with increasing levels of knowledge on harmful effects of smoking was significant in China, India, Philippines, Poland, Russian Federation, Thailand, Ukraine and Viet Nam.These findings demonstrate a significant but varied role of social determinants on current tobacco use within and across countries. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2113459167 | Tobacco use in 3 billion individuals from 16 countries: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional household surveys | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2113459167 | Background Despite the high global burden of diseases caused by tobacco, valid and comparable prevalence data for patterns of adult tobacco use and factors influencing use are absent for many low-income and middle-income countries. We assess these patterns through analysis of data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Methods Between Oct 1, 2008, and March 15, 2010, GATS used nationally representative household surveys with comparable methods to obtain relevant information from individuals aged 15 years or older in 14 low-income and middle-income countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Vietnam). We compared weighted point estimates and 95% CIs of tobacco use between these 14 countries and with data from the 2008 UK General Lifestyle Survey and the 2006–07 US Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. All these surveys had cross-sectional study designs. Findings In countries participating in GATS, 48·6% (95% CI 47·6–49·6) of men and 11·3% (10·7–12·0) of women were tobacco users. 40·7% of men (ranging from 21·6% in Brazil to 60·2% in Russia) and 5·0% of women (0·5% in Egypt to 24·4% in Poland) in GATS countries smoked a tobacco product. Manufactured cigarettes were favoured by most smokers (82%) overall, but smokeless tobacco and bidis were commonly used in India and Bangladesh. For individuals who had ever smoked daily, women aged 55–64 years at the time of the survey began smoking at an older age than did equivalently aged men in most GATS countries. However, those individuals who had ever smoked daily and were aged 25–34-years when surveyed started to do so at much the same age in both sexes. Quit ratios were very low (<20% overall) in China, India, Russia, Egypt, and Bangladesh. Interpretation The first wave of GATS showed high rates of smoking in men, early initiation of smoking in women, and low quit ratios, reinforcing the view that efforts to prevent initiation and promote cessation of tobacco use are needed to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. Funding Bloomberg Philanthropies' Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Brazilian and Indian Governments. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2106037517 | Current Status of Childhood Obesity and its Associated Morbidities in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2106037517 | As a transitional society, rapid changes have occurred in the social, economic, nutritional and lifestyle aspects of the Turkish population over the last three decades. As a result, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has shown a dramatic increase in the adult Turkish population, reaching figures as high as 30-40%. Although there is no nationwide figure regarding the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents, several local studies performed between 2000 and 2010 in different regions of the country have demonstrated varying prevalence rates of 10.3%-17.6% and 1.9%-7.8% for overweight and obesity, respectively, in children aged 6-16 years. The differences in the figures obtained in these regions are thought to be due to variations in the subject sampling. The figures appear to vary depending on residential (urban vs. rural) and economic conditions. Belonging to a high-income family, living in a large city, having obese parents, being of high birth weight, consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (soft drinks, juice drinks, etc.), and spending time in front of TV and PC were identified as the most common risk factors. Complications and co-morbidities of obesity have also started to appear in our pediatric population. Metabolic syndrome, diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria, was found in 2.3% of Turkish schoolchildren aged 10-19 years. This rate was 28% in obese children. Preventive public measures have started to be implemented by the State and other bodies to control the rising trends in obesity. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1601984572 | Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test: psychometric testing | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1601984572 | guvenc g., akyuz a. & açikel c.h. (2011) Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test: psychometric testing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(2), 428–437. Aim. This study is a report of the development and psychometric testing of the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test. Background. While the Champion Health Belief Model scales have been tested extensively for breast cancer and screening for this, evaluation of these scales in explaining the beliefs of women with regard to cervical cancer and the Pap Smear Test has only received limited attention. Methods. This methodological research was carried out in Turkey in 2007. The data were collected with 237 randomly selected women who met the criteria for inclusion and agreed to participate in this study. The Champion Health Belief Model scales were translated into Turkish, adapted for cervical cancer, validated by professional experts, translated back into English and pilot-tested. Findings. Factor analysis yielded five factors: Pap smear benefits and health motivation, Pap smear barriers, seriousness, susceptibility and health motivation. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the five subscales ranged from 0·62 to 0·86, and test–retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0·79 to 0·87 for the subscales. Conclusion. The Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test was found to be a valid and reliable tool in assessing the women’s health beliefs. Understanding the beliefs of women in respect of cervical cancer and the Pap Smear Test will help healthcare professionals to develop more effective cervical cancer screening programmes. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2035796154 | Echinococcosis/hydatidosis: A severe threat in Mediterranean countries | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2035796154 | Echinococcosis/hydatidosis is one of the most important parasitic zoonotic diseases in the world. Both cystic hydatidosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by E. multilocularis have been reported in several countries of the Mediterranean region (MR). E. granulosus has always been present in the MR and is the most common species. This parasite depends on the dog–sheep cycle and is actively transmitted in all pastoral regions where sheep, cattle and camelids predominate. E. multilocularis occurs only sporadically in limited areas of France, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco. However recent evidence indicates that it is spreading into other regions of the Mediterranean. Due to the lack of well-documented data, and to the fact that CE is not a notifiable disease in the majority of M countries, the precise incidence and prevalence of CE in humans and animals are not known. Published data suggests that prevalence is rather high in North Africa, Turkey, Greece, and in several regions of Italy and Spain. CE is an increasing public health and socio-economic concern due to the considerable morbidity rates that give rise to high economic losses both in the public health sector and in the livestock industry. Hospitalisation for human CE lasts from 2 weeks to more than 1 month in case of surgery. A number of factors contribute to the increase of prevalence and to the spreading of CE in the MR. These include the diversity of livestock production systems (predominantly extensive, traditional animal husbandry), small, ill-equipped and unsupervised slaughter-houses, illegal and family slaughtering, low public awareness of hydatid diseases, and the high population of stray dogs. Cyprus is the only country where an eradication programme has been successfully implemented. There have been, however, important developments in the last decade in CE epidemiology, in the diagnosis of canine infection, in strain characterisation and in immune strategies against CE in animals. This scientific progress, together with effective health education programmes, will likely improve control programmes and reduce the time required to achieve significant decreases in prevalence or eradication. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2073698741 | Prevalence of Skin Conditions in Primary School Children in Turkey: Differences Based on Socioeconomic Factors | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073698741 | Skin diseases are associated with environmental factors and a public health approach is particularly important. We determined the prevalence of skin conditions and associated socioeconomic factors in primary school children in Turkey. A questionnaire for determining the socioeconomic level and a complete dermatologic examination were performed in 785 children in two primary schools in different socioeconomic areas of suburban and central Manisa, Turkey. The study included 345 (43.9%) girls and 440 (56.1%) boys with a mean age of 9.25 +/- 1.55 (range 6-14 years). Infectious skin diseases were frequently observed: pediculosis capitis in 74 children (9.4%), scabies in 17 (2.2%), viral skin diseases in 30 (3.8%), and fungal infections in 6 (0.7%). The other common conditions were melanocytic nevi (14.4%), keratosis pilaris (12.5%), pityriasis alba (12%), xerosis (11.8%), and atopic dermatitis (6.8%). Pediculosis capitis, acne, and dandruff were more common in girls. The rate of infections, atopic dermatitis, xerosis, and pityriasis alba were significantly higher in the school children with poor socioeconomic conditions. Improvement in socioeconomic conditions along with education may be needed to decrease the prevalence of some of these skin disorders in order to decrease costs related to treatment. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2075623610 | Health beliefs and breast cancer screening behaviors among female health workers in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075623610 | The purpose of this study was to evaluate health beliefs and breast cancer screening behaviors in female health workers in Turkey. This descriptive study was conducted in various health centers located in Erzurum, Turkey. The sample consisted of 268 female health workers (physicians, n=51; nurses, n=169; and midwives, n=48). Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire and the Turkish version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales (CHBMS). The mean age of participants was 31.31 (S.D.=6.89), and 49.9% of them were married. It was found that only 21.9% of the female health workers performed breast self-examination (BSE) regularly, and 12.5% of them had a mammogram. Physicians' health motivation and BSE self-efficacy perceptions were higher than the nurses and midwives. Susceptibility, health motivation to BSE, BSE benefits, BSE self-efficacy perceptions of female health workers who performed BSE were significantly higher than those who did not, and a result indicating that positive health beliefs are effective in stimulating performance of BSE of female health workers. Among the variables related with mammography, only susceptibility perceptions of female health workers who had a mammogram was significantly higher than those who had not had a mammogram. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2144849699 | Changes in smoking prevalence among first- and second-generation Turkish migrants in Germany – an analysis of the 2005 Microcensus | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2144849699 | Compared to the majority population of a host country, migrants tend to have different health risks and health behaviour. We have hypothesised that these differences diminish with time passed since migration. We tested this hypothesis by examining smoking behaviour among Turkish migrants and their children born in Germany (second-generation migrants), stratified by educational level and, for the first generation, length of residence.We estimated the prevalence of smoking based on the representative 2005 Mikrozensus, an annual survey including 1% of Germany's households. The 2005 Microcensus was the first to provide information that makes it possible to differentiate between first- and second-generation Turkish migrants. In total, 12,288 Turkish migrants and 421,635 native-born Germans were included in our study. The unit non-response is generally low (about 6% in 2005) because participation in the Microcensus is obligatory.We found the prevalence of smoking in second-generation male Turkish migrants to be lower than in the first-generation group: 47.0% of first-generation Turkish migrants with a high level of education were smokers, in contrast to only 37.6% in the second generation. Within the German reference population, 29.9% were smokers. The percentage of Turkish women in our sample who smoked was generally smaller, but was not significantly lower in the second generation. In fact, the prevalence of smoking was highest among Turkish women of the second generation with a low level of education (40.9%), similar to younger second-generation German women with the same level of education.We present the first representative data on changes in the prevalence of a risk factor for many chronic diseases among Turkish migrants in Germany. Male Turkish migrants (with a high level of education) showed a decrease over the generations while smoking prevalences of female Turkish migrants increased. In the second generation, prevalences partly converged with those of the German reference population or were even higher. Our hypothesis - that migration can be interpreted as a "health transition" - was thus partly confirmed. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2108623080 | Differences in avoidable mortality between migrants and the native Dutch in the Netherlands | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2108623080 | The quality of the healthcare system and its role in influencing mortality of migrant groups can be explored by examining ethnic variations in 'avoidable' mortality. This study investigates the association between the level of mortality from 'avoidable' causes and ethnic origin in the Netherlands and identifies social factors that contribute to this association.Data were obtained from cause of death and population registries in the period 1995-2000. We compared mortality rates for selected 'avoidable' conditions for Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese and Antillean/Aruban groups to native Dutch.We found slightly elevated risk in total 'avoidable' mortality for migrant populations (RR = 1.13). Higher risks of death among migrants were observed from almost all infectious diseases (most RR > 3.00) and several chronic conditions including asthma, diabetes and cerebro-vascular disorders (most RR > 1.70). Migrant women experienced a higher risk of death from maternity-related conditions (RR = 3.37). Surinamese and Antillean/Aruban population had a higher mortality risk (RR = 1.65 and 1.31 respectively), while Turkish and Moroccans experienced a lower risk of death (RR = 0.93 and 0.77 respectively) from all 'avoidable' conditions compared to native Dutch. Control for demographic and socioeconomic factors explained a substantial part of ethnic differences in 'avoidable' mortality.Compared to the native Dutch population, total 'avoidable' mortality was slightly elevated for all migrants combined. Mortality risks varied greatly by cause of death and ethnic origin. The substantial differences in mortality for a few 'avoidable' conditions suggest opportunities for quality improvement within specific areas of the healthcare system targeted to disadvantaged groups. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2145376756 | Factors associated with stages of cigarette smoking among Turkish youth | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2145376756 | Background: This study examines prevalence and determinants of cigarette smoking among Turkish youth and transition among smoking stages. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) obtained from 15 197 youth were used to study factors associated with various stages of cigarette smoking among Turkish youth. Results: Males and high-school students have higher odds of being susceptible to smoking compared with other non-smokers and higher odds of becoming established smokers. Exposure to parent, teacher, and peer smoking, anti-tobacco curricula, cigarette promotions, and perceived ease of access to cigarettes are all significant predictors of being susceptible to smoking and established smoking. Turkish youth who attribute positive traits to smokers are more likely to be susceptible to smoking and to become established smokers. Parental advice and media exposure to anti-tobacco messages were not significantly associated with becoming an established smoker. Conclusion: The results reveal the importance of early prevention programmes, which should begin before high school, and targeting efforts towards male students and all students who are not yet smokers but susceptible to smoking. Findings also suggest that prevention policies that challenge the cultural perceptions of smokers among Turkish youth are needed. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2137912034 | The role of international travel in the worldwide spread of multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2137912034 | From international tourists to war-displaced refugees, more people are on the move than ever before. This provides the opportunity for a variety of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to be carried from one geographic location to another. The Enterobacteriaceae are among the most important causes of serious hospital-acquired and community-onset bacterial infections in humans, and resistance to antimicrobial agents in these bacteria has become an increasingly relevant problem. International travel and tourism are important modes for the acquisition and spread of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli. Infections with KPC-, VIM-, OXA-48- and NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae in developed countries have been associated with visiting and being hospitalized in endemic areas such as the USA, Greece and Israel for KPCs, Greece for VIMs, Turkey for OXA-48, and the Indian subcontinent for NDMs. To combat the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, the French Healthcare Safety Advisory Committee recently issued national recommendations for screening and contact isolation precautions for patients transferred from, or hospitalized outside, France. For effective public and patient health interventions, it is important to understand the role of international travel in the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. We urgently need well-designed studies to evaluate the transmission potential and risks for colonization and infections due to multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae in travellers who have recently visited or have been hospitalized in endemic areas. The emergence of CTX-M-, KPC- and NDM-producing bacteria is a good example of the role that globalization plays in the rapid dissemination of new antibiotic resistance mechanisms. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1996816997 | Is there equity in access to health services for ethnic minorities in Sweden? | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996816997 | Background: This paper addresses the extent to which equity of treatment according to need, as defined by self-reported health status, is received by members of ethnic minorities in Swedish health services. Methods: The study was based on a multivariate analysis of cross-sectional data from the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions and Immigrant Survey of Living Conditions in 1996 on use of health services, morbidity and sodoeconomic indicators. The study population consisted of 1,890 Swedish residents aged 27–60 years born in Chile, Poland, Turkey and Iran and 2,452 age-matched, Swedish-bom residents. Main results: Residents born in Chile, Iran and Turkey were more likely to have consulted a physician during the 3 months prior to the interview compared to Swedish-born residents; odds ratios (ORs) 1.4 (95% Cl: 1.2–1.7), 1.3 (95% Cl: 1.1–1.7) and 1.5 (95% Cl: 1.3–1.9) respectively. The higher consultation rate in these ethnic minorities was primarily explained by a less satisfactory, self-reported hearth status compared to Swedish-born residents. Thirty-eight percent of the minority study groups reported exposure to organised violence in their country of origin, which was associated with a higher level of use of consultations with a physician (OR 1.3,95% Cl: 1.1–1.6). Conclusions: This study did not indicate any gross pattern of inequity in access to care for ethnic minorities in Sweden. Systems for allocating resources to health authorities need to consider the possibility that ethnic minorities in Sweden and in particular victims of organised violence, use health services more than is suggested by socioeconomic indicators only. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2050046599 | Unravelling the impact of ethnicity on health in Europe: the HELIUS study | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050046599 | Populations in Europe are becoming increasingly ethnically diverse, and health risks differ between ethnic groups. The aim of the HELIUS (HEalthy LIfe in an Urban Setting) study is to unravel the mechanisms underlying the impact of ethnicity on communicable and non-communicable diseases. HELIUS is a large-scale prospective cohort study being carried out in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The sample is made up of Amsterdam residents of Surinamese (with Afro-Caribbean Surinamese and South Asian-Surinamese as the main ethnic groups), Turkish, Moroccan, Ghanaian, and ethnic Dutch origin. HELIUS focuses on three disease categories: cardiovascular disease (including diabetes), mental health (depressive disorders and substance use disorders), and infectious diseases. The explanatory mechanisms being studied include genetic profile, culture, migration history, ethnic identity, socio-economic factors and discrimination. These might affect disease risks through specific risk factors including health-related behaviour and living and working conditions. Every five years, participants complete a standardized questionnaire and undergo a medical examination. Biological samples are obtained for diagnostic tests and storage. Participants’ data are linked to morbidity and mortality registries. The aim is to recruit a minimum of 5,000 respondents per ethnic group, to a total of 30,000 participants. This paper describes the rationale, conceptual framework, and design and methods of the HELIUS study. HELIUS will contribute to an understanding of inequalities in health between ethnic groups and the mechanisms that link ethnicity to health in Europe. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2887139556 | "I prefer dying fast than dying slowly", how institutional abuse worsens the mental health of stranded Syrian, Afghan and Congolese migrants on Lesbos island following the implementation of EU-Turkey deal | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2887139556 | In 2015 and early 2016, close to 1 million migrants transited through Greece, on their way to Western Europe. In early 2016, the closure of the “Balkan-route” and the EU/Turkey-deal led to a drastic reduction in the flow of migrants arriving to the Greek islands. The islands became open detention centers, where people would spend months or years under the constant fear of being returned to Turkey. Syrians were generally granted refugee status in Greece and those arrived before the 20th of March 2016 had the option of being relocated to other European countries. Afghans had some chances of being granted asylum in Greece, whilst most migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo were refused asylum. In a clinic run by Médecins sans Frontières on Lesbos Island, psychologists observed a deterioration of the migrant’s mental health (MH) since March 2016. In order to understand the MH needs for this stranded population it was essential to explore how, and by what factors, their mental health (MH) has been affected on Lesbos Island due to the EU/Turkey-deal. This was a qualitative study in which eight service providers’ interviews and 12 focus group discussions with male and female Syrian, Afghan and Congolese migrants in two refugee camps on Lesbos Island. Thematic-content analysis was manually applied and triangulation of findings was undertaken to enhance the interpretation of data. Three main themes were generated: 1) Institutional abuse, 2) Continuous traumatic stress (CTS) and 3) MH service provision. Institutional abuse was expressed by inhumane living conditions, lack of information in order to make future decisions, humiliation and depersonalization. This led to CTS that was expressed through being in a state of permanent emergency under lack of protective measures. Delays in appointments, lack of psychiatric care and differences in MH perceptions amongst migrants highlighted the provision of MH services. The EU/Turkey-deal reduced migrant flows at a very high price. Decongestion of the camps and the elimination of institutional abuse is urgently needed to reduce CTS and improve migrants’ MH. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3178342913 | Public mental health problems during COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale meta-analysis of the evidence | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3178342913 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed humans to the highest physical and mental risks. Thus, it is becoming a priority to probe the mental health problems experienced during the pandemic in different populations. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the prevalence of postpandemic mental health problems. Seventy-one published papers (n = 146,139) from China, the United States, Japan, India, and Turkey were eligible to be included in the data pool. These papers reported results for Chinese, Japanese, Italian, American, Turkish, Indian, Spanish, Greek, and Singaporean populations. The results demonstrated a total prevalence of anxiety symptoms of 32.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.10-36.30) during the COVID-19 pandemic. For depression, a prevalence of 27.60% (95% CI: 24.00-31.60) was found. Further, insomnia was found to have a prevalence of 30.30% (95% CI: 24.60-36.60). Of the total study population, 16.70% (95% CI: 8.90-29.20) experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence of anxiety (63.90%) and depression (55.40%) in confirmed and suspected patients compared with other cohorts. Notably, the prevalence of each symptom in other countries was higher than that in China. Finally, the prevalence of each mental problem differed depending on the measurement tools used. In conclusion, this study revealed the prevalence of mental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by using a fairly large-scale sample and further clarified that the heterogeneous results for these mental health problems may be due to the nonstandardized use of psychometric tools. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2139940953 | Validity of the single-item question on self-rated health status in first generation Turkish and Moroccans versus native Dutch in the Netherlands | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2139940953 | The single-item question on self-rated health has been used in many studies as a global measure of general health. It is unclear whether ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands attach the same meaning to the single-item question as the native Dutch people do.To assess the validity of using the single-item question on self-rated health in comparing health status in native Dutch with first generation Turkish and Moroccan ethnic groups in the Netherlands.The associations between self-reported chronic illnesses and self-rated health were used to examine convergent validity, and self-rated health and health care use for predictive validity using logistic regression analysis.In general, chronic illnesses were associated with fair health and poor health ratings in all the ethnic groups but there were important differences in associations between the groups. There were significant interactions between ethnicity and chronic illnesses on fair health, and poor health, independent of socio-demographical factors. There was also significant interaction between ethnicity and self-rated health on health care uses. These findings indicate that the meaning(s) attached to the single-item question differ between these ethnic groups.The study findings suggest that the use of the single-item question on self-rated health to compare native Dutch with the first generation Turkish and Moroccan ethnic groups is not valid. These findings imply that researchers need to be cautious about the interpretation of self-rated health ratings when comparing different ethnic groups. A qualitative research is needed to find out more about how these single-item ratings are being interpreted by Turkish and Moroccan elderly in the Netherlands. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2110335397 | Acculturation and use of health care services by Turkish and Moroccan migrants: a cross-sectional population-based study | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2110335397 | There is insufficient empirical evidence which shows if and how there is an interrelation between acculturation and health care utilisation. The present study seeks to establish this evidence within first generation Turkish and Moroccan migrants, two of the largest migrant groups in present-day Western Europe.Data were derived from the Amsterdam Health Monitor 2004, and were complete for 358 Turkish and 288 Moroccan foreign-born migrants. Use of health services (general practitioner, outpatient specialist and health care for mental health problems) was measured by means of self-report. Acculturation was measured by a structured questionnaire grading (i) ethnic self-identification, (ii) social interaction with ethnic Dutch, (iii) communication in Dutch within one's private social network, (iv) emancipation, and (v) cultural orientation towards the public domain.Acculturation was hardly associated with the use of general practitioner care. However, in case of higher adaptation to the host culture there was less uptake of outpatient specialist care among Turkish respondents (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-0.99) and Moroccan male respondents (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93). Conversely, there was a higher uptake of mental health care among Turkish men (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93) and women (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93). Uptake of mental health care among Moroccan respondents again appeared lower (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55-0.99). Language ability appeared to play a central role in the uptake of health care.Some results were in accordance with the popular view that an increased participation in the host society is concomitant to an increased use of health services. However, there was heterogeneity across ethnic and gender groups, and across the domains of acculturation. Language ability appeared to play a central role. Further research needs to explore this heterogeneity into more detail. Also, other cultural and/or contextual aspects that influence the use of health services require further identification. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2048578428 | Corporate Social Responsibility and Different Stages of Economic Development: Singapore, Turkey, and Ethiopia | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048578428 | The U.S. and U.K. models of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are relatively well defined. As the phenomenon of CSR establishes itself more globally, the question arises as to the nature of CSR in other countries. Is a universal model of CSR applicable across countries or is CSR specific to country context? This article uses integrative social contracts theory (ISCT) and four institutional factors – firm ownership structure, corporate governance, openness of the economy to international investment, and the role of civil society – to examine CSR in Singapore, Turkey, and Ethiopia. Field research results illustrate variation across the institutional factors and suggest that CSR is responsive to country differences. Research findings have implications for consideration of the tradeoff between global and local CSR priorities and practices. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2078620581 | Identification of Violence in Turkish Health Care Settings | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078620581 | This study sought to investigate the contributing factors to and frequency of violence against health care workers (HCWs) working in western Turkey. The population is composed of a random sample of 1,209 HCWs from 34 health care workplaces. Written questionnaires were given to HCWs at all sites, where staff were instructed to register all types of violence they had experienced. In all, 49.5% of HCWs reported having experienced verbal, physical, or verbal and physical violence, with this total being made up of 39.6% men and 60.4% women. A larger percentage (69.6%) of general practitioners reported experiencing verbal abuse and physical violence by patients and patients' family members or friends. Younger workers, inexperienced staff, and those in emergency services were more likely to report violence. Violence directed toward HCWs is a common occupational hazard. Public health authorities should plan preventive interventions based on the findings of this study. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2161102036 | AIDS knowledge and attitudes in a Turkish population: an epidemiological study | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2161102036 | The aim of this study was to investigate and present some pertinent comments concerning Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) knowledge, attitudes and misconceptions among the general population in a city of west Turkey. This study was deemed important and relevant due to the increasing importance of AIDS in Turkey and the other countries.Using a multistage area sampling method, a random sample of individuals aged 11-83 years, living in 65 different quarters in the city of Eskisehir, Turkey during September, October and November 2004 were interviewed.In all, 1048 respondents completed the survey. In most items, respondents displayed a fairly good to excellent degree of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Individuals with higher degrees of education indicated more correct responses in all items relating to knowledge of HIV/AIDS. In general, the respondents' attitudes towards AIDS and people with AIDS were found to be tolerant and positive, with one answer choice showing that the majority of the respondents agreed with the statement that those with HIV/AIDS must be supported, treated and helped (90.7%). Moreover, the proportions of the respondents' misconceptions were found to be significantly low for all the items. However, nearly one fourth of the respondents agreed with the misconceptions 'AIDS is a punishment by God' and 'One is not infected with HIV/AIDS if engaged in sport and well nourished'.In general HIV/AIDS related knowledge was high and people showed positive attitudes. However, people continue to hold misconceptions about AIDS and these need to be addressed by health education programs targeting those at higher risk. | [
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https://openalex.org/W833964476 | Workplace Violence in the Health Sector in Turkey: A National Study | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W833964476 | Violence in the workplace is an increasing occupational health concern worldwide. Health care workers are at high risk of assault. To develop, monitor, and manage prevention policies, baseline data should be available. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the current extent of workplace violence nationwide in Turkey. The study population of 12.944 health care workers was a stratified sample of all health care workers (612,639) in the country. A probabilistic sampling was made on the basis of the "multistage stratified random cluster sampling method." This study was conducted by a structured questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. The questionnaire items were adapted and translated into Turkish based on questionnaires of International Labor Organization, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, and Public Services International. The percentage of health care workers who experienced workplace violence in Turkey in the previous 12 months was 44.7%. The types of violence included physical 6.8%, verbal 43.2%, mobbing (bullying) 2.4%, and sexual harassment 1%. Multivariate analysis showed that level of health care system, type of institution, gender, occupation, age, working hours, and shift work were independent risk factors for experiencing workplace violence ( p < .05). Our study indicates that the workplace violence among health care workers is a significant problem. The results of the study can serve as the basis for future analytical studies and for development of appropriate prevention efforts. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2133286579 | MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA AND RADIOLOGICAL CHEST ABNORMALITIES IN TWO VILLAGES IN CENTRAL TURKEY | [
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https://openalex.org/W2057135645 | The health status of first- and second-generation Turkish immigrants in Germany | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057135645 | Since previous research on immigrants’ health status is rare, this study focuses on Turkish immigrants currently living in Germany and evaluates their subjective health status using relatively new data from the Generations and Gender Survey (2005/2006). The cross-sectional study includes around 10,000 German natives and 4,000 Turkish immigrants. Logistic regression models are estimated to compare the health of first- and second-generation Turkish immigrants with that of German natives. Additionally, separate models for all three groups are estimated to detect variations in the factors influencing the health status. Whereas the descriptive results indicate a worse health status, Turkish immigrants are as healthy as the native German population when different variables related to socio-economic status and coping resources are taken into account. Furthermore, Turkish immigrants in East Germany are healthier than their East German counterparts. The factors influencing the health status do not vary for the observed groups. Socio-economic status and coping resources are key determinants of the (subjective) health status of Turkish immigrants. They must be strengthened to improve immigrants’ level of health. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2942117871 | Host country responses to non-communicable diseases amongst Syrian refugees: a review | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2942117871 | Since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey have hosted large refugee populations, with a high pre-conflict burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).We aimed to describe the ways in which these three host country health systems have provided NCD services to Syrian refugees over time, and to highlight the successes and challenges they encountered.We conducted a descriptive review of the academic and grey literature, published between March 2011 and March 2017, using PubMed and Google searches complemented with documents provided by relevant stakeholders.Forty-one articles and reports met our search criteria. Despite the scarcity of systematic population-level data, these documents highlight the high burden of reported NCDs among Syrian refugees, especially amongst older adults. The three host countries utilized different approaches to the design, delivery and financing of NCD services for these refugees. In Jordan and Lebanon, Ministries of Health and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) coordinate a diverse group of health care providers to deliver health services to Syrian refugees at a subsidized cost. In Turkey, however, services are provided solely by the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), a Turkish governmental agency, with no cost to patients for primary or secondary care. Access to NCD services varied both within and between countries, with no data available from Turkey. The cost of NCD treatment is the primary barrier to accessing healthcare, with high out-of-pocket payments required for medications and secondary and tertiary care services, despite the availability of free or subsidized primary health services. Financial impediments led refugees to adopt coping strategies, including returning to Syria to seek treatment, with associated frequent treatment interruptions. These gaps were compounded by health system related barriers such as complex referral systems, lack of effective guidance on navigating the health system, limited health facility capacity and suboptimal NCD health education.As funding shortages for refugee services continue, innovative service delivery models are needed to create responsive and sustainable solutions to the NCD burden among refugees in host countries. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2109289414 | COPD uncovered: an international survey on the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] on a working age population | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2109289414 | Approximately 210 million people are estimated to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] worldwide. The burden of disease is known to be high, though less is known about those of a younger age. The aim of this study was to investigate the wider personal, economic and societal burden of COPD on a cross country working-age cohort.A cross-country [Brazil, China, Germany, Turkey, US, UK] cross-sectional survey methodology was utilised to answer the research questions. 2426 participants aged 45-67 recruited via a number of recruitment methods specific to each country completed the full survey. Inclusion criteria were a recalled physician diagnosis of COPD, a smoking history of > 10 pack years and the use of COPD medications in the previous 3 months prior to questioning. The survey included items from the validated Work Productivity and Activity Impairment [WPAI] scale and the EuroQoL 5 Dimension [EQ-5D] scale. Disease severity was measured using the 5-point MRC [Medical Research Council] dyspnoea scale as a surrogate measure.64% had either moderate [n = 1012] or severe [n = 521] COPD, although this varied by country. 75% of the cohort reported at least one comorbid condition. Quality of life declined with severity of illness [mild, mean EQ-5D score = 0.84; moderate 0.58; severe 0.41]. The annual cost of healthcare utilisation [excluding treatment costs and diagnostic tests] per individual was estimated to be $2,364 [£1,500]. For those remaining in active employment [n: 677]: lost time from work cost the individual an average of $880 [£556] per annum and lifetime losses of $7,365 [£4,661] amounting to $596,000 [£377,000] for the cohort. 447 [~40%] of the working population had retired prematurely because of COPD incurring individual estimated lifetime income losses of $316,000 [£200,000] or a combined total of $141 m [£89.6 m]. As the mean age of retirees was 58.3 and average time since retirement was 4 years, this suggests the average age of retirement is around 54. This would mean a high societal and economic impact in all study countries, particularly where typical state retirement ages are higher, for example in Brazil, Germany and the UK [65] and the US [65,66,67], compared to Turkey [58 for women, 60 for men] and China [60].Although generalisation across a broader COPD population is limited due to the varied participant recruitment methods, these data nevertheless suggest that COPD has significant personal, economic and societal burden on working age people. Further efforts to improve COPD diagnosis and management are required. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2096545317 | Brucellosis – Regionally Emerging Zoonotic Disease? | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2096545317 | To gain deeper insight into the seroprevalence of brucellosis, which remains a zoonotic disease of worldwide public health concern, by reviewing studies from countries including North Africa, the Middle East, and India.Studies on brucellosis performed in countries that are neighbors or important trading partners of the European Union and on trade animals and their products were analyzed. We reviewed 37 seroprevalence studies on brucellosis published from 1948 to 2009 retrieved from Pubmed, Google, and ScienceDirect.The set of studies was heterogeneous in the number of samples and laboratory tests used. We included studies from Algeria (n=1), Egypt (n=7), India (n=3), Iran (n=3), Iraq (n=1), Jordan (n=5), Libya (n=3), Saudi Arabia (n=3), Syria (n=1), Turkey (n=5), and Yemen (n=2). The total number of animals in these studies was 116317 (cattle 75375; buffalo 9644; sheep 10550; goats 14447; camels 6301). The prevalence of brucellosis in different animal species varied widely. Representative surveillance data have not recently been published in any of the countries.Wars in the Middle East, insufficient preventive measures, the lack of adequate control programs in some countries, as well as uncontrolled animal transportation through "open" borders increased the risk that brucellosis will spread in some regions. New seroprevalence data are needed urgently to evaluate the current situation and for continuous monitoring of necessary control programs. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2042716142 | Public acceptance potential for reuse applications in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042716142 | The water reuse applications are becoming increasingly important in Turkey due to fresh water scarcity problems. However, the success of reuse practices depends on the public's acceptance. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the public awareness, and the potential for acceptance, of reuse applications in Turkey by way of a survey carried out for this purpose. 500 questionnaires were sent to different regions of Turkey and 375 of them were returned. The study indicated that both women and men have concerns about usage of wastewater, especially regarding the use of treated wastewater as drinking water. Results also showed that the area of greatest concern among the public is the health risks associated with recycled water. Respondents of both genders felt that treated wastewater reuse for applications not involving close personal contact was acceptable, due to reduced health risk concerns. On the other hand, the cost of reclamation is another major public concern. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2086319548 | Sociocultural determinants of infant and child mortality in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086319548 | This paper is an attempt to review and integrate international and Turkish research on infant and child mortality. Recent research and multivariate analyses in African, Latin American and Asian countries have revealed that in many countries mother's education is a powerful predictor of child survival. The present review of research in Turkey has indicated that urban/rural and regional differentials in infant mortality have been clearly established as by-products of fertility, contraception, and health surveys covering nationally representative samples. However, there are only a few multivariate explanatory models of infant/child mortality in Turkey to isolate and measure the effects of mother's education in relation to other variables. Nevertheless, existing studies in Turkey seem to suggest that mother's and father's education might link socio-economic, psychocultural, and biomedical variables with each other at community, household, and individual levels, providing clues for the formulation of future research designs and policy decisions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2098785398 | Syrian refugees, between rocky crisis in Syria and hard inaccessibility to healthcare services in Lebanon and Jordan | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2098785398 | Around 3% of the world's population (n = 214 million people) has crossed international borders for various reasons. Since March 2011, Syria has been going through state of political crisis and instability resulting in an exodus of Syrians to neighbouring countries. More than 1 million Syrian refugees are residents of Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Egypt and North Africa. The international community must step up efforts to support Syrian refugees and their host governments. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2754740919 | A Meta-Analysis and an Evaluation of Trends in Obesity Prevalence among Children and Adolescents in Turkey: 1990 through 2015 | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2754740919 | Obesity in childhood and adolescence is one of the most serious public health problems due to a remarkable increase in prevalence in recent years and its close relationship with non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, resulting in increased adult morbidity and mortality. This study aims to quantify the secular trend in different regions of Turkey from 1990 to 2015 by performing a meta-analysis of childhood and adolescent obesity prevalence studies conducted.Uludag University Library Database was searched for relevant articles published prior to March 2017. The heterogeneity of the studies in the meta-analysis was tested by the I2 statistic and Cochran's Q test. The obesity trend analyses were examined by chi-square trend analysis with respect to five year periods. The statistical significance level was taken as α=0.05.A total of 76 papers were initially identified addressing childhood and adolescent obesity in Turkey. Fifty-eight papers were selected for analysis. The prevalence of obesity increased from 0.6% to 7.3% with an 11.6-fold increase between the periods 1990-1995 to 2011-2015. The prevalence of obesity increased in both genders. However, boys were more likely to be obese than girls.Studies on obesity prevalence in the 5-19 age group in Turkey have gained importance, especially in the 2000s. While a remarkable number of prevalence studies, mostly regional, have been conducted between 2005-2011, a gradual decline was observed thereafter. Further national and population-based surveys on prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents are definitely needed in Turkey. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3036555971 | Analysis coronavirus disease (COVID-19) model using numerical approaches and logistic model | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3036555971 | The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health care problem that international efforts have been suggested and discussed to control this disease. Although, there are many researches have been conducted on the basis of the clinical data and recorded infected cases, there is still scope for further research due to the fact that a number of complicated parameters are involved for future prediction. Thus, mathematical modeling with computational simulations is an important tool that estimates key transmission parameters and predicts model dynamics of the disease. In this paper, we review and introduce some models for the COVID-19 that can address important questions about the global health care and suggest important notes. We suggest three well known numerical techniques for solving such equations, they are Euler's method, Runge–Kutta method of order two (RK2) and of order four (RK4). Results based on the suggested numerical techniques and providing approximate solutions give important key answers to this global issue. Numerical results may use to estimate the number susceptible, infected, recovered and quarantined individuals in the future. The results here may also help international efforts for more preventions and improvement their intervention programs. More interestedly, for both countries, Turkey and Iraq, the basic reproduction numbers <em>R</em><sub>0</sub> have been reported recently by several groups, a research estimation by 9 April 2020 revealed that <em>R</em><sub>0</sub> for Turkey is 7.4 and for Iraq is 3.4, which are noticeably increased from the beginning of the pandemic. In addition, on the basis of WHO situation reports, the new confirmed cases in Turkey on 11 April are 5138, and in Iraq on 29 May are 416, which can be counted as the peak value from the beginning of the disease. Thus, we investigate the forecasting epidemic size for Turkey and Iraq using the logistic model. It can be concluded that the suggested model is a reasonable description of this epidemic disease. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2036366402 | Gender differences in health and health care utilisation in various ethnic groups in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036366402 | To determine gender differences in health and health care utilisation within and between various ethnic groups in the Netherlands. Data from the second Dutch National Survey of General Practice (2000–2002) were used. A total of 7,789 persons from the indigenous population and 1,512 persons from the four largest migrant groups in the Netherlands – Morocco, Netherlands Antilles, Turkey and Surinam – aged 18 years and older were interviewed. Self-reported health outcomes studied were general health status and the presence of acute (past 14 days) and chronic conditions (past 12 months). And self-reported utilisation of the following health care services was analysed: having contacted a general practitioner (past 2 months), a medical specialist, physiotherapist or ambulatory mental health service (past 12 months), hospitalisation (past 12 months) and use of medication (past 14 days). Gender differences in these outcomes were examined within and between the ethnic groups, using logistic regression analyses. In general, women showed poorer health than men; the largest differences were found for the Turkish respondents, followed by Moroccans, and Surinamese. Furthermore, women from Morocco and the Netherlands Antilles more often contacted a general practitioner than men from these countries. Women from Turkey were more hospitalised than Turkish men. Women from Morocco more often contacted ambulatory mental health care than men from this country, and women with an indigenous background more often used over the counter medication than men with an indigenous background. In general the self-reported health of women is worse compared to that of men, although the size of the gender differences may vary according to the particular health outcome and among the ethnic groups. This information might be helpful to develop policy to improve the health status of specific groups according to gender and ethnicity. In addition, in some ethnic groups, and for some types of health care services, the use by women is higher compared to that by men. More research is needed to explain these differences. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2886418448 | Financial Literacy in Developing Countries | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2886418448 | Focusing on different façades of financial well-being such as wealth accumulation and retirement planning, various determinants of financial well-being have been unearthed, and financial literacy has emerged as a crucial factor that increases financial well-being. Hence, financial literacy has been an important policy instrument to increase the financial well-being of individuals, particularly given that it is relatively easy to implement. This paper is an attempt to pave the way for such policies in a group of middle income countries, namely Mexico, Lebanon, Uruguay, Colombia and Turkey. After establishing financial literacy levels, we identify the least financially literate groups in each country to facilitate targeting of public policy. We find that women, younger adults and individuals who cannot read or write in the official language of their country of residence have lower financial literacy scores. In line with the previous findings in the literature on the developed countries, our results indicate that financial literacy increases with education. We also show that it is not only the years of education, but also the quality. In Mexico and Turkey, there are large regional differences that must be addressed. We also find that differences in financial literacy across countries persist even when differences in structural characteristics are taken into account. A partial explanation may be provided by differences in financial inclusion. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2172179590 | EDUCATION FOR EXPECTANT FATHERS IN WORKPLACES IN TURKEY | [
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| []
| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2172179590 | Worldwide, there is increasing recognition that if family and reproductive health programmes are to be successful, the involvement of men is essential. As part of the problem, men also have to be seen as part of the solution. The reality is that in many countries, including Turkey, men generally do not accompany their partners to health facilities for family planning, antenatal and postnatal services and are not expected to attend the labour or birth of their child. Workplace programmes are a potential strategy for meeting the reproductive health education needs of men in industrial cities such as Istanbul. This intervention study was developed to test the feasibility and effects of expanding a special programme for expectant fathers to large workplaces in Istanbul, with the aim of improving the health of Turkish families during the pregnancy, birth and newborn periods. The findings indicate that it is possible to train workplace physicians in Istanbul to conduct regular educational programmes for expectant fathers on reproductive health, and that such programmes may have beneficial effects, especially in the areas of pregnancy nutrition, exclusive breast-feeding, and support behaviours. Considering the difficulty of getting men to attend hospital or clinic-based educational programmes in large urban areas, bringing such training programmes to men at their places of work has the potential to be an important strategy. Given that large workplaces in Turkey already have full-time physicians charged with the duty of health education for employees, this is also a feasible strategy. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2115993285 | Job satisfaction of health care staff employed at health centres in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2115993285 | The objective of the study was to identify job satisfaction levels and their causes among health care workers employed at public health centres. A survey was therefore carried out of health care workers in 21 health centres in Konya, Turkey. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to investigate job satisfaction. The satisfaction score and proportion of those satisfied were determined according to demographic features. The percentage of satisfied health care workers was 60% and the satisfaction score was 3.8 ± 0.5. Midwives had the lowest satisfaction scores. Working environment and income were the most important factors for dissatisfaction. There was no correlation between global satisfaction and other demographic variables. These results showed that the health care workers at public health centres in the province have low satisfaction scores. Improving working conditions and income may improve the overall quality of health care provision. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1998667638 | Health Promoting Behaviors and Factors related to Lifestyle among Turkish Workers and Occupational Health Nurses' Responsibilities in their Health Promoting Activities | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998667638 | The purposes of this study were to describe health-promotion lifestyle profile of 264 Turkish workers, to determine the factors which affect their lifestyle and to describe occupational health nurses' responsibilities in their health promoting activities to compare their profile with those published from other studies using Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. This is a descriptive study. Study was conducted in a food industry. 530 workers are working in this workplace. Approximately fifty percent of the workers participated in this study. The convenience sample composed of 264 workers. Data were collected using a questionnaire about socio-demographic features developed by the investigators and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile developed by Walker et al. Subscales with the highest means in this study were interpersonal support and self-actualization. Compared to workers reported from other studies, Turkish workers got low scores of self-actualization, nutrition, interpersonal support and stress management. There was no statistically significant difference between total scores and gender, marital status and education. However, there was a statistically significant difference between age and exercise and nutrition. Moreover, as income increased, so did health promoting behaviors. There was a statistically significant difference between perceived health status and importance placed on health and overall health promoting life style and each health promoting behavior. It is important that occupational health nurses identify health behaviors, perceived health status and cultural aspects likely to affect health behaviors among workers. Thus, they may develop effective tools to protect and promote workers' health. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2105288546 | Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Turkey | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C190385971"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2105288546 | Objective: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are one of the leading causes of global deaths, contributing to 1.3 million lives lost each year. Although all regions are affected, low- and middle-income countries share a disproportionate burden. The significance of this public health threat is growing in Turkey, where current estimates show that 2.0 percent of all deaths in the country are due to RTIs. Despite the significance of this growing epidemic, data pertaining to RTIs in Turkey are limited. In order to address the gap in knowledge, this article presents an overview of the epidemiology of RTIs in Turkey through an analysis of available secondary data sets and a comprehensive review of scientifically published studies. Methods: A literature review was performed during December 2010 using PubMed, Embase, and ISIS Web of Knowledge databases and Google search engines. Peer-reviewed literature pertaining to Turkey and RTIs were selected for screening. Secondary data were also procured with assistance from Turkish colleagues through an exploration of data sources pertaining to RTIs in Turkey. Results: The literature review yielded a total of 70 studies with publication years ranging from 1988 to 2010. Secondary data sources were procured from the ministries of Health and Interior as well as the Turkish Statistical Institute. These data sources focus primarily on crashes, injuries, and fatalities (crash rate of 1328.5 per 100,000 population; injury rate of 257.9 per 100,000 population; fatality rate of 5.9 per 100,000). Risk factor data surrounding road safety are limited. Conclusion: The findings reveal the significant burden that RTIs pose on the health of the Turkish population. The introduction of new technologies such as the novel digital recording systems in place to record pre-hospital services and Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of road traffic crashes by the police have allowed for a more accurate picture of the burden of RTIs in Turkey. There are, however, some considerable gaps and limitations within the data systems. Incorporation of standardized definitions, regular data audits, and timely review of collated data will improve the utility of RTI data and allow it to be used for policy influence. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2501761880 | The prevalence and impact of risk factors for ethnic differences in loneliness | [
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"display_name": "Fatima El Fakiri",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776893239"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435"
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{
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2501761880 | Previous studies have demonstrated that loneliness is more frequently present in citizens of ethnic minority groups than in natives. The current study investigates whether ethnic differences in emotional and social loneliness between Moroccan, Turkish, Surinamese and Dutch adults living in the Netherlands are due to ethnic differences in the presence and/or impact of an array of possible risk factors, such as partnership, health and socioeconomic status.The data were collected in 2012 as a part of a general health questionnaire of the Public Health Services in the four major cities of the Netherlands, containing 20.047 Dutch, 1.043 Moroccan, 1.197 Turkish and 1.900 Surinamese respondents.Structural equation models showed that ethnic differences in emotional and social loneliness can be ascribed to ethnic differences in the prevalence and impact of several risk factors. Main findings were that all three ethnic minority groups reported feeling less healthy and more discriminated against than the Dutch group, which was related to increased loneliness. Perceived financial difficulties and people in the neighbourhood not getting along had more impact on feelings of loneliness for the Turkish group than loneliness for the other ethnic groups. Furthermore, members of the Turkish group were found more at risk to feel anxious or depressed, which was in turn related to increased loneliness.Policy makers are encouraged to develop multifaceted prevention strategies concerning those risk factors that are most changeable, thereby focusing per risk factor on those ethnic groups for which it is an important contribution to loneliness. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2773554224 | Cohort profile: the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2773554224 | Ethnic minority groups usually have a more unfavourable disease risk profile than the host population. In Europe, ethnic inequalities in health have been observed in relatively small studies, with limited possibilities to explore underlying causes. The aim of the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study is to investigate the causes of (the unequal burden of) diseases across ethnic groups, focusing on three disease categories: cardiovascular diseases, mental health and infectious diseases.The HELIUS study is a prospective cohort study among six large ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Between 2011 and 2015, a total 24 789 participants (aged 18-70 years) were included at baseline. Similar-sized samples of individuals of Dutch, African Surinamese, South-Asian Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan origin were included. Participants filled in an extensive questionnaire and underwent a physical examination that included the collection of biological samples (biobank).Data on physical, behavioural, psychosocial and biological risk factors, and also ethnicity-specific characteristics (eg, culture, migration history, ethnic identity, socioeconomic factors and discrimination) were collected, as were measures of health outcomes (cardiovascular, mental health and infections). The first results have confirmed large inequalities in health between ethnic groups, such as diabetes and depressive symptoms, and also early markers of disease such as arterial wave reflection and chronic kidney disease, which can only just partially be explained by inequalities in traditional risk factors, such as obesity and socioeconomic status. In addition, the first results provided important clues for targeting prevention and healthcare.HELIUS will be used for further research on the underlying causes of ethnic differences in health. Follow-up data will be obtained by repeated measurements and by linkages with existing registries (eg, hospital data, pharmacy data and insurance data). | [
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https://openalex.org/W1691246397 | Parental educational level and cardiovascular disease risk factors in schoolchildren in large urban areas of Turkey: Directions for public health policy | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1691246397 | It is widely accepted that the development of atherosclerosis starts at an early age. However, there are very few studies evaluating the prevalence of the common clinical and behavioral cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among children, especially in developing countries. The aim of the present cross-sectional survey was to evaluate the distribution of blood lipid profile and various behavioral (i.e. dietary habits, physical activity status) factors related to CVD risk and its relationships to paternal (PEL) and maternal educational level (MEL) among primary schoolchildren in Turkey. In three major metropolises in Turkey (Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir), a random sample of 1044 children aged 12 and 13 years old was examined. ANOVA was applied to evaluate the tested hypothesis, after correcting for multiple comparisons (Tukey correction). After controlling for energy and fat intake, physical activity status and Body Mass Index (BMI), it was found that mostly PEL had a significant positive effect for most of the subgroups examined (Lower vs. Higher and Medium vs. Higher) on TC and HDL-cholesterol and a negative effect on TC/HDL ratio for both genders. Furthermore, both boys and girls with higher PEL and MEL were found to have higher energy intake derived from fat and protein than their counterparts with Medium and Lower PEL and MEL, while the opposite was observed for the percentage of energy derived from carbohydrates. Our study provides indications for a possible association between an adverse lipid profile, certain dietary patterns and Higher PEL and MEL among schoolchildren in Turkey. These findings underline the possible role of social status, indicated by the degree of education of both parents, in developing certain health behaviors and health indices among Turkish children and provide some guidance for Public Health Policy. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2062500547 | How immigrants adapt their smoking behaviour: comparative analysis among Turkish immigrants in Germany and the Netherlands | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2062500547 | Smoking behaviour among immigrants is assumed to converge to that of the host country's majority population with increasing duration of stay. We compared smoking prevalence among Turkish immigrants residing in two different countries (Germany (DE)/the Netherlands (NL)) between and within countries by time spent in Turkey and DE/NL.The German 2009 micro-census and the Dutch POLS database (national survey, 1997-2004) were analysed. An interaction variable with dichotomised length of stay (LOS) in Turkey (age: 0-17; 18+) and categorised LOS in the host country (immigration year: 1979 and earlier, 1980-1999, 2000-2009; the latter only for Germany) was generated. Age standardised smoking prevalences and sex-specific logistic regression models were calculated.6,517 Turkish participants were identified in Germany, 2,106 in the Netherlands. Age-standardised smoking prevalences were higher among Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands compared to those in Germany: 62.3% vs. 53.1% (men/lower education); 30.6% vs. 23.0% (women/lower education). A similar trend was observed for the majority population of both countries. The chance of being a smoker was lower among Turkish men with short LOS in Turkey and middle LOS in Germany/the Netherlands compared to those with short LOS in Turkey and long LOS in Germany/the Netherlands (NL: OR = 0.57[95% CI = 0.36-0.89]; DE: OR = 0.73[95% CI = 0.56-0.95]). Contrary to that, the chance of being a smoker was higher among Turkish men with long LOS in Turkey and middle LOS in Germany/the Netherlands compared to those with long LOS in Turkey and long LOS in Germany/the Netherlands (NL: OR = 1.35[95% CI = 0.79-2.33]; DE: OR = 1.44[95% CI = 1.03-2.02]). The effects for Turkish women were similar, but smaller and often non-significant.Turkish immigrants adapt their smoking behaviour towards that of the Dutch/German majority population with increasing duration of stay. This was particularly obvious among those who left Turkey before the age of 18 years - a group that needs tailored interventions to prevent further increases in smoking. Those who left Turkey as adults and spent a short time in the host countries show 'imported' smoking patterns. A limitation of this study is the use of cross-sectional data: a cohort effect cannot be ruled out. Our findings have to be confirmed with longitudinal data. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1991023981 | Evaluation of the use of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data for developing evidence-based tobacco control policies in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991023981 | The tobacco control effort in Turkey has made significant progress in recent years. Turkey initiated its tobacco control effort with the passing of Law 4207 (The Prevention of Harmful Effects of Tobacco Products) in 1996 and ratified the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004. It is important to base policy decisions on valid and reliable evidence from population-based, representative studies that are periodically repeated to enable policy makers to monitor the results of their interventions and to appropriately tailor anti-tobacco activities towards future needs. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to track tobacco use among young people and enhance the capacity of countries to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco control and prevention programs. Turkey conducted the GYTS in 2003 and data from this survey can be used as baseline measures for evaluation of the tobacco control programs implemented by the Ministry of Health (MOH) of the Turkish government. The GYTS was conducted in 2003 on a representative sample of students aged 13 to 15 years. It indicated that almost 3 in 10 students in Turkey had ever smoked cigarettes, with significantly higher rates among boys. Current cigarette smoking rates were lower, at 9% for boys and 4% for girls. The prevalence of current use of other tobacco products was about half these figures for each gender. About 80% were exposed to secondhand smoke. Exposure to pro-smoking media messages was not rare. Almost half of the smokers 'usually' bought their tobacco from a store, despite the law prohibiting this. Exposure to teaching against smoking in schools was not universal. Findings from the GYTS, with periodic repeats of the survey, can be used to monitor the impact of enforcing various provisions of the present law (No: 4207), the progress made in achieving the goals of the WHO FCTC, and the effectiveness of various preventive interventions against smoking. Such data would inform and help in the development of public health strategy. | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1903488449 | Obesity is a major public health problem affecting an important proportion of the Turkish population. The prevalence of obesity has significantly increased among adult Turkish population over the past 20 years. In 1990, 18.8% of the adult population was obese (28.5% among women and 9% among men), and the prevalence increased to 36% in 2010 (44% among women and 27% among men). From the data, we found that the prevalence of obesity in Turkey has increased steadily from 1990 to 2010 in both genders. Adult obesity-associated risk factors are age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking cessation, alcohol consumption, high household income, low education level and physical activity, occupation, marital status and a family of selected medical conditions (e.g. obesity, diabetes and hypertension). To control obesity, necessary precautions should urgently be taken. The precautions include serious public health education encouraging a well-balanced diet and increasing physical activity. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2105516867 | Awareness, knowledge and self-reported test rates regarding Hepatitis B in Turkish-Dutch: a survey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2105516867 | Hepatitis B virus infection is an important health problem in the Turkish community in the Netherlands. To prevent transmission and progression of the disease in this community, increased screening is necessary. This study aimed to determine 1) the levels of awareness and knowledge regarding hepatitis B, comparing these in tested and non-tested Turkish-Dutch in Rotterdam; 2) the self-reported hepatitis B test status in this population, and how this is related to demographic characteristics, knowledge and awareness. We conducted a postal survey amongst first and second generation migrants, aged 16 - 40 years. The response rate was 30.2% (n = 355 respondents). Levels of awareness and knowledge regarding hepatitis B were low, as the majority of respondents (73%) never thought about the disease and 58% of the respondents scored 5 or less out of ten knowledge items. Weighted analysis of self-reports showed a test rate of 15%, and a vaccination rate of 3%. Regression analysis showed that having been tested for hepatitis B was related to being married and higher levels of awareness and knowledge. This study shows low levels of hepatitis B awareness and knowledge in the Turkish community in Rotterdam. Self-reported test rates are lower in people who are not currently married, and in those who have low levels of awareness and knowledge. Especially, knowledge about the consequences of hepatitis B, such as liver cancer, was lacking. Therefore, a health promotion intervention should foremost raise awareness, and increase knowledge on the seriousness of this disease. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3016771373 | COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016771373 | Our first COVID-19 case in Turkey was a 44-year-old male who referred to the hospital on March 9, 2020. The first related death occurred on March 17, 2020. Preparedness for the pandemic has been ongoing before the first case was detected. The National Pandemic Plan was published in 2006. The Pandemic Influenza National Preparedness Plan was available after being updated in light of experiences gained during the 2009 Influenza A pandemic. Accordingly, Pandemic Coordination Boards and Operation Centers have been established on the national and provincial levels. This was an adaptable plan to the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). We formed teams to work on a 24/7 basis and established a Scientific Committee at the Public Health Emergency Operation Center within the General Directorate of Public Health. "COVID-19 Risk Assessment", "COVID-19 Guideline" and "Case Report Form", regulations of personal protective equipment along with need-based guidelines, treatment algorithms, brochures and related documents have been released. For the case-based follow-up, Public Health Management System (HSYS) is being used. PCR and rapid diagnostic kits are being used to analyze the samples at the central Microbiology Reference Laboratory and the authorized laboratories in several provinces. Various preventive measures were implemented including flight restrictions to certain countries, gradually expanded to suspending all flights and prohibiting the entry of foreign nationals, 14-day isolation and symptom monitoring for those that came from countries under risk. Persons with chronic diseases have been granted an administrative leave, on campus education at schools and activities of public rest and entertainment areas were temporarily suspended. The measures have been implemented for penitentiary institutions, dormitories, nursing homes, public transport and intercity buses, and also weekend curfews are implemented. In accordance with the pandemic plan, actions have been carried out with a multi-sectoral approach, and preventive measures have been implemented to cover the society as a whole. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2002034511 | Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077695577 | Climatic, environmental and economic changes, as well as the steadily increasing global trade and personal mobility provide ample opportunities for emerging pathogens with zoonotic potential to spread to previously unaffected countries. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is considered to be one of the major emerging disease threats spreading to and within the European Union following an expanding distribution of its main vector, ticks of the genus Hyalomma. Every year more than 1000 human CCHF cases are reported from countries of southeastern Europe and Turkey. CCHFV can cause high case fatality rates and can be transmitted from human to human. There are no vaccine prophylaxis and therapeutic interventions available at present. Several EU-funded research projects focus currently on CCHFV which highlights the awareness for this problem at the European level. As public health deals with questions of prevention on a population level rather than healing and health on an individual level, the analysis of existing data plays a fundamental role to minimize its epidemic potential, by reducing infection risks, and to manage disease outbreaks. This review gives a summary of the current knowledge and data with focus at the interface between public health and CCHFV. Based on this knowledge, guidelines for the risk classification of a region and for outbreak prevention are given. This review will assist decision makers and public health authorities in understanding risk scenarios and in deciding on effective countermeasures, as well as human and veterinary scientists by highlighting existing gaps in knowledge. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1993864651 | A snapshot of the organization and provision of primary care in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993864651 | This WHO study aimed to support Turkey in its efforts to strengthen the primary care (PC) system by implementing the WHO Primary Care Evaluation Tool (PCET). This article provides an overview of the organization and provision of primary care in Turkey. The WHO Primary Care Evaluation Tool was implemented in two provinces (Bolu and Eskişehir) in Turkey in 2007/08. The Tool consists of three parts: a national questionnaire concerning the organisation and financing of primary care; a questionnaire for family doctors; and a questionnaire for patients who visit a family health centre. Primary care has just recently become an official health policy priority with the introduction of a family medicine scheme. Although the supply of family doctors (FDs) has improved, they are geographically uneven distributed, and nationwide shortages of primary care staff remain. Coordination of care could be improved and quality control mechanisms were lacking. However, patients were very satisfied with the treatment by FDs. The study provides an overview of the current state of PC in Turkey for two provinces with newly introduced family medicine, by using a structured approach to evaluate the essential functions of PC, including governance, financing, resource generation, as well as the characteristics of a "good" service delivery system (as being accessible, comprehensive, coordinated and continuous). | [
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https://openalex.org/W2127225807 | Knowledge, Behavior and Beliefs Related to Cervical Cancer and Screening Among Turkish Women | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2127225807 | Objective: The aims of this study were to explore Turkish women's knowledge, behavior and beliefs related to cervical cancer and screening. Methods: The study was performed in two cities in the East of Turkey between September 2009 and April 2010, with a sampling group of 387 women. Data were collected by means of an interview form with the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test - Turkish Version. Results: Women in the research group were found to have poor knowledge, inadequate health behavior and low/medium level false beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening. There was relation between health beliefs and characteristics of women and particularly education (F = 10.80, p = 0.01). Similarly, it was found that Pap smear barriers were influenced by demographic characteristics and that women with low-level education (p = 0.001), divorced women (p = 0.05), women with low-income(p = 0.05), women who gave their first birth when they were 18 or younger (p = 0.05) and women not applying any contraceptive method at all (p = 0.01) were determined to have negative Pap smear barriers. Conclusions: Primarily the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of women in the target group should be evaluated to increase their participation in cervical cancer screening and to prepare effective education strategies. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2089008856 | Impact of pharmaceutical promotion on prescribing decisions of general practitioners in Eastern Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089008856 | Abstract Background Commercial sources of information are known to have greater influence than scientific sources on general practitioners' (GPs) prescribing behavior in under developed and developing countries. The study aimed to determine the self-reported impact of pharmaceutical promotion on the decision-making process of prescription of GPs in Eastern Turkey. Methods A cross-sectional, exploratory survey was performed among 152 GPs working in the primary health centers and hospitals in Erzurum province of Eastern Turkey in 2006. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used. The questionnaire included questions regarding sociodemographics, number of patients per day, time per patient, frequency of sales representative visits to GPs, participation of GPs in training courses on prescribing (in-service training, drug companies), factors affecting prescribing decision, reference sources concerning prescribing and self-reported and self-rated effect of the activities of sales representatives on GPs prescribing decisions. Results Of 152 subjects, 53.3% were male and 65.8% were working at primary health care centers, respectively. Mean patient per day was 58.3 ± 28.8 patients per GP. For majority of the GPs (73.7%), the most frequent resource used in case of any problems in prescribing process was drug guides of pharmaceutical companies. According to self-report of the GPs, their prescribing decisions were affected by participation in any training activity of drug companies, frequent visits by sales representatives, high number of patient examinations per day and low year of practice (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that for the majority of the GPs, primary reference sources concerning prescribing was commercial information provided by sales representatives of pharmaceutical companies, which were reported to be highly influential on their decision-making process of prescribing by GPs. Since this study was based on self-report, the influence reported by the GPs may have been underestimated. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2766411088 | Turkey National Mesothelioma Surveillance and Environmental Asbestos Exposure Control Program | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2766411088 | Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an important health problem due to ongoing asbestos exposure. Environmental asbestos exposure leads to a high risk of MM in Turkey. The Turkish Mesothelioma Working Group and the Turkish Public Health Institute designed and performed the Turkey National Mesothelioma Surveillance and Environmental Asbestos Exposure Control Program (TUNMES-EAECP). The aim of this study was to analyze the results of the TUNMES-EAECP. Patients diagnosed with MM (code C45.0–C45.9) between 2008 and 2012 were identified. The “from case to the field” method was used to determine the villages with current or previous asbestos exposure. Special public health teams took soil samples from these villages, which were then examined using an X-ray diffractometer. Direct Standardized Average Annual Mesothelioma Incidence Rate (AMIR) and relative risk (RR) of MM were calculated. Finally, a projection on the incidence of MM between 2013 and 2033 was made. The number of confirmed MM cases was 5617 with a male to female ratio of 1.36. Mean age was 61.7 ± 13.4 (20–96) years. The median survival was eight (95% CI 7.6–8.4) months. Asbestos exposure continues in 379 villages, with 158,068 people still living in high risk areas. The standardized AMIR was 2.33/100,000 per year. The risk of MM was higher in males, in both sexes over the age of 40, in asbestos-containing provinces, and in those where the TUNMES was organized. Among the population with continuing asbestos exposure in rural areas, the number of MM cases between 2013 and 2033 was estimated as 2511. As such, the incidence of MM in Turkey is as high as in industrialized countries. Asbestos exposure in rural areas continues to be a serious problem in Turkey, which obviates the necessity for effective preventive measures. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1518823813 | Vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination in a district of Istanbul | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1518823813 | Abstract Background In order to control and eliminate the vaccine preventable diseases it is important to know the vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination. The primary objective of this study was to determine the complete vaccination rate; the reasons for non-vaccination and the predictors that influence vaccination of children. The other objective was to determine coverage of measles vaccination of the Measles Immunization Days (MID) 2005 for children aged 9 month to 6 years in a region of Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey. Methods A '30 × 7' cluster sampling design was used as the sampling method. Thirty streets were selected at random from study area. Survey data were collected by a questionnaire which was applied face to face to parents of 221 children. A Chi-square test and logistic regression was used for the statistical analyses. Content analysis method was used to evaluate the open-ended questions. Results The complete vaccination rate for study population was 84.5% and 3.2% of all children were totally non-vaccinated. The siblings of non-vaccinated children were also non-vaccinated. Reasons for non-vaccination were as follows: being in the village and couldn't reach to health care services; having no knowledge about vaccination; the father of child didn't allow vaccination; intercurrent illness of child during vaccination time; missed opportunities like not to shave off a vial for only one child. In logistic regression analysis, paternal and maternal levels of education and immigration time of both parents to Istanbul were found to influence whether children were completely vaccinated or non-vaccinated. Measles vaccination coverage during MID was 79.3%. Conclusion Efforts to increase vaccination coverage should take reasons for non-vaccination into account. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2075453387 | Ethnic differences in the effect of environmental stressors on blood pressure and hypertension in the Netherlands | [
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https://openalex.org/W2032810522 | Post abortion family planning counseling as a tool to increase contraception use | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032810522 | Abstract Background To describe the impact of the post-abortion family planning counseling in bringing about the contraceptive usage in women who had induced abortion in a family planning clinic. Method The Diyarbakir Office of Turkish Family Planning Association (DTFPA) is a nonprofit and nongovernmental organization which runs a family planning clinic to serve the lower socio-economic populations, in Diyarbakir-Turkey. Post abortion counseling is introduced by using proper communication skills and with using appropriate methods to women. In this study we introduced contraceptive usage of women who had induced abortion one year ago and followed by DTFPA's clinic. Results 55.3% of our clients were not using contraceptive methods before abortion. At the end of the one year, 75.9% of our followed-up clients revealed that they were using one of the modern contraceptive methods. There was no woman with IUD before induced abortion. At the end of one year 124 (52.3%) women had IUD. "A modern method was introduced immediately after abortion" was the most important factor increasing modern method usage. Conclusion Our results advocate that post-abortion counseling may be an effective tool to increase the usage of contraceptives. Improved and more qualified post-abortion family planning counseling should be an integral part of abortion services. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2212219418 | Effect of the Syrian Civil War on Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey | [
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"Turkey",
"Syria"
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| [
"https://openalex.org/W1596666848",
"https://openalex.org/W1894181283",
"https://openalex.org/W1981764395",
"https://openalex.org/W2000999825",
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2212219418 | BACKGROUND:Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-mediated skin disease, characterized by chronic wounds on the skin and caused by macrophages in protozoan parasites. It is an endemic disease in the southern and southeastern Anatolia region and is still an important public health problem in Turkey. Because of the civil war in Syria, immigrants to this region in the last 3 years have begun to more frequently present with this disease. The aim of this study was to draw attention to the dramatic increase in new cases with CL after the beginning of the civil war in Syria. MATERIAL AND METHODS:In this retrospective study, we evaluated demographic, epidemiological, and clinical features of 110 patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis who were admitted to the Department of Dermatology at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine between January 2011 and June 2014. RESULTS:A total of 110 patients included in the study; 50 (45%) were males, and 60 (55%) were females. The age range of the study group was 1–78 years, and the infection was more prevalent in the 0–20 year age group. Of these patients, 76 (69%) were Syrian refugees living in tent camps and 34 (31%) were Turkish citizens. The majority of the cases were diagnosed between October and December. CONCLUSIONS:Immigrations to endemic regions of Turkey from neighbouring countries where CL incidence is higher may lead to large increases in case numbers. In order to decrease the risk of exposure, housing conditions of the refugees must be improved, routine health controls must be performed, effective measures must be set in place for vector control, and infected individuals must be diagnosed and treated to prevent spread of the infection. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1725287333 | The comparative burden of salmonellosis in the European Union member states, associated and candidate countries | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1725287333 | Salmonella is an infectious agents causing numerous cases of illness each year, and thereby having significant economic impact. Using returning Swedish travellers we estimated the burden of salmonellosis in different European countries.From the Swedish database on notifiable communicable diseases 15,864 cases with travel-associated salmonellosis acquired in Europe from 1997-2003 were retrieved. These cases were compared to a dataset from the same years on 14,171 randomly selected Swedish residents, with a history of recent overnight travel in Europe. Distribution of salmonellosis in returning travellers and the distribution of Salmonella Enteritidis was analysed for different member states in the European Union, associated and candidate countries. The risk of being notified with a salmonella infection after return from each European country/region was calculated, and compared with official reporting data rom these countries. Using Norway as reference country, we could 1) construct comparable incidence estimates and 2) calculate the "under-reporting" in each country compared to Norway.The highest burden of salmonellosis was estimated for Bulgaria (2741/100,000), followed by Turkey with 2344/100,000 and Malta with 2141/100,000. S. Enteritidis is the dominating serotype, 66.9 % of all cases and phage type 4 accounts for 37.5 % of the S. Enteritidis cases.Using returning tourists as a sentinel population can provide a useful base for comparison of disease burdens in different countries/regions. Focusing prevention of salmonellosis to prevention of egg and poultry associated S. Enteritidis infection will have a major impact from a public health perspective and will significantly lower the burden of disease in most European countries. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2269778582 | Transforming Turkey's Health System — Lessons for Universal Coverage | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2269778582 | In 2003, Turkey embarked on ambitious health system reform to overcome major inequities in health outcomes and to protect all citizens against financial risk. Within 10 years, it had achieved universal health coverage and notable improvements in outcomes and equity. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2079899051 | Linking Advertising, Materialism, and Life Satisfaction | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079899051 | This paper develops theory related to advertising, materialism, and life satisfaction by formally testing explanations related to the antecedents and consequences of materialism. Survey data were collected from seven major cities each in a different country (Australia, Bosnia/Herzegovina, Germany, Egypt, Korea, Turkey, and the USA) using a probability sample (cluster sampling method involving income stratification). The results showed that the extent to which advertising is perceived to be materialistic contributes to materialism. Materialism, in turn, leads to the frequent use of various standards of comparison in making judgments about standard of living. As judgments about standard of living increase, standard of living is evaluated more negatively. In turn, negative self-evaluations contribute significantly to dissatisfaction with life. | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2606956625 | National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015.We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time.Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0-42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2-55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015.This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2050863124 | Psychosocial burden of β-thalassaemia major in Antalya, south Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050863124 | β-thalassaemia is a recessively inherited blood disorder characterised by chronic anaemia. It requires monthly blood transfusions and regular iron chelation. Thousands of affected children are born annually and the magnitude of the problem is most severe in developing countries. Ninety-nine children and 32 adults with thalassaemia major, and 112 parents of patients were interviewed in Antalya, south Turkey, using specifically designed questionnaires to evaluate psychosocial burden. The education of most of the thalassaemic children of school age (60%) was affected, mainly due to having to attend hospital for investigation and transfusions. A high level of parental anxiety (82%) was reported. Nearly half of the families (47%) had employment and financial problems as a result of thalassaemia, yet there was a low level of marital breakdown (1.8%). A substantial majority (93%) of the parental couples would have chosen to terminate an affected pregnancy if they had known that the foetus had thalassaemia major. The results reflect the need for a national policy for public education and screening of thalassaemia in Turkey in order to offer prenatal diagnosis for all families at risk of homozygous thalassaemia. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2009181148 | The prevalence of Behçet’s disease above the age of 10 years The results of a pilot study conducted at the Park Primary Health Care Center in Ankara, Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009181148 | The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Behçet's disease above the age of 10 years by means of a population-based study.The epidemiological investigation (cross-sectional study) was made between May 1997 and May 1998 at the Park Primary Health Care Center, which is one of the education and research divisions of the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University. The research aimed to cover all 17,256 (49.2% male, 50.8% female) inhabitants over 10 years of age living in this area. The screening team first surveyed and selected patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. These patients were further examined, free of charge, in the Preventive Ophthalmology Unit of the Public Health Center, at Ibni Sina Hospital's Behçet Center or in other clinics if necessary. In this study the International Study Group For Behçet's disease Criteria were used.As the final result of the screening, 11 female and 5 male patients with Behçet's disease were found (female/male = 2.2). These patients represented 9 already known and 7 newly diagnosed cases of Behçet's disease. The prevalence of Behçet's disease over 10 years of age is 0.11%.The existing regional prevalance studies conducted in Turkey have indicated that the real number of Behçet's patients in our country is markedly higher than the number of registered patients. Therefore the National Behçet's Disease Commity and Surveillance System was founded by our research group in December 1999. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2102666888 | The health sector reforms and the efficiency of public hospitals in Turkey: provincial markets | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2102666888 | Background: Turkey initiated the ‘Health Transformation Programme’ (HTP) in 2003 to align its health care system with the European Union and OECD countries. This study investigates the impact of these reforms on the efficiency of public hospitals. Our study would contribute to the existing literature with a comprehensive analysis of the health system in a developing country. Methods: We employ the data envelopment approach and the Malmquist index to comparatively examine before and after the reform years. Our analyses compare the performances of public hospitals served in provincial markets. Inputs of number of beds, number of primary care physician, and number of specialists, and how they are used to produce outputs of inpatient discharges, outpatient visits and surgical operations are investigated. Indeed, as the performance indicators dead rate, hospital bed occupation rate and average length of stay are considered. Results: The HTP was generally successful in boosting productivity due to advancements in technology and technical efficiency but in the socio-economically disadvantaged provinces productivity gains have not been achieved. The average technical efficiency gains took place because of the significantly improved scale efficiencies, as the average pure technical efficiency slightly improved. Lastly, the hospital performance indicators have not improved in the short run. Conclusion: It appears that the expected benefits from the health reforms in Turkey have been partially achieved in the short run. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2005069449 | Overweight at age two years in a multi-ethnic cohort (ABCD study): the role of prenatal factors, birth outcomes and postnatal factors | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2005069449 | Childhood overweight/obesity is a major public health problem worldwide which disproportionally affects specific ethnic groups. Little is known about whether such differences already exist at an early age and which factors contribute to these ethnic differences. Therefore, the present study assessed possible ethnic differences in overweight at age 2 years, and the potential explanatory role of prenatal factors, birth outcomes and postnatal factors.Data were derived from a multi-ethnic cohort in the Netherlands (the ABCD study). Weight and height data of 3,156 singleton infants at age 2 years were used. Five ethnic populations were distinguished: Dutch native (n = 1,718), African descent (n = 238), Turkish (n = 162), Moroccan (n = 245) and other non-Dutch (n = 793). Overweight status was defined by the International Obesity Task Force guidelines. The explanatory role of prenatal factors, birth outcomes and postnatal factors in ethnic disparities in overweight (including obesity) was assessed by logistic regression analysis.Compared to the native Dutch (7.1%), prevalence of overweight was higher in the Turkish (19.8%) and Moroccan (16.7%) group, whereas the prevalence was not increased in the African descent (9.2%) and other non-Dutch (8.8%) group. Although maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index partly explained the ethnic differences, the odds ratio (OR) of being overweight remained higher in the Turkish (OR: 2.66; 95%CI: 1.56-4.53) and Moroccan (OR: 2.11; 95%CI: 1.31-3.38) groups after adjusting for prenatal factors. The remaining differences were largely accounted for by weight gain during the first 6 months of life (postnatal factor). Maternal height, birth weight and gender were independent predictors for overweight at age 2 years, but did not explain the ethnic differences.Turkish and Moroccan children in the Netherlands have 2- to 3-fold higher odds for being overweight at age 2 years, which is largely attributed to maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain during the first 6 months of life. Further study on the underlying factors of this early weight gain is required to tackle ethnic differences in overweight among these children. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2136480829 | A Controlled-Study of Preventive Effects of Peer Education and Single-Session Lectures on HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes among University Students in Turkey | [
{
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{
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2136480829 | The goal of this study was to assess the impact of peer education and single-session educational lectures on HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude change among university students (n = 157 male, n = 230 female; mean age = 20) on the campuses of two metropolitan state universities in Ankara, Turkey. The students were randomly selected to participate in peer education (n = 204), single-session lecture (n = 74) or wait-list control (n = 109) groups. Statistical analyses reveal significant differences in knowledge and attitudes, personal behavior, and awareness of HIV/AIDS. Both the peer education and HIV/AIDS lecture strategies were more effective in eliciting change in student's knowledge and attitudes than the control condition (p > .05). Male and female students in both experimental groups showed higher attitude scores compared with all students in the control group. | [
{
"display_name": "Aids Education and Prevention",
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https://openalex.org/W2012062342 | Burns in Southern Turkey: Electrical Burns Remain a Major Problem | [
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"display_name": "Sedat Yıldırım",
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"display_name": "Akın Tarim",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/I188740104",
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"display_name": "Kenan Çalışkan",
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"display_name": "Ali Ezer",
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{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Başkent University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I188740104",
"lat": 39.91987,
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],
"display_name": "Turgut Noyan",
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| [
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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{
"display_name": "Electrical burn",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776559970"
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"display_name": "Burn center",
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{
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{
"display_name": "Burn injury",
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
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{
"display_name": "Injury prevention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190385971"
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{
"display_name": "Poison control",
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271"
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| [
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| [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012062342 | In Turkey, burns represent a relatively small number of injuries overall, but they continue to be a major public health problem. Our aim in this study was to identify risk factors that affect outcome in burn patients hospitalized in the southern part of our country, with special emphasis on electrical burns. The database for 109 burn patients who were admitted to our burn center from April, 2000, through August, 2001, was retrospectively analyzed. Electrical injury was the cause of burn in 23 (21%) of the 109 cases. The burn causes differed among age groups and between the sexes, with males constituting 95% of the electrical burn patients. The mortality rate for the electrical burn group was lower than the rate for the rest of the burn patients (1/23 vs 17/86, respectively; P <.001); however, the opposite was true for complication rate (10/23 vs 5/86, respectively; P <.001), cost of treatment (8351 US dollars vs 5122 US dollars, respectively; P =.009), and length of hospital stay (39.9 vs 26.2 days, respectively; P < 0.001). The rate of electrical burn injury in Turkey has changed very little in the past two decades. This underlines the need for stronger efforts aimed at prevention, such as better public education and strict regulations regarding the distribution and use of electricity. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation",
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|
|
https://openalex.org/W2130826421 | The global pandemic of peripheral artery disease | [
{
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"display_name": "Sue Duval",
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| [
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C141071460"
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{
"display_name": "Pathology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271"
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| [
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| [
"https://openalex.org/W1532938938",
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2130826421 | In 2013 it is known that the global burden of non-communicable diseases greatly impairs community health. 1 Lozano R Naghavi M Foreman K et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380: 2095-2128 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (10280) Google Scholar Yet we have not created a fully accurate description of the non-communicable diseases that contribute to this burden. When people in countries such as China, India, or Turkey are unable to walk because of leg muscle fatigue, their productivity and health are diminished. If these individuals also have a first heart attack, as a consequence of metastatic atherosclerosis in leg arteries, a preventable moment is lost. When citizens of the USA, UK, or Australia seek invasive care strategies to avoid amputation for foot gangrene, substantial health-care resources will be expended. However, amputation and death will be merely delayed, and efforts to prevent the underlying disease will probably never be initiated. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysisIn the 21st century, peripheral artery disease has become a global problem. Governments, non-governmental organisations, and the private sector in LMIC need to address the social and economic consequences, and assess the best strategies for optimum treatment and prevention of this disease. Full-Text PDF | [
{
"display_name": "The Lancet",
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{
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"type": "repository"
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]
|
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