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https://openalex.org/W2752431107
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CAUSES, COURSE AND VALUE OF THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA
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The article examines the causes, major events and significance of the February revolution in Russia. Among the reasons the author singles out common causes of all Russian revolutions of the twentieth century and private causes exactly the February revolution. The common reasons, according to the author, are: Imperial absolutism, not limited by any elected body, hierarchical, strictly centralized State structure, constricting any initiative, the appointment of senior officials exclusively from among the aristocracy, tight State control over the economy, low purchasing capacity of the population, which did not allow to develop the internal market, instability in the financial market, the lag in modernization, economic freedom of the peasants, the workers, low wages generally low labour costs that has bedeviled the introduction of new technology. Private reasons February author: an unwillingness to respect the King brought his promises in the manifesto of October 17, rejection of democratic reforms, reactionary policies contrary to the General course of things in the country and the world, the collapse of the reforms, Government disorder Stolypin with Duma, the transformation of popular representation in the scenery, after a victorious year 1914 began failures on the front, causing a large influx of refugees, interruptions to supply bread to the capital. Major events of the February revolution the author considers a legitimate order of transfer of power from the King to the Interim Committee of the Duma, the establishment of the provisional Government and its programе of reforms, three crisis, each of which forced the Government to shift, calling it more representatives of the Petrograd Council of workers and soldiers ‘ deputies, members of non-governmental parties, reckoned the Government increasingly coalition. Those forced measures do not solve the main issues of the revolution: peasant, worker, national and world. Delaying reforms to address these issues and served as the main cause of the increasing influence of the Bolsheviks. The value of the February revolution lies in the fact that it was publicly proclaimed Russia’s movement toward egalitarization and the democratization of society, building a Democratic Republic. Calling all the warring States to the conclusion of the democratic world, the February revolution had an impact on the situation on the fronts, caused a chain of democratic revolutions: in Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey. During the February revolution plan tariffs drastically changed the objectives, values and social attitudes towards the recognition of the goals and values of the lower strata of society (the world, land reform, increasing wages and improving working conditions), democratization of all social relations. Russia was proclaimed a Republic. But recognizing new goals and values of the interim Government that has done little to implement them.
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https://openalex.org/W2258055728
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Religion and Public Goods Provision: Evidence from Catholicism and Islam
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What are the institutional and spiritual mechanisms which enable religious communities to produce public goods? With the collapse of many states and the retrenchment of social services, much recent political science research has asked what fosters provision of public goods outside of state or government. However, organized religions have an ambiguous status in research on civil society, with some scholars conceptualizing and analyzing them as components, and others excluding them. Our project advances the study of public goods provision and group cooperation in political science by giving sustained and systematic attention to the causal properties of Catholicism and Islam as producers of generous behavior. What specific religious beliefs and institutions promote generosity? Do these vary across religious traditions? This paper will focus on these questions, using data from field research conducted in Milan, Paris, Dublin and Istanbul and derived from semi-structured interviews with religious community members, and religious leaders in Dublin and Istanbul. Italy, France and Ireland have been and remain crucial to the history and life of the Catholic Church and Catholicism; Turkey is a leading Islamic country, with a significant role in Islam’s history. We argue that religious communities produce public goods through mobilizing their spiritual and institutional repertoire. A number of factors significantly influence generosity of individual members: individual’s relation to his or her religious community and his or her experience of its rituals; the religion’s institutional capacity to get its members involved in charitable activities; and national social welfare policies. We use this study of generosity within Catholicism and Islam to test several propositions derived from the literature on public goods provision. We also use this study to test what the mechanisms for public and club goods provision within the two religions are - what aspects of their theology and rituals, of their community and institutional structures, promote public goods provision? We suggest that not only do organized religions provide sanctions and incentives through their theologies and institutional structures, but these same theologies and institutional structures can also elicit the pro-social tendencies of individuals. Both religions have institutional structures and belief systems that facilitate generosity, the providing of public goods at a cost in time and expense and effort to oneself. For these two mainstream religions, neither one has strong sanctioning or monitoring systems; Islam perhaps has a stronger one than Catholicism, but neither religion could be characterized as being a strict sect. The paper assesses these factors through analysis of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, and case study materials in order to further assess various hypothesized causal mechanisms.
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https://openalex.org/W2594751085
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Islamic Values in Elderly Care in Finland: The Perspective of Muslim Women Caregivers
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Introduction Finland has traditionally had an ethnically homogenous population, but in recent decades, the country has experienced an increase in the number of immigrants. In 2012, the number of foreigners resident in the country was 195,000, accounting for 3.6 percent of the population (Vaestoliitto, 2014). The immigrant population includes persons from predominantly Muslim countries. Also on the rise in Finland, is the elderly population, a trend to be seen in the other Scandinavian countries and many societies across the Western world. The Finnish population is ageing faster than that in other European Union countries (Salin, 2013). Today, 17.5 percent of the population is over 65 years of age (Statistics Finland, 2014), and the figure is growing rapidly, increasing demand for elderly care in coming years. Finland is described as a Nordic welfare state, characterised by the state's strong role (Greve, 2007), particularly so in the case of elderly care. However, analyses of recent developments show signs of marketisation and the emerging privatisation of care; another trend is the integration of informal family care into the formal care system (Anttonen and Haikio, 2011; Kroger and Leinonen, 2012; Yeandle et al., 2013). Regardless of the way care is organised, it is evident that, in keeping with demographic changes, the need for care is increasing (Hunt et al., 2014), sparking a concomitant increase in the demand for women workers in elderly care (Castle, 2008; Donoghue, 2010; Kash, Naufal, Cortes, & Johnson, 2010). It follows that the number of immigrant women care-givers will rise accordingly, some of whom will be from countries of Islamic origin, such as Afghanistan, Albania, Iraq, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Gambia, Somalia, Syria, Turkey, Nigeria and the former Yugoslavia. The number of Muslims in Finland, a country of some five million, is estimated to be 60,000 persons (Kern, 2011). The increasing share of immigrant caregivers is a relatively new phenomenon in Finland, whereas in many European countries, and in many other parts of the world, the role of such workers has been widely discussed in recent policy and research (Spencer et al., 2010; Welsh and O'Shea, 2010). Some Finnish immigrant caregivers have lived in the country for several years and have a care-related educational qualification obtained in Finland; the country has also actively recruited educated care professionals from abroad (Lauren and Wrede, 2011). Consequently, at present, in the care environment, one sees an unprecedented degree of interaction between individuals from different cultures and cultural backgrounds. An understanding of such interactions (Aranda & Knight, 1997) is of increasing importance in the society. Within this context and in this light, we focus in this article on the perspective of Islamic women caregivers who for the most part encounter Finnish clients and colleagues in their work. While one can see a significant movement towards promoting theoretical understanding and the advancement of research in the care sector to recognise culture and incorporate it into health services (Sagar, 2012), to date relatively little effort has been made to understand the implications of cultural changes in the workforce and the experiences of immigrant carers (Walsh and O'Shea, 2010). Our practical knowledge of cultural interaction among care professionals from a variety of cultures (Aranda & Knight, 1997) remains relatively limited. Such knowledge would be important for a diverse range of needs and practices, and would increase understanding of the culture of both healthcare professionals and clients in care institutions. This is the case in Finland, where the growing number of caregivers and care receivers from multicultural backgrounds in elderly care institutions and hospitals. All societies have norms of care and behaviour based on age, lifestyle, gender and social values. …
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https://openalex.org/W2805131734
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How the Workers Became Muslims: Immigration, Culture and Hegemonic Transformation in Europe by Ferruh Yilmaz
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2805131734
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Reviewed by: How the Workers Became Muslims: Immigration, Culture and Hegemonic Transformation in Europe by Ferruh Yilmaz Carmen Teeple Hopkins Ferruh Yilmaz, How the Workers Became Muslims: Immigration, Culture and Hegemonic Transformation in Europe (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press 2016) Over the last couple of decades, research on Muslim immigration to Europe has produced an important body of critical scholarship that has been characterized by a renewed interest in the intersections between the welfare state, citizenship, race, and religion in neoliberal economies. Much of this research has focused on how the period of the 1980s was seminal in the stigmatization of Muslim populations in Europe, amidst increased rates of unemployment, cuts to social services, and changes in immigration policy. Yilmaz' research is situated within this literature as he traces the ways in which public and political discourse on immigration in Denmark changed in the 1980s. This shift involved the initial understanding of Muslim immigrants as workers to a discourse that erased their class background and emphasized their cultural difference as Muslims who were Other, separate from Danish society. The overarching argument of the book is that there was a process of "culturalization" that began 1984. (15) By culturalization, Yilmaz refers to the ontology of culture, a term indebted to anthropologists such as Clifford Geertz to describe a symbolic "meaning-making system." (16) In the 1970s and 1980s, public discourse was dominated by "economic questions such as taxes, public spending, and unemployment." (60) In Denmark in 1984 there were two simultaneous processes that occurred: a major rise in refugees and a number of Far Right actors who manufactured fear about immigrants and refugees. The evidence for Yilmaz' argument unfolds in Chapters 2, 3 and 4, where he analyzes the transformation of discourse [End Page 306] in Denmark that demonized Muslims and generalized all immigrants as Muslim. One of the key players featured in Yilmaz' analysis is Søren Krarup, a Far Right pastor during the mid-1980s who generated a "moral panic around refugees" (102) by, for instance, regularly putting anti-refugee ads in far-right newspapers which then drew significant media attention. The strengths of the book lie first in its detailed account of Danish politics from the 1980s to 2000s and second, in the overall argument. First, Yilmaz is well-placed to excavate this political and journalistic history of Danish society. As a former journalist during the 1980s, he wrote actively during this period of significant political change. Yilmaz' research methods rely on both the analysis of Danish newspaper articles from 1984 to 1987, and 2001, as well as 39 interviews conducted with "ethnic Danes" in 2001. (25) (Cultural studies readers will be interested in Chapter 1 where Yilmaz lays out his methodology of content, discourse, and rhetorical analysis.) On a personal level, Yilmaz shares with the reader that he arrived in Denmark from Turkey in 1979 as a leftist activist and explains how he "became Muslim." (3) Clearly, his lived experience resonates with both the content and title of the book. Yilmaz grew up atheist and did not identify as Muslim when he arrived in Denmark; he eventually assumed this political (not religious) identity as a result of other people asking if he was Muslim. Second, the premise that Danish political discourse shifted in the mid-1980s from an understanding of immigrants as workers to a cultural Other is a welcome contribution to the field of labour, immigration, and racism. Indeed, Yilmaz makes the case that the culturalization of immigrants made racism widely acceptable in Danish society. The historical specificity of the political conditions in which racism in Denmark grew and was produced by particular figures demonstrates how racism is generated and is not natural or inevitable in a given population. While focused on the Danish context, Yilmaz indicates that his case study is relevant to Europe more broadly. My research falls within the area of gender, Muslim migration, and labour in France, making this text relevant to my own interests. In Europe, the 1970s was characterized by immigration policies that relied on unskilled male migrant workers, often followed by family reunification policies in the 1980s which brought over female spouses. Similar to Denmark, this pattern...
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https://openalex.org/W3208518504
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Essays on labor and migration economics
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
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[
"Turkey"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3208518504
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This thesis provides important empirical evidence on the German labor market which faces tremendous challenges by ongoing demographic changes. With an expected decrease in its labor force and an aging society, Germany has to find ways to maintain its economic stability and the functioning of its welfare state. Two possible solutions are discussed: immigration – especially of highly skilled immigrants – and investments in human capital that allow individuals to find better paying and more stable jobs. Section 2 addresses the question to what extent immigrants are able to overcome initial wage disadvantages vis-a-vis comparable natives. Adding to the extant literature on this topic, the analysis particularly takes into account differences between skill groups and how these differences may be responsible for different wage assimilation patterns. The results show that highly skilled immigrants are not able to catch up with their native peers in terms of wages, while the initial wage gap between low/medium skilled immigrants and natives narrows over time. This can be in part explained by theoretical considerations such as Merton’s (1968) theory of cumulative advantages or may simply be the result of employers’ discrimination against immigrants, e.g., by hindering the promotion of immigrants into better paying jobs (“glass ceilings”). Section 3 also refers to Merton’s (1968) theory of cumulative advantages and looks at one of the sources of initial disparities between immigrants and natives, i.e., the occurrence of youth unemployment. As Burgess (2003) points out, youth unemployment has long-lasting negative consequences particularly for lower skilled individuals. The analysis in Section 3 thus considers only graduates from lower and intermediate secondary schools, i.e., Hauptschule and Realschule. By using proportional hazard models I show that controlling for individual, parental, and regional background can only explain part of the difference in the risk of becoming unemployed between immigrants and natives. However, second generation immigrants of Turkish origin, an especially vulnerable group also in other countries, stand out as the group with the highest unemployment risk, ceteris paribus. While immigration offers one possible solution to address Germany’s demographic challenges, increasing the overall skills of its population may be another means to help alleviate the economic pressure caused by the shortage of skilled labor. Germany’s vocational training system is often praised for its effectiveness in providing young adults with the necessary human capital to smoothly enter the labor market (e.g., Heckman, 1994). In addition, Germany’s “dual system” (duales System) is seen as being largely responsible for the low youth unemployment rates in Germany compared to other Western countries. This thesis investigates the extent to which human capital investments, e.g. in form of apprenticeship or vocational training, are beneficial with respect to labor market outcomes early in individuals’ careers. Using a sample of 25 years old East and West German youths who graduated from lower or intermediate secondary school, i.e., Hauptschule or Realschule, Section 4 examines the returns to apprenticeship and vocational training (AVT) regarding three early labor market outcomes: non-employment, fulltime employment, and wages. As predicted by Becker’s (1964) human capital theory, AVT is beneficial with respect to all three outcomes. AVT graduates have c.p. significantly lower risks of non-employment, significantly higher propensities of having a fulltime permanent job, and they earn significantly higher wages than their peers without a vocational degree. Interestingly, we find no significant differences in the returns between apprenticeship degrees and degrees from other forms of vocational training at an early stage in young persons’ careers. Despite differences in general economic conditions, returns to AVT do not differ between East and West Germany. They also show no significant decline over time even in light of an ongoing educational expansion that leads to an increase in the share of graduates from higher secondary schools.
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[] |
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https://openalex.org/W2964299700
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Data for: Forbearance as redistribution: The politics of informal welfare in Latin America
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"display_name": "Alisha C. Holland",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C120397944"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C74080474"
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{
"display_name": "Poverty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189326681"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Public economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100001284"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
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{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
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[
"Turkey"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2964299700
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Overview Why do governments tolerate the violation of their own laws and regulations, and when do they enforce them? Conventional wisdom is that state weakness erodes enforcement, particularly in the developing world. In contrast, this book project, as Redistribution: The Politics of Informal Welfare in Latin highlights the understudied political costs of enforcement. Governments choose not to enforce laws and regulations, or forbearance, when it is in their electoral interest. Focusing on laws that the poor violate, the manuscript shows how a simple distributive logic can account for enforcement patterns over space and time. Politicians forbear when formal welfare policies are inadequate and they depend on the poor’s votes to win office. Forbearance both indirectly signals a politician’s class affinities and directly functions as a form of informal welfare provision to the poor. Unlike these informal transfers, many state benefits accrue to the middle class in developing countries. The poor therefore vote and mobilize for forbearance, while expecting little from tax-based redistribution. Forbearance thus offers much-needed support when governments fail, yet the book also show how it can perpetuate the same exclusionary welfare policies from which it originates. The primary—but not exclusive—empirical focus is Latin America, a middle-income region where many governments have the money and manpower to enforce their laws. Latin America is the region with the most unequal income distribution in the world, which means that poverty rates are much higher than would be expected at similar development levels. Sharp inequality and residential segregation create different incentives to enforce depending on where politicians seek office within a city. I select city cases that vary along the principal independent variables under both my theory and competing state capacity-based explanations. The cases span a city known for its capable institutions (Santiago, Chile) and cities with more middling capacities that either group all voters into a single catchall district (Bogota, Colombia) or divide voters into many income-segregated districts (Lima, Peru). The decision to compare enforcement across cities reflects substantive and methodological concerns. City governments have become increasingly important sites of policymaking and electoral contestation after a wave of decentralizing reforms in the 1980s and 1990s. Methodologically, there are ways in which the biggest cities across countries—Lima and Santiago, or Lagos and Accra—are more similar to one another than to the secondary cities or rural regions to which they are compared in more common within-nation subnational research designs. Therefore, in this book I focus on Latin American capitals as a way to make valid inferences across similar units, and I use enforcement patterns both within and across cities to expand the number of testable observations. I underscore the comparability of major cities by extending the argument to Istanbul, Turkey. Common tensions around law enforcement emerge in a quite distinct national context. I take a multi-method approach in which I use observations about how a variety of actors—citizens, bureaucrats, mayors, and presidents—behave to distinguish my theory from dominant alternatives moored in state weakness. These included public opinion data that reveal that poor support forbearance and candidates who advocate it; qualitative interviews with local politicians, bureaucrats, street vendors, and squatters; local government data on enforcement actions and legal violations; an archive of all newspaper articles on squatting and street vending; and a range of administrative documents, such as government reports, campaign platforms, and correspondence with squatter settlements. I use a combination of methods, including 1) statistical analysis of public opinion data and enforcement data, 2) process-tracing using interviews, government documents, and newspaper reports, and 3) content analysis of newspaper reports. My findings underscore the strategic—and deeply democratic—nature of enforcement of laws that the poor violate. “Weak” enforcement does not necessarily imply a weak state that cannot regulate the behavior of its citizens. To the contrary, forbearance can indicate healthy electoral democracy in which politicians are responsive to poor voters and choose not to enforce laws that conflict with local preferences. This theory naturally suggests counterintuitive policy conclusions: reforms to strengthen the welfare state may do more to build the rule of law than additional funding for police and bureaucrats. Successful democratization and reforms to increase the poor’s political power, if unaccompanied by improvements in social policy, can erode enforcement.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4385496753
|
Educational knowledge and politics of receiving migrant pupils. A contribution to Danish welfare state history during the late twentieth century
|
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385496753
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ABSTRACTThe arrival of guest workers in Denmark from the late 1960s meant new political questions of how to receive their children in school. During the 1970s, the heyday of welfare state reforms, a new area of welfare state politics and policy emerged concerning these children: an education politics of migrant pupils accompanied by knowledge being produced in the intersection between the pedagogical professional field, the academic field and the political field. This politics, policy and knowledge area soon became contested among politicians, professionals and academics. The article explores a core discussion still taking place at present, namely how approaches for receiving newly arrived pupils in the Folkeskole (the primary and lower secondary school. Based on source material consisting of parliamentary debates from the official political field and the professional and research-based literature that developed in the period, the article sheds light on how educational knowledge on different approaches to reception was circulated between fields. Executing an analysis that combines concepts from sociology and history of education and knowledge and from theory on policy processes, the article shows how knowledge and politics interacted to make or reject policy junctures in the formative decades when the politics of migrant pupils in the Danish welfare state was established, namely from the early 1970s and up until the mid-1990s. We conclude that local developments and debates in the knowledge production field shaped early school integration policies in the Danish welfare state during the 1970s and 1980s, but had limited influence in the 1990.KEYWORDS: Migrant educationhistory of educationeducation policywelfare state historyeducation politics AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Associate Professors Susanne Dau and Ethan Hutt and Postdoctoral Researcher Mantė Vertelytė for comments on earlier drafts.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 M. Buchardt, Kulturforklaring: uddannelseshistorier om muslimskhed [Culture as Explanation: Educational Histories about Muslimness] (Copenhagen: Tiderne Skifter, 2016); M. Buchardt, “The ‘Culture’ of Migrant Pupils: A Nation- and Welfare-State Historical Perspective on the European Refugee Crisis”, European Education 50, no. 1 (2018): 58–73; and M. Padovan-Özdemir, The Making of Educationally Manageable Immigrant Schoolchildren in Denmark, 1970–2013: A Critical Prism for Studying the Fabrication of a Danish Welfare Nation State (University of Copenhagen, 2016).2 B. Kristjánsdóttir and S. Jacobsen Pérez, “Nyankomne Børn og Unge I Det Danske Uddannelsessystem: Lovgrundlag og Organisering” [Newly Arrived Children and Youngsters in the Danish Education System: Legislative Framework and Organisation], Nordand 11, no. 2 (2016): 35–63.3 Buchardt, Kulturforklaring; M. Vertelytė and D. Staunæs, “From Tolerance Work to Pedagogies of Unease: Affective Investments in Danish Antiracist Education”, Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy 7, no. 3 (2021): 126–35.4 R. Alapuro and H. Stenius, eds., Nordic Associations in a European Perspective (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2010); and M. Hilson, P. Markkola, and A. Östman, Co-operatives and the Social Question. The Co-operative Movement in Northern and Eastern Europe c. 1880–1950 (Cardiff: Welsh Academic Press, 2012).5 Buchardt, Kulturforklaring.6 N. de Coninck-Smith, L. R. Rasmussen, and I. Vyff, Da skolen blev alles: Tiden Efter 1970 [When the School Became for All: The Time After 1970] (Aarhus: Universitetsforlag, 2015).7 Kristjánsdóttir and Jacobsen Pérez, “Nyankomne børn”.8 M. B. Jørgensen, “The Diverging Logics of Integration Policy Making at National and City Level”, International Migration Review 46, no. 1 (2012): 250.9 J. W. Kingdon, Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies (Harper Collins College Publishers, 1995).10 N. R. Enemark, J. H. Li, and M. Buchardt, “Education policies and the dilemmas concerning migrant students in the Northern European welfare states. The case of mother-tongue instruction”, in Migrants and Welfare States: Balancing Dilemmas in Northern Europe, ed. C. A. Larsen (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022).11 Enemark, Li, and Buchardt, “Education policies”, 5.12 Ibid., 21.13 L. Chouliaraki, “Pædagogikkens sociale logik: En introduktion til Basil Bernsteins uddannelsessociologi” [Pedagogy’s Social Logic: An Introduction to Basil Bernstein’s Sociology of Education], in Basil Bernstein: Pædagogik, diskurs og magt, ed. L. Chouliaraki and M. Bayer (Akademisk, 2001), 26–69; B. Bernstein, The Social Construction of Pedagogic Discourse. Class, Codes and Control vol. IV (Routledge, 2003), 168‒218; and P. Singh, S. Thomas, and J. Harris, “Recontextualising policy discourses: A Bernsteinian perspective on policy interpretation, translation, enactment”, Journal of Education Policy 28, no. 4 (2013): 465–80.14 J. A. Secord, “Knowledge in transit”, Isis 95, no. 4 (2004): 654–72; Östling et al., Histories of Knowledge.15 J. W. Kingdon, Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies (New York: Longman, 1995).16 Ibid., 165.17 Béland, “Ideas and Social Policy”; D. Béland and M. Howlett, “How Solutions Chase Problems: Instrument Constituencies in the Policy Process”, Governance 29, no. 3 (2016): 393–409; and P. Rawat et al., “Kingdon’s ‘Streams’ Model at Thirty: Still Relevant in the 21st Century?”, Politics & Policy 44, no. 4 (2016): 608–38.18 Östling et al., Histories of Knowledge, bk. 115.19 Singh et al., “Recontextualising”.20 Östling et al., Histories of Knowledge.21 Kingdon, Agendas.22 Kingdon distinguishes between conditions and problems of which only the latter can be solved. This article regards the “problem stream” as represented through the article’s overarching dilemma: how to handle the group of migrant pupils in a welfare state with an inherent ideology of equality (H. V. Jønsson, “In the Borderland of the Welfare State: Danish Integration Policy – the early Years 1967–1983”, in Welfare Citizenship and Welfare Nationalism, ed. A. M. Suszycki (Helsinki: Nordic Centre of Excellence NordWel, 2013), 240).23 Kingdon, Agendas, 166‒7.24 J. H. Li and N. R. Enemark, “Educating to belong: Policy and practice of mother-tongue instruction for migrant students in the Danish welfare state”, European Educational Research Journal (2021), 14749041211054952.25 I. M. Clausen, “Undervisning af indvandrerelever i folkeskolen: Lovgrundlag og problemer” [Schooling of Immigrant Pupils in the Comprehensive School: Legislative Foundation and Problems], in Dansk som fremmedsprog, eds. G. Gabrielsen and J. Gimbel (Lærerforeningernes Materialeudvalg, 1982), 23–49; Buchardt, Kulturforklaring; and B. S. Kristjánsdóttir, Evas skjulte børn: Diskurser om tosprogede elever i det danske nationalcurriculum [Eva’s hidden children: Discourses on bilingual pupils in the Danish national curriculum] (Institut for Pædagogisk Antropologi, Danmarks Pædagogiske Universitet, 2006).26 Buchardt, “The ‘Culture’”.27 Kristjánsdóttir, Evas skjulte børn, 154.28 In contemporary literature, “The Copenhagen model” (Københavnermodellen) denotes a dispersion model for migrant pupils. See G. H. Jacobsen, Lighed gennem særbehandling? Heldagsskoler og spredning som ekspliciteret særbehandling af etniske minoritetsbørn og udtryk for aktuelle tendenser [Equality through special treatment? Magnet schools and dispersion as explicit special treatment of ethnic minority children and an expression of contemporary tendencies] (Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen, 2012), 81.29 See note 5 above.30 M. Padovan-Özdemir and B. Moldenhawer, “Making precarious immigrant families and weaving the Danish welfare nation-state fabric 1970–2010”, Race Ethnicity and Education 20, no. 6 (2017): 723–36.31 L. Jørgensen, Hvad sagde vi! – om “De andre”: Den udlændingepolitiske debat i Folketinget 1961–1999 [What did we say! – about “The others”: The immigration political debate in Parliament 1961–1999] (RUC, Institut for Historie og Samfundsforhold, 2006).32 Padovan-Özdemir and Moldenhawer, “Making precarious immigrant families”; and E. Odde, Fremmedsprogede elever i danske skoler [Foreign Language Pupils in Danish schools] (Lærerforeningernes materialeudvalg, 1974).33 H. V. Jønsson, “Immigrant Policy Developing in Copenhagen and Ishøj in the 1970s”, Scandinavian Journal of History 38, no. 5 (2013): 590‒611.34 See note 5 above.35 Jørgensen, Hvad sagde vi!, 100.36 Jønsson, “In the Borderland”.37 B. Rahbek and T. Skutnabb-Kangas, God, bedre, dansk? : Om indvandrerbørns integration i Danmark [Good, better, Danish? On immigrant children’s integration in Denmark], 1st ed. (Børn & Unge, 1983).38 Her opinion piece in Politiken (Danish newspaper) was cited four days after the piece came out in a written question to Minister of Social Affairs Eva Gredal (S): Parliamentary debate summary, 23 December 1971, Question by MP Kristine Heltberg (SF). Available at: www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19711/salen/m35/19711_m35_referat.pdf; and K. Andersen, “Næppe støtte til fremmedarbejderblad” [Unlikely there is Support for the Foreign Workers’ Magazine], Politiken, 19 December 1971. For more on this debate, see Kristjánsdóttir, Evas skjulte børn, 194‒200.39 S. Waast et al., Allah i Danmark [Allah in Denmark] (Skoleradio/TV, DR, 1981).40 Buchardt, Kulturforklaring, 33‒4.41 Kristjánsdóttir, Evas skjulte børn.42 Buchardt, Kulturforklaring, 45‒6.43 Gabrielsen and Gimbel, Dansk som fremmedsprog.44 Buchardt, Kulturforklaring, 33‒4.45 Jørgensen, Hvad sagde vi!46 C. Horst, Interkulturel pædagogik [Intercultural Pedagogy] (Vejle: Kroghs Forlag, 2003); and Jørgensen, Hvad sagde vi!47 Kristjánsdóttir, Evas skjulte børn, 269.48 Parliamentary debate summary, Inquiry on the immigrants’ family situation, comments by Steen Folke (VS), Mimi Jacobsen (CD), Ebba Strange (SF), 20 November 1979, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19792/salen/m10/19792_m10_referat.pdf.49 By e.g. Brixtofte (V) and Lis Starcke (DR) on the Aalborg approach, Steen Folke (VS). Parliamentary debate summary, 20 November 1979, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19792/salen/m10/19792_m10_referat.pdf.50 With the notable exception of Fremskridtspartiet [The Progress Party]. Center and left-wing parties offered broad support, e.g. parliamentary debate summary, 20 November 1980, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19801/salen/m25/19801_m25_referat.pdf, and parliamentary debate summary, 11 November 1981, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19811/salen/m23/19811_m23_referat.pdf.51 Parliamentary debate summary, comment by MoE Dorte Bennedsen, 20 November 1980, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19801/salen/m25/19801_m25_referat.pdf.52 Parliamentary debate summary, comment by MoE Dorte Bennedsen, 20 November 1980, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19801/salen/m25/19801_m25_referat.pdf.53 For more on this debate, see Kristjánsdóttir, Evas skjulte børn, 194‒200; A. Ahmad and J. Blum, “Indvandrerbørn og deres undervisning i Danmark” [Immigrant Children and their Schooling in Denmark], Dansk pædagogisk Tidsskrift 29, no. 6 (1981): 247–50; B. Rahbek, “Da arbejdskraften blev til mennesker” [When the Labour became People], Dansk pædagogisk Tidsskrift 28, no. 7 (1980); and B. Søndergaard, “Hvornår bør andetsproget indføres i en bilingual skole?” [When Should the Second Language be Introduced in a Bilingual School?], Dansk pædagogisk Tidsskrift 29, no. 6 (1981): 229–34.54 See note 41 above.55 J. Blum, “Indvandrerne og deres børn” [The Immigrants and their Children], Dansk pædagogisk Tidsskrift 29, no. 5 (1981): 205–6; Buchardt, Kulturforklaring; and Rahbek Pedersen, “Da arbejdskraften blev til mennesker”.56 Ahmad and Blum, “Indvandrerbørn”.57 Ibid., 250.58 Ibid.59 Ahmad and Blum, “Slutreplik”, 255.60 Rahbek and Skutnabb-Kangas, God, bedre, dansk?; J. Gimbel, Undervisning af tyrkiske elever i Køge Kommune [Schooling of Turkish Pupils in Køge Municipality] (Danmarks Lærerhøjskole, 1994); and Kristjánsdóttir, Evas skjulte børn.61 B. Moldenhawer, “Skolen – en nøgle til integration af etniske minoritetsbørn?” [The School – A Key to Integration of Ethnic Minority Children?] (AMID, Institut for Historie, Internationale Studier og Samfundsforhold, Aalborg: Universitet, 2002).62 K. Just Jeppesen, “Skolen – en nøgle til integration” [The School – A Key to Integration] (Socialforskningsinstituttet: De Fremmede i Danmark, 1993), 3; and Moldenhawer, “Skolen”.63 Moldenhawer, “School”, 4.64 Danske kommuner [Danish Municipalities] no. 21, 14 October (1981): 24‒8.65 It appeared to be similar to the “dual classes” approach.66 It is unclear whether Asbjerg was the consultant in question, and Asbjerg did not talk of this approach.67 Danmarks Lærerhøjskole, now Danmarks Pædagogiske Universitet (Danish School of Education).68 Danske kommuner, 27.69 Ibid., 28‒31.70 The longer school day was later implemented through first the so-called “magnet schools” and later nationally implemented with the 2014 School Reform. In 2019, legislation came into effect which made it mandatory for 1-year-old children in disadvantaged neighbourhoods to attend daycare at least 25 hours a week.71 See note 5 above.72 Li and Enemark, “Educating to belong”.73 Jørgensen, “The Diverging Logics”.74 Parliamentary debate summary, comments by Bertel Haarder, 17 March 1988, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19871/salen/m67/19871_m67_referat.pdf.75 Parliamentary debate summary, comment by MoE Dorte Bennedsen, 20 November 1980, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19801/salen/m25/19801_m25_referat.pdf.76 Parliamentary debate summary, comments by Bertel Haarder, 17 March 1988, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19871/salen/m67/19871_m67_referat.pdf.77 Note how government coalition party Venstre wanted less national legislation/more decentralisation. Parliamentary debate summary, 17 March 1988, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19871/salen/m67/19871_m67_referat.pdf.78 Parliamentary debate summary, 17 March 1988, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19871/salen/m67/19871_m67_referat.pdf, and Parliamentary debate summary, 3 May 1989, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19881/salen/m82/19881_m82_referat.pdf.79 Moldenhawer, “Skolen”; and Padovan-Özdemir and Moldenhawer, “Making precarious immigrant families”.80 Buchardt, Kulturforklaring; Kristjánsdóttir, Evas skjulte børn; and T. Øland et al., Statecrafting on the Fringes: Studies of Welfare Work Addressing the Other (Museum Tusculanum Press, 2019).81 Coninck-Smith et al., Da skolen blev alles.82 Clausen, “Undervisning af indvandrerelever”, 23–49.83 Gimbel, “Undervisning af tyrkiske elever”; J. N. Jørgensen, “Bilingualism in the Køge Project”, International Journal of Bilingualism 7, no. 4 (2003): 333–52; and Coninck-Smith et al., Da skolen blev alles.84 A Danish and a Turkish mother-tongue class gradually becoming one over the course of a few grades.85 B. Moldenhawer and M. I. Clausen, Dig & Mig & Vi To – evaluering af tokulturelle klasser [You & Me & the Two of Us – Evaluation of Two-cultural Classes] (Enghøjskolen, Hvidovre. Pædagogisk Central i Hvidovre, Hvidovre Kommune, 1993) [Pedagogical Central in Hvidovre, Hvidovre Municipality].86 B. Kristjánsdóttir, L. Timm, and K. Schalburg, Bæredygtig skoleudvikling: Samtaler med Kirsten Schalburg [Sustainable School Development: Conversations with Kirsten Schalburg] (Dansklærerforeningen, 2014) [Danish Teachers’ Union]; and Enemark (forthcoming).87 J. N. Jørgensen, LANGUAGING: Nine Years of Poly-Lingual Development of Young Turkish-Danish Grade School Students (Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism, The Køge Series, vol. K15, 2008).88 Just Jeppesen, “Skolen”.89 J. N. Jørgensen and C. Horst, Et flerkulturelt Danmark: Perspektiver på sociolingvistik, sprogpædagogik, dansk som andetsprog: Festskrift til Jørgen Gimbel [A Multicultural Denmark: Perspectives on Sociolinguistics, Language Pedagogy, Danish as a Second Language: A Tribute to Jørgen Gimbel] (Danmarks: Lærerhøjskole, 1995).90 Gabrielsen and Gimbel, Dansk som fremmedsprog, 1.91 Clausen, “Undervisning af indvandrerelever”, 30.92 Gimbel, Undervisning af tyrkiske elever.93 Motion for a Resolution on Foreign Language Pupils in the Danish School System [Forslag til folketingsbeslutning om indpasning af fremmedsprogede børn i det danske skolesystem], 29 March 1995, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19941/beslutningsforslag/B89/19941_B89_BEH1_M69_referat.pdf.94 Parliamentary debate summary, comments by particularly Frank Dahlgaard (KF), 29 March 1995, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19941/salen/m69/19941_m69_referat.pdf, and, surprisingly, national classes as a means of “centering the expertise” suggested by Pia Kjærsgaard (DF), parliamentary debate summary, 8 February 1995, question to the minister by Pia Kjærsgaard (DF). Available at: www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19941/salen/m51/19941_m51_referat.pdf. For more on local dispersion policy and its effect in general, see Jacobsen, Lighed gennem særbehandling.95 Parliamentary debate summary, 19 May 1993, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19921/salen/m76/19921_m76_referat.pdf, and Parliamentary debate summary, 24 November 1992, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19921/salen/m19/19921_m19_referat.pdf.96 Parliamentary debate summary, comment by Birthe Weiss (S), 24 April 1991, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19902/salen/m51/19902_m51_referat.pdf.97 Parliamentary debate summary, comment by Bruno Jerup (EL), 5 November 1997, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19971/salen/m12/19971_m12_referat.pdf.98 Parliamentary debate summary, comment by Anne Baastrup (SF), 5 November 1997, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19971/salen/m12/19971_m12_referat.pdf.99 Parliamentary debate summary, comment by Hans Peter Baadsgaard (S), 5 November 1997, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19971/salen/m12/19971_m12_referat.pdf.100 Parliamentary debate summary, comment by Henning Urup (V), 5 November 1997, www.folketingstidende.dk/samling/19971/salen/m12/19971_m12_referat.pdf.101 Moldenhawer, “Skolen”.102 Gimbel, Undervisning af tyrkiske elever i Køge Kommune.103 Gimbel, Undervisning af tyrkiske elever, 5; and J. Gimbel, A. Holmen, and J. Normann Jørgensen, “Det bedste Københavns Kommune har foretaget sig hidtil”: Beskrivelse og evaluering af sproggruppeforsøg i skoledistrikterne 6 og 12 i Københavns Kommunes Skolevæsen 1996–99 [“The best Copenhagen Municipality has done so far”: Description and evaluation of language group experiments in the districts 6 and 12 in Copenhagen Municipality School Administration 1996–1999] (Københavns Kommune, 2000).104 Gimbel, Holmen, and Normann Jørgensen, “Det bedste Københavns Kommune har foretaget sig”.105 Just Jeppesen, “Skolen”, 37.106 Béland, “Ideas and Social Policy”.107 See note 101 above.108 Å. Lundqvist and K. Petersen, In Experts We Trust: Knowledge, Politics and Bureaucracy in Nordic Welfare States, 1st ed. (Southern Denmark: University Press, 2010).109 Jacobsen, Lighed gennem særbehandling; Li and Enemark, “Educating to belong”; and Enemark, Li, and Buchardt, “Education policies”.110 M. Buchardt, “Schooling the Muslim Family: The Danish School System, Foreign Workers, and Their Children from the 1970s to the Early 1990s”, in Families, Values, and the Transfer of Knowledge in Northern Societies, 1500–2000, ed. U. Aatsinki, J. Annola, and M. Kaarninen (Routledge, 2019), 283–300; L. M. Daugaard, Sproglig praksis i og omkring modersmålsundervisning: En lingvistisk etnografisk undersøgelse [Linguistic practice in and around mother tongue instruction: A linguistic ethnographic study] (Aarhus: Universitet, 2015); C. Horst, På ulige fod: Etniske minoritetsbørn som et skoleeksempel [On uneven footing: Ethnic minority children as a school example] (Aarhus: Universitetsforlag, 2017); Jacobsen, Lighed gennem særbehandling; and Jørgensen and Horst, Et flerkulturelt Danmark; Kristjánsdóttir, Uddannelsespolitik i nationalismens tegn [Education politics in the name of nationalism] (Aarhus: Universitetsforlag, 2018); and L. Salö et al., “Mother Tongue Instruction in Sweden and Denmark. Language Policy, Cross-Field Effects, and Linguistic Exchange Rates”, Language Policy 17 (2018): 591–610.111 G. Myrberg, “Local Challenges and National Concerns: Municipal Level Responses To National Refugee Settlement Policies in Denmark and Sweden”, International Review of Administrative Sciences 83, no. 2 (2017): 322–39.Additional informationNotes on contributorsNanna Ramsing EnemarkNanna Ramsing Enemark is a PhD fellow in Education Policy Research at the Centre for Education Policy Research (CfU), Aalborg University, Denmark. She is trained in education science and political science from Aalborg University (BA, MA) and specializes in welfare state studies, migration and education policy history and comparative education.Mette BuchardtMette Buchardt is a Professor and Head of Centre for Education Policy Research (CfU), Aalborg University, Denmark. Her research comprises the interdisciplinary field of education policy history and welfare state history, including education- and social reform in the European states, e.g. modernization and secularization, and the influence of migration on welfare state development historically and at present.
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https://openalex.org/W3034819683
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Refinancing the Rentier State: Welfare, Inequality, and Citizen Preferences toward Fiscal Reform in the Gulf Oil Monarchies
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Against the backdrop of fiscal reform efforts in Middle East oil producers, this article proposes a general framework for understanding how citizens relate to welfare benefits in the rentier state and then tests some observable implications using original survey data from the quintessential rentier state of Qatar. Using two novel choice experiments, we ask Qataris to choose between competing forms of economic subsidies and state spending, producing a clear and reliable ordering of welfare priorities. Expectations derived from the experiments about the individual-level determinants of rentier reform preferences are then tested using data from a follow-up survey. Findings demonstrate the importance of non-excludable public goods, rather than private patronage, for upholding the rentier bargain.
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https://openalex.org/W4379013745
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Sharing citizenship: economic competition, cultural threat, and immigration preferences in the rentier state
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Abstract This paper proposes a framework of immigrant acceptance that accounts for both group-level and individual-level characteristics and conducts a novel test of the cultural threat hypothesis. Immigrants’ individual traits are conceptualized as secondary to their identity-based claims. The empirical strategy leverages a set of survey experiments conducted in the extreme rentier state of Qatar, where naturalization poses tangible negative financial consequences for citizens by expanding the pool of government welfare beneficiaries. Findings demonstrate that citizens are willing to share citizenship with a narrow ethnic in-group while individual cultural and economic attributes are lower-order determinants influencing economically vulnerable citizens. Importantly, answers to direct survey measures are at odds with these findings, demonstrating their susceptibility to social desirability bias.
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|
Political reforms in Qatar ; from authoritarianism to political grey zone / ; Cihat Battaloğlu.
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Cihat Battaloğlu",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004674682"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Authoritarianism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C68346564"
},
{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Democracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555826173"
},
{
"display_name": "Ruler",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C165743212"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Normative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44725695"
},
{
"display_name": "Political structure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777482191"
},
{
"display_name": "Political system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781046721"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636"
}
] |
[
"Qatar"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3184989115
|
La 4e de couv. indique : In the past decade, Qatar has emerged as one of the world's most proactive mediators in the international arena. It has also experienced a number of domestic changes to its economic infrastructure, welfare system and political system, along with material improvement in its citizens' standard of living. Nonetheless, despite such radical and rapid advances, political reform in Qatar has proved to be relatively tentative. This book examines political reforms in Qatar from an analytical, normative, ideological and empirical perspective. It applies the main concepts and theories found in the literature on democratic transition. The book also presents different aspects of political reform in Qatar, including those prior to the formation of the state. Five elements are discussed as the reason of why the political reform process in Qatar has stagnated in the political Grey Zone: Absolute power of the ruler over the political institutions; tribal social structure in Qatar; rentier style social contract; lack of public demand for reforms and politically apathetic society; new regional and international atmosphere, emerging after Arab Spring.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W192963813
|
Inside the Labor-Sending State: The Role of Frontline Welfare Bureaucrats and Informal Migration Governance in Qatar
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Malit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071893286"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "T Froilan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002471646"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Agency (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C108170787"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
},
{
"display_name": "Emigration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104151175"
},
{
"display_name": "Corporate governance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Social science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
}
] |
[
"Qatar"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W58297374",
"https://openalex.org/W199223231",
"https://openalex.org/W206158256",
"https://openalex.org/W596414907",
"https://openalex.org/W600263488",
"https://openalex.org/W1822386074",
"https://openalex.org/W1972238823",
"https://openalex.org/W1972994249",
"https://openalex.org/W1987555878",
"https://openalex.org/W2012275303",
"https://openalex.org/W2021016550",
"https://openalex.org/W2058869603",
"https://openalex.org/W2072521631",
"https://openalex.org/W2104507728",
"https://openalex.org/W2121393013",
"https://openalex.org/W2166058369",
"https://openalex.org/W2169819095",
"https://openalex.org/W2329122077",
"https://openalex.org/W2329574499",
"https://openalex.org/W2333269005",
"https://openalex.org/W2801524361",
"https://openalex.org/W3122203039",
"https://openalex.org/W3122412321"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W192963813
|
Since the 1970s, many labor-sending countries (LSCs) like the Philippines have increasingly faced a policy dilemma between protecting their citizens’ labor rights and maintaining labor market access in the Arab Gulf region. To address such constraint, many LSCs have increasingly developed emigration policies and institutions to protect and promote workers’ rights. This paper examines how and why labor-sending countries influence their emigration policies, particularly in the case of Qatar. Based on 45 in-depth qualitative interviews between 2011 and 2012 with labor diplomats, domestic workers, and labor rights leaders in Qatar, I find that despite the absence of legal protection mechanisms, frontline welfare bureaucrats have influenced Philippine emigration policies and the Kafala Sponsorship program. Three informal governance practices have been identified—labor mediation program, 48 hour ban policy (“burden-sharing” strategies), and informal diplomacy network (“burden-shifting” strategy)—which appeared to have enabled frontline welfare bureaucrats to mitigate domestic workers’ cases within the Qatari labor market. These informal policymaking practices have not only reinforced frontline welfare bureaucrats’ capacity to rule but also their abilities to cultivate relationships, power, and conflicts that determine policy outcomes. These empirical findings particularly contribute to the larger theoretical debates on the role of state in international migration by shifting the discourse to the human agency of the state (mainly of state bureaucrats) to understand how laborsending countries determine policy outcomes in the host countries.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2411024539
|
Migrant Labour in the Gulf
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "Rice University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I74775410",
"lat": 29.76328,
"long": -95.36327,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Kristian Coates Ulrichsen",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026146140"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Workforce",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778139618"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Demographic economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Demography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Qatar",
"Saudi Arabia",
"Oman"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1575664950",
"https://openalex.org/W1914331154",
"https://openalex.org/W1990601021",
"https://openalex.org/W2002588199",
"https://openalex.org/W2021408169",
"https://openalex.org/W2023431409",
"https://openalex.org/W2032073882",
"https://openalex.org/W2134166919",
"https://openalex.org/W3119552190",
"https://openalex.org/W4211262943",
"https://openalex.org/W4246285875",
"https://openalex.org/W4252842194"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2411024539
|
This chapter explores how the Gulf States developed into the largest recipients of inward labour migration, primarily from the Global South, in the world. It examines how the rise of dual labour markets, split between public/private sectors and citizens/expatriates, is linked inextricably to the political economy of the redistributive welfare state models that developed with the oil era. This has created a segmented workforce with pronounced hierarchies among both the citizen population and the foreign communities that make up the contemporary demographic pyramid in the Gulf. Although the scale of the demographic imbalance varies considerably across the six Gulf States, with Oman and Saudi Arabia having the lowest proportion of non-nationals and Qatar and the UAE the highest, they share certain characteristics in common. These include the hard truth that many of the region’s ‘mega-projects’ and development plans would likely not have been possible without the ‘cheap and transitory labour power’ of migrant workers.1
|
[
{
"display_name": "Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463716",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W244246091
|
Roots of Civic Identity
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Miranda Yates",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046022496"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "James Youniss",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010584429"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Globe",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775899829"
},
{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Democracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555826173"
},
{
"display_name": "Identity (music)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778355321"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
},
{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
},
{
"display_name": "Public administration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Acoustics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24890656"
},
{
"display_name": "Ophthalmology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118487528"
}
] |
[
"Palestine",
"State of Palestine"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W244246091
|
Miranda Yates and James Youniss have brought together an international collection of essays that describe the state of community participation among the world's youth. Authors from around the globe use empirical data to present portraits of youth constructing their civic identities through such means as community service. Youth seek to resolve ideological tensions, such as in Northern Ireland and Palestine; to overcome corrupting political practices, such as in Italy and Taiwan; to deal with disillusionment, such as in Palestine and the emerging Eastern European nations; and to bridge barriers against youth's meaningful participation in the working of society, such as in Canada and Japan. Special conditions, such as the diminution of the welfare state, for instance, in former West Germany, and the rapid turn towards democracy in former East Germany offer insight into the process through which youth try to establish meaningful person-state relationships.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462995",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2088731109
|
Policy paradigms and the dynamics of the welfare state: the Israeli welfare state and the Zionist colonial project
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I197251160",
"lat": 31.76904,
"long": 35.21633,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Zeev Rosenhek",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085961289"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Immigration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Judaism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150152722"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
},
{
"display_name": "Colonialism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C531593650"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare reform",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777022163"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Public administration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Palestine",
"State of Palestine"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W4371184",
"https://openalex.org/W4244020777"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2088731109
|
Explains the development of Israel’s welfare state, concentrating on the labour exchange system and housing. Links the development of the Zionist welfare state to economic and political conditions, in particular state‐building and the management of the Palestinian community within the state. Refers to literature on policy paradigms. Notes the stable institutional infrastructures developed by the Jewish community in Palestine and the Zionist labour movement, which led to an embryonic welfare state. Recounts the development of the labour exchange process and the public housing policy, describing how the policies reinforced statehood – settling immigrants into areas where Jewish presence needed strengthening and, at first, largely excluding the Palestinian community from access to housing and the labour process. Points out that, over time, the exclusion of Palestinians became unrealistic. Concludes that Israel’s welfare state was determined by political conditions of developing statehood – most importantly the exodus of Palestinians and the influx of Jewish immigrants.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S84394799",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4205767342
|
The Impoverished
|
[] |
[
{
"display_name": "Judaism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150152722"
},
{
"display_name": "Jewish state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776769304"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Progressivism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777533384"
},
{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213"
},
{
"display_name": "Poor relief",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780456498"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Public administration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Narrative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199033989"
},
{
"display_name": "Work (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Poverty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189326681"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
}
] |
[
"Palestine",
"State of Palestine"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205767342
|
The culmination of an ambitious and unique campaign to make humanitarianism self-sufficient, comprehensive reconstruction work became the focus of and heir to all previous international Jewish social welfare work. This chapter considers this humanitarian response to Jewish impoverishment as a result of war. Superimposing American wealth and Progressivism onto long-standing Jewish self-help ideology, prewar vocational training, housing construction, and agricultural colonization were revived and expanded, especially in the Soviet Union. Crucially, this involved the creation of two American-Western European foundations to foster Jewish microlending and cooperative systems in Eastern Europe and Palestine. Jewish reconstruction sat somewhere between state social welfare and international development. The crash of 1929 made economic relief the primary form of Jewish relief and serves as an endpoint to the narrative.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4386924792
|
Transnational dynamics of family reunification: reassembling social work with refugees in Belgium
|
[] |
[
{
"display_name": "Family reunification",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775989988"
},
{
"display_name": "Refugee",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C173145845"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Dynamics (music)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145912823"
},
{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
},
{
"display_name": "Social dynamics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67469775"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Social science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Immigration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468"
},
{
"display_name": "Pedagogy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19417346"
}
] |
[
"Palestine",
"State of Palestine",
"Syria",
"Somalia",
"Iraq"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386924792
|
How do transnational dynamics of family reunification impact social work? This chapter focuses on the transnational dynamics of family reunification. We specifically look at the lifeworld-dynamics of family relations beyond boundaries and parenting at a distance, but also at the ways in which both families and social workers deal with politically fabricated institutional and legal boundaries. Based on 30 in-depth interviews with refugee families from Afghanistan, Eritrea, Iraq, Palestine, Somalia and Syria as well as 35 in-depth interviews with (in)formal social workers in Belgium, we analyse the impact of separation and reunification on family dynamics before, during and after the application for family reunification. We also explore how Belgian social workers deal with transnational issues pertaining to family reunification. Accompanying families throughout processes of family reunification challenges social workers to transcend the boundaries that underpin their work as agents within the national welfare state. Relationships between subjects of social work are increasingly exceeding state boundaries and moving ‘in between’ borders. Consequently, we argue that social work needs to be reassembled to fit this transnational reality and position itself within a transnational assemblage of power.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Policy Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463762",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W247070792
|
"The environment as a cause of disease in children": Josef Friedjung's transnational influence on modern child welfare theory.
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "Hunter College",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I39694355",
"lat": 40.71427,
"long": -74.00597,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Elizabeth Ann Danto",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090651384"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Argument (complex analysis)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98184364"
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"Palestine",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W247070792
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Josef K. Friedjung's Advanced Pediatrics--A Companion to Traditional Textbooks (Erlebte Kinderheilkunde--eine Ergänzung er gebräuchlichen Lehrbucher), published in 1919 in Vienna, has cast a long but nearly-vanished shadow over modern child welfare theory. The originality of his focus on "the whole child" was in some ways a commentary on Sigmund Freud, but its overtly progressive political character gave Friedjung's argument visible applicability within the field of urban social welfare. As a pediatrician and an ardent cosmopolitan, Friedjung was willing to consider conflicting values between traditional family systems and the state. Had the Nazis not forced him into exile in Palestine, where he died in 1946, Friedjung's pioneering oeuvre would have joined our child welfare narrative long ago. Fortunately today archival evidence on which this study draws, fragmented as it is in both German and English, does confirm that the first and second generation psychoanalysts, Friedjung among them, built a mental health movement around a social justice core closely allied to the cultural context of central Europe from 1918 to 1933. In many ways, child welfare as we know it emerged as a practical implementation of that ideology.
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https://openalex.org/W4243234409
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Property Rights
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4243234409
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Beginning about 1850 and continuing for seventy years, the major economies of the world turned increasingly to private property arrangements and free trade. Even Czarist Russia westernized its economy. Observable erosion in this trend began during the First World War, although underlying causes began somewhat earlier in various political movements. Thus, in the late years of the nineteenth century in the United States, partly as a result of populist political pressures, laws regulating railroads, banks and insurance companies were adopted, as was the Sherman Antitrust Act. In Europe and Britain the welfare state emerged, and Russia, in 1917, trembled through its communist revolution, an experience that was to shape its economy for seven decades. Most economies in the world joined the shift toward socialism or communism during the ensuing seventy-year period. Then, toward the end of the 1980s, social organization began to swing back toward private property arrangements, especially in Central and East Europe but also in the West and in parts of the Pacific region.
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https://openalex.org/W1974787705
|
FINANCE AND WELFARE: THE IMPACT OF TWO WORLD WARS ON DOMESTIC POLICY IN FRANCE
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974787705
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Fathers, families, and the state in France, 1914–1945 . By Kristen Stromberg Childers. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003. Pp. 261. ISBN 0-8014-4122-6. £23.95. Origins of the French welfare state: the struggle for social reform in France, 1914–1947 . By Paul V. Dutton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. 251. ISBN 0-521-81334-4. £49.99. Britain, France, and the financing of the First World War . By Martin Horn. Montreal and Kingston: McGill – Queen's University Press, 2002. Pp. 249. ISBN 0-7735-2293- X . £65.00. The gold standard illusion: France, the Bank of France and the International Gold Standard, 1914–1939 . By Kenneth Mouré. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. 297. ISBN 0-19-924904-0. £40.00. Workers' participation in post-Liberation France . By Adam Steinhouse. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2001. Pp. 245. ISBN 0-7391-0282-6. $70.00 (hb). ISBN 0-7391-0283-4. $24.95 (pbk). In the traditional historiography of twentieth-century France the period after the Second World War is usually contrasted favourably with that after 1918. After 1945, new men with new ideas, born out of the shock of defeat in 1940 and resistance to Nazi occupation, laid the basis for an economic and social democracy. The welfare state was created, women were given full voting rights, and French security, in both economic and territorial respects, was partially guaranteed by integrating West Germany into a new supranational institutional structure in Western Europe. 1945 was to mark the beginning of the ‘30 glorious years’ of peace and prosperity enjoyed by an expanding population in France. In sharp contrast, the years after 1918 are characterized as a period dominated by France's failed attempts to restore its status as a great power. Policies based on making the German taxpayer finance France's restoration are blamed for contributing to the great depression after 1929 and the rise of Hitler. However, as more research is carried out into the social and economic reconstruction of France after both world wars, it is becoming clear that the basis of what was to become the welfare state after 1945 was laid in the aftermath of the First World War. On the other hand, new reforms adopted in 1945 which did not build on interwar policies, such as those designed to give workers a voice in decision-making at the workplace, proved to be short-lived.
|
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|
https://openalex.org/W4253951974
|
Nomad Labour
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[
"West Bank",
"Gaza Strip",
"Gaza",
"Israel"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4253951974
|
The above quotation, taken as it is from Marx’s reference to 1864 England, authentically describes the reality of Arab labour in Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990; a reality of over 120,000 Palestinian workers commuting daily or weekly from their homes in the occupied territories to Israel’s employment centres. This army of workers constitutes about 6% of the Israeli work force, about 50% of the Gaza Strip employees and about 30% of the West Bank Palestinian employees. Beyond the anecdotal and analogical value of the above quotation, Marx here touches on one of the most important properties of what he defines as the industrial reserve army: this is the property of nomadism. The twin concepts of nomad labour versus spatially fixed labour are developed below as a basis for a discussion on the role of the industrial reserve army in modern industrial society and the implications thereof to the social meaning of Arab labour in Israel. More specifically the proposition is as follows: 1. Most theoretical considerations of the issue of Palestinian labour in Israel have followed social theory in that they have not fully appreciated the dominance of nationalism in modern society, its role in the emergence of the Western welfare state and consequently, in the phenomenon of labour market segmentation. 2. The emergence of nationalism as the generative order of modern society gave rise to the welfare nation-state, which in turn entailed the spatial fixation of national labour, the inefficiency of unemployment as a creator of an industrial reserve army, and consequently, the segmentation of the labour market between spatially fixed national workers and nomad foreign workers as an industrial reserve army. 3. The economic growth in Israel following the Six Day War in 1967 resulted in the spatial fixation of most of the Israeli labour force and consequently, in a lack of an industrial reserve army in the economy. This vacuum was filled by the Palestinian surplus population in the occupied territories, which has gradually been integrated into Israel’s spatial economy as nomad foreign labour. 4. The integration of the Palestinians in the Israeli spatial economy feeds back upon nationalism by strengthening Palestinian national identity and by transforming the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from a national into a class-national conflict. This last point is prominent in the intifada — the current Palestinian uprising in the occupied territories. The reality of the labour market as analysed below has been central in the emergence of the uprising and plays an important role in its currert development.
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https://openalex.org/W2811323347
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Comment on “Instability in Europe and Its Impact on Asia”
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2811323347
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Kaji (2018) explains in her introduction that three unintended consequences of European integration became renewed sources of instability and crises. While the European Union (EU) succeeded in economic integration, it has given rise to the following three unintended consequences: (i) growing anti-integrationist movements and Brexit; (ii) skepticism about the benefits of the free movements; and (iii) the burden of the welfare state, which brought social exclusion and populism movements of unemployed workers. The welfare state does not belong to European integration, but rather to each member state of the EU. So, problems of the welfare state should be checked up not at the EU but at the member state level. We saw in 2016 that the Brexit campaign led by populist politicians was victorious and Mr. Trump was chosen as the president of the USA. Although developed continental countries have guarded their welfare states, the UK departed from its postwar welfare system from the Margaret Thatcher government era in the 1980s and went step by step to a laissez-faire system of the Anglo-Saxon type similar to the USA. So, it was not the burden of the welfare state, but rather the weakness of the welfare state that strengthened populism and social exclusion. Kaji (2018) grasps postwar European integration as a continuous unity. There were qualitative changes at least twice. When the USA and the UK switched to neoliberal capitalism and financial globalization in the 1980s, the continental European Community countries had to follow up with the single market integration which began in 1985. The single market had to be followed up by monetary integration in the 1990s to avoid a possible breakup, which might have happened with attacks by hedge funds and investment banks (mainly Anglo-Saxon institutions) under the free movement of capital. The second change happened when the neoliberal global capitalist system broke down in the Lehman crisis. The crisis dramatically worsened budget deficits in almost all capitalist countries. The southern European countries fell into government debt crises, which developed into the euro crisis from 2010 onwards. After the Lehman crisis, Europe has been living in the era of the post-Lehman crisis. As Kaji (2018) explains in detail, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, the GIIPS countries, have endured tough times. In the era of the post-Lehman crisis, income gaps, social exclusion, and populism prevail. They are problems of modern capitalism rather than those of the European integration per se, though populists peg the blame on Brussels. Kaji (2018) expects that a new Franco-German leadership will move Europe forward to tackle the three unintended consequences. The economic scene in Europe changed in 2017. Every EU country recorded positive economic growth, and higher economic growth is expected to continue in 2018 and 2019. But how will the EU be able to fight successfully against the serious problems mentioned earlier? Kaji (2018) does not appear to be so confident, since she refers to the possible defeat of President Macron in 5 years’ time. Kaji (2018) explains what happened from 1970s to the Brexit referendum and how the UK has fallen into chaos in the face of the Brexits negotiation with the EU. But, it is not so clear what made the UK exit from the EU. Kaji points out two “problems”: dissatisfaction of the voters with the present regime and the divide between the integrationists and the anti-integrationists. Her reasoning appears to be a kind of tautology and does not explain why the UK chose to exit. In her final section, Kaji (2018) discusses the impacts of possible instability in the EU on Asia and the global trading system through trade, financial, and free trade agreement (FTA) channels. Kaji (2018) says the EU is the largest guardian of free trade and explains the FTA networks of the EU with Japan, Canada, and other many countries. But, she also points out that the EU will turn protectionist. Why will the guardian of free trade turn protectionist? The answer is: there has been instability in the EU such as the North–South and the East–West divides and/or a possible government change in France or other happenings in the future. If the EU turns protectionist, Asia will receive a direct hit in trade in goods and the USA will be hit hardest in services trade. This story seems confusing. First of all, it turns everything upside down. The game changer for the global trading system is the USA under the Trump administration. It is protectionist and wants to change the global trade rules. The EU has been resisting the protectionist president in several ways. Second, is not a more careful analysis indispensable before Kaji says that the EU will turn protectionist? It seems unclear why the divides or other elements that Kaji (2018) points out will turn the EU to become protectionist. The EU maintained its multilateral free trade system during the euro crisis and even in the economic stagnation after the crisis. France will not be able to turn protectionist even under a populist government, because its economy will die. Its very high percentage export share in gross domestic product (GDP) (46%) will also exert a big impact on the EU to remain a multilateral free trader in the future. The future is unknown, but Kaji’s last section is not persuasive enough because she says that the EU will be neither a free trader nor a protectionist.
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https://openalex.org/W2209967459
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A Welfare State Approach to Islamic Polity
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2209967459
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This paper builds upon the following critique of Islamic economics: (a) Persistence on the literal interpretation of what the theology of Islamic law implies socioeconomically, (b) Rejection subsequently of the core western economic principle of homo economicus cum-competition, though homo economicus behavior is innermost to absence of riba alfadl (of exploitation in the goods market) in the large at least impersonal markets of our times, (c) Rejection, because of the ahistorical view of the West and hence, of inability to realize that the Cold War European welfare state with a constitution inspired by social solidarity as it derives not politically but religiously from Islamic law might be worth followed by Islam, and (d) Identification of riba an-nasiya (of exploitation in the financial markets) with zero interest rate charges and not with zero commercial bank seigniorage.
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https://openalex.org/W3144869309
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A Critical Overview of Islamic Economics from a Welfare-State Perspective
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3144869309
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This paper builds upon the following critique of Islamic economics: (a) Persistence on the literal interpretation of what the theology of Islamic law implies socioeconomically, (b) Rejection subsequently of the core western economic principle of homo economicus-cum-competition, though homo economicus behavior is innermost to absence of riba al-fadl (of exploitation in the goods markets) in the large atleast impersonal markets of our times, (c) Rejection, because of the ahistorical view of the West and hence, of inability to realize that the Cold War European welfare state with a constitution inspired by social solidarity as it derives not politically but religiously from Islamic law, might be worth followed by Islam, and (d) Identification of riba an-nasiya (of exploitation in the financial markets) with zero interest rate charges and not with zero commercial bank seigniorage.
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https://openalex.org/W2301889272
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A Critical Overview of Islamic Economics from a Welfare-State Perspective
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This paper builds upon the following critique of Islamic economics: (a) Persistence on the literal interpretation of what the theology of Islamic law implies socioeconomically, (b) Rejection subsequently of the core western economic principle of homo economicus-cum-competition, though homo economicus behavior is innermost to absence of riba al-fadl (of exploitation in the goods markets) in the large atleast impersonal markets of our times, (c) Rejection, because of the ahistorical view of the West and hence, of inability to realize that the Cold War European welfare state with a constitution inspired by social solidarity as it derives not politically but religiously from Islamic law, might be worth followed by Islam, and (d) Identification of riba an-nasiya (of exploitation in the financial markets) with zero interest rate charges and not with zero commercial bank seigniorage.
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https://openalex.org/W3121959850
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A Critical Overview of Islamic Economics from a Welfare-State Perspective
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121959850
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This paper builds upon the following critique of Islamic economics: (a) Persistence on the literal interpretation of what the theology of Islamic law implies socioeconomically, (b) Rejection subsequently of the core western economic principle of homo economicus-cum-competition, though homo economicus behavior is innermost to absence of riba al-fadl (of exploitation in the goods markets) in the large atleast impersonal markets of our times, (c) Rejection, because of the ahistorical view of the West and hence, of inability to realize that the Cold War European welfare state with a constitution inspired by social solidarity as it derives not politically but religiously from Islamic law, might be worth followed by Islam, and (d) Identification of riba an-nasiya (of exploitation in the financial markets) with zero interest rate charges and not with zero commercial bank seigniorage.
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https://openalex.org/W1995448514
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Networks and Communal Autonomy as Practice: Health, Education, and Social Welfare in Lebanon
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995448514
|
Building on ideas of networked governance and non-territorial autonomy, this article uses aspects of Lebanese public policy to show that significant functional communal autonomy can be achieved in the absence of coherent institutions designed to support it. In this way, the article argues that norms, notions of legitimacy, and behavioral practices are as important as institutional design in understanding communal autonomy. An overview of the Lebanese education, health, and welfare systems provides an understanding of how communal governance operates and interacts with the state across several policy areas. These policy areas are also used to explore issues of individual autonomy and state strength.
|
[
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W4238987840
|
Islamists and the State
|
[
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{
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[
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4238987840
|
In the wake of the uprisings throughout the Middle East in late 2010 and early 2011, the role of Islamist parties in the political process has taken on a new importance. But counter to the commonly held belief in the West that Islamist groups aim to challenge the authority of the state itself, both Islah of Yemen and Hizbollah in Lebanon are political organisations, with aspirations to work with and through state structures. In this book, Stacey Philbrick Yadav highlights how once these Islamist organisations became part of the institutionalised and formalised state apparatus, Islamist participation can instead stengthen the state. She therefore examines the meanings that the members of the parties attach to their relationship to existing regimes and the state institutions through which power is distributed and exercised. Of course, gaps in state planning allow these two parties unique opportunities to take on some of the responsibilities of the state. This has been especially prominent in the case of Hizballah, which sought to position itself as a provider of welfare at a time when the Lebanese state, brought low by civil war, could not carry out this service.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3203855588
|
Financialization and Welfare Surveillance: Regulating the Poor in Technological Times
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{
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[
"Lebanon",
"Syria"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3203855588
|
In light of concerns that the technologies employed by the digital welfare state exacerbate inequality and oppression, this article considers contemporary shifts in the administration of social assistance. Specifically, it examines the surveillance of recipients of government income support focusing on marginalized peoples in two jurisdictions: social security recipients subject to the Cashless Debit Card (CDC) in Australia, many of whom are Indigenous, and persons under the purview of the Lebanon One Unified Inter-Organizational System for E-Cards (LOUISE) in Lebanon, many of whom are Syrian refugees. Taken together, the cases illuminate embedded ideologies and adverse experiences associated with the financialization of social assistance and the digitization of cash. Through a dual case study approach, this analysis draws out patterns as well as contextual distinctions to illustrate how technological changes reflect financialization trends and attempt neoliberal assimilation of social welfare recipients through intensive surveillance, albeit with disparate outcomes. After considering how these dynamics play out in each case, the article concludes by reflecting on the contradictions that emerge in relation to the promises of empowerment and individual responsibility through financialized logics and technologies.
|
[
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"display_name": "Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2660500643
|
Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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[
"Lebanon",
"Iraq"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2660500643
|
COMPASSIONATE COMMUNALISM: WELFARE AND SECTARIANISM IN LEBANON Melani Cammett Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014 (xv + 315 pages, bibliography, index, illustrations, maps) $82.95 (cloth) $27.95 (paper)Reviewed by Paul KingstonThis impressive book by Melani Cammett examines patterns of welfare distribution by sectarian political parties in Lebanon, with some brief comparisons with patterns of sectarian welfare distribution in Iraq (the al-Sadr Movement) and India (the BJP). It is product of exemplary and extensive research over many years and employs a variety of methods, including GIS mapping determine bricks and mortar location of sectarian welfare agencies and a large national survey (almost three thousand households) followed up by in-depth qualitative interviewing. Its historicized analysis improves our understanding of variation in patterns of welfare distribution among communally based political parties in country, be it welfare distributed those within a particular communal group (ingroups) or outside of it (out-groups), or those who are core supporters versus those who are non-core supporters of a particular sectarian party.To structure her analysis, Cammett puts forth and tests two main hypotheses: that approach sectarian welfare distribution is conditioned, first, by degree which a party's political strategy is state-centric or non-state-centric and, second, by degree which sectarian political parties face high levels of intra-sectarian competition. The interaction of these two variables explains variations in welfare distributional practice of particular sectarian political parties over time and between different sectarian political parties at particular moments.Cammett begins her analysis by asking why sectarian political parties in Lebanon became involved in welfare distribution in first place. Through an unpacking of various possible explanations, she succeeds in constructing a complex answer this question, stressing that the logic of sectarian welfare outreach cannot be reduced a single factor (3). With respect argument that sectarian parties are interested in welfare service delivery in order strengthen bonds of communalism-to become guardian of community (14)-Cammett argues that this explanation is compromised by fact of widespread distribution of welfare goods outside of communal groups. With respect suggestion that sectarian welfare provision is motivated by a charitable desire serve needy, Cammett argues that her findings indicate that sectarian welfare is not always delivered most needy, nor are sectarian welfare agencies necessarily located within poorest neighborhoods. This observation opens opportunity for an analysis of political motivations behind sectarian welfare distribution, given that it is clear, she argues, that sectarian parties are making choices as to whom reward, attract, and exclude (4).Cammett's strongest explanation for rise of nonstate provision of social welfare relates inability of Lebanese state provide universal access public goods and social services for its citizens. This weakness stems from country's system of sectarian power sharing, cemented in place since French Mandate. This system, Cammett explains, has created incentives for parties seek monopolistic control over representation of their respective communities in part through establishment of nonstate systems of public goods service provision in health care, education, and social welfare (59). Constrained by rising infrastructural power of various sectarian communities, attempts strengthen role of Lebanese state in field of development and public goods delivery, especially in 1960s during Shihab presidency, were of limited success and were subsequently undone by country's long civil war, which had devastating effects on Lebanon's public health infrastructure. …
|
[
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"display_name": "Arab Studies Journal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764408163",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2075676094
|
The limits to democracy posed by oil rentier states: The cases of Algeria, Nigeria and Libya
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Camilla Sandbakken",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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[
"Algeria",
"Libya"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075676094
|
Rentier state theory is a set of ideas about why states with considerable natural resource wealth appear to have very similar economic and political development trajectories. This article looks more closely at the proposition that oil rentier states have specific features that make them unlikely to become consolidated democracies. It narrows down the rentier state framework to three such features: first, that rentier states do not rely on taxation for income and thus are released from democratic obligations to their taxpayers; second, that the state spends oil revenues on placating and repressing its population; and third, that the social structure in rentier states leaves very little room for democratic opposition. In comparing three African rentier states, namely Algeria, Nigeria and Libya, the article finds some sections of rentier state theory to have more explanatory value than others. In all three cases government spending on welfare and repression has helped dampen the pressures for democratization. The social structure argument seems more valid for Algeria and Nigeria than for Libya. In none of the cases does the link between taxation and representation appear to be a significant determinant of regime type. Although the study confirms that oil wealth is associated with autocracy, the causal mechanisms of rentier state theory could benefit from being refined.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Democratization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S110268115",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2581707656
|
Do Associations Support Authoritarian Rule? Tentative Answers from Algeria, Mozambique, and Vietnam
|
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"display_name": "German Institute for Global and Area Studies",
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"display_name": "Authoritarianism",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
"display_name": "Democracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555826173"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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[
"Algeria"
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"https://openalex.org/W1975971809",
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"https://openalex.org/W4252192142",
"https://openalex.org/W4252608617",
"https://openalex.org/W4255003701"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2581707656
|
Whether associations help to democratise authoritarian rule or support those in power is a contested issue that so far lacks a cross-regional perspective. Drawing on relational sociology, this paper explores the impact of state power in Algeria, Mozambique, and Vietnam on associations and vice versa. We focus on decision-making in associations and on three policy areas – welfare policy concerning HIV/AIDS, economic policy concerning small and medium-sized enterprises, policies concerning gender equality and the rights of women and sexual minorities – to assess the relations between associations and the state’s infrastructural and discursive power. Most associations interviewed by us in the three countries accept or do not openly reject the state’s and/or the state ruling party’s various forms of interference in internal decision-making processes. Whereas associations in Algeria and Vietnam help to maintain the state’s control through welfare provision, associations in Mozambique can weaken this form of infrastructural state power. Moreover, business and professionals’ associations in all three countries help maintain the state’s control through limited participation, i.e. another form of infrastructural state power. Finally, associations in all three countries support the state’s discourse and policies in the area of gender equality and women’s rights, though in all three countries at least some NGOs help weaken this form of state power.
|
[
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"display_name": "Social Science Research Network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W1981914576
|
Amelia H. Lyons. The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian Families and the French Welfare State during Decolonization.
|
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{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "University of California, Berkeley",
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"display_name": "Tyler Stovall",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C51575053"
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{
"display_name": "Decolonization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C135544838"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
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{
"display_name": "Unit (ring theory)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122637931"
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{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Genealogy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C53553401"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C145420912"
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[
"Algeria"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981914576
|
The rise of the welfare state and decolonization are two of the major characteristics of France, and Western Europe as a whole, in the decades after World War II. In this thoroughly researched and cogently argued study, Amelia H. Lyons looks at the intersections between them, and in particular at how French welfare agencies sought to shape and reshape the lives of Algerian families living in the metropole just before and during the Algerian War. In doing so, she underscores the importance of considering metropole and colony as a single, internally variegated unit, and the interaction between the two as central to the making of modern France. What emerges is a portrait of a bureaucratic apparatus driven by competing, and at times conflicting goals with regard to Algerian immigrants, trying to integrate them into French society at a time when their very Frenchness was increasingly open to question. One unusual, and innovative, aspect of Lyons's study is her decision to focus on Algerian families in France at a time when the overwhelming majority of the immigrant population consisted of single men, or those who had left their families behind in Algeria. Although the book devotes extensive coverage to the experiences of immigrant men in France, it sees women and families as the key concern of welfare practitioners and agencies. This arises out of the primary goal pursued by social services when dealing with Algerian immigrants, namely to transform them into civilized French men and women by ridding them of their backward cultural practices. Over and over again Lyons cites statements by welfare and social service workers to the effect that Algerians must become modern and cast off their traditional “primitivism” in order to prosper in France. Their problem was neither poverty nor racism, but rather their own need to embrace French modernity and universalism.
|
[
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"display_name": "The American Historical Review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S197437610",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4210449012
|
Algeria's foreign relations will be thorny for a while
|
[] |
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{
"display_name": "Subsidy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84265765"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778358470"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C7991579"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2994499861"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C197487636"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C93377909"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322"
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{
"display_name": "Isolation (microbiology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775941552"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Microbiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C89423630"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
}
] |
[
"Algeria",
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4210449012
|
Significance Algiers had recalled the ambassador in response to French President Emmanuel Macron's criticism of the Algerian state. Algeria has experienced other diplomatic clashes in recent months, notably with Morocco. These reflect serious challenges and a growing degree of diplomatic isolation, even though they offer some distraction from domestic political, social and economic challenges. Impacts Social unrest is likely as the 2022 budget transforms welfare distribution, replacing universal food subsidies with means-tested benefits. The diplomatic rupture and limits on transportation links will make working across Algeria and Morocco more difficult for businesses. French relations with and perceptions of Algeria will be part of the French presidential campaign.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Emerald expert briefings",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210217702",
"type": "journal"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W2321391956
|
From a Nation Torn: Decolonizing art and representation in France, 1945–1962 by Hannah Feldman, and: The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian families and the French welfare state during decolonization by Amelia Lyons
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Muriam Haleh Davis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024040993"
}
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{
"display_name": "Decolonization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C135544838"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Representation (politics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776359362"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Immigration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468"
},
{
"display_name": "Modernization theory",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C53844881"
},
{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Algeria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2321391956
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Reviewed by: From a Nation Torn: Decolonizing art and representation in France, 1945–1962 by Hannah Feldman, and: The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian families and the French welfare state during decolonization by Amelia Lyons Muriam Haleh Davis From a Nation Torn: Decolonizing art and representation in France, 1945–1962 By Hannah Feldman. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2014. The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian families and the French welfare state during decolonization. By Amelia Lyons. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013. Over the past decade, it has become increasingly difficult to consider the history of postwar metropolitan France without acknowledging the role that France’s colonies played in its transformation. The importance of Algeria, which was legally considered to be an integral part of France, has received particular attention in this literature as historians have tried to account for the entangled histories of modernization, decolonization, immigration, and European integration. The works by Hannah Feldman and Amelia Lyons both seek to continue this line of inquiry, asking: How did the presence of Algerians on French soil and the Algerian War influence the political possibilities in the metropole? Moreover, how were these subjects rendered visible to the larger body politic? In addressing the legacy of decolonization in France, the authors treat two quite disparate topics. Amelia Lyons investigates how the French welfare state tackled questions of racial and cultural difference as it created a new set of institutions that aimed to provide Algerians in France with social services. Hannah Feldman, on the other hand, investigates how the “decades of decolonization” engendered a new nexus of cultural production, political expression, and national belonging through a study of aesthetic practices. The notion of decolonization has been particularly fraught in the Algerian case, where an insistence that Algeria was an integral part of France led many to view the conflict as a civil war in the 1950s. In fact, these violent years once referred to as a “war without a name” have given way to a historiography that centers on the collective amnesia regarding the violence and aftermath of the Algerian War. Following in that direction, Lyons and Feldman are both concerned with accounting for how Algerians were erased from the historical record. Feldman interrogates the visual practices that attempted to substitute a universal “humanity” in place of a “failed colonial project,” while Lyons highlights the tension between the French state, which sought to make “the Algerian problem literally disappear,” and the agency of Algerians who refused “to be invisible by making demands for a better life” (160). Yet against this backdrop of colonialism and visibility, the question of what one means by decolonization lingers. Both authors draw from Todd Shepard’s important work on the “invention” of decolonization in 1962, but their work shows how the meaning of decolonization itself remains up for grabs—even at a point at which the field has definitively come into its own. Feldman notes that her use of the word “decolonizing” in the title is tied to the fact that it is both an adjective and a verb. Put differently, the term signals both a “historical contest” (between colonized and colonizer) as well as our own struggles as researchers to reject colonial ways of reading (or seeing) our sources. Lyons has a more standard understanding of decolonization as a historical period, but it is worth noting that both authors start their studies in the immediate postwar period, thus expanding the temporal frame of decolonization and providing a lens for understanding the continuities between the Fourth and Fifth Republics. Feldman begins her monograph by specifying that she is interested in the movement of decolonization that was unleashed by the massacre at Sétif in 1945. This periodization helps her to situate her first chapter, which examines the French writer and first minister of cultural affairs, André Malraux, in light of the concerns that emerged out of the Second World War. His Voices of Silence, a series of essays interjected with photographic reproductions, was published in 1951 and echoed the “dehistoricizing impulse” of the Fourth Republic (36). Malraux’s conviction that images could circulate independently from any historical or geographical context was the result of an aesthetic...
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https://openalex.org/W832072304
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The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian Families and the French Welfare State during Decolonization
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At the intersection of France's post-war welfare state and the growing crisis surrounding colonial rule in Algeria, Amelia Lyons's original and carefully researched study charts the emergence of ‘the civilizing mission in the metropole’ between the late 1940s and Algerian independence in 1962. Contrary to the image of single men clutching battered suitcases, which long stood for Algerian migration to France prior to the mid-1970s, from the late 1940s women and children made up a growing minority of those crossing the Mediterranean. Under the Fourth Republic's constitution ‘French Muslims from Algeria’ in Metropolitan France enjoyed the same rights as other French citizens, including entitlement to benefits, social services, and public housing. In practice, discrimination and poverty forced many families into squalid, overcrowded accommodation, epitomized by the bidonvilles. Lyons shows how their presence became a growing preoccupation for the French authorities and evoked a complex range of responses. During the 1950s a national network of supplementary services emerged, linking private charitable associations, semi-public institutions such as the Société nationale de construction de logements pour les travailleurs originaires d'Algérie et leurs familles, and the ‘expertise’ of officials often transferred from the Maghreb. While the book focuses on programmes in mainland France, it also offers an effective demonstration of ‘the fluid connections between metropole and colony’ (p. 38). Lyons argues persuasively that family migration was cautiously welcomed as a natural development, seen as an opportunity to inculcate ‘universal’ French values, demonstrate the generosity of the Republican project, and anchor male migration within a domestic setting considered less conducive to nationalist politics. Targeted welfare programmes, accordingly, sought ‘to serve openly and monitor quietly’ (p. 13). The integrative injunction — framed as ‘adaptation’ — rested on a conservative model of the nuclear family that privileged the twin roles of mother and housewife; instruction for women ranged from child-rearing and hygiene classes to household budgeting advice. In her nuanced analysis Lyons unpicks the gendered and culturalist assumptions underpinning social-worker interventions, revealing how infantilizing colonial tropes of backwardness and passivity frequently coexisted with genuine concerns for the material plight of families and the discrimination they suffered. Housing receives particular attention, in two chapters that demonstrate the ambivalence of slum clearance policies. The official goal of rehousing Algerian families away from bidonvilles saw the creation of specialist agencies that perpetuated the very segregation they claimed to be working against. Families were filtered through placements in rudimentary transitional units intended to ‘prepare’ them for mainstream HLM apartments, yet in reality this provisional solution often endured, and, in circular fashion, reinforced the idea that the families constituted a ‘problem’ category. Based on extensive archival research, the book seeks to dissect official discourse and practice. While the responses of Algerians to these programmes are largely confined to intuition and reading against the grain, the result is an impressive and thought-provoking account. Keenly attuned to the contemporary echoes of this history, the book closes with reference to Joan Scott's searing critique of post-1989 headscarf debates in Politics of the Veil (Princeton University Press, 2007). At the same time, Lyons succeeds in conveying the singularities of a period when the settlement of Algerian families in France was both encouraged and instrumentalized.
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The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism: A Lesson from Algeria
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After the seminal work of Titmuss () who discusses the ways to do social protection, many researchers have analyzed and compared welfare state systems around the world. One of the most influential contributions in this field is the book of Gosta Esping Andersen () who assumes that there exist three worlds of welfare stats: the universal, the liberal-residual and the corporatist one. The Esping Andersen book has become a classic reference in the debate about social protection. This article contributes to the debate by providing an economic evaluation of the Algerian social protection system relying Esping Andersen typology. We will discuss how the Algerian government attempts to use a social protection system to provide a better life for the citizens and ultimately to avoid Arab-spring-inspired events.
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Le système algérien de protection sociale: entre Bismarckien et Beveridgien
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Social security systems are often treated according to their epistemology. The bismarckian and beverdgian systems could be the origin of all social protection systems. The firs was created by Bismark at 1883 in Germany, it was based on the insurance principal. The beverigian system was instituted by the lord Beveridge in Great Britain on 1941, it was financed by taxes, its aim was to extend social coverage to the biggest part of population. Otherwise, We can distinguish between three cluster of social protection systems according intervention degrees of different actors (State, market and family). The first cluster is the “liberal” welfare state, characterized by means-tested assistance, modest universal transfers, and modest social-insurance plans. This welfare state provides very limited social rights. The second cluster is the “corporatist” type. In this type the focus is on preserving status differentials. Rights are therefore attached to status. The state may play a role in de-commodification, but it has a very limited role in redistribution. Corporatist regimes are typically shaped by the church, and as such have a conservative orientation and an ideological commitment to the family. The third cluster is the “universalist” welfare state, in which welfare state benefits are extended to the middle class in an attempt to avoid a dualism between state and market. How about the Algerian social protection system? It was been created on 1949, in the first years of its creation the system was contributive. The Algerian social protection system has undergone several reforms since independence. Some laws have been established to extend coverage to higher part of population. This extending was carried out through ‘’beverdgian’’ principle. It means to provide benefit to the poor population without counterpart of contribution. This gives deficit of the treasury of the social security funds. Otherwise, evolution in Algerian macroeconomic context, the passage form planned economy to the open market economy and the disability for the government to reach full employment have given some new forms of informal employment. On 2011, 46% of economically active population hasn’t any social coverage (Office National des Statistiques). These workers don’t pay their social contribution but can get benefit like entitled of an insured or thanks to free health care. We will try in this paper to analyse the social security system in parallel with labor market, we emphasize the public intervention on social security system, the degree of this intervention to explain the general trend of evolution that undergone the Algerian social security sytem.We use national account data to compare the potential revenue could coming from the labor market with the actual revenue collected by social security funds. This comparison shows some contribution shortfall for the social security funds. However, the second section of this paper exposes the evolution of social coverage rate. The low demand of social security by the workers seem to be widespread in all the sectors, and a lot off clusters of profession, manly self workers and employers. It could be the result of some behaviors, like risk taking, high discount rate of the future or the individualistic behavior of the employers that don’t entitle their employees to social security (Luttmer et al, 2012. Brown et al, 2013; Friedman, 1973, Murphy 2011). Face to this, the state continue to subsidies the social security system and providing benefits to poorer categories of population using his social budget. The amount of this last is increasing this last years (ONS) accentuating the beverdgian principle. This kind of social protection system work under demographic and financial pressure. The problem is that the social budget is financed by oil taxes (exhaustible resource), hence, the sustainability of the Algerian social security system.
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Le système algérien de protection sociale : entre Bismarckien et Beveridgien [The Algerian social protection system: between Bismarckian and Beveridgian]
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Social security systems are often treated according to their epistemology. The bismarckian and beverdgian systems could be the origin of all social protection systems. The firs was created by Bismark at 1883 in Germany, it was based on the insurance principal. The beverigian system was instituted by the lord Beveridge in Great Britain on 1941, it was financed by taxes, its aim was to extend social coverage to the biggest part of population. Otherwise, We can distinguish between three cluster of social protection systems according intervention degrees of different actors (State, market and family). The first cluster is the “liberal” welfare state, characterized by means-tested assistance, modest universal transfers, and modest social-insurance plans. This welfare state provides very limited social rights. The second cluster is the “corporatist” type. In this type the focus is on preserving status differentials. Rights are therefore attached to status. The state may play a role in de-commodification, but it has a very limited role in redistribution. Corporatist regimes are typically shaped by the church, and as such have a conservative orientation and an ideological commitment to the family. The third cluster is the “universalist” welfare state, in which welfare state benefits are extended to the middle class in an attempt to avoid a dualism between state and market. How about the Algerian social protection system? It was been created on 1949, in the first years of its creation the system was contributive. The Algerian social protection system has undergone several reforms since independence. Some laws have been established to extend coverage to higher part of population. This extending was carried out through ‘’beverdgian’’ principle. It means to provide benefit to the poor population without counterpart of contribution. This gives deficit of the treasury of the social security funds. Otherwise, evolution in Algerian macroeconomic context, the passage form planned economy to the open market economy and the disability for the government to reach full employment have given some new forms of informal employment. On 2011, 46% of economically active population hasn’t any social coverage (Office National des Statistiques). These workers don’t pay their social contribution but can get benefit like entitled of an insured or thanks to free health care. We will try in this paper to analyse the social security system in parallel with labor market, we emphasize the public intervention on social security system, the degree of this intervention to explain the general trend of evolution that undergone the Algerian social security sytem.We use national account data to compare the potential revenue could coming from the labor market with the actual revenue collected by social security funds. This comparison shows some contribution shortfall for the social security funds. However, the second section of this paper exposes the evolution of social coverage rate. The low demand of social security by the workers seem to be widespread in all the sectors, and a lot off clusters of profession, manly self workers and employers. It could be the result of some behaviors, like risk taking, high discount rate of the future or the individualistic behavior of the employers that don’t entitle their employees to social security (Luttmer et al, 2012. Brown et al, 2013; Friedman, 1973, Murphy 2011). Face to this, the state continue to subsidies the social security system and providing benefits to poorer categories of population using his social budget. The amount of this last is increasing this last years (ONS) accentuating the beverdgian principle. This kind of social protection system work under demographic and financial pressure. The problem is that the social budget is financed by oil taxes (exhaustible resource), hence, the sustainability of the Algerian social security system.
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Lyons, Amelia H.<b>The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian Families and the French Welfare State during Decolonization</b>Stanford CA: Stanford University Press 344 pp., $65.00 ISBN 978-0-8047-8421-4 Publication Date: November 2013
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"Lyons, Amelia H. The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian Families and the French Welfare State during Decolonization Stanford CA: Stanford University Press 344 pp., $65.00 ISBN 978-0-8047-8421-4 Publication Date: November 2013." History: Reviews of New Books, 44(2), pp. 53–54
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210168583",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3124113836
|
Do Associations Support Authoritarian Rule? Tentative Answers from Algeria, Mozambique, and Vietnam
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Jörg Wischermann",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000944751"
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Bettina Bunk",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Patrick Köllner",
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},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Jasmin Lorch",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025117417"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Authoritarianism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C68346564"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Power (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
},
{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
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{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
"display_name": "Democracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555826173"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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[
"Algeria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3124113836
|
Whether associations help to democratise authoritarian rule or support those in power is a contested issue that so far lacks a cross-regional perspective. Drawing on relational sociology, this paper explores the impact of state power in Algeria, Mozambique, and Vietnam on associations and vice versa. We focus on decision-making in associations and on three policy areas - welfare policy concerning HIV/AIDS, economic policy concerning small and mediumsized enterprises, policies concerning gender equality and the rights of women and sexual minorities - to assess the relations between associations and the state's infrastructural and discursive power. Most associations interviewed by us in the three countries accept or do not openly reject the state's and/or the state ruling party's various forms of interference in internal decision-making processes. Whereas associations in Algeria and Vietnam help to maintain the state's control through welfare provision, associations in Mozambique can weaken this form of infrastructural state power. Moreover, business and professionals' associations in all three countries help maintain the state's control through limited participation, i.e. another form of infrastructural state power. Finally, associations in all three countries support the state's discourse and policies in the area of gender equality and women's rights, though in all three countries at least some NGOs help weaken this form of state power.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2529668369
|
Introduction: The Return of Class Struggle?
|
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{
"country": "Italy",
"display_name": "University of Urbino",
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"display_name": "Domenico Losurdo",
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{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
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"display_name": "Epistemology",
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[
"Algeria"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2529668369
|
Nowadays, on the wave of the economic crisis of 2008 and of increasing polarisation between rich and poor, there is much talk of ‘the return to class struggle’. Had it actually disappeared? After WWII, renowned thinkers have inferred the demise of class struggle from the advent of the Welfare State. They have not realized that the advent of the Welfare State was the precise result of class struggle. Moreover, they have not lent attention to the conflicts that have raged in countries like Algeria, Vietnam, or Cuba and to the struggles of the blacks in South Africa or in the USA. Has the revolt of colonial peoples or of peoples of colonial origins nothing to do with class struggle? Or rather, have these thinkers (Habermas, Dahrendorf) a limited vision of Marx’s class struggle?
|
[
{
"display_name": "INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2512470678
|
<i>The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian Families and the French Welfare State during Decolonization</i>. By Amelia H. Lyons.Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013. Pp. xv+324. $65.00 (cloth); $65.00 (e-book).
|
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"display_name": "Joshua Cole",
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Media studies",
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{
"display_name": "Library science",
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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] |
[
"Algeria"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2512470678
|
Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsThe Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian Families and the French Welfare State during Decolonization. By Amelia H. Lyons.Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013. Pp. xv+324. $65.00 (cloth); $65.00 (e-book).Joshua ColeJoshua ColeUniversity of Michigan Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 88, Number 1March 2016 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/684891 Views: 108Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
|
[
{
"display_name": "The Journal of Modern History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S125270255",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2323972502
|
Rentier welfare states in hydrocarbon-based economies: Brunei Darussalam and Islamic Republic of Iran in comparative context
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
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"country": "Hong Kong",
"display_name": "Hong Kong Polytechnic University",
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"display_name": "Johnson Chun-Sing Cheung",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085076978"
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[
{
"display_name": "Statism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777454302"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
"display_name": "Islam",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939"
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{
"display_name": "Civil society",
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Opposition (politics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780668109"
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{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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[
"Islamic Republic of Iran",
"Iran"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2323972502
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Welfare statism should not be a patent for the Western world. This article aims to grasp lessons learnt from two resource-abundant nations in Asia, that is Brunei Darussalam and Islamic Republic of Iran, regarding their ideologies of social policy formulation and welfare provision, in a forward-moving political and economic context. In the process of struggling over a non-Euro-centred typology of welfare state, calling for pluralism, civil society and democratic participation for the Islamic rentier welfare state with the history of absolute monarchy met heavy opposition from the conservative forces and groups with vested interests, even though in the post-revolutionary era.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of Asian Public Policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S143207802",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3025116204
|
A Gift of Compassion: Welfare, Housing, and Domesticity in Contemporary Iran
|
[
{
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{
"country": "United Kingdom",
"display_name": "Goldsmiths University of London",
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],
"display_name": "Samaneh Moafi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043952111"
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[
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
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{
"display_name": "Beneficiary",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26869875"
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{
"display_name": "Compassion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777432744"
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{
"display_name": "Everyday life",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779018934"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Patriarchy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776234999"
},
{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Islamic Republic of Iran",
"Iran"
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[
"https://openalex.org/W3025116204"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3025116204
|
Abstract This article examines the largest welfare housing project in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–2020). It sets out to present a particular method of research that, borrowing from the discipline of anthropology, takes planning documents as a point of departure. I will inquire into the ways state-initiated architectural projects intersect with the demands and realities of domesticity and residents' everyday habits of living, giving particular attention to the gender roles and class identities in welfare housing projects and the position of female beneficiaries in relation to their family as well as the larger society. Using the example of the Mehr project in Iran, I demonstrate how housing operated for government officials as a means for re-organizing society along the axes of patronage and patriarchy. Moving to the field of everyday life, however, and building on the discourses of domesticity and women's struggle, I unpack how, starting from the intimate scale of the domestic, welfare can serve as the basis for a newly empowered beneficiary to conceive her rights and exercise them. The research that is presented in this paper challenges the negative conception of welfare housing as mere charitable aid devoid of any potential for supporting the social rights of a people.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International journal of Islamic architecture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210240704",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2949033960
|
Development and perspectives of ethical finance in Iran
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Italy",
"display_name": "University of Rome Tor Vergata",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I116067653",
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"display_name": "Massimo Papa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045117791"
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{
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{
"country": "Italy",
"display_name": "University of Rome Tor Vergata",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I116067653",
"lat": 41.85015,
"long": 12.597991,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Francesco Petrucciano",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022422459"
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[
{
"display_name": "Capitalism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C514928085"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776154427"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C42027317"
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{
"display_name": "Islam",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Poverty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189326681"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
"display_name": "Economic Justice",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139621336"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Law and economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190253527"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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[
"Islamic Republic of Iran",
"Iran"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2949033960
|
— Iran has a rich and old tradition of ethical finance and economics. Well before the Islamic Revolution, institutes and initiatives were active in encouraging an inclusive vision of economy. Although re-elaborated under a different light, these concepts survived in the current Constitution, which defines economy using a “social” approach (art.43). Under this light, the legality of capitalism and that of the use of private investment are one of the pillars of economy itself (art.44) only if subordinated to religiously inspired ethical principles of justice and equity and in a way that makes of them a mere complement to State or to the corporative actors. Religious guidance is therefore immanent even in the very own definition of economy as a mean, and not as an end, to get social purposes like, inter alia , welfare, elimination of poverty and abolition of deprivation of means of self-sustainment. State-driven economics was nevertheless a prominent concept in original Iranian constitutional thought. Starting from the Nineties, financial and economic reforms have been leading the system from a corporatist vision that characterised the first fifteen years of existence of the Islamic Republic to a more actual social market, putting in discussion and somewhat re-inventing the relationship between the public and the private.
|
[
{
"display_name": "European Journal of Islamic Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306510130",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4301599746
|
The Transformation of a Revolution: Neoliberalisation of the Welfare State and the Need for Revolutionary Social Work in Iran
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Salar Kashani",
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},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Nasrin Ghavami",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057995189"
}
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[
{
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{
"display_name": "Transformation (genetics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204241405"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Work (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648"
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{
"display_name": "Social transformation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62760934"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Social change",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C206836424"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4301599746
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The slogans of the revolutionary movement of 1979 in Iran and the subsequent constitution of the new Islamic Republic indicated the popular demand for social justice and the growing welfare policies. However, the real history of the rule of revolutionary Islamists during the past four decades shows the step-by-step retreat from welfare policies and increasing privatisation of social services. The growing population in need of social protection, along with the decline of governmental social services, has made the need for social work services more urgent than ever. As part of the neoliberal policies, the political system presents non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as a replacement for the government in providing social welfare. Based on the views of Iranian social workers interviewed in this chapter, social work activities carried out by governmental organisations or NGOs are mainly market-oriented, limited to case-work tradition and ineffective. Therefore, the neoliberal government and its related NGOs have failed in promoting universal social welfare and social justice. These deficiencies indicate the necessity for a revolutionary social work, challenging established neoliberal discourses and practices, promoting social mobilisation, awareness-raising, attracting public support and endorsing solidarity between social workers and other civil society organisations.
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https://openalex.org/W3122425500
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Policy Discourses: Shifting the Burden of Healthcare from the State to the Market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Saudi Arabia has modified from a predominantly free, public, and comprehensive system under a welfare model to more of a mixed-economy model of healthcare. The welfare state slowly moved to a liberal model, emphasizing market forces to dominate in the provision of healthcare and the private sector was trusted to provide a better provision of healthcare. The country has to confront enormous problems in the health sector due to population growth, lifestyle changes, the shift of disease patterns, elevated expectations, escalated healthcare costs, limited infrastructure and resources, and poor management practice in the provision of healthcare. Moreover, the government has been emphasizing the need to bring in private sector investment to improve quality and efficiency, development of manpower, and standardization of services. As the current pattern of healthcare is unsustainable, the country is planning to restructure the present healthcare system toward institutionalizing it to meet future challenges. The governments must make an appropriate amount of effort to build their healthcare systems by transforming and modifying the challenges faced by society and its political-economic systems. The government should encourage equity, and fairness in the provision of healthcare.
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https://openalex.org/W3190456570
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Financing the welfare state system in Saudi Arabia
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3190456570
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The welfare state system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is indeed a very special one in international comparisons, particularly when compared with other regions in Asia, and beyond. While the greatest emphasis of the Saudi welfare state system is placed on land redistribution, rather than income redistribution, it has also developed large social security systems with regard to education, public health services and unemployment benefits. While there is a pension system in place, the benefits are extremely low in international comparisons (in Saudi Arabia, land redistribution serves the functions of old-age income maintenance or lifetime wealth creation, i.e. land and housing ownership is a functional equivalent of pension income. While the health care system also serves the large proportion of expatriates working in the kingdom, pensions, land distribution, education and unemployment benefits are the main pillars of a welfare state system that mainly caters to local Saudi citizens only, which is a special characteristic of the welfare regime in rich countries in the Middle East (especially the Gulf Council states). As is the case in the Russian Federation, most of the current welfare state system is financed through oil and natural gas incomes generated through exports, which raises big questions about the fiscal sustainability of the Saudi welfare state system in the decades to come.
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https://openalex.org/W4247339115
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Policy Discourse: Shifting the burden of healthcare from state to market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4247339115
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Abstract Saudi Arabia has modified from a predominantly free, public and comprehensive system under a welfare model to more of a mixed-economy model of healthcare. The welfare state slowly moved to a liberal model, emphasising market forces to dominate, and the private sector was trusted to provide better provision of healthcare. The country has confronting enormous problems in the health sector due to population growth, lifestyle changes, shift of disease pattern, elevated expectations, escalated healthcare costs, limited infrastructure and resources, and poor management practice in the provision of healthcare. Moreover, the government has been emphasizing on the need to bring in private sector investment to improve quality and efficiency, development of manpower, and standardization of services. As the current pattern of healthcare is unsustainable, the country is planning to restructure the present healthcare system towards institutionalizing it to meet the future challenges. The governments must make an appropriate amount of effort to build its healthcare systems by transforming and modifying the challenges faced by the society and its political-economic systems. The government should encourage equity, and fairness in the provision of healthcare.
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https://openalex.org/W3022302927
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Fragmentation, Disintegration, and Resurgence: Assessing the Islamist Field in Yemen
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3022302927
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The well-developed literature on Islamist politics has tended to focus on partisan and welfare institutions within the context of existing states. Civil war raises important questions about whether and how the relevance of such institutions changes when the state itself fragments. This article seeks to understand Islamism in Yemen as a kind of post-organizational political field. At a theoretical scale, Yemen’s civil war and the transformation of the country’s Islamist politics offers lessons about the fixity of categorical distinctions within and across forms of Islamist activity. This article works to map dynamics of fragmentation within pre-war Islamist organizations, the disintegration of authority among Islamist leaders in the context of war, and the effect of each of these processes on the resurgence and partial transformation of particular Islamist claims. The field, as an analytic approach less firmly tied to the state itself, allows for a consideration of Islamist politics as articulated locally but shaped as well by transnational engagement with ideas and institutions.
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https://openalex.org/W2587445053
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Social reproduction in Sicily’s agricultural sector: migration status and context of reception
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This article illuminates the social reproductive experiences of migrants labouring in Sicily’s (Italy) greenhouses. Current global transformations in agricultural production are intersecting with longstanding local economic and social realities, as well as with the 2007 Global Financial Crisis and EU enlargement, to make migrants, male and female, indispensable to a sector resorting to intensified informality in pursuit of flexible and cheap workers. Understanding social reproductive experiences as configured by migrant status and context of reception, the article includes analysis of interview and observational data with two nationalities of migrants – Tunisians and Romanians – occupying different positions in Italy’s migration regime. The article concludes that the harsh context of reception posed by labour market conditions, alongside a familialistic Italian welfare regime, largely precludes opportunities for proximate social reproduction for Tunisians and Romanians. In response, migrants develop transnational resilience strategies resting on cross-border actions combining market-, family-, community and State-based practices, to navigate the social reproductive challenges encountered. Such strategies, however, are less feasible for irregular migrants whose socio-legal position exposes them to the most exploitative working arrangements, denies them access to State welfare and renders them immobile. Moreover, for some regular migrants, such transnational resilience strategies are not their strategies of choice.
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https://openalex.org/W4366545226
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Citizens’ understanding of the social contract: Lessons from Tunisia
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4366545226
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How do citizens understand state obligation in the provision of social welfare in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)? Studies of citizen attitudes towards social welfare have focused almost exclusively on countries in the Global North, while scholarship on the social contract in the MENA region has approached the question from a top-down perspective, often viewing social welfare provision as a tool of authoritarian survival. This article examines Tunisians’ perceptions of state obligation in providing two essential socioeconomic needs—food and healthcare. We engage the possibility that two theoretically important predictors of welfare support – namely, education and labor market status – may shape support for different socioeconomic provisions, differently. Analyzing a nationally representative survey fielded in 2017, we find that Tunisians are more likely to blame the state for lack of access to adequate healthcare than lack of access to adequate food. Regression analyses show that education increases Tunisians’ propensity to blame the state for lack of healthcare but exerts no similar effect on their perceptions of state obligation towards ensuring access to adequate food. At the same time, labor market status significantly affects Tunisians’ propensity to blame the state for lack of food (with unemployed individuals and housewives expressing highest levels of blame) but exerts no effect on their perceptions of state obligation toward healthcare provision. We draw on interviews with Tunisian economic and social rights advocates to contextualize and interpret these findings within a broader discussion of the social and political environment surrounding food and healthcare provision in Tunisia. Theoretically, our paper demonstrates the importance of disaggregating citizens’ attitudes towards different forms of welfare provision, and challenges the predominant expectation in welfare opinion studies that the self-interest mechanism will drive support for state provision across diverse socioeconomic concerns.
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S85457386",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2609643302
|
Transitions in Late-Life Living Arrangements and Socio-economic Conditions of the Elderly in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia
|
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{
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[
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"Egypt"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2609643302
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Middle East and North Africas demographic trends reveal together a growing ageing population and an exceptional growth of the youth population. Increasing elderly population leads to significant consequences for the cost and organization of health systems. The rise in life expectancy has changed the arrangement of multigenerational families; relationships in ageing families have become more unstable and less predictable. In this paper, we investigate - in a gender and geographic perspective differences in the socio-economic situation of the elderly and the determinants of late-life living arrangements in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia starting from Labor Market Panel Surveys. Results are in line with both the different countries stages of the demographic transition and welfare state coverages. The family continues to be the basis for support to older people, as in general in the Arab area. A relevant socio-political group, calling for policy interventions, is represented by the elderly living alone.
|
[
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|
https://openalex.org/W2807629256
|
Social Dictatorships: The Political Economy of the Welfare State in the Middle East and North Africa
|
[
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2807629256
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This dissertation explores the diverging social spending patterns in labour-abundant regimes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). It is motivated by two main research questions: 1. Why have social spending levels and social policy trajectories writ large diverged so drastically across labour-abundant MENA regimes? 2. How can we explain the market persistence of spending levels after divergence? To answer the first question, this study develops a theory about the emergence of authoritarian welfare states. It argues that autocratic leaders need both the incentives and the abilities to distribute welfare for authoritarian welfare states to emerge. The former are shaped by coalition building dynamics at the onset of regime formation while the latter are conditioned by the external environment. At the level of incentives, broad coalitions emerge in the presence of intra-elite conflict and the absence of salient communal cleavages and, if present jointly, provide a strong incentive for welfare provision. Conversely, a cohesive elite or salient communal division entail small coalitions with few incentives to distribute welfare broadly. At the level of abilities, a strong external threat to regime survival is expected to undermine the ability to provide social welfare in broad coalitions. Facing a 'butter or guns' trade-off, elites shift priority to security expenditures and the population accepts that because no alternative regime could credibly commit to neglecting external defence in the presence of external threats. Only an abundant resource endowment can provide the necessary resources to avert this trade-off. To answer the second question, I rely on two important mechanisms in the welfare state literature to explain path dependance. The first one can broadly be summarised as 'constituency politics' in that beneficiaries of social policies succesfully avert deviations from the spending path in the form of systemic reforms or large-scale spending cuts. Mobilisation of these constituencies should be particularly vigourous if initial advantages conferred to these groups habe been reinforced over time, for instance, because these groups grew in size or got entrenched in the state administration. The second mechanisms are spill-over effects to unintended beneficiaries who can over time become important gatekeepers against path divergence. Methodologically, the study is characterised by a mixed-methods approach which combines quantitative tests with the analysis of qualitative evidence in the form of arhcival material, newspapers, and field interviews. Moreover, the study also follows a multi-level approach in that the viability of the argument is tested comparatively at the cross-country level and process-traced at the micro-level in two in-depth case studies of Tunisia and Egypt.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3177442552
|
“Moving on” with gendered aspirations: Sudanese migrants navigating controlling welfare states, labour markets and migration regimes in the Netherlands and the UK
|
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3177442552
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The ongoing political unrest and severe economic hardships in Sudan have led many Sudanese to arrive in Europe as asylum seekers. Throughout the years, after obtaining refugee status and becoming European citizens, many settle in the host countries of which they are citizens, while others move onwards to other EU countries as European labour migrants. As the migrants’ legal statuses change during these different stages, so do their welfare and labour-market entitlements, as well as their aspirations and possibilities to achieve them. Drawing on 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork with Sudanese families across the Netherlands, the UK and Sudan, this article explores the strategies deployed by male and female migrants to navigate the current welfare states, labour-market and migration regimes according to their life-course-related needs and aspirations. The article evidences the existing expectations and contradictions in these regimes towards mobile populations and the consequent social and gender inequalities they perpetuate.
|
[
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W2794588962
|
Who Undermines the Welfare State? Austerity-Dogmatism and the U-Turn in Swedish Asylum Policy
|
[
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"Syria"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2794588962
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Within the EU, the so-called “refugee crisis” has been predominantly dealt with as an ill-timed and untenable financial burden. Since the 2007–08 financial crisis, the overarching objective of policy initiatives by EU-governments has been to keep public expenditure firmly under control. Thus, Sweden’s decision to grant permanent residence to all Syrians seeking asylum in 2013 seemed to represent a paradigmatic exception, pointing to the possibility of combining a humanitarian approach in the “long summer of migration” with generous welfare provisions. At the end of 2015, however, Sweden reversed its asylum policy, reducing its intake of refugees to the EU-mandated minimum. The main political parties embraced the mainstream view that an open-door refugee policy is not only detrimental to the welfare state, but could possibly trigger a “system breakdown”. In this article, we challenge this widely accepted narrative by arguing that the sustainability of the Swedish welfare state has not been undermined by refugee migration but rather by the Swedish government’s unbending adherence to austerity politics. Austerity politics have weakened the Swedish welfare state’s socially integrative functions and prevented the implementation of a more ambitious growth agenda, harvesting a potentially dynamic interplay of expansionary economic policies and a humanitarian asylum policy.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Social Inclusion",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2910332115
|
Citizenship as a gift: how Syrian refugees in Belgium make sense of their social rights
|
[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2910332115
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While citizenship scholars have documented the increasing moralisation of immigration and integration policies, relatively few have explored how immigrants themselves make sense of their (partial) membership of European welfare states. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and participant observation with Syrian refugees, this article documents how they interpret and act upon the partial and limited citizenship status they are given in Belgium. We focus on one dimension of their experiences: their stigmatic dependency upon the Belgian welfare state. While their accounts can be partly understood as reproducing neoliberal discourses, we argue that they are also a strategic reaction against the dependency that is inadvertently created by European welfare states. From our respondents’ perspectives, their social rights thus appear not so much as entitlements to be claimed, but as a continuation of the humanitarian logic of the (unreciprocated) gift.
|
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https://openalex.org/W650230470
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Civil society and the state in Syria : the outsourcing of social responsibility
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W650230470
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In recent years Syria has transferred many responsibilities for welfare functions to private charities and NGOs, while at the same time attempting to control those organisations. In this context, the authors of Civil Society and the State in Syria focus both on Christian charities and on the regime-sponsored NGOs that are attracting secular, urban Syrians.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2797198183
|
Refugees from Syria as ‘guests’ in Germany: the moral economy of German refugee policy in 2014
|
[
{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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[
"Syria"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2797198183
|
Against the background of the Syrian refugee crisis, in 2014 the German government established special programmes that allowed Syrian residents of Germany to invite their relatives and friends to seek refuge in the country, thereby easing the procedure of visa application and flight. However, in some states of the Federal Republic of Germany this came at the price of privatizing costs for the stay, therefore excluding the invitees from the principles of the German welfare state. Syrian residents in Germany had to sign an agreement that they would cover all the expenses of their ‘guests’, who – unlike regular asylum seekers – were excluded from health insurance in some states (at least until they were officially granted asylum). In this case, the looming Syrian refugee crisis seems to have fostered a sort of renegotiation of the relationship between public and private space and accommodation, between individual and public responsibility. In another case, a special scholarship programme for Syrian students was established based on merit. Both programmes are discussed in this chapter as measures that treat refugees as ‘guests’ and therefore de-politicize and privatize their situation. This chapter first briefly outlines the historical development and current basic situation of asylum law in Germany in order to contextualize the subsequent description and analysis of these new programmes, highlighting how they reflect a broader strategy on the part of Europe’s largest economy and nation-state to deal with the current refugee crisis that is mostly affecting the countries on the margins of the European Union and Syria’s neighbours. The chapter then discusses the details of these programmes in the context of Hannah Arendt’s critique of human rights (1952) and Didier Fassin’s notion of a ‘moral economy of immigration policies’ (2005).
|
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https://openalex.org/W2997939194
|
Questioning care: ambiguous relational ethics between a refugee child, her parents and the Danish welfare state
|
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[
"Syria"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2997939194
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Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, in this article, I tell the story of a particular Syrian family and their encounter with a day-care institution in Denmark – and by extension with the Danish state. In doing so, I highlight how the initially legitimate worries and genuine care of the institution turned into a form of ‘coercive concern’ (Jaffe-Walter 2016) as the family failed to fully meet the requirements of the Danish educational/ integration regime. I show the problematic transition that occurred in the approach to Aisha as the pedagogues moved from seeing her as a vulnerable refugee in need of care to seeing her as a ‘problem of integration’. Highlighting glimpses of alternative pedagogical approaches, which were co-present though undermined, I argue for the value of relational care as entailing emphatic listening and presence (Noddings 2013). I thus point to the value of doubt and dialogue, rather than a stifled form of certainty through adhering to specific pedagogical mantras vis-à-vis integration policy.
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S133489141",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2911320494
|
Nordic Nationalism and Penal Order: Walling the Welfare State
|
[
{
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[
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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[
"Syria"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2911320494
|
In late summer 2015, Sweden embarked on one of the largest self-described humanitarian efforts in its history, opening its borders to 163,000 asylum seekers fleeing the war in Syria. Six months later this massive effort was over. On January 4, 2016, Sweden closed its border with Denmark. This closure makes a startling reversal of Sweden’s open borders to refugees and contravenes free movement in the Schengen Area, a founding principle of the European Union. What happened? This book sets out to explain this reversal.
In her new and compelling book, Vanessa Barker explores the Swedish case study to challenge several key paradigms for understanding penal order in the twenty-first century and makes an important contribution to our understanding of punishment and welfare states. She questions the dominance of neoliberalism and political economy as the main explanation for the penalization of others, migrants and foreign nationals, and develops an alternative theoretical framework based on the internal logic of the welfare state and democratic theory about citizenship, incorporation, and difference, paying particular attention to questions of belonging, worthiness, and ethnic and gender hierarchies. Her book develops the concept of penal nationalism as an important form of penal power in the twenty-first century, providing a bridge between border control and punishment studies.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W482291350
|
Accidents Happen: François Ewald, the “Antirevolutionary” Foucault, and the Intellectual Politics of the French Welfare State
|
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Previous articleNext article No AccessArticlesAccidents Happen: François Ewald, the “Antirevolutionary” Foucault, and the Intellectual Politics of the French Welfare State*Michael C. BehrentMichael C. BehrentAppalachian State University Search for more articles by this author Appalachian State UniversityPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 82, Number 3September 2010 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/653042 Views: 340Total views on this site Citations: 28Citations are reported from Crossref © 2010 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Milan Urošević The politics of critique: On the socio-politically engaged dimension of Foucault's methodology, Srpska politička misao 79, no.11 (Jan 2023): 163–187.https://doi.org/10.5937/spm79-42698Sam Hampton, James Curtis A bridge over troubled water? Flood insurance and the governance of climate change adaptation, Geoforum 136 (Nov 2022): 80–91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.08.008Emmanuel Chamorro Foucault y el neoliberalismo: análisis de una controversia, Isegoría , no.6666 (Jul 2022): e28.https://doi.org/10.3989/isegoria.2022.66.28Martin Mullins, Christopher P. Holland, Martin Cunneen Creating ethics guidelines for artificial intelligence and big data analytics customers: The case of the consumer European insurance market, Patterns 2, no.1010 (Oct 2021): 100362.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100362Laurent Willemez Le tournant entrepreneurial du droit du travail en France (1982-2017), L'Homme & la Société n° 212, no.11 (Jul 2021): 169–194.https://doi.org/10.3917/lhs.212.0169Paul Jobin Our ‘good neighbor’ Formosa Plastics: petrochemical damage(s) and the meanings of money, Environmental Sociology 7, no.11 (Sep 2020): 40–53.https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2020.1803541Brendon Murphy Governmentality, (Mar 2021): 289–322.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6381-6_11Christopher P. Holland, Martin Mullins, Martin Cunneen Creating Ethics Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data Analytics: The Case of the European Consumer Insurance Market, SSRN Electronic Journal 168 (Jan 2021).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3808207Pascal Marichalar, Gerald Markowitz, David Rosner Sartre as prosecutor of occupational murder: notes from a People's Tribunal in a French mine (1970), International Labor and Working-Class History 99 (May 2021): 167–176.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0147547921000016Mendes Luciano Beyond Health and Safety at Work: Reflections on Biopolitics in Occupational Health as an Important Component of International Health Security, (Oct 2020).https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93749Michael Strand The political unconscious of practice theory: Populism and democracy, Thesis Eleven 158, no.11 (Nov 2019): 96–116.https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513619888679Michael Strand Practice theory and conservative thought, History of the Human Sciences 32, no.55 (Sep 2019): 108–134.https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695119867861Pascal Marichalar How to Judge Safety Crime: Lessons From the Eternit Asbestos Maxi-Trials, NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 29, no.22 (May 2019): 205–223.https://doi.org/10.1177/1048291119852420Michael C. Behrent Introduction to François Ewald's “The Values of Insurance”, Grey Room 74 (Mar 2019): 112–119.https://doi.org/10.1162/grey_a_00265Joao Leite Ferreira Neto Foucault, governamentalidade neoliberal e subjetivação, Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 35 (Jan 2019).https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e35512Thomas F. Tierney “THE BEST DOCTOR FOR MY SOUL”, Angelaki 23, no.55 (Sep 2018): 94–111.https://doi.org/10.1080/0969725X.2018.1513203Daniele Lorenzini Governmentality, subjectivity, and the neoliberal form of life, Journal for Cultural Research 22, no.22 (Apr 2018): 154–166.https://doi.org/10.1080/14797585.2018.1461357John Welsh The Meta-Disciplinary: Capital at the Threshold of Control, Critical Sociology 44, no.11 (Feb 2016): 29–44.https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920516628308Thomas F. Tierney Toward an Affirmative Biopolitics, Sociological Theory 34, no.44 (Dec 2016): 358–381.https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275116678998Robert Mitchell Biopolitics and Population Aesthetics, South Atlantic Quarterly 115, no.22 (Apr 2016): 367–398.https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-3488464Stephen W. Sawyer, Iain Stewart Introduction: New Perspectives on France’s “Liberal Moment”, (Jan 2016): 1–16.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137581266_1Ansgar Allen, Roy Goddard The domestication of Foucault, History of the Human Sciences 27, no.55 (Dec 2014): 26–53.https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695114538990ANDREW ZIMMERMAN Foucault in Berkeley and Magnitogorsk: Totalitarianism and the Limits of Liberal Critique, Contemporary European History 23, no.22 (Apr 2014): 225–236.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777314000101Marcelo Ramella, Sebastian von Dahlen Insurance and Macroprudential Regulation: Conceptual Issues, (Jan 2014): 85–100.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137439109_5Simon Jackson Global Recruitment: The Wartime Origins of French Mandate Syria, (Jan 2014): 133–151.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137443502_8Michael C. Behrent Foucault and Technology, History and Technology 29, no.11 (Mar 2013): 54–104.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2013.780351Panu Minkkinen De Lege Ferenda: What is the ‘Socio’ of Legal Reasoning?, (Jan 2013): 85–110.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-31463-5_5Paul Forman On the Historical Forms of Knowledge Production and Curation: Modernity Entailed Disciplinarity, Postmodernity Entails Antidisciplinarity, Osiris 27, no.11 (Jul 2015): 56–97.https://doi.org/10.1086/667823
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States of Intimacy: Refugee Parents, Anxiety, and the Spectral State in Denmark
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This article examines the ways in which parenting practices of refugee parents are the object of concern for the Danish welfare state. Emphasis is placed on how interventions of daycare institutions and other welfare professionals have been experienced by refugee families who live in a context of radical uncertainty since they hold temporary residence permits in Denmark. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews with families spanning several years, I analyze the experiences of a number of refugee families from Syria and Iran. Drawing on what has been called “the spectral turn” or “hauntology” in anthropology, I argue that welfare state belonging causes ambiguity for families who appreciate protection and sometimes family-like care from state agents but also fear its repercussions. As a result, I argue that relationships between refugee parents and agents of the welfare state are characterized not only by “fear of proximity” but also by “intimate distance”, since refugee parents experience “the system” as being nowhere in particular but potentially everywhere.
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https://openalex.org/W2615473089
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Effect of Welfare and Employment Policies on the Correlation between Migration and Unemployment
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IntroductionImmigration and its various aspects1 have been on the public and political agenda in most established countries for many years. Accelerated immigration is a result, among other things, of increased mobility stemming from cheaper and easier means of transportation, the widening wealth gap between industrialized and other countries that is leading many people to leave their country of origin in the hope of arriving at a country that seems to afford a better life, and local and regional conflicts2 creating tens of thousands of homeless and refugees. Incoming immigration has a considerable impact on a country's culture, demographics, politics, and religion, as well as on the local economy and labor market, as evident in many countries that have experienced such waves throughout history (Goldin et al., 2012; Lewis & Peri, 2014).This study has two interlinked goals: One is to detect and establish a correlation between the extent of immigration and changes in the rate of unemployment, by examining previous immigration trends in three prominent immigration destinations (Greece, Germany, and the United States) and analyzing their impact on the local employment market. The second is to locate an intervening variable associated with a country's welfare and employment policy that affects the structure of the domestic employment market and may be capable of influencing and even determining the direction of the correlation detected (or not) between these two indices. The research method will be based on a correlative analysis of immigration and unemployment data for the three immigration destinations mentioned above, while examining the welfare and employment policies in each of these countries.The growing stream of Syrian refugees across the borders of European Union (EU) countries in general3 and Greece and Germany in particular has earned the issue of immigration's impact on destination countries a renewed place on the public and research agenda (Ethan & Peri, 2015). Examination of previous immigration trends indicates that the economic effect of immigration on the host country is not clear-cut (Drinkwater, 2003; Waters et al., 2009). In some cases, immigrants contributed considerably to the local economy. One example is the mass immigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union to Israel upon the former's dissolution in the early 1990s (DellaPergola, 1998).Then again, there are many testaments to the negative and undesirable impact of immigration on the domestic economy. One example is the immigration of Mexicans, Cubans, and Asians to the United States in the previous century, whose impact on the local labor market and its pay levels have been studied extensively (Portes & Bach, 1980; Portes & Stepick, 1985; Wilson & Portes, 1980; Saiz, 2003).1.A review of immigration around the world throughout historyAs stated, immigration, both between countries and between continents, is a phenomenon that has recurred throughout human history in different periods, from and to different places, and for different reasons and causes. Conspicuous examples are the extensive and lengthy waves of immigration from Canada and China to the United States from the early 19th and until the mid-20th century (Ramirez, 2009; Ramirez & Otis, 2001), and later on also immigration from Latin American and Asian countries to the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, (Saiz, 2003; Waters et al., 2009). These periods of immigration, deriving from the US immigration policy, strongly affected the local society and economy (Borjas, 2011).In Europe as well, immigration has played a major role, particularly since the conclusion of World War II. Examples are illegal Italian immigration to France and Switzerland (Rinauro, 2014), as well as the migration of Italian citizens across the borders of West Germany (Rieder, 2004). Also notable is the official Dutch emigration program (during 1945-1960) that encouraged local farmers to leave its rural areas for Canada (Flora, 2012; Fallon, 2000; Schryer, 1998), as well as the movement of citizens from various European countries (such as Poland, Germany, and Italy) to Brazil (Bastos & Do Rosario, 2012). …
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https://openalex.org/W2899236700
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Fortress Europe Breached: Political And Economic Impact Of The Recent Refugee Crisis On European States
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The onset of the Syrian civil war, the expansion of the military influence of the Islamic State in the Middle and Near East and the ongoing conflicts in Africa has caused a significant number of refugees from the affected areas to flee towards Europe, generating a migrant crisis that has proven itself a contentious issue among European states as they struggle to find a solution to house the refugees and integrate them within the different host societies while also managing internal political debates and pacifying internal reluctance regarding the immigrants. The recent terrorist attacks in Brussels as well as various incidents associated with areas where refugees are concentrated have worsened the problem as European states fear security issues associated with the mostly Muslim population that seeks asylum within their borders. Beyond humanitarian, political and security concerns, the economic impact of the crisis upon European states has been varied. The immigrants have been seen both as blessings in disguise for the aging workforce of some European states and a potential financial burden on the economies of others in terms of social welfare costs and risks of increasing the local unemployment rates. Not only that, but the refugee problem has given way to a clash between two opposing viewpoints within the European Community: on the one hand, states who have sought to facilitate the accommodation of asylum-seekers on their territories, and on the other, states who have taken a tough approach to stem the flow of refugees within their borders and have rebuked the solutions thus far proposed by the EU. The present paper seeks to investigate the political and economic effects of refugees on host countries in Europe with a focus on the perceived division between countries that have welcomed immigrants versus those who have sought to restrict the number of refugees entering their countries.
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https://openalex.org/W4380681144
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Refusing the Gift of Welfare: Syrians’ Encounters with the Danish State
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This paper traces the colonial logics embedded within Western states’ welfare and workfare programs. The imperial and capitalist underpinnings of Western welfare states have been well elaborated. Less research has focused on the colonial logics and strategies at work in their administration of welfare and ‘integration’ programs targeting newly arrived refugees. Drawing on ethnographic work with Syrian refugees living in Denmark, I examine Syrians’ encounters with the Danish welfare state and the five-year mandatory ‘integration’ program. Through Syrians’ accounts, I argue that we can begin to re-narrate the nature and meaning of contemporary welfare states and the colonial and racialized policing logics that structure and sustain them. More specifically, Syrians’ accounts draw attention to the often-overlooked roles that welfare regimes perform in maintaining colonial, racialized hierarchies of humanity as well as extractive and dispositive processes typically understood as economic aid and sustenance. Moreover, Syrians’ experiences of the Danish welfare state help to unpack the centrality in un- and under-paid forms of labor that refugee communities are required to perform, thereby enabling capital to materially benefit from stigmatized Others living in Denmark. Thus, by centering racial capitalism, this article contributes to scholars’ emerging attention to the coloniality of ‘integration’ and how this imperative manifests in practice.
|
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210168464",
"type": "journal"
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{
"display_name": "Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402485",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3013472614
|
Taking a closer look at the Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration Work in German Independent Counseling Centers
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Yara-Sophia Almunaizel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035645012"
}
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C108170787"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C46934059"
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{
"display_name": "Immigration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468"
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{
"display_name": "Work (physics)",
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{
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},
{
"display_name": "Turnover",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26077564"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777358941"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
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{
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] |
[
"Syria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3013472614
|
Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) is the preferred method of European States, to return those that do not have a residency status. Germany has one of the oldest voluntary return policies, during the recent influx of migrants, caused by the Syrian civil war, AVRR policies have been rediscovered by state actors. Welfare organizations and other wellbeing centers offer counseling towards potential returnees, in light of the growing restrictive asylum legislation and the underlying rationale to outsource migration handlings the research at hand sheds light onto the welfare counselors positioning agency and limitations of their work via-a-vis the immigration office and the migrants.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2229278486
|
Migrants, Manpower and Math in the Coming Europe
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Robert G. Evans",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018716944"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
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{
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{
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] |
[
"Syria"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W634831710"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2229278486
|
"A dead child" said stalin "is a tragedy. Two million are a statistic." A single photograph of a beach riveted world attention, converting syrian refugees from statistics to tragedy. But the statistics remain. Three Canadian columnists have offered contrasting interpretations. Eric Reguly argues that a static and aging Europe needs more manpower to sustain its economy. Margaret Wente, however, observes the failure of integration of migrants in Sweden. Migrants are drawn by open borders and a generous welfare state, but do not fit an advanced, high-skill economy. Gwynne Dyer notes that current inflows, IF evenly distributed, are a tiny proportion of the overall European Union. But economic migrants from Africa are a much larger issue. Their numbers are effectively inexhaustible.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Healthcare policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210211288",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "PubMed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"type": "repository"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2760857171
|
Integration af flygtninge i Danmark - Venligboerne; Refugee and integration in Denmark - Venligboerne
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Josephine Svaneberg",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037915243"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Refugee",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C173145845"
},
{
"display_name": "Civil society",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C513891491"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Social integration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781160424"
},
{
"display_name": "Kindness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779768198"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Constructivism (international relations)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C133281099"
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{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34355311"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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] |
[
"Syria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2760857171
|
This project is focused on a highly discussed problem as the current refugee crisis. The thesis will examine how venligboer affect the integration of refugees in Denmark and what consequences it will have for the political institutions and the welfare system, when the civil society contribute to the integration process. The project wish to examine a newly occurred phenomenon which is venligboerne as well as the concept of integration and welfare state. In the extent of the crisis there has occurred a peoples movement whose concept is to meet refugees with kindness. The need of civil help causes examination throughout the political system to see if there is any change which might have started this and also which consequences it could have for the welfare system.
The thesis makes use of a social constructivism because of the fact that integration is considered a social historic notion. Also is it considered that there isn’t only one truth in a answer because it depends on each persons norms and values.
The project is characterized by an interdisciplinary sociologically and politically approach. Sociologically theories by Axel Honneth with his recognition notion is being used. Politically there is made use of institutional theories from Jacob Torfing and Michel Foucault, while to describe the change within the welfaresystem welfare theories is being used. To analyze we used a qualitative approach with interviews. Our informants are Juan Ebo from Syria, Susanne T Hildebrandt and Mads Nygaard whose active in the movement, Venligboer also political informants as Johanne Schmidt Nielsen from the party Enhedslisten and Peter Skaarup from DF.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1580937471
|
Lineages of the Iranian Welfare State: Dual Institutionalism and Social Policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran
|
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
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{
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[
"Iran",
"Iraq"
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1580937471
|
This article examines the relationship between welfare and state governance in Iran since the 1979 Revolution. It argues that the contemporary set of social welfare organizations in Iran arose as a corollary to post-revolutionary state formation, particularly during the 1980–8 war with Iraq. The Revolution itself resulted in a process of ‘dual institutionalization’ where new revolutionary organizations appeared in tandem with the inherited bureaucracies of the Pahlavi Monarchy, and both sets of institutions were directed by the new regime towards social welfare in areas relatively untouched by the ancien régime. These institutions were locked in place by the exigencies of the long war that followed, and most have continued to the present. This is followed by a discussion of the main developmental outcomes of the past three decades in Iran in literacy, health and poverty. The article concludes by discussing how the successes and shortcomings of the Islamic Republic's welfare system are consequential for understanding broader developments in Iran today.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Social Policy & Administration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S31120751",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2483567910
|
Maternalist Policies versus Women’s Economic Citizenship? Gendered Social Policy in Iran
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Valentine M. Moghadam",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010625883"
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[
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778102662"
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{
"display_name": "Social policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19159745"
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{
"display_name": "Ideology",
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},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C48158472"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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] |
[
"Iran"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2483567910
|
That social policy is gendered is now a truism in the feminist literature. But what are the different patterns of (gendered) social policy formation and implementation across regions in the world economy? In the Middle East, for example, what are the state policies, practices and institutions that directly influence the welfare and security of various groups within a particular society, especially as far as women are concerned? And if social policy is partly about protecting against risks and contingencies while also providing social equity, do all social policies serve to expand women’s citizenship? In this chapter I examine the gendered nature of social policy in Iran, with a focus on the problems associated with women’s economic citizenship that have resulted from Iran’s economic structure and its cultural/ideological institutions. An oil-dependent economy and gender relations codified in Muslim family law have had implications for women’s access to employment and economic resources, as well as overall citizenship.
|
[
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"type": "ebook platform"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2132855269
|
Beyond cultural stereotypes: Educated mothers’ experiences of work and welfare in Iran
|
[
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{
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[
"Iran"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2132855269
|
The tensions and pressures that mothers experience when they have to make decisions about combining the care of children with entry into the labour market are by now well established. Much of the research in this area, however, has focused on Europe or North America. In this article, the focus is on a society where women’s employment and its relationship to childcare has seldom been explored: Iran. Iran has often been presented as a state that is not particularly women-friendly and as distinctly different from the seemingly more pluralistic and egalitarian states of Western Europe. The argument here is that mothers’ employment in Iran should not be viewed through clichés of religion and patriarchy, rather that it is significantly affected, as in other countries, by care structures, the general acceptance of leaving one’s children to a caregiver, the availability of employment opportunities and the general policy environment.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Critical Social Policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S187261251",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2320543275
|
Government, Civil Society and Welfare Policies in Modern Iran
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Gholam Reza Ghaffary",
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},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Khayyam Azizimehr",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036704731"
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[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C513891491"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C98184364"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Revenue",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195487862"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
}
] |
[
"Iran"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2320543275
|
Government, Civil Society and Welfare Policies in Modern Iran Gholam Reza Ghaffary, Khayyam Azizimehr Abstract This article examines the welfare programs and policies in the modern Iran in relation to interaction between government and civil society fromemergence and development of the modern state in Iran (1925) to end of Iranian reformist government by administration of President Mohammad Khatami (2005). Modern Iran could be dividedinto two periods; before and after the1979 revolution. The article's argument is thatthe main target groups of welfare benefits in the period before the 1979 revolution were governmental bureaucrats and army forces but in the after 1979 revolution period the targeted groups changed and newly formed and redefined groups were became the main target groups of welfare programs. Also, the oil revenue has provided financial resource for government andit has been independent from society in procuring finance for its programs.As a result did not form appropriate interaction between government and society and welfare programs have been production of political structure. Subsequently, Welfare benefits have served to favor government ideology and political purposes; form patron-client relationships between government and society. This form of relation acted as one of the main obstacles for the full accomplishment of civil society in Iran. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jsspi.v3n2a4
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of social science for policy implications",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210185756",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W603061329
|
Basic income guarantee and politics : international experiences and perspectives on the viability of income guarantee
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Richard K. Caputo",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031191653"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Basic income",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779264144"
},
{
"display_name": "Poverty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189326681"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C513380476"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
},
{
"display_name": "Parliament",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781440851"
},
{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
}
] |
[
"Iran"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W603061329
|
Introduction: Hopes and Realities of Adopting Unconditional Basic Income Guarantee Schemes R.K.Caputo On the Political Feasibility of the Basic Income Guarantee: Theoretical Considerations J.D.Wispelaere & J.A.Noguera PART I: HOPES The Best Income Transfer Program for Modern Economies E.M.Suplicy An Anniversary Note - BIEN's 25th G.Standing PART II: REALITIES European Union Countries Finland: Institutional Resistance of the Welfare State against a Basic Income M.Ikkala Germany: Far, though Close: Problems and Prospects of BI in Germany S.Liebermann Ireland: Pathways to a Basic Income in Ireland S.Healy & B.Reynolds Netherlands: Final Piece of the Welfare State is Still to Come M.Hasslet Spain: Basic Income from Social Movements to Parliament and Back Again D.Raventos , J.Wark , & D.Casassas PART II: OTHER OECD COUNTRIES Australia: Will Basic Income Have a Second Coming? J.Tomlinson Canada: A Guaranteed Income Framework to Address Poverty and Inequality? J.P.Mulvale & Y.Vanderborght Japan: Political Change after the Economic Crisis Introduces Universalist Benefit T.Yamamori Mexico: The First Steps toward Basic Income P.Yanes United Kingdom: Only for Children? M.Torry United States of America R.K.Caputo PART III: OTHER COUNTRIES Iran: A Bumpy Road toward Basic Income H.Tabatabai
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W961854811
|
States of Law and Sexuality in the Middle East
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Nancy Y. Reynolds",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060440619"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Feminism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777688943"
},
{
"display_name": "Middle East",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3651065"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Public sphere",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779610281"
},
{
"display_name": "Religious studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24667770"
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{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
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{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Iran",
"Egypt",
"Iraq"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W581837857",
"https://openalex.org/W1531908551",
"https://openalex.org/W1560026719",
"https://openalex.org/W1561498386",
"https://openalex.org/W1993487060",
"https://openalex.org/W2000250425",
"https://openalex.org/W2048802972",
"https://openalex.org/W2157651297",
"https://openalex.org/W2797391962",
"https://openalex.org/W2798061242"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W961854811
|
States of Law and Sexuality in the Middle East Nancy Y. Reynolds (bio) Janet Afary. Sexual Politics in Modern Iran. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. xv + 423 pp.; ill. ISBN 978-0-521-72708-2 (pb). Laura Bier. Revolutionary Womanhood: Feminisms, Modernity, and the State in Nasser’s Egypt. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2011. xi + 245 pp.; ill. ISBN 978-0-8047-7439-0 (pb). Noga Efrati. Women in Iraq: Past Meets Present. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012. xviii + 236 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-15814-5 (cl). Frances S. Hasso. Consuming Desires: Family Crisis and the State in the Middle East. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2011. xi + 256 pp. ISBN 978-0-8047-6156-7 (pb). Karen M. Kern. Imperial Citizen: Marriage and Citizenship in the Ottoman Frontier Provinces of Iraq. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2011. xiv + 186 pp. ISBN 978-0-8156-3285-6 (cl). In a 1992 essay on the retrenchment in gender politics in 1970s Egypt, the political scientist Mervat Hatem introduced the concept of “state feminism” to describe mid-century reforms inaugurated under the charismatic but authoritarian Egyptian president Gamal `Abd al-Nasser: “state feminism . . . produced women who were economically independent of their families, but dependent on the state for employment, important social services like education, health, and day care, and political representation.”1 Originally developed to describe the efforts of Scandinavian welfare states “to remove the structural basis of gender inequality by making reproduction a public— not a private—concern and by employing increasing numbers of women in the state sector,” the concept became shorthand for understanding the paradox of Middle Eastern women’s movements, which often allied with repressive states. 2 In Egypt, a leading country in the Arab world, a vibrant women’s movement emerged in the liberal 1920s, along with substantive reforms to the Muslim personal status laws governing family relations (including marriage, divorce, child custody, and inheritance); a dramatic increase of the presence of women in public during the 1950s and 1960s under Nasserist state socialism was coupled, however, with an absence [End Page 182] of any significant family law reform. Hatem concluded, “the emerging patriarchal system relaxed public control of women (their seclusion, education, and work), while continuing to maintain private control through the personal status laws.”3 Since Hatem’s pioneering work, historians of Middle Eastern women have questioned implicit Western assumptions about “liberation” and secularism, without abandoning the analytical triumvirate of women, the state, and Islamic patriarchy (the latter often a code for “men”). All five books under review here share this thematic orientation, although several of them break new ground by documenting the variety and fluidity of legal and social systems before and after the consolidation of modern states. In Consuming Desires, Frances Hasso argues that this tendency represents more than analytical lag. What makes the region unique is “the state’s self-appointed role as the guardian of moral behavior, which Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) states more than others consider to be within their ambit, to some degree in lieu of political legitimacy and accountability” (169). She suggests that this is partly a result of Islamic legal systems, but also argues that “family patriarchy” acts to compensate men otherwise disenfranchised in undemocratic states (171). Most importantly, however, Hasso asserts quite unconventionally that “MENA states support women in their family policies and politics more often than is recognized by feminist scholarship, and women may disproportionately rely on these authoritarian states for their ability to control men and extract resources from them” (171). In other words, strong states are good for Middle Eastern women. I suspect that another explanation for the thematic persistence of states and personal status reform in Middle East women’s history written in English is a methodological reliance on laws, debates, state policies, and public activism due to archival imbalances in the region. Foreign researchers have found state archives and the press, including a robust women’s press, more accessible (and plentiful) than family or private papers, or archives from private institutions such as workplaces, unions, schools, or mosques. This problem, which affects the history of women and non-elites especially, has drawn many women’s studies scholars to...
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of Women's History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S104733706",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4312202583
|
Assessing the Situation of Subjective Well-being among Iranian Youth
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iran",
"display_name": "Kharazmi University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I181744264",
"lat": 35.70448,
"long": 51.42675,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Karam Habibpour Gatabi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022211936"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Happiness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778999518"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic Justice",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139621336"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Preference",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781249084"
},
{
"display_name": "Value (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640"
},
{
"display_name": "Citizenship",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780781376"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Machine learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Microeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787"
}
] |
[
"Iran"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4312202583
|
Introduction: Considering the failure of the objective approach in measuring youth well-being and the discourse turn of social policy towards subjective well-being, the present article, after conceptualizing subjective well-being, evaluates its situation among Iranian youth. Method: The present article is a quantitative secondary analysis of the data of the "National Survey of the Social, Cultural and Moral Status of Iranian Society" (2016) among young people aged 18 to 29 living throughout the country. Findings: Firstly, the subjective welfare of young people in many components is unfavorable. Second, the subjective welfare of young people is more unfavorable than other age groups; compared to others (30-49 years, 50 years and older), Iranian youth value higher preference, such as wealth, position, and fame; they have less belief in the existence of judicial and professional justice; they also have a more negative assessment of the welfare of society; they Evaluate the life situation in the past as more negative and the future situation as more positive; they feel less freedom, happiness, security, and national belonging; they have less belief in the prevalence of legalism and the realization of citizenship in society; finallu, they agree with a fundamental change in the current state of society. Discussion: The findings indicate that although the low level of subjective welfare among young people is a pervasive pattern with other age groups, but its lower level compared to others indicates an unfavorable state of subjective welfare in this group.
|
[
{
"display_name": "فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210170133",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4237114186
|
Introduction
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Roksana Bahramitash",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013231590"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Atena Sadegh",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072814203"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I157725225",
"lat": 40.11059,
"long": -88.20727,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Negin Sattari",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5012545721"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Poverty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189326681"
},
{
"display_name": "Safety net",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778216598"
},
{
"display_name": "Solidarity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780641677"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Sanctions",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778069335"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
},
{
"display_name": "Islam",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Solidarity economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777576009"
},
{
"display_name": "Social economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542628504"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Iran"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4237114186
|
This chapter starts with a review of literature on the topic of the social solidarity economy (sometimes referred to as the third sector), the pros and cons of this safety net—particularly in the case of Iran—as well as the importance of recognizing its existence despite challenges. In this book the topic of the social economy focuses on women of low-income households and examines the role of religion. With a trend towards the decline of the welfare state and rise in economic hardship, partly due to government mismanagement of the economy, partly due to sanctions on Iran, the social economy among those from low-income households plays a significant role in the economic survival of the poor. This book is focused on Islamic women only, but this is not to overlook or undermine non-religious women’s efforts to reduce poverty.
|
[
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"display_name": "Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463717",
"type": "ebook platform"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4385688032
|
The State and Its Riches
|
[] |
[
{
"display_name": "Statism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777454302"
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{
"display_name": "Clientelism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781035477"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Language change",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780027415"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Democracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555826173"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] |
[
"Iran"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385688032
|
An important feature of Iran’s political economy is the variety of opportunities it provides, through which individuals and groups can accrue economic benefits from and through the state. At the broadest level, the Iranian economy cannot be said to be in a healthy state. The Iranian economy is structurally unhealthy. But the economy’s maladies are products of, and also contributing factors to, means of personal enrichment for those with the right political connections. There are a number of areas to focus on, including the strong connections between the state and bazaari merchants; the perverse consequences of resource curses such as overreliance on oil and rampant corruption; the state’s efforts at various welfare schemes and the impulse toward statist economics; and the processes and consequences of pulling back from statism through privatization. All of these developments have combined to undermine the economy’s developmental potential. They have also coalesced to provide multiple means of patronage and clientelism in which the state plays a critical facilitating role. As such, Iran’s economy, diseased and underperforming as it is, provides important sources of support and resilience for the state.
|
[
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"display_name": "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462995",
"type": "ebook platform"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4239184511
|
Book Reviews
|
[] |
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C135121143"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Poverty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189326681"
},
{
"display_name": "Capital (architecture)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83646750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic Justice",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139621336"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
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{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "Public administration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Iran",
"Jordan"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4239184511
|
Books review: Daniel Cohen, The Wealth of the World and the Poverty of Nations Peter J. Taylor, The Way the Modern World Works: World Hegemony to World Impasse Anton Zijderveld, The Waning of the Welfare State: The End of Comprehensive State Succor Bill Jordan, The New Politics of Welfare: Social Justice in a Global Context Leonard E. Burman, The Labyrinth of Capital Gains Tax Policy TheConstitution of Iran , Asghar Schirazi. James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State Wolfgang Reinicke, Global Public Policy: Governing without Government? Peter Trubowitz, Emily O. Goldman, and Edward Rhodes, eds. The Politics of Strategic Adjustment: Ideas, Institutions, and Interests Frederick W. Mayer, Interpreting NAFTA: The Science and Art of Political Analysis J. Nicholas Ziegler, Governing Ideas: Strategies for Innovation in France and Germany Pietro S. Nivola, Laws of the Landscape: How Policies Shape Cities in Europe and America
|
[
{
"display_name": "Governance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S62375027",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2942635781
|
<i>A Social Revolution: Politics and the Welfare State in Iran</i>. By Kevan Harris. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. Pp. xiii+316. $85.00 (cloth); $29.95 (paper).
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Koç University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1351752",
"lat": 41.01384,
"long": 28.94966,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Erdem Yörük",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080592381"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Download",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780154274"
},
{
"display_name": "Media studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29595303"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Religious studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24667770"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
}
] |
[
"Iran"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2942635781
|
Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewA Social Revolution: Politics and the Welfare State in Iran. By Kevan Harris. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. Pp. xiii+316. $85.00 (cloth); $29.95 (paper).Erdem YörükErdem YörükKoc University Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 124, Number 5March 2019 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/702537 Views: 143Total views on this site For permission to reuse a book review printed in the American Journal of Sociology, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
|
[
{
"display_name": "American Journal of Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S122471516",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "Digital Collections portal (Koç University)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401341",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2428859181
|
Islam and Muslims in Guyana: Divisions, state welfare and links with the Muslim world
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Vladimir Ćirić",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078191336"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Islam",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939"
},
{
"display_name": "Flourishing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781017355"
},
{
"display_name": "Immigration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Face (sociological concept)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779304628"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
},
{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Social science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Demography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Iran"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2428859181
|
With its total population of 7.3% of Muslims Guyana is the only country in the Western Hemisphere which is a permanent member of the International Islamic Conference. Apart from a brief historical overview of immigration of Muslims in Guyana from the Indian subcontinent, this paper presents certain aspects through which Muslims in Guyana assert themselves socially and what impact they make on society and the welfare of the Guyanese people as a whole. Particular attention is given to the problems that Guyanese Muslims face every day, such as Arabization, Sunnification and the conflict of traditionalist and reformist currents. Due to the connection of Guyana with Iran that is increasingly flourishing, this paper outlines the relationship between the two countries.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Kom: Časopis za Religijske Nauke",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2739104340",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4284893189
|
Unemployment In Iraq: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Kufa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47229656",
"lat": 32.02594,
"long": 44.34625,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Hasan Latif Kadhim",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039082750"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Kufa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47229656",
"lat": 32.02594,
"long": 44.34625,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Abdulwahab Almusawi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049144566"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Unemployment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778126366"
},
{
"display_name": "Unrest",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778358470"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Poverty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189326681"
},
{
"display_name": "Full employment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C68286588"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
},
{
"display_name": "Work (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648"
},
{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Discouraged worker",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C135335626"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Unemployment rate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2994488168"
},
{
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Iran",
"Iraq"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4284893189
|
Unemployment is one of the primary problems that most contemporary economic systems suffer from in the world, which works to bring about negative consequences on the welfare and security of society. Therefore, governments are working hard to reduce their unemployment rates, mitigate its effects, and develop economic strategies that are happy in providing job opportunities. Unemployment means stopping a part of the labor force in the economy despite the availability of the ability and willingness to work. Unemployment usually results from an imbalance in the labor market due to demand and supply considerations. Unemployment wastes the workforces of a large part of society and may lead to social violence and political unrest outbreaks when it reaches high levels. In Iraq, unemployment has deep roots that go back to the 1980s. The government began to face the problem of providing adequate job opportunities for the nearly one million people who served in the Iran-Iraq war. Unemployment has had dire consequences for the economy, society, and the Iraqi state. These effects include the spread of poverty, deprivation, and the deterioration of development rates with all its indicators.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Akkad Journal Of Contemporary Economic Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387281657",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1557422219
|
Il palcoscenico della guerra di Libia. Protagonisti, retorica, nazione, 1911-1912
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Valentina Nocentini",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064649228"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Masculinity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779103072"
},
{
"display_name": "National identity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778407155"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Rhetoric",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1370556"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Narrative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199033989"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Bourgeoisie",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184386139"
},
{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Libya"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1557422219
|
This dissertation explores the historical
representation of the Italian nation in regard to the narration of
the Libyan War and its causes and implications in the consolidation
of both state and society. The texts I examine were all published
in contemporary newspapers and magazines, which span from 1910 to
1912, as they refer to events throughout the war. The facts
involved in and that led to the war created the first important
organic affiliation between politics, finance, mass-society and
mass media. I will argue that through the literary narration of
this war, Italians came to terms with problematic and unresolved
issues of national identity while concurrently confirming the
embodied gender configurations along with the relation of the
state's power over citizens to their claims of national
participation. Chapter I frames the Libyan war from a political,
social and economic point of view. It investigates how war was used
to stimulate the Italian new capitalistic economy while balancing
the new industrial concentration of power and the mass demand of
welfare and participation. Chapter II elucidates the moralistic and
epistemological dimensions of the rhetoric of violence, which leads
to an understanding of how the war was used to regulate and produce
a collective national organism. Chapter III provides the foundation
for a reflection on how men and masculinity were 'constructed'
authorities and guarantor within the traditional patriarchal
society and the new capitalistic system. The final chapter, then,
focuses on how women reshaped their role (the crocerossina's
explicit sexuality subverted a superimposed homosocial order) while
still placing themselves under the hegemonic control of men. My
analysis traces the figure of the mother as the driving force in
the creation of this new nation. Italy's attempt to cultivate a
strong nation-state instead catalyzed the formation of the fascist
regime.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4250809836
|
Health Care
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Peter Baldwin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028684850"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Social security",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777111884"
},
{
"display_name": "Unemployment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778126366"
},
{
"display_name": "Health care",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C160735492"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Solidarity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780641677"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Libya"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4250809836
|
The U.S. Economy does Differ from Europe’s: a less regulated labor market, but also an economy that is more hemmed in than might be expected. By European standards, America has hardish-working people, a state that collects fewer tax dollars, and workers who are paid well even if their holidays are short. In social policy, the contrasts are more moderate. Europeans commonly believe that the United States simply has no social policy—no social security, no unemployment benefits, no state pensions, and no assistance for the poor. As Jean-François Revel, the political philosopher and académicien, summed up French criticism, the United States shows “not the slightest bit of social solidarity.” Will Hutton similarly assures us that “The structures that support ordinary peoples’ lives—free health care, quality education, guarantees of reasonable living standards in old age, sickness or unemployment, housing for the disadvantaged— that Europeans take for granted are conspicuous by their absence.” And, in fact, the United States is the only developed nation, unless one counts South Africa, without some form of national health insurance, which is to say a system of requiring all its citizens to be insured in one way or another. This lack of universal health insurance is the one fact that every would-be comparativist working across the Atlantic knows, and the first one to be hoisted as the battle is engaged. One of the first attempts to quantify and rank health care performance, by the World Health Organization in 2000, gave the American system its due. Overall, it came in below any of our comparison countries, three notches under Denmark. In various specific aspects of health policy, it did better. For disability adjusted life expectancy, it came in above Ireland, Denmark, and Portugal; on the responsiveness of the health system, it ranked first; on a composite measure of various indicators summed up as “overall health system attainment,” it ranked above seven Western European countries. Even on the measure of “fairness of financial contribution to health systems,” where we might have expected an abysmal rating, the United States squeaked in above Portugal. That is, of course, damning with faint praise, especially given that in this particular aspect of the ranking—a well-meaning but other-worldly attempt by international bureaucrats to rake the entire globe over the teeth of one comb—Colombia came in first, outpacing its close rivals, Luxembourg and Belgium, while Libya beat out Sweden.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Oxford University Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463708",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2165413906
|
CREATING KIN: NEW FAMILY ASSOCIATIONS AS WELFARE PROVIDERS IN LIBERALIZING JORDAN
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "Naval Postgraduate School",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I35364215",
"lat": 36.60024,
"long": -121.89468,
"type": "education"
},
{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "University of California, Berkeley",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486",
"lat": 37.87159,
"long": -122.27275,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Anne Marie Baylouny",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034226392"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Kinship",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144348335"
},
{
"display_name": "Civil society",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C513891491"
},
{
"display_name": "Elite",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775987171"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
},
{
"display_name": "Salience (neuroscience)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C108154423"
},
{
"display_name": "Development economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Demography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Cognitive psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234"
}
] |
[
"Jordan"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2165413906
|
In the decade and a half since economic liberalization began in Jordan, a little noticed but large-scale organizing trend has taken over the formal provision of social welfare, redefining the institutional conception of familial identity in the process. For over one third of the population, kin solidarities have been reorganized, formalized, and registered as nongovernmental organizations in an attempt to cope with the removal of basic social provisioning by the state. Although kinship clearly has been a major element in Jordan's history, the present phenomena alter traditional familial institutions, change kin lineages, and institutionalize the economic salience of family relations. In turn, the relationship of the populace to the state has changed, marginalizing previously regime-supporting groups and facilitating the implementation of economic neoliberalism without significant protest. Repackaged as charitable elements of civil society, these family associations are sanctioned and encouraged by the state and international community. Although they are not regime creations, family associations reinforce the Jordanian regime's efforts at political deliberalization. The new elites who head the organizations have been placated through indirect incorporation into the regime; they now wield significant economic power over fellow kin and have enhanced social status backed by the new group. Furthermore, the trend mainly consists of families without immediate ambitions of entering national politics. These are not the traditional elite families.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Middle East Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S87435064",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1969394614
|
Reconstructing Social Democracy: New Labour and the Welfare State
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
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Books reviewed in this article:
Driver, Stephen and Martell, Luke, New Labour: Politics afterThatcherism
Jordan, Bill, The New Politics of Welfare: Social Justice in a GlobalContext
Levitas, Ruth, The Inclusive Society? Social Exclusion and NewLabour
Powell, Martin (ed.), New Labour, New Welfare State? The ‘ThirdWay’ in British Social Policy
|
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https://openalex.org/W2152325011
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New Approaches to Welfare Theory
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2152325011
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Part 1 Framework: new approaches to welfare theory - foundations, Glenn Drover and Patrick Kerans. Part 2 Problems in justifying claims: free lunches don't nourish - reflections on entitlements and citizenship, Raymond Plant realizing equal life prospects - the case for a perfectionist theory of fair shares, Lesley A. Jacobs the thick and thin of human needing, Kate Soper. Part 3 Claims and institutions: economic institutions and human well-being, Ian Gough exchange-speak, social welfare claims and economic policy discourse, Derek Hum citizenship - a feminist analysis, Gillian Pascall de-constructing dualities - making rights claims in political institutions, Jane Jenson private pains in public places - the uses of criminal justice, Ronald Melchers. Part 4 Claimsmaking and collective action: social movements and social welfare - the political problem of needs, Henri Lustiger-Thaler and Eric Shragge new patterns of collective action in a Post-Welfare society - the Italian case, Ota de Leonardis welfare work - discursive conflicts and narrative possibilities, Michael Bach framing claims and the weapons of the weak, Bill Jordan the theory and politics of helping in feminist social service collectives, Janice L. Ristock. Part 5 Concluding comments: interdependence, difference and limited state capacity, Claus Offe what welfare theory hides, Dorothy E. Smith afterword - sorting claims. Part 6 Comments: on Drover and Derans, Tim Stainton on Soper, Len Doyal on Gough, Peter Penz on Hum, David Donaldson on Lustiger-Thaler and Shragge, Aloan Scott on Jordan, Allan Moscovitch on Ristock, Deborah Stienstra.
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[] |
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https://openalex.org/W2491026805
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The State and the Private Sector in Jordan
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This chapter reviews the role of the public sector in the Jordanian economy and the response of economic policy to the changing wisdom regarding the state’s role in sustainable development. The study advocates the principle that activities whose output and inputs are traded in open markets are plausible candidates for privatization. To the extent that output or input markets are imperfect, however, and market forces are unable to deliver the efficient resource use or optimal welfare benefits expected from privatization, commercialization is recommended. The study also relates the Jordanian case to the political economy of public governance, emphasizing the relevance of the new institutional economics to that case.
|
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https://openalex.org/W2102979927
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Citizenship, Social Rights, and the Ethnic State: The Case of Structural Discrimination against Arab Children in Israel
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Arnon Bar‐On",
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In a world of nation states, citizenship, or full membership of the social and political community, has a three-fold relationship to the supply and demand of public welfare. First, in the liberal tradition that society exists to serve its members, citizenship offers moral justification for the state's concern for individual citizens (Harris, 1987; Jordan, 1989). Second, since citizenship confers a form of equality of status on members of the community (Marshall, 1963), it must be assumed that the state university applies to these members whatever distributive standards it adopts (Macedo, 1990). Finally, and as a consequence of the other two relationships, citizenship is one of the primary bases for claims on the economic resources of the state (King & Waldron, 1988; Barry, 1990, p. 4).
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https://openalex.org/W4242414104
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REVIEW ARTICLES
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242414104
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Book review in this Article Hard Times: The Prospects for European Social Policy By Peter Townsend Can the Welfare State Compete? By Alfred Pfaller, Ian Gough, and Goran Therborn Social Welfare in Socialist Countries By John Dixon and David Macarov Trapped in Poverty? By Bill Jordan, Simon James, Helen Kay and Marcus Redley Routledge Introduction to Social Administration in Britain by Muriel Brown and Sarah Payne Unwin Hyman The Politics of Local Government by Gerry Stoker Macmillan Public Policy under Thatcher By Stephen P. Savage and Lynton Robins Whom God Hath Joined Together: the Work of Marriage Guidance By Jane Lewis, David Clarke and David Morgan Prisoners' Children: What Are The Issues? By Roger Shaw Maternity Rights in Britain: Report on the Experience of Women and Employers By Susan McRae Policy Evaluating Health Services' Effectiveness By Anthony St Leger, Harold Schneiden and Joanna Is British Food Bad for You? By Vincent Marks Structures of Control in Health Management By Rob Flynn Alternative Medicine in Britain By Mike Saks Science, Ideology and the Media By Ronald Fletcher
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[
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https://openalex.org/W584779619
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The Welfare State and Social Work: Pursuing Social Justice
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W584779619
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Introduction PART I. MAKING SENSE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE Ch 1: Justice as a Value in Social Work A Schizophrenic Profession? Rescuing a Profession That Betrayed Its Mission Gil on Social Determinism and Constructing a Just Society Piven and Cloward on Welfare, Control, and Disruption Gilbert on Balanced Reform From Within Jordan on Struggling for Justice and Social Work Wakefield on Justice as the Organizing Principle of Social Work Comparing Concepts of Social Work Ch 2: Understanding Social Justice in Liberal Democracies Liberal-Democratic Society and its Contradictions Theories of Social Justice for Liberal Democracies Freedom Versus Democracy: Priorities in the United States Ch 3: Evaluating Distributive Justice in the United States Expanding the Welfare State Concept Dimensions of Distributive Justice How does the United States Rate on Distributive Justice? PART II. INTERPRETING WELFARE IN THE UNITED STATES: BEYOND EXCEPTIONALISM Building an Analytic Framework Ch 4: The Fragile Roots of Welfare in the United States: From Colony to the Gilded Era The Legacy of the English Poor Laws and the Shaping of a National Ideology in the Eighteenth Century The Nineteenth Century: Seismic Changes and Moral Certainties Ch 5: The Ambiguous Ancestry of Welfare and Social Work in the First Half of the Twentieth Century The Progressive Era Social Work, 1900-1920 Social Regression, Disaster, and the Birth of the Welfare State During the Interwar Years Social Work in the Twenties and Thirties Ch 6: From the Aftermath of World War II to the Great Society Holding Back the New Deal Social Work in the Postwar Period The Promise of the Great Society Social Work in the Sixties Ch 7: The Weakening of the Welfare State Gains Speed The Seventies: Expansion and Stagnation Social Work in the Seventies Reagan and the Precipitous Undoing of Public Assistance Social Work in a Regressive Era Ch 8: The End of the Millennium and the Demise of Entitlement to Public Assistance A Centrist President in a Conservative Government Social Work at the End of the Millennium PART III. THE LESSER AMERICANS: HISTORICAL LEGACIES The Story of a Limited Democracy Ch 9: Women and the Welfare State The Preindustrial Period Economic and Social Restructuring The Place of Women in the New Deal Ch 10: Welfare Through the Color Lens African Americans Mexican Americans Native Americans Genocide, Manifest Destiny, and Contradictory Federal Policy PART IV. CONTEMPORARY DIRECTIONS OF THE LIBERAL WELFARE STATE Ch 11: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - I Positive Outcomes, Concerns, and Questions Devolution: Unaccountability, Creativity, and State Budgets Crisis Promoting the Work Ethic and Self-Sufficiency Toward a Nuclear Family State Ch 12: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - II Barriers and Exclusion TANF Reauthorization Ch 13: Social Security and the Push Toward Privatization The Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 Social Insurance Financing and Alternative Proposals Further Thoughts About Privatization PART V. CONTEMPORARY DIRECTIONS OF WELFARE STATES IN DEVELOPED NATIONS Ch 14: Types of Welfare States, Different Outcomes, and Future Needs Different Logics of Welfare States Alternative Institutional Designs Comparing Welfare Types Historical Synopses Achievements of the Welfare Regimes Ch 15: The Future of Welfare State in Postindustrial Societies Demographic and Economic Shifts The Three Pillars of Welfare PART VI. LOCATING AND COUNTERACTING SOURCES OF INJUSTICE Ch 16: Framing Policy Practice Social Work's Commitment to Justice for the Twenty-First Century How Do Professional Statements Fit With Social Work Theories of Justice? What Do Social Justice Theories Add? What Guidelines Can Be Derived From the Historical Analysis? Ideology Policy Decision Making Summary Ch 17: Policy Practice Building Influence From the Ground Up Influence in Policy Making Shaping Policy Implementation Judicial Policy Making Interdependence Among Types of Policy Practice Conclusion
|
[] |
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https://openalex.org/W3158672552
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The Decline Of The Middle Class In Jordan
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Declining economic growth in Jordan, rising unemployment and the abolition of state support for certain segments of the population have led to a deterioration in the welfare of the middle class in Jordanian society. The importance of the middle class for the country is due to the fact that they act as a driving force in creating a market economy, as well as implement creative and intellectual work. The article considers the essential importance of the middle class and its role in building a democratic and legal state, as well as in ensuring a stable pace of economic development. The purpose of this article is to analyze the level of decline in the middle class in Jordanian society during 2010-2017. The following indicators were used to conduct this study: average annual income, double the national poverty line and the share of the population that receive an average of 60% of income. The source of statistical information was the data of the World Bank and the General Statistics Department of Jordan. The author of the article proposes to calculate a generalized indicator for the characteristics of the middle class in society – the average annual household income index. The study showed that during 2010-2017 there was a significant reduction in the size of the middle class in Jordan. The author suggests that such negative dynamics will persist in the coming years, especially given the decline in economic activity due to the coronavirus pandemic. It is proved that the inefficiency of state economic and social policy has led to an increase in the number of poor people, as well as rising unemployment in the country. According to the results of the study, it is proposed to adjust government programs to ensure the preservation of the middle class and enable it to realize its potential in stimulating economic growth, human capital development and supporting the development of civil society in Jordan.
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https://openalex.org/W4234597485
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Review Article
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[] |
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4234597485
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Book Review in this Articles: “The Welfare State and its Aftermath” Edited by S. N. EISENSTADT AND ORA AHIMEIR Thinking About Social Thinking The Philosophy of the Social Sciences By ANTONY FLEW The State: Authority and Autonomy By BILL JORDAN
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https://openalex.org/W4388381401
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Introduction
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"display_name": "Damian Tambini",
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"display_name": "European commission",
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"display_name": "Operating system",
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[
"Jordan"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388381401
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Abstract Around a decade ago the theme of citizenship suddenly sprang to prominence in academic debate in a number of Western countries. An initial pamphlet and article literature was consolidated into books (Jordan 1989; Kolberg 1992; Oldfield 1990; Turner 1993; Janoski 1998). T. H. Marshall, whose early post war contributions to the concept of social citizenship in the British welfare state had remained quietly in the background literature, leaped into prominence as a major figure (Bulmer and Rees 1996). Unusually for sociological and political science discourses, the theme was quickly taken up in public political debate. The British government even launched a Commission on Citizenship (UK 1990); and the European Union developed policies for a European citizenship (Commission of the European Communities 1997).
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[
{
"display_name": "Oxford University Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463708",
"type": "ebook platform"
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|
https://openalex.org/W573072266
|
Social Policy in Transition : Anglo-German Perspectives in the New European Community
|
[
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"display_name": "John Ferris",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Robert M. Page",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089988029"
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"display_name": "Individualism",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
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"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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[
"Jordan"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W573072266
|
Introduction - questions of transition, John Ferris and Robert Page social policy studies in Britain - retrospect and prospect, David Donnison changes and challenges facing the UK welfare state in the Europe of the 1990s, John Bebington and Matthew Taylor social integration or anomie? the welfare state challenged by individualism, Ulrich Mueckenberger welfare futures, Peter Taylor-Gooby a non-productivist design for social policies, Claus Offe efficiency, justice and the obligations of citizenship - the basic income approach, Bill Jordan housing problems and policy in the new Germany, Hartmut Haeusserman labour market regulation, social policy and European integration, Simon Deakin and Frank Wilkinson race, racism and social policy in Western Europe, Norman Ginsburg.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4236133542
|
BOOK REVIEWS
|
[] |
[
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
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{
"display_name": "Anthropology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19165224"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
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[
"Jordan"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4236133542
|
EXETER UNIVERSITY AND CITY: A STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS CAUSED BY UNIVERSITY GROWTH by F. M. M. Lewes and Ann Kirkness PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND PLANNERS' BLIGHT by Norman Dennis CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR SYSTEMS—A TYPOLOGY by M. B. Clinard and R. Quinney THE EVOLUTION OF THE BRITISH WELFARE STATE by Derek Fraser EXERCISES IN PERSONAL AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT by B. Hopson and P. Haigh TRADING IN CHILDREN by Robert Holman THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN THE MIXED ECONOMY by Merlyn Rees EFFICIENCY CRITERIA FOR NATIONALISED INDUSTRIES by A. Nove CAUSE AND MEANING IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES by Ernest Gellner, Edited with a Preface by I. C. Jarvie and Joseph Agessi MARIHUANA USERS AND DRUG SUBCULTURES by Bruce D. Johnson PAUPERS—THE MAKING OF A NEW CLAIMING CLASS by Bill Jordan
|
[
{
"display_name": "Social Policy & Administration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S31120751",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W348286219
|
The search for equity
|
[
{
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Peter Morris",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023041618"
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[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776554220"
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{
"display_name": "Civil society",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C513891491"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Welfare state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129603779"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Globalization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2119116"
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{
"display_name": "Welfarism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778719785"
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{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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{
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] |
[
"Jordan"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W348286219
|
Economic globalization - the need for a social dimension, John Evans social policy and economic performance, Allan Larsson will the success of the German model be its undoing?, Jurgen Hoffmann the high road to development - Japan and the stakeholder agenda, Sadahiko Inoue and Fujikazu restoring prosperity - why the US model is not the answer for the US or Europe, Thomas J. Palley the human development enterprise - pushing beyond stakeholderism, Guy Standing working time and employment, Peter Cassells and Bettina Mahr social security as a production site problem, Heiner Gansmann Japan as the first non-Western welfare state, Sadahiko Inoue tax and public finance - some issues from a UK-left perspective, Dan Corry recent tax reforms in Norway - what have we learned?, Eystein Gjelsvik should Europe import US supply-side economics?, Max B. Sawicky the role of trade unions in an interdependent world, Bill Jordan what can civil society do?, Linda Tarr-Whelan economic growth and social justice in the global economy - political challenges, policy choices, David Kusnet and Robert Taylor.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2914649857
|
Economic and Social Rights in Authoritarian Regimes: Rights, Well-Being and Strategies of Authoritarian Rule in Singapore, Jordan and Belarus
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ance Kaleja",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028112681"
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[
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776331573"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776007630"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777671340"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C46295352"
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{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C555826173"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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[
"Jordan"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2914649857
|
This study aims to explore the relationship between economic and social rights (ESR) and authoritarian regimes through scrutinising the performance of three outlier autocracies, namely, Singapore, Jordan and Belarus. These states indicate relatively high levels of ESR fulfilment, which is puzzling in light of existing theories that point to a democratic advantage. The research framework is derived from literature on human rights, authoritarian research and welfare states and the study proceeds with in-depth case studies using the approach of historical institutionalism. It inquires how these regimes have attained valuable ESR outcomes; why they have opted to pursue socio-economic performance and whether the institutionalisation of ESR in the given contexts is compatible with the overarching human rights principles of universality, accountability and inalienability. This research illuminates the connection between rights, well-being and strategies of authoritarian governance specifically in their pursuit of legitimacy. It argues that the multifaceted role of domains associated with ESR cannot be reduced to a mere provision of goods in exchange for compliance or their social control potential, but is crucially intertwined with a strategic and intentional use of informal institutions, which, with the help of welfare institutions, become intrinsic features of authoritarian welfare provision. People’s access to ESR and their capabilities to improve well-being consequently fringes on their ‘voluntary’ approval of state-sanctioned formal and informal institutions.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2499273883
|
Social Capital, Faith-Based Welfare and Islam
|
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"display_name": "Jane Harrigan",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Hamed El-Said",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5073340734"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
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{
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[
"Jordan",
"Morocco"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2499273883
|
Over recent years, the concept of Social Capital (SC) has attracted great scholarly and academic awareness. Despite the rise in the prominence of SC analysis, ‘relatively little scholarly attention has been given to the role of religion in social capital formation’ (Smidt 2003 p.2). The upshot has been an insufficient and unconvincing explanation for the phenomenal, recent and rapid rise of political Islam in most Muslim societies. It seems that thirty years since Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini brought to the modern world the idea that Islam might be a formula for governance, political Islam has gained vast momentum in almost every Muslim and Arab state. From Morocco through Jordan to the Gulf, Islamists’ voluntary charities and networks seem to have transformed themselves into successful political parties and congregations, winning parliamentary elections or registering important victories in local, municipalities and professional associations. For most scholars and observers in the West, the recent political elevation of Islamic charity organisations is seen as a ‘surprise’ (BBC News 2006), unexpected, and even ‘ambiguous’ (Abdel-Latif 2005). Muslim societies are going through a crisis; ‘The crisis of Islam’ is reflected in political Islam itself and the political rise and prominence of voluntary religious organisations demanding large sacrifices.
|
[
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|
https://openalex.org/W2157651297
|
Economic and Political Liberation in Egypt and the Demise of State Feminism
|
[
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[
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"https://openalex.org/W2797803661",
"https://openalex.org/W4234537037"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2157651297
|
In the late 1950s and the 1960s, an Egyptian welfare state was developed to provide the economic basis of a new social contract between the Nasser regime and its key class allies. Its main beneficiaries were the men and women of both the middle class and the labor aristocracy, who were to staff and run its expanding state sector. For Egyptian women, who were scorned by the pre-1952 states, the new welfare state offered explicit commitment to public equality for women. It contributed to the development of state feminism as a legal, economic, and ideological strategy to introduce changes to Egyptian society and its gender relations. In its own turn, state feminism contributed to the political legitimacy of Gamal Abdel Nasser's regime and its progressive credentials.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Middle East Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S87435064",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
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