translation
translation |
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{
"en": "On the following year in 1290, Nikko founded Taiseki-ji Temple at the foot of Mt. Fuji after receiving donations from Tokimitsu NANJO.",
"ja": "翌1290年（正応3年）、日興は南条時光の寄進によって富士山の麓に大石寺を開いた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Since then, the various schools which derived from 'Nichiren Sect of Nikko' and commonly called Fujimon School or Nikkomon School for a long time, have no doctrinally interaction and religious communication with Nichiren Sect, the combination of forty-eight honzan of Shoretsu School and Itchi School (of the Nichiren sect) under the religious policy before the War, however, they have academically interaction with them and sometimes monks from Nichiren Sect visited Taiseki-ji Temple.",
"ja": "その後長きにわたって、通称として富士門流または日興門流と呼ばれた「日興の日蓮宗」の流れを汲む諸派は、勝劣派・一致派48本山が戦前の宗教政策により連合した日蓮宗とは教義的にも宗教行為の交流はないが、学術面での交流を持っており、日蓮宗僧侶が大石寺を訪れることがある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Among them, Nichiren Shoshu Sect still insists thatevery other schools, including Nichiro School, and even other Fujimon Schools (later, it took a conciliatory attitude towards Nichiren Sect and did not follow Taiseki-ji Temple) are took as hobo because Nichiren's correct teachings were only passed to dharma lineage linked to Nichido through Nikko and Nichimoku",
"ja": "とりわけ日蓮正宗では現在でも、日蓮の正しい教えが日興-日目-日道と続く法脈以外には伝わらなかったとして、日朗系などの全ての他門流、さらには他の富士門流諸派（後世になって日蓮宗と妥協的な態度を取るようになり、大石寺に従わなくなった）までも、すべて謗法としている。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the Edo period, Taiseki-ji Temple was allowed to have dokureiseki (privilege to meet shogun face to face) at Edo-jo Castle, and Hiyori the twenty fifth, a grandchild of Emperor Gomizunoo, was adopted as the son of Hiroko KONOE, the lawful wife of the sixth Shogun Ienobu TOKUGAWA, and he was respected by the Imperial family, court nobles, the shogunate families and daimyo family (feudal lord family); however, there was strict control over missionary work by Edo bakufu, the same as for other religious schools, and there was continuous religious persecution in many places such as Kaga clan, Sendai clan, Ii and Owari clan, and Hachinohe clan, and so on.",
"ja": "江戸時代、大石寺は江戸城では独礼席を許され、また第25世の日宥は後水尾天皇の皇孫であり第6代将軍徳川家宣正室の近衛熙子の猶子（養子）に迎えられている他、皇室や公家・将軍家や大名家などの崇敬を得たが、他の宗派と同様に布教活動は江戸幕府の厳しい統制を受け続け、加賀藩・仙台藩・伊那・尾張藩・八戸藩などの各地では法難が続発した。"
}
|
{
"en": "Kanazawa Persecution, which Nichiren Shoshu Sect suffered, was occurred because Myojyo-ji Temple of Mt. Kinei (later became honzan) in Hakui City, Ishikawa Prefecture, one of the Itchi School of Nichiren Sect, of which sohonzan was Kuon-ji Temple on Mt. Minobu, made a false report to Kaga clan, and later on it was found out that Myojyo-ji Temple of the Itchi School of Nichiren Sect feaced criminal charges by making false reports to be punished by being placed under house arrest.",
"ja": "なお、金沢法難は身延山久遠寺を総本山とする一致派日蓮宗の石川県羽咋市・金栄山妙成寺（後に本山）が、加賀藩に虚偽の答申をしたために日蓮正宗が被った法難で、後に一致派日蓮宗妙成寺は虚偽答申の犯罪行為が露見し閉門蟄居の刑を受けている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Most persecution that Nichiren Shoshu Sect had to take were due to false charges made by the Itchi School of Nichiren Sect of which honzan is Kuon-ji Temple on Mt. Minobu.",
"ja": "このように日蓮正宗が被った法難の殆どは身延山久遠寺を本山とする一致派日蓮宗の讒言によって被るに至った例が多い。"
}
|
{
"en": "There is a detailed description about Kanazawa Persecution in 'Search for religious persecution of Kanazawa' written by the historical writer, Toshiko MUKAI.",
"ja": "なお、この金沢法難については郷土史家の向敏子の著による『金沢法難を尋ねて』に詳しく書かれている。"
}
|
{
"en": "There was a conflict between the religious society of Taiseki-ji Temple and national power due to the Meiji Restoration in 1868.",
"ja": "1868年の明治維新によって、大石寺教団と国家権力との間には新たな緊張関係が生まれた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Thus, the Meiji government, which basically tried to nationalize Shintoism as part of religious policy, tried to govern each Buddhist school individually due to tight control and political regulation.",
"ja": "すなわち、神道の国教化を宗教政策の根幹とした明治政府は、仏教各派に対しては、行政制度上の統合整理強制によって分割支配をはかる方針を採った。"
}
|
{
"en": "There was a background that the chief abbot of the Nichiren Sect, Nissatsu ARAI, and others aimed to 'unify the whole Nichiren discipline.'",
"ja": "この背景として、日蓮宗管長・新井日薩らによる「全日蓮門下の統合」を目指す画策もあった。"
}
|
{
"en": "Although Nichiren the fifty fourth of Taiseki-ji Temple put application 'to be independent temple of Taiseki-ji Temple' to Kyobusho (Ministry of Religion) in 1873 and continued to seek approval, it was not accepted, and in 1876, Hachihonzan (eight head temples) of Taiseki-ji Temple, Shimojo Myoren-ji Temple, Kitayama Honmon-ji Temple, Kyoro Yobo-ji Temple, Koizumi Kuon-ji Temple, Hota Myohon-ji Temple, Nishiyama Honmon-ji Temple and Izu Jitsujo-ji Temple, which were belonged to the Fujimon School, were categorized as Konon Schools of Nichiren Sect (later renamed Nichiren Honmon Sect).",
"ja": "大石寺第54世日胤は、1873年に教部省へ「大石寺一本寺独立願」を提出し、以降も数度にわたって諌暁を繰り返したが遂に容れられず、結果的に1876年より、富士門流の系列に属する大石寺・下条妙蓮寺・北山本門寺・京都要法寺・小泉久遠寺・保田妙本寺・西山本門寺・伊豆実成寺の八本山は行政上、日蓮宗興門派（後に日蓮本門宗と改称）として分類された。"
}
|
{
"en": "There was no choice but for the Hachihonzan to have 'an official position in Komon School (chief abbot of Honmon School)' in rotation as representative of a religious school for political purposes, and Nippu the fifty fifth Hoshu became the fourth chief abbot from 1881 to 1882, and Nichio the fifty sixth Hoshu became the fifth chief abbot from 1891 to 1892.",
"ja": "行政上の宗派代表としての「興門派管長（本門宗管長）」の職は、八本山が交代で務めるという形を余儀なくされ、1881年-1882年にかけては第55世法主日布が第4代の、1891年-1892年にかけては第56世法主日応が第5代の管長に就任している。"
}
|
{
"en": "The rank of the chief priest of Taiseki-ji Temple remained the same as Hoshu, while the position of the chief abbot was sometimes assumed by those from Hobo which was an unusual and humiliating situation for monks and other people of Taisekiji School, and the religious group itself was in an insecure situation.",
"ja": "大石寺派僧俗にとってみれば、大石寺の住職は依然変わりなく法主（ほっす）の地位ではあるが、管長の地位は謗法の人間が占めている場合もある、などという、信仰上極めて耐え難い異常事態が続き、教団の存立そのものも危ぶまれる事態となった。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, after that, Nippu the fifty fifth and Nichio the fifty sixty continued to protest several times against the situation and for other seven honzan temples to stop the activity to the government, and finally they got approval for the group to be independent Honmon Sect and it was officially called Fuji School of the Nichiren Sect in 1900.",
"ja": "しかしその後、第55世日布・第56世日応と、数度にわたり政府への抗議活動と他の七本山に対する破折活動が続けられた結果、ようやく1900年、本門宗からの分離独立が認可されて日蓮宗富士派と公称するようになった。"
}
|
{
"en": "Then it was renamed 'Nichiren Shoshu Sect' by the decision of Nissho the fifty seventh on June 7, 1912, which is the current official name.",
"ja": "そして1912年6月7日、第57世日正の決定により、現在の「日蓮正宗」へと宗派名の変更が行われた。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1930, Soka Kyoiku Gakkai (literally, Value-Creation Education Society) was established as an educational group by Tsunesaburo MAKIGUCHI and Josei TODA who declared their policy of a combined doctrine of Nichiren Shoshu Sect and a belief in Makiguchi's 'theory of value,' and Makiguchi assumed the position as the first president; however, Nichiren Shoshu Sect did not accept Soka Kyoiku Gakkai as a group of believers (Makiguchi described in the record, 'Soka Kyoiku Gakkai is not just pure Nichiren Shoshu Sect, but it is an independent group that proceeds my own theory of value.'",
"ja": "なお、1930年（昭和5年）に、牧口常三郎、戸田城聖らにより、日蓮正宗の教義と牧口の「価値論」を合体させた教義を奉ずる教育団体として創価教育学会が設立され、初代会長には牧口が就任したが、日蓮正宗では信徒団体として認めなかった（牧口は調書に「創価教育学会は純然たる日蓮正宗ではなく、自分の価値論を実践する一個の独立した団体」と供述している）。"
}
|
{
"en": "After the Pacific War ended, Toda assumed the position as the second president and he changed the name from Soka Kyoiku Gakkai to Soka Gakkai (literally, Value-Creation Society), and after that, Nichiren Shoshu Sect itself became very popular.",
"ja": "太平洋戦争終結後、第2代会長に就任した戸田は、創価教育学会の名称を創価学会と改称し、以後、日蓮正宗も格段に発展することとなった。"
}
|
{
"en": "Especially after Taisaku IKEDA became the third president, (current chairperson emeritus) in 1960, it was the best time for Nichiren Shoshu Sect and Soka Gakkai, since kyakuden (guest hall) (Taiseki-ji Temple) and Shohon-do (Taiseki-ji Temple) were built with the donations from former Hokke Ko (the former Buddhist parishioner) and believers of Soka Gakkai.",
"ja": "とりわけ、1960年（昭和35年）の第3代会長池田大作（現・名誉会長）の会長就任以降、大石寺には、従来の法華講（旧来の檀家）と創価学会信者の寄進により客殿(大石寺)や正本堂(大石寺)などが建立されるなど、長らく双方の間には蜜月状態が続いた。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, the Soka Gakkai side gradually continued to insist on the change of doctrine, and after going through various issues in 1977, Nichiren Shoshu Sect excommunicated Soka Gakkai on November 28, 1991, in the name of the sixty seventh Hoshu at that time, Nikken.",
"ja": "しかし、次第に創価学会側からの教義の変更が相次ぐようになり、1970年代後期の昭和52年路線問題を経て、1991年11月28日に、日蓮正宗宗門は、当時の第67世法主日顕の名前で創価学会を破門処分にした。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, in the records of Shumuin Propagation Hall, there is no record of the approval for Soka Gakkai to establish its organization, and the relationship between Nichiren Shoshu Sect and Soka Gakkai is the same as that between Itchi School of Nichiren Sect and Rissho Koseikai (Buddhist organization founded by Nikkyo NIWANO and Myoko NAGANUMA), and some people said that Soka Gakkai was not an official believers group after all.",
"ja": "しかし宗務院録事にも創価学会の組織結成を許可した事実が記載されていないため、日蓮正宗と創価学会は一致派日蓮宗と立正佼成会の関係と同じで、正規の信徒団体とはいえないとも指摘されている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Usually, in the believers' group (Kochu) of Nichiren Shoshu Sect, the chief priest of the branch temples (instructor) and the representative of the believers need to apply for 'approval of establishing an organization' to Shumuin, and after the application is processed in Shumuin, Hoshu, the chief abbot of Nichiren Shoshu Sect signs and puts his seal onto it; however Soka Gakkai has neither a record of receiving approval for establishing the organization nor instructor from the beginning, and they were treated as outsiders within Nichiren Shoshu Sect.",
"ja": "日蓮正宗の信徒団体（講中）は末寺住職（指導教師）と信徒の代表が宗務院に「組織結成許可願」を提出し、宗務院で審議の得て日蓮正宗の管長である法主が組織結成許可書に署名押印するが、創価学会は組織許可書の交付も受けていなければ指導教師も初めから存在しておらず、宗内ではゲスト的に扱われていた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Nichiren Sect separated into many religious schools after the beginning of the religion, and one of them is called Kuon-ji Temple on Mt. Minobu, sozan (the mountain of the foundation) Nichiren Sect, where there are many believers from samurai families, and they strengthened their power under the bakufu government and came to control the whole Nichiren Sect.",
"ja": "日蓮宗はその開教以降、幾多の宗派に分派したが、その中でも日蓮宗の祖山とされる身延山久遠寺は武家の帰依者が多く、幕府統治下で勢力を拡大し、日蓮宗の総元締といえるほどとなった。"
}
|
{
"en": "On the other hand, Taiseki-ji Temple of the Nikko School, who are the successors of the same kechimyaku (heritage of the Law) of Yuiju Ichinin (succeed everything that the master knows about the art to only one excellent disciple), has installed the So-mon gate (main gate) in Palace-style, made of dark wood (Kuro-mon gate), and a red lacquered Sanmon gate and Niten-mon gate with kikumon (chrysanthemum crest) and Chokushi-mon gate (the gate for the Imperial Envoys) and they showed the power of their religious school to the court nobles with architecture.",
"ja": "その一方、唯授一人の血脈相承者と称する日興門派の大石寺は総門を黒木の御所造(黒門）、三門は朱塗りで二天門には菊紋を施し勅使門を設けるなど、建築で自派の公家への影響力を主張した。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, the above buildings were not allowed to be built without imperial sanction before the war, so these buildings were the one to prove that there was imperial sanction for Taiseki-ji Temple.",
"ja": "ただし、上記の建築物は、戦前までは勅許無しでは建てられなかった形態であるので、上記建築物こそが大石寺に勅許が下っている証拠ともいわれる。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is said that the above mentioned poems were made to criticize two deferent schools of Nichiren Sect, but there are some questions raised in terms of the practical part.",
"ja": "それら日蓮宗二派の情勢を評して上記のような歌が詠まれたとされているが、事実的な部分については疑問視する意見もある。"
}
|
{
"en": "The beginning of the poem is a collection of poetry from the Keicho era, 'Biyokunkashu' (a collection of Muromachi kouta (popular songs in the Muromachi period)).",
"ja": "歌の初出は、慶長年間の歌集「美楊君歌集」である。"
}
|
{
"en": "There is a poem made by an unknown poet which said, 'Mt. Minobu for samurai families, Mt. Fuji for court nobles, Ishiyama for emperors' favorite.'",
"ja": "そこに歌詠み知らずで「武家の身延に公家の冨士石山禁裏の御用達」とある。"
}
|
{
"en": "The hoshu who succeeded the blood line of Yuiju Ichinin is the highest ranked monk of the Nichiren Shoshu Sect, and the rank of the monk was daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order).",
"ja": "唯授一人の血脈相承を受けた法主（ほっす）が、日蓮正宗の宗門における僧侶の最高位であり、僧侶の階級は大僧正（だいそうじょう）である。"
}
|
{
"en": "In recent religious regulations, only hoshu can definitely become the chief abbot, the manager of Shumu (General Affairs of a sect) politics, after going through a candidate selection meeting for the chief abbot.",
"ja": "近年の宗規では、法主のみが管長推戴会議の選定を経て宗務行政の長である管長の職に必ず就くことになっている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Hoshu also work as chief abbot of a Buddhist temple (chief priest) of Sohonzan Taiseki-ji Temple.",
"ja": "また法主は総本山大石寺の貫首（住職）をも兼ねている。"
}
|
{
"en": "The current hoshu is the sixty eighth, Nichinyo HAYASE.",
"ja": "現在の法主は、第68世早瀬日如である。"
}
|
{
"en": "If the next candidate for the successor of hoshu was officially announced, he will be appointed as Gakuto (head student).",
"ja": "次期法主候補者があらかじめ公表されている場合、次期法主候補者は学頭に任じられる。"
}
|
{
"en": "The official rank of Gakuto as monk is Gon no Daisojo (the second-ranking of Buddhist monk).",
"ja": "学頭の僧侶としての階級は権大僧正（ごんだいそうじょう）となる。"
}
|
{
"en": "However if the successor is not officially announced, the position of Gakuto is kept vacant.",
"ja": "ただし公表されない場合は、学頭は空席のままである。"
}
|
{
"en": "There are some noge (master) who are a group of high priests one rank next to hoshu, and currently there are ten monks who are in the position of noge excluding former Hoshu Nikken.",
"ja": "法主の下には若干名の能化（のうけ）が、法主に次ぐ高僧衆として存在し、現在は前法主の日顕を除く10名の僧侶が能化の位にある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Hoshu are called by using their respect title such as 'go hoshu Nichi X jonin geika' and 'Nichi X jonin.'",
"ja": "法主の尊称として「御法主日○上人猊下」「日○上人」が用いられる。"
}
|
{
"en": "The former hoshu who leave the temple and retire are called with the respective title of 'goinson geika' or 'goinson jonin.'",
"ja": "生前に退座して隠居した前法主は御隠尊猊下または御隠尊上人と敬称される。"
}
|
{
"en": "The respective title of Jonin (Saint) can be donated or given to as conferring court rank posthumously to noge or former hoshu, after getting the approval of hoshu.",
"ja": "なお、上人の称号は、法主の許可により、能化をはじめ、法主経験者以外の者にも贈与または追贈されることがある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Also Buddhist name with the character of nichi (日) is called Nichigo, which is given to monks while they are alive.",
"ja": "また、日の字がつく法名を日号（にちごう）といい、僧侶には存命中に与えられる。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, only a high priest with rank higher than noge (a lower priest in the highest position) can officially name Nichigo while they are alive.",
"ja": "ただし能化（権僧正）以上の高僧しか存命中に公称することは許されない。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, some monks who are not in a high position or lay believers of the religious group can have Nichigo after they die, while they are given posthumous Buddhist names by the approval of hoshu as well.",
"ja": "ただし死後は、やはり法主の許可により、一般僧侶も、また在家信徒にも戒名中に日号がつけられる場合がある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Only hoshu has the right' to give Jonin go (name) or Nichigo, the same condition as to give rights of honzon shosha ken (rights to make a written copy of the principle images) and kyogi saitei-ken (right to judge doctrines).",
"ja": "上人号・日号等の授与権は、本尊書写権や教義裁定権と並んで「法主のみの権能」とされている。"
}
|
{
"en": "These 'centralization' of important powers shows the prohibition of 'independent honzan' beyond the control of sohonzan, in contrast to the Minobu schools of Nichiren Sect, where the local chief priest himself makes a written copy of the principle image of Monji Mandala (mandala depicted Buddha in Chinese characters, scriptures, and so on) and gives away copies to his close believers.",
"ja": "こういった重要権限の「中央集権」化は総本山の指揮統制を離れる「単立本山」の成立を許さない姿勢の表れであり、地元の住職が独自に文字曼荼羅本尊を書写し親しい信徒に下賜することもある身延系の日蓮宗とは対照的である。"
}
|
{
"en": "As the position of kancho (the chief abbot) is set as the head to supervise the office work of Shumuin.",
"ja": "宗務院の事務を総理する長として、管長の職を置く。"
}
|
{
"en": "The kancho also works as Hoshu and the chief priest of Taiseki-ji Temple.",
"ja": "管長は法主・大石寺住職が兼任する。"
}
|
{
"en": "Shumuin locate in the precincts of Sohonzan Taiseki-ji Temple.",
"ja": "宗務院は、総本山大石寺境内に置かれている。"
}
|
{
"en": "There is a modern official system established and general political matters are divided into five divisions under the supervision of the General Office Director who supports kancho, such as Shomubu (General Affairs Department), Kyogakubu (Educational Department), Kaigaibu (Overseas Department), Shogaibu (Public Relations Department) and Zaimubu (Finance Department).",
"ja": "管長を補佐する宗務総監の指揮監督の下、庶務部・教学部・海外部・渉外部・財務部の5部門によって宗務行政が分担される近代的事務機構が構築されている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Furthermore, there is juyaku, a position of executive which follows the position of kancho and sokan (general office director), who works as advisor.",
"ja": "なお、管長・総監に次ぐ役職として重役も設けられており、顧問的役割を持つ。"
}
|
{
"en": "In each department, there is bucho (general manager), fuku-bucho (assistant general manager) (currently there is no one in this position in Kaigaibu and Zaimubu and shunin (manager), and especially, the bucho of Shomubu is practically in the position of supporting sokan.",
"ja": "各部には部長、副部長（現在、海外部と財務部は空席）、主任が置かれており、特に庶務部長は実質的に総監を補佐する立場にある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Apart from above, there are Shukai, which is a committee elected by an election among monks, Kanseikai (監正会) which is enforcement of the law of the land, and representative system introduced which has a group of five people participating in government who are appointed by kancho and are higher rank than gondaisozu (Junior prelate).",
"ja": "この他に、僧の中から選挙によって議員が選ばれる宗会、綱紀粛正機関である監正会、管長が任命した権大僧都以上の者5名による参議会などの合議システムも導入されている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Shomuin regulated propagation districts all over Japan called Dai Fukyo-ku (大布教区, large propagation district), and other districts which are controlled by Dai Fukyo-ku.",
"ja": "宗務院は全国に大布教区と大布教区に統轄される布教区を敷いている。"
}
|
{
"en": "There is Tokubetsu Fukyo-ku (特別布教区, special propagation district) within tatchu (a sub-temple on the premise of a large temple) of sohonzan.",
"ja": "総本山塔中には特別布教区を敷いている。"
}
|
{
"en": "The office matters in Tokubetsu Fukyo-ku are dealt within Naikotobu (Department of Operation of the Temple) of Taiseki-ji Temple.",
"ja": "特別布教区の事務は、大石寺内事部において取り扱われている。"
}
|
{
"en": "In Naikotobu there is one shunin riji (chief director), one or two shitsuji (stewards), and some riji (administrators) are appointed within the chief priests of tatchu temples under the supervision of Hoshu, and they become representatives of operations of the temple of sohonzan.",
"ja": "内事部では法主のもと塔中坊の住職の中から主任理事が1名、執事が1名ないし2名、理事が若干名任命され総本山の寺務の責任者となる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Legally, hoshu acts as the representative committee of Taiseki-ji Temple, and the shunin riji, riji, and sodai (the representative) act as responsible committee members.",
"ja": "法的に、大石寺の代表役員は法主が務め、主任理事、理事、総代が責任役員となる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Shunin riji and shitsuji are to support hoshu's judicial affairs as the chief priest of Taiseki-ji Temple, and when hoshu is away, they act as doshi (officiating monks) to conduct Buddhist memorial services.",
"ja": "また、主任理事、執事は法主の大石寺住職としての法務を補佐する立場にあり、法主不在の場合代理で法要の導師を務めるなどする。"
}
|
{
"en": "The chief priest, shukan (supervisor), assistant of the chief priest, fuku-shukan (assistant of shukan) are created by a quite centralized system; they are sent by sohonzan with an order from kacho, and it is not a hereditary or family-run system which can often be seen in traditional Buddhism after the Meiji restoration.",
"ja": "日蓮正宗寺院の住職・主管、副住職・副主管は明治維新以降の伝統仏教でよく見られるような世襲制、家族経営ではなく、管長の辞令により総本山から派遣される極めて中央集権的なシステムとなっている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Therefore sometimes there is a change in the chief priest in a short period of time or exchange of a chief priest between two temples.",
"ja": "そのため、短期間で住職が交代したり、2つの寺院の間で住職が入れ替わるということもある。"
}
|
{
"en": "The assistant chief priest and fuku-shukan are appointed by the chief priest and kancho with instructors in accordance with the regulation of the Sect, and after that they are assumed their new positions after receiving approval from hoshu.",
"ja": "副住職・副主管に関しては、宗規で、住職・主管が教師の中から選び、法主の承認を得て着任する決まりとなっている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Thus the head priest can not use the property of the temple as his own property (inheritance, and so on).",
"ja": "したがって、住職は寺院の財産を私的に用いる（相続など）ことは出来ない。"
}
|
{
"en": "In old days, monks used to have disciples within the sect to become new monks, but currently people can apply to become a monk by passing the inspection to enter the Buddhist priesthood and become a disciple of Saint hoshu.",
"ja": "僧侶となる場合、かつては宗内の僧侶が弟子をとることもあったが、現在は得度審査に合格して法主上人の弟子となる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Most of the monks are twelve years old when entering the Buddhist priesthood, and as soon as they finish primary school they become the priests.",
"ja": "大半の僧侶は少年得度で12歳、小学校卒業と同時に出家する。"
}
|
{
"en": "Other candidates for monks from ordinary people are invited at any time.",
"ja": "それ以外の一般得度者も随時募集される。"
}
|
{
"en": "After entering into the priesthood and finishing training until the last year of the high school at Taiseki-ji Temple of sohonzan, they work for temples in the countries (mostly for temples with the same rank as honzan and for those around large cities) for about four years, followed by working for sohonzan for one year, and he or she will be appointed as assistant instructor (allowed to teach Buddhist law), and will be sent to temples in the countries as chief priests (or assistant chief priests) if there is an order from kancho.",
"ja": "出家得度し高校3年生まで総本山大石寺で修業した後、地方寺院（主に本山格寺院や大都市周辺の寺院）で4年程度在勤し、最後に総本山で1年在勤したのち教師に補任され（説法を許される）、管長の辞令があれば地方寺院の住職（副住職の場合もあり）として派遣される。"
}
|
{
"en": "Some monks spend all their lives in sohonzan after entering into priesthood.",
"ja": "一部の僧侶は得度以来総本山で一生を過ごす者もいる。"
}
|
{
"en": "All the priest's robes have shiro-gojo kesa (kesa (Buddhist stole) divided into five parts longitudinally colored white) and clothes with a thin black (there are differences in the pattern of the clothes, depending on the rank of the monks), and monks are not allowed to wear these costumes without having a license to wear them from kancho.",
"ja": "法衣は全階級とも白五条袈裟に薄墨色の衣（僧階が上がると模様が入るなどの違いはある）であるが、袈裟・衣は管長の免許がなければ着用することはできないことになっている。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the generation who entered into the priesthood around 1965, which was called the honeymoon period of Soshu (Soka Gakkai and Nichiren Shoshu Sect), many new temples were built rapidly thanks to huge donations from Soka Gakkai, some people were appointed that more monks and lower quality, just like 'quantity products of low quality,' because there were more ascetic monks who came from among lay believers than other traditional Buddhist schools, and currently they have a good reputation of their strict grounding on education of monks.",
"ja": "概ね創宗蜜月時代といわれていた昭和40年代辺りの得度の世代だと、創価学会からの多大な寄進で新寺院が急増し僧侶の「粗製濫造」が進んだことが一部で指摘されているが、他の伝統仏教に比べ在家出身の修行僧が多いため、現在では僧侶としての厳格な素養教育には定評がある。"
}
|
{
"en": "In Nichiren Shoshu Sect, the rank of the monk (rank of priest) is listed as follows.",
"ja": "日蓮正宗では僧侶の階級（僧階）は次のようになっている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Kyoshi (Instructor)",
"ja": "教師"
}
|
{
"en": "Daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order) (hoshu or a person who was previously hoshu)",
"ja": "大僧正（法主及び法主経験者）"
}
|
{
"en": "Gondaisojo (generally second grade Buddhist priest) (Gakuto)",
"ja": "権大僧正（学頭）"
}
|
{
"en": "Sojo (high Buddhist priest)",
"ja": "僧正"
}
|
{
"en": "Gonsojo (the lowest grade that can be held by one who has reached the highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests)",
"ja": "権僧正"
}
|
{
"en": "(the ranks above are Noge)",
"ja": "（これより上が能化となる）"
}
|
{
"en": "Daisozu (the highest grade that can be held by one who has reached the second highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests)",
"ja": "大僧都"
}
|
{
"en": "Gondaisozu",
"ja": "権大僧都"
}
|
{
"en": "Sozu",
"ja": "僧都"
}
|
{
"en": "Gonsozu",
"ja": "権僧都"
}
|
{
"en": "Dai koshi (The highest lecturer)",
"ja": "大講師"
}
|
{
"en": "Koshi (The lecturer)",
"ja": "講師"
}
|
{
"en": "Sho koshi (The junior lecturer)",
"ja": "少講師"
}
|
{
"en": "Kundo (teacher)",
"ja": "訓導"
}
|
{
"en": "Gonkundo",
"ja": "権訓導"
}
|
{
"en": "Hikyoshi (非教師, non-instructor)",
"ja": "非教師"
}
|
{
"en": "Itto Gakushu (students of the first rank)",
"ja": "一等学衆"
}
|
{
"en": "Nito Gakushu (students of the second rank)",
"ja": "二等学衆"
}
|
{
"en": "Santo Gakushu (students of the third rank)",
"ja": "三等学衆"
}
|
{
"en": "Shami (monk in the junior rank)",
"ja": "沙弥"
}
|
{
"en": "Each rank given to different people depends on the regulation of the group.",
"ja": "それぞれの階位の授与等は内部規定による。"
}
|
{
"en": "Kancho: Nichinyo (the chief priest of Taiseki-ji Temple of Sohonzan), daisojo",
"ja": "管長日如（総本山大石寺住職）大僧正"
}
|
{
"en": "Zenkancho (the former kancho): Nikken (the former chief priest of Taiseki-ji Temple of sohonzan), daisojo",
"ja": "前管長日顕（前・総本山大石寺住職）大僧正"
}
|
{
"en": "Sokan: Shinei YAGI (shukan of Hodoin Temple in Tokyo, chief kyoshi of the headquarters of Hokke Ko, the former chief riji of Taiseki-ji Temple), gonsojo",
"ja": "総監八木日照（東京・法道院主管、法華講本部指導教師、前・大石寺主任理事）権僧正"
}
|
{
"en": "Juyaku: Nichijun FUJIMOTO (the chief priest of Josen-ji Temple in Tokyo, the former sokan), sojo",
"ja": "重役藤本日潤（東京・常泉寺住職、元・総監）僧正"
}
|
{
"en": "Shukai gicho (chairman of Shukai): Keido HOSOI (the chief priest of Jozai-ji Temple in Tokyo)",
"ja": "宗会議長細井珪道（東京・常在寺住職）"
}
|
{
"en": "Bucho of Kyogakubu: Kosho MIZUSHIMA (水島公正, the chief priest of Noan-ji Temple in Tokorozawa, chief kyoshi of the head quarter of Hokke Ko)",
"ja": "教学部長水島公正（所沢・能安寺住職、法華講本部指導教師）"
}
|
{
"en": "Bucho of Shomubu: Shinsho ABE (阿部信彰, the chief priest of Myokoku-ji Temple in Tokyo, chief kyoshi of the head quarter of Hokke Ko)",
"ja": "庶務部長阿部信彰（東京・妙国寺住職、法華講本部指導教師）"
}
|
{
"en": "Bucho of Kaigaibu: Yukio URUSHIBATA (漆畑行雄, the chief priest of Myoren-ji Temple of honzan in Fujinomiya)",
"ja": "海外部長漆畑行雄（富士宮・本山妙蓮寺住職）"
}
|
{
"en": "Bucho of Zaimubu: Noriaki NAGAKURA (長倉教明, the chief priest of Nissho-ji Temple in Sapporo)",
"ja": "財務部長長倉教明（札幌・日正寺住職）"
}
|
{
"en": "Bucho of Shogaibu: Kogaku AKIMOTO (the chief priest of Sentoku-ji Temple in Setagaya-ku Ward, Tokyo)",
"ja": "渉外部長秋元広学（東京・宣徳寺(東京都世田谷区)住職）"
}
|
{
"en": "Fuku-bucho of Kyogakubu: Shindo MIYANO (宮野審道, the chief priest of Keishin-ji Temple in Saitama, the executive of Dainichiren publishing Co., Ltd)",
"ja": "副教学部長宮野審道（埼玉・啓信寺住職、(株)大日蓮出版代表者）"
}
|
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