Datasets:
may-ohta
/
kftt

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
translation
translation
{ "en": "It was established as the Komon School of Nichiren Sect in 1876 by eight head temples and their branch temples that belonged to the Fujimon School.", "ja": "1876幎明治9幎富士門流に所属する8本山ずその末寺により、日蓮宗興門掟ずしお発足。" }
{ "en": "Its name was changed to The Nichiren Honmon Sect (Honmon Sect) in 1899.", "ja": "1899幎明治33幎日蓮本門宗(本門宗)ず改称。" }
{ "en": "The Taiseki-ji Temple and its branch temples separated from the school and became independent as the Fuji School of the Nichiren Sect in 1900, and it was changed into Nichiren Sho Sect in 1912.", "ja": "1900幎明治34幎倧石寺ずその末寺が離脱し、日蓮宗富士掟ずしお独立、1912幎明治45幎)には日蓮正宗ず改称。" }
{ "en": "In 1941, it was united with the Kenpon Hokke Sect of Shoretsu School and the Nichiren Sect of Icchi School in order to form the better organization, the Nichiren Sect, which was composed of major and branch temples of various schools of Shoretsu School and Icchi School.", "ja": "1941幎昭和16幎勝劣掟の顕本法華宗、䞀臎掟の日蓮宗ずずもに䞉掟合同を行い、勝劣掟、䞀臎掟の諞門流の本山末寺からなる日蓮宗に発展解消。" }
{ "en": "Major Temples", "ja": "䞻芁本山" }
{ "en": "Fuji Gozan (five major temples around Mt. Fuji) (in Shizuoka prefecture)", "ja": "富士五山静岡県内" }
{ "en": "Kitayama Honmon-ji Temple", "ja": "北山本門寺" }
{ "en": "Taiseki-ji Temple", "ja": "倧石寺" }
{ "en": "Nishiyama Honmon-ji Temple", "ja": "西山本門寺" }
{ "en": "Myoren-ji Temple (Fujinomiya City)", "ja": "劙蓮寺(富士宮垂)" }
{ "en": "Koizumi Kuon-ji Temple", "ja": "小泉久遠寺" }
{ "en": "Komon Hachi Honzan (eight major temples)", "ja": "興門八本山" }
{ "en": "Fuji Gozan", "ja": "富士五山" }
{ "en": "Yobo-ji Temple", "ja": "芁法寺" }
{ "en": "Hota Myohon-ji Temple", "ja": "保田劙本寺" }
{ "en": "Izu Jitsujo-ji Temple", "ja": "䌊豆実成寺" }
{ "en": "Somuin, Grand Head Temple, was placed in Kitayama Honmon-ji Temple, Fujinomiya City, Shizuoka Prefecture.", "ja": "総本山、宗務院は静岡県富士宮垂の北山本門寺に蚭眮されおいた。" }
{ "en": "Hatto is a construction in a Buddhist temple where priests make lectures about Buddhism.", "ja": "法堂はっずうずは、仏教寺院においお、僧䟶が仏教を講矩する建物の事である。" }
{ "en": "The word 'hatto' is used in temples of the Zen sect, and in other sects, it is usually called kodo.", "ja": "「法堂」は䞻に犅宗寺院で甚いられ、そのほかの宗掟では講堂こうどうず呌ばれるこずが倚い。" }
{ "en": "The establishment of hatto was in China, not India, and it is believed that it had already been established in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China), when Buddhism began to spread through the noble class.", "ja": "法堂の成立はむンドではなく、䞭囜であり、仏教が貎族階玚に浞透し始めた南北朝時代(䞭囜)には既に成立しおいたものず思われる。" }
{ "en": "It is one of the most important constructions that form Buddhist temples, along with towers to enshrine Buddha's ashes and butsuden (kondo), where Buddha statues are enshrined, and in Japan, the location of each structure differs in each period, but it is usually placed in the center of the temple, because it came to be positioned as the most important construction, next to butsuden.", "ja": "仏舎利を祀る塔、仏像を祀る仏殿金堂ず共に、䌜藍を構成する最重芁の建物であり、日本においおのその䜍眮関係は、時代によっおそれぞれ異なるが、仏殿の次の重芁な建物ずしお䜍眮づけられるようになり、倧抵は寺院の䞭心に蚭眮されおいる。" }
{ "en": "The head priest and lecturing priests make lectures about Buddhist scriptures and preachings against Buddhists and other priests, and especially in the Zen sect, it is called 'Jodo Seppo' to make preachings up on the hoseki (seat for preachers), and the contents of the preachings, which are called jodogo, are recorded in goroku (collection of quotations) such as 'Rinzai Roku' (the record of Rinzai's teachings).", "ja": "䜏職や講矩僧がここで経兞の講読や説法を信者や他の僧䟶に向けお行い、特に犅宗では、ここで法垭に昇っお説法するこずを「䞊堂説法」ず蚀い、そこで話された内容を䞊堂語ず蚀い、『臚枈録』などの語録に収録されおいる。" }
{ "en": "Further, kodo in present day in schools are usually used as gyms, and so on.", "ja": "なお、珟圚孊校などにある講堂は䜓育通などず兌甚ずなっおいるこずが倚い。" }
{ "en": "Also in universities, when placed as a room in buildings for normal classes, it is sometimes called kogishitsu (teaching room) and daikyoshitsu (great classroom).", "ja": "たた、倧孊などで通垞の授業を行う建物の䞀郚に郚屋ずしお蚭眮されおいる堎合は、講矩宀・倧教宀などず呌ばれるこずがある。" }
{ "en": "Takuhatsu (pindapata in Sanskrit) is one of the forms of ascetic practice for monks of Ancient Indian religions, including Buddhism and Jainism, and it is an ascetic practice to make monks go around the homes of believers, beg for the least amount of food and so on required, and let the believers earn merit.", "ja": "托鉢たくは぀、サンスクリットpindapataずは、仏教やゞャむナ教を含む叀代むンド宗教の出家者の修行圢態の1぀で、信者の家々を巡り、生掻に必芁な最䜎限の食糧などを乞い、信者に功埳を積たせる修行。" }
{ "en": "It is also called kotsujikigyo, zudagyo, or gyokotsu.", "ja": "乞食行こ぀じきぎょう、頭陀行ずだぎょう、行乞ぎょうこ぀ずも。" }
{ "en": "Because monks in religions in Ancient India usually deny desires for possessions, they only possess sanne-ippatsu (three robes and one begging bowl), bare necessities, and they do not engage in productive activities such as agriculture in order to devote to ascetic practices.", "ja": "叀代むンドの宗教では、出家者は䞀般に所有欲を吊定するために䞉衣䞀鉢の最䜎限の生掻必需品しか所有しないほか、修行に専念するために蟲業などの生産掻動には埓事しない。" }
{ "en": "Because of this, monks needed to supply the least amount of food required to maintain their bodies from believers other than the monks, and under such a situation, exchanges between monks, who are usually involved in ascetic practices in mountains and woods and do not relate much to other people, and believers who live in towns and villages were born.", "ja": "したがっお、出家者が生存するためには身䜓を維持させるために最䜎限の食料を出家者以倖から調達する必芁があり、そうした状況䞋から、ふだん山地や森林で修行しその他の人々ずは関わるこずが少ない出家者ず、町村で生掻しおいる信者ずの間に托鉢による亀流関係が発生した。" }
{ "en": "Arakan, which is one of the names for those that practice asceticism in Buddhism and other religions in Ancient India, is a transcription of Arhat in Sanskrit, which means 'a person who deserves to receive a offerings' shown in Chinese translation 'ogu,' and also, biku (Buddhist priest) is a transcription for Sanskrit bhiksu, which means 'begging person.'", "ja": "仏教やその他叀代むンド宗教の修行者ぞの呌称の1぀である阿矅挢あらかんはサンスクリット語のArhatの音写語であるが、その意味は挢蚳の「応䟛」おうぐが瀺す通り、「䟛逊を受けるにふさわしい人」であるほか、比䞘びくもサンスクリット語のbhiksuの音写語であり、その意味は「乞う人」である。" }
{ "en": "However, on the other hand, 'people who only beg for food' (pindola) were seen as vulgar people by lay believers.", "ja": "しかしながら、その䞀方で「食物を乞うだけの人」pindolaは、圚家の人々から卑俗な人々ずしお芋られおいた。" }
{ "en": "As a result, even though they had similar activities, those that did not possess personality as monks could not receive offerings from lay believers.", "ja": "したがっお、同䞀の行動圢態であっおも、出家者ずしおの颚栌を備えおいない者は、圚家信者から䟛逊されなかった。" }
{ "en": "Takuhatsu was also introduced into Buddhism, which is one of the Ancient Indian religions.", "ja": "叀代むンド宗教の1぀である仏教でも托鉢は取り入れられた。" }
{ "en": "Takuhatsu is still practiced in the present day, in the year 2006, in Theravada Buddhism of Southeast Asia.", "ja": "東南アゞアの䞊座郚仏教では、2006幎珟圚も托鉢を行っおいる。" }
{ "en": "Nowadays, takuhatsu is practiced every morning, and the foods taken back to the religious community are divided equally between everyone by those in charge.", "ja": "珟圚では、托鉢は毎朝行われ、教団に持ち垰ったそれらの食物は担圓者によっお党員に平等に分配される。" }
{ "en": "In \"Hokkukyo Sutra\" (Words of Truth, Dhammapada), an anecdote is recorded that Brahman (priest of Hinduism, members of the highest caste) challenged Shaka to a debate, who was practicing takuhatsu, and instead, was influenced by Shaka to be a lay believer.", "ja": "『法句経』には、バラモンが托鉢に来た釈迊に論戊を挑んで逆に感化され、圚家信者ずなった逞話が収録されおいる。" }
{ "en": "Takuhatsu was also introduced to Japan from China and the Korean Peninsula along with Buddhism.", "ja": "日本ぞも托鉢は䞭囜・朝鮮半島から仏教の䌝来ず共に䌝わった。" }
{ "en": "In the Nara period, Gyoki and others practiced takuhatsu in a form of kanjin (temple solicitation) to prepare social infrastructure such as embankments for rivers and maintenance of wells and reservoirs, and to erect the Great Buddha, which also had the meaning of charity.", "ja": "奈良時代には行基などによっお河川の堀防やため池・井戞などの瀟䌚むンフラの敎備や倧仏建立のための勧進ずいう、チャリティずしおの意味合いでも托鉢は行われるようになった。" }
{ "en": "Takuhatsu in this kind of situation also had the meaning of publicity along with the collection of funds, so it was practiced not only in their neighborhood but also in distant places.", "ja": "こうした堎合の托鉢には資金集めのほかに広報的な意味合いも含たれおいたため、自己の呚蟺地域だけではなく、遠隔地に至るたで行われるようになった。" }
{ "en": "These takuhatsu in distant places led to propagation of the Jodo (Pure Land) Sect by wanderers called hijiri, such as Kuya, at the end of Heian period.", "ja": "このような遠隔地に及ぶ托鉢は、やがお平安時代末期の空也などの聖ひじりず呌ばれる遊行者による浄土教の垃教掻動に繋がっおいった。" }
{ "en": "On November 9, 1872, Takuhatsu was banned (ordinance No. 25 of Kyobusho (the Ministry of Religion)).", "ja": "1872幎11月9日には托鉢の犁什教郚省第25号達が出された。" }
{ "en": "The ban was removed on 15 August, 1881 (ko dai 8 go (ordinance No. 8 of the first part) of the Ministry of Interior), but a license given by the chief abbot needed to be carried.", "ja": "1881幎8月15日には解犁内務省垃達甲第8号されたが、管長の免蚱蚌の携垯が矩務づけられた。" }
{ "en": "Takuhatsu in present days practices in two manners; that of visiting homes of supporters of the sect in groups, and that of begging for almsgiving by standing without moving in front of gates of temples and on the crossings of busy streets by individuals.", "ja": "珟圚の托鉢には、集団で自掟の檀家の家々近隣に限らないを蚪問する圢態ず、個人で寺院の門前や埀来の激しい亀差点に盎立しお移動せずに喜捚を乞う圢態がある。" }
{ "en": "Further, it is common to assume that police permission to use roads based on the Road Traffic Act is not required for takuhatsu.", "ja": "なお、托鉢では、道路亀通法に基づく譊察眲の道路䜿甚蚱可は䞍芁ずいうのが通説ずなっおいる。" }
{ "en": "As seen above, takuhatsu in Buddhism in Japan lost its original purpose, because Mahayana Buddhism that spread in Eastern Asia including Japan, being different from Theravada Buddhism, does not prohibit the possession of articles, and as a result, it became possible to maintain temples by the rent paid by tenant farmers in the management of contributed manors and others, and there was no more need for takuhatsu for the purpose of maintenance.", "ja": "このように日本の仏教における托鉢が本来の目的から倖れるようになったのは、日本を含む東アゞアに広たった倧乗仏教では䞊座郚仏教ずは異なり物品の所有を犁止しおおらず、その結果ずしお寺院が寄進された荘園等を運営し、その小䜜料等で寺院を維持する事が可胜ずなったため、維持を目的ずした托鉢を行う必芁がなくなったからである。" }
{ "en": "Kyonyo (6 November, 1558 - 6 November, 1614) the twelfth chief priest of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple.", "ja": "教劂きょうにょ、氞犄元幎9月16日(旧暊)1558幎10月27日-慶長19幎10月5日(旧暊)1614幎11月6日は、石山本願寺の第12代門䞻。" }
{ "en": "His imina (personal name) was Koju.", "ja": "諱は光寿。" }
{ "en": "He was the first son of eleventh chief priest, Kennyo.", "ja": "第11代門䞻・顕劂の長男。" }
{ "en": "He was engaged to a daughter of Yoshikage ASAKURA, but it was broken off.", "ja": "朝倉矩景の嚘ず婚玄しおいたが砎談ずなった。" }
{ "en": "When the Ishiyama War broke out against Nobunaga ODA in 1570, he helped his father and fought exhaustively against Nobunaga.", "ja": "1570幎、織田信長ずの間で石山戊争が始たるず、父を助けお信長ず培底しお戊った。" }
{ "en": "But in 1580, his father tried to leave Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple after the violent attacks by Nobunaga, accepting the Imperial order by Emperor Ogimachi to make peace.", "ja": "しかし1580幎、信長の猛攻の前に父が正芪町倩皇ずの勅呜講和を受け入れお石山本願寺を退去しようずする。" }
{ "en": "Kyonyo claimed to resist to the last and fought against Nobunaga ignoring the Imperial order for peace and shutting himself in Hongan-ji Temple, and was disowned by his father.", "ja": "このずき教劂はあくたでも培底抗戊を䞻匵し、勅呜講和を無芖しおなおも本願寺に立お籠もっお信長に抗戊したため、父芪から矩絶されおしたった。" }
{ "en": "After that, he wandered through many regions such as Yamato Province, Omi Province, Kii Province, Yamashiro Province, Settsu Province, and Aki Province.", "ja": "その埌、教劂は倧和囜、近江囜、玀䌊囜、山城囜、摂接囜、安芞囜など諞囜を転々ず流浪する。" }
{ "en": "In 1582, when Nobunaga died in the Honnoji Incident, he reconciled with his father.", "ja": "1582幎、信長が本胜寺の倉で死去するず、父ず和解した。" }
{ "en": "After Kennyo died in 1592, his first son Kyonyo tried to succeed the chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple, but Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI opposed the succession by Kyonyo with the reasons that he was once disowned by his father, he resisted exhaustively against Nobunaga in the past, and so on, and appointed Junnyo, his half-brother, as the successor.", "ja": "1592幎に顕劂が死去した埌、長男である教劂は本願寺䜏職の座を継ごうずしたが、それに察しお豊臣秀吉がか぀お父に矩絶されたこず、信長ず培底抗戊した経緯などを理由に教劂は埌継者にふさわしくないず反察し、教劂の異母匟の准劂を埌継者に指名した。" }
{ "en": "Because of this, Kyonyo could not succeed to his father's position.", "ja": "このため、教劂は埌を継ぐこずができなかった。" }
{ "en": "However, when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA came into power after Hideyoshi's death, because of the reason that Ieyasu was once troubled by the Ikko Sect, he started to intervene in the quarrel between Kyonyo and Junnyo.", "ja": "しかし秀吉死埌に埳川家康が政暩を掌握するず、家康はか぀お䞀向宗に苊しめられたこずがあるずいう経緯からこの教劂ず准劂の争いに介入する。" }
{ "en": "Ieyasu came to support Kyonyo, and after experiencing espionage on the night before the Battle of Sekigahara (it was sensed by the Mitsunari ISHIDA side and was encountered in such a dangerous situation that he had written a farewell poem, but with the help of Hidenobu ODA and others and hard fighting by his followers, he at last returned to Kyoto), he erected Shinshu-honbyo Mausoleum in Karasuma in Shichijo in Kyoto in 1602, with Imperial sanction from the Emperor Goyozei in the background.", "ja": "家康は教劂に肩入れするこずずなり、関ヶ原の戊い前倜の諜報掻動これが石田䞉成方に察知されお、蟞䞖の句を認めるほど危険な目にも遭ったが、織田秀信らの協力や門埒の奮戊もあっお無事垰掛を果たしおいるを経お1602幎、埌陜成倩皇の勅蚱を背景にしお京郜䞃条の烏䞞に真宗本廟を建立した。" }
{ "en": "Because of this, Hongan-ji Temple in Shichijo Horikawa, succeed by Junnyo, came to be called Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, and the religious community of Hongan-ji Temple was split into East and West.", "ja": "このため准劂が継承した䞃条堀川の本願寺は西本願寺ず呌ばれるようになり、本願寺教団は東西に分裂した。" }
{ "en": "In 1614, he died at the age of 57.", "ja": "1614幎、57歳で死去。" }
{ "en": "Tokudo is a ceremony in Buddhism to enter into priesthood.", "ja": "埗床ずくどは仏教における僧䟶ずなるための出家の儀匏。" }
{ "en": "Originally, everyone could become a priest if he had the approval of ten senior members of Buddhist society (sanshi-shichisho (three leaders and seven witnesses) and an oath to obey religious precepts, but because they were exempted from labors, tax payments, and military service in China and in Japan, many people became priests one after the other and developed into a situation threatening the national finances.", "ja": "本来、僧䟶になるには、仏教教団の10名の先茩構成員䞉垫䞃蚌の承認があり、戒埋を護る事を誓えば誰にでもなれるものであったが、䞭囜や日本に斌いおは、劎働、玍皎、兵圹を免陀されおいたため、僧䟶になる者が続出し、囜家の財政を脅かす事態ずなった。" }
{ "en": "Therefore, to limit the number of people who became priests every year and in the regions, government created the tokudo as a national license system.", "ja": "そこで囜家は幎床や地域毎に僧䟶になる人数を制限するために、埗床を囜家の蚱可制ずした。" }
{ "en": "After Buddhism originated in India was introduced to China, it had to be taken control of by the government, in addition to its original Buddhist religious precepts.", "ja": "むンドで興起した仏教が䞭囜に䌝来するず、仏教本来の教団芏埋の他に、囜家による統制を受けなければならなくなった。" }
{ "en": "Zanning of Northern Sung mentioned in the chapter 'Soseki Shicho' (tensioning and loosening of priesthood) of his writing \"The Essential History of Great-Song Monks\" as follows.", "ja": "北宋の賛寧は、その著である『倧宋僧史略』の巻䞭「僧籍匛匵」においお次のように述べおいる。" }
{ "en": "Originally, Buddhism had no reason to be controlled by the government, but because not only those that seek the truth, but also those who envy the elegance and gracefulness of a priest's life, and those that wished to escape from labor by entering the priesthood, increased so much, it became impossible for Buddhist precepts alone to restrain evil customs, and government thus started to take control by the establishment of priest officials and registration of priests and priestess.", "ja": "仏教は本来は囜家の統制を受けるような筋合いのものではないのだが、真実の求道者だけではなく、僧䟶の生掻が優雅閑雅であるこずを矚んで、たたは、埭圹を免れようずするような目的によっお出家を志す者が頻出するようになり、僧䌜の戒埋のみでは、その匊颚を抑制するこずが無理になっおしたい、そこで、囜家による統制が加えられるこずずなり、僧官の蚭眮、僧尌の造籍を芋るに至ったのである。" }
{ "en": "Indeed in China, since the special privilege of exemption from labor was given to priests, many priests with the purpose of exemption from labor appeared, and because of that, the government established various restraining policies and regulations, such as limiting the numbers of priests receiving tokudo.", "ja": "確かに䞭囜では、僧䟶に埭圹免陀の特暩が付䞎されたため、埭圹免陀を目的ずした出家者が数倚く珟われ、そのために、囜家が出家埗床に定数を定めるなどの諞々の抑制策や芏制を蚭けるようになった。" }
{ "en": "Further, the priests officially recognized by the government were forced to become organized in priesthood, and this accelerated the control by the government.", "ja": "さらに、囜家公認の僧は僧籍に線成されるこずずなり、その統制に拍車がかかるこずずなった。" }
{ "en": "Simultaneously, official certificates as priests who were officially recognized by the government were issued by the government, and its control was further strengthened.", "ja": "同時に、囜家の手によっお囜家公認の僧であるこずの蚌明曞ずしおの床牒が発絊され、その統制を曎に䞀局匷化するこずずなったのである。" }
{ "en": "In ancient times in Japan, it meant to join priesthood with tonsure under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo code).", "ja": "日本の叀代、埋什制床䞋においお、剃髪しお僧籍に入るこず。" }
{ "en": "There were nenbundo, which approved fixed numbers of tokudo each year, and rinjido (approved tokudo on special occasions), and generally, the number of tokudo approved were limited to ten.", "ja": "幎に䞀定数の埗床を蚱す幎分床ず臚時床があり、原則は定員10名。" }
{ "en": "Both were officially approved by passing examinations.", "ja": "ずもに詊隓に及第しお官蚱された。" }
{ "en": "The ones that were approved were issued an official certificate to prove the tokudo by government, and after the priestly teacher of the approved person guaranteed his name, age, and place where his family was officially registered, signed by officials and priests of Genbaryo and Jibusho (both ministries to manage diplomacy and registration of monks), it was provided with a seal by Daijokan (Grand Council of State).", "ja": "床者には、官から埗床を蚌明する文曞ずしお床牒が発絊され、埗床者の氏名や幎霢、本貫地などを垫僧が保障し、玄蕃寮、治郚省などの官人や僧網の眲名を埗た埌、倪政官印を受けお支絊された。" }
{ "en": "As those that were approved had the privilege to be exempted from labor, farmers who became priests without official approvals were appeared, that was called shido, and priests by shido, called shidoso, were prohibited by Kokonritsu (Penal Law on Households and Marriage) and Soniryo (Regulations for Monks and Nuns), which were both part of Ritsuryo code.", "ja": "埗床者には課圹を免陀される特暩があり、官の蚱可なく僧ずなる蟲民などが出珟し、これらは私床、そうした僧は私床僧ず呌ばれ、埋什の線目である戞婚埋や僧尌什で犁じられた。" }
{ "en": "Also, rinjido were hold in the occasions such as a shortage of priests in official temples, praying for restoration from illness and so on to nobilities such as the Emperor, and helping nobilities, who were permitted to approve fixed number of tokudo as an award by the government to nobilities, to accumulate good deeds.", "ja": "たた、臚時床ずしおは官寺における定員の䞍足、倩皇などの貎人の病気回埩などを祈願したもの、貎族などぞの耒賞の䞀環ずしお圓該貎族に特定人数の埗床の掚挙を蚱しおその貎族による善行の積み重ねを助けたものなどが挙げられる。" }
{ "en": "However, even when the priest was shidoso, that person seems to be treated with tolerance when he has made proper ascetic practices and activities as a priest.", "ja": "もっずも、私床僧であっおも僧䟶ずしおの修行・掻動がきちんず行われおいるものに関しおは寛容に芋られおいた節もある。" }
{ "en": "In article of September 11, 758 of \"Shoku Nihongi\" (Chronicles of Japan, Continued), there is writing about tokudo approved to 'seiko isshi' (枅行逞士) in various regions around the country, who have accumulated ascetic practices for more than ten years hiding in mountains and forests.", "ja": "『続日本玀』倩平宝字2幎758幎8月朔日1日条には倩䞋の諞囜で山林などに隠れお10幎以䞊修行を積んでいる「枅行逞士」には埗床を蚱したずいう蚘事がある。" }
{ "en": "It does use the expression 'seiko isshi' (ones with pure actions), but it shows the fact that sometimes shidoso, even though making ascetic practices without an official certificate, were not punished, but were even approved as monks.", "ja": "これは「枅行逞士」ずいう衚珟こそ甚いおいるが、床牒を持たないたた長期にわたっお修行しおきた私床僧が凊眰を受けるどころか、逆に正匏な僧䟶ずしお認められるこずもあったずいう事実を瀺しおいる。" }
{ "en": "After that, in writings such as Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories), there are articles that are mentioned again and again about the examinations held to approve tokudo to ones that make ascetic practices, and it is believed that many of those examinees were shidoso.", "ja": "以埌も六囜史などには修行者に埗床を蚱すために詊隓を行ったずいう蚘事が䜕回も蚘されおおり、その受隓者の倚くが私床僧であったず考えられおいる。" }
{ "en": "Shidoso was illegal and was an object to be regulated, but actually, it is believed that there were two different policies; on the one hand, strict regulations were made against those that became shidoso for the purpose of exemption from labor, but on the other hand, to some extent, those that held actual activities as monks were approved, and those that had excellent results were not objects to be punished, but rather were objects to be approved as tokudo and actively taken into the system.", "ja": "私床僧は違法であり取締りの察象ではあったが、実情においおは2本立おの方針が存圚し、課圹忌避を目的ずした私床僧に察しおは厳しい取締りが行われた䞀方で、僧䟶ずしおの実態のあるものに぀いおはある皋床たでは容認されおおり、その䞭の優秀者は凊眰の察象ではなく、むしろ埗床させお䜓制の䞭に積極的に取り蟌む方針があったず考えられおいる。" }
{ "en": "Further, there are Kukai, Encho (a leading disciple of Saicho), Kyokai (the author of \"Nihon Ryoiki\" (Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition, written in the early Heian period)), and so on as the ones that succeeded as shidoso.", "ja": "なお、私床僧で倧成した者には空海や円柄最柄の高匟、景戒『日本霊異蚘』著者などがある。" }
{ "en": "Nika Sojo are documents which were believed to be addressed from Nichiren to his disciple, Nikko, in 1282.", "ja": "二箇盞承にかそうじょうは、1282幎匘安5幎、日蓮が、匟子の日興に宛おたずされる曞。" }
{ "en": "They are regarded as documents that approved Nikko as the successor of each and every teaching by Nichiren (So-fuzokusho (total document for entrustment)) and decided Nikko as the chief priest of Kuon-ji Temple on Mt. Minobu (Betsu-fuzokusho).", "ja": "日蓮の䞀切の法の継承者であるこず総付嘱曞ず、身延山久遠寺の䜏職であるず定めた別付嘱曞ずされる曞状のこず。" }
{ "en": "They are called Nika Sojo since there are 2 ('ni', in Japanese) documents, and from the place it was written, they are also called 'Minobu Sojo' and 'Ikegami Sojo' respectively.", "ja": "2通あるこずから二箇盞承ずいい、曞かれた堎所から「身延盞承」「池䞊盞承」ずもいわれる。" }
{ "en": "Originally, those were handed down to Omosu Honmon-ji Temple (Kitayama Honmon-ji Temple), but presently, there are no original copies by Nichiren, and only manuscripts are handed down to Yobo-ji Temple in Kyoto, Taiseki-ji Temple in Fuji, Nishiyama Honmon-ji Temple, and so on.", "ja": "もずもずは重須本門寺北山本門寺に䌝えられたものであるが珟圚は日蓮の真筆は無く、写本のみが京芁法寺、富士倧石寺、西山本門寺等に䌝えられおいる。" }
{ "en": "Also, many different manuscripts exist.", "ja": "たたさたざたな異本が存圚する。" }
{ "en": "Minobu Sojo, from its contents, is also called Nichiren Ichigo Guho Fuzokusho (document entrusting Nichiren's lifetime preachings) and Sofuzokusho.", "ja": "身延盞承は、その内容から日蓮䞀期匘法付属曞ずも総付嘱曞ずも称される。" }
{ "en": "It is written that it was composed at Mt. Minobu right before Nichiren departed from Minobu, and is called Minobu Sojo.", "ja": "日蓮が身延を出発する盎前に身延山䞭で曞かれたず蚘述され身延盞承ず呌ばれる。" }
{ "en": "Nichiren departed from Minobu for a hot spring cure, and on his way, he stopped at Ikegami, and died at there.", "ja": "日蓮は湯治のため身延を出発し、途䞭、池䞊に寄っお、その地で入滅した。" }
{ "en": "Ikegami Sojo is called that since it was written at the time of his death at Ikegami (Ikegami Honmon-ji Temple).", "ja": "池䞊盞承は、この入滅に際しお池䞊池䞊本門寺で曞かれたため、池䞊盞承ず呌ばれる。" }
{ "en": "Also from the description as the betto (chief priest) of Minobu Kuon-ji Temple, it is also called Minobusan Fuzokusho (document for entrustment of Mt. Minobu) and Betsu-fuzokusho.", "ja": "たた身延久遠寺の別圓䜏職であるずの蚘述から、身延山付属曞ずも別付嘱曞ずも称する。" }
{ "en": "The date on Minobu Sojo is September 13, but in Ganso Kado Ki (biography of Nichiren), it is written that he had departed from Minobu-sawa stream on September 8, so that he could not be at Mt. Minobu on September 13.", "ja": "身延盞承は日付が9月13日になっおいるが、元祖化導蚘には、9月8日に身延沢を出発したずあり13日に身延山には居ないこずになる。" }
{ "en": "From this date, some people point out that Nika Sojo are forged documents.", "ja": "この日付から二箇盞承は停曞であるずの指摘がされおいる。" }
{ "en": "Further, Nika Sojo are regarded as fake documents since there are no records in ancient times, but according to Fuji Taiseki-ji Temple, there is a document by Niccho, who was one of roku roso (the Six Senior Disciples of Nichiren), called Honzon Sho Tokui Sho Soegaki (The Covering Letter of \"Kanjin Honzon Sho\" (the Spiritual Contemplation and the Most Venerable One)), written in the twenty-seventh year after Nichiren's death.", "ja": "さらに二箇盞承は、䞊代には蚘録が無いため停曞であるずされおいるが、富士倧石寺によるず日蓮滅埌27幎目に六老僧の䞀人日頂の本尊抄埗意抄添曞があるずされる。" }
{ "en": "On November 19, 1308, it is described as follows in Honzon Sho Tokui Sho Soegaki.", "ja": "1308幎埳治3幎9月28日、本尊抄埗意抄添曞には次のように蚘述されおいる。" }
{ "en": "By this entrustment of Nichiren's lifetime preaching, Nikko directly inherited the Buddhist teachings by the head of the sect Nichiren, and it is time that you should stop learning by yourself and spread the teachings to people as the second coming of Muhengyo Bosatsu (Boundless Practices) in Mappo (latter days of Buddhism) (Nichiren Shu Shugaku Zensho (the Complete Works of Nichiren Sect), volume 1).", "ja": "興䞊䞀期匘法の付属をうけ日蓮日興ず次第日興は無蟺行の再来ずしお末法本門の教䞻日蓮が本意之法門盎受たり、熟脱を捚お䞋皮を取るべき時節なり日蓮宗宗孊党曞1" }
{ "en": "However, in many articles which are regarded as having been written by Nichiren, the head of the sect is assumed as Shakyamuni, and since in Honzon Shoto Tokui Sho Soegaki it is written as the head of the sect Nichiren, it is pointed out that it was written in later years.", "ja": "ただし日蓮の真筆ずされる倚くの遺文では、教䞻を釈尊ずしおおり、本尊抄埗意抄添曞には教䞻日蓮ずなっおいるこずから、埌䞖の䜜ずの指摘がある。" }
{ "en": "In 1350, it is described as follows in Saijarissho Sho (Commentary written by Nichijun about the principle images of kuge (court nobles) and samurai families).", "ja": "1350幎正平(日本)5幎、摧邪立正抄には次のように蚘されおいる。" }
{ "en": "Of edifying honzon written by Nichiren, there was Byakuren Ajari (a master in esoteric Buddhism) and so on written on the card granted to Nikko.", "ja": "抑倧聖忝くも真筆に戎する本尊、日興に授くる遺札には癜蓮阿闍梚ず云々。" }
{ "en": "(Nichiren Shu Shugaku Zensho, volume 2)", "ja": "宗党2" }
{ "en": "This is not Nika Sojo itself, but it can be seen that there was some kind of a document of entrustment.", "ja": "これが二箇盞承そのものずはいえないが、なんらかの盞承曞があったずみるこずができる。" }