translation
translation |
|---|
{
"en": "He was active throughout the nation, spreading Buddhism centered on Buddha and Shakyamuni, which was advocated by Nichiren Shonin, as well as the joy of belief that gives courage and mercy in life.",
"ja": "日蓮聖人の唱える本仏・釈尊中心の仏教と、人生に勇気と慈悲を持って歩む信仰の感激を全国に展開し活躍す。"
}
|
{
"en": "He died in 1931 at the age of 65.",
"ja": "昭和6年、65歳寂。"
}
|
{
"en": "History",
"ja": "沿革"
}
|
{
"en": "Nichiju established Myoman-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) in 1389.",
"ja": "1389年（嘉慶(日本)3年）に日什は妙満寺（京都府）を建立する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1608, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA ordered Nikkei of Myoman-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) and Kakuzan of Jodo Sect to hold a doctrinal debate (Keicho shuron) at Edo-jo Castle and Nikkei was punished by having his ears and nose cut off.",
"ja": "1608年（慶長13年）に徳川家康は妙満寺（京都府）日経と浄土宗の廓山を江戸城にて宗論（慶長宗論）させ、日経は耳と鼻を削がれ酷刑となる。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1872, the Nichijumon School became associated with other schools in the Nichiren Sect according to the system of one superintendent priest for one sect.",
"ja": "1872年（明治5年）に一宗一管長制により、日什門流は日蓮門下の諸門流と連合する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1874, the Nichijumon School became affiliated with the Shoretsu School of the Nichiren Sect.",
"ja": "1874年（明治7年）に日什門流は日蓮宗勝劣派に属する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1876, Nichijumon School officially named itself Myoman-ji School while nominating its own superintendent priest and the Shoretsu School of the Nichiren Sect was dissolved.",
"ja": "1876年（明治9年）に管長設置により、日什門流は妙満寺派と公称し、日蓮宗勝劣派は解体する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1898, Myoman-ji School officially renamed itself Kenpon Hokke Sect.",
"ja": "1898年（明治31年）に妙満寺派は顕本法華宗と公称する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1941, Kenpon Hokke Sect, Honmon Sect and Nichiren Sect consolidated in accordance with the Religious Corporation Act and the new sect officially named itself Nichiren Sect.",
"ja": "1941年（昭和16年）に宗教団体法により、顕本法華宗と本門宗と日蓮宗が合同し、日蓮宗と公称する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1947, out of about 380 temples belonging to the Nichijumon School, about 200 temples including Myoman-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) became independent from the Nichiren Sect again and officially named themselves Kenpon Hokke Sect.",
"ja": "1947年（昭和22年)、日什門流の約380ヶ寺のうち、妙満寺（京都府）をはじめとする約200ヶ寺が日蓮宗から再独立、顕本法華宗と公称する。"
}
|
{
"en": "Another 180 temples of the Nichijumon School remained in the Nichiren Sect.",
"ja": "日什門流の180ヶ寺は日蓮宗に残留。"
}
|
{
"en": "Head temples and Kazusa ten temples belong to each sect as shown below.",
"ja": "現在の本山、上総十ヶ寺（七里法華）の所属状況は以下の通り。"
}
|
{
"en": "Kenpon Hokke Sect : The main temple Myoman-ji Temple, the head temple Aizu Myoho-ji Temple, the head temple Shinagawa Tenmyokoku-ji Temple, the head temple Kyoto Jakko-ji Temple, Kazusa ten temples including Toke Zensho-ji Temple, Toke Honju-ji Temple, Honno Renpuku-ji Temple, Togane Honzen-ji Temple, Kitanokoya Myotoku-ji Temple and Matsunogo Honsho-ji Temple.",
"ja": "顕本法華宗：大本山妙満寺、本山会津妙法寺、本山品川天妙國寺、本山京都寂光寺、上総十ヶ寺＝土気善勝寺、土気本壽寺、本納蓮福寺、東金本漸寺、北之幸谷妙徳寺、松之郷本松寺。"
}
|
{
"en": "Nichiren Sect : The main temple Aizu Tenmyokoku-ji Temple, the main temple Iida Honko-ji Temple, the main temple Mitsuke Genmyo-ji Temple, the main temple Yoshimi Myoritsu-ji Temple, Kazusa ten temples including Oami Rensho-ji Temple and Miyatanidanrin Honkoku-ji Temple.",
"ja": "日蓮宗：本山会津妙國寺、本山飯田本興寺、本山見附玄妙寺、本山吉美妙立寺、上総十ヶ寺＝大網蓮照寺、宮谷壇林本國寺。"
}
|
{
"en": "Independent : The head temple Shinagawa Honko-ji Temple, Kazusa ten temples including Togane Saifuku-ji Temple and Tanaka Hoko-ji Temple.",
"ja": "単立：本山品川本光寺、上総十ヶ寺＝東金最福寺、田中法光寺。"
}
|
{
"en": "Currently, Nichigen NAKAMURA is the three hundred and fifth chief abbot of Myoman-ji Temple.",
"ja": "妙満寺貫首は305世中村日玄貫首。"
}
|
{
"en": "Mongaku (1139 - September 5, 1203) was a priest of the Shingon Sect of Buddhism who lived from the Heian period to the early Kamakura period.",
"ja": "文覚（もんがく、保延5年（1139年）-建仁3年7月21日(旧暦)（1203年8月29日））は平安時代から鎌倉時代初期にかけての真言宗の僧。"
}
|
{
"en": "He had several disciples, including Jokaku and Myokei.",
"ja": "弟子には上覚、明恵らがいる。"
}
|
{
"en": "His secular name was Morito ENDO.",
"ja": "俗名は遠藤盛遠（えんどうもりとお）。"
}
|
{
"en": "Being originally a samurai belonging to the Watanabe party in Settsu Province, which was under the umbrella of Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), he served Imperial Princess Muneko (Josaimonin), a daughter of Emperor Toba, as a Hokumen samurai (samurai on guard at the ex-emperor's palace).",
"ja": "元は摂津源氏傘下の摂津国渡辺党の武士であり、鳥羽天皇の皇女統子内親王（上西門院）に仕えていた北面の武士だった。"
}
|
{
"en": "He is said to have loved Kesa Gozen, the wife of Wataru WATANABE, who was his male cousin and worked together with him, killed her by mistake, and consequently become a priest.",
"ja": "従兄弟で同僚の渡辺渡（わたなべわたる）の妻、袈裟御前に横恋慕し、誤って殺してしまったことから出家したという。"
}
|
{
"en": "(Based on this incident, the nagauta (ballad sung to samisen accompaniment, sometimes with other instruments) \"Toba no Koizuka\" (tomb of the lover in Toba) was created in the Meiji period.)",
"ja": "（この事件を元にして明治期に長唄『鳥羽の恋塚』が作られた。）"
}
|
{
"en": "Wishing to revive Jingo-ji Temple, where priests were absolutely corrupt, Mongaku presented a direct petition to Emperor Goshirakawa, which resulted in Mongaku being exiled to Izu Province, which was the feudal domain of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), the head of the Watanabe party.",
"ja": "荒廃しきっていた神護寺を再興するため後白河天皇に強訴したため、渡辺党の棟梁の摂津源氏の源頼政の知行国であった伊豆国に配流された。"
}
|
{
"en": "Mongaku persuaded MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who was also exiled to Izu Province, to take up arms against the Taira family.",
"ja": "そこで同じく配流の身だった源頼朝に平家打倒の挙兵を促す。"
}
|
{
"en": "Thereafter, he restored temples in various places under the patronage of Yoritomo and the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.",
"ja": "その後、頼朝や後白河法皇の庇護を受けて各地の寺院を修復した。"
}
|
{
"en": "After Yoritomo's death, however, Mongaku got on the wrong side of Emperor Gotoba, and was then exiled to Sado Province and died there.",
"ja": "頼朝が死去すると後鳥羽天皇に疎まれて佐渡国へ流罪となり客死した。"
}
|
{
"en": "\"Jigokumon\" (Gates of Hell), a film directed by Teinosuke KINUGASA that won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival, depicts a drama where Morito ENDO (whose role was played by Kazuo HASEGAWA) loved Kesa Gozen (whose role was played by Machiko KYO), the wife of Wataru WATANABE (whose role was played by Isao YAMAGATA), and consequently became a priest.",
"ja": "カンヌ国際映画祭でグランプリを受賞した『地獄門』（監督・衣笠貞之助）は、長谷川一夫が遠藤盛遠に扮し、渡辺渡（山形勲）の妻の袈裟御前（京マチ子）に横恋慕し、出家にいたるドラマを描いている。"
}
|
{
"en": "\"Hinotori (the Phoenix): Turbulent Times\" (cartoon) by Osamu TEZUKA depicts Morito ENDO and Mongaku as different persons.",
"ja": "手塚治虫の「火の鳥(漫画)乱世編」には遠藤盛遠と文覚が別人として両方登場する。"
}
|
{
"en": "Nichiren Hon Sect, whose sect founder was Nichiren and school founder was Nisson of Fujimon School, is a school that inherits Nichiren's teachings.",
"ja": "日蓮本宗（にちれんほんしゅう）は、日蓮を宗祖とし、富士門流の日尊を派祖とする、日蓮門下の一派である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Yoho-ji Temple, its head temple, is one of the Komon eight head temples.",
"ja": "本山要法寺は興門八本山の一つ。"
}
|
{
"en": "Sect Founder",
"ja": "宗祖"
}
|
{
"en": "Nichiren",
"ja": "日蓮"
}
|
{
"en": "Second Grogenitor Nikko",
"ja": "二祖日興"
}
|
{
"en": "Third Grogenitor Nichimoku",
"ja": "三祖日目"
}
|
{
"en": "School Founder",
"ja": "派祖"
}
|
{
"en": "Nisso is the fourth progenitor.",
"ja": "日尊は第4代である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Head Temple",
"ja": "本山"
}
|
{
"en": "Yoho-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture)",
"ja": "要法寺（京都府）"
}
|
{
"en": "Summary",
"ja": "概要"
}
|
{
"en": "With succeeding Nikko's dharma, this school divides the basis of Hoke-kyo Sutra (Lotus Sutra) into Hon-Jaku (Honmon and Shakumon, a theory of the Fundamental Aspect (Honmon) and the Manifestation Doctrine (Shakumon) of the Lotus Sutra in Nichiren Buddhism) and decides mastery for each.",
"ja": "日興の法脈を継承し、所依の法華経を本迹に二分し、それぞれに勝劣をたてる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Although it was once forced to adopt the philosophy of Icchi School and Zobutsu School by Kansei no honan (the religious persecution in Kansei era), it is, at present, a school of Fujimon School whose principal image of Buddha is mandala.",
"ja": "〔寛政の法難〕によって、一致派、像仏派の思想を強要されたが、現在は曼荼羅を本尊とする富士門流の一派である。"
}
|
{
"en": "History",
"ja": "沿革"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1339, Nisson established Jogyoin Temple (Kyoto Prefecture).",
"ja": "1339年（暦応2年）に日尊は上行院（京都府）を建立する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1550, Nisshin merged Jogyoin Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) with Juhon-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) and renamed it Yoho-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture).",
"ja": "1550年（天文(元号)19年）に日辰は上行院（京都府）と住本寺（京都府）を合併し、要法寺（京都府）と改称する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1872, Nissonmon School was associated with other schools that inherit Nichiren's Teaching in accordance with the system of one superintendent priest for one sect.",
"ja": "1872年（明治5年）に一宗一管長制により、日尊門流は日蓮門下の諸門流と連合する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1874, Nissonmon School became affiliated with the Shoretsu School of Nichiren Sect, which was an integrated religious order of the Shoretsu School.",
"ja": "1874年（明治7年）に日尊門流は、勝劣派の統一教団である日蓮宗勝劣派に属する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1876, as the Shoretsu School of Nichiren Sect was dissolved into each school, Nissonmon School organized an integrated religious order together with other head temples and their branch temples of Fujimon School, nominated its own superintendent priest and officially named itself the Komon School of Nichiren Sect (Komon School).",
"ja": "1876年（明治9年）日蓮宗勝劣派は門流ごとに解体、日尊門流は富士門流の他の本山末寺とともに統一教団を結成、管長を設置し、日蓮宗興門派（興門派）と公称する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1899, Komon School was renamed Honmon Sect.",
"ja": "1899年（明治32年）に興門派は本門宗と改称する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1941, Honmon Sect merged with the Shoretsu School of Kenpon Hokke Sect and Icchi School of Nichiren Sect in accordance with the Religious Corporation Act and officially named themselves Nichiren Sect.",
"ja": "1941年（昭和16年）に宗教団体法により、本門宗は、勝劣派の顕本法華宗、一致派の日蓮宗とともに三派合同を行い、日蓮宗と公称する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1950 when Nichijo ADACHI was the chief abbot, Yoho-ji temple and 50 of its branch temples became independent from Nichiren Sect (some of the branch temples remained in Nichiren Sect and became members of Shimane Sonmonkai (島根尊門会) of Koto Hoenkai (興統法縁会) and since then, they have been officially calling themselves Nichiren Hon Sect up to the present time.",
"ja": "1950年（昭和25年）足立日城貫首代に要法寺（京都府）と末寺50ヶ寺は日蓮宗から独立し（末寺の一部は日蓮宗に残存し興統法縁会島根尊門会の一員となる）、日蓮本宗と公称して現在に至る。"
}
|
{
"en": "The term earthen image means images of which the material is clay.",
"ja": "塑像（そぞう）は、粘土を素材とした像。"
}
|
{
"en": "Unlike terra cotta, a firing process is not involved in producing them.",
"ja": "テラコッタと異なり、焼成を行わない。"
}
|
{
"en": "Earthen images were introduced from Tang into Japan in the early Nara period and many images were produced in the late Nara period.",
"ja": "日本には奈良時代前期に唐から伝来し、奈良時代後期に盛行した。"
}
|
{
"en": "The producing process employed winding straw ropes around wooden mandrel, heaping up coarse-grained barren soil followed by fine-particle finishing soil and molding by a pallet or the fingers.",
"ja": "心木に藁縄などを巻きつけ、粒子の荒い荒土から、細かい仕上げ土へと順次盛り上げ、箆（へら）や指で造型する。"
}
|
{
"en": "The seated statue of Miroku Buddha, which is the principal image of Buddha at Kondo (main hall) of Taima-dera Temple in Nara, was produced in the late 7th century and is believed to be the oldest earthen image in Japan.",
"ja": "奈良県当麻寺金堂本尊の弥勒仏坐像は7世紀後半にさかのぼる作で、日本最古の塑像と言われている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Most of the earthen images were produced in the Nara period and few were produced in Heian period or later (mainly after 9th century) when wood carvings became the mainstream in sculpture society.",
"ja": "日本では、塑像の作例は奈良時代に集中しており、木彫が彫刻界の主流となった平安時代以降（おおむね9世紀以降）の塑像の作例はまれである。"
}
|
{
"en": "Well-known products, especially those designated as national treasures, are as follows.",
"ja": "以下に国宝指定物件を中心に著名な作例を挙げる。"
}
|
{
"en": "The seated statue of Miroku Buddha (Maitreya) at Kondo of Taima-dera Temple (Nara Prefecture)",
"ja": "当麻寺金堂（奈良県）弥勒仏坐像"
}
|
{
"en": "The seated statue of Nyoirin Kannon (the Bodhisattva of Compassion) enshrined at Ryugai-ji Temple (Nara Prefecture) - its height is 4.6 m and it is the tallest earthen image in Japan",
"ja": "龍蓋寺（奈良県）如意輪観音坐像-像高4.6ｍの日本最大の塑像"
}
|
{
"en": "A group of earthen images enshrined in the first layer of Gojuno-to (five-storey pagoda) of Horyu-ji Temple (Nara Prefecture)",
"ja": "法隆寺（奈良県）五重塔初層安置塑像群"
}
|
{
"en": "The standing statue of Kongo Rikishi (the guardian gods at a temple gate) enshrined at Chumon (inner gate) of Horyu-ji Temple",
"ja": "法隆寺中門 金剛力士立像"
}
|
{
"en": "The standing statue of Shitenno (the Four Devas) and the standing statue of Bonten (Brahma-Deva) and Taishakuten (Sakra devanam Indra) that were once enshrined at Jikido (dining hall) of Horyu-ji Temple",
"ja": "法隆寺食堂（じきどう）旧安置 四天王立像、梵天・帝釈天立像"
}
|
{
"en": "The standing statue of Junishinsho (the twelve protective deities) enshrined at Shinyakushi-ji Temple (Nara Prefecture)",
"ja": "新薬師寺（奈良市）十二神将立像"
}
|
{
"en": "The standing statue of Shukongoshin (vajra-wielding gods), the standing statue of Nikko Bosatsu (Nikko Bosatsu (Bodhisattva of Sunlight)) and Gakko Bosatsu (Gakko Bosatsu (Bodhisattva of Moonlight)) and the standing statue of Benzaiten (Sarasvati, Buddhist goddess of music, learning, eloquence, wealth, longevity, and protection from natural disasters) and Kisshoten (Laksmi) that are enshrined at Hokkedo (Sangatsudo) of Todai-ji Temple",
"ja": "東大寺法華堂（三月堂）（奈良市）執金剛神立像、日光菩薩像・月光菩薩立像、弁才天・吉祥天立像"
}
|
{
"en": "The standing statue of Shitenno enshrined at Kaidanin of Todai-ji Temple.",
"ja": "東大寺戒壇院四天王立像"
}
|
{
"en": "The incomplete remains of the statue of Three Buddha enshrined at Tenpuku-ji Temple (Usa City)",
"ja": "天福寺(宇佐市)（宇佐市）三尊像残欠"
}
|
{
"en": "The seated statue of Dosen-Risshi (Buddhist priest) enshrined at Yumedono of Horyu-ji Temple",
"ja": "法隆寺夢殿 道詮律師坐像"
}
|
{
"en": "The seated statue of Miroku Buddha enshrined at Koryu-ji Temple (Kyoto City)",
"ja": "広隆寺（京都市）弥勒仏坐像"
}
|
{
"en": "The site of the abolished Saino-ji Temple (Kotoura-cho Town)",
"ja": "斎尾廃寺跡（琴浦町）"
}
|
{
"en": "The site of the abolished Kamiyodo-ji Temple (Yonago City)",
"ja": "上淀廃寺跡（米子市）"
}
|
{
"en": "The site of the abolished Sanno-ji Temple (Maebashi City)",
"ja": "山王廃寺跡（前橋市）"
}
|
{
"en": "Buddhist altar fittings are defined as special tools or accessories which are used by clergymen, such as Buddhist monks, on the occasion of Buddhist rituals and they are different from daily necessities.",
"ja": "仏具（ぶつぐ）は、仏教の儀式で使用される日用品とは異なる特殊な道具、或いは僧侶などの聖職者が使用する装飾品の事である。"
}
|
{
"en": "They are also called ritual implements or ritual apparatus.",
"ja": "法具、法器とも言う。"
}
|
{
"en": "According to Buddhist precepts, monks were originally prohibited to own money and other articles other than sanne-ippatsu (three robes and one begging bowl), which were deemed as the minimum required clothes and eating utensil.",
"ja": "仏教では本来、僧侶は、最低限の着物と食器である三衣一鉢以外の金品の所有を戒律で禁じられていた。"
}
|
{
"en": "After 100 years had passed after the death of Shaka, however, monks were divided into two groups (fundamental schism), a group which requested permitting the ownership of minimum money and daily necessities that were donated by believers, and a conservative group which stuck to Buddhist precepts, and monks belonging to the former group were allowed to own money and other articles other than sanne-ippatsu.",
"ja": "しかし、釈迦の死後100年が経過すると、信者から寄付された最低限の金銭や日用品の個人所有の許可を求める一派と、戒律を遵守する保守派に教団が分裂し（根本分裂）、許可派では僧侶の三衣一鉢以外の金品の個人所有が認められるようになった。"
}
|
{
"en": "With Buddhism introduced into the western regions of China as well as China after A.D, Buddhist monks began presiding over rituals such as prayers and funerals among people and tools which were used in such rituals were developed.",
"ja": "紀元を過ぎて、西域や中国にも仏教が伝播するようになると、僧侶は人々の間で祈祷や葬式などの儀式を司るようになり、それに応じて儀式で使用される道具が開発された。"
}
|
{
"en": "With Esoteric Buddhism, which had been prevalent in India, introduced into China and Tibet in the 7th century, special Buddhist altar fittings such as Vajra and mandala came into use.",
"ja": "更に7世紀になると、インドで広まった密教が中国やチベットに導入され、金剛杵や曼荼羅など、特殊な仏具が使用されるようになった。"
}
|
{
"en": "Further, as Jodo-kyo (Pure Land teachings), which had originated in China, helped the explosive diffusion of Buddhism among ordinary people, and ordinary lay believers began worshipping Buddha directly by themselves rather than through Buddhist monks and as a result, Buddhist altar fittings such as Juzu (beads) and Buddhist pictures were brought into use by lay believers at their home.",
"ja": "また、中国で成立した浄土教は仏教を爆発的に民衆の間に広め、僧侶を介しての仏への信仰から個々の信者自身が直接仏へ信仰する形態が一般社会に定着し、数珠や仏画などの仏具を僧侶ではない普通の信者が家庭で使用するようになった。"
}
|
{
"en": "Currently, there exist several centers for the production of family Buddhist altars and Buddhist altar fittings, including Kyo-butsugu (Buddhist altar fittings produced in Kyoto) which are designated as national traditional industrial arts.",
"ja": "なお、国の伝統工芸品に指定されている京仏具をはじめとして各地に仏壇、仏具の産地がある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Principal image of Buddha (Buddhist image, Buddhist picture, mandala)",
"ja": "本尊（仏像、仏画、曼荼羅）"
}
|
{
"en": "A family Buddhist alter (zushi (miniature shrine in a temple))",
"ja": "仏壇（厨子）"
}
|
{
"en": "San gusoku (three elements of the alter) (or Itsugusoku (five elements of the alter))",
"ja": "三具足（五具足）"
}
|
{
"en": "Candle",
"ja": "蝋燭"
}
|
{
"en": "Incense burner",
"ja": "香炉"
}
|
{
"en": "Kogo (incense container)",
"ja": "香盒（香合）"
}
|
{
"en": "Bell",
"ja": "鈴"
}
|
{
"en": "Rindai (bell stand)",
"ja": "りん台"
}
|
{
"en": "Plectrum (rinbo)",
"ja": "撥（りん棒）"
}
|
{
"en": "Sutra table",
"ja": "経机"
}
|
{
"en": "Scriptures and Buddhist religious service compilation",
"ja": "経典・勤行集"
}
|
{
"en": "Food Offering Bowl for the home altar",
"ja": "仏飯器"
}
|
{
"en": "Tables : sutra table, upper table, front table",
"ja": "机類(卓類)経机・上卓・前卓など"
}
|
{
"en": "Rinto (Buddhist hanging lanterns)",
"ja": "輪灯"
}
|
{
"en": "Lantern",
"ja": "灯籠"
}
|
{
"en": "Uchishiki (Buddhist altar cloth)",
"ja": "打敷"
}
|
{
"en": "vase",
"ja": "華瓶"
}
|
{
"en": "Ihai (Buddhist mortuary tablet)",
"ja": "位牌"
}
|
{
"en": "Homyo jiku (homyo (posthumous Buddhist name) hanging scroll)",
"ja": "法名軸"
}
|
{
"en": "Kakocho (family register of deaths)",
"ja": "過去帳"
}
|
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