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http://equimed.com/diseases-and-conditions/articles/diagnosing-equine-disease | Home diseases and conditions articles Diagnosing Equine Disease EquiMed Staff - 01 / 20 / 2014 Diseases And Conditions Diagnosing Equine Disease Diagnosis of equine disease - skill , art and partnership Being in the know The responsible owner or handler works in partnership with the veterinarian by developing a range of knowledge and skills . There ' s good reason for the many hours of education , lab and research work and internship required to become a veterinarian . To begin with , imagine the complexity of working with patients that do not communicate verbally . In addition , diagnosing and treating equine diseases and conditions is a complex undertaking involving both skill and art as the veterinarian works to understand the animal involved and make use of available medical resources . The responsible owner or handler works in partnership with the veterinarian by developing a range of knowledge and skills that lead to early awareness of any changes in behavior , movement or general condition that indicates an equine health problem . Establishing a norm for the vital signs , exercise tolerance , eating habits and general demeanor of the equine when at the " top of its game , " gives an owner greater awareness of any changes occurring in the health of the horse . An observant owner or handler can act preemptively by tracking symptoms , being aware of any indications of an emergency , and knowing when to call a veterinarian . Signs of equine disease Changes in physical appearance , behavior or movement often indicate a change in the health of the equine and serve as a wake - up call to the owner or handler that the horse needs attention . Any time an equine exhibits one or more of the following signs , a veterinarian should be called : Limping or favoring one leg Exercise intolerance Lethargy Inability to stand Indications of pain in the horse ' s abdomen Labored breathing Swollen lymph nodes Straining to urinate or defecate Refusal to eat Weight loss Distended veins Swelling in any part of body or on legs Blood in urine Choking Bleeding or injury Swollen or painful eyes Please note that these symptoms are not in any order of importance , nor is the list all - inclusive . Your veterinarian may add other conditions to the list , and it is of utmost importance that you have an ongoing conversation with your vet about what is best for your particular equine ( s ) . Catch symptoms early for best prognosis Equines are susceptible to numerous infectious diseases as well as diseases and conditions that affect the major body systems . Although symptoms may vary , usually most health problems present recognizable symptoms that can lead to effective diagnosis . In the case of infectious disease , fever is often an early symptom , along with diarrhea , colic , respiratory distress , lethargy , exercise intolerance , swollen lymph nodes , refusal to eat , weight loss and dehydration . The equine digestive system Changes in behavior Any time an equine shows signs of colic , lack of appetite , unthrifty appearance or weight loss , a thorough examination and diagnosis of the problem needs to be completed by a veterinarian . The equine digestive system is extremely complex and susceptible to upsets and a number of major diseases and conditions . The esophagus may become blocked by choke or impaction , progressive tumors or strictures . Any time a horse coughs , regurgitates food and saliva through the nose , drools or acts nervous and makes repeated efforts to swallow by lowering its head and stretching its neck , it needs immediate attention from a veterinarian to diagnose the problem and begin treatment . Diseases of the stomach are associated with indigestion , loss of weight and condition , diarrhea and colicky pain in the abdomen . Ulcers , gastric rupture or dilation and gastritis lead to great discomfort for the equine and laminitis may accompany or follow acute gastritis . Any time an equine shows signs of colic , lack of appetite , unthrifty appearance or weight loss , a thorough examination and diagnosis of the problem needs to be completed by a veterinarian . The small intestine and colon of the equine are also susceptible to colic and obstruction . Enteritis , which is inflammatory disease of the small bowel , and enterocolitis , which involves the colon , are the results of infections or intestinal parasites . Colic , depression , weight loss and diarrhea are common symptoms of problems in the small intestine and colon . Impactions are mechanical blockages that occur in the cecum or large colon and may be the result of poor feed , unchewed feed , decreased water intake , ingestion of sand or heavy parasite infestation . Colic , apathy , loss of appetite , increased thirst and passage of small amounts of hard manure covered by mucus are signs of impaction . Identifying and correcting the cause to prevent recurrence , along with relieving the impaction , are best done by a veterinarian . Other concerns related to the equine digestive system include strangulation of the intestines , peritonitis , liver diseases , acute diarrhea and constipation . The symptoms to watch for include colic , sudden severe pain in abdomen , swelling , sweating , jaundice , loss of appetite , lethargy , profuse explosive foul - smelling manure or small amounts of dry , hard manure . Any of these conditions may be life - threatening and the veterinarian should be called immediately . The equine respiratory system Winded without working Fever , nasal and eye discharge , exercise intolerance , loss of appetite and weight , colic symptoms , are also symptoms of respiratory distress . The upper part of the equine respiratory system is lined by a delicate membrane covered by a layer of mucus that traps bacteria and foreign irritants and acts as a first line of defense against infection . This layer of mucus is moved by cilia toward the front of the nose , enabling the respiratory system to rid itself of the potentially damaging bacteria or substances . Although a clear nasal discharge is common , nasal discharge is often a sign of disease in the respiratory system . A thick , yellow mucopurulent discharge from both nostrils indicates a bacterial or fungus infection . When the discharge is from one nostril , sinusitis , guttural pouch mycocis , a foreign body , polyp or tumor may be causing the problem . Sore throats in equines are associated with respiratory infections such as strangles , rhinopneumonitis and influenza . A purulent discharge , along with fever , noisy respiration , coughing , gagging , pain in the throat and loss of appetite often accompany these conditions . Symptoms of diseases of the lower respiratory system include rapid , noisy or shallow breathing , wheezing , crackling and bubbling sounds over the lungs and coughing . Acute bronchitis , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , also known as heaves or ( COPD ) , pneumonia , pleuritis and pleuopneumonia are diseases that affect the lower respiratory system . In addition to breathing problems , symptoms that indicate respiratory infections or conditions include fever , nasal and eye discharge , exercise intolerance , loss of appetite and weight , and colic symptoms . Any time symptoms of respiratory problems are noticed , a veterinarian should be called to diagnose and treat the disease . The equine circulatory system Monitor heart rates A horse ' s heart rate can be determined with a stethoscope , placed just behind the left elbow . The equine circulatory system consists of the heart , the blood , and the blood vessels , including the veins and arteries . Certain physical signs help to determine whether a horse ' s heart and circulation are working properly . Establishing a baseline for the healthy horse ' s pulse , capillary refill time , and any swelling on the horse ' s body or limbs is important for ongoing comparisons that may indicate a change from a healthy circulatory system to a less - than - healthy state . Heart disease affects horses of all ages and breeds . Foals should be checked to make sure they do not have a congenital heart defect . The most common abnormalities affect the valves and muscle of the heart . Cardiac problems may manifest in exercise intolerance , irregular heartbeat , poor growth , weakness , distended veins , edema and collapse . In the mature equine , diseases and conditions of the circulatory system include heart failure , thrombophlebitis , arterial vascular disease , anemia , valvular heart disease , bacterial endocarditis , pericarditis , myocarditis and cardiomyopathy , among others . Common symptoms of circulatory system failure include lethargy , loss of appetite and weight , muscular weakness , rapid , heavy breathing , exercise intolerance and , in serious cases , collapse of the horse . Although an owner can recognize early signs of cardiac problems , diagnosis and treatment by a veterinarian are essential . The use of electrocardiograms , x - rays , echocardiography and access to the latest drugs are essential when an equine ' s circulatory system begins to breakdown or fail . The equine nervous system Unusual movement When nervous system disease or damage is suspected , a veterinarian should be called to diagnose and treat the disease or condition in its earliest stages . The central nervous system of the horse includes the cerebrum , cerebellum , cranial nerves and brainstem and the spinal cord . Memory , behavior , voluntary motor control , balance , coordination of movements , consciousness , respiratory and heart rate , blood pressure , bladder and bowel control and the sending of motor impulses to muscles are all products of the equine nervous system . Any disease or damage to the nervous system may have serious consequences for the horse . Typical symptoms of diseases and conditions affecting the nervous system include seizures , depression , changes in personality and behavior , incoordination , changes in gait , muscle tremors , changes in body temperature or hormone systems , loss of sensation and loss of bladder and bowel control . In addition , diseases or damage affecting the cranial nerves can lead to varying degrees of blindness , loss of control of facial muscles and difficulty in swallowing . Brain and spinal cord infections or damage may result in encephalitis , myeloencephalitis , equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy , meningitis and seizures . In all cases when nervous system disease or damage is suspected , a veterinarian should be called to diagnose and treat the disease or condition in its earliest stages . The equine musculoskeletal system Recognizing early symptoms Physitis involves swelling around the growth plates of certain long bones in young horses . The equine bone structure consists of approximately 216 individual bones connected by ligaments and surrounded by muscles . The bones are covered by a layer of dense connective tissue known as the periosteum , and the bones are joined together by ligaments , tendons and the synovial membrane that secretes fluid and allows for friction - free movement . Interspersed between the tendons and bones are fluid - filled sacs known as bursae . Because horses are athletic animals , injuries to the musculoskeletal structures are common . Lameness and gait disturbances are common indications that problems have developed in the limbs or the foot of the horse . Sudden onset of lameness indicates laminitis or an acute injury . When a horse appears lame , each foot should be examined carefully for possible puncture wounds , a bruised sole or corn . A hoof tester is used to examine the foot for wounds , laminitis , gravel , quittor or navicular disease . If the front feet are hot , founder is a possibility . Swelling of the foot above the coronet may indicate ringbone . Swelling of joints , pain and increased warmth indicate inflammation either from an injury or a disease . Painful swelling along the inside front of the cannon bone indicates bucked shins or splint , and swelling without pain suggests tenosynovitis or bursitis . Musculoskeletal injuries and diseases affect the tendons and the ligaments and include stringhalt and bursitis . Sprains and strains are common problems in the joints . Periostitis is an inflammation of the connective tissue and may lead to unwanted new bone formation . Developmental orthopedic diseases ( DOD ) affect many equines . Among these are osteochondrosis , dysplasia , knock knees , bow legs and bucked or sprung knees . Other joint ailments include arthritis , bone spavin and osselets . In addition , horses are susceptible to fractures and broken bones in all areas of the limbs and the body structure . Muscle strains and diseases or other problems in the musculoskeletal system plague some horses . Stiffness , dragging hind toes , gait alterations and warm , painful muscles are common symptoms . Navicular disease is a common cause of front leg lameness in horses . A stiff , shuffling gait with a shortened , choppy stride is symptomatic of navicular disease . Fortunately , a veterinarian has a number of ways of diagnosing the cause of a problem in the musculoskeletal system , including x - rays , ultrasonography , bone scans , nerve blocks , synovial fluid analysis and arthroscopy . Early diagnosis and treatment often prevents ongoing problems , so prompt attention from a veterinarian is important in both diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal problems . The equine urinary system Normal urination The bladder capacity of an adult horse is approximately 1 gallon . The equine urinary system is composed of the kidneys , ureters , bladder and uretha . Normally , equine urine is cloudy , strong , alkaline and rather mucoid . Fresh urine that is dark and coffee - colored suggests the presence of myoglobin , seen in tying - up syndrome ( azoturia ) ; presence of hemoglobin in the urine occurs in hemolytic anemia and the presence of bile is an indication of jaundice . Blood in the urine may be an indication of either cystitis or urinary tract stones . Polyuria , which is the passage of unusually large amounts of urine , may indicate chronic kidney failure . The bladder capacity of an adult horse is approximately 1 gallon . Extreme thirst and continual drinking of water are other indications of polyuria . Painful urination and straining to urinate are known as dysuria and are indications of a lower urinary tract infection such as cystitus , urethritis and bladder stones . Blister beetle poisoning is an unusual cause of dysuria . Kidney diseases related to kidney failure include glomerulonephritis , interstitial nephritis and nephrosis . When the kidneys fail to remove nitrogen and other wastes from the blood , the build - up of toxic chemicals produces signs and symptoms of uremic poisoning , including severe depression , loss of appetite , weight loss , anemia , ammonia - like odor on the breath , excessive tartar build up on teeth and eventually coma . In cases of suspected urinary system disease or failure , a veterinarian should be called to diagnose the problem and prescribe treatment . Skin - the equine integumentary system Sunburn The treatment for a sunburned horse is pretty similar to that of the sunburn treatment for humans : frequent applications of pure aloe can soothe the sunburned horse ' s skin immensely . ร ยฉ Washington State University Although the skin of an equine is remarkably strong , it is also sensitive . As the barrier that keeps bacteria and other foreign agents out of the tissues and bloodstream of the equine , it also gives form to the body , insulates the horse against cold and heat , provides sensations to the surface of the body and is involved in the synthesis of vitamins . The skin of the equine can be easily damaged by tack , rough handling , injury , insects or parasites and skin disorders . Itchy skin disorders caused by insect bites , allergies , worms and worm larvae and fungus cause discomfort and make the horse susceptible to additional infections and irritants . Skin infections include abscesses , cellulitis , folliculitis , rain scalds , grease heel , summer sores and various forms of dermatitis . Pus , discharge , swelling , heat , patches of matted hair , draining sores or ulcers and crusty patches are some indications of skin infection . Horses are also susceptible to warts , sarcoid tumors , squamous cell carcinoma , melanoma , lymphosarcoma and infestations of cattle grubs . These conditions are evidenced by lumps , bumps and growths on or beneath the skin and examination will determine whether they are benign or need immediate treatment . Early diagnosis is important . Anhydrosis , the absence of sweating , often occurs during hot weather when the humidity is high . A rapid pulse , high fever , dry skin and rapid labored breathing are typical symptoms of this condition . Allergies caused by a foreign protein that invades the horse ' s immune system may trigger the release of histamine , resulting in hives , which are raised bumps that may or may not itch . Contact dermatitis , caused by an allergic reaction to a chemical , results in itchy , red bumps and fluid - filled blisters . Saddle sores , rope burns and galls are the consequence of skin injuries caused by ill - fitting or careless use of tack . Usually the sores and cause are self - evident . Once a diagnosis is made by a veterinarian , many skin diseases and conditions can be treated effectively by the owner or handler using the medication prescribed by the veterinarian . The equine eyes Eye injuries Prompt attention by a veterinarian to diagnose and treat any equine eye problem is extremely important . Early intervention can often save the horse ' s eyesight Fortunately , eye injuries are not common in the equine , partly because of the heavy framework of bone that surrounds the eye and because of the way the eyeball is situated and protected by the eyelid structure and muscles surrounding the eye . Pain and change in appearance are the most common indications of an eye problem in an equine . Excessive tearing , squinting , tenderness to touch and avoidance of light may be the result of injury to the cornea or a disorder such as uveitis . Any indication of pain in a horse ' s eye should be immediately reported to the veterinarian . Eye damage in horses progresses rather quickly and may be associated with loss of vision if not diagnosed and treated promptly . Eye discharge , red or cloudy eyes , a film over the front of the eye or a bulging or sunken eye are symptoms of eye disorders or injuries . In addition , conjunctivitis and inflamed or puffy eyelids indicate infection or infestation by larvae and need prompt attention . Uveitis , also known as moon blindness , is an inflammation of the uveal tract , which is composed of the inner pigmented structures of the eye . Uveitis is one of the most common disorders of the eye and is the leading cause of blindness . Painful , red eyes that squint and tear are early indicators of uveitis . In addition , the eye may appear cloudy , have a contracted pupil and a tender , soft - feeling eyeball . Equines are also susceptible to cataracts , glaucoma , retinal diseases and retinal detachment . Changes in the eyeball , tenderness , night blindness and a bluish haze are symptoms of these eye conditions . The eyelids and nictitating membrane are sometimes prone to benign and malignant tumors , including squamous cell carcinoma , sarcoids , melanomas , skin papillomas and lymphosarcomas . Any growths in the eye area should be diagnosed and removed at the earliest possible stage . Prompt attention by a veterinarian to diagnose and treat any equine eye problem is extremely important . Early intervention can often save the horse ' s eyesight , as well as prevent discomfort and possible injury . The equine ears Unclipped Leaving a horse ' s ears unclipped during warmer months will help fend off biting insects . ร ยฉ April Raine | EquiDesis , LLC . Horses have a well - developed sense of hearing along with an auditory mechanism that picks up vibrations tramsmitted through the ground and conveys that information to the middle ear through the jawbone . A horse ' s ability to hear can be judged by how it uses its ears . Since a horse that hears well rotates its ears toward the source of a sound , lack of attentiveness and quiet ears are two indications that the horse does n ' t hear as well as it should . The ear flap of the horse is subject to fly - bite dermatitis , tumors , plaques and lacerations . Ear ticks can travel into the ear canal and occasional ear infections may occur . Head shaking , tenderness to touch , redness and swelling of the ear fold , a bad odor or a purulent ear discharge indicate a problem in the ear canal . Bacterial infection of the middle and inner ear can result in labyrinthitis , which results in dizziness , incoordination , loss of balance , a staggering gait and a tendency to lean against walls or fences for support . Again , a veterinarian is trained to diagnose and treat any problem with an equine ' s ears , whether it relates to hearing or to a disease or injury . The equine oral cavity Baby teeth Deciduous ( baby ) teeth can be so firmly lodged that the underlying permanent teeth become impacted . Food lodges in between causing discomfort and infection . ร ยฉ April Raine | EquiDesis , LLC . An equine ' s mouth , teeth , lips , tongue , palate , throat and soft tissue of the face and neck tell a great deal about the horse . Pale gums are a possible sign of parasites or anemia ; bluish - gray gums indicate low oxygen caused by respiratory or circulatory failure . Yellow gums indicate jaundice . The horse ' s mouth is susceptible to cuts and tongue lacerations , as well as to penetration by foreign bodies , such as splinters , burrs , foxtail and other irritating substances that may become embedded in the tissues and on the surface of the tongue . Infected teeth , viral infectious diseases , photosensitivity reactions and prolonged use of medications can affect the health of the equine oral cavity . Although tumors in the mouth are not common , growths that ulcerate and exude a bad odor may be malignant . Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common , and other malignant tumors include melanoma , fibrosarcoma and lymphoma . Benign tumors that occur in and around the mouth include sarcoids , papillomas , cysts , neoplams and granulomas . Common problems with teeth include dental caps , impacted teeth , wolf teeth , hooks and split or broken teeth . Abnormal wear patterns are common , and having the teeth and oral cavity checked on a regular basis and the teeth floated by a veterinarian is very important . Although this article touches on many aspects of various equine diseases and conditions , it is in no way comprehensive . Your best source for proper diagnosis and treatment of any health problem is your veterinarian . Informed and observant equine owners and handlers are valuable partners in communicating changes that may indicate signs of injury or health concerns , allowing for prompt veterinary response and positive outcomes . About the Author EquiMed Staff EquiMed staff writers team up to provide articles that require periodic updates based on evolving methods of equine healthcare . Compendia articles , core healthcare topics and more are written and updated as a group effort . Our review process includes an important veterinarian review , helping to assure the content is consistent with the latest understanding from a medical professional . Comments | [
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http://equimed.com/diseases-and-conditions/reference/sarcoids | Home diseases and conditions reference Sarcoids EquiMed Staff - 08 / 14 / 2014 Diseases And Conditions Sarcoids Diseases and conditions image EquiMed Also Known As Skin eruptions , Skin lesions Description Commonly found on the legs , abdomen , head , and around the eyes of a horse , sarcoids vary in size from less than an inch to several inches in diameter . While no definitive cause has been identified , DNA studies have linked equine sarcoids to Bovine Papilloma Virus , Types 1 and 2 Six different types of sarcoids that affect horses are recognized in the medical community . They include : Occult : circular patches of hair loss with a gray , scaly surface that looks like ringworm Verrucose : gray , scaly , irregular in shape , and deeper than occult sarcoid Nodular : mainly under thin and shiny skin , varying in size ; they commonly occur around the groin and eyelids Fibroblastic : aggressive , fleshy masses that resemble skin cancer and often originate as a complication of a skin wound ; they grow rapidly and are extremely invasive Mixed : a combination of two or more types of sarcoid forming a colony Malevolent : the most aggressive type , commonly found in the elbow and face areas and spreads through the skin and along lymph vessels Symptoms Patches of hair loss with gray , scaly skin Ringworm - like appearance Wart - like appearance Raised nodules Fleshy masses similar to human skin cancer Ulcerated areas Multiple lesions Causes Although researchers have been trying to determine the cause of sarcoids for years , no definitive causes have been found . In some cases , a genetic basis for the sarcoids is possible . The distribution of the lesions leads researchers to believe that flies and viruses are involved , but no definite link has been established . DNA studies suggest that equine sarcoids are sometimes caused by the cattle wart virus Bovine Papilloma Virus , Types 1 and 2 . Although sarcoids do not extend into internal organs , they do need to be treated . When they are successfully treated , both the behavior and performance of horses noticeably improve , suggesting that chemical products from the sarcoids may cause internal consequences for the horse . Prevention To date , no method of preventing the development of sarcoids has been proven effective . Good horse management , including fly control measures , may help . Some evidence suggests that thinner - skinned breeds , such as Arabian horses , have a greater tendency to develop the condition . Mares diagnosed with sarcoids should not be used for breeding purposes . Treatment Many veterinarians are reluctant to deal with sarcoids , but treatment should begin as soon as a diagnosis is made because serious complications can develop . Treatment must eliminate every abnormal cell or the sarcoid will return . Surgical removal is an option if the entire tumor along with a portion of surrounding tissue can be removed without serious consequences . Freezing of the tumor has proven effective in some cases . Shockwave therapy has also been successful , with radiation therapy seen as the treatment of choice for recurring sarcoids Dig Deeper This section contains articles specially selected by EquiMed staff for visitors wanting more information about this disease or condition . These articles are copyrighted by their respective owners and are available to you courtesy of EquiMed Diagnosing Equine Disease Research Shows Topical Aciclovir Application Eradicates Sarcoids Treatment of Equine Disease Tumors About the Author EquiMed Staff EquiMed staff writers team up to provide articles that require periodic updates based on evolving methods of equine healthcare . Compendia articles , core healthcare topics and more are written and updated as a group effort . Our review process includes an important veterinarian review , helping to assure the content is consistent with the latest understanding from a medical professional . Comments Sorry , the browser you are using is not currently supported . Disqus actively supports the following browsers : Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11 + Safari | [
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http://equimed.com/drugs-and-medications/reference/ceftiofur | Home drugs and medications reference Ceftiofur EquiMed Staff - 06 / 17 / 2014 Drugs And Medications Ceftiofur Drugs and medications image EquiMed Pronunciation SEF - ti - o - fur - Pronunciation guide Brand Names Ceftiflex Excede Sterile Suspension for Horses Naxcel Description Ceftiofur is a newer drug in the class of cephalosporin antibiotics that kill bacteria by disrupting construction of the bacterial cell wall . It is effective against many different bacteria , including Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Strep Equi , which cause major respiratory problems . Usage Ceftiofur is used primarily for treatment of respiratory diseases , but may also be used whenever a broad - spectrum antibiotic is desired . It is also prescribed in the treatment of Lyme disease and strangles . Dosage and Administration Cetiofur Method Dosage ( click row for calculator ) Concentration Period Duration Intramuscular injection 1 1 - 2 mg / lb 50 mg / ml 2 Daily Up to 10 days 3 Notes : Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian . 1 A maximum of 10 ml may be administered per injection site . 2 After reconstitution of the sterile powder . 1 gram vial : reconstitute with 20 ml sterile water for injection . 4 gram vial : reconstitute with 80 ml sterile water for injection . Shake thoroughly prior to use . 3 Continue 48 hours after clinical signs have disappeared . Calculator is for educational purposes only . Follow your veterinarian ' s instructions regarding use of this , or any medication . Side Effects Drug side effects are rare at recommended doses . Pain and swelling at the injection site are sometimes noted , but hot compresses and NSAIDs usually relieve any discomfort . Diarrhea has been reported with ceftiofur use , but appears to be either dose - related or related to certain populations of young horses . High doses of ceftiofur given during safety studies caused diarrhea , colic , and loss of appetite . Precautions Ceftiofur is not for human use and exposure to this drug should be avoided by people who are allergic or sensitive to penicillin and cephalosporins . Antibiotic - induced diarrhea can be very serious and life - threatening . If diarrhea occurs while a horse is on ceftiofur , the drug should be discontinued immediately and aggressive supportive therapy for diarrhea may be necessary . Ceftiofur is FDA - approved and U.S. federal law restricts this drug to use by or on lawful written or oral order of a licensed veterinarian . Ceftiofur is forbidden in drug - free competitions . Check with the individual regulatory organization for rules relating to therapeutic use of this drug . Interactions The use of cephalosporins is not recommended with bacteriostatic antibiotics , such as chloramphenicol , which merely prevent or slow bacterial growth , but do n ' t kill the bacteria . Overdose High doses or overdoses of ceftiofur during safety studies caused diarrhea , colic , and loss of appetite . Images Ceftiflex Injectable Naxel Injectable Literature About the Author EquiMed Staff EquiMed staff writers team up to provide articles that require periodic updates based on evolving methods of equine healthcare . Compendia articles , core healthcare topics and more are written and updated as a group effort . Our review process includes an important veterinarian review , helping to assure the content is consistent with the latest understanding from a medical professional . Comments Sorry , the browser you are using is not currently supported . Disqus actively supports the following browsers : Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11 + Safari | [
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http://equimed.com/health-centers/reproductive-care/articles/advantages-of-embryo-transfer-for-both-mare-and-owner | Home health centers reproductive care articles Advantages of Embryo Transfer for Both Mare and Owner Flossie Sellers - 05 / 07 / 2017 Reproductive Care Advantages of Embryo Transfer for Both Mare and Owner Science and technology in horse reproduction . Embryo transfer is an assisted reproduction technique by which an embryo is transferred from a donor mare to the uterus of a recipient mare that will carry the pregnancy to term . Embryo transfer has become almost commonplace in the equine industry , especially with the establishment of large recipient herds of mares throughout the country . The average cost of a foal produced from an embryo transfer , if both the stallion and mare are fertile , will range between $ 5,500 to $ 7,500 . If a mare owner is to break even , the foal needs to be worth at least $ 10,000 to $ 12,000 as a weanling . Man inspecting horse embryo Costs have come way down as the annual number of equine AI procedures increases . It is worthwhile to invest time and money in choosing optimal recipients , as it is a waste of time and resources to breed a donor mare , recover an embryo and then place it in the uterus of a mare that can not carry a foal to term . All mares purchased with the purpose of becoming recipients for an embryo transfer program should have a complete breeding soundness exam . Age is also important . It is more likely that a mature , but relatively young , mare 5 to 8 years old will be able to carry a foal to term . Ideally , mares in a recipient program should be chosen in accordance to a body size similar or slightly larger than the breed size of the donor mare . Also , it is worthwhile to choose mares with good dispositions because they will be easier to handle and usually make better mothers . A mare owner that wants to use embryo transplant , either as owner of a donor mare or a recipient mare , should discuss options with a veterinarian and then contact a facility with which to work in the future . A contract will be sent detailing specific costs , what will be covered , such as number of attempts , when the pregnant recipient needs to be picked up , if the recipient can be returned and the price that will be paid to the mare owner for returning the recipient mare . Some facilities include 3 embryo flush attempts in their fee , after which the mare owner pays for each additional attempt . Once a contract is signed , a holding fee , usually $ 1,500 , needs to be paid . The remainder of the fee is paid when the mare is pregnant . The embryo is usually taken from the donor mare by uterine lavage at around 6 to 8 days after ovulation , with day 7 being the optimal retrieval time according to most veterinarians . Advantages and Disadvantages of Embryo Transfer Embryo transfer has a number of advantages for the donor mare , the recipient mare , and the horse owner . A donor mare can produce more than one foal per season . The donor mare can remain in competition while producing foals . Young , genetically valuable donor mares can begin producing foals before maturity or while in training . Valuable mares with physical disabilities that would prevent a successful pregnancy can produce offspring . Older mares that are incapable of carrying a foal to term can continue to produce foals as donor mares . Risk of foaling problems for donor mares is eliminated . Success rate with recipient mares ; that have conception problems can be increased . Along with the advantages come some disadvantages : The procedure is expensive . Embryo transfer requires specialized training and not all equine facilities , veterinarians or practitioners offer the service . Timing is extremely important and cooperation among all parties involved is essential since one misstep on the part of one of the parties will result in failure to achieve pregnancy . Important choices that the owner of the recipient mare must make include : Choosing a veterinarian who is experienced in the procedure and is available throughout the process since everything is time dependent and must be synchronized for maximum effectiveness in achieving pregnancy . Choosing a breeder who will cooperate in all aspects of the embryo transfer , including timing availability , cost and shipping frequency , if out of the area . Choosing a good donor mare and practicing sound breeding management to ensure successful embryo recovery from the donor mare . Making sure that the recipient mare is in good breeding condition with optimal nutritional and physical condition and with a breeding history that is free of difficulties and / or abortions . Choosing a stallion that has a high conception rate with good fertility and has the characteristics desired in the foal . The Process of Embryo Transfer The technique is relatively simple , but adherence to management guidelines is essential for success . The donor mare is bred using proper veterinarian management . The mare should be palpated every 12 hours after she is bred to accurately determine the time of ovulation . If a mare owner prefers to use his own recipient mares , it is best to monitor ovulation in three recipient mares for every transfer attempt . Three mares are needed because of the wide variation in the length of estrus , in the rate of follicular development and in the timing of ovulation . It is preferred that the recipient mare ovulates 12 to 48 hours after the donor . Embryos are collected from the mare by uterine lavage using specialized fluids , usually 7 days after the mare has ovulated . The fluids are collected through tubing that is attached to a special cup containing a filter . The holes in the filter are small enough that the embryo can not pass through . The fluids that remain in the cup are searched using a microscope . Once an embryo is identified , it is aged and graded for quality and stage of development . It is then removed from wash fluids and placed in a dish containing transfer media . The recipient is then readied for the transfer . The majority of embryos are placed into the recipient by a non - surgical technique using an embryo insemination gun that discharges the embryo into the uterus . Transporting Cooled Embryos In some cases , owners of donor mares choose not to have embryo recipients as part of their plan . Instead , they collect the embryos , but then ship them to a referral facility that holds numerous recipients available for transfer at any given time . This avoids the hassles of purchasing , checking and maintaining recipients as well as the expense and work involved with synchronizing the complete protocol . The drawbacks of this alternative are the risks involved with shipping an embryo , and also the pregnancy rates may be reduced slightly when an embryo is not transferred immediately after collection . Shipped embryos are packaged in a sterile vial containing a commercial medium that is supplemented with fetal calf serum and antibiotics . The vial is placed in a 50 - ml centrifuge tube and packed in an Equitainer for cooled shipment . It is shipped by airline or overnight courier service and transferred to the recipient mare as soon as it reaches the transfer facility , optimally within 24 hours . The bottom line when considering working with embryo transfer requires that the horse owner : Carefully selects the horses that are sound breeders and capable of producing the desired traits in their offspring . Makes sure that the expense is justified by the quality of the animal produced . Remains objective when making the important decisions . About the Author Flossie Sellers As an animal lover since childhood , Flossie was delighted when Mark , the CEO and developer of EquiMed asked her to join his team of contributors . She enrolled in My Horse University at Michigan State and completed a number of courses in everything related to horse health , nutrition , diseases and conditions , medications , hoof and dental care , barn safety , and first aid . Staying up - to - date on the latest developments in horse care and equine health is now a habit , and she enjoys sharing a wealth of information with horse owners everywhere . . Comments | [
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"donor mare"
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http://equip.sbts.edu/publications/journals/journal-of-theology/sbjt-113-fall-2007/pauls-universalizing-hermeneutic-in-romans/ | Home Publications Journals The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology SBJT 113 Fall 2007 Pauls Universalizing Hermeneutic in Romans Pauls Universalizing Hermeneutic in Romans By Douglas Moo Featured Collections Best Of The top articles from Southern Equip in 2018 Hershael York | [
"Southern Equip",
"Universalizing"
] |
http://equipboard.com/pros/george-harrison | George Harrison Born in Liverpool in 1943 , George Harrison โ s first whiff of the music scene started out from listening to Elvis Presley โ s โ Heartbreak Hotel โ . At the age of 14 Harrison bought his first guitar and a year later joined what was initially known as the Quarry Me . . . more Roles : Singer Guitarist Music Producer Member of : The Plastic Ono Band Delaney & Bonnie and Friends The Beatles Traveling Wilburys The Quarrymen Genres : Rock Pop Blues Unknown Edit Artist Details 538 Followers Follow to get George Harrison ' s gear updates 20 Contributors Contribute to this page All 75 Studio Equipment 1 Software Plugins and VSTs 0 Headphones 1 Guitars 46 Amplifiers 7 Effects Pedals 2 Microphones Cellos 2 Music Accessories World Instruments Bass Guitars 5 Modular Synthesizers Drum Sets Other Gear 3 Studio Equipment Add George Harrison ' s Studio Equipment What kind of Studio Equipment does George Harrison use ? Click here to let us know ! Leslie Speaker 145 This Leslie speaker designed for guitars was used by Harrison on " Let It Be " . . . more Software Plugins and VSTs 0 What kind of Software Plugins and VSTs does George Harrison use ? Click here to let us know ! Headphones Add George Harrison ' s Headphones What kind of Headphones does George Harrison use ? Click here to let us know ! AKG K240 Sextett Whenever I ca n ' t think of what to feel , I just put on my headphones for a while . needs review Guitars 46 Add George Harrison ' s Guitars What kind of Guitars does George Harrison use ? Click here to let us know ! Resonet Futurama " When Harrison went to Hessy ' s Music in Liverpool on 20 November looking for . . . Framus Zenith Model 17 According to [ The Beatles Gear ] ( http : / / thebeatlesgear . com / framus_17_GH . html ) . . . incorrect Fender Stratocaster " Bangladesh " Known as the " Bangladesh Strat " , this ' 50s Fender Stratocaster was used by Ha . . . needs improvement 1957 Gibson Les Paul Standard [ Eric Clapton ] ( http : / / equipboard . com / pros / eric - clapton ) gifted a 1957 Les Pau . . . Fender Eric Clapton Stratocaster George Harrison used this Eric Clapton Fender Signature Guitar while playing . . . Fender Rocky Stratocaster It was originally purchased by Brian Epstein , the Beatles ' manager , and given . . . 1968 Fender Rosewood Telecaster In this picture George is used a 1968 Fender Rosewood Telecaster . This guitar . . . Gretsch Duo Jet " It was my first real American guitar , " he told Guitar Player magazine in 198 . . . Gretsch Country Gentleman This is the guitar that George Harrison played on the Ed Sullivan show . Futurama Guitar George Harrison used a Futurama in the Beatles early Hamburg days . Rickenbacker 360 / 12 Electric 12 - String Guitar George Harrison used this guitar for the opening chords of ' ' A Hard Day ' s Nig . . . needs improvement Roy Buchanan Bluesmaster No . 6 In this source video , George Harrison recalls the use of the Roy Buchanan Blu . . . Gibson SJ - 200 Acoustic Guitar In this picture , George Harrison is playing a rare acoustic version with the . . . Epiphone Casino George Harrison can be seen using a 1965 Epiphone Casino in this photo from t . . . Gibson J - 160E In this picture George Harrison can be seen using what was the main acoustic . . . Gibson SG Standard Electric Guitar George Harrison is spotted at 0 : 22 ( and throughout in this Beatles music vide . . . 1963 Gretsch 6119 Tennessean In this video George used the Tenneseean . He also used it to record on " Help ! . . . Hamburguitar George Harrison Custom Guitar George used the green Hamburguitar on " Real love " shown at 2 : 32 of this video . Maton Mastersound [ This article ] ( http : / / www . guitarplayer . com / gear / 1012 / george - harrison - and - eric . . . Guild Starfire 12 String At 1 : 21 in this [ Hard Rock video ] ( https : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = gCiufG6rW4w . . . 1958 Hofner President Acoustic Archtop George Harrison can be seen using a Hofner President Archtop guitar in this p . . . Gibson ES - 345 Electric Guitar In this photo , we can see George Harrison playing sunburst Gibson ES - 345 . Ramirez 1A In this photo , Harrison can be seen playing a Ramirez 1A . Rickenbacker 425 In this photo , Harrison can be seen playing a Rickenbacker 425 Guild Red Special George Harrison used this guitar in 1993 . 1 3 Next โบ Last ยป Similar Artists John Lennon Ringo Starr Paul McCartney Traveling Wilburys The Beatles The Plastic Ono Band Pete Townshend Jeff Lynne The Kinks The Hollies John Entwistle The Rolling Stones | [
"George Harrison",
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"The Plastic Ono Band"
] |
http://er-suvasvora.blogspot.com/2012/03/why-ammeter-is-connected-in-series-with.html | Engineering Saturday , 24 March 2012 Why Ammeter is connected in series with circuit & Volt meter is connected in parallel with circuit ? Why Ammeter is connected in series with circuit & Volt meter is connected in parallel with circuit ? An ammeter is connected in series with the circuit because the purpose of the ammeter is to measure the current through the circuit . Since the ammeter is a low impedance device , connecting it in parallel with the circuit would cause a short circuit , damaging the ammeter and / or the circuit . 1 ) It should be connected in series , so that maximum current can pass through it , for accurate measurement of current . 2 ) its resistance is very low , if it is connected in parallel in a circuit , it will by the current , and current can not be measured accurately . if you do not connect the ammeter in series you will shunt the load , basically excluding the resistive element of the circuit . The Voltmeter is used to measure the electrical potential difference between two points . . . so it ' s no use to connect it in Series , because the electrical potential difference between two points at the same line is zero = = > the readings will always be zero . The Ammeter is used to measure the electric current in a circuit . . . so it ' s no use to connect it in Parallel , because you want to know the current flowing in this wire . note the internal Resistance of the Ammeter is very little and very high for the Voltmeter - - > so they will not affect the circuit . Posted by suvas at 21 : 08 Email This BlogThis ! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest 21 comments : Sharmila Ganesh 6 September 2013 at 04 : 43 Thank u very much . . . Reply abul shathuli 21 October 2013 at 05 : 42 its best answer thanks Reply Mahabub Rohoman 10 January 2014 at 02 : 24 why the ammeter will short circuit if it is connected in parallel ? Replies Srija Ramineni 2 January 2015 at 21 : 21 it gets damaged Shreoshree Adhikari 23 September 2015 at 07 : 16 the ammeter has negligible resistance . . . . when connected in parallel , it will get a large amount of potential difference ( because in parallel voltage is consant ) . . . . since current is directly proportional to V and inversely proportional to R . . . thus a large amount of current will flow through ammeter . . . this will cause a short circuit . sai seetha ram 4 October 2016 at 06 : 10 The best answer for a student to understand the topic sai seetha ram 4 October 2016 at 06 : 10 The best answer for a student to understand the topic Raunaq Singh 8 September 2014 at 23 : 03 The best on the internet mate . keep up the good work Replies Unknown 4 February 2018 at 07 : 15 Potential difference between b / w 2 points in the same line is zero . Why ? Tarun Kumar 22 May 2015 at 05 : 26 thanks perfect answer RAYAGURU_ AZIZ 30 August 2015 at 20 : 54 helpfiull ANANTA KUMAR NAYAK 2 September 2015 at 21 : 07 This comment has been removed by the author . Shreoshree Adhikari 23 September 2015 at 07 : 12 The answer is awesome . jerome figueroa 20 January 2016 at 18 : 24 Ammeter measures value of current flowing in circuit , so current should flow inside ammeter to give proper result . And it has very low resistance to ensure the correct measurement of current in the circuit . If it is connected in parallel across any load then all current in circuit will choose lower resistive path ( i.e ammeter ) to cause it ' s circuit to be damaged . Hence it is used in series . And Voltmeter has very high resistance to ensure that it ' s connection do not alter flow of current in the circuit . Now if it is connected in series then no current will be there in the circuit due to it ' s high resistance . Hence it is connected in parallel to the load across which potential difference is to be measured . ammeter 101 Unknown 16 March 2016 at 01 : 10 what happens if we connect a voltmeter and an ammeter in series with a battery Riya Khajuria 16 September 2017 at 07 : 50 very well explained hemant meena 21 November 2017 at 05 : 52 excellent Abdullah Nasir Auwal 10 December 2017 at 08 : 15 So Awesome Forgive Me 16 January 2018 at 22 : 56 Is there any change in parallel combination of two resistors when ammeter is used in that parallel combination of two resistors ? Plz , could u answer ? Forgive Me 16 January 2018 at 22 : 57 Is there any change in parallel combination of two resistors when ammeter is used in that parallel combination of two resistors ? Plz , could u answer ? 4 February 2019 at 04 : 55 you said that the ammeter gives the maximum value but current flow in minimum in series Newer Post Older Post Home Subscribe to : Post Comments ( Atom ) Pages Home An Introduction to Digital Logic - Signals and Gat . . . Followers Blog Archive โบ 2011 ( 11 ) โผ 2012 ( 5 ) โผ March ( 5 ) why ameter is connected in series and voltmeter is . . . Why Ammeter is connected in series with circuit & . . . Capacitor Application MAKING AN ELECTRICAL GENERATOR Engineering Ebooks Link About Me suvas View my complete profile | [
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http://er.educause.edu/articles/2014/2/understanding-the-learning-personalities-of-successful-online-students | Understanding the Learning Personalities of Successful Online Students Authors : by Tena Crews Sradha Sheth and Tamlyn Horne Published : Monday , February 24 , 2014 Key Takeaways Long studied as a way to help people better understand themselves and others personality research and theory has evolved to include the use of assessment tools to identify various personality types and temperaments These tools have been used in education to identify learning styles teaching strategies , and opportunities to increase success for both students and teachers . Building on studies of traditional students , this study uses the True Colors model of personality characteristics to identify characteristics common to successful online students as well as strategies for improving how online courses are designed and taught to better meet the needs of all students . Tena B . Crews is a professor in the Integrated Information Technology Department and a Certified True Colors Trainer , Sradha Sheth is a previous master ' s student in Retail Management , and Tamlyn M . Horne is a current master ' s student in Sport and Entertainment Management at the University of South Carolina Columbia . Many factors contribute to the rapid growth in higher education ' s online course offerings , from economic realities to the need for alternative ways to teach a new media - savvy generation . As online classes reduce and often eliminate face - to - face ( F2F ) interactions , it ' s important for instructors to learn new ways of understanding and interacting with their online students to further enhance their success . Studies show students ' cognitive styles play a key role in their success in online courses . 1 As one researcher noted , " Satisfying online learners ' cognitive styles was a critical success factor for online instruction " 2 and suggested further research studies to identify instructional strategies addressing online learners ' cognitive styles to improve learning outcomes were also provided . " Understanding students ' personality traits and learning styles will help instructors better understand the students , create a more conducive learning environment , and help students be more successful in online courses . Studies support that students ' cognitive styles play a key role in their success in online courses . 3 " Satisfying online learners ' cognitive styles was a critical success factor for online instruction , and suggested further research studies to identify instructional strategies addressing online learners ' cognitive styles to improve learning outcomes . " 4 To further this work , our study used the True Colors personality assessment inventory to investigate the learning styles / preferences of successful online students . Here , we offer a brief overview of personality research , then describe our study and the resulting recommendations for helping faculty design and teach online courses to meet the needs of all types of students . Modeling Personality Traits Using personality theories and studies as a foundation , researchers have created many assessment inventories to help identify and illuminate different personality types and temperaments . Today , personality inventories are used in multiple ways , including to investigate and guide students in choosing a career path , a roommate , or a suitable learning process . 5 Such assessment tools are founded on a rich history . Foundational Models Hippocrates , the father of medicine , postulated a four - factor theory of temperament in 400 B.C. noting a link between external factors and their impact on human organs and body fluids . According to Patricia Hedges , 6 " Hippocrates proposed each temperament was formed by an inequality of secretions coming from the heart ( sanguine ) , the liver ( irascible ) , the lungs ( apathetic ) , and the kidneys ( depressed ) . " In essence , he believed that human temperaments were based on bodily functions that caused people to be happy , easily angered , relatively emotionless , or dispirited . Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung advanced the field ' s evolution when he theorized human behavior was not random but rather synchronized to a pattern . " This pattern is governed by the person ' s choice or preference for specific ways of functioning and living . " 7 Therefore , a person ' s behavior might appear irrational to others , when it is actually an outcome based on logic and consistency . Many other philosophers , physicians , and scholars have also classified human nature using different scales . In one well - known example , Isabel Briggs Myers , a student of Jung , created the Myers - Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) to measure human behavior . She developed the MBTI to support Jung ' s theory of psychological types 8 and identified perception and judgment as causes of differences in individuals ' behavior ( see table 1 ) . Table 1 . Descriptions of MBTI Personality Components 9 Personality Component Qualities E = Extraversion outgoing , people person , comfortable in teams , quick to action , energizes other people , has many friends F = Feeling caring , warm , tactful , people - or communication - oriented , makes decisions from heart , compassionate , idealistic , indirect , may have difficulty communicating the hard truth of a situation I = Introversion reflective , reserved , independent , prefers to know a few people , does not move into action quickly , may tend to ignore and / or forget to check the fit between ideas and the experience J = Judging uses decision making , has a planned or orderly way of life , task - oriented , makes a to do checklist , flexible , work comes before play , pays attention to deadlines , may focus too much on the goal N = Intuition reads between the lines , experiments with different ideas and possibilities , looks at the big picture first and then at the facts , trusts symbols , impressions and metaphors more than experience , may focus too much on new possibilities P = Perceiving open to new information and experiences , plans , decisive , open to respond to the happenings , approaches work as play , stimulated by deadlines , sometimes too involved in taking information and misses deadlines S = Sensing goes deep into the problem to find a solution , pays attention to physical reality or senses , pragmatic , starts with fact and then forms the big picture , experience speaks louder than words , may over focus and hence miss out on new possibilities T = Thinking consistent , logical , analyzes pro and cons , fair , more truthful than tactful , sometimes may ignore the " people " aspect of a situation , indifferent Researchers have conducted many educational studies based on the MBTI . One study 10 examined the impact of certain personality types in relation to secondary teachers ' inclination to use technology . Through the use of a questionnaire , the study identified four combinations of personalities : sensory / feeling ( SF ) , sensory / thinking ( ST ) , intuitive / feeling ( NF ) , and intuitive / thinking ( NT ) . Each type had a different attitude toward technology acceptance . For example , NT teachers were more receptive to using technology than SF teachers . Using the study ' s findings , teacher education programs can modify course The True Colors Model Based on this thought and an understanding of personality concepts developed by Jung , Briggs , David Keirsey 11 and Plato , Don Lowry was the first to apply the color metaphors to identify personality types : Color has been used to shape and describe our lives , our habits , as well as our values and feelings throughout the ages . Research into the physiological effects of color has shown it truly has an impact on our lives , often in unconscious and mysterious ways . The colors for the True Colors model were chosen to correspond with the various metaphors associated with each color . 12 The True Colors personality assessment inventory was founded by Lowry 13 based on the belief that " successful people know who they are and what their True Colors are and once they understand their values and needs , it would become easier for them to perform their best in every area of life . " 14 The True Colors model is built on four colors and their corresponding qualities : Blue : mediator , optimistic , communicator , passionate , true romantic , cause - oriented , sensitive to other ' s needs , encourages others , cooperative , peacemaker , helpful , enjoys friends , patient , open minded Gold : prepared , planner , detail - oriented , trustworthy , punctual , values order , values family traditions , loyal , precise , believes in rules and procedures , responsible , organized , appreciates deadlines , motivated , determined Green : intellectual , theoretical , perfectionist , visionary , abstract , conceptual , needs private time , approaches interpersonal relationships in a logical manner , always asking " why " and seeking knowledge , prefers independent work , competent , knowledgeable Orange : playful , risk taker , quick witted , negotiator , entertainer , high need for mobility , energetic , competitive , likes tangible rewards , laid back , natural nonconformist , appreciates immediate feedback , appreciates freedom , physical , social , visual According to True Colors , those with Blue personality characteristics are relationship builders and good communicators , and have good people skills . Those with Gold personality characteristics have initiative and are organized , manage time well , and pay attention to detail . Those with Green characteristics are knowledgeable , calm , self - controlled , determined , and focused . Those with Orange characteristics are social , risk - takers who enjoy their freedom . Table 2 shows how the True Colors model relates to other theories and inventories . Table 2 . How the True Colors Inventory Relates to Established Theories / Inventories 15 Theory / Inventory Blue Gold Green Orange Hippocrates Phlegmatic Melancholic Choleric Sanguine Jung ' s Theory Feeling Sensing Thinking Intuitive Keirsey ' s Temperaments Idealist NF Guardian SJ Rationals NT Artisans SP Myers - Briggs Type Indicator INFP , ENFP , INFJ , ENFJ ESFJ , ISFJ , ESTJ , ISTJ INTJ , ENTJ , INTP , ENTP ESFP , ISFP , ESTP , ISTP True Colors and Online Education Every individual has a combination of all four colors within their personality ; this is referred to as their personality characteristic trait spectrum . Mary Miscisin noted various student personality trait characteristics based on each color as well . 16 By identifying particular characteristic traits , educators can better understand student needs . For example , in general , students who have self - respect and a sense of their worth typically exhibit behavior that contributes to the overall productive learning environment . Identifying students ' True Colors personality spectrums can give teachers a wealth of information to enhance their instruction . 17 Miscisin related True Colors personality characteristics to students in face - to - face ( F2F ) courses . 18 However , understanding online students ' personality traits is equally important , especially given the growth in online education . The Illinois Online Network ( ION ) highlights the qualities online students should possess to succeed in the online learning environment . 19 Online courses often require students to use theoretical knowledge and work experience throughout the learning process . According to ION , 20 characteristics of successful online learners include being open - minded about sharing personal and professional experiences online ; having good written communication skills ; using proactive communication ; being self - motivated and self - disciplined ; having a commitment to learning ; having critical thinking and decision - making skills ; believing that quality learning can take place in an online environment ; and being spontaneous . Individual Colors and Online Success Table 3 outlines the connections between the eight characteristics of successful online learners and the four True Colors . The first three success characteristics are primarily Blue characteristics and pertain to communication and being open - minded . However , communication skills โ particularly being proactive in communication โ overlap with Gold characteristics , as people with strong Gold traits are planners . Sharing personal experiences overlaps with Orange characteristics ; people with the latter traits like to talk about themselves and be social . The next two success characteristics ( 4 and 5 ) are Gold and Green characteristics Table 3 . ION ' s Characteristics of Successful Online Learners and True Colors Characteristics Color ( s ) Being open minded about sharing personal and professional experiences online Blue and Orange Having good written communication skills Using proactive communication Blue and Gold Being self - motivated and self - disciplined Gold and Green Having a commitment to learning Gold and Green Having critical thinking and decision making skills Believing that quality learning is taking place in an online environment Being spontaneous The Role of Faculty To ensure commitment from the students , faculty should make an effort to create an excellent communication plan and engage students who are motivated and committed to learning . Colleen DeVine noted faculty should implement key teaching strategies to help students succeed in the online environment . 21 These strategies include being highly communicative with students , serving as a coach in the learning process , being flexible , providing continuous feedback , and developing a sense of community . Understanding students ' learning personalities can help faculty better implement these key instructional strategies . Hedges discussed personality discovery as a way to help those seeking a better understanding of self . 22 Among her suggestions were that teachers use the results of their True Colors personality assessment inventory to understand their own personality patterns , and to highlight the strengths of their own teaching styles . By understanding their own True Colors spectrum , teachers can better grasp their strengths and weaknesses and adapt their teaching accordingly . Understanding their students ' True Colors will let teachers better understand students ' learning patterns and modify the course ' s schedule and structure accordingly . When faculty understand their students ' personality trait spectrums and learning personalities , they can " more effectively communicate with students and develop activities / projects to engage all students . " 23 Students are more likely to approach a learning environment with enthusiasm when their personality traits are addressed because they feel esteemed when working or learning within their highest personality traits ( that is , their high color ) . Students will thus become engaged in the learning instead of becoming passive , disconnected learners who might drop the course or earn a failing grade . The Study : True Colors We conducted a study to expand the True Colors personality traits to online learners to better understand their success characteristics and learner personalities . Our work has implications for how educators can modify and enhance online course content and delivery to better meet students ' various learning personalities and needs , and thus provide a successful learning experience for all students . Although any instrument ' s reliability depends on the extent to which a measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials , an instrument ' s validity โ that is , it measures what it is meant to measure โ is crucial to its credibility . Judith Whichard conducted a study to determine the reliability and validity of True Colors as an accurate assessment of temperament theory , personality types , and behavioral characteristics . 24 A total of 167 students divided into seven groups participated in the study , which used three temperament instruments : MBTI ; Dominance , Influence , Steadiness , Compliance ( DISC ) ; and the True Colors word cluster . Whichard ' s study found the True Colors word cluster and MBTI both had the ability to measure personality , psychological , behavioral , and temperament characteristics . The study also showed both instruments can be used interchangeably yielding the same results , and that True Colors and DISC showed similar measures for temperament and behavior , with the exception of the dominance - orange dimension . Therefore , True Colors is viewed as an instrument that precisely assesses and defines personality traits . Our study furthers personality assessment work by investigating the True Colors personality trait spectrums and learning Methodology Our study ' s participants were undergraduate students enrolled in a Computer Business Applications online course . The course content included learning Microsoft Excel at the intermediate level and Microsoft Access at a beginning level . We asked participants to complete an online survey as an end - of - course evaluation . The survey consisted of a variety of questions about the design of the online course , communication within the course , demographics , and questions related specifically to our personality trait research . These questions included True Colors character words that students ranked from " most like Findings Table 4 below provides an overview of the demographics of the participants , which included approximately as many females ( 85 ) as males ( 90 ) . The majority of the participants ( 78 percent ) were Caucasian , and 76 percent were between the ages of 18 and 21 . Few participants were seniors as the course is typically a prerequisite in many programs of study . Table 4 . Demographics ( N = 175 ) Gender No . Ethnicity No . Age Class Rank Female 85 49 % African American 26 15 % 18 โ 19 71 41 % Freshman 48 27 % Male 90 51 % Asian 3 2 % 20 โ 21 62 35 % Sophomore 66 38 % Caucasian 138 78 % 22 โ 23 18 10 % Junior 45 26 % Latino 2 % 24 โ 25 5 3 % Senior 16 9 % Multi - Race 4 26 + 19 11 % Native American 1 1 % We asked participants to review sets of four character words related to the True Colors spectrum and rank those words from " most like me " ( 4 ) to " least like me " ( 1 ) as follows : One word must be rated " most like me " ( 4 ) . One word must be rated " more like me " ( 3 ) . One word must be rated " somewhat like me " ( 2 ) . One word must be rated " least like me " ( 1 ) . We created a web survey to provide for a 4 โ 1 rating for each set of character words , as participants could not choose the same rating ( 4 โ 1 ) for two or more words in the set . Table 5 shows an overview of the ranking of words associated with each of the model ' s four colors ( Blue , Gold , Green , and Orange ) . Table 5 . True Colors Personality Spectrum for Participants Overall ( N = 172 ) Blue Words Most Like Me More Like Me Somewhat Like Me Least Like Me Sensitive 34 20 % 37 22 % 38 22 % 64 37 % Optimistic 48 28 % 29 17 % 50 29 % 46 27 % Caring 76 44 % 49 28 % 26 15 % 22 13 % Passionate 63 37 % 53 31 % 37 20 12 % Peaceful 12 % 50 29 % 68 40 % 35 20 % Romantic 13 % 57 33 % 49 45 26 % Kind 56 33 % 51 30 % 30 17 % 36 21 % Encouraging 39 23 % 64 51 30 % 11 % Cooperative 39 23 % 62 36 % 23 Positive 88 51 % 43 25 % 10 % 14 % Overall Blue 24 % 19 % Gold Words Most Like Me More Like Me Somewhat Like Me Least Like Me Detail - oriented 41 24 % 46 38 Prepared 30 35 54 31 % 54 On task 34 40 66 38 % 33 19 % Trustworthy 100 58 % 36 21 % 9 % 21 Helpful 53 29 Punctual 77 45 % Loyal 75 44 % 56 12 7 % Reliable 82 48 % Goal - oriented 47 40 Predictable 17 70 41 % Overall Gold 25 % Green Words Conceptual 57 77 45 % Philosophical 27 16 % 89 52 % Intelligent 80 47 % Theoretical 92 53 % Complex 24 14 % 42 81 47 % Calm 32 41 43 Independent 69 40 % Logical 33 Collected 28 16 % 31 18 % 71 Analytical 28 69 Overall Green 18 % 32 % Orange Words Playful 59 34 % Energetic 42 61 35 % 44 Charming Quick witted 27 63 47 Creative Entertaining Mobile 13 8 % 59 34 % Inventive 32 61 Competitive 31 Risk taker Overall Orange In reviewing table 5 ' s data , it ' s important to understand the importance of the second color in an individuals ' True Colors spectrum . 25 The first color ( the " high color " ) is the dominant color representing the most personality characteristics that an individual has ; however , the second color represents personality characteristics that also influence behavior . When we combined the " most like me " and " more like me " columns , the overall True Colors spectrum of the online students in our study , we found that Blue was most common ( 57 percent ) , followed by Gold ( 54 percent ) , Orange ( 50 percent ) , and Green ( 40 percent ) . When using only the " most like me " ratings , Gold and Blue remained the top two colors in the spectrum , with Gold slightly higher ( 29 percent ) , followed by Blue ( 28 percent ) , Orange ( 26 percent ) , and Green ( 18 percent ) . However , Gold and Blue are again separated by only a small percentage difference , indicating that students have many personality characteristics in both colors . Green was again ranked last , with students recording the least of these personality characteristic traits . Both Gold and Blue As noted earlier , the ION ' s characteristics of successful online learners consisted mainly of Green , Gold , and Blue characteristics ( which account for seven of the eight characteristics in table 3 ) . These characteristics include open - mindedness , good written communication , proactive communication , self - motivation , self - discipline , critical thinking and decision - making skills , believing quality learning is taking place , and a commitment to learning . We also gave participants in our study the opportunity , through an open - ended statement , to indicate what they believed helped them succeed in the online course . When determining success in a course , grade distributions are often discussed . The actual grade distributions for all 218 students at the course ' s end were : A โ 70 students ( 32 percent ) B โ 60 ( 28 percent ) C โ 40 ( 18 percent ) D โ 14 ( 6 percent ) F โ 34 ( 16 percent ) In this study , we defined " success " as earning an A or B in the course . Table 6 shows the breakdown of the successful students who replied to our open - ended statement ( 106 ) , and also categorizes by color their comments ( a total of 201 ) on the factors they said impacted their success . Table 6 . Successful Students ' Comments Connected to True Colors Color Number of Comments Percent of Comments 65 32 % Table 7 shows a detailed summary of comments from successful students categorized based on the model ' s colors and organized by the number of times students mentioned the characteristic . Table 7 . Students ' Comments Categorized by Color and Frequency Student Comment No . of Times Students Made the Comment Color Color Descriptor Time management Planner Helpfulness of chapter tutorials Helpful Previous Microsoft Excel knowledge and skill Competent Working ahead 11 Planner Set deadlines , schedule , and due dates 10 Appreciates deadlines Online training 8 Independent work Learning what Excel does and knowledge gained 7 Knowledgeable Working at my own pace / ability to schedule my classwork around my work schedule 6 Appreciates freedom Communication with Dr . Crews Communicator Not procrastinating Punctual Reading the book Seeking knowledge Good with computers / technology Competent Learning what Access does and knowledge gained Knowledgeable Dr . Crews ' availability Organization Organized Case problem automatic grading with immediate feedback Appreciates immediate feedback Checking Blackboard and e - mail for communication daily / often Communication Having a friend to work with Enjoys friends Interest in learning / actually learning new things Seeking knowledge Helpfulness of the students I met in the class FAQ discussion board on Blackboard Staying on task Determined Communicating with others to get questions answered Communication Motivation 2 Motivated Initiative Motivated Planning ahead Self - discipline Independent Previous Microsoft Access knowledge and skills Step - by - step Logical Hard work and drive C Responsible Determination Determined Detailed syllabus Detail - oriented Independent work / learning Prefers independent work Dr . Crews ' helpfulness Dr . Crews ' knowledge of the course Expectations and guidelines of course Rules and procedures Course content related directly to my major ( accounting and finance ) Knowing how to deal with stress and work overload Laid back Working in my own preferred environment and not having to go to class Appreciates freedom Online lectures Prefers independent work Ability to follow directions Rules and procedures Ability to learn Pictures to guide work Visual Clarity of work instructions Past experiences Help from Google Seeks knowledge Ability to see my progress Immediate feedback Learning hands - on Physical Relaxed , no pressure environment Laid back Ability to pick up skills easily Intellectual Open labs Mobility Working in a quiet environment Needs private time My knowledge Patience Patient Devoting large chunks of time to the course Work ethic Responsible Wanting to earn an " A " in the course Intellectual The successful students ' comments indicate that Gold characteristics helped the most students succeed ( 35 percent ) , closely followed by Green ( 32 percent ) and Blue ( 24 percent ) characteristics ; Orange characteristics were the least helpful ( 9 percent ) . Therefore , the top two colors noted by their success comments were Gold and Green . These comments were provided by the students after they completed the self - assessment , ranking the trait characteristic words from " most like me " to " least like me . " In the self - assessment Implications As we described earlier , Gold , Green , and Blue personality traits best helped students succeed in this online course . Research has also shown that individuals with high Gold traits are detail oriented , responsible and have good time management skills . Those with Green traits typically possess good critical thinking skills and are knowledgeable , independent , competent and logical . Individuals with high Blue traits are optimistic , cooperative , good communicators , and appreciate helpful environments . It is interesting to note the students ' self - assessment of their personality traits differed from their comments about what they believed helped them be successful in the online course . Overall , our study participants self - assessed through a ranking of trait words and provided successful comments in the following order , from highest to lowest : Self - assessment of personality traits : Gold ( 29 % ) , Blue ( 28 % ) , Orange ( 26 % ) , and Green ( 18 % ) Success comments : Gold ( 35 % ) , Green ( 32 % ) , Blue ( 24 % ) , and Orange ( 9 % ) Students self - assessed themselves to have high Gold personality traits and also noted in their comments that these traits helped them be successful in the class . However , while students ranked Green characteristics lowest in their True Colors personality spectrum , 32 percent of the successful students who provided comments indicated those characteristics helped them succeed in the course . This points to an important concept in True Colors . The color individuals identified as " most like me " is their high color , and they have many of these personality trait characteristics ; in their low color ( ranked " least like me " ) , they have few personality trait characteristics . Most individuals have a high and a low color in the spectrum , yet some individuals have a tie , with two high or low colors or even three colors close to each other . When individuals have many personality characteristic traits ( their high color ) , they might be overwhelming or annoying to This is exactly what the successful students did with their Green characteristics in this study . They realized they had to think critically , gain more knowledge , study book content , do research , and work outside their comfort zone โ that is , outside their low color . Therefore , they pulled up their color to be successful . As Moallem noted , " It seems that in online learning environments where social interaction , collaboration and problem solving are highly emphasized , it is likely that students ' perceptions of their positive learning experience influence their motivation Recommendations Our recommendations fall into two key areas : helping students understand and draw on successful learning styles , and helping faculty design more flexible courses and assignments that play to the strengths of all of their students and thus encourage success . Helping Students Understand Successful Learning Styles Certified trainers in True Colors can help others understand their own and others ' personality trait spectrums , which can improve communication ; help people understand how to work better in teams ; develop strategies to connect with others ; and help them get along with diverse personalities . Certified trainers can work with interested groups and / or individuals . However , individuals can also access the True Colors assessment program to learn more about themselves and carefully consider how to provide content and instruction to all students . As individuals get to know themselves better and consider carefully As noted by Crews , Bodenhamer , and Weaver , " True Colors can help educators understand their students more completely and develop a classroom environment to engage all students . " Through this deeper understanding , faculty can provide for differentiated and individualized instruction providing opportunities for more valuable and effective learning experiences . When faculty understand their own True Colors personality trait spectrum , they can typically at least identify their students ' highest and lowest colors . Faculty must " fade their shade " and " pull up their color " when appropriate to meet all students ' needs . When using this model with students , two important concepts to teach them are to fade their top color so as not to overwhelm others and to pull up their low colors when doing so can help them succeed . Although it may not be practical for faculty members to understand each online student ' s True Color spectrum , they can give their online students a list of characteristics of successful students at the start of each semester . Then , at semester ' s end , they should ask students what they believe made them successful in the course . As in our case , they can do this in conjunction with the end - of - course evaluations , and then provide the results to subsequent students . Faculty can also provide suggestions and / or communication Color - Conscious Course Design It ' s important for faculty to provide a good online course โ one designed and implemented to help all students succeed in the online environment , regardless of their learning personality . This includes developing the syllabus , assignments , and projects to appeal to all four personality types . Students with high Blue personality traits need an opportunity to easily communicate with their peers and the instructor , work cooperatively , and help others . Blues can become unmotivated when their help is not appreciated or communication is stifled . Students who possess high Gold personality traits need organization , deadlines , rules , and procedures . Gold students also need to know that rules and procedures will be enforced for all students . Students who possess high Green personality traits need to be challenged , to expand their knowledge , and to understand the work they are doing has a purpose . Greens will not be motivated to learn if they believe their work is senseless and not helping them gain knowledge . Students who possess high Orange personality traits need to be able to work anywhere , anytime and be mobile , entertained , and creative in their work ; they thus often prefer the flexibility of an online class . Orange students need some structure to keep them from procrastinating throughout the semester , but too much structure can be stressful for them . In general , then , projects assigned throughout the semester should be designed with a communication component , scheduled with deadlines , and challenge students to gain knowledge , but they should also be flexible , allowing students to use creativity in completing the assignment . Specifically , faculty can organize courses to suit the strengths and needs of these four types in several of the following ways . For Blue students , faculty might design projects with a service - oriented component that allows students become more involved in the community , or develop a cooperative learning assignment in which students can work collaboratively to help each other . For Gold students , faculty should use a rubric with clear criteria and ensure learning outcomes are connected to that rubric . If a university ' s instructional design center creates the rubric , faculty members should be involved in the design ; after all , they are the ones delivering the content , assigning the project , and assessing students ' work . Gold students will also expect clear communication through a well - designed syllabus with clear - cut deadlines , rules , and procedures . Green students need the challenge of learning . They will excel when a course is designed to provide for , what they perceive as lesser assignments , weekly multiple choice quizzes to be eliminated if extensive learning is shown through a research project . For example , all students in the course may be asked to complete a research project , but there may be extra items that could be accomplished to earn extra points to take the place of the weekly quizzes . Greens will be bored and frustrated with busy work . Orange students need flexibility and the opportunity to be the center of attention . Even with a rubric , for example , you might give these students flexibility in how they produce or deliver the final product ; if a " presentation " is required , you could give students various options on how they deliver it , such as through slideshow software , video , electronic whiteboard , or any online means in which they can meet the learning objective . Flexible Course Design : Two Examples The best way to ensure students are provided with a variety of opportunities to learn within their top colors is to develop and implement assignments / projects that give students choices . To help stimulate ideas , we offer two examples . Jennifer Fogarty , a previous high school business educator , told us that when students are provided with choices to meet the project objectives , it allows them to direct their strengths to a project that meets their personality traits . As an example , suppose you assign a project that requires students to investigate and describe a specific travel destination . To meet the needs of all students , you could ask students to choose and complete three of the following six options : Create a presentation ( of your choice ) with visuals about the destination ; you can do this individually or with another student . Research the destination and write a research report . Create a map with details about the destination . Develop a detailed itinerary for the destination . Create a web page about the destination . Create a budget for a trip to the destination . Giving students these choices lets them use the strengths in their personality traits to portray the travel destination in their own way and still provide the information the project requires . A second example , developed by Jessica Miller , current business educator in the Aurora Public School System , Denver , Colorado , illustrates another way to give students flexibility in achieving learning objectives , this time in a personal finance project . In this case , students are given the choice of completing two of the following assignments : Develop a spreadsheet of monthly expenditures for your family , providing specific examples , and recommend a method for storing records safely in your home . Design and create a flyer or brochure for a financial institution that gives its customers various options for safely storing financial documents . Include advantages , disadvantages , and associated costs for each option . With one or two other students , write an original 30 - second script for an identity theft TV commercial . The script should include factual information about identity theft and ways to prevent it . Record the commercial using appropriate software . Produce a document or presentation to explain a new identification system that you have invented to replace the social security card and reduce identify theft . Again , these choices play to the strengths of the Gold , Blue , Orange , and Green personality traits , respectively . When project requirements are matched to learning objectives and to students ' strengths and personality traits , impressive work prevails . Conclusions As these examples show , general teaching strategies must be well rounded to address the needs of all different learning personalities . Instructors should engage students in the learning process , but remain organized in their lessons . Keep in mind that students who possess Blue personality traits like to help others , so group activities can help meet the needs of multiple student color types . Group projects that are well organized help Gold students and give Blue students a chance to be cooperative rather than competitive ; when such projects are designed to be active and entertaining , and Green students can be challenged if appropriately designed , as Greens see knowledge as power . Co - author Tena Crews has hopes of working toward assessing all of her online students ' True Colors through an online assessment and providing learning personality - based suggestions and communication to help her students be more successful . This will be an ongoing challenge as she will be facing approximately 400 students in the course with assistance from a part - time adjunct and a graduate assistant . Notes Gerhard Blickle , " Personality Traits , Learning Strategies , and Performance , " European Journal of Personality , vol . 10 , no . 5 , 1996 , pp . 337 โ 352 . Eunjoo Oh and Doohun Lim , " Cross Relationship Between Cognitive Styles and Learner Variables in Online Learning Environment , " Journal of Interactive Online Learning , vol . 4 , no . 1 , 2005 , pp . 53 โ 66 . Blickle , " Personality Traits , Learning Strategies , and Performance . " Oh and Lim , " Cross Relationship Between Cognitive Styles and Learner Variables , " p . 54 . Daniel W . Salter , Nancy J . Evans , and Deanna S . Forney , " A Longitudinal Study of Learning Style Preferences on the Myers - Briggs Type Indicator and Learning Style Inventory , " Journal of College Student Development , vol . 47 , no . 2 , 2006 , pp . 173 โ 184 . Patricia Hedges , " Personality Discovery : Personality Patterns in Teachers and Their Pupils Pastoral Care in Education , vol . 15 , no . 3 , 1997 , pp . 17 โ 22 . Ibid , p . 17 . Myers & Briggs Foundation , MBTI Basics , 2012 . Myers & Briggs Foundation , My MBTI Results , 2012 . Sharon M . Chambers , James C . Hardy , Brenda J . Smith , and Sarah F . Sienty , " Personality Indicators and Emergency Permit Teachers ' Willingness to Embrace Technology Journal of Instructional Psychology , vol . 30 , no . 3 ( 2003 ) , pp . 185 โ 188 . David Keirsey , Please Understand Me II ( Prometheus Nemesis Book Company , 1998 ) . True Colors Foundation , Keys to Personal Success : Facilitator ' s Guide , True Colors Publishing , 1996 . Ibid . True Colors International , What Is True Colors and What Can It Do for Me ? , 2009 . Mary Miscisin , Showing Our True Colors True Colors Publishing , 2004 . Mary Miscisin , " True Colors Reveal a Rainbow of Student Behaviors , " online article , positivelymary . com , 2005 . Tena B . Crews , Johanna Bodenhamer , and Tina Weaver , " Understanding True Colors Personality Trait Spectrum of Hotel , Restaurant , and Tourism Management Students to Enhance Classroom Instruction Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism , vol . 10 , no . 1 ( 2010 ) , pp . 22 โ 41 . Mary Miscisin , " True Colors Reveal a Rainbow . " Illinois Online Network ( ION ) , Online Education Resources : Pedagogy & Learning , ION , 2010 . Ibid . Colleen DeVine , " The Skills Both Online Students and Teachers Must Have Edudemic : Connecting Education and Technology , Mar . 27 , 2013 . Patricia Hedges , " Personality Discover y , " p . 17 - 22 . Tena B . Crews et al . , " Understanding True Colors , " p . 22 . Judith A . Whichard , " Reliability and Validity of True Colors , " presentation , True Colors International , 2006 . Tena B . Crews et al . , " Understanding True Colors , " p . 35 . Ibid . , " Understanding True Colors , " p . 25 . Mahnaz Moallem , " Accommodating Individual Differences in the Design of Online Learning Environments : A Comparative Study Journal of Research on Technology in Education , vol . 40 , no . 2 ( 2007 ) , pp . 217 โ 245 ; see p . 238 . True Colors Reveal a Rainbow of Student Behaviors . " Tena B . Crews et al . , p . 40 . Jennifer Fogarty , personal communication re : providing students choices in completing assignments and projects , April 10 , 2007 . Tena B . Crews and Jessica Miller , " Your Students ' True Colors , " presentation , South Carolina Business Education Association Conference , 2013 . Tena B . Crews et al . , " , " p . 38 . Ibid , p . 32 . ยฉ 2014 Tena B . Crews , Sradha Sheth , and Tamlyn M . Horne . 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http://ereserves.mcneese.edu/depts/archive/FTBooks/kinder.htm | A STUDY OF KINDER , LOUISIANA ( transcribed by Leora White , 2008 ) A Community Study in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Sociology 321 by Emily Shorts TABLE OF CONTENTS Historical Background Description of Allen Parish Description of Kinder Occupations Population Town Services and Facilities Government Education Religion Organizations Social Classes Health and Social Welfare Recreation Plans for Future Development Bibliography HISTORICAL BACKGROUND By the end of the Civil War , Louisiana was bankrupt . It had been the first Confederate state to be occupied , but the last to be readmitted to the union . When federal troops were withdrawn in 1877 , a new era began in the state . ( 1 ) New roads , schools and churches were built . By 1883 railroads has expanded rapidly and many sections of Louisiana , which previously had no connections with the larger industrial cities , were no longer cut off from the rest of the world . Allen Parish , which is located in southwest Louisiana , is one of the newest parishes in the state . It was originally a part of St . Landry Parish . Before 1895 , it was taken into Calcasieu Parish , but in 1912 this parish grew so large that a division was affected . The northeast sector was given the name of Allen for Hinney ( sic ) [ Henry ] Watkins Allen , a Confederate governor of Louisiana during the Civil War . Oberlin , the parish seat , is located in the center of the parish . Kinder , a small community located in the southernmost section of Allen Parish , did not come into existence until 1885 . The part of southwest Louisiana in which it is located was a wilderness with an abundance of tall pine trees . A few miles to the west flowed the Calcasieu and Whiskey Chitto Rivers . Although the area had been open to settlement for many years , it was not until plans were made to extend the railroad that any sings of inhabitation were noticed . It was the policy of the railroad company to establish stations along the route at regular intervals . Thus the designation of this particular site as the โ next โ station was responsible , at least in part , for establishing what is now known as Kinder . In 1885 Mr . Jim Kinder , a native of Mississippi , moved into this area from Lake Charles where he had been operating a saloon . He opened up a small store to satisfy the wants of the scattered settlers in the vicinity . His store came to be known as โ Kinder โ s โ , and the name of the town arose through constant usage . The first family to settle in the town was Mr . M . B . McRill , his wife and three young daughters . Mr . McRill had been living in Kansas and was a contractor who built roadbeds for the railroad . His job took him to many parts of the country , and it was during the summer of 1890 while working in this area that he became so impressed by the large forests of pine trees that he decided to move his family to the new land which beckoned to him . His wife โ s main Shortly after the McRills settled , other families followed in rapid succession . Most of the early settlers were homesteaders from the north and east . They learned of the homesteading opportunities available in this section of the country from accounts published in their newspapers . As one newspaper of the time expressed it - โ the Cajans ( sic ) did not know the value of the land so the industrious Yankees came down and settled it . โ The Frank Philbricks and their ten children arrived in the late 1800s . They left Kansas to come to this area to establish a new home where , according to Mr . Philbrick โ s brother , the soil was fertile . They lived in a tent on their 160 acres until a house could be built . Some of the settlers remember that a post office and trading post , operated by Mr . George W . Ford , was located about five or six miles from the present town site . It was called โ Burissa โ after Mr . Ford โ s wife . The hardships experienced by the early settlers were the same as those experienced by settlers of any new territory . In addition , heavy rains caused swollen rivers to inundate the low sections , and much damage was done to the makeshift homes . There were no roads and the only mode of transportation was by horseback , buggy or wagon . After the appearance of the railroad , some of the early settlers rode to Lake Charles in the caboose of the train when they had to shop for clothing . The settlers lived in makeshift homes or tents until more substantial and permanent houses could be constructed . Most of the homes were made of wood and were two - story structures , several of which are still standing and in use . The earliest industries were lumbering and turpentining . The climate and fertile soil were suitable for farming and rice was the staple crop . The settlers raised what they referred to as โ Providence โ rice . They tilled the land by ox - drawn plows , built levees , planted rice , and depended on providence for rain . There was no method or facilities for irrigation . In 1891 , the appearance of the K . C . , Watkins and Gulf Railroad contributed greatly to the development of the new community . This railroad ran from Alexandria to Lake Charles . In 1908 , the New Orleans , Texas and Mexico Railroad intersected the K . C . , Watkins and Gulf . As a result , the fast developing little community of Kinder was made the shipping center for a railroad of fifteen or twenty miles . By 1900 , Kinder was definitely on the way to becoming a town . There were a few stores ; namely , P . E . Moore โ s , J . R . Lyles โ , and Doucet โ s . In 1901 , Mr . J . T . Jordan came to Kinder as the first agent for the Watkins Railroad . The year 1903 marked the beginning of many new and important developments . It was during this year that the town was incorporated and P . E . Moore became the first mayor . The establishment of a branch of the Calcasieu Marine National Bank made possible a rapid increase in business and in the financial advancement of the community . The Kinder Canal , built by the Moore brothers was a boon to the farming industry . It was this same year that the town marked the advent of it own newspaper , the Kinder Times , owned and operated by Joe and Milton Phillips . The paper changed hands many times within the next few years . The Hutchison Hotel , a large two - story wooden structure , accommodated those who had not established residence and also furnished lodging for โ drummers , โ as the salesmen of that period were called . In 1906 a fire wiped out a large portion of the business district ; however , it was rebuilt in a short time . The financial success of Kinder was assured when the Peavy Burns Lumber Company chose it as the center of their lumber activities in 1908 . A mill was built a few miles from town and the company constructed houses at the mill site for fifty families who were in their employ . The mill was followed by the establishment of a turpentine industry . By 1910 , the population of Kinder had reached 635 . ( 2 ) Some of the names more frequently heard were : McRill , Philbrick , Davidson , Leeds , Mayes , Oden , Keys , Ratliff , Moore , Jordan and Reynolds . In 1912 , when Calcasieu Parish had been divided into four parts , Kinder was considered one of the most promising and successful little towns in the new parish of Allen . From this date is marked the real evidence of prosperity and progress - the introduction of electric lights , telephones , cement sidewalks , improved roads , water works and even a horse - drawn taxi . Several new buildings , some made of brick , were erected . The business district had enlarged and was spreading in several directions . The citizens formed a Chamber of Commerce The first automobile made its appearance in Kinder in 1914 and was owned by Dr . J . W . Mayes , Sr . A year later , a taxi service consisting of a streamlined touring car and owned by Matt Buller , was one of the most thriving businesses in town . The first radio , made and owned by Mr . H . A . Keys , made its appearance in 1921 . Early in the settlement period , the need for education was recognized and this need was satisfied by the establishment of small private grade schools , each located in a central position from as many families as possible . There were four or five of these schools in the vicinity which were available to all upon payment of a small tuition fee . The school bearing the name of Kinder School and called โ Uncle Tom โ s Cabin โ was a two - room wooden structure . It was located about two miles north of Kinder and was established The children progressed not by grades but by readers . Others subjects taught were writing , arithmetic , and geography . In 1891 , the site of Kinder becoming more thickly populated , it was decided that the school should be moved southward , closer to the main part of the community . A small one - story frame structure was erected near the present location of the Kinder Elementary School . This school was parish supported and all grades were taught by Mr . Joe Tingle . Each year the enrollment increased and by 1902 , the small school was inadequate . A frame structure of seven rooms was erected , a grade system was established , and everything pointed By 1905 , there were seven grades , ninety pupils and three teachers . By 1913 , the enrollment had risen to two hundred pupils . There were nine grades and seven teachers , and the need for an even larger school was realized . Construction of the first brick school building on the grounds of the present Kinder Elementary School was started in 1913 and completed in 1914 . The fall of 1914 , Kinder could boast of a senior high school with eleven grades . In 1915 , eight boys and girls comprised the first graduating class of In 1918 , the entire building was destroyed by fire , and classes were held in a frame structure on the school grounds for the next five years . In 1922 , the construction of the present Kinder Elementary School was completed and this brick structure served as an elementary and high school until 1961 , when the present high school was completed . The first definite religious movement in the town was the establishment of a Congregational Church in 1902 by Rev . Paul Leeds , who came to Kinder from Kansas . Up until that time religious services were held in the homes about once a month by a Methodist or Baptist minister from a neighboring town . Methodist , Catholic and Baptist churches were established within the next few years . Recreation and entertainment in the early days of the community were , for the most part , limited to church and school activities and socials . A trip into Lake Charles was considered a big event which , on most occasions , necessitated staying there overnight . Dr . Oden , who moved to Kinder from Melville in the early 1900s , was the town ' s first doctor . A short time later , Dr . J . W . Mayes , Sr . , arrived from Illinois . During the ensuing years several other doctors came ; however , none stayed for any length of time . There was never a shortage of doctors in Kinder until World War II , when Dr . Gurdon Buck , Sr . , who had been in Kinder since 1913 , was the only practicing physician . With each passing year the need for a hospital became greater , but it was not until 1947 that this need was satisfied . The Kinder Hospital , financed by five private citizens , was built by Mrs . Alma Cappel . It could accommodate ten patients and contained an operating room and x - ray equipment . It continued to operate until 1952 . In meantime a larger , more modern hospital was built by Mr . W . S . Kingrey and is operated by his daughter who is a registered nurse . In 1902 , Mr . H . A . Keys , who migrated to Kinder from London , England , opened up the first drug store and soda fountain . He hired a pharmacist from New Orleans and operated the drug store until 1909 , when he moved a short distance out of the town and opened up a โ pop โ factory . He made , bottled , and delivered soft drinks to Kinder and the surrounding area , and his factory was inspected periodically by health inspectors who came by train from the larger cities . Kinder was DESCRIPTION OF ALLEN PARISH Allen Parish , located in Southwest Louisiana , covers 750 square miles or a total land area of 496,000 acres . This area consists of the following : 95,000 acres of cropland ; 10,000 acres of permanent pasture ; 362,000 acres of wood and unimproved land ; 6,000 acres of land in homesteads ; and 1,000 acres of waste land on farms . The urban built up area and plants has 15,000 acres ; water and streams 7,000 acres . ( 3 ) According to the 1960 U.S. Census , the parish has a population of 19,867 . The population The parish is bordered by Beauregard Parish on the west ; Jefferson Davis Parish on the south ; Evangeline Parish on the east ; and Vernon and Rapides Parishes on the north . Allen Parish is rich in natural resources , the chief one being timber . At one time the timber was almost depleted ; however , by a system of reforestation that is being conducted , it has again become the major source of revenue . Eighty per cent of the economy of the parish comes from forestry and forestry products . There is one large sawmill that produces not only lumber , but also prefabricates furniture . Several smaller sawmills are scattered throughout the parish . There is one major paper mill and a major naval stores plant . By The soils of Allen Parish are classified as coastal plain soils . The agriculture of the parish is divided into two groups of farming operations . One group is classified as full - time farmers and are located in the southern part of the parish . The other group is classified as part - time farmers and are located in the northern part of the parish . According to the 1960 Census , there are only 767 farms in the parish , averaging 195 acres per farm . The trend toward fewer and larger farms is apparent , since the Several oil fields have been established in the parish and there is much activity in exploration , drilling and production of oil , gas , and distillate . Several interstate pipelines cross the parish and draw natural resources from it . The West Bay Game Refuge is located sixteen miles northwest of Kinder and includes 18,380 acres of upland hardwood and pine forest land which is on long lease to the state . Since 1949 this refuge has been stocked with deer , turkey , squirrel and quail . The Bear Creek Watershed , the first of the drainage projects completed in the parish , is located in the Reeves community and consists of three water retention dams and seven miles of drainage ditches . It drains approximately 6,000 acres , a great portion of which is rice land . Besides providing drainage and protection from flooding , it offers recreational facilities such as fishing , boating and swimming . The Bayou Blue Gravity Drainage District is still in the planning stage and is to be located in the eastern sector of the parish . The purpose of these DESCRIPTION OF KINDER Kinder , the second largest community in Allen Parish , is situated at the crossroads of Southwest Louisiana . Located in the southernmost section of the parish , Kinder is within a fifty mile radius of the cities of Lake Charles , Jennings , Opelousas , Crowley , DeRidder and Oakdale . Kinder is interested by two major U . S , Highways - U.S. 165 running north and south , and U.S. 190 running east and west ; connecting New Orleans and Baton Rouge with Beaumont and Houston ; and Alexandria with Lake Charles and other coastal cities . The Missouri Pacific Railroad also intersects at Kinder , running east and west , and north and south . Because of the intersection of these major transportation routes , Kinder is considered one of the best located communities in Southwest Louisiana , and is a natural hub for both freight and passenger The town of Kinder is a rural farm community approximately one and one half square miles in area , encompassing nine hundred acres . The community extends beyond the corporate boundaries of the town to include surrounding farms - some as far as six miles outside the city limits . According to the 1960 Census , the town of Kinder has a population of 2 , 299 , composed primarily of people of French ancestry . OCCUPATIONS Natural resources are abundant in and around the community of Kinder . During the early settlement period , timber was the major source of revenue and occupation . After most of the timber had been cleared , farming became and still is the leading industry . Rice is the chief crop . The Kinder area rice crop was worth $ 1,400,000.00 for the year 1961 . Six thousand acres were planted in rice at an average of seventeen barrels produced per acre . The Kinder Rice Dryer has storage for approximately 80,000 barrels in bulk and approximately 10,000 barrels in Each year more idle farm land is being seeded to improve pasture use to graze cattle and for hay production . Beef cattle production is a very important industry in this area : and if the improved pasture practice continues , as in all probability it will , cattle production will be greatly increased . The majority of the farmers in Kinder are full - time farmers . The trend is toward larger and fewer farms . The average farmer employs about four or five men . Mechanization enables the farmer to plant and harvest his crops more efficiently and The young people do not follow the occupation of their fathers to the extent that they did twenty years ago . There are several reasons for this , one of which is the present trend in agriculture toward larger and fewer farms . All the land which is suitable for farming is already in use . Government controls reducing acreage have discouraged some . Because of the trend toward highly mechanized farming , fewer hands are needed on the farm . The Future Farmers of America program which was instituted in the Kinder High School curriculum in 1939 was discontinued There are several industries related to agriculture in the Kinder area . One is a commercial irrigation system known as the Kinder Canal Company . This company employs about ten people . The Kinder Rice Dryer furnishes year round employment to five people , and during the harvest season 215 . The Louisiana State Rice Milling Company of Kinder employs five people . There are three dairies in Kinder owned and operated by private citizens . The largest of the three sells approximately 180,000 pounds of milk to one of the large dairy companies in Lake Charles . There are There are several industries related to forestry and forestry products in the Kinder area . The Savant Lumber Company is located nine miles southwest of Kinder and employs ten men . The International Paper Company maintains a pulpwood receiving station four miles north of the town , handling millions of tons of pulpwood annually for the production of paper products . They employ six men . The Bel Estate and Quatre Parish Land Company has 75,000 acres of rice and timber land in the area . They sell wood products and lease the rice land to tenant farmers . They There are several oil and gas companies in the Kinder area . The Tennessee Gas Transmission Company has a compressor station three and one half miles south of Kinder which employs twenty - two people . The company also maintains a pipeline maintenance district in Kinder with four employees . The annual payroll for these area employees is $ 230,000 . The Hunt Oil Company has a gasoline cracking plant one mile north of Kinder which produces butane , propane , and natural gasoline . The plant capacity is twenty four million cubic feet of gas per day . They The Gifford - Hill Company and the Witte Gravel Company are the two large gravel companies which are located southwest of Kinder . They have a yearly potential of 3,995,200 tons of sand and gravel . They employ 103 people at a yearly payroll of $ 575,000.00 . Sand and gravel deposits are plentiful and it is likely that the pits will operate for many years . Two small ready - mix concrete plants are located in Kinder , and two lumber and building supply companies are located within the city limits . Businesses in Kinder include : 3 drugstores , 2 clothing stores , 1 dress shop , 10 groceries , 1 variety store , 3 automobile agencies , 2 insurance offices , 2 furniture stores , 1 hardware store , 2 jewelry stores , 1 farm equipment and supply company , 1 feed store , 3 auto and home supply shops , 4 gasoline bulk companies , 15 service stations , 6 restaurants , 3 motels , 2 meat markets , 1 flower shop , 1 fabric shop , 1 ice house , 1 fruit market , and 10 bars . The rate of unemployment in the Kinder area is about the same as that of the national average . Each Tuesday at a scheduled hour , a representative from the Lake Charles Unemployment Office comes to the VFW Hall in Kinder to facilitate the filing of claims for the unemployed in the area . During the 1962 October - November period , there were thirty claims filed for unemployment compensation . The majority of these were construction workers . There is more unemployment among construction workers and farm helpers than in any other groups . The period of heaviest unemployment POPULATION Allen Parish contains five wards and five incorporated towns - Oakdale , population 6,618 ; Kinder , population 2,299 ; Oberlin , population1 , 794 ; Elizabeth , population 1,030 ; and Reeves , population 151 . The population of the entire parish in 1950 was 18,835 , which was an increase of 7.4 % over the 1940 census . During the ten year period from 1950 to 1960 the total population of the parish increased 1,032 or 5.5 % . The 5.5 % overall population increase was largely urban . In 1960 the total population of the parish was On the next two pages are age - sex pyramids showing the composition of the population of Allen Parish and of the town of Kinder as to age and sex . According to the 1960 Census , there are 9,852 males and 10,015 females in the parish . The median age is 24.3 years . The parish has six white and three Negro high schools , one separate white elementary school , and one separate Negro elementary school . The 1962 parish school enrollment was 961 white and 357 Negro high school students ; and 2,845 white , and 1,066 Negro elementary school students . According to the 1950 Census , the median school year completed for all the population in the parish was 6.9 . For the Negro population in 1960 , it was 4.6 . The percentage of persons between fourteen and seventeen years of age who are in school is 80.1 percent A breakdown of the 1960 parish population figure of 19,867 , as to race composition shows that of this total , 4,938 or 25 percent are Negro . The total population for the town of Kinder during 1960 was 2,299 of which 418 or 22.2 percent are Negro . Below are pie charts showing race composition in the parish and in Kinder . The earliest census known for the community of Kinder was in 1910 when the population was 635 . During the next fifty years the population had grown to 2,299 . A bar chart showing the increase in population since 1910 is shown on the following page . Of the total population of the town , 1,881 are white and 418 are Negro . The sex ratio is 95.5 . There are three schools in Kinder - one high school for the white students which has an enrollment of 373 ; one elementary school for the white students with an enrollment of 517 , and a combination elementary and high school for Negro students with an enrollment of 406 . The number of households in Kinder in 1960 was 574 white and 115 Negro . The average number of children per family is three . The largest number of children in a family is fifteen . A large portion of the population are of French ancestry . Many of them speak the Cajan ( sin ) dialect , some almost entirely . There are approximately 500 births in the area each year ; however , this total includes people outside the community and even outside of Ward 2 . A chart showing the 1960 marital status of the male and femal e population on Kinder is shown on below . TOWN SERVICES AND FACILITIES The town of Kinder owns and operates its own water system . Natural gas is supplied by the United Gas Company , and electricity is supplied by Central Louisiana Electric Company . The telephone system is handled by Southwestern States Telephone Company . The Kinder Volunteer Fire Department has two pumper trucks and one panel truck . Both pumper trucks are fully equipped with fire fighting equipment and with fireman โ s helmets , coats , boots and gas masks . The panel truck carries a 115 volt generator with flood lamps , complete first aid kit , resuscitator , oxygen and additional fire fighting equipment . Each unit is equipped with two - way radio on the fireman โ s frequency and on the sheriff โ s frequency . The twenty - six volunteers are all trained in fire fighting and rescue The Kinder Library is a branch of the Allen Parish Library . It is located in the Cappel Memorial Building and is open five days a week . A $ 200,000.00 government low - rent housing project consisting of 16 units was completed in 1961 . This is a federal project which will pay for itself in 40 years at which time ownership will revert to the town . These units are well constructed , brick buildings of modern design . An application has been made for 16 additional units and also for 12 low - rent units for the aged . Also completed in 1961 , was the housing project in the Negro section of town which consists of four units . During the past year almost all of the streets within the city limits have been blacktopped , and the main streets have been widened . New street lights have been installed . GOVERNMENT The local government consists of a mayor council form with elections every four years . Activities of the government take place in a newly constructed $ 40,000 city hall and jail . Kinder elects a town marshal and appoints two deputies who are on duty 24 hours a day , working out of a radio equipped office in the city hall . The town council meets every Monday night at 7 o โ clock . The town officials are chiefly small business men of average intelligence . Most of them have had a high school education , but none have attended any higher institution of learning . There is not as much cooperation among the city officials as there should be in order to have a really effective government in the community . A study of the council voting records shows that two of the council members vote together on almost all issues , and in most cases it is to take the opposite position of that taken by the mayor . It is believed The town employs one man who works on an annual basis . His job is to keep the town property cleaned and mowed and do other maintenance work . The town does not have a working budget . Finances are obtained from taxes , licenses and fines for traffic violations . The fines collected are sufficient to maintain the police department completely . There is only one known registered Republican in Kinder . In national elections , the citizens tend to vote for the man rather than the party . There is no sewer system in Kinder - a condition which many feel is responsible for the lack of growth of the town . Many efforts have been made in past years to institute a sewer system , but after a time , those who initiated the move became discouraged and dropped the project . Recently , a new effort has been made and progress toward this long hoped for goal is encouraging . The Regional Planning Commission has undertaken the sewer project as one of their goals . According to a report in the Crossroads Examiner , local weekly paper , on October 25 , 1962 , Kinder was awarded a federal grant for a detailed survey of a sewer system for the city . The survey , which is being mapped by the Planning Commission , is a preliminary step in the sewer project , which is estimated at $ 560,000.00 . The town of Kinder has no system for disposing of garbage . Most of the citizens burn their garbage in large metal barrels or trash burners which are emptied about twice a month by privately contracted junk haulers . All garbage and rubbish is taken to the city dump . A law office is maintained full time by an attorney who commutes from his home in Oakdale , La . This attorney has taken an interest in community affairs and has been an asset to the community . EDUCATION The new Kinder High School , a modern brick structure , was completed in 1961 . It is located one mile southwest of the town on the Indian Village Road . It was built at a cost of $ 500,000.00 and can accommodate 500 students . The present enrollment is 373 . Students in grades seven through twelve attend this school . Of the 373 enrolled , 212 are in high school and 161 are in junior high school . In addition to the basic courses of English , Mathematics , Social Studies and the Sciences , the curriculum now Each year an increasing number of graduates attend some higher institution of learning after leaving high school . Fourteen of the thirty five who graduated in 1959 enrolled in higher institutions of learning . In 1960 , twenty of the forty - two who graduated enrolled in higher institutions of learning . In 1961 , forty - six graduates , the largest class in the history of the school , received their diplomas . Of this number , twenty - five , or over half , enrolled in higher institutions of learning . All of the sixteen high school teachers The Kinder Elementary School , formerly known as Kinder High School , was built in 1921 at a cost of $ 72,000.00 . It can accommodate 800 students and until 1961 was used as both an elementary and high school . There have been several additions and many improvements to the school which is now valued at $ 450,000.00 . The present enrollment is 517 and includes students in grades one through six . Of the eighteen teachers , all have certificates from the State Accreditation Board except four . These four teachers are working toward their degree by attending Until 1961 there was a Special Education class in which retarded or very slow learners were enrolled . It was discontinued for several reasons . There were only seven in the class ; there were not enough teachers , and the program was ineffective to a certain extent . At least 50 percent of the parents in the community are very interested in their children โ s education . About 20 percent are reasonably interested ; 20 percent are fairly interested ; 5 percent are not interested at all , and 5 send their children to school only to comply with the compulsory attendance law . Of the cases of truancy reported to the Truant Officer , now know as the Visiting Teacher , no action was taken nor was any investigation made . The compulsory attendance law is not enforced in Allen Parish as it is in the neighboring parishes of Jefferson Davis and Calcasieu . While truancy does not present a great problem , it could be completely abolished with more cooperation . The average attendance for the elementary school is about 95 percent . There are two sections of town in which the Negro population live . One , know as the โ Frisco Quarters โ , is beyond the railroad tracks on the north end of town . The other is known as the โ New Quarters , โ and is beyond the " Frisco Quarters " in the northeastern part of town . The Negro elementary and high school , known as Carver High School , is located in the New Quarters and is a modern well constructed building valued at $ 200,000.00 . This school was completed in 1950 , and There is no truancy problem at Carver High School at the present time . The only school organizations are the New Homemakers of America and the School Band . There is no Parent Teachers organization because of a lack of interest on the part of the parents . Of the 30 students who graduated in 1962 , 15 enrolled in higher institutions of learning . Most of the Negro graduate attend Grambling College which is a Negro college located about six miles north of Ruston , La . A few go to McNeese State College . There is no employment The total capital outlay for maintaining the three Kinder schools for 1961 - 1962 was $ 52,000.00 . The total 1961 - 1962 payroll for the 50 teachers and 3 principals was $ 320,000.00 . RELIGION The first definite religious move in Kinder was the building of a Congregational Church in 1902 by Rev . Paul Leeds . The following year the Congregational parsonage was erected next to the church building . Rev . Leeds served as pastor of this church until his death in 1958 . The Congregational Church has 165 members at the present time . Church organizations include : Senior Ladies Aid , Junior Ladies Aid , Men for Christ Club , Senior Christ Endeavor Group , Junior Christ Endeavor Group , and Choir . All groups are active . The St . Phillip Neri Catholic Church was built in 1913 . In 1960 , it was moved from its original location to another section of the church property to make room for the newly constructed church . The new St . Phillip Neri Church is a large , brick structure which is completely air - conditioned . It is the newest and most attractive church building in Kinder . The Roman Catholic Church has a membership of 1,500 including those who live in the fringe areas of the community . There is no separate Catholic Church for the Negroes The Baptist Church has a membership of 305 . The pastor is a newcomer to Kinder . Organizations of the church include : Women โ s Missionary Society , Young Women โ s Association , Girls Auxiliary , Royal Ambassadors , The Sunbeams , Choir and Sunday School Groups . The Methodist Church has a membership of 174 . The pastor is a newcomer to the community . Church organizations include : Sunday , Women โ s Society for Christian Service , Methodist Youth Foundation , Official Board , and Choir . There was only one Pentecostal Church in Kinder until about two years ago when a part of the congregation of the First Pentecostal Church broke away and formed another church known as Faith Tabernacle . Some attribute the break to a dispute which arose during a local election ; however , whether or not this is the real cause is not known . The First Pentecostal Church has a membership of 187 and almost 100 percent participation in all services and church activities . Church organizations include : Ladies Auxiliary , Foreign and Home Missions , Young People โ s The Church of Christ has a membership of 50 . There is no resident pastor . A minister from Dequincy conducts services weekly . There are no organizations other than the Board of Deacons and the Sunday School Groups . Most of the churches hold socials throughout the year . Many of these socials are attended by members of other churches ; however , this is not true of the Pentecostal Church whose members usually do not participate in or attend the function of any other church . Of the three separate Negro churches , the largest is the First Baptist with a membership of 83 . Church organizations are : Deacons and Deaconesses , Sunday School Groups , Choir , Mission , Pulpit Committee and the Board of Ushers . The second largest group is the Mount Zion Baptist Church with a membership of 54 . The church organizations in this group are : Sunday School Groups , Board of Ushers , Mission , Choir , and Deacons and Deaconesses . The third church is Hannah โ s Chapel which is a Methodist church with a membership The relationship between members of the various churches in the community is good . About the only time that relations between the different groups are the least bit strained is when the question of religion in injected into a political campaign . No religious group influences the policy of any of the other institutions in the community . ORGANIZATIONS There are several organizations and clubs in Kinder . Of the civic organizations , the Rotary Club is the most active and long lasting . The members include business and professional men . There is almost 100 percent attendance at all meetings . They have several worthwhile projects . The Junior Chamber of Commerce was organized about two years ago and is composed of business and professional men under 35 years of age . This group is active and has sponsored several worthwhile projects , the more recent one being the polio oral vaccine drive . The Veterans of Foreign Wars organization is not as active as it once was . The Spade and Hope Garden Club has been very active and has sponsored several projects which have benefited the community , one of which is the Cleanest City Contest . Members of the Garden Club landscaped the lawn of the new City Hall , and are enthusiastically endorsing a city beautification program which is in the planning stage . Other organizations in the community are : Woodmen of the World , Boy Scouts of America , and the Parent Teachers Association , all of which Fraternal organizations are Knights of Columbus and the Masonic Lodge , both of which are active . There is also an Eastern Star organization . The Negro population has its own clubs and organizations , among which are the Masonic , Knights of Pythians and Courts of Calanthe . They also have the Order of the Eastern Star . SOCIAL CLASSES By making use of certain objective indices such as type of house , dwelling area , occupations , source of income , and education , the class structure of the community of Kinder can be divided into four groups Class I is composed of the families whose heads are leaders in business and professional pursuits in the community , and the large land owners . This group includes individuals who belong to more organizations , who live in the better residential areas , and who are well - to - do . Many in this group have a college education . This class can be equated to the upper middle class . This class comprises approximately 15 percent of the white population . Class II is composed of the smaller business men , white collar workers , the smaller farmers , and some skilled workers . The adults in this group are predominantly high school graduates . They live comfortably in good residential sections . This class can be equated to the lower middle class and comprises 30 percent of the white population . Class III consists of semi - skilled workers . Its adult members have finished elementary school but have not completed high school . Its members comprise about 45 percent of the white population and about 15 percent of the Negro population . Their residences can be found in many parts of town , but one entire section , known locally as โ Te Mamou , โ is inhabited by them . Social life is more or less centered in the family . There is little or no participation in local affairs . None of the adults are members of civic Class IV consists of unskilled workers and farm laborers . Educationally most of the members of this class have not completed elementary grades and some have had no formal education at all . Their residences are poorly constructed frame buildings . Included in this class is approximately 85 percent of the Negro population and 10 percent of the white population , many of whom are on public welfare . HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE Dating back to the early settling period , Kinder has never been without a resident physician . During World War II , when the shortage of doctors was felt in many sections throughout the nation , Dr . Gurdon Buck was the only practicing physician in the Kinder area . Shortly after the end of the war two other physicians , both general practitioners , established residence in Kinder . In 1957 , still another general practitioner moved to Kinder . For several years before his death in 1961 , Dr . Buck had limited his practice considerably . At the present time there are three resident physicians in Kinder , two of whom are associated in general practice , the other practicing on an individual basis . All three of the doctors are under 45 years of age . They serve an area approximately 25 miles in diameter . At least one of the doctors is on call at all times . They have modern and adequate office facilities . The three physicians combined see an average of 130 patients a day . The Kinder Hospital is a twenty - bed , privately owned hospital with modern x - ray and laboratory facilities , diagnostic devises , operating room , and obstetrical delivery room . There is an average of 750 medical and surgical admissions , and 500 babies delivered annually in this hospital . Very little major surgery is done here . The owner of the hospital is a very capable registered nurse . Her living quarters are attached to the hospital . She acts in the following capacities : administrator , supervisor , head nurse and anesthetist . The hospital staff The two dentists that live in Kinder have modern brick offices and are equipped to handle all dental procedures . Both are under 45 years of age . An optometrist , who resides in Jennings , holds office hours in Kinder four days a week in an office with complete diagnostic equipment . The Allen Parish Public Health Department does not have a physician director at the present time . There are two public health nurses to carry out the health program throughout the entire parish . One nurse covers the Oakdale area and the northern part of the parish ; the other takes care of Oberlin , Reeves and Kinder and the southern portion of the parish . The nurse for the southern part of the parish holds a clinic in Kinder each Tuesday morning in a special office in the City Hall . Her services include conducting the well - baby The general health of the community of Kinder is considered only fairly good - a rather poor rating which can be partially attributed to the large number of indigents , the low median income and ignorance . When these factors are present , disease is usually prevalent . Those more common are impetigo and related skin conditions , and conditions related to poor oral and personal oral and personal hygiene . The heavy or starchy type of diet that is common among these groups leads to obesity , which in many cases , predisposes to poor health . A full time Sanitation Engineer inspects food handling establishments each month . Inspections also include dairies and sources of public water supply . The number of Welfare cases in Allen Parish is 1,516 , which is 7.6 percent of the total population . The Parish Welfare Department office is a new modern brick building located in Oberlin , the parish seat . It serves the entire parish and is staffed by a director , seven welfare visitors , and one case supervisor , all of whom have college degrees in social work . Also employed in the Welfare Office are four clerical workers and one commodity department worker who helps handle surplus foods . These surplus foods come under the jurisdiction of the The Welfare Department operates under three budgets - Old Age Assistance , Aid to Needy Blind , and the third includes all other cases . The type of assistance administered by the State Welfare Department are : Old Age Assistance of which there are 178 cases in Allen Parish ; Aid to Needy Blind - 17 cases ; Aid to Dependant Children - 183 cases ; Disability Assistance ( permanent total ) - 143 cases ; General Assistance - 95 cases ; and a relatively new type of aid which is known as Medical Assistance to the Aged . The RECREATION Kinder has a city park with picnic tables , barbeque pits , and playground equipment . The town also maintains a Little League baseball park , and it โ s lighted for night games . The summer baseball program has four Little League teams , four pony league teams , four girl softball teams , and four adult softball teams . The program is administered by a board of directors and volunteer coaches . The school athletic program furnishes much of the recreation and has quite a large , enthusiastic following . Many school functions throughout the year furnish entertainment and recreation for the adults as well as the students . All school functions are well attended . There is one moving picture theater in Kinder and it features some of the more recent movies . A dance is held each Saturday night at the Knights of Columbus Hall for the young people in the area . A small band is sometimes featured . This social is well chaperoned . Socials sponsored by the different fraternal , civic , religious , and school organizations provide year round entertainment . Hunting and fishing in the area are excellent . Some of the music lovers in the community attend concerts and Little Theater productions in neighboring cities occasionally . A need for additional recreational facilities is felt by the citizens of Kinder . The nearest swimming pool is in Welsh which is 23 miles away . A project of the Regional Planning Commission to aid in establishing a Recreational District for Ward 2 in which Kinder is located , has recently been approved by the Allen Parish Police Jury . A Recreation Commission , consisting of five prominent citizens of Kinder , has been appointed by the Police Jury . PLANS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT The Kinder Planning Commission was created in December 1961 . In July 1962 , it was recognized by the Allen Parish Police Jury and was renamed the Regional Planning Commission . The commission is composed of five members , two of whom are appointed by the Police Jury and three by the town council and mayor of Kinder . Prior to the creation of the commission there were no building codes , zoning regulations , electrical or plumbing codes . Soon after its creation , the commission adopted the National Building Code along with the National Plumbing and Electrical Codes BIBLIOGRAPHY General References โ Louisiana , โ The World Book , 1960 , vol . 11 , p . 432 . Bureau of the Census , Wash . , D.C . Economic Development Program , Allen Parish , La . , 1960 . Footnotes 1 . โ Louisiana , โ The World Book , 1960 , vol . 11 , p . 432 . 2 . Bureau of the Census . 3 . Economic Development Program of Allen Parish , La . , 1960 4 . Ibid . Materials in Archives and Special Collections Department do not circulate . Library Home Page | Archives Home Page | Archives Collection Page Copyright 2004 McNeese State University | [
"KINDER , LOUISIANA",
"HISTORICAL BACKGROUND",
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http://ergonomics.about.com/od/car/ss/adjusting_the_drivers_seat.htm | Science , Tech , Math Social Sciences How to Properly Adjust the Driver ' s Seat by Chris Adams Updated April 28 , 2018 Sitting properly and comfortably in the driver ' s seat is an important part of car safety . A seat that does n ' t offer enough leg room or back support , or a seat that sits at the wrong height , can cause poor posture , discomfort , and a lack of control โ all of which increase the likelihood of an accident on the road . For proper seating , there are several factors to consider : seat tilt , angle , and height ; leg room ; and lumbar support . These can all be adjusted 01 of 05 Leg Room Driver ' s Seat Adjustment - Leg Room . Chris Adams , copyright 2010 , Licensed to About . com Adjusting the driver ' s seat in your car for proper leg room is easy . Your legs should not be scrunched up , nor should you have to reach with them to use the pedals . Slide the seat to a position where your thigh is relaxed and supported , and where you can operate the pedals with just your foot . You should be able to pick up your foot when operating the pedals without any discomfort . When you are sitting in the driver ' s seat , your knees should be slightly bent . Locking your knees can reduce circulation and may lead to you becoming woozy or even passing out . Your legs and pelvis should have ample room to move and shift position without detracting from your driving . This will relieve pressure points and keep blood circulating during long drives . Staying in a cramped position for too long may lead to health problems such as deep vein thrombosis . 02 of 05 Seat Tilt Driver ' s Seat Adjustment - Seat Tilt . Chris Adams , copyright 2010 , licensed to About . com One aspect that is often overlooked when adjusting the driver ' s seat is the tilt of the seat . Proper adjustment increases the ergonomics of your driving posture and makes things a lot more comfortable . Tilt the seat so that it supports your bottom and your thighs evenly . You do n ' t want pressure points at the end of the seat . If possible , make sure that your thighs extend past the seat so that it does not touch the back of your knees . 03 Seat Angle Driver ' s Seat Adjustment - Back Angle . Chris Adams , copyright 2010 , licensed to About . com While many people do adjust the angle of the seat before they drive , many do it improperly . It is easy to leave the seat in a position that is too relaxed or too extreme for best driving . Recline the back between 100 - 110 degrees . This angle supports your upper body while maintaining an upright and attentive posture . If you do n ' t have a huge protractor handy , recline the seat so that your shoulders are no longer in line with your hips but are solidly behind them . 04 Seat Height Driver ' s Seat Adjustment - Seat Height . Chris Adams , copyright 2010 , licensed to About . com Many people do not even realize that you can adjust the height of the driver ' s seat . Doing so can dramatically improve your driving ergonomics and comfort . Raise the seat so that you have a good view out the windshield , but not so high that your legs will interfere with the steering wheel . Once you have adjusted the seat height , you may need to readjust your leg room . 05 Lumbar Support Driver ' s Seat Adjustment - Lumbar Support . Chris Adams , copyright 2010 , licensed to About . com Lumbar support for your lower back can be a saving grace during long drives , or during drives of any length if you suffer from back pain . If your car seat does not have integrated lumbar support , you can buy a strap - on cushion . Adjust the lumbar support so that the curve of your spine is evenly supported . Make sure not to overdo it . You want a gentle , even support , not one that will push your spine into an S - shape . | [
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http://ergonomics.about.com/od/kitchen/f/toe_kick.htm | Science , Tech , Math Social Sciences What Is the Purpose of a Cabinet Toe Kick ? Illustration of a base cabinet toe kick . Chris Adams by Chris Adams Updated March 01 , 2019 A Matter of Ergonomics Ergonomics is the study of human efficiency and comfort in a working or living environment . Ergonomics is of great concern in the workplace , but it is also an issue in residential construction , where dozens of different design standards are aimed at making the rooms of a home more comfortable and safer for family members . Home ergonomics is of particular concern in the kitchen , since this is a primary workplace and a space where people spend a great deal of time . Apart from the kitchen work triangle , the toe kick space beneath base cabinets may be one of the most important ergonomic elements in your kitchen design . The importance of the toe kick space in base cabinets holds for cabinets in other locations , as well - - such as bathrooms , laundries and home offices . What is a Toe Kick ? A toe kick is a notch - shaped recess at the bottom front of a base cabinet . It provides a recess for your feet so you can get slightly closes to the countertop . This improves your balance , and also reduces the fatigue that would result if you were forced to reach across a countertop to work . Without a toe kick , users typically find themselves standing well back from a base cabinet in order to avoid stubbing the toes , a posture that leads to leaning over and putting considerable strain on the back , shoulders posture issues . The answer is a very simple design alteration โ a small notch at the bottom of the cabinet that allows you to move slightly closer to the countertop . The toe kick is typically only 3 inches deep and about 3 1 / 2 inches high , yet it makes a huge difference in the comfort of using your countertop . Although toe kicks are not required by building codes , they are a traditional design standard followed by manufacturers and tradesmen . As a result , you will find toe kicks on virtually every factory - manufactured cabinet sold , and woodworkers or carpenters building custom cabinetry will always follow typical design standards for the shape and size of toe kicks in base cabinets . | [
"Toe Kick",
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"reduces the fatigue"
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http://eric-rph.blogspot.com/2011/01/getting-paid-for-mtm-services.html | Eric , Pharmacist Tuesday , January 25 , 2011 Getting paid for MTM services Getting paid for MTM services . . . . .page 42 . That was on the cover of the most recent Pharmacy Today . When I saw that , I heard the angels singing . Finally , an article about getting reimbursed for medication therapy management services . Perhaps some insight in how to sign up as a provider with a medical insurance company . Personally , I ' ve been trying to get contracted with the major insurers in my area for over a year with little success . This article could be the holy grail for those of us who want to attempt to provide MTM services as a stand - alone business . Finally something from the APhA that tells us how to make some money , rather than just telling us that our services are valuable and save the health care system in the long run . I sat down to read the article during my lunch hour , legal pad at my side to jot down notes . I had been looking forward to reading this since I received the Pharmacy Today issue in my mailbox a couple days ago . After reading the article I can tell you this . . . do n ' t bother reading it . Not a darn thing . False advertising . Posted by Eric Durbin , RPh at 12 : 19 AM Email This BlogThis ! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest 9 comments : pharmacy chick said . . . Honestly Eric , there is n ' t much in pharmacy today . .its like the People mag of pharmacy . I know how much MTM means to you so I hope that one of these days , this " holy grail " will come to you . January 25 , 2011 at 1 : 14 PM Frantic Pharmacist said . . . I am forever disappointed in those magazines . Biggest waste of paper ever . The titles always look promising - - and it ends there . January 25 , 2011 at 2 : 46 PM bulldog we do mtm almost daily in my store using outcomes , and are paid well . Problem with doing it as a stand alone is just not enough hours in the day . Also , in our state you must do the full mtm ( may be done once a year / patient ) for $ 50 , then follow up to see what changes you recommended have been ok ' d by dr , these interventions can then be billed seperately , and then we can bill any subsequent recommendations , changes , interventions etc , usually these are February 11 , 2011 at 11 : 15 PM Anonymous said . . . IANARPh and I ' d gladly pay for this , especially since my insurance company ' s generic copays are so ludicrously high that I have rxs filled at 3 different pharmacies ( and mail in the couple that are cheaper going through the PBM ) . I used to be able to get 90 day fills at my local pharmacy , and I miss the comfort level of having pharmacists I know look out for me . I would pay cash for this service February 15 , 2011 at 6 : 07 PM Eric , RPh Anon from 2 - 15 @ 6 : 07 Shoot me an email and I ' ll send you a link to connect you to a pharmacist who can help you . If you are from Ohio , I ' ll take care of you myself . February 15 , 2011 at 9 : 21 PM Kristine Ashcraft I work at Genelex - we are a leading provider of pharmacogenetic testing services and even provide interpretive software that shows the impact of all the meds and genes on AUC so dose or drug adjustments can be made . The problem - most docs do n ' t have a clue or do n ' t have the time . We have patients willing to pay cash for consults as well . If any pharmacists are trained or willing to learn to help with this , I ' d love to talk to them . kristine @ genelex . com March 4 , 2011 at 4 : 50 PM Anonymous said . . . And that is why I am no longer an APhA member . Waste of money with no return on investment ! ! ! January 24 , 2013 at 5 : 54 PM Eric , if you have insight on billing for MTMs ( especially in California ) , I ' d like to pick your brain . I ' m already using Outcomes but they only work with Humana and that REALLY limits my ability to use their program . I ' m also going to attend an APhA certificate program in hopes it will help me in the MTM arena . Any help you could give in regards to billing would be fabulous . Thank you ! January 24 , 2013 at 6 : 01 PM Dave I am in NY and looking to try and do this pretty much as a stand alone service . But I will be within a nursing agency . Technically , being there could provide a stream of clients . What I am looking to find out is who deals with Outcomes , Mirixa and PharmMD . . .overall how is the reimbursement ? Is it just Medicare they deal with ? I am not sure at this point that the service is viable on its own per unless like it was stated earlier . . .you are seeing a lot May 15 , 2013 at 9 : 03 AM Post a Comment Newer Post Older Post Home Subscribe to : Post Comments ( Atom ) About Me Eric Durbin , RPh I ' m a pharmacist . After 16 years as a community pharmacist , I have moved on to become the pharmacy director at a critical access hospital . I ' ve been on the hospital side for three years now and no matter where we work , there are issues that we deal with . I ' m going to share my thoughts on issues that I think will help to advance the profession . View my complete profile Check this out Rx Savings Pages Home Followers Search This Blog Subscribe To Posts Comments | [
"ERIC , PHARMACIST"
] |
http://ericbrahinsky.com/frost.html | Robert Frost , probably the greatest American poet of the twentieth century , began his life not in the hills of New England where most of his life would be spent , but in the booming town of San Francisco . The date : March 24 , 1874 . Robert Frost had a hard childhood , mainly because of the ways of his father , who was inclined to gambling , drinking , and chain smoking . The Frost family had to fight for every cent , but it was during this time of virtual poverty that little Rob learned lessons that proved invaluable to his later life . When Rob was ten , his father died of tuberculosis . William Frost had been only 34 years old , and the entire family was grieved at his death . At that time , May , 1885 , the remainder of the family moved across the country to Lawrence , Massachusetts to live with Rob ' s father ' s parents . But the grandparents ruled the household with an iron hand and the transplanted Frosts could not stand it . So Mrs . Frost got a job teaching at a school in nearby Salem , New Hampshire , and she earned enough money there to buy a small lodging - house . Meanwhile , Rob and his sister Jeanie began attending their mother ' s school , the first Only two and a half years after having entered his mother ' s school , Robert Frost was ready to enter Lawrence High School . Here , he was looked upon by his classmates not only as an intelligent person , but also as a wise advisor and settler of arguments . In his second year of school , he discovered that he was being considered for valedictorian when he graduated . At the rare times when Rob was not able to grasp a concept , his teachers would chide him by telling him that if he did not do girl would be chosen valedictorian . Rob decided to research the matter . He found from the editor of the school newspaper that his female rival was one Elinor White , a girl at which Rob had been casting more than an occasional glance during study period . Soon he met Elinor , and by and by he began to find himself taking the long way home to accompany Elinor to her abode . One day soon after , Rob was suddenly inspired to write a poem โ a heroic ballad which he called " Noche Triste " . The school newspaper editor was quite pleased , and before long Rob was writing poems with some frequency . The next year , the question of valedictorian rose to the top in importance . Rob ' s name was at the top of the list , but Elinor ' s was just below it and gaining ground . Rob ' s teachers expressed worry to Rob ( who was now the school newspaper editor [ he quit towards the end of the year ] ) . Rob did n ' t want her as an enemy , so he said , " ' Give it [ the valedictory ] to her now ' . " As it happened , Rob could n ' t have been happier โ he and Elinor tied for valedictorian . Each prepared a speech , Rob ' s entitled " A Monument to After - Thought Unveiled " , Elinor ' s , " Conversation as a Force in Life " . Both speeches were hailed by relatives and local newspapers as outstanding . But now something new was at hand , and the two had to part . In the autumn of 1892 , Rob entered Dartmouth , the choice of his grandparents . It took him only until November to develop a strong dislike for the school . In the three months there , he did two positive things : 1 ) made one friend โ Preston Shirley 2 ) found a magazine in the Dartmouth Library which published poets ' work ! In November , he left . For the rest of the year , he helped his mother , still a teacher , handle some " roughs " who had enrolled in her school . Meanwhile , he found odd jobs and โ wrote poetry . Summer came , and so did Elinor . Her first year at St . Lawrence College had been a real success , but she sympathized entirely with Rob ' s situation , and encouraged him to write poetry . When she left again , the dejected Rob got a job fixing lights in a factory . During his stint , he got another " inspiration " whose end result was another fine poem , " My Butterfly " . He was so proud , that he sent it to the Independent , and to his amazement , he received an acceptance notice . In a short time , he had made a good friend in Miss Susan Ward , one of the magazine ' s editors , who was always eager to offer criticism โ constructive or otherwise . One day , while dreaming in the fields during lunch hour , Rob was suddenly shaken by the ringing of the bells closing the hour . He did not get to the gate in time . He would be docked . So โ he quit ! He became a teacher in a local elementary school . He wrote more poetry , and sent it , along with letters of his woes , to Miss Ward . That summer , Elinor came back , but she treated Rob with a strange coolness . She was in a hurry to get to Boston , and before Rob knew what was going on , she had left in a flurry . Rob was baffled , but he soon received a heartwarming letter from Miss Ward โ inviting Rob to visit the publishing company โ in Boston . Here was a chance to kill two birds with one stone . But both " birds " lived . Elinor was " too busy " to see him , and he could not get an appointment with Miss Ward . At the end of the summer , he returned home . He visited Elinor , who was back to prepare for college , but she would n ' t let him in โ the president of her college was visiting . Rob finally arranged to have five of his poems โ " My Butterfly " , " Twilight " , " Summering " , " The Falls " , and " An Unhistoric Spot " โ printed at his own expense in a volume called Twilight . He printed exactly two copies . He rushed to Elinor ' s college to give one of them to her . She agreed to show them to her English professors . They thought the poems were ridiculous . Poor Rob tore the volume to pieces , and wandered off . His aimless gait took him to New York City , and he sailed from there to Virginia , where he worked on the docks and in a grocery store . In late November , his mother located him and brought him back home . Rob jumped in shocked as he beheld what he beheld when he walked in โ the November 8 , 1894 issue of the Independent , with " My Butterfly " on the front page ! After writing a hasty but ecstatic letter to Miss Ward , Rob marched off to Elinor ' s house ( she was home for Christmas ) and stuck the magazine under her nose . This was proof of his ability as a poet . To his delight , Elinor wa convinced . By the time he left her house on that fateful day , the two were engaged . Elinor decided to graduate at the end of the ensuing term ( which she could because of her high grades ) , and the couple would wed some time thereafter . When Rob went back to teaching , and Elinor to school , each had something to look forward to . In the fall , Rob ' s mother opened a private school , and employed her son and soon - to - be daughter - in - law as the other teachers in the triumvirate faculty ( also , Jeanie was given the position of Mrs . Frost ' s assistant ) . The school was a success , and Rob had plenty of time to write , and so produced six poems โ " The Flower Boat " , " Now Close the Windows " , " Waiting โ Afield at Dusk " , " Hannibal " , " For several months after Rob and Elinor married , Rob was in a lull as far as poetry was concerned . Finally , the following July , he wrote two , and sent them with the melodramatic comment that " . . . he was anxious to publish one more poem before he died . " One was accepted for publication , earning for Rob a little of that precious money that was so hard to come by . In September , Elinor gave birth to a son , Eliot , and so was forced to quit teaching . In January , another poem , " Caesar ' s Lost Transport Ships " , was printed in the When summer came , Rob and Elinor trekked to Salisbury Point . There Rob decided to go back to college โ to Harvard โ and get a degree . In September , another poem , " Warning " , was published to increase his chances of getting in . Rob got in with no trouble , and studied Greek , Latin , Philosophy , and โ Freshman English . He liked the first three , but his instructor in the last , who was a cousin of T.S. Eliot , did n ' t like the idea of one of his students having published poetry . In spite of it all , he passed with flying colors , and received a " . . . ' big scholarship ' . . . " for his sophomore year . However , in that year he fell ill โ in fact On April 28 , 1899 , Rob ' s and Elinor ' s first daughter , Lesley , was born . Immediately , Rob and Elinor moved to a farm owned by relatives . But as Rob recovered , his mother was struck with cancer and quit her post . Rob visited her often , and so could not work on poetry . On the way back from one visit , the couple spotted an attractive little farm with a " For Sale " sign in Derry . While saving up money in an effort to buy the place , their son , Eliot , died suddenly . Relatives buzzed around them relentlessly , bothering them until Elinor approached Rob ' s grandfather about money . The old man admitted that Rob was " making good " , and so trusted them to " ' settle down ' " once and for all . In October , 1900 , the couple moved . Rob , whose sentiments and love for Elinor were re - awakened by the new privacy and freedom , turned out poems with great rapidity . His life was briefly saddened by the death of his mother in November , but he recovered with little trouble . Disappointingly , few of his poems were published at first , but Elinor always encouraged him , and inspired him to write a poem , " A Dream Pang " , for her , which many regard as one of his most touching . The following summer , his grandfather died . Rob was really on his own now โ what money he would get he would have to earn . In the winter , he wrote another outstanding poem , " Storm Fear " . The following spring , Elinor bore a son , Carol . In 1903 , she gave birth to Irma , a daughter , and Marjorie , another daughter , was born in 1905 . Soon bills caught up with the Frosts , and Rob , who was working on some fine poetry ( " The Black Cottage " , " The Housekeeper " , and " The Death of the Hired Man " ) , was forced to " go to work " ! Fortunately , a reading of a recent poem of his , " The Tuft of Flowers " , was well accepted by the minister of the local Pinkerton Academy , and Rob was accepted as an English teacher . His methods were certainly radical to the old school . He urged his students to write what they wanted to write . He introduced Hawthorne , Stevenson , and , worst of all , Mark Twain to the students . Rob became apprehensive , then , when the faculty began to avoid him . Had he gone too far with his new methods ? Finally , he got an answer . He had failed to give Pinkerton credit for a recent poem published in the Relieved , he became even more ambitious . Soon he had students acting in plays for a paying audience . Meanwhile , Rob did manage to keep his own children on the right educational track . He refused to send them off to school early , but figured that they ' d learn more staying home . In the summer of 1907 , a daughter , Elinor , was born , but she lived only four days . To console the older Elinor , he wrote a touching poem , " Home Burial " . Often Rob would use poetry in teaching his children . Once he even wrote a poem , " Locked Out " , to dispel their fear of the dark . One incident , in which the children showed fright at a vagabond who came for water , prompted a later poem , " Two Tramps in Mud Time " . That summer , the family traveled to New Hampshire ( largely because of Rob ' s hay fever ) . Here , Rob wrote one poem , " ' Out , Out โ ' " , which gave an account of a boy ' s fingers being sawed off by a buzz saw that was so gruesome , he never read it in public his whole life . At Christmas , he showed his love for his children by not only giving them gifts including copy books in which to write their sentiments , but also he whittled each a wood figure , a talent of his that surprised everyone . The next fall , Rob was hired as a psychology and education teacher at the State Normal School in Plymouth . His methods were considered strange at first , but they adjusted to him soon . There Robert met another instructor , Sidney Cox , who was to be a lifelong friend and a respected colleague . He had a lot of fun there . Once , he " . . . ' actually turned a recitation in the History of Education into a recitation of irrelevant verse ' " . But his " serious " writing continued , too , including one poem , " Design " , " later recognized as a masterpiece " . Soon , Rob got tired of Plymouth . Suddenly he was struck with the idea of moving to England . Elinor thought it a wonderful idea , and off they went . Soon the family found a home in Beaconsfield , Buckinghamshire ( near London ) . Here Robert Frost assembled a number of poems which he had never sent to be published , discarded some , and found a sense of continuity in the remaining that might justify their association โ in a book . This he did , and sent the volume , which he called A Boy ' s Will , to David Nutt Publishers , and soon he received a letter of acceptance , but no publication date . During his eager wait for publication , he met Ezra Pound , a critic whom Rob did not like . However , Pound did go to the trouble of visiting David Nutt Publishers to get a copy of Rob ' s book to review it , and he liked it . Maybe the man was n ' t so bad after all . But he and his followers โ the " Imagistes " โ wrote in free verse . Too In April , A Boy ' s Will was published . It was first reviewed by Edward Thomas , a fine poet , and friend of Rob ' s who had on numerous occasions stood up to snide remarks from Pound and Co . , who , incidentally , in the review of the book , left out words from the poems . In spite of it all , in numerous other reviews , the book was hailed as a real masterpiece , and the name of Robert Frost made its first steps towards fame . Rob published more and better poems , such as " Reluctance " , " The Fear " , " A Hundred Collars " , " The Housekeeper " , and " The Code " in the ensuing time . Soon he had another idea for a book . He would call it North of Boston , and again he went to David Nutt Publishers . During this time , he and those who shared his ideas , namely Wilfrid Gibson , Lascelles Abercrombie , Rupert Brooke , John Drinkwater , and Edward Thomas , established a group of their own ( which published its own magazine , New Numbers ) . The Frosts moved to Dymock to be with the Dymock Circle . Rob was at his best there with his friends and colleagues . When North of Boston was published , he once again received laudatory praise . Of course , the family was not forgotten . Lesley and Carol wrote poetry , and Irma drew pictures , for a publication for the children of the area . Rob , meanwhile , dedicated all of his work to Elinor . The dedication in reads , " To E.M.F. , This Book of People " . In 1914 , the war broke out . The Frosts were treated strangely and suspiciously by the local folk , and so decided to return to the States . Before they left , Rob paid a visit to Mrs . Nutt ( who had taken over Nutt Publishing Company when her husband died ) , and found out from her that Henry Holt and Company was publishing in America . In February , 1915 , Frost and his family returned . In the States , Frost ' s work had been hailed beyond belief . Rob ' s name had become practically a household word . Rob even became a regular attendant at the cut - glass dinners held for the members of the big poetry circles in the East . After paying a visit to his old high school town , Lawrence , the Frosts settled in Franconia , New Hampshire , a place which inspired such works as " Evening in a Sugar Orchard " and " A Hillside Thaw " . At a Phi Beta Kappa meeting soon afterwards ( he met Louis Untermeyer there ) Rob read three of the poems he considered best : " Birches " , " The Road Not Taken " , and " The Sound of Trees " . He received thundering applause and an invitation from an influential publisher , Sedgwick ( who had avoided Rob ' s work in the past ) , to have the poems published . To this Rob consented , and slipped in a highly complimentary essay on the poet by the British critic Edward Garnett . Rob was crafty . Sales of ballooned until it was a bestseller . Rob became a familiar face as a speaker at various college , school , and club functions . Yet he had his sights set on another volume . He labored in preparation . After much ado , Mountain Interval rolled off the presses in November , 1916 . The book received " instant critical acclaim " . President Alexander Meiklejohn of Amherst University invited Rob to read some of his poems at Amherst . Rob read the poems , and was afterwards offered a professorship there . Rob accepted . Once again , Rob ' s ultra - liberal teaching methods caused quite a stir , yet he developed personal relationships with his students and sympathy with their joys and woes probably unique among the faculty . He made few friends among the faculty , but the ones he had were close . In April , 1917 , tragedy struck . Edward Thomas , who Rob had said later was , over all , his closest friend ever , was killed in action in the war . This tore Rob to pieces , as he was already upset about other matters ; namely : his sister , Jeanie , who had been a faculty member at Michigan University , had become fanatically opposed to the war to a degree to which she was apparently going insane , and , last but not least , his own President Meiklejohn was proving to be a Rob was thinking of leaving the university , but decided to try to let things work themselves out . The war was getting into everything โ even Rob ' s daughter Lesley got a job at a propeller factory โ but Rob kept his wits . ( Once , his entire final exam for one course was the proclamation on the blackboard : " Do something . " ) In 1919 , the Amherst Masquers produced a play of his , " A Way Out " . In May , 1919 , the war ended . But Jeanie was too far gone . She died on April 12 , 1920 . Rob decided to leave Amherst , go back to Franconia , and write poetry . After only a short time in Franconia , Rob decided to move to a house in South Shaftsbury , Vermont , which he and Elinor had eyed in times past . There they moved , and the poetry came in gushes : " A Star in a Stone Boat " , " The Census - Taker " , " The Star - Splitter " , " The Pauper Witch of Grafton " , " The Witch of Coรถs " . In 1921 , Rob got an offer from the President of the University of Michigan to be a Fellow in the Creative Arts . Rob toyed with the idea for a while , and finally decided to accept . He was not required to teach , only to do what he One day , in a sudden burst of inspiration , Frost produced two masterpieces , " New Hampshire " and " Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening " . He thought himself about ready to publish his fourth volume . After his second year of Fellowship , Michigan gave him an honorary M.A. and let him go . That summer , Rob and his entire family ( except Elinor and Irma , who " bowed out " ) , made a 200 - mile mountain - climbing tour in Vermont . Marjorie brought along her roommate , Lillian LaBatt , an occurrence in which Carol showed a good deal of interest . In the fall , Rob received another invitation from Michigan , but it was too late in the year to do anything about it . He stayed home and wrote poetry . In 1923 , he published Selected Poems , a profound collection dedicated to Edward Thomas . At the end of that year , Rob was invited back to Amherst โ Meiklejohn was being dismissed . Rob accepted and took the positions of Professors of English and of Socratic Thinking . Soon after he accepted , he published his fourth volume . It was called simply New Hampshire New Hampshire " . . . was universally hailed by the critics for the art , the variety and uniform excellence of its poems . Here the dramatist and songster in Robert Frost combined to give this book a wider appeal than any so far . " At approximately the same time , the first marriage among Frost ' s progeny took place . Carol Frost wed his girlfriend from the mountain hike , Lillian LaBatt , in the winter of 1923 . Meanwhile , his daughters Lesley and Marjorie opened a bookshop in Pittsfield , Massachusetts . In June , 1924 , Robert Frost received probably his greatest honor so far โ for he won the Pulitzer Prize in Poetry . In fall , 1924 , Rob went back to Amherst . At that time , Lillian bore a son , William Prescott Frost . The following year , Rob was back at Michigan , but returned to Amherst after that . In the meantime , his daughter Irma married one John P . Cone , and Lesley had married Dwight Francis , given birth to two daughters ( Lesley Lee and Elinor ) , and divorced . In 1928 , Rob published another volume , West - Running Brook , which was highly praised , but in 1930 , his Collected Poems outdid this with Rob ' s second Pulitzer Prize . In 1936 , Rob won his third Pulitzer Prize for A Further Range Rob continued his writing , and on opportune occasions , his pranks . At one banquet at which he and T.S. Eliot were being honored , Rob insulted the sophisticated Eliot by reading a poem called " The Hippopotamus " and also pretending to make up on the spot a fine poem , " A Record Stride " , which he had actually already written and memorized . Soon tragedy struck again . Both Lillian and Marjorie were stricken with tuberculosis , and both recovered . The latter then married Willard Fraser , an archaeology student , and soon gave birth to a girl , Robin Fraser . But the mother developed septicemia after childbirth , and after a long battle with fever reaching 110ยบ at the Mayo Clinic , Marjorie died . Rob and Elinor had her poetry printed as a monument . After teaching at Amherst in 1934 , Rob spent the winter in Key West . Here , he wrote one of his wittier poems โ " Departmental " ( or " The End of My Ant Jerry " ) โ which satirized the Amherst administration . In 1936 , Rob was commissioned to return to Harvard ( the school he had left ill so many years before ) to write a poem for its 300th birthday celebration . As occupant of the Charles E . Norton Chair , he gave six lectures : " The Old Way to be New " , " Vocal Imagination โ the Merger of Form and Content " , " Does Wisdom Signify ? " , " Poetry as Prowess ( Feats of Words ) " , " Before the Beginning of a Poem " , and " After the End A Further Range won him a Pulitzer Prize , he was awarded a Doctorate of Letters from Harvard . In the spring of 1938 , he was elected Overseer at Harvard . That summer , in Gainesville , Florida , the darkest tragedy of all struck his life . Rob was recovering from the bothersome flu when his wife , Elinor , " . . . even as she tended him . . . " , suffered a heart attack and died immediately . Rob fell ill in shock and took months to recover . As Rob gradually recovered from the blow , he resigned his Harvard post and got a secretary and a dog , Gillie . He spent the year writing , and in the fall of 1939 , he went back to Harvard . In the fall of 1940 , yet another blow came . Rob ' s daughter - in - law , Lillian , went to the hospital for a minor operation . But her husband , Carol , was unexplainedly terrified at something . Rob came to comfort Carol . Two days after he returned , Carol ' s son called : Carol had committed suicide . Rob compared his own life to Job ' s . But Robert Frost as a poet was not finished . Rob bought a large farm in Ripton , Vermont . In 1942 , he turned out another volume of poetry , A Witness Tree . In 1945 , A Masque of Reason was published , and 1947 brought Steeple Bush and A Masque of Mercy . His touching work bemoaning the death of his beloved Elinor , A Witness Tree , won the Pulitzer Prize , Rob ' s fourth ( a record ) . In 1949 , his Complete Poems was published . This includes his only poem with religious overtones , " Directive " . In 1950 , he was cited by a U.S. Senate resolution . In 1958 , he was appointed Consultant in Poetry of the Library of Congress , and in 1959 , Consultant in the Humanities . Yet the old man , in his eighties , was still writing . He gave a reading at President Kennedy ' s inauguration in 1961 . On March 26 , 1962 , Frost ' s 88th birthday , he published another volume of poetry , In the Clearing . This work was an insight into the wisdom he had acquired since Elinor ' s death . The volume was considered as good as and as youthful as any of his previous ones . In fall , 1962 , Robert Frost kept a lecture schedule that would do many younger men shame . In December of that year , Frost entered a hospital for major surgery . During his convalescence period , Robert Frost , age eighty - eight , suffered a relapse , and died in his sleep on January 29 , 1963 . A fitting description of the man ' s greatness is given by Sidney Cox , summarizing Rob ' s philosophy in the chapter titles of his book A Swinger of Birches " Robert Frost has never been the fashion : he ' s too original . ' Originality . . . was of the Devil . ' He jarred our similes . He swings birches . Up there , high enough , he could love the things he loves for what they are . Yet he had fears , too . He takes his risks ' assertively ' , because it ' s a funny world . The mischief in him is often gay . In teaching he would protect the students from the institution , but keep the generalizations broad and that requires separateness that is tough . But tough separateness is none the less social , though not like a reformer . His friendship gains by being selective , and love by accepting ambiguities . Even in marriage we enjoy oppositions . And his country , too , he quizzically cherishes . It ' s too bad , but bearable , that nations waste so much in war . We ' re after ultimates , but we have to content ourselves with individual composings in the main . " | [
"Robert Frost",
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http://ericgraczyktravel.com/2014/01/26/what-is-terere/ | My Accommodations - Concepcion , Paraguay The result of randomness , kindness of strangers and music Jan 26 2014 What is Terere ? Blogs Paraguay by ELG Whether you have been to Paraguay , plan to be going , or are just curious , one thing you must learn about is terere . For those who have been , you know that you you can not go anywhere without seeing people either carrying around their water cooler and cup or partaking in the drinking of terere . So , for those of you who do n โ t know , I โ m sure you โ re currently wondering what terere is so here goes . Terere is a very social drink , similar in taste to an iced green tea , and is made from mate leaves and ice water . It is caffeinated , said to aid in metabolism , and because it โ s so cold and refreshing , it is consumed all day ! First , there is a water cooler ( pictured below ) that they fill with ice and water . Second , they take their cup , place the metal straw in it and fill it with dry mate leaves . They then pour a sips worth of ice water into the cup with the mate and drink it . They then refill the cup , pass it to the person next to them , who then drinks the terere . This is done over and over until everyone has had their fill or they run out water . The same Everywhere you go in Paraguay you will see people carrying around their water coolers . Paraguayan โ s are super friendly and love to share everything , so if you are ever here , do n โ t be shy and ask to try it . If you โ re really lucky , maybe you โ ll even get invited to a Paraguayan asada ( bbq ) afterwards ! What are you thinking ? comments | [
"Terere"
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http://erickeckardt.com/land-contract-homes/ | Land Contract Homes in Michigan If you dont qualify for a mortgage and your tired of paying rent a land contract option may be your ticket to home ownership A Land Contract gives potential buyers an option to buy a home without getting financing through a bank In todays most recent housing market there are many willing buyers unqualified for a mortgage A land contract allows the buyer to pay the seller directly over time with an agreed down payment and monthly payments until it is paid in full The seller may also require a final balloon payment at an agreed time in the future If this is the best option for you I can help you find one Have Questions Contact Me today | [
"Land Contract Homes",
"Michigan"
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http://erikanderson.net/endocrine/gonads.shtml | Ovaries and Testes Although the gonads are part of the endocrine system , their primary purpose is to produce gametes . The woman ' s ovaries are located on both sides of the uterus below the opening of the fallopian tubes . They are oval or almond - shaped . The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone . These two hormones affect many of the female characteristics and reproductive functions . The male ' s testes are egg - shaped organs that hang in a pouch of skin called the scrotum outside the male body . The testes produce testosterone , which affects many of the male characteristics and sperm production . | [
"endocrine system",
"fallopian tubes",
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http://erincoscarelli.com/bio/ | Biography Every weekday morning , Erin wakes up the football world with her warm and engaging presence on NFL HQ airing nationally on NFL Network at 8am et . She is a dynamic personality who takes an honest , fun approach to the day ' s top stories and has the reverence to tackle sensitive topics . When she is n ' t providing fans the latest NFL news , Erin is covering the coolest events around the league . You can find her interviewing celebs and football ' s best athletes at the NFL Honor Awards , or mixing it up on the Pro Bowl ' s Draft show . But perhaps most exciting of all - - on the NFL ' s biggest and brightest stage - - Erin has been blessed to cover the Super Bowl the past two years . Prior to joining NFL Network , Erin was an anchor and reporter for Comcast SportsNet Bay Area and appeared on the network ' s signature show , SportsNet Central , in addition to other studio shows . While with Comcast SportsNet Bay Area , Erin covered the Bay Area ' s professional sports teams , including the San Francisco 49ers , San Francisco Giants and Golden State Warriors , as well as the Stanford and Cal football programs . Before joining Comcast SportsNet Bay Area , Erin was a sideline reporter for various networks such as Fox Sports West , Pac - 12 Network , NBC Sports Network and ESPN . Erin also was an anchor for Fox Sports Flash and a reporter for ESPN ' s Summer X - Games and the World Series of Poker . A native of Los Angeles , Erin received a B.A. in Broadcasting from the University of Southern California . During her time at USC , Erin was a sports anchor / reporter for Annenberg TV and the school ' s radio station KSCR 1560 AM . In her free time , Erin enjoys finding ways to give back through an organization dear to her heart . She is on the Young Professionals Council of Children โ s Hospital Los Angeles , a nonprofit , academic , pediatric medical center that provides more than 97,000 children with pediatric health care . And of course , going to โ SC football games . Fight on ! | [
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http://ers.ehawaii.gov/retirees/retirees-faqs | Home Retirees Retirees FAQs Retirees FAQs Q : Why is there a change to the pension amount in July ? A : Every July beginning the calendar year after your retirement , you receive a post retirement increase of 2.5 % ( for retirees with membership dates of before July 1 , 2012 ) and 1.5 % ( for retirees with membership dates on or after July 1 , 2012 ) . Q : How do I change my federal tax withholding ? A : You may download the W - 4P Form from our website at http : / / ers . ehawaii . gov or contact our office and we will mail you the form . Q : Does the ERS send any notice when there is a change to my pension ? A : Yes . The ERS sends a letter explaining the change to your pension prior to the effective date of change . In addition , a Statement of Retirement Allowances and Deductions is mailed out when there is a change to your net pension payment or for your first pension payment . If your net amount has changed but you did not receive a statement , please allow time for the postal service to deliver it before requesting a duplicate . Due to postal service changes , it may take longer to receive your statement than in the past Q : When will I receive my tax reporting documents ( 1099R ) ? A : If you received benefits from the ERS during the previous year , your Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) Form 1099 - R will be mailed to your home address by January 31 . Reprint / duplicate Form 1099 - R requests may be requested approximately 2 weeks later to allow time for mail delivery . If you have a professional tax advisor , accountant , and / or tax preparer , we suggest that you make this information available for their review . For more information , please review ERS Form 1099 - R Sample : The ERS Form 1099 - R 2018 Frequently Asked Questions : 1099 - R Frequently Asked Questions Q : How is my retirement benefits classified for income tax reporting ( i.e. IRA , pension or annuity ) ? A : The ERS is a โ government defined benefit pension plan โ . All benefits paid by ERS and reported to you on Form 1099 - R are โ pension โ benefits . For terminated members this includes refund of contributions and for retirees this includes option refund payments and disability benefits . For Service Connected Disability benefit recipients , all or a portion of your pension benefits are considered payments in the nature of worker โ s compensation and , therefore , excludible from gross income under Internal Revenue Code ( IRC ) Section 104 ( a ) | [
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http://eschooltoday.com/forests/what-is-forestry.html | SUGGESTED LESSONS Aquaculture Climate Change Earth System Ecosystems Food Waste Genetic Engineering Landforms Natural Resources Ocean Acidification Overfishing Ozone Depletion Pollution Renewable Energy Waste Water Waste and Recycling Water Scarcity What is the meaning of forestry ? We learned about the complex interaction of climate , soils and rocks , water , animals , ( including insects and fungi ) and plants as the defining elements of a natural forest . Forestry is the study of this complex interaction , the management of the various components of the forest , the preservation of its ' natural balance ( of forests and the life forms they support ) as well as the care of it to ensure its ' wellbeing . Good forestry programs also make it possible for humans to get some economic value from it , without hurting the forests in any way . This way of using the forest is known as Sustainable Forestry . Sustainable Forestry In sustainable forestry , efforts are put into replacing almost all the resources we get from the forests , whiles extra care is taken to ensure that there is very little damage to wildlife and the natural environment . Example : only old trees may be cut down , allowing younger trees to grow to ensure continuity , and trees are planted to replace the ones cut down . Unfortunately , environmental issues can not be separated from politics and economics ( people โ s life ) This is why effective sustainable forestry comes in two approaches . These are : Forests and Forests related Industries Here , the attention is on the natural resource itself and the timber companies that harness resources directly from the forests . In this approach , there are usually very strict rules and consequences with the way resources are extracted from that forest . It is usually enforced by laws , hefty fines and effective monitoring efforts . In recent time , the use of technology is helping authorities see more about what is going on in the forests ( READ MORE HERE ) This means items made from resources that come from forests will cost a lot in the shops , so consumers also need to be prepared . Consumer behavior Here , campaigns are developed to educate consumers ( industries and individuals including you ) on the value of forests resources and the dangers forests face . Efforts are directed to make people become more environmentally aware and friendly . Example , people are encouraged to recycle more , to use paper products from recycled pulp , and to encourage everyone to join the fight to save our forests . | [
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http://eschooltoday.com/science/characteristics-of-living-organisms/living-organisms-adapt-and-respond-to-their-environment.html | MORE SCIENCE LESSONS Asexual Reproduction Clouds Elements mixtures comp Electricity Energy Forces Genetics Needs of Living Things Nutrients in Food Photosynthesis Pollination Rock Cycle Simple Machines Soils States of Matter The Five Senses Water Cycle Winds Living things respond to their environment Response to stimuli is an important characteristic of life Anything that causes a living organism to react is called a stimulus plural is stimuli Stimuli can be external or internal For instance if you feel like going to the bathroom it is an internal stimulus that is controlled by the brain If the sun comes up on a warm day it is an external stimulus that can cause a snake to come out and busk The ability of the organism to react is called irritability It helps the organism to stay in balance Living organisms have some senses sight smell touch taste etc that help them to detect changes in their external environment as well their internal balance and respond to them Some organisms such as herbivores respond to stimuli much quicker than others such as plants Homeostasis Just like all the changes that occur outside of our bodies external environment there are changes in our internal environment too For instance our bodies need to keep a constant body temperature glucose level water level and so on for the cells to function properly But conditions outside our bodies such as temperature exercise eating and so on often affect our internal balance The term used to to describe the ability of an organism to maintain balance in its internal environment is called homeostasis Homeostasis is achieved by a mechanism involving three components The Receptor or sensor The Control Center Processor and the Effector Here is an example The receptor Sensors on your skin can detect when the temperature outside increases The control center The brain receives the signal from the sensor and processes it finds a solution The effector Sweat glands get to work and blood flow increases to produce sweat which cools the organism down This way the organisms original balance is restored Living organisms also need to maintain a balance in the external environment too For example if a loud bang wakes you up in the night the fright makes your heart beat faster you breathe faster and your heart pumps more blood to the brain The result is that you suddenly become fully awake and attentive This natural response helps you to stay safer is the process that helps an organism survive in its environment A polar bear for example will struggle to survive in a hot climate because the temperature will be too much for it The polar bears heavy fur is best suited for colder regions therefore we say that polar bears are adapted to colder regions In summary for any organism to be considered alive it must have all these characteristics | [
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http://eschooltoday.com/science/needs-of-living-organisms/living-things-need-a-habitat-to-survive.html | MORE SCIENCE LESSONS : Asexual Reproduction Clouds Charact ' of Living Things Elements , mixtures , comp Electricity Energy Forces Nutrients in Food Pollination Photosynthesis Rock Cycle Simple Machines Soils States of Matter The Five Senses Water Cycle Winds Habitat ( home ) Every living organism needs a home , shelter or environment that provides the safety , ideal temperature and basic things it needs to survive . One important function of the organism ' s home ( habitat or environment ) is to provide the ideal temperature in which the organism can thrive . Humans have a way of helping themselves if it gets too cold or too hot . But this is not so for every living thing . If it is too cold or too hot , some plants will struggle to survive . This is same for animals too . An ideal temperature is very important . Extreme temperature can wipe out an entire ecosystem . Temperature is affected by water , air , soil and sunlight . Temperatures are not the same everywhere on earth . Some places such as the north and south poles are very cold ( โ 88 ยฐ C or - 126.4 ยฐ F ) . Other places , especially in the tropics can get very warm ( up to about 50 ยฐ C or 122 ยฐ F ) . Animals that are adapted to cold temperatures can not survive in warm temperatures . Plants : Some places are just too cold for plants to survive . These include high mountain peaks such as those in the mountains of British Columbia . Animals : Think of the brook trout โ it prefers water temperatures between 4 ยฐ C or 39.2 ยฐ F and 20 ยฐ C or 68 ยฐ F and will only lay eggs when the water temperature is below 13 ยฐ C . Animals like polar bears and penguins are adapted to thrive only in extremely cold climates . They will not survive if they end up in a hot , dry tropical climate . Metabolic and enzyme activities in animals require the right temperatures to happen , otherwise , such processes slow down and affect that living organism . Some fishes also thrive only in the shallow warm waters of tropical seas , where temperatures are warm all year through . | [
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http://eschooltoday.com/volcanoes/what-is-a-volcano.html | Did you know ? The biggest volcano in the world is Mauna Loa in Hawaii . Its whole volume is about 80,000 cubic kilometres . OTHER NATURAL DISASTERS Introduction to volcanoes The earth ' s mountains , plains , plateaus , soils , rocks , etc . as we see it today is believed to have gone through many phases , with about 80 % of it being carved out by the action of volcanoes . A volcano is simply a rapture ( opening or vent ) on the earth ' s surface ( crust ) through which molten magma ( extremely hot mixture of gases , lava , ash and other burning substances ) escape on to the earth ' s surface . How do Volcanoes look like ? A volcano looks like a mountain , although they are two different things . A mountain is a large natural rise of the earth ' s surface , more like a giant heap of sand . A volcano is also like a big heap of earth just that this heap is a mixture of lava , ash , dust , and other substances that have piled up over many years . It pours out of an opening in the earth after an eruption . This means volcanic eruptions or explosions can create elevations that we can call mountains . In May 1980 , the Mountain St . Helens , in Washington USA , in May 1980 , erupted or exploded and it was an awesome natural occurrence because it destroyed some parts of the landscape around it but at the same time it was a beautiful sight . Volcanoes occur at weak zones or points in the earth โ s crust ( including constructive and destructive boundaries ) . They do not occur at conservative boundaries . ( Bolded words explained here ) For history lovers โฆ In A.D. 79 ( really long ago ) two Roman cities , Pompeii and Herculaneum , were completely buried in ash and dust in a matter of hours after a volcanic eruption . Their remains were not uncovered until modern archaeology made that discovery 1700 years after . ( you can do your own research into this event ) The word , โ volcano โ was made out of the name of a Roman god of a small island in the Mediterranean sea of Sicily called โ Volcan โ . Now we shall see in a bit more detail how volcanoes come about . Click next . | [
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http://eservices.nysed.gov/teach/certhelp/BaseExtReqSet.do?certCredential=2034 | Certification Certification from Start to Finish Preparation Pathways Types of Certificates and Licenses Search Certification Requirements Applying for a Certificate Testing Maintaining Your Certificate Requirements for Professional Certificate English To Speakers Of Other Languages Following are all possible pathways available to receive the certificate specified above The specific requirements to satisfy each pathway are also listed Pathway Approved Teacher Preparation Program 05012014 This pathway refers to programs specifically designed and registered with the New York State Education Department to qualify students for New York State teacher pupil personnel or administrative certification A listing of these preapproved programs is available through our Inventory of Registered Programs Candidates applying under this pathway are recommended by their college or university for a certificate in the subject areas of the registered program Specified noncoursework requirements such as the New York State Teacher Certification Examinations and fingerprint clearance must also be satisfied Which Pathway is Right for Me Requirements Completion of a NYS Registered Program English To Speakers Of Other Languages Institutional Recommendation English To Speakers Of Other Languages New York State Teacher Certification Exam Educating All Students Test EAS Content Specialty Test CST ESOL or Safety Net ESOL edTPA English as an Additional Language Paid fulltime Classroom Teaching experience English To Speakers Of Other Languages 3 Yrs Mentored Experience Workshop Dignity For All Students Act Fingerprint Clearance Citizenship Status INS Permanent Residence or US Citizenship Pathway Approved Teacher Prep Program Certificate Progression This pathway is for individuals who hold a valid New York State entrylevel certificate such as an Initial or Provisional certificate and completed a NYS Registered Teacher Education Program They may progress to the advancedlevel credential such as a Professional or Permanent certificate by meeting the requirements for that certificate Requirements HoldHeld an Initial Certificate English To Speakers Of Other Languages Completion of a NYS Registered Program English To Speakers Of Other Languages Institutional Recommendation English To Speakers Of Other Languages Paid fulltime Classroom Teaching experience 3 Yrs Mentored Experience Workshop Dignity For All Students Act Fingerprint Clearance Citizenship Status INS Permanent Residence or US Citizenship Pathway Approved Teacher Prep Program Additional Certificate | [
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http://esl.about.com/cs/beginner/a/a_makedo.htm | Humanities Languages Learn the Difference Between " Do " and " Make " Read the guidelines , then test your understanding Hero Images / Getty Images by Kenneth Beare Updated January 14 , 2019 The verbs " make " and " do " are two of the most common in the English language and two of the most easily confused . Although they both imply activity , they function differently in sentences . Generally speaking , " do " relates to physical tasks and activities that are vague or indefinite , while " make " refers to a specific outcome or object created by that activity . This guide will help you learn the difference between the two verbs . Activities Use the verb " do " to express daily activities or jobs . Notice that these are usually activities that produce no physical object . I usually do my homework after dinner . Both my mother and father do the housework . I like to do the ironing while I watch TV . Tom does a few jobs around the house . General Ideas " Do " is also used when speaking about things in general . I ' m not doing anything today . He does everything for his mother . She ' s doing nothing at the moment . Expressions Using " Do " There are a number of standard expressions that take the verb " do . " These are collocations ( verb / noun combinations ) that are used in English . A trip in the country will do you good . Can you do me a favor ? We do business in countries around the world . Constructing , Building , Creating Use the verb " make " to express an activity that creates something tangible . Let ' s make hamburgers this evening . I made a cup of tea . Would you like some ? Look at the mess you made ! The verb " make " is also frequently used in expressions related to money Jennifer makes a lot of money at her job . She made a huge profit off the last deal . We made a two - year deal . Expressions Using " Make " There are a number of standard expressions that take the verb " make . " In a number of cases the verb do seems more appropriate . These are standard collocations ( verb / noun combinations ) that are used in English . I ' ve made plans for the weekend . I ' ll make an exception to the rule for you . Let me make a telephone call . Susan made a mistake on the report . Test Your Knowledge Now that you ' ve learned about using " make " and " do , " it ' s time to review . Use this quiz to test yourself , then check the answers below . 1 . Could you __________ your homework , please ? do make 2 . She ' d like to take the day off and __________ nothing all day long . do make 3 . I ' ll need you to __________ a decision before the end of the day . 4 . Do n ' t worry , you ' ll __________ no harm if you give peace a chance . 5 . The primary focus of most businesses is to __________ a profit for their shareholders . 6 . The children do n ' t __________ much noise . They ' re very quiet and well - behaved . 7 . If you ask him , he ' ll just __________ an excuse and not take any responsibility . 8 . She ' ll mow the lawn while I __________ the dishes . 9 . My uncle Frank will __________ a fortune with his new invention . 10 . I ' d like everyone in this class to __________ an effort on their homework this week . 11 . It does n ' t matter if you fail the test the first time , just __________ your best . 12 . Today , we ' ll __________ an exception and let you play on our team . 13 . I ' m afraid I ca n ' t __________ a deal on this car . It ' s the lowest price . 14 . Would you like me to __________ a cup of tea ? 15 . I ' ll __________ arrangements for the meeting tomorrow . | [
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http://espn.go.com/blog/san-francisco-49ers | Niners targeting several WR prospects after missing on OBJ AP Apr 11 , 2019 Nick Wagoner ESPN Staff Writer SANTA CLARA , Calif . - - In an offseason in which two of the best receivers in football were traded , the San Francisco 49ers ' only addition at the position came in the form of a low - cost flier on Jordan Matthews No , the Niners were n ' t all that interested in Antonio Brown , who openly campaigned for a trade to the 49ers on social media but ended up with the Oakland Raiders Yes , the 49ers were heavily involved in trade talks for Odell Beckham Jr , but after extensive discussions with the New York Giants , the two sides simply could n ' t find the common ground needed to make a deal . Beckham was traded to the Cleveland Browns instead . Ultimately , the Niners ' pursuit of Beckham came up short because they were unwilling to part with the No . 2 overall pick in this year ' s draft . And when New York declined to include its No . 6 overall pick as part of a package for Beckham ( with the Niners adding additional compensation ) , the move to land a No . 1 receiver was dead . 2019 NFL DRAFT When : April 25 - 27 Where : Nashville , Tennessee How to watch : ABC / ESPN / ESPN App Complete draft order : Picks 1 - 254 ยป Needs for all 32 teams ยป | Draft guides ยป In - depth stories on the top prospects ยป Kiper ' s ' Grade : A ' three - round mock ยป McShay ' s ' Grade : A ' three - round mock ยป Two - round mock drafts : Kiper vs . McShay ยป More NFL draft coverage ยป As general manager John Lynch has pointed out , the Niners might have been better positioned to make a trade for Beckham had they had a first - round pick that was n ' t quite so valuable this year . " I do n โ t want to get into why it did n โ t happen and all that , but we tried , " Lynch said . " I think they tried . It โ s just the way things were set up - - there was n โ t a fit and so we moved on . " Missing on Beckham now leaves the Niners with a big need to add to a receiving corps that was among the least productive in the NFL last season and then subtracted its most proven ( albeit oft - injured ) commodity in Pierre Garcon In 2018 , the Niners ' receivers combined for 152 receptions for 1,990 yards on 259 targets . Those numbers ranked 28th , 29th and 29th in the NFL in those categories for the season . It was the sixth time in the past 10 years that 49ers receivers failed to combine for at least 2,000 yards . The group now consists of second - year undrafted wideout Kendrick Bourne , who took a step forward on his way to posting 42 catches for 487 yards and four touchdowns . The Niners also will bring back Marquise Goodwin , who has battled injury issues and personal tragedy over the past couple of seasons ; Trent Taylor , who is coming off a back injury that limited him in 2018 ; and rookies Dante Pettis and Richie James The news was n ' t all bad for that group last season , though , as it still managed to average 13.1 yards per catch ( 11th in the NFL ) and scored 16 touchdowns ( tied for 15th ) . Still , the Niners ' passing game focused on the tight ends and running backs , as those position groups combined for 2,262 yards ( second in the NFL ) , 178 receptions ( seventh ) and 12.7 yards per reception ( first ) . None really qualifies as a household name , though the Niners spent a second - round pick a year ago on Pettis and he showed serious potential toward the end of the season after some early - year injury issues . " I ' ve got real high expectations for Dante , " coach Kyle Shanahan said . " Dante had a typical rookie year where he had some good games and some good plays , but a lot of ups and downs . He battled through some injuries early on , which I thought set him back , but the way he finished the year was very exciting . He got a lot more opportunities at the end of the year . He earned those opportunities . You always want to see how guys do when they ' re out As it stands , Pettis is the only wideout who seems certain to figure prominently in the team ' s plans for next season , as competition is likely to be heavy at the other spots . That means Goodwin could move into a more limited role that takes advantage of his speed and helps him stay healthy . It also could mean more work for Bourne and a good battle between Matthews and Taylor for playing time in the slot . Best of NFL Nation Will Belichick coach into his 70s ? Luck enjoys first healthy offseason since ' 15 Steven Nelson : From food stamps to making $ 25M with Steelers Inside Cam Jordan ' s offseason adventures NFL draft : Mock drafts , prospects and more Regardless , the 49ers head toward this year ' s NFL draft in search of a wideout or two who can contribute right away . The bad news for the Niners is that this draft does n ' t come with a Julio Jones type of game - changer at the top of it . The good news is the Niners ' picks in the second ( No . 36 ) and third ( No . 67 ) rounds could represent a sweet spot for a group of wideouts who project as instant contributors even if they might not become superstars . While many believe the 49ers could use a big , physical target for quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo , the Niners ' emphasis is n ' t really about size . Rather , Shanahan puts a premium on movement skills , hands and the ability to consistently create separation with precision route running . Among the players who could be available for the Niners in the second or third round are Mississippi ' s A.J. Brown , South Carolina ' s Deebo Samuel , Arizona State ' s N ' Keal Harry , Georgia ' s Riley Ridley , Iowa State ' s Hakeem Butler and Massachusetts ' Andy Isabella . Of that group , Brown looks like the ideal fit given his intermediate route - running skills and his ability to gain yards after the catch , though he ' s also a candidate to go in the first round . One way or another , it ' s fair to expect the Niners to add another wideout in the first three rounds and to possibly take another before the draft is done . | [
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http://espn.go.com/blog/statsinfo/post/_/id/78608/tom-brady-vs-peyton-manning-round-14 | Tom Brady vs . Peyton Manning : Round 14 Nov 19 , 2013 ESPN Stats & Information USA Today Sports Tom Brady and Peyton Manning will meet for the 14th time in the regular season or playoffs . Tom Brady has won nine of his 13 head - to - head meetings against Peyton Manning , although Manning has thrown for more yards and more touchdowns in those games . Seven of the 13 games have been decided by a touchdown or less . Let โ s rank those 13 games in order of most notable : 1 . 2006 AFC Championship โ Colts 38 , Patriots 34 Manning helped the Colts overcome a 21 - 3 deficit by throwing for 349 yards and a score . Their 18 - point comeback is tied for the fourth - largest in postseason history and is the biggest in an AFC or NFC Championship Game . 2 . 2003 Week 13 โ Patriots 38 , Colts 34 The Colts had first - and - goal from the Patriots ' 2 - yard - line with less than a minute remaining but failed to convert , as New England stopped Edgerrin James on first , second and fourth down . Manning threw four touchdowns in a losing effort , becoming the first player to throw four touchdowns against Bill Belichick โ s Patriots . 3 . 2009 Week 10 โ Colts 35 , Patriots 34 Leading by six with 2 : 08 remaining , Belichick went for it on fourth - and - 2 from the Patriots ' 28 - yard - line . Brady โ s pass to Kevin Faulk came up a yard short , and Manning threw the game - winning score to Reggie Wayne four plays later to complete the 17 - point , fourth - quarter comeback . 4 . 2003 AFC Championship โ Patriots 24 , Colts 14 Head - to - Head Including Playoffs Manning threw four interceptions , three of them to Ty Law , and was sacked four times in his first postseason meeting with Brady . 5 . 2007 Week 9 โ Patriots 24 , Colts 20 The Patriots improved to 9 - 0 en route to the first 16 - 0 regular season in league history as New England overcame a 10 - point deficit in the game โ s final eight minutes . It was Brady โ s ninth straight game with at least three passing touchdowns , breaking Manning โ s NFL record from 2004 . 6 . 2004 Week 1 โ Patriots 27 , Colts 24 The Patriots defense โ s goal - line stand with four minutes left prevented the Colts from taking the lead . Mike Vanderjagt missed a game - tying field goal attempt , and the Patriots extended their win streak to 16 . 7 . 2006 Week 9 โ Colts 27 , Patriots 20 The Colts improved to 8 - 0 behind 326 yards and two scores from Manning . Their defense kept Patriots receivers out of the end zone and picked off Brady four times , one of Brady โ s two career games with zero passing touchdowns and four interceptions . 8 . 2010 Week 11 โ Patriots 31 , Colts 28 The Colts โ potential rally from a 17 - point fourth - quarter deficit ended when Manning was intercepted by James Sanders at the Patriots ' 6 - yard line with less than a minute remaining . 9 . 2004 Divisional Playoffs โ Patriots 20 , Colts 3 Brady increased his head - to - head record against Manning to 6 - 0 , throwing a 5 - yard pass to David Givens for New England โ s first touchdown and scoring on a 1 - yard rush for its second . Brady would win his third Super Bowl ring three weeks later . 10 . 2005 Week 9 โ Colts 40 , Patriots 21 Manning threw for 321 yards and three touchdowns to get his first win against Brady in their seventh head - to - head meeting and also his first career win in Foxborough . 11 . 2001 Week 3 โ Patriots 44 , Colts 13 In his first career start , Brady completed 13 of 23 passes for 168 yards in a blowout win against Manning and the Colts . Manning threw three interceptions , two of which were returned for touchdowns . 12 . 2012 Week 5 โ Patriots 31 , Broncos 21 In the first Manning - Brady matchup that did n โ t double as a Colts - Patriots game , the Patriots jumped out to a 31 - 7 lead and held on to drop the Broncos to 2 - 3 on the season . Since this game , the Broncos are 20 - 1 in the regular season . 13 . 2001 Week 6 โ Patriots 38 , Colts 17 Brady improved to 3 - 1 as a starter and threw for three touchdowns for the first time in his career . He threw two touchdown passes to David Patten , who also had a rushing and passing touchdown . Patten became the first player with a passing , rushing and receiving touchdown in a game since Walter Payton in 1979 . | [
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http://espn.go.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/16536/mvp-debate-what-does-mvp-mean | SweetSpot MVP debate : What does ' MVP ' mean ? Matt Kemp ranks first in RBIs , second in home runs and third in batting average in the NL . Sep 23 , 2011 Anna McDonald Over the course of the 2011 season " most valuable " has been defined many ways . On a summer evening at Miller Park , Prince Fielder hit a deep fly ball to left field . His home run in the bottom of the second on July 27 put the Brewers up 1 - 0 against the Cubs and they went on to win 2 - 0 . This " valuable " at - bat by Fielder helped put the Brewers in first place in the National League Central , where they have remained . Most valuable can also be seen on paper , with a little math and statistics . Ryan Braun , with his National League - leading .330 batting average and .584 slugging percentage , looks every bit as good as Matt Kemp and his league - leading 8.2 Wins Above Replacement . And then there are the ballplayers having the most valuable seasons of their careers . While Blue Jays right fielder Jose Bautista is enjoying a major league - leading 42 home runs , it is hard to imagine where the Yankees would be without Curtis Granderson , the majors ' top RBI guy . Bautista โ s team will be watching the playoffs from home and Granderson is hitting only .270 . Maybe Justin Verlander โ s magical year outshines both of them ? Back in August the MVP voters received their ballots . The voters were told the same thing that fans and bloggers and columnists have argued all season , that there is " no clear - cut definition of what Most Valuable means . " The Baseball Writers โ Association of America does give some guidelines to its voters . Only regular - season performances are eligible for the MVP and they request the ballot be turned in " by the end of the season . " Many years tight division races come down to the last day . If a ballot is turned in well before the season ends , could a voter miss the late - season performances ? " Most voters turn in their ballots after the last game , " Jack O โ Connell , the BBWAA secretary - treasurer said via email . " The majority of ballots arrive the day after the season ends . " The ballot also explains how voters should consider the actual value of a player to his team , that is , strength of offense and defense . The number of games played , general character , disposition , loyalty and effort are to be considered as well . Voters are told to remember former winners are eligible and members of the committee may vote for more than one member of a team . Jimmy Rollins , the 2007 MVP winner with the Phillies , evaluates the honor this way : " It ' s an award that says you had the greatest impact on the outcome of your team ' s success , and without you for that season , the team would not have had the success that it did . " Historically , voters place a huge importance on playing for a team that reaches the postseason , yet the BBWAA states on the ballot " the MVP candidate need not come from a playoff contending team . " Why would the association not define this more clearly ? " How much clearer can it be ? " O โ Connell said . " If voters place more emphasis on players from contending teams , it is because those players ' impact is considered greater because of their team ' s success . That is one way value is measured . It is still a subjective process . " In a baseball world filled with advanced statistics like WAR and FIP ( fielding - independent pitching ) , a subjective process will always stir debate . " Unless it is somebody who is so far ahead of everybody else , it is really hard to go out every year and say one guy is so deserving of the Most Valuable Player Award , " said Jack Clark , the former major league All - Star first baseman and now a radio host in St . Louis . Clark finished third in the 1987 MVP vote , a year Andre Dawson was considered a questionable winner . Teammate Ozzie Smith placed second . At the time , there were n ' t defensive metrics that evaluated play - by - play data to rate Smith ' s value in the field , but everyone knew Smith was special . " As many home runs as myself or Andre Dawson could hit , Ozzie Smith would take the hits and runs away from the other team , " Clark said . " He would crush them defensively like no one in the game has ever seen . He โ s ' The Wizard . ' He did something magical that you paid to watch and he elevated his teammates because the pitchers are not afraid to throw a strike . He not only could get one out , he could get two outs . " Moving away from traditional statistics like home runs , RBIs and batting averages , many voters now take into consideration statistics like WAR - - a statistic that , if around in 1987 , would undoubtedly have helped Smith or Clark beat out Dawson . " For batters , all WAR really is , is a combination of batting , fielding and replacement - level by position , that ' s it , " Dave Studenmund , editor for the " Hardball Times Annual 2012 " said . " The last two things are new and people are n ' t used to them . What ' s more , we ought to be questioning them frequently . " One of the main complications with WAR is the fielding component and how to measure it . Just how much does a ballplayer ' s fielding skill impact a team โ s win total ? " I think it depends on what position they play , " former major leaguer John Mabry said . " Obviously , there is more weight to shortstop , catcher and center fielder , but at the same time you can be the best at your position , like a corner position . For example , Albert Pujols makes plays no other first basemen will try to make . The stuff he is willing to do when the game is on the line is what separates him from other first basemen . " Mabry believes the best fielders have a measurable skill they add to their team โ s win totals . " They are always positioned right , " Mabry said about the best fielders . " They always stop the runner from advancing in crucial situations , they always get the double play , they know when to throw to a base and they know when to throw to a cut off . There are all kinds of things throughout all different positions that make a player a really good fielder . " Mabry believes evaluating outfielders is a complicated process . An outfielder โ s skill in being able to get into the right position on the field is extremely important . " The outfielders move as a unit , " Mabry said . " They know how their pitcher is pitching the hitter . Another example , back in the day , Jimmy Edmonds would look at the signs from the catcher and he would know what pitch the pitcher was going to pitch to the hitter . " Mabry described Edmonds as being able to position himself perfectly . Edmonds would also communicate to the other outfielders and tell them when the ball was potentially coming their way . " He would make all the outfielders better as well , " Mabry added . " There โ s a guy that lifts his teammates up as well . " The new defensive metrics attempt to evaluate all of this . Voters who consider defense might consider some of the new metrics as a rationale to put Granderson or Braun lower on their ballots . Baseball Info Solutions ' Defensive Runs Saved rates Granderson as 16 runs worse than an average center fielder , while fellow MVP candidate Jacoby Ellsbury rates as 11 runs better than average . Braun rates as five runs worse than an average left fielder , compared to Kemp ' s two runs better than the average center fielder . At the bottom of the MVP ballot the BBWAA voters are given one last gentle reminder , " Keep in mind that all players are eligible for MVP , including pitchers and designated hitters . " Clark believes the MVP should be reserved for " the most valuable player , the most valuable person , the most valuable product on the field every day . " The complicated process of choosing the most valuable player is difficult because it is an award evaluating just one year . In baseball , several years of statistics and observations give us a much better evaluation of true talent . But , the beautiful part of baseball is every year any player has a chance to shine , a chance to rise above their true talent level and add valuable wins to their team . This is what the MVP award measures . Maybe they help their team into the playoffs , like Justin Verlander . Maybe , like Bautista , their performance separates them from other players , and maybe , as in the case of the Dodgers ' Kemp , they help bring a dying team back to life . The bottom line : Who came through the most when the game and season were on the line , played above and beyond their ability and brought their team the farthest ? Measure it by what is seen at the ballpark or what is calculated on paper - - or both - - but ultimately , the MVP should answer the question , which ballplayer had a season we should never forget ? " The Dodgers have hung in there , " Clark said . " They are not going to win anything . They are not going to the playoffs . Looking at the individual players , what they are doing , where they had to come from and the pressures they โ ve been under , I really believe the Dodgers have the MVP , CY Young and manager of the year . And I played for the Giants . I never was a Dodger fan . " Anna McDonald is a contributor for ESPN ' s Page 2 and covers the Yankees for the It ' s About the Money , part of the SweetSpot Network . You can follow her on Twitter at @ Anna__McDonald | [
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http://espn.go.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/34292/molinas-defense-grows-to-legend-status | Molina ' s defense grows to legend status Apr 2 , 2013 David Schoenfield ESPN Senior Writer " I do n ' t want to embarrass any other catcher by comparing him with Johnny Bench . " - - Sparky Anderson " In my 30 years in baseball , the closest total package I ' ve seen to ( Ivan Rodriguez ) is Johnny Bench . " - - Johnny Oates " The game has never seen a better catcher than Yadier Molina . " - - Tony La Russa * * * * Ultimately , it ' s a question that ca n ' t be answered , certainly not just by numbers or dusty anecdotes : Who has been baseball ' s greatest defensive catcher ? Certainly , you ca n ' t tell those baserunners who tried to steal - - or did n ' t try to steal - - on Johnny Bench that it would be anyone else . For those who played against Ivan Rodriguez , they ' ll tell stories of getting picked off base when all they heard - - let alone saw - - was Nelson Figueroa , the 38 - year - old pitcher who has spent parts of nine seasons in the majors but most of his professional career in the minor leagues , he ' d likely say it has to be Yadier Molina . Figueroa , a journeyman right - hander , helped Puerto Rico eliminate the United States in the World Baseball Classic in March , throwing six shutout innings with an assortment of sub - 90 - mph fastballs and offspeed pitches . In interviews , Figueroa praised Molina , the St . Louis Cardinals ' backstop , for instilling confidence in the Puerto Rican staff . That complete trust in Molina ' s pitch - calling abilities allowed them to focus on throwing a particular pitch rather than thinking about what pitch to throw . " I do n ' t throw very hard , but I ' ll pitch inside , " Figueroa said after beating the U.S. " A lot of times they ' ll sit outside , waiting for that breaking ball , and they wo n ' t get it . It was a great exhibition of what can be done without having a plus fastball . Yadier had a great plan . I did n ' t really have to shake him off , if at all . " The art of calling a game is the most subtle attribute a catcher brings to his job . The leadership required in helping a pitcher ' s confidence is certainly difficult to identify . A catcher ' s arm , however , is something we can all see . Molina mowed down Jimmy Rollins trying to steal in that game with a laser - beam throw right to the corner of second base to catch a guy who was 30 - for - 35 on stolen base attempts last season , and that was easy to admire . Cardinals catcher Yadier Molina is considered among the best in baseball at framing pitches . No wonder La Russa sang Molina ' s praises during the 2011 World Series : " Defensively . . . he does things in all phases better or as good as anybody I ' ve ever seen , " La Russa said . During that series , it was Molina , not Albert Pujols , who received the largest ovations from the Cardinals ' faithful . Molina ' s growth from a strong - armed catcher who could n ' t hit to team leader and star had turned him into the toast of a town that knows its baseball . But greatest defensive catcher of all time ? Can we go there ? * * * * " My idea is to really play the game of baseball . Not many people know what that can mean . You do n ' t give the other team a single extra out or base or at - bat . You do n ' t even give them one extra swing . You have to know the game to understand why a catcher feels so special about his work . You have every part of the game running through your fingers . " - - Carlton Fisk , " Why Time Begins On Opening Day " The best catchers have to call a game , work with pitchers , know the opposing hitters , know the umpires , frame pitches , block pitches in the dirt , scramble after popups , have the guts to call for a 3 - 2 slider with a runner on third and a tie game in the ninth , throw out runners , block the plate , and play with various pains , bruises and injuries that would send other position players crying into the trainer ' s room for mercy . Bench once went to the hospital to have a sore foot X - rayed , Washington Post columnist Thomas Boswell wrote . It was n ' t broken , but three previous breaks , now healed - - which Bench had played through - - showed up . Ever since he won his first Gold Glove Award as a 20 - year - old rookie , in 1968 , Bench has been the standard - bearer for all - around excellence behind the plate . He was big and strong , but also nimble and athletic ( he ' d play other positions on his rare days off from catching ) and possessed as powerful an arm as many old - timers had ever seen . He also revolutionized how the position was played : He caught the ball one - handed , as opposed to the traditional method at the time of two hands , which helped him cock his arm for a quicker release . He was so revered that heading into his sophomore season , Sports Illustrated wrote a profile already asking if he could be the greatest ever . In 1972 , in the midst of Bench ' s second MVP season , Anderson , his manager , said : " Johnny just does things other catchers ca n ' t do . We have a boy on our team , Bill Plummer , who can throw as hard , but there is no one who can come up throwing quicker than John . Nobody ever really steals a base on him . . . . If we had pitchers who could hold a runner , we ' d never have any bases stolen at all . Johnny will grab a ball that is inside and be in a throwing motion all at the same time . He has a Here ' s my favorite Johnny Bench stat : From 1970 to 1979 , the Reds played 45 postseason games . They stole 54 bases and got caught 17 times . Reds opponents stole - - get this - - six bases , and were caught 13 times . Four of those steals came in 1979 , by which time Bench ' s arm had started to go . Six - for - 19 in 45 games ? As Bench himself reportedly said , " I can throw out any man alive . " He was right . Hall of Fame catcher Johnny Bench won his first Gold Glove Award as a 20 - year - old rookie . The regular - season stats bear this out as well . The Reds annually allowed the fewest stolen bases in the league during Bench ' s prime , and he had the best caught stealing percentage three times in his career . In 1972 , the Reds allowed just 31 steals in 70 attempts ( 24 for 55 off Bench ) , when the league average was 70 steals in 126 attempts . Of course , caught stealing is only part of the defensive equation , although Bench earned praise in all aspects of his game . We do n ' t have Pitchf / x data beyond just the past few years , so there is no scientific way to measure how effective Bench or Rodriguez - - let alone Gabby Hartnett or Mickey Cochrane or Yogi Berra - - were at framing pitches . Bill James ' best defensive catchers by decade , from " The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract " : 1900s : Ossee Schreckengost 1910s : Ray Schalk 1920s : Muddy Ruel 1930s : Gabby Hartnett 1940s : Jim Hegan 1950s : Roy Campanella 1960s : Elston Howard 1970s : Johnny Bench 1980s : Jim Sundberg 1990s : Ivan Rodriguez It ' s hard to compare catchers from the early part of the 20th century to Molina , of course , although good defensive catchers were enormously valuable in the dead - ball era because of all the steal attempts and bunts . The stolen base largely disappeared from the 1920s to the early ' 60s , so while Campanella had a tremendous arm ( Baseball - Reference . com has him with a 57 percent career caught stealing rate , the best of all time ) , he faced very few steal attempts compared to more modern catchers , may be the greatest defensive catcher ever , but I think it ' s bit of a leap to make that judgment . So in limiting the discussion to players since Bench , I ' m comfortable in the list of candidates below . The list includes their career caught stealing percentage , the league average percentage during their careers , number of pickoffs , and Total Zone fielding runs from Baseball - Reference . com . Bench : 43 percent ( 35 league ) , 62 PO , + 97 runs Steve Yeager : 38 percent ( 33 league ) , 44 PO , + 70 runs Bob Boone : 40 percent ( 33 league ) , 76 PO , + 107 runs Jim Sundberg : 41 percent ( 35 league ) , 64 PO , + 114 runs Rodriguez : 46 percent ( 31 league ) , 88 PO , + 167 runs Molina : 45 percent ( 28 league ) , 46 PO , + 95 runs Gary Carter , Brad Ausmus and Rick Dempsey also would have their supporters . ( And if you want a sleeper best catcher ? How about a career backup named Charlie O ' Brien ? Tim Belcher raved about O ' Brien ' s pitch - framing abilities to Sports Illustrated in 1999 : Charlie never moves . Most catchers lunge at a ball , or at least stab at it a little . Charlie ? Nothing . No movement , no jerk , no reach . He ' s the best catcher I ' ve ever seen at making pitches look like strikes . O ' Brien was so good behind the plate James called Boone one of the top five defensive catchers ever ; considering he won Gold Gloves from ages 38 to 41 ( throwing out more than 40 percent of base stealers each year ) , it ' s certainly a conclusion that ' s hard to argue with . Boone was known as a consummate game - caller and he played on a lot of good teams with the Phillies , Angels and Royals . Sundberg won six straight Gold Gloves with the Rangers from 1976 to 1981 . James wrote that Yeager ' s arm was as strong As far as the Total Zone fielding stat , Rodriguez is way ahead , at least in terms of career total ( in part because he ' s played more games at catcher than anybody , nearly 700 more than Bench ) . As you can see , the caught stealing totals for Rodriguez and Molina are much better compared to their contemporaries than the others . Despite Rodriguez ' s arm strength ( he led his league nine times in caught stealing percentage , including a career - best 60 percent in 2001 ) and defensive rating on Baseball - Reference , I ' m reluctant to declare him better than Bench or Molina . During the first half of his career , there were a lot of grumblings that he did n ' t prepare before games with pitchers , choosing instead to focus on his hitting rather than going over game plans . Some suggested he called for too many fastballs to help him But you ' ll never hear about Molina disregarding some part of his game . His arm strength is on par with Bench ' s - - his career caught stealing rate of 45 percent is best among active catchers and he ' s led his league three times in that category ( he was at 48 percent last season , second by a hair to Cincinnati ' s Ryan Hanigan ) . Like Bench , Molina has caught for two World Series - winning teams . In 2006 , he directed a staff that included past - his - Molina also rates very well on pitch framing , according to this study by Mike Fast on Baseball Prospectus . Aside from what the Pitchf / x data says , you only have to listen to Figueroa and members of the Cardinals to know what Molina means to a pitching staff . Bench was a legendary figure in the early ' 70s , probably the most popular baseball player in America at the time . He was a better hitter than Molina ( although Molina is coming off a terrific season at the plate ) . But the game does run through Molina ' s fingers , and by the time his career winds down , I think he ' ll be remembered as the greatest defensive catcher we ' ve seen . | [
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http://espn.go.com/mlb/team/_/name/nym/new-york-mets | 2019 Schedule All times PT Spring Training @ Orioles W 9 - 7 vs Nationals W 8 - 4 @ Braves 12 - 2 @ Astros L 7 - 3 vs Cardinals L 15 - 5 vs Marlins 6 - 0 vs Nationals 6 - 5 @ Nationals 10 - 5 @ Marlins 11 - 6 Full Schedule 47m BBTN : Hot Astros , Jackie Robinson Day , deGrom Before an enlightening conversation with Jacob deGrom ( 49 : 22 ) , Buster & Tim Kurkjian discuss Jackie Robinson Day , the red hot Astros , dominant pitching staffs & more ( 11 : 38 ) . Plus , Negro Leagues Museum President Bob Kendrick ( 38 : 36 ) and Todd Radom ' s Cap Talk and latest uniform quiz ( 41 : 44 ) . 2h ESPN . com Power Rankings : Big tests coming for April ' s hot starters The Astros made a big move toward the top , but will they or any of April ' s hot starters still stand tall after this week ? 11h Teheran outduels deGrom , Donaldson powers Braves past Mets Julio Teheran outpitched Jacob deGrom , Josh Donaldson and Nick Markakis homered , and the Atlanta Braves beat the New York Mets 7 - 3 on Sunday night . 15h Vargas ' spot in Mets ' rotation safe for now Jason Vargas will keep his spot in the New York Mets ' rotation for at least one more start . 1d Buster Olney Olney : Jacob deGrom ' s origin story worthy of a pitching superhero The greatest pitcher on the planet wanted to play shortstop in college . But after he was coaxed to the mound , Mets scouts could n ' t believe what they saw . 3h David Schoenfield The most important storylines of the loaded NL East race The NL East is stacked with a quartet of contenders . Here are 10 keys to these four teams ' paths to the playoffs . 1d Freeman , Acuna , Swanson power Braves past Mets Freddie Freeman hit a go - ahead RBI single in the second inning , Ronald Acuna Jr . had his fifth straight multihit game and the Atlanta Braves snapped the New York Mets ' three - game winning streak with an 11 - 7 victory Saturday night . AP Photo / Frank Franklin II 2d Mets analyst Darling ( chest mass ) to take leave New York Mets announcer Ron Darling says he will have surgery next week to remove a " large mass in my chest " and hopes to return to the broadcast booth in May . deGrom hits homer off Sale in college ( 0 : 29 ) 3d Nimmo , McNeil back Wheeler in Mets ' win over Braves Brandon Nimmo hit a two - run homer , Jeff McNeil added a two - run double and the New York Mets kept hitting even without Pete Alonso , beating the Atlanta Braves 6 - 2 on Friday night . Brad Penner / USA TODAY Sports 3d ESPN . com MLB Weekend watch : Predictions , questions and series to watch We have aces aplenty , an LCS rematch and several intriguing matchups . Here ' s your guide to what will happen this weekend . Young Gronk Buster and Karl Ravech discuss the impact that Jackie Robinson and Hank Aaron had on MLB , the avalanche of criticism about Ozzie Albies ' extension , and the early season success of Mets rookie Pete Alonso ( 9 : 13 ) . Plus , NY Times ' Tyler Kepner with stories on Steve Carlton ' s slider , Madison Bumgarner ' s fastball , and Mike Mussina ' s curveball ( 38 : 54 ) . Splash ! Rosario , Alonso power Mets to 6 - 3 win over Braves Amed Rosario drove in a career - high four runs , rookie Pete Alonso rocketed his latest homer into a terrace fountain far beyond the center field fence and the New York Mets beat the Atlanta Braves 6 - 3 on Thursday night . Gregory J . Fisher / USA TODAY Sports 4d Rich Cimini Taco Tuesdays , bus rides and 0 - 2 sliders : Tim Tebow ' s life One promotion from the majors , but a world away from Citi Field - - or his past life as an NFL quarterback - - Tebow is learning to deal with the ups and downs of baseball while enjoying the ride . 5d Twins pitchers go wild , Syndergaard and Mets stroll 9 - 6 Jake Odorizzi and the Minnesota bullpen suddenly went wild , allowing seven straight batters to reach base despite not hitting a single fair ball and letting Noah Syndergaard and the New York Mets stroll past the Twins 9 - 6 Wednesday night . Mike Janes / Four Seam Images / AP Photos 5d Keith Law Law : The most loaded minor league rosters to start 2019 Want to see a future All - Star ? From A - ball to Triple - A , here ' s where to see teams packed with tomorrow ' s major leaguers . DeGrom ' s streaks end as Twins hit 6 HRs to rout Mets 14 - 8 Jacob deGrom ' s record - tying streak of quality starts ended at 26 when he allowed two home runs to Mitch Garver and one to Eddie Rosario in a 14 - 8 drubbing by the Minnesota Twins on Tuesday night , the worst outing in two years for the New York Mets ace . AP Photo / Frank Franklin II , File 6d Ex - Met Dykstra sues Darling for libel , defamation Lenny Dykstra is suing former Mets teammate Ron Darling for defamation . ESPN Illustration 7d Power Rankings : Who has made best ( and worst ) first impressions ? A major reshuffle in our top 10 shows that some teams are making the most of a new season - - and others have holes to dig out of . 8d Scherzer gets 1st win , Nats beat wild Mets 12 - 9 Max Scherzer got his first win , Anthony Rendon hit a three - run homer and the Washington National were helped by 12 walks in a 12 - 9 win over the New York Mets on Sunday . AP Photo / Jeff Roberson 8d Mets activate d ' Arnaud less than 1 year after TJ The Mets have activated catcher Travis d ' Arnaud nearly one year to the day since he last appeared in a game before undergoing Tommy John surgery . 9d Mets hit 5 home runs , rally past Nationals 6 - 5 Rookie Pete Alonso and Robinson Cano hit back - to - back home runs to begin the eighth and Keon Broxton lined an RBI single later in the inning , lifting the New York Mets over the Washington Nationals 6 - 5 Saturday . 10d BBTN : Stellar Pitching , Cubs In Trouble , Mendoza Buster & Karl Ravech discuss Thursday ' s stellar pitching performances , the implosion of the Cubs and more ( 12 : 03 ) . Plus , Jessica Mendoza stops by ( 34 : 35 ) and Coley Harvey brings some Inside Heat on the Yankees ( 50 : 26 ) . 10d Schedule upsets Thor as travel - weary Mets fall After a late return from Miami early Thursday morning , Mets starting pitcher Noah Syndergaard was n ' t happy the Mets had an afternoon game for their home opener . He thinks the short turnaround was a factor in a 4 - 0 loss to the Nationals . | [
"NEW YORK METS"
] |
http://espn.go.com/mlb/topics/_/page/no-hitter | TOPICS No - Hitter Updated : June 9 , 2015 , 9 : 53 PM ET Overview MLB Definition MLB History Facts & Figures A no - hitter is a baseball game in which one team prevents the other from recording a hit during the entire game . In Major League Baseball , rules dictate what constitutes an official no - hitter , the most basic of which is that the team pitching the no - hitter must pitch at least nine innings . According to the Elias Sports Bureau , there have been 287 official major league no - hitters , including two in the postseason . A no - hitter , or no - hit game , is a complete game in which a team does not record a hit , although the team ' s runners can reach base via other methods ( most frequently a walk , hit - by - pitch or error ) . A no - hitter in which no batter reaches base safely is referred to as a perfect game . Only 23 of the no - hitters in baseball history have been perfect games . Because a team can throw a no - hitter and still allow baserunners , The most recent no - hitter in Major League Baseball was thrown by Chris Heston of the San Francisco Giants , who threw one against the New York Mets on June 9 , 2015 . Although any game in which a team fails to record a hit can generally be defined as a no - hitter , Major League Baseball has a specific definition to set certain parameters on a no - hitter . The current rule , established by the Committee for Statistical Accuracy in 1991 , is : " An official perfect game occurs when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings . In a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . An official no - hit game occurs when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) allows no hits during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings . In a no - hit game , a batter may reach base via a walk , an error , a hit by pitch , a passed ball or wild pitch on strike three , or catcher ' s interference . " The language in this rule caused some previously recognized no - hitters to be removed from the record books , usually in cases where a visiting pitcher had given up a run in a no - hitter and lost without pitching the ninth inning , or when a pitcher had thrown a no - hitter through nine innings but gave up a hit in extra innings . Pre - 1900 The first official no - hitter recognized by Major League Baseball was thrown by George Bradley of the defunct St . Louis Brown Stockings against the also - defunct Hartford Dark Blues on July 15 , 1876 . It was nearly four years before another no - hitter was thrown , but in the 1880s , they started to become common . In 1880 , one of four no - hitters thrown was the first perfect game in MLB history , by Lee Richmond of the Worcester Ruby Legs . In 1884 , there were eight no - hitters thrown In 1882 , Larry Corcoran became the first pitcher to throw multiple no - hitters in his career ( he ' d also thrown one in 1880 ) . He added a third no - hitter in 1884 , a record that would not be topped until Sandy Koufax threw his fourth no - hitter ( a perfect game ) in 1965 . On Oct . 15 , 1892 , Bumpus Jones threw a no - hitter in his first major league game . On April 22 , 1898 , two different Major League Baseball pitchers threw no - hitters on the same day . Ted Breitenstein of the Cincinnati Reds no - hit the Pittsburgh Pirates , and later that day Jay Hughes of the defunct Baltimore Orioles no - hit the Boston Beaneaters ( now known as the Atlanta Braves ) . Dead - ball era Nixey Callahan of the Chicago White Sox threw the first no - hitter in the American League against the Detroit Tigers on Sept . 20 , 1902 . ( The league was founded in 1901 . ) In 1908 , there were six no - hitters thrown , including the third by Hall of Famer Cy Young , but the next season was played without a no - hitter for the first time since 1896 . The 1917 season saw three no - hitter firsts in MLB . On May 2 , the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds became the first teams to each fail to record a hit through nine innings of the same game . Hippo Vaughn of the Cubs lost his no - hitter in the 10th , but Fred Toney of the Reds finished his extra - inning no - hitter . On May 5 and 6 , the St . Louis Browns ( now the Baltimore Orioles ) became the first team to throw no - hitters on back - to - back days . Ernie Koob no - hit the Chicago White Sox on the fifth , and a day later , Bob Groom no - hit the White Sox in the second game of a doubleheader . No team has thrown no - hitters in consecutive games . On June 23 , 1917 , MLB saw its first combined no - hitter , under interesting circumstances . Boston Red Sox starting pitcher Babe Ruth was ejected for arguing balls and strikes after walking the first batter . Ernie Shore came in to replace Ruth . The baserunner , Ray Morgan of the Washington Senators ( now the Minnesota Twins ) , was caught stealing and Shore retired the next 26 batters in order for an official no - hitter and an unofficial " imperfect game . " 1920s As baseball moved into an era of increased offense , no - hitter frequency declined . Before 1920 , there had been 91 official no - hitters , including 29 in the decade between 1910 and 1919 . In the 1920s , there were nine no - hitters , and three seasons ( 1921 , 1927 , 1928 ) went by without a no - hitter . Charlie Robertson of the Chicago White Sox did end a perfect game drought of more than 12 seasons when he threw one against the Detroit Tigers on April 30 , 1922 . To this day , it ' s the only perfect game ever thrown in April , and it would be the last perfect game thrown in a major league game for more than 30 years . 1930s In 1931 there were two no - hitters thrown , including Wes Ferrell ' s no - hitter for the Cleveland Indians in which he also hit a home run , the first time that feat had been achieved . After Bobby Burke ' s no - hitter for the Senators , there would n ' t be another no - hitter for 1,140 days , the longest drought in baseball history in terms of days . Paul " Daffy " Dean ended the drought when he threw a no - hitter for the St . Louis Cardinals against the Brooklyn Dodgers on Sept . 21 , 1934 . That came in the second game of a doubleheader in which Paul ' s brother , Dizzy Dean , had taken a no - hitter into the ninth inning in the opening game . In 1938 , Johnny Vander Meer made no - hit history throwing no - hitters in back - to - back starts for the Cincinnati Reds . The first came on June 11 against the Boston Braves and the second was on June 15 against the Brooklyn Dodgers in the first night game in Ebbets Field history . 1940s Indians pitcher Bob Feller got the 1940s off to a strong start , throwing the first of his three career no - hitters on opening day of the 1940 season against the Chicago White Sox . Although pitchers have since thrown no - hitters earlier by calendar date ( Feller ' s came on April 16 , 1940 ) , no other pitcher has thrown an Opening Day no - hitter . In 1947 , Ewell Blackwell of the Reds no - hit the Boston Braves on June 18 , then four days later took a no - hitter into the ninth inning against the Brooklyn Dodgers but had it broken up by Eddie Stanky . 1950s The 1950s were a strong decade for no - hitters . Three different pitchers - - Allie Reynolds , Virgil Trucks and Carl Erskine - - each threw multiple no - hitters , while Feller threw the last of his three and Jim Bunning threw the first of his two . Eight years after Jackie Robinson broke baseball ' s color barrier , Sam Jones of the Chicago Cubs became the first African - American pitcher to throw a no - hitter when he no - hit the Pittsburgh Pirates on May 12 , 1955 . On Oct . 8 , 1956 , Don Larsen of the New York Yankees made history , throwing the first no - hitter in postseason history . Larsen ' s no - hitter , a perfect game , came against the Brooklyn Dodgers in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series . There would not be another postseason no - hitter until 54 years later , and Larsen ' s performance remains the only perfect game in postseason history . Although not a no - hitter , Harvey Haddix ' s performance on May 26 , 1959 has become synonymous with the term . Haddix , then with the Pirates , carried a perfect game through 12 innings of a game against the Milwaukee Braves . In the 13th inning , a batter reached on an error , then Haddix gave up what would have been a home run , but ended up a double because Joe Adcock passed Hank Aaron on the basepaths . Haddix ' s game was listed as a perfect game until the revision of MLB 1960s The 1960s were a dominant era for pitching , and no - hitters were no exception . More than 30 no - hitters were thrown in the decade , including the only two official no - hitters in losing efforts . On April 23 , 1964 , Ken Johnson of the Houston Colt .45s ( now the Houston Astros ) became the first pitcher to lose a nine - inning complete game no - hitter when he was beaten 1 - 0 by the Cincinnati Reds . On April 30 , 1967 , Steve Barber and Stu Miller of the Orioles combined to no - hit the Detroit Tigers but lost 2 - 1 . On June 21 , 1964 , Jim Bunning threw the first regular - season perfect game since 1964 , holding the New York Mets without a baserunner . It was the first no - hitter of any kind by a Philadelphia Phillies pitcher since 1906 . Sandy Koufax broke the major league record for no - hitters thrown by a pitcher when he threw four in four seasons between 1962 and 1965 . Koufax ' s record - breaking fourth no - hitter was a perfect game on Sept . 9 , 1965 . Koufax held the Cubs without a baserunner , while opposing starter Bob Hendley allowed just one hit and one walk , with the only run coming on a throwing error by the catcher . The one combined hit and two combined baserunners are both records for an MLB game . On Sept . 17 - 18 , 1968 , the San Francisco Giants and St . Louis Cardinals went back - to - back with no - hitters . First , Gaylord Perry of the Giants no - hit the Cardinals , then the next day , Ray Washburn of the Cardinals no - hit the Giants . A year later , the Reds and Astros matched the feat , with Jim Maloney of the Reds no - hitting the Astros on April 30 , 1969 , and Don Wilson of the Astros no - hitting the Reds on May 1 . 1970s Dock Ellis threw one of baseball ' s most notable no - hitters on June 12 , 1970 , as the Pirates defeated the San Diego Padres 2 - 0 . In 1984 , Ellis said he had been under the influence of LSD throughout the course of the game and was not able to clearly see the batter or catcher . On June 23 , 1971 , Rick Wise of the Phillies no - hit the Reds while also hitting two home runs . He remains the only pitcher to achieve that feat . Although Nolan Ryan had won a World Series in 1969 with the Mets , he emerged in the 1970s as a no - hitter record setter . On May 15 , 1973 , Ryan threw his first no - hitter as the California Angels defeated the Kansas City Royals , 3 - 0 . Exactly two months later , Ryan threw his second career no - hitter , beating the Tigers 6 - 0 . Ryan remains the most recent pitcher to throw two regular - season no - hitters in the same season ( though in 2010 , Roy Halladay threw one in the regular season and one in the postseason ) . Ryan threw two more no - hitters that decade , one in 1974 and one in 1975 , matching the career mark set by Koufax a decade earlier . On the final day of the 1975 season ( Sept . 28 , 1975 ) , the Oakland Athletics set an American League record for most pitchers used in a no - hitter , when Vida Blue ( 5 IP ) , Glenn Abbott ( 1 IP ) , Paul Lindblad ( 1 IP ) and Rollie Fingers ( 2 IP ) combined to no - hit the Angels . On June 16 , 1978 , Tom Seaver of the Reds pitched his only career no - hitter after having had three previous bids broken up in the ninth inning as a member of the Mets . 1980s On Sept . 26 , 1981 , Nolan Ryan broke the career record for no - hitters , throwing his fifth - - and his first for the Houston Astros - - against the Los Angeles Dodgers , Koufax ' s old team . A month later , the Dodgers went on to win the World Series . On July 4 , 1983 , Dave Righetti of the New York Yankees threw the first of three no - hitters in baseball that season . It was the first no - hitter by a Yankees pitcher since Don Larsen ' s perfect game and the first in the regular season since 1951 . Pitchers threw three perfect games in the 1980s after there were none in the ' 70s . The first was thrown by Len Barker of the Indians against the Toronto Blue Jays on May 15 , 1981 . Mike Witt of the Angels threw one against the Texas Rangers on the final day of the 1984 season ( Sept . 30 , 1984 ) , and Tom Browning threw one of the Cincinnati Reds on Sept . 16 , 1988 , against the Los Angeles Dodgers , who won the World Series a month later . 1990s After there were only 13 no - hitters in MLB in the 1980s , there were 14 combined in 1990 and 1991 alone - - seven in each season . In 1990 , Randy Johnson , Nolan Ryan , Dave Stewart , Fernando Valenzuela , Terry Mulholland and Dave Stieb all threw complete game no - hitters , and Mark Langston and Mike Witt ( who ' d previously thrown a perfect game ) combined on a no - hitter for the California Angels . The no - hitters thrown by Stewart and Valenzuela both came on June 29 as part of an ESPN doubleheader . In 1991 , Nolan Ryan , Tommy Greene , Dennis Martinez , Wilson Alvarez and Bret Saberhagen all threw complete game no - hitters . Bob Milacki , Mike Flanagan , Mark Williamson and Gregg Olson combined on a no - hitter for the Orioles and Kent Mercker , Mark Wohlers and Alejandro Pena combined on one for the Braves . Ryan ' s no - hitter was the seventh and final of his career , and at 44 he remains the oldest pitcher to throw a no - hitter . Martinez ' s no - hitter was a perfect game . There was at least one no - hitter thrown in every year in the 1990s , with 1992 , 1995 and 1998 being the only years that saw a single no - hitter . In addition to Martinez ' s performance , there were three other perfect games thrown in the 1990s . Kenny Rogers threw one for the Texas Rangers on July 28 , 1994 . David Wells threw one for the Yankees on May 17 , 1998 , and his teammate David Cone joined him a year later , throwing a perfect game against the Montreal Expos on July 18 , 1999 . Cone ' s perfect game was the first in interleague play and the first between an American League and National League team since Don Larsen ' s perfect game in the 1956 World Series . 2000s There were no no - hitters thrown in 2000 , the first season without a no - hitter since 1989 . The next year , there were three no - hitters , including Hideo Nomo ' s for the Boston Red Sox on April 4 , 2001 against the Orioles , the earliest on the calendar a no - hitter has ever been thrown . On June 11 , 2003 , the Houston Astros established an MLB record , using six pitchers to no - hit the New York Yankees . Starting pitcher Roy Oswalt left the game with an injury after throwing one pitch in the second inning , and Houston used five relievers to finish the game , with Brad Lidge earning the win . Randy Johnson , who ' d thrown a no - hitter 14 years earlier , threw a perfect game for the Arizona Diamondbacks against the Atlanta Braves on May 18 , 2004 . It was the only no - hitter of that season , and there would n ' t be another no - hitter in the majors until Sept . 6 , 2006 , a stretch of 6,364 games played , the longest drought in terms of games in MLB history . Sanchez ' s no - hitter , the fourth in the brief history of the Florida Marlins , kicked off a run on no - hitters not seen since the early 1990s . There were three no - hitters in the 2007 season , two in the 2008 season , two in 2008 and six in 2010 ( including one in the postseason ) . On July 26 , 2010 , Matt Garza threw the first no - hitter in Tampa Bay Rays history against the Detroit Tigers . The Rays had been no - hit three times in the previous 12 months prior to Garza ' s no - hitter . 2010s Between 2009 and 2010 , three pitchers threw perfect games : Mark Buehrle of the White Sox ( who also threw a no - hitter in 2007 in which he faced the minimum 27 batters ) , Dallas Braden of the Oakland Athletics and Roy Halladay of the Phillies . There would have been a fourth , but Armando Galarraga ' s " imperfect " game on June 2 , 2010 was broken up after 26 outs when first - base umpire Jim Joyce incorrectly called Jason Donald safe at first on what would have been the 27th out . Galarraga lost the perfect game and the no - hitter , but retired the next batter . Halladay threw his perfect game on May 29 , 2010 , just 20 days after Braden ' s , easily the shortest amount of time between perfect games in baseball history . Halladay added to the record books on Oct . 6 , 2010 , when he became just the second pitcher in baseball history to throw a no - hitter in the postseason , holding the Cincinnati Reds without a hit in Game 1 of the 2010 National League Division Series . Halladay also had an RBI single in the game , which was the first of his postseason In 2012 , Philip Humber became the latest pitcher to throw a perfect game , pitching one against the Seattle Mariners on April 21 . It marked the fourth perfect game in four seasons , after there had been just one from 2000 to 2008 . Two weeks later , Jered Weaver - - who ' d combined for an 8 - inning non - official no - hitter earlier in his career - - threw a complete - game no - hitter for the Angels against the Twins . Then , a month later , Johan Santana finally ended the Mets ' long no - hitter drought , throwing the first one in franchise history in the 8,020th game the Mets played . Santana ' s no - hitter left the Padres as the only franchise without one . On August 15 , 2012 , Felix Hernandez of the Mariners - - who ' d thrown a combined no - hitter earlier in the season - - completed a perfect game , making 2012 the first MLB season with three perfect games . Homer Bailey added the season ' s seventh no - hitter with a 1 - 0 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates on September 28 , 2012 , making the 2012 season just the third with seven no - hitters . In 2014 , Tim Lincecum became the first pitcher to no - hit the same team twice . He had already no - hit the San Diego Padres in Petco Park on July 13 , 2013 , but then he no - hit them again on June 25 , 2014 , although this time he did it in front of his fans in San Francisco . As of the Phillies ' four - man combined no - hitter ( started by Cole Hamels ) on September 1 , 2014 , there have been 286 official no - hitters in the history of the American and National Leagues , including the postseason . Twenty - three of them have been perfect games and two have come in the postseason ( including one perfect game ) . Twenty - nine of the 30 active MLB franchises have thrown at least one no - hitter , with only the San Diego Padres without one . The most recent franchise to throw its first no - hitter was the New York Mets , who ended their 51 - year drought of futility when Johan Santana threw a no - hitter against the St . Louis Cardinals on June 1 , 2012 . In the modern era , the record for most no - hitters in a season is seven , done in 1990 , 1991 and 2012 . There were six no - hitters in 1969 , 1917 and 1908 , as well as 2010 ( including postseason ) . Four pitchers - - Johnny Vander Meer ( 1938 Reds ) , Allie Reynolds ( 1951 Yankees ) , Virgil Trucks ( 1952 Tigers ) and Nolan Ryan ( 1973 Angels ) - - have thrown two no - hitters during the same regular season . Roy Halladay ( 2010 Phillies ) is the only pitcher to throw two no - hitters in the same season , with one coming in the regular season and one in the postseason . Pitchers to Throw Multiple No - Hitters In MLB history , there have been 28 pitchers to throw multiple career no - hitters , most recently Tim Lincecum , who threw one in 2013 and another in 2014 . Pitcher No - Hitters Notes Nolan Ryan 7 Sandy Koufax 4 Bob Feller 3 Cy Young 3 ( 1st in 19th century ) Larry Corcoran ( 19th century ) Justin Verlander 2 Roy Halladay 2 ( including 2010 postseason ) Mark Buehrle Jim Bunning Steve Busby Carl Erskine Bob Forsch Pud Galvin ( 19th century ) Ken Holtzman Addie Joss Dutch Leonard Tim Lincecum Jim Maloney Christy Mathewson Allie Reynolds Warren Spahn Bill Stoneman Virgil Trucks Johnny Vander Meer Don Wilson Hideo Nomo Randy Johnson Frank Smith Al Atkinson ( American Association ) Ted Breitenstein ( American Association ) Adonis Terry Pitchers to Throw Perfect Game And Additional No - Hitter in MLB History Perfect Game Other No - Hitters 2010 1 ( postseason ) Mark Buehrle 2009 1 2004 1 > > Sandy Koufax 1965 > > Jim Bunning 1964 > > Addie Joss 1908 > > Cy Young 1904 > > Hall - of - Famer Combined No - Hitters , MLB History National League 2014 : Cole Hamels ( 6 inn ) , Jake Diekman ( 1 inn ) , Ken Giles ( 1 inn ) , Jonathan Papelbon ( 1 inn ) , Phillies ( September 1 at Braves 2003 : Roy Oswalt ( 1 inn ) , Pete Munro ( 2.2 inn ) , Kirk Saarloos ( 1.1 inn ) , Brad Lidge ( 2 inn ) , Octavio Dotel ( 1 inn ) , Billy Wagner ( 1 inn ) , Astros ( June 11 at Yankees ) 1997 : Francisco Cordova ( 9 inn ) and Ricardo Rincon ( 1 inn ) , Pirates ( July 12 vs . Astros ) 1991 : Kent Mercker ( 6 inn ) , Mark Wohlers ( 2 inn ) and Alejandro Pena ( 1 inn ) , Braves ( Sept 11 vs . Padres ) American League 2012 : Kevin Millwood ( 6 inn ) , Charlie Furbush ( 0.2 inn ) , Stephen Pryor ( 0.1 inn ) , Lucas Luetge ( 0.1 inn ) , Brandon League ( 0.2 inn ) , Tom Wilhelmsen ( 1 inn ) , Mariners ( June 8 , 2012 vs . Dodgers ) 1991 : Bob Milacki ( 6 inn ) , Mike Flanagan ( 1 inn ) , Mark Williamson ( 1 inn ) and Gregg Olson ( 1 inn ) , Orioles ( July 13 at Athletics ) 1990 : Mark Langston ( 7 inn ) and Mike Witt ( 2 inn ) , Angels ( Apr . 11 vs Mariners ) 1976 : Blue Moon Odom ( 5 inn ) and Francisco Barrios ( 4 inn ) , White Sox ( July 28 at Athletics ) 1975 : Vida Blue ( 5 inn ) , Paul Lindblad ( 1 inn ) , and Rollie Fingers ( 2 inn ) , Athletics ( Sept . 28 vs Angels ) 1967 : Steve Barber ( 8 2 / 3 inn ) and Stu Miller ( 1 / 3 inn ) , Orioles ( Apr . 30 vs . Tigers - lost 2 - 1 ) 1917 : Babe Ruth ( 0 inn ) and Ernie Shore ( 9 inn ) , Red Sox ( June 23 vs Senators ) Interleague 2012 : Kevin Millwood ( 6 inn ) , Charlie Furbush ( 2 / 3 inn ) , Stephen Pryor ( 1 / 3 inn ) , Lucas Luetge ( 1 / 3 inn ) , Brandon League ( 2 / 3 inn ) , Tom Wilhelmsen ( 1 inn ) , Mariners ( June 8 vs Dodgers ) 2003 : Roy Oswalt ( 1 inn ) , Peter Munro ( 2 2 / 3 inn ) , Kirk Saarloos ( 1 1 / 3 inn ) , Brad Lidge ( 2 inn ) , Octavio Dotel ( 1 inn ) , Billy Wagner ( 1 inn ) , Astros ( June 11 at Yankees ) Did You Know ? โข The Mets streak of 8,019 consecutive games played before throwing their first no - hitter was the longest in MLB history . โข Ervin Santana ' s no - hitter on July 27 , 2011 was just the fourth in the divisional era in which a team threw a no - hitter but did not record a shutout . The previous such no - hitter came in 1993 . โข Tim Lincecum is the second player in MLB history to no - hit the same team twice , having held the Sand Diego Padres in check in 2013 and 2014 . The first to no - hit an opponent twice was Hall of Famer Addie Joss , who threw a perfect game against the White Sox in 1908 , and no - hit them again in 1910 . โข Justin Verlander is the second player in MLB history to win a Rookie of the Year Award ( 1st awarded in 1947 ) and throw 2 no - hitters . The other is Hideo Nomo . Verlander is the 2nd Tigers pitcher two throw 2 no - hitters for the franchise ; the other to do so was Virgil Trucks who did it twice during the 1952 season . โข Since earned runs became an official statistic in 1913 , only two pitchers have entered a game with an ERA above 9.00 ( minimum 3 games ) and thrown a no - hitter : Bill Dietrich ( 10.13 ) in 1937 and Francisco Liriano ( 9.13 ) in 2011 . โข Francisco Liriano is the fifth different pitcher from the Dominican Republic to throw a no - hitter , the most for any country outside the United States . โข Francisco Liriano ' s two strikeouts were the fewest in a no - hitter since Jerry Reuss in 1980 . โข Miguel Olivo and Jeff Kellogg , the catcher and home plate ump for Ubaldo Jimenez ' s no - hitter ( 2010 ) , were both behind the plate for Anibal Sanchez ' s no - hitter in 2006 . โข Ubaldo Jimenez , who threw a no - hitter vs . the Braves on April 17 , 2010 , also gave up Barry Bonds ' last career HR , No . 762 . Bonds hit the HR on Sept . 5 , 2007 . โข Jason Varitek set a major league record when he caught his fourth no - hitter by Jon Lester ( Nomo , Lowe , Buchholz ) . 12 catchers have caught 3 no - hitters : Charles Johnson , Alan Ashby , Jeff Torborg , Bill Carrigan , Del Crandall , Ed McFarland , Jim Hegan , Luke Sewell , Ray Schalk , Roy Campanella , Val Picinich , and Yogi Berra . โข Jason Varitek hit a HR and caught a no - hitter on May 19 , 2008 . The last player to catch a no - hitter and hit a HR before Varitek was Charles Johnson on Kevin Brown ' s no - hitter on June 10 , 1997 at SF . โข The most walks in a complete game no - hitter is 10 by Jim Maloney ( in 10 IP ) . Maloney fanned 12 in the Reds 1 - 0 , 10 inning win vs . the Cubs on August , 19 , 1965 . A.J. Burnett ' s 9 walks are the most ever in a 9 - inning complete game no hitter in modern major league history . โข Joe Girardi ( on Sept . 6 , 2006 ) became the 1st manager since Jeff Torborg ( 1991 ) to manage a no - hitter after catching one . โข The only pitcher to throw a no - hitter on opening day is Bob Feller in 1940 vs the White Sox . It was one of three career no - hitters for Feller . โข Hideo Nomo ' s second no - hitter on April 4 , 2001 was the earliest thrown by date in Major League history . โข The last pitcher to throw a no - hitter in the first season at a new ballpark was Kenny Rogers of the Rangers ( July 28 , 1994 vs . the Angels at the Ballpark in Arlington , perfect game ) . โข In the last 30 years , the only pitcher to hurl a no - hitter the year after switching leagues is Al Leiter in 1996 for the Marlins . Dwight Gooden threw one the same year in his first season as a Yankee but did n ' t pitch the previous season . The only other pitcher to turn the feat in the divisional era since 1969 was Jim Bibby for the 1973 Rangers after starting the year for the Cardinals . โข The only pitcher since 1900 to throw a no - hitter in his 1st major - league start was Bobo Holloman for the 1953 St . Louis Browns . Holloman pitched only one season in the majors as he was demoted later that same season . โข The last team to be no - hit during the regular season and go on to win the World Series was the 1988 Dodgers . | [
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http://espn1420.com/author/bryckman/ | Billy Ryckman Billy Ryckman is one of only a handful of football players to be born and raised in Lafayette that got the chance to play in the NFL He was certainly one of the first to do so Billy played high school ball for the Lafayette High Mighty Lions as a small but slow WR After high school he attended Louisiana Tech and then went on to the NFL Billy was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons where he played for in the late 70s tills the early 80s After football Billy moved back to Lafayette to raise two kids He began Meet the Staff Steve Peloquin Kevin Foote Billy Ryckman Scott Prather Jay Walker Greg Larnerd Cody Junot Sports Radio ESPN 1420 on Facebook Our Facebook page is sponsored by Sign up to get exclusive access to VIP events contests coupons giveaways presales and much more Sign Up Now | [
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http://espnova.org/adopt/ | 2018 Counter Number of dogs rescued 36 Assisted adoptions 5 as of 52618 Follow on Instagram Adopt Step 1 Fill out an application We ask all potential adopters to fill out an application Every pet has specific needs and we want to make sure you find your perfect pet and our pets find the perfect home New Online Application ESP_adopt_application PDF ESP_adopt_application Word You may drop off your application at our Sunday adoption event or email it to adopt at espnova dot org Keep in mind we strongly consider the order the applications are received but overall we go by best fit Highly adoptable puppies dogs and cats are available in Virginia only Overlooked dogs and cats are available to out of state homes Please understand that if any of the following apply we will not follow through with the adoption of one of our animals If you intend to declaw crop the ears off dock the tail off or have any other cosmetic procedures performed on your pet of interest If you currently have any animals in your household that are unaltered You intend to use an electricinvisible fence If the pet is intended to be given to anyone other than the individual filling out this application If the pet is going to be considered an outdoor only pet or is going to be left outside unattended for any length of time You are under the age of 21 You are not prepared for the responsibilities of a new pet You can not provide documentation that pets are accepted at your residence applies to renters only Step 2 Pass a home check If your application is approved you will be subject to a home check We want to make sure every pet has a safe environment to live in Step 3 Pay the adoption fee Before your new rescue animal goes home we ask that you pay the adoption fee Adult Dogs 250 Puppies 350 Please understand that we operate purely on donations so to help us continue to rescue more animals and recoup from the expenses we put into your pet we ask for this At any given time we on average have 1500 worth of vet bills that need to be paid off please dont ask for a discount Puppy adoption fee includes Spay or Neuter Microchip Rabies vaccine 3 distemper vaccines Dog adoption fee includes Spay or Neuter Microchip Rabies vaccine Distemper vaccine Tested for HeartwormLymesEhrlichia If you were to pay for items covered by the adoption fee of a medium adult dog taken from a local vet website 300 Neuter 2650 lb 30 Distemper vaccine 20 Rabies vaccine 60 HeartwormLymesEhrlichia test 40 Microchip 450 Total You are saving a life and money Adoption Guidelines We can hold a dog up to 3 days after the application is approved after 3 days there is a 20day boarding fee added to the adoption fee Payment must be made prior to receiving the animal There is a 35 returned check fee the adopter has 3 days to pay in full with cash or the pet must be returned | [
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http://ess.khhq.net/wiki/Command_Reference | Command Reference Essentials is made up of multiple components , you must place each jar that you intend to use in your Minecraft / Bukkit plugins folder . You will generally not need / want all components , ignore the commands & permissions from the modules you have n ' t installed . If you are n ' t sure what each component does , first check the breakdown page Permissions are n ' t automatically inclusive , you will need to give both ' essentials . spawnmob ' and either ' essentials . spawnmob . wolf ' or ' essentials . spawnmob . * ' to allow use of " / spawnmob wolf " . See also : Group Manager / Commands Command Reference / Spawning Sign Tutorial , and AntiBuild Command Reference < param > : Required Parameter [ param ] : Optional Parameter / < command > The command you type into Minecraft . Permissions Click on the command for more info and permissions http : / / wiki . mc - ess . net / doc / | [
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http://ess.nychhc.org/benefits.html | Home Benefits Careers Civil Service Examination Employee Self Service Manager Self Service Forms Leaves of Absence Performance Management Safety Wellness Savings Retirement Workers Compensation Employee Resources Center Benefits Benefits As a NYC Health Hospitals employee benefits are an important part of your total compensation package Your complete benefit package includes medical dental and a contributory retirement plan As you explore the various benefits you will notice affordable premiums generous leave policies and additional retirement savings options Benefits are available to all regular fulltime and parttime employees NonManager Group 12 Employees Manager Group 11 Employees Benefits Enrollment Savings Retirement Transit Benefit Employee Discounts Corporate Perks Tuition Assistance Union Welfare Fund Contact Information See a full description of my benefits For more information about many of our employee benefits select from the links on the right For additional highlights and a full detailed listing of benefits download the latest Guide to Benefits and Summary Plan Description Speak to a benefits specialist We are available to answer your questions by phone or email Monday Friday 8 am to 6 pm Call 6464585634 or email HHCBenefitsnychhcorg and we will connect you to the appropriate staff member | [
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http://essayeveryday.blogspot.com/2012/01/examinations-should-be-abolished_06.html | Essay Every Day Friday , January 6 , 2012 Should examinations be abolished ? If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on ' Should examinations be abolished ? ' . What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements . Specify your order details , state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality paper right on time . Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in ' Should examinations be abolished ? ' , therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists . Order your paper at affordable prices with LivePaperHelp . com ! Should examinations be abolished ? I feel that examinations should be abolished . We know that the examination system has come to be the main theme of modern education . Every one from his early child - hood should take endless examinations and succeed in passing them , before he could graduate from a college or university . As much importance has been attached to it in school education , it has been subjected to mounting criticism . Let us define examination and abolish . Examination is a spoken or written test of knowledge whereas abolish means to officially end a law , system , Firstly , because of the existence of the examination system , students go out for gaining high marks so that they often forget the main purpose of education . Many so - called clever students are nothing but bookworms who merely know the skeleton of knowledge . The aim of education is to enable students to learn how to live , how to work , and how to contribute to the country with their expertise . To do this , the students must receive training , in physical as well as mental areas . But the examination system has discouraged Secondly , examinations test only a limited range of skills , they favour people who have a good memory and good exam techniques even though they may not be very original or imaginative . Examinations encourage competition and favour academically gifted students , the less able who actually need the most help get neglected . In fact , examinations do no prepare us for life , it is not them that makes us successful . It depends on ones mind . Thirdly , examinations also encourage dishonesty . Since many students try so hard to get high marks , there is a great temptation for them to cheat in the exams . They cheat not only their teachers , their parents , but themselves as well . Not only that , examinations are also capable of injuring one โ s health . Examinations fill one with fear , anxiety , dejection after failure , depression , and pride after getting a good rank . Children and their parents develop cold feet at the thought of an approaching examination . They get palpitation with sweaty palms and soles . Some even burn the midnight oil just to revise the remaining topics they had not covered . In the midst of all these , little do they know that they are actually injuring their health . In conclusion , examinations should be abolished . Please note that this sample paper on ' Should examinations be abolished ? ' is for your review only . In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues , it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes . In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on ' Should examinations be abolished ? ' , we are here to assist you . Your cheap research papers on ' Should examinations be abolished ? ' will be written from scratch , so you do not have to worry about its originality . Order your authentic assignment from LivePaperHelp . com and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible ! Email This BlogThis ! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest ะฏัะปัะบะธ : example essay example of a persuasive essay example of essay Newer Post Older Post Home | [
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http://essaymania.com/85643/the-great-gatsby-idealism-vs-materialism | The Great Gatsby Idealism Vs Materialism Term paper While the free essays can give you inspiration for writing , they can not be used ' as is ' because they will not meet your assignment ' s requirements . If you are in a time crunch , then you need a custom written term paper on your subject ( the great gatsby idealism vs materialism ) Here you can hire an independent writer / researcher to custom write you an authentic essay to your specifications that will pass any plagiarism test ( e.g. Turnitin ) . Waste no more time ! The Great Gatsby , a novel by F . Scott Fitzgerald , is about idealism and the American Dream , and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals . The attempt to capture the American Dream is different for different people , but in The Great Gatsby , for Jay , the dream is that through wealth and power , one can find happiness . To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream and to do this he must have wealth and power . Jay Gatsby , the central The rest of the paper is available free of charge to our registered users . The registration process just could n ' t be easier . Log in or register now . It is all free ! More College Papers Comparison Of The Heart Of Darkness And Apocalypse Now essay โ A Compare and Contrast Essay on Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness โ Francis Coppola โ s Apocalypse Now was inspired by Joseph Conrad โ s novel Heart of Darkness that informs the film throughout . A comparison and contrast can be made between the two . Both have the same themes The Many Ways Of Miss Mabel Pervin essay The Many Ways of Miss Mabel Pervin In D.H Lawrence ' s " The Horse Dealer ' s Daughter , " Mabel Pervin and her three brothers are left with debts to pay after the death of their father . To pay these debts , the Pervins are forced to sell every horse that they own . Then , they must separately create new liv Archetype Myths In Turn Of The Screw essay The Archetypal Myth in Turn of The Screw In one surface reading of Henry James โ s Turn of the Screw , the governess appears to be a victim of circumstance . Some critics however , say that she is not without blame in the turn of events that characterizes the story . They claim that leading to her | [
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http://esseacourses.strategies.org/aircondense.html | Air : Is There Water in There ? On the other hand , where does the water in an open jar go as it seems to disappear ? Do animals come out at night and drink it ? Does temperature make a difference as to the rate of disappearance ? Does water seem to disappear from a sealed jar ? More Air Questions : Prove that there is air in the room . Move your hand quickly through the air and feel it , fill up balloons , etc . You live in an ocean of air โ at the bottom where the air is thickest . Can you see air ? ( Sometime , yes . But not as clouds or fog , which are water droplets . Look at an object across the room with a toaster turned on just below your line of sight . The object you ' re looking at may shimmer and waver because the hot air rising from the toaster in front of the object has different optical properties , or refractive index , which causes the shimmering . You are seeing the difference between hot air and cold air . ) What causes air to change ? ( Air motion is caused by differential heating of the atmosphere by the sun . Some parts get hotter than others [ e.g. , air over a dark plowed field gets warmer than air over a cool forest ] . Hot air rises and begins a circulation pattern in the atmosphere . ) How does water exist in air ? ( Water exists in air as a solid , liquid and gas . To show that there is water in the air , use a cold soda can to condense water onto the surface . NOTE : Water vapor โ a gas โ is invisible . The steam you see rising from a kettle is not vapor . It is tiny water drops already condensed . Clouds are the same - - not water vapor โ but water droplets . Water vapor is individual molecules of water acting as a gas . Cloud What are the different kinds of clouds ? Check out the Weather Classroom and Cloud Identification for additional activities . Resources AIMS . " Overhead and Underfoot " . AIMS Education Foundation . Fresno , CA Ordering Information : Materials for this investigation are readily available . Level : K - 4 Difficulty : Beginner | [
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http://essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/oxygen.html | Oxygen , nitrogen and the rare gases Except for helium , which is mostly extracted from natural gas , oxygen , nitrogen and the other rare gases are extracted from the air that makes up Earth ' s atmosphere . Unlike the sources of some chemicals there are therefore no concerns about the depletion of this resource and if a sample of air is used to produce one of the gases , there are no problems about venting the ' waste gases ' back into the atmosphere . The ready availability of oxygen and its reactivity with many other elements means that it is used during the production of many other chemicals , whereas some of the uses of nitrogen and the rare gases depend on their inertness . Uses Oxygen The largest user of oxygen is the steel industry . It is also used in the manufacture of other metals , notably copper and lead . It is more economic to use pure oxygen , or oxygen - enriched air , rather than air as this increases the reaction rates and means that smaller chemical plants can be used . Further it makes it easier to ensure that no gases such as sulfur dioxide are lost and pollute the atmosphere . The gas is also used in the manufacture of many chemicals including nitric acid hydrogen peroxide epoxyethane and chloroethene ( vinyl chloride ) , the precursor to PVC . Among its other uses is the burning off of carbon deposited on the fluid catalyst used in the catalytic cracking of gas oil A growing use for oxygen is in treating sewage and effluent from industry . Polluted rivers and lakes can be cleaned by dissolving oxygen gas directly into the water to encourage a better ecological balance . It is used , for example , in fish farming to provide this balance . It is also used , with sodium hydroxide , to bleach paper pulp as an alternative to chlorine dioxide or sodium chlorate ( I ) ( sodium hypochlorite ) . Nitrogen Nitrogen is used to make ammonia . It is also widely used to provide an inert atmosphere , a process known as ' blanketing ' , principally to exclude oxygen . For example , nitrogen is used in this way in food packaging , glass making , and semiconductor manufacture . It is also used to purge out pipes prior to welding ( for example , oil pipes ) to ensure that no flammable vapours are left behind . Liquid nitrogen is being increasingly used to refrigerate food during transportation . Medical samples containing , for example blood , viruses for vaccinations and semen , can be stored for long periods if kept cool in liquid nitrogen . Figure 1 Oil tankers are purged with nitrogen to prevent explosions during welding and other maintenance . The photo is of the Omala moored in Rotterdam , the Netherlands . By kind permission of Danny Cornelissen ( Wikimedia Commons ) . Rare gases Liquid helium , with its very low boiling point of 4 K , has become very important in cooling superconductor magnets , used , for example , in MRI scanners for medical diagnosis . The magnets generate much heat and helium is the first choice as it has the lowest boiling point of any liquid . Its inertness is fundamental to its other major uses , for example , to provide an inert atmosphere when welding metals ( to prevent metals reacting with air to form oxides and nitrides ) . It is also used to purge gas from tanks which have It also provides an inert atmosphere during the manufacture of high value materials such as optical fibres . Due to its low density , helium is used for weather balloons and airships . It is also used in combination with oxygen to produce specialised breathing mixtures for divers . These mixtures are better than nitrogen - oxygen mixtures for prolonged diving as the blood will absorb only a limited amount of helium whereas with nitrogen , its concentration can build up to dangerous levels over a prolonged period . Helium is also used in eximer lasers and helium - neon lasers that are used for bar code scanners . Figure 2 Uses of helium in the United States Data for 2011 from USGS The most common use for neon is in electric discharge lamps , i.e. fluorescent tubes . Like krypton and xenon , neon emits light when an electric current is passed through the gas at low pressures . Neon provides a red or orange colour , while different mixtures of neon , argon and helium can be used to achieve white , mauve , yellow , blue and green . It is also used in lasers ( helium - neon lasers for laser pointers ) and in plasma display panels . All of the major uses for argon are related to the production , processing and fabrication of metals . Argon is a significant shielding gas used during arc welding processes , either on its own or combined with other gases . It is also used as the inert gas in electric light bulbs ( when mixed with nitrogen ) , as a low thermal conductivity medium within double - glazing window units and for semiconductor manufacture . Figure 3 The closing ceremony of the London Olympics , August 12 th 2012 . The stadium is illuminated by metal halide floodlights . The lamps contain argon which helps the start up . The heat from this start up evaporates the metal halide which then provides the visible light . By kind permission of Nick Webb . Krypton is not only used in fluorescent lamps but also in incandescent lamps including flash bulbs and halogen lamps which are used , for example , in some cars . It is also found in some eximer lasers and in plasma display panels . Xenon is , like other rare gases , used in bulbs , including halogen lamps . It has a light spectrum that is much wider than the other rare gases and appears to the human eye as daylight and so is used in lighting large areas such as sports stadiums , stage lighting and airport runways . Xenon , mixed with other rare gases is used in eximer lasers for surgery ( for example in eye surgery ) . Mixed with oxygen , it is used for CAT ( Computer Aided Topography ) scanning for mapping blood flow . Xenon is also being used as an anaesthetic . Figure 4 An opthalmology surgeon at the US National Medical Center , Bethesda lines up an excimer laser on a patient ' s eye before beginning laser surgery . By kind permission of the US Navy ( Wikimedia Commons ) Annual production About 5 million tonnes of oxygen and nitrogen ( excluding that produced for the manufacture of ammonia ) are produced annually in the UK . In comparison , much smaller amounts of the rare gases are produced worldwide ( Table 1 ) . Rare gas Abundance in the atmosphere / ppm World production / tonnes per year helium 5 , 2 28 000 1 neon 18 1 2 argon 9300 700 000 2 krypton 1.1 8 xenon 0.08 0.6 Table 1 Rare gases : their abundance in the atmosphere and world production . Data from : 1 U.S. Geological Survey , Mineral Commodity Summaries , 2016 2 enviromentalchemistry . com Manufacture Air contains nitrogen , oxygen and argon with traces of other gases , including water vapour . Although the presence of carbon dioxide in air is very important environmentally , it accounts for less than 0.04 % . On average , the composition of dry air is , by volume : Gas nitrogen 78 oxygen 21 0.95 Table 2 Composition of dry air . Carbon dioxide , helium , neon , krypton and xenon make up the balance . There are several different methods for manufacturing nitrogen and oxygen : a ) Distillation of liquid air at cryogenic ( very low ) temperatures . This produces large volumes of very pure ( up to 99.95 % ) oxygen , nitrogen and the rare gases . Oxygen and nitrogen are often transported as liquids ( by road tanker ) and gases ( by pipeline ) to where they are to be used on a large scale . Sometimes , however , the plant is built where the gases are being used ( for example in the manufacture of steel ) . b ) Pressure swing adsorption . This produces either nitrogen and oxygen , where it is to be used ( on site ) , in smaller quantities and up to 95 % purity . The main impurity is argon . c ) Vacuum swing adsorption . This is used to produce oxygen on site , up to 95 % purity . The main impurity is argon . d ) Membranes . These can also produce nitrogen on site in small amounts with purity of 95 to over 99 % . The choice of method depends on the use of the gas and the amount needed . ( a ) Manufacture of nitrogen and oxygen by cryogenic separation of air There are several different stages in the process ( Figure 4 ) , the three key ones being : i ) cleaning the air ii ) liquefying the air iii ) distillation of the liquid air ( i ) Removing impurities from air In a typical plant , air is drawn in through a filter to remove the dust , compressed to about 6 atm and cooled to below ambient temperature where much of the water vapour condenses . The air is then passed through a zeolite molecular sieve to remove the rest of the water vapour and carbon dioxide . Figure 5 Key stages in the manufacture of nitrogen and oxygen . ( ii ) Liquefying the pure air The manufacture of nitrogen , oxygen and argon from atmospheric air involves liquefying the air and then separating it into its component parts by fractional distillation . Since nitrogen and oxygen have very low boiling points ( Table 3 ) , they liquefy at cryogenic temperatures . Constituent Boiling Point / K , at atmospheric pressure 4 neon 27 nitrogen 77 87 oxygen 90 krypton 120 xenon 165 carbon dioxide 195 ( sublimes ) Table 3 The boiling points of the gases that make up dry air . When a bicycle tyre is pumped up , from atmospheric to a higher pressure , heat is produced . Conversely , if gas at high pressure is expanded to a lower pressure , there is a drop in temperature . Almost all methods of producing low temperatures depend on this property but it is not a very efficient technique . A more efficient way is expansion in a turbine , where mechanical work is extracted . Air separation plants use one or both of these methods , in conjunction with heat exchangers to achieve cooling . The pure air , already compressed to 6 atm , is cooled with the very cold product and the waste ( nitrogen if oxygen is being made and oxygen , if nitrogen is being made ) in a series of heat exchangers Eventually , this compressed air is cooled to about 100 K and then allowed to expand rapidly ( the expansion turbine ) which cools it further until it is liquefied . The key to the whole process is this use of the very cold nitrogen , oxygen and argon to cool the incoming air prior to the expansion . ( iii ) Distillation of liquid air The liquid air is separated into its constituent components by fractional distillation . At each distillation the vapour is richer in nitrogen ( the component with the lower boiling point ) , while the liquid remaining contains more oxygen ( the component with the higher boiling point ) . To produce pure the distillation system has two distillation columns , a ' high ' and a ' low ' column . Nitrogen plants often use a single column but some use two . Nitrogen leaves the top of the column as a gas . Purity levels required by nitrogen users are becoming increasingly stringent and it may be liquefied again and redistilled . It is unusual for the nitrogen to have an oxygen content of more than 10 ppm and impurities contained in nitrogen for the electronics industry are measured in parts per billion . Figure 6 An air separation plant for the recovery of oxygen , nitrogen and rare gases in Leuna , near Leipzig , Germany . The distillation columns are located inside the two rectangular towers , known as the cold box . The left hand one is fractionating air to obtain oxygen and nitrogen and the right hand one is recovering argon . The cylinders contain molecular sieves and behind them is a vessel in which the molecular sieve is heated to regenerate its activity . By kind permission of The Linde Group . The liquid containing oxygen and argon is further purified by distillation in a second column . To obtain high purity oxygen , further distillation is needed and argon is removed . Since air separation plants operate at low temperatures , construction materials have to be chosen carefully . Aluminium alloys and stainless steel are frequently used . They do not become brittle at low temperatures . Efficient plant insulation is necessary to make the process economic and safe . Perlite ( an expanded rock ) , glass wool and vacuum jacket techniques are commonly used ( Figure 5 ) . ( b ) Manufacture of oxygen and nitrogen using pressure swing adsorption ( PSA ) It is sometimes more convenient for some industrial plants to produce their own oxygen and nitrogen on site , provided a purity of 90 % or so is acceptable . Pressure swing adsorption can provide this and produce up to about 100 tonnes a day . To produce , a stream of clean air is passed through a bed of alumina to dry the gas and then through a bed of zeolite molecular sieve . Nitrogen is preferentially retained ( adsorbed ) leaving an oxygen - enriched gaseous stream to pass through ( Figure 7 ) . When the zeolite becomes saturated with nitrogen it is necessary to regenerate it . This can be achieved simply by reducing the pressure , whereupon the nitrogen is released ( desorbed ) back into the gaseous phase and rejected as waste . The sieve is totally regenerated in this way and is ready to repeat the cycle . Two beds are usually used in rotation . One is used to produce the oxygen while the other is being regenerated . The full cycle time can vary between 2 and 8 minutes depending upon actual performance requirements . Figure 7 Purification of oxygen using pressure swing adsorption . Instead of using a zeolite as in the manufacture of oxygen , is produced from air using beds of carbon molecular sieve ( CMS ) . Clean , dry , compressed air is passed through a bed of CMS ( typically at 7 - I2 atm ) . Oxygen is adsorbed on the surface of the CMS and nitrogen passes through to storage . When oxygen saturation is reached a second bed is brought on - stream , retaining continuity of supply and the first vented to atmosphere to desorb the oxygen and hence regenerating the CMS prior to the next cycle . Similar to the production of oxygen by PSA , ( c ) Manufacture of oxygen by vacuum swing adsorption Oxygen can be produced on site by a process very similar to pressure swing adsorption except that the sieve material is regenerated by placing it under vacuum . This process is more expensive to build but it is more efficient to run . The sieve is more effectively regenerated and as a result , more oxygen is obtained from a given amount of air . ( d ) Manufacture of nitrogen using membranes The principle underlying this method is that gases diffuse at different rates through a polymer film membrane . Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse more rapidly than nitrogen and argon and this allows the remaining gas to become richer in nitrogen and argon . Eventually , the concentration becomes over 95 % . The polymer used for the membrane is often made of poly ( methylpentene ) . Air , at pressures of between 7 and 12 atm and heated to 290 to 310 K , is passed through the membranes . The waste gases permeate through the membrane and are vented to the atmosphere . ( e ) Manufacture of rare gases Argon is obtained during the cryogenic manufacture of nitrogen and oxygen , using a separate distillation column mounted alongside the second ( low pressure ) column used to purify oxygen . At this point in the distillation process , the feed is typically 89 % oxygen and 11 % argon with only traces of nitrogen and is re - distilled to obtain argon of approximately 98 % purity , known as Industrial Argon . When very high grade ( 99.999 % ) argon , Pure Liquid Argon ( PLAR ) , is needed , industrial grade argon is processed in a separate plant , the Argon Purification Unit . This plant removes residual oxygen by mixing the gas stream with hydrogen and passing the mixture over a catalyst . Oxygen combines Neon ( boiling point 27 K ) does not condense out at the temperatures used in air separation plants and is withdrawn , with helium , and cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature . The helium is removed by adsorption on activated charcoal . Krypton and xenon ( boiling points 120 and 165 K respectively ) accumulate in the liquid oxygen and are obtained by further distillation . Helium is mostly obtained from natural gas . Particularly large amounts are found in the US , Qatar , Algeria , Russia ( Siberia and Eastern Russia ) , Australia and Canada . Some of the natural gas deposits in the US contain 16 % helium . Natural gas is compressed ( 40 atm ) and the condensed materials are removed . Hydrogen sulfide is removed by washing with 2 - aminoethanol , as in the sulfur extraction process and water vapour is removed by passing gas through specially treated alumina . The gas is further purified by a three - stage cooling process , purer helium being removed after each stage and passed on to the next cooling step . Helium is available in 99.95 % and 99.995 % purity grades . Date last amended : 12th October 2016 | [
"Oxygen , nitrogen",
"Earth 's atmosphere"
] |
http://essentialchemicalindustry.org/the-chemical-industry/the-chemical-industry.html | The chemical industry Introduction The chemical industry creates an immense variety of products which impinge on virtually every aspect of our lives . Figure 1 The chemical industry is one of the largest manufacturing industries in all developed and emerging countries . This is a view of the largest site in the world devoted to the industry , at Ludwigshaven in Germany . By kind permission of BASF . While many of the products from the industry , such as detergents , soaps and perfumes , are purchased directly by the consumer others are used as intermediates to make other products , For example , in Europe , 70 % of chemicals manufactured are used to make products by other industries including other branches of the chemical industry itself . The industry uses a wide range of raw materials , from air and minerals to oil . Figure 2 . There have been breath - taking changes in the chemical industry over the last 10 years or so , not only in Europe and in the US but particularly in China , India , the rest of Asia and Brazil . This is a view of the chemical industry plant at Daya Bay in the south - east of China . By kind permission of Shell International Limited . With increasing competition worldwide , innovation remains crucial in finding new ways for the industry to satisfy its increasingly sophisticated , demanding and environmentally - conscious consumers . What does the chemical industry produce ? The products of the chemical industry can be divided into three categories : Basic chemicals Speciality chemicals Consumer chemicals Several other categorisations are used but this one is simple and helpful in the context of this web site . Outputs range widely , with basic chemicals produced in huge quantities ( millions of tonnes ) and some speciality chemicals produced in modest kilogramme quantities but with very high value . As explained in the unit on Chemical Reactors , the choice of reactor is often goverened by the amount of chemical that is to be produced . The value of sales per category for both Europe and the US are broadly similar , as shown in Table 1 . Europe US Basic chemicals 60 61 Polymers 27 18 Petrochemicals 20 28 Basic Inorganics 13 15 Speciality chemicals 28 24 Consumer chemicals 12 15 Table 1 : Products from the chemical industry in 2014 by category ( % ) . Facts and Figures , CEFIC ; 2016 Guide to the Business of Chemistry , American Chemistry Council , 2015 . Basic chemicals are divided into chemicals derived from oil , known as petrochemicals polymers basic inorganics The term โ petrochemical โ can be misleading as the same chemicals are increasingly being derived from sources other than oil , such as coal and biomass . An example is methanol , commonly produced from oil and natural gas in the US and Europe but from coal in China . Another is ethene , derived from oil and gas in the US and Europe but increasingly from biomass in Brazil . Other examples are described in the units on this web site . Basic chemicals , produced in large quantities , are mainly sold within the chemical industry and to other industries before becoming products for the general consumer . For example , ethanoic acid is sold on to make esters , much of which in turn is sold to make paints and at that point sold to the consumer . Huge quantities of ethene are transported as a gas by pipeline around Europe and sold to companies making poly ( ethene ) and other polymers . These are then sold on to manufacturers of plastic components before being bought by the actual Figure 3 Many companies use some of their chemical products as intermediates in their own manufacturing processes . There are often clusters of processes which use the output of one as the input to another . This site , at Billingham in the north - east of England , is a good example of such an integrated chemical plant . All the plants are also interconnected by steam pipes to make the most efficient use of energy released during manufacturing processes . 1 . Ammonia is made from natural gas which is imported by pipeline from the North Sea . 2 . Some ammonia is used to make nitric acid 3 . Ammonia and nitric acid are used to make the fertilizer , ammonium nitrate . 4 . Ammonia is also converted into hydrogen cyanide . 5 . Hydrogen cyanide is used in the process to make methyl 2 - methylpropenoate , a key monomer for the manufacture of various acrylic polymers . 6 . The stream of โ waste โ sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate from the process to make methyl 2 - methylpropenoate is converted to pure sulfuric acid , which can then be reused in the process . 7 . The tank farm stores imported reactants and products prior to export . By kind permission of Marc Thorneycroft . Petrochemicals and polymers The production of chemicals from petroleum ( and increasingly from coal and biomass ) has seen many technological changes and the development of very large production sites throughout the world . The hydrocarbons in crude oil and gas , which are mainly straight chain alkanes , are first separated using their differences in boiling point , as is described in the unit Distillation . They are then converted to hydrocarbons that are more useful to the chemical industry , such as branched chain alkanes , alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons . These processes are described in the unit , Cracking and related refinery processes In turn , these hydrocarbons are converted into a very wide range of basic chemicals which are immediately useful ( petrol , ethanol , ethane - 1 , 2 - diol ) or are subjected to further reactions to produce a useful end product ( for example , phenol to make resins and ammonia to make fertilizers ) . Many examples are found in the group of units on this web site devoted to The main use for petrochemicals is in the manufacture of a wide range of polymers . Due to their importance of these they are given their own section of units , Polymers Basic inorganics These are relatively low cost chemicals used throughout manufacturing and agriculture . They are produced in very large amounts , some in millions of tonnes a year , and include chlorine , sodium hydroxide , sulfuric and nitric acids and chemicals for fertilizers . As with petrochemicals , many emerging countries are now able to produce them more cheaply than companies based in the US and Europe . This has led to tough competition and producers of these chemicals worldwide work continuously to reduce costs while meeting ever more stringent environmental and safety standards . The units on basic inorganics can be found within the Basic chemicals section of the site . This category covers a wide variety of chemicals for crop protection paints and inks , colorants ( dyes and pigments ) . It also includes chemicals used by industries as diverse as textiles , paper and engineering . There has been a tendency in the US and Europe to focus on this sector rather than the basic chemicals discussed above because it is thought that , with active research and development ( R & D ) , speciality chemicals deliver better and more stable profitability . New products are being created to meet both customer needs and new environmental regulations . An everyday example is household paints which have evolved from being organic solvent - based Units on selected speciality chemicals can be found within the Materials and Applications section of this site . Consumer chemicals are sold directly to the public . They include , for example , detergents , soaps and other toiletries . The search for more effective and environmentally safe detergents has increased over the last 20 years , particularly in finding surfactants that are capable of cleaning anything from sensitive skin to large industrial plants . Parallel to this , much work has been done in producing a wider range of synthetic chemicals for toiletries , cosmetics and fragrances . Units on selected consumer chemicals can be found within the Materials and Applications section How does the chemical industry contribute to an economy ? The chemical industry is a very important contributor to the wealth of a country . For example it contributes over 1 % to the Gross National Product ( GNP ) of European countries , which is over 6 % of the total GNP produced by all manufacturing industries . Generally personnel in the industry are among the most well rewarded of all manufacturing industries because the industry has the largest proportion of highly qualified people and generally it is the most productive . What is the value of the industry geographically ? In 2011 , worldwide , it was estimated that world sales of chemicals amounted to over $ 3500 billion ( Table 2 ) . This means every man , woman and child in the world , on average , uses $ 500 worth of chemicals a year . Of course the main users of the chemicals are in the developed countries with each person using approximately $ 1200 worth of chemicals annually . Year 2001 2011 2014 Total sales in ( billion $ ) 1829 3567 3555 China 8.1 26.8 30.4 Europe ( EU ) 29.8 19.6 17.0 Rest of Asia 14.0 18.8 16.3 North America 27.6 17.1 12.8 Japan 10.7 6.4 4.7 South America 4.5 5.5 4.4 Rest of World 5.3 5.8 1.4 Table 2 The geographic breakdown ( % ) of the worldwide chemical sales in 2001 , 2011 and 2014 . From Facts and Figures , CEFIC , 2016 . Production in China and other Asian economies is rising rapidly ( Table 2 ) . China itself in the space of just 10 years has increased its percentage share from 8.1 to 30.4 . In contrast the proportion has shrunk in Europe from 29.8 to 17.0 % and that in North America from 27.6 to 16.3 % . It is not as dire for Europe and North America as these numbers suggest as the total sales have increased from $ 545 to $ 1087 billion . Overall they are taking smaller slices of a much larger cake , but the Table 3 shows the sales of the countries which have large sales . Sales ( billion $ ) China 1222 US 515 Germany 162 Japan 156 South Korea 133 Brazil 87 France 87 India 80 Taiwan 77 Italy 57 Netherlands 55 United Kingdom 44 Spain 43 Table 3 Chemical sales by country in 2014 ( billion $ ) . From Facts and Figures 2016 , CEFIC . However these figures can be put into a different perspective when the size of the country โ s population is considered ( Table 4 ) . Sales ( billion $ ) Population ( million ) Sales / per head of population ( $ ) 1222 1382 884 515 324 1590 Germany 162 126 1286 156 81 1926 South Korea 133 51 2608 Brazil 210 414 France 65 1338 India 80 1327 603 Taiwan 77 23 3348 Italy 57 60 950 Netherlands 55 17 3235 United Kingdom 44 65 677 Spain 43 46 935 Table 4 Chemical sales per head of population by country in 2014 ( $ ) . Data calculated from Facts and Figures 2016 , CEFIC . How large are the world โ s chemical companies ? It can be seen ( Table 5 ) that the head offices are spread around the world and reflect not only the high growth of chemical markets in the Middle East and in Asia but also the desire of oil producers to participate in making chemicals . Company HQ location Sales ( billion $ ) BASF 63.7 Dow Chemical USA 48.8 Sinopec 43.8 SABIC Saudi Arabia 34 ; 3 Formosa Plastics Taiwan 29.2 Ineos Switzerland 28.4 ExxonMobil USA 28.1 LyonnellBasell 26.7 Mitsubishi Chemical 24.3 DuPont 20.7 LG Chem 18.2 Air Liquide 17.3 Linde 16.8 AkzoNobel 16 , 5 Toray Industries 15.5 Evonik 15.0 PPG Industries 14.2 Braksem 14.2 Yara Norway 13.9 Covestro 13.4 Table 5 Chemical companies : Sales in 2015 and the location of their head office . Based on data from Chemical & Engineering News , July 25th 2016 . The chemical industry is highly multi - national . BASF is shown in Table 5 as a German company , but it has manufacturing plants in the US , UK , China and in many other countries worldwide , as well as in Germany . SABIC , whose Head Office is in Saudi Arabia , has manufacturing plants across Europe , the Americas , Asia as well as the Middle East . This company exemplifies the changes wrought in the chemical industry . From manufacturing its first chemicals in 1981 , it is now the world โ s largest producer poly ( phenylethene ) ( polystyrene ) , and ethane - 1 , 2 - diol ( ethylene glycol ) . Where are chemical sites located - and why ? The siting of many of the world โ s major chemical companies may seem random or puzzling . In fact there are very good reasons for the choice of sites , reasons which also reflect the industrial and consumer landscape of the day . ( a ) In the beginning - the nineteenth century At first sight it seems strange that what are currently the fourth and seventh largest chemical companies in the world , Dow and DuPont , are situated in two small US cities , Midland , Michigan and Wilmington , Delaware . However , the reason that Henry Dow founded his company at Midland in 1897 was because the salt deposits in the area contain particularly high concentrations of bromide ions , and Dow had patented two methods for obtaining elemental bromine from these deposits . DuPont โ s story is more colourful . Eleuthรจre Irรฉnรฉe ( E I ) du Pont fled to the United States from the French Revolution . He arrived with considerable experience in manufacturing gunpowder and paid Jacob Broom , a local businessman , $ 6,740 for a site on the Brandywine River near Wilmington on which to build his first powder mill in 1802 . The falling water drove the machinery of the mill and the willow trees on the riverbanks were turned into charcoal , one of the three ingredients of gunpowder . The site was far enough away At this time , two great German companies were established - Bayer in 1863 and BASF in 1865 . Bayer โ s incentive was principally the river Rhine , a tributary of which ran through the city of Barmen ( now part of the city of Wuppertal ) . There Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich Weskott , one a salesman and the other a master dyer , set up a factory to manufacture synthetic dyestuffs from coal - tar for the textile industry . The city was near extensive coal fields , and the Rhine โ s tributary offered both BASF , like Bayer , was founded to make dyes but its location was influenced by civic utilities and an early instance of industrial recycling . In 1861 Friedrich Engelhorn built a gasworks in Mannheim and installed the street lighting for the town council . At the same time he seized the opportunity to use the by - product , coal - tar , to make dyes . The company also began to make the other chemicals necessary for dye production , notably alkalis and acids . Engelhorn called his company Badische Anilin - & Soda - Fabrik in recognition In the UK the locations of much of today โ s industry also relate to the nineteenth century โ s industrialisation . For example , the concentration of the chemical industry in the Northeast of England was influenced by the location of coal mines , the availability of iron ore ( for the steel industry ) and the closeness to ports . Similarly , the strong chlor - alkali industry ( chlorine , sodium hydroxide , sodium carbonate ) in the Northwest of England developed because of local coal and salt mines and the proximity of a major canal leading ( b ) Up to the present - the twentieth and twenty - first centuries All of the sites mentioned above are flourishing today , although the companies expanded during the subsequent 150 years to make many other chemicals ranging from plastics to pharmaceuticals . They have also added many new plants all over the world to be near their customers . Nevertheless , exactly the same range of factors that influenced locations in the nineteenth century are active today , for example : access to raw materials , plentiful water supplies , good communications ( road , rail and port facilities ) , closeness to the customer for the products , reliable energy supplies , the availability of skilled labour . One thing that changed during the twentieth century was the importance of oil and natural gas feedstocks in supporting the growing petrochemical / polymer industry which developed principally after 1945 . This explains why some installations are sited adjacent to oil fields . For example , there is a cluster of companies adjacent to the oil fields in Texas , and the discoveries and development of gas shale ( still a controversial process in many countries ) in places like Texas , Colorado and Pennsylvania are leading to new investment in chemical plants nearby . Shale gas is extracted by Extracting crude oil and natural gas Access to the sea for transport remains a huge influence . Refineries and chemical companies have been built on the coast of many countries , whether they have their own indigenous oil and gas or whether they import it . Figures 4 and 5 Refineries are usually located near the sea , allowing for the ready import and export of raw materials and products . Figures 5 An aerial view of Bukum Refinery , just off the shore of Singapore . By kind permission of Shell International Ltd . Figure 4 Storage tanks and docks at the Kwinana refinery near Perth , Western Australia . By kind permission of BP . There are many examples along the US coastline of the Gulf of Mexico and in the UK ( for example at Fawley near Southampton , Teesside on the east coast of England , at Mossmorran and Grangemouth in Scotland ) . Similarly , there are refineries on the coast of mainland Europe , for example near Antwerp ( Belgium ) and Rotterdam ( Netherlands ) . There are even pipelines that connect refineries , enabling easy transport of the ethene and , in the Netherlands and Belgium , the propene produced by them . Figure 6 Distribution of ethene by pipeline across Europe . Other examples of very large refineries with chemical plants either integrated into them or nearby can be seen in Saudi Arabia ( Al - Jubail , which has a large chemical complex built near a deep sea water harbour of Ras Tenura on the east coast near Bahrain ) , India ( Jamnagar in the state of Gujarat on the north west coast ) and South Korea ( Ulsan on the south - east coast on the Sea of Japan ) . All three are among the world โ s largest refineries , Jamnagar actually being the largest . Many oil producing countries made a strategic decision not just to sell the crude oil , but also to participate in the higher added value markets downstream . They began to invest in both refineries and petrochemical plants close to the oil fields in their own countries ( major production facilities now exist , for example , in Saudi Arabia ) . However , these are far away from the actual markets for the refined oils and chemicals . As it is cheaper to transport crude oil than to distribute many of its end products around the globe , there Another major factor determining location has always been a profitable market for the end products . Since the chemical industry is its own biggest customer , it makes good sense to group together companies that use chemical products as intermediates in their own manufacturing process . This has led to clusters of plants ( Figure 3 ) which successively use the output of one process as the input to another . For example , the manufacture of fertilizers , such as ammonium nitrate and carbamide ( urea ) , can be found adjacent to ammonia plants which are themselves close More recently , close proximity to other high technology industries , as well as easy airport access , have been influential factors particularly for plants producing speciality chemicals . Capital Investment Capital investment โ the investment in new developments is made up of two main components : structures ( e.g. , buildings ) , and equipment . Investment in structures is mostly for industrial buildings and related structures ( loading docks , terminals , etc . ) . The investment in equipment includes process equipment such as pressure vessels , storage tanks , heat exchangers , pumps , compressors and electrical equipment . These are discussed in the unit Chemical reactors . High priority is given to instrumentation , computers , and related automation orinformation processing technologies . New investment needs include expanding production capacity for both new and existing products , replacing worn - out or obsolete plant and equipment , and improving operating efficiencies ( saving energy , increasing protection for the environment . Research and development ( R&D ) Although expensive and time - consuming , research and development is crucial to the industry โ s evolution . To keep competitive the industry must : find new products which enhance the quality of life adapt rapidly to changes in consumer demand around the worldproduce and sell chemicals in quantities that achieve economies of scale select locations for bulk chemical companies so that they can access the cheapest raw materials and energy improve existing processes for making chemicals in order to use less capital expenditure and save raw materials find methods of manufacturing that use and dispose of chemicals which do not harm the environment locate speciality chemical companies near good centres of R&D within both the commercial and university sectors . The R & D cycle - deciding to carry out research on a particular topic , to spend money on development and then to manufacture - involves not only chemists and chemical engineers but other experts ; financial ( for borrowing the large sums of money needed ) , marketing ( for ensuring that their new or improved product can be sold ) , legal ( to ensure that the patents are secure ) and many others . Discoveries Sometimes discoveries have been made by accident , for example , the discoveries of both low density and high density poly ( ethene ) . However , neither would have been discovered had chemists not already been doing fundamental research on the reactions of ethene . Other discoveries are the direct results of the clever ideas of chemists with specific aims in mind , for example the discoveries of polyamides polyesters and , much later , linear low density poly ( ethene ) Research into new catalysts is still very fruitful . In recent years , a new catalyst for the manufacture of methanol has meant that the plant can operate at lower temperatures and lower pressures than hitherto , thus saving much energy to the benefit of the environment . A new class of catalysts , the metallocenes have been developed for the manufacture of poly ( ethene ) and poly ( propene ) which give superior properties to these plastics for specialised uses . Other research areas that are now being commercialized include nanotechnology biotechnology and the development of biofuels to supplement oil supplies . Significant benefits to the environment have come from research to develop processes which lead to improved octane rating of petrol , water - based paints , replacements for chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) and the development of Green Chemistry as an active research area . From research to production Research carried out in the laboratories of industry and universities is only the first step . These discoveries have to be converted into realistic industrial processes . This is the job of the chemical engineer who is responsible for translating the laboratory chemistry to a larger scale . Scaling up production from grams under laboratory conditions to thousands of tonnes in a full scale industrial plant is very painstaking work for chemists and chemical engineers . The intermediate stages between laboratory and full scale production involve equipment that is able to mimic the large scale process and enable the most favourable conditions to be found for a high yield of product obtained at a suitable rate ( Figure 7 ) . Figure 7 An example showing some pilot batch reactors which are separate and operate in parallel . A computer controls each one and users can perform series of experiments , changing temperature , pressure and catalyst composition . By kind permission of the Cambridge Reactor Design Ltd . The photograph below ( Figure 8 ) shows an intermediate stage in which a a pilot plant , has been made , to find the most suitable conditions for the new OMEGA process to produce ethane - 1 , 2 - diol . This is a very important step as often the conditions that are suitable for the process in the laboratory are not necessarily suitable when the process is transferred to larger scale equipment . Thus many experiments under very carefully controlled conditions are carried out to obtain the maximum yield . The chemists and chemical engineers doing this work must also bear in mind the maximum yield may involve additional costs which make the process uneconomic . Figure 8 The pilot plant for the new OMEGA process to make ethane - 1 , 2 - diol . By kind permission of Shell International Ltd . If this work is successful the next stage is to make the material on a commercial scale which , as in the case of ethane - 1 , 2 - diol , is many hundreds of thousands of tonnes a year ( Figure 9 ) . The profitability of the product lies in the design of the industrial scale reactor necessary for the safe manufacture of the desired products . The capital cost of such a plant is likely to be millions of dollars . Figure 9 The actual plant for the new OMEGA process to make ethane - 1 , 2 - diol , built after successful trials on the pilot plant . This plant produces 750 000 tonnes of the diol each year . Designing a plant is a team project and chemists , plant designers and chemical engineers select suitable materials for the construction of the plant . Although the common image is of chemical plants made from gleaming steel , many other materials are used in their construction including a wide variety of metals , plastics , glass and rubber . As construction materials are themselves chemicals , choosing materials which do not react with the chemicals involved in the process is essential to avoid hazardous interactions , the breakdown of the plant , or the contamination of the product . Construction materials must be inert to reactants , intermediates and products capable of withstanding very high pressures and temperatures when necessary durable . The chemical industry : how safe and how environmentally regulated ? Safety must be at the top of the chemical industry โ s agenda and for good reason . Many of its products are potentially hazardous at some stage during their manufacture and transport . These chemicals may be solids , liquids or gases , flammable , explosive , corrosive and / or toxic . Manufacturing processes frequently involve high temperatures , high pressures , and reactions which can be dangerous unless carefully controlled . Because of this the industry operates within the safety limits demanded by national and international legislation . Figure 10 Hydrofluoric acid is a very corrosive liquid . Here it is being loaded automatically into a road tanker . By kind permission of Mexichem Fluor . Risks and injuries In spite of dealing with hazardous operations , the chemical industry actually has a lower number of accidents than industry as a whole . Between 1995 and 2005 , across the whole of European manufacture of all types , there were over 4 injuries for every 1000 employees , twice that sustained in the chemical industry . US data , recorded as days lost due to accidents , show an even starker difference ; the number of days lost in major companies in the chemical industry through accidents is 4 times less than in manufacturing generally . Figure 11 Personnel are given extensive training in the use of safety clothing and equipment . In this photograph , maintenance is being carried out on a reactor used to produce hydrofluoroalkanes . By kind permission of Arkema . Environmental regulations There are serious concerns about the potential impact of certain manufactured chemicals on living organisms , including ourselves , and on the natural environment . These concerns include air , land and sea pollution , global warming and climate change , ozone depletion of the upper atmosphere and acid rain . The chemical industry has a world - wide initiative entitled Responsible Care . It began in Canada in 1984 and is practiced now in over 60 countries . It commits national chemical industry associations and companies to : Continuously improve the environmental , health , safety and security knowledge and performance of our technologies , processes and products over their life cycles so as to avoid harm to people and the environment . Use resources efficiently and minimise waste . Report openly on performance , achievements and shortcomings . Listen , engage and work with people to understand and address their concerns and expectations . Cooperate with governments and organisations in the development and implementation of effective regulations and standards , and to meet or go beyond them . Provide help and advice to foster the responsible management of chemicals by all those who manage and use them along the product chain . In the US , chemical companies spend over $ 12 billion a year on environmental , health and safety programs . This , for example , has led to the reduction of hazardous releases to the air , land and water by 80 percent over the last 25 years . Another environmental measure concerns the use of energy . In the 20 years from 1994 , the chemical industry in the US saved about 20 % energy per unit of production and in the same period energy saved per unit of production in the EU fell by 55 % . Regulations are in force in every major country . In Europe , they are enforced through REACH ( Registration , Evaluation Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals ) . They are fundamentally changing the way chemicals are made , sold and used , by providing a single standardised framework for the safe management of chemicals . REACH places the responsibility on both manufacturers and importers to ensure that all chemicals produced in quantities greater than one tonne a year do not adversely affect human health or the environment . The industry provides comprehensive documented information for all qualifying chemicals and related Only a small proportion of chemical wastes are toxic or hazardous . Most of these , together with materials which resist natural breakdown , are incinerated at high temperature . Whenever possible , the waste itself provides the fuel for this process . The gases produced are thoroughly cleaned and โ scrubbed โ before release into the atmosphere , leaving only ash for disposal . Examples of how by - products are dealt with are seen throughout the units on this web site . What are the challenges for the chemical industry today ? The chemical industry is undergoing huge changes worldwide . As we have seen above , one concerns the emergence of Middle Eastern countries and China , India and Brazil as manufacturers of chemicals on a mammoth scale , for their own consumption and also for export worldwide . Companies in these countries are also investing in plant in the US and Europe whilst US and European companies are investing in plant in these large emerging countries , making the industry as a whole totally international in the way it conducts business . The challenge for companies in the US and A new revolution beckons . As oil and natural gas become ever scarcer and more expensive , chemists are searching for new feedstocks to supplement or even replace oil and natural gas . And they are rediscovering the virtues of coal ( still in huge supply , even though it is a fossil fuel that can not be replaced ) and biomass . Thus we are coming full circle . In the late 19th and the first part of the 20th centuries , the organic chemical industry was based largely on coal and biomass . Coal was heated strongly in the absence of air to form coal gas ( a mixture of hydrogen , methane and carbon monoxide ) . A liquid ( coal tar ) was formed as a by - product which contained many useful organic chemicals , including benzene , and the solid residue was coke , an impure form of carbon . Coke was the source of what we 2 chemicals was ethanol , produced by fermentation of biomass . C 3 and C 4 chemicals such as propanone and butanol were also produced on a large scale by fermentation of biomass . Since then , from the 1940s onwards , the industry has found better and better ways of using the products from the refining of oil to produce not only all the chemicals mentioned above but many more . An example is the growth of the petrochemical industry , with the array of new polymers , detergents , and myriad of sophisticated chemicals produced at low cost . Perhaps therefore the greatest challenge lies in finding ways to reduce our dependence on non - renewable resources . Thus , as oil and natural gas supplies dwindle , we must find ways to use the older technologies based on biomass to produce chemicals in as an environmentally acceptable way as possible , in terms of energy expended and effluents produced . For example , some ethene and a range of polymers , as well as very large quantities of ethanol , are now being produced from biomass . Another challenge is to reduce our dependence on non - renewable resources to produce energy . The easiest way to do this is to find ways to run our chemical plants at lower temperatures with the aid of catalysts or by using alternative routes . This has already begun in earnest as noted in the last section . The consumption of energy per unit of production has fallen by about 55 % in the EU since 1994 and about 22 % in the US since 1990 . In consequence , the emission of carbon dioxide has fallen by approximately the The new technologies based on nanomaterials will also be to the forefront in future advances in the chemical industry and it will be important to ensure that the production of these revolutionary materials is safe and of economic benefit . The chemical industry has many challenges in the 21st century which must be overcome in order to remain at the heart of every major country . It is only through this that the industry can help society to maintain and improve its standard of living and do so in a sustainable way . Much of the data used in this unit is derived from published work by CEFIC ( Conseil Europรฉen des Fรฉdรฉrations de l ' Industrie Chimique , The European Chemical Industry Council ) and the American Chemical Council Date last amended : 13th September 2016 | [
"chemical industry",
"environmentally-conscious consumers",
"Chemical Reactors"
] |
http://essentialoils.co.za/blending_fragrances.htm | Home Contact us Shopping security Shopping in U.S.A. & World Essential oils Other oils Spiritual Oil Blends Carrier oils Pre - blended oils Worldwide shipping โฌ , ยฃ , ยฅ . . . . converter Shopping in South Africa ( Suid Afrika ) Essential oils Other oils Spiritual Oil Blends Carrier oils Pre - blended oils Aflewering | Delivery INFORMATION Essential oil index Ways to use oils Recipes Dilution rates Safety Glossary of terms Treating ailments Uses Oil extraction Related articles Therapeutic properties Alternative health OTHER Privacy Policy Site Information & Copyright Search Links Blending of fragrance notes in essential oils A certain kind of synergy is created when different essential oils are blended together , since you may wish to add some therapeutic properties of one oil to another when putting together a massage oil or creating your own essential oil cream . This is then basically the Gestalt theory at work , where the sums of the individual items are larger than the individuals on their own . Although you may simply be looking at blending therapeutic oil , the fragrance should still be " balanced " and in harmony and this is where the fragrance notes come into play . On this page : Top notes Middle notes Base notes Heavily fragranced oils For more on the rate of dilutions to be used when working with essential oils in aromatherapy , please click here A Frenchman called Piesse classified the odors of essential oils in the 19th century according to musical scales , and this is where the top , middle and base notes originated . As a rule of thumb , the combination between top , middle and base notes should be in harmony and the following formula is normally used . Select oils from all three categories but use less of the top and middle notes than that of the base note . There are some " rules " that people like to mention , and these being that a well - rounded fragrance will normally be composed as follows : Top notes 15 - 25 % of the blend . Middle notes 30 - 40 % of the blend . Base notes 45 - 55 % of the blend . For example - you would use 4 drops of Geranium ( middle note ) with 3 drops of Eucalyptus ( top note ) and 5 drops of Ylang Ylang ( base note ) . Even with such " rule of blending " being bandied around , the most important factor to keep in mind is that you , or the person on which the oil blend is going to be used , likes it . If for instance you wish to create a massage oil in the winter , you may want to add peppermint to the blend , but since peppermint is a cooling oil , you would need to balance it with other oils , such as ginger and sandalwood A good blend is normally compiled by mixing oils from all three classes of oils - that being top notes , middle notes and base notes . It is however very important that you are happy with the aroma and fragrance of the blended oil , since it has to be pleasing to your senses to achieve the maximum effect . The list below is what we have compiled , and may contain errors , since there is much division on the classification of the top , middle and base notes , but we hope that the list below would give a fairly accurate view of the division . Top notes Essential oils that are classified as top notes normally evaporate very fast and normally also have anti - viral properties . They tend to be light , fresh and uplifting in nature and are generally not very expensive . Top notes are generally highly volatile , fast acting , give the first impression of the blend and are not very long lasting . The following essential oils are considered top notes : Basil ( To Middle ) Bergamot ( To Middle ) Cajuput Cinnamon Clary Sage Coriander Eucalyptus Grapefruit Hyssop Lemon Lemongrass Lime Mandarin Neroli Niaouli Orange Peppermint Petitgrain Ravensara Sage Spearmint Tagetes Tangerine Tea Tree Thyme Verbena Middle notes The bulk of essential oils are considered middle notes and normally give body to the blend and have a balancing effect . The smells of middle notes are not always immediately evident and may take a couple of minutes to come into their own right and are normally warm and soft fragrances . The following essential oils are considered middle notes : Bay Black Pepper Cardamom Chamomile Cypress Fennel ( To Top ) Geranium Ho Leaf Ho Wood Hyssop Juniper Lavender ( To Top ) Marjoram Melissa Myrtle Nutmeg Palma Rosa Pine Rosemary Spikenard Yarrow Base notes Essential oils that are classified as base notes are normally " heavy " oils with their fragrance evident , but will also slowly evolve and be present for a long time and slows down the evaporation of the other oils . These fragrances are normally intense and heady . They are normally rich and relaxing in nature and are also the most expensive of all oils . The following essential oils are considered base notes : Balsam Peru Cassia Cedarwood Cinnamon Clove Frankincense Ginger Jasmine Myrrh Oakmoss Patchouli Rose Rosewood Sandalwood Valerian Vanilla Vetiver Ylang Ylang Heavily fragranced oils Blending does not only rely on the notes alone , since some oils are extremely fragrant and in some cases , overpoweringly so . When using these very strongly fragranced oils , it is best to add a drop of oil at a time to prevent it from overpowering your entire blend . Closing Blending oil can be fun , and remember that the end result should be to your liking , so it is no problem if you do not follow the guidelines about using the different notes at all - they are only guidelines to help you along . Headings of links underneath Use of essential oils | List of essential oils | List of pre - blended oils List of carrier oils Recipes Essential oil safety Related articles Manufacture of oils Holistic and alternative medicine Treatment of ailments Use of essential oils Air freshening Bathing Amount of essential oils to use in bath Compresses Foot and hand baths Hair care Amount of essential oils to use in shampoo Jacuzzis Massage Amount of essential oils to use in massage blend Saunas Showers Sitz bath Skin care Amount of essential oils to use in creams Steam inhalations Vaporization Links to essential oils , carrier oils and specialized pre - blended oils ESSENTIAL OILS Allspice Aniseed Basil Bay Benzoin Bergamot Black pepper Cajuput Calamus Camomile Camphor Caraway Carrot seed Cassia Cedarwood Chamomile Cinnamon Citronella Clary sage Clove Coriander Cypress Dill Eucalyptus Fennel Frankincense Galbanum Geranium Ginger Grapefruit Helichrysum Hyssop Jasmine Juniper Labdanum Lavandin Lavender Lemon Lemongrass Lemon verbena Lime Mandarin Marjoram Melissa Myrrh Myrtle Neroli Niaouli Nutmeg Orange Origanum Palma rosa Patchouli Peppermint Petitgrain Pimento Pine Rose Rose geranium Rosemary Rosewood Sage Sandalwood Spearmint Spikenard Tagetes Tangerine Thyme Tea tree Vetiver Ylang - ylang ESSENTIAL OILS NOT SOLD BY US Angelica Baobab oil Marula oil Birch Bitter almond Boldo Buchu Cardamom Cumin Elemi Mugwort Mustard Pennyroyal Rose otto Rue Sassafras Tansy Tarragon Savin Thuja Tuberose Vanilla Wintergreen Wormseed Wormwood Yarrow PRE - BLENDED FORMULAS Muscle & Joint Relaxation Sensual Anti - cellulite Circulation Hair & Scalp Dry & Mature Skin Insomnia Baby Vein & Artery Uplifting and Grounding OTHER OILS Rosehip oil Neem oil CARRIER OILS Almond oil Aloe vera oil Apricot kernel oil Avocado oil Calendula oil Evening primrose oil Grape seed oil Hazelnut oil Jojoba oil Olive oil Wheatgerm oil CARRIER OILS NOT SOLD BY US Macadamia oil Pumpkin seed oil Sesame oil Safflower oil Sunflower oil Walnut oil Dry shampoo Exfoliating facial scrub with oats Face packs ( face masks ) Facial creams and lotions Facial toners ( tonics and astringents ) Final rinse water Hair loss remedies Oil treatment for hair Perfume and Eau - de - Cologne Scalp stimulation lotion Shampoo Safety with essential oils Abortifacient essential oils Banned essential oils Cancer and essential oils Cardiac ( heart ) problems and essential oils Children and the use of essential oils Diluting essential oils Elderly people and the use of essential oils Emmenagogue essential oils Epilepsy and essential oils Essential oils to avoid when concentration is required High blood pressure and essential oils Liver toxicity and essential oils Pregnancy and essential oils Sensitive skin and essential oils Skin irritation caused by essential oils Sun sensitivity ( phototoxicity ) Toxic essential oils Manufacture of essential oils Distillation Water distillation Steam distillation Hydro diffusion Other specialized distillation Cohobation Rectification Water and steam distillation Fractional distillation Expression Sponge expression รcuelle ร piquer Machine abrasion Solvent extraction Maceration Enfleurage Solvent Hypercritical carbon dioxide CO2 Holistic and alternative medicine Acupuncture Alexander technique Ayurveda Chiropractic Dr Bach flower remedies Herbal medicine Homeopathy Hydrotherapy Hypnosis Iridology Macrobiotics Massage therapy Meditation Naturopathy Reflexology Spiritual healing Tai Chi Yoga Treatment of ailments with essential oils If you are suffering from any medical condition please contact your licensed medical practitioner . The treatments listed below relies on alternative healing with essential oils , and please note that no clinical trials or results are available and rests heavily on anecdotal proof . Abdominal pain Abscess Acne Addictions Anal fissures Athlete ' s foot Bad breath Bedsores Bleeding Bleeding gums Blepharitis Blisters Boils Breathing difficulty Bronchitis Bruises Burns Carbuncles Catarrh Chapped lips Chilblains Circulation Cold sores Colds Conjunctivitis Constipation Coughs Cuts Diarrhea Diverticulosis Dysmenorrhoea Ear infections Fainting Fever Flu Frostbite Gingivitis Grazes Halitosis Hay fever Headaches Heart palpitations Heartburn Hiccups High blood pressure Influenza Insect bites Insomnia Jetlag Laryngitis Leg cramps Lumbago Mouth ulcers Nausea Neuralgia Nosebleed Pneumonia Shock Sinusitis Sore throat Splinter Sty Swollen ankles Toothache Varicose veins Wounds | [
"essential oils",
"aromatherapy",
"Gestalt theory"
] |
http://essexmodelsandminiatures.co.uk/blog/pressed-steel-toys-restoration/ | Essex Models and Miniatures About Me Collecting used model diecast vehicles Contact Us Diecast Restoration Recent diecast renovations conversions Taking pictures dioramas Customs and Conversions Plastic metal kits Scenery buildings Trains and railway layouts Featured pages Scale figures wargames Making stickers and decals A question of scale Pressed Steel toys restoration and collecting Pressed Steel toys restoration and collecting This page has hierarchy Child pages Triang Junior trucks Marx Lumar crane restoration estoring pressed steel toys is much like real car bodywork they rust bend and require more work stripping them of the paint The good part is you can use spray cans with ease for the painting and nowadays you can match most colours in a real car body shop many who supply custom coloured spray cans or in my case I sometimes buy the paint and use a small spot repair spraygun Parts are at best non existent but if you know your toys name you are more than likely to find someone some where making at least some of the parts Decals for Triang and Marx are available but can take some searching for I will be adding links for the major brands such as Triang and Marx on what I find To see some of my pressed steel collection the links below will take you to the articles already on here the section headed restorations are work in progress pages and are updated as work progresses Restorations Triang Junior crane truck restoration Marx Lumar crane restoration Related articles Marx cranes and excavators Marx Atomic Cannon truck Triang Jones KL44 crane and more Triang HiWay truck s Meccano Mogul Tonka Toys Buddy L Nylint Parts and decals For some Triang parts try this website page httpwwwtriangnlreplacementshtm I also have one of the main Marx crane decals artwork or available as a sticker decal Click Here RSS feed for comments on this post TrackBack URL Leave a comment Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment Our websites Contact Us Main website Subscribe to this blog Meta Entries RSS Comments RSS WordPressorg Categories 44 vehicles Land Rover Aviation Aircraft Bell Buses Coaches AEC Bedford Bluebird Daimler Duple Guy Leyland Mercedes Neoplan Renault Thornycroft Volvo Cars AC Cobra Alfa Romeo Aston Martin Audi Austin Taxi BMC BMW Mini Bugatti Buick Cadillac Chevrolet Citroen Cord Custom Diecast Daf Datsun Dodge Duesenburg Ferrari Fiat Ford Hudson Jaguar Jeep Jensen Lamborghini Lotus Mazda Meadows Mercedes Mercury MG Morris Mustang Nissan NSU Off road Oldsmobile Packard Plymouth Pontiac Porsche Racing cars Reliant Renault Rover Subaru Trabant Triumph Vauxhall Volkswagen Volvo Cars Clockwork toys Concept Vehicles Construction Plant AustinWestern AvelingBarford Chaseside Coles CurtissWright Euclid Hatra Jones KW Dart Muir Hill RustonBucyrus Whitlock Construction toys Bayco Chad Valley Lego Triang Arkitex Conversions Diecast models Altaya Amercom Atlas Autorozza 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Product test Recovery vehicles Remote Control Robots Aliens Slot car Racing Scalextric Steam vehicles Tinplate Toys Schylling Tracked vehicles Tractors Trailers boats Caravans Train layouts Triang Minic Trucks Albion Austin Bedford Berliet Commer Diamond T Dodge ERF Foden Ford GMC Guy International Karrier Leyland Mercedes Pegaso Scammell Scania Seddon Atkinson Simca Thorneycroft Transporters Volvo Trucks TV Film Vans Campers Mercedes Pages A question of scale About Me Collecting used model diecast vehicles Contact Us Customs and Conversions Corgi Commer Karrier with a twist Corgi Ford Thames pickup project Corgi Chevrolet Astro 1 Custom Dinky Hudson led sled Husky Ford Fseries custom conversion Matchbox Dodge generator truck project Matchbox Faun crane to Maz 537 conversion Matchbox Faun Crane to Pickfords heavy mover conversion Salvaged from scrap Futuristic vehicles Matchbox taxi brought back from scrap Stock car racing Banger racing Using two wrecks to make one new model Tanzara Pickup VW trailer project Wargames vehicle projects Dinky Shado conversion Matchbox BattleKings K111 Missile Launcher conversion Matchbox missile launcher conversion Diecast Restoration Aston Martin DB7 refurbishment Audi Quattro Bburago Prima Giugiaro restoration Budgie Bedford TKs Budgie Motorway coach restoration Commer ice cream van restoration Corgi Ford Thunderbird restoration Corgi Rover SD1 restoration Corgi Mercedes Pullman 600 renovation Diecast restoration tools equipment Franklin Mint 1930 Duesenberg J Derham Tourster custom repaint Majorette Renault 4 restoration Matchbox Daimlar ambulance restored Matchbox K6 pickup truck repair Matchbox Lotus Europa born again Matchbox MG 1100 restoration Merlin A100 diecast jeep restoration Modellers paint stripping guide Quick Fix 1 Quick fix 2 Quick Fix 3 Quick fix 4 Quick Fix 5 Removing Chrome from plastic parts Removing Corgi diecast wheels Replacing Matchbox Superfast axles Saico BMW repair Triang SpotOn fiat Multipla restoration Featured pages Members pages Damir Klariฤ Jabbas Diecast Kev Bolton Making stickers and decals How to do white backed decals Plastic metal kits My 176 scale vehicle projects Pressed Steel toys restoration and collecting Marx Lumar crane restoration Triang Junior trucks Recent diecast renovations conversions Recent diecast renovations conversions 2 Scale figures wargames 121 scale Eaglemoss Doctor Who figures Debasing the Eaglemoss Cyberman 132 and 135 scale figures Action figures Aliens Predators Battlestar Galactica Cylons Mega Bloks Mag Warriors Neca T2 terminator Knights Castles 120 121 scale medieval mythical Castles wargames scenery medieval siege machines Orcs Goblins Robo Gear Robogear Vehicles Robogear Hunter simple conversion Robogear Varan coversion for 25mm wargames figures Scenery buildings Abandoned storage tanks Garages and other buildings Timber framed cottage Truck drivethru build and finishing Taking pictures dioramas Diorama 1 Part 1 Diorama 1 Part 2 Pictures of Diorama 1 Diorama 2 railway scene Making a water diorama Making boats for dioramas Moon base display Trains and railway layouts DCC wiring for model train beginners My model railway projects Gn15 narrow gauge model railway Gn15 scratch build loco project 1 Knightwing shunter projects Model railway renovations and conversions Athearn Hustler restoration Fleischmann HO shunter refurbishment Hornby Bagnell shunter repaint Triang coach restoration Triang R858 shunter restoration Triang diesel dock shunter conversion 1 My model railway projects buildings and scenery AirfixDapol engine sheds The layout 1 Triang low loader conversion Triang Hornby track type history Our websites Contact Us Main website Personal websites blogs 164 Diecast website Useful Links All major diecast HobbyDB Little Wheels Matchbox Wiki Modelrallysport Vintage British Diecast Tag Cloud 4x4 vehicles AEC Atlas Austin Bedford Budgie Buses Coaches Cars Commer Concept Vehicles Construction Plant Construction toys Corgi Corgi Juniors Diecast models Dinky Display Storage Eaglemoss Emergency service vehicles Exhibitions Fiat Ford Ford Futuristicscifi Husky Impy Jaguar Land Rover Leyland Locomotives Lone Star Majorette Matchbox Military vehicles Model Railways Morris News updates Pressed Steel toys Space Craft Taxi Trucks Tuf Tots TV Film Vans Volkswagen | [
"steel toys"
] |
http://essrig.mysdhc.org/School_Information | Key Information PRINCIPAL ADMINISTRATOR Josh Hodges 813 9757307 813 5585104 Student Hours 7 40 AM to 155 PM Uniforms Mandatory Uniforms Before School Program Yes YMCA After School Program Yes YMCA Area Superintendent Area 3 Demographic School Grade DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION by Total Enrollment 680 students Asian 662 Black 662 Hispanic 4515 Indian 0 Multi 721 White 3441 School Improvement Plan Address 13131 Lynn Rd Tampa FL 33624 School Boundary Map Bus Routes School History Cecile Essrig Elementary School We are honored to have our school named for Cecile Waterman Essrig an outstanding educational leader Mrs Essrig was the first woman elected to serve on the Hillsborough County School Board in 1967 A native of Tampa she was educated in Hillsborough County public schools and graduated from Sweetbriar College in Virginia with a degree in government and economics Graduate study at the University of Pennsylvania helped to prepare her to be an effective member of the school board ESSRIG VISION Preparing Panthers for Life ESSRIG MISSION To provide a culture for learning that encourages and motivates all students to reach their highest individual potential | [
"Essrig Elementary",
"DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION"
] |
http://estate.findlaw.com/planning-an-estate/how-us-tax-rules-apply-to-inheritances-and-gifts-from-abroad.html | U.S. Taxes on Inheritances and Gifts from Abroad By submitting this form , you agree to Findlaw . com ' s terms . We respect your privacy . As people become more globally mobile , estate planning attorneys are being asked questions about the income , estate , and gift tax ramifications relating to property from outside the United States . One of the questions most frequently being asked , for instance , is whether an inheritance or gift from abroad will be taxed if brought into the U.S . The short answer is that the U.S. does n ' t impose inheritance taxes on bequests . Similarly , transfers by gift of property not situated in the U.S. from foreign nationals not domiciled in the U.S. are not subject to U.S. gift taxes . However , many other U.S. tax rules may apply to such a gift or inheritance . This article describes the U.S. taxes on inheritances and gifts from abroad to U.S. citizens , U.S. lawful permanent residents ( " green card " holders ) , or foreign nationals residing in the United States . U.S. Estate Taxes The estate and gift tax rules of the Internal Revenue Code include two basic structures for transfers by bequest . One structure covers death transfers by U.S. citizens regardless of where they are domiciled at death . This structure , with some exceptions for transfers to non - U.S. citizen spouses , applies to estates of foreign nationals who are domiciled in the United States . Foreign nationals who are green card holders are generally considered domiciled in the United States for both U.S. estate and gift tax purposes . This is consistent with the immigration law definition of a U.S. lawful permanent resident as an individual who intends to reside permanently in the United States . Foreign nationals residing in the United States , but without green cards , may be considered domiciled in the United States for purposes of these tax rules as well . Transfers by foreign nationals not domiciled in the United States are covered by a different estate tax structure that imposes taxes on transfers of certain property situated in the United States . As long as the decedent who transfers the asset by bequest or is neither a U.S. citizen nor a foreign national domiciled in the United States , no U.S. estate tax is imposed on the transfer . The United States does not impose inheritance taxes on the beneficiary ' s receipt of a bequest , therefore there is no U.S. tax resulting from the death transfer . Also , the United States also does not impose an income tax on inheritances brought into the United States . However , other U.S. reporting and tax rules may apply to the asset U.S. Gift Taxes The U.S. gift tax rules apply to gratuitous transfers by U.S. citizens and foreign nationals domiciled in the United States regardless of the location of the asset transferred . Certain exemptions apply to gifts regardless of the domicile of the donor or location of the asset . As with the gift tax rules for U.S. citizens , there is an annual exclusion of $ 15,000 per donor ( as of 2018 ) for each donee gift . Gift splitting is not available to foreign nationals not domiciled in the United States . Gifts to U.S. citizen spouses are free of gift tax . Gifts of Gifts by foreign nationals not domiciled in the United States are subject to U.S. gift tax rules only if the asset transferred is situated in the United States ( referred to as " U.S. situs " property ) . Whether property is U.S. situs for purposes of these rules is defined by arcane rules found in sections 2104 and 2105 of the Code . In general , U.S. real estate and tangible personal property that is located in the United States is U.S. situs property but intangibles are not . ( However , intangibles such as stock in U.S. companies or debt instruments of U.S. entities or governments are situated in the United States for U.S. estate tax purposes . ) Special rules apply to treat U.S. bank accounts as situated outside the United States . United States has gift tax treaties , either separate or in combination with estate tax treaties with a number of countries . These treaties may eliminate the U.S. gift tax on certain transfers that are otherwise subject to U.S. gift taxes under the Code . An exemption from gift tax under a treaty is made on a gift tax return . The applicable treaty must be analyzed for application to the transfer . U.S. Income Taxes U.S. persons are subject to U.S. income taxes on worldwide income . Therefore , U.S. persons who own income producing property located abroad are subject to U.S. income taxes on that income . U.S. persons for purposes of U.S. income tax rules include U.S. citizens and U.S. lawful permanent residents , regardless of where they reside . The definition of U.S. persons also includes foreign nationals who are resident aliens for U.S. tax purposes . Resident aliens are foreign nationals who meet either the " green card " test or the 183 - day substantial presence test of section 7701 ( b ) of the Code . The application of U.S. income taxes to property that is transferred or held in trust depends on the status of the grantor or beneficiary , whether U.S. or foreign , under these income tax rules . Translation into U.S. Dollars To determine taxable income for U.S. tax purposes when the income producing asset is denominated in a foreign currency , the income and expenses related to the asset must be translated into U.S. dollars using the appropriate exchange rate . If payments are periodic such as monthly interest , the amount is translated into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rate for the year . Non periodic transactions are translated using the spot rate for the day . Foreign Taxes Income from property located abroad may be subject to foreign income taxes as well as U.S. taxes . Periodic income such as interest is usually subject to a withholding tax at source . If the income is from a country with which the United States has an income tax treaty , this withholding tax can be reduced or eliminated by submitting the appropriate withholding certificates to the payor of the income . Otherwise , the beneficiary can compute a foreign tax credit on Form 1116 of Form 1040 . Foreign tax credits offset U.S. taxes attributable to foreign income in the individual ' s tax return . If there is no positive income , as in the case of a rental loss , the foreign taxes may be taken as an itemized deduction . Foreign Trusts A transfer by death or gift into a foreign trust for the benefit of a U.S. person will impose substantial reporting requirements upon the foreign trustee and U.S. beneficiary as well as subject income distributed to the beneficiary to U.S. income taxes . If the bequest or gift is transferred into a foreign trust by a U.S. person , the U.S. income and reporting rules will apply to income to the trust under the foreign grantor trust rules whether or not the income is distributed to a U.S. person . A foreign trust for purposes of these rules is a trust that is not a domestic trust . A domestic trust is a trust that meets two criteria : A court within the U.S. is able to exercise primary jurisdiction over the administration of the trust ; and One or more U.S. fiduciaries have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust . Stock Ownership in a Foreign Corporation If stock in a foreign corporation is transferred by gift or bequest to a U.S. person , the ownership of that stock may trigger several U.S. anti tax avoidance rules . Generally , these rules are intended to prevent income from certain passive assets from accumulating off - shore free from U.S. taxation . Three main sets of rules comprise this anti - deferral regime : the controlled foreign corporation rules , the foreign personal holding company rules , and the passive foreign investment company rules . These rules that were designed for major multi - national companies apply with Controlled Foreign Corporations A controlled foreign corporation ( CFC ) is a foreign corporation in which U.S. persons , each of whom is at least a 10 percent shareholder , own as a group , more than 50 percent of the vote or value . Under the stock attribution rules for determining whether a foreign corporation is a CFC , stock ownership is attributed from an individual ' s spouse , children , grandchildren and parents who are also shareholders . If a nonresident shareholder is a spouse , child , grandchild , or grandparent of the U.S. person , that person ' s stock is not Foreign Personal Holding Company A foreign personal holding company ( FPHC ) is a foreign corporation is which 5 or fewer U.S. persons own , as a group , more than 50 percent of the vote or value . The scope of the attribution rules for FPHC status is broader than the attribution rules for CFC status . Ownership of stock is attributed to a U.S. person from any lineal descendant or ancestor whether or not the relative is a U.S. person or a nonresident alien . Stock is attributed from siblings regardless of their U.S. tax . To qualify as FPHC the corporation ' s gross income must consist of at least 60 percent passive income . Once that threshold is met , the corporation will continue to be treated as a FPHC if at least 50 percent of its gross income is from certain passive sources . Passive Foreign Investment Company A foreign company is a passive foreign investment company ( PFIC ) if one of two tests is met : 75 percent of the gross income of the corporation is passive or the corporation ' s assets consist of 50 percent or more of passive assets . Passive assets are assets that produce passive income . No threshold of stock ownership by U.S. persons is required for a corporation to qualify as a PFIC . Reporting on Bequests and Gifts from Abroad All bequests and gifts received by U.S. persons from foreign persons that exceed $ 100,000 in the calendar year are reportable to the IRS on Form 3520 , Annual Return to Report Transactions With Foreign Trusts and Receipt of Certain Foreign Gifts . The amount and description of the bequest must be disclosed . However , the IRS does not require disclosure of the identity of the decedent or donor . Taxes on Inheritances and Gifts From Abroad Do n ' t Need to be Complicated : Get Legal Help Today Whether you ' re a U.S. citizen , a permanent legal resident , or a foreign national on a visa , money brought into the United States in the form of an inheritance or a gift may be subject to taxes . An honest mistake or oversight can get you into trouble , which could be magnified if you ' re in the country on a visa . If you plan on bringing - or have already brought - money into the U.S. , it ' s best to consult with an experienced tax attorney to find out your tax obligations . | [
"U.S. Estate Taxes",
"Gift Taxes",
"Income Taxes"
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http://estelledarling.blogspot.com/2011/07/10-most-common-emergency-drugs.html | Monday , July 25 , 2011 The 10 Most Common Emergency Drugs . The 10 Most Common Emergency Drugs . Epinephrine - increases heart rate , constricts blood vessels , dilates air passages . Lidocaine - local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug . Furosemide - loop diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema . Digoxin - cardiac glycoside widely used in the treatent of various heart conditions like atrial fibrillation , atrial flutter , and sometimes heart failure that can not be controlled by other medications . Sodium Bicarbonate - used as a buffer in respiratory acidosis - induced cardiac arrests . Dopamine Hydrochloride - increases heart rate and blood pressure . Nitroglycerin - vasodilator to treat heart conditions , such as angina and chronic heart failure . Atrophine Sulfate - used to treat episodes of bradycardia , asystole and cardiac arrest . Dobutamine Hydrochloride - used in treatment of heart failure and cardiogenic shock . Morphine Sulfate - used to treat both acute and chronic pain . Also used for pain due to myocardial infarction and labor . [ Do n ' t be too impressed . I totally stole this from The Science Blog . ] Posted by Estelle at 2 : 53 AM Labels : Nurse Estelle 16 comments : Zazzy Episodes said . . . Nerd . I totally thought you were just keeping your nursing skills sharp for when you get that job . 8 : 30 PM , July 26 , 2011 Estelle Darling said . . . Hehe . Once a nursing school nerd , always a nursing school nerd . 2 : 10 AM , July 28 , 2011 Pollyanna Of those , I regularly give furosemide and digoxin . If you made a list of most common drugs in nursing homes , I bet you at least 50 % are bowel related . Yuck ! PS I helped give an enema today - first time . PPS I also saw my first tunneling pressure sore . Yuck x3 ! - Polly 8 : 38 PM , July 28 , 2011 Cathy Thanks for that . 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"Emergency Drugs .",
"Epinephrine",
"Digoxin"
] |
http://estimationqs.com/square-metre-method-of-estimating-advantages-and-disadvantages-building-construction/ | Apr 11 Square Metre Method of Estimating Advantages and Disadvantages Building Construction By admin in Estimating Methods Square Metre Method Cost of Building Per Gross Floor Area The superficial floor area also known as the square metre method of estimating is one of the quickest methods of calculating the cost of a buildingconstruction project It is the first estimate that will be prepared by a Quantity Surveyor when initial sketch drawings are produced by the architect In this early planning and design stage an architect may produce design alternatives that can be priced by a Quantity Surveyor for cost comparison purposes Alternatively the architect may design to a cost taking into account the clients budget The square metre method involves measuring the internal gross floor area of a building and multiplying by the cost per m2 to get the total cost of building The internal gross floor area is measured within the external walls ie floor area enclosed by external walls without adjustments for partition walls staircases or lifts For example when measuring a simple rectangular single storey plan 20m x 5m with 230mm external brickwalls and no open space in a location where the building rate is R8000 per m2 you have to calculate the cost of building as follows First Step Calculate the inside length of external walls measured from inside face 20m 023 x 2 m 1954m 5m 023 x2 m 454m Total Estimated Cost of Building Project Internal Gross Floor Area x Cost per m2 Total Cost 1954 x 454 m2 x 8000 Total Cost 8871m2 x 8000 Total Cost R709680 Building with Open Spaces For a building with open spaces eg enclosed courtyards areas under roof lights veranda porch patio etc you will need to adjust the internal gross floor area by deducting the area of the open space In this case if the same single storey plan 20m x 5m has a corner veranda measuring 3 x 15 m you will need to adjust the gross floor area of the building Building Area 1954 x 454 8871m2 Veranda Area 3m 023m 277m 15m 023m 127m Area 277 x 127 m 352m2 Adjusted Gross Floor Area 8871 352 8519m2 Total Estimated Cost of Building Project 8519 x 8000 Total Cost R681520 Multistorey Buildings When estimating or measuring buildings with multiple storeys or floors the concept is the same You have to adjust the internal gross floor area of each floor for open spaces such as balconies and decks Whereas you can use a single rate when pricing a singlestorey building an experienced Estimator will analyze the floor specifications in each room so that an appropriate rate can be applied to that room In a luxury or exclusive house designed by an architect the types of floor finishes may vary across rooms for example such a house might have a tinted grano floor in the garage terrazzo floor in the kitchen ceramic tiles in the bathroom marble floor in the living room and carpets in the bedroom In this case the Estimator has to measure the rooms separately so The same applies to a multistorey building The type of floor finish on each floor has to be accounted for and priced accordingly This approach will allow the Estimator to come with an accurate estimate The layout of such an estimate will show the different areas of a floor by the type of finish Cost Estimate Proposed Three Storey Office Block on No12 Acardia Street Cape Town Quantity Unit Rate Cost Ground Floor Storeroom grano M2 Office 1 to 5 vinyl tiles M2 Office 6 and 7 ceramic tiles M2 First Floor Executive Offices carpets M2 Kitchenette ceramic tiles M2 Executive Toilets porcelain tiles M2 Staff Toilets vinyl tiles M2 Second Floor Boardroom marble floors M2 External Works Paving M2 Boundary Wall M Drainage and Site Reticulation M Provisional Sums Item SUM Preliminaries Item SUM Sub Total Item SUM Total Estimated Project Cost After measuring the building floors you have to add allowances and provisional sums to your project so as to come with an estimate which is as close as possible to a complete Bills of Quantities The Estimator must add External Works Site Pavings Boundary Walls Drainage and Water Reticulation Provisional Sums Specialist Sums by Nominated Subcontractors eg Electrical Installation Fire Detection Security Alarm etc Contingencies When To Use Square Metre Method of Estimating The Superficial Floor Area method of estimating is used when the first sketch designs are produced by the architect It is a fast method of estimating and it relies on building rates of similar projects done in the past in a specific location These rates can be obtained from municipality plan approval office property developers quantity surveyors bank housing loan department and experienced building contractors with a rich portfolio of finished works Any type of building project from a lowincome house to a large commercial project can be estimated using the cost per gross floor area method Advantages of Square Metre Method It relies on architects sketch drawings It relies on the gross floor area of the building plan It is much faster to produce than a Bill of Quantities The current building index can be incorporated in the estimate Estimates are based on past similar projects Disadvantages of Square Metre Method It does not take into account the aerial configuration of the building Although two buildings may have the same gross floor area the aerial plan might be different It doesnt take into account the total perimeter of the walls It doesnt take into account the floortoceiling height of the building It doesnt take into account the area and type of wall finishes These disadvantages are considerations that a Quantity Surveyor should assess when estimating the cost of a building Otherwise it is a fairly accurate estimate if the rates are obtained from a similar project Cost per m2 Cost Per Square Metre Square Metre Method Superficial Floor Area Superficial Method | [
"Square Metre Method of Estimating",
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http://et.worldofwarcraft.wikia.com/wiki/Gruul%27s_Lair | in : Blade ' s Edge Mountains subzones Burning Crusade Caves and 7 more Gruul ' s Lair Eesti Redigeeri Comments Share Raid Gruul ' s Lair 221px The Gruul ' s Lair loading graphic Location Blade ' s Edge Mountains Race ( s ) Pilt : IconSmall Gronn . gif Gronn Ogre Ogre Ogre mage Ogre mage Pilt : IconSmall OgreLord . gif Ogre lord End boss Gruul the Dragonkiller Raid info Type Raid Advised level 70 + Player limit 25 Lockout timer 1 week Bosses Other raids Pilt : WoW Icon 16x16 . gif TBC WotLK Cataclysm Mists of Pandaria Pilt : Gruul ' s Lair bosses . jpg Pilt : Gruul ' s Lair . jpg is located north of Ruuan Weald in the Blade ' s Edge Mountains of Outland . Here , Gruul the Dragonkiller , the merciless gronn overlord , rules over the ogres of Blade ' s Edge . This raid contains two bosses , and High King Maulgar , and requires no attunement . The player must be at least level 65 and in a raid to enter . Sisukord nรคita Dungeon Denizens Edit Pilt : IconSmall Felhunter . gif Felhunters Pilt : IconSmall Gronn . gif Gronn ( one , Ogre male Ogres Pilt : IconSmall OgreLord . gif Ogre lord ( one , High King Maulgar Pilt : IconSmall Ogre Mage . gif Ogre mages Encounters Edit To The first encounter in Gruul ' s lair is one Lair Brute that patrols up and down a long cavern . After him are two other randomly spawned mobs , either Brutes or Gronn - Priest . The patrol can be pulled single , but the duo beyond must be done together . The first mob will call for help , but tanked next to the portal he will be too far to be heard by the next two mobs . If only one of the pair of two mobs is killed , they will both respawn The mobs leading to High King are on a 1 hour timer . When is killed the gate on the far side of him will open and the mobs leading to him will no longer spawn . To Gruul When the gate is opened , there will be several inside . All static packs are randomly Gronn - Priests or Lair Brutes . The two patrolling mobs are always Brutes . First pull is a double pull . Second pull is a single pull that patrols from the first double pull to the fire . Third pull is a double pull by the fire . Fourth pull is a single patrol that leads from Gruul ' s area to the fire . The last pull is a triple pull at the end of cavern that leads to Gruul . When Gruul is killed no will spawn inside of his lair . Related quests N [ 70D ] The Cudgel of Kar ' desh Loot Main article : Gruul ' s Lair loot Helpful items There are 6 Unstable Flasks available designed especially for fighting Gruul . External links World of Warcraft Community Site ( US ) World of Warcraft Community Site ( US ) World of Warcraft Community Site ( EU ) World of Warcraft Community Site ( EU ) Databases Wowhead Thottbot WoWDB Strategy Guides External link AlmostGaming . com Gruul ' s Lair Strategy Guide Misc External link RealmHistory Guild progression WowGroupings Group & Raid Scheduler v d e Subzones of Bash ' ir Landing Blackwing Coven Blade Tooth Canyon Bladed Gulch Blades ' Run Bladespire Grounds Bladespire Hold Bladespire Outpost Bloodmaul Camp Bloodmaul Outpost Bloodmaul Ravine Boulder ' mok Broken Wilds Churning Gulch Circle of Blood Circle of Blood Arena Crystal Spine Cursed Hollow Daggermaw Canyon Death ' s Door Draenethyst Mine Dragons ' End Dragonspine Ridge Evergrove Forge Camp : Anger Forge Camp : Terror Forge Camp : Wrath Furywing ' s Perch Grishnath Insidion ' s Perch Jagged Ridge The Living Grove Mok ' Nathal Village Northmaul Tower Obsidia ' s Perch Ogri ' la Raven ' s Wood Razaan ' s Landing Razor Ridge Rivendark ' s Perch Ruuan Weald Scalewing Shelf Shartuul ' s Transporter Singing Ridge Skald Skyguard Outpost Soulgrinder ' s Barrow Southmaul Tower Sylvanaar Thunderlord Stronghold Toshley ' s Station Trogma ' s Claim Veil Lashh Veil Ruuan Veil Vekh Vekhaar Stand Vim ' gol ' s Circle Vortex Pinnacle Wyrmskull Bridge Wyrmskull Tunnel Map of Blade ' s Edge Mountains Blade ' s Edge Mountains category v d e Instanced dungeon locations Instances by level Instance portal Instance limitations Battlegrounds Non - instanced dungeons Kalimdor Mists of Pandaria Ragefire Chasm Wailing Caverns Blackfathom Deeps Razorfen Razorfen Downs Razorfen Kraul Maraudon Dire Maul Zul ' Farrak TBC Caverns of Time Escape from Durnholde Keep Opening the Dark Portal WotLK Culling of Stratholme Pilt : Icon Cataclysm 18x18 . gif End Time Pilt : Icon Cataclysm 18x18 . gif Well of Eternity Hour of Twilight Uldum Halls of Origination Lost City of the Tol ' vir Zul ' Gurub Raids : Caverns of Time Battle for Mount Hyjal Dragon Soul Onyxia ' s Lair Ahn ' Qiraj Ruins of Ahn ' Qiraj Temple of Ahn ' Qiraj Eastern Kingdoms Deadmines Shadowfang Keep The Stockade Gnomeregan Scarlet Monastery Scarlet Cathedral Scarlet Halls Uldaman Scholomance Stratholme Temple of Atal ' Hakkar Magisters ' Terrace Blackrock Mountain Blackrock Caverns Blackrock Depths Blackrock Spire Grim Batol Zul ' Aman Raids : Blackrock Mountain Blackwing Descent Blackwing Lair Molten Core Karazhan Sunwell Plateau Bastion of Twilight Baradin Hold Outland Auchindoun Auchenai Crypts Mana - Tombs Sethekk Halls Shadow Labyrinth Coilfang Reservoir Slave Pens Steamvault Underbog Hellfire Citadel Blood Furnace Hellfire Ramparts Shattered Halls Tempest Keep Arcatraz Botanica Mechanar Black Temple Serpentshrine Cavern Magtheridon ' s Lair The Eye Northrend Azjol - Nerub Ahn ' kahet : The Old Kingdom Azjol - Nerub Crusaders ' Coliseum Trial of the Champion Trial of the Grand Crusader Icecrown Citadel The Forge of Souls Halls of Reflection Pit of Saron Nexus Oculus The Nexus Violet Hold Ulduar Halls of Lightning Halls of Stone Utgarde Utgarde Keep Utgarde Pinnacle Drak ' Tharon Keep Gundrak Eye of Eternity Ulduar Icecrown Citadel Naxxramas Obsidian Sanctum Ruby Sanctum Trial of the Crusader Vault of Archavon Cataclysm Elemental Plane Throne of the Tides Stonecore Vortex Pinnacle Firelands Throne of the Four Winds Pandaria Temple of the Jade Serpent Stormstout Brewery Shado - Pan Monastery Mogu ' shan Palace Gate of the Setting Sun Siege of Niuzao Temple Mogu ' shan Vaults Heart of Fear Terrace of Endless Spring Throne of Thunder Patch 5.2 Removed dungeons Naxxramas ( 40 - man ) Onyxia ' s Lair ( 40 - man ) The Stockade ( pre - Stratholme ( pre - Deadmines Ragefire Chasm Scarlet Monastery Zul ' Aman ( 10 - man ) Zul ' Gurub ( 20 - man ) Guides Instance grouping guide Instances by level Instance attunement Instances category Instance bosses category fr : Repaire de Gruul Kategooriad Blade ' s Edge Mountains subzones Burning Crusade Caves Ogre territories Raids Instances Elite areas Add category Languages : ะ ัััะบะธะน | [
"Gruul 's Lair",
"Ruuan Weald",
"Dragonkiller"
] |
http://etale.org/main/2013/11/22/helping-students-develop-personal-learning-networks/ | Helping Students Develop Personal Learning Networks Posted on November 22 , 2013 by Bernard Bull I had a great time this week connecting with people around the world at the Global Education Conference . This free and open online conference is one of best that I โ ve seen , including participants and presenters from seemingly every continent . As part of the event , I had a chance to present on a couple of topics : one about global perspectives on grading and assessment and a second on helping students development personal learning networks . This post is a chance to recap and reflect further on that second topic . Personal Learning Networks have been around for some time . The idea of a PLN is simply a network of people and resources through which you learn and grow . Books like Personal Learning Networks : Using the Power of Connections to Transform Education and The Connected Educator : Learning and Leading in a Digital Age both give a helpful introduction to this concept and what it means for educators . However , there is a smaller and potentially even more significant conversation about personal learning networks that is taking place . That consists of a growing number of us who are looking at the idea of a personal learning network , combining it with the promise and possibility of self - directed learning and starting to think more about how we might empower and encourage students to cultivate their own personal learning networks . What if learning communities and organizations made student personal learning networks an integral part of the learning experience ? As students progress through their schooling years , what if they cultivated a deeper and more substantive global personal learning network ? Informed by the idea of connectivism , a student personal learning network is one that helps learners not only learn about a given topic , but also grow in their understanding of how to cultivate and make use of knowledge networks . It is one thing to study world geography out of a textbook . It an entirely different A Little Learning Theory Background If we look at some of the trends in education over the past century , we can see them as extensions of four learning theories : behaviorism , cognitivism , constructivism and connectivism . Behaviorism is where we get things like measurable learning objectives in education . This is the body of work that focused upon observable behavior , reward , punishments , classical conditioning and operant conditioning . Behaviorism is often associated with names like Watson , Skinner and Thorndike . The influence of behaviorism in education can be traced to the early part of the 20th century , but it continues to inform thought and practice today . We see it informing the work of many scholars and educators over the last century , and it can also be seen as a significant influence in the push toward the use of observable and measurable learning objectives . Teachers in the 1960s and 1970s started to be introduced to this idea through books like Robert Mager โ s Preparing Instructional Objectives , but by the 1980s use of such objectives became common practice in schools around the United States . If you ca n โ t see it , measure it and document it , then it loses significance from a behaviorist perspective . Alongside the influence of behaviorism we saw the development of cognitivism . One of the more well - known educational influences of this movement relates to the idea of developmental psychology , when we discovered that the brain develops in certain stages and we can start to plan learning experiences based upon where people are in these developmental stages . Where behaviorism focused upon external observable behavior , cognitivism invited attention to the inner workings of brain . Constructivism emerged amid these two perspectives on learning , adding yet another strand to the conversation . As the name might suggest , constructivism focused upon the idea that knowledge is not simply something that one person transfers to another , but knowledge is constructed within an individual through experience . For many educators , John Dewey is likely the first name that comes to mind when thinking about such ideas . You may also think of people like Vygotsky , Kolb , and Montessori . While I represent these three as if they came in a nice and neat chronology , the reality is that they often crossed paths with another . We see amply evidence of them intermingling , especially when we look at educational models and practices over the last century . Today it is common to find a educators who describe their educational philosophy and practice in a way that seems to relate to all three of these in one way or another . More recently , even into the 21st century , we find yet another perceptive added to the conversation . George Siemens and Stephen Downes introduced connectivism , which seems to suggest that knowledge is not simply something that exists in our brains . Instead , knowledge exists in our connections with other people , resources and communities . This resonates with the experience of many in this digital and information age , as we often find that our connections with others is what enables us to work and flourish . Medical professionals rely upon complex data systems and other professionals Trans - Atlantic Slave Trade Database as an example ) . Self - directed Learning Now allow me to turn our attention to the topic of self - directed learning for a moment . As I look at learning organizations today , I see two major approaches to teaching and learning . I will use a fishing analogy for this example . Some schools are set up as fish distribution centers . They are like fish markets where a person is given a fish and can then prepare it and eat it . Other learning organizations function more like places of fishing lessons . They do n โ t just give out the fish . In reality , few learning organization are one or the other of these two . They are most often at some point in a spectrum between the two . Some focus upon content distribution with some opportunity for self - directed learning , while others are heavy on self - directed learning with occasional content distribution . An easy way to think about this is to consider the spectrum of a school based upon four questions ( as seen below ) . One the one side we have a more teacher - directed approach . On the right side , Self - blended Learning Allow me to add one more piece to this puzzle before drawing our attention to the final picture of a student personal learning network . This last piece relates to the concept of self - blended learning . Blended learning is the mixing of face - to - face and online learning . Some talk about self - blended learning as a situation where a learner takes online courses and some face - to - face courses . I suggest that this is too limiting of a definition . Instead , I use self - blended learning to mean any here . From this perspective , self - blended learning is self - directed learning plus informed blended learning . Pulling it All Together This finally brings us back to idea of a student personal learning network , which is a mix of connectivism , self - directed learning and self - blended learning . As defined at Wikipedia , โ A personal learning network is an informal learning network that consists of people a learner interacts with and derives knowledge from โฆ โ When I ask people to describe their personal learning network , they sometimes start by describing the technologies that they use , tools like Twitter , blogs , YouTube , and Google Hangouts . That is understandable because these are the tools that allow them to connect with their network . However , I argue that the network is largely the people , communities and resources ; not the technologies themselves . If I showed A Student Personal Learning Network A student personal learning network is , therefore , a rich and ever - growing series of connections with people , resources , and communities around the world โฆ connections that allow us to grow in knowledge , skill , ability and perspective . What if we spent more time thinking about the networks that students are building as they go through their schooling years ? What are the tools and technologies that they use and how are they using them ? One of many connections in this network will likely be one or more teachers . It will also What if we made the building of such a network a central part of the curriculum , inviting students to keep a log or journal of their growing network , and how this network is empowering them to learn , how it is expanding their knowledge and perspective ? How are they building a meaningful network ? This would genuinely turn schools into places of fishing lessons . Students can interview people around the world , tutor and be tutored , take part in formal and informal learning communities , take part in Twitter chats and Hangouts , learn from Over time , the students may not only build a personal learning network , but also venture into starting their own personal teaching networks , being agents of change and positive influence in the digital world and beyond . Practical First Steps Does this interest you ? If so , here are a few simple ways to get started . 1 ) Introduce students to the idea of a personal learning network and have them create a map of that network using their favorite mind mapping tool . If you have one , share your PLN as an example . Be sure to spend time on the โ why โ of a PLN . Then invite students to add to and refine this network over the year . 2 ) Set aside time for PLN Show and Tell โ This is simply a time where students display the visual of their network to others , explaining how they use it and how it helps them . On occasion , have students explain what is new in their network , how it was added and how it helps them . This provides a wonderful opportunity for peer - to - peer learning . 3 ) Create simple challenges where learners find a problem , try to solve it and periodically report back to the group . They will build and leverage their network to solve the problem . Along the way , they will not only find potential solutions , but they will experience the power of connected learning . 4 ) If you are working with younger students , consider building a class PLN , where you map it out on the wall , and you collectively add to it throughout the year through Skype sessions , Google Hangouts and other connections with people and groups around the world . When you face a new challenge as a class , ask the students , โ Is there anything in our PLN that could help us with this ? Do we need to expend or expand our PLN in some way ? โ 5 ) Revisit the chart above that contrasts teacher - directed and self - directed learning . Find places in your course ( s ) where you can edge one or more activities a bit closer to the self - directed learning side of things . Invite students to use their personal learning networks to find and achieve learning goals . These are enough to get you started . As you have interest , try one or more of them and let me know how they work ? Also , feel free to add more suggestions in the comment area . If you are interested , below is a recording of the full session . Like this : Loading . . . Posted in blended learning blog personal learning network self - directed learning | [
"Etale",
"Personal Learning Networks",
"Global Education Conference"
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http://etaxicabs.com/ | Contact Us Online Fort Worth Cab Reservation Form Passengers Full Name Contact Phone EMail Address Pickup Address DropOff Address Travel Date Time Additional Travel Details Track Flight Status more at wwwflightstatscom eTaxiCabs eTaxiCabscom provides the best taxi ride service from Fort Worth TX and Euless TX offering General Taxi Cab rides Airport Transfer and Executive services For Taxi Cab Service Call Us on 626 3181010 469 5834089 or Reserve Taxi Cab Online eTaxiCabs Service Area eTaxiCabscom provides taxi cab services from Euless and Fort Worth TX to Allen Arlington Bedford Carrolton Colleyville Corinth Dallas Denton Grand Prairie Grapevine Hurst Irving Keller Las Colinas Lewisville Mckinney North Richland Hills Plano Richardson Richland Hills Rowlett Southlake The Colony Trophy Club and Westlake Airport Services Dropoff only eTaxiCabscom also provides Dropoff Airport Cab Rides to Dallas Fort Worth International Airport DFW Dallas Executive Airport RBD Fort Worth Spinks Airport FWS Grand Prairie Municipal Airport GPM Meacham International Airport FTW and Dallas Love Field Airport DAL from or to to Dallas and Fort Worth Area Call eTaxiCabs For rides call us at 626 3181010 469 5834089 and you can also Reserve our taxi cab services online in advance The response will be provided within a Maximum of 30 Mins after Booking is made over the Phone or 45 min when made online Business Enquiries If you have a business need please get in touch by filling out this small form For Euless Cab Reservation Call us on 626 3181010 469 5834089 or Reserve Taxi Cab Online | [
"eTaxiCabs"
] |
http://etc.ancient.eu/culture/acting-greek-theatre-honoring-dionysus/ | Acting and Greek Theatre Honoring Dionysus Over the last few centuries acting has developed into visual art that entertains people around the world in the form of stage plays or in recent times through the mediums of television and film However acting as we know it originated thousands of years ago with quite a different audience in mind It developed as a weeklong competition ushering in the spring season and honoring the Greek god Dionysus god of wine music and drama and in some other interpretations god of fertility The Theater of Dionysus on the South Slope of the Acropolis Athens Greece photo by Carole Raddato The festival often began with a procession through the city This was believed to be a blessing of the crops of Athens so farmers would have a fruitful harvest As the procession progressed toward the temple of Dionysia some Athenian citizens rejoiced dancing and playing tambourines while others were much more solemn displaying their dignity and wearing very lavish robes The festival began with dithyrambs or songs sung by a large chorus of usually 50 men The remainder of the festival was dedicated to dramatic competitions in which five new plays were performed and judges gave prizes to the best authors and actors Athenian acting seemed to be dominated by three Their theater known as a theatron had three sections which housed the orchestra that included ten to fifteen singers from the chorus the skene where the actors performed and the audience which consisted of huge crowds often well over 18000 of Athenians The type of play performed was also dominated by three Athenians performed a comedy tragedy and the satyr usually with masks that Greek Comedy mask 2nd century BCE photo by Mark Cartwright accompanied the type of play During the City Dionysia play tragedies seemed to dominate the competition however Again keeping with the theme of three actors usually assembled on stage in threes and only men were allowed to perform If there were roles that were meant for women male actors portrayed the women Many great Greek playwrights were introduced during these celebrations including Aeschylus Sophocles and Euripides In the early 5th century BCE Aeschylus known as the great innovator because of his introduction of the second actor which made the role of actors much more sophisticated changed the standard of Greek plays developed by playwright Thespis who was an Athenian poet and founder of drama Aeschylus developed the tragic play as it is known today and was the first winner at the City Dionysus festival in 484 BCE Sophocles 1st century BCE photo by Mark Cartwright Sophocles plays are probably the best known surviving plays of antiquity He introduced to the world of acting the struggle of the individual against fate in plays such as Oedipus Rex The King and Antigone He went further than Aeschylus by adding one more actor to the play to create three a final change that became the standard of Greek plays as we know them today Euripides and Sophocles often battled on the same stage during the competitions with Euripedes winning far fewer awards than Sophocles This may have been due to his unconventional take on life and the role that the gods played in it For him peoples lives were dominated by chance not by the gods His style can be compared to that of modern humanist philosophy placing more emphasis on the common Despite Euripides lack of interest in featuring the gods as central or overarching characters in his plays one that earned him critical acclaim and a victory in 403 BCE was his play Bacchae It is considered one of the best tragedies ever written and ironically the god Dionysus is the central focus in this play Even though Euripides makes Dionysus the central character he still stays loyal to his humanist approach to playwriting by making Dionysus appear to the people of the city of Thebes under the guise of a common man A quote from a modern interpretation of this play demonstrates the purpose of this blog the exaltation of Dionysus in a few lines Chorus O my Lord Dionysus My voice will always sing your praise Blessed is he who knows the sacraments and sacred rites of the gods And performs Dionysus cleaning rituals high on the mountains His soul in unison With the gods band of followers For he lives a life pure References Mcleish Kenneth The Greek Theatre Aspects of Greek Life Essex Longman Group UK Limited 1972 Russell John The Oxford Illustrated History of Theatre New York Oxford University Press 1995 Nardo Don Greek and Roman Theater SanDiego Lucent Books Inc 1995 Grant Neil History of Theater London Hamlyn 2002 Theodoridis George Euripides Bacchae 2005 Retrieved online on December 9 2014 from httpbitly1rg68VJ Image 1 httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiFileThe_Theater_of_Dionysus_on_the_South_Slope_of_the_Acropolis_Athens_Greece_14031455532jpg Image 2 and 3 Ancient History Encyclopedia Filed under Culture Tagged with Greek Comedy Greek Tragedy theatre by Melisha Childs Melisha Mel Childs was trained at the undergraduate level in modern history primarily in New World Exploration and the development of Caribbean nations She also loves to delve into topics of ancient history to discover not only the origins of humankind but also how she fits into this hourglass of the human sands of time She is a blogger and is involved in promoting the growth and development of filmmaking in Georgia Previous Post Exploring the Depth and Beauty of AngloSaxon Literature Next Post Fifth EAGLE International Event 2015 in Cyprus | [
"Honoring Dionysus"
] |
http://etc.usf.edu/maps/galleries/na/complete/ | Historic and contemporary maps of North America , including physical and political maps , early exploration maps , colonization period , Native American distribution , climate maps , relief maps , population density and distribution maps , vegetation maps , and economic / resource maps . Development of North America , 1492 โ 1564 A map of the Americas showing the European exploration and development between the first voyage of Christopher Columbus ( 1492 ) and the establishment of Saint Augustine , Florida by Pedro Menendez de Aviles ( 1564 ) . The map is color โ coded to show . . . European Colonization in North America , 1500 โ 1700 A map of North America showing the European colonization in the region up to the year 1700 . The map is color โ coded to show the possessions of the British , French , Spanish , Dutch , Swedish , and Danish . The map shows the territory in dispute betwe . . . North American Region , 1578 George Beste ' s depiction of North America and the region around Frobisher ' s Strait . . . . Eastern North America , 1650 Areas of North America claimed by England , France , and Spain , as well as unexplored areas . . . . Original Range of the Bison , 1720 โ 1903 A map of North America showing the original range of the American bison . The map shows the dates of local extermination , location , and numbers of wild animals in 1903 ( Central Canada and the Rockies ) . " Beyond all doubt the most noteworthy of all . . . North America , 1783 A map of North America , Central America , and northern South America at the end of the American Revolutionary War ( 1783 ) . The map is color โ coded to show the territory of the United States at the time , British possessions in Canada , Russian posse . . . North America , 1840 A map of North America in 1840 at the time when the concept of " Manifest Destiny " was being applied to annex the Oregon Territory , Texas , and much of northern Mexico into the United States . The map is color โ coded to show the extent of . . . , 1858 A map from 1858 of North America showing the boundaries at the time for Russian America ( Alaska ) , Greenland , British America or New Britain , Canada East and Canada West , the United States , Mexico , Central America , and the West Indies Islands . The map . . . , 1868 A map from 1868 of North America , Central America , and the Caribbean showing the physical features of the region , vegetation types , ocean currents , temperatures , principal products and mineral deposits . Mountain chains are represented by lines of var . . . North America and West Indies , 1870 A map of North America , Central America , and the Caribbean to St . Thomas and St . John islands in 1870 showing political boundaries at the time , mountain systems and terrain , rivers , and major cities . The map is color โ coded to show the European . . . Next Last Maps > North America > Complete Maps Site Map | [
"North America",
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http://etc.usf.edu/techease/mac/hardware/what-is-firewire/ | What is Firewire ? Along with USB , Firewire ( also called IEEE 1394 ) is another popular connector for adding peripherals to your computer . Firewire is most often used to connect digital camcorders , external hard drives , and other devices that can benefit from the high transfer rates ( up to 480 Mbps ) supported by the Firewire connection . The iSight camera used for chatting on the Mac connects using a Firewire cable . In addition to connecting peripherals such as camcorders or external hard drives , Firewire can be used to connect two computers to transfer files . Firewire has the advantage of being able to transfer power to the device through the same cable that does the data transfer . A disadvantage of Firewire is that cables tend to be more expensive . Firewire was originally developed by Apple and comes standard on many Macintosh computers . Even though most camcorders also include USB 2 connectors , these may only be used to download the digital images many newer camcorders can take . To download video , you would use the Firewire connection . Like USB , Firewire supports different connector types . The end of the cable that goes into the computer is a 6 Pin cable , while the smaller connector that goes into the camcorder is a 4 Pin cable . To connect two computers , you will need a 6 Pin to 6 Pin cable . Back to Hardware | Keywords : firewire hardware sharing | Pages Home Credits Grant Funding Information Mac Chat & Conferencing Classroom Practice How do I encourage my students to stay on task while using the computer ? How do I ensure that my students take good care of the computers we have in our classroom ? How do I minimize disruptions due to technical problems ? How do I promote collaborative learning using the computers in my classroom ? I only have one computer , how do I implement technology in my classroom ? E - Mail Files & Sharing Hardware Images Internet What is the World Wide Web ? What is web 2.0 ? What is the Internet ? What is a web browser ? How do I use my web browser to navigate the Web ? What is a URL ? What is a 404 error and what should I do if I get one ? What is a plugin ? How do I install it ? What is a cookie ? How do I empty my browser โ s cache ? What is social bookmarking ? What is tabbed browsing , and how do I use it ? How should my students cite a web page ? What is HTML ? How do I create a webpage ? How is writing for the web different ? How do I make my web pages accessible ? What is a โ WebQuest โ ? What is blogging and how can I use it as a classroom activity ? What is a wiki ? What is RSS ? How do I use online map services ? What is Google Earth ? What is a podcast and how do I create one ? What is Netiquette ? What is an Acceptable Use Policy ( AUP ) ? How do I connect to the Web ? How do I control all those pop - up windows ? How do I bookmark a site I like so I can view it later ? How can I share bookmarks with my students ? How can I use a search engine to find the sites I want instead of ten thousand sites I do n โ t want ? How can my students know if a web source is reliable ? How can I check to see what sites my students have been visiting ? How can I save a local copy of a website to show to my students in a room with no Internet connection ? 4All Getting Started Introduction to Universal Access in Mac OS X Introduction to Ease of Access in Windows 7 Setting Up Multiple User Accounts in OS X Creating Screen Recordings with QuickTime Player Vision Introduction to VoiceOver The VoiceOver Quick Start Tutorial The VoiceOver Help Menu VoiceOver Keyboard Help Changing the Accessibility Settings for Mac OS X with the Keyboard and VoiceOver Changing the VoiceOver Preferences Changing the VoiceOver Preferences with VoiceOver Changing the Voice Used by VoiceOver Changing the VoiceOver Pronunciation Settings Changing the VoiceOver Verbosity Settings The VoiceOver Caption Panel The Tile Visuals Feature of VoiceOver Using VoiceOver to Interact with the Menu Bar Using VoiceOver to Interact with the Dock Using VoiceOver to Search with Spotlight Navigating a Web Page with VoiceOver Using the Web Rotor to Navigate a Web Page with VoiceOver VoiceOver โ s Quick Nav Feature Switching Applications with VoiceOver Reading Email with VoiceOver and Apple Mail Sending an Email Message with VoiceOver and Apple Mail Using WebAnywhere Text to Speech in Mac OS X The Zoom Tool in Mac OS X Changing the Display Contrast in Mac OS X Changing the Cursor Size in Mac OS X Using Mouse Locator to Make the Cursor Easier to Find Making the Dock Easier to See Making the Icons on Your Computer Easier to See Setting Up Your Computer to Announce Alerts with Text to Speech How to Use Narrator in Windows 7 Changing Ease of Access Preferences with Narrator The Windows 7 Magnifier Changing the Size of the Icons in Windows 7 Adjusting the Display Contrast in Windows 7 Making the Cursor Easier to See in Windows 7 Installing NVDA on Windows 7 Using the NVDA Screen Reader on Windows 7 Changing the NVDA Synthesizer Settings Changing the Voice Settings for NVDA Enabling Audio Cues for NVDA Navigating Web Pages with NVDA Accessing the Text Only Version of the USF Website with NVDA Accessibility Options in Text - Only Version of USF Website Resizing Text In Your Browser ( Mac ) Resizing Text in Your Browser ( Windows ) Using Chromevis for Google Chrome Hearing Mac OS X Universal Access Settings for Hearing Disabilities Visual Notifications in Windows 7 Searching for Closed Captioned Content in iTunes U Enabling Closed Captioning in iTunes Enabling Closed Captioning in QuickTime Player Learning Using the reference tools built into Mac OS X The word completion feature in Mac OS X Spell check in iWork and TextEdit Creating an outline with Pages The full screen view in Pages Using Preview โ s speech feature to listen to a PDF Using the Speech Service in Mac OS X to record text into an audio file The speech feature of the Mac OS X Calculator Using the Simple Finder to help students stay on task Browser Based Text to Speech The Readability Extension for Firefox and Chrome Motor Skills Mobile Devices Web Accessibility Introduction to Web Accessibility Benefits of Web Accessibility Web Accessibility Myths The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines ( WCAG ) Introduction to Alternative Text for Images Dreamweaver Accessibility Preferences for Images Adding Alternative Text to Images in Dreamweaver Using the Web Developer Toolbar to Check Images for Alt Text Making Text Easier to Read On Screen Making Text Easier to Read with Dreamweaver Color and Web Accessibility Color Blindness Simulations Checking the Color Contrast of Web Pages Setting the Language in Dreamweaver Adding Page Titles in Dreamweaver Adding Page Structure with Headings in Dreamweaver Guidelines for Link Titles Adding Link Titles in Dreamweaver Creating a Skip Navigation Link in Dreamweaver Using Lists to Enhance Usability for Screen Reader Users Layout and Data Tables Creating an Accessible Data Table with Dreamweaver Creating Accessible Forms with Dreamweaver Grouping Form Elements with Fieldsets Improving Form Usability with CSS Aligning Form Elements with CSS Writing for the Web , Usability and Accessibility Writing for the Web and People with Low Literacy Checking the Reading Level of Your Website Checking the Section 508 Compliance of Your Site with Cynthia Says Checking for Section 508 and WCAG Compliance with Web Accessibility Checker Checking the Accessibility of Your Site with WAVE Checking the Accessibility of your Site with Accessibility Toolbars for Firefox Using the Fangs Screen Reader Emulator The Lynx Text Web Browser 5 Tips for More Accessible PDF Documents Adding Structure to a PDF Document Created with Microsoft Word Adding Alternative Text to Images in Microsoft Word 2007 Adding Alternate Text to Images in Microsoft Word 2010 Accessibility Options for Exporting Microsoft Word Documents to PDF Format Adding White Space in Microsoft Word to Improve PDF Conversion Adding Alternative Text to Images with Adobe Acrobat Marking Up Decorative Images in Adobe Acrobat Adding Tags to PDF Documents in Adobe Acrobat Changing the Reading Order of a PDF Document with Adobe Acrobat Using Adobe Acrobat โ s Accessibility Checks Creating ePub Documents with Pages Making Image in ePub Documents for the iPad Accessible Captioning Guidelines Setting up MovieCaptioner on the Mac Captioning QuickTime Movies with MovieCaptioner Fine Tuning Captions with MovieCaptioner Adding Closed Captions to YouTube Videos Windows Classroom Practice How do I encourage my students to stay on task while using the computer ? How do I ensure that my students take good care of the computers we have in our classroom ? How do I minimize disruptions due to technical problems ? How do I promote collaborative learning using the computers in my classroom ? I only have one computer , how do I implement technology in my classroom ? Images Files & Sharing E - Mail How do I check my mailbox for new messages ? How do I control โ spam โ ? How do I create a signature to appear at the end of my emails ? How do I create an email list ? How do I hide the names of my mailing list recipients ? How do I know who is really sending me an email ? How do I protect my computer while using email ? How do I reply to or forward an email ? How do I save a file sent to me ? How do I send an email ? What are rules , and how do I use them to manage my email ? What do I need to install to use email ? What is โ phishing โ and how do I protect myself from it ? What is an attachment , and how do I send one ? What is good email Netiquette ? Internet How can I check to see what sites my students have been visiting ? How can I save a local copy of a website to show to my students in a room with no Internet connection ? How can I share bookmarks with my students ? How can I use a search engine to find the sites I want instead of ten thousand sites I do n โ t want ? How can my students know if a web source is reliable ? How do I bookmark a site I like so I can view it later ? How do I connect to the Web ? How do I control all those pop - up windows ? How do I create a webpage ? How do I empty my browser โ s cache ? How do I keep my computer secure while surfing the Web ? How do I make my web pages accessible ? How do I use my web browser to navigate the Web ? How do I use online map services ? How is writing for the web different ? How should my students cite a web page ? What is a โ WebQuest โ ? What is a 404 error and what should I do if I get one ? What is a cookie ? What is a plugin ? How do I install it ? What is a podcast and how do I create one ? What is a URL ? What is a web browser ? What is a wiki ? What is an Acceptable Use Policy ( AUP ) ? What is blogging and how can I use it as a classroom activity ? What is Google Earth ? What is HTML ? What is Netiquette ? What is RSS ? What is social bookmarking ? What is spyware and how do I get rid of it ? What is the Internet ? What is the World Wide Web ? What is web 2.0 ? Sitemap Categories No categories Tags accessibility chat communication Dreamweaver Ease of Access email file files getting started hardware iChat images iPhoto keyboard low vision Mac OS X accessibility mail motor skills navigation network PDF photo Picasa picture printer screen reader security seeing sharing social universal access vision visual impairments VoiceOver web web accessibility website Windows 7 accessibility Windows Messenger Meta Log in | [
"Firewire",
"Apple",
"Macintosh computers"
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http://etc.usf.edu/techease/win/files-sharing/how-do-i-find-out-how-much-space-i-have-free-to-store-files-on-my-computer/ | How do I find out how much space I have free to store files on my computer ? An easy way to find out how much space is free on your hard drive ( usually labeled the C : drive ) is by opening My Computer , selecting the drive , and then looking at the Details section on the bottom left of the window . The details section will show you the total size of your hard drive , and how much free space you still have available to store files . If you want to see a visual representation of this information , right - click on the drive in My Computer and select Properties . The General tab will display a pie chart where you can see how much of your hard drive is still available ( as represented by the magenta color on the pie chart ) . Back to Files & Sharing | Keywords : disc space files | Pages Home Credits Grant Funding Information Mac Chat & Conferencing How do I add people to my Buddy List in iChat ? How do I block users I do n โ t want to chat with me on iChat ? How do I change my buddy icon in iChat ? How do I change my online status in iChat ? How do I chat with more than one buddy at a time with iChat ? How do I send a file using iChat ? How do I set up iChat ? How do I start a a chat in iChat ? I have an iSight camera , but my friend does n โ t , can I still do a video chat ? What are emoticons , and how do I use them in iChat ? What do all those abbreviations used in chat mean ? What do I need to install in order to get started with chat ? Classroom Practice How do I encourage my students to stay on task while using the computer ? How do I ensure that my students take good care of the computers we have in our classroom ? How do I minimize disruptions due to technical problems ? How do I promote collaborative learning using the computers in my classroom ? I only have one computer , how do I implement technology in my classroom ? E - Mail How do I add a link to a webpage in my message ? How do I check my mailbox for new messages ? How do I control โ spam โ ? How do I create a signature to appear at the end of my emails ? How do I create an email list ? How do I hide the names of my mailing list recipients ? How do I know who is really sending me an email ? How do I reply to or forward an email ? How do I save a file sent to me ? How do I send an email ? How do I set up my email account in Mail ? What are rules , and how do I use them to manage my email ? What is โ phishing โ and how do I protect myself from it ? What is an attachment , and how do I send one ? What is good email Netiquette ? Files & Sharing Can I open files created with a PC on my Mac ? How do I assign labels to my folders ? How do I change the program that opens a type of file on my computer ? How do I compress files to make them smaller ? How do I connect two Macs to share files using a Firewire cable ? How do I create a copy of a file ? How do I delete files or folders ? How do I find out how much disk space I have free to store files on my computer ? How do I install programs on my computer ? How do I rename a file or folder ? How do I save my work on a Mac ? How do I share files between Macs and PCs over a network ? How do I share files between Macs over the network ? How do I switch between open applications using my keyboard ? How do I use the Finder to manage my files and folders ? How do I view the properties of a file or folder ? What is an alias , and how do I create one ? What is Exposรฉ ? What is Spotlight , and how do I use it to search for files on my computer ? What is the Dock , and how do I use it ? Hardware How can I clean my computer ? How do I burn a CD on my Mac ? How do I change the default printer ? How do I connect a digital camera to my computer to download pictures of my students ? How do I connect my computer to my school โ s network ? How do I connect my laptop to a projector ? How do I create a computer - to - computer wireless network ? How do I install a printer on my Mac ? How do I manage print jobs on my Mac ? How do I print in landscape ? How do I print in on the Mac ? How do I safely remove a USB device from my computer ? How do I share a printer ? I ca n โ t connect to my network , what should I do ? I ca n โ t print , what should I do ? What is 802.11 ? What is a flash drive ? What is Firewire ? What is USB ? Images How do I get images on my computer ? How do I reduce the file size of an image ? How do I use Flickr to create online presentations ? How many megapixels do I need my camera to have ? What are some tips for taking better pictures ? What are the differences between the file formats used to save images ? What is bit depth ? What is Flickr ? What is resolution ? What is the difference between bitmap and vector images ? What is the difference between optical and digital zoom ? What resolution should I use when I scan my images ? Internet What is the World Wide Web ? What is web 2.0 ? What is the Internet ? What is a web browser ? How do I use my web browser to navigate the Web ? What is a URL ? What is a 404 error and what should I do if I get one ? What is a plugin ? How do I install it ? What is a cookie ? How do I empty my browser โ s cache ? What is social bookmarking ? What is tabbed browsing , and how do I use it ? How should my students cite a web page ? What is HTML ? How do I create a webpage ? How is writing for the web different ? How do I make my web pages accessible ? What is a โ WebQuest โ ? What is blogging and how can I use it as a classroom activity ? What is a wiki ? What is RSS ? How do I use online map services ? What is Google Earth ? What is a podcast and how do I create one ? What is Netiquette ? What is an Acceptable Use Policy ( AUP ) ? How do I connect to the Web ? How do I control all those pop - up windows ? How do I bookmark a site I like so I can view it later ? How can I share bookmarks with my students ? How can I use a search engine to find the sites I want instead of ten thousand sites I do n โ t want ? How can my students know if a web source is reliable ? How can I check to see what sites my students have been visiting ? How can I save a local copy of a website to show to my students in a room with no Internet connection ? 4All Getting Started Introduction to Universal Access in Mac OS X Introduction to Ease of Access in Windows 7 Setting Up Multiple User Accounts in OS X Creating Screen Recordings with QuickTime Player Vision Introduction to VoiceOver The VoiceOver Quick Start Tutorial The VoiceOver Help Menu VoiceOver Keyboard Help Changing the Accessibility Settings for Mac OS X with the Keyboard and VoiceOver Changing the VoiceOver Preferences Changing the VoiceOver Preferences with VoiceOver Changing the Voice Used by VoiceOver Changing the VoiceOver Pronunciation Settings Changing the VoiceOver Verbosity Settings The VoiceOver Caption Panel The Tile Visuals Feature of VoiceOver Using VoiceOver to Interact with the Menu Bar Using VoiceOver to Interact with the Dock Using VoiceOver to Search with Spotlight Navigating a Web Page with VoiceOver Using the Web Rotor to Navigate a Web Page with VoiceOver VoiceOver โ s Quick Nav Feature Switching Applications with VoiceOver Reading Email with VoiceOver and Apple Mail Sending an Email Message with VoiceOver and Apple Mail Using WebAnywhere Text to Speech in Mac OS X The Zoom Tool in Mac OS X Changing the Display Contrast in Mac OS X Changing the Cursor Size in Mac OS X Using Mouse Locator to Make the Cursor Easier to Find Making the Dock Easier to See Making the Icons on Your Computer Easier to See Setting Up Your Computer to Announce Alerts with Text to Speech How to Use Narrator in Windows 7 Changing Ease of Access Preferences with Narrator The Windows 7 Magnifier Changing the Size of the Icons in Windows 7 Adjusting the Display Contrast in Windows 7 Making the Cursor Easier to See in Windows 7 Installing NVDA on Windows 7 Using the NVDA Screen Reader on Windows 7 Changing the NVDA Synthesizer Settings Changing the Voice Settings for NVDA Enabling Audio Cues for NVDA Navigating Web Pages with NVDA Accessing the Text Only Version of the USF Website with NVDA Accessibility Options in Text - Only Version of USF Website Resizing Text In Your Browser ( Mac ) Resizing Text in Your Browser ( Windows ) Using Chromevis for Google Chrome Hearing Mac OS X Universal Access Settings for Hearing Disabilities Visual Notifications in Windows 7 Searching for Closed Captioned Content in iTunes U Enabling Closed Captioning in iTunes Enabling Closed Captioning in QuickTime Player Learning Using the reference tools built into Mac OS X The word completion feature in Mac OS X Spell check in iWork and TextEdit Creating an outline with Pages The full screen view in Pages Using Preview โ s speech feature to listen to a PDF Using the Speech Service in Mac OS X to record text into an audio file The speech feature of the Mac OS X Calculator Using the Simple Finder to help students stay on task Browser Based Text to Speech The Readability Extension for Firefox and Chrome Motor Skills Sticky Keys in Mac OS X Sticky Keys in Windows 7 Slow Keys in Mac OS X Filter Keys in Windows 7 Mouse Keys in Mac OS X Mouse Keys in Windows 7 Text substitution feature of Mac OS X Creating keyboard shortcuts in Mac OS X Using the onscreen keyboard in Mac OS X Using speech recognition in Mac OS X Automator Basics Setting up the speech recognition feature in Windows 7 Using the Windows 7 speech recognition feature Dictating a document with Windows 7 speech recognition Simulating mouse functions with speech recognition in Windows 7 Reordering Content with the Keyboard in Blackboard 9 Safari Accessibility Preferences and Keyboard Shortcuts Firefox Keyboard Shortcuts Google Chrome Keyboard Shortcuts Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts Mobile Devices Introduction to IOS Accessibility Features Introduction to VoiceOver for IOS Using VoiceOver with iBooks Using the Web Rotor to Navigate Web Pages with Mobile Safari Changing VoiceOver Settings with the Rotor Restrictions in IOS 4.2 iBooks and Print / Learning Disabilities Web Accessibility Introduction to Web Accessibility Benefits of Web Accessibility Web Accessibility Myths The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines ( WCAG ) Introduction to Alternative Text for Images Dreamweaver Accessibility Preferences for Images Adding Alternative Text to Images in Dreamweaver Using the Web Developer Toolbar to Check Images for Alt Text Making Text Easier to Read On Screen Making Text Easier to Read with Dreamweaver Color and Web Accessibility Color Blindness Simulations Checking the Color Contrast of Web Pages Setting the Language in Dreamweaver Adding Page Titles in Dreamweaver Adding Page Structure with Headings in Dreamweaver Guidelines for Link Titles Adding Link Titles in Dreamweaver Creating a Skip Navigation Link in Dreamweaver Using Lists to Enhance Usability for Screen Reader Users Layout and Data Tables Creating an Accessible Data Table with Dreamweaver Creating Accessible Forms with Dreamweaver Grouping Form Elements with Fieldsets Improving Form Usability with CSS Aligning Form Elements with CSS Writing for the Web , Usability and Accessibility Writing for the Web and People with Low Literacy Checking the Reading Level of Your Website Checking the Section 508 Compliance of Your Site with Cynthia Says Checking for Section 508 and WCAG Compliance with Web Accessibility Checker Checking the Accessibility of Your Site with WAVE Checking the Accessibility of your Site with Accessibility Toolbars for Firefox Using the Fangs Screen Reader Emulator The Lynx Text Web Browser 5 Tips for More Accessible PDF Documents Adding Structure to a PDF Document Created with Microsoft Word Adding Alternative Text to Images in Microsoft Word 2007 Adding Alternate Text to Images in Microsoft Word 2010 Accessibility Options for Exporting Microsoft Word Documents to PDF Format Adding White Space in Microsoft Word to Improve PDF Conversion Adding Alternative Text to Images with Adobe Acrobat Marking Up Decorative Images in Adobe Acrobat Adding Tags to PDF Documents in Adobe Acrobat Changing the Reading Order of a PDF Document with Adobe Acrobat Using Adobe Acrobat โ s Accessibility Checks Creating ePub Documents with Pages Making Image in ePub Documents for the iPad Accessible Captioning Guidelines Setting up MovieCaptioner on the Mac Captioning QuickTime Movies with MovieCaptioner Fine Tuning Captions with MovieCaptioner Adding Closed Captions to YouTube Videos Windows Classroom Practice How do I encourage my students to stay on task while using the computer ? How do I ensure that my students take good care of the computers we have in our classroom ? How do I minimize disruptions due to technical problems ? How do I promote collaborative learning using the computers in my classroom ? I only have one computer , how do I implement technology in my classroom ? Images How do I back up my photos using Picasa ? How do I build a web gallery using Picasa ? How do I capture video from my video camera using Windows Movie Maker ? How do I create a movie in Windows Movie Maker ? How do I create a slideshow using Picasa ? How do I create a web album in Picasa ? How do I crop images using Picasa ? How do I edit audio with Windows Movie Maker ? How do I edit video clips with Windows Movie Maker ? How do I email pictures using Picasa ? How do I fix the colors in my images using Picasa ? How do I get images on my computer ? How do I import content into Windows Movie Maker ? How do I import photos from my digital camera using Picasa ? How do I narrate a movie with Windows Movie Maker ? How do I order prints using Picasa ? How do I print my pictures using Picasa ? How do I reduce the file size of an image ? How do I remove red eye from my images using Picasa ? How do I search in Picasa ? How do I straighten an image using Picasa ? How do I turn a color image into a black and white image with Picasa ? How do I use Flickr to create online presentations ? How do I use Picasa to manage my photo collection ? How many megapixels do I need my camera to have ? What are some tips for taking better pictures ? What are the differences between the file formats used to save images ? What are the main parts of the Picasa interface ? What is bit depth ? What is Flickr ? What is Picasa and how do I install it on my computer ? What is resolution ? What is the difference between bitmap and vector images ? What is the difference between optical and digital zoom ? What is Windows Movie Maker ? What resolution should I use when I scan my images ? Chat & Conferencing How do I add people to my contact list in Windows Messenger ? How do I block users I do n โ t want to chat with me with Windows Messenger ? How do I change my online status with Windows Messenger ? How do I chat with more than one buddy at a time with Windows Messenger ? How do I send a file using Windows Messenger ? How do I set up Windows Messenger ? How do I start a text chat in Windows Messenger ? How do I start a Video Chat in Windows Messenger ? How do I start a voice chat in Windows Messenger ? How do I use the whiteboard feature in Windows Messenger ? What are emoticons , and how do I use them in Windows Messenger ? What do all those abbreviations used in chat mean ? What do I need to install in order to get started with chat ? Files & Sharing Can I open files created with a Mac on my Windows computer ? How can I backup my files ? How do I change the program that opens a type of file on my computer ? How do I compress files to make them smaller ? How do I connect to a shared folder on the network ? How do I create a copy of a file ? How do I create a shared folder that I can use to share files with my students ? How do I delete files in Windows ? How do I find out how much space I have free to store files on my computer ? How do I install and uninstall programs on my computer ? How do I protect my data from viruses ? How do I rename a file in Windows ? How do I save my work in Windows ? How do I search for a file on my computer ? How do I share files between Windows and Mac computers ? How do I use Windows Explorer to manage my files and folders ? How do I view the properties of a file or folder ? What is a shortcut , and how do I create one ? What is the proper way to name a file in Windows ? E - Mail How do I check my mailbox for new messages ? How do I control โ spam โ ? How do I create a signature to appear at the end of my emails ? How do I create an email list ? How do I hide the names of my mailing list recipients ? How do I know who is really sending me an email ? How do I protect my computer while using email ? How do I reply to or forward an email ? How do I save a file sent to me ? How do I send an email ? What are rules , and how do I use them to manage my email ? What do I need to install to use email ? What is โ phishing โ and how do I protect myself from it ? What is an attachment , and how do I send one ? What is good email Netiquette ? Hardware How can I clean my computer ? How can I clean up my hard drive to create more space ? How do I burn a CD in Windows XP ? How do I change the default printer ? How do I connect a digital camera to my computer to download pictures of my students ? How do I connect my computer to my school โ s network ? How do I connect my laptop to a projector ? How do I connect to a printer on my school โ s network ? How do I install a printer in Windows XP ? How do I manage print jobs in Windows XP ? How do I print in landscape ? How do I print in Windows XP ? How do I safely remove a USB device from my computer ? How do I scan my hard drive for errors ? How do I share a printer ? I ca n โ t connect to my network , what should I do ? I ca n โ t print , what should I do ? What is 802.11 ? What is a flash drive ? What is defragmenting and how do I do it ? What is Firewire ? What is system restore and how do I use it ? What is USB ? Internet How can I check to see what sites my students have been visiting ? How can I save a local copy of a website to show to my students in a room with no Internet connection ? How can I share bookmarks with my students ? How can I use a search engine to find the sites I want instead of ten thousand sites I do n โ t want ? How can my students know if a web source is reliable ? How do I bookmark a site I like so I can view it later ? How do I connect to the Web ? How do I control all those pop - up windows ? How do I create a webpage ? How do I empty my browser โ s cache ? How do I keep my computer secure while surfing the Web ? How do I make my web pages accessible ? How do I use my web browser to navigate the Web ? How do I use online map services ? How is writing for the web different ? How should my students cite a web page ? What is a โ WebQuest โ ? What is a 404 error and what should I do if I get one ? What is a cookie ? What is a plugin ? How do I install it ? What is a podcast and how do I create one ? What is a URL ? What is a web browser ? What is a wiki ? What is an Acceptable Use Policy ( AUP ) ? What is blogging and how can I use it as a classroom activity ? What is Google Earth ? What is HTML ? What is Netiquette ? What is RSS ? What is social bookmarking ? What is spyware and how do I get rid of it ? What is the Internet ? What is the World Wide Web ? What is web 2.0 ? Sitemap Categories No categories Tags accessibility chat communication Dreamweaver Ease of Access email file files getting started hardware iChat images iPhoto keyboard low vision Mac OS X accessibility mail motor skills navigation network PDF photo Picasa picture printer screen reader security seeing sharing social universal access vision visual impairments VoiceOver web web accessibility website Windows 7 accessibility Windows Messenger Meta Log in | [
"hard drive",
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http://etc.usf.edu/techease/win/images/how-do-i-create-a-movie-in-windows-movie-maker/ | How do I create a movie in Windows Movie Maker ? NOTE : As of January 10 , 2017 , Microsoft ceased to support Windows Movie Maker . The Windows Movie Maker application will continue to function , however , and can still be used by those who prefer it . We are maintaining the Movie Maker posts within TechEase because we find that many people are still using the application and come to the TechEase site looking for the specific help we offer . CAUTION : While installation files that were downloaded directly from Microsoft are safe , there are now many reports of non - Microsoft scam websites offering malware versions of Movie Maker for download . While this malware may function at first , it eventually will demand payment for functions such as saving a file . Never download software from an untrusted source . The first thing you should do when you open Windows Movie Maker to work on a new project is save the project file : Select File > Save Project As โฆ Choose a save location on your computer and enter a name for your file in the File name field . Click on Save . You should save your project file as often as possible by selecting File > Save Project . The project file contains the information that will allow you to open the project with Movie Maker at a later time if you need to make additional edits . The first step in making a movie with Movie Maker is to capture or import the content you want to use ( such as video clips and still images ) . Once you have captured or imported the clips and still images you want to use in your movie , the next step is to use the Storyboard to arrange these assets into a sequence : Select a clip or still image you want to add to your movie in the Collection area . To preview a clip before you add it to your movie , click on it once in the Collection area to select it and press the Play button in the Preview Monitor . To add the clip or image to your movie , drag the clip or still image into one of the rectangular boxes in the Storyboard . If you do not see the Storyboard , click on the Show Storyboard button above the timeline . Repeat the previous steps to add more clips or still images to your movie . You can change the order of clips and images by dragging them to different locations in the Storyboard . To remove a clip or image from the Storyboard , click once to select it and press the Delete key on your keyboard . This will only remove the clip or image from the Storyboard . The original will remain in your Collection so you can use it again at a later time . Transitions can add variety and visual interest to your movie . However , you should use them in moderation . To add a transition between two clips or images : Select View video transitions in the Edit Movie section of the Movie Tasks pane ( or choose Video Transitions from the Collections pulldown menu ) . If you do not see the Movie Tasks pane , choose View > Task Pane to display it . The Collection area will show a series of icons for the transitions available in Windows Movie Maker . Choose a transition and drag it to one of the small rectangles between two clips in the Storyboard . To remove a transition , click once to select it in the Storyboard and press the Delete key on your keyboard . Using video effects , you can give your video clips the look of aged film , change them to black and white , and more . To add a video effect to a clip : Select View video effects in the Edit Movie section of the Movie Tasks pane ( or choose Video Effects from the Collections pulldown menu ) . The Collection area will display a series of icons for the video effects available in Windows Movie Maker . Choose a video effect and drag it into a clip in the Storyboard . A star will display in the lower left corner of the clip or image to let you know that an effect has been added . To remove an effect , click once to select the star in the lower left corner of a clip and press the Delete key on your keyboard . You can add titles and credits to your movie as follows : Select Make titles or credits from the Edit Movie section of the Movie Tasks pane . Choose the type of title or credit you want to add to your movie by clicking on one of the links . You can add titles at the beginning or end of the movie , before or after a clip , or as overlay that will display on top of the currently selected clip . Enter your text in the text boxes . To change the appearance of your text , click on the Change the text font and color link . On the next screen , use the controls to change the font type , color , transparency , size , and alignment . You can also make text bold , italic , or underline . To change the animation , click on the Change the title animation link . On the next screen , choose one of the animations to display a preview in the Preview pane . Click on Done , add title to movie when you โ r finished setting all of your options . If you need to edit a title after you have added it to your movie , select the title clip in the Storyboard and choose Edit > Edit Title from the menu bar . To preview the movie , make sure no clips or images are selected in the Collection area , then press the Play button above the Timeline or Storyboard . You can also use the Play button in the Preview Monitor . The final step in creating a movie is to export it so that it is in a format other people can play on their computers . To export a finished movie to your computer โ s hard drive : Choose File > Save Movie File โฆ Choose My Computer as the Movie Location and click on Next . Enter a name for your movie and choose a save location . The default location is the My Videos folder in My Documents . Choose Best quality for playback on my computer ( Recommended ) . Movie Maker will let you know how much space the movie will take and how much space you have available on your computer . Click on Next to start saving your movie . This step can take some type if you have a slower computer or a very long movie . Make sure Play movie is checked on the final screen and then click on Finish to start playing your movie with Windows Movie Player . Back to Images | Keywords : getting started movie Movie Maker presentation video | | [
"Windows Movie Maker",
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http://etchhair.com/ | Be Bold Be yourself Current promotions To celebrate our new Downtown shop were offering a couple promos right in time for the holiday parties Stylist promo Book with Jen for any cut colour for just 100 at the Beltline location Save 50 off your cut when you book for a colour service with Zxyro or Yuya Downtown exclusive Book an eyelash service today and receive 20 off your first full set Regular price is 115 Book it A novel idea Each visit to ETCH is like a hangout We catch up tell stories and dive into our future plans Youre not treated like a customer but like a friend We dont care about the brands youre wearing or if you cant grow a mountainman moustache Were not here to judge And like a good friend tell it to you straight There are no egos here just good hair Welcome to ETCH Hair Design Beltline Reservation Downtown Reservation Our Crew We roll with some of Calgarys most talented hair stylists backed by career and academy experience and a series of intense inhouse workshops by ETCH founder Kiyoshi Takasugi Meet our stylists Our ShOPS Having our salon located in Calgarys Beltline community has so many perks We get to see and feel the energy this neighbourhood exudes on a daily basis We get to see firsthand the hair trends and styles that evolve each season and the people who rock it Its why we love this community and the surrounding area so much and why weve called it home since we first opened our doors in 2009 Now were embarking on a new journey into the Downtown Core With an expanded talented crew weve just opened a second store on 8th Ave Japanese hair Styling Bridal Hair Photos Hairstyles Make up by Etch When we first opened in 2009 we saw a huge marketdemand gap for Japanese hair stylists in Calgary You pretty much needed to know someone who knew someone who could do it well Fast forward six years and ETCH has become one of Calgarys best salons for Japanese and Asian hair styles For half of our staff thats their specialty so trust them to know how best to style Asian hair gallery All the photos are taken by ETCH | [
"Downtown shop"
] |
http://ete.cet.edu/gcc/?/biodiversity_curr_mass_extinction/ | A Current Mass Extinction ? Aside from smaller , less insignificant extinctions , Earth has experienced five โ mass extinctions โ that have been identified and confirmed by many fossil records . When you hear the term mass extinction , you probably think of the dinosaurs and the giant asteroid that may have been responsible for their disappearance from Earth . Extinction means that no more organisms of a certain species exist . The process of extinction can happen over a long period of time as an environment changes , and for various reasons the species lose their ability to reproduce . A mass extinction is a large - scale event when many different plant and animal species become extinct . The last extinction occurred approximately 65.5 million years ago , but there have been at least five major mass extinctions when more than 50 percent of animal species disappeared . Think of 50 percent of today โ s plant and animal species โ half of the world โ s biodiversity โ disappearing . How do you think this will impact ecosystems ? Some estimates of mass extinctions say that Earth has had as many as 20 mass extinctions . The difference Ecologists and paleontologists say that Earth is now experiencing another mass extinction . One - quarter of all mammals are endangered . But unlike some past extinctions this one is not caused by a single chance event such as an asteroid impact . This one seems to be caused by environmental changes , such as global climate shifts . Extinctions are measured against a background level , which just refers to the normal amount of extinction that you could expect to occur . By studying fossil records , scientists estimate that the background level of extinction is about one species per million species per year . Considering the amount of tropical rainforests that we are now losing , we may now be facing species loss of 27,000 species per year in those habitats alone . Other species , although not extinct , exist in numbers so small now that they have little chance of surviving on a large scale . Some scientists estimate that about 30 % of Earth โ s plants and animals could be headed for extinction within the next 100 years . No asteroid impact will likely cause these future changes . Loss of habitat , loss of food , loss of pollinators for plants , and global climate impacts will slowly destroy food webs and ecosystems . Organisms will not be able to adapt enough to compensate for greatly changed environments . Some organisms will , of course , be able to adapt and survive . But thousands of others may not . These thousands exist now as part of an interconnected whole . How will our ecosystems be affected ? Will our environments be able to provide our oxygen if forests are destroyed ? Will our coastal waters be cleansed if wetlands are replaced by land developments ? Will we be able to grow our crops if we lose pollinators and trigger temperature changes that are not conducive to crop growth ? | [
"mass extinctions"
] |
http://ete.cet.edu/gcc/?/biodiversity_importance/ | The Importance of Biodiversity Biodiversity is the amount of variety of life on Earth It is the number of different species of plants animals and microorganisms It includes organisms from Earths vastly different ecosystems including deserts rainforests coral reefs grasslands tundra and polar ice caps Our biodiversity is very important to the wellbeing of our planet Most cultures at least at some time have recognized the importance of conserving natural resources Many still do but many do not Healthy ecosystems and rich biodiversity Increase ecosystem productivity each species in an ecosystem has a specific nichea role to play Support a larger number of plant species and therefore a greater variety of crops Protect freshwater resources Promote soils formation and protection Provide for nutrient storage and recycling Aid in breaking down pollutants Contribute to climate stability Speed recovery from natural disasters Provide more food resources Provide more medicinal resources and pharmaceutical drugs Offer environments for recreation and tourism How do we replace lost biodiversity Our environments and the species that live in them need a diverse population of genes More genetic defects are caused by inbreeding With reduced diversity in the gene pool the chance for extinction increases All species including humans are adversely affected by the loss of species diversity | [
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http://etereman.com/blog/transmission-care/resetting-shift-adapts-is-it-necessary-after-installing-a-rebuilt-transmission | Resetting Shift Adapts Is It Necessary After Installing a Rebuilt Transmission Posted by ETE Product Support on Wednesday April 9th 2014 A modern transmission must be reset after service or installation Image source MotorMechanicru In the old days installing a rebuilt transmission was easy A mechanic would simply remove the old unit install the new one bring fluids up to recommended levels and collect their fee That has all changed however thanks to modern electronic components that give todays gearboxes the ability to learn new habits Nowadays resetting shift adapt patterns is essential for ensuring a properly functioning vehicle You see todays transmissions are like infant children they must learn or in some cases relearn the skills they need to function properly Yes this means that modern techs must babysit them in a sense That may sound weird of course after all most babysitters get to raid the fridge and watch TV but not us But then again were usually free on Saturday nights so I guess it all balances out When a Shift Adapt Reset is Needed Resets should be performed after all rebuilt transmission installs One should also be completed after any service work that involves reprogramming the TCMPCM or replacing components Sometimes an aftermarket scan tool can complete the reset just fine on its own If it cant then you will need to do so manually A basic howto on this topic follows Steps to Completing a Shift Adapt Fortunately shift adapts are relatively easy as long as the technician follows the steps necessary These can be broken down as follows Keep in mind that this is a general guide to resetting shift adapts intended to apply to as many vehicle models as possible and you should always consult the automobiles manual for special procedures or circumstances NOTE This procedure requires that the vehicle be driven short distances both forward and backwards So it should be performed on a lift or in a large outdoors area Some PCMs may not allow all four wheels to turn if the vehicle is suspended making it necessary to perform the reset outofdoors The first step is to complete whatever repairs or maintenance brought the vehicle into the shop in the first place You may want to hold off on a postservice test drive until the shift adapt process is completed Make sure to clear all DTC codes from the TCM Check the transmission fluid level and temperature It should be around 150 degrees F about 65 C before beginning the process Start the vehicle Set the shift lever in neutral move it into drive and then return it to neutral Wait five seconds then repeat this process four more times Gently increase engine speed to the equivalent of 45 mph then gently decelerate Do this five times Repeat step five but raise engine speed slightly faster Repeat step five but raise engine speed very quickly Shut off the vehicle and leave it alone for two minutes or more Shift adapt resets are necessary for installing a rebuilt transmission successfully Failing to take this important step can cause all sorts of problems for your customers from hard shifting to internal transmission damage So take the time to perform this important procedure correctly If youre looking for a quality remanufactured transmission then you wont do better than ETE REMAN Thats why we offer a threeyearunlimited mileage warranty on all our products Browse our online catalog and contact us today Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment Understanding the BorgWarner ITM 3e AWD Transmission How Phantom Sensor Signals Taught One Transmission Technician to Think Outside the Box Search This Blog Most Recent Entries Categories BMW Transmission Fiat Transmission Ford Transmission General Motors Transmission Honda Transmission Luxury Transmission Nissan Transmission OffRoad Transmission Racing Transmission Subaru Transmission Towing Transmission Toyota Transmission Transmission Care Transmission Repair Shop Uncategorized VW Transmission Wise Driving Archives January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 | [
"Resetting Shift Adapts",
"Installing",
"Rebuilt Transmission"
] |
http://etfdb.com/etf/PPLT/ | PPLT Aberdeen Standard Platinum Shares ETF ETF PPLT $ 83.36 Change : $ 0.45 ( 0.54 % ) Time : 04 / 16 / 19 CDT Previous Close : $ 83.81 Category Precious Metals Profile ETFdb Realtime Rating ETFdb Analyst Report Holdings Expenses & Fees ESG Performance Fund Flows Charts Valuation Dividend Technicals Fact Sheet Read Next Issuers Aberdeen Standard Investments Aberdeen Standard Platinum Shares ETF Last Updated : Apr 15 , 2019 Profile Vitals Issuer : Aberdeen Standard Investments Structure : Grantor Trust Expense Ratio : 0.60 % ETF Home Page : Home page Inception : Jan 06 , 2010 Tax Form : 1099 Tracks This Index : Platinum Bullion Trading Data Open : $ 83.65 Volume : 66,900 Day Lo : $ 82.88 Day Hi : $ 83.65 52 Week Lo : $ 71.92 52 Week Hi : $ 90.26 AUM : $ 588.7 M Shares : 7.1 M Investment Themes ETFdb . com Category : Precious Metals Asset Class : Commodity Commodity Type : Commodity : Platinum Commodity Exposure : Physically - Backed Historical Trading Data 1 Month Avg . Volume : 97,605 3 Month Avg . Volume : 96,608 Alternative ETFs in the Precious Metals Category Type Ticker Expense Ratio Assets Avg . Daily Vol YTD Return Cheapest SGOL 0.17 % $ 873.7 M 50,527 0.36 % Largest ( AUM ) GLD 0.40 % $ 31,162.7 M 7,783,105 0.29 % Most Liquid ( Volume ) IAU 0.25 % $ 12,499.6 M 13,878,116 0.33 % Top YTD Performer PLTM 0.50 % $ 3.9 M 8,814 11.94 % Analyst Report This fund offers exposure to one of the world ' s most expensive metals , platinum . PPLT is designed to track the spot price of platinum bullion by holding bars of the metal in a secure vault , allowing investors to free themselves from finding a place to store the commodity . PPLT is one of the only ways that investors can obtain exposure to the metal beyond buying shares of the few platinum miners , purchasing individual coins , or holding a futures contract on platinum . However , futures contracts encounter roll yield issues and are inherently Realtime Rating Sign Up for Pro to Unlock Data Sign Up Realtime Rating Summary The adjacent table gives investors an individual Realtime Rating for PPLT on several different metrics , including liquidity , expenses , performance , volatility , dividend , concentration of holdings in addition to an overall rating . The " A+ Metric Rated ETF " field , available to ETFdb Pro members , shows the ETF in the Precious Metals with the highest Metric Realtime Rating for each individual field . To view all of this data , sign up for a free 14 - day trial for ETFdb Pro . To view information on how the ETFdb Realtime Ratings work , click here Compare to another ETF View the Category Report PPLT Overall Realtime Rating : A+ Overall Rated ETF : Metric Metric Realtime Rating A+ Metric Rated ETF Liquidity B+ n / a Expenses B+ n / a Performance Volatility Dividend Concentration PPLT In - Depth Analysis The following tables and charts contain in - depth metrics for this ETF and compare it to similar peer ETFs within its ETFdb . com Category . PPLT Holdings Filings Data as of : Apr 15 , 2019 All 1 Holdings Holding Weighting Platinum 100.00 % Export All Holdings to CSV with ETFdb . com Pro Concentration Analysis This section compares how balanced and deep this ETF is relative to the peer group ETFdb . com Category . Number of Holdings Rank : 14 of 24 1 Category Low GLD ( 1 ) Category High GLDW ( 8 ) % Assets in Top 10 Rank : 13 of 24 100.00 % Category Low GLD ( 100.00 % ) Category High PALL ( 100.00 % ) PPLT Expenses & Fees This section compares the cost efficiency of this ETF to peers in the same ETFdb . com Category . Expenses Ratio Analysis ETF Average 0.546 % ETF Wtd . Average 0.21 % Category Average 0.45 % Expense Ratio 17 of 24 0.60 % SGOL ( 0.17 % ) DGL ( 0.75 % ) Commission Free Trading This ETF is currently available for commission free trading on the following platforms : ( Charles Schwab Category Commission Free Trading There are 3 other ETFs in the Precious Metals ETFdb . com Category that are also eligible for commission free trading : Ticker Brokerages FIDU Fidelity RGI Charles Schwab VIS Vanguard PPLT ESG Themes and Scores PPLT does not have an ESG score . There are no ESG themes that map to this ETF . PPLT Performance This section shows how this ETF has performed relative to its peer group ETFdb . com Category . 1 Week Return 23 of 24 - 2.46 % PGM ( - 2.49 % ) GLDI ( - 0.37 % ) 4 Week Return 3 of 24 6.06 % PALL ( - 14.62 % ) PLTM ( 6.50 % ) 13 Week Return 3 of 24 10.29 % DBS ( - 4.86 % ) PLTM ( 10.94 % ) 26 Week Return 12 of 22 4.85 % USV ( - 0.13 % ) ( 24.30 % ) Year to Date Return 2 of 24 11.39 % DBS ( - 3.66 % ) ( 11.94 % ) 1 Year Return 12 of 19 - 5.34 % ( - 11.72 % ) ( 36.58 % ) 3 Year Return 13 of 16 - 12.04 % SLVO ( - 15.18 % ) ( 137.49 % ) 5 Year Return 15 of 15 - 41.33 % PPLT ( - 41.33 % ) ( 62.09 % ) PPLT Fund Flows This section compares the fund flows of this ETF to peers in the same ETFdb . com Category . 1 Week Fund Flow 7 of 8 โ $ 4.3 M ( โ $ 110.5 M ) IAU ( $ 36.2 M ) 4 Week Fund Flow 14 of 16 โ $ 24.9 M ( โ $ 876.0 M ) IAU ( $ 81.9 M ) 13 Week Fund Flow 4 of 18 $ 32.4 M ( โ $ 1,662.7 M ) ( $ 713.2 M ) 26 Week Fund Flow 7 of 21 $ 47.0 M SLV ( โ $ 330.0 M ) ( $ 1,428.5 M ) Year to Date Fund Flow 4 of 18 $ 32.4 M ( โ $ 1,237.7 M ) ( $ 958.1 M ) 1 Year Fund Flow 5 of 23 $ 107.6 M ( โ $ 4,298.4 M ) SIVR ( $ 1,837.8 M ) 3 Year Fund Flow 5 of 23 $ 187.3 M ( โ $ 1,276.3 M ) ( $ 4,987.5 M ) 5 Year Fund Flow 6 of 23 $ 165.7 M ( โ $ 582.2 M ) ( $ 5,967.4 M ) Charts The following charts can be customized to display historical performance in a number of different formats , including line charts , bar charts , and candlesticks . Time periods can be adjusted to increase or decrease the period shown , ranging from five minutes to several months . The following chart also includes the option to compare the performance of PPLT relative to other ETFs and benchmarks or to include indicators such as Bollinger Bands , relative strength , and moving averages . ยฉ 2019 Barchart . com , Inc . Quote data provided and hosted by Barchart Market Data Solutions . Information is provided ' as - is ' and solely for informational purposes , not for trading purposes or advice , and is delayed . To see all exchange delays and terms of use please see disclaimer PPLT Valuation This section shows how the P / E multiple of this ETF compares to the peer group ETFdb . com Category . P / E Ratio N / A No Ranking Available N / A PPLT Dividend This section shows how the dividend yield of this ETF compares to the peer group ETFdb . com Category . n / a Dividend Date n / a Annual Dividend Rate Annual Dividend Yield No Ranking Available IAUF ( 0.76 % ) SLVO ( 3.25 % ) PPLT Technicals Volatility Analysis This section shows how the volatility of this ETF compares to the peer group ETFdb . com Category . 5 Day Volatility 1 of 24 100.41 % GLDW ( 3.32 % ) PPLT ( 100.41 % ) 20 Day Volatility 3 of 24 22.20 % ( 6.93 % ) ( 42.79 % ) 50 Day Volatility 2 of 24 21.64 % ( 8.15 % ) ( 33.26 % ) 200 Day Volatility 3 of 22 19.33 % ( 7.24 % ) ( 30.78 % ) Beta 2 of 24 0.29 IAUF ( - 1.07 ) ( 0.8 ) Standard Deviation 5 of 19 3.95 % GLDI ( 0.31 % ) ( 19.50 % ) Technicals 20 Day MA : $ 82.43 60 Day MA : $ 79.34 MACD 15 Period : 0.96 MACD 100 Period : 5.60 Williams % Range 10 Day : 41.22 Williams % Range 20 Day : 34.79 RSI 10 Day : 56 RSI 20 Day : 58 RSI 30 Day : 57 Ultimate Oscillator : 42 Bollinger Brands Lower Bollinger ( 10 Day ) : $ 80.96 Upper Bollinger ( 10 Day ) : $ 87.29 Lower Bollinger ( 20 Day ) : $ 78.40 Upper Bollinger ( 20 Day ) : $ 86.58 Lower Bollinger ( 30 Day ) : $ 75.98 Upper Bollinger ( 30 Day ) : $ 86.30 Support & Resistance Support Level 1 : $ 83.18 Support Level 2 : $ 82.55 Resistance Level 1 : $ 84.34 Resistance Level 2 : $ 84.87 Stochastic Stochastic Oscillator % D ( 1 Day ) : 40.09 Stochastic Oscillator % D ( 5 Day ) : 34.70 Stochastic Oscillator % K ( 1 Day ) : 38.46 Stochastic Oscillator % K ( 5 Day ) : 48.56 Fact Sheet Fact sheets are issued by the ETF provider and framed by ETFdb . com . Information contained within the fact sheet is not guaranteed to be timely or accurate . Download the fact sheet PDF Read Next Latest PPLT News News Trending : Investors Switch to Platinum as Market Imbalances Set to Correct Iuri Struta Apr 11 , 2019 Platinum prices surged to 10 - month highs after investors turned their attention to the precious . . . PRO News Best & Worst Monthly Performers : August 29 Edition Sneha Shah Aug 29 , 2018 Here is a look at the 25 best and 25 worst ETFs from the past month . Traders can use this list to . . . This Week ' s ETF Launches : ETFs for Electric KARZ and HONRing Our Veterans David Dierking Jan 31 , 2018 A lot of investors want to get in on the next - generation technology revolution , and ETF issuers . . . Other ETFs in the ETFdb . com Category IAU iShares Gold Trust GLD SPDR Gold Trust SLV iShares Silver Trust GLDM SPDR Gold MiniShares Trust BAR GraniteShares Gold Trust SIVR Aberdeen Standard Physical Silver Shares ETF SGOL Aberdeen Standard Physical Swiss Gold Shares ETF View More Precious Metals ETFs Popular Topics Commodities What Can 1 Ounce Of Gold Buy ? OIL What You Can Buy With America โ s Daily Oil Consumption UNG Understanding Contango : Natural Gas Example View More ETFs SPY Visual History Of The S&P 500 QQQ Stocks Kicked Out Of The NASDAQ - 100 ( QQQ ) Since 1995 DIA The Original Businesses of Dow Components View More Dividends BRKA The Unofficial History of Warren Buffett AAPL What Can You Buy With Apple ' s Cash ? MSFT 10 Hilariously Wrong Bull and Bear Calls Trading DJIA Dow Jones Stocks : The Questions We Really Want Answered EMA Moving Average Trading Strategies : Do They Work ? S&P 500 Illustrated History of Every S&P 500 Bear Market Source : LSEG Information Services ( US ) , Inc . ( โ LSEG โ ) ยฉ LSEG 2016 . All rights in the XTF data , ratings and / or underlying data contained in this communication ( โ the XTF information โ ) vest in LSEG and / or its licensors . Neither LSEG nor its licensors accept any liability arising out of the use of , reliance on or any errors or omissions in the XTF information . No further distribution of the XTF information is permitted without LSEG โ s express written consent . LSEG does not Copyright MSCI ESG Research LLC [ 2018 ] . All Rights Reserved . MSCI ESG Research LLC โ s ( โ MSCI ESG โ ) Fund Metrics products ( the โ Information โ ) provide environmental , social and governance data with respect to underlying securities within more than 23,000 multi - asset class Mutual Funds and ETFs globally . MSCI ESG is a Registered Investment Adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 . MSCI ESG materials have not been submitted , to nor received approval from , the US SEC or any other regulatory body . None of https : / / www . msci . com / esg - fund - metrics ยฉ 2019 Market data provided is at least 15 - minutes delayed and hosted by Barchart Solutions . Information is provided ' as is ' and solely for informational purposes , not for trading purposes or advice , and is delayed . To see all exchange delays and terms of use , please see disclaimer | [
"Aberdeen Standard Platinum",
"ETF"
] |
http://etfdb.com/etf/THD/ | THD iShares MSCI Thailand ETF ETF THD $ 89.97 Change : $ 0.3 ( 0.0 % ) Time : 04 / 10 / 19 Previous Close : $ 89.67 Category Asia Pacific Equities ESG Score Profile ETFdb Realtime Rating ETFdb Analyst Report Holdings Expenses & Fees ESG Performance Fund Flows Charts Valuation Dividend Technicals Fact Sheet Read Next Issuers iShares iShares MSCI Thailand ETF Last Updated : Apr 10 , 2019 Profile Vitals Issuer : iShares Structure : ETF Expense Ratio : 0.59 % ETF Home Page : Home page Inception : Mar 26 , 2008 Tax Form : 1099 Tracks This Index : MSCI Thailand Investable Market Index Trading Data Open : Volume Day Lo Day Hi 52 Week Lo : $ 80.52 52 Week Hi : $ 98.39 AUM : $ 436.0 M Shares : 4.9 M Investment Themes ETFdb . com Category : Asia Pacific Equities Asset Class : Equity Asset Class Size : Large - Cap Asset Class Style : Blend Region ( General ) : Emerging Asia Pacific Region ( Specific ) : Thailand Historical Trading Data 1 Month Avg . Volume : 222,679 3 Month Avg . Volume : 253,930 Alternative ETFs in the Asia Pacific Equities Category Type Ticker Expense Ratio Assets Avg . Daily Vol YTD Return Cheapest VPL 0.09 % $ 4,079.2 M 424,489 10.19 % Largest ( AUM ) EEMV 0.25 % $ 5,803.5 M 834,103 7.34 % Most Liquid ( Volume ) EWH 0.48 % $ 2,954.8 M 4,813,089 19.05 % Top YTD Performer EMQQ 0.86 % $ 425.3 M 88,663 28.87 % Analyst Report THD offers exposure to Thai equities specifically focusing on companies that are based in the nation . For investors seeking investment in the nation , THD is one of the only choices available as most ETFs only offer small allocations to the emerging country . THD is a nice option for investors who want to load up on Thai but be aware the fund could experience high levels of volatility . Realtime Rating Sign Up for Pro to Unlock Data Sign Up Realtime Rating Summary The adjacent table gives investors an individual Realtime Rating for THD on several different metrics , including liquidity , expenses , performance , volatility , dividend , concentration of holdings in addition to an overall rating . The " A+ Metric Rated ETF " field , available to ETFdb Pro members , shows the ETF in the Asia Pacific Equities with the highest Metric Realtime Rating for each individual field . To view all of this data , sign up for a free 14 - day trial for ETFdb Pro . To view information on how the ETFdb Realtime Ratings work , click here Compare to another ETF View the Category Report THD Overall Realtime Rating : A+ Overall Rated ETF : Metric Metric Realtime Rating A+ Metric Rated ETF Liquidity A - n / a Expenses B n / a Performance Volatility Dividend Concentration THD In - Depth Analysis The following tables and charts contain in - depth metrics for this ETF and compare it to similar peer ETFs within its ETFdb . com Category . THD Holdings Filings Data as of : Apr 10 , 2019 All 121 Holdings Holding Weighting PTT PCL ( PTT - R : SET ) 10.63 % CP All PCL ( CPALL - R : SET ) 8.05 % Airports of Thailand PCL ( AOT - R : SET ) 6.14 % Kasikornbank PCL ( KBANK - F : SET ) 4.81 % Siam Commercial Bank PCL ( SCB - R : SET ) 4.39 % Advanced Info Service PCL ( ADVANC - R : SET ) 4.20 % PTT Exploration and Production PCL ( PTTEP - R : SET ) 3.90 % Siam Cement PCL ( SCC - R : SET ) 3.69 % PTT Global Chemical PCL ( PTTGC - R : SET ) 3.29 % Kasikornbank PCL ( KBANK - R : SET ) 2.57 % Central Pattana PCL ( CPN - R : SET ) 2.13 % Bangkok Dusit Medical Services PCL ( BDMS - R : SET ) 2.05 % Charoen Pokphand Foods PCL ( CPF - R : SET ) 1.76 % Minor International PCL ( MINT - R : SET ) 1.72 % Indorama Ventures PCL ( IVL - R : SET ) 1.69 % Export All Holdings to CSV with ETFdb . com Pro Concentration Analysis This section compares how balanced and deep this ETF is relative to the peer group ETFdb . com Category . Number of Holdings Rank : 23 of 63 121 Category Low HAUD ( 2 ) Category High VPL ( 1050 ) % Assets in Top 10 Rank : 41 of 63 51.66 % Category Low UEVM ( 10.00 % ) Category High HAUD ( 100.00 % ) % Assets in Top 15 25 of 63 61.01 % UEVM ( 13.69 % ) ( 100.00 % ) % Assets in Top 50 31 of 63 89.75 % VPL ( 33.92 % ) ADRE ( 100.75 % ) Asset Allocation Asset Percentage Common equity 98.9 % ETF Cash Component 1.1 % Sector Breakdown Sector Percentage Energy 20.2 % Financials 18.26 % Consumer , Non - Cyclical 12.61 % Industrials 10.92 % Basic Materials 9.3 % Communications 6.91 % Real Estate 6.07 % Consumer , Cyclical 5.19 % Healthcare 4.54 % Utilities 3.11 % Technology 1.26 % ETF Cash Component 1.1 % Other 0.54 % Market Cap Breakdown Market Cap Large cap 79.2 % Mid cap 12.66 % Small cap 6.78 % Micro cap 0.26 % Region Breakdown Region Asia 95.78 % Africa 1.68 % North America 1.4 % Europe 0.99 % Asia - Pacific 0.14 % Market Tier Breakdown Region Emerging Markets 95.78 % Frontier Markets 1.68 % United States 1.4 % Developed Markets ( ex - US ) 1.13 % Country Breakdown Country Thailand 95.67 % Mauritius United States France 0.99 % Japan 0.14 % India 0.12 % THD Expenses & Fees This section compares the cost efficiency of this ETF to peers in the same ETFdb . com Category . Expenses Ratio Analysis ETF Average 0.546 % ETF Wtd . Average 0.21 % Category Average 0.53 % Expense Ratio 34 of 63 0.59 % ( 0.09 % ) INDY ( 0.92 % ) Commission Free Trading This ETF is not currently available for commission free trading on any platforms . Category Commission Free Trading There are 24 other ETFs in the Asia Pacific Equities ETFdb . com Category that are also eligible for commission free trading : Ticker Brokerages DBEM E * TRADE DEM E * TRADE DGS DVYE Fidelity EDIV Charles Schwab EDOG Charles Schwab EEB EMCG EMFM Interactive Brokers EWEM EWX TD Ameritrade EYLD Interactive Brokers FM Fidelity FNDE FRN GREK GULF IEMG PIE RSX TD Ameritrade SCHE SDEM VWO Vanguard Firstrade XSOE THD ESG Themes and Scores 5.69 / 10 ESG Score 55.85 % ESG Score Global Percentile ( % ) 95.9 % ESG Score Peer Percentile ( % ) ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE Environmental Scores Carbon Intensity Fossil Fuel Reserves Water Stress Energy Efficiency Alternative Energy Green Building Pollution Prevention Water Sustainability SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE Social Scores Affordable Real Estate Education Major Disease Treatment Healthy Nutrition Global Sanitation SME Finance Human Rights Violations Labor Rights Violations Customer Controversies UN Principles Violations Catholic Values Sharia Compliant Investing Adult Entertainment Alcohol Gambling Nuclear Power Tobacco Weapons Involvement Firearms Predatory Lending GMO Involvement RESPONSIBLE GOVERNANCE Responsible Governance Score Board Flag Board Independence Board Diversity Entrenched Board Overboarding Shareholder Rights Fund Ownership Poison Pill Executive Compensation Accounting Flags THD Performance This section shows how this ETF has performed relative to its peer group ETFdb . com Category . 1 Week Return 20 of 62 0.85 % PAK ( - 4.50 % ) ADRA ( 2.93 % ) 4 Week Return 55 of 62 1.19 % PAK ( - 8.30 % ) EWS ( 6.06 % ) 13 Week Return 52 of 62 4.28 % ( - 5.17 % ) ECNS ( 19.75 % ) 26 Week Return 56 of 62 1.71 % ( - 7.41 % ) EIDO ( 25.50 % ) Year to Date Return 40 of 61 8.65 % INCO ( - 4.10 % ) EMQQ ( 28.87 % ) 1 Year Return 41 of 58 - 6.36 % ( - 36.09 % ) ( 10.66 % ) 3 Year Return 6 of 49 48.57 % ( - 31.89 % ) AIA ( 60.90 % ) 5 Year Return 11 of 43 38.08 % EWM ( - 21.69 % ) SMIN ( 76.51 % ) THD Fund Flows This section compares the fund flows of this ETF to peers in the same ETFdb . com Category . 1 Week Fund Flow N / A No Ranking Available EWH ( โ $ 146.2 M ) EEMV ( $ 35.7 M ) 4 Week Fund Flow 25 of 28 โ $ 26.6 M EWH ( โ $ 285.2 M ) EEMV ( $ 95.3 M ) 13 Week Fund Flow 43 of 46 โ $ 63.4 M EWT ( โ $ 241.6 M ) JHEM ( $ 475.4 M ) 26 Week Fund Flow 49 of 53 โ $ 37.4 M EWT ( โ $ 251.0 M ) EWY ( $ 1,330.2 M ) Year to Date Fund Flow 46 of 49 โ $ 80.5 M ( โ $ 251.0 M ) EWY ( $ 534.9 M ) 1 Year Fund Flow 44 of 59 โ $ 30.9 M INDA ( โ $ 387.1 M ) ( $ 1,359.6 M ) 3 Year Fund Flow 36 of 62 $ 4.6 M EPI ( โ $ 588.1 M ) ( $ 1,877.7 M ) 5 Year Fund Flow 58 of 62 โ $ 202.7 M EPP ( โ $ 329.0 M ) INDA ( $ 3,572.2 M ) Charts The following charts can be customized to display historical performance in a number of different formats , including line charts , bar charts , and candlesticks . Time periods can be adjusted to increase or decrease the period shown , ranging from five minutes to several months . The following chart also includes the option to compare the performance of THD relative to other ETFs and benchmarks or to include indicators such as Bollinger Bands , relative strength , and moving averages . THD Valuation This section shows how the P / E multiple of this ETF compares to the peer group ETFdb . com Category . P / E Ratio 39 of 61 14.63 ( 7.54 ) INCO ( 35.27 ) THD Dividend This section shows how the dividend yield of this ETF compares to the peer group ETFdb . com Category . $ 0.61 Dividend Date 2018 - 12 - 18 Annual Dividend Rate $ 2.13 Annual Dividend Yield 26 of 60 2.39 % SCIF ( 0.11 % ) DVYA ( 5.97 % ) THD Technicals Volatility Analysis This section shows how the volatility of this ETF compares to the peer group ETFdb . com Category . 5 Day Volatility 30 of 62 116.05 % FLTW ( 4.10 % ) EMQQ ( 238.10 % ) 20 Day Volatility 60 of 62 9.50 % ( 7.20 % ) FKO ( 26.37 % ) 50 Day Volatility 39 of 62 12.52 % ( 8.52 % ) FHK ( 29.28 % ) 200 Day Volatility 48 of 62 15.35 % ( 11.64 % ) NFTY ( 28.37 % ) Beta 51 of 62 0.66 FLIN ( 0.31 ) JHEM ( 1.43 ) Standard Deviation 9 of 56 3.78 % ASEA ( 0.68 % ) SCIF ( 6.27 % ) Technicals 20 Day MA : $ 88.70 60 Day MA : $ 89.11 MACD 15 Period : 1.18 MACD 100 Period : 2.54 Williams % Range 10 Day : 7.02 Williams % Range 20 Day : 6.78 RSI 10 Day : 64 RSI 20 Day : 56 RSI 30 Day : 54 Ultimate Oscillator : 54 Bollinger Brands Lower Bollinger ( 10 Day ) : $ 87.70 Upper Bollinger ( 10 Day ) : $ 90.19 Lower Bollinger ( 20 Day ) : $ 87.49 Upper Bollinger ( 20 Day ) : $ 89.87 Lower Bollinger ( 30 Day ) : $ 87.19 Upper Bollinger ( 30 Day ) : $ 89.85 Support & Resistance Support Level 1 : $ 89.77 Support Level 2 : $ 89.56 Resistance Level 1 : $ 90.17 Resistance Level 2 : $ 90.37 Stochastic Stochastic Oscillator % D ( 1 Day ) : 55.81 Stochastic Oscillator % D ( 5 Day ) : 70.14 Stochastic Oscillator % K ( 1 Day ) : 54.48 Stochastic Oscillator % K ( 5 Day ) : 61.54 Fact Sheet Fact sheets are issued by the ETF provider and framed by ETFdb . com . Information contained within the fact sheet is not guaranteed to be timely or accurate . Download the fact sheet PDF Read Next Latest THD News News Trending on ETFdb . com : Samsung Electronics Hurt by Galaxy Note 7 Recall Crisis Iuri Struta Oct 20 , 2016 ETFdb . com analyzes the search patterns of our visitors each week . By sharing these trends with . . . PRO News Best & Worst Weekly Performers : October 15 Edition Ani Gupte Oct 15 , 2016 Here is a look at the 25 best and 25 worst ETFs from the past trading week . Traders can use this . . . The Best and Worst Performing Country ETFs of 2014 Jared Cummans Dec 24 , 2014 2014 was characterized by another year of strong performance in the U.S. , as the bull market that . . . Other ETFs in the ETFdb . com Category EWH iShares MSCI Hong Kong ETF INDA iShares MSCI India ETF EWT iShares MSCI Taiwan ETF EWY iShares MSCI South Korea ETF EWA iShares MSCI - Australia ETF EPI WisdomTree India Earnings Fund AAXJ iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex - Japan ETF View More Asia Pacific Equities ETFs Popular Topics Commodities GLD What Can 1 Ounce Of Gold Buy ? OIL What You Can Buy With America โ s Daily Oil Consumption UNG Understanding Contango : Natural Gas Example View More ETFs SPY Visual History Of The S&P 500 QQQ Stocks Kicked Out Of The NASDAQ - 100 ( QQQ ) Since 1995 DIA The Original Businesses of Dow Components View More Dividends BRKA The Unofficial History of Warren Buffett AAPL What Can You Buy With Apple ' s Cash ? MSFT 10 Hilariously Wrong Bull and Bear Calls Trading DJIA Dow Jones Stocks : The Questions We Really Want Answered EMA Moving Average Trading Strategies : Do They Work ? S&P 500 Illustrated History of Every S&P 500 Bear Market Source : LSEG Information Services ( US ) , Inc . ( โ LSEG โ ) ยฉ LSEG 2016 . All rights in the XTF data , ratings and / or underlying data contained in this communication ( โ the XTF information โ ) vest in LSEG and / or its licensors . Neither LSEG nor its licensors accept any liability arising out of the use of , reliance on or any errors or omissions in the XTF information . No further distribution of the XTF information is permitted without LSEG โ s express written consent . LSEG does not Copyright MSCI ESG Research LLC [ 2018 ] . All Rights Reserved . MSCI ESG Research LLC โ s ( โ MSCI ESG โ ) Fund Metrics products ( the โ Information โ ) provide environmental , social and governance data with respect to underlying securities within more than 23,000 multi - asset class Mutual Funds and ETFs globally . MSCI ESG is a Registered Investment Adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 . MSCI ESG materials have not been submitted , to nor received approval from , the US SEC or any other regulatory body . None of https : / / www . msci . com / esg - fund - metrics ยฉ 2019 Market data provided is at least 15 - minutes delayed and hosted by Barchart Solutions . Information is provided ' as is ' and solely for informational purposes , not for trading purposes or advice , and is delayed . To see all exchange delays and terms of use , please see disclaimer | [
"iShares MSCI Thailand",
"ETFdb"
] |
http://etfdb.com/index/barclays-capital-us-1-2-year-government-bond-index/ | ETFdbcom Indexes Barclays Capital US 12 Year Government Bond Index ETF Tracker Barclays Capital US 12 Year Government Bond Index ETF Tracker The index is considered representative of the US Treasury and US government agency issues with maturities of one to two years ETFs Tracking Other Mutual Funds Mutual Fund to ETF Converter Tool Were sorry there are no active ETFs associated with this index Sort By Lowest Expense Ratio Symbol ETF Name Asset Class Total Assets YTD Avg Volume Previous Closing Price 1Day Change Overall Rating SHY iShares 13 Year Treasury Bond ETF Bond 20263474 13 34328670 8346 008 SHV iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF Bond 19865891 17 22546310 11025 001 IEF iShares 710 Year Treasury Bond ETF Bond 10314272 03 43320230 10348 025 TLT iShares 20 Year Treasury Bond ETF Bond 8280111 18 96359920 12132 050 IEI iShares 37 Year Treasury Bond ETF Bond 8008715 09 6967910 12081 022 BIL SPDR Barclays 13 Month TBill ETF Bond 7942448 17 20906060 9142 001 GOVT iShares US Treasury Bond ETF Bond 6876493 05 17284080 2471 016 VGSH Vanguard ShortTerm Treasury ETF Bond 5232690 11 10213580 5997 010 SCHO Schwab ShortTerm US Treasury ETF Bond 4126385 11 8807130 4977 006 VGIT Vanguard IntermediateTerm Treasury ETF Bond 3444677 06 4156810 6311 008 Click Here to Join to ETFdb Pro for 14 Days Free Export This Data So Much More | [
"Barclays Capital",
"Government Bond",
"ETF Tracker"
] |
http://etfdb.com/index/dow-jones-us-total-stock-market-index/ | ETFdbcom Indexes Dow Jones US Total Stock Market Index ETF Tracker Dow Jones US Total Stock Market Index ETF Tracker The Dow Jones US Total Stock Market Index is a floatadjusted market capitalization weighted index that reflects shares of securities actually available to investors in the marketplace To be included in the Index an issue generally must be all of the following i an equity issue common stock REIT or limited partnership ii a security that has its primary market listing in the US and iii a US headquartered company ETFs Tracking Other Mutual Funds Mutual Fund to ETF Converter Tool Were sorry there are no active ETFs associated with this index Sort By Lowest Expense Ratio Overview Returns Fund Flows Expenses Dividends Holdings Taxes Technicals Analysis Realtime Ratings ETFs Tracking Other All Cap Equities ETFdb staff has allocated each ETF in the ETF database as well as each index to a single bestfit ETFdbcom Category Other ETFs in the All Cap Equities ETFdbcom Category are presented in the following table Assets in thousands of US Dollars Symbol ETF Name Asset Class Total Assets YTD Avg Volume Previous Closing Price 1Day Change Overall Rating TILT FlexShares Morningstar US Market Factor Tilt Index Fund Equity 1267301 17 561540 10186 346 PDP Invesco DWA Momentum ETF Equity 1220483 05 2171630 4823 288 ARKK ARK Innovation ETF Equity 1135752 33 3834030 3843 619 CFO VictoryShares US 500 Enhanced Volatility Weighted ETF Equity 903613 01 1593860 4395 069 PEY Invesco High Yield Equity Dividend Achievers ETF Equity 678112 17 2104840 1611 229 CFA VictoryShares US 500 Volatility Weighted Index ETF Equity 606562 11 1121000 4446 332 VUSE Vident Core US Equity ETF Equity 464900 20 584590 2847 334 ONEO SPDR Russell 1000 Momentum Focus ETF Equity 415606 09 397950 6332 278 ARKW ARK Web x0 ETF Equity 397796 25 1700220 4346 629 EQAL Invesco Russell 1000 Equal Weight ETF Equity 359744 20 1818210 2847 353 Click Here to Join to ETFdb Pro for 14 Days Free Export This Data So Much More | [
"ETF Tracker",
"Stock Market",
"Dow Jones"
] |
http://etfdb.com/index/industrial-select-sector-index/ | ETFdbcom Indexes Industrial Select Sector Index ETF Tracker Share Industrial Select Sector Index ETF Tracker The Industrial Select Sector Index includes companies from the following industries industrial conglomerates aerospace defense machinery air freight logistics road rail commercial services supplies electrical equipment construction engineering building products airlines and trading companies distributors As of 01022019 ETFs Tracking Other Mutual Funds Mutual Fund to ETF Converter Tool Overview Returns Fund Flows Expenses Dividends Holdings Taxes Technicals Analysis Realtime Ratings ETFs Tracking The Industrial Select Sector Index ETF List ETFs tracking the Industrial Select Sector Index are presented in the following table Symbol ETF Name Asset Class Total Assets YTD Avg Volume Previous Closing Price 1Day Change Overall Rating XLI Industrial Select Sector SPDR Fund Equity 9732803 05 183662080 6474 051 Sort By Lowest Expense Ratio Symbol ETF Name Asset Class Total Assets YTD Avg Volume Previous Closing Price 1Day Change Overall Rating XLI Industrial Select Sector SPDR Fund Equity 9732803 05 183662080 6474 051 ITA iShares US Aerospace Defense ETF Equity 4481539 04 3885380 17355 040 VIS Vanguard Industrial ETF Equity 3005907 04 2205490 12091 042 XAR SPDR SP Aerospace Defense ETF Equity 1137975 05 2374000 7930 048 IYJ iShares US Industrials ETF Equity 837536 02 1232210 12883 023 PPA Invesco Aerospace Defense ETF Equity 774644 01 1091460 4948 006 FIDU Fidelity MSCI Industrials Index ETF Equity 353394 02 1425370 3282 018 FXR First Trust IndustrialsProducer Durables AlphaDEX Fund Equity 348915 03 10107160 3420 032 EXI iShares SP Global Industrials ETF Equity 187025 00 310290 7793 001 RGI Invesco SP 500 Equal Weight Industrials ETF Equity 160987 03 283890 10360 030 Click Here to Join to ETFdb Pro for 14 Days Free Export This Data So Much More | [
"ETF Tracker",
"industrial conglomerates",
"Mutual Funds"
] |
http://etfdb.com/stock/CAT/ | Stocks ETFs with Caterpillar Inc CAT Exposure ETFs with Caterpillar Inc CAT Exposure The following ETFs maintain exposure to Caterpillar Inc CAT ETF holdings data are updated once a day and are subject to change To see a complete breakdown of any of the ETFs included in the table below including sector market cap and country allocations click on the ticker symbol 14 ETFs have Caterpillar Inc within its Top 15 holdings as displayed below Unlock all 201 ETFs with exposure to Caterpillar Inc CAT Signup For Free Ticker ETF ETFdbcom Category Expense Ratio Weighting XLI Industrial Select Sector SPDR Fund Industrials Equities 013 386 DIA SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Large Cap Growth Equities 017 371 EDOW First Trust Dow 30 Equal Weight ETF Large Cap Growth Equities 050 346 DJD Invesco Dow Jones Industrial Average Dividend ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 007 324 FIDU Fidelity MSCI Industrials Index ETF Industrials Equities 008 308 VIS Vanguard Industrial ETF Industrials Equities 010 298 PXR Invesco Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF Emerging Markets Equities 075 280 IYJ iShares US Industrials ETF Industrials Equities 043 253 SHE SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF Large Cap Growth Equities 020 230 EXI iShares SP Global Industrials ETF Industrials Equities 047 199 JHMI John Hancock MultiFactor Industrials ETF Industrials Equities 050 142 SPHB Invesco SP 500 High Beta ETF Large Cap Growth Equities 025 124 DQML Reality Shares Fundstrat DQM Long ETF Large Cap Growth Equities 069 108 FWDD AdvisorShares Madrona Domestic ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 125 075 Share | [
"ETFs",
"Caterpillar Inc"
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http://etfdb.com/stock/VZ/ | Stocks ETFs with Verizon Communications Inc VZ Exposure Share ETFs with Verizon Communications Inc VZ Exposure The following ETFs maintain exposure to Verizon Communications Inc VZ ETF holdings data are updated once a day and are subject to change To see a complete breakdown of any of the ETFs included in the table below including sector market cap and country allocations click on the ticker symbol 142 ETFs have Verizon Communications Inc within its Top 15 holdings as displayed below Unlock all 274 ETFs with exposure to Verizon Communications Inc VZ Ticker ETF ETFdbcom Category Expense Ratio Weighting WBIF WBI BullBear Value 1000 ETF Communications Equities 105 10000 IYZ iShares US Telecommunications ETF Communications Equities 043 1637 VOX Vanguard Communication Services ETF Large Cap Growth Equities 010 994 FCOM Fidelity MSCI Communication Services Index ETF Large Cap Growth Equities 008 991 HDV iShares Core High Dividend ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 008 774 DJD Invesco Dow Jones Industrial Average Dividend ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 007 681 FDL First Trust Morningstar Dividend Leaders Large Cap Blend Equities 045 674 IXP iShares Global Telecom ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 047 661 FXU First Trust Utilities AlphaDEX Fund Utilities Equities 063 607 DURA VanEck Vectors Morningstar Durable Dividend ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 029 562 RDIV Oppenheimer Ultra Dividend Revenue ETF Large Cap Value Equities 039 541 FPX First Trust US IPO Index Fund Large Cap Growth Equities 059 541 NFRA FlexShares STOXX Global Broad Infrastructure Index Fund Large Cap Blend Equities 047 505 DGRW WisdomTree US Dividend Growth Fund Large Cap Growth Equities 028 493 EWCO Invesco SP 500 Equal Weight Communication Services ETF Large Cap Growth Equities 040 480 SCHD Schwab US Dividend Equity ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 007 471 XLC Communication Services Select Sector SPDR Fund Large Cap Growth Equities 013 468 DBLV AdvisorShares DoubleLine Value Equity ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 090 411 DHS WisdomTree US High Dividend Fund Large Cap Blend Equities 038 408 FDVV Fidelity High Dividend ETF Large Cap Value Equities 029 394 JKF iShares Morningstar LargeCap Value ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 025 389 AMCA iShares Russell 1000 Pure US Revenue ETF Large Cap Blend Equities 015 374 PWC Invesco Dynamic Market ETF All Cap Equities 060 361 USMC Principal US MegaCap MultiFactor Index ETF Large Cap Growth Equities 012 360 PWV Invesco Dynamic Large Cap Value ETF Large Cap Value Equities 056 356 First Prev 1 2 3 4 5 Last Share | [
"ETFs",
"VZ"
] |
http://etfdb.com/type/investment-style/currency-hedged/ | Currency - hedged ETF List Currency - hedged ETFs provide exposure to certain countries while hedging against adverse currency movements . Click on the tabs below to see more information on Currency - hedged ETFs , including historical performance , dividends , holdings , expense ratios , technical indicators , analysts reports and more . Click on an ETF ticker or name to go to its detail page , for in - depth news , financial data and graphs . By default the list is ordered by descending total market capitalization . Note that the table below may include leveraged and inverse ETFs . Exclude Leveraged and Inverse ETFs As of 04 / 15 / 2019 Sort By : Largest in Assets Highest YTD Returns Lowest Expense Ratio Overview Returns Fund Flows Expenses ESG Dividends Holdings Taxes Technicals Analysis Realtime Ratings Share ETF Overview This is a list of all Currency - hedged ETFs traded in the USA which are currently tagged by Database . Please note that the list may not contain newly issued ETFs . If you โ re looking for a more simplified way to browse and compare ETFs , you may want to visit our ETFdb . com Categories , which categorize every in a single โ best fit โ category . * Assets and Average Volume as of 2019 - 04 - 15 20 : 14 UTC Symbol ETF Name Asset Class Total Assets ( $ MM ) YTD Avg Volume Previous Closing Price 1 - Day Change Overall Rating HEDJ WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund Equity $ 3,854.37 17.29 % 501,292 $ 66.20 - 0.15 % DXJ WisdomTree Japan Hedged Equity Fund Equity $ 3,320.13 12.41 % 1,001,670 $ 52.13 - 0.10 % HEFA iShares Currency Hedged MSCI EAFE ETF $ 2,979.34 14.61 % 548,770 $ 29.58 0.00 % HEZU iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Eurozone ETF $ 1,071.77 17.15 % 480,351 $ 30.39 0.03 % DBEU Xtrackers MSCI Europe Hedged Equity Fund $ 835.51 15.89 % 344,933 $ 29.17 0.03 % HEWJ iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Japan ETF $ 576.88 11.61 % 640,135 $ 31.35 DBJP Xtrackers MSCI Japan Currency - Hedged Equity Fund $ 553.63 11.60 % 213,951 $ 40.51 - 0.02 % RFDI First Trust RiverFront Dynamic Developed International ETF $ 335.86 13.63 % 36,638 $ 58.09 0.10 % HFXI IQ 50 Percent Hedged FTSE International ETF $ 317.85 13.57 % 113,514 $ 20.47 0.20 % HDEF Xtrackers MSCI EAFE High Dividend Yield Hedged Equity ETF $ 254.49 14.43 % 48,490 $ 23.41 0.04 % DDWM WisdomTree Dynamic Currency Hedged International Equity Fund $ 232.86 13.31 % 50,308 $ 29.18 0.10 % HEWG iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Germany ETF $ 200.30 14.02 % 149,027 $ 27.08 0.04 % ASHX Xtrackers CSI 300 China A - Shares Hedged Equity ETF $ 146.33 32.74 % 35,390 $ 21.03 - 2.09 % EUSC WisdomTree Europe Hedged SmallCap Equity Fund $ 124.32 18.25 % 16,771 $ 31.24 0.48 % DBEM Xtrackers MSCI Emerging Markets Currency - Hedged Equity Fund $ 120.45 11.02 % 28,514 $ 23.19 - 0.81 % RFEM First Trust RiverFront Dynamic Emerging Markets ETF $ 118.87 14.57 % 9,594 $ 64.15 - 0.42 % DBAW Xtrackers MSCI All World ex US Hedged Equity Fund $ 102.66 14.61 % 14,983 $ 27.77 - 0.18 % DXJS WisdomTree Japan Hedged SmallCap Equity Fund $ 84.07 10.31 % 13,106 $ 40.65 0.67 % RFEU First Trust RiverFront Dynamic Europe ETF $ 66.75 15.81 % 6,635 $ 60.75 0.23 % DXGE WisdomTree Germany Hedged Equity Fund $ 54.04 13.78 % 9,213 $ 30.13 0.33 % HAWX iShares Currency Hedged MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF $ 47.41 14.20 % 14,894 $ 27.04 - 0.22 % LVHI Legg Mason International Low Volatility High Dividend ETF $ 47.17 10.95 % 4,862 $ 26.44 0.23 % HEWC iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Canada ETF $ 39.93 16.90 % 5,043 $ 26.64 0.34 % RFAP First Trust RiverFront Dynamic Asia Pacific ETF $ 38.59 9.09 % 7,107 $ 51.77 0.02 % DDLS WisdomTree Dynamic Currency Hedged International SmallCap Equity Fund $ 33.72 13.23 % 7,270 $ 31.06 0.36 % Click Here to Join to ETFdb Pro for 14 Days Free , Export This Data & So Much More ยซ First โน Prev 1 2 3 Next โบ Last ยป Currency - hedged Investment Style Power Rankings Investment style power rankings are rankings between Currency - hedged and all other U.S. - listed investment style ETFs on certain investment - related metrics , including 3 - month fund flows , 3 - month return , AUM , average ETF expenses and average dividend yields . The metric calculations are based on U.S. - listed ETFs that are classified by ETFdb . com as being mostly exposed to a specific investment style . If an ETF changes its investment style classification , it will also be reflected in the investment metric calculations . The calculations exclude inverse ETFs Fund Flow Leaderboard Return Leaderboard AUM Leaderboard Expense Leaderboard Dividend Leaderboard Share Fund Flow Leaderboard Currency - hedged and all other investment styles are ranked based on their aggregate 3 - month fund flows for all U.S. - listed ETFs that are classified by ETFdb . com as being mostly exposed to those respective investment styles . 3 - month fund flows is a metric that can be used to gauge the perceived popularity amongst investors of Currency - hedged relative to other investment styles . All values are in U.S. dollars . Investment Style Fund Flow Rank + / - 3 - Month Fund Flow ( $ MM ) # of ETFs Low Beta 1 583 Consistent Growth 2 295 Low Volatility 3 74 Dividend 4 188 Growth At A Reasonable Price 5 56 Aggressive Growth 6 30 Low P / E 7 67 Low Valuation 8 67 Wide Moat 9 4 Quant - based 10 49 BuyWrite 11 12 Volatility Hedged Equity 12 22 Contrarian 13 130 / 30 14 Guru Replication 15 High Momentum 16 43 Socially Responsible 17 349 Low Carbon 18 156 Currency - hedged 19 52 High Beta 20 106 See All Join ETFdb . com Pro and Export This Data for Free * Ranks are updated on a weekly basis . Last updated on Apr 15 , 2019 ETF Issuer League Tables - Currency - hedged Investment Style ETF issuers who have ETFs with exposure to Currency - hedged are ranked on certain investment - related metrics , including estimated revenue , 3 - month fund flows , 3 - month return , AUM , average ETF expenses and average dividend yields . The metric calculations are based on U.S. - listed Currency - hedged ETFs and every Currency - hedged ETF has one issuer . If an issuer changes its ETFs , it will also be reflected in the investment metric calculations . Revenue Fund Flow Return AUM Expense Dividend ETF Issuer Revenue League Table issuers are ranked based on their estimated revenue from their ETFs with exposure to Currency - hedged . Estimated revenue for an issuer is calculated by aggregating the estimated revenue of the respective issuer ETFs with exposure to Currency - hedged . To get the estimated issuer revenue from a single Currency - hedged , the AUM is multiplied by the ETF โ s expense ratio . All values are in U.S. dollars . Issuer Revenue Rank + / - Revenue ( $ MM ) # of ETFs CSOP Asset Management DWS 11 First Trust FlexShares Franklin Templeton Investments IndexIQ iShares 17 J.P. Morgan Legg Mason State Street SPDR WisdomTree 10 See All Join ETFdb . com ELITE and Export This Data * Ranks are updated on a weekly basis . Last updated on Apr 15 , 2019 | [
"ETF List",
"Currency-hedged ETFs"
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http://etfdb.com/type/sector/industrials/ | Pricing Free Sign Up Login PRO Database Screener ETF Tools News ETF Research Advisors AI ETFs Blockchain ETFs ESG Investing Marijuana ETFs ETFs Sector ETF List Discover Industrials Sector ETFs Discover Industrials Sector ETFs Sector Power Rankings Industrials 10 th 3Mo Fund Flow Fund Flow Leaderboard Top ETF Issuer 10 th Avg 3Mo Return Return Leaderboard Top ETF Issuer 7 th Aggregate AUM AUM Leaderboard Top ETF Issuer 9 th Avg Expense Ratio Expense Leaderboard Top ETF Issuer 7 th Avg Dividend Yield Dividend Leaderboard Top ETF Issuer Based on US listed equity ETFs in US dollars Share Industrials ETF List Industrials ETFs invest in stocks of companies involved in the industrials industry Industrial stocks include airlines aerospace companies shippers waste management firms and many more Click on the tabs below to see more information on Industrials ETFs including historical performance dividends holdings expense ratios technical indicators analysts reports and more Click on an ETF ticker or name to go to its detail page for indepth news financial data and graphs By default the list is ordered by descending total market capitalization Note that ETFs are usually tagged by ETFdb analysts as more than one type for example an inverse gold ETF may be tagged as inverse and as gold and as commodity Note that the table below may include leveraged and inverse ETFs Exclude Leveraged and Inverse ETFs As of 01042019 Sort By Largest in Assets Highest YTD Returns Lowest Expense Ratio Overview Returns Fund Flows Expenses ESG Dividends Holdings Taxes Technicals Analysis Realtime Ratings Share ETF Overview This is a list of all Industrials ETFs traded in the USA which are currently tagged by ETF Database Please note that the list may not contain newly issued ETFs If youre looking for a more simplified way to browse and compare ETFs you may want to visit our ETFdbcom Categories which categorize every ETF in a single best fit category Assets and Average Volume as of 20190104 2021 UTC Symbol ETF Name Industry Total Assets MM YTD Avg Volume Previous Closing Price 1Day Change Overall Rating XLI Industrial Select Sector SPDR Fund Broad Industrials 971089 115 18791620 6515 379 ITA iShares US Aerospace Defense ETF Aerospace Defense 444708 057 393716 17384 327 VIS Vanguard Industrial ETF Broad Industrials 302871 130 222635 12197 388 IEV iShares Europe ETF Airlines 191616 171 891492 3979 300 XAR SPDR SP Aerospace Defense ETF Aerospace Defense 113325 071 232868 7948 337 IYJ iShares US Industrials ETF Broad Industrials 84419 104 124927 12987 380 PPA Invesco Aerospace Defense ETF Aerospace Defense 77519 071 108524 4980 336 PHO Invesco Water Resources ETF Water 74917 039 54897 2832 272 IYT iShares Transportation Average ETF Transportation 58914 055 275394 16591 387 CGW Invesco SP Global Water Index ETF Water 50942 116 50360 3150 271 FIDU Fidelity MSCI Industrials Index ETF Broad Industrials 34843 128 146678 3318 372 FXR First Trust IndustrialsProducer Durables AlphaDEX Fund Broad Industrials 33866 135 1001238 3455 388 FIW First Trust ISE Water Index Fund Water 29279 087 41586 4429 319 EXI iShares SP Global Industrials ETF Broad Industrials 19266 157 31008 7914 384 RGI Invesco SP 500 Equal Weight Industrials ETF Broad Industrials 16264 149 27092 10482 382 PIO Invesco Global Water ETF Water 16107 160 13400 2345 303 XTN SPDR SP Transportation ETF Transportation 14638 137 37824 5417 371 AIRR First Trust RBA American Industrial Renaissance ETF Broad Industrials 11499 295 46987 2233 324 PAVE Global X US Infrastructure Development ETF Broad Industrials 11087 215 95287 1375 409 PSCI Invesco SP SmallCap Industrials ETF Broad Industrials 9384 178 14459 5666 364 PRN Invesco DWA Industrials Momentum ETF Broad Industrials 8688 024 6308 5107 336 JETS US Global Jets ETF Airlines 8525 039 37532 2799 432 RFEU First Trust RiverFront Dynamic Europe ETF Broad Industrials 6963 129 22617 5329 332 SEA Invesco Shipping ETF Shipping 4600 541 56210 866 472 DFEN Direxion Daily Aerospace Defense Bull 3X Shares Aerospace Defense 4204 111 78154 2999 1038 Click Here to Join to ETFdb Pro for 14 Days Free Export This Data So Much More First Prev 1 2 Last Share Industrials Sector Power Rankings Sector power rankings are rankings between Industrials and all other sector USlisted ETFs on certain investmentrelated metrics including 3month fund flows 3month return AUM average ETF expenses and average dividend yields The metric calculations are based on USlisted ETFs that are classified by ETFdbcom as being mostly exposed to a specific sector If an ETF changes its sector classification it will also be reflected in the investment metric calculations The calculations exclude inverse ETFs Fund Flow Leaderboard Return Leaderboard AUM Leaderboard Expense Leaderboard Dividend Leaderboard Share Fund Flow Leaderboard Industrials and all other sectors are ranked based on their aggregate 3month fund flows for all USlisted ETFs that are classified by ETFdbcom as being mostly exposed to those respective sectors 3month fund flows is a metric that can be used to gauge the perceived popularity amongst investors of Industrials relative to other sectors If an ETFs sector classification changes it will affect the fund flow calculations The calculations exclude inverse ETFs All values are in US dollars Sector Fund Flow Rank 3Month Fund Flow MM of ETFs Utilities 1 24 Consumer Staples 2 1 27 Energy 3 1 80 Healthcare 4 2 49 Telecom 5 9 Materials 6 62 Real Estate 7 49 Consumer Discretionary 8 30 Technology 9 1 75 Industrials 10 1 37 Financials 11 52 See All Join ETFdbcom Pro and Export This Data for Free Share Ranks are updated on a weekly basis Last updated on Jan 07 2019 ETF Issuer League Tables Industrials Sector ETF issuers who have ETFs with exposure to Industrials are ranked on certain investmentrelated metrics including estimated revenue 3month fund flows 3month return AUM average ETF expenses and average dividend yields The metric calculations are based on USlisted Industrials ETFs and every Industrials ETF has one issuer If an issuer changes its ETFs it will also be reflected in the investment metric calculations Revenue Fund Flow Return AUM Expense Dividend Share ETF Issuer Revenue League Table ETF issuers are ranked based on their estimated revenue from their ETFs with exposure to Industrials Estimated revenue for an ETF issuer is calculated by aggregating the estimated revenue of the respective issuer ETFs with exposure to Industrials To get the estimated issuer revenue from a single Industrials ETF the AUM is multiplied by the ETFs expense ratio All values are in US dollars Issuer Revenue Rank Revenue MM of ETFs Cushing Asset Management LP 1 1 Direxion 1 3 Fidelity 1 First Trust 5 Global X 2 2 Invesco 8 iShares 5 John Hancock 1 1 ProShares 2 State Street SPDR 4 Tortoise Capital 1 1 US Global Investors 1 1 VanEck 1 1 Vanguard 1 WBI Shares 1 WisdomTree 1 1 See All Join ETFdbcom ELITE and Export This Data Share Ranks are updated on a weekly basis Last updated on Jan 07 2019 Source LSEG Information Services US Inc LSEG LSEG 2016 All rights in the XTF data ratings and or underlying data contained in this communication the XTF information vest in LSEG andor its licensors Neither LSEG nor its licensors accept any liability arising out of the use of reliance on or any errors or omissions in the XTF information No further distribution of the XTF information is permitted without LSEGs express written consent LSEG does not promote sponsor or endorse the content of this communication | [
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http://ethanol.nebraska.gov/wordpress/about/nebraska-ethanol-plants/ | Nebraska Ethanol Plants Just one Nebraska ethanol plant in 1985 has grown to 25 ethanol plants today . Spread throughout much of the state , these plants have a capacity of more than 2.5 billion gallons โ making Nebraska the No . 2 ethanol - producing state in the country . Combined , these plants use more than 700 million bushels of corn per year โ and produce more than 6 million tons of distillers grains , a high protein feed ingredient used for cattle . These ethanol plants represent a $ 5 billion economic impact in the state and provide direct full - time employment for more than 1,300 Nebraskans . Geographic position , abundant ethanol supply and reliable , competitive rail transportation gives Nebraska a strategic advantage in serving ethanol markets in the western U.S . E - Energy Adams | Adams 13238 E Aspen Road Adams , NE 68301 Carl Sitzmann | 402 - 988 - 4655 Opened : October 2007 Mill Process : Dry Feedstock : Corn Grind : 28 MBY Permanent Employees : 52 Valero Renewable Fuels | Albion 2615 260th Street PO Box 188 , Suite 100 Albion , NE 68620 Andy Roberts | 402 - 395 - 3500 Opened : August 2007 Mill Process : Dry Feedstock : Corn Grind : 39 MBY Permanent Employees : 65 Green Plains Atkinson , LLC | Atkinson P.O. Box 391 Atkinson , NE 68713 Gerod Camp | 402 - 925 - 5570 Opened : June 2008 Grind : 17 MBY Permanent Employees : 43 Pacific Ethanol | Aurora - East 1205 S โ O โ Road Aurora , NE 68818 Lyndon Jones | 402 - 694 - 3635 Opened : October 1995 Grind : 16 MBY Permanent Employees : 40 Pacific Ethanol Aurora - West 2103 Harvest Drive Aurora , NE 68818 Lyndon Jones | 402 - 634 - 3635 Resumed Operations : June 2014 Grind : 37 MBY Permanent Employees : 45 Cargill , Inc . Blair 650 Industrial Park PO Box 300 Blair , NE 68008 Brian Silvey | 402 - 533 - 4100 Opened : April 1995 Mill Process : Wet Grind : 70 MBY Permanent Employees : 30 ( ethanol only ) Bridgeport Ethanol Bridgeport 9216 Road 90 P.O. Box 884 Bridgeport , NE 69336 Ted Free | 308 - 262 - 2020 Opened : December 2008 Grind : 18 MBY Permanent Employees : 27 Nebraska Corn Processing Cambridge 107 Potter St . Cambridge , NE 69022 Nathan Donahey | 308 - 697 - 3760 Opened : March 2008 Grind : 17 MBY Permanent Employees : 35 Green Plains Central City 214 20th Street Central City , NE 68826 Andy Dahlke | 308 - 946 - 9700 Opened : May 2004 Grind : 36 MBY Permanent Employees : 50 ADM Columbus 3000 E 8th Street Columbus , NE 68601 Tara Tolly | 402 - 564 - 6353 Opened : August 1992 Mill Process : Wet Grind : 195 MBY Permanent Employees : 425 Flint Hills Resources | Fairmont 1214 County Road G Fairmont , NE 68354 Daren Ruggles | 402 - 268 - 7900 Opened : October 2007 Grind : 42 MBY Permanent Employees : 60 Chief Ethanol Fuels Hastings 4225 E South St . Hastings , NE 68901 Duane Kristensen | 402 - 463 - 6885 Opened : June 1985 Grind : 25 MBY Permanent Employees : 64 Siouxland Ethanol Jackson 1501 Knox Boulevard Jackson , NE 68743 Pam Miller | 402 - 632 - 2676 Opened : May 2007 Grind : 27 MBY Permanent Employees : 37 Chief Ethanol Fuels Lexington 111 E Industry Drive Lexington , NE 68850 Duane Kristensen | 402 - 463 - 6885 Opened : January 2006 ( formerly Cornhusker Energy until Chief purchased May 27 , 2016 ) Feedstock : Corn and Milo Grind : 14 MBY Permanent Employees : 51 Mid America Agri Products / Wheatland LLC Madrid Owned by Standard Ethanol 1900 E State Farm Rd . North Platte , NE 69103 * * * Corporate Office Only * * * 76080 Road 336 Madrid , NE 69150 Robert Lundeen | 308 - 532 - 8298 Mill Process : Dry Grind : 18 MBY Permanent Employees : 34 AltEn , LLC Mead 1344 County Road 10 Mead , NE 68041 Scott Tingelhoff | 402 - 624 - 2000 Resumed Operations : June 2015 Grind : 10 MBY Permanent Employees : 40 KAAPA Ethanol Minden P.O. Box 238 Minden , NE 68959 Tony Beam | 308 - 743 - 2217 Opened : September 2003 Grind : 28 MBY Permanent Employees : 43 Louis Dreyfus Commodities Norfolk 3002 N Victory Road Norfolk , NE 68701 Allen Sievertsen | 402 - 844 - 2680 Grind : 18 MBY Permanent Employees : 51 Green Plains Renewable Energy Ord 48167 Val - E Road Ord , NE 68862 Les Glinsmann | 308 - 496 - 4800 Opened : May 2007 Grind : 20 MBY Permanent Employees : 41 Husker Ag , LLC Plainview 54048 Hwy 20 BOX 10 Plainview , NE 68769 Seth Harder | 402 - 582 - 4446 Opened : January 2003 Grind : 29 MBY Permanent Employees : 53 KAAPA Ethanol | Ravenna 35955 Navaho Road Ravenna , NE 68869 Mitch Feldman | 308 - 452 - 6869 Opened : September 2007 Grind : 31 MBY Permanent Employees : 50 Midwest Renewable Energy Sutherland 27532 W Highway 30 Sutherland , NE 69165 Joe Shanle | 308 - 386 - 2468 Opened : November 1999 Grind : 9 MBY Permanent Employees : 28 Trenton Agri Products Trenton 36638 US Hwy 34 Trenton , NE 69044 Tony Leiding | 316 - 265 - 3311 Opened : March 2004 Grind : 16 MBY Permanent Employees : 32 Green Plains Wood River 7874 S . 140th Road PO Box 515 Wood River , NE 68883 Chris Most | 308 - 385 - 1200 Opened : June 2008 Grind : 41 MBY Permanent Employees : 59 York 1414 Road O York , NE 68467 Mitch Stuhr | 402 - 362 - 0088 Opened : November 1994 Feedstock : Corn and Milo Grind : 19 MBY * * * * Updated Oct . 5 , 2018 * * * * | [
"NEBRASKA ETHANOL PLANTS"
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http://ethdocs.org/en/latest/ether.html | Ether ยถ What is ether ? ยถ Ether is the name of the currency used within Ethereum . It is used to pay for computation within the EVM . This is done indirectly by purchasing gas for ether as explained in gas Denominations Ethereum has a metric system of denominations used as units of ether . Each denomination has its own unique name ( some bear the family name of seminal figures playing a role in evolution of computer science and cryptoeconomics ) . The smallest denomination aka base unit of ether is called Wei . Below is a list of the named denominations and their value in Wei . Following a common ( although somewhat ambiguous ) pattern , ether also designates a unit ( of 1e18 or one quintillion Wei ) of the currency . Note that the currency is not called Ethereum as many mistakenly think , nor is Ethereum a unit . Unit Wei Value Wei wei 1 wei 1 Kwei ( babbage ) 1e3 wei 1,000 Mwei ( lovelace ) 1e6 wei 1,000,000 Gwei ( shannon ) 1e9 wei 1,000,000,000 microether ( szabo ) 1e12 wei 1,000,000,000,000 milliether ( finney ) 1e15 wei 1,000,000,000,000,000 ether 1e18 wei 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 Ether supply https : / / blog . ethereum . org / 2014 / 04 / 10 / the - issuance - model - in - ethereum / https : / / www . reddit . com / r / ethereum / comments / 44zy88 / clarification_on_ether_supply_and_cost_of_gas / https : / / www . reddit . com / r / ethereum / comments / 45vj4g / question_about_scarcity_of_ethereum_and_its / https : / / www . reddit . com / r / ethtrader / comments / 48yqg6 / is_there_a_cap_like_with_btc_with_how_many_ether / Getting ether In order to obtain Ether , you need to either become an Ethereum miner ( see Mining ) or trade other currencies for ether using centralised or trustless services use the user friendly Mist Ethereum GUI Wallet that as of Beta 6 introduced the ability to purchase ether using the http : / / shapeshift . io / API . Trustless services Note that the Ethereum platform is special in that the smart contracts enable trustless services that obviate the need for trusted third parties in a currency exchange transaction , ie . disintermediate currency exchange businesses . Such projects ( alpha / prelaunch status at the time of writing ) are : BTCrelay More information ( about ETH / BTC 2 - way peg without modifying bitcoin code ) . BTCrelay audit EtherEx decentralised exchange List of centralised exchange marketplaces Exchange Currencies Poloniex BTC Kraken BTC , USD , EUR , CAD , GBP Gatecoin BTC , EUR Bitfinex BTC , USD Bittrex BTC Bluetrade BTC , LTC , DOGE HitBTC Livecoin Coinsquare Bittylicious GBP BTER CNY Yunbi CNY Metaexchange Centralised fixed rate exchanges Exchange Currencies Shapeshift BTC , LTC , DOGE , Other Bity BTC , USD , EUR , CHF Trading and price analytics ETH markets exhaustive listing by volume on coinmarketcap Aggregating realtime stats of major ETH markets : Tradeblock EthereumWisdom Cryptocompare Coinmarketcap Online wallets , paper wallets , and cold storage Todo This is here just a dumping ground of links and notes Please move this over in a listing form to ecosystem Keep examples here , maybe explain paranoid practices , list dangers Mist Ethereum Wallet Releases to download Mist Ethereum Wallet developer preview - foundation blog post How to easily set up the Ethereum Mist wallet ! - Tutorial by Tommy Economics Kryptokit Jaxx Jaxx main site Mobile release Etherwall Etherwall website Etherwall source MyEtherWallet MyEtherWallet website MyEtherWallet source Chrome extension Cold storage Icebox by ConsenSys - Cold storage based on lightwallet with HD wallet library integrated . Reddit discussion 1 How to setup a cold storage wallet Hardware wallet reddit discussion 2 reddit discussion 3 Brain wallet brain wallets are not safe , do not use them . https : / / www . reddit . com / r / ethereum / comments / 45y8m7 / brain_wallets_are_now_generally_shunned_by / Extreme caution with brain wallets . Read the recent controversy : https : / / reddit . com / r / ethereum / comments / 43fhb5 / brainwallets vs http : / / blog . ether . camp / post / 138376049438 / why - brain - wallet - is - the - best Misc Kraken Wallet Sweeper Tool - Pre - sale wallet import Recommended ways to safely store ether How to buy and store ether A laymen โ s intro into brute forcing and why not to use brain wallets Pyethsaletool Account vs wallet Sending ether The Ethereum Wallet supports sending ether via a graphical interface . Ether can also be transferred using the geth console > var sender = eth . accounts 0 > var receiver = eth . accounts 1 amount web3 . toWei 0.01 , " ether " eth . sendTransaction ( { from : sender , to : receiver , value : amount } ) For more information of ether transfer transactions , see Account Types , Gas , and Transactions Ethereum is unique in the realm of cryptocurrencies in that ether has utility value as a cryptofuel , commonly referred to as โ gas โ . Beyond transaction fees , gas is a central part of every network request and requires the sender to pay for the computing resources consumed . The gas cost is dynamically calculated , based on the volume and complexity of the request and multiplied by the current gas price . Its value as a cryptofuel has the effect of increasing the stability and long - term demand for ether and Ethereum as a whole . Account Types , Gas , and Transactions Gas and ether https : / / www . reddit . com / r / ethereum / comments / 271qdz / can_someone_explain_the_concept_of_gas_in_ethereum / https : / / www . reddit . com / r / ethereum / comments / 3fnpr1 / can_someone_possibly_explain_the_concept_of / https : / / www . reddit . com / r / ethereum / comments / 49gol3 / can_ether_be_used_as_a_currency_eli5_ether_gas / Gas is supposed to be the constant cost of network resources / utilisation . You want the real cost of sending a transaction to always be the same , so you ca n โ t really expect Gas to be issued , currencies in general are volatile . So instead , we issue ether whose value is supposed to vary , but also implement a Gas Price in terms of Ether . If the price of ether goes up , the Gas Price in terms of ether should go down to keep the real cost of Gas the same . Gas has multiple associated terms with it : Gas Prices , Gas Cost , Gas Limit , and Gas Fees . The principle behind Gas is to have a stable value for how much a transaction or computation costs on the Ethereum network . Gas Cost is a static value for how much a computation costs in terms of Gas , and the intent is that the real value of the Gas never changes , so this cost should always stay stable over time . Gas Price is how much Gas costs in terms of another currency or token like Ether . To stabilise the value of gas , the Gas Price is a floating value such that if the cost of tokens or currency fluctuates , the Gas Price changes to keep the same real value . The Gas Price is set by the equilibrium price of how much users are willing to spend , and how much processing nodes are willing to accept . Gas Limit is the maximum amount of Gas that can be used per block , it is considered the maximum computational load , transaction volume , or block size of a block , and miners can slowly change this value over time . Gas Fee is effectively the amount of Gas needed to be paid to run a particular transaction or program ( called a contract ) . The Gas Fees of a block can be used to imply the computational load , transaction volume , or size of a block . The gas fees are paid to the miners ( or bonded contractors in PoS ) . | [
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http://ethehealthadvisor.com/stop-period-early/ | Health Advice Uncategorized Published on September 1 , 2015 How to stop your period early written by jemerald Having menses is usually a messy affair for most women . This is because having a period causes inconveniences especially for the modern woman who is highly involved in demanding activities such as sports and business meetings . Apart from these , women often experience unpleasant effects that accompany menses such as headaches , bloating and cramping . If you are seeking for ways and means of dealing with your menses , here is how to stop your period early : Aleve Taking Aleve is a popular method for women who intend to stop or delay having their periods . Apart from stalling the onset of menses , it is also used to relieve complications that accompany periods including pains and cramps . Ibuprofen Taking 1 dose 3 - 4 times a day while being careful not to exceed the maximum dosage helps in mitigating the effect of a painful period . It also reduces the flow by more than 50 percent . Apart from managing complications that come with your menses ; ibuprofen has been known to stop menses in some women . Red raspberry tea This herbal concoction is known to be full of benefits for women โ s reproductive health . Some of these benefits include stalling the period early before it begins . While raspberry has many benefits , it is important to consult your physician before taking red raspberry since it has been known to interfere with the body โ s blood sugar concentration . Contraceptives Birth control methods such as injections and pills are known to alter the menstrual cycle . Actually , contraceptives are considered among the best approaches for stopping periods . Contraceptives will not only assist you to control conception but also provide a long term techniques for stopping your period early . Pills are the most basic methods for stopping your period as long as they are taken regularly and according to physician โ s direction . Oral contraceptives involve taking contraceptive pills for 21 days followed by 7 days of placebo pills . Basically you receive your periods during the 1 week when you are on placebo pills . If you intend to regulate or skip your periods , you can achieve this by skipping the placebo pills and continuing with the actual pills . In some instances this can result in unpleasant effects . Once you stop taking the pills , your menses resume . Though oral contraceptives are ideal for stopping or regulating menses , you should never take them without consulting your physician . Exercise Regular exercise is among the well - known techniques on how to stop your period early . Women who work out regularly usually experience fewer complications , lighter and shorter periods . In some instances , sporty women with less body fat may not even have periods ; however missing periods when you have not conceived or used any other method to stall the process may be a sign of anemia . Water By now you know that water is good for your general well being . What you may never have known is that this universal beverage is great for shortening your period . Water assists the body to flush out everything quickly including your menses . In addition drinking plenty of water ( about 6 - 8 glasses daily ) will help in relieving bloating and cramping . And while you are at it , avoid alcohol and caffeine as they will add to the adverse effects during your menses . Balanced diet Eating healthy balanced meals daily is good for shortening your menses and dealing with the accompanying complications . Green beans have been singled out for being highly effective in stopping menses or making them shorter and lighter . Fruits and vegetables Consuming a generous helping of fruits and vegetables tends to lighten your periods . Some women claim that sucking on a lemon temporarily stops their period . Gelatin Gelatin is an effective method of stopping periods for a day or two . For maximum effect , mix a packet of gelatin in a glass of water and drink in one go . Your menses will be delayed by about 24 - 48 hours . Ultimately , it is important to know that every woman is unique . This means that even with all the above approaches on how to stop your period early , some techniques may work effectively for you compared to others . Just because a particular technique worked for your friend does not mean that it will work effectively for you as well . Here the secret is to keep searching until you identify one or two techniques that work well for you without causing unpleasant effects . Additional Resources : http : / / thehealthinfosite . com / stop - period - tips / Filed under : Health Advice Uncategorized Previous Post How to Make Your Periods Come Faster ? Next Post How to improve short term memory ? | [
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http://etherealmind.com/basics-explaining-the-difference-between-software-defined-networking-sdn-and-network-functions-virtualization-nfv/ | You are here : Home Blog Basics : Explaining the Difference Between Software Defined Networking ( SDN ) and Network Functions Virtualization ( NFV ) Basics : Explaining the Difference Between Software Defined Networking ( SDN ) and Network Functions Virtualization ( NFV ) 9th October 2015 By Greg Ferro Filed Under : Blog The next generation of networking is more complex and multi - functional compared to the networks of today . Networks are moving from โ connectivity as a service โ to โ multi - service platform . Takeaways SDN & NFV are complementary technologies NFV depends on SDN to deliver network features that enable it . Both use controller concepts for Operations and Administration ( OAM ) . NFV offers two general types of services , network and user . Comparing SDN & NFV Software Defined Networking operates the forwarding layer in a network . There are many sub - technologies here such as overlay / encapsulated networking , controllers , APIs and applications that replace the previous generation of forwarding technologies . Networking could be performed directly in hardware using technology like EVPN / MPLS or using overlay like VXLAN / MPLSoGRE depending on market development over the next few years . Network Functions Virtualization is focussed on network appliances that perform path control , protocol manipulation , logging / monitor / capture , content analysis , security control and similar functions . These functions are in use today as routers , firewalls , IDS / IPS , proxy caching , WAN acceleration , data centre and WAN load balancers . But also include services such as identity & authentication management ( IAM ) with AAA , data loss prevention , malware / virus inspection / detection , content . Virtual Appliance Today , NFV services are most likely to be deployed using virtual appliances operating on a x86 hypervisor . Functional Elements of SDN & NFV If you read the previous section and found it confusing , you are not the only one . I am attempting to summarise complex concepts . The following diagram should provide more comprehensive view of how network functions break down . There are four general areas I consider make up a complete NFV platform . A flow managed network can be programmed predictable and safely so that packet , flows and paths are able to integrate with mobile virtual appliances . SDN Applications and controller that can manage , monitor and analyse the overall network status and integrate with the NFV controller system . Network Services are basic network functions such as firewalls , traffic shapers . The key factor is that they operate on protocol flows between endpoints in the network . User Services that support network services , or provide additional network function . For example , AAA / IAM functions may support VPN devices for user management while security monitoring ( ie capture / inspection ) is a user service . The next piece of NFV is how to provide services to a network conversation and is called โ Service Chaining โ . About Greg Ferro Human Infrastructure for Data Networks . 25 year survivor of Corporate IT in many verticals , tens of employers working on a wide range of networking solutions and products . Host of the Packet Pushers Podcast on data networking at http : / / packetpushers . net - now the largest networking podcast on the Internet . My personal blog at http : / / gregferro . com | [
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http://etherealmind.com/what-happened-to-infoblox-sdn-and-cloud-did/ | You are here : Home Blog What Happened to Infoblox ? SDN and Cloud did . What Happened to Infoblox ? SDN and Cloud did . 12th February 2014 By Greg Ferro Filed Under : Blog Infoblox has been making software that fills the gaps that mainstream vendors have n โ t covered for more than a decade . Its primary product is IP Address Management with tools for IPAM , DNS and DHCP . The NetMRI product is good but old . And the DNS Firewall is a me too . IPAM / DHCP / DNS The long term viability of this product is effectively zero . The arrival of SDN platforms like Nuage Networks VSP , Juniper โ s Contrail , Cisco โ s ACI and , most importantly , OpenDaylight means that these functions are subsumed into those SDN systems as an integral function for both service providers and enterprises . Other features are moving into cloud orchestration platforms like VMware vCloud , Cisco CIAC , OpenStack etc . Who needs IPAM as a standalone product ? Further , Infoblox is n โ t doing enough to integrate with those SDN platforms to ensure any future revenue by adding value there . The DNS Load balancing products are better handled using a SaaS product like Amazon โ s Route 53 . In the current security environment , running your own DNS server is a high risk option . People are slow to change on this idea but momentum is inexorable . In the shorter term , the arrival of DevOps into the operational models is changing the fundamentals of the how IPAM software is deployed . Two years ago , a network engineer was not permitted to operate a server . That was the responsibility of the server team . The result was that engineers turned to appliances that looked like network devices to provide the software โ companies like Infoblox and Bluecat met that need . This year , the network engineers are stretching their software skills by deploying Linux and open source software . Tools like IPPlan , GestoIP and many others are free but mostly a good opportunity to build skills in software ( the future of networking ) . Who wants to buy Infoblox when you can do it yourself and improve your career ? Finally , Infoblox products are eye - wateringly overpriced . In recent evaluations I have performed with customers , Infoblox does n โ t even make it past the โ sniff test โ and is consistently discarded early . The analysts claim that 78 % gross profit margins make it attractive business but down here in the real world , it makes for an expensive product that it โ s easy to ignore . If you still want a commercial product then most customers would choose Solarwinds because its reasonably priced . Network Monitoring NetMRI the product family in network monitoring . Its a good product but again , painfully expensive to purchase and maintain . It โ s also irrelevant in an SDN future . SDN platforms have most of NetMRI monitoring capabilities as part of their value proposition . Cisco ACI , in particular , has made a significant point of highlighting it โ s end to end monitoring and visibility capabilities . Network Automation โ Whatever automation they have , it โ s nothing compared to what VMware NSX , Juniper Contrail and Nuage Networks has demonstrated already . There is zero barrier to entry with startups like Anuta Networks and Live Action doing more , better and at a cheaper price . DNS Firewalls Infoblox did a lot of press around their DNS firewalls product . I was baffled by how much excitement this generated in financial markets and might have been the cause of the run up in the share price over the last year . I do n โ t really understand why this is product at all . DNS Firewalling is a โ me too โ product . Cisco bought Sourcefire which has it , in addition to IronPort and ScanSafe . HP Tipping Point has it . Palo Alto WildFire does it . Everyone who has a reputation service product has it and there are a lot of them โฆ . . And most people are moving to cloud services because of DNS flood attacks . Why would you buy this product ? The EtherealMind View Infoblox is a good company with solid but tedious network management products . They are truly expensive and the company was successful while there was little serious competition or alternatives . Times have changed and the market for this type of software is being commoditised . Solarwinds makes good enough products that undermine future sales in the core IPAM Business and tens of startups are doing it better and cheaper while SDN disrupts the market entirely . The attempt to stretch into security was well executed but the fundamentals are wrong . Cloud services have eaten a large chunk of the secure DNS market already and whats left is handled by existing vendors with existing products . โ DNS firewalling โ is a one trick pony . I also find it hard to see where Infoblox can go from here . Can their core product be transformed to add value over the top of other SDN platforms ? What customer value can be delivered during a market transition where network management and visibility is built into the network itself ? SDN changed a few things . Cloud changed a few things . High profit margins in core market leaves Infoblox exposed for disruption . At the first sign of of loss of momentum , investors are leaving because they can see the disruption coming . Infoblox reported a slowdown in sales and that triggered the drop . I predict that this will happen repeatedly in the year ahead as networking companies with high profit margins and share in legacy markets are disrupted by the SDN and Cloud double . Infoblox is just one of the first . About Greg Ferro Human Infrastructure for Data Networks . 25 year survivor of Corporate IT in many verticals , tens of employers working on a wide range of networking solutions and products . Host of the Packet Pushers Podcast on data networking at http : / / packetpushers . net - now the largest networking podcast on the Internet . My personal blog at http : / / gregferro . com | [
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http://etherealmind.com/what-is-the-best-ip-address-to-ping-to-test-my-internet-connection/ | You are here : Home Basics What is the Best IP address to Ping to Test my Internet Connection ? What is the Best IP address to Ping to Test my Internet Connection ? 23rd July 2012 By Greg Ferro Filed Under : Basics Blog Sometimes you just need an IP address to be check your internet connection . My current favourite IP address is to use the Google DNS servers . which are the IPv4 addresses 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 and 8 . 8 . 4 . 4 . I have a favourite IP address to ping in Australia at 139 . 130 . 4 . 5 which is the primary name server for the largest carrier in Australia . ( And reminds me that latency of 500 milliseconds is normal for some people ) . I โ ve also used the servers at OpenDNS 208 . 67 . 222 . 222 and 208 . 67 . 220 . 220 . OpenDNS ( now owned by Cisco Umbrella business unit ) provides a secure and safe DNS service which I recommend that you check out for home and commercial use . Note : Cisco uses DNS data to build a threat database and its highly likely that it sells data . Cloudflare have a DNS service at 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 and 1 . 0 . 0 . 1 . The goal is to have the fastest DNS service possible . Like Google they have a large number of servers around the world that should respond to the PING request ( uses AnyCast if you are interested ) Norton Connectsafe also have secure DNS servers for home users at 198 . 153 . 192 . 1 and 198 . 153 . 194 . 2 that respond to ICMP requests . I do not recommend Norton due to very poor track record on basic security . DNSResolvers . com is another DNS servers 205 . 210 . 42 . 205 and 64 . 68 . 200 . 200 as a free service from EasyDNS . Best IP Addresses to Ping Host IP Address Cloudflare 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 google - public - dns - a . google . com . 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 google - public - dns - b . google . com 8 . 8 . 4 . 4 ns1 . telstra . net 139 . 130 . 4 . 5 It should look something like this : GF : ~ etherelamind $ ping 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 PING 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 ( 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 ) : 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 : icmp_seq = 0 ttl = 47 time = 66.060 ms 64 bytes from 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 : icmp_seq = 1 ttl = 47 time = 114.892 ms 64 bytes from 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 : icmp_seq = 2 ttl = 47 time = 103.609 ms C - - - 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 ping statistics - - - 3 packets transmitted , 3 packets received , 0.0 % packet loss round - trip min / avg / max / stddev = 66.060 / 94.854 / 114.892 / 20.875 ms GF : ~ gregferro $ If you do n โ t get a response If you ping these addresses and get an error like this , then there is more than one thing that could be wrong with your connection . GF : etherealmind $ ping 8 . 8 . 4 . 4 PING 8 . 8 . 4 . 4 ( 8 . 8 . 4 . 4 ) : 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 Request timeout for icmp_seq 3 The most likely problem is that your Internet connection is down or broken . It โ s also possible that Internet router or firewall is blocking ping packets . Many firewalls do block ping packets by default so this is n โ t the only test you should do . Let me know if you have any other favourite places that might be worth adding to the list . About Greg Ferro Human Infrastructure for Data Networks . 25 year survivor of Corporate IT in many verticals , tens of employers working on a wide range of networking solutions and products . Host of the Packet Pushers Podcast on data networking at http : / / packetpushers . net - now the largest networking podcast on the Internet . My personal blog at http : / / gregferro . com | [
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http://ethicalelephant.com/gosh-cosmetics-vegan-list-of-products/ | GOSH Cosmetics โ Vegan List of Products September 18 , 2015 This post may contain affiliate links . GOSH Cosmetics is an affordable cosmetic brand from Denmark , their products can be found at Superdrug . GOSH Cosmetics is certified cruelty - free by PETA . They state on their website โ GOSH Cosmetics does not use animals to test any of our products or ingredients . Neither do we commission others to perform animal tests . Moreover it is prohibited by European law to test cosmetic products or ingredients on animals . โ GOSH Animal Testing Statement ( 2019 ) Is GOSH Cruelty - Free ? Answer : Yes . GOSH is cruelty - free ; they do not test any of their products or ingredients on animals . In addition to being cruelty - free , also offers a selection of vegan - friendly makeup . Is GOSH Vegan ? Answer : GOSH is not an entirely vegan cosmetic brand however GOSH Cosmetics does offer an extensive range of vegan products that do not contain any animal - derived ingredients or by - products . Please reference GOSH vegan product list below . GOSH Vegan Product List ( 2019 ) Below is a list of GOSH vegan products that do not contain any animal - derived ingredients or by - products . Face โ GOSH Vegan PRIMER Overnight Primer Oil Essence Primer Plus+ โ Illuminating , Hydration , Chameleon Prime โ n Set โ Neutral , Banana , Hydration Velvet Touch Foundation Primer Anti - Wrinkle Velvet Touch Foundation Primer Classic CONCEALER BB Skin Perfection Kit CCC Stick Colour Corrector Kit FOUNDATION # FoundationDrops BB Cream CC Cream POWDER BB Powder Giant Sun Powder โ Metallic Gold Mineral Powder Pressed Powder BRONZER & HIGHLIGHTER Bronzing Powder Contour โ n Strobe Kit Lumi Drops Precious Powder Pearls ( Glow ) Strobe โ n Glow Kit BLUSH Giant Blush Eyes MASCARA Blown Away Mascara โ 001 Black Blown Away Mascara โ 002 Carbon Black My Favourite Mascara โ 001 Black My Favourite Mascara โ 002 Carbon Black Rebel Eyes Mascara Volume Serum Mascara EYE SHADOW 3in1 Hybrid Eyes Eye Xpression Forever Eye Shadow Matt Duo Eye Shadow ( Brown Base , Melting Pale , Green Zone & Dark โ n Dusky ) Mineral Colour Pigments Mono Eye Shadow ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 & 15 ) Quattro Eye Shadow ( Q56 ) Smokey Eyes Palette ( 01 , 02 ) EYE LINER Eye Liner Pen ( Liquid ) Giant Pro Kajal Giant Pro Liner โ 001 Blacker Than Black Intense Eye Liner Pen Kohl / Eye Liner ( Black , Expresso & White ) Long Lasting Eye Liner Pen Smokey Eye Liner ( 01 , 02 , 05 ) The Ultimate Eye Liner ( 01 , 02 , 03 , 07 ) Velvet Touch Eye Liner Waterproof ( Black Ink , Truly Brown , Hypnotic Grey , Metallic Brass , Pretty Petrol , Woody Green , Lemon Soda , Blue Moon , Alligator , Silver Screen , Sky High , Pure Natural , Classic Grey , Rebellious Brown , I Sea You & Renaissance Gold , Carbon Black ) Xtreme Liquid Gel Eye Liner ( 001 , 002 , 003 , 004 , 005 , 006 , 008 & 009 ) EYE PRIMER Prime โ n Refresh Eye Roll - on Velvet Touch Eye Primer EYE BROWS Brow Sculpting Fibre Gel Eye Brow Pencil Defining Brow Gel Long Lasting Brow Pen Lips โ GOSH Vegan Forever Lip Shine ( 001 , 003 , 004 , 005 , 006 , 007 , 008 , 009 & 010 ) Kiss Me ! Moisturizing Lip Balm : ( 02 , 03 , 04 , 05 , 06 , 07 & 08 ) Light โ N Shine Lip Oil Long Lasting Lip Marker Intense Lip Colour Velvet Touch Lip Primer Velvet Touch Lip Liner Waterproof Volume Lip Shine Nails โ GOSH Vegan 2 in 1 Nail Hardener Fast Dry Drops Gel Look Top Coat Mini Lacquers Nail & Cuticle Oil OMG Nail Lacquer โ All Nail Lacquer โ All Nail Lacquer โ Frosted Nail Lacquer โ Special Ed NOT VEGAN โ Gosh Cosmetics The following products were not labelled as โ vegan โ on GOSH โ website : Amazing Length โ n Build Mascara โ Black Boombastic Crazy Mascara โ 001 Extreme Black Boombastic Mascara โ 002 Carbon Black Boombastic Mascara โ Black Boombastic XXL Swirl Volume Mascara โ 001 Black Catchy Eyes Mascara Waterproof โ 001 Black Click โ N Conceal Effect Powder Eye Designer Fake It ! Primer Mascara โ 001 Grey Foundation Plus+ Growth Mascara โ Growth Serum โ 001 Lashes Growth Serum โ 002 Brow Growth Serum โ The secret of longer lashes Lift & Highlight โ 001 Nude , 002 Rose Mix & Fix Colour Drops โ 001 Light , 002 Green , 003 Purple , 004 Dark , 005 Masala Mix & Match Palette Multicolour Blush Natural Blush Primer Plus+ โ 006 Filler Show Me Volume Mascara โ Carbon Black Strobelight โ 001 Galactic Gold , 002 Galactic Sunset , 003 Galactic Ligh t Waterproof Volume Mascara X - Ceptional Wear Foundation Metal Eyes Hybrid Liner & Shadow Velvet Touch Eyeliner โ Blueberry Ice , Golden Moss , Funky Violet , Temptation , Fashionista 24h Pro Liner Giant Pro Double Liner Infinity Eye Liner Kohl / Eyeliner โ Stone , Nude The Ultimate Eye Liner โ 04 Camuflage Green , 05 Kind of Blue Brow Kit Brow Shape & Fill Quattro Eye Shadow ( Q22 , Q24 ) Mineral WP Eye Shadow Matt Duo Eye Shadow โ 008 Dusty Purple Eyelight Trio ( 001 , 002 , 003 ) Eye Shadow Primer Eye Shadow Base ( Waterproof ) โ 01 Matt Smokey Eyes Palette โ 03 Plum , 04 Blue Forever Eye Shadow This vegan product list is updated as frequently as possible , please be aware that formulations may have changed since the publication of this post . If you have new information to suggest one of the above products is n โ t vegan , please email me at info @ ethicalelephant . com to let me know . 8 Responses katryna January 26 , 2018 Hey there ! love you guys , love love GOSH . I was in my local Shoppers Drug Mart recently and their items were all on mass liquidation . I asked one of the workers about it and she told me they were discontinuing the line ( ! ? โ not just โ no longer carrying it โ but she clarified for me that they had been told GOSH itself was shutting down the line ) . I found it a bit weird because I understood them to be a fairly large company ( and Im amazed at their dedication Reply Chelsey June 3 , 2017 Boombastic mascara contains beeswax , you might like to make a note . Reply Charlin Larsen February 26 , 2017 Hey , are you gonna update the list soon ? _ Those kind of lists are priceless ! Xo handa August 8 , 2016 you have any idea what happened to their 9 shades eye shadow palettes ? I think they usedd to be on their vegan list . thank you for your hard work Sarah May 14 , 2016 Do you know why the xceptional wear foundation is no longer vegan ? I love it and think it โ s really good ! x Vicky Ly May 17 , 2016 Hey Sarah ! I could n โ t find a list of ingredients on GOSH โ s website so I emailed them and they informed that the X - Ceptional Wear Foundation was reformulated and contains beeswax . โ Our X - ceptional wear foundations are not suitable for vegans , as it contains beeswax and therefore it is no longer on the vegan list . โ Cรฆcilie December 27 , 2015 Hi Vicky . Thank you so much for your amazing blogposts i read them all the time . I am a vegan too and i am only buying vegan products therefore your blog is really helpfull . I love the style of your blog and the kindness towards animals behind it . I have a suggestion for you . Could you please so a vegan list on the brand Dr . Hauska ? They sell skincare and makeup i know they are cruelty free but i do not know which products are vegan . Thanks again . keep up the good work < 3 Love from Denmark Cรฆcilie December 27 , 2015 Oh i forgot โฆ If you feel like it please do a vegan list on KIKO cosmetics as well | [
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http://ethics.alabama.gov/law.aspx | Law and Rules Below are some helpful links to the law and rules which govern the Alabama Ethics Commission Draft Codification Restated Alabama Ethics Act 2016 Revisions 812016 Administrative Rules 340X101 Handling of Cases 340X104 Informal Opinions 340X105 Precertifications 340X106 Liquidation of Campaign Property Fair Campaign Act Code of Alabama Events Blaine Galliher Windom Galliher and Associates Oracle America Inc Office of Information Technology 1152019 Elizabeth P Stevens President CEO Downtown Mobile Alliance 1162019 | [
"Alabama",
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"Commission"
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http://ethics.iit.edu/ecodes/node/4839 | Code of Ethics for the Physical Therapist 2010 Submitted by KBL781 on Mon 10242011 1615 Organization American Physical Therapy Association httpwwwaptaorg Source Code of Ethics for the Physical Therapist httpswwwaptaorguploadedFilesAPTAorgAbout_UsPoliciesHODEthicsCodeofEt Date Approved Effective July 1 2010 Disclaimer Please note the codes in our collection might not necessarily be most recent versions Please contact the individual organizations or their websites to verify if a more recent or updated code of ethics is available CSEP does not hold copyright on any of the codes of ethics in our collection Any permission to use the codes must be sought from the individual organizations directly Code of Ethics for the Physical Therapist Preamble The Code of Ethics for the Physical Therapist Code of Ethics delineates the ethical obligations of all physical therapists as determined by the House of Delegates of the American Physical Therapy Association APTA The purposes of this Code of Ethics are to Define the ethical principles that form the foundation of physical therapist practice in patientclient management consultation education research and administration Provide standards of behavior and performance that form the basis of professional accountability to the public Provide guidance for physical therapists facing ethical challenges regardless of their professional roles and responsibilities Educate physical therapists students other health care professionals regulators and the public regarding the core values ethical principles and standards that guide the professional conduct of the physical therapist Establish the standards by which the American Physical Therapy Association can determine if a physical therapist has engaged in unethical conduct No code of ethics is exhaustive nor can it address every situation Physical therapists are encouraged to seek additional advice or consultation in instances where the guidance of the Code of Ethics may not be definitive This Code of Ethics is built upon the five roles of the physical therapist management of patientsclients consultation education research and administration the core values of the profession and the multiple realms of ethical action individual organizational and societal Physical therapist practice is guided by a set of seven core values accountability altruism compassioncaring excellence integrity professional duty and social responsibility Throughout the document the primary core values that support specific principles are indicated in parentheses Unless a specific role is indicated in the principle the duties and obligations being delineated pertain to the five roles of the physical therapist Principles Principle 1 Physical therapists shall respect the inherent dignity and rights of all individuals Core Values Compassion Integrity 1A Physical therapists shall act in a respectful manner toward each person regardless of age gender race nationality religion ethnicity social or economic status sexual orientation health condition or disability 1B Physical therapists shall recognize their personal biases and shall not discriminate against others in physical therapist practice consultation education research and administration Principle 2 Physical therapists shall be trustworthy and compassionate in addressing the rights and needs of patientsclients Core Values Altruism Compassion Professional Duty 2A Physical therapists shall adhere to the core values of the profession and shall act in the best interests of patientsclients over the interests of the physical therapist 2B Physical therapists shall provide physical therapy services with compassionate and caring behaviors that incorporate the individual and cultural differences of patientsclients 2C Physical therapists shall provide the information necessary to allow patients or their surrogates to make informed decisions about physical therapy care or participation in clinical research 2D Physical therapists shall collaborate with patientsclients to empower them in decisions about their health care 2E Physical therapists shall protect confidential patientclient information and may disclose confidential information to appropriate authorities only when allowed or as required by law Principle 3 Physical therapists shall be accountable for making sound professional judgments Core Values Excellence Integrity 3A Physical therapists shall demonstrate independent and objective professional judgment in the patientsclients best interest in all practice settings 3B Physical therapists shall demonstrate professional judgment informed by professional standards evidence including current literature and established best practice practitioner experience and patientclient values 3C Physical therapists shall make judgments within their scope of practice and level of expertise and shall communicate with collaborate with or refer to peers or other health care professionals when necessary 3D Physical therapists shall not engage in conflicts of interest that interfere with professional judgment 3E Physical therapists shall provide appropriate direction of and communication with physical therapist assistants and support personnel Principle 4 Physical therapists shall demonstrate integrity in their relationships with patientsclients families colleagues students research participants other health care providers employers payers and the public Core Value Integrity 4A Physical therapists shall provide truthful accurate and relevant information and shall not make misleading representations 4B Physical therapists shall not exploit persons over whom they have supervisory evaluative or other authority eg patientsclients students supervisees research participants or employees 4C Physical therapists shall discourage misconduct by health care professionals and report illegal or unethical acts to the relevant authority when appropriate 4D Physical therapists shall report suspected cases of abuse involving children or vulnerable adults to the appropriate authority subject to law 4E Physical therapists shall not engage in any sexual relationship with any of their patientsclients supervisees or students 4F Physical therapists shall not harass anyone verbally physically emotionally or sexually Principle 5 Physical therapists shall fulfill their legal and professional obligations Core Values Professional Duty Accountability 5A Physical therapists shall comply with applicable local state and federal laws and regulations 5B Physical therapists shall have primary responsibility for supervision of physical therapist assistants and support personnel 5C Physical therapists involved in research shall abide by accepted standards governing protection of research participants 5D Physical therapists shall encourage colleagues with physical psychological or substancerelated impairments that may adversely impact their professional responsibilities to seek assistance or counsel 5E Physical therapists who have knowledge that a colleague is unable to perform their professional responsibilities with reasonable skill and safety shall report this information to the appropriate authority 5F Physical therapists shall provide notice and information about alternatives for obtaining care in the event the physical therapist terminates the provider relationship while the patientclient continues to need physical therapy services Principle 6 Physical therapists shall enhance their expertise through the lifelong acquisition and refinement of knowledge skills abilities and professional behaviors Core Value Excellence 6A Physical therapists shall achieve and maintain professional competence 6B Physical therapists shall take responsibility for their professional development based on critical selfassessment and reflection on changes in physical therapist practice education health care delivery and technology 6C Physical therapists shall evaluate the strength of evidence and applicability of content presented during professional development activities before integrating the content or techniques into practice 6D Physical therapists shall cultivate practice environments that support professional development lifelong learning and excellence Principle 7 Physical therapists shall promote organizational behaviors and business practices that benefit patientsclients and society Core Values Integrity Accountability 7A Physical therapists shall promote practice environments that support autonomous and accountable professional judgments 7B Physical therapists shall seek remuneration as is deserved and reasonable for physical therapist services 7C Physical therapists shall not accept gifts or other considerations that influence or give an appearance of influencing their professional judgment 7D Physical therapists shall fully disclose any financial interest they have in products or services that they recommend to patientsclients 7E Physical therapists shall be aware of charges and shall ensure that documentation and coding for physical therapy services accurately reflect the nature and extent of the services provided 7F Physical therapists shall refrain from employment arrangements or other arrangements that prevent physical therapists from fulfilling professional obligations to patientsclients Principle 8 Physical therapists shall participate in efforts to meet the health needs of people locally nationally or globally Core Value Social Responsibility 8A Physical therapists shall provide pro bono physical therapy services or support organizations that meet the health needs of people who are economically disadvantaged uninsured and underinsured 8B Physical therapists shall advocate to reduce health disparities and health care inequities improve access to health care services and address the health wellness and preventive health care needs of people 8C Physical therapists shall be responsible stewards of health care resources and shall avoid overutilization or underutilization of physical therapy services 8D Physical therapists shall educate members of the public about the benefits of physical therapy and the unique role of the physical therapist Proviso The Code of Ethics as substituted will take effect July 1 2010 to allow for education of APTA members and nonmembers HOD S06090712 Amended HOD S06001223 HOD 06910505HOD 06871117 HOD 06810618 HOD 06780608 HOD 06780607 HOD 06771830 HOD 06771727 Initial HOD 06731324 Standard Reprinted from aptaorg with permission from the American Physical Therapy Association The material is copyrighted and any further reproduction or distribution is prohibited Keywords Patient Care | [
"Physical Therapist",
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http://ethics.npr.org/tag/social-media/ | NPR Ethics Handbook Overview Accuracy Fairness Completeness Honesty Independence Impartiality Transparency Accountability Excellence Respect Putting Principles Into Practice Acknowledgments ' Memmos ' These are the standards of our journalism . These are the standards of our journalism . Facebook Twitter Flipboard Email Our Mission The mission of NPR , in partnership with its member stations , is to create a more informed public , one challenged and invigorated by a deeper understanding and appreciation of events , ideas , and culture within the United States and across the globe . To this end , NPR reports , produces , acquires and distributes news , information and other content that meet the highest standards of public service in journalism and cultural expression . Our Guiding Principles NPR is at its core a news organization . Our news content , whether on the radio , on the web , or in any other form , must attain the highest quality and strengthen our credibility . We take pride in our craft . Our journalism is as accurate , fair and complete as possible . Our journalists conduct their work with honesty and respect , and they strive to be both independent and impartial in their efforts . Our methods are transparent and we will be accountable for all we do . We hold those who serve and influence the public to a high standard when we report about their actions . We must ask no less of ourselves . Journalism is a daily process of painting an ever truer picture of the world . Every step of this process - from reporting to editing to presenting information - may either strengthen or erode the public ' s trust in us . We work hard to be worthy of that trust and to protect it . These principles are intended to guide our journalism , both as it is performed and as it is perceived , to help us earn and keep the confidence of the public . The principles exist not only to answer questions , but more importantly , to raise them . By regularly discussing and debating how these principles apply to our work , we will produce journalism worthy of NPR ' s name and the public we serve . Overview About the handbook Seeking advice and approval Who is covered All NPR journalists should read and follow the guidance in this handbook . Those who work for shows , podcasts and programming that are not part of the News division should understand that these principles also apply to them . Others at NPR whose work touches our journalism and programming or who have " outward - facing " jobs that put them in contact with the public should be familiar with these guidelines . The principles apply to material that comes to NPR from independent producers , member station journalists , outside writers , commentators and visual journalists . Finally click here . Accuracy Our purpose is to pursue the truth . Diligent verification is critical . We take great care to ensure that statements of fact in our journalism are both correct and in context . In our reporting , we rigorously challenge both the claims we encounter and the assumptions we bring . We devote our resources and our skills to presenting the fullest version of the truth we can deliver , placing the highest value on information we have gathered and verified ourselves . Accuracy in our reporting Using information from non - NPR sources Accuracy online Accuracy in visual journalism Fairness To tell the truest story possible , it is essential that we treat those we interview and report on with scrupulous fairness , guided by a spirit of professionalism . 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When we find that we ca n ' t deliver all the answers Telling the full story Completeness in reporting Honesty Journalists who conduct themselves honestly prove themselves worthy of trust . In the course of our work , we are genuine and candid . We attribute information we receive from others , making perfectly clear to our audience what information comes from which source . We avoid hyperbole and sensational conjecture . We may sometimes construct hypotheticals to help explain issues and events , but we reveal any fabrication , and do not otherwise mix fiction with our news reporting . We edit and present information honestly , without deception , and we identify ourselves as NPR journalists when we Honesty in reporting and interviewing Honesty in presenting information Honesty in visual journalism Honesty online Independence To secure the public ' s trust , we must make it clear that our primary allegiance is to the public . 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In all situations , we balance them against one another , striving to honor our mission . This statement is intended not only to serve as a guide , but also to provoke ongoing discussion and deliberation - the keys to any ethical decision - making process . It should both test and strengthen How the handbook applies to you How the handbook will evolve ' Memmos ' : Memmott ' s Missives & Musings Standards & Practices Editor Mark Memmott writes occasional notes about the issues journalists encounter and the way NPR handles them . They often expand on topics covered in the Ethics Handbook . From the Standards & Practices Outbox Special Sections Anonymous sourcing Attribution Diversity Social media Speaking appearances Visual journalism | [
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http://ethiopianrift.igg.cnr.it/rift%20valley%20significance.htm | Rift valley : definition and geologic significance In the original definition by John W . Gregory ( 1894 ) a rift valley is " a linear valley with parallel and almost vertical sides , which has fallen owing to a series of parallel faults " . The typical morphology is characterized by a valley floor , between 30 and 100 km wide , separated from the surrounding plateaus by huge scarps that may vary in height from a few hundreds to a few thousands of meters . Archetype of this morphology is the East African rift valley , where the concept has been originally introduced . In John Gregory ' s 1920 map of the East African rift valley ( click for a larger version ) The rift valleys are enormous fractures affecting the continental plates that widen progressively with time : they represent the first stages in the complex process of extension and rupture of continents and anticipate the development of new oceanic basins between them . The process is related to the divergent movements of lithospheric plates above the underlying asthenosphere in slow convective motion . The rift valley represents the primary and most superficial response to this divergence and to the consequent application of tensional forces to the plates , which is manifested through the development of normal faults . These represent fractures Rift valley development ( click for a larger version ) The development of the rift valleys is thus a consequence of the complex interactions between lithospheric plates and mantle dynamics , in a process that was realized by Alfred Wegener , who hypothesized the translation of large continental masses above a more fluid substratum , and successively formalized in the theory of " plate tectonics " . These complex interactions , their surface expressions ( e.g. , volcanism , seismicity , topography ) and their variation with time - in a process that is eventually able to the break - up of continents - are exemplified in a very clear geologic evolution | [
"Rift valley",
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http://ethnicelebs.com/ali-wong | 1 Actor / Actress W Ali Wong by stlucas September 22 , 2017 Birth Name : Alexandra Dawn Wong Place of Birth : San Francisco , California , United States Date of Birth : April 19 , 1982 Ethnicity : * Chinese ( father ) * Vietnamese ( mother ) Ali Wong is an American actress , stand - up comedian , and writer . Ali is married to Justin Hakuta , the son of inventor / television personality Ken Hakuta . Ali is the daughter of Tam โ Tammy โ T . ( Nguyen ) and Adolphus Alexander Wong . Ali โ s father was an American anesthesiologist , of Chinese descent . Ali โ s mother was born and raised in Huแบฟ , Vietnam . Ali has stated Even though I am half - Vietnamese , I never grew up with any Vietnamese culture . Our house was always filled with Chinese art , Chinese food , Chinese people , Chinese music , and the idea that the Lunar New Year equaled Chinese New Year โ s . My father was and still is a Chinese superiorist . Ali โ s paternal grandparents were Chow Kee Wong and Buu Chi . Chow and Buu were Chinese . Ali โ s maternal grandfather was Thi Nguyen . Thi was Vietnamese . Sources : Birth record of Ali Wong โ http : / / www . familysearch . org Marriage record of Ali โ s parents โ http : / / www . familysearch . org Obituary of Ali โ s father โ http : / / www . legacy . com Photo by kathclick / www . bigstockphoto . com Tags : Chinese Vietnamese Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment . This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed | [
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http://ethnicelebs.com/bruno-mars | Bruno Mars by ethnic September 9 , 2010 Mars in 2011 Birth Name : Peter Gene Hernandez Place of Birth : Honolulu , Hawaii , U.S . Date of Birth : October 8 , 1985 Ethnicity : paternal grandfather โ Puerto Rican , including Spanish / Canary Islander , Catalan , and remote Italian paternal grandmother โ Ashkenazi Jewish mother โ Filipino , including Cebuano , Tagalog , and Spanish [ Castilian ] Bruno Mars is an American singer , songwriter , multi - instrumentalist , record producer , actor , and choreographer . Bruno is the son of Bernadette del Pedro Bayot and Peter S . Hernandez . His paternal grandfather was Puerto Rican . Bruno โ s paternal grandmother was Ashkenazi Jewish ( from a family from Hungary and Ukraine ) . Bruno โ s mother was from Manila , the Phillippines , and was of Filipino [ including Cebuano and Tagalog ] , and some Spanish [ Castilian ] , ancestry . Through his Puerto Rican line , he has 1 / 256th Italian ancestry . Bruno is a second cousin , once removed , of Filipino actor Eddie Gutierrez , and the third cousin of Eddie โ s children , actors Tonton Gutierrez Richard Gutierrez , and Raymond Gutierrez , and model Ruffa Gutierrez . Bruno โ s maternal great - great - grandparents , Mariano Herranz Heras and Mamerta Caรฑizares Secuya , were also Eddie โ s maternal great - grandparents . Bruno โ s paternal grandfather was Peter Hernandez ( the son of Almecio Hernรกndez Aquino and Fabiana Sebastiana Vรกzquez Garcia ) . Bruno โ s grandfather Peter was born in Rรญo Piedras , Puerto Rico . Almecio was born in Trujillo Alto , Puerto Rico , the son of Manuel Hernรกndez Muรฑoz and Mercedes Aquino Hernรกndez . Fabiana was born in Rรญo Piedras , Puerto Rico , the biological daughter of Josรฉ Vรกzquez Romero and Marรญa del Rosario Garcรญa Betancourt , and was adopted by Bernardo Peรฑa Martinez and Rafaela Perosa Gerardez . Bruno โ s paternal grandmother was Mildred Dubov ( the daughter of William Wolf Dubovis / Dubov and Bella Berger ) . William was a Jewish emigrant , from Kiev , and was the son of Sholom Yoseph DuBovis and Malka Weissman . Bella was born in New York City , to Hungarian Jewish parents , Joseph Berger and Louise Wohlberg . Bruno โ s maternal grandfather was Romeo Amando Maria โ Eugene โ Herranz Bayot ( the son of Jesรบs Marรญa Bayot Fuentes and Consolaciรณn โ Consuelo โ Herranz Caรฑizares ) . Romeo was born in Manila , Philippines . Jesรบs was also born in Manila , the son of Gabriel Bayot and Josefa Fuentes . Consolaciรณn was born in Segovia , Spain . Consolaciรณn โ s father , Mariano Herranz Heras , was Spanish , from Nava de la Asunciรณn , Segovia , and Consolaciรณn โ s mother , Mamerta Caรฑizares Secuya ( or Mamerta Secuya Caรฑizares in Filipino ) Bruno โ s maternal grandmother was named Solidad San Pedro . Solidad was Filipino . Bruno Mars at the Grammy Nominations Concert Live , Club Nokia , Los Angeles , CA , 2010 . photo by s_bukley Sources : Megan Smolenyak Smolenyak โ s article about Bruno โ s ancestry , at The Huffington Post โ http : / / www . huffingtonpost . com Genealogy of Bruno Mars โ http : / / www . geni . com Genealogy of Bruno Mars ( focusing on his mother โ s side ) โ http : / / familytreemaker . genealogy . com Marriage information of Bruno โ s maternal great - great - grandparents , Mariano Herranz Heras and Mamerta Caรฑizares Secuya โ https : / / www . familysearch . org Tags : Ashkenazi Jewish Canary Islander Castilian Catalan Cebuano Filipino Hungarian Jewish Italian Jewish Puerto Rican Spanish Spanish - Filipino Spanish - Puerto Rican Tagalog Ukrainian Jewish ethnic Curious about ethnicity | [
"Ethnicity of Celebs",
"Bruno Mars",
"Honolulu , Hawaii"
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http://ethnicelebs.com/demi-moore | Demi Moore by ethnic May 14 , 2010 Moore in 2011 , Helga Esteb / Shutterstock . com Place of Birth : Roswell , New Mexico , U.S . Date of Birth : November 11 , 1962 Ethnicity : English , Scottish Demi Moore is an American actress , model , filmmaker , and songwriter . Demi โ s biological father was Charles Foster Harmon , Sr . , who had left Demi โ s mother , Beverley / Beverly Virginia ( King ) , before Demi was born . Demi was raised by her mother and stepfather , Dan Guynes . Demi has three children with her former husband , actor Bruce Willis , including actress Rumer Willis . Her surname is from her first husband , musician Freddy Moore . Most of Demi โ s recent ancestors were born in the U.S. ( specifically , for the most part , the American South ) , with many of her traceable foreign - born ancestors being English and Scottish . Demi is a follower of Kabbalah . Demi โ s maternal grandfather was William Marshall King ( the son of Edward McDowell โ Mack โ King and Blanche Campbell ) . William was born in Texas . Blanche was the daughter of John Alexander Campbell and Betty LaVelle Carr . Demi โ s maternal grandmother was Elizabeth Marie Metcalf ( the daughter of John Carrol Metcalf and Effie May Graves ) . Elizabeth was born in New Mexico . John was the son of Warner William Metcalf , Jr . and Martha Catherine Gunn . Effie was the daughter of George Aaron Graves and Elizabeth โ Bettie โ Childers . Sources : Genealogies of Demi Moore ( focusing on her mother โ s side ) โ http : / / worldconnect . rootsweb . ancestry . com http : / / gw . geneanet . org Biography of Demi Moore โ http : / / www . thebiographychannel . co . uk Demi โ s maternal grandfather , William Marshall King , on the 1930 U.S. Census โ https : / / www . familysearch . org Demi โ s maternal grandmother , Elizabeth Marie Metcalf , on the 1930 U.S. Census โ https : / / www . familysearch . org Tags : English Scottish ethnic Curious about ethnicity 60 Responses Comments 3 Pingbacks 0 luckystar January 25 , 2019 at 5 : 40 pm She looks Irish and reminds me of Sinรฉad O โ Connor Log in to Reply midori29 September 4 , 2018 at 1 : 17 pm Demi Moore resembles the half white half native american NRA spokeswoman , Dana Loesch and the part mexican singer demi Lovato , Im sure she has Native American dna link https : / / www . pastemagazine . com / articles / 2018 / 02 / breaking - down - each - one - of - the - nra - spokeswomans . html Log in to Reply midori29 September 4 , 2018 at 1 : 18 pm Not to mention her ex husband Bruce Willis married a half Indian half white woman after her , Bruce has a type look that he likes . ยซ Older Comments Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment . This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed | [
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"Roswell , New Mexico , U.S"
] |
http://ethnicelebs.com/ed-helms | 1 Actor / Actress 4 Musician H Ed Helms by follers October 19 , 2012 Helms in 2012 , image via Joe Seer / Bigstock . com Birth Name : Edward Parker Helms Place of Birth : Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . Date of Birth : January 24 , 1974 Ethnicity : English , with smaller amounts ( to varying degrees ) of Scots - Irish / Northern Irish , German , Dutch , and French Ed Helms is an American actor , comedian , and singer . Most of Ed โ s ancestry is English , with smaller amounts of Scots - Irish / Northern Irish , German , Dutch , and French . Ed โ s family has been in the United States for many generations , with much of his ancestry leading to New England of the 1600s . Ed โ s patrilineal line traces back to a William Conner Helme , who was born , c . 1630 , in Exeter , Devonshire , England . Ed โ s paternal grandfather was Nolan Helms ( the son of Joseph Edward Helms and Emma Routon Barrett ) . Nolan was born in Alabama . Joseph was the son of Hosea Helms and Sarah Hendrick / Hendricks . Emma was the daughter of Anderson Joshua Barrett , Jr . and Catherine Frances Routon . Ed โ s paternal grandmother was Bettie Ellen Davis ( the daughter of John Frank Davis and Mary Russell โ Mollie โ Welch Lawrence ) . Bettie was born in Alabama . John was the son of Levi Davis and Penelope Hall . Mary Russell โ Mollie โ Welch was the daughter of James Munford / Mumford Lawrence and Penelope Adaline Bozeman . Ed โ s maternal grandfather was Fitzgerald Sale Parker , Jr . ( the son of Fitzgerald Sale Parker , Sr . and Lucy Irvine Paxton ) . Ed โ s grandfather Fitzgerald was born in Tennessee . Ed โ s great - grandfather Fitzgerald was the son of Linus Parker and Ellen Katherine Burruss . Lucy was the daughter of William Gallatin โ Will โ Paxton and Lucy Irvine Gibbs . Ed โ s maternal grandmother was Frances Helen Jackson ( the daughter of George Pullen Jackson and Inez Emeline Wright ) . Frances was born in Wisconsin . George was the son of George Frederick Jackson and Anna Jane Pullen , both of whom were born in Maine . Inez was the daughter of Walter Harold Wright and Frances Ione Turner , both of whom were both in Wisconsin . Sources : Genealogies of Ed Helms โ http : / / famouskin . com https : / / www . geni . com https : / / wc . rootsweb . com Genealogy of Ed โ s father ( focusing on his own father โ s side ) โ http : / / worldconnect . rootsweb . ancestry . com Genealogy of Ed โ s paternal great - grandmother , Mary Russell โ Mollie โ Welch Lawrence โ http : / / worldconnect . rootsweb . ancestry . com Genealogies of Ed โ s maternal grandfather , Fitzgerald Sale Parker , Jr . ( focusing on his own mother โ s side ) โ Genealogy of Ed โ s maternal great - great - grandmother , Ellen Katherine Burruss โ Ed โ s maternal grandmother , Frances Helen Jackson , on the 1910 U.S. Census โ https : / / familysearch . org Marriage record of Ed โ s maternal great - grandparents , George Pullen Jackson and Inez Emeline Wright โ https : / / familysearch . org Genealogy of Ed โ s maternal great - great - grandmother , Anna Jane Pullen ( focusing on her mother โ s side ) โ Genealogy of Ed โ s maternal great - great - grandfather , Walter Harold Wright โ Genealogy of Ed โ s maternal great - great - grandmother , Frances Ione Turner ( focusing on her mother โ s side ) โ Genealogy of Ed โ s maternal great - great - great - great - grandmother , Emeline Elizabeth Wright โ Genealogy of Ed โ s maternal great - great - great - great - great - great - grandmother , Elizabeth Livingston ( focusing on her own mother โ s side ) โ Tags : Dutch English French German Northern Irish Scots - Irish | [
"Ed Helms",
"actor",
"comedian"
] |
http://ethnicelebs.com/gabby-douglas | 2 Athlete D Gabby Douglas by Sage April 10 , 2016 Birth Name : Gabrielle Christina Victoria Douglas Place of Birth : Virginia Beach , Virginia Date of Birth : December 31 , 1995 Ethnicity : African - American Gabby Douglas is an American artistic gymnast . Gabby is the first African - American woman in history to become the individual all - around Olympic champion . She is also the first American gymnast to win gold in both the individual all - around and team competitions at the same Olympics . Along with Simone Biles , she is one of two American all - around champions to win multiple gold medals in a single Olympic Games . Gabby is the daughter of Natalie Hawkins and Timothy Douglas . Gabby โ s maternal grandfather is the son of Theodore Frank Hawkins and Yniska Josephine Carter . Source : Genealogy of Gabby Douglas โ https : / / www . geni . com Photo by Joe Seer / Bigstock Tags : African American Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment . This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed | [
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http://ethnicelebs.com/john-legend | John Legend by ethnic February 14 , 2014 Legend in 2014 , photo by Prphotos . com Birth Name : John Roger Stephens Place of Birth : Springfield , Ohio , U.S . Date of Birth : December 28 , 1978 Ethnicity : African - American [ including likely Fula Guinea - Bissauan , Mende Sierra Leonean ] , some European John Legend is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actor . John โ s parents , Phyllis Elaine ( Lloyd ) and Ronald Lamar Stephens , were / are both African - American . He studied English with an emphasis on African - American studies at University . He is married to model Chrissy Teigen , with whom he has two children . A picture of John with his wife , child , grandmother , and father can be seen here . A picture of John with his mother can be seen here A DNA test taken by the show Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates , Jr . ( 2012 ) stated that John โ s genetic ancestry is : * 64 % African * 32 % European * 4 % Native American John โ s paternal grandfather was Arthur Benjamin Stephens ( the son of John B . Stephens and Martha Cape ) . Arthur was born in Ohio . John โ s great - grandfather John Stephens was the son of Henry Stephens and Julie . Martha was the daughter of John Kimsey Cape and Antinete . John โ s paternal grandmother is Marjorie Maxine โ Maggie โ Smith ( the daughter of Dennis Wiley Smith and Esther Louise Ryder ) . Marjorie was born in Ohio . Dennis was the son of Sidney Smith and Matilda . Esther was the daughter of James Ryder and Bessie / Bethinia Underwood . John โ s maternal grandfather was Raymond Eugene Lloyd , Sr . ( the son of William / Will Lloyd and Lillie Beatrice Greason / Greeson ) . Raymond was born in Tennessee , and was a Pastor Emeritus . Lillie was born in Tennessee , the daughter of Monroe / Mon Greason / Greeson and Laura Whitfield . John โ s maternal grandmother is Elmira M . Bass ( the daughter of Ralph / Ralf Lewis Bass and Elmira / Elmyra Mack ) . Elmira was born in Ohio . Ralph was the son of Richard Bass and Mary Ella / Ellen Buchannon . John โ s DNA test stated that John โ s patrilineal line likely came from the Fula people in Guinea - Bissau , and that John โ s matrilineal line likely came from the Mende people in Sierra Leone . In his 2014 book based on the series , Finding Your Roots : The Official Companion to the PBS Series , Gates writes on page 266 , โ One analysis of [ John โ s ] admixture indicates that his white ancestors were from southeastern Europe , around Romania , but he also shares genetic material with people living in the United Kingdom , Ireland , and Jamaica . โ LOS ANGELES โ SEP 9 : John Legend at the 2018 Creative Arts Emmy Awards โ Day 2 โ Arrivals at the Microsoft Theater on September 9 , 2018 in Los Angeles , CA photo by kathclick Sources : Genealogies of John Legend โ http : / / www . geni . com http : / / www . wikitree . com Obituary of John โ s maternal grandfather , Raymond Eugene Lloyd , Sr . โ http : / / www . legacy . com John โ s maternal great - grandmother , Lillie Beatrice Greason / Greeson , on the 1910 U.S. Census โ https : / / www . familysearch . org John โ s maternal great - grandfather , Ralph / Ralf Lewis Bass , on the 1900 U.S. Census โ https : / / www . familysearch . org Information about John โ s appearance on Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates , Jr . ( 2012 ) โ http : / / www . yourgeneticgenealogist . com http : / / www . pbs . org Tags : African African American Fula Guinea - Bissauan Mende Sierra Leonean ethnic Curious about ethnicity | [
"John Legend",
"Springfield , Ohio , U.S",
"American singer"
] |
http://ethnicelebs.com/jon-bon-jovi | Jon Bon Jovi by ethnic December 25 , 2007 Birth Name : John Francis Bongiovi , Jr . Place of Birth : Perth Amboy , New Jersey , U.S . Date of Birth : March 2 , 1962 Ethnicity : * 25 % Italian - Sicilian * 25 % Slovak * 25 % Polish * 25 % Swiss - German Jon Bon Jovi is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record producer , and philanthropist . He is a member of the rock band Bon Jovi . The band โ s other members include or previously included David Bryan Richie Sambora , and Tico Torres Jon was born John Francis Bongiovi , Jr . in Perth Amboy , New Jersey , to Carol ( Sharkey ) and John Francis Bongiovi . His cousin , Tony Bongiovi , is a record producer . Jon is married to Dorothea Hurley , with whom he has four children . Jon โ s father โ s ancestry is half Italian - Sicilian and half Slovak . Jon โ s mother โ s ancestry is half Polish and half Swiss - German . Jon was evidently described by Spin magazine as a relative of singer and actor Frank Sinatra . It is not clear , if accurate , what form this relation may take . Jon โ s paternal grandfather was Louis Bongiovi ( the son of Giuseppe / Joseph Bongiovi and Lucia / Louise Arcuri ) . Louis was born in Pennsylvania , to Italian parents . Giuseppe was born in Cianciana , Agrigento , Sicily , Italy , the son of Louis Bongiovi and Annie . Lucia was born in Cattolica Eraclea , also in Agrigento , the daughter of Emanuele Arcuri and Patti Anna . Jon โ s paternal grandmother was Elizabeth M . Benkovsky ( the daughter of Jan Benkovsky and Maria ) . Jon โ s grandmother Elizabeth was born in Pennsylvania , to Slovak parents . Jon โ s maternal grandfather was Michael Raymond Sharkey ( the son of Paul Sharkey and Anna Reherkowitz / Rehercowicz / Regarkewicz / Rehurciewicz / Regarkevitch ) . Michael was born in New York , and raised in Pennsylvania . His parents were ethnic Polish immigrants ( listed as being from Poland , Russia , or Lithuania , depending on the census ) . Michael โ s surname was also spelled as Shirky . Paul was the son of Charley Sharkey and Sophia . Jon โ s maternal grandmother was Martha Wilhelmina Ludwig ( the daughter of Max Ludwig and Helen Evelyn Sohler ) . Martha was born in New York , and was also raised in Pennsylvania . Max was born in Switzerland , of Swiss - German descent , the son of Otto Ludwig and Sussette Schulthess . Helen was born in New York , and was also of Swiss - German descent ; Helen โ s father , John Sohler , was born in Switzerland , and Helen โ s mother , Sophia Richter , was born in New York . Sources : Genealogy of Jon Bon Jovi โ https : / / www . geni . com Genealogy of Jon Bon Jovi ( focusing on his father โ s side ) โ http : / / worldconnect . rootsweb . ancestry . com Jon โ s paternal grandfather , Louis Bongiovi , on the 1920 U.S. Census โ https : / / familysearch . org Jon โ s maternal grandfather , Michael Raymond Sharkey , on the 1930 U.S. Census โ https : / / familysearch . org Jon โ s maternal grandmother , Martha Wilhelmina Ludwig , on the 1930 U.S. Census โ Dylan Armajani / Shutterstock . com Tags : German Italian Polish Sicilian slovak Swiss Swiss - German ethnic Curious about ethnicity | [
"Jon Bon Jovi",
"singer , songwriter , actor"
] |
http://ethnicelebs.com/seth-meyers | 1 Actor / Actress 7 TV Personality M Seth Meyers by follers October 18 , 2012 Meyers in 2011 ; image via kathclick / Bigstock . com Birth Name : Seth Adam Meyers Place of Birth : Evanston , Illinois , U.S . Date of Birth : December 28 , 1973 Ethnicity : * 31.25 % Swedish * 25 % Ashkenazi Jewish * 12.5 % Bohemian / Czech * 12.5 % Croatian * 12.5 % English * 6.25 % German Seth Meyers is an American actor , comedian , television personality , writer , and producer . He has hosted the show Late Night with Seth Meyers since 2014 . Seth is the son of Hilary Claire ( Olson ) and Laurence Meyers , Jr . His brother is actor and comedian Josh Meyers ( Joshua Dylan Meyers ) . Seth โ s paternal grandfather was Jewish ( although Seth does not consider himself Jewish ) . The remainder of Seth โ s ancestry is Bohemian ( Czech ) and Croatian , from Seth โ s paternal grandmother , who was Catholic , and Swedish , English , and German , from Seth โ s mother . Seth has said Growing up , my father - whose father was Jewish - embraced borscht and gefilte fish . My brother and I thought it was disgusting . That is not gateway food if you want your kids to embrace Judaism โฆ Seth is married to human rights lawyer Alexi Ashe ( Alexi was raised Jewish ) . The couple has two children . Seth โ s paternal grandfather was Lawrence Lashe Meyers ( the son of Moses Menachem Trakianski , later Morris โ Mendel โ Meyers , and of Rose / Rosa / Rosie Cohen ) . Seth โ s grandfather Lawrence was born in Pennsylvania , to Jewish emigrants from central and eastern Europe . Moses likely was born in Brazavas , Trakenal Estate , Kalvarija , Marijampoles , Lithuania . He was the son of Mejer / Myer / Maier Trakianski and Gittel / Gertrude โ Gusty โ Schmidt . Rose was the daughter of Simon Cohen and Fruma . Seth Seth โ s paternal grandmother was Barbara Marcheck ( the daughter of Stanislaus โ Stanley โ Marcheck and Anna Maganaw ) . Barbara was born in Pennsylvania . Stanislaus was of Bohemian ( Czech ) ancestry , and was the son of Joannis Maracek and Anna Detka . Seth โ s great - grandmother Anna Maganaw was Croatian . Seth โ s maternal grandfather was Lawrence Edward Olson ( the son of Elmer C . Olson and Anna ) . Lawrence was born in Illinois , of Swedish descent . Seth โ s maternal grandmother was Adelaide Jeanette Whetham ( the daughter of Frederick / Fred Good Whetham and Anna Marie Gung Leslie ) . Adelaide was born in Missouri . Frederick was born in England , and was the son of Stephen Whetham and Adelaide Jane Good . Anna had a German father and a Swedish mother . Sources : Genealogy of Seth Meyers ( focusing on his father โ s side ) โ https : / / www . geni . com Wedding record of Seth โ s paternal grandparents , Lawrence Lashe Meyers and Barbara Marcheck โ https : / / familysearch . org Obituary of Seth โ s paternal grandfather , Lawrence Lashe Meyers โ http : / / pjn . library . cmu . edu Seth โ s paternal grandmother , Barbara Marcheck , on the 1920 U.S. Census โ https : / / familysearch . org Obituary of Seth โ s maternal grandmother , Adelaide Jeanette ( Whetham ) Osborne โ http : / / www . boston . com Tags : Ashkenazi Jewish Austrian Jewish Bohemian Croatian Czech English German Jewish Lithuanian Jewish Swedish 7 Responses Comments 1 Pingbacks 0 pookerella February 22 , 2019 at 2 : 29 pm Seth โ s paternal namesake great great grandparents were born in Lithuania , not Austria . Log in to Reply ยซ Older Comments Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment . This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed | [
"Seth Meyers",
"American actor",
"television personality"
] |
http://ethnicelebs.com/tristin-mays | Tristin Mays by vanity66 January 13 , 2014 Place of Birth : New Orleans , Louisiana , U.S . Date of Birth : June 10 , 1990 Ethnicity : Creole ( African , French , Native American ) Tristin Mays is an American actress and singer . She has appeared in a number of television series , most notably as Shaina in the Nickelodeon series Gullah Gullah Island , and as Robin Dixon , the daughter of Marcus Dixon , Carl Lumbly โ s character , in Alias She has said โ I โ m African American - French - Indian . Creole โ . Tristin โ s paternal grandfather was Elroy Stanley Mays ( the son of Cyrus Mays / May and Annie Mae Allen ) . Cyrus was the son of Tony / Toney Mays / May and Laura Banks or Wiggins . Tristin โ s paternal grandmother was Nellreen โ Nellie โ Orebo ( the daughter of Leonard Orebo / Auribeough and Eva Denise Jordan ) . Nellreen was Creole . Leonard was the son of Cleophas Orebo / Auribeough and Marie / Mary Collins . Sources : Tristin โ s paternal grandfather , Elroy Stanley Mays , on the 1920 U.S. Census โ https : / / familysearch . org Obituary of Tristin โ s paternal grandfather , Elroy Stanley Mays โ http : / / www . legacy . com Marriage record of Tristin โ s paternal great - grandparents , Cyrus Mays / May and Annie Mae Allen โ https : / / familysearch . org Tristin โ s paternal great - grandfather , Cyrus Mays / May , on the 1900 U.S. Census โ Marriage record of Tristin โ s paternal great - great - grandparents , Tony / Toney Mays / May and Laura Banks or Wiggins โ Genealogy of Tristin โ s paternal grandmother , Nellreen โ Nellie โ Orebo ( through Nellreen โ s sister ) โ Tristin โ s paternal grandmother , Nellreen โ Nellie โ Orebo , on the 1930 U.S. Census โ Obituary of Tristin โ s paternal grandmother , Nellreen โ Nellie โ ( Orebo ) Mays โ http : / / www . legacy . com Tristin โ s paternal great - grandfather , Leonard Orebo / Auribeough , on the 1900 U.S. Census โ Death record of Tristin โ s paternal great - great - grandmother , Marie / Mary ( Collins ) Orebo / Auribeough โ Photo by PrPhotos Tags : African African American Creole French Native American | [
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http://ethnicelebs.com/vanna-white | 1 ActorActress 7 TV Personality W Vanna White by madman February 2 2016 Birth Name Vanna Marie Rosich Place of Birth North Myrtle Beach South Carolina US Date of Birth February 18 1957 Ethnicity Puerto Rican Spanish possibly other biological father unclear mother Vanna White is an American actress and television personality She is the hostess of the television game show Wheel of Fortune Vanna is the daughter of Miguel Angel Garcรญa Rosich and Joan Marie Nichols White Miguel left the family when Vanna was still a child Vanna was eventually adopted by her stepfather Herbert Stackley White Jr Vannas father was born in Ponce Puerto Rico with Spanish ancestry Vannas mother is from the continental United States Vanna is often described as also having Croatian English Italian German and Greek ancestry It is not clear if this is all accurate It appears that Vannas mother was adopted Vanna is often described as the niece of actor Christopher George who was of Greek descent Vanna has clarified the matter saying he wasnt a blood brother of my mother but my mother grew up with his family Years later in LA he and his wife took me under their wing Vannas biological paternal grandparents were Carlos Miguel Benigne Tomรกs Rosich Y Pasarell the son of Josรฉ Rosich Y Alomar and Eudoxia Pasarell Y Torres and Gloria Maria Garcรญa Josรฉ was born in Puerto Rico to Spanish parents According to a rumor one of Vannas ancestors with the surname Barnes was one of the first mayors of Ponce Puerto Rico Sources Genealogy of Vanna White httpswwwgenicom Genealogy of Vannas father httpsfamilysearchorg Vannas father on the 1940 US Census httpsfamilysearchorg Genealogy of Vannas paternal grandfather Carlos Miguel BenigneBenigno Tomรกs Rosich Y Pasarell httpswwwancestrycouk Birth record of Vannas paternal grandfather Carlos Miguel Benigne Tomรกs Rosich Y Pasarell httpsfamilysearchorg Vannas paternal grandfather Carlos Miguel Benigne Tomรกs Rosich Y Pasarell on the 1910 US Census httpsfamilysearchorg Carlos Miguel Benigne Tomรกs Rosich Y Pasarell on the 1920 US Census httpsfamilysearchorg Carlos Miguel Benigne Tomรกs Rosich Y Pasarell on the 1930 US Census httpsfamilysearchorg Vannas mother on the 1940 US Census httpsfamilysearchorg Photo by Prphotoscom Celebs with similar background Jennifer Lopez La La Anthony Walter Mercado Mariana Vicente Shalim Ortiz Tags Puerto Rican Spanish SpanishPuerto Rican 10 Responses Comments 10 Pingbacks 0 madman May 17 2017 at 837 am Change her ethnicity to Puerto Rican Spanish possibly other biological father uncear mother I saw that I wrote some of the Spanish names a little wrong and some birth places as well So Vannas biological paternal grandparents were Carlos Miguel Benigne Tomรกs Rosich Y Pasarell the son of Josรฉ Rosich Y Alomar and Eudoxia Pasarell Y Torres and Gloria Maria Garcรญa Josรฉ was born in Puerto Rico to Spanish parents According to a rumor one of Vannas ancestors with the surname Barnes was one of the first mayors of Ponce Puerto Rico Since the Rosich line has been traced back to Spain I dont know if Croatian should be mentioned The name seems to be prevalent in Spain so Croatian is likely just a rumour httpforebearsiosurnamesrosich Sources Genealogy of Vanna White focusing on her mothers side httpswwwgenicompeopleVannaWhite6000000029717231690 Father httpsfamilysearchorgark6190311KFJBY57 Paternal grandfather httpsfamilysearchorgark6190311VW2M73K httpsfamilysearchorgark6190311X9WH69L httpsfamilysearchorgark6190311V6ZDRCB Genealogy of paternal grandfather httpswwwancestrycoukgenealogyrecordscarlosmrosich_28444953 bablah May 17 2017 at 958 am I agree that Croatian should be removed since its uncertain but you cant look for nonenglish last names using english ortography See here httpforebearsiosurnamesrosiC487 madman May 17 2017 at 1151 am I searched for Rosich because thats how the name is spelled We dont know if it was changed from Rosiฤ or not only that there are Spanish people named Rosich bablah May 17 2017 at 229 pm I am not talking abot Vannas case in particular but you claimed that a certain last name was nonexistant somewhere because its spelled differently Im just saying that it could lead you to a wrong conclusion andrew May 17 2017 at 413 pm Rosich surname sounds Catalan madman April 2 2016 at 229 pm Vannas mother appears to have been adopted so she could simply have unknown as her mothers ethnicity She was adopted by Luther Romain Nicholas and Albertene Teenie Kimble Vannas mother Joan Nicholas on the 1940 US Census httpsfamilysearchorgark6190311K4DJ8XR follers April 2 2016 at 237 pm How do you know thats her mother on the census madman April 2 2016 at 410 pm Her maternal grandparents are now in her genealogy httpswwwgenicompeopleLutherNicholas6000000040148466072from_flash1fsession_id1459638598954through6000000029717231690 httpswwwgenicompeopleAlberteneNicholas6000000040148738835 madman March 30 2016 at 528 am Add biological before father since she was raised by her stepfather fuzzybear44 February 3 2016 at 914 am Vanna White is PR didnt see that one Log in to Reply Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment This site uses Akismet to reduce spam Learn how your comment data is processed | [
"Vanna White",
"American actress",
"Wheel of Fortune"
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http://ethnicelebs.com/will-arnett | 1 ActorActress A Will Arnett by follers September 17 2012 Birth Name William Emerson Arnett Place of Birth Toronto Ontario Canada Date of Birth May 4 1970 Ethnicity English some Scottish small amounts of Irish Dutch and French Will Arnett is a Canadianborn actor and comedian who is also a US citizen He is the son of Edith and Emerson James Arnett who was president and CEO of Molson Breweries from 1997 to 2000 Some of his ancestors were American Will has two children with his former wife American actress and comedian Amy Poehler Wills paternal grandfather was Emerson Lloyd Arnett the son of Jonathan Hughes Arnett and Laura Vivian BelvadereBelvedere Todd Emerson was born in Manitoba Jonathan was the son of Lewis Arnett and Angelina Hughes Laura was the daughter of Hugh Wilson Todd Jr and Amelia Berenice Gokey Wills paternal grandmother was Elsie Audrey Rhind the daughter of Frederick Rhind and Margaret Eleanor Newcombe Elsie was born in Manitoba Frederick was the son of William Rhind who was born in Elgin Moray Scotland and of Susan Green Margaret was the daughter of Charles Henry Newcombe and Caroline Ann Glawson Wills maternal grandfather was William Lawrence Palk the son of Lawrence Frederick Betts Palk and Janet Margaret AndrewAndews Wills greatgrandfather Lawrence was the son of John Palk and Anna Bella Maclean Wills maternal grandmother was Eileen Marion Denison the daughter of Alexander Latimer Denison and Edith Frances Daly Alexander was the son of Edwin Oliver Denison and Mary Latimer Edith was the daughter of Denis Edwin Bowes Daly and Flora Harriet Brownjohn Sources Genealogies of Will Arnett httpworldconnectrootswebancestrycom httpswwwgenicom Photo by Joe Seer Bigstockcom Celebs with similar background Dan Aykroyd Peter Aykroyd Noah Atwood Kane Atwood Robbie Amell Tags Dutch English French Irish Scottish Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment This site uses Akismet to reduce spam Learn how your comment data is processed | [
"Will Arnett"
] |
http://etissue.weebly.com/types-of-epithelial-tissue.html | Synopsis Types of Epithelial Tissue Why is Epithelial Tissue Important ? ! Test What You Know ! Work Cited The Many Types of Epithelial Tissue Epithelial tissue can be divided into two different groups ( depending on the number of layers ) : One " cell " thick is the simple epithelium & Two or more " cells " thick is call stratified epithelium . 1 . Squamous Squamous cells have of thin , flat plates ! ! Squamous cells tend to have horizontall flattened elliptical " nuclui because of the thin flattened form of the cell . They form the lining of cavities such as the mouth , blood vessels , heart and lungs and make up the outer layers of the skin . 2 . Simple Cuboidal Cuboidal epithelium is found in glands and in the lining of the kidney tubules . They also contribute to the germinal epithelium which produces the egg cells in the female ovary and the sperm cells in the male testes 3 . Simple Columnar Columnar epithelium forms the lining of the stomach and intestines . Some columnar cells are specialised for sensory such as in the nose , ears and the taste buds of the tongue 4 . Glandular Columnar epithelium with goblet cells is called glandular epithelium . Columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells often become specialised in being capable of secreting certain substances such as enzymes , hormones , milk , mucus , sweat , wax and saliva 5 . Ciliated Columnar These are simple columnar epithelial cells . They posses fine hair - like outgrowths , cilia on their free surfaces . The movement of the cilia in a certain direction causes the mucus , which is secreted by the goblet cells , to move in that direction . Ciliated epithelium is usually found in the air passages like the nose . It is also found in the uterus and Fallopian tubes of females . 6 . Stratified Where body linings have to withstand wear and tear . The top cells are flat and scaly . The lining of the mouth cavity is an example of an unkeratinisied stratified epithelium | [
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http://etraintoday.com/course-catalog/osha-training/confined-space-training/ | e - Training Inc . Home Group Enrollment Course Catalog Classroom Training About Us HAZWOPER OSHA Training Competent Person Series Crane Safety National Electrical Code General Safety $ 20.00 Enroll Now Confined Space Do you work in or around confined spaces ? If so , our brand new Confined Space Entry Training course is what you need . This course will show you how to work in a confined space environment to maximize safety for you and those around you , as well as certify you under the OSHA Confined Space standard 29 CFR 1910.146 . From OSHA : Many workplaces contain spaces that are considered โ confined โ because their configurations hinder the activities of employees who must enter , work in , and exit them . A confined space has limited or restricted means for entry or exit , and it is not designed for continuous employee occupancy . Confined spaces include , but are not limited to underground vaults , tanks , storage bins , manholes , pits , silos , process vessels , and pipelines . OSHA uses the term โ permit - required confined space โ ( permit space ) to describe a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics : contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere ; contains a material that has the potential to engulf an entrant ; has walls that converge inward or floors that slope downward and taper into a smaller area which could trap or asphyxiate an entrant ; or contains any other recognized safety or health hazard , such as unguarded machinery , exposed live wires , or heat stress . The overall objective of this training is to protect those entering or working around a confined space . In this course you will learn the physical , chemical , and biological principles related to safe working with confined spaces . Looking for a more in depth course ? We also offer an 8 hour Confined Space Supervisor Course . Also , if you are looking for training on the new OSHA Confined Space Construction standard added in 2015 , you can find training we offer on that here I really appreciated this course . It is informative and with illustrations . The video part added more color to enhance the understanding of the subject matter . The training reveals to me things I was doing wrong in the past . It also put me in the right direction as I can work in confined space safely . Sylvanus O . I really found that the courses were very informational and accomplished exactly what I wanted . All of the information in the training was factual which is what I appreciate . Safety should be about facts and not opinions . Well done on the courses , do n โ t change a thing . Jeremy Hobson We found your Confined Space course very informative and helpful and look forward to utilizing your services for all of our future training . Thank you for providing a great service to our company . Justin Childress - Project Manager The Confined Space course was very helpful . Easy to follow and taught you what you need to know . Pictures and the narrater are extremely helpful . I would definitely recommend your site to others . Eric Dickerson I found this course a great help , getting to know the right way to enter a confined space , as well as our responsibilities . It was great to be able to do it online and I found a lot of useful information throughout the course . Joe Maher Who Should Take This Course ? Any worker who may potentially need to work in a confined space as described above , will need to have some form of confined space training , depending on the level of work needed . This course is approximately 2 hours in length . Examples of workers who may need confined space training include firefighters , construction workers , maintenance technicians , building engineers , lab technicians , welders , pipeline workers , HVAC technicians , emergency response personnel , and many more . Topics Covered Identifying Confined Space Proper Equipment Hazard Training Permit Required Confined Space Program Personnel Responsibilities Procedures OSHA Requirements Rescue and Emergency Services $ 20.00 Enroll Now Preview Course Browse Courses | [
"Confined Space",
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http://etutorials.org/Networking/network+management/Part+I+Data+Collection+and+Methodology+Standards/Chapter+3.+Accounting+and+Performance+Standards+and+Definitions/Architectural+and+Framework+Standards+The+TMN+FCAPS+Model+ITU-T/ | Architectural and Framework Standards : The TMN / FCAPS Model ( ITU - T ) The ITU - T introduced the term Telecommunications Management Network ( TMN ) to describe a separate network that has interfaces to the telecommunication network ( or production network ) . TMN defines interconnection points between the two networks and specifies management functionalities . The best description of how to operate a TMN is defined by the ITU - T recommendations M . 3010 , M . 3400 , and X . 700 . The purpose of a framework is to describe the big picture , illustrate different functional areas , and identify how they interoperate . The focus of ITU - T M . 3400 and X . 700 is the specification and classification of management functionalities only . For example , it does not define whether syslog or trap messages are mandatory for event notifications . Neither does it define specific formats for storing accounting records . These details are defined in the lower - level specifications standards . In addition to the framework of M . 3400 , another recommendation ( Figure 3 - 1 . TMN and Telecommunications Networks [ View full size image ] Another relevant aspect of M . 3010 is the concept of layers . Network management tasks are grouped into functional areas such as FCAPS . In addition , a logical layered architecture ( LLA ) consists of five management layers : Network Element Layer ( NEL ) defines interfaces for the network elements , instantiating functions for device instrumentation , ideally covering all FCAPS areas . Element Management Layer ( EML ) provides management functions for network elements on an individual or group basis . It also supports an abstraction of the functions provided by the network element layer . Examples include determining equipment errors , measuring device temperatures , collecting statistical data for accounting purposes , and logging event notifications and performance statistics . Network Management Layer ( NML ) offers a holistic view of the network , between multiple pieces of equipment and independent of device types and vendors . It manages a network as supported by the element management layer . Examples include end - to - end network utilization reports , root cause analysis , and traffic engineering . Service Management Layer ( SML ) is concerned with , and responsible for , the contractual aspects of services that are being provided to customers . The main functions of this layer are service creation , order handling , service implementation , service monitoring , complaint handling , and invoicing . Examples include QoS management ( delay , loss , jitter ) , accounting per service ( VPN ) , and SLA monitoring and notification . Business Management Layer ( BML ) is responsible for the total enterprise . Business management can be considered a goal - setting approach : " What are the objectives , and how can the network ( and network management specifically ) help achieve them ? " Figure 3 - 2 shows the relationship between the different layers as well as the relationship with the FCAPS model . Each management layer is responsible for providing the appropriate FCAPS functionality according to the layer definition . Each layer communicates with the layers above and below it . Figure 3 - 2 . ITU - T M . 3010 : TMN Logical Layer Architecture Now that the different layers of the TMN model have been identified , the functionality of each FCAPS area is described next . The TMN architecture has a strong relationship to Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI ) standards and frameworks . ISO 7498 - 4 defines the framework , concepts , and terminology of the OSI Management standards : " Information Processing Systems - OSI - Basic Reference Model - Part 4 : Management Framework . " The ITU - T M . 3400 recommendation is one document within the M series . It specifies five management functional areas ( FCAPS ) : Fault management โ Detect , isolate , notify , and correct faults encountered in the network . Configuration management โ Configure aspects of network devices , such as configuration file management , inventory management , and software management . Accounting management โ Collect usage information of network resources . Performance management โ Monitor and measure various aspects of performance so that overall performance can be maintained at a defined level . Security management โ Secure access to network devices , network resources , and services to authorized individuals . The following section provides more details about each area . This chapter covers the FCAPS model extensively , because it sets the foundation for network management in general and provides a good understanding of accounting and performance management and their potential relationship to each other . Therefore , not only the accounting and performance parts of FCAPS are addressed , but the full model . Afterwards , other standards are discussed solely based on their specific relationship to accounting and performance management . Also , note that there is not an exact match between the brief FCAPS summary in Chapter Fault Management Fault management is a set of functions that enable the detection , isolation , and correction of abnormal operation of the telecommunication network . The quality assurance measurements for fault management include component measurements for Reliability , Availability , and Survivability ( RAS ) . Fault management consists of the following functions : RAS quality assurance establishes the reliability criteria that guide the design policy for redundant equipment ( a responsibility of configuration management ) and the policies of the other function groups in this area . Alarm surveillance describes the capability to monitor network element failures in near - real time . Fault localization describes where the initial failure information is insufficient for fault localization . It has to be augmented with information obtained by additional failure localization routines at the application level . Fault correction transfers data concerning the repair of a fault and the control of procedures that use redundant resources to replace equipment or facilities that have failed . Testing can be carried out in two ways . In one case , a network element analyzes equipment functions , where processing is executed entirely within the network element . Another method is active testing of external device components , such as circuits , links , and neighbor devices . Trouble administration transfers trouble reports originated by customers and trouble tickets originated by proactive failure - detection checks . It supports action to investigate and clear the problem and provides access to the status of services and the progress in clearing each problem . Configuration Management Configuration management provides functions to identify , collect configuration data from , exercise control over , and provide configuration data to network elements . Configuration management supports the following functions : Installing the physical equipment and logical configurations . Service planning and negotiation , which addresses planning for the introduction of new services , changing deployed service features , and disconnecting existing services . Provisioning , which consists of necessary procedures to bring equipment into service but does not include installation . As soon as the unit is ready for service , the supporting programs are initialized via the TMN . The state of the unit ( in service , out of service , standby , or reserved ) and selected parameters may also be controlled by provisioning functions . Status and control where the TMN provides the capability to monitor and control certain aspects of the network element ( NE ) on demand . Examples include checking or changing an NE ' s service state ( in service , out of service , or standby ) or the state of one of its subparts and initiating diagnostic tests within the NE . Normally , a status check is provided in conjunction with each control function to verify that the resulting action has taken place . When associated with failure conditions , these functions are corrective in nature ( such Network planning and engineering deals with functions associated with determining the need for growth in capacity and the introduction of new technologies . Planning and engineering are examples of functions across multiple areas , because they relate to the performance section from a monitoring perspective and to the configuration section from an enforcement perspective . Accounting Management Accounting management lets you measure the use of network services and determine costs to the service provider and charges to the customer for such use . It also supports the determination of charges for services . Accounting management includes the following functions : Usage measurement โ Consists of the following subfunctions : - Planning and management of the usage measurement process - Network and service usage aggregation , correlation , and validation - Usage distribution - Usage surveillance - Usage testing and error correction - Measurement rules identification - Usage short - term and long - term storage - Usage accumulation and validation - Administration of usage data collection - Usage generation Tariffing and pricing โ A tariff is used to determine the amount of payment for services usage . Collections and finance โ Functionality for administering customer accounts , informing customers of balances and payment dates , and receiving payments . Enterprise control โ This group supports the enterprise ' s financial responsibilities , such as budgeting , auditing , and profitability analysis . Performance Management Performance management provides functions to evaluate and report on the behavior of telecommunication equipment and the effectiveness of the network or network element . Its role is to gather and analyze statistical data for the purpose of monitoring and correcting the behavior and effectiveness of the network , network elements , or other equipment , and to aid in planning , provisioning , maintenance , and quality measurement . Performance management includes the following functions : Performance quality assurance โ Includes quality measurements , such as performance goals and assessment functions . Performance monitoring โ This component involves the continuous collection of data concerning the performance of the network element . Acute fault conditions are detected by alarm surveillance methods . Very low rate or intermittent error conditions in multiple equipment units may interact , resulting in poor service quality , and may not be detected by alarm surveillance . Performance monitoring is designed to measure the overall quality , using monitored parameters to detect such degradation . It may also be designed to detect characteristic patterns of impairment before the quality has dropped below an acceptable level . Performance monitoring includes the following functions - Performance monitoring policy - Network performance monitoring event correlation and filtering - Data aggregation and trending - Circuit - specific data collection - Traffic status - Threshold crossing alert processing - Trend analysis - Performance monitoring data accumulation - Detection , counting , storage , and reporting Performance management control โ This group includes the setting of thresholds and data analysis algorithms and the collection of performance data . It has no direct effect on the managed network . For network traffic management and engineering , this includes functions that affect the routing and processing of traffic . Performance analysis โ The collected performance records may require additional processing and analysis to evaluate the entity ' s performance level . Therefore , performance analysis includes the following functions : - Recommendations for performance improvement - Exception threshold policy - Traffic forecasting ( trending ) - Performance summaries ( per network and service , and traffic - specific ) - Exception analysis ( per network and service , and traffic - specific ) - Capacity analysis ( per network and service , and traffic - specific ) - Performance characterization Security Management Security is required for all functional areas . Security management consists of two main functions : Security services for communications provide authentication , access control , data confidentiality , data integrity , and nonrepudiation . These may be exercised in the course of any communications between systems and between users or customers and systems . In addition , a set of pervasive security mechanisms are defined that are applicable to any communication , such as event detection , security audit - trail management , and security recovery . Security event detection and reporting reports activities that may be construed as a security violation ( unauthorized user , physical tampering with equipment ) on higher layers of security applications . Security management includes the following functions : Prevention Detection Containment and recovery Security administration The TMN Framework The framework shown in Figure 3 - 3 brings it all together . The different logical layers sit on top of each other ; each layer is responsible for implementing the FCAPS functionality and passes the collected information to the next layer . From a customer ' s applicability perspective , after identifying and prioritizing the requirements , you can map various network management products to this matrix and identify what is required to meet your needs . Figure 3 - 3 . TMN Management Layers and FCAPS [ View full size image ] From the perspective of this book , relevant layers of the TMN architecture are the Network Element Layer ( NEL ) ; the Element Management Layer ( EML ) , related to similar device types ; the Network Management Layer ( NML ) , related to mediation ; and the Service Management Layer ( SML ) , related to service monitoring and accounting . The Business Management Layer ( BML ) is outside the scope of this book . If you ' re interested , you ' re encouraged to study the ITU - T M series for more details Note that the FCAPS model describes the conceptual model of functional areas ; it does not define accounting and performance standards for data collection . Therefore , a second level of standards is required for data collection . At the network element layer , it can be SNMP or IPFIX . IPDR is appropriate at the Element Management Layer . | [
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http://eugeniekitchen.com/microwave-chocolate-chip-cooki/ | 1 - Minute Microwave Chocolate Chip Cookie in Mug โ Eggless Recipe August 27 , 2013 37.8k 1.1k 1 - minute microwave chocolate chip cookie is an ultimate comfort food in a snap . This quick and easy individual chocolate chip cookie will be ready in a few minutes with small amount of a few ingredients . It โ s an eggless and leavening agent - free cookie - in - mug . Do you prefer oven - baking ? I also have oven baking option . 1 - Minute Microwave Chocolate Chip Cookie Let โ s dig in . First , mix light brown sugar and melted unsalted butter . Stir in milk and vanilla . Finally stir in flour . Then chocolate chips . Make sure to use delicious premium chocolate Prepare microwaving by shaping cookie with a spatula or a spoon . This recipe is just for 1 cookie . Zap . It takes about 1 minute for me with a 700W microwave oven . But check out your oven โ s wattage and power and adjust the cooking time accordingly . After 20 minutes the cookie โ s still warm , so you can eat with a fork and a knife . And when completely cooled , the cookie should be firm enough like the cookie in the video above : โ Look at the center , it โ s cooked , it โ s not burnt . This is okay . โ This super quick and easy microwave chocolate chip cookie is a delicious treat only for yourself . Enjoy ! 1 - Minute Microwave Chocolate Chip Cookie in Mug - Eggless Recipe Print Prep time 4 mins Cook time 1 min Total time 5 mins Author : Eugenie Serves : 1 large cookie Ingredients 1 tablespoon unsalted butter , melted 2 tablespoons light brown sugar โ
teaspoon pure vanilla extract A pinch of salt 2 teaspoons whole milk 3 tablespoons of all - purpose flour 2 tablespoons semi - sweet chocolate chips Instructions In a cup add in light brown sugar and melted unsalted butter and whisk to combine . Then add in pure vanilla extract , a pinch of salt , and whole milk and stir to combine . Add all - purpose flour in ( 1 ) and fold until homogeneous . Finally fold in semi - sweet chocolate chips . Also dark or special dark chocolate chips are wonderful for this recipe . Transfer to a microwavable plate and form one big round cookie . For successful microwaving , the center should be thicker than the edges . Now microwave the cookie for 30 seconds at 700W . And again microwave for 20 seconds . Finally microwave for 10 seconds . The power of individual microwave oven varies , so take a look and stop microwaving when the center is set and the edges look still uncooked . The cookie should continue being cooked and get firmer out of the microwave oven . Notes Just another idea . Out of microwave oven when the brownie is still hot , spread peanut butter or Nutella on top . And let it melt and serve . This can be also baked in the oven preheated to 350 ยฐ s F . ( 180 ยฐ C . ) for about 25 minutes , or until inserted wooden stick comes out clean . And also it ' s advisable to reduce the amount of cocoa since it ' s rather bitter when baked in oven . 37.8k 1.1k 0 Filed Under : American Chocolate Microwave Recipes Recipes | [
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http://eugeniekitchen.com/mocha-frappuccino/ | Starbucks Mocha Frappuccino at Home [ Copycat Recipe ] May 28 , 2014 197.4k 1.9k Forget about heading to Starbucks for coffee fix and make your own mocha Frappuccino at home ! Today I โ m making homemade Starbucks mocha Frappuccino . This is a copycat clone , not Starbucks โ proprietary recipe . Save time , money , and most importantly yourself with a cup of homemade Frappuccino . Does it take 1 minute to make this ? First , add in the ice in a blender . Then pour in coffee , milk , sugar , and chocolate syrup . Blend . A heavy duty blender or ice blender would be perfect for ice blending . Serve with whipped cream and additional chocolate syrup . This is an easy homemade Starbucks mocha Frappuccino . Totally refreshing icy drink for any hot summer day . Quick , easy , and delicious ! How To Make Starbucks Mocha Frappuccino at Home [ Copycat Recipe ] Print Prep time 5 mins Total time 5 mins Author : Eugenie Serves : 1 Ingredients 2 shots espresso , chilled ( or 80ml strongly brewed coffee ) โ
cup milk ( 80ml ) 1 tablespoon granulated sugar ( 8.3g ) 1 cup ice cubes , large 2 tablespoons chocolate syrup ( 30ml ) To serve : Whipped cream , Chocolate syrup Instructions In a blender , add 1 cup of ice cubes , and add โ
cup of chilled espresso . Today I used Nespresso Roma capsules but strongly brewed coffee works as well . Just make sure your coffee is chilled . Add in โ
cup of milk ( any milk you want : full - fat , low - fat , soy milk , etc ) , 1 tablespoon of granulated sugar , and 2 tablespoons of chocolate syrup . Blend for about 30 seconds , or until smooth . 197.4k 1.9k 0 Filed Under : Coffee Recipes Drinks Recipes Seasonal - Summer Recipes Starbucks at Home Starbucks Copycat | [
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http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/summaries.html | Summaries of EU Legislation Advanced search in summaries Recently published Glossary of summaries Summaries of EU Legislation The Summaries of EU legislation inform on the main aspects of the European legislation , policies and activities in a clear , easy - to - read and concise way . These Summaries are intended for a general , non - specialized audience and cover 32 topics corresponding to the activities of the European Union . Summaries by topic Agriculture Audiovisual and media Budget Competition Consumers Culture Customs Development Economic and monetary affairs Education , training , youth , sport Employment and social policy Energy Enlargement Enterprise Environment and climate change External relations External trade Fight against fraud Food safety Foreign and security policy Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Human rights Information society Institutional affairs Internal market Justice , freedom and security Maritime Affairs And Fisheries Public Health Regional policy Research and innovation Taxation Transport | [
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http://eur.fxexchangerate.com/usd/95-currency-rates.html | 95 ( EUR ) Euro ( EUR ) To United States Dollar ( USD ) Euro ( EUR ) To United States Dollar ( USD ) This is the page of Euro ( EUR ) to United States Dollar ( USD ) conversion , below you can find the latest exchange rate between them and is updated every 1 minutes . It shows the exchange rate of the two currencies conversion . It also shows the history chart of this currency pairs , by choosing the time period you can get more detailed information . Would you like to invert the currencies pairs ? Please visit United States Dollar ( USD ) To Euro ( EUR ) 95 EUR = 107.33578 USD Convert United States Dollar To Euro Exchange Rates Updated : Apr 16 , 2019 13 : 18 UTC Full history please visit EUR / USD History Convert Euro ( EUR ) To United States Dollar ( USD ) EUR USD EUR USD 1 EUR = 1.12985 USD 0.88507 EUR = 1 USD 2 EUR = 2.2597 USD 1.77015 EUR = 2 USD 5 EUR = 5.64925 USD 4.42537 EUR = 5 USD 10 EUR = 11.2985 USD 8.85073 EUR = 10 USD 15 EUR = 16.94775 USD 13.2761 EUR = 15 USD 20 EUR = 22.59701 USD 17.70146 EUR = 20 USD 25 EUR = 28.24626 USD 22.12683 EUR = 25 USD 50 EUR = 56.49252 USD 44.25365 EUR = 50 USD History Sunday 07 / 04 / 2019 - Tuesday 16 / 04 / 2019 Date Euro United States Dollar Tuesday 16 / 04 / 2019 95 EUR = 107.38528 USD Monday 15 / 04 / 2019 95 EUR = 107.38225 USD Sunday 14 / 04 / 2019 107.39293 USD Saturday 13 / 04 / 2019 107.5354 USD Friday 12 / 04 / 2019 107.5354 USD Thursday 11 / 04 / 2019 106.98379 USD Wednesday 10 / 04 / 2019 107.13158 USD Tuesday 09 / 04 / 2019 107.03562 USD Monday 08 / 04 / 2019 106.93502 USD Sunday 07 / 04 / 2019 106.54823 USD Full history please visit EUR / USD Exchange Rates History Euro ( EUR ) To United States Dollar ( USD ) History Graph Chart 10D | 1M | 3M | 6M | 12M Popular Euro ( EUR ) Pairing Euro / United States Dollar Euro / British Pound Euro / Japanese Yen Euro / Australian Dollar Euro / Canadian Dollar Euro / Swiss Franc Euro / Chinese Yuan Euro / Hong Kong Dollar Euro / Russian Rouble Euro / Singapore Dollar Euro / Indian Rupee Euro / Mexican Peso Link to this page - if you would like to link to Euro ( EUR ) To United States Dollar ( USD ) Exchange Rates . please copy and paste the HTML from below into your page : < a href = " https : / / eur . fxexchangerate . com / usd / " > Euro ( EUR ) To United States Dollar ( USD ) Exchange Rates < / a > | [
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http://eurekastatistics.com/using-mahalanobis-distance-to-find-outliers/ | Using Mahalanobis Distance to Find Outliers Written by Peter Rosenmai on 25 Nov 2013 . Last revised 30 Nov 2013 . R ' s mahalanobis ( ) function provides a simple means of detecting outliers in multidimensional data . For example , suppose you have a dataframe of heights and weights : hw < - data . frame ( Height . cm = c ( 164 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 169 , 170 , 170 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 172 , 173 , 173 , 175 , 176 , 178 ) , Weight . kg = c ( 54 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 62 , 64 , 62 , 62 , 64 , 56 , 66 , 70 ) ) When plotting these data ( generated for this example using an interactive plot ) , you could mark as outliers those points that are , for instance , more than two ( sample ) standard deviations from the mean height or mean weight : is . height . outlier < - abs scale ( hw $ Height . cm ) ) > 2 is . weight . outlier < - abs scale ( hw $ Weight . kg ) ) > 2 pch < - ( is . height . outlier | is . weight . outlier ) * 16 plot ( hw , pch = pch ) The resulting graph : Note that the point with height equal to 175 cm ( in the bottom - right corner of the graph ) has not been marked as an outlier , as it ' s less than 2 standard deviations from the mean height and mean weight . And yet that is the point that most clearly does not follow the linear relationship between height and weight that we see in this data . It is โ arguably โ the real outlier here . By the way , the choice of scales for the above graph is somewhat misleading . A clearer picture of the effect of height on weight would have been obtained by at least letting the y scale start at zero . But I ' m using this data merely to illustrate outlier detection ; I hope you ' ll overlook this bad practice ! Now let ' s give mahalanobis ( ) a spin : n . outliers < - 2 # Mark as outliers the 2 most extreme points m . dist . order < - order ( hw , colMeans ( hw ) , cov ( hw ) ) , decreasing = TRUE ) is . outlier < - rep ( FALSE , nrow ( hw ) ) is . outlier [ m . dist . order [ 1 : n . outliers ] ] < - TRUE pch < - is . outlier * 16 plot ( hw , pch = pch ) The above code marks as outliers the two most extreme points according to their Mahalanobis distance ( also known as the generalised squared distance ) . This is , very roughly speaking , the distance of each point ( the rows of the dataframe ) from the centre of the data that the dataframe comprises , normalised by the standard deviation of each of the variables ( the columns of the dataframe ) and adjusted for the covariances of those variables . It may be thought of as the multidimensional analogue of the t - statistic โ which is defined as ( x x ) / s , where is the sample mean and s is the sample standard deviation . ( For details , visit Wikipedia ' s page on Mahalanobis distance . ) As you can see , this time the point in the bottom - right corner of the graph has been caught : And this technique works in higher dimensions too . This code produces a 3 - dimensional spinnable scatterplot : library ( rgl ) hwa < - data . frame ( Height . cm = ( 164 , 167 , 168 , 168 , 169 , 169 , 169 , 170 , 172 , 173 , 175 , 176 , 178 ) , Weight . kg = ( 55 , 57 , 58 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 61 , 61 , 64 , 62 , 56 , 66 , 70 ) , Age = ( 13 , 12 , 14 , 17 , 15 , 14 , 16 , 16 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 14 , 16 ) ) m . dist . order < - order ( hwa , colMeans ( hwa ) , cov ( hwa ) ) , decreasing = TRUE ) is . outlier < - rep ( FALSE , nrow ( hwa ) ) is . outlier [ m . dist . order [ 1 : 2 ] ] < - TRUE # Mark as outliers the 2 most extreme points col < - is . outlier + 1 plot3d ( hwa $ Height . cm , hwa $ Weight . kg , hwa $ Age , type = " s " , col = col ) Here ' s a shot of the scatterplot , the red points being the outliers : As you can see from the above code , the function calculates the Mahalanobis distance of a dataframe using a supplied vector of means and a supplied covariance matrix . You ' ll typically want to use it as in the examples above , passing in a vector of means and a covariance matrix that have been calculated from the dataframe under consideration . For example : m . dist < - ( my . dataframe , ( my . dataframe ) , ( my . dataframe ) ) The resulting vector of distances can be used to weed out the most extreme rows of a dataframe . For example , you may want to remove the 5 % of points that are the most extreme : percentage . to . remove < - 5 # Remove 5 % of points number . to . remove < - trunc ( my . dataframe ) * percentage . to . remove / 100 ) m . dist < - ( my . dataframe , ( my . dataframe ) , ( my . dataframe ) ) m . dist . order < - ( m . dist , decreasing = TRUE ) rows . to . keep . index < - m . dist . order [ ( number . to . remove + 1 ) : ( my . dataframe ) ] my . dataframe < - my . dataframe [ rows . to . keep . index , ] This is often useful when you want to quickly check whether an analysis you ' re running is overly affected by extreme points . First run the analysis on the full dataset , then remove the most extreme points using the above technique โฆ and then run your analysis again . If there ' s a big difference in the results , you may want to consider using an analysis that is more robust against outliers . Caveats Be wary of when your data exhibit nonlinear relationships , as the Mahalanobis distance equation only accounts for linear relationships . For example , try running the following code : my . dataframe < - ( x = ( 4 , 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 , 22 , 27 , 33 , 38 , 40 , 47 , 48 , 53 , 55 , 63 , 71 , 76 , 85 , 85 , 92 , 96 ) , y = ( 6 , 22 , 32 , 34 , 42 , 51 , 59 , 63 , 64 , 69 , 70 , 20 , 70 , 63 , 63 , 55 , 46 , 41 , 33 , 19 , 6 ) ) percentage . of . outliers < - 10 # Mark 10 % of points as outliers number . of . outliers < - trunc ( my . dataframe ) * percentage . of . outliers / 100 ) m . dist < - ( my . dataframe ) ) m . dist . order < - ( m . dist , decreasing = TRUE ) rows . not . outliers < - m . dist . order [ ( number . of . outliers + 1 ) : ( my . dataframe ) ] is . outlier < - ( TRUE , is . outlier [ rows . not . outliers ] < - FALSE pch < - is . outlier * 16 ( x = my . dataframe $ x , y = my . dataframe $ y , pch = pch ) Here ' s the resulting graph : Note that the most obvious outlier has not been detected because the relationship between the variables in the dataset under consideration is nonlinear . Also be aware that using Mahalanobis distance to find extreme values in multidimensional data may raise issues similar to those encountered when using the t - statistic to find extreme values in one - dimensional data . In the one - dimensional case , extreme values can have such a strong effect on the mean and the standard deviation that the - statistic no longer provides a reasonable measure of distance from centre . ( Which is why it ' s often better to use measures of centre and distance โ such as the median and the median absolute deviation โ that are more resistant to outliers . See my piece on using the median absolute deviation to find outliers . ) The same can happen in the multidimensional case , as Mahalanobis distance , like the - statistic , is calculated from standard deviations and distances from the mean . | [
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http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/netherlands/index_en.htm | Netherlands Page Contents Overview Political system Trade and economy The Netherlands in the EU Budgets and Funding Overview Capital : Amsterdam Official EU language ( s ) : Dutch EU member country : since 1 January 1958 Currency : euro . Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen Schengen area member since 26 March 1995 Figures Geographical size population gross domestic product ( GDP ) per capita in PPS Political system The Netherlands is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a head of government - the prime minister - and a head of state - the monarch . A council of ministers holds executive power . The country is divided into 12 provinces and 388 municipalities . It is also divided into 22 water districts , governed by an executive board that has authority in matters of water management . The Netherlands also includes 6 overseas countries and territories in the Caribbean . These territories are not part of the EU . Location on the EU map Trade and economy The most important sectors of the Netherlands โ economy in 2016 were public administration , defence , education , human health and social work activities ( 21.4 % ) , wholesale and retail trade , transport , accommodation and food services ( 21.2 % ) and industry ( 15.2 % ) . Intra - EU trade accounts for 76 % of the Netherlands โ exports ( Germany 24 % , Belgium 11 % and United Kingdom 9 % ) , while outside the EU 4 % go to the United States and 2 % to China . In terms of imports , 47 % come from EU countries ( Germany 15 % , Belgium 8 % and United Kingdom 5 % ) , while outside the EU 14 % come from China and 8 % from the United States . The Netherlands in the EU European Parliament There are 26 members of the European Parliament from the Netherlands . Find out who these MEPs are . European Parliament office in the Netherlands nl Council of the EU In the Council of the EU , national ministers meet regularly to adopt EU laws and coordinate policies . Council meetings are regularly attended by representatives from the Dutch government , depending on the policy area being addressed . Presidency of the Council of the EU The Council of the EU does n ' t have a permanent , single - person president ( like e.g. the Commission or Parliament ) . Instead , its work is led by the country holding the Council presidency , which rotates every 6 months . During these 6 months , ministers from that country ' s government chair and help determine the agenda of Council meetings in each policy area , and facilitate dialogue with the other EU institutions . Dates of Dutch presidencies : Jul - Dec 1960 | Jul - Dec 1963 | Jul - Dec 1966 | Jul - Dec 1969 | Jul - Dec 1972 | Jul - Dec 1976 | Jan - Jun 1981 | Jan - Jun 1986 | Jul - Dec 1991 | Jan - Jun 1997 | Jul - Dec 2004 | Jan - Jun 2016 Presidency of the Council of the EU Current presidency of the Council of the EU European Commission The Commissioner nominated by the Netherlands to the European Commission is Frans Timmermans , who is First Vice - President , in charge of Better Regulation , Inter - institutional Relations , the Rule of Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights . The Commission is represented in each EU country by a local office , called a " representation " . Commission representation in the Netherlands Search for available translations of the preceding link NL โข โข โข European Economic & Social Committee The Netherlands has 12 representatives on the European Economic and Social Committee . This advisory body โ representing employers , workers and other interest groups โ is consulted on proposed laws , to get a better idea of the possible changes to work and social situations in member countries . European Committee of the Regions The Netherlands has 12 representatives on the European Committee of the Regions , the EU ' s assembly of regional and local representatives . This advisory body is consulted on proposed laws , to ensure these laws take account of the perspective from each region of the EU . Permanent representation to the EU The Netherlands also communicates with the EU institutions through its permanent representation in Brussels . As the Netherlands ' " embassy to the EU " , its main task is to ensure that the country ' s interests and policies are pursued as effectively as possible in the EU . Budgets and Funding How much does the Netherlands contribute and receive ? Member countries ' financial contributions to the EU budget are shared fairly , according to means . The larger your country ' s economy , the more it pays โ and vice versa . The EU budget does n ' t aim to redistribute wealth , but rather to focus on the needs of all Europeans as a whole . Breakdown of the Netherlands โ finances with the EU in 2017 : Total EU spending in the Netherlands : โฌ 2.417 billion Total EU spending as % of Dutch gross national income ( GNI ) : 0.33 % Total Dutch contribution to the EU budget : โฌ 4.384 billion Dutch contribution to the EU budget as % of its GNI : 0.46 % More figures on the EU budget , revenue and spending : EU budget in the Netherlands Money & the EU EU spending & revenue EU - funded projects in the Netherlands The money paid into the EU budget by the Netherlands helps fund programmes and projects in all EU countries - like building roads , subsidising researchers and protecting the environment . Find out more about how the Netherlands benefits from EU funding | [
"Netherlands",
"Amsterdam",
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http://europe.dnb.com/find-my-DUNS/ | Customer Services - Get Your Dun & Bradstreet D - U - N - S ยฎ Number | [
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