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http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/7707 | Institution People Exhibitions & Publications Collections Oral History Education Records & Research Collections Search Events Furniture & Decorative Arts Historical Artifacts Life in the House Painting & Sculpture People Photographs A Century of Women in Congress September 11 , 2001 Events Institution Objects Documentaries Interviewees Oral History Transcripts Lesson Plans Education Fact Sheets Online Resources Glossary House Trivia Timeline About Home > > People Search Vote to feature this on the home page Cite Print Share KENNEDY , John Fitzgerald Courtesy U.S. Senate Historical Office 1917 – 1963 Office President , Representative , Senator State / Territory Massachusetts Party Democrat Congress ( es ) 80th ( 1947 – 1949 ) , 81st ( 1949 – 1951 ) , 82nd ( 1951 – 1953 ) , 83rd ( 1953 – 1955 ) , 84th ( 1955 – 1957 ) , 85th ( 1957 – 1959 ) , 86th ( 1959 – 1961 ) Jump To Biography External Research Collections Bibliography / Further Reading Related Media Biography KENNEDY , John Fitzgerald , ( brother of Edward M . Kennedy and Robert F . Kennedy , grandson of John Francis Fitzgerald , and uncle of Joseph Patrick Kennedy II and Patrick J . Kennedy ) , a Representative and a Senator from Massachusetts and 35th President of the United States ; born in Brookline , Norfolk County , Mass . , May 29 , 1917 ; attended the public and private schools of Brookline , Mass . , Choate School , Wallingford , Conn . , the London School of Economics at London , England , and Princeton View Record in the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [ Top ] External Research Collections Alabama Department of Archives and History Montgomery , AL Papers : Invitations ( 1961 ) to Frank W . Boykin ; and correspondence in James Elisha Folsom papers , 1938 - 1981 . Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies Philadelphia , PA Papers : Diary entry in Anna Kobryn Boyka papers , 1910 - 1973 . Baylor University W.R. Poage Legislative Library Waco , TX JFK Assassination Collections . The JFK Materials collection began in 2004 with the acquisition of the papers of Penn Jones , Jr . These papers included correspondence , manuscripts , cassette tapes , video tapes , magazines , photographs and various publications . Additional materials were given by Penn Jones ' sons including a large group of materials related to Penn ' s service with the 36th Infantry Division in WWII . www . baylor . edu / lib / poage / jones / . Other collections include Jack White and Gary Shaw collections and many others including 40 + Boston Public Library Boston , MA 1951 - 1962 . 16 letters , 1 telegram , and photographs . Broadcast Pioneers Library University of Maryland Hornbake Library College Park , MD 182 audiotapes ( 1956 - 1975 ) in Westinghouse Broadcasting Company collection , 1945 - 1981 . Brown University Providence , RI Harold F . Tinker collection of John F . Kennedy materials , 1945 - 1971 . 26 items . Correspondence , clippings , photographs , and published materials . Finding aid . California State Archives Sacramento , CA Oral History : Discussed in interviews with Leisa Graeme Bronson ( 1989 ) , 133 pages ; John F . Burby ( 1987 ) , 178 pages ; Charles B . Garrigus ( 1988 ) . 248 pages ; Thomas J . MacBride ( 1987 ) 128 pages ; Thomas M . Rees ( 1987 ) , 388 pages ; Nell Soto ( 1988 ) , 116 pages ; and Philip L . Soto ( 1988 ) , 241 pages . Columbia University Oral History Project New York , NY Oral History : Discussed in interviews with Edward Annis ; Barry Bingham ; Roger Blough ( 1975 ) , 316 leaves ; Chester Bowles ; Nelson Cruikshank ; Elizabeth S . Ives ; Walter Judd ; Carl McGowan ; Mike Monroney ; Ivan Nestigen ; Richard Neustadt ( 1961 ) , 77 leaves ; Charles Odell ; Arthur Meier Schlesinger ( 1967 ) , 43 leaves ; John Sharon ; Aaron Shikler ( 1977 ) , 160 leaves ; John L . Siegenthaler ( 1974 ) , 121 leaves ; Howard K . Smith ; Almer Stillwell ; Marietta Tree ; Elizabeth Wickended 1972 - 1978 . 443 leaves . Discussed in a series of interviews in preparation for a biography : Eleanor Dulles , 32 pages ; Deirdre Henderson , 71 pages , permission required ; John Hersey , 24 pages ; Hubert H . Humphrey , 21 pages ; John Johansen , 21 pages , permission required ; Lawrence O ' Brien , 43 pages ; David F . Powers , 55 pages ; James A . Rousmaniere , 34 pages ; Seymour St . John , 23 pages ; R . Sargent Shriver , 44 pages , permission required ; Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library New York , NY Correspondence in Frank Altschul papers , 1900 - 1981 ; Herbert H . Lehman papers , 1858 - 1963 ; Jacques Barzun papers , ca . 1900 - 1993 ; Louis P . Hammett papers , 1921 - 1986 ; Henry Beetle Hough papers , 1841 - 1986 ; National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee records , 1951 - 1985 ; Frederic C . Smedley papers , 1956 - 1976 ; George D . Woods papers , 1947 - 1972 ; and a poem in Meyer Schapiro papers , 1937 - 1979 . Dartmouth College Hanover , NH Correspondence in Grenville Clark papers , 1899 - 1972 , written permission required ; draft of " For John F . Kennedy , " his inauguration , in Robert Frost notebook , 1961 ; and typescript poem by Robert Frost , " Dedication " with notations , read at President Kennedy ' s inauguration , 1961 . Duke University Library Durham , NC Correspondence in Basil Lee Whitener papers , 1889 - 1968 . East Carolina University Joyner Library Greenville , NC Correspondence in Ira Thomas Wyche papers , 1941 - 1962 . Eastern Kentucky University Special Collections and Archives Richmond , KY Correspondence in Keen Johnson papers , 1870 - 1970 ; and Robert Richard Martin papers , 1914 - 1976 . Georgetown University Special Collections Washington , DC Ca . 1961 - 1979 . Ca . 50 feet . Kennedy assassination collections . Includes Federal Bureau of Investigation files ( photocopies ) , papers and photographs relating to New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison ' s investigations ( 1967 - 1968 ) , papers relating to photographic evidence , copy of the Zapruder film , and ballistics analysis . Finding aid . Harvard University Law School Library Cambridge , MA Correspondence in Lawrence Graham Brooks papers , 1897 - 1981 ; Herman LaRue Brown papers , 1890 - 1969 ; Walter Barton Leach papers , 1920 - 1971 ; and Arthur E . Sutherland papers , 1902 - 1973 . Harvard University Houghton Library Cambridge , MA Correspondence and memorabilia in Robert Frost papers , 1915 - 1963 . Harvard University Archives Pusey Library Correspondence in Seymour Edwin Harris papers , 1930 - 1974 ; Donald Howard Menzel papers , 1931 - 1977 ; Harvard University Press records , 1852 - ongoing ; Samuel Eliot Morison papers , 1807 - 1976 ; and Kenneth Todd Young papers , 1934 - 1973 . Lyndon Baines Johnson Library Austin , TX 1963 - 1967 . 3 feet . Special file on the assassination including originals , copies of documents , and FBI reports on the deaths of Kennedy and Lee Harvey Oswald . Also television network film coverage ( 1961 - 1963 ) of the 1961 inauguration consisting of 245 sound recordings of speeches and remarks . A virtually complete collection recorded by the White House Communications Agency . John F . Kennedy Library Boston , MA 1947 - 1960 . 430 feet . Pre - presidential papers ( 1946 - 1961 ) , including files from his service in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate , campaign files , and presidential transition files . Portions available on microfilm . Also papers relating to his early years , presidency ( 1961 - 1963 , 3,454 linear feet ) , and assassination . Include Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis papers , 1963 - 1968 ( bulk 1964 ) ( closed ) ; Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy papers , 1896 - 1975 ( closed ) ; Joseph P . Kennedy papers Additional Papers : In White House staff files of McGeorge Bundy , 1961 - 1963 , 1963 - 1987 ( bulk 1963 - 1965 ) ; Chester Clifton , 1961 - 1963 ; Barbara Coleman , 1959 - 1968 ; Dorothy Davies , 1961 - 1963 ; Ralph Dugan , 1955 - 1963 ; Meyer Feldman , 1961 - 1964 ; Seymour Edwin Harris , 1954 - 1961 ; William J . Hartigan , 1961 - 1968 ; August Heckscher , 1962 - 1963 ; Christian Archibald Herter , 1962 - 1967 ; Frederick L . Holborn , 1961 - 1963 ; Charles Ca . 1,000 interviews with individuals who knew and worked with Kennedy . In part microfiche of transcripts of interviews conducted by Columbia University Oral History Project . List of interviewees available . Partially restricted . 1988 . 110 pages . Interviews concerning Kennedy ' s call to M.L. King , with Louis Maartin , Parren Mitchell , Sam Proctor , R . Sargent Shriver , Franklin Williams , and Harris Wofford . Knox College Seymour Library Galesburg , IL 1 letter ( January 6 , 1954 ) in Sang autograph collection , 1751 - 1954 . Library of Congress Manuscript Division Washington , DC Ca . 1960 - 1964 . 1 container . Also 45 reels of microfilm of campaign material ( 1958 - 1960 ) , appointment books ( 1961 - 1963 ) , and press files ( 1961 - 1963 ) . Originals in the John F . Kennedy Library . Also correspondence in David E . Finley papers , 1921 - 1977 . 1954 - 1965 . 150 items . In part photocopies . Miscellaneous papers of or relating to Kennedy , including material concerning his assassination and funeral , his will , his presidential inauguration , and White House functions for 1961 - 1963 . Massachusetts Historical Society 15 items in various collections . Mississippi State University Mitchell Memorial Library Mississippi State , MS 1 letter ( 1957 ) in the Hodding and Betty Werlain Carter papers . National Archives and Records Administration 1958 - 1992 . Ca . 810 cubic feet . Kennedy assassination records collection including Warren Commission records ; House Select Committee on Assassinations records ; Church committee records ; Central Intelligence Agency records ; Kennedy , Johnson , and Ford presidential libraries records ; Rockefeller Commission records ; and records of other agencies . This collection was created by the President John F . Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992 ( PL 102 - 526 ) . Finding aid . New York City Municipal Archives Broadcast recording in WNYC radio station collection , 1938 - 1970 . Pierpont Morgan Library 1962 . 1 item . Providence College Phillips Memorial Library Providence , RI 15 items ( 1953 - 1962 ) in John O . Pastore papers ; correspondence in John Edward Fogarty papers , 1939 - 1967 ; and in Dennis Joseph Roberts papers , 1940 - 1968 , an advisor to Kennedy ( 1957 - 1963 ) . Radcliffe College Schlesinger Library In Alger family papers , 1809 - 1984 ; American Association of University Women , Boston branch , records , 1886 - 1978 ; Margaret Louise Murray Blizard papers , 1929 - 1985 ; Lorraine Rowan Cooper papers , 1936 - 1983 ; Mary Elizabeth Dreier papers , 1797 - 1963 ( bulk 1897 - 1963 ) ; Martha May Eliot papers , 1898 - 1979 ; Alice Hamilton papers , 1909 - 1965 ; Anna Maria Lederer Rosenberg Hoffman papers , 1870 - 1983 ; Maida Springer Kemp papers , 1942 - 1981 ; Helen Hill Miller papers , Mentioned in interviews with Katie Louchheim ( 1969 , 1978 ) , 100 pages ; and Esther Peterson ( 1976 , 1977 , 1983 ) , 327 pages . Rutgers University Libraries Special Collections and University Archives New Brunswick , NJ 1960 . 5 items . Letters sent to Tracy S . Voorhees . Sangamon State University Brookens Library Oral History Office Springfield , IL Oral history collection relating to assassination , 1972 - 1980 . Scott E . Webber Collection Stony Point , NY Mentioned in a James A . Farley interview . Stanford University Libraries Special Collections Martin Luther King , Jr . Papers Project Stanford , CA Correspondence ( photocopies ) between Kennedy and King in David Garrow miscellaneous papers , 1954 - 1968 . Duplicates in King Library and Archives , Martin Luther King , Jr . Center , Atlanta , GA . Originals in private custody . Stanford University Libraries Special Collections Stanford , CA In Paul Burgess Fay papers , 1966 - 1967 ; Douglass C . Hall papers , 1965 ; Maxwell Arnold Kennedy presidential campaign materials , 1959 - 1960 ; William M . Roth papers , 1914 - 1973 ( bulk 1950 - 1973 ) ; Spyros P . Skouras papers , 1942 - 1971 ; William A . Swanberg papers , no date ; and J . Arthur Younger papers , 1951 - 1968 . State Historical Society of Wisconsin Archives Division Madison , WI Correspondence in Thomas H . Barland papers , 1956 - 1966 ; William J . Grede papers , 1909 - 1979 ; broadcast transcript of interview in William Howard Lawrence papers , 1936 - 1972 ; correspondence in Ivan Nestigen papers , 1942 - 1961 ; radio broadcast transcripts in Paul A . Shinkman papers , 1924 - 1969 ; Alexander Wiley papers , 1913 - 1967 ; correspondence in Wisconsin Humphrey for President Committee records , 1956 - 1960 ; and in Edwin Emil Witte papers , 1905 - 1967 . State Historical Society of Wisconsin Platteville Area Research Center University of Wisconsin Platteville , WI Correspondence and papers in William Attwood papers , 1940 - 1987 ; Edwin R . Bayley papers , 1941 - 1992 ; Robert Bendiner papers , 1934 - 1984 , on 17 microfim reels ; Burton Benjamin papers , 1957 - 1985 ; Norman Clapp papers , 1944 - 1989 ; Wilbur J . Cohen papers , 1930 - 1987 ; Democratic Party of Wisconsin records , 1944 - 1987 ; James A . Dombrowski papers , 1918 - 1983 ; William Theodore Evjue papers , 1905 - 1969 ; Emile de Antonio papers , 1868 - 1989 ; Jay University of Arkansas Library Fayetteville , AR Correspondence in Brooks Hays papers , 1915 - 1978 . University of Arkansas at Little Rock Library Little Rock , AR Correspondence in Wallace Townsend papers , 1916 - 1971 . University of Colorado Libraries Archives Boulder , CO Correspondence in J . Edgar Chenworth papers , ca . 1942 - 1964 ; and James G . Patton papers , 1920s - 1970s . University of Georgia Richard B . Russell Library for Political Research and Studies Athens , GA Correspondence in Eugene Robert Black papers , 1917 - 1974 . University of Iowa Libraries Special Collections Department Iowa City , IA 1950 , 1952 , 1954 , 1957 - 1962 . 31 items . University of Michigan Bentley Historical Library Ann Arbor , MI Correspondence in Gardner Ackley papers , 1937 - 1987 ; Paul Blanshard papers , 1912 - 1974 ; Eleanor Bumgardner papers , 1919 - 1967 ; William Haber papers , 1918 - 1988 ; Harlan Henthorne Hatcher papers , 1931 - 1967 ; Marvin M . Meerse papers , 1943 - 1978 ; Blair Moody papers , 1928 - 1954 ; George Murphy papers , 1911 - 1961 ; James Kerr Pollock papers , 1920 - 1968 ; Hichman Price papers , 1918 - 1968 ; Margaret Bayne Price papers , 1918 - 1969 ; and Timms family papers , University of North Carolina at Charlotte Atkins Library Charlotte , NC Correspondence in Harry Golden papers , 1898 - 1970 . University of Oklahoma Carl Albert Center Congressional Archives Norman , OK Typescript of interview in Jack Bell papers , 1937 - 1940 . University of Oregon Knight Library Eugene , OR Correspondence in Wayne L . Morse papers , 1919 - 1969 . University of Texas Division of Archives and Manuscripts Arlington , TX Correspondence re : JFK Memorial Commission in Bernard Rapoport papers , 1950 - 1976 . University of Toledo Library Ward M . Canaday Center Toledo , OH Film [ 1955 ? ] a history of the Democratic party narrated by Kennedy and correspondence in John Patrick Kelly papers , 1941 - 1976 ; and letters of condolence ( 1963 ) on death of Kennedy in Foy D . Kohler papers , 1935 - 1981 . University of Virginia Alderman Library Charlottesville , VA Correspondence in Stuart E . Brown papers , 1946 - 1978 ( bulk 1953 - 1972 ) ; Dumas Malone papers , 1913 - 1986 ; and Hugh Scott papers , 1925 - 1983 . Finding aid . University of Washington Libraries Manuscripts and University Archives Seattle , WA Correspondence in Henry M . Jackson papers , 1936 - 1983 ; and Kennedy for President state campaign records , 1958 - 1960 . Wayne State University Walter P . Reuther Library Detroit , MI Correspondence in International Union , United Automobile , Aerospace , and Agricultural Implement Workers of America , Walter P . Reuther collection , 1933 - 1970 ; and Roy Reuther papers , 1924 - 1971 . Western Kentucky University Library Bowling Green , KY 1960 - 1963 . 24 items . Correspondence , related items ( 3 ) , and printed items ( 2 ) ; and photographs . Western Reserve Historical Society Cleveland , OH In the Cyrus Eaton papers , 1901 - 1978 . Finding aid . Wheaton College Billy Graham Center Archives Wheaton , IL Correspondence in Billy Graham papers , 1863 - 1980 . Yale University Libraries Manuscripts and Archives New Haven , CT In Dean Acheson papers , 1898 - 1986 ; Chester Bowles papers , 1924 - 1973 ; John Sylvester Fischer papers , 1907 - 1980 ; Arthur Bliss Lane papers , 1904 - 1957 ; Latin America national security files , 1961 - 1963 , on 10 microfilm reels of originals in John F . Kennedy Library ; Paul Palmer papers , 1929 - 1960 ; and Edwin Richard Weinerman papers , 1908 - 1970 . Research Libraries Information Network In addition to the institutions listed above , items are also cataloged in collections at : American Bible Society Archives , New York , NY ; Center for Migration Studies , Staten Island , New York , NY ; City University of New York , City College Archives , New York , NY ; College of St . Thomas Library , St . Paul , MN ; Cornell University , Labor Management Documentation , Ithaca , NY ; Emory University , Special Collections , Atlanta , GA ; Franklin D . Roosevelt Library , Hyde Park , NY ; George [ Top ] Bibliography / Further Reading Adler , Bill , ed . The Kennedy Wit . New York : Citadel Press , 1964 . ___ , ed . More Kennedy Wit . New York : Bantam Press , 1965 . Brogan , Hugh . Kennedy . New York : Longman , 1996 . Burner , David , and Thomas R . West . The Torch Is Passed : The Kennedy Brothers and American Liberalism . New York : Atheneum , 1984 . Burns , James MacGregor . John Kennedy : A Political Profile . New York : Harcourt , Brace & World , 1961 . Crown , James Tracy . The Kennedy Literature : A Bibliographical Essay on John F . Kennedy . New York : New York University Press , 1968 . Dallek , Robert . An Unfinished Life : John F . Kennedy , 1917 - 1963 . Boston : Little Brown Co . , 2003 . Dollen , Charles . John F . Kennedy , American . Boston : St . Paul Editions , 1965 . Giglio , James N . , comp . John F . Kennedy : A Bibliogaphy . Westport , CT : Greenwood Press , 1995 . Goldman , Alex J . , ed . The Quotable Kennedy . New York : Citadel Press , 1965 . Gray , Charles H . " A Scale Analysis of the Voting Records of Senators Kennedy , Johnson and Goldwater , 1957 - 1960 . " American Political Science Review 59 ( September 1965 ) : 615 - 21 . Kennedy , John F . " Congressional Lobbies : A Chronic Problem Re - examined . " Georgetown Law Journal 45 ( Summer 1957 ) : 535 - 67 . ___ . A Nation of Immigrants . 1959 . Rev . and enlarged ed . , with introduction by Robert F . Kennedy and new preface by John P . Roche . New York : Harper & Row , 1986 . ___ . Prelude to Leadership : The European Diary of John F . Kennedy , Summer 1945 . Washington : Regnery Publishing , 1995 . ___ . Profiles in Courage . 1956 . Memorial ed . New York : Harper & Row , 1964 . Why England Slept . 1940 . Reprint . Westport , CT : Greenwood Press , 1981 . ___ , ed . As We Remember Joe . Cambridge , MA : Privately published , 1945 . Lemke , William Edgar . " The Political Thought of John F . Kennedy : To the Inaugural Address . " Ph . D . dissertation , University of Maine , 1973 . Lincoln , Evelyn . My Twelve Years with John F . Kennedy . New York : D . McKay Co . , 1965 . Lowe , Jacques . Portrait : The Emergence of John F . Kennedy . New York : McGraw Hill , 1961 . Matthews , Christopher . Kennedy & Nixon : The Rivalry that Shaped Postwar America . New York : Simon & Schuster , 1996 . Nevins , Allan , ed . The Strategy of Peace . New York : Harper & Row , 1960 . Newcomb , Joan I . , comp . John F . Kennedy : An Annotated Bibliography . Metuchen , NJ : Scarecrow Press , 1977 . Nurse , Ronald Joseph . " America Must Not Sleep : The Development of John F . Kennedy ' s Foreign Policy Attitudes , 1947 - 1960 . " Ph . D . dissertation , Michigan State University , 1971 . O ' Donnell , Kenneth P . , and David F . Powers . " Johnny , We Hardly Knew Ye " : Memories of John Fitzgerald Kennedy . Boston : Little , Brown & Co . , 1972 . O ' Hara , William T . , ed . John F . Kennedy on Education . New York : Teachers College Press , Columbia University , 1966 . Parmet , Herbert S . Jack : The Struggles of John F . Kennedy . New York : Dial Press , 1980 . JFK : The Presidency of John F . Kennedy . New York : Dial Press , 1983 . Rorabaugh , W.J . Kennedy and the Promise of the Sixties . New York : Cambridge University Press , 2002 . Ryan , Dorothy , and Louis J . Ryan , comps . The Kennedy Family of Massachusetts : A Bibliography . Westport , CT : Greenwood Press , 1981 . Sable , Martin H . A Bio - Bibliography of the Kennedy Family . Metuchen , NJ : Scarecrow Press , 1969 . Sanghvi , Ramesh . John F . Kennedy : A Political Biography . Bombay : Perennial Press , 1961 . Shaw , John . JFK in the Senate : Pathway to the Presidency . New York City : Palgrave Macmillan , 2013 . Sorensen , Theodore C . Kennedy . 1965 . Reprint , with new introduction . New York : Perennial Library , 1988 . The Kennedy Legacy . 1969 . Special ed . New York : Macmillan Co . , 1993 . ___ , comp . " Let the Word Go Forth " : The Speeches , Statements , and Writings of John F . Kennedy . New York : Dell Publishing , 1991 . Stone , Ralph A . , ed . John F . Kennedy , 1917 - 1963 : Chronology - - Documents - - Bibliographical Aids . Dobbs Ferry , NY : Oceana Publications , 1971 . U.S. Congress . Memorial Addresses in the Congress of the United States and Tributes in Eulogy of John Fitzgerald Kennedy , Late a President of the United States . 88th Cong . , 2d sess . , 1964 . Washington : Government Printing Office , 1964 . Whalen , Thomas J . Kennedy Versus Lodge : The 1952 Massachusetts Senate Race . Boston : Northeastern University Press , 2000 . White , Theodore H . The Making of the President , 1960 . 1961 . Reprint . New York : Atheneum , 1988 . Wicker , Tom . JFK and LBJ : The Influence of Personality Upon Politics . New York : William Morrow & Co . , 1968 . Wszelaki , Jan H . , ed . John F . Kennedy and Poland : Selection of Documents , 1948 - 1963 . New York : Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America , 1964 . Blog Post November 21 , 2014 “ The Only Thing You Could Hear Was People Crying ” | [
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http://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/black-death.htm | HowStuffWorks Culture History Historical Events How the Black Death Worked by Molly Edmonds NEXT The Black Death in a European town In his introduction to " The Decameron " ( circa 1351 ) , Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio captures the uncertainty and fear that accompanied the Black Death ' s sweep through Europe from 1347 to 1351 . It could have been caused by the influence of celestial bodies or by God ' s wrath , Boccaccio wrote . Physicians had no idea what to do with the tumors and black spots that ravaged victims ' bodies . And worse , the people turned on each other . Parents abandoned children ; husbands turned their backs on their wives . The streets were filled with the dead , and neighbors sometimes learned of a death next door by the smell . The living did n ' t have time to mourn ; Boccaccio says that due to the large number of dead and the fear of their presence , " a dead man was then of no more account than The symptoms of the Black Death were gruesome : Tumors covered the body - - some of them as big as an egg or apple , Boccaccio wrote . A large neck tumor might permanently cock a person ' s head in the opposite direction . Purplish splotches also covered the body . These were nicknamed " God ' s tokens , " because God usually took the sufferer soon after they appeared . The sick even smelled like they were going to die . Bad breath and odors indicated they were rotting from the inside . Medieval writers tell us that the fevers resulted in delirium - - madmen wandered the streets , shouting wildly . The sick vomited incessantly or coughed up blood . Pus and blood oozed from sores . Once the symptoms started to appear , the victim was a ticking time bomb and died within days . No one knew what to do . There was n ' t enough space in the graveyards , so the bloated bodies were left in the street . Dogs ate corpses while babies cried hungrily beside their dead mothers . When all was said and done , about 25 million people died in the epidemic , approximately one - third of Europe ' s population at the time [ source : Kelly ] . How did this happen ? What caused this horrific spread of death ? 1 2 6 NEXT | [
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http://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/black-death3.htm | HowStuffWorks Culture History Historical Events How the Black Death Worked by Molly Edmonds Effects of the Black Death Prev NEXT The Black Death reared its head sporadically in Europe over the next few centuries . But by 1352 , it had essentially loosened its grip . Europe ' s population had been hard hit , which had an economic impact . The workforce had been destroyed - - farms were abandoned and buildings crumbled . The price of labor skyrocketed in the face of worker shortage , and the cost of goods rose . The price of food , though , did n ' t go up , perhaps because the population had declined so much . The Black Death did set the stage for more modern medicine and spurred changes in public health and hospital management . Frustrated with Black Death diagnoses that revolved around astrology and superstition , educators began placing greater emphasis on clinical medicine , based on physical science . While schools initially had to close for lack of educators , the plague eventually drove growth in higher education . New schools were established , sometimes specifically mentioning in their charters that they were trying to address the decay in learning and gaps in education left by the Black Death . Townspeople flee under the watchful gaze of skeletons People who survived the Black Death era generally suffered a communal crisis of faith . Rather than becoming more religious in thanksgiving to God for their survival , people harbored doubts . They had turned to the church for an answer to the plague , and the church had been able to offer no help . Additionally , priests , who , along with doctors , had the highest rate of contact with the diseased , also had one of the highest rates of fatalities . Several new heretical movements sprang up . Those who still clung to their faith Feeling , essentially , that God had turned his back on them , the people reacted to the end of the Black Death by turning their backs on him . They engaged in wild debauchery to celebrate being alive . They held gluttonous banquets , drank , wore extravagant clothing and gambled . It was clear through the art of the time , though , that people still had death on their minds . The danse macabre , or dance of death , is an allegorical concept that was expressed in drama , poetry , music and visual art . The danse macabre usually shows a procession or dance between the living and the dead . The range of figures shown is meant to show that death will come for everyone , and the various activities depicted are a reminder that death could always be right around the corner . Geneticists are continuing to document the effects of the Black Death on Europe ' s population today . Analysis has shown that genetic diversity in England is much lower than it was in the eleventh century , perhaps because so many people died in the 1300s . While the rest of Europe does not show a lowered amount of genetic variation , that may be due to increased migration patterns in other places . The work of 19th - century scientists finally provided some answers about the causes of the Black Death . Read on to learn what they found . 1 3 4 5 6 NEXT | [
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http://history.nasa.gov/ap11ann/FirstLunarLanding/ch-2.html | ARMSTRONG This is a view of the descent trajectory area as viewed through the LM window during our activation . ( Photo 7 . ) In the bottom right of the photograph is the crater Maskelyne and the bottom center is the mountain called Boot Hill . Immediately above Boot Hill is a small sharp - rimmed crater called Maskelyne W which was the crater we used to determine our downrange and crossrange position prior to completing the final phases of the descent . The landing area itself is in the smooth area at the top of the picture just before | [
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http://history.rays-place.com/ny/antrerp-ny.htm | CHAPTER XXIII . THE TOWN OF ANTWERP . On April 6 , 1810 , an act of the legislature divided the town of Le Ray , and taking therefrom 61,018 acres off the east side , created a new town by the name of Antwerp ; so called in allusion to the Antwerp company of capitalists , who at one time owned a greater part of great lot No . 4 , of the Macomb purchase . As the story is told in an earlier chapter , Constable , the agent of Macomb , sold in London to Charles Michael De Wolf , of the city of Antwerp The geographical and topographical features of this large and splen . did jurisdiction are not remarkable ( except , perhaps , in the locality known as pulpit rock ) , but in geographical formation the town has strong distinguishing characteristics . Antwerp is the extreme easterr town of the county , and is bounded north by St . Lawrence and east by Lewis county . in the north and east portions the land surface is broken by low , rocky ridges which are parallel with Indian river . The westerly part is more level . The soil in the valleys The principal watercourse of Antwerp is the Indian river , a stream of considerable magnitude , which enters the town from Wilna , on the south border ; thence flows an exceedingly devious though generally north course to a point about three miles east of Antwerp village ; then turns abruptly to the west and south and courses into Philadelphia . The Oswegatchie river enters the town from St . Lawrence county , and flows about three miles in the form of a bow ( hence the name Ox Bow ) , then turns north from the town , crossing Settlement in Antwerp was begun in 1803 , while the territory formed a part of Brownville . In that year Captain William Lee and Peter Vrooman came and built log houses on the route of travel between the long falls on Black river ( Carthage ) and St . Lawrence county . Captam Lee located on the line of the state road , on lot No . 657 , while Vrooman made his improvement at the Ox Bow , within the limits of the village now so called . Both were squatters , claiming no title , but each opened The old Cook tavern on lot 657 became a somewhat famous resort in later years . It was centrally located , therefore early town meetings were frequently held there . Here also were held general trainings in the old militia days , when the farmer and the mechanic alike would abandon toil and attend the muster to eat Yankee gingerbread and enjoy a day of jollification . During the embargo days , this was a resort for smugglers , for the old Qswegatchie road was a noted thoroughfare for the transportation of goods to the river ; and it occasionally The Oswegatchie road , on the line of which these pioneers settled , was first opened for travel in 1801 , and was built by public subscriptions from the land proprietors . It was the first traveled road north of Black river , and owed its existence to the efforts of Judge Nathan Ford the pioneer of Ogdensburgh . It extended from the east branch of Oswegatchie river to the Ox Bow , a distance of 26 miles ; thence to Indian river , 13 miles ; thence to the long falls of Black river ( Carthage ) , 13 During the years 1803 - 06 James Constable made extended tours of observation and exploration in this part of the state , and in the course of his investigations became pretty well acquainted with the Oswegatchie road and the settlers along its route . He occasionally stopped at both the Lee and Vrooman taverns , and , like the veteran travelers of later years , wrote complainingly of lodgings and fare . However , from his diary of daily experiences it is learned that in 1804 there were not more than three settlers on the lands now forming this town Proprietor Morris was evidently energetic in his efforts to induce settlement , for in 1800 he brought to the town several pioneer families , among them the Fosters ( Edward , Edward , jr . , John C . , Hopestill ) , also John Bethel , Peter Raven , and Silas Ward . In the next year came Asa Hunt , Lyman Colburn , William Randall , Henry Adams and Allen Thompson . In 1808 the arrivals included Clark Lewis , Salmon White , Thadeus Park and Amos Kieth . In 1809 Amos and Warren Streeter and Caleb Cheeney Among the other early settlers , the first place of residence of whom is uncertain , may be mentioned James Parker , John Jenison , Daniel Heald , John Robinson , Zopher Holden ( on Indian river ) , and Benajah Randall , in 1806 ; Samuel Griswold , David Coffeen and Zebulon Rockwell , in 1807 ; David Gill and Alfred Walker , in 1808 ; Richard McAllaster , Francis MeAllaster , Isaac L . Hitchcock , Jonathan Marble , Jesse Jackson , John Pease , Daniel Heald and Timothy Ruggles , in 1809 ; Solomon Pepper , Jeduthan There were still other early residents who were factors in local history more than half a century ago , though not perhaps entitled to be mentioned among the pioneers or early settlers , for when they came the foundation of the town ' s institutions had been laid , the hardships and privations of pioneer life were passed , and the resources of the locality were fairly well developed . In this connection may be recalled the Seaver family ; also Oliver Webster and Ira Hinsdale , who were here in 1818 ; James Whitmore and the Gleason and Gillett Indeed , from what has been stated , and from the many names of settlers thus recalled , it must be seen that proprietors Morris , Hoard and Parish were active in the disposition of their lands . In the very early years of the century it had been reported that the lands north of Black river were undesirable as a place of abode , but the rapid manner in which farm tracts were taken and occupied by permanent and substantial setters would seem to indicate that the proprietors had effectually refuted these damaging reports , for in no part It has been estimated that in 1810 there were 75 settlers in the town , nearly all of whom were heads of families , and at the same time the total number of inhabitants was about 250 . This was the result of five years of development , and it was not surprising that a people so active in all personal concerns in life should seek the creation of a separate town in that portion of the large county in which they lived . Organization . - The act of creating the town from Le Ray was passed by the legislature April 5 , 1810 , and the territory then set off was of the same extent in area as at the present time . In 1813 the boundaries were accurately defined , and will be found in a general chapter of this work . The first town meeting in Antwerp was held at the house of Francis McAllaster ( then occupied by William Fletcher , an inn - keeper ) on March 5 , 1811 , when officers were elected as follows : Daniel Heald , supervisor ; Samuel Randall , town clerk ; John Jenison , Zopher Holden and Silas Ward , assessors ; Francis McAllaster , Oliver Stowell and Elkanah Pattridge . commissioners of highways ; William Fletcher and John C . Foster , overseers of the poor ; Daniel Sterling , Jeduthan Kingsbury , Salmon White , Matthew Brooks and Samuel Hendricks , overseers of highways ; Elkanah Pattridge , constable and collector . Thus was the town organization made complete , and thus was created and began to make separate history one of the most interesting civil divisions of Jefferson county . At that time the entire population was devoted to the peaceful arts of lumbering , potash making and general agriculture , the established pursuits of the whole county , for even the county seat was then a hamlet . But it so happened at the time that our country was on the verge of a second war with Great Britain , and in carrying out the necessary provisions of law by With the beginning of hostilities the Oswegatchie road again drew attention . Ogdensbourgh was a poorly defended American post , and an Indian invasion from that quarter was greatly feared . On July 2 , 1812 , a special town meeting was assembled , and it was resolved to build a fort 20 x 36 feet in size on the ground , the second story being 20 x 40 feet . It was also resolved to build the fort north of the " Indian river 30 rods , in front of Sylvius Hoard ' s house , " John Howe A majority of the early settlers in Antwerp were Vermonters , sturdy and determined Yankees , who were drawn to the region by the representations of General Morris , who came from Springfield , in that state , a locality noted for the grandeur of its hills and mountains . In 1806 he employed Silas Ward to build a saw mill at Antwerp village , then amid for many years afterward known as Indian River . General Morris had disposed of his lands to settlers by giving deeds and taking mortgages for the unpaid portions of the purchase price , In spite of all the embarrassments of early years the lands were settied rapidly , and in 1814 , four years after the town was created , the inhabitants numbered 303 ; and the succeeding five years witnessed a four - fold increase . However , as best indicating the growth in population , reference is had to the census reports , from which it is learned that in 1820 the inhabitants numbered 1,319 ; 1825 , 2,557 ; 1830 , 2,412 ; 1835 , 2,615 ; 1840 , 3,109 ; 1845 , 3,380 ; 1850 , 3,665 ; 1855 From this is seen that the present population of Antwerp is less than at any time since about 1840 . It is not within the province of this work to account for this decrease , yet various causes have contributed to that result , chief among which has been the practical abandonment of iron mining as an established industry in the town . The early proprietors were acquainted with the fact that in certain localities of Antwerp there existed valuable mineral deposits , but their full extent was not known until a later generation of enterprising residents began to develop this most valuable of its resources . David Parish was shrewd enough to see future possibilities in this direction , and therefore inserted a clause in his contracts with settlers reserving all mineral rights on the lands contracted to be sold by him . Yet it is not thought this worthy proprietor ever profited by this reservation . So far as now known The Sterling mine was on lot No . 689 , and next south of it was the White ore bed , on lot No . 688 , which was opened in 1848 by Mr . Parish . The ores produced here had not the superior quality of those in the Sterling mine , hence were not as extensively worked . The Ward mine was opened in 1852 on the farm of Nathan W . Ward , and afterward yielded a large quantity of good quality of ore . This bed was on the line between lots Nos . 686 and When this general transfer was made , the opinion became current that the Antwerp ore beds were about to be developed to their fullest extent , and that a period of great prosperity was in store for all the people . But disappointment followed , and even then mining in the town had passed its height . Previous to the construction of the railroad ( 1S55 ) it was no uncommon event to count daily two hundred wagon loaded with ores on the way from the mines to the furnaces at Philadelphia , Carthage , and also at Rossie in At one time stone quarrying was an established industry in Antwerp . The pioneers in this work were David Coffeen and James Parker , who about 1806 opened the Parker ledge on the state road , between Lee ' s tavern and Ox Bow . It was from this quarry that a hundred pair of millstones , previously mentioned in this chapter , were manufactured , but in addition the old Church mill at Antwerp village was also built with the product of the Parker ledge . The stone of the town is of the Potsdam sandstone quality , especially Antwerp Village . - On the site where now stands a prosperous village of one thousand inhabitants , General Morris , the proprietor , in 1805 employed Samuel Hubbard to build a darn across Indian river , and in the next year Silas Ward began the erection of a saw mill . Sometime during these early years the settlement took the name of Indian River , ' and thus was founded a village which has endured to the present time . Ward also built a small frame house on the site of the Proctor house , which Gershom Mattoon opened as a tavern . The first tannery was built about 1812 , by Isaac L . Hitchcock , but was sold to Luther Conklin in 1815 . The building was burned many years ago . Near the tannery stood the distillery built about 1S20 by Emmons & Bissell . Both of these industries stood nearly opposite the head of Depot street . The first village merchant was Zebulon H . Cooper , who opened the " yellow store " in 1810 . The second store was opened by Dr . Randall , and the third by Orrin Bush , both before 1815 . At Thus were established the infant institutions of the village , upon which later generations have built and enlarged . Of the early structures few indeed now remain except the old Catholic and Congregational church edifices , the brick school house and perhaps some of the old dwellings , but of all the old occupants none now survive . It is not assumed that in this brief sketch there has been recalled the names of all the factors , or even all the old time buildings in Antwerp village history , for such a record would be well - nigh impossible During the years 1841 - 42 , Isaiah Bailey built what has long been known as the Augsbury grist mill . It stood on the site of the old Church mill , the property having passed to Bailey from Pratt & Taylor , in 1839 . It was burned two years later . Bailey sold about 1850 to Stebbins & Tomlinson , and they to Morgan Augsbury , in 1868 . In 1884 it became known as the Antwerp roller fiouring mill , when roller process machinery replaced the old stones . This mill is now operated by W . Edward Metcalf ' s planing mill was another of the old industries , and stood below the grist mill . It was burned and not rebuilt . The Isaac Westcott & Son cheese box factory stood near the Westcott mill , but that , too , is now gone . There were also the old Monroe saw mills , on the site of the still older Morris mill built in 1806 . This power was long used for saw mill purposes and by many proprietors before it was abandoned . Bethel ' s planing mill and the Hogan foundry were One of the early and commendable institutions of the village was the Antwerp Delphic library , established March 13 , 1832 , through the efforts of Charles B . Hoard , William McAllaster , R . N . Randall , Samuel Gaines and Levi Miller , who were also its first trustees . The library was the source of much good in the early history of the village , but after the district school libraries were established its usefulness became impaired and the society dissolved . The Bank of Antwerp has been one of the permanent and successful business enterprises of the village . It was established in 1872 , by C . M . Coolidge . John D . Ellis became owner in 1874 and has since managed its affairs . Throughout the period of its existence Albert Hoyt has filled the position of cashier . Incorporation . - In 1853 , when all the resources of the town were being developed and operated to almost their fullest extent , the inhabitants of the village petitioned the court of sessions of the county for an order of incorporation . The special election required to determine the question was held at Stoweli & Taylor ' s hotel on July 30 , and the proposition was carried by a vote of fifty - three for and three against the measure . The first survey included 660 acres of land , but a re - survey made by Henry L . Scott As then established , Antwerp was an enterprising and attractive village of about 1,000 inhabitants , having resources as great as those of any similar municipality in the county , and men with means , energy and public spirit to successfully and safely conduct its business and internal affairs . However , twenty - five years have witnessed many changes in local history , and of the old structures and institutions of early days few now remain . At least twice during its history the village has been visited with serious conflagrations , and by other occasional fires many of The village fire department was regularly organized in 1895 , in pursuance of a resolution passed by the trustees in September of that year . It comprises a hose company and a hook and ladder company , each well equipped with sufficient apparatus . The department was incorporated December 5 , 1895 . The organization of the fire department was in a measure the outgrowth of the water supply system , established and put in operation in 1894 . To accomplish this end the village bonded to the amount of $ 19,000 , while the plant complete cost $ 20,000 . A large stand - pipe was erected in an elevated part of the village , and from it main pipes were laid through the principal streets . Water is taken from Indian river , and pumped from the Augsbury mill to the stand - pipe , and thence distributed . The system The Antwerp village hail , a commodious and attractive brick and stone building , was erected at the public expense during the years 1896 - 97 . It cost $ 20,000 , bonds being issued for $ 15,000 . The soldiers ' monument , a beautiful granite structure , was erected in 1893 , and attests the public spiritedness and generosity of the people of the village . The lves Seminary is one of the most notable and praiseworthy institutions of the village and town , and one which during the period of its history has been an instrument for good . It had its inception in the Antwerp liberal literary institute created under provisional charter , February 1 , 1856 . The charter was soon afterward extended to February 1 , 1860 , and in that year , the conditions having been fulfilled , was made absolute . The first trustees were John H . Conklin , Jonas S . Conkey , Charles B . Pond , Wm . Gill , Publius D . Foster , Ira Beaman , A . P . Sterling , Luther H . Bailey , Horace W . Seymour , A . H . McAllaster , E . G . Taylor , Almon Buell , Alvin Coolidge , Hiram B . Keene , Thomas Taite . James White , Solomon J . Childs and Chandler D . Waite . The erection of institute buildings in Antwerp village was begun in 1857 , but was not completed until 1861 , the dedication ceremony taking place May 9 . The cost of the entire property ( site and buildings ) was $ 13,000 , of which $ 7,000 was raised by general cash subscription , and $ 3,000 by town bonds , leaving a debt of $ 3,000 , a charge against the institution . This amount the state loaned ( and afterward donated ) to the trustees . The itistitution was opened for pupils May 20 , 1861 , J The new officiary at once set about to place the seminary on a secure basis , and to establish a denominational school equal to any of its kind in this part of the state . In 1870 - 72 , at an expense of $ 16,000 the boarding hall was erected , and in 1873 an effort was made to create a fund of $ 30,000 to pay debts and establish an interest bearing reserve , This attempt was substantially successful , though more than five years passed before the fund was secured . Of the amount Williard Ives , The present trustees are J . B . Hammond , president ; L . S . Rogers , vice - president ; G . W . Hall , treasurer ; and W . D . Marsh , T . D . Hall , G . H . Wood , C . B . Hawkins , O . J . Bishop , S . O . Barnes , C . W . Brooks , C . M . Smith and C . C . Townsend . Secretary of the board , Rev . W . H . Kanoff . In the history of the village the Ives seminary has been an important factor for more than forty years . Its patronage has been drawn from the northern part of the state and largely from this and surround . ing towns . In more recent years the boarding and ladies ' hall has been used by the public school officials of the district . Indeed the presence of the seminary and the advantages offered by its course of study has in a measure retarded other educational interests in the village , and this department of municipal life has not kept In writing of the institutions of Antwerp , a brief reference to the old burial ground is appropriate . The first cemetery plat was the old grounds on the hillside , in the northeast part of the village , but when it was first laid out for burial purposes is not definitely known . The land was donated by David Parish . Among the earliest burials here were those of Richard McAllaster and his wife , the latter January 23 , and he February 11 , 1813 . Hillside cemetery , the present " silent city " of the village Queen of Sheba lodge , F . & A . M . , the first fraternal body of the town was instituted at Antwerp soon after 1820 , but during the antimasonic period suspended , and was not revived ; nor were its records preserved so far as now known . Antwerp lodge , No . 226 , F . & A . M . was instituted in 1847 , and has since maintained a healthful existence . The present members number 139 master masons , Fred Dixon Hall , master ; J . H . Faichney , secretary . Tuscarora lodge , No . 250 , I . O . O . F . , was organized in the village about 1846 , but was dissolved in the course of the next twenty years . It was followed by Antwerp lodge , No . 477 , a healthful organization having seventy - five members . J . A . Faichney , grand , Fred Hoiller , secretary . Notwithstanding the fact that during the last score of years there have been several business reverses which operated against general interests of the locality , the village has ever been progressive and enjoyed a steady growth . Serious fires have destroyed much valuable property , yet generally the old structures were replaced with others more substantial and modern in appearance . Progress appears to have been the watchword of the people , and its results are seen on almost every hand . All business interests are well represented , and there is little evidence of over competition . The mercantile The other manufacturing interests of the village are the Hogan Brothers ' foundry , J . G . Bethel ' s sash , door and blind works , the Augsbury roller flour mill , the electric light plant , the small repair shops and works usual to all villages , while in the near vicinity arc the extensive Copley mills and the Paddock excelsior factory . The First Congregational church of Antwerp was organized in July , 1819 , by Rev . Isaac Clinton , a Presbyterian , then principal of old Lowville academy . It appears that a majority of the inhabitants who constituted the original society were New England Congregationalists , and preferred to be governed by the rules of the church , but as Mr . Clinton was a strict Presbyterian , the society established was hardly in accordance with the actual forms of either church . It was agreed that the minister employed should be of either faith , as chance suggested The Antwerp village Baptist society was organized in 1824 , and ineluded among its members David Coolidge , Jerome Woodbury , Eli Whitford and wife , Walter Colton , Obadiab Chamberlain and Richard Huntley . The early meetings were held in the old school house on the hill , but afterward the society purchased the old ' ' Jubilee " building , erected by Dr . Randall for a dwelling , which they fitted up as a meeting house . In 1843 a church edifice was erected on the hill , the same which was occupied by the Methodist Protestant St . Michael ' s Roman Catholic church at Antwerp was founded in 1849 as a mission , and in that year purchased the old meeting house built in 1816 by David Parish . St . Michael ' s parish includes all the Catholic families in the central part of the town . The priest in charge is Rev . 0 . L . Beadle . St . Paul ' s church ( Episcopal ) of Antwerp , was established in 1866 , although regular services were held in the village for ten or more years previous to that time . The first rector was the Rev . J . Winslow . The church edifice was built in 1871 - 72 , and cost $ 5,500 . St . Paul ' s has now 56 communicants . The rector is Rev . Joseph H . Brown ; wardens , A . L . Hilton and Charles Hocker . The Methodist Episcopal church of Antwerp was organized in July , 1863 , with about 20 members , under the pastoral charge of Rev . Darius Simmons . A brick house of worship was completed and dedicated in January , 1872 , but was burned January 5 , 1877 . A second brick edifice was built on the same site , and was dedicated December 4 , 1877 . This society , numerically , is the strongest in the town , numbering 160 members and 10 probationers . The pastor is W . H . Kanoff . The Antwerp Methodist Protestant society , to which reference has been made , has no present abiding place in the village . However , in 1868 three classes of this denomination were formed in the town , one at Flail ' s corners , another in the Hoard neighborhood , and the third at Rockwell creek , all being under charge of Rev . T . D . White . In 1876 the Hail and Hoard classes united , and for ten or more years held meetings in the old Baptist meeting house in the village . The remaining members Ox Bow . - In 1803 Peter Vrooman came from Johnstown and opened a small log tavern in the south part of what is now the village tract , on the line of the old Oswegatchie road . Pioneer Vrooman ' s selection for a site was fortunate , as the physical features of the surrounding region made this a natural center . Soon after this beginning Gen . Morris made his vast purchase of land from the Antwerp company , and a report was circulated to the effect that he proposed to erect a dwelling for his own occupancy In 1819 Ox Bow was made a post - office , Dr . Benton ( postmaster ) keeping the office in Cooper ' s store . It was afterward removed to the King & Gillett store , opened in 1825 by Rufus Fl , King and John J . Gillett , Cooper ' s former clerks . The village green or square was donated to the public by Mr . Cooper . The great drawback , however , to the village location was the lack of sufficient water power for either saw or grist mills , therefore it never attained From the earliest settlement several stores have been maintained at Ox Bow , together with the shops and other adjuncts of rural villages . There has been nothing in the history of the place to attract business other than being a convenient trading center in a productive agricultural region . The present interests comprise the Payne steam saw mill , the Spraker cheese factory , Clark ' s and Culbutson ' s general stores , Win . Risdell ' s grocery ( he also being postmaster ) , Cooper ' s hardware store , Felt ' s drug store , The Ox Bow Presbyterian society of Rossie and Antwerp was formed May 15 , 1820 , followed soon afterward by the organization of the church . Early meetings were held in the building erected by Mr . Cooper . The first pastor was Rev . James Sanford . In May , 1837 , the church changed its name to " The Associate Reformed church of Antwerp and Rossie . " At about the same time a virtual reorganization was effected , but later on a reunion with the Presbyterian general assembly was accomplished . In 1839 the stone edifice was The first Methodist Episcopal church of Ox Bow was organized in 1872 , with 12 members , but since that time the number has increased to 62 , with three probationers . The house of worship was built for other purposes , but in 1873 was remodeled for occupancy by the society . It is a stone building and presents a comfortable appearance . The present pastor is Rev . C . A . Miller . Sterlingburgh . - In the day of its greatest prosperity , the population of this hamlet was not more than an hundred inhabitants , nor was there more than twenty dwellings within its limits , yet it was an important and historic locality in the history of the town , The water power here was much better than that at Antwerp , therefore in 1816 David Parish began the work of constructing a darn and building a forge . The latter was in use about four years , and was abandoned in 1820 . In 1824 William McAllaster , agent for Parish , Spragueville , or as formerly known , Sprague ' s Corners , is a post hamlet located chiefly on the St . Lawrence county side , but extending into Antwerp . The place was named from Isaac Sprague , one of the earliest settlers in the vicinity . The first settlers ( on the Antwerp side ) were Moses and Robert Parkinson and William Vebber , who came from Massachusetts . The hamlet is a convenient trading point for a productive farming region , and in its gradual building up the church edifices , district school and Carpenter ' s The Methodist Episcopal Church at Spragueville was formed January 12 , 1837 , and in that year the society purchased from Moses Burge a building site on the Antwerp side . A meeting house was then built , which was occupied until replaced by a more substantial structure in 1873 . The society is small and forms a joint charge with Summerville , under the pastoral care of Rev . T . H . McClenthen . The Free Will Baptist Church of Sprague ' s Corners was formed about 1870 , by a union of members of the Antwerp and Fowler Baptist societies , with members of a former Wesleyan Methodist society of the same locality . The Antwerp and Fowler society dated its organization to the year 1838 , soon after which time a house of worship was built at Steele ' s Corners , near the county line . The Wesleyan society was organized September 1 , 1845 , by certain dissenting Methodists of the vicinity . Their meeting house was erected on the At the place called Steele ' s Corners , mentioned in the preceding paragraph , a hotel was built many years ago , and also a store , the owners being Ebenezer Gillet and William Skinner . However , all evidences of the little cross - roads settlement have now disappeared . Its location was about one mile southeast of Spragueville . Nauvoo is a small hamlet of half a dozen dwellings on Indian river , in the southeast part of the town , in the locality where formerly stood a saw and shingle mill . These industries are now gone . The Metho . dist Protestants of this part of the town hold their occasional meetings in the Nauvoo district school . Supervisors . - Dauiel Heald , 1811 - 17 ; Silvius Hoard , 1818 - 19 ; John Howe , 1820 - 22 ; Silvius Hoard , 1823 - 24 ; John Howe , 1825 - 26 ; Joseph H . Bagg , 1827 ; Ralph Rogers , 1828 ; Wm . Skinner , 1829 ; Rufus H . King , 1830 - 32 ; David McAllaster , 1833 - 34 ; Rufus H . King , 1835 ; Edward Fowler , 1836 ; Tilley R . Pratt , 1837 - 38 ; Rufus H . King , 1830 ; Wm . McAllaster Return to [ NY History ] [ History at Rays Place ] [ Rays Place NY Counties - Albany Allegany Broome Cayuga Chatauqua Chenango Clinton Columbia Cortland Dutchess Erie Essex Franklin Fulton Genesee Herkimer Jefferson Lewis Livingston Madison Montgomery Niagara Oneida Onondaga Ontario Orange Orleans Oswego Putnam Queens Rensselaer Richmond Rockland St . Lawrence Saratoga Schenectady Steuben Suffolk Tioga Tompkins Tryone Ulster Washington Wayne Yates All pages copyright 2003 - 2012 . All items on this site are copyrighted by their author ( s ) . 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http://history1900s.about.com/library/holocaust/aa110899.htm | Humanities History & Culture The 20th Century Spanning two world wars , a great depression , and even a moon landing , there was no shortage of conflict and excitement in the 20th century . Find resources , biographies , and timelines to help you understand this period and all its heroes and villains . Article What Is a Constitutional Monarchy ? Definition and Examples Article What Is a Unitary State ? Converse History : The Story Behind the Iconic Chuck Taylors A Brief History of the Young Lords Biography of Strom Thurmond , Segregationist Politician The Chicken Tax and Its Influence on the U.S. Auto Industry List An Overview of the Vietnam War Protests List The McCarthy Era A Brief History of the Doomsday Clock The Lufthansa Heist History of the House Un - American Activities Committee Biography of Saul Alinsky The Story Behind the Phrase " Kilroy Was Here " The Rise and Fall of the Automat A Brief History of the KGB Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW ) A Cultural History of the Zoot Suit Totalitarianism , Authoritarianism , and Fascism Theresienstadt : The " Model " Ghetto The World War II Memorial in Washington DC Learn the History of the Swastika Facts About the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor History of Trench Warfare in World War I Learn About the Mt . St . Helens Eruption That Killed 57 People Louise Brown : The World ' s First - Test Tube Baby Take a Visual Tour of the 20th Century The History of the Balfour Declaration View More Learn more about History & Culture American History African American History African History Ancient History & Culture Asian History European History Family History & Genealogy Inventions Latin American History Medieval & Renaissance History Military History The 20th Century Women ' s History | [
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http://history1900s.about.com/od/1960s/a/yurigagarin.htm | Humanities History & Culture First Man in Space : Yuri Gagarin A Pioneer in Space Flight NASA by Jennifer Rosenberg Updated February 04 , 2019 Who Was Yuri Gagarin ? On board Vostok 1 Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made history on April 12 , 1961 , when he became both the first person in the world to enter space and the first person to orbit the Earth . Dates : March 9 , 1934 - - March 27 , 1968 Also Known As : Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin , Yury Gagarin , Kedr ( call sign ) Childhood of Yuri Gagarin Yuri Gagarin was born in Klushino , a small village west of Moscow in Russia ( then known as the Soviet Union ) . Yuri was the third of four children and spent his childhood on a collective farm where his father , Alexey Ivanovich Gagarin , worked as a carpenter and bricklayer and his mother , Anna Timofeyevna Gagarina , worked as a milkmaid . In 1941 , Yuri Gagarin was just seven years old when the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union . Life was difficult during the war and the Gagarins were kicked out of their home . The Nazis also sent Yuri ' s two sisters to Germany to work as forced laborers . Gagarin Learns to Fly In school , Yuri Gagarin loved both mathematics and physics . He continued on to a trade school , where he learned to be a metalworker and then went on to an industrial school . It was at the industrial school in Saratov that he joined a flying club . Gagarin learned quickly and was obviously at ease in a plane . He made his first solo flight in 1955 . Since Gagarin had discovered a love of flying , he joined the Soviet Air Force . Gagarin ' s skills led him to the Orenburg Aviation School where he learned to fly MiGs . On the same day he graduated from Orenburg with top honors in November 1957 , Yuri Gagarin married his sweetheart , Valentina ( " Valy " ) Ivanovna Goryacheva . ( The couple eventually had two daughters together . ) After graduating , Gagarin was sent on some missions . However , while Gagarin enjoyed being a fighter pilot , what he really wanted to do was to go to space . Since he had been following the Soviet Union ' s progress in space flight , he was confident that soon they would be sending a man into space . He wanted to be that man ; so he volunteered to be a cosmonaut . Gagarin Applies to Be a Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was just one of 3,000 applicants to be the first Soviet cosmonaut . Out of this large pool of applicants , just 20 were chosen in 1960 to be the Soviet Union ' s first cosmonauts ; Gagarin was one of the 20 . During the extensive physical and psychological testing required of the chosen cosmonaut trainees , Gagarin excelled at the tests while maintaining a calm demeanor as well as his sense of humor . Later , Gagarin would be chosen to be the first man into space because of these skills . ( It also helped that he was short in stature since Vostok 1 ' s capsule was small . ) Cosmonaut trainee Gherman Titov was chosen to be the backup in case Gagarin was unable to make the first space flight . Launch of Vostok 1 On April 12 , 1961 , Yuri Gagarin boarded Vostok 1 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome . Although he was fully trained for the mission , no one knew if it was going to be a success or a failure . Gagarin was to be the very first human being in space , truly going where no man had gone before . Minutes before the launch , Gagarin gave a speech , which included : You must realize that it is hard to express my feeling now that the test for which we have been training long and passionately is at hand . I do n ' t have to tell you what I felt when it was suggested that I should make this flight , the first in history . Was it joy ? No , it was something more than that . Pride ? No , it was not just pride . I felt great happiness . To be the first to enter the cosmos , to engage single handed in an unprecedented , with Yuri Gagarin inside , launched on schedule at 9 : 07 a.m. Moscow Time . Just after lift - off , Gagarin reputedly called out , " Poyekhali ! " ( " Off we go ! " ) Gagarin was rocketed into space , using an automated system . Gagarin did not control the spacecraft during his mission ; however , in case of an emergency , Gagarin could have opened an envelope left on board for the override code . He was not given the controls to the spacecraft because many scientists were worried about the psychological effects of being in space ( i.e. they were worried he would go mad ) . After entering space , Gagarin completed a single orbit around Earth . The Vostok 1 ' s top speed reached 28,260 kph ( about 17,600 mph ) . At the end of the orbit , reentered the Earth ' s atmosphere . When was still about 7 km ( 4.35 miles ) from the ground , Gagarin ejected ( as planned ) from the spacecraft and used a parachute to land safely . From launch ( at 9 : 07 a.m. ) to touching down on the ground ( 10 : 55 a.m. ) was 108 minutes , a number often used to describe this mission . Gagarin landed safely with his parachute about ten minutes after Vostok 1 . The calculation of 108 minutes is used because the fact that Gagarin ejected from the spacecraft and parachuted to the ground was kept secret for many years . ( The Soviets did this to get around a technicality about how flights were officially recognized at the time . ) Right before Gagarin landed ( near the village of Uzmoriye , near the Volga River ) , a local farmer and her daughter spotted Gagarin floating down with his parachute . Once on the ground , Gagarin , dressed in an orange spacesuit and wearing a large white helmet , terrified the two women . It took Gagarin a few minutes to convince them that he too was Russian and to direct him to the nearest phone . Gagarin Returns a Hero Nearly as soon as Gagarin ' s feet touched the ground back on Earth , he became an international hero . His accomplishment was known around the globe . He had accomplished what no other human being had ever done before . Yuri Gagarin ' s successful flight into space paved the way for all future space exploration . Gagarin ' s Early Death After his successful first flight into space , Gagarin never again was sent into space . Instead , he helped train future cosmonauts . On March 27 , 1968 , Gagarin was test - piloting a MiG - 15 fighter jet when the plane plummeted to the ground , killing Gagarin instantly . For decades , people speculated about how Gagarin , an experienced pilot , could safely fly to space and back but die during a routine flight . Some thought he was drunk . Others believed that Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev wanted Gagarin dead because he was jealous of the cosmonaut ' s fame . However , in June 2013 , fellow cosmonaut , Alexey Leonov ( the first man to space walk ) , revealed that the accident was caused by a Sukhoi fighter jet that had been flying too low . Traveling at supersonic speed , the jet flew perilously close to Gagarin ' s MiG , likely overturning the MiG with its backwash and sending Gagarin ' s MiG into a deep spiral . Yuri Gagarin ' s death at the young age of 34 deprived the world of a hero . * Yuri Gagarin as quoted in " Excerpts from Yuri Gagarin ' s speech before his departure on Vostok 1 , " Russian Archives Online . URL : http : / / www . russianarchives . com / gallery / gagarin / gagarin_speech . html Date accessed : May 5 , 2010 | [
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"Yuri Gagarin"
] |
http://history1900s.about.com/od/1980s/qt/glasnost.htm | Humanities History & Culture Glasnost and Perestroika Mikhail Gorbachev ' s revolutionary new policies by Jennifer Rosenberg Updated February 13 , 2019 When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in March 1985 , the country had already been steeped in oppression , secrecy , and suspicion for over six decades . Gorbachev wanted to change that . Within his first few years as general secretary of the Soviet Union , Gorbachev instituted the policies of glasnost ( " openness " ) and perestroika ( " restructuring " ) , which opened the door to criticism and change . These were revolutionary ideas in the stagnant Soviet Union and would ultimately destroy it . What Was Glasnost ? Glasnost , which translates to " openness " in English , was General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev ' s policy for a new , open policy in the Soviet Union where people could freely express their opinions . With glasnost , Soviet citizens no longer had to worry about neighbors , friends , and acquaintances turning them into the KGB for whispering something that could be construed as criticism of the government or its leaders . They no longer had to worry about arrest and exile for a negative thought against the State . Glasnost allowed the Soviet people to reexamine their history , voice their opinions on governmental policies , and receive news not pre - approved by the government . What Was Perestroika ? Perestroika , which in English translates to " restructuring , " was Gorbachev ' s program to restructure the Soviet economy in an attempt to revitalize it . To restructure , Gorbachev decentralized the controls over the economy , effectively lessening the government ' s role in the decision - making processes of individual enterprises . Perestroika also hoped to improve production levels by bettering the lives of workers , including giving them more recreation time and safer working conditions . The overall perception of work in the Soviet Union was to be changed from corruption to honesty , from slacking to hard work . Individual workers , it was hoped , would take a personal interest in their work and would be rewarded for helping to better production levels . Did These Policies Work ? Gorbachev ' s policies of glasnost and perestroika changed the fabric of the Soviet Union . It allowed citizens to clamor for better living conditions , more freedoms , and an end to Communism While Gorbachev had hoped his policies would revitalize the Soviet Union , they instead destroyed it . By 1989 , the Berlin Wall fell and by 1991 , the Soviet Union disintegrated . What had once been a single country , became 15 separate republics . Continue Reading | [
"Glasnost",
"Perestroika",
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http://historyatlanta.com/woody-willow/ | Home Everything People Things Woody Willow Woody Willow Conor Lee 12192013 Everything People Things The Woody Willow Marionette on April 12th 1957 Georgia State University Library He was there when Atlantas first television station turned on the transmitter in September of 1948 reaching an estimated 500 television sets in the Atlanta area Woody Willow debuted with WSBTV considered by many to be the Souths first television station not only Atlantas And he was their biggest star He was clearly inspired by Howdy Doody and fit the child audience of the 1950s like cowboy hats upon Gene Autrys head The rancher marionette was created by Don and Ruth Gilpin specifically for the WSBTV dedication ceremony in Atlanta and he was the most popular performer at the event Remarkable success followed Woody for the next eight years The good showing at the WSBTV dedication ceremony steamrolled into an Atlanta television program started in late 1948 He was more popular in the Atlanta area than Howdy Doody with an opening theme song that infected the live studio audience Hail hail the gangs all here Its time for Woody Willow Its time for Woody Willow Woody Willow was WSBTVs first regularly scheduled program and Atlanta children adored the show with some audience members waiting a year to see a live broadcast Of course this could be fake publicity hawked up by the enterprise behind the first Atlanta television station WSBTV was started by James M Cox and his company at Miami Valley Broadcasting which later became Cox Enterprises An Early Woody Willow Set on October 14th 1949 Georgia State University Library The early television station resided under the Miami Valley Broadcasting umbrella which included NBC affiliated radio stations Naturally Coxs new WSBTV became a NBC affiliate and used RCA technology including the awesomely cool RCA TK30s until the late 1960s Don and Ruth Gilpin were the minds and operators behind Woody Willow The husband and wife team had married in 1941 Before marriage Ruth attended the University of Pittsburgh while Don attended The Ohio State University both majoring in Drama Woody Willow Don Gilpin and Ruth Gilpin Outside of Woodys Workshop on September 17th 1953 Georgia State University Library After the marriage the young couple traveled the world with their touring puppet company The Gilpin Marionettes In the early days it was a mix of school assemblies vaudeville theaters and smokey night clubs The Gilpins even did a 13 month European USO tour performing for the troops In 1947 they were doing a marionette show at the Bowery Club in Detroit and were discovered by a local television producer for the budding WWJTV They did a few bits for the new television medium in Detroit and continued onto the Caribbean performing in Jamaica and other island countries Woody Willow Advertising Mason Mints on March 8th 1949 with Don Gilpin Georgia State University Library On their return from the islands the couple stopped over in Atlanta When Don read the local NBC radio affiliate was opening a television station he decided to make a call to Miami Valley Broadcasting Because of their previous work in Detroit the new Atlanta station gave the Gilpins a chance in September of 1948 for the televised opening ceremony So the couple created the cowboy Woody Willow for the opening show It was a lucky break What started as a layover in Atlanta turned into eight years writing producing and performing the Woody Willow Show It was five nights a week and aired at 4 pm originally on Channel 8 thank you Ford Chance for the correct time Don and Ruth Gilpin Operating Woody and the Gang Center for Puppetry Arts Ruth voiced and operated Woody while Don wrote scripts and stood out in front talking with the assorted characters that stopped by Woody Willows Work Shop And it was a strange assortment Visitors included local animals and plants sinister magicians and jealous witches They was a time span that included aliens and other extraterrestrials visiting Woody from space But the star was always Woody Willow The Woody Willow Show lasted until 1956 by that time the hour had been reduced to thirty minutes Woody continued appearing at childrens birthday parties and other private events until 1979 Bob Hope on the Woody Willow Show on WSBTV Atlanta in 1955 History Atlanta 2013 After the eight years performing Woody Willow on Atlanta television Don and Ruth moved back to Ohio in 1956 Don received a graduate degree in Educational Broadcasting and started teaching After two years the couple moved back to Atlanta where Don worked on children programming for Channel 30 for 20 years retiring as a production manager Don and Ruth Gilpin along with their characters are partly retired in Florida The entire Gilpin collection 125 puppets and marionettes are held permanently at the Center for Puppetry Arts in Atlanta For more information on Woody Willow and other cool puppets from Atlanta history visit the Center for Puppetry Arts website here Some of the Gilpin Characters in Woody Willows Strange World Warty Witch One of the original puppets hated Woody because he had a television show Hilda A strong woman known for lifting heavy objects Mr Moon A sinister magician Mr Grouch An absentminded professor who traveled through space It was through his space exploration many aliens were introduced Toot Toot A visitor from the planet Tradledoo survives on Geranium leaves The station would receive letters stuffed with Geranium leaves from children after episodes featuring Toot Toot Dr Repeato A wise doctor with a speech impediment that made him repeat everything twice Madam Fairplay Dr Repeatos girl he was always oblivious to her advances Tommy Termite King of the termites but was nice he only ate scrap lumber Connie Cornfield Basically a walking commercial for the Cornfield Weiner Company a major sponsor of the show Other Characters in the Gilpins Broom Santa Claus Wiley Wildcat Moccasin Mike Foxy the Fox Cricket Man George Mr Beaver Mrs Beaver Baby Beaver Mabel Caspar the Ghost Old Weed Spud Carrot Beat Bear Sandy Billy Mrs Skeleton Chimp Dinah JoJo Juniper Senor Cadenza Senorita Allegro FiFi the Stasco Man and Lil Rabbit Don and Ruth Gilpin Unknown Date Center for Puppetry Arts Jon Hall of Ramar of the Jungle on the Woody Willow Show in 1954 Georgia State University Library Rex Allen the Arizona Cowboy on the Woody Willow Show on May 22nd 1952 Georgia State University Library The Woody Willow Audience in 1949 Some Would Wait a Year to See a Live Broadcast Georgia State University Library Atlanta Atlanta history Center for Puppetry Arts marionettes puppets television history The Woody Willow Show Woody Willow WSBTV The Wrens Nest Hammonds House Museum | [
"Woody Willow",
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http://historyaustralia.org.au/twconvic/Friendship+1788 | Friendship 1788 | 1788 | Year Index | The First Fleet transport ship Friendship . The Friendship was built in 1784 at Scarborough and was a brig with a burthen of 278 tons . On her return voyage to England , in company with the Alexander , her crew was so badly affected by scurvy that the decision was made , on 28 October 1788 , to scuttle the Friendship off the coast of Borneo . There were only sufficient able bodied crew to manage one ship so all the crew from the Friendship boarded the Alexander . Convicts and Free on the transport ship Friendship - 1788 The First Fleet sailed from Portsmouth in England in May 1787 and comprised eleven ships ( 2 naval vessels , 3 store ships and six transports ) . The Friendship was one of the transports and carried 76 male convicts and 21 female convicts ( according to the book " The Convict Ships " by Charles Bateson ) Convicts on this List â € “ 98 Free arrivals ( including Shipâ € ™ s crew ) â € “ 50 ENTRY NAME STATUS CRIME COURT DATE SENTENCE Arndell , Thomas Came Free - Assistant Surgeon Ayres , William Convict Highway Robbery with violence Winchester , Hampshire 29 July 1783 Death commuted to 7 years Barnett , Daniel Convict Steal property of the King ( Iron Grapplings ) Winchester , Hampshire 29 July 1783 7 years Batley , Walter Steal a large quantity of naval clothing Exeter 25 May 1784 7 years Baughan , James Came Free - Child of Convict Baughan , John Steal 5 woolen blankets Oxford 30 July 1783 Bayliss , John Theft of 3 silver shoe buckle bridges and half an ounce of silver Middlesex Old Bailey 25 Feb . 1784 Bennett , John Highway Robbery Salop , Shrewsbury 18 Mar . 1786 Berry , John Steal 3 pair of stockings Bristol Quarter Sessions 23 Nov . 1785 Best , John Steal shoe buckles , clothing , a pair of saddlebags & other items London Old Bailey 29 Oct . 1783 Bishop , Joseph Steal 7 handkerchiefs Old Bailey 10 Dec . 1783 Bishop , Thomas Private - Royal Marines Brand , Curtis Steal 2 gamecocks Maidstone , Kent 6 Jan . 1784 Brice , William Steal a looking glass from a shop in Bristol Bristol 11 Feb . 1785 Browning , William Private - Royal Marines 51st ( Plymouth ) Company Bruce , William Ship ' s Cook Bryant , Michael Receive and pawn stolen clothing London Old Bailey 10 Dec . 1783 14 years Burn , Patrick Assault & steal on King ' s Highway Exeter 11 Aug . 1783 Death commuted to 7 years Burn , Simon Highway Assault & steal a Tin Box ,  £ 1 / 11 / - and other goods 11 Aug . 1783 Carroll , Mary Steal a linen sheet and a linen shirt 25 Oct . 1786 Carter , Richard Steal 15 bushels of malt in five hempen bags Shrewsbury 13 Mar . 1784 Chipp , Thomas Private - Royal Marines 42nd ( Plymouth ) Company Clare , George Theft of 60 yards of corded dimity from a warehouse Old Bailey 26 Feb . 1783 Clark , Elizabeth Steal clothing valued at 6s . 6p . Derby 11 Jan . 1785 Clark , Ralph 2nd Lieutenant - Royal Marines Cusley , Benjamin Private - Royal Marines 57th ( Plymouth ) Company Davis , Richard Steal a large quantity of clothing from a cart Middlesex Old Bailey 10 Sep . 1783 Davis , William Steal a wether sheep Shrewsbury , Salop 14 Apr . 1784 Delany , Patrick Highway Robbery York 8 Mar . 1783 Dempsey , William Private - Royal Marines 40th ( Chatham ) Company Dodding , James Steal a pair of sheets and pillow cases 25 Feb . 1784 Dudgeon , Elizabeth Steal money 10 Sep . 1783 Duheg , Cornelius Seaman Dukes , Richard Private - Royal Marines 55th ( Portsmouth ) Company Early , Rachel Steal Ribbon , Tea , Tobacco , Sugar Reading 24 July 1786 Edwards , William Steal clothing Westminster Jan . 1784 Elliott , Joseph Steal a tobacco pouch Bristol 24 Nov . 1784 Ellis , William Private - Royal Marines 9th ( Plymouth ) Company Evans , William Steal 1 mare Shrewsbury 12 Mar . 1785 Faddy , William 2nd Lieutenant - Royal Marines Farley , William Steal sugar from a warehouse 10 Feb . 1785 Field , William Highway robbery Winchester Finlow , John Highway Assault and Robbery Flynn , Edward Steal 11 pair of breeches 14 Jan . 1784 Folly , John Private - Royal Marines 47th ( Portsmouth ) Company George , Robert Seaman Godfrey , William Private - Royal Marines 30th Company Gough , Susannah Steal Money Grace , James Steal from a shop 1 pair of silk stockings & 10 yards silk ribbon 14 Jan . 1784 Granger , Charles Steal 1 quilt and 2 sheets Plymouth 20 Dec . 1786 Grant , James Private - Royal Marines 55th Company Green , Charles Private - Royal Marines 8th Company Green , Hannah Steal 4 hats 9 Sep . 1783 Griffiths , John Private - Royal Marines 51st Company Hall , Margaret Steal a screw box containing money & jewellery 4 Dec . 1782 Hart , Frances Receive stolen goods 14 years Hawk , John Haynes , William Assault on King ' s highway & theft of money Henley , Cooper Assault on King ' s Highway & theft of  £ 1 Wiltshire 8 Mar . 1783 Hern , William Ship ' s Steward Hervey , Elizabeth Break & enter and theft of clothing Bury St Edmonds 23 Mar . 1784 Death commuted to 14 years Hill , Thomas Steal 1 silver watch from a shop Dorchester , Dorset 13 Mar . 1783 Holmes , Susannah Steal many linen items Thetford 19 Mar . 1784 Death commuted to 14 years Hudson , John Steal from a dwelling Hughes , Thomas Steal 1 gelding 20 Feb . 1783 Hussey , Samuel Steal 1 black colt Oxford 3 Mar . 1784 Jamison , James Steal 2 waistcoats , a watch & other items Maidstone 19 Mar . 1784 Jones , Richard Steal 4 bullocks 4 Aug . 1784 Jones , Thomas Break & Enter 30 Mar . 1784 Jones , Thomas Private - Royal Marines Jones , William Steal a purse containing 4 gold guineas and 12 shillings Shrewsbury , Salop 12 Mar . 1785 Kable , Henry Break , Enter and Steal Thetford , Norfolk 14 Mar . 1783 Lambeth , John Steal a promissory note and money 29 Mar . 1785 Lavell , Henry Forge & Counterfeit 4 Dec . 1782 Death commuted to Life Lawrence , Robert First Mate Leary , Jeremiah Break , Enter & Steal 30 Mar . 1784 Legrove , Stephen Steal 118 Norwegian deal boards valued at  £ 10 Lewis , Thomas Lloyd , John Steal 1 wooden till & money Mackey , James Steal 2 waistcoats 10 Nov . 1783 Mason , Elizabeth Steal a leather purse containing 15 gold guineas Gloucester 23 Mar . 1785 Mason , William Private - Royal Marines 18th Company McCarthy , John Private - Royal Marines 21st Company McCormack , Mary Receive stolen goods Liverpool 12 Aug . 1784 7 years McCormick , Sarah Steal 2 pieces of gold Manchester 4 May 1786 McDeed , Richard Steal six guineas 30 Apr . 1783 McDonald , Alexander Private - Royal Marines 20th ( Portsmouth ) Company McGrah , Redman Break and enter a shop and steal many items 29 Oct . 1783 McNamara , William Steal 1 pair of stone knee buckles Meredith , James Captain - Royal Marines 24th Company Mills , Mathew 30 July 1783 Morley , Joseph Assault & Steal on King ' s Highway Winchester 3 Mar . 1783 Murphy , James Neal , James Steal sugar from a warehouse 10 Feb . 1785 Norris , William Private - Royal Marines 36th Company Oldfield , Isabella Steal 3 pieces of cloth Manchester 20 July 1786 Oldfield , Thomas Steal 3 pieces of cloth 20 July 1786 Owen , Joseph Receiving stolen goods Parker , Ann Came Free - Child of Convict Parker , Elizabeth Steal a linen gown Gloucester 23 Mar . 1785 Parkinson , Edward Came Free - Child of Convict Parkinson , Jane Steal several yards of fustian cloth 24 July 1785 Penny , John Steal clothing and linen valued at  £ 15 / 4 / - Perkins , Edward Steal 1 fowl Plymouth 26 Jan . 1785 7 years Petherick , John Steal 1 pair of breeches 31 Jan . 1785 Plowman , James Corporal - Royal Marines 6th Company Plyer , George Private - Royal Marines 30th Company Pound , Elizabeth Came Free - Spouse of a Marine Pritchard , Thomas Steal 50 lb weight of lead Pugh , Edward Steal 1 greatcoat 5 Oct . 1784 Pulley , Elizabeth Steal 10 lb cheese , 3 lb of bacon & 2 lb raisins Thetford , Norfolk 14 Mar . 1783 Roberts , John Private - Royal Marines 42nd ( Plymouth ) Company Rous , Walton Steal 7 woolen sailor ' s jackets Rowden , Thomas Private - Royal Marines 21st Company Royan , John Russell , John Private - Royal Marines 15th ( Plymouth ) Company Russell , Mary Came Free - Child of a Marine Russell , Thomas Came Free - Child of a Marine Ryan , John Steal clothing and a hat Sandell , Richard Seaman Shortland , John Jnr . Second Mate - Royal Navy Sidaway , Robert Steal a deal box containing clothing 11 Sep . 1782 Spence , John Steal 2 canisters of tea Stephens , Robert Stretch , Thomas Break , Enter & Steal Also a charge of stealing goods 16 Aug . 1783 Taylor , Henry Steal 12 iron bars and railings from a building Tenhel , John Steal 25 lb of black pepper & other goods Thackery , Elizabeth Steal 5 handkerchiefs 4 May 1786 Thatcher , John Private - Royal Marines 59th Company Thodie , James Steal 2 silk gowns 3 July 1782 Tucker , Moses Obtain money under false pretences 7 June 1786 Turner , John Steal a small cask of beer Maidstone Easter 1783 Turner , Thomas Assault & Steal on King ' s Highway 6 Mar . 1782 Twyfield , Roger Break , Enter & Steal 24 lb weight of tallow Vallance , Patrick Second Mate Walton , Francis Ship ' s Master Ware , Charlotte Steal 5 pair of stockings Watkins , Mary Steal Clothing Cowbridge , Glamorgan , Wales 25 Apr . 1786 Watts , John Williams , Thomas Private - Royal Marines 33rd ( Plymouth ) Company Wisehammer , John Steal Snuff from a shop Wood , Mark Steal ten cloth coats Wood , Mary Steal 10 coats Woodcock , Francis Steal 1 sheep 13 Mar . 1784 Yardsley , Thomas 3 of 5 charges were proven against Thomas 4 Aug . 1784 Young , Elizabeth Came Free - Marine ' s Wife Young , John Came Free - Marine ' s Child Young , Thomas Sergeant - Royal Marines This information has been prepared from multiple sources including the AJCP microfilms of Convict Indents and New South Wales Early Church Records . As with any work of this nature errors of omission or commission may be present . Information contained on this site is believed to be accurate at the time of publication . Whilst every care has been taken to ensure the information is accurate , it is recommended that you confirm the information on these pages by checking it against primary source material . We can not be held liable for any error or omission in this The Convict Stockade by Scott Brown & HistoryAustralia is licensed under a Creative Commons ) ) Attribution - Non - Commercial - Share ( ( Alike 2.5 Australia License  © 2010 â € “ HistoryAustralia ABN : 15 396 357 943 Created by ozgenie . Last Modification : Tuesday 30 of March , 2010 11 : 31 : 05 AEDT by ozgenie Source History Comments | [
"Error"
] |
http://historycooperative.org/althea-gibson-the-birth-of-a-champion/ | Althea Gibson : the Birth of a Champion by History Cooperative in People 2 Related Articles History of The Airplane History of the Prepper Movement : From Paranoid Radicals to Mainstream John Ford : Life before the directors chair Image Credit : ESPN . com Althea Gibson was born in 1927 in Carolina , her parents were poor and their lively hood was under threat . As cotton pickers they received a small percentage of the profits for their labour but America was in the grips of savage drought and for three consecutive years the crops failed forcing them to uproot their small family . Althea was three when her parents moved her to their new home in Harlem , coming from a rural existence to a bad neighbourhood was n ’ t the ideal , but a person does what they have to do Her parents were strict but that did n ’ t seem to faze the strong willed Althea . She never really fitted in at school and surrounded by poverty , she quickly lost hope in system . Althea started bunking school and got into trouble with the law , she lacked direction and a healthy outlet for her excess energy . Her deviant behaviour and lack of respect for school and authority figures landed her in hot water and she was heading toward reform school at the tender age of ten . “ Never give up on a child ” Althea was by no means the only kid in her area headed down the wrong track and the police took it upon themselves to start a sports programme aimed at teaching kids a bit of responsibility . On a make shift paddle court , set up in the court yard outside her parents flat , Althea stood and listened to Buddy Walker explain the rules . For the first time she felt a twinge of excitement , the racket felt good in her hands and as she threw the ball up ready to make her first underhand serve her whole life changed . No longer would she be Althea the problem child , she would be Althea the child prodigy . She would play for hours on the court , daring people to challenge her . Two Althea finally found something she was good at and the people around her noticed her talent and dedication , Buddy Walker took her down to the Harlem Cosmopolitan club and introduced her to tennis . She played her first game against the club champ and amazed everyone watching . Rhoda Smith was in the stands that day and saw Altheas talent for the sport . Rhoda and Buddy took her under their wing , tennis was n ’ t a cheap sport but with their help she managed to get the right clothes and equipment and even her first junior Althea walked onto the tennis court in 1941 , she was 14 years old , it was a warm summer ’ s day in New York . She had been playing tennis for just over a year and yet stood in front of a crowd preparing to serve for the African American New York State Tennis Champion Title . Althea was ruthless on the court , spared the privileged upbringing of most involved with the sport she brought a raw energy never seen before . Each point was as if it was a life or death dual fought between serves “ No matter what accomplishment you make , somebody helped you ” Rhoda and Buddy were the first of many who would see Althea ’ s passion and talent . By the age of 18 they had groomed her into an accomplished player but she needed more , Althea had a gift for the game and surpassed her coach ’ s ability to guide her on the next step of her Journey . Two surgeons proactive in developing the game noticed her at the ATA championships , they offered her free board and the opportunity to train full time while completing her high school . Althea jumped at the opportunity , practising 8 hours a day , seven days a week . She worked hard and it paid off on both the tennis court and in her academics , Althea finished in the top ten of her class and was awarded a scholarship for college and in 1946 she managed to win her first National ATA championship , something that had alluded her until now . Althea would go onto defend this title successfully for the next ten years dominating the African American circuit . Althea was at the top of her game and had her sights set on world domination , her lack of direction replaced with a burning desire to be the best and thanks to the people who believed and mentored her it all seemed possible . “ I do n ’ t consciously beat the drums for any cause , not even the Negro in the United States . ” Althea was the best and knew it , but she was a black woman born into a world where the colour of your skin determined your place in life . Her attempts to enter matches falling under the control of the United States Lawn Tennis Association were futile , they had a strict white ’ s only policy and slammed the door in her black face . Althea was not fighting for equal rights , nor was she trying to break down the walls of segregation , her fight was not political , her desire was selfish – Althea wanted In July 1950 Alice Marble wrote a historical letter , “ If Althea Gibson represents a challenge to the present crop of woman players , it is only fair that they should meet the challenge on courts . ” Alice ’ s letter went on to call the association , a group of sanctimonious hypocrites . Her letter managed to hit a nerve and people started to question a ranking system that excluded ethnic groups . In August on 1950 , Althea entered the gated community surrounding Forest Hills , the Tudor style club house towered above her . She had made it , she was finally going to get the chance to prove to the world who she was . Her opponent was Denise Brough , the current world champion . The crowd stood jeering insults as she stepped onto the court , but Althea managed to block them out . She fought hard and was ruthless leading the world champion in a tie breaker . The energy was electric and the championship was within her grasp . Suddenly the clouds pulled over and the heavens cried , Althea stood in disbelief as bolt of thunder smashed into the bronze eagle on the roof knocking it off its pedestal . She had come so far , fought so hard , “ From 143 rd Street in Harlem to the center court in Wimbledon is about as far as one can travel . ” In 1956 Althea was invited to play at Wimbledon an event she had aspired to her entire life and even though racial tension brewed in the states , she looked set for world domination . As she stood in the center court , her heart raced all she could do to steady her nerves was concentrate on destroying her competition . The match proved to be too much for her though , narrowly losing in the final round of the woman ’ s singles . She went on to play in the doubles final with Angela Buxton and the two This victory gave her the confidence and her narrow loss fuelled her desire to come back twice as hard , setting the stage for what she called the year of her life . In 1957 she toured around the world wining championship match after championship match . But she could never let her guard down , she was still a black woman in a sea of white . When she stepped out onto the court regardless of where it was in the world the crowds would cheer for her white opponent to beat her , she used this to fuel By the time she walked down the hallowed passage leading out to center court , Althea had come a long way and was no longer the nervous Negro girl entering Forest Hills , she exuded confidence and her opponents were intimidated by her standoff personality and aggressive style of play . Wimbledon would be her ultimate challenge , she knew if she won Wimbledon she would be that much closer to being crowned the Queen of tennis . Althea did n ’ t seem to care who her opponent was all she wanted to do was beat them and not “ Being a champion is all well and good , but you ca n ’ t eat your crown ” Althea returned to Wimbledon and successfully defended her title the following year , but the life of a ‘ tennis bum ’ was financially taxing , there were no endorsements and players only received a small sum to cover their expenses whilst on tour . She was crowned the Queen of tennis but reigned over an empty bank account and when she returned home at the end of the season was forced to make a difficult decision . Having achieved fame but not the fortune , Althea retired from the tennis circuit after winning 56 national and international tiles and started pursuing more financially viable ventures . Turning professional she played exhibition matches for the Harlem globe trotters , released an album and even made it to the big screen acting in a Western movie alongside John Wayne . But what surprised her many sports fans was her adaptability and seeing an opportunity to make some money she started playing golf . Althea not only broke through the boundaries of one elitist sport but two and became the first professional Female African American golfer . Although she never achieved the same success on the golf course , it goes without saying that just being there was a remarkable achievement . Althea went on to coach women ’ s sport in the early 70 ’ s and later worked for Department of Recreation and served on the State Athletics Board before becoming a supervisor of the Governor ’ s Council on Physical Fitness . “ I always wanted to be somebody . ” Althea always had a strong will to be the best and rose to meet every challenge , she did n ’ t always win but she got back up and made sure she came back even stronger . It important to take a few moments to step into her shoes and look at the obstacles she fought so hard to overcome . Althea was a black woman born into a world dominated by racial segregation and sexist views , yet she never protested or used it as an excuse for failure . She accepted the challenge and rose above those who wished to supress her . One can scarce imagine the guts it took to walk out onto the court , the first black woman to stand on the hallowed ground of Forest Hill , breaking every boundary with silent rebellion and a steady hand and even after all her success , she was still denied the basic respect and rights afforded to her white opponents . Forced to leave the venue after winning a match , having to change in her car as she was banned from the white ’ s only locker rooms and club houses . Her drive to be the best pushed Fame does not always mean fortune and for the best part of Althea ’ s life she lived month to month , afraid to get sick or turn down an invitations to play . Being seen as a novelty and used to attract crowds , her accomplishments on the courts were a bitter sweet victory and , she never managed to attain the same financial worth as the white players she ruthlessly thrashed . Althea was forced on numerous occasions to validate her desire to play tennis in a world that clearly was n ’ t ready for her . Althea was a force to be reckoned with and took everything in her stride , even in her bleakest times she never failed to inspire those around her as she smashed down the walls that tried to contain her wild and unrelenting spirit . She opened the doors for so many black woman and has been sighted as an inspiration by the Williams sisters who decades later followed in her footsteps . Althea Gibson died in 2003 , her later life marred by arthritis and debilitating strokes . The Queen of tennis had ruled the world , but became destitute eventually needing to ask for assistance to cover her ever growing medical bills . Her once athletic frame confined to a wheelchair , the greatest tennis player became a shadow of her former self but her heart and passion never wavered . Althea ’ s legacy continues to inspire girls all around the world and she has been fondly remembered in numerous documentaries and motion pictures about her life . For her accomplishments on the court she was inducted into both the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women ’ s Sports Hall of fame . Althea was also the first woman to receive the NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award . She is hailed as a pioneer for breaking down the barriers of segregation in sports and is honoured by numerous Black History movements both in the states and around the Althea Gibson managed to not only become someone , she became someone worth remembering and paying tribute to . History Cooperative The History Cooperative is a collective of history buffs , interested authors , and dedicated technical staff who share a love for history . If you would love to help share this love , you can start by filling out a contribution form here | [
"Althea Gibson",
"tennis player",
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http://historycooperative.org/the-history-of-the-iphone/ | The History of the iPhone 2007 2019 Related Articles A History of E Books Sputnik A Brief History of the Dawn of the Space Race A Browse Through the History of the Internet The iPhone is one of the worlds most iconic devices and in the grand scheme of things it isnt very old But when did it begin Where did the idea come from The very first iPhone was unveiled in January 2007 at the MacWorld convention Steve Jobs revealed what Apple had been developing for nearly 3 years and for its time it represented the cutting edge of technology The device was introduced as an iPod with a wider screen controlled by touch instead of physical buttons In short it was a mobile phone and a device to communicate with the internet At the time Jobs told the audience that this device would reinvent the phone While revealing the design of this new device Jobs took time out to make fun of the current smartphones on the market ones that relied on a physical keyboard and were unwieldy to use He showed off how simple it was to control a phone using simple touch gestures on a screen and the audience was hooked 11 years on from that unveiling the iPhone is still top of the hill At one time market shares did start to decline especially as they were under constant attack from cheaper smartphones such as Samsung and LG However their last couple of devices have seen that share shoot straight back up allowing Apple to keep on polishing their crown So to commemorate 11 years of the iPhone were going to look at each different iteration that Apple released June 29 th 2007 The iPhone 2G The First iPhone was released The iPhone 2G was a GSM model and dictated the future of the form factor for the iPhone Since its release Apple has stayed with the same form only making minimal changes When it was released it earned the nickname the Jesus Phone because people were so amazed at its capabilities The iPhone 2G was released in 3 separate storage models 4 GB 8 GB and 16 GB July 11 th 2008 iPhone 3G Following on just a year after the first one Apple released their second iPhone They introduced a couple of new features like Assisted GPS and a 3G connection The iOS was given an update and now included features such as Push email and turnbynavigation This was the first iPhone to be accompanied by the revolutionary new Apple App store where users could find thirdparty apps to help them in their day to day use of the iPhone June 19 th 2009 iPhone 3GS The iPhone 3GS was the first iPhone to receive an interim update denoted by the S Apple produced an upgraded 3G with a faster processor It had a much higher resolution camera on it that could capture an astonishing for its time 480p video and support was included for voice controls June 24 th 2010 iPhone 4 Apple broke the mould with the iPhone 4 making it the very first to have an incredibly highresolution display known as Retina As well as that they gave the iPhone camera an update making it 5 megapixels and they added in a front camera for video calling This was the first iPhone to receive a design change the rounded rear panel replaced with a flat one giving the iPhone the honour of being classed as the thinnest smartphone in the world The phone was given a stainless steel frame and a brand new allsinging all dancing A4 processor designed to help with the multitasking functions October 14 th 2011 iPhone 4S Apple changed their release cycle with the iPhone 4S moving it to the fall rather than summer months The iPhone 4s proved to be the best that Apple had ever released It got a camera upgrade to the 8megapixel iSight camera that we know and love today with the ability to record video at 1080p It got a brand new processor the A5 dualcore chip and it got Siri Siri is Apples very own intelligent voice assistant that changed the way we used our iPhones With the iPhone 4S we got access to iCloud and iMessage We got a notification centre and reminders and Apple even gave is Twitter integration The iPhone 4S was released just 9 days after the death of Steve Jobs after he lost his battle with pancreatic cancer September 21 st 2012 iPhone 5 When the iPhone 5 was released it broke all sales records to date And no wonder It had a dualcore A6 chip in it The display grew to 4 and the 30pin connector that they had always used was gone replaced with a digital lightning connector The iPhone 5 got an aluminium frame instead of stainless steel making it lighter than ever before It was also the very first iPhone to include LTE support September 20 th 2013 iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C For the first time ever Apple released 2 iPhones in one hit The iPhone 5C is an upgraded version of the iPhone 5 with a polycarbonate shell in 5 different colours The iPhone 5S was a work of art the new flagship for Apple Not only did it contain a revolutionary new processor the A7 64bit twice as fast as the iPhone 5 it also contained another processor the M7 Motion Control coprocessor It had Touch D a fingerprint sensor embedded in the Home button The camera was given a bigger aperture and a dual LED flash and the iPhone 5S got the privilege of being the first to run on the allnew iOS 7 firmware At the time of release the iPhone 5 was discontinued a little more than a year after release September 19 2014 iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus Apple once again launches two iPhones in just one year Display quality is the focus here with the display packing dualdomain pixels which allows for wider and better viewing angles backed up with Apples A8 64bit chipsets and a new M8 motion coprocessor for even better performance than its predecessors Both phones feature builtin NFCfunctionality allowing users to make payments with their iPhone across the United States through Apples newly released payment system Apple Pay with the iPhone 6 Plus coming out on top in battery life screen size and resolution September 25 2015 iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus The iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus pick up where their older counterparts left off in 2014 with an upgraded A9 64bit processor and M9 motion coprocessor for incredible results The iPhone 6S also brings with it a new feature 3D Touch This means that the display on the iPhone 6s can distinguish between a tap a light press and a hard press opening up a whole new spectrum of possibilities for user interaction Camera quality has also been upgraded from its older counterpart March 31 2016 iPhone SE A crowd favourite and almost identical replacement to the iPhone 5S Its small size upgraded processor and high definition camera topped the popularity charts and had such large demand that Apple rereleased it again on March 24 2017 with bigger storage capabilities September 16 2016 iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus The year of disappointment Apple garnered controversy for the removal of the 35mm headphone jack with critics stating that such a drastic change required courage On the positive spectrum the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus included additional colour options Matte and Jet Black water and dust resistance and the Apple A10 quadcore chip for maximum processing power September 22 2017 iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus The iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus bring with them the option of wireless charging a faster processor and improved camera and displays There was also a small percentage of iPhone 8 users experiencing problems such as frozen screens and unresponsiveness These unfortunate users were compensated with a free replacement This issue was not found on the iPhone 8 Plus November 3 2017 iPhone X Showcased as the future of phones Apple went all out with the iPhone X Featuring OLED screen technology the colours and display that users experience are on a whole new level and regarded as the highest quality visual displays to date Face ID is also a brand new feature utilizing facial recognition technology to scan the users face to unlock the phone providing a fresh alternative to the standard password authentication method weve been accustomed to September 21 2018 iPhone XS and iPhone XS Max Using what was perfected and building upon it the iPhone XS and XS Max are everything people love about the iPhone X with a touch of improvements Apples A12 Bionic processor is the spotlight here and is the first 7nanometer chip to be available on the market boasting six cores while being extremely small to take performance to a whole new level Lab tests reveal the XS to be extremely water resistant subjected to chlorinated water salt water tea wine beer and various fruit juices Cant decide on an XS or XS Max The only difference is that the XS Max is larger in size October 26 2018 iPhone XR Taking resolution display even further the iPhone XR features a 61 inch liquid retina LCD display for stunning colour visuals claimed by Apple to be the most advanced and colour accurate in the industry Not to be confused with its XS counterparts the XR does not feature an OLED screen Nevertheless its visuals are just as stunning Authors Note Summary The XS and XS Max have an optical zoom feature feature OLED screen technology and can withstand even the toughest beverages The XR does not have optical zoom uses an LCD display and is probably not going to survive being dunked in your favourite summertime drink Other recent developments Jailbreaking and Unlocking Whilst Apple is still working on developing newer faster and more innovative technology people outside Apple have been slowly tinkering with ways to modify and upgrade the iPhone in ways that Apple doesnt quite approve of Jailbreaking the process of hacking into the iPhones operating system for the purpose of being able to adjust the way the iPhone operates first hit the scene only a few short months after the first iPhone was released Frustrated hackers wanted to be able to use a whole range of tools that Apple deemed unsatisfactory for the iPhone After only a little bit of tweaking and testing teams such as Evasi0n were able to break into the operating system and make the adjustments they wanted The battle between hackers and Apples programmers has continued with each new release of the iPhone operating system and will continue as long as Apple attempts to control what people can and cant do on their devices Unlocking the process of removing carrier restrictions from your iPhone is also another recent development in the iPhones history With the sharp rise in popularity in smartphones phone service providers became increasingly insistent on making sure their customers didnt leave them once they had their iPhone and move to another carrier To prevent this from happening iPhones were locked to each carrier so that wandering customers couldnt have the freedom they wanted This restriction spawned an entire industry built around helping people get past these restrictions Guides on how to unlock your iPhone started popping up all over the internet and people started moving freely between carriers Recent laws introduced in America as part of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act reforms have made unlocking illegal but that hasnt slowed the tide of people leaving their carriers for better deals So Whats next There will be another iPhone this year maybe 2 if rumors are correct The rumor mill is spilling over with news of Apple releasing iPhones with larger screens perhaps 47 although some say 5 All we can do is wait and see because Apple sure isnt giving away any hints History Cooperative The History Cooperative is a collective of history buffs interested authors and dedicated technical staff who share a love for history If you would love to help share this love you can start by filling out a contribution form here Charting The History Of The iPhone Jailbreaking Community The Right to Speak Freely The History of Free Speech A Browse Through the History of the Internet | [
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http://historyforensicpsych.umwblogs.org/the-insanity-defense-outline-by-andrew-garofolo/ | The Insanity Defense by Andrew Garofolo Insanity Defense Overview The insanity defense was first observed in recorded history in the times of Hammurabis Code which had exemptions for the insane As time progressed advancements were made particularly in England where the views of the insanity defense changed over time and led up to the McNaughton Rules These became the most popular form of the insanity defense until new standards such as the Irresistible Impulse the Durham Rule and the ALI Model Penal code began to emerge in the 20th century Some other advancements were made after that include the Guilty but Mentally Ill GBMI and the Federal Insanity Defense The Insanity Defense Timeline 1772 BC Hammurabis Code 27 BC476 AD usage of the insanity defense in the Roman Empire 1313 Good Vs Evil Test 1724 Wild Beast Test 1800 Criminal Lunatics Act 1840 Regina vs Oxford 1843 The McNaughton Rules 1844 The Irresistible Impulse 1954 The Durham Rule 1962 ALI Model Penal Code Test 1975 Guilty but Mentally Ill 1984 The Federal Insanity Defense Act of 1984 References Knowles Bryan 2000 Is the Insanity Plea Allowing Criminals to Avoid Justice Speak Out Retrieved from httpspeakoutcomactivismissue_briefs1229b1html | [
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http://historylink101.com/2/greece2/trojan_war.htm | Trojan War The cause of the Trojan War can be traced all the way back to the courtship of Helen . Helen was stunningly beautiful . Many Greek princes courted her for marriage . Her step father feared that trouble from rejected suitors would follow Helen and her groom . To insure Helen ’ s safety , her step father made all the men who wanted to be her husband , swear an oath to protect Helen and her chosen groom . Helen chose King Menelaus of Sparta . The next chapter in the story had to do with a beauty competition between three of the most powerful female goddesses . ( Click here for the Judgment of Paris . When Paris abducted Helen to Troy , all the Greek princes were bound by the oath they had taken when they were courting her . Since it was their duty to help Menelaus recover Helen , the Greeks sent one thousand ships to Troy to recover Helen ; hence the saying , “ A face that could launch a thousand ships ” . Agamemnon , brother to Menelaus , led the Greek forces . The fleet of one thousand ships was delayed off the Greek coast . The winds continued to blow west , the opposite direction the Greeks needed to sail to Troy . Agamemnon consulted an oracle which told him to sacrifice his daughter to Artemis and the winds would turn . He complied with the oracle , an act for which his wife never forgave him . After the sacrifice , the Greek ships headed east for Troy . Some of the gods chose sides in this epic war . Poseidon supported the Greeks . After he helped build the walls of Troy ( as a punishment set upon him by Zeus ) , Poseidon was not given wages from the Trojan King . Athena and Hera also sided with the Greeks since Paris had picked Aphrodite , not either of them , as “ The Fairest . ” The Greeks also had Hermes and Hephaestus on their side . Aphrodite sided with the Trojans to protect Paris who had chosen her as “ The Fairest ” . Apollo , Artemis , and Ares also sided with the Trojans . Zeus , Hades , Demeter and Hestia stayed relatively neutral during the war . For the first nine years of the war , the Greeks attacked the surrounding cities and outlying areas to cut off the food supply from Troy . The city of Troy itself had huge walls which were built with the help of the gods . It was not until the tenth year that the Greeks attacked the city of Troy itself . In the tenth year of the war , Achilles was killed by Paris ’ s arrow that was guided by Apollo . Odysseus and Ajax had a fight over who should get the armor of Achilles . Odysseus was awarded the armor of Achilles , and Ajax went mad in despair at losing the prize . He killed flocks of sheep and cattle he thought were his enemies . He regained his sanity , but he committed suicide after realizing what he had done in his madness . His death delt a terrible blow to the Greeks , and in The Greeks learned from a captive Trojan prophet that four things had to happen if they were to conquer Troy . 1 ) Achilles ’ son Neoptolemus , who the Greeks had abandon on an island several years earlier , had to join the fight . 2 ) The Greeks had to use the bow and arrow of Hercules . 3 ) Bones of Agamemnon ’ s grandfather had to be brought to Troy . 4 ) A wooden statue of Athena had to be stolen from the Trojan citadel . The Greeks , through the great energy and cunning of leaders like Odysseus were able to accomplish all four of the tasks . Odysseus came up with a plan to get into the city . With Athena ’ s help , the Greeks built a large horse out of the wood from their ships . They hid their warriors on the inside of the horse and waited for the Trojans . When the Trojans approached the horse , a Greek solider named Sinon met them . He claimed the Greeks had attempted to sacrifice him but he escaped . He claimed the horse was an offering to Athena and that they should take A Trojan prophet named Laocoon did not believe Sinon . He said to beware of the Greeks and their gifts and threw a spear at the horse . Just then a sea serpent came out of the sea and swallowed Laocoon . Sinon told the Trojans that they must accept the horse if they did not want to offend the gods as Laocoon obviously did . The Trojans wheeled the horse into the city . That night after the Trojans had fallen to sleep , the Greeks got out of the horse and opened the city gates letting the rest of the Greek army in . The Greeks sacked the city to the extent of angering even the gods who where on their side . They raped and killed people near several of the gods ’ altars and burned the city . After ten years , the war was finally over . Of the original thousand ships that sailed to war , only one hundred started the return voyage . Out of those hundred , ships most were destroyed on their journey home by Poseidon ’ s waves . Most of those who did finally make it home , found the homecoming undesirable . The most famous trip home was made by Odysseus , who was not able to return to Greece until ten years after the war . ( Click here for more details on the story ) . Heroes of the War For the Greeks Achilles ( click here for details ) Diomedes ( click here for details ) Odysseus ( click Here for details ) Ajax of Salamis – was able to fight Hector the Trojan champion to a draw and had conquered the city a generation earlier with Hercules Teucer – best of all the Greek archers Ajax of Locris – great spearman and second only to Achilles in swiftness For the Trojans Hector Aeneas Laocoon by Baccio Bandinelli , Galleria degli Uffizi , Florence Major Gods and Goddesses Aphrodite | Apollo | Ares | Artemis | Athena | Demeter | Dionysus Hades Hephaestus | Hera Hermes Hestia Poseidon Zeus Heroes Achilles | Aeneas | Diomedes Hector Hercules Jason Odysseus Perseus Theseus Stories Introduction | Creation Story | Olympians VS . Titans | Creation of Man Revolt of Giants | Abduction of Persephone | The Underworld Visitors to Underworld | Amzon Warriors | Ares vs . Athena Daedalus and Icarus Echo and Narcissus Judgement of Paris | Perseus and Andromeda | Trojan War Original Sources of Greek - Roman Mythology Bibliography | [
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http://historylink101.com/2/greece3/climate-geography.htm | Greek Climate and Physical Geography The peninsula of ancient Greece had a Mediterranean climate . Its summers were hot and dry . Temperatures averaged about 75 ° F ( 24 ° C ) in summer . The Mediterranean waters and a northwesterly breeze , known as the Etesian , kept temperatures at a comfortable level . In the winter , temperatures again were influenced by the surrounding water . Typically temperatures did not go below 40 ° F ( 4.4 ° C ) with the exceptions in the high mountains . In the mountains , snow was typical during the wet winter months . The average yearly rainfall ranged from twenty to fifty The geography of ancient Greece was divided into three regions : the coast , the lowlands , and the mountains . The rocky and uneven soil on the peninsula of Greece allowed for less than 20 percent of the land to be farmed , so the Greeks relied heavily on imports of grains and other foods from other regions around the Mediterranean . With no rivers that could be used for boats ( because rivers would dry up in the hot summer and be overflowing during the winter ) , transportation on the sea was very important to the Greeks Life Around Town in Ancient Greece Agora Architecture Greek City States Climate and Geography Law Enforcement Money Olympics Traveling Town to Town Traveling by Land Traveling by Sea BACK TO GREEK MAIN PAGE | [
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http://historylists.org/architecture/10-defining-characteristics-of-gothic-architecture.html | You are here : History Lists Architecture 10 Defining Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 10 Defining Characteristics of Gothic Architecture The Gothic technique - extending from the 12th to 16th centuries - was a predominant architectural style of the medieval era , bookended by the Romanesque and the Renaissance periods . It marks a definitive shift from the earlier ' dumpy ' Romanesque churches to lighter , taller cathedrals - the changing socio - religious climate wrought structural innovations that revolutionized ecclesiastical architecture . The name ' Gothic ' is retrospective ; Renaissance builders scoffed at the whimsical construction devoid of symmetry , and used the term as a derisive reference to the barbarous Germanic tribes that pillaged Europe in the third and fourth centuries - the Ostrogoths and the Visigoths . Gothic architecture was erroneously seen as the product of a largely uncouth , chaotic , and superstitious era , while the truth was very different . It has since come to be regarded as the ultimate icon of scholasticism - a movement which sought to reconcile spirituality and religion with rationality . Gothic architecture is acknowledged for spawning new structural marvels , phantasmagorical plays of light and raising the bar for cathedral construction everywhere - even by contemporary standards . Here are some characteristics your standard Gothic cathedral will showcase . Spires These are tapering architectural elements that often replaced the steeple to lend an impression of loftiness . Gothic cathedrals often feature profuse spiring , giving the impression of battlements - symbolic of a religious fortress protecting the faith . Openwork spires are perhaps the most common ; this elaborate spire consisted of stone tracery held together by metal clamps . It had the ability to achieve radical heights while lending a feeling of lightness through its skeletal structure . Flying Buttress Spider - leg like in appearance , a flying buttress was originally instated as an aesthetic device . Later , they were converted into ingenious structural devices that transferred the dead - load of the vaulted roof to the ground . To add a degree of stiffness to the structure , they were stepped back from the main wall and connected to the roof via arching supports . The buttress now ‘ carried ’ the vault , freeing the walls of their load - bearing function . This allowed the walls to become thinner or almost completely replaced by glass Gargoyles The gargoyle ( derived from the French word gargouille , meaning gargle ) is a sculptural waterspout , placed to prevent rainwater from running down masonry walls . These numerous grimacing sculptures divided the flow among them , minimizing potential water damage . Gargoyles were sculpted on the ground and placed as the building neared completion . St . Romanus is often associated with the gargoyle ; legend speaks of him saving Rouen from a snarling dragon that struck terror even in the heart of spirits . Known as La Gargouille , the beast was vanquished and its head mounted Pinnacles Unlike the flying buttress , the pinnacle started out as a structural element meant to deflect the pressures of the vaulted roof downward . They were imbued with lead , literally ‘ pinning down ’ the sideways pressures of the vault , served as counterweights to extended gargoyles and overhanging corbels and stabilized flying buttresses . As their aesthetic possibilities began to be known , pinnacles were lightened and the flying buttress was structurally developed to handle the vaulted roof . Pinnacles are profusely used to break the abrupt change in slenderness , as the church building gives way to Pointed Arch Recorded for the first time in Christian architecture during the Gothic era , the pointed arch was used to direct the weight of the vaulted roof downward along its ribs . Unlike the earlier Romanesque churches which depended solely on the walls to carry the immense weight of the roof , the pointed arches helped restrict and selectively transfer the load onto columns and other load - bearing supports , thereby freeing up the walls . It no longer mattered what the walls were made of , since ( between the flying buttress and the pointed arch ) they were Tracery Tracery refers to a series of thin stone frames , inlaid in window openings to support the glass . Bar tracery found expression in the Gothic period , with its lancet - and - oculus pattern that aimed at conveying a slenderness of design , and increasing the amount of glass paneling . Unlike in plate tracery , thin stone mullions were used to divide the window opening into two or more lancets . Y tracery was a specific variety of bar tracery that separated the window head using thin bars of stone , splitting in the shape of a The Oculus Two specific window designs were established during the Gothic period - the narrowly pointed lancet reinforced height , while the circular oculus held stained - glass . As height grew less of an objective with Gothic builders , the latter half of the Rayonnant Gothic saw structures reduced to an almost - skeletal , diaphanous frame . Windows were expanded and walls replaced by traceried glass . An immense oculus on the triforium wall of churches formed a rose window , the largest of which is found at St . Denis . Divided by stone mullions and bars , it Ribbed Vault Gothic architecture replaced Romanesque groin vaults with ribbed vaults to counteract complexities of construction and limitations that allowed it to only span square rooms . Also known as ogival vaulting , ribbed vaulting developed with the need to transfer roof - loads better , while freeing up inner walls for tracery and glass . More ribs were added to the basic Romanesque barrel vault to increase the transfer of loads to the ground . As the Gothic era achieved its zenith , complex vaulting systems such as the quadripartite and sexpartite vaulting techniques were developed . The development of ribbed Fan Vault One of the most obvious distinctions between the English and French Gothic styles , fan vaulting was used exclusively in English cathedrals . The ribs of the fan vault are curved equally and equidistantly spaced , giving it the appearance of an open fan . The fan vault was also applied during the reconstruction of Norman churches in England , doing away with the need for flying buttresses . Fan vaulting was used profusely in ecclesiastical buildings and chantry chapels . Statue Column The Early Gothic era showcases some of the most detailed sculpture of the period . It was not uncommon to find statues that were of ‘ structural ’ nature , carved from the same stone as the column that held up the roof . Often depicting patriarchs , prophets , and kings , they were placed in the porches of later Gothic churches to lend an element of verticality . These larger - than - life depictions may also be spotted in the embrasures on either side of cathedral entrances . In France , column - statues often depicted rows | [
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http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/164635 | 12 - 13 - 16 Why Was the Minimum Wage First Established ? Google Questions tags : minimum wage by Alexander Goddard Alexander Goddard is a student at Rye Country Day School and an HNN intern . The minimum wage was conceived as a way to help bolster wageworkers and decrease class stratification . It was first introduced in the United States with the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ( FLSA ) . Passed under President Roosevelt , this act called for the first national minimum wage of 25 cents an hour . This created a floor on wages in the labor market and overall helped to create fairer labor standards throughout the country . Classical economic theory suggests that the minimum wage would have a stabilizing effect on the economy . As economist Richard Freeman explains in his 1996 book , Uneven Tides : Rising Inequality in America , there are three main ways that the minimum wage affects income disparity by distributing more earning power to people at the lower end of the economic spectrum . He refers to this as the “ redistribution theory . ” The first outcome of increased minimum wages is that the cost of producing goods and services increases , which results in higher prices . These increased prices mean that everyone is paying more for goods , including the middle and upper classes , yet only the lower class is simultaneously increasing its income , thereby increasing the purchasing power of low - wage workers . In addition , higher wages decrease company profits , while simultaneously increasing the income of the poor . Increased wages also cost ( some ) jobs ; often those are on the middle or higher The FSLA was also found to temporarily harm regional economies . Economist John F . Moloney , found in 1942 that after the law was implemented , southern plants experienced some adverse effects : “ the value of output [ was ] 18 percent lower per plant and 21 percent lower per worker in the South than in the rest of the nation . ” Despite some negative regional effects , the FLSA empowered workers and decreased income inequality in America , as seen in the declining value of the Gini coefficient , a measure of inequality . Overall the first implementation of the minimum wage benefited American workers , especially when combined with increased labor demand that resulted from the onset of World War II . Despite Roosevelt ’ s intentions , the minimum wage did not continue to be a means of guaranteeing an economic floor for wageworkers . At the time , the actual poverty line was determined by multiplying estimated food costs by three . At its high point , the federal minimum wage could support a family of three above the poverty line , but by the 1980 ’ s it could not even support a family of two . From January of 1981 to April of 1990 , the federal minimum wage was not increased at all . In fact , Surprisingly , poverty declined during this period . The number of people living under the poverty line during the 1980s peaked in 1983 , when the minimum wage was worth approximately $ 7.59 in 2012 dollars . Why did n ’ t poverty increase ? It was because poverty is more than a measure of hourly wages ; it involves a variety of factors including federal assistance in the form of Food Stamps , welfare , inflation , and the unemployment rate . REFERENCES Minimum Wage - U.S. Department of Labor - Chart1 | United States Department of Labor . " Minimum Wage - U.S. Department of Labor - Chart1 | United States Department of Labor Moloney , John F . “ Some Effects of the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act Upon Southern Industry Southern Economic Journal 9.1 ( 1942 ) : 15 – 23 . Litwin , Benjamin S . , " Determining the Effect of the Minimum Wage on Income Inequality " ( 2015 ) . Student Publications . Paper 300 . Lee , David S . “ Wage Inequality in the United States During the 1980s : Rising Dispersion or Falling Minimum Wage ? The Quarterly Journal of Economics 114.3 ( 1999 ) : 977 – 1023 . Persons Below Poverty Level in the U.S. , 1975 – 2010 Poverty and Income . Infoplease . © 2000 - 2016 Sandbox Networks , Inc . , publishing as Infoplease . 21 Jan 2016 . Reflecting on SNAP : Purposes , Spending , and Potential Savings . " Brookings Institution . 08 May 2012 . History of Washington Minimum Wage . " U.S. Census Bureau . Historical Income Tables : Income Inequality . Table H - 4 . Gini Ratios for Households , by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder . [ Excel Spreadsheet ] . Web . 21 Jan 2016 Stack , Carol B . All Our Kin : Strategies for Survival in a Black Community . New York : Harper & ; Row , 1974 . | [
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http://historyofenglishpodcast.com/2017/12/18/episode-104-prefix-preferences/ | The History of English Podcast Episode 104 : Prefix Preferences 8 During the early Middle English period , many loanwords from Latin and French were borrowed into English . Very often , those loanwords came in with prefixes and suffixes that were new to the English language . Many of those new affixes appear for the first time in the Ancrene Wisse . In this episode , we explore the decline of Old English prefixes and the rise of continental prefixes in the early Middle English period . http : / / media . blubrry . com / historyofenglish / p / content . blubrry . com / historyofenglish / Ep104 - Prefix - Preferences . mp3 00 : 00 00 : 00 Podcast : Play in new window | Download Subscribe : Android | RSS Posted in Uncategorized Dec 18 8 thoughts on “ Episode 104 : Prefix Preferences Ken December 19 , 2017 at 11 : 33 am Love it ! Thank you for doing these . I ’ ve been trying to read the Middle English text of “ Canterbury Tales ” and I ’ ve been confused by all the words that begin with “ y - “ . I ’ m certain you ’ ll get to Chaucer eventually and I ’ m looking forward to it , but this really helped . I was wondering , did they choose to use “ unable ” instead of “ inable ” because it sounds too close to “ enable ” ? Reply Kevin Stroud December 20 , 2017 at 7 : 54 pm Good question . I do n ’ t know if “ enable ” had any influence . “ Enable ” was also spelled as “ inable ” in Middle English , so it does seem possible that there may have been some confusion . Reply Avery Katz December 31 , 2017 at 7 : 29 pm Thanks for all your work on this podcast – I ’ m a happy Patreon supporter . My wife and I were wondering whether the y - prefix is also responsible for the “ a - ” of “ a - hunting ” [ as in “ a - hunting we will go ” ] or “ a - leaping ” [ as in “ lords a - leaping ” . ] Or is that something else ? Kevin Stroud January 1 , 2018 at 8 : 15 pm Hi Avery , I actually discussed the origin of the ‘ a ’ in “ a - hunting ” or “ a - singing ” in Episode 94 . It is n ’ t related to the ‘ ge - ‘ or ‘ y - ‘ prefix . It is actually derived from the preposition “ on . ” In Old English , when a verb was used as a noun ( in other words , when a gerund was formed ) , it usually followed a preposition like “ on . ” So it was common to say something similar to “ John Cornellier January 3 , 2018 at 11 : 28 am Another episode of honorificabilitudinities ! 08 : 19 the ge - prefix is indeed pronounced “ ge ” with a hard G in standard German ( Standarddeutsch ) . Note that the modern Berlin accent pronounces it “ ye ” . So after hearing a sneeze a Berliner might say “ yesundheit ” . There was a softening of that preposition in many northern Germanic dialects . Not sure if the Old English prononciation was a result of that shift . David Hinch January 11 , 2018 at 8 : 27 am Kevin , I think you mixed up the Old English mid ( with ) and mid ( d ) ( middle ) . So midday and midnight mean the middle of the day and night . January 11 , 2018 at 10 : 30 pm My sources are actually in conflict on this point . “ Mid ’ was used both ways in Old English – as a preposition meaning ‘ with ’ and as an adjective meaning ‘ middle . ’ Clearly “ midnight ” means the ‘ middle of the night , ’ but my understanding is that it is based on the same root word as “ mid ” meaning ‘ with . ’ Etymonline . com suggests that they are the same root root word with slightly different meanings . The OED lists them separately and indicates that they were both Pingback : Prefixes and Prepositions – Grammar Logic and Rhetoric This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed Post navigation ← Episode 103 : Solitary Confinement Episode 105 : Suffix Summary → | [
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http://historyofrussia.org/kievan-rus/ | Kievan Rus Kievan Rus was the first organised state on present - day Russian territory . It is widely regarded as the spiritual predecessor to today ’ s Russian state . A medieval European state , Kievan Rus was founded in 882AD by Prince Oleg . It was made up of a number of co - operating principalities , with it ’ s capital in Kiev . Spread across territory from the Baltic Sea in the North to the Black Sea in the South , it prospered because it controlled all of the major Eastern European trade routes . Kievan Rus ’ power and influence waned during the 12th and 13th centuries and , against a backdrop of internal disputes , it was overrun by the Mongol invasion of Rus in the early 13th century . Foundation of Kievan Rus Kievan Rus can be traced back to the arrival of Rurik , a Norse Varangian Chieftan , and his brothers Sineus and Truvor . Together , they established themselves as leaders of Novgorod , Beloozero and Izborsk . On the death of his brothers , Rurik took over as leader of all three regions . The reason for their arrival is disputed . Some believe that the account given in the Primary Chronicle is correct . This more or less contemporary document records that the divided tribesmen of the region invited Rurik and his brothers to assume leadership and restore order . Russian History - Books we Recommend 1 Russian History : A Very Short Introduction 2 The Romanovs : 1613 - 1918 3 Stalin : The Court of the Red Tsar Click here for more books about Stalin “ They said to themselves , “ Our land is great and rich , but there is no order in it . Come to rule and reign over us . ” They thus selected three brothers , with their kinsfolk , who took with them all the Rus ’ and migrated . The oldest , Rurik , located himself in Novgorod ; the second , Sineus , at Beloozero ; and the third , Truvor , in Izborsk . On account of these Varangians , the district of Novgorod became known as the land of Rus ’ . ” More recently some historians , perhaps mindful of the saying ‘ History is written by the victors ’ , have argued that Rurik and his brothers took control of the region through force . Rurik , Russia ' s founding father ? Rurik is widely regarded as the founding father of Russia . But , considering that Rurik gave his name to the Rurik Dynasty that would rule Kievan Rus and its successor states ( including the Duchy of Moscow and the Tsardom of Russia ) for seven centuries , we actually know very little about him . There are some who believe that he is actually more legend than man . The essence of his story comes mostly from the Russian Primary Chronicle which simply records that , after a search in Varangia , Rurik and his brothers were “ selected ” to “ rule over us and judge us according to the Law . ” Recent archeological discoveries would seem to support the common belief that political control of the region passed to Varangians in the mid 9th century , or perhaps even slightly earlier . Evidence has been found that the town of Lagoda was formed at about that time , and pottery from Jutland , home of the Varangians , has been found in the area . Others have argued that Rurik was of mixed Varangian - Slavic descent , although there is no clear evidence for this . More recently , historians have been considering the theory that Rurik might actually have been Rorik of Dorestad – a Chieftan from northern Germany . The true formation of Kievan Rus came when Prince Oleg of Novgorod , Rurik ’ s successor , began to expand southwards , rapidly gaining control of many of the prosperous trading cities along the Dnieper river . By 882 , Oleg felt confident enough to move his capital to the more central , and defensible , city of Kiev and announce the formation of the new state of Kievan Rus . A audacious raid on Constantinople in 907 further assured the prosperity and security of the newly established Kievan Rus ’ . Taking 80,000 men and 2,000 ships Oleg quickly overpowered his Greek foes . The Rus ’ - Byzantine Peace treaty that followed provided a very generous tribute ( 12 grivnas for each of Oleg ’ s boat ) and established a profitable trading route that benefited both parties . The Golden Age of Kiev As Kievan Rus expanded , it evolved into an organised group of small states , each governed by a Prince . Each paid tribute to the Grand Prince of Kiev , who held overall leadership . One unusual feature of this political system is that the title of Grand Prince did not automatically pass from father to son . Instead , claims to leadership of Rus were based on seniority among the princes , something that gave each of the princes of Kiev the opportunity to advance and increase their power over time . This flexible political system worked well at first , allowing Kievan Rus to develop into a solid state that prospered thanks to its control of the main trade routes of Eastern Europe . The 11th century is therefore widely known as the Golden Age of Kievan Rus ’ . As the wealth of Kievan Rus grew , art and architecture flourished . Influenced heavily by Byzantium , churches were built and icons painted . In fact , a number of the churches built in this era – like the pictured St Sophia Cathedral in Kiev – still stand today The first Russian legal code was also developed . Known as the Russkaya Pravda , it used a system of fines to guarantee property rights , something which was a great boon for the economy . Through the 9th and 10th centuries , the Princes of Kievan Rus ’ gradually moved away from Paganism and adopted Christianity . The Primary Chronicle records that Vladimir the Great ( 980 - 1015 ) studied the religions of neighbouring countries , and received Islamic , Roman Catholic , Jewish and Orthodox Christian emissaries . Before finally settling on Orthodox Christianity , Vadlimir is famously reported to have rejected Islam , saying that ‘ Drinking is the joy of all Rus . We can not exist without that pleasure . ’ Decline and Fall of Kievan Rus ’ The unusual political structure that had allowed Kievan Rus to expand into prosperity evolved over time into a warped reflection . Fratricide became common as princes sought to increase their relative power and constant squabbling between Princes undermined the state ’ s unity . Internal failures were compounded by events elsewhere . To the South and West the Crusades laid waste to once profitable trade routes . In particular , the Crusaders ’ sacking of Constantinople in 1204 crippled the trade routes on the Volga River . But the final blow was dealt by invaders from the East – Mongols . A heavy defeat at the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 should have given the Kievan Princes pause for thought , but their squabbling continued unabated . When the Mongols came back , thirteen years later , the Principalities were picked off , one by one . The city of Kiev finally fell in December 1240 , marking the end of the first organised state on Russian soil . Two hundred years of domination by the Golden Horde – a Mongol Khanate just to the East – followed . The greater legacy , though , was the persistent Russian desire to defend its long and open borders – something which remains at the forefront of Russian leaders ’ minds , even today . | [
"KIEVAN RUS",
"Prince Oleg ."
] |
http://historypak.com/khilafat-movement-1919-1922/ | Khilafat Movement 19191922 The Khilafat movement was a very important event in the political history of India The Muslims of India had a great regard for the Khilafat Caliphate which was held by the Ottoman Empire During World War I the Ottoman Empire Turkey joined the war in favour of Germany But Turkey and Germany lost the war and a pact commonly known as Istanbul Accord was concluded between the Allied Forces on 3 rd November 1918 According to this Pact the territories of Turkey were to be divided among France Greece and Britain During the war the Indian Muslims were in a very awkward position because they had a deeprooted devotion to the caliphate They had profound respect for this holy institution Therefore their support to the British Government was subject to the safeguard and protection of the holy places of Turkey and on the condition that Turkey will not to be deprived of its territories But the British Government could not fulfill both of these promises The Treaty of Savers 1920 was imposed on Turkey and its territories like Samarna Thrace and Anatolia were wrested from it and distributed among European countries Thus Muslims organized a mass movement which came to be known as Khilafat Movement The aims of this movement were a To protect the Holy place of Turkey b To restore the Territories of Turkey c To restore the Ottoman Empire In December 1919 both the Khilafat Committee and Congress held their meetings simultaneously at Amritsar and a delegation was prepared which was sent to England under the leadership of Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar to see the British Prime Minister Cabinet Member and Members of Parliament and to explain the Indian point of view regarding the Khilafat The delegation visited England in 1920 The leaders of the delegation addressed the House of Commons and saw the British Prime Minister Lloyd George who paid no heed to the delegations demand The delegation stayed at London for eight months and won many hearts After the unsuccessful visit to England the leaders of Khilafat Movement realized the fact that British were not in the mood to help them Therefore they realized that a new strategy needed to be adopted in order to reinvigorate the zest and zeal for freedom among a general populace With this aim they decided to launch a movement of Non Cooperation When the leaders of Khilafat movement announced the Non Cooperation Movement the Congress extended its full support to the Khilafat Movement The leaders of the two met at Amritsar and resolved to launch a country wide agitation under the TarkeMawalat The following points were included in it 1 Renunciation of all Government titles 2 Boycott of legislature and court 3 Withdrawal of students from educational institutions 4 Resignation from government posts 5 General civil disobedience As a result of this proclamation of fatwa hundreds of thousands people returned the titles and stopped sending their children to government schools and colleges All those highly educated young men who could have rose to high government positions bade farewell to their bright future and accepted ordinary jobs in the private sector The vacuum created in government offices was joyfully filled in by Hindus while the Muslim government employees willingly accepted starvation for the sake of the Muslim cause Under the hypnotism of Mr Gandhi Muslim ulama had issued a verdict and declared India as DarulHarab and the Muslims therefore needed to migrate to some other country or DarulSalam Thousands of families sold out their properties for a tenth of their value and hastily left for Afghanistan in August 1920 As many as eighteen thousand people marched towards Afghanistan which was unable to bear the influx of the people Thus the Afghan authorities closed their frontiers Eventually the Muhajarins had to return to their homes A great number of old man women and children died on their way during returning to homes and those who luckily reach alive their former places They found themselves homeless and penniless In fact they faced great difficulties Even the preachers of Khilafat Movement In January 1921 nearly three thousands students of various colleges and schools boycotted their classes and a number of teachers most of them were Muslims tendered their resignation The Movement became so powerful that the Government was obliged to pay attention to the problem The British Government invited Seth JanMuhammad Chutani the President of Khilafat conference to visit London to discuss the issue A delegation under has leadership visited London and discussed the sentiment of Muslims but the delegation also returned unsuccessfully The Khilafat Movement came to an end when thousands of Indians were put behind the bar The leaders in spite of their best efforts could not maintain the HinduMuslim Unity One of the main reasons which caused a death blow to Khilafat Movement was the indirect announcement of Gandhi to discontinue the Non Cooperation Movement Gandhi used an incident of arson on February 1922 when a violent mob set on fire a police choki at Chora Churi at district Gorakpur burning twenty one constables to death as an excuse to call off the noncooperation movement It adversely affected the Khilafat Failure of the Movement 1 The abolition of Khilafat by Kamal Ataturk was a serious blow on Khilafat movement in the subcontinent and he exiled Sultan Abdul Majeed a helpless Caliph and abolished Khilafat as an institution due to this all agitational activities came to an end in the Subcontinent 2 The Hijrat Movement made the Muslims disillusioned with the Khilafat Movement due to the declaration of India as DarulHarab A large number of Muslims migrated from Sindh and NWFP to Afghanistan The Afghan authorities did not allow them to cross the border After this tragic event those who had advocated the Hijrat movement come to realize their mistake which resulted in failure of movement 3 When Khilafat movement became mature and was reaching its climax A tragic incident took place in the village of Chora Churi in which the police opened fire on the procession of local resident The agitated mob in counteraction set the police station on fires which in result twenty one police constables were burnt alive Due to this incident the Ali brother and other Muslim leader were arrested and Mr Gandhi put off the movement As a consequence the movement lost its intensity Conclusion The Khilafat movement was started to safeguard the Khilafat in Turkey an issue which essentially belonged to the Muslims By the involvement of Hindus the Movement grew forceful and there was possibility of meeting the movement with success The British Government was the common enemy of the Muslims and Hindus That is why both the nations continued united efforts against it But the difference between the Hindus and Muslims became even more pronounced and many other events showed that the opposition of Hindus to British Government was not lasting When Khilafat Movement reached at its success the Hindus especially Mr The Khilafat movement proved that Hindus and Muslims were two different nations as they could not continue the unity and could not live together The Khilafat Movement created political consciousness among the Indian Muslims which inspired them to constitute another movement for then Independence Thus they started Pakistan Movement historypak Khilafat Movement pakistan | [
"Khilafat Movement",
"Ottoman Empire"
] |
http://historyrocket.com/American-History/timeline/before-1600/american-indian/What-Did-The-American-Indian-Movement-Accomplish.html | What Did The American Indian Movement Accomplish What Did The American Indian Movement Accomplish ? American Indian Movement , also known as AIM , is basically a Native American organization that was established long back in the US . In order to bring attention towards the injustice that was faced by the Native Americans and for providing them much better protection as well as care , this organization was formed . This was a movement that began in the year 1969 in Minneapolis . Native Americans used to receive quite much of a humiliation and abuser from the people enforcing law and there were several crimes reported against these people . Disciplinary actions were very rare and most of the Indians started off this campaign for changing all such circumstances . As far as the accomplishments of this movement are concerned , it is worth mentioning that AIM has successfully changed the perception in the eyes of America regarding the Native Americans which seems to be its biggest achievement so far . There are several reservations today , and Native Americans now are eligible for receiving government funds for building homes , schools as well as for maintaining their community . Thus , they are now able to raise their own families in much better conditions . Moreover , the prejudice and abuse against this race had reduced drastically and there are also various programs that help the Native Americans plunge themselves in the American culture . Within the last 30 years since the beginning of this movement , the native Americans have enjoyed better living conditions , have witnessed increased employment More Articles : American Indian Cultural Awareness American Indian Movement Timeline History Of American Indian Religion History Of American Indian Reservation History Of Native American Indian Before Colonial Period Indian Culture Vs American Culture Native American Indian Language Native American Indian Names And Meanings What Did The American Indian Movement Accomplish ? What Happened During The American Indian Movement ? Who Founded The American Indian Movement ? Before 1600 : American Indian Christopher Columbus Juan Ponce De Leon Leif Ericsson What Happened During The American Indian Movement ? In thirty years of overall history of the American Indian Movement , it has witnessed several great changes due to its impact . This history is basically the formal history just because this movement have been existent for last five hundred years but got a name 30 years ago . The movement had made steady progress all these years and the movement actually transformed policies into programs and thus this organization has served Indians in various communities . More . . | [
"AIM"
] |
http://historyrocket.com/Ancient-Greece/Greek-mythology/greek-goddess/aphrodite/Symbol-Of-Aphrodite.html | Symbol Of Aphrodite Aphrodite was called the goddess of love , beauty and desire . She is considered as a goddess of fertility , victory and good fortune . She is believed as the only Olympian who had no parents . Aphrodite along with family lived on the mount Olympus . Zeus married her off to Hephaestus because he was scared that she would raise conflicts among the gods . Aphrodite married him , but she was unhappy with Hephaestus . He was lame , proud and ugly . So , she had affairs with others like the god of war , Ares Aphrodite was worshipped by lots of women because it was believed that they will have a wonderful partner in their life to love . As many worshipped her , temples were built for her . The most popular temple is the temple of Venus situated in Rome . There is no proper story about the birth of Aphrodite . There are 2 versions in the case of birth of Aphrodite , some believe that she was a creation and others say that she was born . As the other gods have symbol Aphrodite also has her own symbol , she is depicted with dove and swan . Some believe that the third bird is the sparrow . It is believed that the tree of Aphrodite was myrtle . Aphrodite is connected with gold and other finer things . She is often portrayed in golden clothes in the Homer ’ s Lliad along with a golden apple . Many depicted her as having golden hair . Her connection with the gold symbolizes her perfection , love and warmth . The gold she puts on herself is depicted as the symbol of seducing and aphrodisiacal powers which can be seen in women . More Articles : Aphrodite Greek Goddess Myths Birth Of Aphrodite Facts About Aphrodite Family Tree Of Aphrodite Interesting Facts About Aphrodite Son Of Aphrodite Symbol Of Aphrodite Who Was Aphrodite Married To ? Why Was Aphrodite The Greek Goddess Of Love ? Greek Goddess : Aphordite Artemis Athena Demeter Hephaestus Hera Medusa Who Was Aphrodite Married To ? Aphrodite , the goddess of love , was married to the god of the fire of the forge or god of craftsman named Hephaestus . He was not handsome and was crippled physically , but he had excellent metal smithing skills , and he made beautiful jewelry in Olympus . This relationship was the result of desire . Her physical pleasures and sensual nature was desired by Hephaestus and golden jewels were desired by Hephaestus . More . . | [
"symbol Aphrodite",
"mount Olympus",
"Hephaestus"
] |
http://historysheroes.e2bn.org/hero/timeline/3 | History ' s HEROES ? 1599 - 1658 Oliver Cromwell Introduction Who was he ? His story His timeline What he did His world Views and opinions Activities Was he a hero ? Your work Oliver Cromwell - Timeline See the key facts 1599 April 25th - Oliver Cromwell is born in the Cambridgeshire town of Huntingdon to Robert and Elizabeth Cromwell ( nee Steward ) . He is baptised four days later . 1607 Oliver begins his education at Huntingdon Grammar School . 1616 Oliver enters Sidney Sussex College at Cambridge University , which has a strong Puritan ethos . 1617 Oliver leaves Sidney Sussex College after the death of his father and therefore does not complete his studies . 1618 It is possible that Oliver Cromwell attended Lincoln ' s Inn to train in law . However there is no record of him in the Inn ' s archives . 1620 August 22nd - Oliver Cromwell marries Elizabeth Bourchier at St . Giles ’ s Church , Cripplegate , London . Her father is a wealthy leather merchant and landowner from Essex . The marriage brings Cromwell into contact with wealthy London merchants and great Puritan peers . 1621 The Cromwell ' s first child is born - a son called Robert . 1623 Around February - The Cromwell ' s second son , Oliver , is born . 1624 Around July - The Cromwell ' s third child is born , a daughter called Bridget . 1626 Around October - The Cromwell ' s fourth child , Richard , is born . 1627 King Charles I provokes unrest by trying to raise money for the war through a ' forced loan ' - a tax levied without parliamentary consent . 1628 Around January - The Cromwell ' s fifth child , Henry , is born . Oliver Cromwell becomes the Member of Parliament for Huntingdon in the parliament of 1628 - 1629 . May 26th - Parliament adopts a Petition of Right , calling upon the king to acknowledge that he can not levy taxes without parliament ' s consent , impose martial law on civilians or imprison them without due process . Oliver seeks treatment for depression from London doctor , Theodore de Mayerne . 1629 January - Members of the House of Commons begin to voice their opposition when an MP has his goods confiscated for failing to pay tonnage and poundage . Many MPs viewed the confiscation as a breach of the Petition of Right . March - When Charles orders a parliamentary adjournment , members hold the Speaker , Sir John Finch , down in his chair to delay proceedings until resolutions against Catholicism and poundage and tonnage can be read out . Charles dissolves parliament the same day and imprisons eight parliamentary leaders . Around June - The Cromwell ' s sixth child , Elizabeth , is born 1630 Business failure means Cromwell has to sell up and move to St . Ives , where he makes an income as a working ( yeoman ) farmer . Oliver Cromwell undergoes a Puritan " conversion " experience , possibly linked to a mental breakdown . This changes his life and throughout the 1630s he becomes a " servant of God " . 1632 January - The Cromwell ' s seventh child , James , is born . He is baptised on the 7th January but he dies and is buried on the 8th January . 1633 The king appoints William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury . The archbishop ' s love of ceremony and adornment runs counter to the beliefs of many Puritans . 1634 Laud authorises visits to every diocese throughout the kingdom to enforce conformity and to correct ‘ irregularities ’ in the conduct of services . These are regarded as dangerously close to Roman Catholicism . The visits continue until 1637 . King Charles issues a writ to collect ‘ ship - money ’ tax , under the pretext of piracy and unrest in Europe . He has made a secret treaty with Philip IV of Spain to help against the Dutch , a policy he knows will be detested by the country and , because of this , needs money . 1635 Ship - money is enforced inland as well as in maritime counties / towns and is obtained by assessment of personal as well as real property ( e.g. land / houses ) and payment is to be enforced by distress ( taking goods if people have no money ) . This provokes increasing resistance . 1636 The Cromwell family move to Ely when Oliver inherits property there from his uncle , as well as his uncle ' s job as tithe collector for Ely Cathedral . This provides him with modest prosperity and a substantial house near the Cathedral . 1637 May - The Cromwell ' s eighth child , Mary , is born . The king tries to enforce the Book of Common Prayer in Scotland , leading to opposition in the National Covenant ( Presbyterian movement ) . Scotland is left in a state of turmoil . 1638 Around December - The Cromwell ' s ninth child , Frances , is born . 1639 Robert , the Cromwell ' s oldest son , dies in his late teens , possibly of smallpox , while serving in a garrison at Newport Pagnell . Summer - Despite problems in raising funds , Charles gathers a poorly trained English force and the Bishops ' Wars with Scotland begin . 1640 King Charles I summons parliament ( known as the Short Parliament ) , bringing to an end his 11 - year Personal Rule . Cromwell returns to parliament as Member for Cambridge . He moves his family from Ely to London . May 5th - The king dissolves the Short Parliament when MPs refuse to grant him subsidies for war against Scotland ; it had lasted for only three weeks . October 25th - The Treaty of Ripon ends the Bishops ' Wars . November 3rd - Nearly bankrupt , King Charles summons the Long Parliament . Parliament impeaches the Earl of Stafford , leader of the Bishops ' War ( November 11th ) , declares the ship tax illegal ( December 7th ) and impeaches Archbishop Laud ( December 18th ) . 1641 February 16th - The Triennial Act is passed , guaranteeing that parliament will be called at least once every three years . Oliver Cromwell puts forward the second reading of the Annual Parliaments Bill , and drafts the Root and Branch Bill for the abolition of the bishops . The House of Commons draws up the Protestation Oath against popery . May 5th - The king reluctantly assents to the Act of Attainder against the Earl of Strafford , who is executed on May 12th . July 5th - Parliament abolishes the Courts of High Commission , the Star Chamber , the Council of Wales and the North , and the powers of the Privy Council are suppressed . September 1st - The House of Commons passes a resolution for the destruction of altar rails , crucifixes and other ' innovations ' introduced by Archbishop Laud . The news of an uprising in Ireland reaches parliament in London . The king and parliament agree that an army is needed to suppress the rebellion , but neither side trust the other with control of the armed forces . November 22nd - The Grand Remonstrance , listing all the grievances about acts carried out by the king ' s government , in Church and State , since the beginning of Charles ' reign , and parliament ' s measures to counter these , is passed by parliament after a stormy debate . December 1st - The Grand Remonstrance is presented to King Charles . December 7th - A parliamentary Militia Bill proposes the appointment of a lord - general to raise and command the militia and that parliament rather than the king should have the right to nominate the commanders of the armed forces , in the wake of the Irish uprising . King Charles refuses to surrender his control of the armed forces by giving his assent to the Militia Bill , so it is unable to pass into law . 1642 The king fails in his attempt to arrest the Five Members regarded as his leading opponents in parliament . Popular support for parliament forces the king and Royal family to leave London on January 10th and in March they set up court in York . March - Parliament issues the Militia Bill as an ordinance ( legislation that has not received the Royal assent ) and takes the unprecedented step of proclaiming that parliament could act independently of the king in the interests of the nation ' s defence . The king issues the Commissions of Array ( a medieval method of raising troops by which the king grants the lords - lieutenant of counties powers to raise emergency forces ) . Obeying the Militia Bill or the Commission of Array becomes an early test of allegiance . 1st June - The Nineteen Propositions are passed by parliament and sent to the king in York . The proposals require the king to give up control of the militia and the right to appoint ministers . June 18th - The king rejects the Nineteen propositions . He declares that parliament ' s proposals threaten the ancient constitution of the kingdom . Both sides openly prepare for war . Summer - Oliver Cromwell gathers a volunteer force and prevents the movement of a convoy planning to take silver plate from the Cambridge colleges to swell the king ' s war - chest at York . August 22nd - After some early skirmishes , the English Civil War officially begins when King Charles raises the royal standard at Nottingham Castle . King and parliament are now at war . September - Cromwell is commissioned as a Captain of Horse ; he raises a cavalry troop for parliament , recruited from around Cambridgeshire . October 23rd - Cromwell and his men fight in the Battle of Edgehill . The battle ends without either side having the upper hand . 1643 By the spring of 1643 , Oliver Cromwell is promoted to Colonel of Horse and , by the autumn , he is elevated to the status of Lieutenant General of Horse in the army of the Eastern Association , and he is made governor of Ely . 1644 The Cromwell ' s second son , Oliver , dies . 2nd July - Cromwell ' s actions help the Parliamentarians to victory at Marston Moor , just outside York . Although they win the battle , King Charles ' forces are not destroyed . A better - trained army is required . 27th October - Cromwell takes part in the Second Battle of Newbury fought at Speen , adjoining Newbury in Berkshire . The combined armies of parliament inflict a tactical defeat on the Royalists but fail to gain any strategic advantage . Oliver Cromwell presents his complaints against the leadership of the Earl by Manchester and The Earl of Essex in the House of Commons , for not fighting the war forcefully enough . Both are Presbyterian Members of the House of Lords . 1645 February - Independent MPs push for an ordinance for the reorganisation of the Parliamentarian Army . The New Model Army is created by parliament . It is a professional , trained , military unit . April - The Self - Denying Ordinance sees the three major Parliamentarian armies amalgamated . Commander - in - chief of the New Model Army is General Fairfax . Oliver Cromwell , as Lieutenant - General , is put in charge of the cavalry , under a temporary contract . 14th June - Cromwell leads a cavalry wing , successfully , at the decisive Battle of Naseby . The New Model Army inflicts a crushing defeat on the king ' s army . 1646 June 15th - Bridget Cromwell , Oliver Cromwell ' s daughter , marries Henry Ireton , senior Parliamentarian officer and close confidant of Oliver , at Cromwell ' s headquarters at Holton , a few days before the surrender of Oxford . June 24th - The surrender of Oxford by the Royalists sees the end of the first Civil War , after the New Model Army besiege the city . 1647 January 30th - The Scots hand over Charles to the Parliamentarians and withdraw from England . He is held as a prisoner at Holmby House in Northamptonshire , where he continues to plot for the restoration of his power . Cromwell becomes ill and is unable to take part in any military and political events for more than a month . June 3rd - Cornet George Joyce takes a detachment of cavalry to Holmby House and seizes control of Charles . The New Model Army ( mostly independents ) are angry that parliament agreed to Charles I ' s proposal for a three year trial of Presbyterian Church governance . Parliament begins raising new troops in London - excluding anyone with Independent sympathies . August 7th - The New Model Army marches into London and reinstalls the Independent MPs . Cromwell supports the New Model Army in clashes with parliament . August 20th - Cromwell stations a cavalry regiment at Hyde Park and marches under armed escort to take his seat in the House of Commons . This display of force coerces many Presbyterian MPs into withdrawing from parliament . October – The Putney Debates , a series of discussions between Cromwell , Ireton , factions of the New Model Army and the Levellers ( a civilian organisation that supports universal male suffrage ( right to vote ) and rule by parliament ) begin , concerning a new constitution . Early November - Five of the most radical cavalry regiments elect new Agitators — known as the ' New Agents ' — to represent their views . November 8th - Cromwell temporarily suspends the meeting of the Army Council . The representative members are ordered back to their regiments . A new manifesto is drawn up , leading to the eventual suppression of the radical elements . November 11th - Charles flees to the Isle of Wight . He reaches a secret agreement with the Scots to invade England and restore the throne , in return for introducing Presbyterianism , thus starting the second Civil War . 1648 January 17th - Charles completely rejects parliament ' s suggestions for a peace settlement . Parliament passes the Vote of No Addresses , breaking off any communications with the king . January – April - Poor weather , high wheat prices and heavy taxation cause widespread hardship . Areas that have always supported parliament become discontented at the costs of maintaining the Army . There are revolts in Kent , Essex and Wales . May - August - Contingents of the New Model Army under Cromwell and Fairfax are tied down at the sieges of Pembroke and Colchester . Cromwell crushes the Royalist rising in South Wales . July - The Scots invade England . They are held up by Major - General John Lambert until Oliver Cromwell , having forced the Welsh rebels to surrender , can march northwards . 18th August - Cromwell leads the Parliamentarian forces in the Battle of Preston and then Winwick Pass the next day . The destruction of the Scottish Royalist ' s Engagers Army sees the effective end of the Second Civil War . 28th August - Colchester surrenders to Fairfax , quickly followed by other Royalist outposts in the south . The second Civil War is over . September - Parliament fails to negotiate a settlement with the king . In December it decides to continue negotiations . Cromwell and Ireton lose all trust in Charles . December 6th - Colonel Thomas Pride and a troop of soldiers prevent Presbyterian MPs from sitting in parliament , probably on Cromwell ' s orders . 45 MPs are temporarily imprisoned . Those remaining are known as the Rump Parliament . 1649 January 1st - The House of Commons proposes the establishment of a High Court of Justice to try King Charles I . The House of Lords refuses to approve the measure , and the House of Commons abolishes it , assuming full legistlative powers . January 20th - The High Court of Justice , appointed by the Commons , assembles and the trial of Charles for high treason and " other high crimes " begins . Charles refuses to enter a plea , claiming that no court has jurisdiction over a monarch . January 27th - King Charles I is found guilty of treason and sentenced to death . 59 Members of Parliament sign his death warrant , including Oliver Cromwell . January 30th - King Charles I is beheaded . The execution takes place at Whitehall on a scaffold in front of the Banqueting House . England becomes a Republic . On 18th May 1639 and Act was passed declaring England to be a Commonwealth . governed by a council of state appointed by Parliament . The Scots and Irish overwhelmingly proclaim their intention to assist Charles II to secure all his thrones . August - Cromwell commands an army sent to crush the opposition in Ireland , which centred on the Confederate - Royalist Alliance . At the Siege of Drogheda in September , and of Wexford in October , Cromwell ' s troops massacre the Royalist garrisons as well as civilians , following their capture of the towns . 1650 July - Cromwell takes the New Model Army to Scotland after the Scots proclaim Charles I ' s son to be King Charles II . 3rd September - Cromwell completely defeats the Scottish army at Dunbar and enters Edinburgh , the Scottish capital . 1651 Cromwell becomes Chancellor of Oxford University . 3rd September - Battle of Worcester . The Scottish army slips south whilst Cromwell is busy in Scotland . Cromwell follows them and destroys the Scots , led by Charles II , at the Battle of Worcester , the final battle of the Civil Wars . Charles flees to exile in Holland . 1652 The First Anglo – Dutch War begins . It is fought entirely at sea between the navies of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands . It is caused by disputes over trade . 1653 April 20th - Oliver Cromwell ' s success in war has made him the most powerful man in England . Angered by parliament ' s obstructive attitude , he marches into parliament and forcibly dissolves it . July 4th - Cromwell replaces the Rump Parliament with a parliament whose members are appointed by Church congregations . This is known as the Barebones Parliament . December 12th - Quarrels in the Barebones Parliament lead General John Lambert and other army officers to dissolve it . Believing that sovereignty should be placed in " a single person and a parliament " , he presents a new constitution , the ' Instrument of Government ' . 16th December - Oliver Cromwell reluctantly becomes Lord Protector . He now heads a powerful executive council defined by a new paper constitution . 1654 The Anglo - Dutch War ends with the English Navy gaining control of the seas around England , and an English monopoly on trade with England and English colonies . Cromwell ' s mother dies in London . September - Cromwell meets with the first Protectorate Parliament . 1655 May - The English capture Jamaica in the face of prolonged resistance . Over the next few years the Spanish fail in their attempts to retake the island . October - Cromwell dissolves the Protectorate Parliament and appoints major generals to govern different areas of the country . The rule of the major - generals proves very unpopular , and this experiment ends two years later . October - War with Spain is openly declared . The war is caused by commercial rivalry . The English form an informal alliance with the French . This also has the benefit of keeping the French from helping the Stuarts to regain the English throne . 1656 September - Cromwell meets with a second Protectorate Parliament ; the rule by major - generals was proving very unpopular . 1657 March - Some of Cromwell ' s civilian supporters present to him the Humble Petition and Advice - a constitution which reduces the power of the Council and recommends that Cromwell proclaims himself king . oliver declines the Crown , but accepts the rest of the petition . Cromwell encourages Jews to return to England after more than 350 years , identifying them as great creators of wealth for the country . March - England and France enter a formal military alliance against Spain during which English troops serve alongside the French under Marshal Turenne in Flanders . Under the terms of the alliance , the port of Dunkirk is ceded to England 1658 January - When parliament is convened , Cromwell faces with stiff opposition to the Humble Petition from an alliance of Republicans and segments of the Army . He dissolves this bad - tempered parliament less than two weeks after it first meets . June - ( Georgian Calendar ) An English expeditionary Army on the European continent win a great victory over the Spanish in the Battle of the Dunes . August 6th - Cromwell ' s favourite child , Elizabeth ' Betsy ' , dies at Hampton Court , after falling seriously ill , despite the close attention of her parents . Her father is devastated by her death and it hastens his own decline in health . September 3rd - Oliver Cromwell dies at Whitehall in London , probably from malaria or from blood poisoning following an infection . His funeral is a very elaborate event and he is buried with great honour in Westminster Abbey . Oliver ' s son , Richard , becomes Lord Protector in his place . 1660 Without Oliver ' s strong guiding hand , the Republic slides into chaos . To prevent another Civil War , King Charles II is restored to the throne . 1661 January 30th - Cromwell ’ s body is exhumed from its burial place at Westminster Abbey and he is posthumously hanged in his shroud at Tyburn . His head is cut off and displayed outside Westminster Hall until it is rescued by a well - wisher nearly 20 years later . 1960 When the head is taken down , it seems to become the property of a number of different people , before finally ending up at Sidney Sussex College , where it is re - buried in 1960 . E2B ® and E2BN ® are registered trade marks and trading names of East of England Broadband Network ( Company Registration No . 04649057 ) Terms and Conditions | [
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http://historythings.com/he-did-what-the-10-most-egregious-abuses-of-presidential-power-part-i/ | He Did What ? The 10 Most Egregious Abuses of Presidential Power ( Part I ) SJ March 18 , 2016 Articles 0 Comments 0 Photo : History . com Someone smart - sounding * once said that power corrupts , and absolute power corrupts absolutely . We all think of dictators as the best proof of that argument , but the scary truth is that the theory holds up pretty well in democracies , too . The President of the United States is no exception . For all our good ol ’ American aversion to autocracy , we ’ ve had a few Presidents who were n ’ t scared to bend the rules , break them , or dynamite them into a pile of splintered detritus . In no particular order , here are a few times when ( for reasons both noble and horrible ) the Commander in Chief threw caution to the wind , checks and balances be damned : 1 . John Adams – The Alien & Sedition Acts John Adams got a little help from Congress on this one , but it was nonetheless one of the all - time head - smackers of Presidential overreach . The Alien and Sedition Acts did two things : first , they imposed stringent restrictions on immigrants , including raising the number of years required to earn citizenship from five to fourteen . Second , they made it illegal to criticize the President . Yes , you read that right , and yes , the First Amendment was already a thing . Adams hoped that restricting the rights of immigrants would drain support from his opponent Thomas Jefferson ’ s party , whose anti - British attitude made them popular with the thousands of Irish emigres washing up on American shores . He also hoped that taking a big ol ’ Braintree steamer on free speech would prevent him being called things like “ a hideous hermaphroditical character , ” which was literally a thing someone called him . It did n ’ t work ; Adams became our first one - term President after being demolished by Jefferson in the election of 1800 . 2 . Thomas Jefferson – The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson , running on a platform of shrinking federal power and making the President less autocratic , was the last person anyone expected to go too far . Yet , in 1803 , a genuine dictator made him an offer he could n ’ t refuse - despite the fact that by his own principles , he should have . French Emperor Napoleon needed money , not American wilderness , so he offered the Louisiana Territory ( a chunk of land larger than the entire US at the time ) for a paltry $ 15 million . Impossible to pass up , right ? Unfortunately , Jefferson fancied himself a strict interpreter of the Constitution , which does n ’ t exactly give the President the power to make that kind of massive , history - altering agreement with a foreign power all on his own . Napoleon did n ’ t have time to wait around for the democratic process , so neither did Jefferson . Employing the ancient maxim “ fuck it , ” Jefferson agreed to the deal , and instantly doubled the size of the nation . Unfortunately , he had to hear whinging about his betrayal of small - government principles for the rest of his time in office . 3 . Andrew Jackson – Closing of the Bank of the United States The Federal Bank was always a controversial notion . While anti - Federalist types screamed that it would give the new American government too much power , it was actually its destruction that offers a lesson in executive abuse . The bank having become the bedrock of a thriving American economy , Congress voted to renew its charter . Jackson vetoed the renewal . No problem there ; presidents are allowed to veto things , right ? Right . But Presidents are n ’ t allowed to enforce their vetoes with illegal action , like Jackson did when he ordered the bank emptied of all its deposits and closed it before its existing charter expired . This was so illegal , in fact , that Jackson ’ s Secretary of the Treasury refused to do it when ordered . Jackson fired him . The new Treasury Secretary also refused to do it . Guess what happened to him ? The third Secretary finally emptied the bank . Jackson got his way , but it led right to the Panic of 1837 , one of the worst financial crises in US history . 4 . Andrew Jackson – The Trail of Tears Yes , Old Hickory makes the list twice , and for good reason . His legacy of executive overreach is unparalleled in history , not least because he defied all sense of Constitutionality for the sake of some good old fashioned ethnic cleansing . Jackson had passed the Indian Removal Act in his first term , which required all Native Americans to , well , get the fuck out . With reservations established just west of the Mississippi , no native tribe would be allowed to live east of it , period . While some tribes fought back physically , the Cherokee Nation sued for the right to their ancestral lands , winning in a stunning Supreme Court victory . Jackson had other ideas . First , he sent the military to round up the Cherokee and place them in camps . Once assembled , the whole tribe was forced to march , in winter , without adequate food or supplies , hundreds of miles to their reservation . A full 25 % of the tribe died en route , hence the phrase “ Trail of Tears . ” As for those pesky checks and balances , Jackson said of the Supreme Court ’ s Chief Justice “ He has made his decision . Now let him enforce it , ” which roughly translated from the original Assholenese means “ last time I checked , I have an army , and the Judicial Branch does n ’ t . ” 5 . James K . Polk – Invasion of Mexico After a large population of American immigrants started a successful revolution in the Mexican province of Texas , things were n ’ t exactly friendly between Mexico and the US . While Texas was briefly an independent nation , it was n ’ t long before the “ Lone Star ” was added to the Union flag , very much to the Mexican government ’ s chagrin . Complicating matters was the fact that the new border between the US and Mexico was extremely fuzzy . Where Texas ended and Mexico began was a matter of serious dispute , with Americans insisting it was at the Rio Grande , while Mexicans claimed it was farther north at the Nueces River . President Polk , who made no secret of his ambition to conquer the continent , took advantage of the confusion to start a war while making Mexico appear to be the aggressor . Hoping for a skirmish , Polk sent troops into the disputed area , including Ulysses S . Grant , who remembered the scheme thusly : “ We were sent to provoke a fight , but it was essential that Mexico should commence it . It was very doubtful whether Congress would declare war ; but if Mexico should attack our troops , the Executive could announce , “ Whereas , war exists by the acts of , etc . , ” and prosecute the contest with vigor . ” When US troops got too close to Mexican civilian populations , the Mexican army gave Polk the excuse he needed , attacking and driving the “ invaders ” off . Polk famously claimed that the Mexicans had shed “ American blood on American soil , ” which few were willing to publicly dispute , despite that whole “ American soil ” bit being debatable at best . Abraham Lincoln fumed over the claim , publicly demanding that Polk reveal exactly what “ particular spot ” Polk was referring to . Regardless , the war happened , and the US got Stay tuned for He Did What ? Part II : The Revenge , where we finally get to the Nixon part . Sir John Dalberg - Acton , a 19th - century British MP with possibly the greatest beard in parliamentary history comments | [
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http://historytunes.com/The%20Monroe%20Doctrine.php | The Monroe Doctrine Synopsis The Monroe Doctrine was a US policy that was introduced on December 2 , 1823 , which stated that efforts by European countries to colonize land or otherwise interfere in the Americas would be viewed by the United States as acts of aggression . This doctrine was put forth by President James Monroe . The Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Western Hemisphere was not to be further colonized by European countries , and that the United States would not interfere with existing European colonies nor in Europe itself . The Doctrine came at the time when many Latin American countries were on the Listen to sample songs Buy at iTunes BUY THIS SONG and full lesson packet Schools Teachers Students Parents History Buffs Research Buy All 50 Songs for $ 9.99 Synopsis Lyrics & Vocabulary Tiered Questions Prep Questions prev song next song | [
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http://hittingthegolfball.com/best-golf-shoes/ | Best Golf Shoes for Walking … and more ! Golf Shoes 4 COMMENTS Believe it or not , your golf shoes can make or break your game . Golf shoes provide additional comfort and support that normal shoes do not . They are designed with spikes or molded grip bottoms for additional traction when walking on grass or slippery terrain . They help to balance your body and give you a proper , stable stance especially when you pivot during a swing . Considering you spend an average of 4 to 6 hours on your feet while playing golf , should n ’ t you pay more attention to your shoes ? Here ' s what you should know before buying your golf shoes : Table of Contents Best Golf Shoes for Walking and Comfort Best Golf Shoes for Wide Feet Best Golf Shoes for Plantar Fasciitis Best Golf Shoes for Flat Feet Best Golf Shoes for Orthotics Best Golf Shoes with Arch Support Best Golf Shoes for Bunions Best Golf Shoes for a Bad Back Best Golf Shoes for Wet Weather The Ultimate Golf Shoes Buyer ’ s Guide Type of Golf Shoes Golf Shoe Material Things to Consider when Buying Golf Shoes Best Golf Shoes for . . . Brand Best Golf Shoes for Walking and Comfort Adidas View More Best Golf Shoes for Wide Feet FootJoy View More Best Golf Shoes for Plantar Fasciitis FootJoy Best Golf Shoes for Flat Feet True Motion Best Golf Shoes for Orthotics Ecco Best Golf Shoes with Arch Support Ecco Best Golf Shoes for Bunions True Motion Best Golf Shoes for a Bad Back Best Golf Shoes for Wet Weather Adidas Showing 1 to 9 of 9 entries Best Golf Shoes for Different Situations Quick Navigation Best Golf Shoes with Good Arch Support The Ultimate Golf Shoes Buyer ’ s Guide When you are looking for a golf shoe that can be used to walk both around town and the fairways , you are going to want something that is strong and comfortable . This is one of the many reasons today that our pick for best golf shoes for walking is the Adidas Tech Response 4.0 ( Ask the over 460 + satisfied customers and they ' ll agree . ) For when you are out playing golf with your buddies , the Tech Response comes equipped with a synthetic sole infused with Thintech cleats . The sole helps to create comfort for long days of play , while the cleats help to keep your footing on the grass , allowing you to always have your feet firmly planted while taking your shots without losing traction . While walking , your feet will are sure not to get sweaty and sore , thanks to soft eva insole , as well as the enhanced breathability of the lightweight mesh . While this meshing is great to keep your feet from sweating on hot days , it does also allow rain water to soak in in wet conditions , which may turn some golfers off . While these shoes are not great for wet weather , the cushioning and air flow of the shoe make them a great choice for walking off the course as well as on it . And if you want to wear these babies on the town , you will be pleased to know that you can choose from a variety of colors , so that your shoes will always match your style . Adidas is no slouch when it comes to any kind of sports equipment , especially with their clothing lines . And with the Tech Response 4.0 Golf Shoe , Adidas more than lives up to their companies reputation . CHECK BEST PRICES If you have wide feet , you know how it can be to find a pair of golf shoes that suits you . I believe that the best golf shoes for wide feet are those that not only come in wide sizes , they should have a stable sole construction and great side to side support . It helps to have shoes that are stretchable too . With the FlexGrid 2.0 exoskeleton , the FootJoy Hy perflex Golf Shoe has incredible retention properties that makes it able to conform and expand to movements of the foot during a golf swing . In other words , the shoes are able to stretch for a better fit for your wide feet . The FlexGrid material also provides 2 year waterproof protection for an all - weather play . The Optimized Performance Stabilizer technology secures your heel and ankle throughout the swing , providing unmatched support , comfort and fit . The midsole is made from Fine - Tuned Foam ( FTF ) which provides enhanced underfoot cushioning and comfort while retaining lateral support , flexibility and stability . The Next Evolutionary Outsole ( N.E.O ) is made of a material which provides durable traction which can improve your game performance . The FootJoy HyperFlex comes with Tornado Cleats which provides stability and support the moment you step onto the golf course . Lastly , it has an extra - thick Fit - Bed with increased cushioning for enhanced comfort and a slip - resistant fit . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . With its retention properties and focus on cushion and support , the FootJoy HyperFlex is the best golf shoe for wide feet golfers . CHECK BEST PRICES Plantar fasciitis can make playing golf difficult . If you have plantar fasciitis , you probably know how much it hurts when the bottom of your feet gets inflamed . This is caused by the straining of the ligament that supports your feet arch , caused by being on your feet for a long time , an activity not uncommon for golfers walking 18 holes . Having a pair of golf shoes that is designed to support your feet and minimize foot movement within the shoes is essential to reduce pain . Here is where the FootJoy D.N.A Golf Shoes shines : It uses a new type of material called the Fine - Tuned Foam ( FTF ) to make the midsole of the shoe stable , soft and comfortable , providing soft underfoot cushioning and firm heel support . The SnugFit tongue is designed to conform , well , snugly , to the top of your foot and the 3D FoamCollar molds to your ankle and keeps it locked in place , preventing any unwanted movements . This combination , together with the MicroVent technology , provides optimum fit , support and protection with enhanced breathability . The outsole is thin and light , thanks to the NitroThin Thermoplastic Urethane ( TPU ) , and this provides stability and performance without sacrificing flexibility and feel . The shoes are made of a new ChromoSkin Leather that is supple , lightweight and waterproof , providing all - weather performance for your golf games . The best golf shoes for plantar fasciitis are those that have a well - contoured insole with a high arch support and the FootJoy D.N.A Golf Shoe uses the newest technology to meet these needs . Golfers with flat feet should look out for golf shoes that provide support , stability and motion control . Without a natural arch support , impact from long hours of walking can add to leg muscle fatigue , affecting your game and leading to injury . With the TRUE Mo tion golf sneakers , TRUE Linkswear proves that it is a company that believes golfers should be able to walk the course comfortably , without any pain . All TRUE products come with a True Comfort Guarantee TRUE believes that your feet can not work properly when the toes are constricted or when the heel and arch are unnaturally raised , thus the TRUE Motion shoes are designed with a minimalist philosophy . The TRUE Motion sneaker is built on a one - piece barefoot rubber tread system that mimics barefoot movement , and a zero - drop , ultra - flexible sole that eliminates the unnaturally raised heel found in most golf shoes , making you feel closer to the ground . This allows for greater stability , enhanced posture and better balance . The TRUE Motion ’ s rubber grip sole leads the field with maximum traction , which is vital for a strong swing . All these features encourage natural motion of your feet and reduce strain on your joints and muscles , which helps improve your performance . TURE Motion is designed so stylishly and comfortably it can be worn to the office or a date , without having to change shoes for a quick game afterwards . As a deal sweetener , it comes with a 1 - year waterproof guarantee and 4 color variations , allowing for an all - weather play . With an emphasis on comfort and style , you probably will not feel the impact of your flat feet anymore ! If you ’ re a golfer plagued by some foot condition , you may be required to wear orthotics . Orthotics can eliminate imbalance in your feet that causes overcompensation of certain body parts , which results in injuries . Users of orthotics have reported an improvement in shot accuracy through better balance . Finding an orthotic - friendly pair of golf shoes can be difficult due to the limited number of manufacturers . The key is to look for a pair of golf shoes with removable insoles , that has some depth and width so there is room for an orthotic . Thankfully , we found the Ecco Street Premiere Golf Shoe The Ecco Street Premiere is fitted with a removable cambrelle - covered insole and could be replaced with an orthotic or any other 3rd party insole for additional support . It is a spike - less golf shoe that comes with a rubber outsole with molded traction bars that provide additional traction so you do not have to worry about slipping . The padding in the shoes provide enough support to feel firmly grounded , yet thin enough to allow you to feel the contours and essence of the golf course . Made from distressed leather , the Street Premiere carries a street - inspired style , perfect for wearing both on and off course . Perhaps wear to the office or to the bar for some drinks after your game ? The slight downside is that the Street Premiere is n ’ t waterproof . However , from users have reported that the shoes hold up well in a constant drizzle and the stretchy microfiber lining keeps your feet cool and dry . If you require orthotics and want to have a professional - looking pair of golf shoes , the Ecco Street Premiere is your best bet . Best Golf Shoes with Good Arch Support Have an unusually high arch ? Chronic soreness in your feet and require arch support ? One suggestion is to get a custom made orthotic and get an orthotic - friendly golf shoes . ( Read the above section ) If you prefer not to use an orthotic , another way is to get a pair of golf shoes with great arch support . Ecco is a brand known for its comfortable shoes with exceptional arch support . For its Ecco Biom Golf Hybrid 2 Shoes , Ecco has scanned over 2500 feet for the perfect anatomically - shaped insoles . As a result , you can be assured of the quality of support this shoe provides . The insole has a technical silicon printing system that prevents unwanted movements during your golf swing . Better stability means a better swing . The TPU outsole is engineered to provide over 150 molded traction bars and 800 traction angles , giving you unparalled grip in all terrains . Ecco Biom Hybrid 2 is made from extreme high performance , breathable Yak leather and infused with Hydromax technology , making it resistant to any weather conditions . The Hybrid 2 looks stylish and comes in a variety of colors and you are sent additional colored laces for your own customized look . High - performing , snug fit and comfortable , no matter what swing you adopt , the Ecco Biom Golf Hybrid 2 Shoes keeps you stable and supported all the way through to your finish . Having a bump on your toe or a bunion can be painful . It gets worse when you have to pivot your foot during a golf swing . It could ruin your great day out with friends . What you want to look for in a pair of golf shoes are wide toe box and made of leather . Why ? The wide toe box allows more room for your big toe and the leather for your shoe to gradually mold to the bunion ’ s shape . Additionally , shoes without the traditional cleats help to relieve pressure on the foot . Here is a good fit : T rue Linkswear TRUE M otio n Golf Sneakers All TRUE products are constructed with a wide toe box as they believe in functioning ergonomically and promoting natural body motion for a stable swing . You can read more about the True Linkswear technology here TRUE Motion is also made of leather , easy for it to stretch over the bunion . It is also spikeless which helps in relieving pressure on the foot , but has a rubber grip sole for maximum traction . More details about the TRUE Motion can be found above in the flat feet section . Made for comfort and style , the TRUE Motion is the best golf shoes for bunions sufferers . Firstly , if you have a problematic back pain , you should see a doctor . Or wear a custom orthotic . No shoes can fix your bad back . What a good pair of golf shoes can do is to provide you with additional support . For your bad back , we look to professional golfer Fred Couples Couples have had chronic back pain for years and definitely needed a pair of supportive shoes . At the 2011 Masters , he stepped onto the course with a pair of Ecco Golf Street Shoe The Ecco Street has an ergonomically designed foot bed that provides not only stability and comfort , but also supports your bad back . On top of that , it has insoles that provide additional cushioning and shock - absorbing polyurethane midsoles to reduce muscle fatigue . The insoles and linings are breathable , anti - bacterial and moisture absorbing , keeping your feet dry and fresh . Ecco Street is inspired by the sneaker design and is perfect for wearing off course , to your office or date perhaps ? The only downside is that the Ecco Street is not waterproof but they are reported to hold well in a constant drizzle . Trusted by a professional golfer with chronic back pain , you ca n ’ t go wrong with the Ecco Street . If you live in a place where it rains often , or it is simply the rainy season , you might want to consider a pair of waterproof golf shoes . Wet shoes and socks are uncomfortable , can affect your concentration and game . Adizero Tour Golf S hoe s are 100 % waterproof with a 2 - year guarantee . They are made from a special microfiber leather to give form - fitting comfort , while the tongue is perforated for enhanced breathability to keep your feet dry . The 10 - spike cleat design gives you additional grip and traction , preventing you from slipping and is so light it reduces muscle fatigue and reduces your score . Adizero has 2 insoles , the FitFOAM sockliner for best comfort and the CLOUDFOAM insole for extra cushioning . Furthermore , the outsole is made from an ultra - light , synthetic material to provide optimal performance and support . It also has an internal TPU layer for more stability during lateral movements and an anatomical last to provide optimal foot roll and movement during your golf swing . With all these amazing technology , it ’ s hard to believe the Adizero Tour Golf is so light , and 100 % waterproof , ideal for the wet weather . Tip : Caring for Your Shoes One of the most important ways to care for your golf shoes is to use shoe trees . Shoe trees have two main functions : 1 . Draw the moisture out of your shoes 2 . Maintain the shape of the shoes Maintaining the shape is especially important for leather shoes . The last thing you want to happen is for your premium quality golf shoes to curl up or shrink a size ! > > Click here to see the best shoe tree . < < Type of Golf Shoes Spiked / Cleated Golf Shoes The classic golf shoe design that provides unparalled traction . Spikes used to be manufactured with metal but are generally not allowed anymore as they tear up the greens . Now , most spikes are made of plastic which are gentler with golf greens and are much lighter . New plastic spikes can provide the same amount of traction as a metal spike and they are replaceable and cheaper . A major advantage of the spiked or cleated golf shoes is the stability they provide during your swing because of the better grip and a stable upper . Modern technology has enabled the traditional spiked golf shoes to be lightweight , stable , comfortable and water - resistant . ( in the picture : Footjoy Hydrolite ) Consider changing your spikes every 3 months if you play once a week and walk frequently . This will maintain good traction in your shoes which will give you better stability during your golf swing . Spikeless / Street Golf Shoes spikeless golf shoes - inspired by the street - style sneakers – are lightweight and flat - soled . Designed for comfort and style , they use rubber studs instead of spikes , making them perfect for the office before a game or for the 19 th hole right after one . The lack of spikes also aid back and foot pain as they relieve the pressure on the foot . The trade - off of the spikeless golf shoe is lesser grip and lack of waterproofing , not ideal for wet weather play . However , modern technology has provided the rubber soles with additional traction and durability to compensate for the lack of spikes . ( in the picture : ECCO Street ) Golf Boots Golf boots are designed to withstand the toughest of weather conditions . They are 100 % waterproof and keep your feet warm during winter time . The thick waterproofing material also keeps mud out and provide great traction . Because they are designed to look like hiking boots , they can be heavier than golf shoes and more restrictive around the ankles during a golf swing . Golf boots are more expensive than golf shoes , but they are ideal for winter golf games ( in the picture : Oregon Mudders CM700 Waterproof Golf Boots ) Golf Sandals If golf boots are designed for winter play , golf sandals are meant for summer play . The open , toeless design make them light and super breathable , keeping your feet cool and dry under the hot summer sun . They also offer more freedom than a pair of golf shoes . The down sides of golf sandals are the limited water - resistance and lack of lateral support during a golf swing , but at least your feet will remain cool . ( in the picture : Oregon Mudders MCS200 Golf Sandal ) Golf Shoe Material Leather Leather shoes are the most popular options out there as leather is a breathable material , making them comfortable during summer play . Once broken into , leather shoes will mold to fit snugly around a golfer ’ s feet . Top manufacturers also provide a one or two year waterproof guarantee . The type of material coupled with the craftsmanship make leather golf shoes the highest quality , so prepare to pay a premium price for them . ( in the picture . . . Adidas Pure Motion ) A cheaper alternative to the leather shoes leads us to … Synthetic / Polyester Synthetic shoes use man - made material like polyester as a lining to protect the outer - shell of the shoes . They are not as breathable and durable as leather shoes , but they are much thinner and lighter . As a result , they are cheaper than leather shoes . Modern technologies have helped enhance the features of synthetic shoes and they are pretty good choices too . Gore - Tex Gore - Tex is the top material when it comes to waterproof golf shoes . It is extremely thick , sturdy and waterproof but even so , it is very breathable . Gore - Tex is considerably warmer than synthetic ; therefore is the ideal material for winter play . ( in the picture . . .ECCO Men ' s Casual Cool II GTX Golf Shoe ) Things to Consider when Buying Golf Shoes Size Your normal shoe size may be different from your golf shoe size . Hence , you should measure your feet for both length and width . If possible , try on the brand you are interested in , to gain an understanding of the brand ’ s fit . Try with the same pair of socks you ’ ll be wearing on the golf course . The shoes should bend at the same place where your foot bends and should be tighter in the middle of the foot for more support during the swing . When buying online , review the sizing guides for each manufacturer on the product pages . Online size abbreviations D ( M ) = Medium , E = Extra Wide , 2E = Extra - Extra Wide . Just remember , the more letters , the bigger the size i.e. EEE is bigger than EE . You can always exchange shoes if they do n ’ t fit correctly . Comfort Interior comfort is a must . It ’ s no good having style without comfort . Having blisters or overly - squeezed feet can affect your concentration and gameplay . Make sure your shoes are initially a tight fit - which means that if you pull the laces tight , the space between the parallel eye holes does n ’ t quite come together . If it does , your shoes are too big or too wide . ( in the picture : ECCO Street Premiere ) Comfort differs from player to player . If you walk much , you might want to have a lightweight , flexible shoe that is waterproof like a pair of spikeless golf shoes . If you ride on the course , you might prefer a stable and heavily - padded shoe which is softer and more comfortable . A heavier shoe can be perfect for a rider , but takes up too much energy for a walker . Therefore , only you know your playing style and what is the most comfortable for you . Quality and Frequency of Play How often you play can be a determining factor of the quality of shoes you buy . We know from the materials section that leather shoes are the best quality golf shoes you can buy . If you play golf regularly , you might want to fork out more for a pair of high quality , durable leather shoes that is comfortable and gives your great support . If you only play twice of year , are you willing to pay $ 300 for a pair of shoes you hardly wear ? Of course , the quality of shoes can affect the quality of play , so never sacrifice quality . It is a good idea to get multiple pairs of shoes if you play regularly because rotating shoes will extend the life of each pair and in case it rains , you have another pair ready . Which brings us to … Waterproofing There are shoes that are “ water - resistant ” ( no warranty ) and there are shoes that have two - year waterproof warranty . Leather shoes usually provide better waterproofing as compared to synthetic shoes . Raining season ? Morning player ? Random downpours ? Depending on when and where you play , you might want to opt for a longer waterproof warranty . The longer the warranty is , the pricier it gets . Style Shoes or sandals ? Sneakers or athletic ? Colored or plain ? Choose a pair that suits your personality and lifestyle . If you play golf after work and do not want to bring an extra pair of shoes , go for a classy black or brown like Tiger Woods . Sneaker - inspired style can be good for going out after games . ( in the picture : ECCO Street ) There is a wide spectrum of styles available from a wide spectrum of brands , you are bound to find a pair you love . Lacing System As street - inspired shoes are becoming more popular , some models are changing designs for easy secure and removal of shoes . For example , Velcro for a more casual fastening approach . Or mechanical lacing systems ( think ski - boots ) for consistent stability . Or slip - on golf shoes , that - while comfortable - can sacrifice stability and support . Traditional laces are cheaper and hard to beat , while still keeping your feet secure . Price How much should you pay ? Golf shoes can range from $ 30 to $ 300 depending on the material , features , benefits and style . You get what you pay for and believe it or not , a good pair of golf shoes can improve your game . Pay for quality but stay within your budget . And there you have it , our Ultimate Golf Shoes Buying Guide and best golf shoes for different situations . Which is your favorite shoe ? Let us know by commenting below ! | [
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http://hivestaffing.com/location/ | Locations With our national headquarters located in Oklahoma City we serve the entire USA with our unique virtual staffing model that can readily supply your staffing needs nationwide From hospitality to events to light industrial and more we offer firstclass staff to delight your guests Our Bee Colony has dominated the hospitality and event industry in Oklahoma Arkansas and Texas for years Our unique virtual staffing model allows us a powerful national reach ready and able to supply top candidates quickly to all 50 states all across the United States Our indepth staff screening and evaluation process allows us to provide fivestar service for hospitality event staffing light industrial food services apartmentproperty management brand ambassadors and interim management Whether you need a few temporary convention staff or a thousand longterm resort staffers we have the capacity and power to meet your staffing needs across the nation with premiere fivestar worker bees motivated to provide exceptional service to your guests Locations Served ALL 50 States Yes really Need FiveStar Staff Nationwide Now Call 1877377HIVE TODAY Our Virtual National Regional Staffing Model We bring our BEEs to you HIVE Staffing Agency has a unique virtual staffing model ready and able to provide top talent in staffing services nationwide HIVE recruits sources networks and places qualified candidates nationwide Yes really While rapidly expanding we found several regions of the USA that are extremely short staffed during seasonal peak times of the year Our unique Virtual Staffing Model allowed us to solve the problem of seasonal staff shortages by bringing in qualified staff to your region from anywhere from 30 days to a year We bring our food service hospitality and event staff in to you from all over the region and nation ready to delight and exceed your staffing needs We are ready and able to source staff when and where you need it bringing in staff to shortage markets This solution to the longstanding seasonal staffing shortages in these markets has pioneered Hive Staffing to a national level that no other agency has been able to mirror Headquartered in Oklahoma City Please note that we do not have an office or any authorized representatives located in Indianapolis Indiana Please call our Buzzline at 1877377HIVE today if you need staff nationwide | [
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"Oklahoma"
] |
http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=kb-03-03-01 | Critical Care Critical Care of Patients with HIV HIV InSite Knowledge Base Chapter May 2006 Kristina Crothers , MD , Yale University Laurence Huang , MD , University of California San Francisco Introduction Reasons for ICU Utilization among HIV - Infected Patients Mortality Associated with ICU Admission Impact of ART on the Critical Care of the HIV - Infected Patient Respiratory Complications of AIDS in the ICU Spectrum of Respiratory Disease PCP Bacterial Pneumonia Other Causes of Acute Respiratory Failure in HIV Disease Sepsis Neurologic Complications of AIDS in the ICU Gastrointestinal Complications of AIDS in the ICU Advance Directives and Designation of a Surrogate Summary References Tables Table 1 Common Reasons for Admission of HIV Patients to ICUs and Associated Mortality Introduction HIV - infected patients may require critical care for a number of reasons . Acute respiratory failure accounts for approximately 25 - 50 % of intensive care unit ( ICU ) admissions in HIV - infected patients . ( 1 - 6 , 7 ) Respiratory failure usually is secondary to infectious causes , with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia ( PCP ) and bacterial pneumonia ( BP ) being the most common etiologies . ( 1 , 2 , 6 ) Other common indications for ICU admission include central nervous system ( CNS ) dysfunction and sepsis . Patients also may require ICU admission for gastrointestinal ( GI ) bleeding , among other GI conditions , and for cardiovascular disease . The spectrum and outcome of critical illness in HIV patients is changing in the setting of effective antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) . Current data suggest that many HIV - infected patients are presenting to the ICU with medical or surgical issues unrelated to their HIV infection . ( 6 This chapter reviews critical care of HIV - infected patients , including causes of ICU admission and patient outcomes . Consideration is given to the changing spectrum of disease in the setting of ART and to the potential impact of ART on the critical care of HIV - infected patients . Special emphasis is placed on the etiology and management of respiratory failure , particularly that due to PCP , which carries an especially high mortality risk . Finally , the importance of advance directives and end - of - life care in patients with HIV is discussed . Reasons for ICU Utilization among HIV - Infected Patients Although the rate of hospitalizations for HIV - infected patients has decreased significantly in the setting of effective ART , the rate of ICU admissions generally has remained constant ( 7 , 8 ) or has increased ( 9 , 10 ) or decreased only slightly ( 6 ) at individual centers . Approximately 5 - 12 % of hospital admissions for HIV - infected patients in U.S. and European studies involve ICU care . ( 8 , 9 , 11 ) Possible reasons why ICU admissions have remained relatively constant include the fact that , in many studies , a large proportion of HIV - infected patients continue to be admitted to the ICU without prior known HIV infection ( range 28 - 40 % ) . ( 7 , 9 ) In addition , approximately 50 % of patients are not on effective ART at the time of admission . ( 7 , 9 , 11 ) Furthermore , as overall survival has improved in HIV - infected patients on effective ART , the number of persons living with HIV has increased . Given this improved survival , providers may be more likely to admit patients to the ICU and pursue aggressive life - support measures . ( 8 , 9 Studies of critically ill HIV - infected patients indicate that the spectrum of diseases requiring ICU admission is changing in the setting of ART . Early in the epidemic , the majority of patients were admitted with an AIDS - associated condition , most often PCP . Increasingly , patients with HIV infection were admitted with a non - AIDS - associated condition . For example , in a study conducted at 4 hospitals in England , only 14 % of ICU admissions between 1993 and 1997 were due to non - AIDS - associated diagnoses . ( 3 ) In contrast , a review of all HIV - infected patients admitted to the ICU at San Francisco General Hospital in the early years of effective ART use ( between 1996 and 1999 ) , found that the majority of patients ( 63 % ) were admitted with non - AIDS - related conditions . ( ) Additional studies have compared the spectrum of ICU admission before and after effective ART at single institutions . In a study from France , the proportion of admissions for non - AIDS - related conditions increased substantially from 42 % to 63 % when comparing admissions between 1995 - 1996 and 1997 - 1999 . ( 7 ) Likewise , in a study from Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City , ICU admissions for non - HIV - related disease increased substantially from 12 % in 1991 - 1992 to 67 % of all admissions in 2001 . ( 10 In terms of the specific diagnoses requiring ICU admission , acute respiratory failure is the most common , accounting for approximately 25 - 50 % of ICU admissions ( Table 1 ) . ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 10 P jiroveci has been identified as the responsible pathogen in up to 25 - 50 % of these patients , ( 2 , 5 , 6 , 12 ) although more recent studies have demonstrated PCP in only 3 - 12 % of patients . ( 7 , 10 , 11 ) Bacterial pneumonia also is a frequent cause of acute respiratory failure , and in some studies is as common ( ) or a more common cause ( 10 ) of respiratory failure than PCP in the era of effective ART . In addition , sepsis is an increasingly common diagnosis , in 1 study increasing from 3 % to 23 % of all admissions for HIV - infected patients in the era of ART . ( 7 ) Other frequently reported causes of ICU admission include CNS dysfunction ( 11 - 27 % ) , GI bleeding ( 6 - 15 % ) , and cardiovascular disease ( 8 - 13 % ) . ( 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 12 ) Reasons for ICU admission unrelated to immunodeficiency include trauma , routine postoperative care , noninfectious pulmonary diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , renal failure , metabolic disturbances , and drug overdose . ( 2 , 5 , 6 ) Given the frequent coinfection with hepatitis C among patients with HIV , liver disease is increasing as a cause of death , ( 13 , 14 ) and complications related to cirrhosis often require ICU admission . In addition , solid organ transplantation ( liver , kidney ) currently is being studied in HIV - infected patients ; thus , these patients also may be encountered in the ICU setting . Mortality Associated with ICU Admission The reported in - hospital mortality for AIDS patients admitted to the ICU is approximately 25 - 40 % , with a median ICU length of stay of 5 - 11 days . ( 2 , 4 - 6 , 7 , 9 ) The overall mortality rate for HIV - infected patients requiring critical care has improved during the course of the AIDS epidemic , particularly from the early 1980s when the mortality rate was approximately 70 % . Some studies have suggested a further decline in ICU mortality after the introduction of effective ART , although this has not been demonstrated in all reports . In analyses of ICU admissions at a hospital in Paris , France , mortality while in the ICU was not changed when comparing admissions prior to effective ART with admissions after the introduction of effective ART 7 , 9 ) However , in studies from San Francisco General Hospital , ICU mortality decreased from 37 % in 1992 - 1995 to 29 % in 1996 - 1999 . ( 15 ) Likewise , studies comparing the mortality rate between 1991 - 1992 and 2001 from Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City demonstrated a decrease in mortality from 51 % to 29 % . ( Mortality in the ICU is clearly related to the reason for ICU admission . The highest mortality rates for HIV patients requiring ICU admission are associated with sepsis and respiratory failure , especially if due to PCP ; in these patients , mortality rates remain as high as 50 - 68 % . ( 2 , 5 , 11 , 16 , 17 ) For AIDS patients admitted to the ICU for other HIV - related reasons , the reported mortality generally is lower . For example , the reported mortality rate for CNS dysfunction is 20 - 48 % , ( 11 ) whereas the rate for GI disease is approximately 30 - 35 % . ( 2 , 4 - 6 ) However , patients admitted with non - HIV - related conditions may have better outcomes : in one study , patients admitted with a non - AIDS - associated diagnosis were 3.7 times more likely to survive than patients admitted with an AIDS - associated condition . ( ) In a New York study , ICU admission with an HIV - related illness was independently associated with increased mortality ( odds ratio [ OR ] : 4.2 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 2.0 - 9.0 ; p < .001 ) . ( 11 Mortality during hospitalization also is related to the severity of the acute illness . Predictors of increased hospital mortality include need for mechanical ventilation and disease severity ( as assessed by scoring systems such as the Simplified Acute Physiology Score I [ SAPS I ] and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [ APACHE II ] score ) . ( 1 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 11 ) Patients who have a decreased serum albumin value or a history of weight loss also may have a higher mortality risk . ( 1 , 5 , 6 ) The CD4 T - cell count and the HIV RNA level generally have not been predictive of short - term mortality during ICU stay . ( 4 - 6 ) However long - term mortality after ICU admission is related to the underlying severity of HIV disease . ( 1 , 5 , 12 ) Compared with the era prior to effective ART , long - term survival following ICU discharge is improved in the era of effective ART . ( Impact of ART on the Critical Care of the HIV - Infected Patient The full impact of ART on outcome of HIV patients in the ICU is unclear , as prospective , randomized trials assessing the initiation of ART on outcome in critically ill patients have not been completed . Two retrospective studies conducted at San Francisco General Hospital suggest that ART may improve outcomes in critically ill HIV patients . In a review of all HIV - infected patients admitted to the ICU between 1996 and 1999 , patients receiving combination ART at the time of ICU admission were less likely to present with 2 conditions associated with decreased survival : AIDS ) In a study of all HIV - infected patients with PCP who were admitted to the ICU at San Francisco General Hospital between 1996 and mid - 2001 , patients who were on combination ART at the time of ICU admission had an improved survival compared with patients not receiving ART . ( 18 ) However , in another study from New York City , ICU mortality was not different in patients admitted between 1997 and 1999 when comparing patients receiving effective ART with those not on ART . ( ) Further , the prior use of combination ART was not associated with differences in overall hospital mortality or length of stay . ( ) Conclusions regarding the impact of ART on outcome are limited by the nonrandomized nature of these retrospective studies and by the inability to measure potential bias in the selection of which patients received ART . In addition , these studies do not address treatment failure , drug resistance , or medication nonadherence prior to ICU admission , all of which also influence outcome . ( ) The question of whether critically ill HIV patients who require ICU admission for AIDS - related conditions should be started on ART while in the ICU can be answered definitively only by a randomized , prospective study . Intensive care providers should be aware of potential complicating issues in patients who are already on ART or who initiate ART in the ICU . Antiretroviral and other HIV - related medications are involved in numerous drug - drug interactions that can alter serum drug levels and result in adverse effects . ( 19 ) Thus , the decision to initiate ART in a critically ill patient requires careful consideration . Each patient ' s medications should be reviewed carefully to prevent or minimize adverse effects when initiating new therapies in the ICU . Administration of ART can be complicated by unpredictable GI absorption of medications , lack of parenteral formulations for many medications , and complicated dosing regimens . ( 15 ) Clinicians also need to be acutely aware of complications that may result directly or indirectly from the use of ART . Patients may develop drug hypersensitivity reactions ( perhaps more common with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [ NNRTIs ] and with the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [ NRTI ] abacavir than with others ) , resulting in fever , hypotension , and , as reported for abacavir , acute interstitial pneumonitis with respiratory failure . ( 20 ) Fatal lactic acidosis caused by NRTIs has been described . ( 20 , 21 ) ( See HIV InSite Knowledge Base chapter " Metabolic Complications of HIV Therapy . " ) Concurrent use of zidovudine and corticosteroids may result in severe myopathy and respiratory muscle dysfunction . ( 20 In addition , patients started on ART may experience worsening of a previously recognized or unrecognized underlying opportunistic infection , such as cryptococcosis , tuberculosis , or PCP , attributable to increased inflammatory responses related to immune reconstitution . ( 22 - 26 , 27 , 28 ) ( See HIV InSite Knowledge Base chapter " Clinical Implications of Immune Reconstitution in AIDS . " ) A paradoxical increase in disease severity resulting from ART - associated immune reconstitution may be challenging to distinguish clinically from treatment failure or from a superimposed respiratory infection . In an HIV - infected patient who has recently initiated ART , this phenomenon of paradoxical worsening should be a diagnosis of exclusion . A careful evaluation should assess for worsening of underlying infection due to drug resistance or inadequate drug levels , and should rule out a new infection , drug toxicity , or noninfectious complication . At times , immune reconstitution syndromes can result in complications Respiratory Complications of AIDS in the ICU Spectrum of Respiratory Disease Acute respiratory failure is the most common reason for ICU admission in HIV patients . The differential diagnosis and evaluation of patients with respiratory disease is discussed in detail in the Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV . " This section deals with aspects of respiratory infection that are particularly relevant to the ICU setting . PCP In the span of the AIDS epidemic , there have been significant changes in the mortality of PCP - associated acute respiratory failure . Survival rates may continue to fluctuate over the next decade as incidence , management , and demographics of the population at risk change . Changes in the Outcome of Severe PCP Despite the increased use of prophylaxis and effective ART , and the decreased incidence of PCP , PCP - associated acute respiratory failure remains among the most common reasons for ICU admission in HIV - infected patients . Over the duration of the AIDS epidemic , both patients and physicians have changed their expectations and their approaches to the management of PCP - associated acute respiratory failure . Early in the epidemic , data on the outcome of ICU care and mechanical ventilation were limited . Therefore , most patients chose , and most physicians recommended , ICU care and 29 , 30 ) The first data on the outcome of ICU care and mechanical ventilation in this patient population were reported from the early to middle 1980s , and the results were almost uniformly dismal . ( 31 - 34 ) Survival ranged from 0 % to 13 % . ( 31 - 34 ) Among patients with PCP , poor short - term outcome was associated with an older age , a room air arterial oxygen pressure < 50 mm Hg , an alveolar - to - arterial oxygen difference > 50 mm Hg , an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level , and the degree of chest radiographic abnormality . None of these variables , however , predicted mortality once respiratory failure occurred . ( 35 , 36 In the setting of an ultimately fatal disease such as AIDS , the high mortality rate of PCP - associated acute respiratory failure led many patients and physicians to question the appropriateness of ICU admission . ( 37 ) In a study at San Francisco General Hospital , ICU admissions for AIDS patients with PCP declined after the middle of 1984 , despite a yearly increase in the number of AIDS patients hospitalized with PCP . ( 31 ) The suggestion was that the high reported mortality led patients and physicians to eschew ICU care . However , beginning in 1987 , several reports described improved survival for AIDS patients with PCP and acute respiratory failure . ( 38 , 39 ) Other studies published in the late 1980s and early 1990s continued to show improved survival rates of 30 - 45 % . ( 38 - 40 ) The reasons for the improved outcome in this second era are unclear . ( 41 ) Possible explanations include a change in the selection of patients admitted to the ICU , an increased use of PCP prophylaxis ( and more trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole use as compared with aerosolized pentamidine use ) and antiretroviral medication , and an increased use of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for moderate - to - severe PCP . These subsequent reports of improved survival again influenced ICU admissions in the late 1980s . With a renewed optimism regarding outcome and prognosis , hospitals saw an increased use of ICU care for AIDS patients with PCP - associated acute respiratory failure . This 35 Data collected through the 1990s suggest another shift in the epidemiology and survival of PCP - related acute respiratory failure . In the early 1990s , survival rates appeared to decrease again . A 1995 report showed that , although acute respiratory failure from PCP remained the most common reason for ICU admission of HIV - infected patients at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City , this condition accounted for only 34 % of all ICU admissions for this population . ( 42 ) Survival to the time of hospital discharge for this subgroup was 36 % . From a study at San Francisco General Hospital , survival from PCP and acute respiratory failure fell from 39 % during 1986 - 1988 to 24 % during 1989 - 1991 . ( 43 ) Likewise , in a study from Vancouver , survival from PCP - associated acute respiratory failure fell from 50 % during 1981 - 1987 to 11 % during 1987 - 1991 . ( 39 ) From 1989 to 1991 , in the San Francisco General Hospital study , the predictors of death from PCP - associated acute respiratory failure were a low CD4 cell count at admission and the development of pneumothorax related to barotrauma . ( 43 ) Of the 15 patients who developed pneumothorax related to barotrauma while receiving mechanical ventilation , none survived . ( In studies from the middle and late 1990s , the in - hospital survival rate from PCP - related acute respiratory failure ranged from approximately 40 - 50 % ( 1 - 4 , 6 ) up to 75 % . ( 12 ) One study confirmed this improved survival in a random survey of 71 hospitals in 7 regions within the United States , finding nearly 40 % hospital survival in patients with PCP requiring mechanical ventilation . ( 44 ) Most recently , an improved survival of 75 % versus 37 % has been reported in HIV patients with severe PCP on combination ART compared with those not on ART , respectively . ( 18 ) Nonetheless , mortality due to severe PCP remains high . In addition to the prognostic features discussed above , patients who are admitted to the ICU after 5 or more days of PCP treatment or who are initiated on mechanical ventilation after more than 3 days of treatment may have a worse survival rate . ( 18 , 45 , 46 ) Other studies suggest that PCP patients with neutrophilia on bronchoalveolar lavage or cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) culture positivity may have a worse prognosis as well . ( 47 - 49 ICU Evaluation and Management of PCP Respiratory Failure A thorough understanding of PCP - associated acute respiratory failure in terms of the clinical presentation and therapy as well as the factors affecting survival is vital to the effective critical care of patients with severe PCP . The diagnosis and treatment of PCP is discussed in detail in the Pneumocystosis and HIV . " This section focuses on issues of particular relevance to the ICU setting . PCP - Associated Pneumothorax On chest radiograph , PCP most commonly manifests with bilateral , symmetric reticular or granular opacities . ( 50 - 53 ) In the setting of severe PCP requiring critical care , the opacities usually are diffuse and may resemble the radiographic findings of acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) . Thin - walled , air - containing cysts or pneumatoceles may be seen . ( 54 ) Pneumatoceles may be present at the time of diagnosis or may develop during therapy for PCP . These pneumatoceles often are multiple , can be large , and may predispose patients to pneumothorax . Patients also may develop pneumothorax spontaneously , however , in the absence of radiographically demonstrable pneumatoceles . ( 55 , 56 ) In either case , the development of pneumothorax in the setting of severe PCP , especially if related to the use of mechanical ventilation , portends an extremely poor prognosis and represents a difficult problem to manage , and patients may require multiple chest tubes . Adjunctive Corticosteroids AIDS patients with evidence of moderate - to - severe PCP , defined as a room air arterial oxygen pressure of < 70 mm Hg or an alveolar - arterial difference of > 35 mm Hg , should receive adjunctive corticosteroids . ( 57 - 59 ) Corticosteroid therapy instituted within 24 to 72 hours of PCP therapy has been shown to prevent the initial deterioration often seen in patients with PCP and to reduce the rate of respiratory failure and death . ( 57 ) The role of " rescue " corticosteroid therapy initiated after 72 hours of PCP therapy is less clear . One study reported good survival in mechanically ventilated AIDS patients with PCP when corticosteroids were started 72 hours after PCP therapy . ( 60 ) Although further studies on rescue corticosteroid therapy are needed before definitive recommendations can be made , the potential benefits of adding rescue corticosteroid therapy probably outweigh the risks in critically ill patients with PCP and respiratory failure . Ventilatory Support Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ( NPPV ) such as continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) or bilevel positive airway pressure ( BIPAP ) delivered by a tight - fitting mask has been successful in improving arterial oxygenation in patients with PCP - associated acute respiratory failure . ( 61 ) In an earlier study , 3 groups of patients were shown to benefit from NPPV : patients with acute and presumably short - lived respiratory deterioration after bronchoscopy , patients who requested no intubation but otherwise wished full support , and extubated patients who required a temporary " bridge " until further lung recovery occurred . ( 61 ) In another prospective , nonrandomized trial , the majority of patients who received NPPV avoided intubation and had lower rates of pneumothorax . ( 62 ) As always with NPPV use , patients should be awake , cooperative , and able to protect their airway from aspiration of emesis . Unfortunately , because patients with PCP have an increased work of breathing , many patients with moderate - to - severe PCP who begin NPPV therapy eventually tire and require intubation and mechanical ventilation . For patients requiring full mechanical ventilatory support , generally high respiratory rates by assist control ( AC ) or intermittent mandatory ventilation ( IMV ) modes are needed . Although not addressed specifically in clinical trials , PCP likely should be managed according to current standards for patients with ARDS , using low - tidal - volume ventilation strategies . ( 63 ) Positive end - expiratory pressure ( PEEP ) can increase oxygenation . ( 35 ) Pneumothorax , as discussed above , is of particular concern in patients with PCP . In terms of airway pressures and risk of barotrauma , an earlier investigation in ARDS patients suggested that higher levels of PEEP might be associated with early barotrauma . ( 64 ) However , a later randomized controlled trial of high vs low PEEP in patients with ARDS ventilated with low tidal volumes did not find a difference in rates of barotrauma between the 2 arms . ( 65 ) No studies have investigated the levels of PEEP and risk of barotrauma specifically in patients with PCP . Bacterial Pneumonia BP is a frequent pulmonary complication of HIV infection , and is among the most common causes of respiratory failure resulting in ICU admission . ( 2 , 6 , 66 ) Causative organisms of community - acquired BP in HIV - infected patients include Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus aureus ; atypical pathogens are isolated less frequently . ( 66 - 71 In HIV patients who require ICU admission for severe BP , empiric therapy to cover P aeruginosa and S aureus should be contemplated , particularly as P aeruginosa has been isolated more frequently in HIV patients who are ill enough to require ICU admission . ( 72 ) Factors associated with increased mortality in HIV patients with BP include the presence of septic shock , radiologic progression of infiltrates , and CD4 counts < 100 cells / µL . ( 69 HIV - infected patients also may develop hospital - acquired ( nosocomial ) pneumonia , which most frequently is a complication of mechanical ventilation . In one study , the rate of nosocomial pneumonia decreased from the era prior to effective ART to the era after the introduction of effective ART . ( 73 ) Although bacteria are the most common cause of nosocomial pneumonia , fungal and viral causes also must be considered . Because immunosuppressed patients are at risk for infection with multidrug - resistant pathogens , ( 74 ) empiric antibiotics in HIV - infected patients with suspected hospital - acquired pneumonia should cover potentially multidrug - resistant organisms such as Klebsiella pneumonia Acinetobacter species , as well as methicillin - resistant S aureus and are among the most common causes of nosocomial pneumonia in HIV patients , accounting for up to one third and one quarter of cases , respectively . ( 66 , 73 ) Of note , in one study , approximately 65 % of were methicillin resistant . ( 73 Other Causes of Acute Respiratory Failure in HIV Disease Mycobacterium tuberculosis pneumonia , fungal pneumonias such as those due to Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma capsulatum Coccidioides immitis , and Aspergillus fumigatus , cytomegalovirus pneumonia , and Toxoplasma gondii pneumonitis all have been associated with acute respiratory failure in AIDS patients , although the risk and predictors of acute respiratory failure for these pathogens is unknown . ( 32 , 34 , 35 , 40 , 42 , 75 ) Kaposi sarcoma , non - Hodgkin lymphoma , and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia also have been reported as causes of acute respiratory failure . ( 32 , 34 , 35 , 40 , 42 , 75 ) Acute respiratory failure unrelated to HIV disease ( such as that accompanying an exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , aspiration , congestive heart failure , or drug overdose ) accounts for a small percentage of patients in most case series . ( 40 , 68 , 76 ) Improved outpatient prophylaxis of common HIV - associated infections may be associated with more diverse infections requiring a broader diagnostic workup for the critically ill AIDS patient . Sepsis Sepsis is an increasingly common cause of ICU admission for HIV - infected patients and is associated with a high mortality . ( 7 , 17 ) In general , the management of sepsis in HIV - infected patients is similar to that in HIV - uninfected patients , and includes appropriate volume resuscitation , early institution of broad spectrum antibiotics , and vasopressors as needed to maintain adequate blood pressure . In choosing initial empiric antibiotics , consideration should be given to a patient ' s CD4 count and prophylactic antibiotics ( which may select for bacterial resistance ) , as well as other risk factors for particular infections , such as intravenous drug use and exposures to endemic fungi and mycobacteria . As with Although therapies such as corticosteroids and recombinant human activated protein C have been shown to improve survival in mainly HIV - uninfected populations with sepsis , their use can not be extrapolated to all critically ill HIV - infected persons . PROWESS , the randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of activated protein C in critically ill patients , ( 77 ) excluded HIV - infected patients with CD4 counts < = 50 cells / µL . Additional exclusion criteria that are particularly relevant to HIV - infected patients included a history of CNS mass lesion and a platelet count of < 30,000 / µL . Low - dose steroids also have been demonstrated to improve survival in HIV - uninfected patients with severe sepsis requiring vasopressors who have a < 9 mcg / dL increase in serum cortisol levels in response to corticotropin stimulation testing . ( 78 ) Whether steroids improve outcome in HIV - infected patients with sepsis is unknown , as this trial excluded HIV - infected patients . Nonetheless , the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency is high in HIV - infected critically ill patients , and thus recommendations have been made to consider all HIV - infected patients in the ICU for evaluation and treatment of adrenal insufficiency . ( 79 Neurologic Complications of AIDS in the ICU Patients with neurologic manifestations of HIV may require critical care for intractable seizures or for an altered level of consciousness ranging from lethargy to coma ; these conditions often can be associated with secondary respiratory failure that requires intubation and mechanical ventilation . The HIV - related neurologic processes that can cause an acute deterioration generally are mass lesions , meningitides , or , rarely , myelopathies . The most common etiologies of mass lesions are T gondii infection and primary CNS lymphoma , whereas the most common cause of meningitis is C neoformans infection . ( 80 ) Other major CNS infections encountered in the setting of HIV infection include progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy , a progressive demyelinating disease ; CMV ; and herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) encephalitis . ( 81 ) Because HIV is a neurotropic virus , a variety of neurologic insults can occur , including myelopathy ( occasionally causing spastic paralysis ) , peripheral neuropathy ( rarely causing respiratory failure from a Guillain - Barré - like syndrome ) , and HIV encephalopathy or AIDS dementia . The clinical manifestations and evaluation of HIV - infected patients with neurologic disease are discussed in more detail in the Neurologic Manifestations of HIV . " In a case series of all AIDS patients admitted to one ICU , 17 % of admissions were for " neurologic failure , " defined as an altered level of consciousness or seizures requiring ICU management . ( 82 ) Most of these patients required mechanical ventilation because of the severity of their neurologic dysfunction . The most frequent diagnosis was CNS toxoplasmosis . The 3 - month mortality rate was 68 % ; profound coma was the cause of death in 50 % . Independent predictors of death were a Glasgow Coma Score of < 7 and clinical signs of brain stem involvement . The specific neurologic diagnosis , CD4 count , and prior health status were not predictive of outcome . CNS dysfunction has a strong impact on a patient ' s ability to make decisions regarding health care , and can be particularly challenging when patients are hospitalized in the ICU and unable to communicate regarding end - of - life decisions . Approximately 40 % of ART - untreated patients experience some neurologic process ( typically AIDS dementia complex or cryptococcal meningitis ) that limits decision - making capacity . ( 80 ) Clearly , whereas neurologic dysfunction affects a patient ' s ability to participate in clinical decision - making , it also affects the patient ' s perceived quality of life . In a study of outpatients in an AIDS clinic , 53 % reported that they would want life - sustaining treatment if required , but only 19 % reported that they would want this level of care if they also had coexistent AIDS dementia . ( 76 ) This study highlights the importance of establishing advance directives and designation of surrogate decision - makers early in the course of patient care , prior to the onset of clinical deterioration . Gastrointestinal Complications of AIDS in the ICU A variety of GI disorders can either necessitate admission to an ICU or complicate the course of care in an ICU . Although relatively infrequent compared with other GI complications of HIV outside the ICU , GI bleeding is the most common GI diagnosis necessitating ICU admission in HIV - infected patients . ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 83 , 84 ) Bleeding in HIV - infected patients is more likely to occur in the upper GI tract than in the lower GI tract . ( 84 ) Approximately half of the cases of upper GI bleeding in HIV - infected patients are attributable to HIV - related conditions , including infectious esophagitis and ulcers , Kaposi sarcoma , and AIDS - associated lymphoma . ( 84 ) HIV - infected patients also can present with non - HIV - associated causes of upper GI bleeding such as gastric or duodenal ulcers , variceal bleeding , or erosive gastritis . In lower GI bleeding , approximately 70 % of cases are related to the underlying HIV infection . ( ) CMV colitis and idiopathic colon ulcers are the most common causes . Other etiologies include Kaposi sarcoma , AIDS - associated lymphoma , Mycobacterium avium complex , and other HIV - associated infectious causes . ( 83 The management of patients with HIV and acute GI bleeding is similar to that of non - HIV - infected individuals , and consists of fluid resuscitation , identification of the bleeding source , attainment of hemostasis , and prevention of recurrent bleeding . Bleeding may be exacerbated by concomitant HIV - associated thrombocytopenia . Furthermore , observational studies suggest that HIV - infected patients may have a higher rate of rebleeding than non - HIV - infected patients , although direct comparative studies have not been done . ( Other GI disorders requiring ICU admission include hepatic encephalopathy ( often due to end - stage liver disease and underlying viral hepatitis ) , peritonitis , and bowel perforation . In AIDS patients , the most common cause of life - threatening abdominal pain is peritonitis from small bowel or colon enteritis caused by CMV , with or without demonstrable perforation . ( 85 ) Bowel perforations also have been associated with Kaposi sarcoma , lymphoma , and mycobacterial infection . ( 83 ) Patients also may present with pancreatitis , which can be caused by antiretroviral medications , pentamidine , or other drugs . AIDS cholangiopathy , caused by a variety of infectious and neoplastic processes , can range in presentation from asymptomatic cholestasis to fulminant biliary sepsis . ( ) Critically ill patients with probable cholangitis should receive fluids and broad - spectrum antibiotics directed against gram - negative bacteria . Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy may be palliative in septic patients with sonographic evidence of common bile duct dilation . ( 85 ) Acute abdominal problems unrelated to immunosuppression also must be considered in evaluating the HIV - infected patient . Advance Directives and Designation of a Surrogate Decisions with regard to ICU care of AIDS patients , as with all ICU admissions , involve estimation of short - term prognosis and goals , benefits , and patient wishes regarding life - sustaining treatment . A fundamental part of a patient ' s right to autonomy includes the right of a competent and informed patient to refuse care in terminal as well as nonterminal diseases . An advance directive is the expression of a patient ' s preferences , determined while he or she possesses decision - making capacity , concerning future medical care , including life - 86 ) Generally , advance directives take the form of either a living will or the designation of some trusted person ( referred to as a " surrogate " or , in some states , " durable power of attorney for health care " ) with decision - making authority . Because living wills , as written instruments , may not address all medical scenarios encountered , a surrogate may provide more flexibility . ( 86 ) Additionally , the surrogate , by using his or her perception of the patient ' s wishes , can include any new relevant medical advances in weighing decisions . Because it is seldom possible to predict when an event that impairs decision - making capacity may occur , patients should be encouraged to discuss their wishes about life - sustaining treatment with their designated surrogate as well as with their primary care provider as early as possible in the course of care . In patients with HIV , such discussions may be inappropriately delayed . In one study , almost 75 % of AIDS patients wanted to discuss life - sustaining treatment with their physicians and thought that the most appropriate time to discuss issues of future care was 76 ) Only one third of individuals surveyed in an outpatient AIDS clinic , however , had ever held such a discussion with their physicians . Patients who had been hospitalized within the past year were more likely to have a living will than those never hospitalized and also were more likely to have discussed life - sustaining treatments , at least with family members and partners . A number of perceived barriers may delay discussions regarding end - of - life care . In another study , 57 AIDS patients and their primary care clinicians were interviewed to identify barriers and facilitators to patient - clinician communication about end - of - life care . ( 87 ) Clinicians reported more barriers to communication than did patients ; some common reasons that clinicians did not discuss end - of - life care with patients included the perception that the patient had not yet experienced severe illness , the impression that the patient was not yet ready to discuss end - of - life care , and the lack of time available at appointments . End - of - life discussions may be facilitated using a " patient - centered " approach that incorporates an " HIV - specific advance directive , " which describes specific scenarios relevant 88 ) Continued education and interventions are needed to improve the quality of communication between clinicians and patients regarding advance directives and end - of - life issues . Summary HIV - infected patients can require critical care for a number of reasons . Many patients may not be identified as HIV infected at the time of ICU admission , and providers must remain aware of the possibility of a new diagnosis of HIV infection among their critically ill patients . Acute respiratory failure remains the most common ICU - admitting diagnosis and usually is due to infectious causes , particularly PCP or BP . Other common indications for ICU admission include sepsis , CNS dysfunction , and GI complications , especially GI bleeding . As discussed , the spectrum References 1 . Lazard T , Retel O , Guidet B , Maury E , Valleron AJ , Offenstadt G . AIDS in a medical intensive care unit : immediate prognosis and long - term survival . Jama 1996 ; 276 : 1240 - 5 . 2 . Rosen MJ , Clayton K , Schneider RF , Fulkerson W , Rao AV , Stansell J , Kvale PA , Glassroth J , Reichman LB , Wallace JM , Hopewell PC . Intensive care of patients with HIV infection : utilization , critical illnesses , and outcomes . Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997 ; 155 : 67 - 71 . 3 . Gill JK , Greene L , Miller R , Pozniak A , Cartledge J , Fisher M , Nelson MR , Soni N . ICU admission in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus - a multicentre survey . Anaesthesia 1999 ; 54 : 727 - 32 . 4 . Afessa B , Green B . Clinical course , prognostic factors , and outcome prediction for HIV patients in the ICU . The PIP ( Pulmonary complications , ICU support , and prognostic factors in hospitalized patients with HIV ) study . Chest 2000 ; 118 : 138 - 45 . 5 . Nickas G , Wachter RM . Outcomes of intensive care for patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection . Arch Intern Med 2000 ; 160 : 541 - 7 . 6 . Morris A , Creasman J , Turner J , Luce JM , Wachter RM , Huang L . Intensive care of human immunodeficiency virus - infected patients during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 ; 166 : 262 - 7 . 7 . Casalino E , Wolff M , Ravaud P , Choquet C , Bruneel F , Regnier B . Impact of HAART advent on admission patterns and survival in HIV - infected patients admitted to an intensive care unit . Aids 2004 ; 18 : 1429 - 33 . 8 . Nuesch R , Geigy N , Schaedler E , Battegay M . Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on hospitalization characteristics of HIV - infected patients . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002 ; 21 : 684 - 7 . 9 . Vincent B , Timsit JF , Auburtin M , Schortgen F , Bouadma L , Wolff M , Regnier B . Characteristics and outcomes of HIV - infected patients in the ICU : impact of the highly active antiretroviral treatment era . Intensive Care Med 2004 ; 30 : 859 - 66 . 10 . Narasimhan M , Posner AJ , DePalo VA , Mayo PH , Rosen MJ . Intensive care in patients with HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy . Chest 2004 ; 125 : 1800 - 4 . 11 . Khouli H , Afrasiabi A , Shibli M , Hajal R , Barrett CR , Homel P . Outcome of critically ill human immunodeficiency virus - infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy . J Intensive Care Med 2005 ; 20 : 327 - 33 . 12 . Casalino E , Mendoza - Sassi G , Wolff M , Bedos JP , Gaudebout C , Regnier B , Vachon F . Predictors of short - and long - term survival in HIV - infected patients admitted to the ICU . Chest 1998 ; 113 : 421 - 9 . 13 . Smit C , Geskus R , Walker S , Sabin C , Coutinho R , Porter K , Prins M . Effective therapy has altered the spectrum of cause - specific mortality following HIV seroconversion . Aids 2006 ; 20 : 741 - 9 . 14 . Mocroft A , Brettle R , Kirk O , Blaxhult A , Parkin JM , Antunes F , Francioli P , D ' Arminio Monforte A , Fox Z , Lundgren JD . Changes in the cause of death among HIV positive subjects across Europe : results from the EuroSIDA study . Aids 2002 ; 16 : 1663 - 71 . 15 . Morris A , Masur H , Huang L . Current issues in critical care of the human immunodeficiency virus - infected patient . Crit Care Med 2006 ; 34 : 42 - 9 . 16 . Thyrault M , Gachot B , Chastang C , Souweine B , Timsit JF , Bedos JP , Regnier B , Wolff M . Septic shock in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Intensive Care Med 1997 ; 23 : 1018 - 23 . 17 . Rosenberg AL , Seneff MG , Atiyeh L , Wagner R , Bojanowski L , Zimmerman JE . The importance of bacterial sepsis in intensive care unit patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome : implications for future care in the age of increasing antiretroviral resistance . Crit Care Med 2001 ; 29 : 548 - 56 . 18 . Morris A , Wachter RM , Luce J , Turner J , Huang L . Improved survival with highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV - infected patients with severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Aids 2003 ; 17 : 73 - 80 . 19 . Piscitelli SC , Gallicano KD . Interactions among drugs for HIV and opportunistic infections . N Engl J Med 2001 ; 344 : 984 - 96 . 20 . Carr A , Cooper DA . Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy . Lancet 2000 ; 356 : 1423 - 30 . 21 . Yeni PG , Hammer SM , Carpenter CC , Cooper DA , Fischl MA , Gatell JM , Gazzard BG , Hirsch MS , Jacobsen DM , Katzenstein DA , Montaner JS , Richman DD , Saag MS , Schechter M , Schooley RT , Thompson MA , Vella S , Volberding PA . Antiretroviral treatment for adult HIV infection in 2002 : updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society - USA Panel . Jama 2002 ; 288 : 222 - 35 . 22 . Narita M , Ashkin D , Hollender ES , Pitchenik AE . Paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis following antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998 ; 158 : 157 - 61 . 23 . Woods ML , 2nd , MacGinley R , Eisen DP , Allworth AM . HIV combination therapy : partial immune restitution unmasking latent cryptococcal infection . Aids 1998 ; 12 : 1491 - 4 . 24 . Burman WJ , Jones BE . Treatment of HIV - related tuberculosis in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 ; 164 : 7 - 12 . 25 . Wislez M , Bergot E , Antoine M , Parrot A , Carette MF , Mayaud C , Cadranel J . Acute respiratory failure following HAART introduction in patients treated for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 ; 164 : 847 - 51 . 26 . Jenny - Avital ER , Abadi M . Immune reconstitution cryptococcosis after initiation of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy . Clin Infect Dis 2002 ; 35 : e128 - 33 . 27 . French MA , Price P , Stone SF . Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy . Aids 2004 ; 18 : 1615 - 27 . 28 . Shelburne SA , Montes M , Hamill RJ . Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome : more answers , more questions . J Antimicrob Chemother 2006 ; 57 : 167 - 70 . 29 . Friedman Y , Franklin C , Rackow EC , Weil MH . Improved survival in patients with AIDS , Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , and severe respiratory failure . Chest 1989 ; 96 : 862 - 6 . 30 . Rosen MJ , De Palo VA . Outcome of intensive care for patients with AIDS . Crit Care Clin 1993 ; 9 : 107 - 14 . 31 . Wachter RM , Luce JM , Turner J , Volberding P , Hopewell PC . Intensive care of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Outcome and changing patterns of utilization . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986 ; 134 : 891 - 6 . 32 . Schein RM , Fischl MA , Pitchenik AE , Sprung CL . ICU survival of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Crit Care Med 1986 ; 14 : 1026 - 7 . 33 . Murray JF , Felton CP , Garay SM , Gottlieb MS , Hopewell PC , Stover DE , Teirstein AS . Pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Report of a National Heart , Lung , and Blood Institute workshop . N Engl J Med 1984 ; 310 : 1682 - 8 . 34 . Stover DE , White DA , Romano PA , Gellene RA , Robeson WA . Spectrum of pulmonary diseases associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome . Am J Med 1985 ; 78 : 429 - 37 . 35 . Wachter RM , Luce JM , Hopewell PC . Critical care of patients with AIDS . Jama 1992 ; 267 : 541 - 7 . 36 . Antinori A , Maiuro G , Pallavicini F , Valente F , Ventura G , Marasca G , Murri R , Pizzigallo E , Camilli G , Tamburrini E . Prognostic factors of early fatal outcome and long - term survival in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Eur J Epidemiol 1993 ; 9 : 183 - 9 . 37 . Luce JM , Wachter RM . Intensive care for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Intensive Care Med 1989 ; 15 : 481 - 2 . 38 . Luce JM , Wachter RM , Hopewell PC . Intensive care of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome : time for a reassessment ? Am Rev Respir Dis 1988 ; 137 : 1261 - 3 . 39 . Hawley PH , Ronco JJ , Guillemi SA , Quieffin J , Russell JA , Lawson LM , Schechter MT , Montaner JS . Decreasing frequency but worsening mortality of acute respiratory failure secondary to AIDS - related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Chest 1994 ; 106 : 1456 - 9 . 40 . Rogers PL , Lane HC , Henderson DK , Parrillo J , Masur H . Admission of AIDS patients to a medical intensive care unit : causes and outcome . Crit Care Med 1989 ; 17 : 113 - 7 . 41 . Wachter RM , Russi MB , Bloch DA , Hopewell PC , Luce JM . Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure in AIDS . Improved outcomes and increased use of intensive care units . Am Rev Respir Dis 1991 ; 143 : 251 - 6 . 42 . De Palo VA , Millstein BH , Mayo PH , Salzman SH , Rosen MJ . Outcome of intensive care in patients with HIV infection . Chest 1995 ; 107 : 506 - 10 . 43 . Curtis JR , Greenberg DL , Hudson LD , Fisher LD , Krone MR , Collier AC . Changing use of intensive care for HIV - infected patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994 ; 150 : 1305 - 10 . 44 . Randall Curtis J , Yarnold PR , Schwartz DN , Weinstein RA , Bennett CL . Improvements in outcomes of acute respiratory failure for patients with human immunodeficiency virus - related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 ; 162 : 393 - 8 . 45 . Bedos JP , Dumoulin JL , Gachot B , Veber B , Wolff M , Regnier B , Chevret S . Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia requiring intensive care management : survival and prognostic study in 110 patients with human immunodeficiency virus . Crit Care Med 1999 ; 27 : 1109 - 15 . 46 . Forrest DM , Zala C , Djurdjev O , Singer J , Craib KJ , Lawson L , Russell JA , Montaner JS . Determinants of short - and long - term outcome in patients with respiratory failure caused by AIDS - related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Arch Intern Med 1999 ; 159 : 741 - 7 . 47 . Azoulay E , Parrot A , Flahault A , Cesari D , Lecomte I , Roux P , Saidi F , Fartoukh M , Bernaudin JF , Cadranel J , Mayaud C . AIDS - related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the era of adjunctive steroids : implication of BAL neutrophilia . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 ; 160 : 493 - 9 . 48 . Bang D , Emborg J , Elkjaer J , Lundgren JD , Benfield TL . Independent risk of mechanical ventilation for AIDS - related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia . Respir Med 2001 ; 95 : 661 - 5 . 49 . Benfield TL , Helweg - Larsen J , Bang D , Junge J , Lundgren JD . Prognostic markers of short - term mortality in AIDS - associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Chest 2001 ; 119 : 844 - 51 . 50 . Cohen BA , Pomeranz S , Rabinowitz JG , Rosen MJ , Train JS , Norton KI , Mendelson DS . Pulmonary complications of AIDS : radiologic features . AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984 ; 143 : 115 - 22 . 51 . DeLorenzo LJ , Huang CT , Maguire GP , Stone DJ . Roentgenographic patterns of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 104 patients with AIDS . Chest 1987 ; 91 : 323 - 7 . 52 . Gamsu G , Hecht ST , Birnberg FA , Coleman DL , Golden JA . Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men . AJR Am J Roentgenol 1982 ; 139 : 647 - 51 . 53 . Suster B , Akerman M , Orenstein M , Wax MR . Pulmonary manifestations of AIDS : review of 106 episodes . Radiology 1986 ; 161 : 87 - 93 . 54 . Sandhu JS , Goodman PC . Pulmonary cysts associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS . Radiology 1989 ; 173 : 33 - 5 . 55 . Goodman PC , Daley C , Minagi H . Spontaneous pneumothorax in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986 ; 147 : 29 - 31 . 56 . Metersky ML , Colt HG , Olson LK , Shanks TG . AIDS - related spontaneous pneumothorax . Risk factors and treatment . Chest 1995 ; 108 : 946 - 51 . 57 . Consensus statement on the use of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . The National Institutes of Health - University of California Expert Panel for Corticosteroids as Adjunctive Therapy for Pneumocystis Pneumonia . N Engl J Med 1990 ; 323 : 1500 - 4 . 58 . Gagnon S , Boota AM , Fischl MA , Baier H , Kirksey OW , La Voie L . Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . A double - blind , placebo - controlled trial . N Engl J Med 1990 ; 323 : 1444 - 50 . 59 . Bozzette SA , Sattler FR , Chiu J , Wu AW , Gluckstein D , Kemper C , Bartok A , Niosi J , Abramson I , Coffman J , et al . A controlled trial of early adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . California Collaborative Treatment Group . N Engl J Med 1990 ; 323 : 1451 - 7 . 60 . LaRocco A , Jr . , Amundson DE , Wallace MR , Malone JL , Oldfield EC , 3rd . Corticosteroids for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with acute respiratory failure . Experience with rescue therapy . Chest 1992 ; 102 : 892 - 5 . 61 . Gregg RW , Friedman BC , Williams JF , McGrath BJ , Zimmerman JE . Continuous positive airway pressure by face mask in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Crit Care Med 1990 ; 18 : 21 - 4 . 62 . Confalonieri M , Calderini E , Terraciano S , Chidini G , Celeste E , Puccio G , Gregoretti C , Meduri GU . Noninvasive ventilation for treating acute respiratory failure in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Intensive Care Med 2002 ; 28 : 1233 - 8 . 63 . Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome . The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network . N Engl J Med 2000 ; 342 : 1301 - 8 . 64 . Eisner MD , Thompson BT , Schoenfeld D , Anzueto A , Matthay MA . Airway pressures and early barotrauma in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 ; 165 : 978 - 82 . 65 . Brower RG , Lanken PN , MacIntyre N , Matthay MA , Morris A , Ancukiewicz M , Schoenfeld D , Thompson BT . Higher versus lower positive end - expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome . N Engl J Med 2004 ; 351 : 327 - 36 . 66 . Afessa B , Green B . Bacterial pneumonia in hospitalized patients with HIV infection : the Pulmonary Complications , ICU Support , and Prognostic Factors of Hospitalized Patients with HIV ( PIP ) Study . Chest 2000 ; 117 : 1017 - 22 . 67 . Huang L , Stansell JD . AIDS and the lung . Med Clin North Am 1996 ; 80 : 775 - 801 . 68 . Hirschtick RE , Glassroth J , Jordan MC , Wilcosky TC , Wallace JM , Kvale PA , Markowitz N , Rosen MJ , Mangura BT , Hopewell PC . Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus . Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group . N Engl J Med 1995 ; 333 : 845 - 51 . 69 . Cordero E , Pachon J , Rivero A , Giron JA , Gomez - Mateos J , Merino MD , Torres - Tortosa M , Gonzalez - Serrano M , Aliaga L , Collado A , Hernandez - Quero J , Barrera A , Nuno E . Community - acquired bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus - infected patients : validation of severity criteria . The Grupo Andaluz para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Infecciosas . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 ; 162 : 2063 - 8 . 70 . Boumis E , Petrosillo N , Girardi E , De Carli G , Armignacco O , Visca P , Ippolito G . Changing patterns in the etiology of HIV - associated bacterial pneumonia in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001 ; 20 : 71 - 3 . 71 . Rimland D , Navin TR , Lennox JL , Jernigan JA , Kaplan J , Erdman D , Morrison CJ , Wahlquist SP . Prospective study of etiologic agents of community - acquired pneumonia in patients with HIV infection . Aids 2002 ; 16 : 85 - 95 . 72 . Park DR , Sherbin VL , Goodman MS , Pacifico AD , Rubenfeld GD , Polissar NL , Root RK . The etiology of community - acquired pneumonia at an urban public hospital : influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and initial severity of illness . J Infect Dis 2001 ; 184 : 268 - 77 . 73 . Franzetti F , Grassini A , Piazza M , Degl ' innocenti M , Bandera A , Gazzola L , Marchetti G , Gori A . Nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in HIV - infected patients : risk factors for adverse outcome and implications for rational empiric antibiotic therapy . Infection 2006 ; 34 : 9 - 16 . 74 . Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital - acquired , ventilator - associated , and healthcare - associated pneumonia . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005 ; 171 : 388 - 416 . 75 . Lazard T , Retel O , Guidet B , Maury E , Valleron AJ , Offenstadt G . AIDS in a medical intensive care unit : immediate prognosis and long - term survival . JAMA . 1996 Oct 16 ; 276 ( 15 ) : 1240 - 5 . 76 . Steinbrook R , Lo B , Moulton J , Saika G , Hollander H , Volberding PA . Preferences of homosexual men with AIDS for life - sustaining treatment . N Engl J Med 1986 ; 314 : 457 - 60 . 77 . Bernard GR , Vincent JL , Laterre PF , LaRosa SP , Dhainaut JF , Lopez - Rodriguez A , Steingrub JS , Garber GE , Helterbrand JD , Ely EW , Fisher CJ , Jr . Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis . N Engl J Med 2001 ; 344 : 699 - 709 . 78 . Annane D , Sebille V , Charpentier C , Bollaert PE , Francois B , Korach JM , Capellier G , Cohen Y , Azoulay E , Troche G , Chaumet - Riffaut P , Bellissant E . Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock . Jama 2002 ; 288 : 862 - 71 . 79 . Marik PE , Kiminyo K , Zaloga GP . Adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients with human immunodeficiency virus . Crit Care Med 2002 ; 30 : 1267 - 73 . 80 . Levy RM , Berger JR . Neurologic critical care in patients with human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection . Crit Care Clin 1993 ; 9 : 49 - 72 . 81 . Mamidi A , DeSimone JA , Pomerantz RJ . Central nervous system infections in individuals with HIV - 1 infection . J Neurovirol 2002 ; 8 : 158 - 67 . 82 . Bedos JP , Chastang C , Lucet JC , Kalo T , Gachot B , Wolff M . Early predictors of outcome for HIV patients with neurological failure . Jama 1995 ; 273 : 35 - 40 . 83 . Lew E , Dieterich D , Poles M , Scholes J . Gastrointestinal emergencies in the patient with AIDS . Crit Care Clin 1995 ; 11 : 531 - 60 . 84 . Chalasani N , Wilcox CM . Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with AIDS . AIDS Patient Care STDS 1999 ; 13 : 343 - 6 . 85 . Wilcox CM . Serious gastrointestinal disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection . Crit Care Clin 1993 ; 9 : 73 - 88 . 86 . Wachter RM , Lo B . Advance directives for patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection . Crit Care Clin 1993 ; 9 : 125 - 36 . 87 . Curtis JR , Patrick DL , Caldwell ES , Collier AC . Why do n ' t patients and physicians talk about end - of - life care ? Barriers to communication for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and their primary care clinicians . Arch Intern Med 2000 ; 160 : 1690 - 6 . 88 . Selwyn PA . Palliative care for patient with human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immune deficiency syndrome . J Palliat Med 2005 ; 8 : 1248 - 68 . | [
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http://hkd.fx-exchange.com/ | Hong Kong Dollar ( HKD ) Today Currency Exchange Hong Kong Dollar ( HKD ) Currency Exchange Rates This is the page of Hong Kong Dollar ( HKD ) Currency Exchange Rates . It shares two tables , one is the HKD currency converts to the major currencies ; the other is the HKD currency converts to other currencies in which there are five options to select , also can click the corresponding link to go to the currency pairs page , or the currency pairs history page . 19 : 16 USD EUR GBP JPY AUD CAD CHF CNY HKD 1 HKD = Inverse : 0.1276 7.839 0.1129 8.8592 0.0975 10.2588 14.2867 0.07 0.1779 5.6227 0.1706 5.8601 0.1281 7.8048 0.8558 1.1685 Major World Currencies Cross Table North and South America Asia Europe Pacific and Middle East Africa Country Exchange Date Pairing Historical Exchange Netherlands Antillean Guilder 0.23789 April 15 , 7 : 04 pm HKD / ANG Historical Argentine Peso 5.30849 April 15 , 7 : 04 pm HKD / ARS Historical Bolivian Boliviano 0.88266 HKD / BOB Brazilian Real 0.4937 HKD / BRL Canadian Dollar 0.17065 HKD / CAD Chilean Peso 84.54015 HKD / CLP Colombian Peso 400.2832 HKD / COP Costa Rican Colon 76.51344 HKD / CRC Dominican Peso 6.46069 HKD / DOP Honduran Lempira 3.13053 HKD / HNL Cayman Islands Dollar 0.10629 HKD / KYD Mexican Peso 2.40863 HKD / MXN Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro 4.20334 HKD / NIO Peruvian Nuevo Sol 0.42076 HKD / PEN Paraguayan Guarani 791.7961 HKD / PYG Salvadoran Colon 1.11601 HKD / SVC Trinidad and Tobago Dollar 0.86462 HKD / TTD US Dollar 0.12757 HKD / USD Uruguayan Peso 4.35384 HKD / UYU Venezuelan Bolivar Fuerte 1.27409 HKD / VEF The currency exchange rates above were updated at 15 / Apr / 19 19 : 16 UTC Want to see more currencies ? See full Currency Exchange Rates table . . . Link to this page - if you would like to link to Hong Kong Dollar ( HKD ) Currency Exchange . please copy and paste the HTML from below into your page : < a href = " https : / / www . fx - exchange . com / hkd / " > Hong Kong Dollar Currency Exchange < / a > | [
"Hong Kong Dollar",
"Currency Exchange Rates"
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http://hls.harvard.edu/dept/sfs/basics-for-prospective-and-admitted-students/meeting-the-cost-of-attendance/ | Home Departments J.D. Student Financial Services Financial Aid Basics Meeting the Cost of Attendance Meeting the Cost of Attendance J.D. Student Financial Services Prospective and Admitted Students Policy Overview Public Service Prior to Law School A Word or Two About Housing Financial Clearance for 1L Orientation Cost , Billing and Disbursement Financial Aid Low Income Protection Plan Summer Public Interest Funding Public Service Initiative Contact Us Key Resources & Tools Login to the SFS Self - Service Portal HLS Borrowing Summary Report iGrad : Financial Fitness Awaits You ! HLS Student Financial Services 5027 Wasserstein Hall ( WCC ) 1585 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02138 Phone : 617 - 495 - 4606 Email : sfs @ law . harvard . edu Cost of Attendance The standard student budget represents average costs for most students , and establishes an annual limit on financial aid ( grants and loans from all sources ) available to each student . Continue Reading Meeting Need The Financial Aid Program at Harvard Law School is entirely need - based . A student ’ s need is determined by subtracting an assessed family contribution from the cost of attendance ( or “ student budget ” ) . Continue Reading Sample Aid Packages Here are two hypothetical aid package examples to illustrate how we met demonstrated financial need at Harvard Law School for the current academic year . Applying for Loans You can finance the entire cost of your education through loans , if needed . Student Financial Services provides information and resources to help you through the process of securing loans . About Consumer Debt While attending law school , you should be especially wary of using credit cards as a substitute for careful budgeting . | [
"Meeting",
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http://hlsbook.net/how-to-encrypt-hls-video-with-ffmpeg/ | How to Encrypt Video for HLS 25 Replies In this post , we ’ ll look at what encryption HLS supports and how to encrypt your videos with ffmpeg . Encryption is the process of encoding information in such a way that only authorised parties can read it . The encryption process requires some kind of secret ( key ) together with an encryption algorithm . There are many different types of encryption algorithms but HLS only supports AES - 128 . The Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) is an example of a block cipher , which encrypts ( and decrypts ) data in fixed - size blocks . It ’ s a symmetric key algorithm , which means that the key that is used to encrypt data is also used to decrypt it . AES - 128 uses a key length of 128 bits ( 16 bytes ) . HLS uses AES in cipher block chaining ( CBC ) mode . This means each block is encrypted using the cipher text of the preceding block , but this gives us a problem : how do we encrypt the first block ? There is no block before it ! To get around this problem we use what is known as an initialisation vector ( IV ) . In this instance , it ’ s a 16 - byte random value that is used to intialize the encryption process . It does n ’ t need to be kept secret for the encryption to be secure . Before we can encrypt our videos , we need an encryption key . I ’ m going to use OpenSSL to create the key , which we can do like so : $ openssl rand 16 > enc . key This instructs OpenSSL to generate a random 16 - byte value , which corresponds to the key length ( 128 bits ) . The next step is to generate an IV . This step is optional . ( If no value is provided , the segment sequence number will be used instead . ) $ openssl rand - hex 16 ecd0d06eaf884d8226c33928e87efa33 Make a note of the output as you ’ ll need it shortly . To encrypt the video we need to tell ffmpeg what encryption key to use , the URI of the key , and so on . We do this with - hls_key_info_file option passing it the location of a key info file . The file must be in the following format : Key URI Path to key file IV ( optional ) The first line specifies the URI of the key , which will be written to the playlist . The second line is the path to the file containing the encryption key , and the ( optional ) third line contains the initialisation vector . Here ’ s an example ( enc . keyinfo ) : https : / / hlsbook . net / enc . key enc . key ecd0d06eaf884d8226c33928e87efa33 Now that we have everything we need , run the following command to encrypt the video segments : ffmpeg - y \ - i sample . mov \ - hls_time 9 \ - hls_key_info_file enc . keyinfo - hls_playlist_type vod \ - hls_segment_filename " fileSequence % d . ts " \ prog_index . m3u8 Take a look at the generated playlist ( prog_index . m3u8 ) . It should look something like this : # EXTM3U # EXT - X - VERSION : 3 # EXT - X - TARGETDURATION : 9 # EXT - X - MEDIA - SEQUENCE : 0 # EXT - X - PLAYLIST - TYPE : VOD # EXT - X - KEY : METHOD = AES - 128 , URI = " https : / / hlsbook . net / enc . key " , IV = 0xecd0d06eaf884d8226c33928e87efa33 # EXTINF : 8.33333 fileSequence0 . ts # EXTINF : 8.33333 fileSequence1 . ts # EXTINF : 8.33333 fileSequence2 . ts # EXTINF : 8.33333 fileSequence3 . ts # EXTINF : 8.33333 fileSequence4 . ts # EXTINF : 5.66667 fileSequence5 . ts # EXT - X - ENDLIST Note the URI of the encryption key . The player will retrieve the key from this location to decrypt the media segments . To protect the key from eavesdroppers it should be served over HTTPS . You may also want to implement some of authentication mechanism to restrict who has access to the key . If you ’ re interested , the book goes into some detail about how to achieve this . Click here to buy a copy . To verify that the segments really are encrypted , try playing them using a media player like QuickTime or VLC . You should n ’ t be able to . Now run the command above without the encryption and then try playing a segment . Notice the difference . In this instance , all the segments are encrypted with the same key . It can be beneficial to periodically change the encryption keys to minimise the impact if a particular key is exposed . This is known as key rotation , and the amount of time between successive key generations is referred to as the key rotation period . To enable key rotation , set the - hls_flags option to periodic_rekey . When enabled , the key info file will be checked periodically . If the file has changed , segments will then be encrypted with the new encryption key . However , we still need to come up with a way of generating new keys and updating the key info file . Here ’ s an example of how it could be done : # ! / bin / bash i = 2 while true do sleep 15 tmpfile = mktemp openssl rand 16 > enc $ i . key echo https : / / hlsbook . net / enc $ i . key > $ tmpfile echo enc $ i . key > > $ tmpfile echo openssl rand - hex 16 > > $ tmpfile mv $ tmpfile enc . keyinfo let i++ done The script uses the same values as before for the base URL ( for each key ) and key info file . It generates a new encryption key every 15 seconds , updating the key info file accordingly . ( In practice you would choose a much longer key rotation period . ) To test it , run ffmpeg again but this time enable key rotation . At the same time , open a new terminal and run the script from the same directory . ( The script will run forever until you terminate it . ) When ffmpeg has finished , terminate the script . Take a look at the playlist . You should now see a number of different key entries in the playlist . All the segments that follow a key tag ( # EXT - X - KEY ) are now encrypted using the key specified by the tag , instead of using one key to encrypt all segments like before . Even though HLS supports encryption , which provides some sort of content protection , it is n ’ t a full DRM solution . If that kind of thing interests you then you may want to take a look at Apple ’ s FairPlay Streaming solution . Like this : Loading . . . This entry was posted in ffmpeg on August 26 , 2016 ← Segmenting Video with ffmpeg – Part 2 How to Serve HLS Video from an S3 Bucket → | [
"Encrypt Video",
"HLS",
"cipher block chaining"
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http://hmhbooks.com/hmh/site/hobbit/home/LOTR/ | The Lord of the Rings One Ring to rule them all , One Ring to find them , One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them In ancient times the Rings of Power were crafted by the Elven - smiths , and Sauron , the Dark Lord , forged the One Ring , filling it with his own power so that he could rule all others . But the One Ring was taken from him , and though he sought it throughout Middle - earth , it remained lost to him . After many ages it fell by chance into the hands of the hobbit Bilbo Baggins . From Sauron ' s fastness in the Dark Tower of Mordor , his power spread far and wide . Sauron gathered all the Great Rings to him , but always he searched for the One Ring that would complete his dominion . When Bilbo reached his eleventy - first birthday he disappeared , bequeathing to his young cousin Frodo the Ruling Ring and a perilous quest : to journey across Middle - earth , deep into the shadow of the Dark Lord , and destroy the Ring by casting it into the Cracks of Doom . The Lord of the Rings tells of the great quest undertaken by Frodo and the Fellowship of the Ring : Gandalf the Wizard ; the hobbits Merry , Pippin , and Sam ; Gimli the Dwarf ; Legolas the Elf ; Boromir of Gondor ; and a tall , mysterious stranger called Strider . is a sweeping epic told in three parts : The Fellowship of the Ring — Part One Frodo Baggins knew the Ringwraiths were searching for him — and the Ring of Power he bore that would enable Sauron to destroy all that was good in Middle - earth . Now it was up to Frodo and his faithful servant , Sam , to carry the Ring to where it could be destroyed — in the very center of Sauron ' s dark kingdom of Mordor . The Two Towers — Part Two The Fellowship was scattered . Some were bracing hopelessly for war against the ancient evil of Sauron . Some were contending with the treachery of the wizard Saruman . Only Frodo and Sam were left to take the accursed Ring of Power to be destroyed in Mordor , seat of Sauron ' s power . Their guide was Gollum , deceitful and lust - filled , slave to the Ring ' s corruption . The Return of the King — Part Three Frodo and Sam struggled deep into Mordor . But the way was impossibly hard , and Frodo was weakening . Meanwhile , the people of Gondor and Rohan prepared to face the full assault of Sauron ' s forces . The Lord of the Rings is available in a variety of editions and formats published by Houghton Mifflin . Please find a complete listing in our online catalog . Some of our most popular include : The Lord of the Rings : Single - Volume Edition The Lord of the Rings : Illustrated by Alan Lee The Lord of the Rings : Young Reader ' s Editions The Lord of the Rings : One - volume Illustrated Edition | [
"The Lord of the Rings"
] |
http://hmongembroidery.org/symbols.html | Hmong Motifs & Symbols The design motifs listed here are typically found on many types of Hmong embroidery and story cloths ( paj ntaub ) . Elephant ' s Foot Ko taw ntxhw Snail Qab qwj Snail / Chev Lub qwj yees Mountain Rooj House Lub tsev Quarter Rickrack / Steps Tus ntaiv Rickrack / Step Theem ntaiv X or a Cross Tus cim caiv Fence Laj kab Dragon tail Zaj / Ko tw zaj Ram ' s horn Kub yaj Chicken feet Ko taw qaib Clam Pias deg Leaf Frond Nplooj Kaus Suab Cucumber Seed Noob Dib Heart Lub plawv Shadow / Spirit / Soul / doll Moj Zeej Pinwheel Sun Hnub Sun Hnub Star Hnub qub Star Hnub qub Three Headed Elephant Taub hau ntxhw Hook Tus khawb Hook Tus Khawb Tus Khawb Crab ' s Claws Tes raub ris Landscape Liaj av teb Maze Diamond Diamond Flower Paj Cucumber / Pumpkin seeds Noob dib / Noob Taub Flower Paj Flower / Pinwheel Seeds Noob / Nrhia Seeds Noob Peacock Ocellus Qhov muag Yajyuam Chicken Eye Qhov muag qaib | [
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http://hnb.dhs.vic.gov.au/web/pubaff/medrel.nsf/0/d997ebd880e16693ca256f9400029104 | DHS home > Media Releases GARDEN ALERT : WARNING TO HANDLE POTTING MIX SAFELY Tuesday , 25 January 2005 GARDEN ALERT : WARNING TO HANDLE POTTING MIX SAFELY Health Minister Bronwyn Pike has stepped in to warn Victorian gardeners about the little - known but potentially deadly risks associated with everyday potting mixes – following what is believed to be the first - ever suspected cases of potting mix - related death in the State last year . Ms Pike said three Victorians died last year from Legionella longbeachae , a bacteria commonly found in potting mix . In at least two of the three cases , the victims had been exposed to potting mix before their deaths . “ To many gardeners , potting mix may seem harmless , but it can actually be very dangerous unless the correct procedures are followed , ” Ms Pike said . Legionella longbeachae is a form of Legionnaires ’ disease . It is found in minute quantities in the general environment ( including soil ) and is not a health hazard . But the ingredients and moistness of potting mix make it the ideal breeding ground for the bacteria . “ In recent years , infections have been on the rise . During 2004 there were 27 cases of related illness , typically pneumonia , in Victoria . This figure includes the three deaths . Contact with potting mix was believed to be the cause of illness in many of the cases . ” is different from Legionella pneumophila , the more well - known form of Legionnaires ’ disease found in poorly maintained cooling towers and spas . Ms Pike said gardeners using potting mix should always follow the manufacturer ’ s safety instructions on the bag . Tips to observe when using potting mix include : Wear a particulate disposable mask to avoid breathing in dusts . These are available from large hardware stores ; Wear suitable eye protection such as good quality sunglasses , or goggles / safety glasses ; Do not shake the bag before opening it , as this will produce dust particles ; Moisten contents of bag by spraying lightly with water upon opening . Do this by making a small opening and insert a garden hose to dampen potting mix to avoid creating dust ; Always open potting mix bags at arms length in a well ventilated place with care to avoid breathing in airborne particles ; Store potting mix products in a cool dry location to limit growth of bacteria ; Clean up by sweeping whilst the product is damp to reduce dust ; and Wash hands on completion of use of potting mix and wash work clothes regularly . Victoria ’ s Acting Chief Health Officer Dr John Carnie said the different types of legionella bacteria all cause a rare form of atypical pneumonia . Early symptoms include fever , chills , headache , shortness of breath , sometimes dry cough , muscle aches and pain . “ Most people who breathe in the bacteria do not become ill . The risk of disease is increased with age , smoking , and in people with weakened immune systems , ” Dr Carnie said . Further information about Legionella , legal requirements and the analysis of samples can be obtained at www . health . vic . gov . au / ideas / downloads / leg_facts . pdf or www . legionella . vic . gov . au or by contacting the Legionella Program on 1800 248 898 . Media Release Attachment - 050123 - pottingmix . doc [ Word , 45568 Bytes ] For information relating to this page contact : Senior Media Officer , Phone : Media Unit Site authorised by : Media Manager , Media Unit , Portfolio Services and Strategic Projects . Last Updated : 3 January 2007 Copyright | Disclaimer | Privacy Statement Privacy Statement | | | | [
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http://hniizato.com/pluto-says-opposite-of-depth-is/ | Pluto Says An Opposite of Depth is Nothingness Hiroki Niizato Updated : October 14 , 2018 Pluto is the symbols of depth , as befitting his title “ god of the underworld . ” Depth , as in deep knowledge , emotions and beliefs . The opposite of depth is not height , but shallowness . Pluto is the symbol of extremes , and it can represent the height of ecstasy as well as the depth of despair . Its opposite is simply nothingness . Nothingness , in the sense that “ nothing happens . ” No ecstasy or despair , no wild success or failure , no risk and no reward . Like a flat line in EKG that symbolizes death . Pluto Aspects Demand Depth … Or Nothingness Whatever Pluto touches in your horoscope will have this quality of “ all or nothing ” extreme . Consider the following Pluto aspects : Pluto conjunct , square or opposition Venus ( also , Pluto in 7 th house ) will assure that relationships will be accompanied by extreme emotions . So much is expected in terms of intimacy – there needs to be absolute honesty and depth of sharing . It ’ s either that , or ‘ nothingness ’ of shallow relationships which are unsatisfying . Pluto conjunct , square or opposition Mars will necessitate intense burst of energy , a show of force . Action must be taken to fulfill desire . Energy must be exercised to the limit of one ’ s capacity . Otherwise , the energy might implode unto oneself in the form of weight gain or depression – a common yet tragic result from the decision to do nothing . Pluto conjunct , square or opposition Mercury will demand Herculean exertion of the mind . Mind must acquire power to know , speak and influence to the n - th degree . Alternative is the shallow stream of daily conversations about nothing – which creates deep inner anxiety and frustration . Pluto conjunct , square or opposition Sun will necessitate deeply authentic personal expression . Shallowness means denial of one ’ s deeply seated problems . Nothing happens until honest confrontation with oneself has been achieved . Pluto conjunct , square or opposition Moon will similarly suggest the necessity for authentic emotional expression . As a child , one ’ s emotions might have been hijacked by a powerful adult ( most likely the mother . ) Emotional patterns inherited from parental figures might need to be examined and discarded if necessary . Pluto conjunct , square or opposition Jupiter suggests depth of faith in oneself or a higher power that is needed in order to function well . Pluto conjunct , square or opposition Saturn requires depth of commitment , effort and integrity that is required to succeed . A choice to avoid depth in these areas leads to underachievement . A Hint About Depth Usually a prominent Pluto placement suggests a trauma , a wound of some sort that needs to be healed . If there are no such personal issues to be solved , most likely there will be other issues that will take us deeper – like confronting the injustice that abound in the outside world . Either way , it ’ s heavy stuff . With Pluto , the awareness of wounds or injustice already exists , at least subconsciously . So the choice to do nothing equals denial , which drains our power and deadens our emotions . Wherever Pluto is found in the horoscope , we may need to bravely confront what is wrong within ourselves or our immediate environment . The alternative is stultifying , frustrating nothingness … Are you a Plutonian ? How do you deal with this need for depth , and an aversion to shallowness in the area touched by Pluto ? Filed Under : Aspects Astrological Planets Pluto Aspects 59 Comments About Hiroki Niizato Hiroki Niizato is a professional consulting astrologer in Florida , serving clients in US and abroad . He has been practicing astrology professionally since 2001 . Hiroki is a highest honor graduate of the demanding Master ’ s Degree Certification Course in Astrology by Noel Tyl . You can contact Hiroki via email at : Hiroki @ hniizato . com or schedule a consultation . | [
"Pluto Says An Opposite of Depth is Nothingness",
"A Hint About Depth"
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http://hoa.org.uk/services/ask-an-expert-2/ask-an-expert-i-am-managing/how-do-i-object-to-a-planning-application/ | How do I object to a planning application ? How do I successfully object to a planning application ? My neighbour is planning an extension . Can one of your planning experts give me a steer as to the most important factors planners take into account . When objecting to a planning application , it is important to remember that the planning officers and planning committee can only take valid planning issues into account when considering the merits of a planning application . Whilst construction nuisance and possible impacts on the value of property can be very real issues , they are not planning matters and as such do not determine the merits of the planning application . If your neighbour is proposing a large extension adjacent to your property , the issues to consider are whether it will cause you to lose a significant level of sunlight and daylight ; whether there are windows in the extension which would result in you feeling much more overlooked and causing a loss of privacy ; and whether you would feel a greater sense of In planning , loss of a view is not a consideration but if your outlook becomes unacceptably closed in then this is a planning matter . If you feel that some or all of these would arise from the proposed extension , they are material considerations in the determination of an application , and I would recommend writing to the case officer explaining your concerns about the proposal and the impact your feel it would have on these matters : outlook , light and privacy . If you also feel that the design of the extension looks too dominant and overbearing in terms of the host building and also the character of built form in your street , then this is also a valid planning issue The design may also be out of keeping with the existing style of property . Design is however quite a subjective matter , and often a stronger objection can be made in terms of the impact on light , outlook etc as this affects the enjoyment of your property . I would also recommend speaking to the case officer to let them know that you will be making an objection and when they need to have it by . I tend to think on an issue like this that a petition might appear too orchestrated . The impact of an extension is really on the immediate neighbours not everyone else up and down your road . However , sometimes it can help to speak to your local ward councillor as they may be willing to help and perhaps speak at committee on your behalf or to the planning department . Simon Wallis BA Hons , MA , MRTPI , Associate Director , Planning , Savills , Incorporating The London Planning Practice Ltd For answers to your questions , dedicated support and expert advice on your homeowning queries , join us as a member today Leave a comment Name * Mail ( will not be published ) * ) Comment * * required Please send me the HOA newsletter ! 2 Comments My neighbour has has just applied for conversion of dwelling house into two flats ( 1 by 2 bed , 1 by 1 bed ) which will involve a construction of an additional floor with balcony on our shared flat roof . The height will be out of character with the other houses . How can I appeal against this application ? Comment by Seth — January 17 , 2014 @ 2 : 36 pm My neighbour has just extended a summer house and garden shed into one and then extended both towards the back by the same length again , resulting in an enormouse “ structure ” , for which they have been requested to put in retrospective planning permission . I ’ m not sure about the actual measurements , but it is pretty sizeable . I have been asked to comment and I certainly do n ’ t want it there as it ’ s an eye - sore and I fully suspect that it will be used by the family who Comment by Amanda — January 9 , 2014 @ 6 : 44 pm | [
"planning application",
"planning committee",
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http://hoboride.com/ | Reasons to Ride Meet the team Thomas Ford ( Chief Executive Officer ) Thomas G Ford Jr . Atlanta Native is HOBO Technology ' s Founder and Managing Partner . Thomas is an extreme visionary ; continually striving to find the American Dream . He is always motivated to help others and dedicated to breaking down barriers that bind communities and segregate cultures . The US Navy Veteran has had the opportunity to visit many counties and gained a vast amount of experience and knowledge of international affairs . The up and incoming philanthropist seeks to use his future wealth to empower a divers community of people and promote unity . Through his Anil Kothiyal ( Chief Technical Officer ) Anil Kothiyal Managing Partner is a creative technology genius who is able to take the most complicated ideas and turn it into reality . Managing a team of over 50 under his employee , he is a leader in research and development and cyber security . Anil is not just the technology behind the ideas , the Indian descendant strives to breakdown culture and community barriers creating a universal bound by providing leadership in a culturally diverse community . He aggressively supports small international business growth , establishing wider net of friendships and productive relationships between the United States and | [
"Reasons to Ride",
"HOBO Technologies LLC"
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http://hockey.ballparks.com/NHL/ChicagoBlackhawks/index.htm | BALLPARKS . com © 1996 - 2017 by Paul Munsey & Cory Suppes About BALLPARKS . com Advertising Awards & Publicity Disclaimer CFL Past Present Future Stadiums MLB Past , Present & Future Ballparks NBA Past Present Future Arenas NCAA Stadiums NFL NHL Arenas Air Canada Centre Amalie Arena American Airlines Center Barclays Center BB&T Center Bell MTS Centre Bridgestone Arena Canadian Tire Centre Gila River Arena Honda Center KeyBank Center Le Centre Bell Little Caesars Arena Madison Square Garden Nationwide Arena NHL Annual Awards Pepsi Center PNC Arena PPG Paints Arena Prudential Center Rogers Arena Rogers Place SAP Center at San Jose Scotiabank Saddledome Scottrade Center Staples Center T - Mobile Arena TD Garden United Center Verizon Center Wells Fargo Center Xcel Energy Center Olympic Past & Future United Center Venue Particulars Address 1901 West Madison Street Chicago , IL 60612 Phone ( 312 ) 455 - 4500 Official Website Seating Weather Newspaper Satellite View Blackhawks Gear Venue Resources Hotels , Dining & Deals in Chicago The Facility Opened August 18 , 1994 Ownership ( Management ) Rocky Wirtz and Jerry Reinsdorf ( United Center Joint Venture ) Cost of Construction $ 175 million Arena Financing Private ( 80 % bank loans , 20 % from building owners ) . City contributed $ 30 million infrastructure costs . Naming Rights United Airlines paid an estimated $ 1.8 million annually for 20 - year naming rights in 1994 . Arena Architects Populous Marmon Mok W.E. Simpson Company General Contractors / Construction Managers Huber , Hunt & Nichols Other Facts Tenants Chicago Blackhawks ( NHL ) 1994 - Present Chicago Bulls ( NBA ) 1994 - Present Population Base 10,000,000 On Site Parking 4,500 Nearest Airport O ' Hare International Airport ( ORD ) Retired Numbers # 1 Glen Hall # 3 Keith Magnuson # 9 Bobby Hull # 18 Denis Savard # 21 Stan Mikita # 35 Tony Esposito # 99 Wayne Gretzky Championships 1st 1934 2nd 1938 3rd 1961 3rd 2010 4th 2013 5th 2015 Seating Capacity 20,500 Average Ticket $ 34.88 ( 2006 - 2007 ) $ 52.22 ( 2008 - 2009 ) Fan Cost Index ( FCI ) $ 225.52 ( 2006 - 2007 ) $ 312.38 ( 2008 - 2009 ) The Team Marketing Report FCI includes : four average - price tickets ; four small soft drinks ; two small beers ; four hot dogs ; two game programs ; parking ; and two adult - size caps . Luxury Suites 160 Suites Party Suites 216 Suites Club Seats 3,100 Basketball 21,711 Concerts 24,500 Attendance History Season Total Capacity Change 1992 - 93 728,390 103 % 2.5 % 1993 - 94 728,816 103 % 0.1 % 1994 - 95 499,445 102 % - 31.5 % 1995 - 96 835,971 99 % 67.4 % 1996 - 97 795,165 95 % - 4.9 % 1997 - 98 752,611 90 % - 5.4 % 1998 - 99 710,530 85 % - 6.0 % 1999 - 00 667,237 79 % - 6.1 % 2000 - 01 614,875 73.2 % - 7.8 % 2001 - 02 2002 - 03 2003 - 04 2004 - 05 638,324 606,580 543,374 None 2005 - 06 2006 - 07 2007 - 08 2008 - 09 546,075 521,809 689,377 912,155 2009 - 10 2010 - 11 2011 - 12 2012 - 13 854,267 878,356 882,874 522,619 2013 - 14 2014 - 15 2015 - 16 2016 - 17 927,545 892,532 896,240 891,827 1992 - 1994 - Attendance for Chicago Stadium , Chicago , Illinois . 1994 - 1995 - Attendance for 24 games due to NHL lockout . 2004 - 2005 - NHL lockout 2012 - 2013 - Attendance for 24 games due to NHL lockout . 2013 - 2014 - Attendance includes one game at Soldier Field . Sources : Mediaventures It was the dawn of the Next Ice Age . After 65 years in the historic Chicago Stadium , the Blackhawks moved across Madison Street for the 1994 - 95 season and into their new home - the United Center . The Blackhawks ' first season in the United Center was certainly a memorable one . Chicago hosted Edmonton on January 25 , 1995 in the United Center ' s inaugural NHL game . Blackhawk forward Joe Murphy scored the first goal in United Center history as the Oilers defeated the Blackhawks 5 - 1 in the historic game . The United Center , which has a capacity of 20,500 for hockey ( almost 3,000 more than the Stadium ) was filled to the rafters almost every time the Hawks took the ice . The Blackhawks set an NHL record by averaging 20,833 fans during the 1994 - 95 season - becoming the first team in NHL history to record an average of 20,000 + fans for one season . During the second season of action at the UC , the Blackhawks set another NHL attendance record , becoming the first team in league history to average 20,000 + fans for an entire 41 - game regular season . Chicago averaged 20,415 fans per game as 837,021 fans came to watch their Blackhawks . The Blackhawks continued to set attendance records during their third season at the United Center as a team record 22,819 packed the UC for a matinee against Wayne Gretzky and the New York Rangers on February 15 , 1997 . The first six seasons of Blackhawk hockey at the UC have provided many exciting moments on the ice , but those have been almost equalled by the experience of visiting the United Center . The United Center features the ultimate in fan entertainment and comfort . Some of the new amenities include : an eight sided video replay scoreboard , theatre - style seats , 210 luxurious suites , over 3,000 Club seats , 46 permanent concession stands and 194 points of sale , a cocktail lounge , private banquet facilities , interactive concourse displays , TV monitors throughout the building , Fandemonium ( a Blackhawks and Bulls souvenir store ) and four other merchandise stands . The United Center also contains the best in fan convenience and accessibility . There are eight escalators and extra wide concourses for better mobility . Cash stations , along with coat and parcel check areas , are available on every level . There are 48 restrooms and an increased capacity for women ' s restrooms . Seating is unobstructed throughout the arena . The United Center is a 960,000 square foot multi - use facility that was officially opened on August 18 , 1994 after a ribbon cutting ceremony . The UC accommodates 20,500 for hockey , 21,500 for basketball , and up to 23,500 for concerts and other entertainment . The United Center was also home to the 1996 Democratic National Convention . The United Center is located between Madison and Monroe Streets on the city ' s near west side . And while no building can recreate the atmosphere of the historic Chicago Stadium or the events that took place there , the six seasons in the United Center have already provided many special moments that are sure to grow in the hearts of Blackhawk fans . Courtesy the Chicago Blackhawks The United Center Stadium of the Chicago Blackhawks is brand new , opening in 1994 across the street from the historic Chicago Stadium . It cost $ 175 million to construct , and is at least twice as large as the old place . The building ' s exterior is modeled after 1920s architecture , which makes it look older than it really is . Sightlines inside are superb , and the seats are very comfortable . Getting there From O ' Hare Airport , take 90 East to Madison St . exit . Turn right on Madison , and go for about a mile , where the Center will be on the right . No one will try to dispute that the United Center is n ’ t as cozy as the Chicago Stadium . Architecturally , legally ( thanks to city building codes ) and mathematically , that was n ’ t possible . The Hawks new home covers roughly 900,000 square feet . The old barn measured only about 300,000 . But what was lost in character when the Stadium closed , has been replaced by hundreds of technical improvements in the United Center . The new 20,500 seat arena is the most modern , well - appointed facility currently housing a National Hockey League team . " Right now , I think this is the best ( new arena ) that ’ s been built , " said Terry Savarise , the facility ’ s senior vice president of operations . " The owners did n ’ t spare any money in fan comfort and convenience . " Fans will notice the difference instantly when they walk through the doors . While the Stadium ’ s cramped , dark hallways had their charm , you had to push and shove your way through them before and after games and during intermissions . The United Center has wide , airy concourses that permit fans to mingle and chat while not obstructing others who might want to rush to their seats or one of the 48 public restrooms . For those who really want to move up in a hurry , eight escalators and seven passenger elevators server every level In general , the building has been designed to accommodate the needs of people who are on the go . Automatic teller machines are located on the main and club levels . A guest services office will help fans in general seating areas with special requests . You can even receive an emergency phone call if you register at the Ameritech Emergency Message Center . Fans seated in the club level - the arena ’ s middle tier - or in one of 216 sold - out private suites - get even more personalized attention . Suite holders and visitors But to truly get to know and appreciated the United Center , walk , do n ’ t run . There ’ s plenty to grab your attention . Pre - Game Browsing , Noshing For instance , the old wooden novelty stands at the Stadium have been replaced by four sportswear stores plus Fandemonium , the building ’ s full service , 5,000 square foot store for Hawks , Bulls , NHL and NBA licensed merchandise . Even just a few years ago , the amount of NHL apparel and novelty items was limited . However , thanks to aggressive expansion by NHL Enterprises , the league ’ s marketing arm , thousands of products with NHL colors and logos are available today . Besides being a retail outlet , Fandemonium also includes a Hawks and Bulls Hall of Fame and a 70 - seat theater . The Hall of Fame includes real Blackhawk lockers from the Stadium , old equipment and memorabilia right down to Jim Pappin ’ s first contract . The theater will run various sports theme films throughout the year . Fans also will find the selection of food and beverage more varied , appetizing and accessible at the United Center . The building has 46 concession stands serving sports staples such as hot dogs , hamburgers , popcorn and pizza . However , the menu has been expanded to included grilled chicken , meatball , Italian beef and other deli sandwiches , Mexican specialties and even Chris Chelios ’ " Cheli ’ s Chili " . " Sweet Treats " sells dessert items ranging from Edy ’ s soft - serve ice cream to Fannie May candies . Thanks to modern preparation facilities and additional personnel , food and beverages should be fresher and better tasting than in the Stadium . Feeding up to 20,000 people on demand is a major undertaking . So at the United Center , more than 600 food service employees are on hand for every Hawks game . At the Stadium , food and beverage staff was only 200 . Just how much food and refreshments are sold ? According to Larry Acton , vice president of Bismarck Enterprises ( the United Center ’ s caterers ) during the first half of the 1994 - 95 NBA season , Bulls fans consumed an average of about 3,500 slices of pizza , 600 pounds of hot dogs , 1,500 gallons of soda and 4,000 gallons of beer per night . The Beer Facts Hawks President Bill Wirtz , knowing his customers preferences , gave an early order that beer must be both fresh and cold at all times . As a result , the United Center has a state - of - the - art brew delivery and vending systems . Fifteen brands of beer are available in the facility and all of them are pumped from eight distribution stations to individual vending lines throughout the building . Acton says Bismarck accepts no batches that are more than 15 days old and points out that the new system eliminates the aluminum kegs that once rolled down the Stadium ’ s corridors . Beer remains available from vendors in the seating area . But no longer do the vendors sell pre - poured brew from cups in trays . Instead , vendors walk the stands with backpacks loaded with the most popular brands . The biggest benefit : inside the packs , beer loses only one degree of chill per hour . Vendors then dispense beer via a hose directly from the packs into cups when the customer orders . " It will take a few more seconds to serve , but the quality of the product is greatly improved , " Acton said . Upscale Dining and Services For fans who access club seating or private suites , the level of service - and menu - is even better . On the United Center ’ s club seating 200 level , fans may place orders from and be served in their seats , or visit concession stands themselves . The Club Level also includes spacious lounge areas , which are suspended above the main , ground level concourse . Club seat ticket holders also may visit the Chicago Stadium Club , a restaurant which features a full - service mahogany - paneled bar , on the west end of the building . The Stadium Club serves pre - game meals from an elaborate buffet or a la carte . Entrees , priced similarly to those at other white - tablecloth restaurants , range from prime rib , to veal chops to grilled salmon . The Stadium Club is also open after games for lighter fare and drinks . The club , or portions of it , also can be rented for special private receptions and affairs . Private suite guests get the ultimate in service . The boxes , which are leased primarily by corporations , have annual base prices ranging from $ 55,000 to $ 175,000 . Boxes on the lowest tier are the most spacious and have the most amenities , including private washrooms . All suite guests , however , can select from trays of cold and hot appetizers and entrees . To keep the food and beverages fresh , the suites include refrigerators and steam tables . A dessert cart also makes its rounds on all three suite levels during events . All suites have " front porch " viewing areas that extend into the seating bowl and main parlors furnished with sofas , televisions and wet bars . Before the United Center opened , suite holders were able to choose form several interior design packages . Off - Ice Entertainment Once the game begins , all fans can enjoy the United Center ’ s scoreboard , which includes four 12 ’ x 9 ’ Sony JumboTron screens for replays and other video presentations . The eight - sided scoreboard also has four matrix screens that relay statistics and other information . In addition to the game score , goal scorers , penalties and other customary hockey information , the new JumboTron scoreboard provides a wealth of other game statistics . The new data includes attack zone time , possessions off faceoffs , prime scoring chances , turnovers , hits , blocked shots and other information that NHL coaches closely watch and review with their teams . Besides a visual show , fans will continue to be entertained musically in the United Center . Hockey fans will be glad to hear the familiar sound of the Barton organ from Chicago Stadium - - it was re - created for the new place , something that took over a year to do . The old Barton pipe organ that was housed in the Stadium could not be moved across the street , however , the United Center ’ s Allen Digital Organ has been designed to recreate the distinct sounds of its predecessor , plus many more . It ' s Better Behind the Scenes The United Center also includes improvements that fans may never see or hear , but that benefit the people who work there . At last , the Bulls offices are located in the same building that houses their home court . Meanwhile , the Hawks offices , which were cramped and windowless at the Stadium , are bright , spacious and located on the east side of the United Center . Meanwhile , other arena management and support employees have improved working areas , including new offices , meeting spaces and locker rooms . In the Stadium , press work areas were installed as an afterthought . At the United Center , the main media facilities were planned in advance . Live television and radio broadcast booths are in the middle of the south side . Meanwhile , print and non - live electronic journalists are accommodated on multi - tiered booths on either side . The Team ' s Complex is Complex Finally , the Hawks players , coaching and training staffs have a dressing room , training and office facilities that are as well - appointed as any in the NHL . The entire team complex is located on ice level on the north side of the arena with direct access to the Hawks ’ bench . So how ’ s the area designed ? At the heart is the club ’ s main dressing room with individual player spaces ( there are no divided stalls or lockers ) arranged in a large " U " shape . The wooden bench at each space opens for storage , with shelving above . In this large room , players actually put on their skates and gear for games . The main dressing area also houses a projection and wide screen TV for reviewing game films and a large dry - erase board where the coaching staff can diagram plays . Adjacent to the main room is a players ’ lounge area where the Hawks can review videos or simply watch TV after practices . This also is where players change in and out of their street clothes . Off to another side of the main dressing room are the team ’ s medial and off - ice training rooms . The medial area , which includes three treatment tables and a massage table , is better equipped than many doctors ’ clinics . The off - ice training room includes rows of stationary bikes ( which the Hawks ride religiously ) and other cardiovascular training gear , plus machine and free weights . Naturally , any sports dressing room includes showers and other standard plumbing fixtures . The Hawks area also has the not - so - standard whirlpool , hot tub and a wood - paneled sauna complete with traditional hot rocks and water buckets . The coaching staff has their own area which is also part of the team ’ s complex . The Head Coach has a private office and Assistant Coaches share a space . Between the two offices is a conference room . Even the training and equipment staff has it own office and work area , something that really did n ’ t exist at the Stadium . In addition to expanded storage areas for sticks and equipment , the staff also has a separate skate work room with a state - of - the - art skate sharpening machine . Compared to the Stadium , the United Center is almost a small city . And thanks to its facilities , the arena ’ s nightly " population " of fans , employees and athletes should stay comfortable and happy . Source : 1994 - 95 Chicago Blackhawks Yearbook . Courtesy Scott Zabolotzky , zabolots @ enteract . com , thanks Scott Construction was begun in April of 1992 , and the ribbon cutting ceremony was held on August 18 th , 1994 . The Blackhawks inaugurated hockey in the United Center on January 25 , 1995 , defeating the Edmonton Oilers 5 - 1 . Blackhawk forward Joe Murphy scored the first goal in the United Center . * 3,500 tons of steel were used in the construction of the building - enough to build 28 life - sized replicas of the Statue of Liberty . * 645,000 sq . ft . of drywall laid which is enough to cover 13 floors of the Sears Tower . * 41,000 cubic yards of concrete were used in the building - enough to equal a 5 - ft . wide sidewalk from the United Center to the Berto Center in Deerfield , Illinois ( Bulls ' practice facility ) . * The building has 1,850 doors , 6,500 parking spaces , 8 escalators , 9 elevators , and 50 bathrooms that are equally distributed among men and women . * The United Center is 136 feet tall . Ice Surface Many guests believe that new ice is created with each game . This is far from the truth . The ice is originally created at the beginning of the season in September for the Blackhawks Training Camp . The very first layer of ice is painted white to give it the appearance that it is clean and flawless . The Chicago Blackhawk Indian head , sponsor logos and the regulation lines are hand - painted with a quick - drying paint called Jet - Ice . The logos are then sealed and the ice is sprayed on one layer at Miscellaneous Facts The regulation hockey surface is 85 ' wide and 200 ' long , which is 17,000 square feet of ice . * Square Feet : 960,000 ; * Restrooms : 50 ; * Concession Stands : 46 ; * Elevators : 9 ; * Escalators : 8 ; * Doors : 850 ; * Dressing Rooms : 9 ; * Locker Rooms : 6 ; * Banquet Rooms : 4 ; * Restaurants : 3 ; * Merchandise Stores : 1 . * On average there are 7 to 10 tons of garbage collected at the end of all Chicago Blackhawks games . * The United Center has three Zamboni ice resurfacing machines - - one was purchased in 1969 and is the oldest model in the entire league . * The United Center was one of the first arenas in the country with the ability to have a semi drive right through the loading dock and out onto the floor for load in / load out . * Denis Savard was the first Blackhawk to have his uniform number retired at the United Center when his No . 18 was raised to the rafters on March 19 , 1998 . Strangely enough , in the early morning hours of that same day , a certain United Center employee received direct permission from MJ to dress the Jordan Statue in full Savy gear - skates and a Denis Savard jersey . Although the joke caused some sense of controversy around the building , it was still a great sight to see even if only for a few hours * On February 22 , 1996 , Blackhawk winger Tony Amonte recorded the first hat trick in the United Center against the St . Louis Blues in the 53 rd game played at the UC . THE ULTIMATE SPORTS ROAD TRIP By : Andrew Kulyk & Peter Farrell United Center Ranking by USRT Architecture 7 Concessions 6 Scoreboard 7 Ushers 6 Fan Support 5.5 Location 2 Banners / History 8 Entertainment Concourses / Fan Comfort Bonus : Chicago Stadium Organ 2 Bonus : Clapping thru National Athem Total Score 58.5 February 20 , 2001 February 21 , 2001 - The United Center was opened in 1994 to replace the aging Chicago Stadium . Sitting at the opposite side of Madison Avenue from where the old Stadium existed , this facility dominates the surrounding neighborhood in its sheer size and fact that there is little more than empty lots for parking in the immediate area surrounding it . This building was constructed during the midst of the Bulls heyday of the 90 ' s when the team was the hottest ticket in town and by the looks of the size of this place they built a venue large enough The Concourses In the lower concourse you will find Fandemonium , the main souvenir outlet for Bulls and Blackhawks merchandise . Also there is a private restaurant for season ticketholders ( The Locker Room ) and a public one ( The Windy City Grill ) . . . this amidst a wide selection of concessions of almost every type of food one could ever want ! ! ! The Club concourse features the Chicago Stadium Club , a Harbour club style buffet restaurant where the walls are adorned with all kinds of prints and memorabilia from events that occured at the Bulls and ' Hawks old stomping grounds . The rest of the club concourse has plenty of upscale food and merchandise concessions as well as lounges with plenty of room to pull up a nice comfortable chair , put your drink on a table and watch the game on one of several monitors . And even in the upper concourse you will find the wide selection of The Bowl Not only is there seating for 21,500 fans in three main levels , there are suites above each of those three levels ( total of 212 ) . Despite three years of Bulls players that masquerade as an NBA team and a few years of mediocrity on the ice this building still sells its Bulls games out on a regular basis and draws a healthy crowd for the Blackhawks . We must admit though that the sold out building we sat in for the Bulls game only appeared to be about three quarters full . There must be plenty of Retired Numbers / Banners The Bulls and Blackhawks are two of the most respected and historic franchises in all of sports and the cloth that hangs here reflects that . No silly 6th man banners here as the Bulls and ' Hawks proudly display their great achievements ( NBA Titles , Stanley Cups etc . etc . ) and honor their greatest players such as Stan Mikita and Michael Jordan ( WHO ? ) . Extra Points The Bulls and Blackhawks are famous for events that occur before the game begins . The Bulls were amongst the first to begin the widely used concept of turning out the lights and blasting the music at full bore while introducing the Bulls team to the court . To use another catch phrase here , always imitated , never duplicated . And if there is one place to catch the playing of the Star - Spangled Banner , make sure it is at the United Center before the start of a Blackhawks game . Here the fans cheer loud and Things That Caught Our Eye One jumbotron skit was something called a " Kiss Cam " in which the screen showed a couple together in the audience and the idea is to get them to kiss on - screen . Most couples usually do oblige , however some do need a bit of goading from the fans . The two guys wearing Redwings jerseys did not oblige . " Sing for your Supper " - this is a contest that pits two people in different rows against each other in a karaoke contest . The winner gets dinner for his / her entire row free . BUT GET THIS , the rest of the fans in the audience that are judging have three options to choose from . They can choose either one as the winner or they can also choose neither if the two contestants do not live up to standards and everyone goes home hungry . This was the result the night we were there ! Extra Points The day of the Blackhawks game we happened upon a terrific establishment called Cheli ' s Chili Bar , on West Madison , about a mile from the United Center . This " Cheers " style pub is owned by none other than Chris Chelios himself and is run by Chris ' parents and sister . We spent the entire afternoon there and the Chelios family treated us like kings . What warm and terrific people ! Summary This is a wonderful building with amenities so plentiful that you would have a difficult time finding a venue with more things to see , do , and eat than this one . As far as game presentation is concerned , the Bulls do more of the things now typical of today ' s fan experience ( tossing t / shirts into crowd , 3 live bands in the concourses , face painting etc . ) while a Blackhawks game reminds you more of when a game was simply that , a game . Peter for one found this rather May 28 , 2009 Copyright 2009 MediaVentures Levy Restaurants is taking over concessionaire responsibilities at Chicago ' s United Center . The contract was held by Bismarck Enterprises Inc . , which was founded by Peter Wirtz , the younger brother of Rocky Wirtz who owns the Blackhawks . Peter Wirtz plans to continue the company , but it will be focused on consulting rather than operations . Chicago Blackhawks Chicago Coliseum 1926 - 1929 Chicago Stadium 1929 - 1994 Chicago Bulls International Amphitheater 1966 - 1967 Chicago Stadium 1967 - 1994 BALLPARKS . com © 1996 - 2017 by Munsey & Suppes | [
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http://hoeggerfarmyard.com/urinary-calculi-in-goats/ | The Farmyard Goat Health Blog Goat Health Forum Urinary Calculi in goats Anyone raising goats should be aware of those two little words that cause such a horrible problem . Whether you have backyard goats or a whole herd of show animals , you have or will have to deal with Urinary Calculi ( UC ) at some point . So what is this menace , how do we treat it and better yet how do we prevent it from happening in the first place . With winter coming or in some parts of the country already there , this problem will become more prevalent due to your animals not consuming large What are Urinary Calculi ? Urinary Calculi is the formation of crystals or stones in the urinary tract which block the elimination of urine from the body . ( These are commonly referred to as Kidney Stones in humans . ) Most often these crystals are formed due to a metabolic imbalance in the body caused by feeding too much grain to bucks and wethers . This is most commonly found in show wethers , or bucks being given large amounts of a high - concentrate feed along with low amounts of roughage or hay . There are several different types of crystals or stones but the one most prevalent with home based breeders is struvite crystals . Struvite ( STRU - Vite ) crystals are formed when the calcium phosphorus ratio is off in the diet , and feeding low amount s of hay . In the winter , when goats do n ’ t drink as much water , this can compound the problem . Prevention of Urinary Calculi : A large part of this problem is the early castration of bucks / wethers . When bucks are wethered at an early age , they lose the hormones needed to fully develop their urinary tract , basically once the testosterone is gone the urinary tract quits growing . If your wether was castrated early though there is still hope that he will be fine , with some due diligence on your part . First things first , if you have wethers or even bucks making sure their diet is high in roughage and low in grain is imperative . Some breeds or bloodlines are more prone to urinary calculi just as some humans are more susceptible to having kidney stones . If you must feed a concentrate feed to your wethers or bucks : make sure it is a forage based product ( NOTE : Feeding corn only is not acceptable . Corn contains high amounts of phosphorus which will throw off the calcium phosphorus ratio . ) Contains Ammonium Chloride The feed is a supplement to good quality hay The water source is clean , and fresh All feed products are required to provide a feed tag on the bag . These ingredients are listed from highest concentration to lowest concentration in the bag of feed . So the first product on the list should say something like alfalfa , roughage source , etc . If the bag of feeds first ingredient is grain products , that is the product that is of high concentration in the bag . You may have an issue finding a roughage based feed at your local feed store so the next best thing to look for is Ammonium Chloride . Ammonium Chloride is a common ingredient in meat goat feeds because of the high incidence of Urinary Calculi seen in market animals . These market animals are usually pushed to develop quickly by giving a high concentrate feed with very little hay or roughage . Ammonium chloride is a common ingredient in most commercially based meat goat feeds . If you still have an issue with finding one containing the Ammonium Chloride , Hoegger Supply has it available so you can add it to your feed . NOTE : You must be careful when feeding Ammonium Chloride to any does in the pasture , especially milk animals . When does are lactating the ammonium chloride will not allow for the uptake of calcium and in later years does bones will become brittle if being fed a ration containing ammonium chloride . Even though your wethers and / or bucks have plenty of pasture , they must be given a good quality hay source . Pasture is great for sustaining these guys but knowing from day to day what the quality of grass , browse , or other vegetation in your pasture is would be a daunting task . Make it easy and provide them with a supply of hay . Water is a huge issue , especially in the winter when water buckets are consistently freezing over . My answer to this is simple . Keep a rotation of buckets for your animals . I have a set of buckets outside and one inside . I put fresh water out in the afternoon in one set of buckets , and in the morning fill the buckets in the house with fresh warm water to take to the goats . I take the frozen buckets and dump what I can and take them into the house to thaw to do the Some studies are even indicating that large doses of medication can trigger bouts with Urinary Calculi , especially using antibiotics for an extended period of time . Because antibiotics can trigger metabolic changes in the diet it would be good to feed a product such as Fastrack to help keep the goat ’ s metabolism consistent . Symptoms of Urinary Calculi : Things to look for if you suspect Urinary Calculi : Little to no urine coming out Vocalization when trying to urinate Swelling of the penis area Extended time stretching out when urinating Extreme yellowing around the penis sheath Severe pain when palpating Teeth grinding or gritting Treatment of Urinary Calculi : As with most other goat issues , prevention is a whole lot easier than trying to cure the problem , but if the problem occurs there are some things you can do although if the problem is not caught early enough these treatments may not work . Even veterinarians have limited success with treatment of Urinary Calculi . If your goat can not pass ANY urine , he is completely blocked and the veterinarian should be called immediately . This condition is VERY painful and the goat could die soon from a bladder or urinary tract perforation / or rupture . Most common places for the urinary calculi to deposit are in the sigmoid flexure which is in the body cavity not as previously thought in the penis shaft . The veterinarian , depending on experience with goats , may try to reroute the urine flow from the penis . I have heard of this being done several ways , but be cautioned this is not to be taken lightly and most have to have constant treatment even after the surgery . Some veterinarians have re - routed the boy to basically become a girl , urinating out the back end . Others have put in a stint that the goat will urinate out of . The stint has to be monitored daily and cleaned regularly . Most veterinarians forward If your goat is not completely blocked there are several different treatments you can try . Depending on your confidence with treatments of your goats , you can try these yourself or go ahead and call the veterinarian . These treatments are suggestions from goat breeders and in no way guarantee the success of treatment of your animal . If your animal is at this stage his very life depends on treatment . First , for the pain management , giving an injection of an analgesic will help with pain and swelling . Next you will need to try one of these methods to see if the breakup of the calculi is possible . Home Remedy : As stated before , this is an option for treatment of Urinary Calculi . This treatment in no way guarantees the successful treatment of your animal . ½ red onion Juice from 3 lemons 6 garlic pods ¼ cup vinegar Chop onion and garlic . Combine all ingredients in a container and put on the stove to boil . Heat until the garlic and onion are translucent . Remove and blend the mixture until liquefied . Divide the mixture into 4 equal parts . Give 1 part of the mixture by mouth immediately . Give the remaining doses by mouth as follows : 12 hours , 24 hours , 48 hours after the first treatment . It is imperative that you give all 4 doses of the treatment even if you see improvement after the first treatment . You might experience difficulty in dissolving this amount of ammonium chloride per gal of water . This will depend on the salinity of water being used . Doses were selected assuming a 20 cc drench gun would be used to administer the ammonium chloride solution . These doses will need to continue for more than one week . This will help to break up any remaining calculi . Please be aware that Ammonia toxicity could occur with prolonged use of this treatment , especially at the higher doses . * * * It is imperative to NOT force your animal to drink large amounts of water during this time . If they are having problems urinating you are only making things worse and could cause a rupture . Conclusion Urinary Calculi are a very real problem whether you raise backyard pets or show animals . Prevention is paramount when considering the treatment options and their limited success . If any animal is completely blocked as veterinarian should be called immediately . Good Goating and Happy New Year ! Shannon Lawrence , President - Georgia Dairy Goat Breeders Association www . yellowrosefarm . com Yellow Rose Nigerian Dwarf Dairy Goats You can leave a response , or trackback from your own site . Our Client are Writing About Us From Doe and ammonium chloride ? - The Goat Spot - Goat Forum on January 9 2013 [ … ] My minerals have ammonium chloride in them , do you think that could cause problems ? The article : http : / / hoeggerfarmyard . com / urinary - calculi - in - goats / googletag . display ( ' div - gpt - ad - 1352415630660 - 5 ' ) ; __________________ [ … ] You must be logged in to post a comment . | [
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http://hoian.paris/ | Hoi An À propos Hội An cest dabord une famille aux métissages multiples désireuse de faire découvrir toute la richesse de la gastronomie vietnamienne et des influences qui lont façonnée Dans lambiance de lancienne cité portuaire vietnamienne avec ses murs jaune ocre ses claustras en bois massif ses lampions traditionnels et son mystérieux puits venez découvrir notre cuisine familiale Nhésitez pas à sortir des sentiers battus et goûtez des plats typiques pourtant encore méconnus comme les Banh Khot et les Banh Beo irrésistibles tapas du centre du vietnam la délicieuse soupe de tamarin aux gambas les étonnants liserons deau sautés à lail ou le poulet vapeur au gingembre servi tière comme au Vietnam Livraison Commandez et faites vous livrer Commander avec Deliveroo ou À emporter Commandez et venez chercher sur place Appeler le 33 1 44 24 81 03 Visite virtuelle Menu Menu Groupe Repas Vietnamien Informations Coordonnées Hoi An Avenue dIvry 109 75013 Paris France 33 1 44 24 81 03 Nous contacter Itinéraire Heures douvertures Lundi Fermé Mardi 1200 1500 1900 2230 Mercredi 1200 1500 1900 2230 Jeudi 1200 1500 1900 2230 Vendredi 1200 1500 1900 2230 Samedi 1200 1500 1900 2230 Dimanche 1200 1500 1900 2230 Réservations Vous pouvez réserver par téléphone Appeler le 33 1 44 24 81 03 Réserver en ligne ou Groupes et événements De 10 à 30 personnes organisez un événement et privatisez notre établissement Plus dinfos et réservations News Nous contacter | [
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http://holidaysfiji.com/weather-in-fiji.php | Weather In Fiji Weather and Climate in Fiji With a warm tropical climate , Fiji is an ideal destination for a fun family beach holiday , idyllic couples getaway or surreal honeymoon retreat amongst some of the world ' s most beautiful beaches and coral reefs . On average , the weather in Fiji is 25 ° C . Yet throughout December to January , the weather in Fiji will often exceed 30 ° C and descend below 18 ° C during July and August . Variations in Weather for the Fiji Islands Fiji lies in the heart of the tropical South Pacific . In addition to the two main islands , Viti Levu and Vanua Levu , which are replete with breathtaking beaches , magnificent and affordable hotels , resorts and motels , the Fiji Islands comprise 330 additional islands which engulf the larger islands . Generally , the smaller islands in Fiji will experience a lower rainfall than the main islands , depending on their location and size , and this must be taken into account when assessing the weather in Fiji . Best Time To Visit Fiji Fiji Dry Season Ideally , the best time to visit Fiji is during the Fijian Dry season , which continues from May through October . Although this is also the Fijian Winter season , the weather in Fiji during the dry season may exceed 30 ° C , averaging an average temperature 28 ° C and generally ranging between 26 - 32 ° C with minimal rainfall . This weather is fantastic for fun resort and nature activities including swimming , kayaking and snorkeling in the tranquil beaches and coral reefs surrounding this island paradise . Fiji Wet Season Fiji ' s wet season continues from November through April , with the heaviest rainfalls occurring from December to mid April . The average temperature during the wet season , which is also the Fijian summer , is generally 2 - 3 of degrees hotter than the dry season . The wet season has a higher rainfall , averaging an average annual rainfall of 2000mm - 3000mm on the coast of the main islands . Although the wet season is slightly hotter , and more humid than the dry season with a greater rainfall , the wet season does also have distinct advantages . As the wet season is the low season , there are great opportunities , for excellent deals , rates , discounts and affordable accommodation in hotels , resorts and motels . Accordingly , the wet season is a great time of year for families , couples , and honey mooners to enjoy a fun and affordable beach holiday , on one of the world ' s most beautiful islands at the Cyclones and Hurricanes in Fiji It is also relevant to note that , Fiji does experience occasional hurricanes during the wet season . However , the hurricanes and cyclones are quite rare , averaging two to three severe cyclones every ten years . Weather Observations for Nadi , Fiji Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg Min / Max Temp ° C 23 - 32 23 - 32 23 - 31 22 - 31 20 - 30 19 - 29 18 - 29 18 - 29 19 - 29 20 - 30 22 - 31 Avg Rainfall in mm 299 302 324 163 78 62 46 58 77 103 138 159 Number of Rainy Days 18 18 19 12 7 6 5 5 6 9 11 13 Weather Observations for Suva , Fiji Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg Min / Max Temp ° C 24 - 31 24 - 31 23 - 30 22 - 28 21 - 28 20 - 27 21 - 27 21 - 27 22 - 28 23 - 29 23 - 30 Avg Rainfall in mm 315 288 371 390 267 164 142 159 184 234 264 263 Number of Rainy Days 23 22 23 22 20 17 27 19 21 | [
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http://holistichorse.com/equine-therapy/allergies-in-horses/ | Relieve Pain , Do n ' t Block It ! Head Shaking Allergies in Horses For horses with severe allergies , those who rub themselves raw for many months , Chinese herbs prescribed for their imbalance will be the most helpful . by DVM Joyce Harman Horses can and do develop allergies , just like humans . An allergy is an imbalance of the immune system , resulting from reactions to grass and tree pollens , food , and molds contained in damp hay or straw . Equine allergies manifest either through the skin or the respiratory system . Allergens can penetrate the body by direct contact , through breathing ( as in airborne pollens ) , or by ingestion of food . Allergic responses can severely impair a horse ’ s performance , cause discomfort and strange symptoms , and scare us as caretakers . A knee - jerk reaction may be to turn to steroids . The side effects of steroids ( both long - and short - term ) may encourage us to consider these alternatives instead . ACUPUNCTURE The Chinese approach to treating to allergies is much more complex than the simple “ give this drug to stop the reaction ” that is used in western medicine . Allergies are perhaps one of the deepest imbalances of the immune system ; consequently , they are quite difficult to treat . Patience is required and for many horses a complete cure is difficult , but long term maintenance and help is very possible . Other horses can be truly cured . Chinese medicine looks at the individual animal ’ s pattern . Some animals are too warm internally and need to be balanced by using acupuncture or herbal medicine to cool them . Many allergic horses have some inflammation with heat . However , others , especially older horses , may be too cool inside and need to be warmed . Horses with skin allergies are the most difficult to treat and the least responsive to acupuncture alone . In mild cases with itchy skin for part of the warm season , regular acupuncture For horses with severe allergies , those who rub themselves raw for many months , Chinese herbs prescribed for their imbalance will be the most helpful . Acupuncture can be supportive . For some of the difficult cases , constitutionally prescribed homeopathic medicines work better than Chinese medicine . Respiratory allergies usually respond very well to acupuncture or Chinese herbal medicine or both . The Chinese approach to coughing and difficult breathing makes much more sense than any other . Some coughs are wet , some are dry , some deep , some shallow . Ask what makes the cough better or worse . Then the acupuncturist or herbalist can select points or herbs that dry up the wet cough or moisten and soothe the dry cough . A weak cough indicates the Qi is deficient , so one would strengthen the Qi . So , get with your Chinese medicine practitioner and begin the process . - - Joyce Harman DVM , MRCVS , Harmany Equine Clinic , Ltd . , www . harmanyequine . com AROMATHERAPY Clinical studies support the use of : Myrtle Eucalyptus Spearmint Lemon Rosemary Sprays can be used around the neck , shoulder and flank area . Shake well before spraying . These oil - base recipes can be rubbed into the atlas / axis / poll area , on the front ankles to coronary band , along the withers , on the hind end hamstrings , and on the hind ankles to coronary bands : Recipe # 1 : 8 oz . distilled water + 3 drops Myrtle + 2 drops Rosemary Recipe # 2 : 16 oz distilled water + 2 drops Myrtle + 2 drops Eucalyptus + 3 drops lemon + 2 drops spearmint Recipe # 3 : 4 oz . grapeseed oil + 5 drops Myrtle + 2 drops Eucalyptus + 2 drops lemon - - Susan Holowchak , Chinese Medical Qigong , www . jewelsoflife . com BODY WORK through GROOMING Chinese medicine teaches a simplistic approach : clear the meridian AND physical pathways relating to the lungs and adjust the digestion to regulate and balance assimilation and elimination . Body grooming : move in slow , large counterclockwise circles right side , clockwise left side , breathing deeply in and out . Start at the base of the poll working down the length of the neck , through the shoulders , across the barrel , and slowly around the diaphragm and hip area . Spend extra time from the knees and hocks down . There are many powerful acupuncture and Meridians you will help : • Front legs - large and small intestine , lung , pericardium , heart and triple heater ( helps regulate the immune system ) • Hind legs - liver , kidney , spleen , and gall bladder Rub specific areas : • cheeks • eye orbits • jaw line • entire length of neck • front of shoulders • below the knees and around the ankles / feet Release with the intention of opening and balancing with the rest of the body . Many points in the lower leg promote circulation into the hind end and lymphatic drainage . - - Susan Holowchak CHIROPRACTIC Vertebral subluxations are common , often painless occurrences that stress your horse ’ s spine and nervous system and interfere with the proper flow of information through its body , causing a state of disease . Part of your horse ’ s body is especially intimate with his inner wisdom : his brain and spinal cord , and the millions of nerves that emerge from them . The nervous system touches every nook and cranny of the body and your horse ’ s innate wisdom uses this vast communication system to organize its billions of parts into a healthy , True health or adaptation can exist only when the innate intelligence can communicate without interference . A complete break in that communication results in death ; a partial break results in a general deterioration of health – “ dis - ease ” . Eventually a “ dis - eased ” ( asymptomatic ) state turns into a “ diseased ” ( symptomatic ) condition . Regular chiropractic adjustments ward off dis - ease , and contribute to the maintenance of the crucial communication system . - - Bill “ Dr . O ” Ormston , DVM , www . jubileeac . com HERBS Spirulina is a variety of blue - green algae grown in fresh water . Spirulina is high in vitamins , minerals , protein , amino acids and omega 3 and 6 oils . Nutrient rich Spirulina was utilized as a food by the Aztecs in pre - colonial Mexico . Considered by many as a “ whole food , ” Spirulina is a powerful immuno - stimulant and anti - inflammatory with strong anti - allergy effects . It is ideal nutritional support for horses prone to allergic skin reactions . It enables the body to be less reactive to One - half to one tablespoon daily is the recommended amount . Huo ma ren ( Fructus cannabis ) is Chinese hemp seed . Chinese hemp seed is rich in oil , promoting hair growth while nourishing the skin . Huo ma ren is high in omega 3 and 6 oils , is anti - inflammatory and helps reduce itching . I recommend using a mix of fresh ground flax seed and / or wheat germ in addition to Huo ma ren . One - fourth to one - half cup of this mixture per day is ideal for supporting Over the centuries , indigo was highly prized a dye in Asia and Europe . From the TCM perspective , Da qing ye is a bitter and cold herb . As such , it clears heat ( inflammation ) and eliminates toxins ( allergens ) . It is antimicrobial and anti - inflammatory . Da qing ye , like the supplement MSM , contains natural sulfur . Sulfur has a long history of use in skin remedies dating back to biblical times . Sulfur is often prescribed homeopathically for skin conditions as well . Note of caution : Da qing ye should be used internally with caution . Horses with sulfur allergies or sulfonamide antibiotic sensitivities or deficient individuals prone to diarrhea or with weak digestive systems should avoid internal use completely . I also recommend eliminating sweet and heat producing foods from the buckets of horses suffering from skin allergies . From the traditional Chinese medicine perspective , feeds containing molasses , sugar or corn create a condition of internal dampness and heat which aggravate itchy , inflamed skin . - - Gloria Garland , L . Ac . , Dipl . Ac . & Ch , www . wholehorse . com Common holistic cures for allergies include the feeding of burdock ( yes those pesky burs that rat manes and tails ) and red clover . For allergies that cause eczema , common herbs like comfrey , calendula and witch hazel may be used . Chamomile can also be used in a compress for skin that is itchy , red or raw . Horses with allergies often suffer gastrointestinal upset as a result , so diet should be closely monitored . Some recommend cleansing the horse ’ s system of toxins using herbs such as clivers , calendula , garlic or But be sure your horse is not allergic to any of these treatments prior to implementing them . - - Karina Lewis , www . themirroreffect . com Many horses have weak or over - reactive ( allergic ) immune systems . Flax seed or Hemp oil are excellent for improving the immune system , especially for the skin . Do not use ground flax unless it has been stabilized , but you can feed whole flax to horses . Feed 4 - 6 twice per day if your horse has skin problems . - - Joyce Harman Additional Resources : A Modern Horse Herbal by Hilary Page Self Complete Holistic Care and Healing for Horses by Mary L . Brennan , DVM HOMEOPATHY Simple bug bites , tick bites and stings respond well to homeopathic remedies . Bites and stings that feel better with a cold compress respond well to Ledum 30 . Give 6 - 8 tabs once or twice a day for a few days . Itchy bites that feel better with warm water respond well to Rhus Tox 30 , given on the same protocol . Bee stings that like cold compresses do well with Apis 30 , and this also works well for hives . Tick bites often do well with Ledum . - - Joyce Harman TOPICALS Applied topically , a solution of strong Da qing ye tea mixed with a few drops of tea tree oil is very effective in the treatment of fungal skin infections , fly bite allergies , weepy hives and scratches . - - Gloria Garland Horses with mid - line dermatitis benefit from the flax and hemp , and also topically you can put salves such as Calendula or Open Wound salve which is made with the herb Chapparel . - - Joyce Harman You can soothe irritated skin conditions by washing the area with an oatmeal - based soap or a soap that is free of any harsh chemicals like Sodium Laurel Sulfate or its cousins . Astringing products that contain witch hazel can be soothing and help to dry out bumps and weeping , oozing spots . If the skin is very raw , stay away from the astringents until the sores heal a bit . NEED HELP WITH DIAGNOSIS ? While skin testing has not been particularly effective in diagnosing equine allergies , serological tests give superior levels of detection using whole blood samples without the trauma of intradermal testing . Your attending practitioner can help you determine the best approach in determining and treating your horse ’ s allergies . A few helpful websites : www . petallergylab . com www . bmslab . com www . animal - allergy . com Prev 1 2 3 Next Tags horses equine allergies acupuncture aromatherpay bodywork grroming chinese medicine chiropractic herbs homeopathy topicals skin testing by DVM Joyce Harman Comments | [
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http://hollowknight.wikia.com/wiki/Resting_Grounds | in Areas Resting Grounds English Comments 6 Areas The Abyss Ancient Basin City of Tears Crystal Peak Deepnest Dirtmouth Fog Canyon Forgotten Crossroads Fungal Wastes Godhome Greenpath The Hive Howling Cliffs Kingdoms Edge Queens Gardens Resting Grounds Royal Waterways White Palace Connection City of Tears Crystal Peak Forgotten Crossroads Music Main Resting Grounds Action None A large cemetery at the east end of Hallownest filled with graves and ornate tombstones The Knight can first enter this area from Crystal Peak the Forgotten Crossroads or the City of Tears Here they find the monument to and are given the locations of the Dreamers They will also receive the Dream Nail After this The Knight wakes up in the house of the Seer the last of the Moth tribe who gives lore to the area and prompts The Knight to begin collecting Essence Before The Knight receives the dream nail the Resting Grounds is grey empty and relatively colourless However after obtaining the Dream Nail the Resting Grounds transforms into an area with a lively blue colourtone with ghostly spirits floating throughout the foreground and backdrop Points of Interest Ability Dream Nail Charm Soul Eater Charm Dreamshield 2 Mask Shards given by Seer and another by Grey Mourner for completing her quest 1 Vessel Fragment given by Seer 1 Grub Whispering Root 20 Essence 1 Wanderers Journal 2 Hallownest Seal one given by Seer 3 Geo deposits 1 Chest 150 Inhabitants NPC Enemies Boss Grey Mourner Seer Dreamers Belfly Entombed Husk Great Husk Sentry Winged Sentry Grimmkin Master Xero Subarea Spirits Glade A glade where the souls of dead bugs came to rest Most of the Kickstarter backer spirits can be found in this area Upon entering the Glade Revek warns the Knight that they will face consequences if they harm any of the Glades inhabitants Once Dream Nailing at least one ghost Revek spawns and charges at the player dealing 2 masks of damage He can not be damaged or defeated but can be repelled by parrying Dream Nailing or hitting him with the trail of the Crystal Heart s Super Dash Doing so will despawn him only temporarily he will keep appearing and attacking as long as there are ghosts in the Glade Once all ghosts have been consumed he himself can be Dream Nailed Points of Interest Whispering Root 34 Essence 1 Kings Idol in a secret room behind the waterfall Inhabitants NPC Atra Boss Caspian Dr Chagax Garro Ghorac Hex Hundred Nail Warrior Karina Kcin Magnus Strong Millybug Molten Perpetos Noo Revek Thistlewind Waldie Wayner Wyatt Subarea Shrine of Believers A hidden area found by travelling behind the waterfall and into the room with the moth statues Once here jump to the top left of the room where there is a small hidden ledge to dream nail the largest moths head to access the shrine Contains a building full of breakable tablets displaying backer messages guarded outside by the Unnamed Moth Inhabitants NPC Unnamed Moth Subarea Blue Lake A large lake of incandescent blue colour Its water seeps through the ground to create the rain in the City of Tears Quirrel will be found in this area after Monomon has been killed and Tiso can be encountered here after meeting him in the Forgotten Crossroads This is also the last time the Knight will encounter Quirrel who will disappear after a final moment is spent with him granting the achievement Witness Points of Interest 1 Rancid Egg 1 from Bluggsac Inhabitants NPC Enemies Quirrel Tiso Crawlid Tiktik Vengefly Areas The Abyss Ancient Basin City of Tears Crystal Peak Deepnest Dirtmouth Fog Canyon Forgotten Crossroads Fungal Wastes Godhome Greenpath The Hive Howling Cliffs Kingdoms Edge Queens Gardens Resting Grounds Royal Waterways White Palace Categories Areas Languages Русский | [
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http://hollowverse.com/doris-day/ | The Hollowverse Religion Despite growing up in a Catholic family , Doris Day has been a devout Christian Scientist for most of her life . Political Views She is a Republican , and a passionate advocate for animal rights . Doris Day , born Doris Kappelhoff , was born and raised in Cincinnati , Ohio . Day was born into a Catholic family , 1 but never felt a deep connection with religion until she was introduced to Christian Science by her second husband . She said her new faith “ brought spirituality into my life , spirituality that would sustain me through some very dark times . ” 2 She said about her conversion to Christian Science , whose adherents do not seek medical treatment for the most part because of a belief that disease can be healed with prayer , I ’ d been thinking that I should be happier than I am . . . . One ought to be able to control one ’ s thinking instead of having depressions . . . . I did n ’ t want that kind of life , but I did n ’ t know how to change it . 3 Day did periodically seek medical treatment , including occasional treatment for depression and a hysterectomy due to a large intestinal tumor , 4 and she moved away from the more fundamental Christian Science beliefs later in her life . But her relationship with her religion and God has always remained an important part of her life . She said , I do n ’ t have to seek God . I do n ’ t pray . I just realize God . 5 Pulling for the GOP Doris Day is a supporter of the Republican party , and has had a chummy relationship with at least two former Republican presidents . She acted in two movies with Ronald Reagan , and was so taken by the man that she wished they had worked together more . She said in an interview on Fox News following Reagan ’ s death in 2004 , I can only tell you that he was wonderful . He was a marvelous actor . He was a gentleman . We had laughs because he ’ s terribly funny . And we just got along great . 6 And in that same year she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by president George W . Bush . Even though Day suggested the president would receive more votes if he stopped hunting , she still said he would get her vote , I ’ m pulling for him every step of the way . 7 But despite her support of the GOP , her most passionate political cause is one often associated with the liberal crowd : animal rights . She founded the Doris Day Pet Foundation ( now the Doris Day Animal Foundation ) in 1978 to help stray pets find homes . She also founded World Spay Day , and works with the Humane Society to help spay and neuter pets . 8 And she is directly involved in the political process with the Doris Day Animal League , a lobbying organization on behalf of animal rights . 9 Tweet | [
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http://hollowverse.com/drake/ | The Hollowverse Religion Drake is Jewish and proud . Political Views Drake is a Democrat and has talked about being a big fan of America ' s last two Democratic presidents . Drake grew up between Vancouver , Canada and Memphis , Tennessee . His mother is Jewish and his father a southern black American , putting him squarely in Baptist country . In Judaism , religious heritage is passed down through the mother and Drake has claimed being Jewish , making him the most famous black Jew since Lenny Kravitz . Drake even had a Bar Mitzvah and celebrates most major Jewish holidays with his mother . 1 He acknowledges that God and faith are important to him as well , saying : One thing I make sure I do is I always talk to the big guy upstairs . I always let him know what my purpose is on that stage . It ’ s not to further my reputation … .I want to make these people happy . 2 But wait , the list of successful Jewish rappers is only four people long : the three Beastie Boys and Matisyahu . Plus Drake is half - black , so what do you do when you are Jewish and you want to be a famous rapper ? You say this : At the end of the day , I consider myself a black man because I ’ m more immersed in black culture than any other . 3 A president ’ s man Drake has n ’ t said much about politics except to profess his admiration for America ’ s last two Democratic presidents . He has said : One of my favorite pictures I have in my house is of me and Bill [ Clinton ] and I ’ m wearing a zebra Supreme jacket and he ’ s wearing a suit . It ’ s wild ! 4 Of Obama , he said : I hope somebody makes a movie about Obama ’ s life soon because I could play him . That ’ s the goal . I watch all the addresses . Any time I see him on TV , I do n ’ t change the channel . 5 Tweet | [
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http://hollowverse.com/jack-johnson/ | Jack Johnson Religion Johnson is a pantheist and seems to have a healthy respect for all religions . Political Views Johnson is a self - proclaimed hippie whose environmental crusades are many . Jack Johnson was born and raised in Oahu , Hawaii . Johnson is not religious – or he ’ s meta - religious , but either way , he and his music seem to exude some sort of natural , hippie - spirituality . It is as if his simple music is inspired by the waves and sand on which Johnsongrew up . Johnson , though reluctant to discuss his own personal views , does make allusions to a theistic viewpoint . Speaking about a line in his song , “ Sleep Through the Static , ” he said : The line about God wearing camouflage you can read as God is in everything . The idea of camouflage , he ’ s blending in , he ’ s always all around … None of it is untrue if you believe in any form of God , whether you want to call it nature or the guy with the grey beard . 1 We ’ re treading in pantheistic territory here , which would make total sense given that Johnson covered the Mason Jennings song , “ I Love You and Buddha Too , ” the lyrics of which include : Jesus , I love you / and I love Buddha , too / Ramakrshna , Guru Dev / Daodejing and Mohammed / Why do some people say / that there is just one way / to love you God and come to you ? / We are all a part of you . 2 Pantheistic politics Johnson has called himself a hippie , 3 so what else needs to be said ? And truly , everything else falls into line . Johnson is a giant environmentalist , from touring in a bio - deisel bus to playing concerts with low - energy lighting 4 to giving 1 % of all of his considerable earnings to environmental causes . 5 In fact , it ’ s gotten to the point that Johnson ’ s green scene has become his calling card , and he ’ s nearly as famous for it as he is for his music . But it ’ s just a matter close to his heart and he does n ’ t want to take it any further than that . He said : I ’ m not trying to act like I ’ ve got all the answers and that I ’ m greener than everyone else . I want to do what I can to help , but sometimes it starts to overwhelm me … I accept the fact that I ’ m a somewhat known personality now and I like that I can use it for good things , but I ultimately do n ’ t want to run for president . 6 Speaking of presidents , you guessed it , he ’ s an Obama supporter . 7 Has n ’ t he ever heard of the Green Party ? Tweet | [
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http://hollowverse.com/jason-aldean/ | Jason Aldean Religion Aldean is non - religious . Political Views Aldean is not explicitly political . Jason Aldean was born and raised in Macon , Georgia but spent his summers mostly in Homestead , Florida . There is almost nothing to go on regarding Aldean ’ s religious views . His childhood seems to have been mostly devoid of faith ( though I ’ m sure some Christianity found its way in ) and he ’ s managed to keep religion out of his many interviews . But there is some indication of at least thoughts about religion in Aldean ’ s song lyrics . For example , in the song , “ Church Pew or Bar Stool , ” Aldean sings about wanting to leave a town where the “ only two means of salvation ” can either be found in alcohol or church 1 and asking : Why do I hang around … In this church pew or bar stool kinda town ? 2 Another of his songs , “ Amarillo Sky , ” seems to tell the sad tale of a farmer who ’ s fervent prayers go consistently unanswered . 3 It all amounts to what appears to be a rather cynical view of religion – either it ’ s a bore and burden or it does n ’ t make good on its promises to faithful people . Furthermore , Aldean – who admitted to getting too drunk at a hip Los Angeles club and fooling around on his wife 4 – does n ’ t seem to uphold the Christian ethic . My guess is that he ’ s pretty far from religious . Much ado about nothing Aldean does n ’ t seem too political either . It would likely be easy for someone to assume he ’ s a conservative Republican – and many do , 5 but he has n ’ t come out and said it – yet . Many of his songs such as “ Fly - Over States ” and “ Dirt Road Anthem ” glorify that redneck , rural , middle - America , good - ‘ ol - boy image – which might be why some are quick to pigeonhole the country singer . Interestingly , social scientists did a study on the correlation of political views and musical taste and found that Jason Aldean fans are highly likely to be Republicans . 6 Not surprising , but now confirmed . If you ’ ve got any evidence , feel free to let us know in the comments . Tweet | [
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http://hollowverse.com/muammar-gaddafi/ | Muammar Gaddafi Religion Gaddafi was a devout Muslim with his own take on Islam . Political Views Gaddafi was essentially a social democrat at heart and a dictator in reality . Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent in the desert outside of Sirte in what was then Italian Libya . He grew up in a nomadic Bedouin in the Libyan desert . He died brutally at the hands of Libyan revolutionaries in 2011 . Gaddafi was a Muslim , and extremely devout . Much of his public policy – which we will cover later – was inspired by his own spin on Sharia , the Qur ’ an and Islamic teachings and values . Gaddafi viewed Islam in a slightly different way than most of the Muslim world – proclaiming that Shia and Sunni sects were both unjustified because Islam , as a universal truth and faith , should be above sectarianism . 1 Gaddafi , always a controversial , eccentric figure on the world stage , would stir anger with his pro - Islam comments , often perceived as ethnocentric and anti - Christian . Particularly in his later years , Gaddafi would stir anger for what many perceived as ethnocentric comments in favor of Islam and opposed to just about everything else , particularly Christianity and Judaism . In Niger during a televised mass prayer , Gaddafi said : It is a mistake that another religion exists alongside Islam . There is only one religion which is Islam after Mohammed . All those believers who do not follow Islam are losers . 2 In possession of vast wealth gleaned mostly from Libya ’ s oil industry , Gaddafi would help finance Muslim projects around the world , building mosques and Muslim schools in nearly every corner of the globe . 3 In the U.S. , Gaddafi was a friend to the Nation of Islam and their controversial leader , Louis Farrakhan , to whom he gave millions of dollars to pay off debt and purchase administrative buildings and worship centers . 4 For some , Gaddafi was the perfect Muslim – generous , devout , evangelical and an ideologue . 5 For others , he was a dangerous , unstable loon . 6 Amazing and controversial politics Gaddafi ’ s political career spanned nearly five decades , countless international scandals , a self - contained social and political ideology , myth , legend , and hero - worship . Volumes could be written on the politics of Gaddafi . For a more comprehensive start in understanding , I suggest visiting the Wikipedia page on him . Gaddafi ’ s political philosophy was called the “ Third Universal Theory ” and was outlined in detail in his Green Book , where everything from music to breastfeeding to education , religion , gender roles , and socio - economic theory were spelled out in detail . As the book itself states : The Green Book presents the ultimate solution to the problem of the instrument of government , and indicates for the masses the path upon which they can advance from the age of dictatorship to that of genuine democracy . 7 Gaddafi was quite taken with the principle of democracy . To him , multi - party , representational democracy was not truly democratic – nor was a dictatorship , though he was widely considered a dictator . And perhaps he was , but regardless , only three years after Gaddafi orchestrated a bloodless coup in Libya , he stepped down as Premier of the Libyan government , re - titling himself “ Brotherly Leader and Guide of the First of September Great Revolution of the Socialist People ’ s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , ” 8 and instituting a complex series of self - governing citizen bodies with titles like “ The People ’ s Committees ” and the “ General People ’ s Congress . ” 9 However , it did n ’ t work as well as Gaddafi envisioned , and near the end of his life , Gaddafi was , at times shockingly insane and at others , lucid and self - aware . He once said : It was our hope that Libya with its revolution would become a model of freedom , popular democracy and a state free from oppression and injustice . However Libya became another conventional state , even a dictatorial or police state . This is deeply regrettable . We are not like that , nor do we want to be like that . 10 In essence , Gaddafi was a socialist , and his Green Book expounded on the virtues of a society of and for the people . It was an Islamic reaction to the excesses and inequalities of capitalism and the atheism Gaddafi saw as inherent in Communism . 11 Accounts differ , with western sources saying that quality of life for Libyans has been in the decline for some 15 - 20 years . 12 Still , some statistics are difficult to ignore . For example , Libya under Gaddafi became the most literate , longest living , most educated , highest median income country in Africa 13 with social welfare benefits that would make the most liberal of Europeans green with envy . ( ( A Great Nationalist Hero Muammar Gaddafi . Weekly Blitz . ) ) Still , Gaddafi was intolerant , often antagonistic [ do you think antagonistic is harsh enough considering he jailed gay people ? ] toward the West , Arabs , Christian , Jews , homosexuals and white people . 14 And as ruler of a nation for 42 years , there is no way an article like this can properly do his socio - political views any justice . I highly recommend delving deeper if you ’ re interested . He remains one of the most fascinating characters of the 20th and 21st Centuries . Tweet | [
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http://hollytucker.com/bio/ | Holly Tucker often called the Angel of Texas Country Music is tenaciously proving that great things are worth the wait Five years after winning the hearts of millions of television viewers on Season 4 of NBC TVs hit music reality show The Voice the 25yearold is leaving her boot print all over Texas Country Music and with fans worldwide In 2013 she rose to the Top 6 out of 40000 people who auditioned Holly on Team Blake Shelton was one of only 7 contestants to receive an impressive 4chairturn Her voice has been described by Coach Blake as the most effortless accurate and powerful voice hes ever heard and is currently Texas Country Music Associations reigning Female Vocalist of the Year two years running In 2017 she also earned awards from the ETX Music Office for Female Vocalist of the Year Song of the Year Video of the Year for her hit song Youre In Texas In 2018 Holly continued her reign as TCMAs Female Vocalist of the Year and was also awarded ETX Music Offices 2018 Album of the Year for Steel CMA of Texas 2018 Rising Star I am so incredibly proud of the music my team and I created for Steel the Waco Texas native says This album Steel is the product of three years of blood sweat and tears I am humbled by the recognition and inspired by those who have supported me and this fantastic project Steel full of its award winning singles was Hollys first full length album release since The Voice In late 2016 Holly launched the Steel Tour From her time on The Voice through early 2018 Holly has played over 600 venues throughout Texas Oklahoma New Mexico California and Louisiana With her focus on the Texas country music scene Holly released three singles from Steel to Texas Regional Radio All charted in the TRRR Top 100 chart including Wax Paper Cups a duet with Ray Johnston of the Ray Johnston Band Youre in Texas which rose to 44 Dallas On Your Boots climbed to 30 Additionally Holly released the official DOYB music video in mid2017 and it was featured on the Country Rebel Facebook page and Great American Country GAC Throughout her Steel Tour in 2018 Holly both headlined and shared the stage with many wellloved and respected artists such as Shenandoah Terri Clark Tracy Byrd Willie Nelson Restless Heart Linda Davis Clint Black Curtis Grimes Sundance Head Deryl Dodd Sam Riggs Deana Carter Parker McCollum Koe Wetzel Hudson Moore and others 2018 presented us with a lot of blessings but also a lot of challenges A few seemingly great opportunities fell through doors closed and the new music I was creating was delayed in its release for various reasons However in the coming year I can see the light at the end of the tunnel and I very much look forward to revealing to my fans the next step in my musical journey Holly plans to release a brand new EP in the spring of 2019 and this time is a part of writing every song Hollys musical roots run deep and wide her musical story beginning even before she was born Holly is the youngest of three children born to Johnny and Cheryl Tucker founders of the 80s Christian band Revised Edition Holly grew up singing in the church and performing on various stages and at fairs and festivals around Texas From the ages of 1418 Holly began her career as a recording artist Her discography includes Her first fulllength CD entitled Its About Time 2007 4song EP entitled For You 2008 A second fulllength CD Love is What She Likes 2010 A 3song EP entitled Something to Be Said 2011 Her breakout fulllength independent album Steel 2016 Offstage and outside of the studio Holly has a huge heart for helping others and giving back The country recording artist is engaged with several nonprofit campaigns including The American Heart Association Meals on Wheels and the Waco Community Cancer Association In 2017 after Hurricane Harvey swept through Texas leaving Houston and nearby coastal cities and towns in ruins Holly launched the Martin Goes To Harvey Campaign collecting fellow artists signatures on a Martin guitar which she auctioned raising thousands of dollars for hurricane relief efforts Holly also makes regular visits to area hospitals and and speaking engagements and schools inspiring children with her music strong values genuine conversation and musical journey | [
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http://hollywooddancesport.com/registration/ | Registration Entry Forms and Packages RESULTS httpwwwcompmngrcomhollywood2018Hollywood2018_ScoresheetsByPersonhtm HEAT LISTS ARE POSTED httpwwwcompmngrcomhollywood2018Hollywood2018_HeatListshtm ONLINE REGISTRATION IS NOW CLOSED Deadline for Early Bird registration is September 26 2018 All entries received after September 26 will be charged a 100 late fee per person and will not be elgibile for the early bird packages For prices please contact us Enter as many events as youd like Remember the more events you enter the more chances for you to receive top teacher top studio andor scholarship prize money For early arrival or late departures just add additional hotel nights to your package PLEASE BE SURE TO REVIEW OUR RULES POLICIES FOR COMPLETE INFORMATION | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2013/10/16/duck-dynasty-willie-robertson-wife-korie-adopting-again/ | News Celebrity Babies 9 Comments October 16 , 2013 2 : 43PM EDT ‘ Duck Dynasty ’ Stars Willie & Korie Robertson Say They ‘ Will Adopt Again ’ Getty Images View Gallery 6 Photos . Kristine Kowalski Editor , HollyBaby The ‘ Duck Dynasty ’ couple have had so much joy come out of the adoption of their son that they are completely open to adopting another child . Willie explained that he and Korie would love to expand their family to include another little ‘ duckling ! ’ Korie and Willie Robertson were forever changed when they adopted their son Will when he was a baby . In addition to becoming advocates for adoption , the couple revealed that they would love to open their home to another child . ‘ Duck Dynasty ’ s Willie Robertson & Wife Korie Want To Adopt Again When asked if he would consider adopting again , Willie said “ sure . ” He has become passionate about adoption since learning how wonderful it is to be able to grow a family . “ There are plenty of kids who need homes , ” Willie told In Touch Weekly . That ’ s why we ’ re all here . We have adopted children and we have natural children … and there ’ s no difference between them . ” Yes No Vote View Results The Robertsons currently have 5 kids : Will , Rebecca Bella John Luke , and Sadie Willie & Korie Robertson Forever Changed By Adoption Willie and Korie adopted their son Will — now 11 years old — when he was just 5 weeks old . From the moment we found out about him , he was ours , ” Korie told the audience at the Oct . 9 Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute Angels in Adoption Gala in Washington D.C. “ I swear , I had labor pains the night before I went and picked him up at the foster home he was living at . He ’ s our child , just like our biological children . ” What do YOU think , HollyMoms ? Are you glad that the Robertsons are open to another adoption ? WATCH : Willie Robertson On ‘ Jimmy Kimmel ’ Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . — Kristine Hope Kowalski More ‘ Duck Dynasty ’ News : ‘ Duck Dynasty ’ Stars Willie & Korie Robertson Open Up About Adoption ‘ Duck Dynasty ’ : Family Drama Could Cause Cast Members To Leave Show ‘ Duck Dynasty ’ : Phil Robertson Says Network Censored His Christianity Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Duck Dynasty Korie Robertson Willie Robertson | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2013/10/17/kendra-wilkinson-pregnant-second-baby-hank-baskett/ | News Celebrity Babies 4 Comments October 17 , 2013 6 : 18PM EDT Kendra Wilkinson & Hank Baskett Expecting Second Baby — Report Hank , Hank Jr . & Kendra Wilkinson ( Getty ) Fameflynet Kristine Kowalski Editor , HollyBaby Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk The ‘ Kendra On Top ’ star and her hunky ex - football player husband are expecting baby number two ! Congrats to the happy couple ! Kendra Wilkinson and her husband Hank Baskett are expecting their second child together , Us Weekly reports . Their adorable 3 - year - old son , Hank Jr . is going to be such an awesome big brother ! Kendra Wilkinson Pregnant — Reality Star & Hank Baskett Expecting Baby Number 2 Kendra , 28 , is around eight weeks pregnant with her second child , a source close to the couple told Us Weekly Boy ! Girl ! Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com HollywoodLife . com reached out to Kendra ’ s reps for comment and confirmation . Hank , 30 , and Kendra welcomed their precious son Hank Jr . in 2009 . On their show , Kendra On Top , the pair weighed the options of having another baby , and the only thing that were unsure about the timing because of all the projects that they have been taking on . Kendra Wilkinson ’ s Growing Family Kendra told HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY in June 2013 that she was already thinking about expanding her family : I ’ m filming the next season of my show ‘ Kendra On Top ’ for WeTV . It is honestly going to be the best season yet . Working on ideas for my next book and might be working on expanding my family . Kendra was already gushing about the possibility of having another baby . “ YES ! I want baby number 2 , ” she told us excitedly about her wishes . Her excitement is absolutely contagious , and we wish the couple all the best ! What do YOU think , HollyMoms ? Are you so excited that Hank and Kendra are expecting their second child ? Do you hope it ’ s a boy or a girl ? WATCH : Kendra Wilkinson Twerks Like Miley Cyrus Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . — Kristine Hope Kowalski More Kendra Wilkinson News : Kendra Wilkinson Gives Kim Kardashian Motherly Advice Kendra Wilkinson Says She ’ s Not A Bad Mom After ‘ Wife Swap ’ ‘ Kendra On Top ’ Preview : Kendra ’ s Keeping A Big Secret From Hank Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Hank Baskett Kendra Wilkinson | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2013/12/11/j-cole-engaged-melissa-heholt-report/ | Entertainment Sex & Relationships 8 Comments December 11 , 2013 12 : 30PM EDT J . Cole Engaged To Girlfriend Melissa Heholt — Report Courtesy Photo Emily Longeretta Senior Entertainment Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Rapper J . Cole reportedly purposed to his girlfriend Melissa Heholt on Dec . 10 ! The two have been together for more than nine years ! We ’ re so happy for them ! Rapper J . Cole , whose real name is Jermaine Cole , reportedly asked Melissa Heholt to marry him ! The couple met in 2003 at St . John University , while he was studying to get his Communications degree . J . Cole Engaged Aww ! We ’ re happy for the couple . The “ Power Trip ” singer popped the question on Dec . 10 , an insider told MediaTakeOut . He is currently in the middle of his “ What Dreams May Come ” tour and is set to hit the stage on Dec . 11 in Dublin , Ireland ! The couple usually keep their relationship extremely private . The 28 - year - old Roc Nation rapper must really care about her and have a healthy relationship to keep it under wraps — and to be together for so long ! [ hl_youtube src = ” http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = fzzMOMkjm8A& # 8221 ; link = ” http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = fzzMOMkjm8A& # 8221 ; text = ” J . Cole – Crooked Smile ft . TLC ” ] No , they ' ve been together forever ! Yes , I did n ' t even know they were dating ! Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com J . Cole : ‘ Marriage Is Just A Realtionship ’ In a rare interview , he actually did talk a little about his feelings on relationships — and even on marriage . “ I feel like relationships are a beautiful thing , period . Relationships can be really beautiful , they can be really hard , they can be really rewarding , or they can be bad relationships where it ’ s really detrimental and hurtful , but that ’ s life , period , ” the singer told HipHopCanada . com in October 2013 . However , while he admitted his friend just recently got married , he said that it basically is the same thing as a relationship to him . “ But then marriage , marriage is just a relationship to me , ” he said . “ In my experience , when you ’ ve been in a relationship for as long as I ’ ve been in one , there ’ s no real difference . It ’ s just a piece of paper that validates what was already real . In marriage you got to go through the same struggles as a relationship , that ’ s if the relationship is real , because there ’ s a lot of non - real relationships going on in the world right now . And I think that ’ s just because of the day and age we ’ re in , a lot of these relationships are taking place over text messages , it ’ s not real substance . But when you got a real one , it ’ s already like a marriage . ” HollywoodLifers — are you excited for J . Cole and Melissa to get married ? ! — Emily Longeretta More Engagement News : Alex Morgan Engaged To Boyfriend Servando Carrasco — Congrats Mary - Kate Olsen May Get Engaged Soon — Shopping for Rings The Wanted ’ s Siva Kaneswaran Engaged To Nareesha McCaffrey Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . J . Cole | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2014/05/02/gwen-stacy-dies-amazing-spiderman-2-fans-upset-react-twitter/ | News World News 85 Comments May 2 , 2014 9 : 56AM EDT ‘ The Amazing Spider - Man 2 ’ : Shocking Death Of [ SPOILER ] — Fans React Courtesy of Marvel Enterprises , Twitter View Gallery 28 Photos . Amanda Michelle Steiner Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Spider - Man fans were totally shocked when [ SPOILER ] was killed off during ‘ The Amazing Spider - Man 2 ’ . Even if their death was written in the comic books , who could have known that they would leave us so soon into the reboot of the ‘ Spider - Man ’ franchise ? The Amazing Spider - Man 2 was released on May 2 and already fans are taking to Twitter to mourn the death of one of the reboot ’ s most beloved characters . While their eventual death was basically a sure thing if director Marc Webb chose to follow the comic books faithfully , it was still a shock to see it play out so soon ! And , to be honest , it ’ s fair to say that many fans were in denial that it would ever actually happen in the film series reboot . Read on for some of the fan reaction and eulogize with us ! ‘ The Amazing Spider - Man 2 ’ : Gwen Stacy Dies — Fans React The death of Gwen Stacy Emma Stone ) was already written years ago , in June 1973 in issue # 121 of The Amazing Spider - Man , written by Gerry Conway . Just as in the film , the Green Goblin ( Dane DeHaan ) holds Gwen captive and then drops her from a great height — in the comics , from a tower on the George Washington Bridge , and in the film , from a clock tower . Spider - Man ( Andrew Garfield ) is able to catch her , but it ’ s too late — she has already died . We want to cry just thinking about it . Gwen , we hardly knew ye ! Here ’ s some of the fan reaction : after gwen stacy , wanna know who dies in spiderman 3 ? everybody who spoiled the spiderman 2 ending — Justine ( @ perksofjustine ) May 2 , 2014 ( Er , I ’ m kinda with you on that one , @ perksofjustine . I was spoiled , too . ) Just saw @ SpiderManMovie and I will forever be recovering from Gwen Stacy ’ s death . My life is ruined and I need space to breathe . — One Direction ( @ ONEDIRECTlONHQ ) May 2 , 2014 Good bye Gwen Stacy . I ’ ll miss you already : ’ / — Zyn ( @ Mhdzhnnnn_ ) just done watching The Amazing Spiderman 2 . if you are Spiderman fan you gonna love it but really ? about Gwen Stacy ’ s death ? why - _ - — jo+ ( @ yuliusguu ) ( spoiler ) I CANT F * CKING BELIEVE THAT GWEN STACY DIED AKIANSJSKAKQHAUWOQY I JUST CANT pic . twitter . com / ZfO9aHmXjr — i g g y ( @ wonderxxwall ) ‘ The Amazing Spider - Man 2 ’ : Gwen Stacy ’ s Death Was Written In The Comic Books And my personal favorite reaction … DOES SPIDEY EVEN NEED MORE MANPAIN . CANT YOU FIND ANOTHER PROMINENT MALE IN HIS LIFE TO KILL INSTEAD IF UR DESPERATE . STOP BUTCHERING LADIES — ♥ mimi kisaragi ♥ ( @ rapunzelles ) FOR THE SAKE OF DEVELOPING AND CHARACTERIZING MEN . FEMALE CHARACTERS DESERVE MORE ESPECIALLY GWEN STACY IN THIS DAY AND AGE — ♥ mimi kisaragi ♥ ( @ rapunzelles ) Yes ! They could have changed the movie ! No - - it was in the comic books ! Bound to happen . Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com OK , so like we said , Gwen Stacy ’ s death was an inevitability — it was written in the particular series of comic books on which the reboot is based . However , the reaction to Emma Stone ’ s performance as Gwen has been overwhelmingly positive and the chemistry between herself and real - life boyfriend Andrew Garfield is adorable and real , and it adds a lot to the films ! Who says Gwen needed to die just because it was written in the comic books ? We ’ re dealing with superheroes , here — a little artistic liberty would n ’ t go amiss ! Now that would have been a shocker — Gwen surviving the Green Goblin ’ s kidnapping . But hey , then we would have had a lot of fans on our hands upset about the movies being unfaithful to the comic books . Ah , nobody is ever happy . Have you seen The Amazing Spider - Man 2 yet , HollywoodLifers ? If yes , what did you think ? Are you upset about Gwen Stacy ’ s death ? Sound off below ! — Amanda Michelle Steiner Follow @ AmandaMichl More ‘ Spider - Man ’ News : ‘ Amazing Spider - Man 2 ′ : [ SPOILER ] Killed In Shocking Twist ‘ Amazing Spider - Man 2 ’ Premiere : Emma Stone & More Red Carpet Pics Emma Stone ’ s Pink Pout For ‘ Spider - Man 2 ′ Premiere — Her Exact Look Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Andrew Garfield Emma Stone The Amazing Spider - Man 2 | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2014/06/09/kris-jenner-kourtney-kardashian-getting-married-scott-disick-pressure/ | News Celebrity News 13 Comments June 9 , 2014 10 : 50PM EST Kris Jenner Pressuring Kourtney Kardashian To Marry Scott Disick FameFlyNet View Gallery 57 Photos . The world may not be ready for another Kardashian wedding , but momager extraordinaire Kris Jenner sure is ! Now that her daughter Kourtney Kardashian is expecting her third child with longtime love Scott Disick , Kris is more eager than ever for the two to tie the knot ! But is she putting too much pressure on Kourt ? HollywoodLife . com has all the EXCLUSIVE details ! Kris Jenner seemed thrilled when Kourtney Kardashian , 35 , revealed that she was pregnant during the final exciting moments of the Keeping Up with the Kardashians premiere on June 8 . The only thing that would make Kris happier than another grandbaby , is for Kourtney and her partner , Scott Disick , to make their love official by finally taking a trip down the aisle — and fast ! Kris Jenner On Kourtney Kardashian Getting Married : The Pressure Is On Kourtney and Scott , who are already parents to Mason , 4 , and Penelope , 23 months , have been together for eight years , and Kris thinks it ’ s high time they strengthen their family ties by getting hitched . Yes No They should wait until they ' re ready Vote View Results “ Committing to parent three kids , when you have n ’ t even committed to each other , does n ’ t cut it in Kris ’ s book , ” a family friend tells the UK ’ s Daily Mail . “ She comes from a time when , if a girl got pregnant and was still single , she got married as soon as possible . ” Kris may be a modern woman , but she ’ s still pretty traditional when it comes to love and marriage ! “ Although she understands times have changed , she still has religious values and feels it ’ s only right that Scott make an ‘ honest woman ’ out of her little girl , ” the source adds . So is Kourtney ready to become a married woman ? “ Up until now Kourtney has n ’ t been interested in getting married , but at 35 , she ’ s beginning to feel it ’ s time , ” the source reveals . “ She ’ s expecting the couple ’ s third child and if Scott would agree to a small , quiet ceremony – nothing like the one Kim just had – I think she ’ d be up for it . ” Kourtney Kardashian : Is She Ready To Marry Scott Disick ? Kourtney may be warming up to the idea of marriage , but she ’ s still not ready to tie the knot , a source tells HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY . We ’ ve also been told that it ’ s very important to Scott and that , “ It ’ s making him depressed that the love of his life , and mother of his almost three kids , does n ’ t want to get married . ” “ Scott literally brings it up to her almost every day and it ’ s the main thing they are talking about while in the [ Hamptons ] filming their show , ” our source explains . “ It sounds like they could be engaged before the end of the summer if she finally gives into the pressure . ” After Scott lost both of his parents this year , Kourtney wants to make him happy , so that ’ s another reason she ’ s considering taking the plunge with him , the insider adds . So HollywoodLifers , do YOU agree with Kris ? Should Kourtney get married to Scott now that they ’ re expecting their third child together ? Let us know ! — Tierney McAfee Kourtney Kardashian & Scott Disick Secretly Planning A Wedding ? Rob Kardashian Crushed Over His Sisters ’ Lack Of Support Kim Kardashian Will Co - Star In Khloe & Kourtney ’ s New Hamptons Show Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Kourtney Kardashian | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2014/07/19/adam-levine-married-behati-prinsloo-star-weds-model-mexico/ | Entertainment Sex & Relationships 22 Comments July 19 , 2014 9 : 23PM EDT Adam Levine Married : Star Weds Behati Prinsloo In Beautiful Ceremony Getty View Gallery 66 Photos . Avery Thompson Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Sorry , ladies — Adam Levine is now a married man ! The singer and ‘ Voice ’ judge married his love Behati Prinsloo in a gorgeous ceremony in Cabo San Lucas , Mexico on July 19 . Congrats to the newlyweds ! Adam Levine , 35 , has said “ I do ! ” The hot singer married his model fiancée Behati Prinsloo , 25 , in a beautiful wedding ceremony in Cabo San Lucas , Mexico on July 19 . The couple said their vows at the lavish Flora Farms in front of guests that included Behati ’ s fellow Victoria ’ s Secret models , Candice Swanepoel and Erin Heatherton Adam Levine Marries Behati Prinsloo In Beautiful Ceremony Adam Levine is no longer single , ladies ! The hot Maroon 5 frontman said wed his fiancée Behati Prinsloo in Cabo San Lucas , Mexico on July 19 , E ! News confirmed . The couple married at the luxurious Flora Farms in front of family and friends . The newlyweds and guests had been staying at the extravagant Hotel El Ganzo . They were taken to the ceremony by shuttle . The wedding was attended by celebrities such as groomsman Jason Segal , guest Robert Downey , Jr . and Jonah Hill , who officiated . Jonah ’ s brother Jordan Feldstein manages Maroon 5 . Adam ’ s bandmates also played a big role in the ceremony . Yes - - they are so cute together ! No - - Adam should always be single . Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com Behati ’ s fellow Victoria ’ s Secret Angels Candice Swanepoel and Erin Heatherton also made the guest list for the ceremony . Adam , Behati and their guests kicked off their wedding weekend with a lovely beachside party ! So fun ! No word yet on whether Adam sang to Behati at the ceremony or reception , but he did n ’ t turn away the idea completely ! Maybe he ’ ll perform a duet with Stevie Nicks , who is set to perform Adam and Behati started dating in 2012 . They got engaged in July 2013 . Adam popped the question upon reuniting with Behati after their split in March 2013 . We wish Adam and Behati all the happiness in the world as they start this journey together . We are so happy Adam had found love and hope nothing but the best ! HollywoodLifers , are you happy for Adam and Behati ? Let us know ! — Avery Thompson Follow @ avery__thompson More Celeb Marriages : Cheryl Cole Married : Singer Weds Boyfriend In Secret Ceremony Reggie Bush Marries Girlfriend Lilit Avagyan — Congrats Jessica Simpson Marries Fiance Eric Johnson In Lavish Ceremony Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Adam Levine Behati Prinsloo | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2014/09/18/the-biggest-loser-trainers-jenn-jessie-season-16/ | News World News 4 Comments September 18 , 2014 5 : 33PM EDT ‘ The Biggest Loser ’ : Meet The Trainers – Jen Widerstrom & Jessie Pavelka Courtesy of NBC View Gallery 134 Photos . ‘ The Biggest Loser : Glory Days ’ weighed into a brand new season on Sept . 11 , and HollywoodLife . com has the scoop straight from trainers Jennifer Widerstrom and Jessie Pavelka . Jen Widerstrom and Jessie Pavelka have some tough shoes to fill . The Biggest Loser trainers are officially in for Season 16 , Glory Days , coming on after Jillian Michaels ‘ exit . Read on to meet the newbies , plus find out what they think about the contestants so far ! ‘ The Biggest Loser ’ : Meet Trainers Jen & Jessie “ I got an email that expressed interest in working with me , ” Jen tells HollywoodLife . com exclusively about her casting onto The Biggest Loser . “ I kind of got the call that I got it and was like , ‘ Okay ! Holy cow ! I ’ ll do it ! ' ” Jessie had a few fitness TV shows under his belt before coming onto the show . “ I did one in the UK and one in the US , and I think they had kind of seen some work that I had done . ” He gushes getting the gig is simply a dream . “ You do n ’ t think about weight loss without thinking of ! So for me it was an opportunity to do what I do on the biggest platform available . ” Jen brings raw emotion to the new season , while Jessie brings tough love . “ I have a lot of emotion and feeling and I have a deep connection with my contestants so you ’ ll see intensity , but passion , joy and emotion from me , ” Jen says . “ I think that the first week of filming , I cried during half the episodes ! ” Yes . I love the new trainers , too ! No . I miss Jillian ! Vote View Results Jen says that she ’ ll be working closely alongside the contestants . “ To me , there ’ s an unspoken dialogue that happens when you ’ re working alongside someone . There ’ s involvement , there ’ s eye contact , there ’ s an emotional connection that ’ s made when you see someone working alongside you , experiencing the same hardship and it also empowers ” . Jessie has a different method . “ I want to listen and find out what ’ s going on , ” he tells HollywoodLife . com . “ I do n ’ t want to judge at all . I do n ’ t want these guys to feel worse about themselves . Yes , I can be hard . But I always come from a place of compassion . I ’ m not here to beat them up ! ” How Will Jessie & Jen Fill Jillian Michaels ’ Running Shoes ? Both trainers agree that viewers can expect a different direction to be taken on the show , after Jillian ’ s departure . Jessie admits that although Jillian has had a massive influence on the success of the show , he warns that he will be different . “ I ’ m nothing like her . My training style is different . I ’ m a male — that ’ s a start ! ” he jokes . “ The way I work with my people is totally different . I never wanted to compare myself , in a healthy way to Jillian because she did what she did , and I respect that . Now I want to do what I do . ” Jen looks upon her stint at as a chance to come into her own , rather than to continue with Jillian ’ s way . “ This is kind of my opportunity to make my stamp , my imprint , on the hearts of these contestants and hopefully America . So I do n ’ t know , it has n ’ t occurred to me to be worried . I can just do the best with who I am . And so far , it ’ s going well . ” The Trainers Weigh In On The Contestants Here ’ s what Jessie and Jen had to say about some of the contestants , agreeing that it could be anyone ’ s game ! Sonya Jones : “ She ’ s a bright light , ” Jen gushes . “ She offers me just as much support as I offer her . She ’ s this very special person . ” Scott Mitchell : Jen calls him a “ workhorse , ” admiring his dedication to working out and working hard . Jessie also raved over the former Detroit quarterback : “ He ’ s an amazing athlete . ” Toma Dobrosavljevic : “ He ’ s a guy that ’ s gained and lost a lot of this weight , multiple times over . So I know he can go the distance , ” Jen says about his resilience . Lori Harrigan - Mack : According to Jessie , the three time Olympic gold medalist is “ an incredible woman . . ” Damien Woody : “ A guy to watch , ” said Jessie . Some of the contestants bring on the tear - jerking moments , too . “ You have gentlemen like Howard ‘ Woody ’ Carter , who lost his wife to cancer , and you have another like Mike Murburg , who lost his son , ” Jen says . “ It ’ s deeply touching to see how some of these men allow themselves to be vulnerable and come through it . ” “ I have a kid and because I ’ m married , that ’ s a tough one , ” Jessie adds . “ Cause you ca n ’ t imagine … that pain sits so close to the surface . That ’ s something I would n ’ t want anyone to go through , in fact , I do n ’ t even like talking about it to be honest , but if you think about what we do , he ’ s going to leave the ranch ready and like a different man . He came in We agree that this season is off to an incredible start . Are you watching , HollywoodLifers ? Let us know , and tune into on Thursdays nights ( 8 / 7c ) on NBC ! — Maryam Rasheed More Biggest Loser News : ‘ The Biggest Loser ’ : Alison Sweeney Reveals Her Secret Weight Loss Tip Jillian Michaels Quits ‘ The Biggest Loser ’ - For The Third Time ‘ Biggest Loser ’ Rachel Interview : ‘ She Does n ’ t Recognize She ’ s Gone Too Far ’ Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Jillian Michaels The Biggest Loser | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2014/09/24/mike-the-situation-sorrentino-tax-fraud-indicted-tax-evasion-jail-jersey-shore/ | News World News 11 Comments September 24 , 2014 2 : 02PM EDT Mike ‘ The Situation ’ Sorrentino Facing 9 Years In Jail For Tax Fraud Getty View Gallery 15 Photos . Chris Rogers Senior Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk So shocking . The ‘ Jersey Shore ’ star has allegedly been charged with the crime of tax evasion in New Jersey , a new report claims . If found guilty , he ’ s facing a pretty steep punishment . Mike “ The Situation ” Sorrentino just ca n ’ t escape legal trouble . The 32 - year - old Jersey Shore star , who was arrested in July for allegedly assaulting his brother at their family ’ s Middletown tanning salon , has reportedly been accused of not properly paying taxes on $ 8.9 million in income . Mike ‘ The Situation ’ Sorrentino Charged With Tax Fraud : ‘ Jersey Shore ’ Star Indicted Mike and his brother Marc Sorrentino are scheduled to appear in court today , Sept . 24 , after being indicted on charges they filed false income tax returns from 2010 - 2012 , U.S. Attorney for New Jersey Paul J . Fishman announced , according to NJ . com Yes No Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com Mike is being indicted on two counts of filing false returns , while Marc is being indicted on three . And both are being indicted on one count of conspiracy . “ Michael and Marc Sorrentino filed false tax returns that incorrectly reported millions made from promotions and appearances , ” the U.S. Attorney said . “ The brothers allegedly also claimed costly clothes and cars as business expenses and funneled company money into personal accounts . The law is absolutely clear : telling the truth to the IRS is not optional . ” If found guilty , Mike could serve nine years in prison , which includes a year in prison for allegedly failing to file his 2011 income tax return . That year , he pulled in more than $ 1.95 million in income . Mike ‘ The Situation ’ Sorrentino Speaks Out : I ’ m Young & Dumb Earlier today , Sept . 24 , Mike posted this message on his Instagram account , according to TMZ : “ to be old and wise you must first be young and dumb . ” What do YOU think , HollywoodLifers ? Will Mike go to jail ? Should he ? Tell us how you feel ! — Chris Rogers Follow @ ChrisRogers86 More Mike ‘ The Situation ’ Sorrentino News : Mike ‘ The Situation ’ Sorrentino Addicted To Oxycontin & Vicodin , Insider Says ‘ Jersey Shore ’ Star Mike ‘ The Situation ’ Sorrentino Checks Into Rehab ‘ Jersey Shore ’ Sneak Peek : Mike ‘ The Situation ’ Sorrentino Tries To Hook Up With Deena ! Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2014/10/12/stevie-j-joseline-hernandez-pregnant-love-and-hip-hop-atlanta/ | News Celebrity Babies 16 Comments October 12 , 2014 5 : 59PM EDT Stevie J & Joseline Hernandez : ‘ Love & Hip Hop ’ Stars Expecting Baby Getty View Gallery 52 Photos . Avery Thompson Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Congrats are in order for ‘ Love & Hip Hop : Atlanta ’ stars Stevie J and Joseline Hernandez ! Stevie J had his first baby with fellow ‘ Love & Hip Hop ’ star Mimi Faust , and now he ’ s expecting another ! Do you think Mimi will be happy for the couple ? Stevie J ’ s family is growing by one ! The 42 - year - old singer and Love & Hip Hop : Atlanta star announced in a radio interview that his wife Joseline Hernandez , 27 , is expecting . Congratulations , Stevie and Joseline ! Stevie J & Joseline Hernandez Pregnant : Couple Expecting Stevie J and Joseline are expecting . During a radio interview with V100 . 7 ’ s Reggie Brown , Stevie revealed the big news . “ We got a new addition with the family too , but I do n ’ t wanna say too much , you know what I mean ? ” he said , according to VH1 . “ We ’ re expanding the Jordan family , if you understand what I mean . ” Oh boy ( or girl ) ! This is so exciting ! Joseline and Stevie married in 2013 . This will be the first child for Joseline and the second for Stevie . The singer has a daughter , Eva Giselle Jordan , with fellow cast member Mimi Faust , 44 . Yes , totally . No , she wo n ' t . Other : Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com In the beginning of Love & Hip Hop : Atlanta , Stevie was caught up in a love triangle with Joseline and Mimi . Stevie and Mimi have n ’ t had the best relationship with each other since their split . No word yet on when the baby is due or if it ’ s a boy or a girl ! recently finished up their third season . HollywoodLifers , are you happy for Stevie J and Joseline ? Do you think this will cause drama with Mimi ? Let us know ! — Avery Thompson More ‘ Love & Hip Hop ’ News : Justin Bieber Cozies Up To ‘ Love & Hip Hop ’ Star After Disneyland Date ‘ Love & Hip Hop Atlanta ’ : The Ladies Gang Up Against Joseline — Watch ‘ Love & Hip Hop : Hollywood ’ : New Cast Includes Ray J & Soulja Boy Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Joseline Hernandez Stevie J | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/01/12/grace-miguel-usher-engaged-getting-married/ | Entertainment Sex & Relationships 6 Comments January 12 , 2015 7 : 40PM EDT Usher Engaged To Longtime Girlfriend Grace Miguel — Congrats View Gallery 41 Photos . Chris Rogers Senior Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Congratulations are in order ! Usher and his longtime girlfriend / business partner , Grace Miguel , became engaged recently , a new report claims . In fact , Grace was spotted wearing a huge diamond ring on THAT finger on Jan . 10 ! Usher , 36 , is ready to give marriage another go ! The super successful recording artist is reportedly engaged to his longtime girlfriend and business partner , Grace Miguel , according to a new report . This will be Usher ’ s second time down the aisle . Grace Miguel & Usher Engaged — Singer & Business Partner Getting Married “ She ’ s happy but they ’ re trying to keep it quiet , ” a source told Us Weekly Usher and Grace were allegedly spotted getting cozy at the Golden Globes Art of Elysium Heaven Gala in Los Angeles on Jan . 10 , according to the magazine . And Grace was reportedly wearing a huge diamond ring on her wedding ring finger ! Actually , to say it ’ s huge is an understatement . Page Six claims the ring is MASSIVE . “ You would n ’ t think it was an engagement ring because it ’ s so big , ” a source told the news outlet . ( See a pic here ! ) Yes No Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com Usher recently opened up about his wife - to - be in an Oct . 2014 interview with Billboard magazine . “ I have an incredible partner and manager . She has helped me through some of the hardest times in my life and my career . She ’ s someone who ’ s been able to support and understand all of who I am . Not just as a dancer or as a performer or as a singer , but as a humanitarian and a business man and as a person , ” he said . So sweet ! We ’ re so happy they ’ re now engaged . Usher has been dating Grace since 2009 , following his split from ex - wife Tameka Foster . He and Tameka have two sons together , Naviyd Ely and Usher Raymond V . HollywoodLife . com has reached out to Usher ’ s rep for comment . What do YOU think , HollywoodLifers ? Are you surprised Usher ’ s engaged ? Tell us how you feel ! — Chris Rogers Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Grace Miguel Usher | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/01/13/justin-bieber-furious-selena-gomez-dating-zedd-mutual-friend/ | News Celebrity News 37 Comments January 13 , 2015 6 : 33PM EDT Justin Bieber ’ s ‘ Furious ’ Selena Gomez Is Dating Mutual Friend Zedd Getty / SplashNews View Gallery 63 Photos . Chris Rogers Senior Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Uh oh . Selena seems to finally be moving on from Justin Bieber , but the ‘ Baby ’ singer is n ’ t happy about it , a source tells HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY . And it ’ s because Zedd , the DJ / producer , Selena ’ s been packing on the PDA with , is a mutual friend of theirs . Justin Bieber thinks Selena Gomez is purposely dating Zedd , a mutual friend of theirs , in order to push his buttons and get back at him . Whether or not Selena has ulterior motives , she seems to be happy with this other man , which makes Justin “ furious , ” HollywoodLife . com has EXCLUSIVELY learned . Justin Bieber ‘ Furious ’ Selena Gomez ’ s Dating Zedd — It ’ s A Slap In The Face “ Justin is furious that Selena is dating Zedd . He was Justin ’ s friend first and it ’ s just not cool that she ’ s with a mutual friend . Justin thinks this is Selena ’ s way of getting back at him , ” a source tells HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY . Justin Bieber & Selena Gomez : Awkward Run - In At Cody Simpson ’ s Birthday Party ? Yes No Vote View Results Justin and Zedd worked together when producing their 2012 hit , “ Beauty And A Beat . ” So it ’ s pretty obvious that Justin and Zedd have a history together . And Selena ’ s taking full advantage of Zedd ’ s capabilities . Not only is she dating Zedd , but they ’ re working on new music together Selena Gomez & Zedd : Working On New Music Together “ What really infuriates Justin is Selena ’ s song collaboration with Zedd . He feels like this whole thing is just a slap in his face . He was the one who was suppose to collaborate with Selena on a song , not Zedd . To the outside world , Justin is going to act like he does n ’ t care one bit , but in his inner circle , everyone knows he ’ s hurting big time over the fact that Selena is with Zedd , ” our source says . Poor Justin . We ca n ’ t imagine any of this is easy . But he ’ s dating Hailey Baldwin now , so he should be happy for Selena . They should both be happy for each other . What do YOU think , HollywoodLifers ? Is it wrong to date an ex ’ s friend ? Do you think Justin should be worried ? Tell us how you feel ! — Chris Rogers , Reporting by Sandra Clark Follow @ ChrisRogers86 Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Justin Bieber Selena Gomez Zedd | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/01/26/emma-stone-andrew-garfield-oscar-date-birdman/ | Entertainment Sex & Relationships January 26 , 2015 9 : 17PM EST Andrew Garfield & Emma Stone : He ’ ll Drop Everything To Be Her Oscar Date Getty View Gallery 94 Photos . jordynshaffer Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Emma Stone and Andrew Garfield may be the most precious couple in Hollywood ! While the talented twosome rarely step out on the red carpet together , we have EXCLUSIVELY learned that Andrew will drop everything to be his girlfriend ’ s Oscar date . Swoon ! Andrew Garfield , 31 , has been conspicuously absent as girlfriend Emma Stone , 26 , goes from award show to award show for her amazing performance in Birdman . Now we have EXCLUSIVELY learned , Andrew will bend over backwards to be on his girls arm for the Academy Awards on Feb . 22 ! So cute ! Emma Stone & Andrew Garfield Oscar Date : He ’ ll Do Anything To Be There After earning multiple accolades for her role in Birdman , including a SAG award , Emma received her first Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Unfortunately , Andrew has n ’ t been with Emma at any of the glamerous award shows . But do n ’ t fret , Andrew has a good excuse for being a no show , working on the Martin Scorsese directed film , Silence Now a source tells HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY that nothing will stand in the way of Andrew being with Emma on Hollywood ’ s biggest night of the year . “ Andrew is looking forward to being Emma ’ s date for the Oscars and he is extremely proud of her and very excited for all her success , ” reveals the insider . Yes No Vote View Results “ He is confident in their relationship that business is business and pleasure is pleasure and he likes to separate that , but when it comes to the Oscars , both will mix since that is a huge deal . ” Emma Stone & Andrew Garfield Planning Summer Wedding – Report The pair could also be preparing for another personal huge deal : a summer wedding . As we previously reported , there is talk that the couple could tie the knot in Rome , Italy in front of close family and friends ! We would n ’ t be surprised if the couple , who have been dating since 2011 sans drama , took the leap . HollywoodLife . com loves the idea of the fashion icon and The Amazing Spider - Man actor saying “ I do ” in the Eternal City . Until then , we ’ ll have to look for a stone on Ms . Stone ’ s hand for the remainder of Awards Season . HollywoodLifers , what do you think : will Emma and Andrew make an appearance together at the Oscars ? Let us know ! — Jordyn Shaffer Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Andrew Garfield Emma Stone | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/01/29/criminal-minds-gideon-dead-ben-savage-guest-star/ | News World News 21 Comments January 29 , 2015 10 : 00AM EDT ‘ Criminal Minds ’ : Exec . Producer Reveals Why [ Spoiler ] Got Killed Off CBS Casey Mink Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk If you ’ re like us , you ’ re still reeling from that major death on the Jan . 28 episode of ‘ Criminal Minds . ’ But , did ( spoiler ) have to die ? There was a Criminal Minds tragedy on the Jan . 28 episode , and , according to the series ’ show runner , the death had to happen . We ’ ve got all the scoop as to what lead up to the upsetting moment . Warning : Serious spoilers ahead ! ‘ Criminal Minds ’ : Gideon ’ s Dead , But Why ? Though he had n ’ t actually been on the show in a tangible sense for over seven years , it was officially the end of the road for Gideon ( Mandy Patinkin ) on Criminal Minds Yes of course . Not really . Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com Within the first few moments of the Jan . 28 episode , it had been discovered that the once leader had been shot dead inside his own cabin , leaving his former BAU colleagues – and his son – mournfully scratching their heads . Before his untimely demise , though , Gideon was able to leave a clue for the BAU , which lead us to a 1970s flashback featuring a young Gideon ( played , delightfully , by guest star Ben Savage ) . So , what lead the series to definitively kill off a character that has n ’ t appeared on the show for so many years ? And what does it mean for the series future ? “ You ’ re seeing [ Gideon ’ s ] whole life as an FBI agent and the personal side of having a child he wanted to have but maybe was n ’ t as good of a dad as he wanted to be , ” executive producer Erica Messer told TV Guide . “ It felt like after 10 years , these are things that do happen to agents who have worked together for a long time . Their friends die , even in the line of duty . ” So , What Now ? Moving forward , will Gideon ’ s death affect the other characters ? “ It ’ s a really lovely continuation and then it becomes one of those things that the characters add to their layers , ” Erica said . “ They ’ ve seen deaths of colleagues . It makes you look at the job differently . I love how Hotch ( Thomas Gibson ) and Rossi ( Joe Mantegna ) had such a nice moment at the end . They did n ’ t say anything about murder for once . ” One good thing that came out of Gideon ’ s death was the fact that Ben got to play him in a flashback . Even though present day Gideon is no more , could we see Ben reprise him in his younger days ? “ He was so good – I think it ’ s certainly something that excites all of us , ” Erica said . “ You wo n ’ t see him again in Season 10 , but it ’ s something we ’ re considering for the future . ” We like the sound of that ! What did you think of Gideon ’ s death ? Are you sad to see him go ? — Casey Mink Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Ben Savage Criminal Minds Mandy Patinkin | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/02/10/uma-thurman-face-plastic-surgery-before-after-pics/ | News World News 12 Comments February 10 , 2015 9 : 01AM EDT Uma Thurman Transforms Her Face : What ’ s Going On ? — Shocking Pics Getty View Gallery 64 Photos . Lauren Cox Senior Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Whoa . What happened to Uma Thurman ? The actress looked like a completely different person while walking a red carpet on Feb . 9 in NYC . Uma Thurman , 44 , is nearly unrecognizable these days . For the first time in a few weeks , the actress was photographed at an event – but she has clearly undergone a transformation ! Uma Thurman ’ s Face Transformation — Shocking Pics Yikes . What ’ s up with Uma ’ s new look ? The actress debuted a brand - new look , in which the skin on her face much smoother — making her look not just younger , but like a stranger ! The most noticeable “ smooth ” spots appear under Uma ’ s eyes , and definitely across her forehead . Uma also opted out of wearing any eye makeup , and it appears as if her bangs have finally grown out which left her now smoother forehead on full display . Good doctors ! Good genes . Nothing , looks the same . Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com Uma Thurman ’ s Transformation — Fans React to Drastic Makeover With her “ new ” and much younger look , Uma premiered her new television show , T he Slap , in which she co - stars alongside Zachary Quinto Uma ’ s Changing Looks : Just Like Renee Zellweger ? This eerie transformation reminds us of when Renee Zellweger went through something similar in Oct . 2014 . When Renee hit the red carpet for an event at the time , the drastic change of her face became a viral conversation across social media . Check out more pictures of Uma in the gallery above and be sure to let us know what you think about Uma ’ s drastically changing looks ! Tell us , HollywoodLifers — What do you think Uma has been doing to change her looks ? Could this be the work of doctors or is she just graced with good genetics ? Comment below with your thoughts ! — Lauren Cox Follow @ Iaurencox Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . HollywoodLife Daily | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/03/06/chris-brown-baby-mama-married-nia-amey-pregnant-love-child/ | News Celebrity News 10 Comments March 6 , 2015 1 : 43PM EDT Chris Brown Baby Bombshell : Nia Married When He Got Her Pregnant ? Courtesy of Instagram View Gallery 17 Photos . OMG ! Was Nia Amey married when she conceived Chris Browns baby ? ! Terry Amey , her husband at the time , has come out and revealed that the two WERE in fact married when she conceived Chris ’ love child ! This is getting crazier by the day ! In a new tell - all interview , Terry Amey explained that he filed for divorce from Nia Amey the moment he learned she had an affair with Chris Brown and was carrying his child . The most shocking detail ? He forgives them ! Find out exactly what Terry has to say about the whole scandal . Chris Brown ’ s Baby Mama Married — Nia Amey Married When She Conceived Child Now that the news is public , Terry felt it would be beneficial to tell his side of the story . “ It ai n ’ t going to take a rocket science to figure that out . I got a divorce because Nia got pregnant by someone else , ” he told Radar Chris Brown & Nia Amey : What She Wants From Him To Raise Baby & Stay Private Nia was “ pregnant at the time of filing ” according to the divorce documents . Terry shockingly is n ’ t holding a grudge against Chris or Nia ! “ It might be a shock to the world being that Chris Brown is a father and now he ’ s going to have to step up to do right thing , ” Terry said . “ But at the same time I ’ m a god - loving person and I have to forgive to give my message . ” Nia ’ s Ex - Husband Says She ’ s A ‘ Great Mother ’ Terry insists that Nia is not the person the media is making her out to be — she ’ s actually a great mother he said . Chris Brown & Nia : Baby Mama & Daughter Moving To California To Be With Him YES for sure ! No prob not Vote View Results “ Social media is making it worse than what it is . But nobody is perfect , ” he continued . “ When you ’ re in this industry all types of things are going to happen . It ’ s not just happening with my ex - wife – it ’ s all women in the industry . When you allow persuasion and [ being ] misled to guide you , things are going to happen . It is what it is . It ’ s a part of growing . ” HollywoodLifers , do you think Chris knew Nia was married at the time ? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below ! — Shira Benozilio Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Chris Brown nia amey | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/04/04/aj-lee-retires-wwe-wrestling-diva-april-mendez/ | News World News 15 Comments April 4 , 2015 10 : 00AM EDT AJ Lee : Superstar WWE Diva Retires Image Courtesy of WWE View Gallery 13 Photos . Avery Thompson Senior Entertainment Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk AJ has decided to leave the WWE after six years as a Diva . The WWE announced the news of AJ ’ s retirement on April 3 . We wish her the best ! Well , this is a bummer . AJ Lee , 28 , a superstar female wrestler for the WWE , has decided to retire . AJ was the winner of three WWE Divas championships during her reign and had just wrestled at WrestleMania 31 on March 29 . AJ Lee Retires From The WWE The WWE released the following statement about AJ ’ s retirement : “ AJ Lee ( April Mendez ) has decided to retire from in - ring competition with WWE . We wish AJ the very best . ” AJ joined the WWE in 2009 and won the WWE Divas Championship three times . Her first win was the longest in the title ’ s history — 295 days ! She was also Pro Wrestling Illustrated ’ s Woman of the Year for three consecutive years . AJ suffered a neck injury in Aug . 2014 and took some time to heal . She returned to the ring on March 2 , 2015 by helping out her former foe Paige at WWE Raw . AJ and Paige teamed up to take down The Bella Twins at WrestleMania 31 on March 29 . Yes , she was my fave ! No . Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com AJ married former WWE wrestler CM Punk in 2014 , who had a troubled history with the wrestling organization . CM Punk : Claims WWE Wrestler Fired Him On His Wedding Day The wrestler revealed in a podcast in Nov . 2014 that he had been let go on his wedding day . He went on to blast the WWE organization . “ WWE does n ’ t do anything to protect the wrestlers , they do things to protect themselves , ” he said in the interview . “ They do n ’ t let everybody know that they ’ re doing all these fantastic things for concussions for ‘ the boys . ’ ” AJ has yet to make an official statement regarding her retirement . Could her hubby have had something to do with her decision ? Time will tell ! HollywoodLifers , are you sad AJ is retiring ? Let us know ! — Avery Thompson Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/04/30/camila-cabello-reacts-austin-mahones-diss-becky-g-real-relationship/ | Entertainment Sex & Relationships 45 Comments April 30 , 2015 6 : 56PM EDT Camila Cabello Responds To Austin Mahone ’ s Cruel Diss About Their Relationship Volume 0 % View Gallery 32 Photos . Chris Rogers Senior Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk So much shade ! Hours after it was revealed that Austin Mahone called his new relationship with Becky G the only ‘ real ’ one he ’ s ever had , his ex , Camila Cabello , strongly reacted on Twitter . See what she said ! Austin Mahone , 19 , seemed to diss his ex , Camila Cabello , 18 , when he revealed in a new interview that he ’ s dating Becky G , 18 , and it ’ s “ pretty crazy ” because he ’ s never been in “ a real relationship before . ” Um , what ? The Fifth Harmony singer was just as shocked as we were to read Austin ’ s statement , which is why she lashed out on Twitter . Camila Cabello On Austin Mahone Diss : She Tweets About ‘ Real ’ Becky G Relationship Read Camila ’ s heated tweet below : damn … .good to know — camEEla cabeYo ( @ camilacabello97 ) April 30 , 2015 Shame on Austin . He and Camila dated for a few weeks last fall , so it ’ s pretty insensitive of him to say his new relationship is the only “ real ” one he ’ s ever been in . Austin Mahone & Becky G : She Says He ’ s The ‘ Best Kisser Ever ’ “ [ Becky G and I are ] dating . I ’ ve never had , like , a real relationship before so it ’ s pretty crazy , ” Austin admitted to MTV Austin probably did n ’ t mean to be hurtful , but we do feel bad for Camila . Becky G & Austin Mahone Relationship Confirmed “ It ’ s great being in a relationship with someone that does the same thing you do , ” Austin added . “ We understand each other , we understand what we do . ” Austin also revealed during the interview that he and Becky G are working on an “ intimate type ” video together . ( Sexy ! ) Austin Mahone Camila Cabello Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com While that ’ s sweet and all , Austin may soon have to answer to the Harmonizers . Quickly after his interview emerged , # CamilaDefenseSquad started trending on Twitter . What do YOU think , HollywoodLifers ? Whose side are you on ? Vote in our poll and tell us how you feel ! — Chris Rogers Follow @ ChrisRogers86 Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Austin Mahone Camila Cabello | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/06/23/yeezy-boost-350-release-price-where-to-buy/ | Fashion Fashion Features 4 Comments June 23 , 2015 5 : 41PM EDT Yeezy Boost 350s : Where You Can Get A Pair Of Kanye West ’ s $ 200 Sneakers Katrina Mitzeliotis Fashion Director Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Hoping to rock the Yeezy Boost 350s “ All Day ” ? Well , from price to release date , here ’ s everything you need to know about the launch of Kanye West ’ s highly anticipated , $ 200 sneaker . Although up until now we ’ ve only really seen them on the feet of the Kardashian gals , ( hey , marrying Kanye West definitely has some style perks ! ) , the highly anticipated launch of the Yeezy Boost 350 sneakers finally has a release date — and it ’ s Saturday , June 27 . Since it ’ s only mere days away , here ’ s everything you need to know about the shoe — and how you can try to score a pair before they all sellout ! Kanye and Adidas have teamed up to bring you the second sneaker in the Boost collection ! The sneaker , which features a black and white knit design , are already a favorite of Kanye and his wife , Kim — and even her little sister , Kylie Jenner , has stepped out in the shoe . So , how can you get a pair of the Yeezy Boost 350s ? The shoe , which retails for $ 200 , will hit stores and online at www . adidas . com / kanye on June 27 — and your best bet to assure you get a pair is by reserving the shoe ahead of time you can do so in the Adidas sneaker app , Confirmed . 13 adidas locations will also offer the shoe in an in - store lottery , which you can sign up for in - person by the end of the day on June 24 . Winners will find out if they were picked by June 26 . Stores participating include : CALIFORNIA : South Coast Plaza , Westfield San Francisco Centre FLORIDA : Aventura Mall , Miami Beach , The Florida Mall , Westfield Brandon GEORGIA : Lenox Square MARYLAND : Westfield Annapolis NEVADA : Las Vegas Strip NEW JERSEY : Cherry Hill Mall , Westfield Garden State Plaza NEW YORK : Roosevelt Field TEXAS : Houston Galleria In true Kardashian / Jenner fashion , the family has showed their support for the style , both stepping out in the shoe and taking to social media to post about the highly anticipated release — the interest around the release clearly is growing ! What do you think of Kanye ’ s latest sneaker ? Are you going to shop the new release of his latest shoe ? VOTE and let us know what you think of the sporty style ! Katrina Mitzeliotis Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Kanye West Kim Kardashian Kylie Jenner Yeezy Boost 350 | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/07/01/ben-affleck-jennifer-garner-marriage-split-reason/ | News Celebrity News 4 Comments July 1 , 2015 12 : 42AM EDT Ben Affleck & Jennifer Garner Split : Why It Was Impossible To Save Their Marriage Ben Affleck & Jennifer Garner ( Getty ) Getty View Gallery 26 Photos . Sadly , Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner just could n ’ t save their marriage . While they ’ ve been having marital problems for years , HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY learned why it was ultimately impossible for the former power couple to save their marriage . Ben Affleck , 42 , and Jennifer Garner , 43 , have thrown in the towel after a 10 - year marriage that was impossible to save . Sure , they went to counseling and worked extra hard to repair their relationship , “ but it was n ’ t enough , ” an insider tells HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY . So what exactly went wrong between Ben and Jen , and why could n ’ t they put their differences aside to reconcile ? Here ’ s the scoop . “ The trouble in their relationship has been brewing for years . The main issue is that Jen wanted to change Ben . She was immensely attracted to Ben from early on and their chemistry back on Daredevil was insane . He was a bad boy but she thought he wanted to put those days behind him and be a doting father and husband . To Ben ’ s credit , he ’ s a great dad and he really tried to be a terrific husband but it never came easy to him . After a while those bad habits came back , ” an insider tells HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY . Sadly , it seems like Ben and Jen had just drifted apart and ultimately were not happy with each other . “ He wanted to gamble and drink and flirt with beautiful actresses . Ben seemed to look forward to those weeks away from home working on set . He could do what he wanted and relax , which made it all the more difficult to come home and to Jen , ” our insider continues . The most heartbreaking part about Jen and Ben ’ s divorce is that they have three kids , Violet , 9 , Seraphina , 6 , and Samuel , 3 , and Jen desperately fought to keep their marriage from falling apart for the sake of their kids . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . “ They went to marriage counseling and tried to make changes in their lives to heal their marriage but it was n ’ t enough , ” our insider adds . “ It just did n ’ t seem like Ben could do enough — and truthfully maybe he did n ’ t want to . Jen felt his heart was n ’ t in it . ” So sad . Sometimes , relationships just do n ’ t work but for the sake of their family we hope things remain friendly Ben Affleck & Jennifer Garner Divorce : Why He Could n ’ t Be Married To Her Any Longer While Jen fought to keep their marriage afloat , Ben was bothered by Jen disturbing his social life , HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY learned . “ He always had to get rid of friends for Jen , he always had to give up being him for Jen , ” our insider shared . Do n ’ t worry though , there ’ s still a lot of love between them . Yes No Vote View Results “ He loved her , he loves her and he will always be grateful for the children they have together , ” our insider adds . “ But she ended up being more of a mom than a wife and Ben did n ’ t want to live that life anymore . ” To hear more about Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner , head over to iTunes and download the HollywoodLife podcast for free ! What do YOU think , HollywoodLifers ? Do you think Ben and Jen could have saved their marriage ? Let us know ! — Julianne Ishler , Reporting by Tim Plant Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Ben Affleck Ben Affleck & Jennifer Garner Jennifer Garner | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/07/07/demi-moore-ashton-kutcher-wedding-mila-kunis-married-banned/ | News World News 17 Comments July 7 , 2015 6 : 35PM EDT Demi Moore Forbids Loved Ones From Talking About Ashton Kutcher & Mila Kunis ’ Wedding Credit : Getty Images View Gallery 83 Photos . Michelle Phi Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Poor Demi Moore ! It ’ s been two years since she & Ashton Kutcher divorced , but the actress is still hung up over her ex - husband . Apparently the news of Ashton & Mila ’ s nuptials hurt her so much , Demi banned friends & family from even mentioning them . Any mentions of Ashton Kutcher , 37 , and Mila Kunis ’ , 31 , recent nuptials are not welcomed in Demi Moore ’ s , 52 , home ! Everyone has been happily talking about the couple ’ s wedding over the 4th of July weekend , but there are a handful of people who are n ’ t allowed to speak of it and we ’ re not talking about the couple ’ s wedding guests ! Ashton and Mila ’ s secret wedding is the talk of the town , but for Demi it just brings up devastating emotions for her — and she ’ s a wreck . “ Demi is heartbroken over Ashton and Mila getting married . It ’ s as if every milestone in their lives is a punch to the gut for Demi , ” a source revealed EXCLUSIVELY to HollywoodLife . com . Apparently in Demi ’ s mind , the wedding made everything official ( was the fact that the two were dating not official enough for her ? ) and that was really hard for her to deal with . Let ’ s not forget the 52 - year - old also had a hard time dealing with Ashton and Mila ’ s baby news . “ It was like opening up an old wound , ” the source continued . “ Demi is just trying not to waste her time obsessing over them so she ’ s told her daughters and friends not to bring it up . She ’ s basically banned anyone from mentioning Ashton and Mila ’ s names . ” Not mentioning the name of your ex is definitely one way to get over them , right ? Besides , Demi has other things she should be thinking about , like possibly signing up for Dancing With the Stars Demi Moore To Follow Rumer Willis ’ Footsteps & Compete On ‘ DWTS ? ’ Yes No Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com After Rumer Willis ’ , 26 , amazing win on DWTS , Demi is thinking twice about being on the dance competition , but it ’ s not because the actress wants to bring another championship into her family ! “ She thinks DWTS will reinvigorate her lagging career , ” a source told Star Magazine . Even though the news of Ashton and Mila ’ s secret wedding is pretty prominent , it ’ s clear Demi has other things on her mind than to obsess over her ex ’ s recent wedding . HollywoodLifers , do you think not talking about Ashton and Mila will help Demi get over him ? — Michelle Phi , reporting by Tim Plant Follow @ _MichellePhi Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Ashton Kutcher Demi Moore | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/07/23/daniel-radcliffe-birthday-26-july-23/ | News World News 1 Comment July 23 , 2015 12 : 01AM EDT Daniel Radcliffe : Harry Potter Turns 26 — Happy Birthday Daniel Radcliffe ( REX ) Getty Images View Gallery 21 Photos . Samantha Wilson Senior News Writer & Reporter Happy birthday , Daniel Radcliffe ! Daniel turns 26 years - old today , July 23 , and we ca n ’ t believe that this accomplished man is the same kid who played Harry Potter for eight films ! Daniel Radcliffe is seriously 26 years - old today . It seems like just yesterday he was still a little kid preparing to go to Hogwarts for the first time , but poof ! He ’ s transformed into an established actor with such an impressive resume ! Daniel had a wonderful year , but being 26 is going to be even better . Let ’ s help him celebrate ! Who knew Daniel had so many talents outside of acting ? Daniel let us all know that he ’ s actually an amazing rapper ! He first stunned the audience on The Tonight Show With Jimmy Fallon by rapping the incredibly complex “ Alphabet Aerobics ” in October 2014 . Seriously , kid ’ s got skills ! Volume 0 % Fans were obsessed with footage of Dan performing Eminem ‘ s “ The Real Slim Shady ” at a karaoke bar with girlfriend Erin Darke in July 2015 . He clearly does this a lot in his free time ; dude was n ’ t even looking at the lyrics on the screen ! He beefed up his resume with the chilling horror film Horns in October 2014 , which showed him transforming into a literal devil — titular horns included ! He tried his hand at rom - coms for the first time , too , starring in the adorable What If opposite Zoe Kazan . And to top it all off , he scored a small , but hilarious role in Amy Schumer ‘ s Trainwreck as a very busy dog walker . Is there anything this guy ca n ’ t do ? Up next , Daniel has a number of highly - anticipated films to his name : Brooklyn Bridge Victor Frankenstein Young Americans and Now You See Me : The Second Act . We ca n ’ t wait to see what Daniel does with each film , and how his career flourishes in the next year ! Hey , if acting does n ’ t work out , he can always go back to being a receptionist at Nylon HollywoodLifers , help us wish Daniel a happy birthday in the comments ! — Samantha Wilson Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Birthdays Daniel Radcliffe Happy Birthday | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/09/16/agt-winner-2015-who-won-americas-got-talent-paul-zerdin/ | Entertainment TV 52 Comments September 16 , 2015 10 : 59PM EDT ‘ America ’ s Got Talent ’ : [ SPOILER ] Wins Season 10 — Congrats Courtesy of NBC View Gallery 25 Photos . Alyssa Norwin Senior Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk We have a winner ! 10 acts competed in the finals of ‘ America ’ s Got Talent , ’ but only one was named champion on the Season 10 finale after the viewers ’ vote . Read our full recap and find out who won here ! [ SPOILER ] is America ’ s Got Talent Season 10 winner ! The show ’ s Sept . 16 finale was jam - packed with entertainment , but the biggest moment of the 2 - hour episode was right at the very end , when host Nick Cannon announced who would take home the $ 1 million prize and land a show on the Las Vegas strip . WARNING : Do n ’ t read on if you do n ’ t want to know the winner ! Aside from the nerve - racking results , the final contestants got to have a lot of fun during the finale . After a recap of Tuesday ’ s performance episode , The CraigLewis band took the stage with gospel singer Yolanda Adams , and the crowd was totally feeling it . The , mentalist Oz Pearlmann showed his skills ( which never get old ! ) and his competitor Derek Hughes did some magic tricks with former AGT winner Mat Franco . And Piff The Magic Dragon joined in on the fun , too , joined by famous magicians Penn & Teller , no big deal ! YES definitely Nope , not my favorite Vote View Results Crowdsignal . com After a commercial break , a recently injured Uzeyer Novruzov got some help from eliminated contestants Freelusion for another fun performance . Even though the injury did n ’ t allow him to go at his full potential , it ’ s still great to see Uzeyer not giving up and giving the fans , who voted him through despite a disastrous fall , what they want . In between all the fun , host Howard Stern made us all emotional for a moment , mentioning what we ’ ve known for weeks — it ’ s his last season as a judge on the show . But it did n ’ t last long , as he led his exit speech into a funny package about Nick , and then the season ’ s two stand - up comedians , Gary Vider and Drew Lynch , attempted to roast one another . But they were too nice for judge Howie Mandel , who welcomed Jeff Ross to the stage to show them how it ’ s done . SO funny ! Penn and Teller came back onstage later on , joined by season favorite the Professional Regurgitator , Stevie Starr , and as usual , his act was amazing — he regurgitated a FISH ! Then , Rachel Platten took the stage to sing her hit “ Fight Song ” with the only solo singer left in the competition , Benton Blount . Soooo freakin ’ good . And , ahead of results , finalist Paul Zerdin also brought his act back to the stage . His ventriloquism never gets old , and there was even a special appearance from Season 2 winner , Terry Fator FINALLY , an hour and a half into the show , we got into the first set of results , during which five of the ten finalists were eliminated . With Oz Pearlmann , Drew Lynch , the Professional Regurgitator , the CraigLewis band and Paul Zerdin named as the Top 5 , that left Derek Hughes , Gary Vider , Uzeyer Novruzov , Benton Blount and Piff the Magic Dragon sent packing . And , back for some more results ! Nick then announced the act in fifth place : The CraigLewis Band . Surely it was disappointing to be the first of the Top 5 eliminated , but the guys have to know how amazing it was to get so far . Before the next elimination was made , though , a montage for Howard , and yes , we got pretty emotional about it ! After a commercial break , another act was eliminated , when Nick announced the Professional Regurgitator was in fourth place . WHAT ? ! This one totally shocked us . Stevie was a fan favorite from the beginning , and the crowd showed their disapproval by booing when he was sent home . And in third place … Oz Pearlmann . That left Drew Lynch , the loveable , stuttering comedian , and Paul Zerdin , the ventriloquist as the final two . And your winner of America ’ s Got Talent season 10 — by only one percent difference in votes — is … . Paul Zerdin ! WOW ! Congratulations ! HollywoodLifers , do you think the right person won America ’ s Got Talent — Alyssa Norwin Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . America ' s Got Talent | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/12/21/selena-gomez-hands-to-myself-music-video-watch-full-official/ | News Celebrity News 17 Comments December 21 , 2015 7 : 28PM EDT Selena Gomez In ‘ Hands To Myself ’ : Has Scorching Hot Sex With Chris Mason Volume 0 % View Gallery 85 Photos . Beth Shilliday Senior Evening Writer Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Whoa Selena Gomez ! She just dropped her video for ‘ Hands To Myself and it ’ s definitely her hottest one ever . Selly spends most of it in her underwear , rolling around with hot model Chris Mason and even gets arrested ! Look away Niall Horan your lady Selena Gomez , 23 , is getting it on with a gorgeous new man in her video for “ Hands To Myself , ” and we ’ re loving every minute of this sexy new Selly . She gave us some hints that this would be her raciest video ever in a teaser trailer that dropped Dec . 18 , but now that ’ s it ’ s finally here , we ca n ’ t get enough of Selena ! Selena looks so hot , it ’ s criminal ! The gorgeous star surprised us with the new “ Hands to Yourself ” video , not once but twice ! She shows plenty of flesh parading around a magnificent mansion in a sexy Emporio Armani black bra and underwear , trying on a man ’ s clothes and taking a steamy bath . We see her keep her hands to herself by sensually caressing her chest and body , while fantasizing about gorgeous model Christopher Mason . The two share tons of kisses and caressing in her mind while she watches him on a huge TV . The first surprise is when she falls asleep and wakes up to police arresting her ! Um , Selly was totally stalking Chris , and apparently broke into his house . Or so we thought ! After we watch her struggling with police and shoved in the back of a cop car , we discover that it ’ s all just a movie . Selena is cuddled up on the couch watching it with none other than breathtaking Chris himself . Talk about a roller coaster ! Somebody give this gal an Oscar . We got some hints of what was to come back on Thanksgiving weekend when she was shooting the new video . We watched Selly do take after take of a scene where she gets arrested , handcuffed and thrown into the back of a police car ! Back then , in order to do makeup and costume adjustments , the lucky crew members got a big ol ’ flash of the black bra she was wearing underneath her white men ’ s shirt but we saw plenty of that in her new video ! No wonder she looked so comfortable on set , she spent most of the video in the bra ! You can get Selena ’ s new album Revival by clicking here . Selena has already released videos for her initial singles off Revival — “ Good For You ” in which she steamed things up naked in the shower , and “ Same Old Love ” where she bared plenty of cleavage . So we ’ re naturally thrilled at the arrival of “ Hands To Myself ” and Sel really outdid herself with her hottest video ever ! RE HollywoodLifers , what do YOU think of Selena ’ s hot new video ? Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Selena Gomez | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2016/02/15/taylor-swift-wins-grammy-award-album-of-the-year-2016/ | News Celebrity News 16 Comments February 15 , 2016 11 : 21PM EDT Taylor Swift Blasts Kanye West At The Grammys : Do n ’ t Let People ‘ Take Credit ’ For Your Fame Volume 0 % Chris Rogers Senior Editor Oh snap ! Taylor Swift ’ s top - selling ‘ 1989 ’ won the award for Album of the Year at the 2016 Grammys on Feb . 15 , and while on stage , T - Swizzle took the opportunity to diss Kanye West . Find out all the details here ! Taylor Swift won a lot of awards at the 2016 Grammys on Monday , Feb . 15 , but we have a feeling her win for Album Of The Year is the one she ’ s most proud of . And it was also the award she shoved in Kanye West ‘ s face , when she finally fired back at him after dissing her in his new song , “ Famous . ” After Taylor brought the co - executive producer of 1989 Max Martin , on stage with her , she made sure to point out that she ’ s the first female to ever win Album Of The Year twice at the Grammys ! And then , she finally reacted to Kanye West ’ s diss in his new song “ Famous ” — in which he sang “ I made that b * * * * famous ” — she used her spotlight her fans to never let anyone take credit for their achievements . “ And as the first woman to win Album of the Year at the Grammys twice , I want to say to the young women out there , there are going to be people along the way who try to undercut your success or take credit for your accomplishments or your fame , ” Taylor said . “ But if you just focus on the work and you do n ’ t let those people sidetrack you , someday when you get where you ’ re going , you will look around and you will know it was you and the people who love you who put you there , and that will be the greatest feeling in the world , ” Tay added . As HollywoodLife . com previously reported , in Kanye ’ s song “ Famous , ” he raps that he ’ s responsible for her success . Clearly , Taylor got the last laugh because the Grammys tweeted the following : Mic drop @ taylorswift13 # GRAMMYs — The GRAMMYs ( @ TheGRAMMYs ) February 16 , 2016 And we were right , when we originally reported that Taylor would retaliate at the Grammy Awards ! “ Taylor has decided that should she win a Grammy tonight , especially if her song ‘ Bad Blood ’ wins , she is going to try to take the opportunity to say something uplifting about women , ” a source EXCLUSIVELY told HollywoodLife . com before the show . “ Taylor considers herself a bit of a feminist and she wants to be a force for good and not feed into Kanye ’ s negativity . ” However , Kanye ’ s already planning his “ revenge ” for Taylor ’ s remarks ! The other nominees for Album of the Year included Alabama Shakes for Sound & Color , Kendrick Lamar for To Pimp A Butterfly Chris Stapleton for Traveller , and The Weeknd for Beauty Behind The Madness What do YOU think , HollywoodLifers ? Are you happy Taylor Swift won Album Of The Year ? Are you glad she fired back at Kanye ? Tell us below ! Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Grammy Awards Grammys Kanye West Taylor Swift | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2016/03/16/younger-thad-dead-finds-out-liza-age-season-2-episode-11-recap/ | Entertainment TV 2 Comments March 16 , 2016 10 : 31PM EDT ‘ Younger ’ Recap : [ Spoiler ] Dies After Learning Liza ’ s Secret Image Courtesy of TVLand View Gallery 20 Photos . Emily Longeretta Senior Entertainment Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk The best episode yet ? All signs point to . . . yes . Liza was put in a pickle last week when she found out about Thad ’ s cheating — but will she tell Kelsey ? Let ’ s start with Liza ( Sutton Foster ) ’ s insane ly creepy work event . When Empirical welcomes their number one author , Edward L.L. Moore , into the office , everyone is instructed to do anything he asks . And for her , that means dressing up in a Princess Leia - like fur bikini and being his Princess . Yes , really . A little back story : Liza is informed that the entire company is riding on L.L. ’ s books — so Diana ( Miriam Shor ) and Charles ( Peter Hermann ) cater to his every need . So , when he comes in to promote his final book of his series , Empirical holds the casting for the movie adaptation at their own office . And when the creepy old author sees Liza , he immediately casts her as the princess . This means she must dress up in an INSANE bikini ( no really ) , in the middle of Times Square . Luckily , Charles saves her before Edward literally kidnaps her , and they headed out to have drinks . ( Seriously , # TeamCharles . ) However , in the middle of drinks she was interrupted by a text ( again ) from Thad ( Dan Amboyer ) , who had been demanding to see her after she threatened to show Kelsey ( Hilary Duff ) the video of him hooking up with his assistant . However , this time , he had leverage . He had gone to Liza ’ s apartment to try to talk and met her daughter — then looked her up and found out her real age . So , when he texted with a photo of her ’ 96 graduation photo , she left Charles high and dry . UGH ! The next day , we saw a redefining moment for Liza : she told Thad that she did n ’ t care if he told the world , she was n ’ t letting Kelsey marry him without telling her the truth . However , after literally pushing him away , a crane from above fell and crushed him . Sooo , we ’ re pretty sure Thad is dead . I mean , right ? did kind of tell us . ) Are you excited for the finale , HollywoodLifers Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . younger | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2016/03/23/joe-giudice-jail-fraud-prison-sentence-teresa-real-housewives/ | Entertainment TV 7 Comments March 23 , 2016 12 : 45PM EDT Joe Giudice , Teresa ’ s Husband , Enters Prison For 41 Months Getty View Gallery 8 Photos . Jason Brow Senior News Writer & Sports Editor Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk It ’ s been a long time coming , but Joe Giudice , husband of ‘ The Real Housewives of New Jersey ’ star , Teresa Giudice , must serve his time for bankruptcy fraud . Joe reported to federal prison on March 23 , and the father - of - four will now spend the next 41 months behind bars . Teresa Giudice , 43 , has served her time and now , it ’ s her husband ’ s turn . Joe Giudice , 43 , has begun his jail sentence on March 23 , and the beloved husband of the Real Housewives of New Jersey star will not be a free man for over three years . The Giudice family released a statement through their attorney about Joe ’ s lockup . “ Joe Giudice surrendered himself to the Federal Correctional Institution at Fort Dix today at 12 p.m. to begin serving his sentence , ” the Giudice family attorney James Leonard Jr . told E ! News in a statement . “ His brother , his sister and several other members of the Giudice family , as well as myself , were present when he turned himself in to the prison , including Teresa . It was obviously a very emotional day , but this is a very strong family with a tremendous support system and they will get through this , just as they did when Teresa was away . ” Teresa and Joe were both found guilty in 2014 for engaging in bankruptcy , mail and wire and bank fraud . In addition to the 41 months , Joe was ordered to pay a restitution fee of $ 414,588 . As for Teresa , she was slammed with a 15 - month sentence for her role in the crime . Thankfully , the judge decided that The Real Housewives star would not serve her sentence at the same time as Joe , so at least one parent could always be there to take care of their kids Teresa was incredibly nostalgic on Instagram in the hours leading up to Joe ’ s incarceration , posting multiple family photos , and sweet pics of her with her husband . It ’ s clear that this is going to be hard for her , especially since she was only released from prison herself . “ My Beautiful Family ❤ ️ , Daddy ’ s Girls ❤ ️ ” Teresa captioned two photos Joe with their four girls . “ The Love of my Life ❤ ️ , ” read another , a shot of her posing with her adoring husband . teresagiudice Verified 1.6m followers View Profile teresagiudice Verified 3,735 posts · 1.6m followers View More on Instagram Comment Save 14,061 likes My Beautiful Family ❤ ️ view all 173 comments Add a comment . . . Instagram Verified 1.6m followers View Profile Verified 3,735 posts · 1.6m followers View More on Instagram Comment Save 14,039 likes With my Honey ❤ ️ view all 426 comments Add a comment . . . Instagram After nearly a year behind bars at the Danbury Correctional Facility in Connecticut , Teresa was released on Dec . 23 , 2015 — just in time for Christmas . She was all smiles when she reunited with her four daughters – Gia , 14 , Gabriella , 11 , Milania , 10 , and Audriana , 6 . Her reunion with Joe was far more passionate , as the two embraced in a very hot kiss While Joe said he thinks prison is “ not a big deal , ” his wife says otherwise . “ It was no country club , trust me , at all , ” she said during the Feb . 8 episode of Good Morning America . During her first interview as a free woman , Teresa said there was “ mold in the bathrooms , there was not running water constantly . The showers were freezing cold . It was hell . It was definitely like living in hell . ” Do you think Joe will get out early , HollywoodLifers ? Or do you think he ’ ll serve the full sentence and be released in 2019 ? Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Joe Giudice Teresa Giudice | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2016/12/13/emmanuel-sanders-pregnant-wife-files-divorce-before-giving-birth-nfl/ | Entertainment Sex & Relationships December 13 , 2016 7 : 16PM EDT NFL Star Emmanuel Sanders ’ Pregnant Wife Shockingly Files For Divorce REX / Shutterstock View Gallery 24 Photos . Jennifer Maas Staff Writer / Reporter Share This Article Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Email Print Talk Oh , baby ! Emmanuel Sanders wife , Gabriella Sanders , gave birth on Dec . 13 , the same day news broke she had filed for divorce from the NFL star . Get the details on the delivery of Gabriella ’ s shocking news , as well as their new baby ! Emmanuel Sanders , 29 , wife , Gabriella Sanders , shockingly filed for divorce from the Denver Broncos wide receiver back in October , when she was just months away from giving birth to their baby girl , Zoie Sanders . However , news that Gabriella had filed the official documents in Texas did n ’ t break until TMZ reported the split on Dec . 13 , the same exact day that little Zoie came into the world . Whoa ! What ’ s more , Emmanuel was reportedly there in the delivery room when Gabriella gave birth to their new bundle of joy . He even posted a pic of the whole family , including the couple ’ s two - year - old son , together . So , have they buried the hatchet since she filed just a few days before their three year anniversary ? Worst Celebrity Divorces Of All Time — Photos Gabriella ’ s court documents stated that “ the marriage has become insupportable because of discord or conflict of personalities , ” but did n ’ t note the exact reason the couple was splitting . At the time , Gabriella was also granted a temporary restraining order against Emmanuel to keep him away from herself and their home . The judge even restricted Emmanuel ’ s access to his children . Gabriella also asked for child support and a “ disproportionate share ” of their combined assets , stating that the divorce was Emmanuel ’ s fault . So what the heck is going on now if the Broncos WR was welcome to be near Gabriella , their son , and their little girl the day his wife delivered the new baby ? No matter what ’ s happening , we wish them congratulations on Zoie ’ s birth ! HollywoodLifers , do you think Gabriella and Emmanuel are giving their marriage another shot ? Let us know below ! Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . | [
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http://hollywoodlife.com/2017/03/28/jasmine-washington-convinced-baby-kirk-frost-father-son-photo/ | News Celebrity Babies 2 Comments March 28 , 2017 2 : 49PM EDT Jasmine Washington Insists That Her Baby Is Kirk Frost ’ s Son : Why She ’ s 100 % Convinced Courtesy of Instagram View Gallery 12 Photos . Samantha Wilson Senior News Writer & Reporter Is the proof in the picture ? Jasmine Washington is absolutely convinced that Kirk Frost is the father of her baby , and she ’ s driving that allegation home with a side - by - side of their children on Instagram ! Hmm … they do look alike . See her deleted post here ! Jasmine Washington , 27 , posted and deleted a curious pic on Instagram on March 26 that made serious allegations about the paternity of her son . The photo , shown below , was a side - by - side of her baby , Kannon Mekhi Washington ( on the left ) , and Kirk Frost ‘ s son , Karter Frost ( on the right ) , now 3 , when he was around the same age . The point of the post was to show her followers just how alike the two boys look , and drive home her argument that Kirk is allegedly Kannon ’ s father “ Hmm … .I ’ ll just let this sit right here weirdos # brothers ” she captioned the photo , along with the thinking emoji and sleeping emoji . She was n ’ t being subtle about what she was trying to get across at all ! There is a resemblance between the boys , but that does not mean they ’ re brothers . She definitely wants Kirk — and Rasheeda Buckner - Frost — to take notice , though ! View this post on Instagram # JasmineBleu from # LHHATL shares a photo of her alleged son with # KirkFrost ( right ) next to a photo of his son with # Rasheeda ( left ) , do you see a resemblance ? # PostAndDelete A post shared by The Shade Room ( @ theshaderoom ) on Mar 28 , 2017 at 7 : 45am PDT Kirk has yet to take a paternity test to see if Jasmine ’ s claims are true , which could clear up this whole controversy right away . But he ’ s denied that Kannon is his child from the very beginning , and is desperate to keep his marriage to Rasheeda from crumbling . The Love & Hip Hop : Atlanta star has admitted that he hooked up with Jasmine while married to Rasheeda , which is a major violation of their trust . Kirk Frost & Rasheeda Buckner - Frost — See Pics While Rasheeda ’ s letting him back into her life while the scandal brews , Kirk ’ s maybe taking things a little too far ; he wishes that both Rasheeda and Jasmine would just “ love and nurture him ” as he deals with the mistakes he made , according to a source who spoke to HollywoodLife . com EXCLUSIVELY . Yeah … that ’ s probably not going to happen ! HollywoodLifers , do you think that Kirk is the father of Jasmine ’ s baby ? Tell us in the comments ! Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . Jasmine Washington Kirk Frost | [
"Jasmine Washington",
"Karter Frost"
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http://hollywoodlife.com/celeb/honey-boo-boo-alana-thompson/ | Alana ‘ Honey Boo Boo ’ Thompson Matt Baron / REX / Shutterstock Details Also Known As : Honey Boo Boo , Honey Boo Boo Child , Smoochie , The Diva Beauty Queen , Alana Holler Hometown : McIntyre Bio : ‘ Honey Boo Boo ’ ( born Alana Thompson in McIntyre , Georgia on August 28 , 2005 ) was featured on an episode of TLC ’ s Toddlers & Tiaras . She became famous ( or , arguably , infamous ) for her over - the - top personality and unfiltered comments ( true , most 6 - year - olds do n ’ t have a filter , but Honey Boo Boo ’ s brand of “ unfiltered ” is especially entertaining ) . A YouTube clip of her appearance on the show spread like viral wildfire and rocketed little Alana to fame , and the rest , as they say , is history . She became such a sensational pop culture figure , that TLC ( some would Honey Boo Boo , err Thompson family their very own reality show : Here Comes Honey Boo Boo . And let ’ s be honest , who does n ’ t find this petite ( - ish ) pageant princess and her flatulent family fabulously fascinating ? It is worth noting that Alana Thompson ’ s mother , June Shannon , is a breakout star in her own right , farting freely and unabashedly admitting to giving young Honey Boo Boo the ‘ Go - Go Juice ’ and ‘ Pageant Crack ’ that she so desperately needs to fuel her little 6 - year - old body through the positively grueling demands of child beauty pageants . Best Known For : Honey Boo Boo is best known for her unrefined demeanor and hilarious appearance on TLC ’ s Toddlers & Tiaras , as well as her appearances on her very own TLC spin - off , Here Comes Honey Boo Boo . Alana ’ s sass , flash , and lack of class have made this child a star , honey . Personal Life : Alana may have made her fame as a ( self - proclaimed ) “ beauty queen , ” but in her free time , she likes to guzzle ‘ go - go - juice , ’ go extreme couponing with her family at The Piggly Wiggly , pick up a nice piece of road kill for a good ol ’ family cookout , or simply have a nice , muddy day taking care of her pet pig , Glitzy . Read More Click to Subscribe to Our HollywoodLife Daily Newsletter to get more celeb news . | [
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http://holodomor.ca/ | Holodomor Research and Education Consortium Research Education News and Announcements HREC Fellowship to Attend Genocide & Human Rights University Program Feb 20 , 2019 The Holodomor Research and Education Consortium of the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies , University of Alberta , announces the availability of a fellowship for an individual working in the field of Holodomor studies to attend the Genocide and Human Rights . . . read more HREC is Hiring a Part - time Web Developer Feb 19 , 2019 Position : Part - time Web Developer Faculty / Division : Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Department : Holodomor Research and Education Consortium Location : Toronto , Canada Description : The Holodomor Research and Education Consortium ( HREC ) is hiring a part - time web . . . read more Stanislav Kulchytsky : The Famine of 1932 - 1933 in Ukraine : An Anatomy of the Holodomor Nov 8 , 2018 Historian Stanislav Kulchytsky is touring Canada presenting his new book on the Holodomor , “ The Famine of 1932 - 1933 in Ukraine : An Anatomy of the Holodomor . ” Dr . Kulchytsky will speak in Ukrainian . PowerPoint slides containing a summary of his talk in . . . Upcoming Lecture : Dr . Iryna Skubii Feb 19 , 2019 The Material World of Ukrainian Children During the Holodomor and What Saved Children ’ s Lives Dr . Iryna Skubii Tuesday , February 26 , 2019 , 4 : 00 – 6 : 00 p.m. 1 Devonshire Place , Toronto | Room 108N Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy , University of . . . 2019 HREC Research Grants Competition Jan 23 , 2019 Deadline for submissions : March 1 , 2019 The Holodomor Research and Education Consortium ( HREC ) announces its 2019 Research Grants Competition . The grants are intended to support research that expands our understanding of the Holodomor , the publication of . . . HREC Announces the First Recipient of the Robert Conquest Prize for Contribution to Holodomor Studies : Dr . Lucien Bianco Oct 18 , 2018 The Holodomor Research and Education Consortium has initiated the “ Conquest Prize for Contribution to Holodomor Studies ” to award an author of an outstanding article published in English that contributes to a fuller understanding of the Famine in Ukraine of 1932 - 33 . . . . « Older Entries | [
"HREC"
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http://holsteinviolins.com/ | Traditional Violins Holstein Violins offers a new approach to string instrument wholesale Combining years of industry experience with years of professional musicianship Holstein Violins takes violin wholesale to another level of excellence After years of searching we have found the finest makers and are proud to offer this new line of Holstein Violins to shops around the country Give us a call and find out what sets Holstein Violins apart from the crowd | [
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http://holycommunion.net/ | Worship Schedule Sundays 800am Spoken Eucharist 1030am Holy Eucharist with Music Wednesdays 1210pm Midweek Eucharist Pledge Today Make a Pledge to support Holy Communion in 2019 during our Annual Campaign Click to pledge Get Connected Join us in conversation volunteering in working for justice or in worship Make connections All are welcome at Holy Communion Get Connected Whoever you are wherever you find yourself on the journey of faith you are welcome at Holy Communion Welcome to the online home of The Episcopal Church of the Holy Communion in University City Missouri We are glad you have found our website You are welcome to worship with us any Sunday of the year You can explore what a typical Sunday looks like at Holy Communion learn more about what we believe and our many programs Holy Communion is a welcoming and diverse community seeking to walk in the way of Jesus and to reveal Christs reconciling love in our city nation and world We are in the midst of living into our mission values and strategic goals for the coming years and were excited about the future Thank you for taking time to visit us online If you do join us in person I hope youll take a moment to introduce yourself to me or one of our many leaders In Christ The Rev Mike Angell Rector Sermons You can add us via RSS to your favorite service with this link Were also available on iTunes Oops we couldnt find that profile SoundCloudcom Cookie policy Whats new at Holy Communion Loading | [
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http://holycrossleonecenter.com/blog/the-most-common-reason-for-chronic-debilitating-hip-pain/ | The Most Common Reason for Chronic , Debilitating Hip Pain Hip pain is a common problem with many potential causes . Pain may be caused by problems with your hip joint , the muscles that support your hip joint , and / or diseases and conditions in other areas of your body . Many times , hip pain can be controlled with medication and physical therapy . For many people , though , pain may become chronic and disabling . The most common cause of chronic hip pain and disability is arthritis , including osteoarthritis , rheumatoid arthritis , and traumatic arthritis . Normally , all parts of your hip work in harmony , allowing you to move easily and without pain . Arthritis causes the cartilage that normally cushions the hip bones to become inflamed , wear away , or break , causing pain and stiffness . At The Leone Center for Orthopedic Care , we specialize in treating hip joint destruction due to arthritis . Many of our patients who were sidelined from the tennis court or golf course because of hip pain are now back in the game ! If you have any questions or want to share a positive experience about how hip replacement surgery has helped you , please leave a comment below . https : / / holycrossleonecenter . com / wp - content / uploads / 2010 / 01 / normal - hip . jpg 209 240 Dr . William Leone https : / / holycrossleonecenter . com / / wp - content / uploads / 2017 / 11 / Leone - Center - Logo @ 2x . png Dr . William Leone 2010 - 01 - 22 17 : 12 : 55 2018 - 12 - 14 15 : 14 : 14 The Most Common Reason for Chronic , Debilitating Hip Pain 210 replies Nicola Foster says : December 8 , 2013 at 3 : 40 pm Since very early childhood I have experienced severe hip and back ache that varies in intensity ; doctors have ran many tests but because no cause has been found they seem disinterested , despite also suffering from spina bifida occulta and slight scoliosis – I have put up with it for an extremely long time as generally it is a dull ache that I subside daily with anti - inflammatories , however every few months I have an unexplained flare up of debilitating pain that can travel into my legs and at it ’ s worse stop me from walking Thank you Debbie says : August 16 , 2014 at 2 : 12 am I have had pain in my right hip , in the center of my right buttock for a little over 4 years now . .i notice severe pain when driving long distances and i can not sleep on my right side , if i do it is only for a minute before the pain becomes unbearable . I have tolerated this nuisance without seeing a doctor because i was not completely uncomfortable and i figured it would just go away someday . Two days ago , the pain was so bad that i decided to go to a walk in Moselle August 5 , 2015 at 12 : 27 pm I meant to include that I have felt like I was sitting on bone at the bottom of my rear , primarily on the left but pain was also on the right . Could n ’ t sit or lue down . Sleep has been horrible . When raising the left leg from a prone position , about half way up it catches & hurts then mives on . It also catches bending forward & in trying to extend it backward . I told the doctors and other health experts this . This there may be a spasm . No Sharra January 24 , 2016 at 11 : 25 pm I know this messed is older but I have been dealing with this for a while … I was in a car accident which was the first time it started , as far as pain , that was in 2003 but the lain went away after I started doing water therapy … now 2014 I fell of my truck at work and it is back full force and I have had X - ray MRI and what not and they keep trying to tell me my body es are fine … I do understand your pain I have constantly ignored Teefah Cameron September 13 , 2014 at 2 : 11 am Hi my left hip has been causing me severe pain since i was about 10 or 11 years old . I am now 19 and the pain keeps getting worse . My hip always cracks when i move it and i ca n ’ t stand for long periods of time . It is also very hard for me to walk . I have a limp . I have had xrays and mris done and was told there was nothing wrong with me . They also told me that I need to exercise more . I recently started delivering newspapers holycrossleonecenter September 25 , 2014 at 9 : 10 am Dear Teefah , It is possible that your hip is causing the difficulties you are describing , but it also could be something masquerading as hip pathology . I recommend that you see an orthopedist who specializes in hip problems and has expertise in hip arthroscopy or joint preservation , perhaps even a pediatric orthopedist . That doctor will want to review any X - rays or MRIs you have had . The quality of X - rays and MRIs continues to improve so depending on when you last had these tests done , the doctor might want them repeated . A simple intra - articular injection with a local anesthetic might be appropriate to help determine if the problems and symptoms you ’ re having are originating from the hip . If the pain is relieved even for a few hours and you find you can walk much easier and not limp , it would Other important considerations include : * if the symptoms are in one hip or both * if you had hip problems as a baby * is there a history of hip problems with other family members * did symptoms start suddenly or after a particular activity or have they developed slowly * do certain positions make the symptoms worse and can you relieve your symptoms by doing something else , such as resting or assuming a particular position The history you can relate to your physician ultimately will help in figuring out exactly what is wrong and the treatment course . If it is determined that your difficulties are due to a hip problem , every effort should be made to resolve the problem without joint replacement . A logical conservative or even surgical treatment regime ca n ’ t be outlined until the diagnosis is understood . I wish you all the best in figuring out what is wrong and how to resolve it . Sincerely , Dr . William A . Leone Ron muzila September 13 , 2016 at 5 : 20 pm hello I ’ m a 61yr . White male . . Having pain in left hip area seems to be expanding into my upper left leg . . . The more I walk more pain sometimes ca n ’ t walk and ca n ’ t lay on left side also ca n ’ t stand long ? . . Had x - ray shows nothing ? But why do I have so much pain ! ! Please advise . . ? ? ? holycrossleonecenter September 26 , 2016 at 3 : 29 pm Dear Ron , While it ’ s still possible that the pain you are feeling in you hip and thigh is from hip pathology , which is not obvious on a plain X - Ray , it ’ s more probable the pain is being generated from another source . Classically , lower back pathology which results in lumbar nerve root irritation can generate the symptoms you are describing . I would suggest you discuss these concerns with you medical doctor . I also would consider being evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon . I wish you a full recovery . We thank you for your readership . If you would like a personal consultation , please contact our office at 954 - 489 - 4584 or by email at LeoneCenter @ Holy - cross . com . General comments will be answered in as timely a manner as possible . Cheryl November 3 , 2016 at 3 : 22 am Hello , I am writing in desperation ! I am a 40 year old female that has always been relatively active . I have suffered with periodic groin pain for well over 20 years . Many years back ( closer to te initial onset of symptoms ) I went to a dr . and was told that my groin was likely just inflamed and to treat with over the counter pain medication . Fast forward to about two years ago and my symptoms became much more severe . I ’ m in sales and often requires long days on my feet at trade shows or hauling around large heavy samples . Following trade shows , I would often find myself in such pain I could do nothing other than collapse at the end . I frequently would feel as if my hip would go out and often stumbled just trying to get up . After a couple of years , it was suggested to me that maybe the problem I was dealing with Since than , my pain is beyond tolerable , manageable , and completely debilitating ! I met with a highly regarded ortho surgeon here in Minneapolis and more X - rays were taken . It was his impression that “ it would be much better if what we were dealing with was just avn … ” He advised that the real issue that is causing such tremendous pain is that my hip joint is defective … that is the best way I can explain it . He said something about at a minimum wanting 30 % of something and I So anyway , my pain is literally often at a 12 our of 10 . I have been taking 6 Advil at a time and often stacking those with 4 - 6 Tylenol with absolutely zero relief . Today I finally called my ortho who prescribed me something called Tramadol 50 mg and I am still I am still in Absolutely excruciating pain . My ortho has determined I MUST have a hip replacement … had a CT scan done Monday to see if there is any slight chance of him doing a minimally invasive procedure … but suspects I At this point , I do n ’ t care if I need to be cut open for head to toe … I just need some relief . I am literally desperate and will do anything . Here is my question … my doctors scheduling nurse advised that they will not perform my surgery until 12 weeks out from cortisone injection ! That means that I will not be able to get my surgery until 3 / 19 ! ! ! ! I honestly do n ’ t know how I am going to survive with this excruciating amount of Please offer me some hope ? Do you think there is any chance that during my follow up on The 25th that my dr . might agree to move things up ? God … .I have never wanted something so desperately ! Thank you for any insight you can offer - Jim Bock November 12 , 2016 at 4 : 45 am I have the same thing only on my right hip area . abe wilcox November 16 , 2014 at 12 : 35 pm hi , I am a 39 yr old male and have been suffering with a right hip / knee problem for about 8 yrs or so . It has come and gone throughout the yrs but seems to be coming to a head as of recent and it is now hard to manage . Nothing in particular seems to be make it come and go . The pain is on my right side and starts at my hip ( and lower back ) and travels down to my knee . Years ago i would have this problem and would go Thanks , Abe Wilcox December 12 , 2014 at 10 : 19 am Dear Mr . Wilcox , It is critical that the underlying etiology of your symptoms is understood before a course of action or treatment plan can be designed . From the description of your symptoms , a problem with your lower back versus your hip must considered . Because both of your quad muscles develop a “ tense dull ache ” associated with tingling , it could be that a nerve or nerves in your back have been compromised . In fact , pathology in the lower back region is very common . I would recommend you seek a medical physician , an orthopedist who I wish you the best , Dr . William Leone Penny May 1 , 2015 at 11 : 28 pm I have been diagnosed with left hip disphlagia , fibromyalgia , rheumatoid arthritis and degeneration along with spinal stenosis . I ’ ve had hip / groin pain since 2009 that was just thought to be bursitis . Since my diagnosis one year ago , I ’ ve been experiencing shooting pain down my left leg to my knee and the top of my chin bone . Also my thigh muscles ache horribly . What ’ s wrong with me that the doctors are not finding May 13 , 2015 at 9 : 18 am Dear Penny , Your description of the pain radiating down your leg and into your knee is a common presentation of hip joint pathology . Many people also complain of thigh muscle discomfort . If these symptoms are originating from your hip , then I would expect them to be affecting your gait . A limp can be associated with “ shin ” pain due to the awkward or abnormal body mechanics placing increased stresses on muscles and fascia in the lower leg . Many patients describe this discomfort to me as “ shin splints . ” A lower back problem like spinal stenosis can mimic these same symptoms , so you need to find a doctor who can help you define the problem and isolate the main source of your symptoms . It ’ s possible that your symptoms are being caused by both hip and back pathology . Many patients who have been diagnosed with spinal stenosis have been treated with epidurals . If you ’ ve been treated with epidurals , it would be important to know if your symptoms were resolved after these injections , even if only temporarily . A hip injection I wish you the very best , Dr . William Leone Jamie June 14 , 2015 at 7 : 07 am I am a 27 year old female . I was recently diagnosed with CRPS but am unsure about it . Not necessarily because I am in denial . I am afraid of a misdiagnoses … ah well … I did not hurt myself at any point . No falls , no anything . It feels as if it just happened . I have had pain in my left hip / knee / back of knee / leg / ankle / heel / foot / toes coming and going for 1.5 years . It started in my hip . Pretty sure it started yeeeeaaaars ago as a mild uncomfortable feeling deep in the front part of my hip ( near groin ) . Chalked it up to my needing to stretch . Then over the course of 2013 , that mild uncomfortable feeling started to get worse . At the time , I had a personal trainer , was on my feet Spent couple of months bed ridden due to instant weakness of my leg . I could only pull my leg forward by inching my toes forward . Finally I went to a low cost / free hospital / clinic to get help because I had no insurance . It took months to receive the help I needed and by then , I was already starting to feel better . Physical therapy got me to walking again but remember feeling a weird feeling in my knee but ignored it . I remember mild inflammation in foot and ankle but it was so mild and would come and go that I figured it was irritation from my leg and not having walked on it for months and months . The pain in my hip had nearly gone away but not quite . All of a sudden it comes back and I rest in bed for 2 weeks . Felt like I might have done too much and agitated whatever the issue was . So , I called the orthopedist I originally had seen and went back for help a few weeks later Althoug , randomly ( after 2 weeks ) , the pain let off . Enough that I could walk again . The pain never went away and was still mild but a little worse than the first time I was walking . By the time I saw the Dr . Other than this , I had no pain or irritation anywhere else in my left leg . Out of no where ( for no reason ) the pain gets worse again but this time ( for the first time ) , it was n ’ t just my hip . It was all over my hip in certain places … It was my knee / foot / leg / ankle / heel / toes . This happened with 1 week left of my P.T . The severity of my symptoms comes and goes but never fully goes away . The pain in my hip is just pain . Sometimes I have mild tenderness but most of the time it is just pain . My thigh mildly aches and can be tender ( not to the touch ) but I think this could be due to radiating pain . My kneecaps are much looser than they should be . They always have been . Underneath my left kneecap , I always feel tenderness , it is always sore but severity comes and goes . Sensitive but not necessarily always painful . Sometimes I get mild swelling , mild heat with mild burning sensation and mild redness . Sometimes I have mild nerve pain in the back of my leg ( same area of leg where my kneecap is ) . Sometimes I do n ’ t but I always have tender pain in this area upon bending leg at My calf is always tender and becomes more tender going down the calf . It does n ’ t hurt when poked but I am more sensitive to touch the more I get poked down my calf . Discoloration ( pink , dark red ) upon standing or sitting but goes away when sitting with legs straight out in front of me or upon elevation . Sometimes my heel gets mildly swollen , red , warm and the skin looks shiny . Can be sensitive when I press on it . While sleeping ( when it is acting up ) I lift my leg up while sleeping ( due to being uncomfortle ) and I get this sharp intense pain that builds for a few seconds , hits its peak and goes down quickly and then I will be fine for hours . If acting up , may not happen while sleeping at all but could happen 1 - 4 times a night . My ankle is always sore and is tender . It does n ’ t hurt to the touch but is slightly more sensitive than my right ankle . It is definitely tender when I press on it . This also applies to the rest of my foot and toes . Sensitivity gets worse going along my foot towards my toes and my toes are the most sensitive . All of my ankle / foot / toes are always swollen but severity comes and goes . Never is my skin shiny . Sometimes my ankle / foot / toes are warm Also get occasional painless and mild twitches in my toes and foot . If I try to stand on my left leg , I feel lots of pressure and tingling with tenderness and pain . It does n ’ t feel like nerve pain , though . I do get stiffness in my entire leg that is worse in the morning and gets better throughout the day . The severity of it comes and goes . Always have some sort of stiffness in ankle and toes . Alongside of this , I have had upper body chronic pain since I was 19 . It has gotten significantly better throughout the years . The pain I feel is nothing like my left hip / leg . This pain in my upper body is accumulative . My upper body always feels exhausted . The best way that I can describe it is that feeling one gets when they hold their arm out for a very long time while hold something in their hand that has mass . They keep holding their hand out and over time , their arm will feel more and more exhausted . Then there is a mild sore , achey , tender feeling that slowly comes on and intensifies . This is how my upper body feels I am afraid that I will never walk again . I would do almost anything to walk and lay on my side . June 24 , 2015 at 9 : 15 am Dear Jamie , I am so sorry to learn that you are suffering and feeling so disabled . Due to the myriad of symptoms you describe , I do n ’ t feel that hip or knee disease is your primary problem . I would recommend a though rheumatologic work - up . Many times , the tests are not specific even though there is a distinct autoimmune problem . New classes of biologic medicines have been developed to help people with these conditions . It would be appropriate to discuss this with your physician or rheumatologist as soon as possible . You describe most of your symptoms occurring in one of your lower extremities and not both . This is a clue . I think a diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome or Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy strongly has to be considered also , especially if your rheumatologic work - up is negative . I would seek out a pain management specialist with a particular interest / expertise in this area . Treatment with precisely placed injections or blocks can be effective when combined with physical therapy . I wish you the best of luck with your difficult problem . Mary Wallace June 26 , 2015 at 7 : 16 pm I am a 48 year old female with severe left hip pain . The more I stand or walk the worse it gets . Feels like bone rubbing on bone . Went to a pine specialist who did an MRI that showed nothing wrong with my back , nothing . The left hip pain radiates down the left outer thigh ( no pain in back or buttock ) and never radiates to the other side . I have been to physical therapy which were mostly low back issues with no relief . I do have a lipoma on my lower July 2 , 2015 at 9 : 20 am Dear Mary , From what you describe , it sounds like your pain and disability is from your hip and not your back . I would suggest you see a physician who will examine and X - ray your hip . It ’ s always useful to obtain an X - ray of your entire pelvis ( AP pelvis ) so the left hip can be compared to the right hip on the same film . If your hip exam is positive and the X - rays demonstrate pathology , it might not be necessary to have any further tests . If obvious A course of action or treatment plan ca n ’ t be developed until a clear diagnosis is made . I wish you the very best , Dena February 23 , 2016 at 6 : 15 pm I have had the EXACT same problem … just had an injection in my back ( nerve block ) and it helped the nerve pain but I am still unable to walk without excruciating pain in my right hip , I have to limp when walking and have been off work since Nov . 2015 . I am so frustrated that with all the specialists I have seen and all the tests ( mri , xrays , injection , ) that I have no relief . The only time my hip is ok is when I am at rest . I need HELP ! ! I want to go back to work ! ! Liz July 4 , 2015 at 4 : 47 am I am a 50 year old female . For the last two years off and on I have had what feel like a loss of functioning or strength in my legs . I fell off my bike and it was a strange fear I had because I had no strength in my legs to get up . I had to push myself to get up . This has happened A more in the last year . This last week I am having pain in my hips when I stand up , lay down and walk . I did ask my Dr 6 months ago what it was and he said inflammation from the food I eat . The weakness in my legs really worries me . Can you give me some advise on this ? thanks Liz July 9 , 2015 at 11 : 35 am Dear Liz , I am sorry to learn that you are struggling . From your description , I suspect a neurologic problem might be causing these symptoms . One main clue is that both legs are involved and your main complaint seems to be the progressive loss of strength , particularly in the leg muscles that are closest to your torso . The problem could be coming from pathology in your spine compromising your nerves or nerve roots , or from a primary nerve problem or condition . Muscular dystrophy also must be ruled out . A hip problem does have to be I wish you the best . George July 10 , 2015 at 8 : 02 am I sustained a cycling injury 27 months ago , and still have not had it sorted . It was a period of time where I was doing a lot more training , and this increase in distance and severity was very sudden . I also made a change to my bike set up during this time : I changed my stem so it was 3 cm longer , which was , thinking back , too much of a stretch and put me in too much of a flexed position on the bike . On one of my rides I started getting tightness and pain in my right hip , so I decided to give the bike a rest for a week , which I did . I tried a few times during that week to go back on the bike , but each time within a few minutes I would have to stop as this movement of the hips / legs was too painful . However , I had no pain off the bike . After a week ’ s rest , I tried once more to ride , but after just 20 seconds the pain came on a lot lot stronger than before , which put me in severe pain and barely able to walk for a few months . After this , I remained in pain , but could do some walking . On 16 April this year I had surgery for Gilmore ’ s Groin , but after surgery it turned out I did n ’ t have Gilmore ’ s Groin after all . Things have got worse since then . I am now at the stage where I can barely walk , and I use crutches because of the right hip pain . I have been seeing various people through the NHS for 2 years ( orthopeadic , rheumatology , vascular and physio people , all to no avail : so far , nothing has been detected on either ultrasound or MRI scans ) . My right hip snaps when I flex the leg and then extend it , and it is also extremely tight when doing hip flexor or iliopsoas stretches , compared to my left side . The symptoms I get are pain at the front of the hip , in the groin and sometimes down my buttock and front of the thigh into the knee . Things that make it worse are any flexion of my hip , such as climbing stairs or putting socks / shoes on . I ’ m wondering if the overuse I did in cycling and not stretching at all , combined with the more flexed position on the bike , created a problem with my hip flexors or iliopsoas tendon / muscle ? I have done research on it and it is as if it was written about me . August 3 , 2015 at 8 : 14 am Dear George , From the symptoms you describe , iliopsoas tendonitis has to be considered . However , from my experience , your present symptoms seem more disabling than just the result of that condition . Because your symptoms significantly worsened after your April surgery , further injury or nerve entrapment to the inguinal area and fascial confluence has to be considered . I ’ m assuming you ’ ve had extensive imaging studies including X - rays and an MRI which , to date , have not revealed a diagnosis . Specifically , a hip arthrogram with MRI may be illustrative . I would be particularly interested in the condition and symmetry of your right hip , iliopsoas tendon bursa and psoas muscle as compared to your left . I would consider having a through urologic exam . Selective pain injections , including an intra - articular hip injection , also should be considered . The hope is that they can help I wish you the best in solving this difficult problem . Sammi July 10 , 2015 at 10 : 25 am I need help . My fiance has had a very dull pain in his hip for two days . Nothing major . Than the other night he woke up in such excruciating pain . He can hardly bear weight , he can not lay comfortably , he can hardly sleep , and he ca n ’ t move his leg much . We went into the ER and they told him they THINK it ’ s just inflammation . They did n ’ t do any tests or scans . They told him to take hydrocodone and naproxen . Neither August 3 , 2015 at 8 : 17 am Dear Sammi , I think finding the etiology is very important . First , it must be determined if the pain and symptoms are truly from the hip and not another etiology . Infection , occult fracture and an intra - articular hip mechanical etiology all must be considered , if it is from the hip . I would suggest following up with an orthopedist , preferably one with a special interest in problems associated with the hip . The best of luck to your fiancé , Jen July 13 , 2015 at 7 : 25 am Desperate need of advice ! First , let me say I am only 28 weigh 150 & 5 ’ 11 . However , for the past 4 years my lower back has been a major problem that prohibits bending over . Currently , for the past 2 years my hips hurt so bad it ’ s unreal . When I can finally stretch completely out my hips pop , and if I cross my ankles my lower back pops . On mornings when I ca n ’ t stand up I have to bend my back / hips down until they release so I can August 3 , 2015 at 8 : 16 am Dear Jen , I think you need a through medical workup to define if your disability is from your back or hips , or from a more general “ systemic ” problem with your tissues or immune system . This does require access to good medical care and most likely a specialist . I do n ’ t know from what country you are writing , but the strategy must be to “ get into the system ” so you can avail yourself of this care . The problem ca n ’ t be solved until it is understood . That being said The best of luck to you Marcie July 25 , 2015 at 3 : 16 pm I am a 50 year old female . .Starting late June I developed hip / groin pain on my right side which is steadily worsening . It seems to ease somewhat when I walk but does not go away . It worsens by the end of the day to the point that it hurts doing nothing . The pain goes from my groin to above my hip . I have had xrays and an mri on my hip revealing nothing . I also had a cat scan for abdominal pain about 2 weeks before the hip pain started . One August 5 , 2015 at 10 : 07 am Dear Marcie , The fact that your hip X - rays and MRI were read as “ normal ” does suggest that there is n ’ t anything wrong with your hip . Typically , hip pain does not radiate up from the groin but rather down . It might be worth it to have an orthopedic surgeon examine you , if you still are concerned that the pain is originating from your hip . Many times I find hip pathology during a patient ’ s exam even though the standard images that a patient provided to me failed to show that pathology I wish you well , diane August 3 , 2015 at 12 : 26 am I have been having severe chronic low back aches along with severe aching in my groin area . Standing and walking eases the ache ; but sitting and especially lying down makes the pain unbearable . I can not lie in any position without severe aching . What can this be ? August 5 , 2015 at 10 : 04 am Dear Diane , Although hip disease classically presents with groin pain , many times it does not . Lower back pathology can also create groin pain . If the etiology is from intra - articular hip pathology , then I would expect weight - bearing activities such as walking and standing to make the pain worse not better . Sitting or lying down might be increasing lumbar nerve root compression which would help explain why your symptoms are exacerbated . I think a thorough back workup is indicated . A simple image of your pelvis will give a lot of information and help rule out hip disease . I would suggest seeing an orthopedic specialist who can help you sort out the etiology of your symptoms and develop a treatment plan for you . I wish you the best , Ann August 7 , 2015 at 9 : 55 pm I have severe hip osteoarthritis and bone spurs . A month ago I had a cortisone injection in my hip which relieved a great deal of my pain . In the past week I have experienced sharp pains in my upper thigh while walking . It is now more difficult to walk than before the injection . Has anyone else experienced this ? August 18 , 2015 at 11 : 26 am Dear Ann , A cortisone injection may relieve joint pain temporarily but will not cure the underlying condition or change the unfortunate natural progression of the arthritis . Many patients with hip arthritis experience sharp thigh pain , especially when walking . Some people do experience increased symptoms after an injection due to the trauma caused by the actual injection . Injecting a hip joint can be much more difficult than injecting other joints like the knee or shoulder because the potential space where the needle must be inserted is much smaller or “ tighter . ” This situation often is more difficult If you have severe hip arthritis and are no longer getting desired relief with conservative measures like a cortisone injection , I would suggest that you discuss with your doctor if you are a candidate for a total hip replacement . Rayanna Posney October 13 , 2015 at 5 : 01 pm I am only 17 , but for the past 2 1 / 2 years , i ’ ve had problems with my hips hurting . I sprained my ankle in 7th grade ( 5 years ago ) and went to the doctors and they said that the outer tendons on my ankles were longer than they should be , so they sent me to a specialist . A year later , my knees started to give me problems ( knock - kneed ) and they started to hurt when I walked . it ’ s been two and a half October 19 , 2015 at 1 : 21 pm Dear Rayanna , Many young people experience significant , lower - extremity joint pain during their teenage years because their bodies are growing so quickly . This may be what ’ s causing your pain or at least adding to it . It sounds like you have genu valgus or knock - knees . This condition can put abnormal stresses on your hips and ankles . The altered mechanics can lead to lateral or outer hip pain causing greater trochanteric bursitis . I would suggest a physical conditioning program that emphasizes stretching and strengthening without causing pain in your hips or knees . I also suggest that you see and orthopedic doctor to help you better understand what ’ s happening and how best to treat it . I wish you all the best . Dan Danowski October 13 , 2015 at 8 : 36 pm I fell at work three years ago . Messed up my back , sholuder , hip and arm . I have had therapy , surgeries and injections . Nothing worked , My pain is in my hip , pelvis , back and left butt cheek . I have burning and constant pain 24 / 7 . Do not want to do this anymore , unbearable . Can I kill nerves from my waste down on left side ? Would rather be in wheel chair than feel pain all the time . October 19 , 2015 at 1 : 16 pm Dear Dan , I am so sorry to learn of the difficult time you are having . It ’ s critical to focus your efforts on learning the primary source of you symptoms . The limited description you gave suggests a neurologic etiology from your back . If this is true , then full therapeutic energies need to be directed to this source . If it is determined that your symptoms can not be relieved with nonsurgical or surgical treatments , then an implantable pain pump and / or stimulator is a consideration . I wish you relief and a full recovery . Lauren October 14 , 2015 at 12 : 04 pm I am a 27 year old female with severe pain in my outer hips , going on 1.5 years now . Two orthopedists have told me I ’ m “ too young to have hip problems ” , although two Physician Assistants I ’ ve seen diagnosed it as trochanteric bursitis , which makes sense because that ’ s exactly where the pain is . They then did cortisone injections into the bursae , which made me pain free for 3 - 4 months at a time . My pain is now back and debilitating 6 months after my last Lauren October 14 , 2015 at 12 : 13 pm Continuing from my post above , the pain seems to be brought on / made much worse by sitting up straight at work . On the weekends when I ’ m moving around or laying down , the pain is not as bad . Additionally , aleve and ibuprofen do nothing for the pain . October 19 , 2015 at 1 : 18 pm Dear Lauren , Often a diagnosis of greater trochanteric bursitis is made when pain develops on the lateral or outside aspect of the hip . The trochanteric bursa is a normal structure that separates the outer aspect of the upper femur or greater trochanter from overlaying soft tissue and muscle . It can become inflamed and painful and form a “ bursitis ” from a number of causes . Some include overuse or repetitive activity , direct trauma , or even prolonged pressure . Altered body mechanics also can lead to bursitis because the overlaying tissue abnormally rubs against the greater trochanter . The fact that both of your hips have developed lateral recurrent pain that was temporarily relieved after a cortisone injection does make the case for greater trochanteric bursitis being the correct diagnosis . Ruling out an underlying intra - articular hip etiology as well as back pathology as the etiology would appropriate , particularly with the condition ’ s chronicity . Assuming that other causes are ruled out , then focusing on conditions or factors that may be causing or exacerbating your bursitis , you should look carefully at activities or particular body positions that are irritating and then avoid them . If pain increases , it ’ s being further aggravated . Physical conditioning and weight loss ( if appropriate ) becomes an absolute prerequisite for resolution . Modalities such as ice or heat and NSAIDs also may be appropriate . Having your back , knees and ankles / feet evaluated as part of the over - all work - I wish you the very best . wowo October 15 , 2015 at 6 : 51 pm I had back surgery L5 l4 s3 something like that . My back pain is still there but not as painful as it was . Now my hips on both sides are very painful especially in the morning when I frist try to get out of the bed . I also feel tingling down my thighs and legs . If I try to reach above my head the pain is there when I bend down it hurts . what could my problem it getting worse . I had a mri on my back and they said my S2 S3 is October 26 , 2015 at 9 : 09 am Dear Fisheriamblessed , From your limited description , I suspect the symptoms you ’ re experiencing in both hips are referred pain from continued back pathology . I would suggest you discuss your symptoms and concerns further with your spine surgeon and also your therapist , if one is still involved . I also would emphasis physical strengthening and conditioning . I wish you a full recovery . We thank you for your readership . If you would like a personal consultation , please contact our office at 954 - 489 - 4584 or by email at LeoneCenter @ Holy - cross . com . General comments will be answered in as timely a manner as possible . wendy November 10 , 2015 at 3 : 05 pm i have been having lots of pain in my right hip and lower back i also get pins and needles and cramp in my feet nothing found on mri or x ray pain get worse on walking and can only walk a short distance or i am in severe pain doctor said i have limited movement in my right hip why is nothing showing up November 24 , 2015 at 1 : 29 pm Dear Wendy , Your description of “ pins and needles ” discomfort suggests a neurologic etiology . Your limited ability to walk may be from hip or back pathology and / or another cause . If your physician found your hip motion “ limited ” and suspects hip pathology , you might consider a diagnostic hip injection test . If a local anesthetic is injected into the hip joint and pain is relieved temporarily , it would suggest that the pain is being caused by a hip intra - articular problem . On the other hand , if lower back pathology is more strongly suspected , especially with negative X - rays and MRI of your hip , then I would suggest a full back work - up including an MRI . If a specific area of the spine is suspected , similarly a selective injection may give insight as to where your pain is emanating from . Amelia November 10 , 2015 at 3 : 50 pm I am 31 years old . Pain started in my right hip about 5 - 6months ago . At that point the pain seemed to come and go , seemed more severe around my monthly , so I paid no attention and took as much otc as I could till it went away . Then a month after all the pain started it was in both hips simultaneously . Now For the past 3 months plus the pain has not gone away . I can not stand for long periods of time , in fact I came home from work November 24 , 2015 at 1 : 25 pm Dear Amelia , It is important that you understand the etiology of your hip pain . Although your hip pain may be from a hip problem , not infrequently it can originate from another source . A lower back etiology has to be considered as well as pelvic pathology , or and autoimmune problem like rheumatoid arthritis . I ’ ve had female patients report increased hip symptoms during their menstrual cycle which I believe this is caused by hormonal cycles exacerbating a synovitis . I believe this could be a clue as both of your hips are affected . I would recommend that you discuss your symptoms with you PCP . He or she may initiate a work - up to determine the diagnosis and treatment options . If this broader work - up does not elucidate the diagnosis , I would suggest that you see an orthopedic specialist . I wish you a full and speedy recovery . Dr . William Leone Jasmine November 14 , 2015 at 3 : 05 am Dr . Leon , My name is Jasmine and I am 23 years old and weigh 215lbs 5 “ 7 . I have been experiencing pain In my right outer hip / buttock for 2 years now only when I sleep on my side or put pressure on my right side and now it ’ s getting annoying and feels like a bruise I ca n ’ t stop touching . It ’ s now starting to hurt on my left side now … I know I ’ m overweight but even when I was 30lbs lighter this was happening . Any advice ? Thanks December 11 , 2015 at 9 : 41 am Dear Jasmine , Most likely what you are experiencing is coming from a lower back etiology and not your hips . Significant weight loss and conditioning is paramount . Out - patient physical therapy to learn an appropriate exercise , stretching and strengthening program may also be helpful . If your symptoms do n ’ t improve , I would suggest seeing an orthopedic surgeon who will help define the exact problem and suggest and appropriate plan . Nikie November 18 , 2015 at 12 : 16 am Dr . Leone , I am a 27 year old female who has recently ( the last 3 or 4 months ) has been suffering from severe and intermittent pain in the right hip . It comes on without warning and goes quite quickly ( within about 1 min ) . The pain is similar to , although more intense than , the feeling a person gets just before their hip pops , which usually relieves the pain but mine wont pop . I got my drivers license in June and am wondering if the two may be related as Thank you in advance , Nikie December 11 , 2015 at 9 : 52 am Dear Nikie , From the description of your symptoms , it does sound as if the problem is coming from your hip and not another area . I would suggest that you be evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon who will help define the precise etiology . Once again from your description , an intra - articular hip etiology such as a labral tear must be considered . I wish you all the best , Jeffrey Schaffer November 19 , 2015 at 2 : 56 pm In November 2014 , I went to Disney World a suffered extreme pain in my hips after walking for about 10 minutes . I ’ d sit down or stop walking and the pain would go away . When I would start walking again , the pain would return after about 5 minutes . For the next year , I would develop severe hip pain after walking continuously for about 10 minutes . . I went to an orthopedic surgeon and he said that he did n ’ t see anything on X - Ray . He said that it In November of 2015 , I went to Disney again and the severe pain returned after about 10 minutes of walking . Same thing happened the following week when I went on my first cruise . When I returned , I went to my Family Physician who is sending me for an abdominal duplex vascular ultrasound ( aorta Illiac ) for a possible evaluation of Claudication . My test is tomorrow . I have been a paramedic for 39 years . On Monday , I came home from the firehouse and got on a treadmill for 20 minutes . However , I did the treadmill in my bedroom slippers . The next morning ( and ever since ) I have SEVERE pain in my right hip and slightly down into my calf every time I go to my feet from a sitting or lying position . This pain is new . It lasts for about 30 - 45 seconds and goes away after I limp around for about 5 - 10 steps Karen November 21 , 2015 at 12 : 08 am I was diagnosed with Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome at 24yo following a severe DVT that completely occluded my leg from the groin down . I spent a few weeks in the hospital with the goal being to properly anticoagulate me , wait for the clot to breakdown , avoid a PE ( not successful on that score ) and avoid having to have my entire left leg amputated . An active career woman in great shape , I was shocked at the diagnosis , but was determind to follow my hemonc ’ s instructions to the letter regarding taking my coumadin Fast forward twenty - two years to late 2014 . I developed my six DVT , again as always in my left leg ; however , something was very different and very wrong . The pain was excruciating compared to my other DVTS , my calf was swelling to proportions that are n ’ t found in nature and I had this overwhelming sense of dread . Being an expert on when things start going wrong in that leg , I went immediately to my PCP . He sent me to my vascular surgeon for a duplex ultrasound which was This brings us to today , November 20 , 2015 . I am in pain twenty - four hours a day . I was advised by my PCP , hemonc , vascular surgeon and neurologist , that my working days were over and I should file for disability . I held out six months using the compression pump , wearing my stockings while on my feet , watching what I eat , taking my coumadin and getting frequent INRs as I am an occasional “ coumadin failure patient ” and spending time in the pool to help provide some relief of pain , pressure , heaviness and itching in the left leg . I stubbornly thoughtthat as a former athlete I could overcome the problem . As intelligent as I am , that was clearly not my best move . Not only has the problem become worse , my I have developed hard , flaky and discolored skin on my left leg . And now , I have developed my first ulcer despite being a great patient and following instructions to the letter . Most days I need a walker for short distances . If I want to take my children to a museum or ballpark , I have to go in a wheelchair with elevating legs with pillows for comfort . I have been unable to leave my house for almost four weeks due to the debilitating pain and inability to stand still or walk more than 100 So here are the options as I see them . ( 1 ) I move up to the next class of pain relief … Dilaudid or Fentanyl patches , and pray it is years before that no longer works and my ulcer heals ; OR ( 2 ) convince the doctors that amputating my leg would greatly reduce my pain ( yes , I know about the potential for phantom pain , but I will gladly take that risk over actual , unrelenting pain ) , improve my overall health , ditch the lymphadema pump treatments and potentially remove four I would appreciate your opinion on the two options I have listed above … or your own option if you have a better idea . I am desperate to live a normal , pain free life that I can actually live again . I can not work . I can not cook . I can not do laundry . I can not clean the floors or the bathrooms . I can not buy groceries . I can no longer volunteer . I have had my professional and personal identities stolen by this disease . All I do is prop , Appreciatively , Karen / Atlanta December 11 , 2015 at 9 : 43 am Dear Karen , Your story almost brought me to tears . It sounds like everyone has done everything right and that you have been a model patient . Many years ago as a chief orthopedic resident , I vividly recall a professor telling me one evening before he went home ( and I was left “ senior ” man holding the torch until morning ) , “ Sometimes it is better to save the life and not the limb . ” I honestly do n ’ t know what your best choice is , but if I were you , I would learn all I could about what you can expect if indeed your leg was removed . I wish you only the very best , Dr . William Leone December 11 , 2015 at 9 : 55 am Dear Jeffrey , Your physician is evaluating you for vascular claudication . This absolutely is appropriate , particularly considering your genetics and past history . Neurogenic claudication should also be considered and I would also recommend a back work - up looking for possible pathology that may also be adding to your symptoms . NotSure November 22 , 2015 at 6 : 26 pm Hi , I ’ m a very active 40 - year - old woman . I exercise most days a week , mainly with dance , bodyweight training , and flexibility classes . For more than 20 years , I have had a snapping sensation in my right hip , but it was never a big problem except when my hip would seem to go out of place a bit and I needed to shake it back into a normal , non - painful position . The training I ’ ve been doing in the last 18 months has strengthened my muscles Recently though , I ’ ve started having pain in my hips . First , I experienced a sudden , intensely painful spasm in the back of my upper right thigh , which seemed to match up with sciatica symptoms That pain mostly disappeared in a couple of weeks , but since then I ’ ve had two bouts of pain in my left hip , that begin with spasms while sitting or lying down . The spasm starts in the outside of the hip , and hurts intensely when sleeping or not very active . It improves with moderate I do n ’ t have much lower back pain and do a lot of strengthening exercises , but due to a car accident five years ago , my spine was left straighter than it should be and the sacrum had locked up at the time . Whether from this or from the pre - existing right hip issue , my hips are apparently uneven . I can see it myself when trying to pull my knees to the chest ( the right one ca n ’ t come straight in , but has to open out to the side Do you think it ’ s likely that the recent bouts of hip pain are related to a pre - existing physical problem , or could it just be muscular , provoked by the moderate splits and back flexibility training I ’ m doing ? I ’ m not currently seeing a doctor since the pain has been passing fairly quickly , but I just do n ’ t know if this seems like a problem that is likely to keep reoccurring or even worsen . Thanks so much for any input . December 11 , 2015 at 9 : 54 am Dear Notsure , I suspect that your symptoms are related to your long - standing back pathology coupled with chronically altered alignment and pelvic obliquity with contracture possibly being further exacerbated from your current exercise regime . You might consider changing your workout or simply stopping for several weeks to see if your symptoms improve . If they persist , my advice would be to see an orthopedic surgeon who can assess both your back and hips to better pinpoint the source of your symptoms so that a treatment regime can be developed . I wish you well . Sandra November 26 , 2015 at 8 : 46 pm I was on a diet and started to walk on my lunch hour for about three weeks wearing flat shoes not sneakers . After the three weeks I decided to walk at my local park and on the 2nd day noticed my hip started hurting , I thought maybe I did n ’ t stretch enough . I continued walking about 5 more time then realized the pain started going down my leg and into my foot causing numbness . I had a previous car accident 5 years ago and had my L4 and L5 discs bulging as a result December 18 , 2015 at 11 : 25 am Dear Sandra , Your situation is confusing . Returning to your rheumatologist for further testing seems reasonable to more fully define if you do have an underlying autoimmune condition . I also would recommend that you discuss your symptoms with your primary care physician , who can help determine why you are anemic and may have other thoughts about the inconsistent ANA . Possibly , this is all related . The symptoms you developed after walking sound radicular from a lower back etiology . I would have expected these symptoms to have improved , at least temporarily , from the injections you ’ ve been given and the steroids you took by mouth . I think formal physical therapy is reasonable . I would consider returning to your orthopedist to re - evaluate your joints , especially considering your lack of improvement with the treatment administered , thus far , directed at your spine . I wish you a full and satisfactory recovery . Stephanie November 28 , 2015 at 12 : 59 am I am 35 years old , and suffering pain in my lower right back , hip , groin , and now it has spread into the front of my body between my hip bone and pelvis . I did suffer a very traumatic fall about 3 years ago , where an MRI revealed 2 herniated discs . I was advised to stop physical activity for about 3 months and then I could proceed as usual . The pain initially was so extremely unbearable , it was like an electric shock throughout my entire body any time my right leg was December 18 , 2015 at 11 : 29 am Dear Stephanie , I would recommend you have your spine re - evaluated . Your symptoms very well may be related to your past spine injury and now you could be experiencing further nerve root irritation and compromise . Sincerely , Shree December 7 , 2015 at 3 : 05 am My boyfriend is 45 and he has been having this pains in his hip like a burning sunsetin in his right hip and on his right thigh feel numbness and on the bottom of his right foot he get this stabbing needle feeling what is wrong with me December 18 , 2015 at 11 : 28 am Dear Shree , I suspect your boyfriend is having radicular pain from a lower back source . I would suggest he start his investigation by seeing a doctor who will specifically evaluate his lower back . Good luck , Judy Schafer December 8 , 2015 at 3 : 47 pm I am 60 yrs old . about 6 months ago after a tennis match , I had some throbbing in my front thigh . Then symptoms moved to groin / psoas , lower back , hip , butt , and down leg . Had xrays , mri . Primary said i had a little artritis according to xray and my symptoms kind of sound like a pinched nerve . 1He prescribed antiinflammatory then physical therapy . After 6 sessions of phsical therapy went to orthopedic and he did the mri and said results showed a cyst and small tear on December 18 , 2015 at 11 : 22 am Dear Judy , In my experience , hip symptoms often develop suddenly and worsen quickly . This is in direct contrast to knee arthritic symptoms for which I typically see a slow progressive demise over a long time period . Also , I see hip symptoms develop suddenly with a steep downhill course in people who are active and in shape . I do n ’ t know why this is but I suspect it ’ s because their strong body conditioning protected the joint and improved body mechanics for as long as it could , before the joint wore down . I wish you a full and speedy recovery . sandy December 9 , 2015 at 11 : 21 am Hi I had a hip injury back in 2004 and for about two years my hip pop when I walked , Now I am having problems that if I sit down for two long it hurts to stand and takes me a while before I can walk straight . { I have early arthritis in my both ankles and knees and shoulders and wrist } they believe related to a injury I a stained in 2007 from a 18 wheeler accident . Now I am having problems when I first wake up every morning to even walk . I try not to sit on the floor for fear I can not get back up , the pain is there all day in my hip and the inside of my foot . I do n ’ t want to be on pain meds and what I take occasionally is Aleve what can I do ? December 18 , 2015 at 11 : 27 am Dear Sandy , Your history suggests degenerative osteoarthritis in your hip , probably secondary to the trauma sustained in years past . I would recommend that you be evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon , preferably one with a particular expertise in hip replacement surgery . I wish you a full and satisfactory recovery . Mary December 10 , 2015 at 4 : 58 pm I am only 17 and for years now I ’ ve been dealing with major back pain , migraines , hip pain . recently I was laying down on my back with my knees bent so that my feet were flat on the floor , I tried to get up and found excruciating pain around the left side of my tail bone and I could n ’ t move , when I did manage to stand up I could n ’ t straighten up I had to call a friend over to help me . It was more than an hour before I could walk with tolerable pain . I know my mom ’ s side of the family runs with severe rheumatoid authoritis and know it is possible for me to have developed juvenile authoritis at such a young age but what can I do to ease the pain so I can at least walk ? Its gotten to where I ’ ve taken 4 - 5 pills that are 250mg of Acetaminophen , 250mg of Aspirin , and 65mg of Caffeine with no effect on my headaches and other pains December 18 , 2015 at 11 : 23 am Dear Mary , I suggest you share your concerns with you mom . It ’ s troubling for one so young to be experiencing all this pain and to be taking so many medications . I would recommend a medical work - up with your personal physician that includes testing for an autoimmune inflammatory disease like JRA , considering your family history and your specific apprehension . I wish you good health , ElizabethS December 11 , 2015 at 1 : 27 pm I am 48 . About 15 years ago I started getting what felt like severe cramps in my hip joints . Several years later I was diagnosed with degenerative disc disease . About 5 years ago I started having mild sciatica , which has progressed to severe over the last several years . I go in every 90 days for injections in my spine and that does bring some relief to the leg and foot pain from the sciatica , but does not help with the lower back pain . Over the course of the last year I started having 3 months ago my spine doc cauterize do the nerve branches at L4 and L5 . The sciatica went completely away , and the hip pained lessened by about 30 % . Unfortunately the relief only lasted about 70 days . Now the pain in my hips is so bad it feels like I have been stabbed with large spikes in each hip anytime I bend forward – even slightly , for more than 30 seconds . I assumed the hip problems were related to my spine , but my PT suspects it ’ s a separate issue . The December 28 , 2015 at 9 : 17 am Dear Elizabeth , I would be suspicious that your symptoms are mainly from your back condition . Seeing an orthopedic surgeon to also evaluate your hips shows sound judgment . If you are this disabled from your lower back pathology and did get significant , though temporary , relief with nerve “ ablation ” therapy , then it may be time to see a spine surgeon and find out what options and treatments can be offered . I would seek several opinions . I wish you a full recovery . Bettina December 11 , 2015 at 2 : 18 pm Hello , I am a 20 year old female who had had problems with both hips since age 17 . Primarily my left hip gives me the most problems , where as the other is a dull pain occasionally . When sitting up , sitting on the ground , or twisting in the wrong way I have excruciating shooting pain . The pain almost makes my hip feel like it is locked in that position until I have to find a gentle way to move myself out of it . The pain is very sharp and unexpected , and shoots out of I tend to sleep on my side , and most of my weight is carried around my glutes , so I do n ’ t know if that is part of the problem ? December 28 , 2015 at 9 : 14 am Dear Bettina , The etiology of your problem needs to be determined so a treatment plan can be created . Your description suggests hip ( s ) instability . Labral pathology has to be considered . If you do have a significant problem with you hips , it is better that you treat these sooner rather than later because more joint destruction will occur with time and the treatment outcome will become less certain . I would suggest you seek the advice and direction of an orthopedic surgeon , preferably one who has a special interest in hips and arthroscopy . mira December 13 , 2015 at 6 : 10 pm Please I need help … .I am 30 weeks pregnant and from 3 weeks I have pain in my left hip going down to the knee sometimes … but only when I try to walk … not when I sit , lay down or stand still ( maybe is because I consciously put more of my weight on the good , right leg ) . I can not lift my left leg at all – when I keep it straight - in laying position , but I can bend the knee . I feel a little doll pain the left buttock all the time . When I am limping or try to walk all the femoral and other muscle and nerves around the hip become stiff and I feel pain at the iliopsoas muscle and in front mid knee cap . I am doing chiropractic exercises 3 times a week with a doctor ( she does also acupuncture sometime to me on the stiff muscles ) but I see no improvement . Thank you . December 28 , 2015 at 9 : 19 am Dear Mira , I suspect your pain is sciatic from irritated lumber nerve roots . A primary hip problem also has to be considered . I suggest you be evaluated by an orthopedist . During an appointment , a decision may be made not to have X - rays done to prevent your baby from being exposed . You also may benefit from physical therapy . I also think NSAIDs and / or an injection may not be appropriate considering your pregnancy . Hopefully as your baby moves its position in your uterus , your symptoms may lessen or resolve . More probably I wish you and your family the best . Diana December 13 , 2015 at 7 : 54 pm Mid - hip pain – both sides – started this year . Pretty severe . Feels inflamed . Only happens when I am sitting forward ( forearms on thighs ) . Takes a minute to stand up straight – some popping sounds . Pain goes away after walking a minute , or sitting back , or sitting with my legs straight and spread apart . Had a spinal MRI a few years ago . No real issues . Had a hip X - ray around same time . Was told I had mild arthritis . I had no hip pain December 28 , 2015 at 9 : 15 am Dear Diana , I would suggest you have your hip re - evaluated , including repeat X - rays . It may prove valuable to compare the most recent ones to those taken several years ago . If the situation still is not clear , you might consider a hip “ pain ” injection test to learn how much of the symptoms disappear ( though temporarily ) when the inside of the joint ( intra - articular ) is anesthetized with a local anesthetic . I wish you good luck and a full recovery . Suffering December 17 , 2015 at 4 : 40 pm I have been suffering with degenerative osteoarthritis for many years now . I ’ ve had surgery on both knees , the left has had a unicompartmental replacement . It ’ s been three years and it ’ s still very painful . I do n ’ t dare to get the other knee done . For about a year now I ’ ve had back pain ( herniated L4 ) and bulging L1 to L3 . I work as a CNA and an EMT usually 16 hour shifts . I do n ’ t have any choice or I December 28 , 2015 at 9 : 20 am Dear Suffering , The pain that is radiating down your legs may be from lower back pathology . Hip disease must also be considered and ruled out for it also can cause groin pain and pain that radiates down the leg ( commonly the outer thigh ) . Hip disease can also cause referred knee pain . Selective injections may be appropriate to temporarily ease the pain and more importantly give insight as to what arthritic process is causing the biggest problem . If an epidural relieves significant pain and allows you to be more functional , even if only for a short Partial knee replacements do spectacularly . If yours is n ’ t , then understanding why it is n ’ t is important so that the problem can be corrected . Infection always must be considered as well as loosening or pain from arthritis arising from the compartments of the knee that were not replaced . I would encourage you not to give up but rather steadily search for treatments that can help you . Shara December 19 , 2015 at 7 : 21 pm Hello , I am a 37 year old female . I have had pain in my left hip , on the very outside , off and in for years . The pain is on the point of my hip that sticks out the farthest and it sticks out much furtger than tge right side . Occasionally while walking it would be triggered and would also cause me to limp . I have had several primary care docs look at it and they would order xrays that come back normal . 3 days ago I was awaken frim my sleep with horrible pain in that hip . When I stood up , the pain now also radiates from the same point around to the top back of my hip . I limp very badly . The pain is worse while sitting or lying down . The pain is searing , it feels like I ’ m tearing my body in half . While walking it only hurts when I ’ m bringing my leg forward . Thats where the limp comes in . The pain is constant , it never goes January 4 , 2016 at 9 : 22 am Dear Shara , From the description of your symptoms and reported normal hip X - rays , I suspect that you might have developed a greater trochanteric bursitis . I wrote a recent blog article dealing with this topic and I ’ d suggest you review it . See the link below . http : / / holycrossleonecenter . com / blog / greater - trochanteric - bursitis - a - common - cause - of - hip - pain / Greater trochanter bursitis is an extra - articular cause of hip pain that it can be debilitating and persistent . Often the plain X - rays of that hip are normal . Cortisone injected into the greater trochanter bursa can be both diagnostic as well as therapeutic . Physical therapy with modalities also can be effective . Occasionally , a shoe modification or an orthotic also is appropriate . Changing the mechanics that lead to the bursitis and now sustain it is important to resolving it . For example , it ’ s important to understanding if the bursitis developed secondary to a pelvis which is not level to the floor ( pelvic obliquity ) , from scoliosis or other spinal pathology , leg length inequality or other soft tissue contractures . Local trauma , repetitive activities and anatomic abnormalities also might be a cause . My advice would be to discuss your continued disability with your physician . If your doctor is not comfortable or eager to treat your condition , then request a referral to another physician who is . Minimally , ask if they will initiate physical therapy . Sherry December 24 , 2015 at 5 : 53 am Please help with an opinion . I am a 56 year old woman . I have had total knee replacement of the left knee in 2006 and a failed lamenectomy ( please forgive misspelling ) and fusion of L5 - S1 in 2012 . I have been diagnosed with degenerative disc and joint disorder ; spinal stenosis ; bulging disc without nerve impingement of C3 , C4 , C5 , L3 , L4 ; cartilage shrinkage of left knee ; osteoarthritis in majority of my joints ; fibromyalgia ; hypertension controlled with medication ; type 2 diabetes controlled with diet I am asking for your opinion and help . I had been experiencing moderate to severe pain in my lower back , left hip , and knee . This morning around 3 : 30 I was awaken with excruciating pain in both hips but more severe in the right hip . I could not move my legs or shift my hips without screaming in pain . I am a side sleeper , so my first thoights were that I slept wrong ; however , this extremely different . I am familiar with referred pain and thought this maybe coming from Dr . Leon can you give me some baselines to review with my orthopedic neurosurgeon ? I appreciate your help ! Sherry December 24 , 2015 at 6 : 15 am Correction : it was total knee replacement on the right knee . I am suffering from severe muscle spasms in both legs . Because I can not have epidural injections due to Coumadin , I have been using ice to reduce swelling in the joints , heat for the muscle , and tens unit to try and reduce pain and spasms . January 4 , 2016 at 9 : 28 am Dear Sherry , I suspect that the pain and spasm you ’ re experiencing in both hips is from lower back pathology . I would suggest that you discuss these new symptoms and concerns with the orthopedic neurosurgeon who has been helping you manage these conditions . A rheumatologic work - up also would be appropriate , especially considering your diagnosis of fibromyalgia . Narcotic addiction further clouds your situation . Narcotics can make you feel depressed , ashamed and make it more difficult to find physician who will take care of you . I think you must take your health into your own hands and do everything you can do to get healthy . This may mean losing weight , getting physically fit and weaning yourself off all narcotics . I wish you the best of health . anne December 28 , 2015 at 12 : 59 am I had a hip replacement … highly successful and skilled anterior approach just over one year ago . It was a like a miracle . No pain . I am a cancer caregiver to my husband and he is getting worse . I got the surgery done because I knew this would happen . I have trying to help him and I have been sitting on the bed , an uneven surface , and two weeks ago , I felt a shock type pain down the non hip replacement leg that felt like a stenosis / sciatica pain … like January 4 , 2016 at 9 : 20 am Dear Anne , Beating yourself up or blaming anyone other than the untenable situation you , and your family , find yourself in simply is not constructive . Approximately 70 percent of the time , the conditions that resulted in you having a hip replacement on one side also are present on the other side , therefore very possibly would be treated optimally with a THR . Fortunately , the experience you had with THR was very successful , which speaks favorably that the surgery was performed for the correct indications and expertly by a surgeon you trust . I would recommend a full evaluation by a local orthopedist . Hopefully , hip versus lower back / sciatic etiology can be distinguished . A treatment plan then can be recommended . If it is determined that your symptoms are from an arthritic hip , then consider communicating with your surgeon to see when he or she could care for you . A cortisone injection may give you some temporary relief , but also may increase potential complications , including infection , that are associated with hip replacement surgery . Minimally , it may delay surgery as to when your Finally , I think you have to share your concerns with you husband and ask for his input and support . If you ’ re unable to stand and walk , then the reality is you ’ re unable to provide the care for him that you desire and you may be forced to care for yourself first in order to care for him later . If his current condition is better than it will be in the near future , it may be better for you to care for yourself sooner rather than later . I wish you and your family health and strength . Heidi December 28 , 2015 at 10 : 11 pm Hi , I ’ m 47 and have been having a progressively worsening pain that began radiating only from my right hip and buttocks . The pain is actually worse at night and when sitting . Over the past few days , the pain has moved up along my right side ( at waist level ) but still radiating through my hip as well . I have been keeping a heating pad on it and Tylenol is n ’ t touching the pain ( I ca n ’ t take ibuprofen due to stomach issues ) . I originally thought January 7 , 2016 at 11 : 18 am Dear Heidi , I suspect that your pain is from a lower back etiology despite your lack of back pain . I would suggest you discuss your symptoms and concerns with your physician . Further study and physical therapy may be beneficial . Tylenol and the heating pads you ’ re using also seem appropriate . I wish you a fully and speedy recovery . flora January 2 , 2016 at 11 : 49 pm I fell 7 months ago from a 2 foot ledge on my left hip n h has escalated to pain i cant sit n it hurts I cant lay on my left side in bed it hurts I take ibuprofen like 6 times every day it still hurts , what did I do n is bad enough to go to doctors Whendy Hedrick January 3 , 2016 at 10 : 14 am I have the exact same symptoms but my orthopedic doctor says the pain is coming from my back . I have a slipped disc in my lower back . I ca n ’ t hardly walk . I had an epidural but got no relief . Defective hips run on my Mother ’ s side . Have you gotten any relief . . ? keli January 4 , 2016 at 9 : 12 am Since shortly after 2003 i started experiencing terrible back back in my mid back and hips i thought it was due to me having a baby . the pain in my back can be very overbearing i cant get comfortable i can hear n feel my bones in my back crack n shift as i shift around i didnt go to a doctor until the pain in my hips starting to grow unbearable it feels as if they are locking up sometimes and caused me to litterally stop walkung from so much pain laying on my stomach maybe 10 minutes January 7 , 2016 at 11 : 22 am Dear Keli , The symptoms you describe seem most consistent with pain emanating from lower back pathology . Hip disease also must be ruled out . I would suggest that you be evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon who can evaluate you , help diagnose the root cause and then make recommendations . I would suggest you continue your weight - loss program and do the exercises you learned during physical therapy . January 7 , 2016 at 11 : 10 am Dear Flora , The cause of you pain needs to be diagnosed . Seven months is a long time since your injury and I would expect a soft - tissue injury to have healed . Yes , I would strongly recommend you be evaluated by your physician at this point , so a diagnosis can be made and a treatment regimen planned . Peggy January 10 , 2016 at 6 : 39 pm I ’ m a 47 year old female . Last June , when starting out on a hike , I had a sudden pain in the front of my right hip , at the very top of my leg . I know it was n ’ t a smart decision , but since it was a flat terrain , I went ahead and completed all 8.5 miles of the hike ( in pain ) . I thought the pain would go away over time , with rest , stretches and medicine , but the pain would become so severe that I could n ’ t lift my leg to go up a step , or get into my car . About a month later I saw my doctor and had an X - ray which showed a small amount of arthritis . My doctor prescribed tramadol for pain , and diclofenac sodium for pain and inflammation . While the pills sometimes take the edge off the pain , they never make the pain go away completely . A couple months after the initial injury , the pain began spreading down the front of my thigh . And a few months after that , it now spreads around my outer thigh and includes the top of my right buttock . Odd things I ’ ve noticed : the pain will go away after sitting for a bit , but if I try to go for a walk , I only get about 200 yards before the pain comes back . Sometimes while sitting , my hip wo n ’ t hurt , but I ’ ll feel the pain in my upper thigh . I can walk around my house , barefoot , and often do n ’ t feel pain unless I twist a certain way . Background : my right leg is slightly longer than my left . I ’ ve had two scopes in my right knee , and ACL surgery in my left knee . Two years ago , I had surgery in my right foot for hallux rigidus / bunion , and since that surgery , I sometimes have pain on the bottom of my right foot ( it feels like ‘ m walking on a marble , so I suspect arthritis of sorts is present ) . This may or may not relate , but I ’ ve also had carpal tunnel As long as I can remember , I ’ ve had occasional lower back pain on my right side – which I ’ ve always attributed to my right leg being longer . Also , back in the days of doing full - on situps in school gym class , my hips would always pop . Lastly , even though I said that my right leg is longer than my left , I now have reason to suspect that might not be true . My sister who has also spent much of her life thinking she had one leg longer than the other , has just recently been told that she does NOT have a longer leg , but instead there is a problem with how her hips are shaped . This sister has also had knee scopes , ACL surgery , and carpal tunnel surgeries . I ’ m tired of hurting and miss going for walks / hikes . January 29 , 2016 at 1 : 03 pm Dear Peggy , From your description , it sounds as if your symptoms are from an arthritic hip . I ’ m wondering if what you attributed to your back over the years actually was from your hip all along ? It ’ s also interesting that you recall even in high school how your hips would pop . They might have been subluxing or impinging . An intra - articular hip injection may give you insight as to how much of your disability is due to your hip arthritis and also may provide some temporary relief . Ultimately , you may benefit from hip replacement surgery . That surgery would only be indicated when you feel disabled enough and the conservative measures like PT and NSAIDs are no longer giving you adequate relief . I would recommend seeing an orthopedic surgeon who specializes in THR to discuss your concerns and formulate a plan . I wish you a full recovery . Nettie | [
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http://home-ed.info/ | Home education in the UK Home education is increasingly popular in the UK . It is known as ‘ homeschooling ’ in the United States . It means that parents take responsibility for their children ’ s education rather than delegating it to a school . Home education in the UK can take a variety of different forms . The law requires that education should suit each individual child or teenager , so there is no need to follow any system or curriculum . If you would like to ask questions , you can visit the Home Education UK page on Facebook . Home education in the UK and the law Home education is legal throughout the UK , and has been for many decades . However , the laws in the four countries of the UK ( England , Scotland , Northern Ireland and Wales ) are not identical . According to the 1996 education act in England and Wales , it is parents ( not the state ) who are responsible for providing their children ’ s education ‘ at school or otherwise ’ . Their education must be suitable for the age , ability and aptitude of each child . The wording is the same in Northern Ireland . Scottish law says that ‘ every child has a right to an education , and it is the duty of the parent of every school age child to provide that education , either by sending the child to school , or by other means . ’ Thus it is up to each family to ensure that their children receive appropriate education . What exactly that means will vary from child to child . Home educators in the UK do not have to be trained teachers . Nor do they need any special qualifications to educate their children . Although some families choose to use a structured ‘ homeschool ’ curriculum , others pick and choose educational books from bookshops . Still others use the Internet and libraries to find suitable resources . A growing number follow the ‘ autonomous ’ style of education . That means References : legal information for home education in Northern Ireland Scottish government guidance on home education summary of the law relating to home education in England and Wales . Home education book – published February 2019 I have had many requests , over the past twenty years , to put this site into book form . Since many pages do not work in print form , I had to decide on a focus and edit it significantly . But I have finally , with the help of my husband , succeeded in editing , finishing and self - publishing this book . It ’ s available now , in both paperback and Kindle form , in time to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the site . If you have Kindle Unlimited , you can read it free as part of that package . The book is , as the subtitle states , a guide for beginners . It answers the kinds of questions I was asking when we were thinking about home educating , and during our first year . It looks at different styles of home education , and explores some of the possibilities . Some anecdotes are included as examples , and the epilogue explains why we started and continued educating our teenage sons at home . If anyone reads it I would welcome constructive comments , positive or negative . Why home educate ? Sometimes parents take children out of school due to bullying or other serious problems . But there are a growing number of British parents who home educate their children from the start . This site explains some of the reasons that families in the UK are choosing home education . It has suggestions about how to get started and links to resources and legal information for home educators . There is also a guide to taking GCSEs for those who wish to do so . If you ’ re concerned – as so many are – about the social side of home education , try reading the the socialising articles . You could also browse a few home educators ’ blogs which describe everyday life for different people . Estimated numbers of home educators around the UK are somewhat speculative . However , data collected in 2014 shows that in England alone there were over 27,000 home educated students known to their local education authorities . This does not take into account those in other parts of the UK , nor those who are unknown to their LEA . There is no requirement to register , and there may be as many more who are not known . If you are interested in seeing which regions have the highest numbers of known home educators , there ’ s a map that demonstrates this at the FutureSchool site . Navigating this site This site has a collection of articles about home education , mostly written while we were home educating . You can find links to some of the most popular ones in the menu at the top , or the one in the sidebar , or browse the site via the sitemap . There are also pages on some ‘ educational ’ topics which I find interesting . Many of these are about maths , and how to introduce mathematical ideas . You can find a list of these on the maths index page . If you are interested in finding general resources for home education , there are some pages with suggestions . They are roughly sorted by subject . There are also pages with links to UK curriculum providers , to home education general sites , and more . I regularly add links to local groups and try to stay up to date with international sites . If you would like me to add your group or site , or if you find incorrect or broken links , please let me know . What made our family decide to home educate ? Short version : we moved to Cyprus in 1997 when our sons were eleven and nine years old . We decided to home educate for a few months while we settled in . We liked it so much that we continued . They are now 32 and 30 . One worked in a media group in the UK after spending four years working on a ship , and has now returned to another ship for two years with his family . The other achieved a high 2 : 1 in his degree course in the UK , followed by an This site ‘ Home Education in the UK ’ started on February 1st 1999 , so is now twenty years old . You can read more about the development of the site in the page about this site Site last updated : 18th March 2019 | [
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http://home.bexar.org/tax/PropertyTaxRates2016.html | 2016 Official Tax Rates & Exemptions < < Return to main Tax Rates 2016 Official Tax Rates and Exemptions Name Code TaxRate / $ 100 Homestead Over 65 Disabled Freeze Year Flood Fund 8 $ 0.015700 3,000 2,000 2005 Alamo Community College 9 $ 0.149150 30,000 5,000 2005 Hospital District 10 $ 0.276235 Bexar County 11 $ 0.293250 50,000 5,000 San Antonio River Authority 19 $ 0.017290 5,000 or .5 % City / San Antonio 21 $ 0.558270 65,000 12,500 Alamo Heights 22 $ 0.389900 2007 Balcones Heights 23 $ 0.551000 5,000 or 15 % 50,000 Castle Hills 24 $ 0.501345 5,000 or 10 % China Grove 25 $ 0.084000 Converse 26 $ 0.502660 5,000 or 1 % 10,000 Elmendorf 27 $ 0.370000 2014 Grey Forest 28 $ 0.088441 5,000 or 1 % Hill Country Village 29 $ 0.145000 5,000 or 20 % Hollywood Park 30 $ 0.510081 Kirby 31 $ 0.729376 15,000 Leon Valley 32 $ 0.556599 30,000 Live Oak 33 $ 0.446837 5,000 or 20 % 40,000 Olmos Park 34 $ 0.442785 10,000 Shavano Park 36 $ 0.287742 2004 City of Somerset 37 $ 0.663852 St . Hedwig 38 $ 0.424091 60,000 Terrell Hills 39 $ 0.339538 Universal City 40 $ 0.562804 Windcrest 41 $ 0.308093 15,000 Helotes 42 $ 0.350000 20,000 12,000 2008 City of Von Ormy 47 $ 0.000000 Sandy Oaks 48 $ 0.241250 5,000 or 10 % 3,000 Alamo Heights ISD 50 $ 1.195000 25,000 1997 East Central ISD 51 $ 1.285000 25,000 1997 Edgewood ISD 52 $ 1.355900 20,000 Harlandale ISD 53 $ 1.528800 North East ISD 55 $ 1.385000 23,330 Northside ISD 56 $ 1.375500 23,330 San Antonio ISD 57 $ 1.512600 South S.A. ISD 58 $ 1.451500 Southside ISD 59 $ 1.368900 Somerset ISD 72 $ 1.278000 Southwest ISD 73 $ 1.473000 Bexar Emergency District # 6 75 $ 0.100000 Bexar Emergency District # 5 76 $ 0.100000 Bexar Emergency District # 7 77 Bexar Emergency District # 3 78 $ 0.045730 Bexar Emergency District # 2 79 Bexar Emergency District # 1 84 $ 0.099571 S.A. MUD # 1 85 $ 0.634500 Bexar Emergency District # 4 100 $ 0.056994 Bexar Emergency District # 8 101 Bexar Emergency District # 10 102 $ 0.096820 Butterfield Ranch PID 105 Flat $ 300.00 rate on Improved lots . Westside 211 SID 106 $ 0.558270 Cibolo Canyons SID 110 65,000 12,500 Bexar Emergency District # 11 111 Bexar Emergency District # 12 112 < < Return to main Tax Rates | [
"Tax Rates",
"BEXAR COUNTY TAX ASSESSOR"
] |
http://home.bt.com/news/on-this-day/september-14-1982-hollywood-star-turned-princess-grace-kelly-dies-after-monte-carlo-car-crash-11364003351559 | September 14 1982 Hollywood star turned princess Grace Kelly dies after Riviera car crash Grace Kelly the Oscarwinning actress who gave up her film career to become Princess of Monaco died aged 52 the day after the car she was driving left the road near Monte Carlo By Chas Early Last updated 13 September 2018 1203pm Princess Grace of Monaco better known to her millions of fans as former Hollywood leading lady Grace Kelly died on this day in 1982 after a mild stroke had caused her to crash her car a day earlier She was 52 The princess who stopped acting after she married Prince Rainier of Monaco in 1956 suffered a brain haemorrhage and multiple broken bones when her Rover P6 left the road and tumbled 120ft down a slope near Cap dAil on the French Riviera Her teenage daughter Stephanie a passenger in the car suffered a fractured vertebra In a statement issued by the royal household it was revealed that the Princess died at 930pm after her condition had deteriorated during the day Her husband and their two older children Caroline and Albert were at her bedside when she died Grace Kelly was born in 1929 in Philadelphia and after graduating from high school studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York She made her bigscreen debut in the 1951 film Fourteen Hours a small role that nonetheless won the attention of actor Gary Cooper August 31 1997 World mourns Peoples Princess as Diana is killed in Paris car crash She would go on to play the role of Coopers wife in High Noon but her career really blossomed under the lens of British director Alfred Hitchcock appearing in three of his films in the 1950s Dial M for Murder Rear Window and To Catch a Thief She won her only Oscar playing the wife of Bing Crosbys alcoholic singer in The Country Girl and would team up with him again in her final movie High Society a musical adaptation of The Philadelphia Story alongside Frank Sinatra Kelly met Prince Rainier at the Cannes Film Festival in 1955 later that year on an official trip to America the Prince proposed to her The couple were married the following April with 700 guests in attendance including Cary Grant David Niven Gloria Swanson and Ava Gardner Unable to continue in her career due to her obligations as a princess Kelly became involved in charitable work Though it has been alleged that she was prevented from acting by Prince Rainier she was understood not to have missed Hollywood which she called a town without pity Grace Kelly Did you know Grace Kellys father and brother were both Olympic gold medalwinning rowers Her cousin John Lehman Jr served under Ronald Reagan as US Secretary of the Navy and now chairs the Princess Grace Foundation which supports emerging talent in the arts While studying in New York Kelly stayed at the Barbizon Hotel for Women a safe haven for many young female acting talents for many years tenants have included Candice Bergen Liza Minnelli Cloris Leachman and Ali MacGraw Almost all of the leading men Kelly played opposite in her major roles Gary Cooper Clark Gable Ray Milland Bing Crosby James Stewart and Cary Grant were comfortably old enough to be her father William Holden 11 years her senior was the one exception She nonetheless formed a close bond with Grant pictured with her in a scene from To Catch a Thief below who later named her as his favourite female costar her death was said to have affected him deeply Her recording with Bing Crosby of Cole Porters True Love for the film High Society became a millionseller Kelly therefore became the only royal personage to be awarded a platinum disc which she received after her marriage to Prince Rainier While expecting her first child in 1956 she would often be seen holding a leather handbag made by Hermes in front of her pregnancy bump The item became so synonymous with her that it is now known as a Kelly bag She was rumoured to have been offered the female lead in Hitchcocks Marnie released in 1964 but the idea of a royal princess playing the role of a kleptomaniac and having to kiss Sean Connery was deemed inappropriate and she turned the part down Princess Grace was given a full royal funeral and interred at the Cathedral of St Nicholas in Monte Carlo which had been the venue for her wedding ceremony some 26 years earlier Print this story | [
"Hollywood star turned",
"Monaco",
"Riviera car crash"
] |
http://home.bt.com/tech-gadgets/computing/how-to-restart-windows-10-and-whatever-happened-to-safe-mode-11364000631724 | How to restart Windows 10 - and whatever happened to Safe Mode ? Restarting Windows 10 is a basic task , but what happens when you ca n ’ t open the Start menu , or want to restart in Safe Mode now that the F8 key does n ' t work ? By Julian Prokaza Last updated : 20 February 2019 - 11.47am How do you restart Windows 10 ? It might sound like we ’ re teaching granny to suck eggs , but restarting Windows 10 is n ’ t as straightforward as you might think . The problem — as many people have experienced — is that the Start menu can sometimes lock , which means its Power option is unavailable . Less straightforward still is restarting in Safe Mode . Simply restarting in Safe Mode alone , where only the most essential parts of Windows are loaded , can be enough to fix some glitches , but the usual [ F8 ] key method no longer works — it ’ s been disabled to speed up boot times . [ Read more : 9 amazing time - saving tips for Windows 10 ] Restart Windows 10 normally 1 . Using the Start menu This is the way to restart Windows 10 that every user should know about . Simply open the Start menu , click the Power button and select Restart 2 . Using Tablet mode You can also restart Windows 10 in Tablet mode , without using the Start menu . Turn on Tablet mode by opening the Action Centre — click the speech bubble in the Notification Area and click the Tablet mode button . Look at the bottom left of the screen , just above the Start button , and you ’ ll see a Power button . Click it to see the usual Sleep Shut down and Restart options . 3 . From the login screen You can also restart Windows 10 from the login screen , which you can access instantly by pressing the [ Windows ] + [ L ] keys on the keyboard . Click the login background image to display the usual username and password request , but now click the Power icon at the bottom right of the screen . Be sure to save any open documents before restarting in this way , although Windows 10 should remind you before going any further . Restart Windows 10 in Safe Mode 1 . Press [ Shift ] If you can access any of the Power options described above , you can also restart in Safe Mode by holding down the [ Shift ] key on the keyboard when you click 2 . Using the Start menu If you can open the Start menu , you can restart in Safe Mode by selecting Start > Settings cog > Update & Security > Recovery > Advanced start - up > Restart now 3 . But wait , there ’ s more … With both options 1 and 2 above , there are still some additional steps to complete before getting to Safe Mode . When Windows 10 restarts , you ’ ll see a series of blue screens , starting with Choose an option From here you need to select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Start - up Settings > Restart and then press either the [ 4 ] or [ 5 ] key on your keyboard to restart in Safe Mode or Safe Mode with Networking ( if you want internet access ) . 4 . By pressing [ F8 ] Yes , we know we said this no longer works in Windows 10 , but you can reactivate it . Here ’ s how . Right - click the Start button and select Command Prompt ( Admin ) from the menu that appears ( this is n ’ t the usual Start menu ) . Click the Yes button if prompted to allow the app to make changes to your PC . Type — or copy and paste — the following into the Command Prompt window and press the [ Return ] key : bcdedit / set { default } bootmenupolicy legacy You should now be able to enter Safe Mode when restarting Windows 10 by pressing [ F8 ] . Stay safe online with our broadband extras : Protect your computer from viruses and back - up your photos Not with us ? Check out our broadband deals Print this story | [
"restart Windows 10",
"Safe Mode"
] |
http://home.bt.com/tech-gadgets/internet/social-media/facebook-messenger-message-symbols-phone-and-video-calls-11364194044160 | How do I use Facebook Messenger and what do its symbols mean Its used by over a billion people worldwide so if you arent yet using Messenger why not Heres how to start using it and what those little symbols mean By Chas Early Last updated 7 September 2018 356pm Facebook Messenger is an instant messaging service and one of the most popular free messaging apps in the world A successor to Facebook Chat Messenger was issued as a standalone app for iOS and Android operating systems in 2011 Since then it has added components that allow users to have phone conversations and video calls both onetoone and with groups Android users are now able to use the app even if they are not on Facebook It now has more than 12 billion users Read more Want to keep Messenger but leave Facebook Heres how to do it Available for computers and for mobile devices it lets you send instant messages just as if you were texting on your phone Certain symbols will appear after you have sent a message well explain what they mean below What do the symbols mean in Facebook Messenger Messenger lets you know the status of any message you send on it using a series of circular symbols These will be visible at the bottom right hand corner of the message speech bubble A simple blue circle means that your message is in the process of being sent A similar blue circle with a tick inside it means that the message has been sent A filledin blue circle with a tick means the message has been delivered successfully to the recipients phone Finally a small version of the recipients profile photo will pop up in a circle to indicate that they have read your message Can I unsend or delete a message once its been sent Unfortunately sent messages cant be unsent or deleted from the inbox of the person you sent it to Depending on their notification settings they may also receive your message by email How do I voice call someone or a group in Messenger And how do I make a video call Facebook introduced voice calls via Messenger in certain countries in 2013 and video calling two years later Users can call an individual or make group calls To call one contact simply open a message conversation with that person then tap the phone icon at the top of the screen To call a group open a message conversation with all the contacts that you wish to speak to then tap the phone icon Once youve started a voice call with one or more people you can make it a video chat by tapping the camera icon Read more Heres how to comment on Facebook using GIFs Print this story | [
"What do the symbols mean in Facebook Messenger"
] |
http://home.btclick.com/esoft6/dance/people/PatShaw.html | Patrick Noel Shuldham - Shaw ( 1917 - 1977 ) Pat Shaw was born in Stratford - on - Avon , but spent most of his childhood in London where he started folk dancing at the age of six . His mother , who sang professionally under her maiden name of Winifred Holloway was Honorary Secretary of the Cecil Sharp Memorial Fund , which raised over £ 30,000 to build Cecil Sharp House . the headquarters of the English Folk Dance and Song Society opened in 1930 . Pat was educated at St . Aubyn ' s Rottingdean , Harrow and Queen ' s College , Cambridge , where he studied music . A keen student of dance , song and music , Pat became a skilled performer of Morris , Sword and Country dancing and folk songs ; an inspired composer and arranger of choral and folk music ; a keen and accomplished collector and researcher of dance and song and played various instruments . On leaving Cambridge he worked for the EFDSS as Midland Area Organiser until he joined the National Fire Service early in 1942 . In 1946 he took up singing professionally , specialising in folk songs of all nations in their original languages , sometimes accompanying himself on the guitar . He spent much time collecting fiddle tunes and some songs in the Shetland Isles , where he started playing the piano - accordion ( his original instrument had been the oboe . ) In 1949 he and Nan Fleming - Williams formed the " Countryside Players " to raise money for the new Lerwick lifeboat and this band continued giving concerts for many years . In the fifties he was often heard on the BBC West of England programme " Country Dancing " both as a caller and a singer . Pat was involved for over 25 years in Holland with the Nederlands Volksdansstichting ( NVS ) , who perform English dances , and composed " New Wine in Old Bottles " ( 54 dances to old Dutch tunes ) . He was also very interested in the Welsh Folk Dance Society and composed dances and tunes for them . After his first visit to the Pinewoods Camp in New England , USA , in 1974 , he donated " Between Two Ponds " to raise funds for the Camp and had intended to complete a second book of dances and tunes " Among the Pines " for them . ( Both are now printed in " Pat Shaw ' s Pinewoods " ) Pat will also be remembered for his Christmas Carol Concerts at Cecil Sharp House , for which he made all the orchestral arrangements . These are continued today in the same form . In 1971 the EFDSS awarded him their highest honour , the gold badge , in recognition of his superb service to the Society in every aspect of its work . From 1972 until his death , Pat was working on the Grieg - Duncan collection at the School of Scottish Studies in Edinburgh - now published . Extracted from The Pat Shaw Collection , edited by Marjorie Fennessy , H . E . Styles publications , London 1986 This page last modified Tue Apr 2 1996 11 : 38 : 49 Rhod Davies | | Biographies index | [
"Patrick Noel Shuldham",
"English Folk Dance and Song Society",
"folk songs"
] |
http://home.costhelper.com/basement-waterproofing.html | CostHelper > Home and Garden > Plumbing & Waterproofing > Basement Waterproofing Basement Waterproofing Cost How Much Does Basement Waterproofing Cost ? Low : Dehumidifier $ 150 - $ 400 Medium : Sump Pump $ 100 - $ 6,000 High : With Excavation $ 5,000 - $ 15,000 + Post Tweet Comments ( 2 ) Water flows down , which means basements are a prime spot for rain - and snowmelt - related dampness or flooding , and for moisture seepage ( through solid masonry or through cracks caused by the house settling ) . Methods for basement waterproofing range from relatively inexpensive steps which improve drainage , to more extensive projects that could include excavation work . State Farm Insurance describes potential sources 1 of wet basement problems . Typical costs : Approximately five yards of soil to make the ground slope away from your home runs $ 40 - $ 150 depending on location and quality of soil . Hiring someone to do this can be another $ 50 - $ 150 or more depending on what ' s involved in the project . If you do n ' t have rain gutters on your home , install them . If you have gutters , extend the downspouts . Simple above - ground extensions of 3 - 25 feet are $ 10 - $ 50 each . Extending downspouts into underground drainage pipes or a drywell can cost $ 100 - $ 400 for do - it - yourself materials and $ 200 - $ 2,000 or more with professional installation . For dampness caused by condensation , a dehumidifier for a typical basement can run $ 150 - $ 400 but averages $ 200 - $ 300 . Large - capacity , low - maintenance dehumidifiers for extremely damp or large basements start around $ 800 - $ 1,200 Installing a sump pump runs $ 100 - $ 300 for do - it - yourself installation in a typical family home , or $ 250 - $ 600 for both parts and labor to have a plumber or waterproofing contractor install it for you . Having a contractor install a complete sump system with perimeter drains ( also called French drains ) that route water to the sump basin averages $ 2,000 - $ 6,000 , but can go as high as $ 10,000 - $ 15,000 Do - it - yourself costs for repairing and sealing a basement can run $ 100 - $ 200 , which includes painting or spraying the interior basement walls ( and / or floor ) with a sealant . In extreme cases you might excavate outside a problem basement wall , apply sealer and a moisture barrier to the exterior wall , install exterior footer drains and then backfill the excavated area - - do - it - yourself materials and tools could run $ 200 - $ 500 or more . Hiring someone to repair and seal your basement interior can run $ 250 - $ 1,000 or more ; if the project also includes outside excavation plus installing a waterproof barrier and footer drains , the total cost starts around $ 5,000 - $ 10,000 , but can run $ 11,000 - $ 15,000 or more . Related articles : Bathroom Remodeling Repairing and Sealing a Basement Sump Pump Dehumidifier Mold Inspection Mold Remediation What should be included : Most homes in damp areas are built with some form of basement waterproofing ( such as gravel around the foundation to improve drainage ) but these may be inadequate or start to fail over the years as the house shifts and settles . A wet or damp basement might be caused by condensation , seepage , leaks or subterranean water . Tape a piece of aluminum foil on a basement wall ; wait 24 hours and then check it . Water on the outside of the foil ( toward the room ) indicates condensation is the problem ; water on 2 of symptoms , causes and solutions for typical basement water problems . Most experts recommend improving outside drainage first , to direct water away from your home ' s foundation and basement . ThisOldHouse . com gives an overview 3 of possible methods for drying out a wet basement . Additional costs : If you ' re not sure exactly what needs to be done , you might hire a home inspector who specializes in water problems to make a complete analysis and give specific recommendations . This could run about $ 150 - $ 250 or more . Shopping for basement waterproofing : Get estimates from several companies . Be sure you understand exactly how their solution will solve your specific basement water problems . The final written contract should include an evaluation of the problem and how it will be fixed ; start and completion dates ; a guarantee / warranty ; and a clause that there will be no additional work down without your approval and signature . Ask for and check references , and look for any complaints on file with the Better Business Bureau 4 . The BBB warns against 5 waterproofing contractors who ask for large payments in advance or do n ' t provide a written estimate . The National Association of Waterproofing and Structural Repair Contractors lists things to do before 6 calling a contractor , a checklist 7 for hiring a waterproofing contractor and referrals 8 to its members . Post Tweet Comments ( 2 ) CostHelper News Forgotten Expenses In a Home Addition Budget Items like construction costs , permit fees or debris removal are n ' t the only expenses to consider when calculating the total costs of a home remodeling project . | | Posted August 5 2013 10 Most Popular Cosmetic Procedures Before the Holidays With reunions and other get - togethers scheduled during the holiday season , most people want to look their best at this time of year . For some , that means filling in those wrinkles with a bit of botox , or having a nip and tuck down here and there . | | Posted November 23 2013 ‣ All CostHelper Blog Posts What People Are Paying - Recent Comments Coating Basement Walls With Waterproof Coating Amount : $ 580.00 Posted by : a user in Providence , RI . Posted : March 12th , 2018 07 : 03AM Sq . Ft . of Basement : 750 Waterproofing Method : Seal with epoxy waterproof coating Contractor : DIY We applied a water based epoxy coating Hydro - Seal 75 to our basement walls and came out 1 foot on the floor in our basement , 750 square feet total for $ 580 , 58 $ per gallon . This took us about 10 gallons to apply 2 coats over walls and 1 foot on the floor . We also repaired all cracks and filled holes with Hydro - Seal 75 mortar that we made by adding concrete sand mix to the Hydro - Seal 75 . Job was a complete success stopping seepage , and covering damp dark stained concrete walls with a beautiful Gray colored coating . I also bought brushes , rollers , mixing bucket , TSP for prep and plastic putty knifes for patching . No other special tolls were required . Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam Basement waterproofing Amount : $ 2,725.00 Posted by : Defcon1 in Raleigh , NC . Posted : March 19th , 2014 05 : 03AM Sq . Ft . of Basement : 85 lin . ft Waterproofing Method : internal french drain Contractor : Shamrock Nice work during a rainy period . So far , dry as a bone ! Dimpled plastic against wall and four inch pefrorated drain tile to a perforated sump liner at least two feet deep . The real test will be a tropical storm . Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam Comment On Your Experience With Basement Waterproofing External Resources : learningcenter . statefarm . com / residence / maintenance / wet - basement - problems / www . bhg . com / home - improvement / maintenance / construction - basics / solving - basement - water - pro . . . www . thisoldhouse . com / toh / article / 0 , , 220912 , 00 . html www . bbb . org / us / Consumer - Business - Reviews / basementhealthpros . com / basementhealthpros . com / More Home and Garden Topics Check Out All Costs for Home and Garden How Much Does Heating Oil Cost ? How Much Does Painting a House Cost ? How Much Does a Fence Cost ? Search Thousands of Topics on CostHelper . com How much does cost ? About CostHelper CostHelper is based in Silicon Valley and provides consumers with unbiased price information about thousands of goods and services . Our writers are experienced journalists who adhere to our strict editorial ethics policy | [
"Basement Waterproofing Cost",
"excavation work",
"moisture seepage"
] |
http://home.costhelper.com/concrete-repair.html | CostHelper > Home and Garden > Construction & Renovation > Concrete Repair Concrete Repair Cost How Much Does Concrete Repair Cost ? Patching Concrete : $ 3 - $ 200 + Concrete Foundation Repair : $ 1,000 - $ 30,000 + Post Tweet Comments ( 2 ) Concrete can be chipped or cracked by a number of causes , ranging from the movement of the ground underneath to a lack of expansion joints in the concrete ( causing hairline cracks as the concrete shrinks when it dries ) . If the cracks go all the way through the concrete and are caused by a poor underlying sub - base , freezing or other ongoing issues , it may be necessary to remove the concrete to fix the problem . If the cracks , chips or other imperfections are all surface issues , the concrete can be repaired Typical costs : Patching a concrete driveway , patio , walkway or basement / garage floor can be a fairly straightforward do - it - yourself project . Patching compounds can cost $ 3 - $ 10 for a small tube , tub or pail ; or $ 5 - $ 30 for a larger bucket or bag , depending on the quantity and type of materials . For example , a one - quart pail of Quikrete Concrete Patching Compound 1 costs $ 7.50 - $ 9 . Hiring a handyman or other laborer to patch a few small cracks in a concrete driveway or patio can cost $ 25 - $ 200 or more for labor and materials , depending on products used , the time it takes and local rates . A two - or three - part epoxy patching compound that gets mixed together then quickly spread with a trowel or squeegee can cost $ 50 - $ 150 or more depending on quantity and brand . For example , a 3.5 - gallon plastic pail of Rust - Oleum 5494 System Turbokrete Concrete Patching Kit 2 costs $ 90 - $ 120 , and is applied like epoxy flooring . Professional application of epoxy flooring over patched and level concrete costs about $ 3 - $ 12 a square foot , or $ 750 - $ 3,000 for a one - car garage ) and $ 1,200 - $ 6,000 for a two - car garage . For details , see How Much Does Epoxy Flooring Cost Patching typically leaves a smooth but unsightly concrete surface that can then be resurfaced with a thin ( 1 / 16 " to an inch or more ) overlay of cement or a modified polymer resin blended with cement , sand and other additives . DIY resurfacing materials can cost $ 2 - $ 5 or more a square foot ; ThisOldHouse . com estimates it took two people five hours and six bags ( $ 150 - $ 180 ) of material to resurface about 300 square feet of driveway and walkway . Professional resurfacing can cost $ 3 - $ 10 a square foot depending on the condition of the existing concrete , the resurfacing system used and local rates ; Resurfacing an average 500 - square - foot concrete driveway ( including repairing all cracks or other imperfections ) typically costs $ 2,000 - $ 5,000 . For more details , see How Much Does Concrete Resurfacing Cost Cracks in the concrete foundation are a structural problem . Most repairs require some form of underpinning - - installing concrete or steel piers to support the foundation on deeper , more stable soil . Installing piers can cost $ 1,000 - $ 3,000 each , or $ 3,500 - $ 6,000 or more to underpin one corner and $ 8,000 - $ 30,000 for all needed repairs on a house with moderate foundation damage . To evaluate the problem , an inspection and report by structural engineer can cost $ 300 - $ 800 and a soil report by a geotechnical engineer can cost $ 500 - $ 2,500 . For more details , see How Much Does Foundation Repair Cost Related articles : Epoxy Flooring Foundation Repair Concrete Resurfacing Driveway Repair Driveway What should be included : Concrete is made with four basic ingredients : Portland cement , water , sand and gravel or crushed rock . ConcreteNetwork . com defines concrete and cement 3 Concrete patches can last 20 - 30 years , according to AskTheBuilder . com 4 Repairs should be done in relatively cool weather , when the temperature is about 50 - 60 degrees Fahrenheit . All loose concrete and debris should be removed ; when patching a crack , chisel it out to create a backward - angle cut . Many patching systems use a thin layer of bonding adhesive or cement ( at a paint - like consistency ) before the patching compound is applied with a trowel or squeegee . Some self - leveling patching compounds can be squirted directly into small cracks . A video by ExtremeHowTo . com demonstrates the basics of patching and repairing concrete 5 ThisOldHouse . com explains how to patch a concrete floor 6 , fix chipped concrete steps 7 and repair cracks in concrete walls 8 . ConcreteNetwork . com provides information for repairing a variety of problems with concrete countertops 9 Shopping for concrete repair : Concrete patching materials are available at home improvement centers like Home Depot 10 or Lowe ' s 11 ; hardware stores like Ace Hardware 12 ; and online retailers like Amazon 13 For small repair jobs , get recommendations for a handyman or other laborer familiar with concrete repair . For large projects , search for local contractors through ConcreteNetwork . com 14 Request and call references from previous customers ; check that the company is properly insured , bonded and licensed 15 . Check for complaints filed with the Better Business Bureau 16 Post Tweet Comments ( 2 ) CostHelper News Forgotten Expenses In a Home Addition Budget Items like construction costs , permit fees or debris removal are n ' t the only expenses to consider when calculating the total costs of a home remodeling project . | | Posted August 5 2013 10 Most Popular Cosmetic Procedures Before the Holidays With reunions and other get - togethers scheduled during the holiday season , most people want to look their best at this time of year . For some , that means filling in those wrinkles with a bit of botox , or having a nip and tuck down here and there . | | Posted November 23 2013 ‣ All CostHelper Blog Posts What People Are Paying - Recent Comments Cement patching small patio Amount : $ 0.00 Posted by : Corine Morales in Salt lake city , UT . Posted : March 2nd , 2019 06 : 03PM Type of Damage : Repair Repair Needed : Patching falling cracks Need cement repaors Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam porch & structural repair estimate / ballpark quote Amount : $ 3,000.00 Posted by : Heather Washington in Detroit , MI . Posted : December 9th , 2015 08 : 12PM Type of Damage : cracks , holes & sinking Repair Needed : new concrete porch & foundation repair cracks & holes in center block around porch have top slab sinking . .also water run in basement from area under porch . The size is approx 5 ' × 14.5 ' with 3 concrete steps . I ' d like a ball park figure for what repairs of this nature would cost please . The leak at the crease of the basement ceiling beneathe the porch is not extreme Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam Comment On Your Experience With Concrete Repair External Resources : www . quikrete . com / productlines / ConcretePatchingCompound . asp www . rustoleum . com / tds / 5494 % 20System_CS - 17_2131990 . pdf www . concretenetwork . com / concrete . html www . askthebuilder . com / long - lasting - concrete - repair / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = oZeMEeFfxzo&feature = related www . thisoldhouse . com / toh / skill - builder / 0 , , 20174623 , 00 . html www . thisoldhouse . com / toh / skill - builder / 0 , , 466378 , 00 . html www . thisoldhouse . com / toh / how - to / intro / 0 , , 20355507 , 00 . html www . concretenetwork . com / fix - concrete - countertops / www . homedepot . com / webapp / wcs / stores / servlet / Search ? keyword = concrete + patch&langId = - 1&sto . . . www . lowes . com / SearchCatalogDisplay ? Ntt = concrete + patch&langId = - 1&storeId = 10151&catalogId . . . www . acehardware . com / search / index . jsp ? kwCatId = &kw = concrete % 20patch&origkw = concrete % 20pat . . . www . amazon . com / s / nb_sb_noss ? url = search - alias % 3Daps&field - keywords = concrete + patch&x = 0&y = 0 www . concretenetwork . com / contractors / GarageFloorCoatings - / www . contractors - license . org / www . bbb . org / en / us / search More Home and Garden Topics Check Out All Costs for Home and Garden How Much Do Replacement Windows Cost ? How Much Does a Storm Shelter Cost ? How Much Does Heating Oil Cost ? Search Thousands of Topics on CostHelper . com How much does cost ? About CostHelper CostHelper is based in Silicon Valley and provides consumers with unbiased price information about thousands of goods and services . Our writers are experienced journalists who adhere to our strict editorial ethics policy | [
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] |
http://home.costhelper.com/electric-fireplaces.html | CostHelper > Home and Garden > Electrical , HVAC & Energy Efficiency > Electric Fireplace Electric Fireplace Cost How Much Does an Electric Fireplace Cost ? Wall - Mounted Fireplace : $ 340 - $ 1,800 Freestanding Electric Fireplace : $ 80 - $ 2,200 + Fireplace Insert : $ 120 - $ 2,300 + Post Tweet Electric fireplaces can be used in homes , mobile homes , RVs and basements . Styles include freestanding units , inserts into traditional fireplace openings , corner models that take up a triangular - sized space in the corner of a room , wall - mounted items that do n ' t take up any floor space or dual sided , that allow viewing from two rooms at a time . Typical costs : Freestanding electric fireplaces cost about $ 80 - $ 500 for compact black or colored metal stand - alone units that plug into regular household outlets and $ 400 - $ 2,200 or so for models with built - in frames and mantels made to resemble wood , brick or stone . For example , the Dimplex Vienna Electric Fireplace costs $ 2,000 - $ 2,200 , and includes an ornate walnut finish and a purifier air system . Freestanding unit settings start with a cold view - only fire and warm throughout various heat settings . Some units emit crackling fire sounds or simulated smoke . Added features include remote controls , wall thermostats , glass door kits , overheat protection , adjustable flame action , brick refractory look , adjustable flame brightness or colored flames . For most models , the only installation required is plugging in the unit and the only maintenance is changing the light bulb . Electric fireplace inserts slip into existing fireplaces and cost about $ 120 - $ 2,275 , depending on style and size and whether they are plugged in or hardwired by a licensed electrical contractor . Electric log sets 1 can be installed into the existing fireplace at $ 35 - $ 500 , depending on size , style and whether the unit is plug - in ready or needs to be hard wired . Corner electric fireplaces 2 cost $ 450 - $ 1,600 including mantel packages , depending on style . To make optimal use of space , many of the units can accommodate plants or media equipment on the mantel . Wall - mounted electric fireplace units maximize floor space and cost about $ 350 - $ 1,800 , depending on size and style . Both flat and curved 3 units are available . Sharing the fire between two rooms , dual - sided electric fireplaces cost $ 1,500 - $ 1,700 or more , depending on size , style and materials from metal or wood to glass . Installation into the wall is required , so framing and drywall work will be necessary . Depending on whether or not the existing wall is load bearing , the installation could take about 2 - 5 hours . Related articles : Space Heater Wood - Burning Fireplace Wood Stove What should be included : A trim kit for fireplace inserts or a mounting kit for wall units is generally provided with the unit . Additional costs : Ready - to - install mantels cost $ 275 - $ 850 , depending on materials and size . Custom mantels may cost thousands of dollars . Many electrical fireplaces may be installed and plugged in by a DIYer in less time than it takes to remove them from the packing material . For units that require hardwiring , an electrician costs about $ 30 - $ 100 per hour , depending on location . If the desired fireplace location does n ' t have an electrical outlet , adding one costs about $ 75 - $ 250 Discounts : Free shipping 4 or online discounts 5 may be available through specific websites . Shopping for an electric fireplace : Prior to purchase , measure the intended area including the height of the windows . Answers to electric fireplace questions can be found through the Hearth , Patio & Barbecue Association 6 A variety of electric freestanding fireplaces and inserts are available at Amazon 7 , Sears 8 and specialty fireplace stores 9 including Quadrafire 10 and The Infrared Heater Store 11 Post Tweet CostHelper News Forgotten Expenses In a Home Addition Budget Items like construction costs , permit fees or debris removal are n ' t the only expenses to consider when calculating the total costs of a home remodeling project . | | Posted August 5 2013 10 Most Popular Cosmetic Procedures Before the Holidays With reunions and other get - togethers scheduled during the holiday season , most people want to look their best at this time of year . For some , that means filling in those wrinkles with a bit of botox , or having a nip and tuck down here and there . | | Posted November 23 2013 ‣ All CostHelper Blog Posts What People Are Paying - Recent Comments Comment On Your Experience With an Electric Fireplace External Resources : electricfireplace . org / convert - wood - fireplace / www . electricfireplacesdirect . com / corner - electric - fireplace - packages www . electricfireplacesdirect . com / products - accessories / Celsi - Electric - Fireplaces / Celsi - C . . . www . mantelsdirect . com www . quadrafire . com / static . hpba . org / fileadmin / factsheets / product / FS_ElectricFireplace . pdf www . amazon . com / s / ref = nb_sb_noss_1 ? url = search - alias % 3Daps&field - keywords = electric + fireplace www . sears . com / shc / s / s_10153_12605_For + the + Home_Accent_Fireplaces ? keyword = electric + firep . . . www . hpba . org / retailer - locator www . quadrafire . com / theinfraredheaterstore . com / More Home and Garden Topics Check Out All Costs for Home and Garden How Much Does a Storm Shelter Cost ? How Much Does Heating Oil Cost ? How Much Does Painting a House Cost ? Search Thousands of Topics on CostHelper . com How much does cost ? About CostHelper CostHelper is based in Silicon Valley and provides consumers with unbiased price information about thousands of goods and services . Our writers are experienced journalists who adhere to our strict editorial ethics policy | [
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http://home.costhelper.com/electrical-upgrading-electrical-service.html | CostHelper > Home and Garden > Electrical , HVAC & Energy Efficiency > Upgrading an Electrical Panel Upgrading an Electrical Panel Cost How Much Does Upgrading an Electrical Panel Cost ? Low : $ 800 - $ 1,200 Medium : $ 1,500 - $ 3,000 High : $ 2,000 - $ 4,000 Post Tweet Comments ( 67 ) Power from the electrical company ' s line flows through a home ' s outside meter and into the electrical service panel , which controls the flow of electricity into the house . Total electrical usage can not exceed the panel ' s capacity , which can be 100 , 150 , 200 or 400 amps . Homes may also have sub - panels that are located elsewhere , which are smaller versions of the main panel and wired through it . Typical costs : Typically it costs $ 800 - $ 1,200 to have a qualified electrician upgrade an existing panel to 100 amps , or $ 1,500 - $ 2,500 if a new panel is needed . Expect to pay $ 1,300 - $ 3,000 to upgrade to 200 amps , or $ 2,000 - $ 4,000 to go to 400 amps . Installing a new sub - panel runs $ 500 - $ 1,000 Related articles : Adding an Electrical Outlet Electrician Home Addition Garage Conversion Basement Remodeling What should be included : Electrical panels in an older home might have a lower capacity , but 100 amps is the current minimum required , while 150 amps is common . Many new homes are being built at 400 amps , which usually is achieved by using a 400 - amp meter and two 200 - amp panels . HomeTips . com 1 describes and illustrates a typical main electrical panel , while HomeTime . com 2 provides a detailed glossary of electrical terms , which helps in understanding exactly what is included in a quote or required in a specific situation . This is not a do - it - yourself project ; major wiring changes should be done by a licensed electrical contractor . Check with your local planning department for any local restrictions or requirements ; generally a permit is needed . Permit costs vary widely nationwide . If needed , the upgrading process can include repairing old wiring , adding a copper grounding pole , and removing and replacing the old panel . Shopping for upgrading an electrical panel : Get estimates from several companies or contractors . Check references , search for complaints with the Better Business Bureau 3 and make sure the electrical contractor is properly bonded and insured , as well as licensed in your state 4 Referrals to electrical contractors are available from the National Electrical Contractors Association 5 Post Tweet Comments ( 67 ) CostHelper News Forgotten Expenses In a Home Addition Budget Items like construction costs , permit fees or debris removal are n ' t the only expenses to consider when calculating the total costs of a home remodeling project . | | Posted August 5 2013 10 Most Popular Cosmetic Procedures Before the Holidays With reunions and other get - togethers scheduled during the holiday season , most people want to look their best at this time of year . For some , that means filling in those wrinkles with a bit of botox , or having a nip and tuck down here and there . | | Posted November 23 2013 ‣ All CostHelper Blog Posts What People Are Paying - Recent Comments Page 3 of 3 - < < Previous 1 2 3 100 to 200 Amount : $ 0.00 Posted by : Whattheheyho in Wpb , FL . Posted : January 21st , 2019 06 : 01PM Amps : 200 Electrician : Had switched years ago from fuses and had several inspections now telling me I have 200 am inside 100 out . .what I looked up last inspection it has 150 . Ughhhh Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam Electrical panel upgrade ( remove old one ) , rewiring & copper grounding pole Amount : $ 20,000.00 Posted by : Sujata Satapathy in Santa Clara , CA . Posted : June 5th , 2017 03 : 06PM Amps : 200 Electrician : Pacific Electricians I had to replace my electrical panel in an emergency situation . This contractor took a $ 10K advance without looking into what needs to be fixed and then submitted an invoice of $ 20K after fixing it . I need to know what he did ( and did n ' t do ) and if he is over - charging me . Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam 100 to 200Amp service change Amount : $ 800.00 Old sparkey in BillericA , MA . April 24th , 2017 06 : 04PM Tom For you people getting a service change . A heads up the material on a simple one is about 800 $ our cost . We charge on the difficulty on the outside and if your existing panel is loaded up and how many circuits . The arc fault breakers are expensive about 45 $ our cost and required in all circuits except garage and bathrooms . So a good price ball park is 2300 - 2800 $ depending plus I he permit . Do not allow anyone to do a service change without a license ! ! Good luck 200 Amp upgrade from 100 Amp Amount : $ 1,900.00 arodiaz in Bowie , MD . March 31st , 2017 08 : 03AM Nothing But panels Upgraded from 100 Amps to 200 Amps panel and bought and extra surge protector for like $ 100 from Amazon . Lifetime Warranty and installed the surge protector for free . Main panel upgrade Amount : $ 4,000.00 Randy Wilson in San Mateo , CA . September 11th , 2016 10 : 09PM Thornton Electric 200 amp panel Amount : $ 1,000.00 Happyele in Miami , FL . August 1st , 2016 07 : 08PM Local electrician Upgraded panel no breakers left . Home built in 95 , installed in less than 3hrs , but drywall out and access readily available no need to go in attic . Replace main disconnect Amount : $ 6,800.00 SlappyFrantz in Berkeley , CA . March 21st , 2016 02 : 03PM 125 Main Ideal Electric Pricey , but well worth the peace of mind . Moved main disconnect to outside the house . Meter was so old it could not be used with modern equipment . Drilled through a foot of bricks . Installed new main and connected to existing sub panel . Ran new ground . Included all permit fees and city inspection . 200amp panel upgrade and meter box Amount : $ 1,600.00 P Dyer in Metairie , LA . March 7th , 2016 03 : 03PM Leroy Griffin LG ELECTRIC LLC I wanted my 40 yr old main service panel replaced . It had an attached meter box . Mr . Leroy installed a separate meter box and service panel . They were very thorough , having the electric co turn off / on the electricity with an inspection . Finished the job by 2 : 30pm , same day ! Panel replace Amount : $ 1,250.00 Freddie in Houston , TX . January 4th , 2016 07 : 01AM 100 - 125 CIMA WËRKS 832 - 964 - 9464 I bought a new house that was for closure I had gotten all my permits but did n ' t had an electrician I called ARS they came out and looked at the house they said I needed a new panel since it was going to be inspected by the city so the guy said it would be from the lowest $ 3200 - $ 4300 I wanted to be sure of this so I decided to get acouple more quotes and a few more opinions so I called John Moore and they said a few different things but sounded Home Electrical Panel Upgrade Amount : $ 1,800.00 William Baldwin Sr . in Massapequa , NY . July 8th , 2015 07 : 07PM 200amps Daly Brothers Contracting Company After searching websites such as Craigslist Long Island & Angies List we spoke to a few of our neighbors at a local event who had all used the same company thru word of mouth . Daly Brothers upgraded our panel with permit for $ 1800.00 . They were extremely professional and in and out in the same day . Their work was clean and the organized and labeled our entire panel which was never done previously . They are a General Contracting Company who handle all aspects of home improvements and specialize in electrical work . They were recommended and Panel Upgrade Amount : $ 2,300.00 Prince & Paris P . in WDC , DC . May 27th , 2015 10 : 05AM Micheal & Sons They were very knowledgeable of their work , until I asked to review the quote which was originally 3400.00 . I found cost for : 2 panels , Entire house Surge Protector - not needed . Just check and ask the question : Why is this ? and Do not believe everything is code unit they prove it . 200 amp panel upgrade Amount : $ 1,000.00 Tim Sanders in new orleans , LA . April 29th , 2015 08 : 04PM Leroy Griffin LG ELECTRIC LLC I wanted my breaker box upgraded to 200 amps . I was referred to Leroy from a family member . I was quoted two other prices from other electricians and he was n ' t the highest but not the lowest either . I decided to go with him as I was advised and could not be happier . He was professional , on time , neat , and even did some other work that was not originally quoted . I referred him to a friend that needed electrical work done and she ' s very satisfied as well . Replacing electrical panel Amount : $ 3,700.00 Evelyn M . in Richmond , TX . March 5th , 2015 04 : 03AM 240 Universal We had an electrical problem with a faulty wire from the pool breaker to the pump . The electrician came out and noted out Electrical panel was not up to code . It was 25 years old and had aluminum wiring into the panel . It showed signs of arc ' ing - - he said . I called my dad who spend over 40 years in the industry and he told me to change it out . The total bill was $ 5100 but the remainder was to run a new pool conduit and not related to the electrical Service Up grade from 100ampsto 200 Amount : $ 33,123.31 Rick & Melissa in Carlsbad , NM . December 22nd , 2014 11 : 12AM Hutchins Electrical Electrician said work could be done within 1 1 / 2 wks - 2 wks . required at least 1 / 2 up front . He was pd $ 2000 . on 11 / 9 / 14 , as of today 12 / 22 / 14 We only have a pole in the ground . He said he had to have the remaining bal . due to a child support issue so he could not buy our materials . So we pd him $ 1,223.31 on 12 / 12 / 14 . Then he said he still did not have Up grade 120 amp panel Amount : $ 1,200.00 a user in Houston , TX . December 9th , 2014 08 : 12PM From 100amp to 120 amp Hs electric / Pablo 832 - 310 - 3945 I call joohn Moore for a quote to change out a panel . quote was 2200 then I got another quote from Hs electric they quoted 1000 dollars less . They did a clean job I will used Hs electric again . . overhead service 10 amp upgraded to 200amps Amount : $ 1,800.00 Rosa P in Peabody , MA . August 23rd , 2014 06 : 08AM 200amps Rescigno Electric Great job and unbelievable price . They put up a temporary service so I can have some power while they worked . I would highly recommend them to any one needing electrical work completed . Upgrade from 100 to 200 with grounding ; Used John Moore Amount : $ 4,189.91 R . Day in Houston , TX . May 24th , 2014 06 : 05AM John Moore / Joel Caballero The full service also included a new door bell installation , and two dead outlets being repaired . The electrician at the outside box did great work . The company sent two less experienced persons to do the inside outlet repairs and door bell work . Those two were not good at all . They did not test theirs repairs and had to be called back into the house from the truck . I did get a lifetime service contract on the whole package - but I think the work was overpriced by about $ 1,000 . 100 vs 200 amp Amount : $ 3,580.00 carin in portland , OR . October 17th , 2013 11 : 10AM 100 I have an old home with 100 amp fuses . I hired an electrician to put in new 200 box . He quoted me $ 3580 It turns out he only put in a new 100 amp box , I am wondering what the price difference should be since I was quoted for a 200 amp ? ? rewire and change 100 amp to 200 amp in a duplex house Amount : $ 2,500.00 tina / jose in San Antonio , TX . August 21st , 2013 11 : 08PM 100 - 200amps mike ' s eletrica / handyman 1 house had 3 room restroom kitchen / livingroom 2 house had 2 rooms restroom and kitchen / living room 3 house had 3 rooms restroom kitchen / living room and a small 6 * 6 hallway the guy did a good job a would recomend him to everybody in san antonio , tx his name was mike and # is ( 210 ) 717 - 5857 . i got everything he need for the house and her just charge me for the labor part of 2500 other companys and eletrica whated any wher from 7500 to 22,000 . mike Panel Upgrades Amount : $ 2,000.00 DSiggy60 in Union , ME . August 2nd , 2013 03 : 08AM Just a note on panel upgrades . For a majority of the states electrical code panels ( 2011 National Electrical Code ) , when upgrading a panel , a majority of breakers must be replaced with the Arc - Fault type . this may increase the past cost of the job by as much as $ 50 a breaker . 200 amp service upgrade Vicki s in Richboro , PA . May 24th , 2013 12 : 05PM Grace electric 215 - 512 - 0425 John ( the owner ) did a very neat and clean 200 amp service upgrade for me at my home in richboro , pa . My existing panel was way to small and my outside service cable was cracked and dry rotted . I am a realtor and I have recommended and used him on numerous service upgrades and panel changes . The best part is that he always answers the phone personally and does the work himself . 400 amp upgrade Amount : $ 3,600.00 Nazi Martinez in riverside , CA . February 18th , 2013 09 : 02AM 400 ABonner & Sons Electric I ' ve upgraded two 200 service in my business in riverside CA . Bonners and sons came in and did a wonderful job . Very reasonable prices . Had 100A to 200a upgrade Amount : $ 1,963.00 KarenSue in Oakdale , MN . February 7th , 2013 05 : 02AM Kevin ~ 3hrs work . wont use again . Electrician to put in new meter socket $ 980.00 . Includes ( 200A meter socket hardware ) . Excel energy changed per foot to dig a trench to bury my overhead lines , then there is a $ 350.00 minimum fee to come out and connect ( all happens on same day ) . They buried my power lines 72ft distance from pole to house . Total Excel energy cost $ 808.00 The 200A breaker box was $ 125 , and an extra 100A breaker for the existing panel $ 50 . ( did n ' t let electrician change old 100A fuse box , he was told to send a jumper from 200A to 100A fuse box only . ) Not included in the cost shown above : : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I changed the existing 100A fuse box to a 100A breaker box . Took me 5 hours . Glad I did n ' t let the electrician do it at apparently ( $ 290 per hour ) . Cost of panel and breakers $ 200.00 . Cost of 5 hours of my time . . . . priceless . Page 3 of 3 - < < Previous Comment On Your Experience With Upgrading an Electrical Panel External Resources : www . hometips . com / how - it - works / electrical - panel - circuit - breakers . html www . hometime . com / Howto / projects / electric / elec_8 . htm search . bbb . org / www . contractors - license . org / www . necanet . org / find - a - contractor More Home and Garden Topics Check Out All Costs for Home and Garden How Much Does a Deck Cost ? How Much Does Replacing a Water Heater Cost ? How Much Do Replacement Windows Cost ? Search Thousands of Topics on CostHelper . com How much does cost ? About CostHelper CostHelper is based in Silicon Valley and provides consumers with unbiased price information about thousands of goods and services . 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http://home.costhelper.com/granite-floor.html | CostHelper > Home and Garden > Flooring , Painting & Remodeling > Granite Floor Granite Floor Cost How Much Does a Granite Floor Cost ? DIY , 10x10 - foot Hall : $ 200 - $ 1,000 Installed , 10x10 - foot : $ 600 - $ 5,000 Post Tweet Granite is a stunning - looking natural stone that polishes and finishes well , and is available in a variety of colors . Granite flooring is generally available in square tiles , typically 12 - 24 inches wide and about 3 / 8 inches thick . Because it ' s relatively expensive , granite is often installed in smaller areas , such as in a foyer or front hallway to give a home an impressive entrance area . Typical costs : Depending on local rates and the complexity of the floor layout , professional installation can run $ 6 - $ 22 a square foot for materials and labor , or about $ 600 - $ 2,500 for a 10x10 - foot foyer . For extremely small projects there may be a minimum charge of $ 500 - $ 600 or more , and premium granite tiles can boost the total to $ 3,000 - $ 5,000 or more . Because granite is extremely strong , relatively heavy and can be difficult to work with , do - it - yourself installation is generally not recommended but is possible , particularly for a small area . Granite flooring tiles can run $ 2 - $ 10 a square foot , depending on size , color and quality , or $ 200 - $ 1,000 for enough tiles for a 10x10 - foot foyer . However , prices for premium granite floor tiles can be as much as $ 10 - $ 40 a square foot for special colors or finishes . Related articles : Marble Floor Tile Flooring Wood Flooring Solid Wood Flooring Engineered Wood Flooring Carpet What should be included : Granite flooring comes in four main types of finishes - - polished ( shiny , for low traffic indoor areas ) , honed ( matte , for high traffic areas or commercial flooring ) , and flamed or brushed ( textured , for outdoors ) . Granite can be slippery under bare wet feet and is generally not recommended for bathrooms except with a honed surface . Although durable and dense , granite can stain if spills are not cleaned up immediately . Experts recommend sweeping and / or damp - mopping granite flooring daily . Floorbiz . com provides 1 of granite floors . Granite is a natural material , which means there will be color variations between tiles . Inspect the entire batch before installation , looking for possible damage or other issues . Before installation , the subfloor must be clean , level and able to support the weight of the granite floor . AskTheBuilder . com offers an enthusiastic discussion of granite floor tiles 2 , including installation tips . Additional costs : There can be extra charges for : furniture removal and replacement ; ripping out and disposing of old flooring material ; repairing or replacing a damaged subfloor ; and removing and then re - hanging doors . A Conneticut installer 3 charges an extra 20 cents per square foot to remove old carpet , another 20 cents per square foot for moving furniture , $ 15 per appliance moved and $ 35 per toilet . To avoid stains , granite flooring should be cleaned and sealed 4 at least once a year . Sealing can be a relatively simple do - it - yourself process with sealants that cost $ 15 - $ 50 per container . Some cleaning services will clean and seal granite , or contact the stone flooring company about this service . Shopping for a granite floor : Granite flooring tiles are available online and from most home improvement and flooring stores . The World Floor Covering Association provides a directory 5 of retail floor stores by zip code . Major online natural stone flooring suppliers include BuildDirect . com and StoneLocator . com 6 Granite flooring should be installed by someone trained and experienced with granite flooring . The Marble Institute of America discusses all types of natural stone flooring , offering tips for selecting and working with any natural stone contractor , and a directory 7 of natural stone companies . Get several estimates , asking about the training and experience of the installers , the materials to be used , performance warranties , and the length of time required to complete the project . Request ( and confirm ) references , and ask to see examples of recently completed projects . Make sure the contractor is properly bonded , insured and licensed 8 ( state licensing requirements vary ) , and check for any complaints with the Better Business Bureau 9 Post Tweet CostHelper News Forgotten Expenses In a Home Addition Budget Items like construction costs , permit fees or debris removal are n ' t the only expenses to consider when calculating the total costs of a home remodeling project . | | Posted August 5 2013 10 Most Popular Cosmetic Procedures Before the Holidays With reunions and other get - togethers scheduled during the holiday season , most people want to look their best at this time of year . For some , that means filling in those wrinkles with a bit of botox , or having a nip and tuck down here and there . | | Posted November 23 2013 ‣ All CostHelper Blog Posts What People Are Paying - Recent Comments Comment On Your Experience With a Granite Floor External Resources : www . floorbiz . com / tile / granite - tile - floors . htm www . askthebuilder . com / granite - tile / wiki . answers . com / Q / How_much_does_installation_cost_for_flooring www . thisoldhouse . com / toh / asktoh / question / 0 , , 1025712 , 00 . html www . wfca . org / FlooringStoreLocator . aspx www . stonelocator . com / index . cfm ? fuseaction = basicsearch&StoneType = 3 www . marble - institute . com / directory / index . cfm www . contractors - license . org / www . bbb . org / us / consumers / check - out - a - business - or - charity / More Home and Garden Topics Check Out All Costs for Home and Garden How Much Do Replacement Windows Cost ? How Much Does a Storm Shelter Cost ? How Much Does Heating Oil Cost ? Search Thousands of Topics on CostHelper . com How much does cost ? About CostHelper CostHelper is based in Silicon Valley and provides consumers with unbiased price information about thousands of goods and services . Our writers are experienced journalists who adhere to our strict editorial ethics policy | [
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http://home.costhelper.com/grass-sod.html | CostHelper > Home and Garden > Landscaping & Gardening > Sod Sod Cost How Much Does Sod Cost ? Do - It - Yourself : $ 160 - $ 600 Medium : $ 280 - $ 1,000 Post Tweet Comments ( 17 ) Sod is an " instant " lawn , either rolled out by machines ( sometimes using an underlying netting ) or placed by hand in mats or rolls . It generally takes about two years for a grower to mature good quality , weed - free turf sod . Typical costs : For the do - it - yourselfer , rolls of sod cost 8 - 30 cents a square foot , depending on the variety and quantity bought . For front and back lawns of 20x50 feet each , that ' s 2,000 square feet or $ 160 - $ 600 Having sod professionally installed just about doubles the cost to 14 - 60 cents a square foot , or $ 280 - $ 1,000 for 2,000 square feet . A contractor may use special equipment to install rolls of sod 42 inches wide and up to 128 feet long , which saves on labor costs , creates fewer seams and gets the job done more quickly . Usually the cost per square foot is lower for a large , flat area that can be installed mechanically , averaging 15 - 24 cents or $ 6,500 - $ 10,500 an acre ( 43,560 square feet ) . Related articles : Sprinkler System Deck Landscape Design What should be included : The University of California 1 gives a good visual of how rectangles of sod should be laid out and the University of New Hampshire 2 outlines all the steps involved . Generally all that ' s needed for do - it - yourself installation is the ability to understand " green side up " and lots of dirty , sweaty work . The ground must be properly leveled and prepared , and the sod should be installed immediately upon delivery . Additional costs : A contractor will charge more for a steep slope , an unusually shaped ( non - rectangular ) area , a narrow ( less than seven feet wide ) access making it necessary to haul the sod in by hand or other special circumstances . Discounts : If installing your own sod , try buying direct from a grower at wholesale prices . There ' s no central national website for sod growers , but many regions have local associations . Shopping for sod : Draw a rough map of the area you want covered with lawn , showing all dimensions and obstacles . The sod seller should double - check your square footage calculations . For a complex , irregularly - shaped project an installer may need to visit the site before giving an estimate . Check if the installer has any complaints on file at the Better Business Bureau 3 Post Tweet Comments ( 17 ) CostHelper News Forgotten Expenses In a Home Addition Budget Items like construction costs , permit fees or debris removal are n ' t the only expenses to consider when calculating the total costs of a home remodeling project . | | Posted August 5 2013 10 Most Popular Cosmetic Procedures Before the Holidays With reunions and other get - togethers scheduled during the holiday season , most people want to look their best at this time of year . For some , that means filling in those wrinkles with a bit of botox , or having a nip and tuck down here and there . | | Posted November 23 2013 ‣ All CostHelper Blog Posts What People Are Paying - Recent Comments Fantasy Land Amount : $ 0.00 Posted by : sod fodder in Portland , OR . Posted : February 7th , 2017 03 : 02PM Sq Ft of Sod : 0 Installer : Myself With sod costing .49 to .79 a sq ft here in Oregon , there is no way any contractor would be able to do a job for your ridiculously low figures . Update your info , and do a little research before posting low ball figures that fill consumers heads with unrealistic ideas about what they should pay for work . One way of doing it is to take the cost of the sod , and double it . So if the sod alone cost $ 500 , expect to pay at least $ 1,000 . Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam SOD installation Amount : $ 52.00 Posted by : Ivan Kravtsov in Sacramento , CA . Posted : July 17th , 2016 10 : 07AM Im a Landscape contractor and i cant help to notice that this information is completely wrong ! Now days you ' ll be lucky if you can find good quality sod for .52 / per square foot . Next there are many other factors that play a roll in installing sod . first if theres old sod you have to remove the sod . next you have to rototiller it . then you have to add another inch of dirt and then finally you place the sod down . there ' s Rental fees that have to be payed . Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam Sod easy enough for a home owner to do Amount : $ 1,650.00 Nevada miner in Winnemucca , NV . June 4th , 2016 03 : 06PM Sq Ft of Sod : 6800 Installer : Home owner I did all my own sprinkler zones , put extra piping in the ground for future drip lines or gardens . Did my back yard took 4 days to get it all in 18 pallets of sod price included delivery , they have a truck mounted forklift dropped the sod right where I needed it . This year 2016 got another 2500 ' of sod $ 816 includes $ 150 delivery charge got it done in 1 day by my self . The sod came 2 ' x4 ' pieces stacked on a pallet . The seller is very good they have clients coming 3 hours to the east from Reno NV because it ' s better quality and cheaper then sourcing it locally . Sod Install Amount : $ 1,750.00 Joe Z in newton , NJ . March 20th , 2016 09 : 03AM 1000 Self Just want to give some of you a little advice first make sure what the installer is doing is he tearing up existing lawn , adding soil , fert lime ect all these things plus labor add up . . this is a very labor intensive job so expect to pay for it if you do not agree go rent a tiller buy shovels spade , wheel barrow , ect and give it a shot yourself then you might rethink it . . . goodluck Sods for backyard project Amount : $ 100.00 Michael Judge in Confers , GA . August 23rd , 2015 05 : 08PM 300 self Price is n ' t near to actual price Amount : $ 440.00 Guillermo Valenzuela in Diamond Bar , CA . August 4th , 2015 05 : 08PM 630 the price for SOD nowadays is around $ 0.79 p / sq . ft . $ 3.49 for a 5 sq . ft carpet . Sod install Amount : $ 1.00 Joey Dee in Smithtown , NY . April 3rd , 2015 05 : 04PM 2000 professional Included Sod ( delivered ) , installed on fine screened and leveled top soil and fertilization ( 6 weeks after install ) . Also was hand watered for the first week . perfect 1 year later . Price of sod in Fresno County Amount : $ 0.00 Fresno Ca . in Fresno , CA . May 8th , 2013 04 : 05AM 1000 sq ft The price of sod is much higher at lowes and home depot approximetly .37cents a sq ft and buying direct from the grower was 32 cents . this was for Fescue , Hibrid is much higher . New Sod Amount : $ 197.00 TCov ATL in Atlanta , GA . March 24th , 2012 05 : 03PM 110 Home Depot charges $ 1.79 sqft . No where near quoted price on this site . Price of Sod in Southern California Cruzgardening in Pasadena , CA . October 4th , 2011 07 : 10PM over 30000sqft a home owner without a reseller license can not find sod lower then $ .33 / sq ft in the LA county area or any sorounding counties that sell sod , i have been in the business for over 20 years and the only time we get sod sold to us at $ .20 / square foot is when we buy over 10000 sq ft so you guys need to revisit your numbers for home owners thank you Bad Sod Sold To Me Amount : $ 960.00 Mikes Sod Works in Jacksonville , FL . April 1st , 2011 09 : 04PM 2500 sq ft myself I am a landscaper and I always bought sod from a reputable seller * Round Tree Sod * until they sold me diseased grass or sod that had been cut to thin , meaning the root median had been cut off . I installed it in a customers lawn not aware of the problem . It was n ' t the freshest sod I usually got from them but like I said I did n ' t know any better . Well all six pallets died and I heard from other customers and several garden centers that they had sold No way 8 cents per sq . ft . ! ! ! a user in Yuba , CA . February 7th , 2011 07 : 02PM I have never seen 8 cents per sq . ft ! Sod farms that would sell for that cheap , will go out of business very fast ! FALSE ! Different states , and different counties have different price varieties , but all of them have overhead so the best way to find out the price is by calling to the sod farms , or distributors straight and get a quote . This article is not helpful ! Sod Installation jacklyn in Clermont , FL . November 9th , 2010 09 : 11AM 3000 - 3800 sq ft How much would it cost to install sod , st augustine for the square footage indicated . . .I ' m in Florida . new lawm Amount : $ 1,000.00 victor tapia in chino , CA . August 15th , 2010 06 : 08PM 1000 marathon 1 Installed sod Amount : $ 325.00 Jenny Doel in Salem , CT . April 12th , 2010 04 : 04PM Southeastern CT Landscaping I purchased good sod through a local farm for $ 200 and prepped the area . South Eastern Connecticut Landscaping installed it for me . Still looks great after a year . www . sectlandscaping . com purchase sod Amount : $ 40.00 Aul Pearson in Sandwich , IL . October 14th , 2009 11 : 10AM 200 self Need sod to fill in areas about new cement walks . Diseased Sod Amount : $ 1,000.00 Unsatisfied Customer in Niceville , FL . March 15th , 2008 05 : 03AM 2800 Navare Turf Navare Turf sold me diseased sod and left me holding the bag . By the time I realised there was a fungus it was too late . All the grass died . I called them several times , they never returned my calls . Comment On Your Experience With Sod External Resources : www . ipm . ucdavis . edu / TOOLS / TURF / SITEPREP / installsod . html extension . unh . edu / resources / representation / Resource000516_Rep538 . pdf search . bbb . org / More Home and Garden Topics Check Out All Costs for Home and Garden How Much Does a Fence Cost ? How Much Does a Furnace Cost ? How Much Does Garden Service Cost ? Search Thousands of Topics on CostHelper . com How much does cost ? About CostHelper CostHelper is based in Silicon Valley and provides consumers with unbiased price information about thousands of goods and services . Our writers are experienced journalists who adhere to our strict editorial ethics policy | [
"Sod Cost",
"Cost"
] |
http://home.costhelper.com/mice-rat-control.html | CostHelper > Home and Garden > Home Maintenance & Moving > Mice or Rat Control Mice or Rat Control Cost How Much Does Mice or Rat Control Cost ? DIY Traps : $ 2 - $ 50 + Professional Examination : $ 90 - $ 250 Cleanup and Repairs : $ 200 - $ 2,000 + Post Tweet Comments ( 5 ) Mice and rats can cause serious damage if they gain access to a home or other building . They devour and contaminate food , create messy nests and foul areas with their urine and feces They can also chew through electrical , telephone , cable or alarm wires , or through PVC pipes . Typical costs : Pest control companies charge $ 90 - $ 250 for an initial examination to determine what type of rodent is present and what type of damage has been done , identifying potential entry points and setting the appropriate traps . After the initial inspection is complete , most companies provide a written explanation of the extent of the damage and a quote for all cleanup and repairs needed , which can cost $ 200 - $ 2,000 or more . The total price will depend the size of the rodent infestation , how many entry points need to be sealed , the number of traps or bait stations used , the number of trips to check and reset the traps or bait stations , and the amount of damage that needs to be repaired and / or decontaminated . For example , All State Pest Control 1 in Utah estimates average costs of $ 300 - $ 500 for complete mouse removal and $ 300 - $ 600 for complete rat removal ; and Puget Sound Rodent Control in Tacoma , WA , estimates its rodent package program costs $ 200 - $ 800 for a site - specific combination of an initial inspection , exclusion ( rodent - proofing ) , cleanout and disinfection . In most modern houses in good condition , trapping plus exclusion methods ( sealing entry points ) should solve the problem and ongoing maintenance is n ' t needed . But complete rodent - proofing is n ' t always possible ; in some cases regular maintenance is needed to prevent new infestations . This can cost $ 30 - $ 85 or more a month or $ 75 - $ 125 or more quarterly . For example , Puget Sound Rodent Control charges $ 119 for quarterly service on 3 to 6 bait stations . Do - it - yourself traps cost $ 2 - $ 10 each for mechanical models and $ 20 - $ 50 or more for more elaborate mechanical traps or electronic versions . For example , the Bell Labs Trapper T - Rex Snap Trap 2 sells for $ 5 - $ 6 each , but can cost less when bought in bulk . ( It ' s often necessary to set up to a dozen traps at a time , in order to be effective . ) Mice can also be trapped with non - poison glue boards , which cost $ 2 - $ 30 depending on brand and number in package . Do - it - yourselfers will also need to do any cleanup and repairs to areas damaged by the rodents . Costs will depend on the extent of the damage and whether new or recycled materials are used . Expect to pay $ 3 - $ 25 for do - it - yourself poison bait stations , with refillable stations at the higher end . For example , the Motomco Tomcat 1.5 oz . Ultra Feeder Box 3 is a cardboard box with mouse attractant and poison that sells for $ 2 - $ 3 and is for one - time use , while the Motomco Tomcat Rodent Station 4 for mice or rats can hold either poison bait or a trap ( where poison ca n ' t be used ) and sells for $ 10 - $ 24 . Rodent poisons may be restricted or banned in some states ; check with the state department of agriculture 5 to find out which products can be used locally . Do - it - yourself mice or rat control kits that come prepackaged with a variety of methods - - traps , bait stations , glue boards - - can cost $ 25 - $ 125 . For example , the mice control kit 6 with eight snap traps and 12 glue boards sells for $ 25 - $ 28 ; the ePestSolutions Rat / Rodent Control Kit 7 with six bait stations , three snap traps and a 1 / 4 - pound bucket of bait costs $ 113 Related articles : Snake Removal Mole or Gopher Control Pest Control Animal Removal What should be included : Two or three visits from the pest control company are typical for mice or rat removal and control . The first visit usually includes a thorough inspection , determining which rodent species are present , setting traps / bait stations and sealing potential entry points . On subsequent visits the technician should remove trapped rodents and reset the traps if necessary , and check to be sure the repairs to seal all entry points have been successful . On the final visit the technician will remove the traps . Exclusion is important in mice or rat control . The Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management explains rodent - proof construction and exclusion methods 8 It ' s important not to poison rodents where they will die inside walls or other hidden spaces and cause long - term odor and insect problems . The Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management provides detailed information for identifying and controlling house mice 9 , white - footed and deer mice 10 , cotton rats 11 , kangaroo rats 12 , Norway rats 13 , Polynesian rats 14 , roof rats 15 and wood rats 16 , and fact sheets on other types of rodents 17 Shopping for mice or rat control : The National Pest Management Association website lists local pest control companies . The National Pest Management Association lists tips for choosing 18 a pest control company . Check for complaints with the Better Business Bureau 19 Post Tweet Comments ( 5 ) CostHelper News Forgotten Expenses In a Home Addition Budget Items like construction costs , permit fees or debris removal are n ' t the only expenses to consider when calculating the total costs of a home remodeling project . | | Posted August 5 2013 10 Most Popular Cosmetic Procedures Before the Holidays With reunions and other get - togethers scheduled during the holiday season , most people want to look their best at this time of year . For some , that means filling in those wrinkles with a bit of botox , or having a nip and tuck down here and there . | | Posted November 23 2013 ‣ All CostHelper Blog Posts What People Are Paying - Recent Comments Rat Control Amount : $ 220.00 Posted by : Shelby K in Wilsonville , OR . Posted : March 16th , 2018 09 : 03AM Removal Method : Baiting / trapping / exclusion Contractor or Product Used : I had a rat issue where I can hear them throughout the house especially at night ! I called Kanga Pest Control where Jesse came out next day and set everything up . He did a thourough inspection repaired entry points and set up stations and snap traps . He was very knowledgeable and I was quite impressed ! Not only did they come quickly to take care of my issue but they gave excellent service for a reasonable cost ! Very happy with my decision in choosing Kanga ! Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam Rat Removal Amount : $ 795.00 Posted by : Darren Edhart in Haymarket , VA . Posted : September 15th , 2017 06 : 09PM Removal Method : Extraction Contractor or Product Used : Ataraxia Trapping & Pest Solutions Did a fantastic job ! Highly recommend ! call them ! 571 - 778 - 8693 Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam Rat and mouse exclusion job Amount : $ 1,435.90 Jesse1977 in Seattle , WA . March 17th , 2017 04 : 03PM Trapping / exclusion Ecora Pest Control I am extremely happy with the decision to use Ecora Pest Control . I have had 2 other companies come in and " seal things up " and paid nearly $ 700 for the first company and $ 895 for the second one . We still were dealing with mice . The guy from Ecora was extremely thorough and showed me how the previous exclusions still allowed for rodent access . He also found numerous other points that were missed and had a more rounded program that made sense . After the work was done , Mike ( ? ) took me around and explained what was done . I decided to go Oregon Rat Control Amount : $ 299.00 Anne in Portland , Oregon in Portland , OR . April 30th , 2013 01 : 04PM Trap and Remove CCP Wildlife Control LLC Professional and same day service . I had rat ' s living in my attic , keeping me up all night and eventually getting into my kitchen . They identified the rats as roof rats and found the entry holes at some vents . I had hired a big name pest control company that set poison , took my money and left me with the problem . CCP Wildlife Control removed all rats and sealed the holes . Very Happy with Dunn Environmental Services Amount : $ 150.00 Jackie Perkins in West Palm Beach , FL . May 14th , 2012 04 : 05AM Rodent Exclusion Dunn Environmental Services Very professional and quick service . I had a terrible smell coming from the attic , a rodent . He found it and sealed up all possible entries from roof and AC lines and inspected cleaned and set up some traps for future issues . He was at 1 / 3 the price of Nozzle Nolen . I liked his service and attitude . Would use again and considering doing my regular pest control maintenance service with DUNN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Comment On Your Experience With Mice or Rat Control External Resources : www . allstateanimalcontrol . com / pricing_utah . php # 12 www . belllabs . com / product_details / united - states - of - america - pest - control - trapper - t - rex www . tomcatbrand . com / product / 8 - ultra - 15 - oz - feeder - box www . tomcatbrand . com / product / 14 - rodent - station www . nasda . org / cms / 7195 / 8617 . aspx www . pestmall . com / mice - control - kit - .html www . epestsolutions . com / rat - and - 47 - rodent - control - kit - 1 . html icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / RodentExclusion . asp icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / HouseMice . asp icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / WhiteFootedDeerMouse . asp icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / CottonRat . asp icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / KangarooRats . asp icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / NorwayRats . asp icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / PolynesianRats . asp icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / RoofRats . asp icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / Woodrats . asp icwdm . org / handbook / rodents / # rod www . pestworld . org / find - a - pest - control - professional / tips - on - finding - a - pro / www . bbb . org / en / us / search More Home and Garden Topics Check Out All Costs for Home and Garden How Much Does a Central Air Conditioner Cost ? How Much Does a Deck Cost ? How Much Does Replacing a Water Heater Cost ? Search Thousands of Topics on CostHelper . com How much does cost ? About CostHelper CostHelper is based in Silicon Valley and provides consumers with unbiased price information about thousands of goods and services . Our writers are experienced journalists who adhere to our strict editorial ethics policy | [
"Mice",
"rats",
"Pest control"
] |
http://home.costhelper.com/mobile-home-insulation.html | CostHelper > Home and Garden > Construction & Renovation > Mobile Home Insulation Mobile Home Insulation Cost How Much Does Mobile Home Insulation Cost ? Blanket Insulation : $ 200 - $ 1,600 DIY materials Blow - in Insulation : $ 370 - $ 4,700 DIY materials Post Tweet Comments ( 2 ) Mobile home insulation may be added to units of all ages in the floor , walls or attic . The only difference between traditional homes and manufactured homes is how the insulation is installed . Cost is determined by the size of project , location , and material used including blanket and blown - in styles . Typical costs : Blanket insulation 1 - - most commonly made with Fiberglass in flat precut sections called batts or rolls - - is often used in do - it - yourself mobile home insulation projects for about $ .20 - $ 1 per square foot , depending on the R Value , manufacturer , size of home and location . The R Value rates the level of effectiveness , with the higher ratings going to the most effective . This product may be used in the roof , flooring and walls with a material cost of about $ 200 - $ 1,500 for a single - wide mobile home and $ 250 - $ 1,600 for a double - wide unit , depending on size of unit , R Value and location . A single - wide unit measures from 14 ' - 18 ' wide by 60 ' - 90 ' long , while a double wide is 28 ' - 36 ' wide by 60 ' - 90 ' long . Blown - in insulation 2 may be added to a mobile home roof or floor by a DIYer for the cost of materials from about $ 0.22 - $ 1 per square foot or about $ 370 - $ 2,350 for a single wide or $ 740 - $ 4,700 for a double wide , depending on R Value , size of unit and location . Both blanket and blown - in insulation may be handled by DIYers comfortable with opening the access to the spaces needed in the walls , attic and floors . The cost for a handyman would be about $ 240 - $ 480 for each day of work . Prices for an insulation professional to blow in insulation would be about $ 2 - $ 3.50 per square foot , depending on R Value , size of unit and location . Related articles : Mobile Home Skirting Mobile Home Roofing Mobile Home Insurance What should be included : In most cases , in order to receive an accurate estimate on mobile home insulation , an at - home appointment must be scheduled . When professionally installed , all materials , labor and post - site cleanup should be included , along with sealing any holes or openings created to install the insulation . Blown - in insulation may sometimes be used in walls ; however it is a more difficult process , particularly for older units built before 1976 when wall studs measured only 2 " x2 " . When accessing ceiling crevices to blow insulation in from the inside of a unit , a series of 2 " - 3 " holes may be drilled along the ceiling and walls , then a long hose a long hose is inserted and fills the space between the joists . The roof or attic insulation may also be blown through holes cut in the When using blanket - style insulation in the walls of a mobile home , either the exterior or interior walls will need to be removed to have full access . Batts may also be fitted in the underbelly by opening the factory - installed membrane that covers the plumbing and replacing with strips to keep the batting in place when finished . Additional costs : For blown - in insulation DIYers will need to rent a blower for about $ 75 per day . Anytime Fiberglass insulation is handled , safety equipment is recommended including a disposable jumpsuit 3 for $ 4 - $ 10 each , gloves ( $ 8 - $ 30 ) and goggles ( $ 2 - $ 10 ) . Discounts : DIYers may be able to borrow an insulation blower from the company that sold the insulation for a savings of about $ 75 per day . Shopping for mobile home insulation : The Department of Energy lists the most economic insulation 4 by zip code . The US Department of Housing and Urban Development offers insulation and energy saving recommendations for homes 5 built before federal manufactured home building regulations were enacted in 1976 . Check local home improvement stores for rates , installation options and insulation calculators . Locate an insulation supplier through the Insulation Contractors Association of America 6 Post Tweet Comments ( 2 ) CostHelper News Forgotten Expenses In a Home Addition Budget Items like construction costs , permit fees or debris removal are n ' t the only expenses to consider when calculating the total costs of a home remodeling project . | | Posted August 5 2013 10 Most Popular Cosmetic Procedures Before the Holidays With reunions and other get - togethers scheduled during the holiday season , most people want to look their best at this time of year . For some , that means filling in those wrinkles with a bit of botox , or having a nip and tuck down here and there . | | Posted November 23 2013 ‣ All CostHelper Blog Posts What People Are Paying - Recent Comments Trailer insulation Amount : $ 0.00 Posted by : whisperingsage in Withheld , CA . Posted : December 9th , 2017 10 : 12AM Installer : Self or better There is talk of " blown in insulation " but blown into what ? These crappy walls are so thin and flimsy . I was hoping to cover the whole thing in foamcrete substantially thick enough to do some good . Yesterday it was 14 For outside and 26F inside . This is why we ca n ' t have houseplants to live through the winter . This is also standard for trailer living residents in our area . And everybody here is poor , so ca n ' t even begin to think about what to do about fixing Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam Trailer insulation Amount : $ 1.20 Posted by : Roger Denally in Dayton , TX . Posted : November 17th , 2016 03 : 11PM Installer : Miss Her Insulation They installed batt roll and then put a vapor barrier over it on the underside of the trailer and it ' s done made a major difference . . .I ' m so pleased with the results . They know what they are talking about when it comes to insulation ! Wow ! Just amazed ! I would have paid them more if I had known I ' d have this much of a difference . Was this post helpful to you ? yes no Report prohibited or spam Comment On Your Experience With Mobile Home Insulation External Resources : energy . gov / energysaver / articles / types - insulation www . youtube . com / watch ? v = lAISHayc30I www . disposable - garments . com / products / Tyvek_Jumpsuits / Coveralls_with_elastic_wrist_and_a . . . www . ornl . gov / ~ roofs / Zip / ZipHome . html energy . gov / public - services / homes / home - design - remodeling icaa . officialbuyersguide . net / SearchResult . asp ? cid = 14&mem = More Home and Garden Topics Check Out All Costs for Home and Garden How Much Does a Furnace Cost ? How Much Does Garden Service Cost ? How Much Does a Kitchen Remodeling Cost ? Search Thousands of Topics on CostHelper . com How much does cost ? About CostHelper CostHelper is based in Silicon Valley and provides consumers with unbiased price information about thousands of goods and services . Our writers are experienced journalists who adhere to our strict editorial ethics policy | [
"Mobile Home Insulation Cost"
] |
http://home.earthlink.net/%7Eglendaalex/jamesw.htm | From Mecklenburg to Moore : Four North Carolina Families Descendants of Telemacus & Hannah Smith Alexander : James Wallace Alexander , m . Margaret L . Reid Silas and Mary Alexander , parents of Telemacus Alexander Telemacus & Hannah Smith Alexander John & Prudence Smith , Probable Parents of Hannah Children of Telemacus & Hannah Alexander : Jane Rankin Martha Ann James Wallace John Smith Silas Washington William Newton Prudence Morehead Ulysses Columbus Oswald A . Mary Steele James Wallace Alexander was born September 24 , 1824 in North Carolina . 1 His parents probably named him after the minister of Providence Presbyterian Church who was his father ' s teacher . He was a farmer and was listed as head of household at age 25 with his siblings in the 1850 census . 2 He was also appointed as legal guardian of his three youngest siblings . 3 He married Margaret L . Reid , with a marriage bond dated December 17 , 1850 . 4 They had children named Martha Jane , born in 1853 , and Thomas Morgan , born in 1855 . 5 James Wallace served in the 5th Regiment , N.C. Cavalry , also known as the 63rd Regiment of North Carolina State Troops , in the Civil War . Like his brothers John Smith and William , he was a member of Company F . 6 He died August 3 , 1863 in Charlottesville , Virginia , of " febris typhoid . " 7 On February 8 , 1864 , the Sharon Church elders voted to pay tuition for one year for the education of his children and another child of a deceased soldier . 8 Margaret died Feb 8 , 1906 and was buried at Sharon Presbyterian Church . 9 The 1903 Queen Anne - style farmhouse of James Wallace ' s son , Thomas Morgan Alexander , was designated as historically significant by the Charlotte - Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission . 10 More information on this branch of Telemacus ' s family can be found by clicking on Thomas ' s name . Footnotes : 1 . Stafford , Dr . Alvah , Alexander Notebooks , ( Charlotte NC : Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County , 1985 ) Volume 1 , pp . 80 - 81 . 2 . Stafford , cited above , p . 81 ; Population Schedule of the Seventh Census of the United States : 1850 , North Carolina , Mecklenburg County ( Washington : National Archives and Record Service ) p . 80 , family # 1303 . 3 . Telemachus Alexander , Estate Records 1762 - 1957 , C.R. 065.508.9 , ( Raleigh : North Carolina Dept . of Archives and History ) . 4 . Stafford , cited above , p . 81 ; Microfilm Marriage Bond Abstracts pre - 1868 , Mecklenburg County , N.C . , Vol . 1 , A - L , ( Salt Lake City : Genealogical Society of Utah , 1942 ) p . 5 . 5 . Stafford , cited above , p . 81 . ; Population Schedule of the Eighth Census of the United States : 1860 , Roll 906 , North Carolina , Vol . 11 , Mecklenburg County ( Washington : National Archives and Record Service , 1967 ) Charlotte PO , Eastern Division Mecklenburg , family # 353 . ( J . W . Alexander , 36 , farmer , real estate $ 2200 , personal estate $ 4000 ; wife Margaret , 31 ; daughter Martha , 7 ; son Thos . , 5 . ) 6 . Manarin , Louis H . North Carolina Troops : 1861 - 1865 A Roster . Vol . II Cavalry , ( Raleigh : North Carolina State Dept of Archives and History , 1968 ) pp . 367 - 372 , pp . 412 - 414 . 7 . Microfilmed Confederate Military and Pension Records in the North Carolina State Dept . of Archives and History , Raleigh , N.C. ; Sharon Church Records , cited above , p . 105 ; Manarin , cited above , p . 414 . 8 . Records of Sharon Presbyterian Church , 1830 - 1960 , Reel HF 202 , ( Presbyterian Historical Society , Montreat , N.C. : 1969 ) , p . 95 . 9 . Gravestone at Sharon Presbyterian Church , Charlotte , NC . 10 . Mary Beth Gatza , " Thomas Alexander House , " November 19 , 1997 , Charlotte - Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission , http : / / www . cmhpf . org / S&RR / t - alexander . html ( April 28 , 2002 ) Back to Telemacus Alexander and Hannah Smith Home Index of Names Site Map From Mecklenburg to Moore : Four North Carolina Families / James Wallace Alexander , m . Margaret L . Reid © 2001 by Glenda Alexander , updated Nov . 29 2012 Standard copyright restrictions apply . How to Cite Information from this Web Site | [
"James Wallace Alexander",
"Civil War",
"Regiment"
] |
http://home.howstuffworks.com/appliances/new/calculating-convection-oven-cooking-times.htm | HowStuffWorks Home & Garden Appliances Kitchen Appliances Calculating Convection Oven Cooking Times by Julia Layton NEXT Convection ovens cook food faster than conventional ovens . © iStockphoto . com / Mur - Al If you ' ve switched out your conventional oven for a convection one , you ' re probably already aware of the benefits : Faster , more even cooking , better all - over browning , juicier results , and , often times , more nutritional value in your cooked foods Convection ovens are pretty much like regular ovens except for one feature : a built - in fan that circulates the hot air in the oven . This one , seemingly minor difference turns out to require a rather major adjustment in cooking style , most notably in the area of times and temperatures . Because convection ovens cook foods considerably faster than conventional ovens do , many recipes written for conventional ovens will need to be adapted for convection cooking . There are general approaches to this adaptation that tend to produce good results , and they ' re pretty simple . It ' s about making a downward adjustment to at least one component of the baking instructions . . . 1 2 NEXT | [
"Oven Cooking",
"Convection"
] |
http://home.howstuffworks.com/beer-keg.htm | HowStuffWorks Home & Garden Appliances Kitchen Appliances How Beer Kegs Work NEXT Kegs are durable , portable , and ready for any occasion . Hemera / Thinkstock Whether it ' s standing proudly at the center of a party or hiding discretely in the back room of a pub , the keg is the vessel of choice for beer . That ' s why more than 60 million gallons of beer are sold in kegs every year . After all , what better way could there be to move that precious liquid around than in a big , round barrel that can be rolled , stacked and tapped ? No need to worry about bottle caps or broken glass ; the keg is incredibly durable , requires no cap and is completely recyclable [ source : Beer Institute ] . But what ' s going on inside a keg ? While beer bottles are transparent , kegs reveal nothing of the complex and uneasy chemical truce that ' s been established in their dark interiors , nor of the technology that makes them work . When we press on the tap of a keg at a party , or when we order up a pint at the bar , we take it for granted that beer will flow forth with just the right proportions of foam , carbonation , coolness and flavor . But the truth is that a great A keg is a fancy version of your basic barrel . In the factory , a sheet of stainless steel is rolled into a cylinder and welded together . Then , at the cylinder ' s midpoint , a set of ribs is pressed into it for added rigidity . Next , top and bottom steel plates are stamped out and likewise welded into place . The steel in question , a particular alloy of chromium , nickel , manganese and several other elements , is used because it welds cleanly leaving a smooth joint - - this is very nickelinstitute . org The airtightness of a keg is incredibly important - - it ' s what keeps the beer from becoming flat and flavorless . Still , the beer has to come out somewhere , and that ' s why there ' s a spear . The spear is a long metal tube that reaches almost to the bottom of the keg . Despite its warlike name , the spear is basically a big metal straw through which beer can travel up from the bottom of the keg and out through the tap at the top [ source : nickelinstitute . org ] . Just what are taps , and why do English and American brews refuse to come out of the same ones ? We ' ll get to that in a bit . Right now , let ' s find out why all kegs are not created equal . 1 2 4 NEXT | [
"Beer Kegs"
] |
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