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http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grout-tile-quickly-24276.html
How to Grout Tile Quickly Related Articles 1 How Long Should Grout Set Up Before Walking on the Tile ? 2 Tools for Applying Grout 3 How Long to Let Thinset Mortar Dry Before Grouting 4 Fix Grouting Mishaps Grout not only makes tile surfaces in your home more attractive , but also it improves the structural integrity of the tiles . Grouting tile may seem like an intimidating task , but even if you have never laid grout before , you can do the job yourself if you use the right tools and the right technique . Grouting does not require professional assistance , and you may be surprised to learn that you can get the job done in very little time . 1 Remove any existing adhesive or stuck - on impurities from your grout lines . You can quickly do this using a razor knife or utility knife . You do not have to remove every piece of dirt , but any bits of unwanted sticky residue or anything that protrudes from the surface of the joint . 2 Moisten the grout lines with water . This will help the grout to adhere more readily once you lay the cement . Do not saturate the joints , but just dampen them lightly right before you get to work . 3 Pour 2 to 3 inches of water into a bucket and then add enough powder grout to cover the liquid . Mix the water and grout to a firm consistency . If necessary , add more water or more grout until you have the perfect consistency . You should try to achieve the consistency of a thick cake batter , according to home improvement expert Tim Carter . 4 Scoop some grout onto the surface of a groat float . A grout float is a flat , specialized trowel made for laying grout . You can find one at your local home improvement store . Push the grout into the joints between the tiles , holding the float at a 45 - degree angle and applying pressure to the tile surface . Push the float along the grout lines in swift , fluid motions to quickly apply the grout . Do not worry about getting grout on the tiles themselves . 5 Wipe any excess grout from the float and then push the float diagonally along the tiles to remove much of the grout that has collected outside the joints . Hold the float almost completely flat while performing this step . This will make your cleanup job much faster and easier . 6 Wipe the tile with a damp sponge to remove the excess grout . Since you previously removed the majority of the grout from the tile , you should be able to accomplish this in little time . Once you finish grouting the entire tile surface , walk away and wait at least two hours before lightly walking on the grout . Wait at least a week before allowing the grout to come into contact with moisture . Things You Will Need Utility knife Bucket Powder grout Grout float Sponge Tip When laying grout , work in small , manageable areas . For instance , fill the joints over a space of about two square feet , then remove the excess grout from the tiles , sponge the area and move on to another two - foot surface area until you finish . Grout begins to dry quickly , so do not attempt to grout an entire tile surface before you begin cleaning up . References ( 4 ) Ask the Builder : How to Grout Tile The Tile Doctor : Grouting Tile Walls Fine Home Building : Grouting Tile Tulsa Grout Restoration : FAQs - - How Long Does It Take to Dry ? Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Grout Tile", "razor knife" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-alberta-spruce-pot-42112.html
How to Grow Alberta Spruce in a Pot With its compact form and slow growth , Alberta Spruce ( Picea glauca " Conica " ) makes an excellent choice for a container garden . Also known as Dwarf Alberta Spruce , this conifer ' s mature size is 6 to 8 feet tall and 4 to 5 feet wide , but the tree can be trimmed to keep it smaller . Although the tree can be grown in the ground , it is often chosen as a focal container plant and trimmed into interesting spirals or tidy , inverted cones . Growing an Alberta Spruce in a container 1 Locate a place to keep your potted Alberta Spruce featuring good air flow - - to prevent problems with pests and diseases caused by a build up of moisture around the plant - - and ideally in full sun , although the plant can tolerate partially shady conditions . 2 Place your container in the location you ' ve chosen . Place the container on a plant stand with wheels , allowing you to move it if needed . Alberta Spruces should be protected from heavy winds , so you may need to move your container when a wind storm arrives . Lock or block the wheels until you need to move the container . 3 Add in enough potting soil to the bottom of your container so that when your Alberta Spruce is set inside , the top of its root ball is 3 inches lower than the rim of the pot . 4 Remove the tree from its nursery pot if it has one . If the tree has its roots wrapped in burlap , remove the twine that is tied around the burlap , but there is no need to remove the burlap . Center the tree in the container . 5 Add more potting soil to the container until the root ball is surrounded with soil . Stop adding soil when you get to the top of the root ball . Mulch the soil with a 2 - inch top layer of bark dust or bark chips . 6 Water your Alberta Spruce when the soil below the layer of mulch feels dry to the touch . Give the tree enough water to moisten all the soil ; once you see water coming out the container ' s drainage holes , you ' ve added enough . In hot weather , water the tree daily . 7 Feed your Alberta Spruce with an all - purpose fertilizer in the spring . Follow all package directions regarding how much food to apply . 8 Trim your Alberta Spruce in late summer or early fall to maintain its shape or to control its size . With dense foliage , these trees can be trimmed into spirals and other shapes . Things You Will Need Container Plant stand with wheels ( optional ) Potting soil Alberta Spruce nursery speciman Bark dust or chips , preferably from a coniferous tree All - purpose fertilizer Hedge clippers or pruning shears Tips The container for your Alberta Spruce should be at least 6 inches wider than its root ball . The pot also needs to have at least one drainage hole to prevent problems caused by soggy soil . Although Alberta Spruce trees are tolerant of freezing temperatures , if the temperature is below freezing for more than a few days , protect its roots by wrapping the container in a blanket or piece of insulation . Alberta Spruce trees do not handle heat very well and should be moved into a partially shady location during summer heat spells . Warning Have a friend help you move the tree . Even if the container is on wheels , it will be very heavy and may be cumbersome . Having someone will help reduce strain and help prevent the container from falling over . References ( 4 ) The New Sunset Western Book ; Kathleen Norris Brenzel , ed . National Gardening Association : Dwarf Alberta Spruce Ohio State University : Picea glauca ' Conica ' Portland Nursery : Container Trees Resources ( 1 ) Monrovia : Dwarf Albert Spruce About the Author Based in Portland , Ore . , Tammie Painter has been writing garden , fitness , science and travel articles since 2008 . Her articles have appeared in magazines such as " Herb Companion " and " Northwest Travel " and she is the author of six books . Painter earned her Bachelor of Science in biology from Portland State University . Cite this Article
[ "Alberta Spruce", "Pot" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-brachychiton-populneus-38660.html
How to Grow Brachychiton Populneus Bring a little bit of the outback to your yard by growing a Brachychiton populneus , also known as the bottle tree or kurrajong . This drought - tolerant , evergreen tree is native to Australia . Its shiny , heart - shaped leaves provide a nice background to the creamy white , bell - like flowers that appear in the summer . Bottle trees make excellent shade trees , screens and windbreaks on account of their dense foliage and spreading branches . The bottle tree is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 11 . 1 Plant the bottle tree in fertile , well - draining soil and full sun . Avoid rocky planting sites . Choose an area with plenty of vertical space to allow for its mature height of 45 feet . Space the tree 30 feet away from other trees and buildings . 2 Water the tree deeply every 14 days during the spring and fall months and every seven days during the summer months . Soak the surrounding ground thoroughly using a garden hose . Allow the water to drain through the soil , leaving the soil thoroughly moist . Do not allow the soil to become soggy with standing water . 3 Fertilize the bottle tree in the spring just before new growth begins with a 10 - 10 - 10 nitrogen - phosphorous - potassium , slow - release fertilizer . Apply the fertilizer at a rate of 1 tablespoon per square foot of soil underneath the tree ' s canopy . Broadcast the fertilizer as evenly as possible in a ring around the tree . Keep the fertilizer 6 inches away from the tree ' s trunk . Mix the fertilizer into the top 2 inches of soil using a rake . Water the area thoroughly . 4 Select the strongest vertical branch , or central leader , of the tree . Prune away all other leaders to create a strong vertical trunk . Remove competing leaders every three years . 5 Prune bottle trees in the early spring while the tree is still dormant . Use hand pruning shears on branches less than 3 / 8 inches in diameter . Use loppers or a pruning saw on all larger branches . Remove any broken , dead or diseased branches . Prune away lower branches that impeded traffic . Make each cut 1 / 4 inch above a side branch , outward facing bud or circular collar surrounding the branch ' s base . 6 Clean up fallen seed pods in the late summer or early fall . Wear gloves when handling the seed pods to avoid their skin - irritating fuzz . Things You Will Need Garden hose 10 - 10 - 10 slow - release fertilizer Rake Pruning shears Loppers or pruning saw Gloves Warnings Never drive a lawn mower over fallen seed pods to avoid damaging the machine ' s blade . Keep small children , pets and livestock away from the tree ' s seed pods . The fuzzy outer covering irritates sensitive skin and eyes and the seeds are poisonous . References ( 4 ) Australian Plants for Mediterranean Climate Gardens ; Rodger Elliot The New Ornamental Garden ; Simon Rickard University of Arizona Pima County Cooperative Extension : Brachychiton Populneus Arizona State University : Brachychiton Populneus Cite this Article
[ "Brachychiton Populneus", "U.S. Department of Agriculture" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-dragons-blood-indoors-92674.html
How to Grow Dragon ' s Blood Indoors The evergreen , palmlike dragon ' s blood tree ( Dracaena draco ) often is grown indoors as a container plant and features a gray trunk topped with sword - shaped green leaves . Indoors , the tree reaches only 3 to 4 feet tall , and it takes about 10 years to attain that height . Outdoors , dragon ' s blood , which gets its name from the red sap it bleeds when cut , is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 11 . It grows indoors in any zone . Caring for the Tree 1 Ensure the dragon ' s blood tree is in a container at least 6 inches larger in diameter than diameter of the tree ' s root ball . The container must have drainage holes in its bottom so the tree ' s roots do n ' t become waterlogged . When the roots fill the pot , it is time to repot the tree in a larger pot . Because the tree grows slowly , one pot may be a suitable size for the tree for years . 2 Place the dragon ' s blood near a window that receives bright , indirect sunlight . Avoid placing the tree near a vent . 3 Water the tree when the top 1 inch of its soil dries out . Dragon ' s blood is drought - tolerant but does n ' t do well with constantly wet roots . Use enough water to soak the root ball thoroughly . That amount varies with pot size . If you water slowly until some water drains from the bottom of the plant , you will know you added enough water . Avoid letting the water touch the tree ' s trunk as you pour . 4 Fertilize the tree monthly during its active growing period - - spring and summer - - by using a general - purpose , liquid fertilizer . Mix 1 / 2 teaspoon of of the liquid fertilizer in 1 / 2 gallon of water , and use the mixture to water the soil of the tree ' s root zone . Do not fertilize during the tree ' s dormant period , which is fall and winter . 5 Watch for signs of spider mites in spring and summer . Signs include small , light - colored spots on leaves and webbing on the tree . Spider mites look like moving pencil dots ; using a magnifying glass may be necessary to see them . Wash spider mites from the leaves with water , paying special attention to the undersides of the leaves . Minimizing dust helps to prevent spider mites from infesting the plant . Potting the Tree 1 Choose a pot that is about 6 inches larger in diameter than the root ball of the dragon ' s blood tree . The pot also must be heavy enough to support the tree ' s weight and must have bottom drainage holes . A tree with a 1 - to 3 - inch - diameter trunk probably needs a 3 - to 5 - gallon container while a tree with a trunk from 3 to 7 inches in diameter probably needs a 15 - gallon container . 2 Mix 1 part peat moss with 2 parts potting soil , creating a soil mixture . Make enough to fill the new pot . Put some of the soil mixture in the new pot , using enough so that when the tree ' s root ball sits on that soil , the root ball ' s top will be about 2 inches below the pot ' s lip , or top . 3 Remove the tree from its current pot by loosening the soil around the root ball . Ask someone to help you support the root ball and base of the tree trunk while you lift the tree from the pot . Shake excess soil from the roots . 4 Set the tree on the soil mixture in the center of its new pot . Have your helper hold the tree upright while you fill around the roots with more of the soil mixture . Add the soil mixture until it covers all except the top 1 inch of the root ball . The soil surface will be about 3 inches below the pot ' s lip . 5 Water the soil mixture , eliminating air pockets in the soil . Add more of the soil mixture if necessary when the watered soil settles . Things You Will Need Tape measure Watering can General - purpose , liquid fertilizer 1 / 2 teaspoon 1 / 2 - gallon container Magnifying glass ( optional ) Pot appropriate for tree ' s size and with bottom drainage holes Peat moss Potting soil Helper Tip The dragon ' s blood tree is not prone to suffer from particular diseases . References ( 9 ) Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation : Dracaena Draco Fact Sheet - - Dragontree Warner ' s Nurseries : Dracaena Draco Floridata : Dracaena Draco Royal Horticultural Society : Dracaena Draco San Marcos Growers : Dracaena Draco - - Dragon Tree Portland Nursery : Container Trees Sunset : Dracaena Draco - - Dragon Tree California Polytechnic State University , Urban Forest Ecosystems Institute : Dragon Tree University of California Integrated Pest Management Online : Spider Mites Management Guidelines About the Author Jill Kokemuller has been writing since 2010 , with work published in the " Daily Gate City . " She spent six years working in a private boarding school , where her focus was English , algebra and geometry . Kokemuller is an authorized substitute teacher and holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from the University of Iowa . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Dragon 's", "Blood Indoors", "Grow" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-edible-ginger-root-24994.html
How to Grow Edible Ginger Root Related Articles 1 Planting Zones for Ginger Root 2 Grow Flowering Ginger 3 Grow Ginger Rhizomes 4 What Part of the Ginger Plant Do You Eat ? Edible ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) is also known as ginger root , Chinese ginger or common ginger . These ginger plants have narrow - bladed leaves and grow up to 4 feet tall by 3 feet wide . Ginger likes heat and humidity . Some of the most favorable areas for ginger include Sunset ’ s Climate Zones 7 and 8 and Zone 14 both for its warmth and humidity . Offer your plants protection from the wind in Zone 16 . Zone 17 is less friendly ; its mild winters and humidity are positive features , but cool Site and Conditions 1 Start your ginger early in the year by potting it indoors or grow ginger in pots year - round in areas where the temperatures are inadequate for good rhizome development . The Tropical Permaculture website suggests a 14 - inch pot holds three rhizomes . 2 Bring the pots outside during warmer months and indoors to protect them from winter chill . 3 Transplant ginger outdoors in the late spring for fall harvest . Ginger plants begin to grow when the soil temperature is greater than 68 degrees Fahrenheit at a depth of 6 inches . Ginger grows best at temperatures around 77 degrees F . 4 Protect your transplanted rhizomes from freezing temperatures . Bring your ginger indoors when the soil temperature falls below 50 degrees F if you plan to allow your plants to rest rather than harvesting the rhizomes . 5 Select a site with full or partial shade protected from direct sunlight and strong winds . Locate plants where they are n ' t competing with tree roots . Good - quality garden soils , sandy and sandy loam soils are suitable for ginger 6 Obtain a soil test to determine any nutrient deficiencies . Add amendments to improve clay soils , to address any nutrient deficiencies before planting , and to adjust the pH to a range of 5.5 to 6.5 . 7 Remove any rocks in the planting bed and correct for any drainage problems . Good drainage is essential , as ginger requires a very moist soil , but excess moisture may lead to disease . Planting 1 Start your plants by division . Use pieces harvested from fresh grocery store ginger right out of the produce section , if you prefer . While you can propagate ginger through cuttings , division is the simpler , easier method . Edible ginger flowers are usually sterile , rarely producing seed . 2 Choose a plump hand that does n ’ t appear wrinkled , shrunken or dried out . Look for a hand with many fingers . These fingers are the growing tips of the rhizome . 3 Cut the rhizome in a manner similar to potatoes , creating 1 - to 2 - inch pieces that each include at least one eye or bud . Retain three to four eyes per piece for best results . Allow the cuts to dry before planting . 4 Orient your growing tips with the eyes facing upward . Cover with 1 inch of soil . 5 Space your growing tips 15 inches apart within a row , in rows 15 inches apart . Care Add mulch to retard weeds around slow - growing ginger plants and to hold moisture in the soil . Mulch plants left in the ground over winter , as mulch provides protection from cold temperatures . Water the plants sparingly until their top growth develops , advises the Missouri Botanical Garden , as this helps prevent root rot . Provide supplemental water from late spring to early fall in areas with little or no rainfall . Keep the soil damp until the last one to two months before and during the main harvest , when you must stop watering to create a dry season for your plants . This in combination with the day length encourages rhizome formation . Give your plants three to four months to grow before harvesting small amounts of ginger . Harvest small amounts of ginger during the growing season by gently removing the soil around the edges of a clump to reach individual fingers of the rhizome . Collect your main harvest after the plants ’ foliage dies . Ginger may take eight months or more to reach harvest time . Keep and use or discard the old rhizome pieces according to your preference . The newly formed parts of the rhizomes have a more desirable flavor and texture . 6 Plant the new fingers or store them for consumption . Leave the whole rhizome in the ground at the end of the growing season to continue growing next season , if you prefer . Things You Will Need 14 - inch pot Soil test Sharp knife Mulch Tip Use the hilling method for growing ginger vertically : Dig a furrow 12 to 18 inches deep . Place your growing tips at the bottom of the furrow with the eyes facing upward , and cover the planted sections with 1 inch of soil . Plant your growing tips 6 to 12 inches apart within the row , with rows spaced 45 to 60 inches apart . Cover your rhizomes with 2 to 4 inches of fresh soil every six weeks . Fertilize monthly , starting from the emergence of shoots , or fertilize at each hilling . Warning Avoid planting ginger in the same bed with or in rotation with solanaceous crops - - including peppers , tomatoes and eggplant - - due to the potential for bacterial wilt . References ( 6 ) Specialty Crops for Pacific Island Agroforestry : Ginger ( Zingiber Officinale ) Henderson County , Texas , Master Gardener : The Inside Dirt : Ginger Tropical Permaculture : Growing Ginger Root - - Zingiber Officinale ( True Ginger ) Missouri Botanical Garden : Zingiber Officinale Sunset : Sunset Climate Zones : San Francisco Bay Area and Inland The Weather Channel : Average Weather for San Francisco , CA - - Temperature and Precipitation Resources ( 6 ) Kew Royal Botanical Gardens : Zingiber Officinale ( Ginger ) Learn2Grow : Grow Your Own Ginger University of Florida IFAS Extension : Ginger — Zingiber Officinale Roscoe East Branch Ginger : Fertilizing East Branch Ginger : Presprouting Ginger Penn State Extension : Growing Edible Ginger in High Tunnels Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Edible ginger", "soil temperature", "nutrient deficiencies" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-linum-perenne-seed-66537.html
How to Grow Linum Perenne From Seed Linum perenne , commonly called perennial flax or blue flax , is a 1 - to 2 - foot - tall plant that blooms with showy blue flowers in the summer . The blooms only last for one day each , but the plants flower profusely , making up for the short bloom time . This plant often grows as an annual but can work as a short - lived perennial in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 8 . It looks best when planted in a mass and thrives in full sun or part shade and 1 Scatter the seeds over the soil in spring , after temperatures reach between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit , at a rate of 24 pure live seeds per square foot or 4 pounds of pure live seed per acre . If you are planting the seeds over a large area , use a broadcaster to help you spread them more evenly . Cover them with 1 / 8 - inch of soil and water deeply . 2 Keep the soil over the seeds consistently moist until the shoots grow a couple of inches above ground . Once these signs of establishment appear , perennial flax is relatively drought - tolerant . Water regularly , giving the plants 1 to 2 inches of water every two weeks when it does n ' t rain . 3 Fertilize in spring after growth appears by scattering a 10 - 10 - 10 granular fertilizer over the surface of the planting area and watering well . Repeat applications each spring . Blue flax does n ' t require fertile soils but this will encourage strong early growth . 4 Cut back the stems to 3 to 5 inches above the ground in the summer after flowering finishes . Annual pruning at this time will keep the plants bushy and attractive . Things You Will Need Broadcaster 10 - 10 - 10 fertilizer Pruning shears Tip Encourage more blooms by cutting off the top half of some of the stems midway through the summer blooming period . References ( 4 ) Missouri Botanical Garden : Linum Perenne U.S. Department of Agriculture : Blue Flax Texas A&M University : Blue Flax University of Maryland : Flax Production and Consumer Care About the Author Sarah Morse has been a writer since 2009 , covering environmental topics , gardening and technology . She holds a bachelor ' s degree in English language and literature , a master ' s degree in English and a master ' s degree in information science . Cite this Article
[ "Linum perenne", "plant", "Gardening" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-murraya-paniculata-64249.html
How to Grow Murraya Paniculata Murraya paniculata , commonly known as orange jessamine , satinwood or orange jasmine , is a flowering shrub with twisting branches , dark green , glossy leaves and fragrant blossoms . Orange jessamine commonly grows to 12 feet in height and equally wide , but in some cases may take the shape of a tree and grow to be as tall as 20 feet . As a semi - tropical plant , orange jessamine is best planted in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12 . In lower zones , orange jessamine must be potted in a 1 Provide your plant full sunlight and well - draining , fertile , loamy soil . Container - grown orange jessamine will need soilless growing medium formulated for a container . 2 Water the plant infrequently , every 10 to 14 days , allowing it to dry somewhat between waterings . A container - grown plant may need to be watered more frequently than a plant grown in the ground . Measuring the soil occasionally with a moisture meter will help you establish a watering schedule . 3 Prune in winter to shape the tree and reduce the size , remove dead wood and branches that rub . Use sanitized pruning shears for branches smaller than 1 3 / 4 inches , and a sanitized , curved - blade , fine - tooth saw for branches larger than 1 3 / 4 inches . Whenever possible , make your cuts at the base of the branches being trimmed , where the branches attach to the larger branch . 4 Feed plants older than two years with a 10 - 10 - 10 all - purpose fertilizer , applying no more than 1 tablespoon of fertilizer per foot of plant height . This should be done in the spring before new growth begins . Container - grown shrubs will need a fertilizer specified for potted plants . Instructions for these specially formulated fertilizers , including appropriate amounts per application , will vary . 5 Place a container - grown orange jessamine in a room with south - facing exposure during the winter to ensure that it receives enough sunlight . Ideally , your orange jessamine should be exposed to six or more hours of sunlight per day . Indoors , this may not be possible , so expose your shrub to as much light as possible . Things You Will Need Moisture meter Pruning shears Pruning saw 10 - 10 - 10 fertilizer Tip Sanitize your pruning shears by making a mixture of one part bleach to three parts water . Dip the pruning shears in the sanitizing solution and leave them in there for five minutes . Rinse before using . References ( 5 ) Missouri Botanical Garden : Murraya paniculata University of Florida IFAS Extension : Murraya paniculata University of California at Riverside : Murraya paniculata North Carolina State University : A Gardener ' s Guide to Fertilizing Trees and Shrubs University of Florida IFAS Extension : Disinfecting Pruning Tools About the Author Leslie Rose has been a freelance writer publishing with Demand Studios since 2008 . In addition to her work as a writer , she is an accomplished painter and experienced art teacher . She has a Bachelor of Arts degree in art with a minor in English . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Murraya Paniculata", "Grow", "orange jessamine" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-pick-spaghetti-squash-50224.html
How to Grow & When to Pick Spaghetti Squash Spaghetti squash grows during the warm summer months and produces mature fruits in late summer or fall . The ivory yellow squash features a fibrous flesh that resembles spaghetti noodles and has a light , nutty flavor . You can use the squash noodles as a replacement for pasta . The large plants do require at least 4 square feet of space to grow unless you select a smaller variety and train it up a fence or trellis . Harvesting the squash at the right time ensures they are fully mature , and have attained their optimum flavor and texture 1 Till a 1 - inch - deep layer of compost into the top 6 inches of soil in a well - drained garden bed that receives all - day sun . Sow two spaghetti squash seeds 2 or 3 inches apart and 1 inch deep . Space each grouping of seeds 4 feet apart . Seeds usually sprout within seven days . 2 Water the bed once or twice weekly so the top 6 to 8 inches of soil remains moist . Spaghetti squash require 1 to 2 inches of water per week from either rain or irrigation . Water the plants near the soil so the foliage remains dry , which helps prevent fungal problems . 3 Guide the vines as they grow in the desired growth direction so the plants do n ' t overgrow nearby beds or grow into walkways . In small gardens with minimal ground space , guide small - fruiting spaghetti squash varieties onto a sturdy trellis or fence , and tie the vines to the support with cloth ties . Place a tie every 8 inches along the length of the vine as it grows . 4 Harvest spaghetti squash after the rind turns completely yellow and begins to harden . The stem begins to dry when the squash reaches maturity . Spaghetti squash generally requires three to five months from planting to ripen completely . 5 Support the squash in one hand , and cut through the stem with a sharp knife . Leave at least 1 inch of stem attached to the squash . 6 Cure the squash in a humid 80 to 86 degree Fahrenheit location for 10 days if you want to store it for later use . Store the squash in a 50 to 60 degree location after it ' s cured . Things You Will Need Compost Plant ties Knife Tip You can start spaghetti squash seeds indoors in peat pots up to four weeks before you transplant them to a garden bed . References ( 2 ) Sloat Gardens : Growing Summer and Winter Squash Texas A&M University : Spaghetti Squash About the Author Jenny Harrington has been a freelance writer since 2006 . Her published articles have appeared in various print and online publications . Previously , she owned her own business , selling handmade items online , wholesale and at crafts fairs . Harrington ' s specialties include small business information , crafting , decorating and gardening . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Spaghetti Squash", "warm summer", "squash noodles" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-succulents-containers-21004.html
How to Grow Succulents in Containers Growing succulents in containers allows you to bring your own little piece of the desert into your home or garden . Succulents look natural in western decors and landscapes . This diverse group of plants includes stiff , upright cacti as well as sprawling and trailing plants that are well - suited to hanging baskets and window boxes . Most enjoy a similar environment , but check the plant tag to see if your succulent has any special needs . Containers and Soil Succulents grow well in almost any container that is at least 4 inches deep and has holes in the bottom for drainage . Choose a pot about 1 / 2 inch larger than the base of the plant for upright succulents . Plant succulents with spreading or trailing growth habits , such as holiday cacti , in a pot 1 inch larger than their original pot . Succulents need a loose soil that drains freely . Use a commercial cactus and succulent potting soil , or mix your own from four parts regular potting soil , five parts perlite and Placement Most succulents like bright sunlight and are content to spend their days outdoors in the baking sun or indoors in a sunny , preferably south - facing window . They thrive in warm or even hot summer temperatures . When first taking a plant outdoors , expose it to bright sunlight gradually to prevent sun scorch . Provide shelter from drenching rains or bring the plants indoors during rainy weather . Water and Fertilizer You can water succulents planted in a soil that drains freely just as you would any other container plant . Saturate the soil completely and allow it to drain from the holes in the bottom of the pot . After the excess water drains , empty the saucer so that the plant is n ' t standing in water . Allow the pot to dry out completely between watering . Succulents do n ' t need a lot of nitrogen because they grow very slowly . Feed them monthly with a cactus and succulent fertilizer . If you do n Winter Rest Period Most succulents need a rest period of at least two months in winter . Place the plant in a room with cooler temperatures . Many succulents need winter temperatures below 60 degrees Fahrenheit in order to set blooms , but do n ' t allow them to freeze . Reduce watering to just a drizzle around the sides of the pot or wet the top of the potting soil with a mister when the pot is dry . Withhold fertilizer during the resting phase . References ( 4 ) University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources : Pond or Desert ? Container Garden Vignettes Satisfy Grand Desires The Complete Houseplant Survival Manual ; Barbara Pleasant University of Rhode Island Landscape Horticulture Program : Cacti and Succulents Fine Gardening Magazine : Potting Soil Recipes Resources ( 1 ) University of California Sonoma County Master Gardeners : Succulents : The Camels of the Plant World About the Author Jackie Carroll has been a freelance writer since 1995 . Her home - and - garden and nature articles have appeared in " Birds & Blooms " and " Alamance Today . " She holds a Bachelor of Science in medical technology from the University of North Carolina . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Succulents", "western decors", "loose soil" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/growing-hot-red-cherry-peppers-41936.html
Growing Hot Red Cherry Peppers Hot red cherry peppers ( Capsicum annuum ) are small red peppers about 1 1 / 2 inches in diameter shaped like cherries . They are between 5,000 and 15,000 Scoville heat units , making them a medium - hot pepper . Hot red cherry peppers are most often used in pickling . They are slightly sweet and take about 80 days to harvest . The peppers grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 9 . Growing time can be extended by covering the bed with black plastic to heat the soil about two weeks before 1 Plant pepper plants in full sun , once the soil temperature has warmed to 60 degrees Fahrenheit and nighttime temperatures are consistently above 50 degrees . 2 Dig compost into the soil before planting . The soil needs to have good drainage . Amend soil with sand or perlite to improve drainage , or plant the peppers in a raised bed . Space pepper plants 18 inches apart , with rows 30 inches apart . Bury the plants at the same depth as they are in the containers . Stake or place cages around plants to protect them from breakage . 3 Mulch around the pepper plants with 2 to 4 inches of organic material . Keep mulch a few inches from the base of the plant . The mulch will help maintain soil moisture and temperature . 4 Water the cherry peppers immediately after they are planted . Water every few days , enough to keep the soil moist . If the top of the soil begins to dry or the plants look wilted , they need more water . 5 Add a balanced slow - release fertilizer according to the package instructions when you plant the peppers . Fertilize a second time after fruit begin to form , if the plants do not seem to be growing well . 6 When the cherry peppers reach 1 to 1 1 / 2 inches in diameter and turn red , they are ready to harvest . Cut the pepper from the plant with scissors or pruning shears rather than pulling it off to keep from damaging the plant . Things You Will Need Soil thermometer Compost Shovel Stakes Mulch Fertilizer Scissors Tip Do not plant peppers in the same spot for three years to reduce the chance of disease problems . References ( 6 ) Bonnie Plants : Hot Red Cherry Aggie Horticulture : Pepper Clemson Cooperative Extension : Pepper Colorado State University Cooperative Extension : Growing Peppers is Fun , Easy and Addicting Heirloom Organics : How to Grow Red Cherry Pepper University of Illinois Extension : Warm Up with Hot Peppers About the Author Jill Kokemuller has been writing since 2010 , with work published in the " Daily Gate City . " She spent six years working in a private boarding school , where her focus was English , algebra and geometry . Kokemuller is an authorized substitute teacher and holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from the University of Iowa . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Red Cherry Peppers" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/growth-rate-hydrangea-tree-69567.html
The Growth Rate of the Hydrangea Tree Written by Richard Hoyt ; Updated November 28 , 2018 Related Articles 1 Methods for Growing a Hydrangea Tree 2 Care for Limelight Hydrangeas 3 Trim Hydrangeas 4 Preparing Hydrangea Soil The many species of showy flowering plants in the genus hydrangea include shrubs , vines and small trees . The cultivars in tree form are the rapidly growing deciduous species Hydrangea paniculata , which grow white flowers in clusters that turn purplish - pink with age . You can grow these lovely hydrangeas in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 8 . Growth Rate Hydrangeas are classified as rapid growers , or 25 or more inches per year until the plant reaches maturity . A " tree " format plant will become at least 3 inches wide at a point 4 1 / 4 feet high and grow at least 13 feet high . By that definition , at least three cultivars of Hydrangea paniculata are large enough to qualify as trees . Growth Rate and Planning cultivars growing more than 2 feet a year will quickly fill a space . You may want to consider how close to plant a hydrangea tree to a patio , building , sidewalk or driveway . You ' ll need to know ahead of time how high and how wide that particular cultivar can grow . Tree Cultivar Size The popular ' Peegee ' ( Hydrangea paniculata ' Grandiflora ' ) is typically available in both shrub and tree forms . It will grow from 10 to 20 feet high with a canopy 10 to 20 feet wide . Two more paniculata cultivars qualify as tree forms . ' Tardiva ' ( Hydrangea paniculata ' Tardiva ' ) grows from 10 to 15 feet tall with a canopy 18 to 20 feet wide . ' Praecox ' ( Hydrangea paniculata ' Praecox ' ) grows 10 to 15 feet high and 10 to 15 feet wide . You can prune these hydrangeas to shape them into trees with single or multiple trunks . Best Growing Conditions Urban growing conditions suppress the growth rate of many plants . cultivars are not among them . They will grow rapidly in partial shade to full sun and will tolerate air pollution . These hydrangeas like organically rich soil with medium moisture that drains well . If you want a hydrangea tree to grow rapidly and flourish , do not plant it where it will be growing in the shade all day . A hydrangea in the shade may not blossom or may look scraggly . References ( 5 ) Missouri Botanical Garden : Hydrangea Paniculata Arbor Day Foundation : Pee Gee Hydrangea Hydrangea paniculata ' Grandiflora ' Massachusetts Master Gardener Association : Hydrangea Basics The Morton Arboretum : Panicled Hydrangea Urban Forest Ecosystems Institute : SelecTree : Tree Detail : PeeGee Hydrangea Cite this Article
[ "Hydrangea Tree", "Growth Rate", "U.S. Department of Agriculture" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/hand-harvest-almonds-41160.html
How to Hand Harvest Almonds Related Articles 1 Are Pecans Still Good if They ' ve Fallen From the Tree & Are Still in the Husk ? 2 Care of Almond Trees 3 Almond Tree & Fruit 4 Grow Paper Shell Almonds Almond trees ( Prunus dulcis ) are ready for harvesting from early August through late September , depending upon variety . While the fruit is commonly referred to as a nut it ’ s actually a drupe , similar to a cherry . The shell surrounding the fruit is enveloped in a leathery hull that looks a little like a green peach . The outer husk becomes dry , splits open and falls from the tree when the fruit is fully mature . Since raw almonds are associated with outbreaks of Salmonella , it ’ s important that you process 1 Monitor your almond tree daily beginning in early August . Inspect all the almonds you can see from the ground , looking the hulls over for signs of splitting . Almonds begin ripening at the top of the tree and work their way downward , so the nuts at eye level are n ’ t as ripe as those at the top . 2 Harvest your almonds when about 95 percent of the hulls on the tree have split open , exposing the shells inside . Start a little sooner , if necessary , to keep the birds from making off with your crop and to prevent insect infestation , beginning when when about 75 percent of the tree ’ s hulls have split open . 3 Spread a tarp on the ground under the almond tree to catch falling nuts . Pluck the ripe fruits that you can easily reach , or use clean , sharp pruning shears to snip the stems just above the hulls . Drop them onto the tarp . 4 Knock almonds loose from higher stems with a long pole . Shake small branches that you can easily reach . Smack larger branches with a rubber mallet to shake the nuts from them . Gather the almonds immediately to keep foraging ants from getting to them . 5 Peel the hulls from the almonds by hand immediately and toss the hulls on the compost heap . Spread the almonds out in a single layer on a large tray or screen . 6 Set the tray of almonds outside in the sunshine . Cover the nuts loosely with plastic netting to keep birds from stealing them . Stir them often . Bring the tray indoors at dusk and take it back outdoors early in the morning to prevent nighttime predation . If it looks like rain , move the tray under cover until the shower stops ; do not allow the nuts to become wet . Proper drying will prevent the nuts from molding during storage . 7 Check your almonds twice daily for dryness . Shake a few of the shells , which will rattle when the nuts are dry enough to store . Crack several of the shells open and break the nut meats . If they ’ re rubbery , they need to dry longer . If they ’ re crisp or brittle when you break them , they ’ re ready for storage . Drying can take anywhere from two days to a week . 8 Seal the almonds in disposable plastic containers or food storage bags and freeze at 0 degrees Fahrenheit for one to two weeks to destroy worms as well as insect pests and their eggs . Remove the nuts from the containers or bags . Seal the almonds in new containers and destroy the old ones to prevent re - infestation . 9 Store your tightly sealed almonds at room temperature between 68 and 78 F for up to 8 months . Refrigerate them between 32 and 45 F for a year . Freeze them at 0 degrees F or colder for a year or more . Things You Will Need Tarp Clean , sharp pruning sheers Long pole Rubber mallet Large tray or screen Plastic netting Disposable plastic containers or food storage bags Tips For best flavor , leave the nuts on the tree as long as possible . To further reduce the potential of ingesting harmful bacteria , wash your hands with soap and water before and after you handle raw almonds . Always crack them into a clean bowl in a clean area . Warnings Keep your almond tree watered well throughout the harvest . If the tree suffers from lack of water , the almond hulls wo n ’ t split well . Always store almonds in airtight containers . Keep them away from strong - smelling foods like onions and garlic as they easily absorb potent odors while in storage . References ( 6 ) University of California : Harvesting and Storing Your Home Orchard ’ s Nut Crop : Almonds , Walnuts , Pecans , Pistachios , and Chestnuts University of CA : Nuts : Safe Methods for Home Gardeners to Harvest , Store , and Enjoy California Rare Fruit Growers , San Diego : Nuts For You , Nuts For You University of California Backyard Orchard : Almond Fruit Crops : Almond - - Prunus dulcis University of California : Growing Temperate Tree Fruit and Nut Crops in the Home Garden and Landscape Resources ( 3 ) YouTube - - Holtermann Farms : Almond Farmer Shows You How to Tell When Almonds Are Read to Be Harvested University of California Backyard Orchard : Harvest & Postharvest University of California : Almond - - Identify Hull Split About the Author A full - time writer since 2007 , Axl J . Amistaadt is a DMS 2013 Outstanding Contributor Award recipient . He publishes online articles with major focus on pets , wildlife , gardening and fitness . He also covers parenting , juvenile science experiments , cooking and alternative / home remedies . Amistaadt has written book reviews for Work At Home Truth . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Harvest Almonds", "Salmonella" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/happens-roots-after-cutting-down-tree-74495.html
What Happens to the Roots After Cutting Down a Tree ? Written by Ruth de Jauregui ; Updated November 28 , 2018 Cutting down a tree is sometimes necessary due to its overgrowing the space , storm damage , disease or age . Once the tree is down , the trunk chipped into mulch and the wood hauled away , the roots remain in the ground . While the roots may not become an issue , some species are vigorous and aggressive growers , and sprouts reappear in the yard . In those cases , an additional step in the removal process will discourage regrowth from the roots . Nonaggressive Roots Trees that do not produce root sprouts are unlikely to regrow once the tree is down and the stump ground up into chips . Large roots may remain in the ground and slowly decompose . In time , the ground may sink where the large roots were . Simply fill the depressions with topsoil or compost and allow the grass to fill in the space . Alternately , remove any grass and debris ; fill the depression with topsoil or compost , and rake it smooth . Moisten the area thoroughly , and then scatter grass seed and cover with Aggressive Root Sprouts Some tree species aggressively sprout from the roots even after the tree is cut down and the stump ground up . The remaining roots in the ground retain the energy stored when the tree was alive and send up sprouts . Species that will resprout from the old root system include cottonwoods ( Populus spp . ) , hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 1 through 9 , depending on the species ; Russian olive ( Elaeagnus angustifolia ) , zones 3 through 7 ; Siberian elm ( Ulmus pumila ) , zones 5 through 9 ; Cultural Controls Controlling root sprouts without resorting to herbicides requires persistence . Snip off the sprouts with pruners at or just below ground level as soon as they appear , or mow over them immediately . Dispose of the sprouts in the trash ; do not put them in the compost pile . Digging up the roots is only moderately effective , as any remaining bits and pieces may still sprout . Depending on the tree , it could take two to seven years of persistent sprout removal to exhaust the stored energy in the roots . Chemical Controls While deciding a year or more before felling a tree allows you to take measures to exhaust the energy stores in the roots , including girdling the trunk and applying an herbicide to kill the root system , most tree removals are not planned in advance . In some cases , the root sprouts are an unpleasant surprise after the tree is removed . In addition , when the offending root system is treated with herbicides , neighboring trees of the same species may be affected due to root grafting . When the tree is first cut down , treat the green cambium just under the bark with an herbicide . Following the package instructions , paint a brush - killer herbicide that contains glyphosate or triclopyr on the freshly cut trunk . Adding a few holes drilled into the cambium with a drill to make " reservoirs " gives the herbicide more time to be absorbed by the root system . Apply on a calm day when temperatures are above 60 degrees Fahrenheit and no rain is in the forecast . Always wear safety glasses , a mask , gloves If the tree trunk is chipped or the cambium is dead before sprouts begin appearing , treat each root sprout as it appears by spraying it with a glyphosate , triclopyr or 2 , 4 - D herbicide product according to the manufacturer ' s directions . Use caution , because overspray of these products will kill surrounding plants and vegetation . Do not cut the sprouts immediately ; the leaves need time to absorb the herbicide and draw it down to the roots . Wait until the leaves shrivel and die . Multiple treatments may be necessary to completely References ( 13 ) Washington State University Benton County Extension : Killing Tree Stumps Arizona Cooperative Extension , Yavapai County , Backyard Gardener : Killing Woody Plant Stumps New Mexico State University Southwest Yard & Garden Archives : Are Roots of Cut Trees a Landscape Problem ? Lowe ' s : Seed Your Lawn : How and When to Plant Grass Seed New Mexico State University Southwest Yard & Garden Archives : Trees Removed but Sprouts Develop From Roots Arizona Cooperative Extension : Cut Stump Application of Herbicides to Manage Woody Vegetation Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States ; JM DiTomaso , GB Kyser , et al : Russian - Olive National Pesticide Information Center : Glyphosate Michigan State University Extension : Killing Weeds in the Garden With Glyphosate Arbor Day Foundation : Cottonwood ( Poplar ) Missouri Botanical Garden : Elaeagnus Angustifolia US Forest Service Department of Agriculture : Ulmus Pumila Siberian Elm NH Department of Agriculture : Tree of Heaven Ailanthus Altissima Fact Sheet About the Author Ruth de Jauregui is an old - school graphic artist and writer who focuses primarily on garden topics . She writes a weekly garden column and authored 50 Fabulous Tomatoes for Your Garden . She continues to write nonfiction articles on gardening and other topics and is working on a second " 50 " book about plants that attract hummingbirds . Cite this Article
[ "Tree", "Cutting Down", "Roots" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/home-tax-assessed-value-vs-appraised-value-1666.html
Home Tax Assessed Value Vs . Appraised Value Written by Micah Rubenstein ; Updated June 28 , 2017 Most homes have an appraised value and an assessed value . The first represents the fair market value of your property . The second is the value assigned to your property by the county tax authorities in order to bill your home for property taxes . Depending on where you live , these values may be the same or different – sometimes by many thousands of dollars . Fair Market Value at a Given Point in Time Fair market value , or FMV , is the price a home should sell for under " normal " market conditions . " Normal " is a subjective term , but it generally means that the local housing market is not in distress due to a large number of foreclosures or a recent natural disaster like an earthquake or hurricane . FMV is usually determined by comparing the property to similar properties within a quarter - mile radius , and is based upon what price these similar homes sold for within the past year or two . Estimated Value for Property Taxes Your home ' s tax assessed value , or TAV , is usually a percentage of the property ' s FMV . Most states assess homes at 80 percent or 90 percent of FMV . California assesses homes at 100 percent of FMV , but because of Proposition 13 , the state limits the tax amount to be paid through a different formula . Some counties around the country , especially in areas with depressed housing markets , only reassess homes every five or 10 years due to the high cost of the reassessment process . Discounts and Exemptions Even after a base value has been determined for a property , the actual figure for the tax owed on the property could be lower due to certain exemptions . For instance , homestead properties are discounted ; so are homes owned by combat - wounded veterans , widows or handicapped individuals . Exemptions differ from state to state and county to county , so be sure to check with your county ' s tax assessor ' s office . California ' s Proposition 13 California homes are reassessed for taxes only when they are sold or after certain types of improvements by the homeowner . Outside these periods , the homeowner ' s property tax increases according to a capped inflationary index that is automatically calculated . By Proposition 13 , California property taxes are capped at 1 percent of the fair market value of the home . This means that if your home appraised at $ 250,000 , your annual property tax would be capped at $ 2,500 . Additionally , the tax amount can not increase more than 2 percent in any References ( 2 ) California Tax Data San Francisco Office of the Assessor - Recorder About the Author Micah Rubenstein has been writing professionally since 1985 . He was the editor of the online publication GrailWorld Magazine , the host and producer of the weekly " Message In Music " radio series and a former professor at Kenyon College in Gambier , Ohio . He teaches at Columbus State Community College and Granite State College in New Hampshire . He holds a Bachelor of Arts in music from Brown University . Photo Credits house image by Cora Reed from Fotolia . com Cite this Article
[ "Home Tax", "appraised value", "tax authorities" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/homemade-pesticides-roses-37091.html
Homemade Pesticides for Roses Written by Angela Ryczkowski ; Updated November 28 , 2018 Numerous cultivars of roses ( Rosa spp . ) are prized as landscape specimens for multiple available growth habits and their attractive , fragrant blooms , which are commonly utilized as cut flowers . Rose plants are potentially bothered by many pests including various species of aphids , mites , thrips , whiteflies , scales , caterpillars , mealybugs and others . When used in conjunction with good rose cultural care practice , homemade pesticides with certain types of ingredients can provide adequate control of pests on beloved roses . Soap - Oil Spray A spray to control aphids , lacebugs , mealybugs , scales , spider mites , thrips and whiteflies is made by combining and thoroughly blending 1 tsp . vegetable oil , 1 tsp . dishwashing liquid or baby shampoo and 1 cup of water - - or 2 tbsp . each of oil and soap or shampoo per gallon of water . Thorough coverage on both leaf surfaces and all stems is necessary and repeat applications every five to seven days are generally warranted . After a few hours on the rose plant , the spray is washed off to Additive for Fungal Control Where a rose is currently or in previously seasons has been bothered by powdery mildew or black spot , mixing 2 tbsp . of baking soda into each gallon of soap - oil pest spray can also address these fungal diseases . To achieve adequate control , this homemade fungicide must be applied before or soon after the disease first appears and every five to seven days while conditions continue to favor disease development . Pepper Spray Repellent A strong pepper spray applied around plants on a weekly basis may help to repel insect pests . In a gallon of water , 2 tbsp . of red pepper are combined with six drops of dish soap . This mixture must sit overnight to encourage as much of the pepper as possible to dissolve and is then strained before it is poured into a sprayer and applied around and on vulnerable roses and other plants . Before extensively spraying a pepper repellent directly onto a rose , testing the spray on a small section of foliage first to make Ant Control Although ants themselves do not directly injure a rose , they feed on the honeydew that some rose pests produce and protect these pests from their natural predators . So , to encourage the effective presence of beneficial insects , it is necessary to control the ants . A spray made with one part peppermint oil to 10 parts water applied only around the bases of roses where ants are problematic addresses the ant population . Strong Water Spray Regularly spraying rose plants with a strong blast of water effectively knocks many pests off the rose . It also cleans off the sticky , sweet honeydew produced by aphids , scales and mealybugs as well as the unsightly sooty mold that develops on honeydew . Additionally , a strong spray of water eliminates the dusty conditions that spider mites prefer . Mechanical and Cultural Pest Control Good cultural care practices are crucial for rose pest control without the use of commercial pesticides . Preserving the populations of beneficial insects that prey on rose pests by avoiding the use of broad - spectrum , persistent insecticides and planting a diverse selection of herbs and flowering ornamentals around the roses is an excellent way to control pests . Excessive nitrogen fertilizer stimulates a flush of vulnerable new growth attractive to aphids and other pests . Pruning off heavily - infested portions of roses or hand - picking pests like foliage - eating caterpillars can reduce pest numbers substantially Resources ( 2 ) University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program : Roses : Cultural Practices and Weed Control Cornell University Department of Horticulture : Integrated Pest Management Of Roses About the Author Angela Ryczkowski is a professional writer who has served as a greenhouse manager and certified wildland firefighter . She holds a Bachelor of Arts in urban and regional studies . Cite this Article
[ "Pesticides", "Roses", "Homemade" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/homemade-watering-system-vegetable-garden-35292.html
Homemade Watering System for a Vegetable Garden Most garden plants , including vegetables , are composed of up to 90 percent water , so water is an essential element in cultivating a healthy vegetable garden . If you do n ' t have time to spend hours each day watering your plants , or if you do n ' t want to spend a small fortune on an irrigation system , consider building a homemade watering system for your vegetable garden . Homemade vs . Commercial Systems If you want to see your garden grow well and produce a healthy harvest , you need to make sure your plants get enough water . Weather can be unpredictable , so you ca n ' t always rely on rain to keep your garden soil moist , and watering by hand can be very time - consuming . For these reasons , many gardeners choose to install watering systems . Commercial water systems such as in - ground networks and automatic sprinklers can be very pricey and difficult to install . If you make your own watering system , Drip Irrigation System If you water your vegetable garden by hand , your plants may only benefit from surface watering - - a drip irrigation system provides slow , deep watering that helps water reach the roots so it can be absorbed by plants . To make your own drip irrigation system , poke a hole in side of a 1 - gallon plastic milk jug near the base then fill it with water . As soon as you fill the jug , water should begin leaking out through the hole in a small stream . Simply place the jug next to the Rain Barrel If you live in a hot climate and you typically water your vegetable garden using the hose , your water bill could skyrocket during the summer months . To save money and to conserve water , try building your own rain barrel to fuel a homemade garden watering system . To start , you will need a large plastic barrel or drum , about 40 to 50 gallons in size , and a metal faucet . Cut a hole in the side of the barrel near the bottom and attach a reducing washer on the inside and outside of the In - Ground System If you want to deliver water directly into your garden soil , try building ollas out of terracotta pots and saucers , then bury them in your vegetable garden . To make an olla , apply a generous amount of silicone sealant around the lips of a saucer and pot . Then place the saucer upside down on top of the open end of the pot and press them together . This will turn the pots into water - tight chambers . Once the sealant has dried , just bury the pots in your garden at the desired interval , References ( 4 ) Gardening Channel : Watering the Vegetable Garden Modern Bushman : DIY : Free Drip Irrigation System Young House Love : How to Make a Rain Barrel Urban Homestead : Using Ollas About the Author Katherine Barrington has written on a variety of topics , from arts and crafts to pets , health and do - it - yourself projects . She has a Bachelor of Arts in English with a creative writing concentration from Marietta College . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Watering System", "Homemade", "healthy vegetable garden" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/hud-firsttime-homebuyer-programs-47668.html
HUD First - Time Homebuyer Programs Written by Kimberlee Leonard ; Updated July 18 , 2017 The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ( HUD ) has programs for first - time homebuyers through Federal Housing Administration loans , down payment assistance programs , and good neighbor programs . In addition to the loan resources , HUD holds foreclosure auctions for properties reclaimed from an FHA loan and have counseling resources to assist homeowners on buying and keeping their homes . The FHA Loan When people think about HUD programs to help first - time homebuyers , the FHA loan stands out . It offers low down payment options , ranging from 3.5 percent to 10 percent and has some of the most flexible credit options of all loan categories . The FICO minimum score is 500 , but buyers with a FICO 580 or higher get the 3.5 percent down payment option . Other features making this a favorite among many first - time homebuyers is the seller ' s credit . Simply put , sellers can give buyers up to 6 percent Down Payment Assistance Programs Through the FHA or its state affiliate programs such as the California Housing Finance Agency ( CalHFA ) , HUD sets guideline to help homeowners obtain a junior loan for up to 3.5 percent closing costs . This valuable program helps homeowners who are unable to meet the down payment requirement – but who meet all other guidelines – to fund the loan and get into their first home . These programs require homebuyers to complete an 8 - hour course on home buying and good household financial practices . Good Neighbor Next Door Program HUD has a special program that assists firefighters , emergency medical technicians and teachers buy a home in communities deemed revitalization zones . This Good Neighbor Next Door Program allows eligible participants buy a home at 50 percent of the price . By helping good neighbors , HUD improves at - risk neighborhoods with educated citizens who ' s life work is to make a difference in their communities . Other Programs After a first - time homebuyer is in his home , HUD continues to offer support programs to help homeowners keep their homes . There are streamline refinances available for FHA loans that do n ' t require appraisals and heavy underwriting to help new homeowners reduce payments . Modifications programs exist to help new homeowners lower loan terms if their home value drops below the loan balance . There are also unemployment resources to suspend payments if homeowners lose their job . Some programs put the loan into a temporary forbearance , suspending payments so homeowners can more objectively find solutions without imminent foreclosure . Ironically , HUD foreclosure auctions are another resource for homebuyers eligible for an FHA loan to get an FHA - insured property often at a wholesale price . The auctions are of bank - owned properties reclaimed after an FHA foreclosure and put back into the system . References ( 3 ) California Housing Finance Agency : MyHome Assistance Program U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development : Homeownership Assistance : California U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development : About Good Neighbor Next Door Resources ( 2 ) HUD : Buying A Home HUD : Common Questions from First - time Homebuyers About the Author With more than 15 years of professional writing experience , Kimberlee finds it fun to take technical mumbo - jumbo and make it fun ! Her first career was in financial services and insurance . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "HUD", "foreclosure auctions", "FHA loan" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/hud-loan-requirements-2807.html
HUD Loan Requirements Written by Kaye Morris ; Updated July 18 , 2017 Related Articles 1 HUD Requirements for a Property Loan 2 What Is a HUD Loan ? 3 Qualify for HUD Homes 4 Finance Manufactured Homes With Bad Credit The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development provides lending guidelines for government - insured mortgage loans , referred to as Federal Housing Administration ( FHA ) loans . The intent of FHA loans is to provide an easier route to home ownership for low - to moderate - income families . HUD accomplishes this by setting less stringent loan requirements than those for a conventional mortgage . Low Down Payment The down payment required for an FHA loan is one reason it is desirable to home buyers , especially those who do not have a lot of cash saved but have the ability to make a monthly mortgage payment . FHA loans require as little as 3.5 percent down payment toward the home purchase . Lenient Credit Score Requirements FHA loans have some of the most lenient credit score requirements on the market while still providing the borrower with competitive market interest rates . The minimum credit score required for an FHA loan is 580 ; however , financial institutions may set individual credit requirements that are higher than the minimum required . The higher credit limits set by lenders are still usually well below what is required for a non - FHA loan . You do not have to have perfect credit to obtain an FHA loan . Late payments and other credit dings are reviewed for a pattern of behavior rather than simply disqualifying a borrower for any credit flaw . Even a foreclosure or bankruptcy will not prevent you from gaining an FHA loan , although HUD outlines specific timelines for which a borrower will become eligible for an FHA loan following bankruptcy or foreclosure . Lenient Debt Ratios Debt ratios determine how high a borrower ’ s monthly house payment can be . Two ratios are considered for each FHA loan : a front - end ratio and a back - end ratio . To calculate the front - end ratio , multiply the borrower ’ s gross monthly income by 29 percent . That yields the maximum allowed monthly payment for the home . The back - end ratio is a monthly limit on the total debt to income allowed to qualify for the home . To calculate the back - end ratio , add the potential Limits on Lending FHA loans are intended for purchasing average homes in a given area , so HUD limits the amount that lenders can underwrite for FHA loans based on the county or parish and state in which the home is located . For example , the maximum FHA loan in San Francisco is $ 636,150 where Fresco is $ 281,750 for single family homes . Guidelines are based on median income . If you wish to use an FHA loan to purchase your new home , check with your lender for the lending limits in your desired area . References ( 2 ) CNNMoney . com : Harder to Get an Uncle Sam Mortgage US Department of Housing and Urban Development : Let FHA Loans Help You Resources ( 1 ) FHA . com : FHA Limits About the Author Kaye Morris has over four years of technical writing experience as a curriculum design specialist and is a published fiction author . She has over 20 years of real estate development experience and received her Bachelor of Science in accounting from McNeese State University along with minors in programming and English . Photo Credits old southern home image by Photoeyes from Fotolia . com Cite this Article
[ "HUD Loan", "Federal Housing Administration", "Low Down Payment" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/indoor-palm-tree-tips-leaves-turning-brown-50036.html
Indoor Palm Tree Tips for Leaves That Are Turning Brown Written by Molly Allman ; Updated December 14 , 2018 Palms include both tropical and subtropical plants and when grown indoors , bring a sense of the tropics and an exotic feel to your home . Palms grown indoors need proper care to thrive and produce the large fan or feathered leaves , depending on species . When caring for indoor palms , the plant needs the correct amount of light , fertilizer , water and correct temperature to prevent foliage problems , such as brown leaves . Importance of Room Temperature Indoor palms require warm temperatures . The ideal temperature is between 60 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit during the day and about 60 F at night . The exception to this is when plants are not actively growing , in winter . In winter , the plants can withstand cooler temperature of 55 to 60 F . Palms that are kept too cool show signs of cold injury , which includes brownish - red areas on the leaves . To prevent chilling injury , keep plants in a room with a temperature above 45 F and away from drafty areas , Avoid Too Much Direct Sunlight Indoor palms can suffer from too much or too little light . Symptoms of too much direct sunlight include gray or brown - colored scorched leaves and leaves that shrivel and die . Most indoor palms require natural bright light all year , so if you place the palm near an east - facing or south - facing window with filtered light , it should get enough natural light . Know How to Water Properly Proper watering is important to the health of an indoor palm . If a plant does n ' t get enough water , it can suffer from dried leaves and brown leaf tips and margins . Palms need to be kept moist , but you should never allow them to dry out or sit in water . You can allow the soil of the palm to dry out slightly below the surface between waterings during active growth and allow the soil to become dry out a little deeper between waterings in winter . When you do water , pour water Avoid Too Much Fertilizer Too much fertilizer can harm indoor palms and , like improper watering , can cause brown leaf tips and margins . When fertilizer builds up and the soil is allowed to dry out , it can cause leaf burn . Palms require a slow - release or diluted liquid fertilizer , but only when plant is actively growing . The active growth period for palms is from late winter through early fall . If you are unsure about how much fertilizer to use , it is best to under - feed than over - feed the plant . References ( 3 ) Clemson Cooperative University : Indoor Palms Alabama Cooperative Extension System : Home Selection and Care of Interior Foliage Plants University of Minnesota Cooperative Extension : Growing Palms Indoors About the Author Based in Indiana , Molly Allman holds a B.A. in professional writing . She works as both a writer and author and enjoys writing articles on many different topics . She specializes in topics concerning health , crafts , family and lifestyles . Her fiction writing appears in " Bewildering Stories , " " The Other Herald " and " Spectacular Speculations . " Cite this Article
[ "Indoor Palm Tree" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/install-hardwood-flooring-trim-pieces-52929.html
How to Install Hardwood Flooring Trim Pieces Related Articles 1 Install Floor Molding 2 Install 1 / 4 - Inch Round Molding Floor Trim 3 Replace Floor Trim 4 Install Hardwood Floors Around Doors Trim , or base molding , at the walls in rooms with hardwood flooring , covers any gaps between the flooring and walls and accents the floor . Some homeowners prefer a hardwood trim that matches the floor , while others may prefer a painted trim that matches the walls . Prefinished hardwood and painted base molding is available in a variety of styles and sizes through online sources and molding outlets . For a novice home - improvement enthusiast , using manufactured inside and outside corners saves time and assures the installation has a professional look . Materials and Setting Up 1 Measure the lineal footage of walls where the trim will install with a measuring tape . Note the number of inside corners , outside corners or both . Obtain the prefinished hardwood or painted trim and matching manufactured corners based on these calculations . 2 Position a utility table in the center of the room where the trim installs . Place a miter saw or miter box and finish handsaw at one end of the table and near one edge . Stage the pieces of trim and corners nearby . 3 Inspect the lower portions of each wall for lumps or thick paint drips that can affect a uniform installation of the trim and corners . Smooth these areas with a medium - grit sanding block . Remove any debris along the base of the walls with a vacuum and brush attachment . Installing the Trim 1 Start by installing the manufactured corners . Fit a corner into place and attach it to the walls with 5d finish nails and a smooth - face hammer . Pairs of nails should be 1 / 2 inch up from the floor and 1 / 2 inch down from the upper edge of the piece , and 1 / 2 inch from the outer and inner ends at each half of a corner . 2 Determine the length of the first piece of trim that installs at the longest wall . To do this , measure the distance between the ends of two corner pieces at the wall , or between the end of a corner piece and the side of the casing at a door . 3 Measure and mark the first piece of trim to length . Align the mark with the blade of the miter saw or at the square - cut slot in a miter box . Make a square cut at the mark with the miter saw or a finish handsaw . Remove any burrs at the cut end with a fine - grit sanding block . Lay the piece along the base of the wall where it will install . 4 Continue to measure , mark and cut the remaining pieces of trim one at a time . Place each piece along the base of the wall at the location it will install as you go . 5 Start at one wall . Fit a piece of trim into place at the base of the wall . Attach it to the wall with pairs of 5d nails at 16 - inch intervals from end to end . Continue to install the remaining pieces of trim . 6 Set the heads of each nail 1 / 16 inch deep with a nail set and the hammer . The trim is ready for wood filler at the nail sets and joints and caulking along the upper edges at the walls . Things You Will Need Measuring tape Trim , hardwood or painted Inside and outside corners , hardwood or painted Utility table Miter saw or miter box and finish handsaw Sanding block , medium grit Vacuum and brush attachment Finish nails , 5d Smooth - face hammer Sanding block , fine - grit Nail set Tips In some cases , it may be necessary to drive nails within 1 / 2 inch from an edge or end of the trim pieces for a uniform installation . Cutting off the pointed tips of the nails with wire cutters beforehand reduces the chances of splitting the wood because the nails no longer act as wedges inside the wood . Some professionals drive finish nails partially and cut off the heads with wire cutters before setting the nails . This leaves smaller holes that all but disappear with wood filler . Cut off the tip of a tube of caulking to make a 1 / 8 - inch opening when caulking the seams along the upper edges of the trim and the walls . This eliminates getting too much caulking at the seam . Use the tip of one finger in a damp rag to smooth the caulking to a uniform appearance as you go . Warning Always wear eye protection , such as safety glasses or a clear shield , when using a power saw . About the Author William Machin began work in construction at the age of 15 , while still in high school . In 35 years , he ' s gained expertise in all phases of residential construction , retrofit and remodeling . His hobbies include horses , motorcycles , road racing and sport fishing . He studied architecture at Taft Junior College . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Hardwood Flooring Trim Pieces", "homeowners" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/install-plasma-tv-far-should-ceiling-99110.html
How Do You Install a Plasma TV and How Far Should It Be From the Ceiling ? Related Articles 1 Recycle a Plasma TV 2 Hang a Mirror on Ceramic Tile 3 Create a Romantic Purple Bedroom 4 Convert an Armoire to a Wine Rack Flat - panel televisions can fit in positions impossible for the televisions of a generation ago . From LCD to plasma televisions , these units take up a minimum of space and can even hang on walls . This versatility presents a number of challenges , such as knowing exactly how to hang the television safely and knowing just where to place it . With some basic mounting techniques and viewing considerations , you can install a plasma TV the proper distance from the ceiling . 1 Sit in the location from which you plan on watching the plasma television . 2 Measure the distance from your eyes to the floor . This distance represents the highest point at which the bottom of the television should be mounted . 3 Mark the desired height of the television on the wall . 4 Hold the flat - panel mounting bracket against the wall and mark the mounting screw holes against the wall . 5 Drill pilot holes in the marked holes with a power drill using a drill bit slightly smaller than the drywall anchors you will use . Alternatively , use a handheld rotary tool with an all - purpose bit to drill the holes . 6 Tap a drywall anchor into each of the pilot holes . 7 Hold the mounting bracket in place against the wall and drive screws into the drywall anchors with a power drill and driver bit . 8 Line up the television brackets of the flat - panel mounting kit with the corresponding mounting holes in the back of the plasma television . 9 Screw the television brackets in place with a power drill and driver bit . 10 Lift the television so the hooks of the television bracket hang on the mounting bracket and the television rests in place . 11 Tighten any locking screws that secure the television brackets to the mounting bracket . 12 Plug the television ' s power cord into a power outlet and attach any desired audio or video cables . Things You Will Need Tape measure Flat - panel mounting kit Power drill Drill bit set Rotary tool with drilling accessories Drywall anchors Hammer Driver bit set Tip Fasten the mounting bracket into a wall stud instead of hollow wall space for a much stronger installation . Warning Flat - screen televisions are heavy , despite the slim lines . Unstable mounting can cause it to fall , destroying the TV . References ( 3 ) Practical Home Theater Guide : Where to Place and How to Hang Your Plasma TV Practical Home Theater Guide : TV Viewing Distance and Screen Size Crutchfield ; TV and HDTV FAQ ; Steve Kindig Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Plasma TV", "Flat-panel televisions", "LCD" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/install-rafters-house-wall-68585.html
How to Install Rafters to a House Wall Rafters are the most important framing component of any roof . They hold up the roof sheathing , and they safely transfer the weight of the roof to the building ' s walls so that the walls can effectively transmit the weight to the ground . The point where rafters meet the wall of a house is an intersection of several framing members , and that intersection is the key to a structurally sound roof . Common Rafters In a sloped roof , common rafters run from the peak of the roof down to the top of the exterior walls of the building . At the peak , the rafters are nailed to a ridge board , and at the top of the wall , rafters are attached to the horizontal top plate of the wall framing . In conventional framing , the ridge board does n ' t support the weight load of the roof ; the entire load of the roof is transmitted down through the rafters to the top of the wall , making the Birdsmouth Where the rafter meets the top plate , a notch called a birdsmouth fits over the plate and provides a secure and stable surface for the rafter to sit on . The birdsmouth consists of a horizontal cut , called a seat cut , that rests on top the plate , and a vertical cut , called a plumb cut , that rests against the outer edge of the plate . The part of the rafter beyond the birdsmouth overhangs the wall and forms the eaves of the roof . Rafter Ties The weight of the roof exerts a force on the bottom of the rafters that makes them want to spread out horizontally and push the exterior walls of the building outward . To counteract this force , rafters are paired with rafter ties , also called ceiling joists , that span horizontally between the exterior walls of the building at the bottom of the rafters . These ties hold the walls together and prevent the rafters from pushing them outward . Fasteners The requirements for fastening rafters and ceiling joists to top plates are specified by your local building code . Ceiling joists and rafters are nailed together , and both the rafters and joists are nailed to the top plate . Typical code requirements specify toenailing rafters to plates with three 8d nails , toenailing joists to plates with three 8d nails and face nailing joists to rafters with three 16d nails . References ( 3 ) American Wood Council : Details for Conventional Wood Frame Construction International Building Code : Wood - Connections and Fasteners InterNACHI : Roof Framing About the Author Evan Gillespie grew up working in his family ' s hardware and home - improvement business and is an experienced gardener . He has been writing on home , garden and design topics since 1996 . His work has appeared in the South Bend Tribune , the Fort Wayne Journal - Gazette , Arts Everywhere magazine and many other publications . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Rafters", "House Wall", "Home Improvement" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/install-shower-drain-trap-98100.html
How to Install a Shower Drain Trap Related Articles 1 Plumb a Shower Drain to Avoid Sewer Gases 2 Solidly Attach a Shower to a P - Trap 3 Use S - Traps or P - Traps in Plumbing 4 Install a Bathtub P - Trap Every plumbing fixture has a p - trap , which serves multiple purposes . First , and most importantly , the trap provides a watertight seal to prevent sewer gases from passing from the sewer system through to the inside of the home . Another purpose of a trap is to collect sediment before it passes through and into the sewer . A shower p - trap and drain will be either 1 1 / 2 - or 2 - inch diameter pipe . 1 Cut the existing drain line that you want to connect the shower drain to by using a hack saw or power saber saw with a fine tooth blade . Use a cloth or file to remove any burrs from the cut end of the pipe . Place a rubber coupling with stainless steel compression bands on the existing drain and slide it on about half the length of the coupling . 2 Install a connecting fitting to the shower drain . There are basically four different types of possible connections ; threaded , solvent , rubber caulking or tubular compression . Determine the type of connection you have and install the PVC adapter for that connection : threaded , use a female adapter ; solvent , glue the pipe directly into shower drain ; caulking , push the pipe into drain and slide the doughnut shaped gasket around the pipe ; and tubular , use a tubular adapter with compression gasket and nut . Use thread sealant on all pipe threads and 3 Hold the p - trap in place where it will rest when you are finished , and measure the length of PVC pipes you will need to connect the drain and p - trap to the shower . You may have to use PVC elbow fittings to make any directional changes in the drain to line up the p - trap properly with the shower drain outlet . You may find it helpful to have someone help you do this by holding parts or measuring . You should locate the p - trap directly under the outlet of the shower 4 Cut the pipe pieces using a hack saw . Using a cloth or by wearing gloves , remove any burrs from the PVC pipe ends . Connect the PVC pipe to the existing drain pipe by the rubber coupling and tighten the bands turning the screws clockwise using either a flat screwdriver or 5 / 16 - inch socket . Assemble all the PVC pipe , fittings and p - trap pieces by a dry fit without PVC cement so that the trap is connected to the shower . 5 Use a marking pen to place alignment marks on all fitting and pipe connecting points . After marking , disassemble the pieces except for the rubber coupling connection and the PVC connecting drain fitting on the shower . 6 Apply PVC primer to the outside ends of the pipe pieces and also to the inside hubs of the p - trap , shower adapter and any fittings used to make directional changes . Place a thick coat of PVC cement over the ends of the pipe and on the inside of the fitting hubs . Insert the pipe into the fittings ; reassemble all the pieces being careful to line up the alignment marks and gluing the fittings and pipe together . 7 Support the pipe and fittings with pipe support hooks or plumber ' s strap . Use small nails to attach hooks or strap to the house framing . Place support at least every 4 linear feet . Allow the glued joints to dry overnight and run shower to test for leaks . If you see water dripping from a threaded connection , take that connection apart and apply a thick coat of plumber ' s thread sealant to the threads and gaskets . If the leak is from a glued pipe joint , make sure the outside of the pipe Things You Will Need Hack saw or electric saber saw Cloth or file Rubber coupling PVC pipe PVC elbow fittings PVC primer and cement PVC p - trap PVC tubular trap adapter Doughnut seal Pipe wrenches Plumbers thread sealant Gloves Eye protection Cloth Pipe support hooks Plumbers strap Small nails Tip When connecting to old threaded fitting , in addition using to pipe dope , wrap a few windings of candle wick string around the threads . This string helps to fill any loose spots in the old threads . Warnings Wear eye protection while working . Allow for proper ventilation while using PVC primer and cement . References ( 2 ) Family Handyman : Plumb & Install a Shower Base This Old House : How to Replace a Bathtub Drum Trap About the Author Tom Dennis has been writing technical as well as faith - related articles and curriculum since 2008 . He has been a licensed plumber for more than 30 years with much experience in home projects . Dennis holds a Master of Religious Education degree from Grand Rapids Theological Seminary . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Shower Drain Trap", "sewer system", "shower p-trap" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/install-union-old-plumbing-48622.html
How to Install a Union on Old Plumbing Older buildings have many charming aspects , but the plumbing usually is n ' t one of them . Because every connection is threaded , replacing a damaged section of old galvanized pipe requires you to either disassemble the sections leading up to it or cut the pipe . Fortunately , putting everything back together again is comparatively easy thanks to a special connector called a union . A union allows you to join one section of standard - thread pipe to another while the opposite ends of the pipes are still connected , saving a great deal of time 1 Turn off the water to the line under repair . Open a faucet on the lowest part of the line and allow it to drain . Place a bucket under the damaged section of pipe to catch any remaining water . 2 Cut through the damaged section of pipe using a reciprocating saw or hacksaw . Hold the pipe securely as you cut it to prevent excessive motion in adjoining sections . 3 Unthread both pieces of the damaged pipe from the connectors on the opposite end of the cut . Hold the connector securely in position with one pipe wrench while using a second wrench to turn the piece of pipe counterclockwise . 4 Clean the threads of the open connectors using a wire brush , then wipe away any debris with a rag . Examine the threads for signs of damage , and replace the connectors if necessary . 5 Measure the distance between the two connectors . Purchase a galvanized union and two sections of pipe totaling that distance . Ideally , size the sections of pipe to place the union on one side or the other of the repair area , close to the existing connector with the best support . For example , if the needed distance is 5 feet , use one piece of pipe measuring 4 feet and a second piece measuring 1 foot , installing the 1 foot section on the most firmly supported side of the repair . Alternatively , and on longer 6 Apply pipe thread compound to both ends of the two new sections of pipe . Thread one section into each of the existing connectors . Tighten the pipes by turning them clockwise with one wrench while holding the adjacent fitting securely in position with another . 7 Thread the male half of the union nut onto the left - side pipe , and tighten it securely . Slip the ring nut portion of the union onto the right - side pipe with the threads facing outward . Thread on the other half of the union nut , and tighten it securely . 8 Apply a small amount of thread compound to the threads of the male union nut . Maneuver the two halves of the union until the machined faces align and you are able to thread the ring nut onto the male union nut . Hold the male union nut securely in position with one wrench while tightening the ring nut with the other . 9 Turn on the water and check for leaks . Things You Will Need Bucket Reciprocating saw or hacksaw 2 pipe wrenches Small wire brush Rag Galvanized union 2 lengths of galvanized pipe Pipe thread compound Tips Generally , when measuring for replacement sections of pipe , allow for 1 / 2 - inch thread penetration into each connection . During installation , tighten galvanized pipe and fittings by turning them three to four turns past hand - tight . To properly use a pipe wrench , keep the pipe centered between the jaws rather than allowing the pipe to rest against the back of the hook . Warning Repairs on gas piping should be performed by licensed professionals . References ( 3 ) On the House : Pipe Replacement The Family Handyman : Join Copper and Galvanized Steel Pipe Rigid : Proper Use of Pipe Wrenches Resources ( 1 ) InspectAPedia : Galvanized Iron Water Supply Piping , & Galvanized Drain Piping About the Author Steve Hamilton has been writing professionally since 1983 . His credits include novels under the Dell imprint and for Harlequin Worldwide . A remodeling and repair specialist with over 20 years experience , he is also a Certified Pool Operator and holds an EPA Universal refrigerant certification . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Plumbing", "galvanized pipe", "galvanized union" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/installing-tile-expensive-81878.html
Skip to main content . Home Guides Is Installing Tile Expensive ? by Joshua Clement Related Articles and Videos Laminate Flooring | Do You Remove the Spacers After Installing Laminate Flooring ? Laminate Flooring | Different Methods of Installing Laminate Flooring Underlayment | How to Install Underlayment for a Laminate Floor With Staples Stick - Down Tile | How to Remove Stick - Down Tile New Flooring | Installing New Flooring Over Linoleum 30 - Inch Carpet Tile | How to Install 30 - Inch Carpet Tile < > Is Installing Tile Expensive ? When installing tile , there are several different things that you can do to both increase and decrease the price . Find out if installing tile is expensive with help from a Foreman for Lighty Contractors in this free video clip . Show More Info
[ "Tile", "Foreman", "Lighty Contractors" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/italian-cypress-pots-95472.html
Italian Cypress in Pots Related Articles 1 Cypress Plant Care 2 Care for Italian Cypress Trees 3 Trouble With Italian Cypress Trees 4 Prune an Italian Cypress Tall and slender is n ’ t just an attractive trait for fashion models . In the garden , a willowy plant may be just the focal point you ’ re looking for , and Italian cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens ) may fit the bill . Although these skinny green columns , capable of reaching 40 to 60 feet tall with a 3 - to 6 - foot spread , make striking foundation plantings , they provide wind screens when planted 3 feet apart . Italian cypress trees are simple to grow in containers provided they ' re given the Pots and Soil Container size depends on the size of an Italian cypress at planting . A good rule of thumb is to use a container that is 2 inches larger in diameter than the nursery pot in which the tree grows . As the tree increases in size , repot it in a larger container until the tree reaches the size you desire . At that time , root - pruning every two to three years will keep it that size . Because Italian cypress trees need to be root - pruned , potting them in homemade or purchased containers with removable Planting Time Whether you plant Italian cypress trees in pots or in the ground , fall or winter are the two best times to do it . The trees go dormant in winter , and so uprooting them from their nursery pots during that time causes less stress for the plants than it would during the seasons of their active growth . Transpiration – the evaporation of moisture from leaves – also slows in fall and winter , when the stoma , or holes that release moisture , close . Italian cypress trees are less prone to transplant shock during fall and Care The most important consideration when growing Italian cypress trees in pots is that their soil dries out much quicker than it does when they grow in the ground . Although the trees are drought - tolerant and excess moisture can lead to diseases , they require water during extended periods of drought . Check their soil once each week during dry periods by sticking your finger as deep as it will go into the soil . If the soil is dry , then water it with 3 gallons of water for each 5 - foot square of surface soil ; Size Management Once a potted Italian cypress reaches the size you desire , stop transplanting it into larger pots , and root - prune it every two to three years . Root - pruning involves removing the tree from its pot and removing part of its root ball . The easiest way to do that is to stand the tree up and use a sharp knife to slice off 2 to 3 inches from the outside of the root ball , all the way around the root ball . Use pruning shears to remove roots that hang loose after you cut the References ( 6 ) U.S. Department of Agriculture , Forest Service : Cupressus Sempervirens , Italian Cypress Cornell University Extension : Container Culture of Trees and Shrubs for Gardens and Terraces RealEstate . com : Garden Design - - When and How to Plant Italian Cypress Fine Gardening : Root Pruning Container Plants Bartlett Tree Experts : Plant Health Care Recommendations for Italian Cypress Bartlett Tree Experts : Plant Health Care Recommendations for Italian Cypress About the Author Based in the American Southwest , Bridget Kelly has been writing about gardening and real estate since 2005 . Her articles have appeared at Trulia . com , SFGate . com , GardenGuides . com , RE / MAX . com , MarketLeader . com , RealEstate . com , USAToday . com and in " Chicago Agent " magazine , to name a few . She holds a Bachelor of Arts in English with a concentration in creative writing . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Italian Cypress", "Planting Time", "willowy plant" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/jiffy-seed-pellets-instructions-74944.html
Jiffy Seed Pellets Instructions Written by Jenny Harrington ; Updated December 15 , 2018 Seed pellets , sometimes called peat pellets , provide an alternative to the standard seedling pot when you start your garden transplants indoors . Jiffy , a brand of seed pellets , uses peat and coconut coir as the primary growing medium . In their dehydrated , compressed form , the pellets store well . With the addition of water , they quickly turn into a container and growing medium for your seedlings . Preparation Seed pellets have a biodegradable net covering that helps them retain their shape once they expand . The netting fully encases the pellet on all sides but the top . The pellets must set in a tray that helps keep them upright once expanded . Arranging the pellets on the tray with the non - netted side on top ensures they are ready to plant once you add water . Fill the tray with 1 inch of water and allow the pellets to fully absorb the moisture and expand to their full height of about 3 inches . It can Planting Once hydrated , pellets perform just like a seedling pot filled with soil . Seeds are sown to the proper depth in the top of pellet , usually with two seeds planted in each pellet in case one seed fails to germinate . Covering the pellets with a layer of plastic wrap retains moisture during germination , so the pellets wo n ' t require any additional watering until the seeds sprout . Once the first seedlings emerge , the plastic is removed and the plants require basic care to continue to growing well . Seedling Care Most indoor - grown seedlings require six to eight hours of sunlight , so place them near a sunny window . The peat mixture in the pellets retains moisture well , but the plants will need watered when the pellet surface begins to dry . Pouring 1 inch of water into the tray allows the pellets to absorb the amount of moisture they need . Once the pellet surface becomes moist , the remaining water is emptied from the tray . The Jiffy brand pellets contain fertilizer to feed the seedlings until transplanting , so no additional fertilization is necessary Transplanting Transplanting time depends on the specific plant , but most seedlings are moved to the garden when they are four to six weeks old and after frost danger is past . The pellets do n ' t require preparation before planting . The peat in the pellets can wick moisture away from the plant if it ' s exposed . Avoid this issue by planting the pellets so the top surface is covered with a thin layer of garden soil . The netting and pellets break down as the plants grow . References ( 1 ) Jiffy : Original Jiffy Products About the Author Jenny Harrington has been a freelance writer since 2006 . Her published articles have appeared in various print and online publications . Previously , she owned her own business , selling handmade items online , wholesale and at crafts fairs . Harrington ' s specialties include small business information , crafting , decorating and gardening . Cite this Article
[ "Jiffy Seed", "Pellets Instructions", "Seedling Care" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/join-leanto-roof-existing-roof-102844.html
How to Join a Lean - To Roof to an Existing Roof A lean - to roof , also called a shed roof , slopes in one direction , with rafters that rest against another structure at their high end and overhang support posts or an exterior wall at their low end . When a shed roof ties into an existing roof , the new roof could be a simple lean - to that covers a deck or porch , or it could be the shed roof of a substantial addition . In any case , the structure that the shed roof is leaning on is an existing roof , typically a Attaching Near the Eaves The up - slope end of a simple shed roof that rests near the eaves of an existing roof can usually be supported by the rafters of the old roof . You ' ll need to remove the existing shingles and cut back the existing eaves to make room for the shed roof , then nail a two - by - six ledger board on the existing roof ; the ends of the shed rafters will rest on this ledger . The other end of the shed rafters will rest on a horizontal beam supported by posts . After the Attaching Below the Ridge In the case of a lean - to roof over an addition , the existing rafters will have to be cut away to accommodate the addition , and the shed roof will require support where it ties into the framing of the existing roof . The rafters of a shed roof that joins a gable roof below its ridge rest against a header that extends horizontally between the gable roof ' s rafters . The gable rafters on either side of the shed roof are doubled , and short cripple rafters run between the header and the ridge above it Attaching at the Ridge A shed roof over a full - height addition may tie into a gable roof by resting the upper end of the shed rafters against the gable roof ' s ridge . If the ridge is structural - - that is , if it ' s designed to support the weight of the roof on its own - - it may be able to support the weight of the shed roof , too , preventing the roof from exerting too much outward pressure on the front wall of the addition . The lower ends of the shed rafters are supported Using Collar Ties When the gable roof ' s ridge is n ' t structural or is n ' t otherwise able to adequately carry the load of the shed roof , you can use horizontal collar ties to tie the lower ends of the shed rafters to the gable rafters on the far side of the gable roof . These collar ties resist the force exerted by the weight of the roof and prevent the front wall of the addition from bowing outward . They also function as ceiling joists in the interior of the addition and in the space under the Consulting a Professional The forces working on any roof structure are complex . Whenever you consider making changes to your home ' s roof plan , you should consult a structural engineer to ensure that any alterations wo n ' t compromise the stability of the roof and that the size and layout of all new framing members are adequate . In the case of a shed roof addition , it ' s important to know that the existing structure can safely support the additional weight of the new roof . References ( 2 ) Fine Homebuilding : Attaching a Shed - Dormer Roof Peter Q . Brown Design : Construction of a Roof Addition Over an Existing Concrete Patio About the Author Evan Gillespie grew up working in his family ' s hardware and home - improvement business and is an experienced gardener . He has been writing on home , garden and design topics since 1996 . His work has appeared in the South Bend Tribune , the Fort Wayne Journal - Gazette , Arts Everywhere magazine and many other publications . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Roof" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/kind-soil-good-avocado-trees-39791.html
What Kind of Soil Is Good for Avocado Trees ? Written by Amy Rodriguez ; Updated December 06 , 2018 Enjoying the creamy flesh from a ripened avocado is a treat for the taste buds , especially if you have cultivated the fruit from your own garden . Requiring a lot of garden space for their shallow root systems , these complex evergreen trees need full sunlight to generate the large fruits . In fact , the soil itself is an important determining factor for whether the tree fruits or not . Soil Types Avocado trees thrive in well - aerated and loose soil . In particular , limestone , sandy loam and decomposed granite are the main soil types that encourage lush fruit growth . Although avocado trees tolerate both acidic and alkaline soils , the best pH range for a successful tree ranges between 6 and 6.5 ; this slightly acidic range can be achieved by amending the soil periodically with lime or sulfur , depending on the pH reading from an accurate meter . Compacted soils will hinder root spread , which can stunt the tree ' s growth and contribute Good Drainage Tree roots suffocated with constant moisture will exhibit their poor health with low fruit yields and possible branch die - back ; avocado trees must have good soil drainage for healthy growth . Although you may be concerned about keeping your tree watered , slightly dry conditions are best for the avocado . If a handful of soil has a granular texture after several dry days , however , you can water it at that time . Wet soil harboring on a muddy texture will surely harm the tree . Salts Occurring naturally in soils , salts can be a problem for avocado trees if they are in high concentrations . You will notice a salt issue if you observe the tree ' s leaves ; the tips may appear sunburned or brown . If you are watering the tree consistently , the salt concentration should equalize in the soil for a healthy tree . But planting the tree near the ocean , where salt concentrations become heightened from the sea air , makes salt control more difficult . Careful leaf observations must be diligently performed to ensure that your avocado Container Tree Considerations If you choose to grow the avocado tree in a container , the soil should be a specialized planting mixture designed for avocados along with some cultivated soil from your garden . The miniature soil environment can trap moisture that encourages root rot , so coupling the tree with thirsty flowers below is a smart way to equalize the soil and water ratio . Otherwise , watering the container tree should mirror a garden planted avocado tree . Transplanting the tree into larger containers as it grows will help you cultivate the plant into a mature , fruiting tree . References ( 3 ) California Avocado Commission : Grow Your Own Tree University of Florida IFAS Extension : Avocado Growing in the Florida Home Landscape California Rare Fruit Growers Inc . : Avocado About the Author Writing professionally since 2010 , Amy Rodriguez cultivates successful cacti , succulents , bulbs , carnivorous plants and orchids at home . With an electronics degree and more than 10 years of experience , she applies her love of gadgets to the gardening world as she continues her education through college classes and gardening activities . Cite this Article
[ "Avocado Trees", "Soil", "Garden" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/knock-out-roses-attract-bees-87126.html
Do Knock Out Roses Attract Bees ? Knock Out Roses ( Rosa " Radrazz " ) have many worthy attributes , but they will not attract bees to your garden . Although bees visit colorful flowers , it ' s the pollen and flower nectar that cause them to return to a plant . Knock Out roses are hybridized and do not produce high levels of nectar . Knock Oout Roses Knock Out roses are a low maintenance variety of rose . These hybridized shrubs solve many of the issues gardeners have with traditional roses . Knock Out roses resist disease and tolerate drought and heat . They are even self - cleaning and do n ' t require extensive deadheading . These roses thrive in United States Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9 . Bees Bees are attracted to color but also to the shape of the flower . Highly hybridized flowers , such as the Knock Out rose , tend to have a less intense fragrance and less nectar than other flowers . The Knock Out double rose also restricts access to the inner flower were the pollen is stored . References ( 3 ) University of Arizona : What Bees Eat Colorado State University Extension : Bee Friendly Kansas State University : Knockout Rose Resources ( 3 ) Star Roses and Plants : William Radler , Rose Breeder The Honeybee Conservancy : Plant a Bee Garden Star Nursery : Bee Free Gardens About the Author Shawna Kennedy has been writing and editing professionally since 2004 . She ' s published numerous articles online and two of her edited manuscripts have been contracted and published by Random House . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Gardening", "Knock Out Roses", "United States Department of Agriculture" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/landlord-rights-event-tenants-death-42994.html
Landlord Rights in the Event of a Tenant ' s Death Written by Jenna Marie ; Reviewed by Karina C . Hernandez , Realtor ; Updated December 27 , 2018 Related Articles 1 What Happens to Personal Property When a Tenant Passes Away ? 2 What Happens to the Tenant When a Rental Property Owner Dies Without a Will ? 3 Do Apartments Have to Disclose if There ' s Been a Death ? 4 Reasons a Tenant Can Break Lease Agreement When a tenant dies , a landlord has certain rights when it comes to regaining the rental property . While you may be eager to get the property back on the market as soon as possible , state law requires landlords to follow certain steps . Once the next of kin or the deceased tenant ' s executor notifies you of the death in writing , you can assist the family members , start the transition to re - renting and recoup any financial loss . Tip Do not accept any rent payments from the estate , friends or family of the deceased . In San Francisco accepting payment could create a tenancy . Wait until probate is complete and the court orders payment . Lease May Survive Death If the deceased tenant had a lease agreement for a specified term , the tenancy continues to the end , even though the tenant is dead . Responsibility for the lease agreement passes to the deceased tenant ' s executor as named by the court . This is the time to negotiate with the executor or family to end the tenancy officially so you can prepare the unit for a new tenant . If the tenant had a month - to - month lease agreement , notice of the tenant ' s death acts as the end of the lease , and the executor ' s responsibility ends 30 days after the tenant last paid rent . For example , if the tenant last paid rent on April 5 , then died on April 20 , the rental agreement ends on May 5 . Lease agreements can not be passed on to survivors , according to California law . Using the Deceased ' s Deposit You may use the deceased tenant ' s security deposit to pay unpaid rent , damages to the property beyond normal wear and tear , and cleaning costs . Any unused portion of the deposit should be sent to the deceased tenant ' s executor , along with an itemized list of deductions . If the amount of rent , damages and cleaning exceed the total security deposit , you ' ll need to petition the deceased tenant ' s estate for compensation . Collecting from the Estate If the deceased tenant ' s estate is in probate , submit a creditor ' s claim to the probate clerk at the superior court specifying the amount you seek . The court will include that cost as part of settling the deceased tenant ' s debts . If the estate is not in probate , approach the executor directly with a bill . If there is no executor , send the bill to the next of kin . Disposing of a Tenant ' s Property You have the right to reasonably secure the rental property upon learning of the death of the tenant , such as changing the locks . Do this immediately to to prevent the theft of any possessions in the immediate confusion of settling the tenant ' s estate . As friends or family members approach you asking to enter , always accompany them to the property to ensure that everything stays put and no one leaves with the deceased ' s possessions . Ask any visitors to provide a picture ID and take a photo of it with your phone or References ( 2 ) Wasserman - Stern : What Do You Do When Your Tenant Dies ? Apply Connect : What to do if Your Tenant Dies About the Author Jenna Marie has been editing and writing professionally since 1993 . Her editing background includes newspapers , magazines and books , and her articles have appeared in print and on websites such as Life123 and AccessNurses . She specializes in writing about parenting , frugal living , real estate , travel and food . Her nonfiction book was published in 2008 . She earned a Bachelor of Science in journalism from Utah State University . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Landlord Rights", "Tenant 's Death" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/lazy-way-propagate-roses-63198.html
Lazy Way to Propagate Roses Roses ( Rosa spp . ) grow throughout the country in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 10 , depending on the cultivar . The plant can be sprawling , climbing or a compact shrub . There are miniature roses available , as well . Propagation of roses is done through grafting , seeds or cuttings . The easiest way to clone the rose you have in your landscape is through stem cuttings or layering . Layering Rose Bushes Layering is the act of bending a cane from the existing rose bush down to the ground , wounding a section of the cane and burying the wounded section under the soil surface , leaving the end of the cane exposed . The cane is U - shaped , with the bend anchored under the soil line . Wound the cane at the bend by scraping off a portion of the outer bark to expose the white cambium layer . Roots develop from the wounded section in a few weeks . Once the roots form , new growth begins from Rooting Stem Cuttings Rooting stem cuttings taken after the rose bush has stopped flowering is an easy way to clone your plant . Cuttings about 6 to 8 inches long are taken and all but the top two sets of leaves are removed from the cuttings . The cuttings are dipped into a rooting compound to aid in root development . Each cutting is plunged into a sterile growing medium and tented with clear plastic wrap to create a miniature propagation chamber placed in a warm , bright location . The planting medium is kept slightly moist during the next eight weeks . Tips for Propagation When propagating rose bushes , only healthy plants should be used to reduce the risk of spreading any diseases or pests . The cutting method transfers the parent plant ' s DNA to the cutting , creating an exact clone of the parent plant . The result is the transfer of both desirable and undesirable plant characteristics . Layering does the same thing , as it is an extension of the original plant . Patented and Trademarked Roses Hybrid roses are usually patented . This means it is illegal to propagate the bush without the consent of the patent holder . If the patent has been in place for 20 years , the plant becomes public domain and is allowed to be propagated . If your rose bush came with a tag that listed the plant as patented or PPAF ( Plant Patent Applied For ) , then you can not reproduce the plant . If you are not sure , you can check with the U.S. Patent office to determine if your rose variety is patented , References ( 6 ) North Carolina State University Department of Horticultural Science : Plant Propagation by Layering : Instructions for the Home Gardener Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas : Rose Propagation From Cuttings Maryland Geological Survey : Frequently Asked Questions About Rose Cutting Propagation Mississippi State University Extension Service : Rose Propagation Philadelphia Rose Society : Propagating Roses Texas A&M University Cooperative Extension : Tip Layering Roses About the Author Julie Richards is a freelance writer from Ohio . She has been writing poetry and short stories for over 30 years , and published a variety of e - books and articles on gardening , small business and farming . She is currently enrolled at Kent State University completing her bachelor ' s degree in English . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Propagate Roses", "Stem Cuttings" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/leave-racks-during-oven-cleaning-77870.html
What If You Leave the Racks in During Oven Cleaning ? Written by Emily Beach ; Updated December 27 , 2018 Related Articles 1 What Makes a Self - Cleaning Oven Clean & Are the Fumes Bad ? 2 What Are the Dangers of a Self - Cleaning Oven ? 3 Manually Clean an Electric Self - Cleaning Oven 4 Keep Oven Racks From Sticking While most manufacturers recommend removing oven racks prior to activating your self - cleaning cycle , you may wonder if leaving them in place during cleaning is the best way to remove grease and grime . Self - cleaning ovens rely on extremely high temperatures , often double or triple the temperature used for cooking , to burn baked - on food and grease into piles of easy - to - remove ash . Leaving your racks in the oven may keep them clean , but it may also cause significant damage to the racks , which are not designed Leaving Oven Racks In The extreme heat that racks are subjected to when left in the oven during the cleaning cycle can cause discoloration of the metal or cause the finish to lose its shine . Leaving racks in during the self - cleaning cycle can also damage the special coating used on these racks , which is designed to help them slide in and out of the oven with ease . This can make it harder to insert and remove your racks as they stick to the support brackets within the oven . Potential Remedies If you accidentally left the racks in while cleaning your oven , you may be able to restore the lubrication on the edge of your racks to make them easier to slide . Try wiping the tracks and guides in your oven with a steel wool pad , but the pads should stay soapy the entire time you ' re working . Next , wipe the edge of the racks with vegetable or salad oil to restore lubrication and reduce friction . When racks are discolored or damaged , consider contacting your manufacturer to order replacement racks . Considerations While most manufacturers recommend removing racks while cleaning the oven , it ' s always best to check your owner ' s manual to decide on the best course of action for your particular model . For example , both Whirlpool and Samsung recommend removing racks from ovens prior to cleaning , while GE suggests that it ' s safe to leave gray , porcelain - coated racks in place when cleaning . GE does recommend removing stainless steel racks to prevent problems with discoloration and friction . Cleaning Oven Racks Never use traditional oven cleaner to clean your oven or racks unless it specifically states to do so in your owner ' s manual . Instead , use a soapy scouring pad to scrub away grease and grime from racks as your oven goes through its self - cleaning cycle . Keep the pad soapy the entire time to prevent scratches . References ( 5 ) Michigan State University Extension : Self - Cleaning Oven Cleaning Whirlpool : Self - Cleaning Electric Ranges GE : Ranges - - Tips for Self Clean GE : Owner ' s Manual - - Ranges Samsung : Can I Leave the Racks in My Oven During Self - Clean Cycle ? About the Author Emily Beach works in the commercial construction industry in Maryland . She received her LEED accreditation from the U.S. Green Building Council in 2008 and is in the process of working towards an Architectural Hardware Consultant certification from the Door and Hardware Institute . She received a bachelor ' s degree in economics and management from Goucher College in Towson , Maryland . Cite this Article
[ "Home Improvement", "oven racks" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/loan-reconveyance-fee-88242.html
What Is a Loan Reconveyance Fee ? Home loans come in two parts . The first part of the loan is the promissory note , which is your promise to repay the loan . The second part of the loan is the mortgage or trust deed , which is a document that lets your lender put its hooks into your property . If you do n ' t pay the loan , the mortgage or trust deed lets the lender foreclose . That risk goes away when you pay the loan off and the lender gives you a reconveyance . How Payoffs Work When you pay off your loan , you ' ve fulfilled your promise under the promissory note . Since the note is no longer valid , the lender formally gives up its right to take your property for not paying on the loan by signing a document called a reconveyance . The reconveyance gets recorded on your property ' s title , clearing the lender off once and for all . Reconveyance Fees As with most things , lenders usually do n ' t do reconveyances for free . As such , most loans will carry a reconveyance fee that the bank charges for its time and effort in generating , signing and delivering the reconveyance . Typically , these fees are n ' t onerous . While they vary , as of Sept . 2013 you can generally expect to pay around $ 100 or so for a reconveyance . Reconveyance Recording Fees Since the mortgage is recorded against your property ' s title with the records in your county or other similar government entity , the reconveyance also has to be recorded to cancel it out . Most country recorders charge a fee to record documents . That feel is also passed along as a part of the cost of paying off your loan , usually as a " recording " or a " reconveyance recording " fee . Wire and Delivery Fees Paying off your loan can carry some other fees , as well . Typically , final payments are sent via wire transfer . A wire transfer is a special highly - reliable way of sending money between banks and sometimes carries a fee . In addition , if documents have to be sent via overnight delivery or courier , you may also be charged a fee for the delivery . As with reconveyance fees , these fees usually are relatively minimal . References ( 3 ) Bank of America : Mortgage Servicing Fees Newhall Escrow Co : Title Closing Cost Definition Cardinal Pacific Escrow : Buyer / Seller Closing Costs About the Author Steve Lander has been a writer since 1996 , with experience in the fields of financial services , real estate and technology . His work has appeared in trade publications such as the " Minnesota Real Estate Journal " and " Minnesota Multi - Housing Association Advocate . " Lander holds a Bachelor of Arts in political science from Columbia University . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Loan Reconveyance Fee", "promissory note", "mortgage" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/long-after-papers-submitted-close-fha-loan-71729.html
How Long After All the Papers Are Submitted Does It Take to Close an FHA Loan ? Written by Karina C . Hernandez ; Reviewed by Jodi Thornton - O ' Connell , GRI , Fitness & Nutrition Coaching Certificate ; Updated November 05 , 2018 A delayed mortgage closing can cost you additional money in settlement costs and jeopardize your deal . Both homebuyers and homeowners who are refinancing with FHA can get the most accurate idea of the timeline for processing their Federal Housing Administration loans once the application is complete and all supporting documents are turned into the lender . Exact turn times between document submission and closing depends on various factors that are often out of the borrower ' s control . You can typically close on an FHA purchase or refinance within 30 days of submitting your loan application . Tip The entire FHA loan process takes between 30 days and 60 days , from application to closing . Learn the Basics Despite a high volume of applicants , an FHA lender can typically underwrite a loan package , which includes a complete application and all supporting financial , employment , credit and property information in a matter of days to weeks . FHA loans are in high demand among first - time homebuyers and homeowners with minimal equity in their home who need to refinance . The government - backed loans protect participating lenders by promising to reimburse them if borrowers default . Flexible credit guidelines and a down payment requirement of 3.5 percent put FHA loans in high demand . Prepare for the Underwriting Stage The lender ' s underwriter reviews pay stubs , tax returns , bank statements , verifies employment , analyzes your debt , the appraisal report , title report and escrow documents during underwriting . The time for processing this paperwork can vary significantly among lenders and individual files , usually five days to 25 days , the Homebuying Institute says . The best thing you can do to shorten the timeframe is to have all documentation on hand when you visit your lender . Underwriters will request any additional documents from the borrower to clear up discrepancies or uncertainties about finances or the property . As such , the underwriting stage usually involves at least two separate requests for paperwork before your loan is ultimately approved and ready for the final loan signing . Wait After Signing Signing your final FHA loan agreement documents is not always the last step to close . On FHA refinances , the borrower has a 3 - day right of rescission period after loan signing during which he can back out of the deal for any reason . The 72 - hour window excludes Sunday and holidays . During the rescission period or after signing loan documents for a purchase , the lender may request remaining outstanding paperwork , known as prior - to - funding conditions . The lender can not fund the loan until it has received and reviewed Factors Affecting Timelines The entire FHA loan process takes between 30 days and 60 days , from application to closing . Variables that prolong FHA closing to between 45 days and 60 days include a high number of applications with the lender ; incomplete or inaccurate loan application or supporting paperwork ; and appraisal problems such as a low value or needed repairs on the home . Lender speed , the orderliness of your paperwork and the complexity of your case are the most common factors affecting FHA loan closing times . References ( 3 ) Homebuying Institute : How Long Does It Take to Get An FHA Loan ? FHA Home Loans : FHA Loans - Possible Loan Delays FHA Handbook : FHA Refinance Loans for Homeowners Resources ( 1 ) FHA Home Loans : FHA Loans - Possible Loan Delays About the Author K.C. Hernandez has covered real estate topics since 2009 . She is a licensed real estate salesperson in San Diego since 2004 . Her articles have appeared in community newspapers but her work is mostly online . Hernandez has a Bachelor of Arts in English from UCLA and works as the real estate expert for Demand Media Studios . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "FHA Loan", "delayed mortgage", "Federal Housing Administration" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/long-after-sowing-seeds-sunflower-bloom-68283.html
How Long After Sowing Seeds Will a Sunflower Bloom ? Written by Teo Spengler ; Updated December 14 , 2018 The joy you experience from planting seeds in well - turned soil only hints at the pleasure to come : watching tiny shoots push through the soil to find the light . Waiting is especially difficult when you ' re planting sunflower seeds and anticipating the happy faces smiling over the garden . Many annual sunflowers ( Helianthus annuus ) sprout quickly , within seven to 10 days , but you may need to wait as long as two months before the bright flowers appear . Sunflower Delights Sunflowers , one of the most interesting flowers in the garden , grow rapidly from tiny seeds into tall stalks . Little is more pleasant on a summer ' s afternoon than watching the large , bright flower heads turn to follow the sun . Easy to grow in most climates , sunflower cultivars differ widely , producing plants between 3 and 16 feet tall and flowers in shades of yellow , bronze , orange , red and brown . Planting Primer Regular garden soil works just fine for these flowers , and they will thrive in poor to average , well - drained soils as long as the site gets direct sun . It ' s a waste of effort to coddle sunflowers by starting them indoors because they grow rapidly when planted outdoors after the last frost . In addition , the seedlings dislike being transplanted . Putting in two or three seeds every 4 inches along a row allows room for germination . When the seedlings reach 4 inches tall , choose the strongest in each group and remove Basic Care Location is everything when it comes to sunflowers . Sun is the most essential ingredient , but taller sunflower varieties , like ' Sunzilla , ' which grows up to 16 feet , also need wind protection . You do n ' t need to use fertilizer for most garden soils . Even if your soil is very poor , you wo n ' t need more than a light application of slow - release granular fertilizer . The flowers are drought tolerant and do fine with an occasional watering in the driest weather . Harvest Essentials You can begin to enjoy the bright sunflower blossoms a couple of months after you plant the seeds , but you will have to wait another month or so before you can eat the seeds . Although the exact timetable varies among cultivars , harvest time usually rolls around toward the end of summer . For cutflowers , use a clean , sharp knife or shears to remove 1 foot or more of stem with the flower , pinch off the leaves and immediately place the stem in a bucket of water . For edible seeds , you must harvest References ( 6 ) Sunset : Growing Sunflowers Burpee : All About Sunflowers Missouri Botanical Garden : Helianthus Annuus University of Iowa Extension and Outreach : Sunflower University of Minnesota Extension : Sunflowers Colorado Integrated Food Safety Center of Excellence : Sunflower Seeds and Oil Resources ( 3 ) University of California , The California Backyard Orchard : Mexican Sunflowers Fine Gardening : Ornamental Sunflowers Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center : Ask Mr . Smarty Plants : Why Do Sunflowers Turn Toward the Sun > About the Author From Alaska to California , from France ' s Basque Country to Mexico ' s Pacific Coast , Teo Spengler has dug the soil , planted seeds and helped trees , flowers and veggies thrive . World traveler , professional writer and consummate gardener , Spengler earned a BA from U.C. Santa Cruz , a law degree from Berkeley ' s Boalt Hall , and an MA and MFA from San Francisco State . She currently divides her life between San Francisco and southwestern France . Cite this Article
[ "Sunflower", "Sowing Seeds", "Harvest Essentials" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/long-landlord-fix-plumbing-problem-93584.html
How Long Does a Landlord Have to Fix a Plumbing Problem ? Written by Jayne Thompson ; Updated November 27 , 2018 Related Articles 1 Tenant Laws in California on Backed Up Sinks & Leaking Toilets 2 When Is a Landlord Guilty of Negligence ? 3 How Can I Legally Withhold My Rent to Landlord Until He Makes Repairs He Promised ? 4 Who Is Responsible for Repairs : Tenants or Landlords ? Your landlord is legally responsible for keeping your rental unit fit to live in . A habitable property meets state and local building and health codes . As well as making the unit habitable before you occupy the property , your landlord must repair any problems that arise during the lease term . How long your landlord has to fix a plumbing problem - and whether they ' re obligated to fix the problem - depends on the nature of the issue and the lease terms . Uninhabitable Circumstances The law is very specific about the type of defect that falls foul of state habitability standards . In the context of a plumbing problem , your rental unit likely will be considered uninhabitable if it has inadequate sanitation , if the plumbing facilities are not in good working order , if you do not have hot and cold running water or if your system is not properly connected to a sewage disposal system . Your landlord must also supply a working toilet , wash basin and bathtub or shower . Minor Issues Lesser problems , such as a dripping faucet , do not make your unit uninhabitable . Your landlord is not required to fix these problems unless it is a condition of your lease , although they may agree to do so . Before you contact your landlord , read your lease or rental agreement as some agreements make the tenant responsible for minor repairs . Your landlord is not responsible for repairing damage that you or your guests have caused . Notably , you have no right to ask the landlord to carry out statutory repairs if you are not Time Starts Ticking Your landlord is not obliged to fix the defect unless they know about it . As a first step , notify your landlord in writing , and preferably by certified mail , that they have a duty to fix the plumbing problem under landlord - tenant law . Your landlord now has a " reasonable " time to make the repair . Decoding Reasonable To determine what constitutes a reasonable time frame for repairs , you must consider the nature of the defect and the scope of work needed to fix it . As a rule of thumb , the law considers 30 days to be a reasonable period of time , but a shorter period may be more appropriate . For example , if your pipes have burst , spilling water into the unit , a day or two may be reasonable , assuming that the landlord can employ a qualified repair person within that time period . Helping Yourself If your landlord does not make the repairs in a reasonable time , you may pay for the repair yourself and deduct the cost from your rent . Alternatively , you may withhold a capped portion of the rent until the landlord makes the unit habitable . In certain cases , you may move out and abandon the lease so that you have no further liability for the rent . These remedies apply only in the most serious cases affecting the unit ' s habitability - for example , if the boiler does not work and you have no hot References ( 2 ) Department of Consumer Affairs : California Tenants Nolo : Tenant Options if Your Landlord Wo n ' t Make Major Repairs About the Author A former real estate lawyer , Jayne Thompson writes about law , business and corporate communications , drawing on 17 years ’ experience in the legal sector . She holds a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Birmingham and a Masters in International Law from the University of East London . Cite this Article
[ "Plumbing Problem", "foul of state habitability standards" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/long-let-drywall-mud-dry-95090.html
How Long to Let Drywall Mud Dry Written by Michelle Miley ; Updated November 28 , 2018 Joint compound , or drywall mud , is used to cover the seams and screws of drywall installations as well as to fill nail holes and other areas of damage when repainting a room . For best results and fastest drying times , joint compound should be applied in several thin coats rather than one thick application . Drying Times Joint compound should generally be allowed to dry for 24 hours between coats and before sanding , painting or priming . High humidity levels and warm temperatures both increase drying times , however . In a room that is 70 degrees Fahrenheit , for example , joint compound can take approximately 12 days to fully dry at 98 percent humidity . Cold weather also increases drying time , and joint compound should not be used at temperatures below 55 degrees Fahrenheit . Ideal conditions are temperatures between 65 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit with a humidity level between 20 percent and References ( 1 ) National Gypsum : Easy Finish Ready Mix Joint Compound About the Author Writing professionally since 2008 , Michelle Miley specializes in home and garden topics but frequently pens career , style and marketing pieces . Her essays have been used on college entrance exams and she has more than 4,000 publishing credits . She holds an Associate of Applied Science in accounting , having graduated summa cum laude . Cite this Article
[ "Drywall Mud", "High humidity levels", "warm temperature" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/long-peach-tree-grow-58732.html
How Long Will it Take a Peach Tree to Grow ? Growing your own peach trees ( Prunus persica ) gives you the chance to harvest the freshest peaches possible . The amount of time it takes for a peach tree to reach its fruit - bearing years and how long it will continue to fruit can help you make the decision whether or not to plant one . Should you choose to plant a peach , you need to live in the right climate ; peach trees grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9 . Your area should also get enough chill hours to match Time to Bear Fruit Planting a young peach tree or a peach pit will not give you fruit the first year . You must wait 3 to 4 years before it starts to produce fruit , notes the Alabama Cooperative Extension System . Before this time , the tree will be too small to support full - sized , harvestable fruit . During the first , nonproductive years the tree ' s energy is concentrated on the tree ' s growth . Producing Life Once a peach tree begins to produce fruit , it will continue to do so for an average of 12 more years . During each of these production years , your peach tree may yield about 66 pounds of fruit with each harvest , depending on the variety you planted . Total Life Span If well - maintained and healthy , you can expect a peach tree to last in your landscape for 15 to 20 years , according to the University of California ' s The California Backyard Orchard . Compared to other trees , this is a relatively short life span . If you plan to continue to live in your home when it is time for the peach tree to be replaced , you need to decide what to do with the space in your yard . Full Size During the few years that a peach tree lives , it does a lot of growing . Left unchecked , a peach tree can reach 25 feet tall and wide , according to Harvest to Table . Dwarf peach trees may only be 6 feet tall and wide . To ensure that you can reach the branches for harvest and tree care , keep regular peach trees pruned to 15 feet high . References ( 3 ) Harvest to Table : How to Grow Peaches Alabama Cooperative Extension System : Frequently Asked Questions About Buying and Planting Peaches University of California The California Backyard Orchard : Peach ( Prunus Persica ) Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Peach Tree", "Prunus persica", "Bear Fruit" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/look-up-property-tax-records-7899.html
How Do I Look Up Property Tax Records ? Written by Kimberlee Leonard ; Updated December 15 , 2018 County tax records are available through the county records office . In California , the county tax collector and recorder give access to public records through an online portal . You can also access information via a search in person . Searches are free . Available Information Tax records are public information . Information is maintained on each property to ensure that taxes are paid and for the correct assessed value . When a property changes hands , there is a history of new assessments based on the new property appraised value . The name of the owner , the property value at the time of assessment and all taxes paid and due are available . The value is broken down into the parcel land and any improvements , meaning the home or other structures . Required Online Search Information Provide the physical address of the property , entering it into the system . There may be several addresses that populate based on the address numeric numbers and similar street names . Select the property you want to evaluate . The listing describes the property with the Assessor ' s Parcel Number . This is part of the legal description of the property . Information Use Homeowners usually receive a copy of their tax bill and assessment in the mail . However , many homeowners have taxes paid from an escrow account . Checking the system allows a homeowner to confirm that all property taxes are paid and up to date . If taxes are not current , actions can be taken by the homeowner to make sure escrow does its job and the property does n ' t become subject to a tax lien or foreclosure . It can take up to 72 hours for payments to register on the system . Investors can also look at a home ' s tax history . For a new homeowner who is interested in buying the property , this gives a good estimation of the property taxes due annually , although the value will be adjusted based on the new sale price . For real estate investors , this is one way to perform due diligence on potentially distressed property purchases . If an investor suspects a homeowner is under financial distress , checking the tax records shows if the homeowner is behind on taxes and potentially the mortgage payments . Smart investors approach References ( 3 ) City and County of San Francisco : Office of the Assessor - Recorder County of Placer : Tax Bill Search City and County of San Francisco Office of the Tax Collector : Property Tax Payments Resources ( 1 ) California State Board of Equalization : Listing of County Assessors About the Author Kimberlee Leonard lived in the Bay Area while going to school at the University of San Francisco . Before becoming a full - time writer , she worked for major financial institutions such as Wells Fargo and State Farm . She has developed content for brands such as Trupanion , Live Your Aloha , Neil Patel and Home To Go . She currently lives in her home state of Hawaii with her active son and lazy dog . Cite this Article
[ "Property Tax Records", "California" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/loose-cord-chain-saw-102387.html
Loose Cord on a Chain Saw Starting a chain saw requires you to pull quickly and firmly on the cord to engage the engine . When the cord is loose , however , it can make starting the chain difficult . A loose cord may also allow the starter handle to dangle in a manner that causes it to get in your way while operating the chain saw . Since replacing or repairing a loose cord is n ' t a major repair , feel free to tackle the job yourself . Loose Cord Causes Advanced age in the chain saw and frequent use are often enough to noticeably loosen a starter cord . A faulty inner spring in the recoil mechanism or a frayed or stretched rope are other causes . It ' s probably nothing you ' ve done ; a loose starter cord is just something that happens over time . Drop - starting the chain saw , an unsafe starting method where the user allows the chain saw to drop rapidly while pulling up on the starter cord , may cause the cord to loosen . Never use this method of Accessing the Starter Cord To get to the bottom of the cause of a loose starter cord , you ' ll have to detach the housing that holds the starter cord in place on the side of the chain saw . Use the appropriate type of screwdriver , normally a flat - head or Phillips - head model , to remove the screws that attach the housing to the chain saw . Inside the housing , you ' ll find a spool around which the starter cord is wound . The spool contains a spring that tightens as you pull on the cord . A Simple Fix In most cases , a loose cord only needs to be rewound around the outside of the spool . To rewind the spring , hold the starter housing face up in your left hand and let the starter cord and attached handle dangle below it . Slide the tip of a screwdriver underneath the portion of the cord that is inside the housing where in emerges from the spool . Pull the cord up and wind it around the spool a couple of times to tighten it . Test the tautness of the starter cord by giving it a couple Spring Problems When the simple fix does n ' t work and the inner spring seems to be the problem , it ' s time to make a decision . Many experts advise having the spool serviced by a professional in this case , particularly when you ' re not familiar with disassembling and reassembling the starter unit that contains a potentially injurious spring . If you do decide to make this repair yourself , wear safety goggles to reduce your chance of injury in the event the pressurized spring hurtles out of the unit at a high rate of speed . References ( 3 ) Tree Care Industry Association : How to Tighten a Chain Saw Starter Cord University of Pennsylvania : S.E.R. FAQ : Recoil ( Pull ) Starter Repair The Timber Buyers Network : Starting the Chain Saw About the Author Amie Taylor has been a writer since 2000 . Book reviews , gardening and outdoor lawn equipment repair articles and short fiction account for a handful of her published works . Taylor gained her gardening and outdoor equipment repair experience from working in the landscaping and lawn - care business she and her husband own and operate . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Chain Saw", "Loose Cord", "stretched rope" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/make-fabric-strips-rag-rugs-72628.html
How to Make Fabric Strips for Rag Rugs Whether you weave , braid , knit or crochet your rag rugs , the process for making the strips is the same . Store - bought fabric allows you to choose specific colors , while T - shirts and old sheets allow you to recycle materials . Even stained items make usable strips ; you wo n ' t be able to see most stains once you ' ve turned the strips into a rug . Cut the fabric with scissors or invest in a rotary cutting wheel to make the job faster . T - Shirts 1 Lay the T - shirt face - up on a flat surface . Cut across the torso just below the armpits . Cut off the bottom band . Discard the top and band ; you will use the tube from the middle . 2 Fold the tube vertically down the middle , stopping 1 inch short of folding it completely in half . You should have 1 inch more fabric sticking out from the side on the bottom half than you have on top . 3 Make horizontal cuts across the T - shirt , stopping where the top half meets the bottom . The width of your strips determines the size of your yarn . 1 - inch horizontal strips will yield a bulky - weight yarn . 4 Unfold the cut shirt and lay the piece that is n ' t cut - - in other words , the 1 - inch strip that was sticking out from the bottom half - - over your forearm . 5 Cut the strip across your forearm on the diagonal . Start from the bottom edge and cut up to the edge of the first strip . Cut from the second strip to the third . Cut from the third strip to the fourth . Continue up the shirt in this fashion until you have one long strip of yarn . 6 Roll the yarn into a ball or cut it into shorter strips , as called for by your pattern . Sheets or Fabric 1 Cut off the edge of the sheet all the way around , removing the sewn seams . 2 Fold the sheet in half vertically and smooth out any wrinkles . 3 Cut the sheet into 1 - inch strips from to side to side , stopping 1 inch from the edge so the strips are still joined . 4 Fold the 1 - inch side seam back several inches so you can see the cut edge of each strip sticking out . It will look like a fringe sticking out to the side , but the ends of every two pieces of fringe will be joined . 5 Cut to the end of every other joined strip on the folded - back top layer . 6 Cut to the end of every other strip on the bottom layer , working opposite to the top layer . 7 Roll the strip of fabric into a ball until use . Joining Strips with a Bias Joint Lay two strips of fabric together at a 90 - degree angle so the ends form a point . Sew the ends of the two strips together by hand or with a machine , leaving a 1 / 4 - inch seam allowance . Cut off the edges of the seam or iron them flat . The seam will be diagonal ; the strips will be straight . Things You Will Need T - shirts Sheets or flat fabric Scissors or rotary cutting wheel Cutting mat ( optional ) Sewing machine ( optional ) Sewing needle ( optional ) Thread ( optional ) Iron ( optional ) Warning If you use a rotary cutter , use a cutting mat as well . Rolling a rotary wheel over other flat surfaces will likely damage either the surface or the wheel . References ( 4 ) Craft Passion : Recycle Tutorial : Making of T - Shirt Yarn YouTube : Preparing Fabric Strips for Rag Rugs Rugmaker ' s Homestead : Ways to Join Fabric Strips when Making Rag Rugs Green Crocheting : Making Fabric Into Yarn About the Author S.R. Becker is a certified yoga teacher based in Queens , N.Y. She has a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing and has worked as a writer and editor for more than 15 years . Becker often writes for " Yoga in Astoria , " a newsletter about studios throughout New York City . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Fabric Strips", "Rag Rugs" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/make-old-wooden-windows-slide-74999.html
How to Make Old Wooden Windows Slide Wood - framed windows open and close nicely when they are new , and often for quite a while after that . But after years of aging , weathering and being subject to the house shifting around them , these windows can be quite difficult to open or close in one smooth motion . Basic maintenance every year or so can keep old windows gliding along almost as freely as if they were just installed . Wax Candle wax is a go - to solution for windows that skip along in the sash channel as you move them rather than smoothly opening and closing . With the window in open position , rub candle wax or a block of paraffin along the sash channels left and right of the window . The sash channel is that area along which the frame glides . Close the window and rub wax on the upper part of both channels . Repeat this process once a year or whenever the windows seem like they need it . Stuck Window If the reason your window wo n ' t slide is because it ' s stuck , you ' ll have to work it loose before you can help it glide . Windows become stuck due to coats of paint , debris in the sash channel , or swelling due to changes in weather conditions . Slide a sharp utility knife between the sash and stops on either side of the window . It may take several tries if multiple coats of paint have sealed them . If the outside of the window was painted as well , you may Broken Sash Cord Many older windows have a weight - and - rope system designed to allow easy opening and closing of windows . The weights keep open windows from slamming shut . As these ropes age , they often break . Remove stops and trim from the sides of the window frame and pull the window out . You ' ll see the rope on the side of the window . Pull the old rope out as well . Open the access panel on either side of the frame to reveal the weights and rest of the rope . Tie a washer Routine Maintenance Keep the channels along the window sash clean , wiping away debris as you find it . If repainting or varnishing the sash , either remove the trim first , or keep it covered so you paint just the sash . This helps prevent accidentally sealing the window with paint or varnish . Apply furniture wax to the sash glide area every few months to keep the window moving freely . References ( 4 ) Old House Web : Keeping Windows Open Avalon Windows : Avalon Windows Complete Guide to Wood Windows : Window Maintenance and Repair On the House : Keeping Windows Operating Smoothly Well Hung Windows : Sash Cord Repair About the Author Kathy Adams is an award - winning journalist and freelance writer who traveled the world handling numerous duties for music artists . She writes travel and budgeting tips and destination guides for USA Today , Travelocity and ForRent , among others . She enjoys exploring foreign locales and hiking off the beaten path stateside , snapping pics of wildlife and nature instead of selfies . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Old Wooden Windows Slide", "Wax", "Stuck Window" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/make-rows-vegetable-garden-48352.html
How to Make Rows in a Vegetable Garden Row planting results in evenly spaced vegetable plants and a tidy bed . The space between rows gives the plants room to develop while also providing easy access paths to the center of the bed . Row spacing varies , but it needs to be wide enough so you can walk between the plants to weed and harvest . The length of the rows depends on the size of your garden . Laying out straight rows with planting furrows of the correct depth at the beginning ensures proper planting and even germination , plus a neater bed for the remainder 1 Smooth the soil surface with a rake so it ' s even and level . Remove any rocks or debris from the bed while smoothing it . 2 Place a stake at each end of the bed to indicate the length of each row . Space the rows apart at the distance required for the variety of plants you are growing . For example , wide rows typically require spacing of 12 to 18 inches . 3 Stretch a length of twine between each set of two stakes . The twine marks out a straight row . 4 Create a planting furrow in the soil following each length of twine . Draw the tip of the hoe handle down the row to create a shallow furrow for shallow - planted seeds , or use the corner of the hoe blade to create a deeper furrow for seeds that require deeper planting , such as squash or beans . 5 Draw the hoe blade between each furrow , creating a 4 - inch - deep trench on each side of each furrow . The trench collects irrigation water so it seeps into the soil and directly into the root zone of the plants in each row . 6 Sow the seeds in the prepared furrows at the recommended spacing for the plant variety , which is available on the back of the seed packets . Cover the seeds with soil and remove the twine and stakes . Water the bed thoroughly after planting . Things You Will Need Rake Stakes Twine Hoe Tip Although a regular hoe works well , a wheel hoe allows you to quickly make deeper planting furrows of a consistent depth . References ( 2 ) Harvest to Table : Wide Row Vegetable Gardening University of Illinois : Plant Your Vegetables Right About the Author Jenny Harrington has been a freelance writer since 2006 . Her published articles have appeared in various print and online publications . Previously , she owned her own business , selling handmade items online , wholesale and at crafts fairs . Harrington ' s specialties include small business information , crafting , decorating and gardening . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Row planting", "Vegetable Garden" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/make-soil-acidic-blueberry-bushes-49247.html
How to Make Soil More Acidic for Blueberry Bushes You ’ ve probably heard the term “ acidify your soil , ” , but you might not be certain exactly what that means . A soil ’ s acidity is determined by the amount of hydrogen ions in a soil solution . Blueberries are “ acid - loving ” plants that thrive when a soil ’ s pH is between 4.8 and 5.5 , according to the University of California . Check the soil with an at - home kit that tests its pH level . This will help you determine if a soil - amending product - - 1 Test the soil with a do - it - yourself kit , available at home improvement and gardening centers . Collect a sample from the proposed planting site and follow the kit ’ s directions . The eventual color of the collected soil when mixed with the testing material provides you with an accurate pH level . 2 Spread 1 to 2 pounds of elemental sulfur per 25 square feet of ground slated for blueberry growing . This will lower the soil pH one point . If you must lower it two points , double the amount of sulfur you add . Using a hoe , work the product into the top 6 to 8 inches of soil . Amend the soil with the acidifying compound in the fall and retest the soil pH in the spring . 3 Reapply the same ratio of elemental sulfur to the soil the following spring if you have n ’ t reached a pH of between 4.8 and 5.5 , which is optimal for blueberry growing . It may take two to three years before your soil reaches the optimal pH to successfully grow blueberries . 4 Retest your soil every three years . The University of California recommends re - acidifying your soil every three years , if necessary , as well . Things You Will Need At - home soil testing kit Elemental sulfur Hoe Tip To lower the soil pH around existing blueberry plants , dig four holes per bush at the drip line at a depth of 1 foot . Combine 1 / 4 cup elemental sulfur with the removed soil from each hole . Refill the holes with the amended soil before irrigating . References ( 3 ) Oregon State University - Extension : Acidifying Soil University of California : Blueberries University of Minnesota - Extension : Blueberries for Home Landscapes About the Author Residing in Chippewa Falls , Wis . , Jaimie Zinski has been writing since 2009 . Specializing in pop culture , film and television , her work appears on Star Reviews and various other websites . Zinski is pursuing a Bachelor of Arts in history at the University of Wisconsin . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Acidify Soil", "Blueberry Bushes" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/make-stucco-walls-brick-home-44086.html
How to Make Stucco Walls on a Brick Home Related Articles 1 Put Decorative Stucco & Rocks on an Exterior Concrete Brick Wall 2 Make a Plastered Brick Wall 3 Tint Stucco 4 Stucco an Interior Wall Stucco is a finish material made from Portland cement , sand and water . When applied to wood framing and other nonmasonry finishes , stucco requires a support structure known as a lath to help keep it in place . Because stucco and brick are both masonry products , stucco can be applied directly to brick in most cases . This makes stucco an excellent finish for covering damaged brick , or for dressing up a boring brick wall . Patch Walls Before you begin to stucco , fill any cracks in the brick wall , using hydraulic cement . This product comes in bags and should be mixed with water according to the instructions on the package . Use a trowel to apply the cement to any holes in the mortar or to fill holes caused by missing or cracked bricks . Add Flashing for Moisture Protection Stucco requires metal flashing , just like all siding materials . Fasten metal siding to the base of the brick wall using masonry fasteners before you begin . This helps to keep moisture from seeping below the stucco and damaging both the stucco and the brick . Testing the Bond Although stucco adheres well to brick , certain types of dirt , paint and other contaminants may prevent stucco from bonding with the brick . Before applying stucco to brick , spray the wall with water to see if the stucco will bond . If the water is absorbed quickly , the stucco should bond with ease . If the bricks wo n ' t absorb water , or the wall is painted , try washing the surface with soap and water , then rinsing with a garden hose . If cleaning the bricks does n ' t improve water Applying Stucco Choose a premixed stucco blend from your local home improvement or hardware store , then mix it with water according to the instructions on the package . Use a trowel to apply a 1 / 2 - inch coat of stucco to the brick wall . Wait a few hours so that this initial coat begins to harden , then use a plasterer ' s rake to scratch faint lines into the surface . This creates a scratch coat to which the top coats will be able to bond . Allow the scratch coat to dry overnight , then apply References ( 3 ) Portland Cement Association : Installation This Old House : Stucco Over Block Alabama Historical Commission : Plaster and Stucco About the Author Emily Beach works in the commercial construction industry in Maryland . She received her LEED accreditation from the U.S. Green Building Council in 2008 and is in the process of working towards an Architectural Hardware Consultant certification from the Door and Hardware Institute . She received a bachelor ' s degree in economics and management from Goucher College in Towson , Maryland . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Stucco Walls", "Brick Home", "Portland cement" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/many-btus-furnace-need-house-100318.html
How Many BTUs Does a Furnace Need for a House ? Written by Tony Guerra ; Updated December 29 , 2018 A BTU is a British Thermal Unit , or a measure of thermal or heat energy . BTUs are used to determine thermal energy output in a variety of devices , including furnaces . A typical home furnace produces thousands of BTUs and installing one that meets your home ' s heating needs is vital . If your home ' s furnace is too large , it will turn on and off too often and lose efficiency and , if it ' s too small , it will run too often and wo n ' t adequately heat your home BTUs per Square Foot Heating and air conditioning contractors use various load calculations to determine furnace sizes for homes and these calculations are often complex . But there are also " rule - of - thumb " estimations you can use to pick a furnace size for your home . For cooler climates , a very broad estimate of furnace sizing is to select one that generates 40 to 45 BTUs per square foot . At 40 to 45 BTUs per square foot , you ' d need a 100,000 to 112,500 BTU furnace to heat your 2,500 - square - foot home . Heating Degree - Day Calculation A heating degree - day calculation , using the month of July as a factor , is a more precise way of estimating furnace size . Natural gas for a furnace is priced by the therm , or per 100,000 BTUs . Therms are listed on your home ' s gas bill in annual and monthly usage rates . The heating degree - day calculation for a furnace is 50 x heating therms x furnace efficiency = load in BTUs / hour . Your furnace must produce a certain load , measured in BTUs per hour , to heat your Calculating Your Furnace Size Suppose your home uses 1,500 therms of natural gas annually , your July usage rate is 25 therms and your furnace is 82 percent efficient . For a heating degree - day calculation , subtract 12 x 25 , or your July usage rate , from your annual therm usage rate of 1,500 , or 1,500 - 300 = 1,200 , or your home ' s therm heating load . Your home ' s heating degree - day calculation formula would be 50 x 1200 x .82 , or 49,200 . Using heating degree - day calculations , a 50,000 Furnace Heating Efficiency New furnaces come with a yellow energy guide attached that provides their energy efficiency ratings . Different furnaces also deliver different efficiency levels . For example , if your furnace is 82 percent efficient , it ' s delivering 82 percent of its fuel into your house as heat . The greater your furnace ' s efficiency , the lower its fuel usage rate is , meaning it will be less costly to operate . More efficient furnaces also tend to cost more , at least up front , but they ' re typically less costly over the long term References ( 3 ) Alpine Home Air Products : Measuring Heating Capacity Tulsa Gas Technologies , Inc . : How Natural Gas is Measured HouseLogic : Should the Energy Department Tell You What Kind of Furnace to Buy ? Resources ( 1 ) Michigan State University Extension : Energy Tips - Choosing the Right Furnace for Your Home About the Author Tony Guerra served more than 20 years in the U.S. Navy . He also spent seven years as an airline operations manager . Guerra is a former realtor , real - estate salesperson , associate broker and real - estate education instructor . He holds a master ' s degree in management and a bachelor ' s degree in interdisciplinary studies . Cite this Article
[ "BTU", "Furnace", "House" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/marigolds-perennials-annuals-63218.html
Marigolds : Perennials or Annuals ? Bright yellow , gold and orange - red blooms of marigolds ( Tagetes spp . ) populate gardens from Mexico to India and across the United States . Marigolds are subtropical plants known for their hardiness , and are used in garden beds , cut flower arrangements and container plantings . Despite varietal distinctions of African and French marigolds , marigolds were originally cultivated in Mexico more than 2,000 years ago . Most common marigolds are classified as annuals , although some species are identified as perennials . Definitions Annuals are plants with a life cycle that completes within one growing season , typically less than one year , and ending with fall ' s first frost . Conversely , perennials complete multiple life cycles over many years . Common garden marigolds are annuals , but because they self - sow , sometimes they are mistakenly identified as perennials . Even in regions with mild winters free of frost , marigolds grow as annuals , with bloom development fading in fall . Of the perennial marigolds , you ' re only likely to find three species available . Species Variations Of the more than 50 species of marigolds , only two are usually grown in gardens : African marigolds ( Tagetes erecta ) and French marigolds ( Tagetes patula ) . These marigolds and their cultivars , like the African “ Aurora ” and the French “ Bonanza ” are annuals , blooming from early summer until the first frost . Mexican tarragon ( Tagetes lucida ) , Lemmon ' s marigold ( Tagetes lemmonii ) and mountain marigold ( Tagetes palmeri ) are three species of perennial marigolds , which generally grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness Prolonging the Blooming Season You can prolong the blooming season of your annual marigolds . One way is to regularly deadhead fading blossoms , allowing the plant to work more efficiently to produce new ones . Because marigolds self - sow , drop spent flowers and seeds in the soil to encourage new plants . Marigolds grow quickly , and you ' ll start to see flowers on the new plants within weeks . Having plants at different stages of maturity will ensure a longer blooming season . Because most marigolds are hybrids , do n ' t be surprised if you get different Other Growing Tips For healthy and full - bloomed marigolds , plant in full sun with well - drained soil . Taller marigold varieties , like “ Deep Orange Lady ” and “ Striped Marvel , ” which grow to heights of 2 feet or more , will need support and should be staked . Do not over - fertilize to avoid excessive foliage growth and fewer blooms . Marigolds produce more flowers in poorer quality soil , advises The Old Farmer ' s Almanac . References ( 8 ) Clemson Cooperative Extension : Marigold National Gardening Association : Perennials Master Gardeners Santa Clara County : Marigolds The Old Farmer ' s Almanac : Marigolds Pacific Horticulture : The Marigold of California Purdue University Department of Horticulture : Novel Annual and Perennial Tagetes Sunset : Marigolds Organic Gardening : Marigold About the Author Rachel Delp has been writing and editing for academic and medical publications since 1992 . She is based in the mountains of southern Spain and her work focuses on health care , travel and culinary subjects . Her articles can be found on various websites . Delp holds a Bachelor of Arts in Spanish with a minor in art from Moravian College . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Marigolds", "subtropical plants", "self-sow" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/match-discontinued-porcelain-tile-51853.html
How to Match Discontinued Porcelain Tile Ceramic tile is an age - old material that both beautifies the home and helps make it safe and clean . When you are repairing tile or working on a home improvement project , you might find yourself in need of tile to match what you already have . When your particular tile is discontinued , you ' re not out of luck ; there are options for finding a match and restoring the look of your tile surface . 1 Check the storage areas of your home for leftover tiles from the original installation . Even decades later , you can often find matching tiles left behind by professional tilers and do - it - yourselfers . 2 Consult your local tile retailer to see if he has your discontinued tile in the store room . Take one of the original tiles . 3 Send a sample tile to a large , national tile company that specializes in discontinued tile . An Internet search for discontinued - tile retailers yields many results . There is often a fee for the search . The more information you have about your tile - - manufacturer , design number and year of installation - - the more likely your chances for success . 4 Look behind cabinets and large appliances for hidden tiles . Look for floor tiles in closets . If you ' re desperate , a search under cabinets might be fruitful . If you can carefully remove these tiles , use them as replacements for damaged tile in more conspicuous places . Things You Will Need Sample tile References ( 1 ) This Old House : Finding a Matching Tile Replacement About the Author Robert Lewis has been writing do - it - yourself and garden - related articles since 2000 . He holds a B.A. in history from the University of Maryland and has training experience in finance , garden center retailing and teaching English as a second language . Lewis is an antiques dealer specializing in Chinese and Japanese export porcelain . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Porcelain Tile", "material", "discontinued-tile" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/measure-replacement-exterior-doors-45660.html
How to Measure Replacement Exterior Doors Precision means everything to your entry door . It needs to swing back and forth freely , latch into place securely , and fit inside its frame tightly enough to repel pests and the elements , yet still clear the jambs easily . It ' s safe to say accurate measurements are everything as well . Prehung doors are a common replacement exterior door option . Situated inside a casing , it fits inside the door ' s rough opening with a few shims and nails to secure . It ' s more forgiving of variances in the rough opening 1 Remove the interior wall trim surrounding the door . Start from the bottom of the doorway . Slip a pry bar or the claw end of a hammer under the edge of the trim and carefully ease it away from the wall . Slide a magazine or similar object under the tool as you work to prevent damaging the wall . Work up and from one side of the top to the other until all trim is removed and the wall framing and the edge of the jambs or current prehung door casing is exposed . 2 Find the rough door opening width . This is the distance from the last or outer stud on one side , underneath the jamb or casing , to the last or outer stud on the other side of the opening . Look closely at the opening and identify the wood casing or jamb that lines the inner door opening . Find the 2 - by - 4 directly behind it . Run the tape measure from this surface to the opposite side of the door , against the inner edge of the 2 - by - 4 . Take this 3 Measure from the inner surface of the header , above the door and behind the same casing or jamb material , to the floor , underneath the sill plate . Record the measurements for either side of the door , as well as the middle of a wide door , on the diagram . 4 Select the narrowest width and the shortest height measurements . Subtract 1 / 2 inch from the width to allow for shims and subtract 1 / 4 inch from the height for the same reason . Every door - - even slabs - - are slightly smaller than the door frame and casing or jamb thickness . Shims allow you to level the door and create the perfect fit . Think of shims as a one - size - fits - all adjustment tool . 5 Measure the current door thickness . Exterior doors are typically 1 3 / 4 inch thick but yours might prove thicker . Use , in conjunction with the height and width , to find the door you need . Things You Will Need Pry bar or claw hammer Magazine or similar object Tape measure Paper Pen or pencil Tip When purchasing a prehung door , you also need to specify the way the door swings . If the hinges are on the left as the door swings toward you , it ' s a " hinge - left . " If the hinges are on the right as the door swings toward you , it ' s a " hinge - right . " Ensure you pull the door toward you as it swings to perform accurately . About the Author Karie Fay earned a Bachelor of Science in psychology with a minor in law from the University of Arkansas at Monticello . After growing up in construction and with more than 30 years in the field , she believes a girl can swing a hammer with the best of them . She enjoys " green " or innovative solutions and unusual construction . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Doors", "Replacement", "measurements" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/minicactus-plants-51847.html
Mini - Cactus Plants Written by Molly Allman ; Updated December 10 , 2018 The cactus family includes a large variety of succulent plants that vary size and color . Some grow into tall columns , reaching up to 50 feet high , while others are only a few inches high and well - suited for growing in pots . These mini - cacti generally produce brightly colored flowers and take on interesting shapes . You can buy mini - cacti already potted in small containers ; with proper care they can grow indoors while adding interest and color to a room . Light Requirements Since mini - cacti are succulents and produce colorful flowers , they require about four hours of direct sunlight daily . A good indoor location is within 4 feet of a south - or east - facing window . Mini - cacti need sunlight exposure evenly , so rotate periodically to make sure the entire plant receives sunlight . You can tell if the plant receives too much sun by taking note of its color . Instead of green , the cacti appear white or yellow . If you need to move a cactus from a high - light area Water Mini - cacti need well - drained soil and like other succulents , they do not need as much water as other plant varieties . Careful observation can help you determine a watering schedule for your mini - cactus . As a general rule , add water when the top half - inch of soil feels dry . When watering , moisten the soil thoroughly , allowing it to soak up the water , and if it does so quickly , add more water until it comes out the drainage holes . Most cacti need to be watered once a Fertilizer Mini - cacti are not heavy feeders , so they require little fertilization . During active growth , you can feed the plants with a low - nitrogen 5 - 10 - 10 fertilizer every two or three months . Feeding with a time - released fertilizer is also an option , but only feed the mini - cactus once during spring . You should never fertilize un - rooted or newly re - potted plants . Winter Care of Mini - Cacti Mini - cacti go through a dormant period in winter . During this time the cactus needs little or no water . The plant does well with a watering every few weeks . You do not need to fertilize the cactus because little growth occurs during this time . During active growth , cacti require an indoor temperature between 65 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit . During the dormant period , place cacti in a room with a temperature between 45 and 55 degrees . References ( 1 ) University of Nebraska NebGuide : Care of Cactus in the Home About the Author Based in Indiana , Molly Allman holds a B.A. in professional writing . She works as both a writer and author and enjoys writing articles on many different topics . She specializes in topics concerning health , crafts , family and lifestyles . Her fiction writing appears in " Bewildering Stories , " " The Other Herald " and " Spectacular Speculations . " Cite this Article
[ "Mini-Cactus Plants", "succulent plants", "columns" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/miraclegro-poisonous-dogs-85966.html
Is Miracle - Gro Poisonous to Dogs ? Scotts , the manufacturer of Miracle - Gro , says that exposure to its products does not pose significant risks to animals or humans . However , always read the label . Take note of any warnings , and follow all instructions for proper usage to keep your dog safe . Miracle - Gro and Pet Safety Miracle - Gro fertilizers are safe for dogs , and dogs can re - enter treated areas immediately after application . The Food and Drug Administration states the ingredients in these products are considered safe and are present in other nontoxic products you use in your home . However , some of the Miracle - Gro product labels recommend lightly watering the area after application and keeping your dog off the area until it dries to prevent the fertilizer from being transferred to other areas . Read the product label or contact Scotts to obtain a Material Data Safety Sheet References ( 3 ) Scotts Miracle - Gro : Kids , Pets , and Feeding Lawns Scotts Miracle - Gro : Keep Your Dog Happy and Your Lawn Looking Great Scotts Miracle - Gro : Miracle - Gro Water Soluble All Purpose Plant Food Resources ( 1 ) Scotts Miracle - Gro : Material Safety Data Sheets About the Author Amy Kingston has been a professional writer since 2001 . She has written articles for various publications , including " Health " magazine , " Jackson Parenting " magazine , the " Bolivar Bulletin " newspaper and " A Musician ' s Pursuit . " Kingston was also published in " Voices of Bipolar Disorder . " Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Pet Safety", "Miracle-Gro", "Poisonous" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/month-prune-crepe-myrtle-59407.html
What Month to Prune a Crepe Myrtle Crape myrtles ( Lagerstroemia spp . ) signal the beginning of summer with a profusion of colorful flower clusters . Some cultivars continue to bloom for as long as 120 days , making this shrub a popular landscape plant . They are hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 7 to 9 , and are available in a variety of cultivar heights from 18 - inch bushes to 40 - foot trees . Crape myrtles rarely need pruning , other than occasional maintenance cutting or the removal of unhealthy branches . Because these shrubs flower on new growth Winter Crape myrtles are dormant through the winter months of December , January and February . Although the leaves begin falling from the shrub in late fall , it may take a month or more before all the leaves have fallen . The best month to prune crape myrtles is February , when the shrub is fully dormant and the branches are leafless and exposed . The naked branches give you a view of the structure and frame of the shrub . This is the month to prune out the interior of the plant , if needed , to improve air Spring Dormancy continues into March and sometimes April . By May , crape myrtles are showing new growth and beginning to set buds for flowers . Limit aesthetic pruning to March or early April , cutting only those branches that do not yet show new growth . Cutting new growth at this time decreases the summer ’ s flower production . If you did n ’ t remove them in February , go ahead and prune any broken , dead or diseased branches . This type of maintenance pruning should be performed throughout the year to prevent the spread of plant Summer June signals the start of crape myrtle ’ s blooming season , although it may begin a few weeks before or after the start of summer . The only pruning you should do at this time is to remove branches for the health of the shrub . If you are pruning your crape myrtle to a tree shape , remove any suckers or lateral branches , as well . As the summer passes through July and August , you may want to trim off dead flowers . Doing this sometimes results in a second bloom period , but the upcoming Fall As the weather cools , growth stops and the leaves begin to fall from the trees . Pruning crape myrtles in the fall may make the plant susceptible to freeze damage . Pruning stimulates new growth that may not survive cold temperatures . As in the rest of the year , it is fine to remove branches for the health of the tree as well as suckers and lateral branches , if you want your crape myrtle to develop a tree shape . Otherwise , allow your crape myrtle to rest during September , October and November . Any shape References ( 4 ) Virginia Cooperative Extension : Pruning Crapemyrtles Southern Living : Crepe Myrtle Pruning Step - by - Step Clemson University Cooperative Extension : Crape Myrtle Pruning Floridata : Lagerstroemia Indica Resources ( 1 ) United States Department of Agriculture : USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map About the Author Drue Tibbits is a writer based in Central Florida , where she attended Florida Southern College . Her articles have appeared in Entrepreneur and Your Home magazines . She has also been profiled in the Florida Today newspaper and the Writer ' s Digest magazine . In addition to writing brochure copy for local businesses , she helps new start - up companies develop a local image presence . Cite this Article
[ "Crape myrtles", "Prune", "Month" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/mortgage-deduction-calculations-61003.html
Mortgage Deduction Calculations Written by Mark Kennan ; Reviewed by Jodi Thornton - O ' Connell , GRI , Fitness & Nutrition Coaching Certificate ; Updated November 20 , 2018 The Internal Revenue Service allows you to deduct interest paid on your mortgage from your taxes as long as you itemize . For some , the deduction can make owning a home more affordable than renting . However , if you live in a high - priced area such as the Bay Area , your mortgage might be so large that you can deduct only a portion of your mortgage interest . Mortgages Under the Limits If your mortgage is smaller than the IRS limits , you do n ' t have to do any calculations : all of the interest paid is deductible . As of 2018 , you ' re allowed to deduct the interest on up to $ 750,000 of mortgage debt , although the old limit of $ 1 million applies to loans that were taken out before Dec . 16 2017 . If you ' re married but file separate returns , each spouse ' s limit is half the total – that is , up to $ 370,000 total per Mortgage Interest Deduction If you ' re over the limit , you must calculate amount of interest you can deduct . You ' re allowed to deduct the portion of your interest paid on the amount of debt under the limit . Divide the maximum debt limit by your mortgage balance , then multiply the result by the interest paid to figure your deduction . For example , say your mortgage is $ 1.25 million . Since the limit is $ 750,000 , divide $ 750,000 by $ 1.25 million to get 0.6 . Then , if you paid $ 80,000 in interest Calculating Loan Balance If you ' re averse to calculations , you can always use the highest balance of your loan during the year for figuring your mortgage deduction limit . But , you can increase your deduction by using the average balance instead . To qualify for this method , you ca n ' t have taken out more money on the mortgage during the year or prepaid more than a month ' s worth of principal and you must have made at least semiannual , level payments . To figure your average balance , add the starting balance to the ending Home Equity Debt Home equity debt refers to loans secured by your home but not used to buy or improve your home . The interest deduction for home equity debt has been disallowed for the period 2018 through 2025 so you can no longer claim this deduction . References ( 2 ) Internal Revenue Service : Publication 936 Home Mortgage Interest Deduction Marketwatch : What the New Tax Law Will Do To Your Mortgage Interest Deduction About the Author Mark Kennan is a writer based in the Kansas City area , specializing in personal finance and business topics . He has been writing since 2009 and has been published by " Quicken , " " TurboTax , " and " The Motley Fool . " Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Mortgage Deduction Calculations", "Under the Limits", "Interest Deduction" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/mulches-increase-acidity-21486.html
Mulches to Increase Acidity Related Articles 1 When Not to Use Cedar Mulch 2 Is Leaf Mulch Acidic ? 3 Pine Bark Mulch Problems 4 Care for Black Lace Elderberries Different plants grow best in soils with different pH levels . Some plants , such as blueberries and rhododendrons , prefer acidic soils . Gardeners who live in areas with alkaline soils or who want to grow plants that prefer acidic soils may need to increase their soil acidity to help plants grow . Unfortunately , most mulches and composts make soil less acidic . A few types of mulches , however , increase soil acidity . Sphagnum Peat Moss Mulch Sphagnum peat moss makes soil more acidic . Adding 2.5 pounds of peat moss per square yard will increase the soil pH by about one unit . Either add the moss directly to the soil or add the moss to compost before applying compost to the soil . Sphagnum peat moss also holds in water and air , improving the texture of overly heavy or overly sandy soils . Peat moss is also a great medium for starting seeds . Pine Needle Mulch Pine needle mulch increases the acidity of soil . Pine needles are also convenient , because many people can rake them up in their own yards . To use pine needle mulch , add pine needles to a compost pile , purchase pine needle mulch from a gardening store or mix some pine needles into the soil with a gardening fork or tiller . Pine Bark Many mulches contain bark , and mulches with pine bark help increase soil acidity . Bark mulches also help the soil hold in moisture , reduce erosion and keep soil temperature more stable . To use pine bark mulch , simply apply at least an inch of the mulch to the surface of the soil around plants . Reapply the mulch as it breaks down and blends in with the soil over time . Oak Leaves Oak tree leaves initially break down and become more alkaline . However , the continued use of oak tree leaves makes soil become more acidic over time . Since oak leaves are somewhat large , chop them up before using them . One effective way to make oak leaves smaller is to rake them into one area of the yard and then go over them with a mower . After chopping them , add them to mulch , add them to a compost pile or apply them directly to the soil surface . References ( 6 ) University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign : Organic Mulch Ohio State University Extension : Mulching Landscape Plants University of Rhode Island Landscape Horticulture Program : Mulches U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service : Mulching University of Minnesota : Modifying Soil pH National Gardening Association : Soil for Seed Starting About the Author Lisa Chinn developed her research skills while working at a research university library . She writes for numerous publications , specializing in gardening , home care , wellness , copywriting , style and travel . Chinn also designs marketing materials , holds a Bachelor of Science in psychology and is working toward a PhD in cognitive neuroscience . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Mulches", "Acidity" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/myrtle-tree-43276.html
What Is a Myrtle Tree ? Many trees include the word myrtle in their names . All of these trees have lance - shaped leaves and multi - stemmed trunks . Other similarities exist between the trees , but they are distinctly different species . The only true myrtle tree is a large shrub or small tree with the Latin name Myrtus communis . In the Judeo - Christian Bible , myrtle trees signify life and fertility . The myrtle tree referred to in this context is related to the California laurel ( Umbellaria californica ) , also called Oregon myrtle or myrtlewood . Wax myrtle Myrtle Myrtle ( Myrtus communis ) is a small - leaved , aromatic evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean . Thriving in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 to 9 , myrtle foliage is aromatic and the small , white summer flowers are fragrant . Reaching a height of 15 feet with a spread of 20 feet when fully mature , myrtle bears black berries and can be a specimen plant , topiary , screen or hedge . One myrtle cultivar is Myrtus communis " Variegata , " with white - margined leaves . Subspecies Myrtus communis tarentina includes California Laurel California laurel ( Umbellaria californica ) is native to California coastal regions and Oregon . In the home landscape , California laurel grows to 25 feet tall . As a multi - trunked hardwood tree sometimes grown for its highly decorative wood , California laurel is known by woodcrafters as myrtlewood . Highly aromatic evergreen leaves can be used in place of Laurus nobilis , bay leaf , for seasoning . Because it is often host to a fungus , Phytophthora ramorum , California laurel should not be grown within 35 feet of oak trees along California ' s northern Pacific Wax Myrtle Pacific wax myrtle ( Myrica californica ) is a Pacific Coast native that lends itself to home landscapes , growing in USDA plant hardiness zones 6 to 9 , and attracting birds with its clusters of waxy , purple drupes along stems in fall and winter . Small , aromatic leaves grow on upright stems of this multi - trunked tree , growing up to 30 feet tall in sheltered locations . Pacific wax myrtle grows in humus - rich , moist soil in full sun . Cultivar " Buxifolia " is more compact than the species and has small Crape Myrtle Crape myrtles ( Lagerstroemia spp . ) produce foot - long panicles of frothy , crinkly , crepe - like flowers in mid to late summer in colors ranging from white to purple , lavender , pink or watermelon . Deciduous foliage turns orange and red in autumn . An all - season ' s tree growing in USDA plant hardiness zones 6 to 9 , crape myrtle is multi - trunked with distinctive bark , often smooth or twisted , sometimes mottled . It thrives in sun or partial shade . References ( 7 ) The New Western Garden : Umbellaria Californica ; Kathleen Norris Brenzel , ed . The New Western Garden : Myrtus Communis ; Kathleen Norris Brenzel , ed . The Myrtlewood Gallery : What is Myrtlewood The American Horticultural Society A to Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants ; Christopher Brickell and Judith D . Zuk The New Western Garden : Myrica ; Kathleen Norris Brenzel , ed . University of California Sonoma County Master Gardeners : End of Summer Perfection - - Crape Myrtles Sunset Landscaping Illustrated : Complete Guide to Ideas , Planning and How - to - Do - It ; Editors of Sunset Books and Sunset Magazine About the Author For Judy Kilpatrick , gardening is the best mental health therapy of all . Combining her interests in both of these fields , Kilpatrick is a professional flower grower and a practicing , licensed mental health therapist . A graduate of East Carolina University , Kilpatrick writes for national and regional publications . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Myrtle Tree", "lance-shaped leaves", "multi-stemmed trunks" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/need-put-furnished-apartment-rent-it-58581.html
What Do I Need to Put Into a Furnished Apartment to Rent It ? Written by Kathy Adams ; Reviewed by Jann Seal , Licensed Real Estate Sales Associate . Former California Real Estate Sales Associate . ; Updated November 20 , 2018 The term " furnished apartment " means different things to different landlords and tenants , but at the very least , it means a unit equipped with all the furniture , appliances and basic accouterments needed for apartment dwelling . Though furnishing a unit means a little more spending up front , it also offers the potential to earn more in rent than a similar unfurnished unit . Tip Furnished rental units include basic furniture in all rooms and large appliances . A " turnkey " unit is equipped like a home , with every need supplied . Furnishing The Basics There are no specific rules regarding what is required in a furnished rental , but at the very least , it should include major kitchen appliances , tables and chairs for the living and dining areas , a bed and dresser in the bedroom , plus ample lighting throughout . The bathroom usually includes a shower curtain as well ; window coverings in other rooms are also commonplace . Think of it as accommodating a tenant who does n ' t own or does n ' t want to move hefty furniture into the unit . It should be virtually Some furnished rentals , known as turnkey rentals , also include all the kitchenware and utensils needed to cook and eat meals and may offer extra appliances such as a coffee maker and toaster . Bathroom linens and bedding are also included . What ' s Usually Not Included In many cases , a basically furnished unit does not include a television , audio equipment or extra sets of bedding . It also wo n ' t have specialty kitchen appliances such as a mixer , blender or bread maker . From the landlord ' s perspective , these extras might be accidentally taken by a tenant moving out , or may be easily damaged from use . Some tenants may not even use or want specialty kitchen items , so there ' s no point in providing these unless you have extras and do n ' t need Things to Consider The type and quantity of items provided in your furnished apartment could be used to attract different renters . For instance , a unit decked out with luxury furniture , a large TV and full suite of kitchen gear is ideal for an executive traveling to town for a few months , or for a beach house . This type of rental , complete with all the amenities , is best for short - term , higher - dollar leases . Meanwhile , an apartment outfitted with inexpensive , low - quality furnishings is better for a lower income bracket Security Deposit Differences Security deposit laws are different in California for unfurnished and furnished rentals . For unfurnished rentals , a landlord may charge up to two months ' rent , in addition to rent for the first month , up front . For a furnished rental , a landlord can charge for three months plus the first month ' s rent . This extra cash helps cover potential damage to the items belonging in the furnished apartment , such as cigarette burns or a microwave damaged by the tenant . Be sure to complete a full walk - through with tenants before References ( 4 ) Rent Prep : Do Landlords Have to Supply Appliances ? FindLaw : California Security Deposit Limits Rent : The Pros and Cons of Furnished Apartments Furnished Quarters : What do Furnished Apartments Include ? About the Author Kathy Adams is an award - winning writer . She is an avid DIYer that is equally at home repurposing random objects into new , useful creations as she is at supporting community gardening efforts and writing about healthy alternatives to household chemicals . She has also written many pieces on landlord and tenant concerns . She ' s written numerous DIY articles for paint and decor companies , as well as for Black + Decker , Hunker , Kroger and Landlordology , among others . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Furnished Apartment", "appliances", "basic accouterments" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/nitrogen-source-tomatoes-31182.html
The Best Nitrogen Source for Tomatoes Many good nitrogen sources are available for tomatoes , and choosing the best one depends in part on your personal preferences , such as organic versus man - made fertilizers , as well as how often you are willing to apply it . When adding nitrogen to your garden , it ’ s important to remember that you can overdo it , ending up with huge , bushy green plants that look beautiful but that do n ’ t produce any tomatoes . Give your plants a good balance of nutrients , including nitrogen , to get the best results Nitrogen Basics Plants need nitrogen to support the growth of both foliage and stems . A nitrogen deficiency typically results in stunted or spindly tomato plants with sickly yellow leaves . The oldest leaves are in the worst shape , but the younger leaves begin to show symptoms of nitrogen deficiency as they age . Different fertilizers release nitrogen at different rates , and you have to reapply fertilizers that give up nitrogen quickly more frequently than slow - release types . Applying too much nitrogen can result in the excess washing away and polluting local waterways , so you need to Organic Sources Some gardeners prefer to use organic sources of plant nutrients , including nitrogen , in the belief that naturally occurring elements are better for the plants . According to the University of California , this is n ’ t true , and plants can readily use both organic and man - made fertilizers as long as they are in a form that the plants can absorb . Good organic sources of nitrogen include fish meal , blood meal , worm castings and soybean meal . The fish and blood meals release their nitrogen relatively quickly , while both worm castings Man - made Sources A common source of inorganic nitrogen is sulfur - coated urea . This is available either alone or as part of a complete fertilizer blend and is an excellent way to boost the nitrogen content of the soil . Urea releases its nitrogen slowly , meaning that you do n ’ t have to reapply this fertilizer very often to see good results from your tomato plants . Use caution and always follow package directions when applying this type of product , since its high nitrogen content makes it easy to use too much . Legumes Legumes , such as alfalfa and peas , take in nitrogen and fix it in the soil . Planting these plants a season before you put in tomato plants , as part of a planned crop rotation system , creates soil that is naturally rich in nitrogen . This gives your tomato plants a boost right from the start without the need for any additional sources of nitrogen to get them growing , though once the nitrogen in the soil is depleted you will need to add more . Using composted legumes is another way to give your tomato plants References ( 4 ) Learn2Grow : Pick up the Fertilizer Essentials University of California Garden Web : Vegetables and Sustainable Harvest to Table : Vegetable Plant Nutrients : Sources and Deficiencies University of Vermont Extension : Sources of Nitrogen for Organic Farms Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Nitrogen Source", "Tomatoes", "organic" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/not-cover-plants-plastic-frost-67563.html
Why Not Cover Plants with Plastic for a Frost ? Written by Kristi Waterworth ; Updated December 14 , 2018 Related Articles 1 Why Does Putting Plastic Over My Tomatoes Kill Them ? 2 Protect Garden Vegetables From Frost 3 Cover Plants Without Losing Them in Frigid Temperatures 4 Can Clear Plastic Sheets Be Used to Cover Orange Trees in a Freeze ? Unexpected frosts can leave gardeners scrambling for anything to cover their not - quite - dormant or newly awakening plants . Grandma used cotton bedsheets and comforters , but in this modern world , it would seem that a modern material like plastic would protect plants significantly better . Plastic can be used in some situations , but most of the time , the old ways are better . Frost It does n ' t have to freeze for plants to be damaged by frost ; it just has to get cold enough for water vapor to condense on plant tissues that have been chilled to just below freezing . This is exactly what happens during a radiation frost , the most common type of frost event . During a radiation frost , heat from plants , buildings and even the ground are lost to the still atmosphere . Plant Tissues Plant leaves lose heat much more quickly than surrounding objects , the ground and even the air during a radiation frost . This difference in temperature between the air and leaves encourages the formation of ice crystals that grow through surface cells and thin tissues . When tissues warm above freezing , melting the frost , their contents leak out , causing the death of these punctured cells . For some plants , this kind of damage is no problem - - they may look a little worse for wear , but will continue to grow normally . Other plants Plastic for Frost Plastic seems like a good idea for frost protection , but it ' s just too thin to provide any insulation to plants . Since frost forms when leaf temperatures dip , simply covering the plant is n ' t going to be enough to protect it - - the trick is to use an insulated covering to capture heat that ' s radiating from the ground . Plastic that touches plants is even worse than no protection in many cases , since it can hold moisture against plant tissues and cause more serious freeze damage . However , when Better Coverings In general , you should toss plastic covers out of your emergency plant supply closet , but thick bedspreads , cardboard boxes and heavy curtains are still winners . Just ensure that when you cover your plant , the cover reaches the ground , trapping warm air under the plant ' s canopy . The better the cover does this , the safer your plant will be from frost . In areas where frost is frequent and unpredictable , gardeners often erect tall stakes or forms around their frost - sensitive plants so they can drape their covers over the References ( 5 ) University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources : Frost Protection for Citrus and Other Subtropicals Texas A&M AgriLife Extension : Frosts and Freezes University of California Davis : Passive Frost Protection of Trees and Vines Penn State Department of Agriculture : Frost and Freeze Protection Arizona Cooperative Extension : Dealing With Freeze Damaged Landscape Plants About the Author Kristi Waterworth started her writing career in 1995 as a journalist for a local newspaper . From there , her meandering career path led to a 9 1 / 2 year stint in the real estate industry . Since 2010 , she ' s written on a wide range of personal finance topics . Waterworth received a Bachelor of Arts in American history from Columbia College . Cite this Article
[ "Cover Plants", "Frost" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/optimum-temperature-growing-cabbage-67094.html
Optimum Temperature for Growing Cabbage Related Articles 1 Soil & Climate Requirement for Carrot Production 2 What Are the Causes of Large Cabbage Leaves & No Heads Forming ? 3 Harvest a Cabbage Head 4 Do Baby Heads Reappear After Harvesting Cabbage Heads ? Winter in a Mediterranean climate is the perfect time to fill the garden beds with cool - season vegetables like cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ) . In a 10 - foot garden row , you can grow 10 to 18 pounds of cabbage . There are a variety of cabbages to try , including red cabbage and green cabbage hybrids . Growing Temperatures The optimum temperature for growing a successful cabbage crop is 60 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit . Cabbage will grow at temperatures as low as 45 degrees and can tolerate high temperatures up to 80 degrees , but if it gets any warmer , cabbage will bolt . When a plant bolts , it produces a flower stalk and then and goes to seed . Once the flower develops , the leaves get tough and bitter , ruining the crop . Cabbage requires a growing season of 65 to 95 days . Growing Season In a mild , Mediterranean climate that has cool winters and hot summers , grow cabbage during the cool winter season . In frost - free areas , you can plant in late fall for a spring harvest . In colder areas that experience some winter frost , plant cabbage in late winter or very early spring as soon as the temperatures is consistently at 40 degrees Fahrenheit or warmer . In a cool , coastal regions , where summer temperatures rarely rise above 80 degrees , you can grow cabbage year - round . Seed Germination For best germination rates , start cabbage seeds in seed flats in a greenhouse or other protected area . Cabbage seeds germinate in soil between 50 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit and take four to 10 days to germinate . The seedlings take five to seven weeks to grow big enough to plant out in the garden . You can also plant cabbage seeds directly into a prepared garden bed as soon as the soil warms to 50 degrees . Growing , Harvest and Storage Cabbage grows well in heavy clay or loamy soil and full sun . Space cabbage 12 to 14 inches apart . The heads are ready to harvest when full size and firm . The mature size of cabbage varies depending on the variety . You can also harvest immature heads throughout the growing season . Once harvested , you can store cabbage for up to five months in a cool spot at 32 degrees Fahrenheit . References ( 4 ) Washington State University : Propagating Plants From Seed UC Vegetable Research and Information Center USDA Plants Profile : Brassica Oleracea Arizona Master Gardeners : Vegetable Garden : Selecting Vegetable Crops About the Author Eulalia Palomo has been a professional writer since 2009 . Prior to taking up writing full time she has worked as a landscape artist and organic gardener . Palomo holds a Bachelor of Arts in liberal studies from Boston University . She travels widely and has spent over six years living abroad . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "cabbage", "Mediterranean climate", "optimum temperature" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/orchid-after-flowers-fall-off-49429.html
What to Do With an Orchid After the Flowers Fall Off ? Written by Victoria Lee Blackstone ; Updated December 15 , 2018 Related Articles 1 When an Orchid Ends Blooming , What to Do to Promote Future Blooming ? 2 Cut Back a Moth Orchid 3 I Can not Get My Moth Orchid to Bloom After the Flowers Fell Off 4 Orchids : Cut Back the Stalk Orchid flowers cover a range of unusual shapes , varying sizes and a rainbow of colors . They may resemble butterflies , spiders or lady ’ s slippers . Once blooms finish flowering , they fall off plants to leave bare stems in their place . Proper plant care after flowering ceases determines the continued health of orchids and ensures future blooms . Flower Spikes Phalaenopsis , commonly called butterfly or moth orchids , produce many flowers on long , arching stems , called spikes . Plants may bloom for months until spent flowers fall from plants . The American Orchid Society notes that Phalaenopsis is the only commercially available variety that may set flower buds on the old spike . As long as the spike stays green , it has the potential to produce more flowers . Some growers leave the entire spike in place , and others cut it back to the bottom two nodes , which may initiate growth buds and set Removing Flower Spikes After flowers fall off , use a sterile razor blade to cut the flower spike and discard the tool after a single use . Optionally , you can disinfect a cutting tool with alcohol or flame it to kill germs . Apply a fungicide directly to cut surfaces without applying it to the roots , which will help prevent fungal diseases that commonly attack orchids . As an option to using synthetic chemicals , The American Orchid Society recommends using ground cinnamon as an organic fungicide . You can sprinkle cinnamon directly from your spice jar onto pruning wounds , Repotting Orchid plants like tight fits inside pots , but when their roots start growing up and over pot rims , it is time to repot them . Wait until your orchid stops flowering and all the blooms have fallen to remove the plant from its old pot and pot it into a slightly larger container . Use a bark - based potting mix that is specially blended for orchids instead of garden soil . Fleshy orchid roots break easily and need gentle handling as you lift the plant from its pot . Place the orchid so that its crown sits Watering and Fertilizing After orchids stop flowering , they need a rest period before they resume flower production . Many orchids , such as Cattleya and Oncidium , have pseudobulbs , which are fleshy stems that store water and nutrients . During their post - flowering rest period , reduce watering . If you overwater these varieties , they may rot and die . Phalaenopsis and Vanda orchids do n ’ t have pseudobulbs to store water , so you should water them thoroughly when the potting mix is nearly dry to keep them from completely drying out . Reduce fertilizing all varieties References ( 4 ) The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Mohave County : Growing Orchids in Havasu American Orchid Society : Where Do I Cut The Flower Spike When It Is Finished ? Clemson Cooperative Extension : Orchids University of Illinois Extension : Growing Orchids About the Author Victoria Lee Blackstone is a horticulturist and a professional writer who has authored research - based scientific / technical papers , horticultural articles , and magazine and newspaper articles . After studying botany and microbiology at Clemson University , Blackstone was hired as a University of Georgia Master Gardener Coordinator . She is also a former mortgage acquisition specialist for Freddie Mac in Atlanta , GA . Cite this Article
[ "Orchid", "Flowers Fall", "Phalaenopsis" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/organic-methods-increasing-nitrogen-soil-44860.html
Organic Methods of Increasing Nitrogen in Soil All plants need nitrogen and having enough in the soil is particularly important for heavy feeders such as corn and tomatoes . Between 1 and 6 percent of every plant ' s makeup is nitrogen , a necessary element in amino acids - - the building blocks of protein . Leaching , run - off and plant use are just some of the ways this element can be lost . Use organic methods to return this element to the soil . Add a Layer of Grass Clippings Grass clippings are a free and easy way to add nitrogen and potassium to the soil . A mulching mower is the easiest way to collect grass clippings , but if you do n ' t have one , rake clippings into a pile and shovel them into the garden in walkways and around the base of plants . Clippings should be added in several thin layers rather than one thick layer to aid in faster composting . If fresh clippings are added to the garden in a thick layer , it will take some nitrogen from the soil as Plant Legumes Plants from the legume family are nitrogen fixers - - taking nitrogen gas from the air and turning it into a compound useable by plants . Peas and beans make excellent companion crops with corn and asparagus , while cover crops such as Austrian winter peas can be planted to improve the soil in unused areas . Spread Coffee Grounds Coffee grounds are about 2 percent nitrogen byy volume , making them an excellent addition to garden soil . Coffee can be composted before adding it to the soil , or it can be added directly . To compost , combine equal parts grounds , leaves and grass clippings , turning weekly until the compost becomes fine and brown . Coffee grounds can be added directly to the soil as long as they are lightly worked into the soil with a rake . If it sits on the top of the soil , it may absorb water , preventing the Mulch With Leaves A beneficial way to improve soil conditions over the winter is to mulch the entire garden with leaves . As they break down over winter , they will add nitrogen to the soil , which it will store for the summer garden . Once all plants are removed for winter , simply pile 2 to 4 inches of fallen leaves onto the garden space and water well to compress and settle the leaves and to keep them from flying away . Leaves can also be used to mulch existing plants any time of year . References ( 4 ) University of Hawaii : Soil Management Oregon State University Extension Service : Coffee Grounds and Composting GrowVeg : Using Grass Clippings as Vegetable Garden Mulch Britannica : Nitrogen - Fixing Bacteria About the Author Tiffany Selvey has been a writer since 2007 . A master gardener , she specializes in growing vegetables , herbs and flowers organically . Selvey studied interior design at the University of Arkansas . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Organic Methods", "Increasing Nitrogen", "soil" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/organisms-feed-palm-trees-38885.html
What Organisms Feed on Palm Trees ? Palm trees such as Mediterranean fan palm ( Chamaerops humilis ) , date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera ) and California fan palm ( Washingtonia filifera ) grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 11 . In the United States , they are found in Florida and California . Many palm pest organisms are found only in the southern climates , but some pests feed off of northern growing palm trees as well . Beetles and Weevils The giant palm borer is a brown or black beetle that lives in the trunks of the palm tree . They tunnel into the wood leaving holes in the trunk . The larva feed on the inner parts of the tree , causing fronds to yellow and drop and the trunk to decay , eventually killing the tree . The red palm weevil has spread to the U.S. from Asia . The red weevils act similarly to the palm borers , killing a tree within a year after infestation . Destroy infected trees , and keep palms healthy so they Soft and Armored Scale Scales are tiny insects that look like bumps on a plant ' s surface . Armored scales have a hard outer shell that covers the insect while it sucks fluids from the palm tree . Soft scales do not have armor , and they secrete honeydew as they feed on the tree . Scales will weaken the tree , but do not usually cause permanent damage to palms . Prune infested fronds . Place sticky tape around the bottom of the tree to keep ants from helping the scales against natural enemies such as ladybugs and parasitic wasps . Wash Mites Spider mites feed on palm trees year - round . Large numbers can damage trees . Eriophyid mites cause blisters on leaves but do little real damage . Check under yellowed fronds for the presence of mites . Ladybugs are natural predators that will help control the mites . Keeping the palm tree watered will make it less susceptible to damage . Prune off heavily infested fronds . Spray the tree with pressured water to dislodge the pests . Avoid using pesticides ; use horticultural oil if a chemical treatment is necessary . Caterpillars , Mealybugs and Whiteflies Caterpillars create web shelters in the tree foliage . They feed on the fronds as they grow . Eventually the loss of foliage can weaken or kill the palm tree . Prune heavily infected fronds and scrape off any visible eggs . Apply Bacillus thuringiensis when the larva appear . Mealybugs are covered with a waxy , powdery substance . Whitefly eggs and larva are on the underside of fronds . Mealybugs and whiteflies cause fronds to yellow and drop as they feed on the plant liquids . They also excrete honeydew that leaves sticky , black mold . Prune References ( 10 ) Monrovia : Mediterranean Fan Palm University of California Integrated Pest Management : Scales University of California Integrated Pest Management : Giant Palm Borer - Dinapate Wrighti ANR News Blog : Another Palm Tree Infested with Red Palm Weevil University of California Integrated Pest Management : Spider Mites University of California Integrated Pest Management : Gall and Blister Mites University of California Integrated Pest Management : Whiteflies University of California Integrated Pest Management : Foliage - Feeding Caterpillars University of California Integrated Pest Management : Foliar - Feeding Mealybugs University of California Integrated Pest Management : Palm Disesases in the Landscape Resources ( 3 ) University of California Integrated Pest Management : Pests and Disorders of Palm APSnet : Diseases and Disorders of Ornamental Palms Dot Palm , Inc . : Top 10 Tree Problems About the Author Jill Kokemuller has been writing since 2010 , with work published in the " Daily Gate City . " She spent six years working in a private boarding school , where her focus was English , algebra and geometry . Kokemuller is an authorized substitute teacher and holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from the University of Iowa . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Palm Trees", "Mediterranean fan palm", "palm pest organisms" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/outreach-marketing-ideas-apartments-8144.html
Outreach Marketing Ideas for Apartments Attract potential residents to your apartment complex by implementing outreach marketing ideas that allow you to connect with members of the surrounding community . Use word - of - mouth marketing to help promote your outreach activities ; your current residents can help by spreading the word to friends , family and colleagues . Host a Blood Drive Help save lives by hosting a blood drive at your apartment complex . Invite residents , their families and friends and community members to participate . Schedule a date at least a month in advance with the Red Cross , so that you can begin to advertise the drive and get volunteers . During the blood drive , have leasing agents welcome volunteers . Set up a table with water bottles and snacks for participants . Create custom water bottle labels with your apartment complex ' s logo , contact information and slogan ; affix these labels to the water bottles . Distribute thank you bags to participants and include promotional items such as water bottles , t - shirt , key chains or pencils inside of each bag . Also include business cards and brochures for your apartment facility . Have games and activities such as face painting and crafts available for Organize a Community Yard Sale Invite current residents to participate in a community yard sale . Give residents space on the apartment complex grounds to set up tables and sell unwanted items and crafts . An event of this sort will attract people from the areas surrounding your apartment complex . Some may be in search of a new place to live , so this is an opportunity to promote your apartments to potential residents . Set up a table with a banner featuring your apartment complex ' s name . Use balloons to decorate the area and attract attention . Equip the table with tote bags with your apartment ' s logo , key chains , pencils and water bottles . Staff the table with leasing agents who can answer questions about your complex . Prepare information request cards that ask potential residents for their names , apartment preference and contact information . Host a Movie Night Use your apartment complex ' s common area to host a family movie night for residents . Encourage them to invite their friends and family to join the festivities . Offer an incentive to encourage resident participation . For each guest a resident brings , enter the resident ' s name into a drawing for a cash prize . Serve traditional movie theater snacks such as popcorn , hot dogs , nachos and candy . Select a movie that ' s appropriate for all ages . Ask each family to bring a nonperishable food item and donate the items to Before beginning the movie , have leasing agents introduce themselves to everyone and give them an overview of your apartment complex , covering housing features and discussing the benefits of becoming a resident . Have brochures available for interested persons and use information request cards to document contact information for potential residents . References ( 2 ) Oprah : Organize a Yard Sale or Garage Sale Charity Guide : Organize a Blood Drive Resources ( 1 ) All Business : Why Did n ' t I Think of That ? 21 Proven Marketing Ideas About the Author Miranda Brookins is a marketing professional who has over seven years of experience in copywriting , direct - response and Web marketing , publications management and business communications . She has a bachelor ' s degree in business and marketing from Towson University and is working on a master ' s degree in publications design at University of Baltimore . Photo Credits apartment for rent image by dead_account from Fotolia . com Cite this Article
[ "Outreach Marketing", "Apartments" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/overfertilized-soil-actually-kill-plant-45795.html
How Does Over - Fertilized Soil Actually Kill a Plant ? Related Articles 1 Signs of Over - Fertilizing Plants 2 The Symptoms of Over - Fertilizing 3 Flush Over - Fertilized Soil 4 Problems of Overusing Fertilizers Although it may seem counter - intuitive , over - fertilizing your garden is as bad or worse for your plants than under - fertilizing . The severity of damage caused by over - fertilization is highly variable depending on the plants involved , but pests , diseases and even root damage can result from over - fertilization . Soil tests are vital tools in the gardener ' s arsenal and can help prevent plant injury . Promotes Rapid Growth Excessive fertilization , especially with fertilizers high in nitrogen , encourage rapid plant growth . Although this sounds like a great thing , it actually stresses the plant considerably . Many plants suddenly grow lots of new leaves and branches that the slower - growing root system can not supply adequately with water and nutrients . All the extra energy the plant diverted to producing leaves results in significantly reduced flower and fruit production . Encourages Diseases and Attracts Pests Rapid growth induced by over - fertilization is appealing to sap - feeding insects , like aphids , scale and spider mites , who colonize and multiply quickly on these plants . The stressed plants , in turn , may become more susceptible to diseases that otherwise would be minor annoyances . Having spent their energy reserves on unchecked growth , over - fertilized plants decline rapidly in the face of the extra demand pests and diseases place upon them . Alters Soil Salinity and pH Excessive fertilizing can cause a build up of fertilizer salts , raising soil salinity and altering the pH of your garden . Plants in highly saline environments suffer significant root damage , which can lead to an inability to take up nutrients and water properly . Seed germination may slow or stop in the presence of excessive salt . Lower soil pH as a result of over - fertilization also makes nutrients less available , leading to a variety of nutritional deficiencies . Causes Nutritional Imbalances Nutritional imbalances are common in overly fertilized soils . Often a gardener will add too much of one element in hopes that it alone will correct whatever problem their plants suffer , but unless nutrition is balanced reasonably , some elements will not be able to be used properly . Fatal problems resulting from nutritional imbalances , such as iron chlorosis , sometimes are reversible if addressed quickly . References ( 9 ) University of Maryland Extension : Soil , Fertilizer , Mulch & Compost University of Minnesota Sustainable Urban Landscape Information Series : Types and Forms of Nutrient Sources - - Nitrogen ( N ) University of Idaho Extension : Using Soil Test Results for Garden Fertilization Kansas State Research and Extension : Tomatoes Plagued with Blossom End Rot Texas A&M Agrilife Extension : The Dos and Don ' ts ( and Whys ) of Fertilization ; James A . McAfee Clemson Cooperative Extension : Soil Sampling and Fertility Management Washington State University Extension : Plant Problems : Environmental Colorado State University Extension : Leaf Scorch Washington State University Extension : Phosphorus Fertilization About the Author Kristi Waterworth started her writing career in 1995 as a journalist for a local newspaper . From there , her meandering career path led to a 9 1 / 2 year stint in the real estate industry . Since 2010 , she ' s written on a wide range of personal finance topics . Waterworth received a Bachelor of Arts in American history from Columbia College . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "counter-intuitive", "Excessive fertilization" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/paint-driveways-29041.html
How to Paint Driveways Related Articles 1 Topcoat a Driveway 2 Paint Concrete to Look Like Tile Using a Stencil 3 Resurface Painted Concrete 4 Paint Concrete Surfaces Painting your driveway extends its life and improves the value of your property . Driveways are exposed to harsh weather , gasoline leaks and oil spills . If it does n ' t get the proper attention , the concrete can chip and crack . To preserve its look , protect your investment and improve the look of your home , clean the surface , repair the cracks and apply a few coats of quality concrete paint . This project does require a little elbow grease and a few days of your time , but the added curb appeal makes 1 Remove all dirt and debris from the surface of the driveway using a leaf blower . Connect a power washer to your hose . Follow the manufacturer ' s instructions and fill the power washer ' s reservoir with a degreasing product . Wash the entire driveway , holding the wand of the washer 12 inches from the surface and using a back - and - forth movement . Allow the driveway to dry . 2 Inspect the driveway and note any cracks . Remove all dirt and small pieces of concrete from each crack using an awl . It may be necessary to remove larger pieces of concrete with a chisel and hammer . Brush the cracks with a wire brush to help dislodge loose concrete . Blow away all debris with the leaf blower . 3 Fill each crack that is less than 1 / 4 inch wide with a concrete - repair caulk . Use a caulk gun and squeeze the caulk into the crack until it is slightly overfull . Smooth out the caulk with a putty knife and blend in the edges of the caulk with the surrounding surface of the driveway . As the caulk dries , it may shrink down into the crack and a second application may be necessary . 4 Fill each crack that is between 1 / 4 inch and 1 / 2 inch wide with a premixed mortar . Pour the mortar into the crack until it is slightly overfull and then smooth the mortar out with a putty knife . If the mortar shrinks while drying , repeat the process . Allow the areas to dry overnight . 5 Stir the epoxy concrete paint before using . Pour a portion of the paint into a paint tray . Apply a thin coat of paint with a 3 / 8 - inch nap roller and work in small sections . Overlap the edges of the sections a few inches for a more uniform look . Start at one end of your driveway and work toward the opposite end . Allow the first coat to dry overnight and then apply a second coat . 6 Avoid walking on the driveway for a minimum of 24 hours . Heavy foot traffic is allowed after 72 hours . Avoid driving on the driveway for seven days . Things You Will Need Leaf blower Hose Degreasing product Power washer Awl Chisel Hammer Wire brush Concrete - repair caulk Caulk gun Putty knife Premixed mortar Epoxy concrete paint Paint tray 3 / 8 - inch nap roller with a long handle attachment Tips If you do n ' t expect a minimum of three rain - free days , do not apply the paint . Check with your homeowner ' s association to see if there are any restrictions regarding the paint color . Warning Avoid injuries ; wear protective clothing and safety glasses . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Paint Driveways", "Leaf blower" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/paint-gas-grill-29383.html
How to Paint a Gas Grill Many gas grills are stored on a deck next to a house when not in use . An unprotected grill that is exposed to the elements develops corrosion on the metal surface , and the paint may flake and chip . A new coat of paint extends the life of the grill and makes the appliance look brand new . The grill will require a special heat - resistant paint . Otherwise , the paint will bubble off while the grill is in use . 1 Remove all hardware from the surface of the gas grill . Pull the knobs from the grill . Place all hardware and knobs in a safe location until needed . 2 Remove any rust from the gas grill surface . Scrub the area with a wire brush until as much rust as possible is removed . Rub steel wool on the same area to remove additional rust . Sand the rusted area until the surface is smooth . 3 Scratch the entire surface of the gas grill with 220 - grit sandpaper . The small grooves placed in the surface provide areas for the heat - resistant paint to adhere . 4 Wipe the entire surface of the gas grill down with a damp cloth to remove all sanding dust . 5 Apply a layer of painter ' s tape over knob connections , valve connections and other locations on the grill that wo n ' t be painted . Cut or tear the painter ' s tape into the desired shape or size . Press the edges of the painter ' s tape securely to the gas grill surface to prevent paint infiltration . 6 Place the grill in a well - ventilated area . Hold a can of heat - resistant spray paint approximately 10 inches from the grill ' s surface . Spray a layer of paint over the surface , moving the can in a side - to - side motion . Allow the layer of spray paint to dry for 30 minutes . Repeat the process for a total of three coats . Allow the heat - resistant spray paint to dry for 24 hours before use . 7 Remove all painter ' s tape . Reinstall all hardware and knobs . Things You Will Need Phillips screwdriver Pliers 1 1 / 2 - inch painter ' s tape Safety glasses Wire brush Steel wool 220 - grit sandpaper Damp cloth Face mask Heat - resistant spray paint Tip Always wear protective eye covering when using the wire brush , steel wool and sandpaper . About the Author Kim Blakesley is a home remodeling business owner , former art / business teacher and school principal . She began her writing and photography career in 2008 . Blakesley ' s education , fine arts , remodeling , green living , and arts and crafts articles have appeared on numerous websites , including DeWalt Tools , as well as in " Farm Journal " and " Pro Farmer . " Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Gas Grill", "corrosion" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/paint-off-brick-20222.html
How to Take Paint Off Brick Paint on bricks might seem impossible to remove , but one method is very effective for reaching into the deep crevices of bricks and mortar . Special peel - off paint strippers use chemicals , time and peeling strips to pull embedded paint up from porous and detailed surfaces . Although San Francisco , the State of California and the EPA do n ' t regulate private individuals ’ use of paint strippers , choose a stripper with low or no VOCs to protect your health and that of your neighbors , especially when stripping large areas of brick such 1 Apply painter ’ s tape across areas where you will not strip . Guard against drips across large areas by taping plastic drop cloths along the edge of the brick and spreading the plastic over the area that needs protection . 2 Put on chemical - resistant gloves , eye protection and a breathing mask . If the manufacturer recommends it , use a respirator - style mask . 3 Spread peelable paint stripping paste or gel on the painted brick surface with a flat trowel , drywall seam taping knife or manufacturer - provided tool . 4 Drag the trowel , blade or tool up , down and side to side to push stripper into the crevices . Do n ' t scrape paint off the wall while applying the stripper , as the paint might contain lead . 5 Apply more stripper over the first layer on the brick , building the material up to a thickness that is recommended by the stripper manufacturer . Too little stripper will fail to penetrate all the paint . Too much can drip or slide down the bricks . 6 Press the peeling strips , which are often a type of fabric or paper , against the stripper . Leave the strips in place . 7 Allow the stripper to penetrate and loosen paint as long as the manufacturer recommends . Removing many layers of paint usually requires at least 24 hours . 8 Put on the gloves , eye protection and breathing mask again . 9 Nudge the edge of a drywall seam taping knife or a tool provided by the manufacturer under the edge of a peeling strip on the brick . Carefully lift the strip , peeling off the underlying paint in a slow , deliberate motion . Ripping off the strip can cause it to tear and leave old paint and stripper stuck to the brick . Remove the remainder of the strips . 10 Clean the brick using the methods and materials required by the stripper manufacturer . It is critical to follow the stripper manufacturer ’ s directions . Some strippers might neutralize automatically after a certain number of hours , but some require the use of a special neutralizing agent to stop the action of the stripper . Things You Will Need Painter ’ s tape Plastic sheeting Chemical - resistant gloves Eye protection Dust - or respirator - style mask Peelable paint stripper paste or gel with fabric or paper peeling strips Flat trowel or drywall taping knife Proprietary paint stripper neutralizer ( where applicable ) Proprietary brick cleaning agent ( where applicable ) References ( 2 ) Old House Web : Brick Houses City and County of San Francisco : Toxics Recycling for Residents Resources ( 1 ) California Department of Public Health : N - Methylpyrrolidone ( NMP ) About the Author Carole Oldroyd , a writer based in East Tennessee , has authored numerous DIY home improvement , Human Resources , HR and Law articles . In addition to holding a degree in paralegal studies , she has more than 10 years of experience renovating newer homes and restoring historic property . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Paint on bricks", "chemical-resistant gloves", "respirator-style mask" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/paint-off-furniture-ruining-finish-103833.html
How to Get Paint Off Furniture Without Ruining the Finish Written by Chris Deziel ; Updated December 28 , 2018 When paint spatters mar your wood furniture , you ca n ' t reach for paint stripper or sandpaper , but there are a few ways to coax the paint off without ruining the finish . If it ' s been more than two or three days since the spatters occurred , the paint has probably dried and cured . You may be able to emulsify it , but you need to do it with something that wo n ' t harm the finish , so the first thing to do is find out what the finish is . Lacquer Scrape the paint lightly with a plastic putty knife or a credit card . Sometimes this is all you need to do to remove small spatter of dried paint . If the paint does n ' t come off easily , do n ' t force it , as you can scratch the furniture ' s finish . Try softening the paint with a few drops of olive oil . Cover the paint with a cloth and let the oil soak in for about an hour . If the treatment works , you should be able to wipe off the paint with a rag or scrape it off with a plastic paint scraper . Test the finish before resorting to more drastic measures . Use nail polish remover to test for conventional lacquer . Choose an inconspicuous spot and dab it with an artist ' s paintbrush . If the finish softens , it ' s lacquer . If it remains hard , the finish is either waterborne acrylic , alkyd varnish or polyurethane . You can use stronger solvents on these finishes . Soften paint on a lacquer finish with latex paint remover or mineral spirits . These are the strongest solvents you can safely use . Dab either on the paint with a cotton swab and scrape the paint off with a plastic putty knife when it softens . If neither softens the paint , the only alternative is to sand it off and repair the finish . Use lacquer thinner to soften paint on an acrylic , alkyd or polyurethane finish . Dab the solvent on the paint and scrape it off when it softens . If the paint wo n ' t soften , it may be catalyzed lacquer or urethane . If so , the only option is to sand it off . Things You Will Need Plastic putty knife or credit card Olive oil Cloth Nail polish remover Latex paint remover Mineral spirits Cotton swab Lacquer thinner Tip If you have a large spatter , try freezing the paint splatter with ice for five minutes . That may make it brittle enough to chip off with a plastic paint scraper . If the finish is n ' t lacquer , you may be able to remove the paint with nail polish remover . Most polish removers are a combination of lacquer thinner and acetone . Warning Keep the room well ventilated when using mineral spirits or lacquer thinner . If you ' re sensitive to volatile organic compounds , you should wear a respirator . References ( 2 ) Wood Magazine : What Finish Is That Anyway ? My Perfect Color : Remove Paint Splatters About the Author Chris Deziel has a bachelor ' s degree in physics and a master ' s degree in humanities . Besides having an abiding interest in popular science , Deziel has been active in the building and home design trades since 1975 . As a landscape builder , he helped establish two gardening companies . Cite this Article
[ "wood furniture", "Scrape", "polyurethane" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/paint-textured-refrigerator-27654.html
How to Paint a Textured Refrigerator Related Articles 1 Repaint Refrigerators 2 Paint a Rusty Refrigerator 3 Paint White Appliances Black 4 Paint a Refrigerator With Epoxy Paint A textured finish on a refrigerator is designed to hide all those fingerprints that one with a high - gloss finish tends to show . Unfortunately , a textured surface does n ’ t guarantee the refrigerator ’ s paint is immune to peeling and the cabinet resists rust . You can paint the surface of a textured refrigerator with an epoxy spray paint formulated for appliances to hide damage and retard rust . Check the weather conditions before painting to ensure temperatures are between 50 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit and the relative humidity is below 85 percent . Lower 1 Pull the refrigerator away from the kitchen wall to access the power cord . Unplug the appliance ’ s power cord from the wall outlet . 2 Turn off the refrigerator water supply either beneath the sink or behind the refrigerator if your appliance has an icemaker and water dispenser . Disconnect the water supply line from the valve on the back of the refrigerator . Use pliers to loosen the compression connector on the line to release the water line . 3 Pull the grill off the bottom of the refrigerator . Some refrigerator grills are held to the appliance with screws that you must remove before you can pull off the grill . Removing the grill exposes the water dispenser tube for refrigerators that have in - door water dispensers . 4 Place a towel under the dispenser tube . Press against one end of the quick - connect with an adjustable box - end wrench to pull the tube apart . 5 Remove the hinge covers from the top of the refrigerator and freezer doors . You can pull the covers off some refrigerator hinges ; you must remove the screw holding the hinge cover to the top of the refrigerator on other models . 6 Unscrew the bolts holding the hinges to the top of the refrigerator with a nut driver . If you find your refrigerator has electrical wires running from the door to the refrigerator , simply pull the wiring harness apart to disconnect the two sets of wires . 7 Open the refrigerator doors slightly and lift them off the hinges . If your freezer door is above the refrigerator , remove the top hinge from the freezer in the same manner as a side - by - side . Lift the freezer door off the center hinge . Remove the screws that hold the center hinge to the refrigerator , then lift the refrigerator door off the bottom hinge . 8 Remove the bottom hinges , if possible . Place each hinge in a sealable food storage bag . Label each bag with the hinge location with a felt - tipped marker . 9 Protect the ground of a well - ventilated area either outdoors or your garage with old sheets or newspapers . Move your refrigerator and doors to the location you have chosen . 10 Wash the exterior of the textured refrigerator with a multipurpose cleaner and degreaser . Rinse your appliance with clean water and allow the refrigerator to dry . 11 Sand the surface of your refrigerator with fine - grit sandpaper . Use a light touch to remove any loose paint and rust from the textured surface . 12 Remove the door handles if you do not want to paint them . If you are unable to locate the screws to remove the doors , wrap Kraft paper around the handles and secure the paper with painter ’ s tape . 13 Cover any areas with Kraft paper that you do not want to paint , such as the freezer and refrigerator openings , gaskets around doors and in - door dispensers . Secure the paper in place with painter ’ s tape . Double - check the refrigerator for areas you do not wish to paint and ensure they are protected with paper , tape or both . 14 Shake your can of epoxy appliance spray paint for at least one minute . Hold the can about 12 to 16 inches from the refrigerator surface . 15 Apply pressure to the spray nozzle and paint the surface using even back and forth strokes . Each new pass of paint should overlap the previous pass slightly . Shake the spray paint can between every three or four passes across the refrigerator . 16 Allow the appliance paint to dry for at least two hours . Apply a second coat of appliance paint using the same method as the first coat . Apply three to four more coats to the refrigerator , letting each coat dry before applying the next . 17 Let the refrigerator dry overnight before removing the paper and tape . Reattach the hinges , door and any other parts you removed before painting the appliance . Move the refrigerator back to its original location , reconnect any water lines , and plug it into the wall . Things You Will Need Pliers Screwdriver Towel Adjustable box - end wrench Assorted nut drivers Sealable food storage bag Felt - tipped marker Old sheets or newspapers Multipurpose cleaner and degreaser Fine - grit sandpaper Kraft paper Painter ’ s tape Epoxy appliance spray paint References ( 4 ) Rust - Oleum : Technical Data Specialty Appliance Epoxy Sprays You Tube : RepairClinic : How to Remove Frigidaire Refrigerator / Freezer Doors Amana : How Do I Remove / Replace My Refrigerator Door ( s ) ? You Tube : PartSelect : Refrigerator Repair - Replacing the Door Handle About the Author Cecilia Harsch has been writing professionally since 2009 . She writes mainly home improvement , health and travel articles for various online publications . She has several years of experience in the home - improvement industry , focusing on gardening , and a background in group exercise instruction . Harsch received her Certified Nurses Assistant license in 2004 . She attended Tarrant County College and studied English composition . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Textured Refrigerator", "Paint" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/paint-wooden-porch-35365.html
How to Paint a Wooden Porch Your front porch is the first thing guests notice as they approach your home . You want it to look fresh and clean . A new coat of paint on the porch is good way to spruce up it up . Not only does it look good , but the paint extends the life of the wood . As you paint the porch , wear protective eyewear and gloves . Check for Lead Lead is often present in paint used prior to 1978 . If your house is near a freeway , you might also check for lead from auto emissions . Before you start the project , have the existing paint tested for lead by a state - certified assessor . Another option is to send paint chips from the porch to a lab for testing . Your local county health office can give you a list of certified labs . Building codes in your municipality might require professional removal if lead is present . Preparing the Porch Remove all the furniture , plants and other items from your porch . Examine the surface of the floor , walls , ceilings and railings carefully for loose screws or nails . If you find some loose ones , secure the fasteners in place , setting their heads slightly below the wood ’ s surface . Scrape off old paint with a paint scraper . If the paint that remains on the porch is going to cause the surface to appear uneven after you give it a coat of paint , consider sanding the entire surface . If the old Clean the porch well with a wet - dry vacuum . Remove all the debris lodged in between wooden floor planks . Washing wooden surfaces with trisodium phosphate ( TSP ) removes surface grime . You can find this cleaner in the paint aisle in the hardware store . Mix it according to package directions . After you scrub all the porch surfaces with the TSP , rinse them well with the garden hose and let the wood dry thoroughly . Select the Paint Select a paint color that complements your house ’ s exterior colors , especially the roof and shutters . Pick a color for the walls that matches the wall color for the rest of the house . Light colors reflect the light and may make the porch seem cooler . Darker colors absorb sunlight and may be uncomfortable if you walk on the porch with your bare feet . Paint manufacturers offer exterior porch paint in latex and oil bases . Both are thicker than regular paint . Some brands of porch floor paint have granules in them that provide Paint the Porch To avoid paint drips falling on new paint , paint the porch from the top down . Start with the ceiling and upper trim . An angled sash brush works well to allow you to get into tight spots . Apply paint by brushing or rolling in the direction of the wood ’ s grain . Paint the walls next , working from the top down . Move on to the railings , columns or posts next . This is likely to be the most tedious part of the task . Finish the project by painting the floor . Paint References ( 1 ) California Department of Public Health : Testing Your Home for Lead in Paint and Soil About the Author Denise Brown is an education professional who wanted to try something different . Two years and more than 500 articles later , she ' s enjoying her freelance writing experience for online resources such as Work . com and other online information sites . Brown holds a master ' s degree in history education from Truman State University . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Wooden Porch", "coat of paint", "spruce up" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/paying-property-taxes-behind-51274.html
How to Get Help Paying Your Property Taxes When You Are Behind Written by Anna Assad ; Updated December 09 , 2018 Your local government has options for enforcing payment when you fall behind with your property taxes , such as the seizure and sale of your property through a tax foreclosure . You must take action as soon as possible to avoid more interest , penalties and collection actions . While the exact programs available for back property tax help can vary by area , a little research can help you determine any assistance for which you qualify . Ask for a Payment Plan Apply for a payment plan through the property tax office . Some areas have payment plans available for struggling homeowners . Follow the instructions from the tax office representative to apply for help . Seek a Tax Abatement Apply for a tax abatement through the local government if this option is available in your area . Under a tax abatement , the tax authority will forgive all or a part of your property taxes – you wo n ' t owe them anymore . The application process and eligibility criteria for an abatement vary by area , and you might have to document your income and assets to prove that you ca n ' t afford to pay the taxes . Look Into a Hardship Program Contact the property tax department of your county or the largest local government to ask about hardship programs for property taxes . Some counties offer these programs for people who ca n ' t pay delinquent property taxes because of a financial hardship . Program rules and eligibility vary by area . Follow all application instructions from the county office . Some states have special programs , such as the granting of low - interest loans , designed to help senior homeowners or those who have low or fixed incomes . You might also try contacting your local department of social services and apply for any available help they might offer . Social services might have special loan or grant programs available for the payment of past due property taxes . Apply for a Loan Apply for a loan through a bank or property tax lender . Property tax lenders give homeowners loans specifically to pay off back taxes . Research the lender before applying and review all loan terms and fees . Check the lender ' s history and license status with the local Better Business Bureau and the state lending regulatory agency . If you ca n ' t make the repayment terms of a loan , you ' ll incur fees , penalties and could face collection actions , such as wage garnishments . A Last Resort Contact your local legal aid society if you ca n ' t locate any property tax assistance programs through your local or state government . These usually have income limits for eligibility for assistance , so you may have to enlist the help of an attorney if you do n ' t qualify . References ( 3 ) South Brooklyn Legal Services : Your Responsibility as a Homeowner to Pay Property Taxes Law Help MN . org : Can Seniors Get Help with Property Taxes ? Austin Better Business Bureau : Understanding Property Tax Loans About the Author Anna Assad began writing professionally in 1999 and has published several legal articles for various websites . She has an extensive real estate and criminal legal background . She also tutored in English for nearly eight years , attended Buffalo State College for paralegal studies and accounting , and minored in English literature , receiving a Bachelor of Arts . Cite this Article
[ "Property Taxes" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/pending-status-house-mean-100175.html
What Does a Pending Status on a House Mean ? Real estate brokers must accurately report the status of a property listing to the multiple listing service , usually spoken of as MLS . Brokers rely heavily on the MLS to market listings and find interested buyers . As a member of an MLS , a listing broker must comply with certain rules and regulations . One such rule involves specifying the status of a home as " pending " when the seller has entered into an agreement with a buyer . MLS Reporting The San Francisco Association of Realtors governs the regional MLS . The association outlines procedures , and defines the different types of listing statuses and the language a broker must use when marketing a listing . Brokers must report a listing with an accepted offer as pending within 72 hours of acceptance , not counting weekends and certain holidays . An offer is deemed accepted when fully signed by both parties and an escrow is opened . Pending Sale A pending sale typically involves contingencies - - conditions a seller and buyer must meet to complete the transaction . Buyers typically include a financing condition , an appraisal contingency for property value property , and investigation contingencies , such as title searches and inspections . Sellers include conditions to protect themselves as well , such as a contingency to find suitable housing before the home transfers to the buyer . In a pending sale , the seller may only accept new offers on a backup basis , and the present deal must be formally cancelled before the seller can Showings and Pending Sales A broker in San Francisco may report a home that is in escrow as " Pending - - Continue to Show " or " Pending - - Do Not Show . " A seller may request that the broker obtain backup offers to safeguard against a pending deal that falls through . In such cases , listing remarks should indicate that although the home is pending , brokers may continue to show the home to prospective buyers . When a seller no longer wants to show the house while in escrow , the broker reports the listing as not to MLS Accuracy A broker must report a pending sale as closed to the MLS when the ownership transfers to the buyer . A " closed deal " must be reported within 72 hours of a transfer of title , excluding weekends and holidays . Failure to report a pending or closed deal within the required time frames results in penalties to the broker of $ 100 as of the time of publication . Inaccurate reporting or misreporting on a property ' s status also results in fines to the listing broker . References ( 2 ) San Francisco Association of Realtors : Rules and Regulations Multiple Listing Service Realtor . com : Contingencies Your Home Offer Should Include About the Author K.C. Hernandez has covered real estate topics since 2009 . She is a licensed real estate salesperson in San Diego since 2004 . Her articles have appeared in community newspapers but her work is mostly online . Hernandez has a Bachelor of Arts in English from UCLA and works as the real estate expert for Demand Media Studios . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Pending Status", "Real estate", "MLS Reporting" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/phosphates-make-grass-grow-faster-efficiently-37265.html
Phosphates That Make Grass Grow Faster & More Efficiently Phosphorus , potassium , and nitrogen are the three main nutrients needed for healthy lawns . Nitrogen promotes vigorous growth and the green color of healthy grass . Potassium helps the grass fight disease and stay healthy . Phosphorus is important for root health and early plant development . Like potassium , phosphorus also helps the grass fight disease . What is a Phosphate ? A phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid . There are many sources of phosphates , both natural and man - made . Inorganic phosphates are minerals that are mined for phosphorus to be used in agriculture . Phosphates fertilize soil , are essential for seed production , create stronger plants , and make grass grow faster and more efficiently . Root Growth Phosphorus stimulates root growth and enhances plant vigor early in the plant ' s life . Phosphorus is most important when grass is first establishing , and remains important as new blades of grass continue to grow . The presence of phosphorus helps keep the lawn lush and thick . Healthy grass roots are better able to absorb nutrients from the soil so the grass grows faster and more efficiently and well - fed grass becomes a soft , thick lawn . Not enough phosphorous in the soil results in weaker grass roots and weak roots may result in the Too Much Phosphorous Too much phosphorus in the soil can create other problems . Phosphorus clings to soil particles and moves slowly through the soil . Grass and other plants need phosphorus , but in general they do not need much . If there is already phosphorus in the soil , adding more may damage the lawn and cause broad - based environmental issues . For example , run off from excessive phosphates in the soil causes the growth of algae and weeds , the dissolution of oxygen , and even the death of fish and other aquatic animals in nearby lakes . Fertilizing Lawns The soil in the yard should be tested for phosphorous content every three to four years . Soil test kits are available in almost any home and garden supply store . The test results indicate if there is already enough phosphorus in the soil . Bags of fertilizer have three numbers on the label such as 10 - 10 - 10 . The first tells indicates the percentage of nitrogen in the fertilizer , the second number indicates the percentage of phosphates in the fertilizer , and the third number indicates the percentage of potassium in the fertilizer . There are fertilizers available with 0 percent phosphates for homeowners who already have adequate phosphates in their soil . References ( 3 ) Fertilizing Lawns Phosphorous in Agriculture Fertilizing Your Lawn Resources ( 3 ) Environmental Protection Agency on Phosphorus Phosphorus Free Lawn Fertilizer University of Vermont Extension About the Author Samantha Hanly is an organic vegetable gardener , greenhouse gardener and home canner . She grows a substantial portion of her family ' s food every year . After receiving her bachelor ' s degree , Hanly embarked on a career teaching dramatic arts , arts and crafts , and languages . She became a professional writer in 2000 , writing curricula for use in classrooms and libraries . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Phosphates", "Grass", "potassium" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-lentils-21820.html
How to Plant Lentils Related Articles 1 Grow Lentils in Pots 2 Harvest Lentils 3 Will Store Bought Beans Grow If You Plant Them ? 4 Sweet Pea Perennial Vines Lentils , a relative of beans , are nutritional powerhouses containing high levels of protein and many minerals and B vitamins . These hardy annual plants grow on branched vines , reaching heights of 18 to 24 inches with white to light purple flowers . Lentils are easy to use in various recipes and easy to grow in the home garden . 1 Select a planting area in full sun with well - drained soil . Lentils can tolerate drought , but waterlogged soil will kill the plants . 2 Prepare the planting bed by removing any weeds , clumps or rocks . Although lentils can grow in poor soil , they prefer loose soil with plenty of organic matter . Check the soil ’ s pH ; lentils thrive best in soil that has a pH between 6.0 and 6.5 but can do well in soil with pH levels from 6.0 to 8.0 . 3 Inoculate lentil seeds for ideal growth and plant health by coating with Rhizobium leguminosarum to give young plants ample nitrogen during the growing process . 4 Plant lentil seeds 1 / 2 to 1 and 1 / 2 inches deep , with 1 inch of spacing between seeds and 18 to 24 inches of space between rows . These cool - weather plants can be planted as early as three weeks before the last frost date or as late as early May . Seeds germinate in about 10 days and plants reach maturity in 80 to 119 days , depending on the variety . 5 Add a low trellis or other support system once plants begin to grow . If you choose to skip adding plant support , space lentil plants 5 inches apart to make sure they get enough air circulation . 6 Water the planting area to moisten soil without flooding it . Maintain even moisture , watering plants with about 1 inch of water weekly until the pods begin to dry . At that point , lentils should not be watered . 7 When young lentil plants grow 5 inches tall , dig a shallow furrow along the side of each row of lentils to side dress the plants with compost tea , a nutrient - rich product of steeping compost in water . Repeat the process when plants begin to flower . 8 Inspect plants weekly for any potential pests . Hose or pinch out any aphids . Remove and destroy any plants infested with weevils to prevent the pests from spreading and damaging other plants . 9 Harvest times depend on lentil varieties and your intended use for them . Harvest green pods early to eat similarly to snap beans , usually within 70 to 80 days of planting ; harvest dried lentils after the pods have hardened . Things You Will Need Trowel Soil pH testing kit Compost / organic matter ( optional ) Low trellis / plant support Compost tea Tips Companion plants include summer savory , potatoes and cucumbers . Do not plant lentils with garlic or onions . Lower soil pH with sphagnum peat , elemental sulfur , organic mulch or granular sulfur . Raise soil pH with wood ash , hydrated lime or ground limestone . The amount needed per square foot varies depending on soil pH and the product being used . Follow manufacturer instructions . You can buy compost tea online and at garden centers . Make your own by combining compost , water and unsulfured molasses in a bucket equipped with an aquarium pump , allowing it to brew for two to three days , stirring occasionally . References ( 4 ) Mercy For Animals : Lentils Harvest to Table : How to Grow Lentil Purdue University : Lentil Clemson University Cooperative Extension : Changing the pH of Your Soil Resources ( 1 ) Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection : How to Make Compost Tea About the Author Caryn Anderson combines extensive behind - the - scenes writing experience with her passion for all things food , fashion , garden and travel . Bitten by the travel bug at the age of 15 after a trip to Europe , Anderson fostered her love of style and fashion while living in New York City and earning her degree at New York University . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Lentils", "nutritional powerhouse", "minerals" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-sedum-dragons-blood-41079.html
When to Plant Sedum Dragon ' s Blood For a tough , easy - to - grow ground cover , Caucasian stonecrop ( Sedum spurium ) , also known as two - row or creeping stonecrop , is hard to beat . It has a number of varieties , but the bright red - leaved " Dragon ' s Blood " - - also known as " Schorbuser Blut " in Germany , where it was developed from S . spurium " Coccineum " - - is a long - time favorite . During warm weather , the small succulent leaves are bright dark green tinged with burgundy Seedlings Sow seeds indoors six to eight weeks before the last frost is expected . Use a nursery flat or 4 - inch pots filled with well - draining soilless potting mix . When seedlings have several sets of true leaves , transplant them to individual 2 - inch pots . Plant them in their final location when they have filled out the pot . Outdoors , sow " Dragon ' s Blood " seeds onto prepared garden soil when all danger of frost has passed , pressing them into the soil with the back of a flat shovel . Seeds Divisions " Dragon ' s Blood " is easily established from divisions made from your own clumps of garden plants or from neighbors who share their plants . Divide plants when they are actively growing in spring or summer . Although the plants are low - growing , roots extend a foot into the soil . Dig up a clump , loosening soil from the roots to divide the plants into 1 / 2 - inch portions . Put the divisions into new garden areas or into 3 - inch pots for later planting . Space the small plants a foot Cuttings Like most succulents , " Dragon ' s Blood " roots well from stem cuttings . Take cuttings in early spring to mid - summer . Clip off stems near their base and remove any leaves from the bottom inch of the cutting . Fill a 2 - inch pot with soilless potting mix and put the leafless part of the stem in the mix . You can put two or three cuttings per pot . Water them in , and then let them dry between waterings . Watch for rooting - - if you tug at the stems and Cultivation Locate seedlings or vegetatively propagated plants in full sun if you live where summers are cool , because sunlight is needed to develop good leaf color . In hotter climates , color will still be good with half a day ' s direct sun . Although plants tolerate a number of soil types , they need well - drained soil to prevent root rot , especially during cold wet winters . Plants are drought - tolerant once established . " Dragon ' s Blood " grows well in the open garden , in containers , in rock gardens and along References ( 4 ) Monrovia : Dragon ' s Blood Stonecrop North Carolina State University : Sedum Spurium The Ohio State Nursery Extension : Sedum Spurium Plants For a Future : Sedum Spurium - M . Bieb . About the Author Cathryn Chaney has worked as a gardening writer since 2002 . Her horticultural experience working in the nursery industry informs her garden articles , especially those dealing with arid landscaping and drought - tolerant gardening . Chaney also writes poetry , which has appears in " Woman ' s World " magazine and elsewhere . Chaney graduated from the University of Arizona in 1992 with a Bachelor of Arts in English . Cite this Article
[ "Sedum spurium", "creeping stonecrop", "Cultivation" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-succulent-garden-46737.html
How to Plant a Succulent Garden Succulent gardens , with plants that feature fat leaves and unusual shapes , add interest to ordinary landscapes . Because they look exotic , you might think succulents are difficult to plant and care for . In reality , succulents are some of the easiest plants to grow . They thrive in conditions other plants would consider neglect . The key to a successful succulent garden lies in the right kind of soil and light . Once you master those basic needs , occasional watering is all you need to help your plants thrive . 1 Choose a location for your garden that gets full sun to partial shade . Make sure the location gets bright sun for at least a portion of the day , especially if your garden will include cacti . 2 Prepare the outdoor garden ' s existing soil , removing the grass and weeds and breaking it up with a shovel . If you ' re replacing the soil in your planter , remove it now . 3 Create a fast - draining , succulent - friendly soil by combining equal parts sharp builder ' s sand ; a larger , coarse material , such as gravel or pumice , and either the existing garden soil or potting mix . Pour the materials into your garden space and mix with the shovel . Smooth out the surface , but do n ' t pat down . 4 Plan the placement of your succulents . Place them close together if you want a garden that ' s immediately full . Space them several inches apart if you ' d like to give the plants an opportunity to grow and spread out . Keep in mind it can take a few months to a few years for the plants to fill in the garden completely , but this option saves money on plants . 5 Wait a full week before you water your garden to allow the roots to harden and to recover from transplant damage . Water until the soil is completely moist , usually no more than five minutes , depending on garden size . 6 Water one to two times per month during the spring and summer and once about every other month during fall and winter . Check before watering to make sure the soil has mostly dried out . Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot . 7 Fertilize once in the spring and once in midsummer . Use a half - strength , phosphorus - rich houseplant fertilizer , recommends the University of Minnesota . 8 Weed regularly to prevent unwanted plants from stealing water , nutrients and ground space from your succulents . Things You Will Need Potting soil or existing garden soil Sharp builder ' s sand Perlite , gravel , volcanic rock or pumice Shovel References ( 3 ) University of California Master Gardeners of San Mateo & San Francisco Counties : Planting a Succulent Garden University of California Master Gardeners of San Mateo & San Francisco Counties : Growing Succulents in Containers University of Minnesota Extension : Cacti and Succulents About the Author A Jill - of - all - trades , Lillian Downey is a certified Responsible Sexuality Educator , certified clinical phlebotomist and a certified non - profit administrator . She ' s also written extensively on gardening and cooking . She also authors blogs on nail art blog and women ' s self esteem . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Plant", "Succulent Garden", "fat leaves" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-waterlily-iris-bulbs-water-gardens-22851.html
How to Plant Waterlily & Iris Bulbs for Water Gardens Planting water lilies and iris plants in your water garden will provide an attractive color display all season long . The Fabiola Hardy Water Lily ( Nymphaea Fabiola ) is a beautiful bright pink day bloomer that floats delicately on the water surface . This water lily is an excellent choice for water gardens in U.S. Department of Agricultural growing zones 3 through 11 . While there are many species of iris that like to be near water , water irises such as the Blue Flag Iris ( Iris versicolor ) are true aquatic plants that thrive in water . Planting Bare Root Lily Tubers 1 Place a sheet of newspaper in the bottom of the pot . 2 Fill a pot one - third full with soil . Place a handful of soil on top of the soil in the middle of the pot , in a mound . 3 Set two plant food tablets on the soil , evenly spaced . 4 Lay the lily tuber on its side at a 45 - degree angle , close to the edge of the pot . 5 Spread out the roots on top of the soil . Do not allow any of the roots to be under the tuber . 6 Sprinkle a little soil on top of the rhizome and the roots , just enough to lightly cover the roots . Water the pot thoroughly . 7 Place a 1 - inch layer of pea gravel on top of the soil , avoiding the crown of the lily . Planting Lily Pods 1 Fill a pot two - thirds full of heavy soil . Make a well with your fingers in the center of the dirt for the pod . 2 Remove the pod from its container , keeping as much soil as possible around the pod . Place the pod in the well . 3 Make small holes for several plant food tablets around the pod . Do not let the tablets touch the pod roots . 4 Place a 1 - inch layer of pea gravel on top of the soil , avoiding the crown . Water Placement Take the temperature of the water . Be sure it is at least 55 degrees . Place the water lilies in a location that receives at least three hours of sun daily . Lower the pot into the water in a location where it will have 8 to 12 inches of water covering the pot . If the water is too deep , place some pots upside down to raise the lily up . Lower the pot to depths of 24 inches of water after the plant establishes usually several weeks . Planting Water Iris Bulbs Select a water iris for your growing zone . You will want an iris that will sustain cool winters . Fill the flat and wide pot three - quarters full with aquatic potting soil . Create a shallow trench in the soil , near the center of the pot . Place one iris rhizome in the trench . Spread a thin layer of aquatic soil over the rhizome . You should see the rhizome sticking up from the soil surface . 5 Cover the soil with a thin layer of pea gravel , so that it will not wash away . 6 Lower the pot into the water so that the water covers the edge of the pot . Iris sprouts should be slightly above the water surface . 7 Stack pots upside down in the water if your pond is too deep or does not have a plant shelf . Things You Will Need Newspaper Aquatic soil 2 plant pots , 12 inches wide and 6 inches deep Water plant food tablets Water lily tuber Pea gravel Water iris rhizome Tips Lower plant pots into the water on an angle . Do not use pots with drainage holes . Divide iris plants every four years so that they do not take over . Cut off spent flowers and yellow or brown foliage on your iris plants to maintain a neat appearance and a healthy plant . Warning Iris rhizomes that are planted too deep may not bloom . References ( 2 ) Iowa State University Extension : Reiman Gardens : Water Gardens : Aquatic Plants University of Illinois Extension : Water Gardening Resources ( 2 ) University of Florida Extension : Water Gardens Cornell University Department of Horticulture : Water Gardening About the Author Susan Patterson is a health and gardening advocate . She is a Master Gardener , Certified Metabolic Typing Advisor and a Certified Health Coach with vast experience working with organic gardening and nutrition . Her passions include sustainable living , organic foods and functional fitness . Patterson has been writing and presenting on health and gardening topics for 10 years . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Waterlily", "Iris Bulbs", "Water Gardens" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/prep-floor-vinyl-tiles-50375.html
How to Prep a Floor for Vinyl Tiles Similar to linoleum , a vinyl tile floor resists stains and spills , is a snap to mop and maintain , and is durable enough for busy kitchens and playrooms . The tiles come in squares or rectangles of varying thickness and quality . The peel - and - stick type is the simplest to install but the type that requires adhesive typically lasts longer and adheres better . Before installing either type , prep the floor to ensure that the new vinyl lays smooth and flat . The Existing Floor 1 Remove existing base trim from around the floor with a flat pry bar and a hammer , if necessary . 2 Fill cracks and depressions in concrete floors with a trowel and the type of gap filler recommended by the vinyl tile manufacturer . 3 Spread a thin layer of leveling compound over the seams over plywood underlayment . Typically , you can install vinyl tiles over plywood underlayment as long as the plywood has a smooth surface . If it ’ s rough or textured , however , the vinyl tiles eventually settle into the depressions , which show through on the finished floor . 4 Roll on one or two layers of latex floor primer to fill small pores in plywood underlayment and to provide an optimal contact surface for installing the tiles . Use the product recommended by the tile manufacturer . Before Installing the Tiles 1 Sweep the floor thoroughly to remove all debris . Use the wand of a vacuum to get under cabinets and around the floor perimeter . 2 Create a center guideline by measuring an equal distance from both ends of the longest wall to the center of the floor . Snap a chalk line between the two points . 3 Create a cross guideline by following the same procedure on an adjacent wall . This divides the floor into quadrants , allowing you install the tile from the center of the room outward . 4 Spread a layer of vinyl tile adhesive over a small area with a notched trowel . The caveat here is that you must use the exact trowel and adhesive specified by the tile manufacturer . Read the adhesive directions . Some types require a wait time , while others do not . 5 Start laying the vinyl tiles , whether they are peel - and - stick or glue - down , along the center chalk line and work your way to edges of the room . Things You Will Need Flat bar Hammer Gap filler Trowel Floor - leveling compound Latex floor primer Paint roller and pan Broom Vacuum Tape measure Chalk line Vinyl tile adhesive Notched trowel Tips By starting at the center of the room on a predetermined chalk line , you minimize distortion that can occur when the room is slightly out of square . Generally , it ’ s best to make your center guideline using the longest wall as a reference , but if a shorter wall is seen first when you enter the room , you can use that wall . About the Author Glenda Taylor is a contractor and a full - time writer specializing in construction writing . She also enjoys writing business and finance , food and drink and pet - related articles . Her education includes marketing and a bachelor ' s degree in journalism from the University of Kansas . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Vinyl Tiles", "linoleum", "peel-and-stick" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/propagate-crape-myrtles-cuttings-44247.html
How to Propagate Crape Myrtles by Cuttings Written by S . McMullen ; Updated March 26 , 2018 Prized for their showy fuchsia flowers and small stature , crape myrtles ( Lagerstroemia indica ) are widely grown as landscaping trees in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 7 through 9 . They propagate best from softwood tip cuttings taken in spring through midsummer when the tree is actively growing . Crape myrtle cuttings typically root in about four weeks and may be ready for transplant by late summer or early fall . Treat them with rooting hormone and keep them under very humid , shaded conditions for optimal performance . Things You Will Need Peat Perlite Bucket Pots Isopropyl alcohol Pruning shears Rooting hormone Clear plastic bags Potting soil Prepare the Medium Combine equal measures of milled peat moss and perlite in a bucket . Cover the mix with water and let it soak for one hour or until the peat plumps up . Drain off the water . Fill the Pots Fill 6 - inch - deep pots with the wet peat and perlite mixture . Press the surface to expel excess liquid . Poke a 3 - inch - deep hole in the center of each pot with a pencil . Clean Your Pruners Clean any dirt or plant matter off your pruning shears with a damp paper towel ; then disinfect the tool by wiping down the blades before and after use with a paper towel or clean cloth saturated with isopropyl alcohol . No soaking or rinsing is required . Harvest the Cuttings In early morning when the plant ' s tissues contain the most water , gather 4 - to 6 - inch - long cuttings from the tips of healthy crape myrtle branches . Choose cuttings with a diameter of 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 inch and plenty of leaves along the stem . Avoid taking cuttings with flowers or buds . Prepare the Cuttings Use pruning shears to sever each cutting straight across the stem right below a set of leaves and remove 1 inch of growth from the leafy tip . Pull off and discard all the leaves along the bottom half of each cutting . Tip If you ca n ' t prep the cuttings right away , put them in a clean ziplock bag and store it in the refrigerator till you ' re ready to continue . Apply Rooting Hormone Press the severed tip of each crape myrtle cutting into 0.1 percent indolebutyric acid ( IBA ) rooting hormone powder . Lightly tap the stems to remove any loose powder . Stick the Cuttings Insert the hormone - coated end of each cutting into its prepared planting hole , pressing it in until its lowest remaining set of leaves rests just above the surface . Gently firm the peat against the stem . Move Them Outdoors Place the potted crape myrtle cuttings outdoors in a sheltered , lightly shaded area away from direct sunlight and wind . Cover the top of each pot with a large clear plastic bag to create a humid greenhouse - like environment . Remove the bags at least twice a week to expose the cuttings to fresh air . Water the Cuttings Water the crape myrtle cuttings whenever the top inch of peat feels barely moist . Pour water around the base of the cutting and around the outer edge of the pot to encourage lateral root formation . Mist the Cuttings Mist the cuttings at least once a day to keep the leaves from wilting or drying out . Spray the tops and undersides of the leaves with a misting bottle until they begin to drip . Check for Roots Check for roots in about a month by gently tugging on the base of each cutting . If you feel resistance , the cutting has developed roots . Remove the Plastic Remove the plastic bag after the cuttings root and decrease watering to prevent damage to the new roots ; add water only when the top 2 inches of peat feels mostly dry . Transplant and Grow Transplant the crape myrtles into 6 - inch - deep pots filled with potting soil two weeks after they root . Grow them in light shade with 1 inch of water weekly until they put on significant growth . Acclimate and Plant Gradually acclimate the crape myrtles to full sun for one week before planting them in a sunny bed with well - drained , loamy , mildly acidic soil . Space multiple crape myrtles 15 to 20 feet apart . Tip Your crape myrtles probably do n ' t need fertilizer unless the soil in your garden is very poor . Especially during dry weather , water the roots of your plants liberally , but do n ' t wet the leaves . If you live in a colder climate , such as USDA zone 6 or 5 , plant your crape myrtles in a sheltered area and mulch them with a 6 - to 8 - inch layer of organic material , such as shredded bark , after the first hard freeze in fall to protect the roots during cold winter weather . Your plants may die back in harsh winter conditions , but should resprout from the roots in spring if temps fall no lower than - 5 F . About the Author Samantha McMullen began writing professionally in 2001 . Her nearly 20 years of experience in horticulture informs her work , which has appeared in publications such as Mother Earth News . Cite this Article
[ "Crape Myrtles", "Cuttings" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/proper-height-bed-101546.html
Proper Height for a Bed Related Articles 1 The Standard Height of a Bed and Mattress From the Floor 2 Does Mattress Height Really Make a Difference When Buying a Bed ? 3 What Is the Height of the Mattress in a Sleigh Bed ? 4 Decorating Ideas for a Small Bedroom With a Queen Size Bed At first thought , the height of your bed may not appear to even matter , but it makes a difference in the aesthetics and function of your room . A bed sized correctly for the room may appear as if it fits the space in width , but you also have to consider its height . The proper height for your bed takes into account room size , storage needs , your age - - and maybe even chi , the natural flow of energy . Tall Room , Tall Bed Standard bed height is 22 to 25 inches . In a bedroom with high ceilings , a bed that measures 25 inches or a bit higher - - from the floor to the mattress top - - can appear more in tune with the space . But if you ' ve reached an age where you do n ' t want to have to turn and slide out of bed , or jump up to get in , choose a bed on which you can sit on the edge with your feet touching the floor . Use an extra - Yes or No to Low An older or infirm person may have as much difficulty getting into or out of a low bed as a high one . And it ' s a suitable option for the home with low ceilings . Platform beds usually measure 18 inches high , and their low profile suits minimalist and modern spaces . With a low bed , use smaller scale , low - profile furniture that speaks the same design language . When storage is an issue , however , low beds mean little under - bed storage . Chi for Yourself As long as your bed is the proper height for you and the space , it should n ' t affect the natural flow of energy . In her article , " Good Bedrooms for Healthy Life , " Anita Zou , a consultant of the Singapore Feng Shui Centre , suggests that practical comfort or ergonomics is more important than bed height . As long as you follow other feng shui design practices , such as avoiding large mirrors in the space , and keeping a TV no closer to the bed than necessary , good energy can emanate Mattress Height Matters Take note of mattress height when it ' s time for a new one . Some mattresses , such as pillow - top designs , can be 10 inches thicker than a standard mattress . Mattress thickness - - and even mattress toppers , such as feather and memory - foam styles - - can greatly affect your bed ' s height . If you ' ve found a have - to - have thick mattress or topper , it may be time to rethink your bed ' s style . References ( 3 ) Cozytown Linens : How to Determine the Proper Bed and Mattress Height FengShui . com : Auspicious House : Good Bedroom for Healthy Life Everyday Ergonomics . org : A Senior Friendly Bedroom Resources ( 2 ) Houzz : Tall Bed Home Design Photos Houzz : Platform Bed Home Design Photos About the Author Lorna Hordos is a home - flipping business owner and freelance writer . She writes friendly , conversational business , home and lifestyle articles for Bizfluent , azcentral , Daltile , Marazzi , Lowes , Philips Lighting , WordPress . com and numerous other publications . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Bed", "Height" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/protect-orchids-sun-62816.html
How to Protect Orchids From the Sun Since many orchids originally grew on trees in rain forests , they are accustomed to having a canopy between them and the sun . Most do n ' t mind early morning or late afternoon rays , but ca n ' t take the glare of midday . Sunburn can cause either pale or dark blotches on an orchid ' s leaves that will usually last for as long as those leaves do . You can protect indoor orchids by placing them in windows where they only receive sun for part of the day . Outdoors , they will require Protecting Orchids Indoors 1 Determine the intensity of light that your windowsills receive during their brightest hours , using a light meter that measures foot - candles . Place light - loving orchids , such as Cattleya and Dendrobium , that require 3,000 or more foot - candles , on your sunniest south - facing windowsill . Hang a sheer net curtain between them and the glass to diffuse the direct sunlight . 2 Set orchids like Oncidium and Miltonia , that require medium light of 2,000 to 3,000 foot - candles , on an unshaded west - facing windowsill or 1 foot from a net - curtained south - facing window . 3 Place orchids such as Phalaenopsis and Paphilopedilum , which do well under conditions of less than 2,000 foot - candles , on an unshaded east - facing windowsill where they will receive only morning sun . Hold your hand above them at the time of day they receive the most light , to make sure you can see at least a slight shadow . If there is no trace of shadow , move them to a brighter position , such as 2 feet from a south - facing window or 1 foot from a west - facing one . Protecting Orchids Outdoors 1 Place your orchids on plant stands or tables on a covered porch to control the amount of light they receive . Set the orchids that prefer dim conditions towards the back of the porch and the light lovers nearer the front . 2 Position outdoor plant stands under the high shade of a tree or construct a shelter using lattice panels . Avoid setting the pots on the ground , as they are more likely to attract slugs and other insect pests there . 3 Choose a spot on the south side of a rough - barked tree , to grow one of the more hardy epiphytic orchids outdoors . Attach the plant high enough in the tree so that it will be in shade during the hottest part of the day , but low enough that it will still get plenty of light . Wrap the orchid ' s roots in sphagnum moss and tie it to the tree with nylon line , removing the line once the roots have taken hold of the bark . Things You Will Need Light meter Net curtain Plant stands Lattice panels Sphagnum moss Nylon fishing line Tip You can also protect orchids from sun by growing them under fluorescent bulbs for 14 hours per day . Place two shop lights side by side and position the light - lovers 8 inches under the centers of the bulbs . Set the orchids preferring dim conditions nearer to the ends of the fixtures . References ( 6 ) Orchid Expert ; D . G . Hessayon University of Tennessee Extensions : Growing Orchids in the Home Ortho ' s All About Orchids ; Elvin McDonald New York Botanical Garden : Orchid Cultural Requirements Gardener ' s Guide to Growing Orchids , Issue 178 ; Charles Marden Fitch 100 Orchids for Florida ; Jack Kramer About the Author A former master gardener with a Bachelor of Arts in writing from Houghton College , Audrey Stallsmith has had three gardening - related mysteries published by WaterBrook Press , a division of Random House . Her articles or photos have also appeared in such publications as Birds & Blooms , Horticulture and Backwoods Home . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Orchids" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/prune-espalier-apple-tree-fruiting-spurs-60095.html
How to Prune & Espalier an Apple Tree to Get Fruiting Spurs Espalier is a method of growing fruit trees against a wall or fence so that the tree produces the same amount of fruit as it normally would without taking up as much space . The practice is used for this practical purpose as well as for decoration . The simplest type of espalier frame is the horizontal cordon , which consists of vertical upright posts that support horizontal wires . When espaliering apple trees , dwarf varieties work best . The “ Macintosh ” cultivar and its many derivatives are an excellent choice for espalier because these trees naturally grow 1 Choose an espalier location against a south - , west - or east - facing wall or fence that receives six to eight hours of sunlight a day . 2 Build or purchase the support system you will use for your tree and mount it to the wall , leaving at least 6 inches of space between wall and plant to avoid damage . You can also mount wires directly to stone walls , fences , or other structures not likely to be damaged by the growing tree . 3 Plant a bare root whip apple tree in the middle of the espalier trellis during the winter dormant season . The tree should be located directly in front of a vertical espalier frame support . When planting more than one tree , space them 6 to 8 feet apart . Cut the whip back so that it is 1 foot tall immediately after planting . 4 Examine the young tree ’ s spring growth and choose three buds to keep , pruning the others away . Secure one bud to the vertical upright support . Tie the other two buds to the bottom horizontal wire of the horizontal cordon frame , one on the left side of the upright and the other on the right . If the branches are not flexible enough to make this 90 - degree bend , attach the buds to the frame at 45 - degree angles . In the fall or winter when the tree is dormant , untie them 5 Prune the vertical limb back to 18 inches during the first winter to encourage more spring growth and shorten the horizontal limbs by one - third . Again , select three buds in the spring to keep and attach them to the espalier upright and wires . Continue to do this every year until the tree has reached the desired number of horizontal branches to complete your intended espalier design height . During this pruning , trim any vertical shoots developing on the horizontal branches back to 5 inches in height . These shoots will become fruiting spurs as the 6 Perform annual winter pruning to remove dead and damaged wood and keep the tree in shape . Summer pruning will also be necessary to keep the tree from outgrowing the espalier shape , but never prune the tree in the late summer and fall when it is getting ready for dormancy . 7 Check the places where the tree is attached to the espalier wire twice a year . Remove the old wire or string and replace it if the branch is becoming too wide for the old tie . Things You Will Need Espalier frame or building supplies Shovel Wire or cloth ties Pruning shears Tips The horizontal cordon espalier is the easiest for beginners but you can make your espalier as fancy and complicated as you want once you become adept at training the tree . Make sure your espalier frame is sturdy enough to support the mature tree when it is heavy with fruit . Prune out any fruit that develops prior to the tree ’ s maturity because these fruits will not be very tasty and will take energy away from the young tree . References ( 4 ) National Gardening Association : How To : Espalier an Apple Tree Royal Horticultural Society : Espalier Training Trees North Carolina State University : Espalier Woodbridge Fruit Trees : Common Questions Resources ( 1 ) Vintage Garden Gal : The Art of Espalier Fruit Trees About the Author Writing professionally since 2008 , Michelle Miley specializes in home and garden topics but frequently pens career , style and marketing pieces . Her essays have been used on college entrance exams and she has more than 4,000 publishing credits . She holds an Associate of Applied Science in accounting , having graduated summa cum laude . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Fruiting Spurs", "Espalier", "Macintosh" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/prune-fiveleaved-akebia-39887.html
How to Prune Five - Leaved Akebia Related Articles 1 Care for Chocolate Vine 2 Plants for a Trellis That Are Nonpoisonous to Humans & Pets 3 Grow Ivy on Walls 4 How Long to Grow Trumpet Vine Hummingbird Plants ? Five - leaf akebia ( Akebia quinata ) , also known as chocolate vine , is a fast - growing , climbing perennial that grows well in shady areas . It ' s ideal for planting over trellises , on a drain spout or with a wire support , growing well in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9 . Chocolate vine exudes a chocolate scent - - a wonderful garden accent . However , it is also a rampant grower , prone to invading the garden when not maintained properly . Prune annually after its flowers 1 Don garden gloves to protect your hands . Chocolate vine does not have thorns , but pulling and twisting the shoots requires a strong grip . 2 Remove suckers and climbing shoots from walls and cracks by hand . Either wrap them around the vine support or remove them by cutting them with clippers where they attach to the main vine . 3 Cut back shoots growing in the wrong direction with clippers , removing them entirely where they attach to the primary vine . 4 Prune back shoots at the base with clippers to encourage new shoots , providing a fuller appearance near the roots as the vine matures . 5 Clip too - tall shoots at their base or shearing them back aggressively to a few feet below the height you need for the trellis or support . Chocolate vine grows vigorously , growing up to 25 feet when it ' s watered weekly , so aggressive pruning wo n ' t diminish its summer and fall growth . Things You Will Need Clippers Garden gloves Garden shears Tips Chocolate vine can kill of small trees or shrubs if left untended as its vines can overpower the smaller plants . Watch throughout the season to gauge the result of the pruning process . When the vine grows too large or becomes too dominant , prune it back more aggressively next season after its bloom . References ( 4 ) Monrovia : Fiveleaf Akebia Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System : Chocolate Vine USDA Forest Service : Weed of the Week - Chocolate Vine Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service : Annual and Perennial Vines About the Author Carolyn Williams began writing and editing professionally over 20 years ago . Her work appears on various websites . An avid traveler , swimmer and golf enthusiast , Williams has a Bachelor of Arts in English from Mills College and a Master of Business Administration from St . Mary ' s College of California . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Five-leaf akebia", "Agriculture plant", "chocolate vine" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/prune-upright-junipers-40351.html
How to Prune Upright Junipers Though many narrowleaf junipers tend to spread into large shrubs as they grow , upright junipers have a pyramidal structure , and you can keep them upright with regular pruning . Planting several in a row can make an attractive screen or a stately alternative to a stubby hedge . Though these evergreen trees rarely need pruning , careful trims give them a shapely elegance to grace your garden . 1 Shear junipers along their sides once a year in late spring or early summer to maintain their shape . At this time , you should see junipers ' new growth and avoid snipping off too much . Pruning them in warm weather also ensures that they heal before winter chill hits , as frost - - no matter how infrequent - - can kill off the new growths that pruning tends to spark . 2 Remove dead or diseased branches first . Wait until dry weather to remove diseased limbs , as wet weather can encourage diseased spores to transfer more readily from pruning tools to other parts of a tree . You also can remove crowded branches first , though be careful not to prune away too much , as conifers tend to retain bald spots more often than deciduous trees do . 3 Cut the top branches shorter than the lower branches , maintaing upright junipers ' natural pyramid shape . This ensures that all of the branches receive ample sunlight , so that lower branches do n ' t experience dieback from lack of light . Things You Will Need Pruning shears Tip You can safely perform a light trim at any time of year . Only save extensive pruning for spring or summer . Warning Never top junipers . This leaves their crowns exposed to damage , disease and decay . References ( 4 ) University of California Cooperative Extension : Pruning Trees ; Donald R . Hodel , et al . Monrovia : Armstrong Juniper Fine Gardening : How to Prune Conifers ; Bert Cregg Missouri Botanical Garden : How Do I Prune My Evergreens ? Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Upright Junipers", "Prune" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/put-between-pavers-make-stable-56103.html
What Do You Put Between Pavers to Make Them Stable ? Related Articles 1 The Best Paver Sand 2 Fill in Pavers 3 Can Cement Be Mixed With Sand When Filling Spaces Between Pavers ? 4 The Best Products to Lock Pavers Together Pavers are a beautiful addition to outdoor living spaces . Ensuring they stay in place without shifting starts with laying the proper substrate , and ends with locking the joints together . Sand is the crucial element for both tasks . While sand seems light and difficult to manage , it binds the pavers in place and keeps them from coming loose . Base Create a strong base for pavers with a layer of porous material , such as gravel or crushed rock , which will also help with drainage . Choose a sharp - edged sand that has varying grain sizes rather than sand with more rounded grains . Add a few inches of sand on top of the gravel and pack it down with a compacting machine . You can repeat with another sand layer that ’ s also compacted in place . Compacting machines only compress a couple of inches of material at a time , so do this in two Sand Bedding The sand should be firm and feel much more solid once you ’ ve tamped it in place , but avoid walking on it even as you lay pavers in place . You ’ ll reduce the chances of adding depressions that make laying pavers more difficult . Add another inch of sand , which will accept the pavers . This layer need not be tamped as it it will act as a soft cushion in which you ’ ll embed the pavers . The bedding layer also helps keep joint sand from washing away by providing support underneath the Sand the Joints Once all the pavers are set in place , spread more sand over the top of them . Sweep the sand between the joints with a push broom . Use the same type of irregular , sharp - grained sand as you did for the base and bedding layers . Irregular grain sizes with sharp edges bind together better and compacts more neatly than smooth , homogenous sand particles . Sand between the pavers creates friction that locks everything together . Compacting You will likely need to repeat a sanding into the joints between pavers several times before the joints are filled . Aid the process by running the compacting machine over the paver surface after each sweeping each sand application . The compacting machine will neither mar the pavers , nor disturb them from the sand bed . Instead , the machine helps settle the sand deep between the joints . References ( 4 ) This Old House : How to Install Pavers Permagreen - Landscaping : Learn About Installing - Pavers Dreamscapes : How to Lay Pavers Paver Search : Basic Information About the Installation of Pavers About the Author Robert Korpella has been writing professionally since 2000 . He is a certified Master Naturalist , regularly monitors stream water quality and is the editor of freshare . net , a site exploring the Ozarks outdoors . Korpella ' s work has appeared in a variety of publications . He holds a bachelor ' s degree from the University of Arkansas . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Pavers", "Sand Bedding" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/put-bottom-large-planter-37465.html
What to Put in the Bottom of a Large Planter Written by Lillian Downey ; Updated December 17 , 2018 Large planters can take bag after bag of soil . Not only is all that soil expensive , but it ' s heavy . Your planter can become difficult to move when filled with that much potting medium . The weight of the soil can compress and compact the soil , affecting drainage and root growth . To solve these problems , try different materials to fill the bottom of your pots . Preparing Your Pot Before you add anything to your pot , you need to make sure it has at least one hole in the bottom to allow for adequate drainage . Even if you ' re adding materials to the bottom of your pot to help improve drainage , it ' s still a good idea to have a place for excess water to go . If it drains out of your soil and into a layer of gravel or other material , that water can quickly become stagnant and foster root - killing bacteria and mold growth . Light Materials If you have an especially big planter to fill , light , bulky materials are your best bet . Examples include plastic drink containers , milk jugs , crushed soda cans , foam packing materials and plastic or foam take - out containers . Wash the items well to make sure no food residue remains and fill the bottom one - fourth to one - third of the container with the filler . You can use a combination of items to get the best fit . Just make sure the items wo n ' t rot . You can also Other Options If you do n ' t mind a heavier pot , you can use gravel , river rocks or broken pieces of pottery as filler in your planters . Lighter natural options include sphagnum moss , coconut fiber and sharp , gritty sand . If you use moss or sand , they can compact and become part of your soil , so they may not be appropriate for some types of plants and planters but may work in a pinch if you already have them on hand . Hydroponic sections of gardening stores sell clay balls and other soil - Tips for Using Filler Because your filler should take up at least one - fourth to one - third of your pot , you need to make sure it ' s healthy for your pants and able to stand the test of time . Use materials that are inert , and that wo n ' t react with soil , recommends The University of Illinois . Avoid materials that break down easily , such as newspaper , cardboard and paper cups . They ' ll make your soil settle and sink over time and they can introduce bacteria and mold into your soil as References ( 2 ) University of Illinois Extension : Role of Container Planting : Thriller , Filler , Spiller University of Illinois Extension : Using Soil and Soil Mixes About the Author A Jill - of - all - trades , Lillian Downey is a certified Responsible Sexuality Educator , certified clinical phlebotomist and a certified non - profit administrator . She ' s also written extensively on gardening and cooking . She also authors blogs on nail art blog and women ' s self esteem . Cite this Article
[ "Landscaping services", "Light Materials", "Lillian Downey" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/put-peat-moss-compost-pile-67734.html
How to Put Peat Moss in a Compost Pile Related Articles 1 Peat Moss in a Vegetable Garden 2 Uses for Peat Moss 3 Peat Moss for Worms 4 What Is the Difference Between Peat Moss & Potting Soil ? Sphagnum peat moss , a common ingredient in potting soil , also works well as a carbon source in a compost pile . You can put peat moss in a new compost pile or add it to an existing pile . Compost piles require a carbon - to - nitrogen ratio of around 30 parts carbon for one part nitrogen . Nitrogen materials include green clippings , as well as fruit and vegetable scraps , while carbon materials include woody and brown materials , including peat moss . A surplus of peat moss in your shed comes in handy for 1 Spread an 8 - inch layer of peat moss as the carbon base layer when starting a new compost pile . Spread a few inches of garden soil or finished compost over the peat moss . Add kitchen scraps and green yard clippings over the soil layer . 2 Mix peat moss with dead leaves , wood chips , shredded newspaper and other brown , carbon - rich materials if you do n ' t have enough carbon materials to fulfill the carbon - to - nitrogen ratio needed to balance the compost pile . Blend all ingredients thoroughly using a garden fork or shovel after adding the carbon mix to the compost pile . 3 Spread a few inches of sphagnum peat across the compost pile when the old base layer decomposes . Turn the peat moss into the other ingredients , using a garden fork or shovel . 4 Blend peat moss into the pile to absorb odors if the pile begins to smell ; a smelly compost pile usually means there is too much nitrogen in the mix . In addition , always add a couple inches of peat moss after you turn the compost pile to absorb odors . Things You Will Need Garden fork or shovel Tips Peat moss does n ' t contribute as much nutritionally as other compost ingredients , but it helps build good structure , which is important when using compost as a soil amendment to improve poor soil . Peat moss lowers garden soil pH , so a compost that uses sphagnum peat heavily might be best for plants that love acidic soil . References ( 6 ) Clemson Cooperative Extension : Worm Composting University of Missouri Extension : How to Build a Compost Bin Cornell Composting Science & Engineering : Compost Chemistry University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension : Composting With Worms North Dakota State University Extension : What , Why and How - - All About Compost Michigan State University Extension : Composting About the Author A former cake decorator and competitive horticulturist , Amelia Allonsy is most at home in the kitchen or with her hands in the dirt . She received her Bachelor ' s degree from West Virginia University . Her work has been published in the San Francisco Chronicle and on other websites . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Compost Pile", "Peat Moss" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/qualify-conventional-mortgage-9236.html
How Do I Qualify for a Conventional Mortgage ? Written by Karina C . Hernandez ; Reviewed by Jann Seal , Licensed Real Estate Sales Associate . Former California Real Estate Sales Associate . ; Updated December 04 , 2018 Whether you ' re actively looking for a home or just testing the mortgage waters , qualifying for a mortgage requires the same amount of work . Shopping for a lender , presenting your credit and financial information , and coming up with the funds to close are all essential elements to qualifying for a conventional mortgage . Unlike government - backed mortgages , conventional loans can have higher down payment and credit requirements . Most conventional mortgages adhere to guidelines set by Fannie Mae , the Federal National Mortgage Association . Tip One of the benefits of a conventional mortgage is that private mortgage insurance ends when your equity reaches 78 percent , while with an FHA mortgage the PMI is for the life of the loan . Consider Your Credit Score A credit score of 620 or more can generally gain acceptance for conventional financing . The lender pulls a tri - merged credit report , which reflects a unique score from each of the three credit bureaus : Experian ® , Equifax ® and TransUnion ® . The lender uses the middle score – neither the highest nor lowest – to qualify you for a conventional mortgage . If applying with a co - borrower , the lender uses the lowest of the borrowers ' middle scores for qualifying purposes . Credit scores below 620 typically require work , such Qualifying Ratios Reviewed Debt - to - income ratios help conventional lenders determine whether a new mortgage payment is feasible for your financial situation . The first DTI ratio compares your monthly debt payments , such as credit card minimums and auto loans , against your gross monthly income . The second DTI also includes the proposed new monthly mortgage expense . Should this ratio exceed 50 percent , you will not qualify for a conventional mortgage . Under certain circumstances , your ratio may be capped at 45 percent , meaning you ca n ' t afford as high of a monthly Earnings Evaluated Whether you earn your income through employment , as an independent contractor or you make money off of investments , the lender needs to verify it to qualify you for a conventional mortgage . Typical proofs of income include : pay stubs , W - 2s , income tax returns , investment statements , rents received , court decrees and government statements for pensions and disability payments . Your lender needs to determine whether the income is continuous and likely to continue for at least the next few years . For this reason , lenders also request a statement from Reserve Requirements At minimum , you need enough cash reserves to cover your down payment and your closing costs . At the time of publication , the median home price in San Francisco was well above $ 1 million . Additionally , the average down payment for the Bay Area was relatively high compared to the rest of the country , at nearly $ 200,000 . Although you can technically qualify for a conventional mortgage with as little as 3 percent or 5 percent down with some of Fannie Mae ' s low down - payment programs , buying a higher priced References ( 7 ) Fannie Mae : B3 - 5.1 - 01 : General Requirements for Credit Scores ( 12 / 19 / 2017 ) Fannie Mae : B3 - 6 - 02 : Debt - to - Income Ratios ( 07 / 25 / 2017 ) Fannie Mae : B3 - 3.5 - 01 : Income and Employment Documentation for DU ( 10 / 24 / 2016 ) Know Your Options by Fannie Mae : Low Down Payment Mortgage Options & Assistance Bloomberg : San Francisco ' s Median House Price Hits a New High : $ 1.6 Million Mercury News : A Silicon Valley Down Payment Could Buy You An Entire House in Much of the U.S . The Lenders Network : Comparing FHA vs . Conventional Loans - Which is Right for You ? Resources ( 1 ) Mortgage X : Loan Application Checklist About the Author Karina C . Hernandez is a real estate agent in San Diego since 2004 . She has also worked as a mortgage originator and real estate transaction coordinator . She has a B.A. in English from UCLA . Karina has written thousands of articles over the past 10 years for a variety of online channels , including eHow , sfGate , the nest , Quicken , TurboTax , RE / Max , Zacks and Opposing Views . Cite this Article
[ "Conventional Mortgage", "credit and financial information", "Credit Score" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/refinance-home-late-payments-100052.html
Who Will Refinance My Home If I Have Late Payments ? Written by Karina C . Hernandez ; Updated November 27 , 2018 When evaluating a refinance application , a mortgage lender ensures that your present loan is current , with no late payments for at least the last 12 - month period . Conventional lenders , as well as lenders who make government - backed loans such as Federal Housing Administration ( FHA ) and Veterans Affairs ( VA ) loans , may approve you after you have made payments for a sufficient period of time and meet credit score , equity and income requirements . Standard Refinance Rules Lenders review your credit report and verify the existing loan ' s payment status with your lender . In a refinance , you obtain a new mortgage that pays off your present mortgage . You may refinance with your current lender or with a different lender . Generally , lenders hold all refinance applicants to the same credit standards , even when they ' re current customers . Any missed payments or payments received 30 days or more after the due date disqualify you from a refinance because they indicate financial trouble or mismanagement of your mortgage payments . Late Payment Definition You might miss a mortgage payment due date without receiving a late payment report on your credit record or without it affecting your eligibility for a refinance . For example , most lenders report to the credit reporting agencies when your payment is 30 days late or more . If your payment due date is the first day of each month , the lender will report you if it does n ' t receive payment by the first day of the following month . You can make a payment before the lender ' s grace period expires – usually about Limited Options Most refinance loans offered through Fannie Mae , Freddie Mac , the FHA and VA deny refinance applications when an applicant has been 30 days or more late with a payment within the last year . An on - time mortgage payment history is a priority for borrowers seeking to refinance in the near future . Certain private lenders with mortgage financing guidelines of their own might approve a refinance despite a recent 30 - day late payment if your credit score is high , your income and assets are strong , and you have a legitimate excuse for the Refinance Types and Equity In addition to meeting the requirement of 12 on - time payments in the last year , you must meet minimum credit score requirements and have sufficient equity in your property as well . A recent missed payment can drop your score by 100 points , meaning you may need at least one year to repair your score for a refinance . A cash - out refinance in which you tap into your home ' s equity and increase your home loan indebtedness typically has the most stringent equity requirements – about 25 to 30 percent . A no - References ( 4 ) Bankrate : Refinance After Bankruptcy and Late Payments ? MySA : Real Estate Matters - - Real Estate Options Hampered by Late Mortgage Payment Zillow : Have an FHA Loan ? It Might Make Sense to Refinance in 2012 MSN : How Late Payments Ding Your Credit Score About the Author K.C. Hernandez has covered real estate topics since 2009 . She is a licensed real estate salesperson in San Diego since 2004 . Her articles have appeared in community newspapers but her work is mostly online . Hernandez has a Bachelor of Arts in English from UCLA and works as the real estate expert for Demand Media Studios . Cite this Article
[ "Refinance My Home", "Late Payments", "Federal Housing Administration" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/refinish-dining-room-tables-26326.html
How to Refinish Dining Room Tables Refinishing an old dining room table can restore it to the life and beauty it had when it left the showroom floor . The surface of a wooden dining room table is covered with a protective , high - gloss finish that enhances the beauty of the wood . The finish must be removed from the surface so the wood is not damaged . 1 Sand the surface of the table , edges and legs to remove the finish and the stain from the wood . Sand with the grain of the wood . Begin with the 100 - grit sandpaper . Sand the entire table . Repeat the process with 150 - and 220 - grit sandpaper . Avoid sanding in a circular or across grain motion . 2 Wipe the table down with a tack cloth to remove the sanding dust . 3 Brush stain onto the sanded surface . Follow the grain of the wood . Allow the stain to sit on the wood from three to 10 minutes ; the stain becomes darker the longer it sits on the surface of the wood . Wipe off the excess stain with a rag . 4 Allow the stained surface to dry completely . This will take from two to 12 hours depending on the humidity and temperature of the area . 5 Sand the surface lightly with 220 - grit sandpaper to remove areas of grain swelled by staining . Sanding the surface only to make enough to make it smooth and not to remove the stain . Wipe the surface down with a tack cloth to remove the sanding dust . 6 Brush on a second coat of stain . Allow it to sit on the wood from three to 10 minutes . Remove the excess stain with a rag . Allow the stain to dry , then sand . Repeat this process one more time to achieve a deep rich color . 7 Apply a layer of polyurethane to the dining room table surface . Allow the polyurethane to dry for an hour . Repeat this process for a total of four coats . Allow the final coat of polyurethane to dry 24 hours before use . Things You Will Need 100 - , 150 - and 220 - grit sandpaper Sanding block Tack cloth Stain Rag Paintbrushes Polyurethane Tip Optional sanding methods include using an orbital sander or belt sander . Make sure to move the electric tool in the same direction as the grain of the wood . Sanding across the wood grain causes the wood grain to appear scratched and create unwanted lines in the stain . About the Author Kim Blakesley is a home remodeling business owner , former art / business teacher and school principal . She began her writing and photography career in 2008 . Blakesley ' s education , fine arts , remodeling , green living , and arts and crafts articles have appeared on numerous websites , including DeWalt Tools , as well as in " Farm Journal " and " Pro Farmer . " Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "dining room table", "sandpaper" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/refinish-pine-furniture-stained-28726.html
How to Refinish Pine Furniture That Has Been Stained Rather than throwing out old pine furniture that no longer matches your décor , you can refinish it . A softwood , pine takes stain well . The refinishing process requires special care especially when sanding , as any rough spots or marks left on the piece will show through on the new finish . 1 Remove drawers and pulls , unscrew legs and apart drawers or other removable elements . Lift off glass tabletops or mask off portions of the furniture you do not want stained . 2 Wear long pants and a long - sleeved shirt to cover your exposed skin . Put on protective gloves and eyewear . Open the windows and doors in the room to allow maximum ventilation . If limited ventilation is available , place a fan at the window or door to draw fumes out of the room . 3 Scrub the furniture with a No . 2 steel wool dipped in stripper . If there is still stain deep down in the woodgrain , scrub it with a soft , brass - bristled brush dipped in stripper . 4 Wipe the furniture down with mineral spirits or water , as indicated by the stripper ’ s instructions , to remove the stripper . Leave the furniture to dry for 24 hours . 5 Sand the furniture lightly with 120 - grit sandpaper . You only need to remove any remnants of the stain and to level out any rough patches of wood . If the furniture is solid and not covered in veneer , follow up with 220 - grit sandpaper and lightly sand the entire surface . For veneer - covered surfaces , sand lightly with 180 - grit sandpaper . Sand with the grain , not against it , or the wood may splinter . 6 Brush on sanding sealer , sometimes referred to as wood conditioner , with a stiff - bristled paintbrush . After allowing it to dry , scrape away the excess filler . Hold the scraper at a slight angle to the wood surface while scraping and be careful not to gouge the wood . 7 Sand again lightly with 220 - grit sandpaper . This opens the pores in the wood while the sanding sealer prevents uneven staining . Wipe the furniture down with a clean rag to remove the sanding dust . 8 Brush on the first coat of stain or paint , applying it evenly and brushing with the grain . For stain , leave it sitting on the surface , typically for around 15 minutes , and then wipe the excess away with a clean rag . Leave the furniture piece to dry at least four hours . The stain or paint can directs you on how long to cure . Once cured , apply a second coat of paint or stain and allow the piece to dry for 24 hours . 9 Seal the surface with a clear , polyurethane sealer . Leave the sealer to dry for four hours and apply a second coat . Wait 24 hours for the sealer to harden . Reassemble the pieces of the furniture and remove any masking tape . Things You Will Need Screwdriver Long pants Long - sleeved shirt Eye goggles Rubber gloves Fan Stripper Paintbrushes Scraper Metal trashcan No . 2 steel wool Soft , brass - bristle brush Mineral spirits Sandpaper Sanding sealer Stiff - bristle paintbrush Rags Clear polyurethane References ( 3 ) Capstone Painting : How to Refinish a Pine Dresser Furniture Knowledge : How to Refinish Furniture Utah State University Cooperative Extension : Sanding About the Author Based in southern Virginia , Kristy Robinson has been writing for various websites since 2008 . Her work focuses on tutorials and self - help articles . Robinson holds a Bachelor of Science in criminal justice from American InterContinental University . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Pine Furniture", "Refinish" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/reglue-vinyl-tile-24711.html
How to Reglue Vinyl Tile Installing vinyl tile is a quick and easy remodeling shortcut , especially the peel - and - stick variety . Some types are more durable than others , though , and lower quality tiles can develop problems such as shrinking , shifting or loss of adhesion . Moisture and other issues below the surface of the tiles can also cause them to come loose , even with high - grade products . While the solution to that sort of serious adhesion problem is usually a whole new floor , if a few tiles have merely come unstuck it ' s 1 Examine the floor and all loose tiles to be sure they are clean , dry and in good condition . Replace any cracked or damaged tiles if possible . Place warped tiles in the sun to flatten out or heat them carefully with a hair drier or a heat gun on low setting . 2 Spread a thin layer of tile adhesive on the floor with a notched trowel . Wipe any adhesive off of the tiles adjacent to the repair area with a damp sponge while the adhesive is still wet . Follow the manufacturers instructions concerning the open or working time of the adhesive . 3 Lay each tile by placing one edge carefully into position first , then slowly lowering it onto the adhesive . Make minor adjustments if necessary , then press on the tile with your hands . Use a J - roller on the entire repair area or place a heavy weight on each tile to ensure proper adhesive contact with the tile . 4 Allow the adhesive to cure for the recommended time before walking on the newly installed tile or moving anything heavy across it such as furniture or appliances . Things You Will Need Replacement tiles ( optional ) Hair drier or heat gun ( optional ) Notched trowel Vinyl tile adhesive Sponge J - roller or heavy weights Tips Choose the proper adhesive for your type of tile . Follow the manufacturer ' s instructions concerning trowel notch size and whether the tile should be installed immediately after the adhesive is applied or after it is dry to the touch . Many newer style adhesives feature soap and water cleanup while the product is fresh . Dried adhesive is best removed carefully with a soft cloth dipped in mineral spirits or adhesive remover , but test an inconspicuous area first to be sure it wo n ' t damage the tile . Rent a floor roller if you have a large area of tile to install . Warning Although most modern adhesives feature low volatile organic compound ( VOC ) formulas , adequate ventilation is advised . References ( 1 ) Hometime : Laying Vinyl Tile Resources ( 1 ) This Old House : How to Lay a Vinyl Tile Floor About the Author Steve Hamilton has been writing professionally since 1983 . His credits include novels under the Dell imprint and for Harlequin Worldwide . A remodeling and repair specialist with over 20 years experience , he is also a Certified Pool Operator and holds an EPA Universal refrigerant certification . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Reglue Vinyl Tile", "remodeling shortcut" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/remove-ice-maker-kenmore-106-79079.html
How to Remove an Ice Maker From a Kenmore 106 While the ice maker is a relatively simple component in the Kenmore freezer , and will work for many years without trouble , it can still require repair or replacement from time to time as parts wear out or break . Removing an ice maker unit from the Kenmore 106 is a relatively easy task that most do - it - yourselfers can complete in about 15 minutes or so to complete the job . 1 Turn off the water supply valve at the water pipe where the line is connected . Simply turn the valve handle clockwise to close it . Open the cover on the ice maker in the freezer to see if there is any water in it . 2 Tape the flipper on the left side of the freezer back so that it is out of the way using masking tape . Tape back the light switch at the top of the freezer so that it is out of the way also . 3 Remove the hexagon screws securing the cover to the ceiling of the freezer using a ¼ - inch wrench . Pull the cover forward and away from the freezer ceiling . 4 Remove the screws from the bottom of the ice maker using a ¼ - inch nut driver . You will then be able to remove the wiring harness cover from the same area by lifting it up and pulling it out from behind the ice maker unit . 5 Depress the locking tab under the ice maker on the left side at the bottom and then slide the ice maker unit out of the freezer . 6 Depress the clip on the wire harness connection using a flat - tipped screwdriver once you have the ice maker unit out of the freezer and pull the plug out of the ice maker . The plug may be tight , so you might have to wiggle it a bit to free it from the ice maker . 7 Remove the plastic base from the ice maker unit by turning it over and removing the three hexagon screws with a ¼ - inch nut driver . This will allow you to pull the wiring harness free from the base . 8 Depress the two locking tabs on the ice maker plug and then pull it out of the base . Pull the ice maker from the base piece and replace the unit . Things You Will Need Masking tape ¼ - inch wrench ¼ - inch nut driver Flat - tipped screwdriver Warning Do not attempt to remove the ice maker unit before turning off the water supply to the unit . References ( 2 ) Parts Select : Refrigerator Repair - Replacing the Icemaker ( Whirlpool Part # 4317943 ) Appliance Advice : Kenmore Ice maker Replacement Repair DIY About the Author John Derossett first began writing professionally in 2000 . Now contributing to various online publications , he specializes in home repair and maintenance as well as other similar topics . Derossett is studying journalism at Ashford University . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Ice Maker", "Kenmore 106", "Home Maintenance" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/remove-laminate-backsplash-goes-up-behind-wall-cabinets-32480.html
How to Remove a Laminate Backsplash That Goes Up Behind Wall Cabinets Typical cabinet backsplash is placed on after the upper cabinets are installed . Occasionally , part of the wall is covered with backsplash beforehand and cabinets are installed directly on top of it . This provides an attractive background for cabinets and gives the wall added protection . Unfortunately , if you ever want to remove the laminate , the cabinets need to be taken down . It ' s really not that big a deal ; cabinets can be taken down using only a screw gun . The laminate can then be removed and cabinets reinstalled . 1 Measure the distance between the bottom of the cabinets and the countertop . Cut two 3 / 4 - by - 1 1 / 2 - inch wood props to that length , using a hand saw . 2 Place the wood props vertically under the first cabinet . You can start on the end or in the middle ; it does n ' t matter . Look inside the cabinet . Locate all the screws securing the cabinet to the walls , ceiling or other cabinets . Remove all the screws except one with a cordless screw gun . Pull out the props . Brace the cabinet with your shoulder and remove the last screw . Allow the cabinet to slide down the wall and rest on the countertop . Place the cabinet on the floor . Remove 3 Insert a putty knife behind the laminate at the top where the cabinets were removed . Pry the laminate out slightly . Inject acetone into the crack . Continue sliding the putty knife along the top of the laminate , injecting acetone behind it . 4 Pry and slide the knife along inside the crack as the glue softens . When the laminate comes loose two or three inches , continue to pull it back with your fingers , injecting acetone deeper as the laminate continues to pull free of the wall . Use the putty knife to cut strands of glue , if necessary , until the laminate pulls completely off the wall . 5 Scrape residual glue from the wall with the putty knife . Let the wall dry for one hour , then sand it and prepare the wall for new laminate or whatever project you have in mind . You can then rehang the cabinets , using the props . Place the cabinets exactly as they were before , using the same screw holes . Things You Will Need Wood sticks , 3 / 4 - by - 1 1 / 2 - by - 48 inches Hand saw Cordless screw gun Putty knife Acetone Tip Use an assistant to help you lift cabinets , even if they are light . Cabinets are bulky and hard to handle . Warning Place pads or blankets on the countertop to prevent damage from props or upper cabinets . Wear safety glasses . About the Author Specializing in hardwood furniture , trim carpentry , cabinets , home improvement and architectural millwork , Wade Shaddy has worked in homebuilding since 1972 . Shaddy has also worked as a newspaper reporter and writer , and as a contributing writer for Bicycling Magazine . Shaddy began publishing in various magazines in 1992 , and published a novel , “ Dark Canyon , ” in 2008 . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Laminate Backsplash", "Behind Wall Cabinets" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/remove-old-stained-grout-between-floor-tiles-replace-new-grout-66892.html
How to Remove Old Stained Grout Between Floor Tiles & Replace it With New Grout Related Articles 1 Regrout on Top of Grout 2 Repair Broken Grout on Tile Floors 3 Regrout Ceramic Flooring 4 Clean Grout if It Dries Completely Grout is strong and durable , but it is a porous material . As a result , grout tends to pick up stains . The removal process once meant tediously chipping out old grout by hand . A couple of choices in power tools speeds the process along and takes with it much of the elbow - aching work . The regrouting process is very much the same whether you ’ re regrouting floors , walls or countertops . 1 Choose the type of grout removal attachment that best fits your needs . A grout grabbing blade that fits into a reciprocating saw chips out the old material quickly but is difficult to guide until it bites into the grout . A rotary tool attachment comes with a guide that makes piloting easy , but the work is a little slower . 2 Chuck the grout removal tool into your reciprocating saw or rotary power tool . If using a rotary tool attachment , set the depth at 1 / 4 inch . 3 Don a dust mask and safety goggles . The removal process creates dust and chunks of old grout . 4 Turn on the power tool and push the grout removal tool slowly into a section of old grout . Guide the tool carefully as you work so that the cutting attachment does not mar the tile . 5 Work the removal tool into all the grout lines until you have removed all of the old material . 6 Clean out each joint by chipping out any excess grout material with a manual grout removal tool . This tool looks like a long screwdriver , except it has a triangular - shaped gouge on the end . 7 Vacuum the floor to remove chips of the old grouting and all the dust . 8 Mix a batch of grout powder with water or acrylic grout additive according to the directions on the grout package . Typically , you add enough liquid to mix the powder to a consistency between peanut butter and pancake batter . 9 Slake the mix by allowing it to remain idle for about 10 to 15 minutes . Mix again , and add a little more water or additive if the grout becomes too stiff . 10 Force grout into the joints by holding a grout float on a 45 - degree angle as you sweep the float and grout material diagonally to the joints ; sweeping in line with the joint pushes out the grout material . Ensure that the joints are completely filled by sweeping each joint from different directions . 11 Clean off excess grout from the faces of the tiles by holding the grout float at almost a 90 - degree angle while pulling it across the surface of the tiles diagonally . 12 Wring a sponge that ’ s soaked in clean , fresh water until the sponge is slightly damp . Wipe the tile surfaces with the damp sponge , removing the remaining grout from them . Repeat this process several times , using clean water and rinsing the sponge before each wipe of the tiles . 13 Let the grout cure as directed by the manufacturer . Things You Will Need Grout removal attachment Reciprocating saw or rotary power tool Dust mask Safety goggles Manual grout removal tool Vacuum Grout powder Acrylic grout additive Power drill with mixing attachment Grout float Sponges Buckets of clean water References ( 3 ) The Family Handyman : How to Regrout Bathroom Tile : Fixing Bathroom Walls This Old House : Re - Grouting Old Tile The Tile Depot : How to Regrout Tiles Resources ( 1 ) The Family Handyman : Our Best Grouting Tips About the Author Robert Korpella has been writing professionally since 2000 . He is a certified Master Naturalist , regularly monitors stream water quality and is the editor of freshare . net , a site exploring the Ozarks outdoors . Korpella ' s work has appeared in a variety of publications . He holds a bachelor ' s degree from the University of Arkansas . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Stained Grout", "Floor Tiles" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/remove-stains-cutlery-91429.html
How to Remove Stains From Cutlery Cutlery is subject to exposure to all kinds of substances through regular use : greasy foods , minerals and detergents , to name a few . Over time , that once - sparkling flatware ' s finish becomes dull and stained . Even stainless - steel cutlery stains . In many cases , these stains can be rubbed away with items already in the kitchen ; sometimes , it may take more than one method to completely remove a stain . 1 Pour a small amount of white vinegar onto a nonabrasive white cloth . Wipe down the cutlery with the cloth to remove general stains and marks such as white hard - water deposits . Rinse and dry with a fresh white cloth . 2 Fill the sink with 1 inch of hot water - - enough to completely cover a layer of cutlery . Pour in 1 tablespoon of baking soda , swishing it around to dissolve the powder . Add the cutlery to the baking - soda soak and allow them to sit for 10 or 15 minutes . Rinse the cutlery and buff each piece separately . 3 Add a squirt of mild dish soap to shallow bowl of hot water . Dip a sponge or dishcloth into the soapy water , then wipe cutlery tinted with a rainbow discoloration . This discoloration happens from a dishwasher that does n ' t rinse and dry adequately if strong detergents are used to clean the cutlery , or if the cutlery has been exposed to extremely hot grease . Rinse and dry the cutlery after rubbing with the soapy water . This method also removes some chalky hard - water deposits left behind when cutlery is left to air 4 Apply a dab of stainless - steel cutlery polish to a soft white cloth . Rub stainless cutlery to remove stains and restore shine . Rinse and dry as directed by the polish package instructions , which may vary by brand . Things You Will Need White vinegar Nonabrasive white cloth such as a tea towel Baking soda Mild dishwashing liquid Sponge or dishcloth Shallow bowl Stainless - steel cutlery polish Tips Rinse food debris off cutlery immediately after use to help prevent stains . Wipe sticky foods away with a wet dishcloth , as the substance becomes more difficult to remove once it hardens . Keep silverware and stainless - steel cutlery separated , as stainless may affect the color of the silver if they touch . Avoid using abrasives such as steel wool on cutlery as this may cause fine scratches , which harbor stains . Fine scratches also detract from the cutlery ' s finish . Do not leave cutlery immersed for extended times in substances that may stain , such as coffee , tea or even some soups . References ( 5 ) Good Housekeeping : How to Remove Cutlery Stains Robert Welch : How to Clean Your Cutlery / Flatware House to Home : How to Clean Cutlery Supreme Cutlery : Frequently Asked Questions Oneida : Caring for Your Stainless Steel Flatware Resources ( 2 ) Cutlery and Allied Trades Research Association : Care of Cutlery and Flatware Lathco LTD : Silver Plated Cutlery and Stainless Steel Cutlery Care Recommendations About the Author Kathy Adams is an award - winning journalist and freelance writer who traveled the world handling numerous duties for music artists . She writes travel and budgeting tips and destination guides for USA Today , Travelocity and ForRent , among others . She enjoys exploring foreign locales and hiking off the beaten path stateside , snapping pics of wildlife and nature instead of selfies . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Remove Stains", "Cutlery" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/remove-vinyl-siding-installation-door-20660.html
How to Remove Vinyl Siding for the Installation of a Door Cutting vinyl siding to install a new exterior door is a tedious job , but it ’ s one that most moderately handy homeowners can manage . Vinyl siding comprises long , interlocking panels , special trim called J - channel that finishes the ends of rows , and other trim pieces that vary based on the house and the brand of siding . After installing the new door , you will need new J - channel trim around the door to finish the cut ends neatly . Consult with your siding manufacturer to learn whether other proprietary siding components Cut the Vinyl 1 Pry off trim molding surrounding the existing door , if applicable , with the flat end of a pry bar . 2 Mark the perimeter of the opening for the new door onto the vinyl siding with a carpenter ’ s pencil in the location where the door will go . If you are widening an existing doorway to install a larger door jamb and door , align the bottom or threshold of the door opening with the existing threshold . 3 Score the flat sections of the siding panels with a sharp utility knife , following the pencil lines that you traced for the perimeter of the new door . Drag the knife along the pencil lines several times until you cut through the vinyl . 4 Cut through the curved , interlocking sections of the siding with metal snips , using the cuts that you made with the utility knife as access points through the vinyl for the snips . 5 Make additional cuts along the pencil lines with the utility knife and snips as necessary . Separate the vinyl siding that you will keep around the outside of the new doorway from the siding that you need to remove to install the door , leaving no portion of the two sections connected . Remove the Siding 1 Slip the curved end of a vinyl siding zip tool into the seam between two horizontally interlocking runs of siding that you need to remove . You might need to wiggle the tool to work it into the seam . A zip tool is a small , flat metal bar with a curved end . The curved end of the tool unlocks and separates the seam between two sections of siding . 2 Pull the zip tool along the seam left to right , unlocking the panels along the joint . Repeat to unlock each row of siding inside the perimeter of the new doorway . 3 Slip the forked end of a pry bar under the nail heads that fasten the rows of siding to the house . Pry out the siding nails and remove the siding . Things You Will Need Pry bar Carpenter ' s pencil Utility knife Metal snips Vinyl siding zip tool Tips In many cases , it is better to reserve cutting the siding until just before installing the door . If you prepare the wall inside the house for the new door before cutting the siding on the outside of the house , the siding protects the opening in case you are interrupted and have to stop , or if inclement weather arises . If you are experienced with a circular saw , you can cut the siding along the pencil lines much more quickly . Set the blade to a shallow depth , make a plunge cut in the siding and cut along the pencil lines . Wear eye protection if you cut the siding with a circular saw . Warning Age and cold weather make vinyl siding brittle . If the siding is n ’ t flexible , cut as much of it with the utility knife as you can before using snips , or use a circular saw . Snips are more likely to break the vinyl if it is brittle . References ( 2 ) The Family Handyman : How to Install Vinyl Siding Vinyl Siding Institute : Vinyl Siding Installation Manual Resources ( 2 ) Lowe ’ s : Install a Patio Door Fine Homebuilding : Vinyl Siding Done Right About the Author Carole Oldroyd , a writer based in East Tennessee , has authored numerous DIY home improvement , Human Resources , HR and Law articles . In addition to holding a degree in paralegal studies , she has more than 10 years of experience renovating newer homes and restoring historic property . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Vinyl Siding", "Installation of a Door" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/remove-wall-tile-mortar-wire-mesh-47913.html
How to Remove Wall Tile Mortar and Wire Mesh Concrete mortar walls are created from a combination of wire mesh or chicken wire attached to the wall studs on top of a layer of plastic sheeting , and then a layer of sand , cement , lime and water mixed together to form fat mud . If you decide to remodel your bathroom , you will first need to remove the wall tile , mortar and wire mesh to expose the wall studs so you can reinstall a new finish material . Tile Removal Before you remove the mesh and mortar of a mud wall , you must first deal with the tile . If the walls were covered with a latex waterproofing , the tile will be much easier to remove and should pop off by using a hammer and chisel . You can salvage the tile if you so desire , but you must first cut out the grout from the joints with an oscillating power tool or a rotary tool to help the tiles pop off individually . Thinset mortar applied directly onto the concrete mortar surface will create a cementituous Exposing the Mesh Once you have removed the tiles , you will be left with the mud wall itself , which is anywhere from 1 / 2 inch of concrete up to 1 inch or so depending on how plumb the wall framing was ( mud walls are floated plumb for proper tile installation ) . If you are using the automatic hammer chisel , you can also use the tool to help chip away the mud and expose the wire lath . Otherwise , a hammer and chisel works just as well . Removal of the Mesh Wire mesh is held in place either by nails or staples and is fairly easy to remove once the majority of concrete has been removed . All you need is a hammer and a pry bar or cat ’ s claw to leverage the mesh up and away from the studs and remove the fasteners . If you want to try your luck at speeding things up , expose roughly 6 to 8 inches of the wire mesh at the top of the wall . After you pry the wire loose from its fastenings , apply your body weight while Proper Clothing and Safety Wire mesh is exceptionally sharp and will readily cut exposed skin . Thick , long - sleeved shirts , work boots and long pants are required , as are work gloves , a respirator and safety glasses or goggles . A dust mask will not suffice , as there will be a lot of concrete dust from removal of the mortar . Always work your way from the top downward when removing tile or mortar because gravity can create hazards if you go from the top upward . Be sure to cover and protect the floor surface in your demolition About the Author Tim Anderson has been freelance writing since 2007 . His has been published online through GTV Magazine , Home Anatomy , TravBuddy , MMO Hub , Killer Guides and the Delegate2 group . He spent more than 15 years as a third - generation tile and stone contractor before transitioning into freelance writing . Photo Credits Cite this Article
[ "Remove Wall Tile Mortar", "Wire Mesh" ]
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/removing-silicone-caulk-residue-28359.html
Removing Silicone Caulk Residue Written by Chris Deziel ; Updated December 10 , 2018 Some jobs are easier to do than they appear at first sight , but the opposite is true when it comes to removing silicone caulk residue . Although it gives the impression of a fragile rubber that will easily pull away , it bonds with surprising strength , and you can seldom remove all of it just by pulling . Residue removal may be painstaking , but it ' s a necessary evil , particularly if you want to re - caulk . The Need for Caulk Removal Many silicone caulking products are guaranteed for 20 years or more , but excessive moisture , mold and movements of the substrate can cause them to fail prematurely . When they do , they form an imperfect seal and can also create an eyesore , especially if blackened by mold . It is n ' t enough to simply remove the damaged part of the caulk if you want to repair it with fresh material . Any caulk that you leave on the substrate will prevent the new caulk from adhering . Moreover , if any of the old caulk Bulk Removal No solvent dissolves silicone caulk , so you wo n ' t find a chemical agent in the hardware store that will allow you to wipe away the caulk after brushing it on . Mineral spirits will soften it , but you ' ll probably have to accomplish the bulk of the removal by cutting the caulk with a sharp knife and pulling it off with pliers . The process will leave small patches of material clinging to the substrate . These patches can be thin enough to be almost invisible , and it may be difficult to scrape them Residue Removal Removing silicone caulk residue effectively is a two - or three - part process . Softening the residue by prolonged exposure to mineral spirits loosens its bond with the substrate . Leaving one or several rags soaked with the solvent in contact with the caulk for several hours is the best way to accomplish this . When the residue has softened , much of it will come off under the vigorous action of a scrub brush , but you may need a razor knife or pull scraper for stubborn patches . Avoid sandpaper . No matter how coarse the grit Considerations Avoid using mineral spirits on painted , lacquered or otherwise finished surfaces . Denatured alcohol may be an appropriate substitute , but it ' s best to test any solvent you use on an inconspicuous part of the substrate and avoid it if you notice discoloration or other undesirable effects . In lieu of soaking a rag with solvents , you may be able to remove the residue by soaking an abrasive sponge instead . Softening the residue and scrubbing it at the same time is most likely to be effective on smooth substrates such as glass , tile or References ( 2 ) This Old House : Removing Silicone Caulk GE - Caulk Your Home : Frequently Asked Questions : How Do I Remove Silicone Caulk ? About the Author Chris Deziel has a bachelor ' s degree in physics and a master ' s degree in humanities . Besides having an abiding interest in popular science , Deziel has been active in the building and home design trades since 1975 . As a landscape builder , he helped establish two gardening companies . Cite this Article
[ "Silicone Caulk Residue", "Caulk Removal" ]