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http://hs.hiveswap.com/ezodiac/aboutlunarsway.php | About Lunar Sway Lunar Sway is one of three qualities which uniquely determine your True sign along with your and Aspect Your Lunar Sway indicates whether you are a Prospit Dreamer or a Derse Dreamer Either one says something about your perspective on life and the world around you To find out your True Sign which includes discovering your Lunar Sway take the test now Prospit Marked by a flexible optimism the personalities of Prospit Dreamers are reactive and intuitive They naturally exist in the present rather than look to the future or obsess over the past When making decisions Prospit Dreamers tend to rely on gut instinct and whatever emotions they are experiencing at the moment This makes them quick to act and reliable in a crisis but it also can make them capricious They have trouble thinking things through and their feelings toward specific situations and decisions can change from day to day They solve problems with creativity rather than cold logic often seeing Derse Derse Dreamers have personalities marked by a distinct and restless skepticism Whatever their waking circumstances chances are they will live in a state of dissatisfaction Rebellion is in their blood manifesting whether they are fighting back against a fascist dictatorship or the most recent trend in casual footwear Derse Dreamers are cerebral and selfaware they have a far better grasp on the landscape of their own minds than on the world around them which they can find alienating and confusing But as so much of their identity is built on control they will do their utmost to hide any insecurities To find out what your True Sign is take the test now | [
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http://hsabank.com/hsabank/learning-center/irs-contribution-limits-and-guidelines | Learning Center IRS Guidelines & Eligible Expenses IRS Guidelines , Contribution Limits , & Eligible Expenses The IRS sets limits each year for maximum contributions to each type of account - based benefit . Health Savings Account ( HSA ) – IRS Limits 2019 IRS Limits Maximum Contribution Limit $ 3,500 $ 7,000 Minimum Deductible $ 1,350 $ 2,700 Maximum Out - of - Pocket $ 6,750 $ 13,500 Catch - up Contribution ( 55 + ) $ 1,000 $ 1,000 Flexible Spending Account ( FSA ) - IRS Limits 2019 Maximum Contribution : $ 2,700 Dependent Care Flexible Spending Account ( DCFSA ) - IRS Limits 2019 Maximum Contribution : $ 2,500 If filing taxes jointly , Maximum Contribution : $ 5,000 Commuter Benefits - IRS Limits 2019 Parking & Transit : $ 265 per month / per each benefit IRS - Qualified Medical Expenses You can pay for a wide range of IRS - qualified medical expenses with your HSA , including many that are n ' t typically covered by health insurance plans . This includes deductibles , co - insurance , prescriptions , dental and vision care , and more . For a complete list of IRS - qualified medical expenses visit irs . gov or view a list of qualifying examples It Takes Less Than 10 Minutes to Open an HSA Take control of your healthcare savings . Sign Up | [
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http://hse.ie/eng/services/list/1/bdm/Certificates/ | HSE . ie Services 1 . Ordering certificates Order online by post or in person from any civil registration service Fees for certificates Online orders € 20 for a full standard certificate . Over the counter orders Fees for ordering certificates at a civil registration service or by post are : € 20 for a full standard certificate € 4 for an uncertified copy - can only be used for research purposes € 10 to have a certificate authenticated - available from the General Register Office € 1 for a copy for social welfare purposes and registering for a Public Services Card ( letter from Department of Social Protection required ) € 20 for a certified copy of an entry in the Adopted Children Register Online orders Delivery time depends on how long it takes us to search for the certificate and where it is being posted to . We aim to post certificates within 20 working days . Postage for online orders is € 1.50 per order in Ireland and € 2 per order outside of Ireland . If we are unable to find the record , we will send you a full refund . You can only order full standard certificates online . Order by post To order a certificate by post in English download the application form To order a certificate by post in Irish download the application form Years certificates are available Certificates are available for : births registered in the Republic of Ireland from 1864 to present births registered in Northern Ireland from 1864 to 1921 deaths registered in the Republic of Ireland from 1864 to present deaths registered in Northern Ireland from 1864 to 1921 marriages registered in the island of Ireland from 1864 to 1921 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1922 civil partnerships registered in the Republic of Ireland from 2011 stillbirths held by the General Register Office domestic adoptions held by the General Register Office Contact us about online orders For births , deaths and marriages certificates HSE Civil Registration Service Joyce House 8 to 11 Lombard Street East Dublin 2 D02 Y729 Telephone : 01 8638200 Monday to Friday 9am to 5pm Email : certificates @ hse . ie If you send an email , please include your order ID number . For adoption or stillbirth certificates General Register Office Government Offices Convent Road Roscommon Co . Roscommon F42 VX53 Telephone : 090 6632900 Get an Irish stillbirth certificate online Get an Irish birth certificate online Page last reviewed : 14 / 11 / 2018 Next review due : 14 / 11 / 2021 On this page Fees for certificates Order by post + 2 More | [
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http://hseds.ca/ | I want to FIND a NEW JOB WorkBC offers highquality NO FEE employment services for the general public Im part of a specialized population YOUTH WOMEN DISABLED ABORIGINAL FRANCOPHONE There are programs to help you find work Im interested in continuing my EDUCATION TRAINING We provide a wide range of training and education workshops at HSEDS I need help HIRING NEW STAFF We can assist you with recruiting hiring and training of your staff Im NEW to CANADA Immigrant Settlement Integration Services Im interested in Jobs at SiteC Dam SiteC Dam Click on the link to find more information I want to LEARN a SKILLED TRADE Learn more about the apprenticeship process and funding in BC I need help BECOMING SELF EMPLOYED Learn more about becoming self employed AFFNO For services in French Recent Job Postings Estimator January 3 2019 Prince Rupert Superintendent January 3 2019 Prince Rupert Family Counsellor January 3 2019 Prince Rupert Power Washer January 2 2019 Prince Rupert Retail Store Supervisor January 2 2019 Prince Rupert All Job Postings | [
"Job Postings"
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http://hselab.org/pyomo-get-variable-values.html | Accessing Pyomo variable values and objective function value Date Tue 17 January 2017 Tags python pyomo Accessing Pyomo variable values and objective function value I built some pretty big mixed integer programming models in Pyomo a few years ago back in the Pyomo 2x and 3x days I believe After neglecting them for a while I returned to them this year and not surprisingly tons of improvements and changes had been made to Pyomo Im using Pyomo 501 and spent a bunch of time updating my old models and driver scripts to be compliant with the new version In doing so I had a bunch of trouble doing relatively simple things that used to work in older versions For example accessing variable values and So Im using the simple production model example that came with Pyomo some version ago After loading and solving well explore a bunch of different ways to access both variable values and the objective function value In 2 import pyomoopt from pyomoenviron import In 3 Import model import prod Create the model instance instance prod model create_instance proddat In 4 instance pprint 1 Set Declarations P Dim0 Dimen1 Size2 DomainNone OrderedFalse BoundsNone bands coils 4 Param Declarations a Size2 IndexP DomainAny DefaultNone MutableFalse Key Value bands 200 coils 140 b Size1 IndexNone DomainAny DefaultNone MutableFalse Key Value None 40 c Size2 IndexP DomainAny DefaultNone MutableFalse Key Value bands 25 coils 30 u Size2 IndexP DomainAny DefaultNone MutableFalse Key Value bands 6000 coils 4000 1 Var Declarations X Size2 IndexP Key Lower Value Upper Fixed Stale Domain bands None None None False True Reals coils None None None False True Reals 1 Objective Declarations Total_Profit Size1 IndexNone ActiveTrue Key Active Sense Expression None In 5 Setup the optimizer opt pyomo opt SolverFactory cbc Optimize results opt solve instance Write the output results write num 1 Solver Results Problem Information Problem Name tmpma7o0956pyomo Lower bound 1920000 Upper bound 1920000 Number of objectives 1 Number of constraints 6 Number of variables 3 Number of nonzeros 7 Sense minimize Solver Information Solver Status ok User time 10 Termination condition optimal Error rc 0 Time 0015891075134277344 Solution Information Solution number of solutions 0 number of solutions displayed 0 In Pyomo 4x results from solving an optimization problem are automatically loaded into the model instance See httpwwwpyomoorgblog20151226updatingtopyomo41 for more details So how to interrogate the instance object to get things like the objective function value or variable values Variable values Invidual variable values Invididual variable values can be accessed via their value property This is the approach shown in the Pyomo documentation in Sec 1862 In 6 instance X coils value Out6 1400 In 7 for p in instance P print instance X p value 1400 6000 Variable values can also be accessed in a few other ways Im guessing from the documentation that the value property approach shown above is the Pyomothonic way to do it However Ive seen the following two approaches used in various Pyomo problem example galleries In 8 value instance X coils Out8 1400 In 9 instance X coils Out9 1400 What is type of an individual variable object What about its string representation In 10 type instance X coils Out10 pyomocorebasevar_GeneralVarData In 12 str instance X coils Out12 Xcoils All variable values We can loop over the collection of variable objects in the problem instance and access their values as follows This approach is based on Section 1863 in the Pyomo 4 docs I guess Im confused as to the need for using getattr instead of simply accessing the object variable used in the for statement As we see below both v and varobject have type class pyomocorebasevarIndexedVar In 19 for v in instance component_objects Var active True print Variable component object v print Type of component object str type v 1 1 Stripping for nbconvert varobject getattr instance str v print Type of object accessed via getattr str type varobject 1 1 for index in varobject print index varobject index value Variable component object X Type of component object class pyomocorebasevarIndexedVar Type of object accessed via getattr class pyomocorebasevarIndexedVar coils 1400 bands 6000 Why cant we just do this In 20 for v in instance component_objects Var active True print Variable component object v for index in v print index v index value Variable component object X coils 1400 bands 6000 Objective function value Ive found accessing the objective function value even less clear I cant seem to find the suggested way to do it in the official docs and have run across various approaches in examples in various GitHub repos Heres a bunch of examples that work to various degrees though some appear to be deprecated I wonder which is the Pyomothonic way In 21 Various ways of trying to print out objective function value print n instanceTotal_Profitvalue print instance Total_Profit value print n instanceTotal_Profitvalue print instance Total_Profit value print n valueinstanceTotal_Profit print value instance Total_Profit print n valueinstanceTotal_Profit print value instance Total_Profit print n objective_object getattrinstance Total_Profit objective_object getattr instance Total_Profit print n objective_objectvalue print objective_object value print n valueobjective_object print value objective_object value print n objective_object print objective_object instanceTotal_Profitvalue WARNING DEPRECATED The value property getter on SimpleObjective is deprecated Use the expr property getter instead 30Xcoils 25Xbands instanceTotal_Profitvalue WARNING DEPRECATED The value property getter on SimpleObjective is deprecated Use the expr property getter instead 192000 valueinstanceTotal_Profit 192000 valueinstanceTotal_Profit 192000 objective_object getattrinstance Total_Profit objective_objectvalue WARNING DEPRECATED The value property getter on SimpleObjective is deprecated Use the expr property getter instead 30Xcoils 25Xbands valueobjective_object WARNING DEPRECATED The value property getter on SimpleObjective is deprecated Use the expr property getter instead 192000 objective_object 192000 | [
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http://hss.fullerton.edu/paj/CriminalJustice/ | Undergraduate Major Requirements Minor Requirements Frequently Asked Questions CRIMINAL JUSTICE Criminal Justice is the study of the causes consequences and control of crime Like other new and developing fields criminal justice is difficult to define as it draws from a number of different disciplines including psychology public administration philosophy political science sociology and law The program leading to the Bachelor of Arts in Criminal Justice is designed to acquaint preservice and inservice students with the principles and practices of criminal justice in America Although the departments curriculum allows for the development of depth in one of the subjects substantive subsystems ie law enforcement courts or corrections the overriding objective is to familiarize students with activities in all the above areas The department is both academic and professional in that it is an interdisciplinary attempt to relate intellectual issues and practitioner perspectives to the challenge of crime in a free society In this regard the department provides preparation for employment with a related agency andor further study eg law school ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSFER STUDENTS FOR FALL 2018 To be considered for priority admission to the Criminal Justice Program applicants must have a GPA of 28 or above and have completed Criminal Justice 100 or equivalent course completed with a grade of C or better by the end of the Spring term Applicants that do not have met this requirement will be placed on a waitlist and will be considered for admission based on space availability It is recommended that prospective students utilize the course articulation information on the ASSIST website to determine how your course matches the requirement | [
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http://hss.fullerton.edu/paj/CriminalJustice/minor_cj.aspx | Undergraduate Major Requirements Minor Requirements Frequently Asked Questions MINOR IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE What is involved in attaining a Minor in Criminal Justice A Minor in Criminal Justice consists of completion of 18 units including three required and three elective courses to be chosen from the criminal justice curriculum The required courses are Criminal Justice 300 Intro to Criminal Justice 3 Criminal Justice 310A Criminal Law Substantive 3 Criminal Justice 330 Crime and Delinquency 3 In addition students are required to complete 9 units of elective courses These can be any CRJU course of your choosing | [
"Justice"
] |
http://hti.osu.edu/history-lesson-plans/united-states-history/manifest-destiny-westward-expansion | Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion Lesson Plan American Progress by John Gast , 1872 ) Introduction : As early as 1751 Benjamin Franklin described a destiny for Americans to fill up new lands to the west , and Jefferson , Monroe , and Adams all expressed expansionist dreams . In the 1840s , however , under Presidents Tyler and Polk , the territory of the United States increased by nearly eight hundred million acres through the annexation of Texas , the acquisition of Oregon south of the forty - ninth parallel , the military conquest of California and New Mexico , and the assumption of Native American lands in the Great Lakes region as those tribes were Objectives : 1 . To explain the economic , political , racial , and religious roots of Manifest Destiny and analyze how the concept influenced the nation ’ s westward expansion . 2 . To understand the motivations and expectations of Americans who settled in the West . Part 1 : Students should begin with journalist John O ’ Sullivan ’ s 1839 and 1845 articles in the Democratic Review in which he wrote about an American destiny and first used the phrase “ manifest destiny . ” Ask them to list the economic cultural , political , and religious assumptions implicit in O ’ Sullivan ’ s formulation of Manifest Destiny . What do the two articles reveal about American attitudes toward other nations ? Toward themselves ? A collection of resolutions , declarations , and treaties dealing with Texas independence , the acquisition of Oregon and Texas , and the Mexican - American War provides another way to approach the ideology of Manifest Destiny . What do these political and diplomatic documents reveal about American intentions , justifications , and assumptions ? Students could then juxtapose two 1859 documents by Juan Cortina , a Mexican living in Texas . How were Anglo - Texan cultural and racial attitudes perceived by non - Anglos ? The John Gast ’ s painting “ American Progress " and George Crofutt ’ s copy used to market the print may be reproduced . Students should make a detailed analysis of the picture in terms of Manifest Destiny . What transformations — economic , political , technological , environmental — does the movement from east to west represent ? Is there a linear progression implied here ? Does the appearance of the trapper figures in the center bottom , in advance of the farmers with their oxen and plow , help us understand why the Hudson ’ s Bay Company was mentioned in the Oregon Treaty , or why that conflict was settled peaceably ? Part 2 : Did the ideology of Manifest Destiny that trumpeted and championed national expansion also shape the lives of ordinary Americans who traveled and settled the West ? A multitude of settlers ’ journals , letters , diaries , and published narratives has survived . These may be used in a variety of ways , either singly or grouped . Two celebrated contemporary published narratives , Josiah Gregg ’ s 1842 Commerce of the Prairies and Thomas James ’ s 1846 Three Years among the Indians and Mexicans reward close reading , but they are both lengthy . The Prairie Traveler : A Hand - Book for Overland Expeditions , Capt . Randolph B . Marcy ’ s 1859 guide for prospective settlers , laid out the conditions of overland travel on the western frontier , listed the provisions needed for the journey , and gave advice on dealing with Indians and wild animals . Similar lists of necessary provisions were published for the use of early English settlers in North America in the seventeenth century ; students might be asked to find analogous lists . In order that students appreciate the enormity of undertaking the westward journey — and the usefulness of Capt . Marcy ’ s handbook 1802 map of North America , with its western region empty , should be contrasted to Lewis and Clark ’ s map published after their expedition . Finally , ask the students to compare these earlier maps with the geographical detail present in an 1867 railroad map Another set of sources Narcissa Whitman ' s letters and journals ; Catherine Sager Pringle ' s Across the Plains in 1844 ; and “ Cayuse Request for a Material Witness ” — deals with travel to the Oregon Country in the 1830s and 1840s . Whitman consciously kept a journal of her journey from Pittsburgh aboard a steamboat and subsequent land travel . It charts her changing expectations and experience of frontier conditions , missionary activities , and Indian hostilities . Catherine Pringle and her siblings , traveling from Missouri to Oregon , lost their parents when Native Americans killed them , following a measles outbreak among the Indians , who attributed the epidemic to poisoning by Dr . Whitman . Students could read other diaries and letters collected by the Library of Western Fur Trade Historical Source Documents . William Becknell ’ s “ Selected Letters , ” for example , offers a version of events also discussed by Josiah Gregg , who embellished his account with descriptions of the travelers drinking the blood of mules and dogs and the water of a buffalo ’ s stomach to satisfy their thirst . Henry H . Spalding ’ s 1836 “ Letter from the Rocky Mountains ” offers another view of missionary work among the Indians . Finally , George Catlin ’ s 1844 Letters and Notes on the Manners , Customs , and Conditions of North American Indians offers a romantic , idealized vision of Native Americans . Students might compare and contrast Catlin ’ s favorable attitudes with the those of Americans who lost family members and possessions to hostile Indians . Students doing this exercise should also examine Catlin ’ s paintings of Native Americans for evidence of both the disappearing lifestyles of Native American peoples and of his sentiments toward the Native Americans themselves . | [
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http://htmldog.com/techniques/formtoemail/ | Form to Email Tiptoeing outside of the boundaries of clientside coding this page tackles a commonly requested serverside technique It outlines a very basic method for taking the contents of a submitted form and sending it to any given email address Yknow like in Contact us forms There are numerous ways of achieving this with numerous wild and wonderful programming languages but were going to use a scripting language called PHP PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Preprocessor yeah its recursive bonkers and it works handinhand with HMTL Its easy and its prolific In all likelihood the web hosting that is home to your HTML pages on the web will be PHPenabled Step 1 Create a PHP page If you use the extension php instead of html for your web page the server hosting the page will know to execute any PHP sitting within it So to start simply save an empty HTML page as contactphp Advertise Here On a longestablished wellread wellrespected web development resource Step 2 Create a form You can read about the ins and outs of forms in the HTML Beginner Tutorial To jump straight in lets use the following superstrippeddown form HTML form method post action contactphp textarea name message textarea input type submit form All quite straightforward right The actioncontactphp bit tells the page to send the forms content to itself when the form is submitted Crazy huh Were doing everything here with the same page Step 3 Send the forms data in an email At the very top of the page even before the Doctype we are going to enter a smattering of PHP to handle the form data php if_POSTmessage mailyouremailaddress Form to email message _POSTmessage From anemailaddress php marks the start of the PHP and marks the end The server will attempt to execute everything in between as PHP This code checks if form data has been sent and if it has it uses the mail function to send the data as an email to youremailaddress with the subject Form to email message and the message body that is the same as the form field with the name message The email will appear to be from anemailaddress Recap You can try this out once you upload it it requires the server to run you wont be able to run it locally Heres whats happening Once the form has been submitted the page will send the data to itself The page will check if data has been sent and if it has it will send it on as an email The browser will load the pages subsequent HTML including your form Further steps A basic Contact us page OK how about making this a bit more like a Contact us form We can add sender name and sender email address to the message and also include a confirmation message to let the sender know their message has been sent Heres the whole shebang php if_POSTsubmit recipientyouremailaddress subjectForm to email message sender_POSTsender senderEmail_POSTsenderEmail message_POSTmessage mailBodyName sendernEmail senderEmailnnmessage mailrecipient subject mailBody From sender senderEmail thankYoupThank you Your message has been sentp DOCTYPE html html head meta charsetutf8 titleContact form to emailtitle head body thankYou form methodpost actioncontactphp labelNamelabel input namesender labelEmail addresslabel input namesenderEmail labelMessagelabel textarea rows5 cols20 namemessagetextarea input typesubmit namesubmit form body html This time were Checking the form has been sent this time by looking for the form field named submit and if it has Setting a bagload of variables Your email address The email subject The senders name taken from the form The senders email address taken from the form The message taken from the form Sending the email using all of those variables Setting a variable for a confirmation message Loading the HTML including the confirmation message If the page loads and no form data has been sent then no email will be composed and no conformation message will be set so all that will happen is loading of the pages HTML Related pages Forms HTML Beginner Tutorial Web Hosting | [
"Form to Email"
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http://hub.chainreactioncycles.com/buying-guides/components/rear-shock-springs-buying-guide/ | Components Rear Shock Springs buying guide Category Components Metal springs for coil rear shocks as opposed to airsprung suspension units are replaceable in order to upgrade eg replace a steel spring with a lighter titanium spring or to finetune your rear suspension performance Changing your rear shock spring enables your suspension to tuned for factors including your own weight your chosen riding discipline and the suspension design of your bike Read on for more information on how to choose the right spring for your coil shock WHICH Rear Shock Spring IS RIGHT FOR YOU Choosing the correct spring for your coil shock is crucial towards getting the best out of your suspension There are a number of things to take into account when picking a new spring the most important being material spring length and spring rate Material Coil springs are made from one of two materials steel or titanium Performancewise theres not much between them Steel springs are relatively inexpensive but heavy Titanium springs can represent a significant weight saving but with a premium price tag The choice is yours and will largely depend on your budget Spring Length Springs for coil shocks are rated using two numbers you will see these stamped on the spring eg 450 X 225 The first number is the weight in pounds needed to compress the spring by an inch aka spring rate see below and the second is the travel length of the spring in inches However his is not the same as the travel length of the bikes suspension which is determined by the suspension design used see Rear Shock Springs InDepth for detailed information on how to choose the correct spring for your shockframe Spring rate As above the spring rate the latter of the two numbers stampe on the spring represents the weight in pounds needed to compress the spring by an inch Lighter riders generally need lowerrated springs while heavier riders needing higherrated Rear shock springs indepth If you are replacing or upgrading your rear spring and want to buy likeforlike the choice is simple just look at the numbers stamped on your existing spring and buy one with the same length and spring rate If you wish to experiment with your spring rate eg try a heavier or lighter spring for more or less active suspension simply choose one with the same length but a spring rate above or below your existing spring and experiment until you find the sweet spot for your weight and riding However if you have no information on your existing spring eg you are building a frame with a springless rear shock you will need to do a bit of groundwork in order to choose the correct size In order to choose the correct size spring for your shock you will need to do a bit of groundwork There are three things you will need to determine about your setup the stroke of your shock the maximum spring free length that your shock is designed to take and your ideal spring rate Shock Stroke This is the actual travel of the shock itself or the maximum movement of the shock from unloaded to fully compressed please note this is not the same as travel length which is the maximum amount the bikes rear axle will move when the suspension is fully compressed To find your shock stroke this measure the visible part of the shock shaft the part that disappears when the shock is fully compressed in inches 1 254mm Max spring free length This is the maximum length of uncompressed coil spring that your shock will take To figure this out wind the preload off completely and measure from the inside of the spring collar to the inside of the preload nut Spring Rate As above the spring rate is measured in lbs and refers to the stiffness of the spring Different spring rates will be appropriate depending on your weight riding stylediscipline the leverage ratio of the bike and the suspension design of the frame As a general rule you are trying to achieve the correct amount of sag sag is the amount your suspension travels when youre sitting on your seat feet on your pedals and hands on the bars This should be around 13 of the total travel on a DH bike and 14 of the total travel on an XC Once you have established all of the above you need to choose your spring using the following rules Spring stroke should be equal to or greater than stroke of the shock Spring length should be less than the maximum free length of the shock this is so the spring physically fits Spring rate should be correct to suit your body weight bike and riding style For example if your shock stroke is 2 your max spring free length is 130mm and your spring rate is 450lbs you need a spring that is 225 x 450Lbs x 125mm if you dont see a spring that has the exact stroke of your shock you can use a spring with a longer stroke as long as the free length will fit Goodyear release MTB road and gravel tyre range What happens during one hour of riding your bicycle The Hubs guide to Shimano road groupsets Our guide to Shimano mountain bike groupsets from Deore to XTR Di2 Video Sam Hill A legends journey Is your city about to ban the car Team CRC Mavic Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video x httpswwwyoutubecomwatchvcsV1XX3_vtg Strava Chain Reaction Cycles Displays clubs latest rides Victor Capelupi Pedalada noturna 45 km 1819 64 m Friday December 14 2018 Steve O Afternoon Ride 59 km 2028 6 m Friday December 14 2018 Adam Fairclough Night Ride 50 km 1324 33 m Friday December 14 2018 Scott Desmarais Afternoon Ride 90 km 3329 112 m Friday December 14 2018 Phil Hicks Much better 291 km 4028 111 m Saturday December 15 2018 Daniel Grégoire Bicisportvélo café YYC Innsbruck 251 km 4909 499 m Friday December 14 2018 Артём Брикса Night Ride 54 km 2030 54 m Friday December 14 2018 Ben Wright Afternoon Ride 173 km 4800 195 m Friday December 14 2018 Pete Mardy Afternoon Ride 135 km 3338 30 m Friday December 14 2018 Syarief Fahlevie Olympic Tri Prep Plan Week 2 Day 2 Bike 54 km 1243 52 m Saturday December 15 2018 JeanPat Bégin 2018roll018 climbing week innsbruck 200 km 4750 440 m Friday December 14 2018 Wanderlei Luiz Benachio Pedalada ao entardecer 35 km 1421 41 m Friday December 14 2018 Nick F Afternoon Ride 317 km 10522 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Aditya Pradana 6wk Beginner FTP Builder Week 3 Foundation 67 km 2640 191 m Saturday December 15 2018 Alan McLaughlin So I was laughing at the traffic on the white mud when I noticed a hearse going by Am I in trouble 199 km 11201 177 m Friday December 14 2018 MAD MAX Ночной велозаезд 80 km 5113 74 m Saturday December 15 2018 Philippe H Afternoon Ride 0 km 5851 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Phil Hicks Innsbruck 149 km 2647 141 m Saturday December 15 2018 Rara Chairul Morning Ride 170 km 10459 482 m Saturday December 15 2018 José Agnaldo MtbSpeed Pedal Noturno Mtb Com Os Calangos do Brejo 293 km 13344 420 m Friday December 14 2018 إزكياس توريس سوزا Torres Pedalada ao entardecer 88 km 2847 67 m Friday December 14 2018 Raymondo ️ Woah nearly averaged 30 353 km 11215 43 m Saturday December 15 2018 Peter Ong As expectedbefore and after 338 km 12106 37 m Saturday December 15 2018 Lance B 30 min Low Impact Ride with Hannah Marie Corbin 161 km 2956 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Trond Formo Night Ride 188 km 5433 151 m Friday December 14 2018 Matthew Harris Innsbruck 288 km 10442 529 m Friday December 14 2018 Łukasz Wójciak Build Me Up Devedeset 276 km 10013 526 m Friday December 14 2018 Pablo Gioda Aflojando por Potrero 193 km 5027 326 m Friday December 14 2018 Yoshiro T 朝のライド 145 km 3745 47 m Saturday December 15 2018 joao ricardo barlera Afternoon Ride 64 km 2557 4 m Friday December 14 2018 Pedro R Volta de bicicleta noturna 153 km 2956 45 m Friday December 14 2018 Syarief Fahlevie Innsbruck 76 km 2208 70 m Saturday December 15 2018 Jim P Night Ride 274 km 5110 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Nick C Night Ride 53 km 1531 32 m Friday December 14 2018 Henrik ️️️ Hedegaard Night Ride 128 km 3353 93 m Friday December 14 2018 Marcelo V Vuelta ciclista vespertina 0 km 11223 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Chris Coates Afternoon Ride 0 km 4603 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Cuanda Andhiz Morning Ride 451 km 15914 62 m Saturday December 15 2018 Mihail Iline Ночной заезд 53 km 1525 19 m Friday December 14 2018 Paulo Miranda Pedalada ao entardecer 60 km 10000 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Michael Hemmerlin A clean bike is a happy bike 479 km 14921 466 m Friday December 14 2018 Csaba P night ride just in time Its already getting white snowing partytime breaddripping junkfood beer wine 208 km 5606 128 m Friday December 14 2018 Brian Boyle Rains a comin 232 km 11559 365 m Friday December 14 2018 Hugo Anaya Bike Works Tampico Vuelta ciclista por la tarde 660 km 21005 174 m Friday December 14 2018 David A Trip to the cricket 94 km 21033 55 m Saturday December 15 2018 Mumen Rider Morning Ride 42 km 1105 36 m Saturday December 15 2018 Nick Hsieh Trainer Set 486 km 12952 409 m Saturday December 15 2018 Juan Enrique Burrows Vuelta ciclista vespertina 00 km 5249 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Daniel Dears Morning ride with Alec Jackson and Kenz 72 km 10223 137 m Saturday December 15 2018 Marcos Nasci Pedalada ao entardecer 122 km 3533 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Colin Barling Morning Ride 17 km 1300 2 m Saturday December 15 2018 Rodrigo Woitechen Lages Pedágio BR116 Correia Pinto 341 km 11049 300 m Friday December 14 2018 Claudio Silva Nuñez Ciclismo al anochecer 135 km 20409 535 m Friday December 14 2018 Joseph Jilek Kinomap Naples Hour of Power 370 km 10906 12 m Friday December 14 2018 Everton Hegler Pedalada ao entardecer 446 km 14832 366 m Friday December 14 2018 Leonardo Costa Atelier do Ciclista Pitanga Atelier do Ciclista 400 km 13917 286 m Friday December 14 2018 Del C Poggio MSR Sim 220 km 5143 204 m Friday December 14 2018 Lev Hell 30 km 1419 9 m Friday December 14 2018 Jimmy Daniels Old lads chat session 199 km 22152 250 m Saturday December 15 2018 Keith R Cool Down Innsbruck 73 km 1508 44 m Friday December 14 2018 Naveen Nandigum Actually went out at the perfect time The stars must have aligned for this although theres no climbing to be had in the valley floor 243 km 10658 47 m Friday December 14 2018 Stephen B Afternoon Ride 218 km 15620 149 m Friday December 14 2018 Edvan B Rumo ao descanso 10 km 2212 3 m Friday December 14 2018 Horia P Night ride 91 km 4027 20 m Friday December 14 2018 Craig Osman Morning Ride 372 km 12633 511 m Saturday December 15 2018 Tim Baxter ENDURANCE AC 5 x 22 VO2 4 x 33 Stop 1 x 15 Sub LT 1 x 60 Home 500 10 WU 438 km 14954 947 m Friday December 14 2018 Gustavo Dizzyex Evening Ride 37 km 2104 83 m Friday December 14 2018 Jefferson Klein Pedalada ao entardecer 571 km 21037 575 m Friday December 14 2018 Jordan C Afternoon Ride 164 km 4000 152 m Friday December 14 2018 Tim R Afternoon Ride 467 km 21119 153 m Friday December 14 2018 Sergey Kasparov Wild Waves SRT Loop 779 km 22544 292 m Friday December 14 2018 Damian J Morning Ride 408 km 20632 826 m Saturday December 15 2018 Giuseppe M Giro notturno pummarola 2511 km 5007 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Rafael Psoares Mais um dia concluído 265 km 10205 282 m Friday December 14 2018 Christopher Araya Vuelta ciclística por la tarde 208 km 22545 542 m Friday December 14 2018 BUDY Pedalando 306 km 11238 442 m Friday December 14 2018 Eder Malheiros Atividade ao entardecer 400 km 23131 255 m Friday December 14 2018 David Conway Evening Ride 155 km 4000 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Eros Salerno teste da cabrita 48 km 3755 38 m Friday December 14 2018 Damir Spanic Night Ride 70 km 2510 0 m Friday December 14 2018 paulo henrique rodrigues Volta de bicicleta ao entardecer 265 km 10602 259 m Friday December 14 2018 Anderson Vieira Pedal de Ferias com Murilão Inconfidentes 271 km 22617 401 m Friday December 14 2018 Matthew K Lunch Ride 266 km 12852 205 m Friday December 14 2018 Anderson G Pedalada ao entardecer 320 km 11455 95 m Friday December 14 2018 Leonardo Godoy Pedalada ao entardecer 365 km 12240 116 m Friday December 14 2018 Basil Aldaghestani Morning Ride 245 km 14045 747 m Saturday December 15 2018 Rob G Innsbruck morning wake up call 156 km 3113 143 m Saturday December 15 2018 Kenneth P Just Wandering Around 258 km 13617 154 m Friday December 14 2018 Deba Trek Émonda Pedalada vespertina 272 km 14520 587 m Friday December 14 2018 Ben Lester Night Turbo 200 km 3713 0 m Friday December 14 2018 Ian J Lost in West Lakes to Outer Harbor 784 km 32115 402 m Saturday December 15 2018 Lucas B Random attacks 380 km 11214 321 m Friday December 14 2018 Dheivid Brutão Indo ver o pôr do sol na praia grande em Arraial do Cabo com Carla Sousa linda 222 km 14355 192 m Friday December 14 2018 Bobby C New Workout 344 km 11059 303 m Friday December 14 2018 Claudio Ale Afternoon Ride 305 km 12541 182 m Friday December 14 2018 Baljit Mann Innsbruck 501 km 21508 1000 m Saturday December 15 2018 Gaël Jean FulGaz Alpe dHuez Summertime 178 km 10510 1146 m Friday December 14 2018 Brad P H2W easy building to solid Recovery after freeway overpass 223 km 5723 158 m Saturday December 15 2018 Dan SPD Pedalada ao entardecer 287 km 20000 374 m Friday December 14 2018 Juninho Macedo Pedalada ao entardecer 233 km 10340 437 m Friday December 14 2018 Mark S WBR Innsbruckring Flat Race 371 km 5758 315 m Friday December 14 2018 Qui D Build Me Up Giza 332 km 10131 297 m Saturday December 15 2018 Duncan R Innsbruck 261 km 4550 230 m Friday December 14 2018 Steve Shugg Local Hero 405 km 12454 0 m Friday December 14 2018 David Adams SMART No Time To Cry Xert 313 km 11141 257 m Friday December 14 2018 Cesar S Commute 127 km 5058 175 m Friday December 14 2018 antony diamondcycletourscom Morning Ride 137 km 5906 148 m Saturday December 15 2018 antony diamondcycletourscom Morning Ride 134 km 5527 102 m Saturday December 15 2018 les frawley Morning Ride 624 km 23741 823 m Saturday December 15 2018 Bush Chicken Copping a tow CU loop 677 km 22345 743 m Saturday December 15 2018 conan mcguire Morning Ride 511 km 22655 600 m Saturday December 15 2018 Rogério S Pedalada vespertina 122 km 10221 148 m Friday December 14 2018 River Silva Genoud Pedalada ao entardecer 234 km 31059 662 m Friday December 14 2018 Keith R EVR Europe Race A 442 km 10904 608 m Friday December 14 2018 Kranked Team CLS London 330 km 10605 156 m Friday December 14 2018 Nando Sexta volta 215 km 10218 265 m Friday December 14 2018 Thales M Pedalada ao entardecer 463 km 12825 403 m Friday December 14 2018 Hugo Nunes KTMagueija SPINNING Bike RT 455 km 11515 2 m Friday December 14 2018 Darren Viollet Morning Ride 438 km 15711 109 m Saturday December 15 2018 Jeff G Morning Ride 586 km 30925 506 m Saturday December 15 2018 Blindado na Fé Pedalada vespertina 83 km 13507 118 m Friday December 14 2018 Fernando Martin Ramirezmtb 275 Vuelta ciclística con un chaparrón incluido 300 km 13546 428 m Friday December 14 2018 Iz 1️ Night Ride Saturday 455 km 14423 294 m Saturday December 15 2018 Vagner Alves VF Tumulos TRILHEIROS DE ANGICOSRN PEDAL LAGES A ANGICOSRN 450 km 15508 202 m Friday December 14 2018 Guilherme C Afternoon Ride 317 km 12606 326 m Friday December 14 2018 Chris Erbs OUTLOOK RIDERS BBR Hugh Miditee 120 km 12716 322 m Saturday December 15 2018 Mark ODell alp du zwift 262 km 13906 1057 m Friday December 14 2018 Diego Chávez One day off 170 km 20049 263 m Friday December 14 2018 snowy Johnson Morning Ride 788 km 41028 726 m Saturday December 15 2018 Mark Paladino Afternoon Ride 341 km 12902 99 m Friday December 14 2018 Ferenc Bereczki 1012wk FTP Builder 2 x W1D1 461 km 15244 1036 m Friday December 14 2018 md childress MeatballrainRiDe 263 km 22356 90 m Friday December 14 2018 Christopher Andrews Morning Ride 567 km 23154 1107 m Saturday December 15 2018 Ricardo Alencar Primeiro pedal de Luciano com Ronaldo 205 km 21049 265 m Friday December 14 2018 Ruslan Timerbaev Ночной велозаезд 107 km 20227 109 m Friday December 14 2018 Clévison T 1752kcal 108153bpm 419 km 33912 716 m Friday December 14 2018 abelino NFG Zap 61996540909 Pedalada vespertina 62 km 14601 41 m Friday December 14 2018 Martin Casavant Innsbruck 40 km 80 min Insbrucking loop 4 laps still no legs 400 km 14158 334 m Friday December 14 2018 Telmar L Pedalada vespertina 556 km 23103 563 m Friday December 14 2018 Dave Heaton Quality 435 km 22628 189 m Saturday December 15 2018 Peter Cottrell Morning Ride 460 km 15558 540 m Saturday December 15 2018 Rodrigo Campos Pedalada vespertina 133 km 24230 237 m Friday December 14 2018 Scott S Lunch Ride 279 km 43410 624 m Friday December 14 2018 JEMMY BORBA Pedal com muito Barromuito vento 273 km 20926 285 m Friday December 14 2018 Travis Booth Paynes BBC2 and Home 802 km 35413 752 m Saturday December 15 2018 Frank van der Hul It always seems impossible until its done 481 km 15331 990 m Friday December 14 2018 Nuno Bernardino BTTestrada NOTURNO pelos arrabaldes 403 km 14939 452 m Friday December 14 2018 Jonathan Curry Great morning 759 km 32326 705 m Saturday December 15 2018 Josh D CRQ19 Training Redcliff Loop 1031 km 35720 857 m Saturday December 15 2018 David A Soggy spin 579 km 20808 329 m Saturday December 15 2018 Mario Nadolny Junior Pedalada vespertina 375 km 23559 554 m Friday December 14 2018 Kurt L Morning Ride 1047 km 42809 1086 m Saturday December 15 2018 Daniel R PR Memorial 902 km 43937 798 m Saturday December 15 2018 Juninho Surdo Pedalada vespertina 330 km 43645 624 m Friday December 14 2018 Phill Camenzuli Morning Ride 716 km 31838 619 m Saturday December 15 2018 Eric Pampalone Morning Ride 631 km 31156 114 m Saturday December 15 2018 Darren A Foggy disposition 940 km 31155 968 m Saturday December 15 2018 David Liu Casual Fashion Missed The Bunch Then Ride Alome 1296 km 52208 1171 m Saturday December 15 2018 Jose Luiz L Pedalada vespertina 489 km 25837 575 m Friday December 14 2018 Cristiano Forti Canastra Warriors Afternoon Ride 832 km 30243 852 m Friday December 14 2018 Momo H Sortie à vélo en soirée 402 km 42509 326 m Friday December 14 2018 Michael Hermann All the bridges 622 km 24544 255 m Friday December 14 2018 Davi Alves XCO Pq Ecológico 432 km 25422 836 m Friday December 14 2018 Greg Judin Pellathon 770 km 41906 881 m Saturday December 15 2018 Tom H Under zero 238 km 41804 137 m Friday December 14 2018 ️ Madd ️ D New Loop Try if you dare 501 km 33323 1996 m Friday December 14 2018 ️ Diogo R 20181214 5th GranFondo 122018 COMPLETED 1009 km 33728 2127 m Friday December 14 2018 Wollace S Pedalada vespertina de sexta feira 371 km 43659 347 m Friday December 14 2018 Roberto Z Actividad por la mañana 92 km 63251 80 m Friday December 14 2018 Gil Lavi Lunch Ride 594 km 51006 468 m Friday December 14 2018 Karen A Posada posada 31 km 75339 26 m Friday December 14 2018 Achyut Singh Seth Evening Ride 109 km 82039 105 m Friday December 14 2018 Mikael Flyer Morning Ride 848 km 112236 487 m Friday December 14 2018 Angelo Teleginski Turra Pedal taquari com grande irmão e Arysson 496 km 115831 784 m Friday December 14 2018 Ian Metcalfe Short Cold End Of The Week Commute 205 km 134736 161 m Friday December 14 2018 Michael Browne Friday Commute 875 km 142424 565 m Friday December 14 2018 View all of Chain Reaction Cycless activity on Strava Strava Chain Reaction Cycles Week of Dec 10 2018 Dec 16 2018 9358 Rides 2329394 km Distance 10216 h 9 m Time 1997362 m Elevation View all of Chain Reaction Cycless activity on Strava Chain Reaction Cycles Shop at Chain Reaction Cycles Like Us On Facebook Follow Us On Twitter Subscribe On YouTube Follow Us On Instagram Got a question Contact our editor News Buying Guides Riders Events Competitions Shop | [
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http://hub.salford.ac.uk/salfordpsych/2016/03/15/certain-mental-disorders-put-people-risk-radicalised/ | Home About Us Staff Alumni Blogs Study Activities Student activities Staff activities Contact Us Do certain mental disorders put people more at risk of being radicalised By coen_sharon Mar15 2016 by Dr Clare Allely Last year the Chief constable of Greater Manchester Police Sir Peter Fahy highlighted that many extremists are vulnerable individuals who are radicalised within weeks Mental health issues have been identified as a potential part of the path to radicalisation ONeill Simpson 2015 Although this is debatable as some research shows that mental health issues are not a key factor in the pathway to radicalisation However recognition of the potential for mental health issues to be part of the pathway and the research which supports this theory has led to the NHS now having a fulltime staff which focused on serving According to the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition DSMV Autism Spectrum Disorders ASDs are now characterised by 1 deficits in social communication and interaction and 2 restricted repetitive behaviours interests and activities RRBs There has been some recent media coverage of some cases of individuals with autism or Aspergers syndrome being targeted and recruited by terrorists Last year a Briton Kazi Islam 19 received an eight year jail sentence for training Harry Thomas also 19 who has been diagnosed with Aspergers syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD to be a terrorist Islam persuaded Harry Thomas to try to buy materials for a pipe bomb and to attack soldiers with a knife or meat cleaver Islams reported that his training with Thomas was motivated by Nicky Reilly who was another individual with Aspergers However research has shown that it is important to highlight that individuals with autism are no more likely to commit violent crime when compared to the general population Ghaziuddin et al 1991 Individuals with ASD are not at increased risk of offending has been found by more recent studies eg WoodburySmith Clare Holland and Kearns 2006 Mouridsen 2012 In fact some studies have even suggested that individuals with ASD may actually be less likely to commit violent crime Mouridsen Rich Isager Nedergaard 2008 and that the large majority of individuals with ASD are lawabiding Murrie et al 2002 WoodburySmith et al 2006 What some of these cases highlight is the need to protect vulnerable individuals from being targeted and recruited by terrorist groups Dr Zainab AlAttar a Senior Lecturer and CharteredRegistered Forensic Psychologist University of Central Lancashire also highlights that there is no empirical evidence to show that people on the autism spectrum are at increased risk of engaging in terrorist offences nor that autism is overrepresented in terrorist offenders Dr AlAttar also highlights the role played by autistic special interests fantasy obsessionality need for routinepredictability social and communication difficulties cognitive styles local coherence systemising and sensory processing in terrorism pathways and modus operandi AlAttar 2016 One recent case which provides some understanding as to the role played by autistic special interests is that of the Mark Alexander Harding 21 who was sentenced to 18 months probation for downloading copies of the terrorist magazines Inspire and Palestine which are created by the global terrorist group formerly headed by Osama bin Laden Harding had posted 5000 comments some supporting the socalled Islamic State on the internet forum 4Chan an Englishlanguage imageboard website containing hundreds of threads about numerous subject matters Additionally police also found that he has amassed on his computer a large number of images and Radicalisation may be a broad facet and impact any type of case There have also been some cases of individuals with Aspergers syndrome who have become involvedradicalised in extreme right wing XRW terrorism The case of Michael Piggin 18 who was diagnosed with Aspergers syndrome who pleaded guilty to creating numerous weaponry which included petrol bombs pipe bombs and air rifles but denied planning to use it in attacks on his former school a mosque and a cinema in Loughborough in the UK Piggin was initially arrested for an offence in which he allegedly threatened two boys with a knife It is important not to assume that autism is a risk factor for terrorism in the general population However when dealing with an individual with autism charged with terrorism it is important to consider how autism may have acted as a contextual vulnerability and to ensure justice rehabilitation and management are informed by an understanding of the individuals autism AlAttar 2016 Despite counterterrorism receiving substantial levels of attention and recognition as well as financial resource there has been much less interest in investigating the effectiveness of interventions which are preventative Bhui Warfa Jones 2014 AlAttar Z 2016 Autism Terrorism Links Fact or Fiction 15th International Conference on the Care and Treatment of Offenders with an Intellectual andor Developmental Disability National Autistic Society 1920th April 2016 Bhui K Warfa N Jones E 2014 Is violent radicalisation associated with poverty migration poor selfreported health and common mental disorders PloS one 93 e90718 Ghaziuddin M Tsai L Ghaziuddin N 1991 Brief report Violence in Asperger syndromeA critique Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 21 349354 HM Government 2015 Revised Prevent Duty Guidance for England and Wales Guidance for specified authorities in England and Wales on the duty in the CounterTerrorism and Security Act 2015 to have due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism Can be accessed from this link httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile4459773799_Revised_Prevent_Duty_Guidance__England_Wales_V2Interactivepdf Lowbridge C 2014 How did Michael Piggin become radicalised BBC News Can be accessed from this link httpwwwbbccouknewsukenglandleicestershire27328590 Mouridsen S E 2012 Current status of research on autism spectrum disorders and offending Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 61 7986 Mouridsen S E Rich B Isager T Nedergaard N J 2008 Pervasive developmental disorders and criminal behaviour A case control study International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 52 196205 Murrie C Warren I 2002 Aspergers syndrome in forensic settings International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 11 5970 ONeill S Simpson J 2015 Mental health link to extremism The Times Article can be accessed httpwwwthetimescoukttonewsukcrimearticle4560532ece WoodburySmith M R Clare I C H Holland A J Kearns A 2006 High functioning autistic spectrum disorders offending and other lawbreaking findings from a community sample The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology 171 108120 Posted in learning Leave a comment | [
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http://hub.unlock.org.uk/knowledgebase/getting-property-back-police/ | Getting property back from the police This page is for information only . We are unable to provide advice on this . For reasons why , click here + Click here for the index of this page Aim of this information This information sets out the general procedure for getting property back from the Police . For more detailed information of the process of a specific Police Force , you should contact either the Police Headquarters for that area or the station where you were arrested . Why is this important There are many people who have their property taken away from them when they are arrested by the Police . People often think that they will never be able to get that property back and this information looks at how they may be able to . How property is retained by the Police When arrested and / or subject to a police investigation , you may have property confiscated from you which is then held by the police on your behalf . When the Police investigate criminal offences , they are give wide ranging powers to seize property they believe is relevant to the investigation . This is principally done under s . 19 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 ( PACE 84 ) . General power of seizure etc . ( 1 ) The powers conferred by subsections ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) below are exercisable by a constable who is lawfully on any premises . ( 2 ) The constable may seize anything which is on the premises if he has reasonable grounds for believing — ( a ) that it has been obtained in consequence of the commission of an offence ; and ( b ) that it is necessary to seize it in order to prevent it being concealed , lost , damaged , altered or destroyed . ( 3 ) The constable may seize anything which is on the premises if he has reasonable grounds for believing — ( a ) that it is evidence in relation to an offence which he is investigating or any other offence ; and ( b ) that it is necessary to seize it in order to prevent the evidence being concealed , lost , altered or destroyed . In simple terms , if the Officer believes that something is relevant to the investigation then he will no doubt seize it . If you are charged with an offence a decision will then be made as to whether that item becomes a ‘ Used ’ exhibit or an ‘ unused ’ exhibit . If it is ‘ used ’ then it means the Prosecution will rely on it at trial in your case . If ‘ unused ’ then the Prosecution are not relying on it as evidence in the case . Basically , if the officer thinks that something is relevant to the investigation , then he will seize it . Getting this property back , either whilst you are in custody or once the proceedings that relate to why the property was confiscated have taken place , can be difficult . If your property is confiscated it is usually held at the holding / arresting police station until the matter has been dealt with . Once the officer in charge of the case feels that your property is no longer needed , an officer should inform you that your property is ready for collection . There are two types of property that may be taken from you when you are arrested The property in your possession when arrested ( e.g. coins , watch , lighter , wallet ) – any property which is not believed to be of evidential value ( and is not an illegal item or substance ) . This should be returned to you when you leave custody . Property you own which is of interest to the investigation ( e.g. a computer , a large sum of cash , trainers or kitchen knives ) . This will be retained until the investigation / process is complete . Getting your property back If you have had property seized by the police ( other than money or cash ) then there naturally becomes a point when that property is no longer required under PACE 1984 . You wo n ’ t necessarily be able to recover all your property ( e.g. drugs , knives , guns etc ) – some will be forfeited and destroyed . If you had money or cash seized , the rules and regulations are incredibly complicated , and you are probably best speaking to a solicitor about what to do . Although the policy of returning property may vary depending on the police force , there is a general process that the Police will use . This usually involves you being notified by them , often in writing , stating that your property can be collected and where you need to go for it . However , there are some points that you need to know before getting your property back : - The property can not be returned to you until the officer in charge of the case has authorised it for release . The police can keep relevant property until a case has been resolved and in some cases they can keep it after conviction ( in case of a hearing relating to the confiscation of any illegal assets , or a possible appeal in some circumstances ) . The police will hold your property until all relevant matters have been dealt with . Once the letter of authorisation has been sent to you the general procedure is for them to wait 28 days for you to collect your property or for a response either by telephone or in writing . If you want to make some enquiries as to whether you can collect your property , you will need to speak to the officer in charge of the case . If you have been notified to collect your property and fail to do so then after a certain amount of time ( often 28 days , but may vary from force to force ) , the property will be disposed of , either destroyed or sold at auction . If the Police are disputing your ownership of the property in question , then you may have to prove it is yours . Whilst this can easily be done if you have receipts , if you have n ’ t got these then you have have to think more creatively – perhaps you have photographs of you with the property . If the Police still will not return your belongings then you may need to contact a Solicitor or a Barrister . They should be able to give you initial advice as to whether or not you can , in law , recover your property and what steps you will need to take . You may need to bring an action under the Police Property Act 1897 to ask the Magistrates ’ Court to compel the Police to return your belongings . If you are not charged If you are not charged but the police are still investigating the case , property is dealt with in the same was as if you were charged and released , when the officer in charge authorises it . If you are not charged , but you have a Co - defendant / s and some of your property is needed for their case it will continue to be held until the case is closed and the officer in charge authorises it for release . After you are convicted / sentenced After you have been convicted / sentenced , once the case has been closed with no outstanding issues you should be given all items which were on your person at the station at the court or be told to attend the station to collect your property . If you are in prison If while in custody your property is no longer needed by the Police you should be sent a letter of notification listing what property is being released . This letter can either be sent to the prison or your address at the time of arrest . When you are sentenced , the Home Office should be told of the outcome and if detained which prison you have been sent to . This property should be forwarded onto the prison where you are currently being held . The Home Office will usually cover the postage costs . For items that are too large to post ( e.g. car , computer , house ) , the item / s will remain at the station or holding centre until your released . This is so long as you make contact with the police force in charge and there is no other option for collection . You should try to make it clear when you will be in a position to collect your property . In custody , you will not be able to collect your property from the station yourself . With this in mind , the police should allow you to use alternative options . You can write a letter to the station addressed to the officer in charge stating who you are giving permission to collect your property . You must also write a letter to the person collecting the property , giving them permission , and they must bring this letter and some form of ID with them when they go to collect your property . You can have the property posted to an address different to the prison so long as you inform them of this within a set time frame ( usually 28 days ) . This may vary from force to force . Some police forces will hold the property in the arresting station until it is claimed . However , it is worth noting that they will likely have a process of disposal after a certain amount of time . Most police stations in London will hold property for around 6 months , after which it will be moved to a main property holding centre within the arresting borough . Addresses for the holding centres are only available directly from local stations . Contact numbers and addresses for each Police force are available from their website . You can get details of the various forces from the here Do not know the officer in charge of your case ? If you do not know the details of the officer in charge you will need to provide the relevant Police force with as much information as possible about your case . The following information would be useful : - Full name Date of birth Date arrested Reason for arrest / charges Station detained in This page is for information only . We are unable to provide advice on this . Comments below have been disabled and will not be published . For reasons why , click here | [
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http://hubblesite.org/reference_desk/faq/all.php.cat=cosmology | Frequently Asked Questions How old is the universe The best available information indicates that the age of the universe is 137 billion years Hubble has helped to measure the age of the universe using two different methods The first method involves measuring the speeds and distances of galaxies Because all of the galaxies in the universe are generally moving apart we infer that they must all have been much closer together sometime in the past Knowing the current speeds and distances to galaxies coupled with the rate at which the universe is accelerating allows us to calculate how long it took for them to reach their current locations How big is the universe We can observe only a portion of the entire universe Because the universe is only about 14 billion years old light has only had about 14 billion years to travel through it Therefore the most distant regions of the universe we can see are about 14 billion lightyears away This is the extent of the observable universe but the entire universe is probably much larger It could even extend infinitely in all directions In what sense is the universe expanding We live in an expanding universe All of the galaxies vast collections of stars similar to but outside of our own Milky Way galaxy that populate the universe including our Milky Way are moving away from each other How quickly galaxies move away from one another depends on their relative distance From our viewpoint the farther away another galaxy is the faster it moves away from us This is called the Hubble Law after the American astronomer Edwin Hubble who discovered the cosmic expansion in the late 1920s from the 100inch Hooker Telescope on Mount Wilson near Pasadena CA Although we see galaxies moving away from us in all directions this does not mean that our galaxy is in the center of some sort of explosion observers in other galaxies would see the same thing It only means that the space between all galaxies is growing larger Here is a simple example to help you understand the expansion of the universe Take an uninflated balloon and cover it with dots Each point represents a galaxy When you inflate the balloon the points move away from one another Notice that no matter which point you choose to represent your location all points move away from it Even though the balloon is stretching uniformly dots separated by a greater distance move away from each other at a faster speed the velocity is proportional to the distance This is the Hubble Law It happens everywhere on the balloon and in our universe How do we know that galaxies are moving away from ours It isnt because we see them getting smallerthey dont move that fast But we observe the frequency of the light from these galaxies and hence their color is being shifted to the red end of the spectrum much as the pitch of a siren atop an ambulance shifts lower as the ambulance moves away from you The amount of this shift can be measured and this number is called the redshift The Hubble Space Telescope has contributed to measurements of the expansion of the universe Find out more about the expansion of the universe from HubbleSite Find out more about the expansion of the universe from NewsCenter Hubble Space Telescope on Track for Measuring the Expansion Rate of the Universe Hubble Completes EightYear Effort to Measure Expanding Universe FarFlung Supernovae Shed Light on Dark Universe What are some of the key findings learned from the Hubble Deep Field image In the document titled Summary of Key Findings from the Hubble Deep Field you will find information under these headings Small Galaxies in the Early Universe Open versus Closed Universe Disturbed Galaxies Stellar Baby Boom In Search of Hidden Stars Missing Mass Still Missing This document can be found at httphubblesiteorgnewscenternewsdeskarchivereleases199841astrofile2 HubbleSite and STScI are not responsible for content found outside of hubblesiteorg and stsciedu Return to question list for Cosmology Return to FAQ home | [
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http://huckleberry.pbworks.com/w/page/19685558/Chapter%2016 | If you are citizen of an European Union member nation you may not use this service unless you are at least 16 years old View Chapter 16 Page history last edited by PBworks 11 years ago Group Members Stephanie Shaykin MICHAL SARKOWICZ Matt Lohens Chapter 16 Overview Plot Summary Jim and Huck wonder if they will be able to tell when they get to Cairo Huck thinks they wont be able to tell and Jim thought that if the two rivers joined then they would know Jim also says that if they come upon the town hell be a free man but if they dont hell still be in slave country Every onceinawhile Jim calls out Dah she is but it doesnt seem to be Cairo They both get anxious because theyre so close to freedom Huck feels torn between letting Jim escape to freedom and giving him back to his owner He feels that he is to blame for all of it Jim and Huck run in to some men that are searching for an escaped slave Huck didnt know whether it was right to give Jim up or not to give Jim up Before this Huck made up his mind when Huck hears Jim say that Huck is his only friend and the only one to keep a promise to him So Huck tricks them into believing that his familly is down there and they all have smallpox The men belive it and feel bad for Huck so they give him 40 dollars in gold After passing several towns Jim and Characters Huck In this chapter Huck contemplates turning Jim in He feels regretful letting Jim escape from his rightful owner Huck eventually gives in because their friendship prevails and saves Jim Hes distrustful he speaks his mind and has its own thinking Jim Through the chapter Jim is hopeful to find Cairo hes anticipating being free and being with his whole family one day He is thankful for Huck helping him and counts on Huck more than ever Context Historical andor Cultural During the time that the book took place it was not very common for a black and white person to befriend one another In fact it would have probably been looked upon as unethical and would probably have gotten someone in trouble especially in the south This is why we see Huck comprehend the fact that hes actually helping a runaway slave This explains why Huck feels absolutely sick when he feels guilty about helping Jim Its also not uncommon to feel guilty about taking the owners property Its was the same feeling as if you stole someones dog Important Quotes Quote 1 Jim said it made him all over trembly and feverish to be so close to freedom Well I cantell you it made me all over trembly and feverish too to hear him because I begun to get it through myhead that he WAS most free and who was to blame for it Why ME I couldnt get that out of my conscience no how nor no way It got to troubling me so I couldnt rest I couldnt stay still in one place It hadnt ever come home to me before what this thing was that I was doing But now it did and it stayed with me and scorched me more and more Huck was nervous because he didnt realize that he was helping Jim escape to freedom Then he started feeling regret because he wasnt supposed to be doing that He explained that he couldnt get it off his mind He was full of agony and felt like what he was doing was the worst thing he could possibly do Quote 2 Pooty soon Ill be ashoutn for joy en Ill say its all on accounts o Huck Is a free man en I couldnt ever ben free ef it hadn ben for Huck Huckdone it Jim wont ever forgit you Huck yous de bes fren Jims ever had en yous de ONLY fren ole Jims got now This is a path of realization for Huck He always thought of Jim as an item more than a person This leads the way for Huck to have a little more sympathy for Jim Huck may not even realize it yet Quote 3 What had poor Miss Watson done to you that you could see her nigger go off right under your eyes and never say one single word What did that poor old woman do to you that you could treat her so mean Why she tried to learn you your book she tried to learn you your manners she tried to be good to you every way she knowed how THATS what she done In this quote Huck is about thinking what is the right thing to do turn Jim in or not turn him in Quote 4 Give a nigger an inch and hell take an ell Huck is still debating whether Jim is deserving enough to be free Back then they believed that Black people were property and not people so this was uncommon the talk like this even if it is offending to people today Quote 5 Boy thats a lie What IS the matter with your pap Answer up square now and itll be the better for you This quotes trying to say that lying will not get you anywhere because sooner or later the truth will come out Quote 6 Literary Criticism Jim is a gentle and loyal person he is not vengeful he does not hate he can not cheat or trick another He fears and evades violence but he does not commit violenceas do so many of the characters in this book whether as individuals or with the clan or mob His most memorable speeches are characterized by an open honesty and a deep capacity for unselfish loveFrances V Brownell The Role of Jim in Huckleberry Finn in Boston Studies in English Vol 1 1955 pp 7483 This piece goes on further to explain that this is the voice of love that Huck hears When everyone else is bringing him down upsetting him Jim is the voice of reason in a world gone mad Jim is the innocence in the book He has a goal and wants to attain his freedom like most runaway slaves at the time Printable version To join this workspace request access Already have an account Navigator Loading Pages Files SideBar This is your Sidebar Put links and content here | [
"Chapter 16"
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http://hudabeauty.com/2013/10/07/can-you-guess-what-drink-makes-your-hair-grow-fast/ | Mon , 7 Oct 2013 Can You Guess What Drink Makes Your Hair Grow FAST ! by hudabeauty in DIY - NATURAL hair NATURAL BEAUTY | HAIR By Huda Heidi Kattan I love those SUPER easy beauty remedies that you already have ALLLL the ingredients for at home , but do n ’ t even realize it ! This one happens to be incredibly powerful ! Okay , we all know Green Tea has super powerful beautifying affects for your skin and weight loss , but actually applying it topically is one of the best things you can do to promote hair growth ! Our bodies naturally product Dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) , which is a male hormone that actually leads to balding / hair loss and Green Tea inhibits this hormone ! So drinking it as well as using it as a rinse , seriously can help your scalp encourage more hair growth ! All you need to do , is take some green tea bags and put them in hot water , let it sit for at least 4 hours , then wash and condition your hair as usual ! Then , rinse with the green tea and voila ! You definitely will need some time to see this take affect , but after about a month of consistent use , I did notice thicker hair . Popular Posts This Will Change The Way You Use Perfume , Forever ! The Essential Skincare Products Every Routine Needs My Fave DIY Acne Face Mask ! 5 Skincare Rules Everyone Should Know This New Beauty Oil Is The Answer To All Your Skin Problems Hair Removal 101 : The Best Ways To Remove Unwanted Hair For Summer Product Reveal : Our New Metallic Power Bullet Collection 10 Things I Wish I Knew Before I Had Lip Fillers These Are The Hairstyles That ’ ll Flatter Your Face The Best If You Believe These SPF Myths , You ’ re In BIG Trouble Everything You Need To Know About Pores 8 Inspiring Celebs Redefining Beauty Standards These 2 Small Changes Had A Major Impact On My Skin 6 Products We Swear By For Taming Frizzy Hair 9 Beauty ‘ Myths ’ & Tricks That Actually Work 5 Things You Did n ’ t Know Will Make Your Hair Look SO Much Thicker We Found A $ 20 Dupe For This $ 230 Cult Beauty Tool 9 Ways To Make Your Eyes Look SO Much Bigger ! These 5 Diet Myths Are Why You ’ re Not Seeing Results If This Is Missing From Your Diet , Your Glow Game Will Suffer These 6 Mistakes You Make In The Shower Are Ruining Your Skin 9 Weird AF Celebrity Beauty Hacks That Actually Work People Who Know This Skincare Rule Have The Best Skin What ’ s Your KAYALI Scent ? See What Your Fragrance Says About You ! 5 Tips For Figuring Out Your Undertone And Finding Your Ultimate Foundation Match Beauty 101 : How To Layer Your Skincare – The Right Way 5 Things You Should Never Do To Your Skin How To FINALLY Get Rid Of Booty Spots What ’ s Your Beauty IQ : Are You A Beauty Pro Or A Beauty Newbie ? How To Choose The Sexiest Wing To Flatter Your Eyes 8 Makeup Hacks To Make Your Lips Look Bigger 7 Makeup Mistakes You Need To Avoid These 5 K - Beauty Rules Are The Secret To Glass Skin 3 Things I Do To Get Rid Of Dandruff How To Contour To Flatter Your Face Shape These Miracle Skincare Ingredients Are Already In Your Kitchen 5 Things We Wish We Knew Before We Got Lash Extensions Baking 101 : How to Bake Your Face Like A Pro | [
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http://huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/11/american-idol-ending_n_7255858.html | ENTERTAINMENT 05 / 11 / 2015 08 : 25 am ET Updated May 12 , 2015 ‘ American Idol ’ Ending After Season 15 ( UPDATE ) By Jessica Goodman UPDATE : Fox executives explained the network ’ s decision to cancel “ American Idol ” after its fifteenth season on a conference call with industry reporters on Monday . According to EW , Fox Co - Chairman / Co - CEO Gary Newman said , “ You know , it was not an easy decision . ‘ American Idol ’ has been such a vital part of Fox for its run and we spent a lot of time talking with producers about the future of ‘ American Idol ’ and collectively we arrived at the conclusion that it was time to bring the show to an end . ” Newman and other Co - Chairman / Co - CEO Dana Walden emphasized the celebratory aspect of the show ’ s final season and Newman called it a “ true season - long celebration . ” He said , “ We ’ re already talking about surprises we can have for the fans to make it feel special and make send it off that makes it as significant as the run it ’ s had on our network . ” EARLIER : Fox has just ushered in the end of an era . The network announced on Monday that the forthcoming season of “ American Idol ” will be the show ’ s last . “ American Idol ” Season 15 will begin airing in January 2016 and will feature longtime host Ryan Seacrest and current judges Jennifer Lopez , Keith Urban and Harry Connick , Jr . The final episodes will pay tribute to past contestants , winners and fans throughout the season , serving as a “ celebratory event . ” “ American Idol ” has been a staple in Fox ’ s lineup since it debuted in 2002 with original judges Simon Cowell , Paula Abdul and Randy Jackson . Other famous judges have included Mariah Carey , Nicki Minaj and Steven Tyler . It was also the major launching pad for Seacrest , whose face became a fixture on TV , and dozens of singers including Carrie Underwood , Jennifer Hudson , Kelly Clarkson , Jordin Sparks , Phillip Phillips , Adam Lambert , Chris Daughtry and Katharine McPhee . Last season , the show was paired with ratings megahit “ Empire , ” and on the first night without the show , “ Idol ” dropped 26 percent in the ratings BEFORE YOU GO PHOTO GALLERY 13 Best ‘ American Idol ’ Performances Ever MORE : Entertainment Brief American Idol Final Season Entertainment American Idol Fox American Idol ‘ American Idol ’ Ending After Season 15 ( UPDATE ) CONVERSATIONS | [
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http://hulseyaplit.weebly.com/ap-literary-discussion/grendel-ultimate-existentialist | Hulsey AP Literature AP Literary Discussion 11TH AP Literary Discussion 10th AP Literary Discussion AP Reading Choice List AP PreAP Summer Reading Syllabus Week in Review MOZART MONDAY AP CP Historical Relevance Grendel ultimate existentialist 1122013 13 Comments Time to analyze the oh so lovable foul mouthed terribly sarcastic monster Is he as some believe the ultimate representation of the existentialist Feel free to explore the following in your theoretical analysis Grendels journey through the philosophies as stated in your packetor Grendels journey through the facets of existentialism each chapter Grendels fear of falling into the realm of nihilismor did he fear it And if he fell would he then be an existentialist who gave up Would this have been a better fate The theory of existentialism in generalis it truly something we are able to categorize or is it instead a journey into another category Be yourselves but use support Your post due by Sunday 6 PM respond to someone else by Monday 6 PM Calendars coming soon check back 13 Comments Author Hulsey TCHS 12th AP Lit Archives June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 Categories All | [
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http://humanmotion.rutgers.edu/ | 3 rd Workshop on HUMAN MOTION Understanding , Modeling , Capture and Animation Hersonissos Heraklion Crete Greece September 10 , 2010 In Conjunction with ECCV 2010 Organizers : Ahmed Elgammal , Rutgers University , USA - - elgammal ( at ) cs . rutgers . edu Bodo Rosenhahn , Leibniz University of Hannover - - rosenhahn ( at ) tnt . uni - hannover . de Leonid Sigal , Disney Research Pittsburgh , USA lsigal ( at ) disneyresearch . com Workshop Program Important Dates : Paper Submission : June 21 st 2010 ( To Accommodate CVPR attendee , the submission deadline was extended till the 21 st Notification : July 8 th , 2010 – July 12 th 2010 Camera ready version : July 15 Workshop Date : September 10 , 2010 Paper Submission : Paper should submitted through the submission web site Publication : The workshop proceeding will be published as a volume in Springer ' s Lecture Notes in Computer Science ( LNCS ) at the time of the workshop . Workshop Goals : Modeling , tracking and understanding of human motion based on image sequences ( such as video ) is a field of research of increasing importance with applications in sports sciences , medicine , biomechanics , animation ( avatars ) , surveillance , and so forth . Progress in human motion analysis depends on research in computer graphics , computer vision and biomechanics . Though these fields of research are often treated separately , human motion analysis requires an interaction of computer graphics with computer vision , which also benefits from an understanding of biomechanic constraints . Eadweard Muybridge ( 1830 - 1904 ) is known as the pioneer in motion capturing with his famous experiments in 1887 called Animal Locomotion ' ' ( Do all feet leave the ground during the gallop of a horse ? He used photography to answer the question . ) The field of animal or human motion analysis has developed into many directions since then . However , human - like animation and recovery of motion is still far from being satisfactory . Various groups are dealing with different aspects of modeling , estimation and animation of human motions . Motivations differ sports movement optimization ( ski or high jumping , golf playing , swimming , etc . ) , the animation of avatars in movies ( e.g. Gollum in Lord of the Rings ) , or the realistic character animation in computer games . The goal of this workshop is to encourage interaction and to post collaboration between researches in computer vision , animation , and biomechanics . New results and specific research strategies will be discussed at the workshop to approach this highly complex field . The intention is to discuss theoretical fundamentals related to those issues and to specify open problems and major directions of further development in the field of human motion related to computer vision , computer graphics or biomechanics . The workshop encourages interdisciplinary ( vision + graphics , biomechanics + vision , etc . ) contributions . Workshop History : The 1st issue of this workshop took place in June 2006 at Dagstuhl / Germany , co - chaired by B . Rosenhahn , D . Metaxas , and R . Klette . As a result of the first workshop a book was published titled “ Human Motion - Understanding , Modeling , Capture and Animation ” , Springer Computational Imaging Series , 2007 . ISBN : 1402066929 . The 2 nd issue of this workshop took place in October 2007 , in association with ICCV 2007 co - chaired by A . Elgammal , B . , and R . Klette . The 2 nd workshop proceeding was published as volume number 4814 in Springer ' s Lecture Notes in Computer Science ( LNCS ) at the time of the workshop . Topics : Paper submissions are solicited in the following topics 2D or 3D Tracking Modeling and Animation Biomechanics Learning and Recognition of Human Actions Motion Capture Benchmarking Sensor fusion for human motion estimation ( e.g. , using cameras , structured lighting , or a laser range scanner ) . Further subjects are possible as long as in the general field of the workshop . Papers should describe original and unpublished work about the above or closely related topics . Each paper will receive 3 double blind reviews , which will then be moderated by the workshop chairs Program Committee : Thomas Brox ( UC Berkeley ) Stefan Carlsson ( KTH ) Rama Chellappa ( U . of Maryland ) Vittorio Ferrari ( ETH Zurich ) Bob Fisher ( U . of Edinburgh ) David Fleet ( U . of Toronto ) David Forsyth ( UIUC ) Adrian Hilton ( U . of Surrey ) Vaclav Hlavac ( Czech Technical University ) Atsushi Imiya ( Chiba University ) Reinhard ( U . of Auckland ) Nadia Magnenat - Thalmann ( U . of Geneva ) Dimitris Metaxas ( Rutgers University ) Thomas Moeslund ( Aalborg University ) Greg Mori ( Simon Fraser University ) Meinard Muller ( MPI ) Fatih Porikli ( MERL ) Stan Sclaroff ( Boston University ) Josephine Sullivan ( KTH ) Cristian Sminchisescu ( U . Bonn ) Christian Theobalt ( MPI ) Matthew Turk ( UC Santa Barbara ) Raquel Urtasun ( TTI ) Katsu Yamane ( Disney Research ) Jian Zhang ( Purdue ) | [
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http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics/one-species-living-worldwide | Home Human Evolution Evidence Genetics » One Species , Living Worldwide One Species , Living Worldwide Page last updated : January 15 , 2019 Behavior Human Fossils 3D Collection Genetics Human Skin Color Variation Ancient DNA and Neanderthals One Species , Living Worldwide Dating Timeline Interactive Human Family Tree Snapshots in Time | [
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http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-anamensis | Home Human Evolution Evidence Human Fossils Species Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus anamensis Where Lived Eastern Africa Lake Turkana Kenya and Middle Awash Ethiopia When Lived About 42 to 39 million years ago Australopithecus anamensis has a combination of traits found in both apes and humans The upper end of the tibia shin bone shows an expanded area of bone and a humanlike orientation of the ankle joint indicative of regular bipedal walking support of body weight on one leg at the time Long forearms and features of the wrist bones suggest these individuals probably climbed trees as well Year of Discovery 1995 History of Discovery In 1965 a research team led by Bryan Patterson from Harvard University discovered a single arm bone KNMKP 271 of an early human at the site of Kanapoi in northern Kenya But without additional human fossils Patterson could not confidently identify the species to which it belonged In 1994 a research team led by paleoanthropologist Meave Leakey found numerous teeth and fragments of bone at the same site Leakey and her colleagues determined that the fossils were those of a very primitive hominin and they named a new species called Australopithecus anamensis anam means lake in the Turkana lanaguage Researchers have since found other Au anamensis fossils at nearby sites including Allia Bay all of which date between about 42 million and 39 million years old We dont know everything about our early ancestorsbut we keep learning more Paleoanthropologists are constantly in the field excavating new areas with groundbreaking technology and continually filling in some of the gaps about our understanding of human evolution Below are some of the still unanswered questions about Australopithecus anamensis that may be answered with future discoveries Is Au anamensis a separate species from Au afarensis Many scientists think the fossil material of Au anamensis and Au afarensis represents a single lineage that evolved through time Is Au amanensis a direct descendant of the 44 million year old species Ardipithecus ramidus First paper Leakey MG Feibel CS McDougall I Walker A 1995 New fourmillionyearold hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay Kenya Nature 376565571 Other recommended reading Leakey MG Feibel CS McDougall I Ward C Walker A 1998 New specimens and confirmation of an early age for Australopithecus anamensis Nature 393 6266 Ward C Leakey M Walker A 1999 The new hominid species Australopithecus anamensis Evolutionary Anthropology 7 197205 White TD WoldeGabriel G AsfawB Ambrose S Beyene Y Bernor RL Boisserie JR Currie B Gilbert H HaileSelassie Y Hart WK Hlusko LJ Howell FC Kono RT Lehmann T Louchart A Lovejoy CO Renne PR Saegusa H Vrba ES Wesselman H Suwa G 2006 Asa Issie Aramis and the origin of Australopithecus Nature 440 883889 How They Survived Australopithecus anamensis individuals had thicklybuilt long narrow jaws with their side rows of teeth arranged in parallel lines Their strong jaws combined with heavily enameled teeth suggest Au anamensis individuals may at times have eaten hard abrasive foods but they likely were planteaters in general relying on both fruits and tough foods such as nuts The sites where remains of Au anamensis have been found were forests and woodlands that grew around lakes Evolutionary Tree Information Jaw remains suggest that this species was the direct ancestor of Australopithecus afarensis and possibly the direct descendent of a species of Ardipithecus KNMKP 29285 A team led by Meave Leakey found the A anamensis type specimen mandible KNMKP 29281 in Kenya in 1994 In 2006 Tim Whites team found A anamensis fossils in the Middle Awash Ethiopia including the largest hominin canine yet discovered and the earliest Australopithecus femur Want to read about the tibia shin bone KNMKP 29285 Read more about this fossil Read more about this fossil Page last updated August 24 2018 Behavior Human Fossils Species Australopithecus anamensis Fossils Mystery Skull Interactive Shanidar 3 Neanderthal Skeleton 3D Collection Genetics Dating Timeline Interactive Human Family Tree Snapshots in Time | [
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http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-sapiens | Home Human Evolution Evidence Human Fossils Species » Homo sapiens Homo sapiens Homo sapiens Where Lived : Evolved in Africa , now worldwide When Lived : About 300,000 years ago to present The species that you and all other living human beings on this planet belong to is . During a time of dramatic climate change 300,000 years ago , evolved in Africa . Like other early humans that were living at this time , they gathered and hunted food , and evolved behaviors that helped them respond to the challenges of survival in unstable environments . Anatomically , modern humans can generally be characterized by the lighter build of their skeletons compared to earlier humans . Modern humans have very large brains , which vary in size from population to population and between males and females , but the average size is approximately 1300 cubic centimeters . Housing this big brain involved the reorganization of the skull into what is thought of as " modern " - - a thin - walled , high vaulted skull with a flat and near vertical forehead . Modern human faces also show much less ( if any ) of Scientists sometimes use the term “ anatomically modern Homo sapiens ” to refer to members of our own species who lived during prehistoric times . History of Discovery : Unlike every other human species Homo sapiens does not have a true type specimen . In other words , there is not a particular Homo sapiens individual that researchers recognize as being the specimen that gave its name . Even though Linnaeus first described our species in 1758 , it was not customary at that time to designate type specimens . It is rumored that in 1994 paleontologist Robert Bakker formally declared the skull of Edward Drinker Cope as the “ lectotype ” , a specimen essentially serving as the type specimen . When Cope , himself a great paleontologist , died in 1897 , he willed his remains to science , and they are held by the University of Pennsylvania . But a type specimen must be one examined by the original author who names We do n ’ t know everything about our own species — but we keep learning more ! Through studies of fossils , genetics , behavior , and biology of modern humans , we continue to learn more about who we are . Below are some of the still unanswered questions about Homo sapiens that may be answered with future discoveries : Who was our direct evolutionary ancestor ? Was it Homo heidelbergensis , like many paleoanthropologists think , or another species ? How much interbreeding occured between our species and Homo neanderthalensis ? What does the future hold for our species in an evolutionary sense ? Recommended readings : McBrearty , S . , Brooks , A . , 2000 . The revolution that was n ' t : a new interpretation of the origin of modern humans . Journal of Human Evolution 39 , 453 - 563 . Henshilwood , C.S. , Marean , C.W. , 2003 . The origin of modern human behavior : critique of the models and their test implications . Current Anthropology 44 , 627 - 651 . How They Survived : Prehistoric not only made and used stone tools , they also specialized them and made a variety of smaller , more complex , refined and specialized tools including composite stone tools , fishhooks and harpoons , bows and arrows , spear throwers and sewing needles . For millions of years all humans , early and modern alike , had to find their own food . They spent a large part of each day gathering plants and hunting or scavenging animals . By 164,000 years ago modern humans were collecting and cooking shellfish and by 90,000 years ago modern humans had begun making special fishing tools . Then , within just the past 12,000 years , our , made the transition to producing food and changing our surroundings . Humans found they could control the growth and breeding of certain plants and animals . This discovery led to farming and herding animals , activities that transformed Earth ’ s natural landscapes — first locally , then globally . As humans invested more time in producing food , they settled down . Villages became towns , and towns became cities . With more food available , the human population began to increase dramatically . Our species had been so successful that it has inadvertently created a turning point Modern humans evolved a unique combination of physical and behavioral characteristics , many of which other early human species also possessed , though not to the same degree . The complex brains of modern humans enabled them to interact with each other and with their surroundings in new and different ways . As the environment became more unpredictable , bigger brains helped our ancestors survive . They made specialized tools , and use tools to make other tools , as described above ; they ate a variety of animal and plant foods ; they had control over fire ; they Evolutionary Tree Information : Fossils and DNA confirm humans are one of more than 200 belonging to the order of Primates . Within that larger group , humans are nested within the great ape family . Although we did not evolve from any of the apes living today , we share characteristics with chimpanzees , gorillas , and orangutans ( the great apes ) , as well as other apes . We most likely evolved from Homo heidelbergensis , the common ancestor we share with Neanderthals , who are our closest extinct relatives . Cro - Magnon 1 Cro - Magnon 1 is a middle - aged , male skeleton of one of the first modern human fossils ever found , at Cro - Magnon , France in 1868 . Scientists estimate his age at death at less than 50 years old . Except for the teeth , his skull is complete , though the bones in his face are noticeably pitted from a fungal infection . Read more about this fossil . Skhūl V Skhūl V was recovered from the Skhūl Cave near Mount Carmel , Israel , along with the skeletons of nine other adults and children . Some anatomical features , like the brow ridges and occipital bun of the male Skhūl V skull are reminiscent of earlier humans ; however , Skhūl V also has the high , vertical forehead and rounded skull typical of modern human skulls . Read more about this fossil . Page last updated : August 24 , 2018 Behavior Human Fossils Species Fossils Mystery Skull Interactive Shanidar 3 - Neanderthal Skeleton 3D Collection Genetics Dating Timeline Interactive Human Family Tree Snapshots in Time | [
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http://humanresources.about.com/od/job-titles/f/Chief-Executive-Officer-Ceo-Do.htm | Career Advice Job Titles What Does a Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) Do ? • • • By Susan M . Heathfield Updated November 11 , 2018 The job duties of a Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) in a company or organization vary depending on the organization ' s mission , product , goals , and operational needs to stay profitable . Duties also vary depending on the size of the organization and the number of employees , among other factors . The CEO is always the highest - ranking executive manager in an organization and has responsibility for the overall success of the organization , and is the ultimate decision - maker . s for an organization . And , while the daily tasks of each Chief Executive vary , it is the overall vision of the position that provides the framework for the functionality of all departments . The Overall Framework for the CEO ' s Role The CEO has overall responsibility for creating , planning , implementing , and integrating the strategic direction of an organization . This includes responsibility for all components and departments of a business . As with any level of management in an organization , the CEO ' s role starts with the fundamental job responsibilities of a manager It is also the responsibility of the CEO to ensure that the organization ' s leadership maintains constant awareness of both the external and internal competitive landscape , opportunities for expansion , customer base , markets , new industry developments and standards , and so forth . Board of Directors In a typical corporation , the CEO reports to the Board of Directors or in some non - profit settings , such as state government , the CEO may head up an agency or department and report to the office of the governor . The CEO will always serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors . The CEO may also own the business , and may have founded the business , so his or her commitment to the business is significant . They may also own a significant portion of the company or its stock . In these cases , a Board of Directors may exist , but its authority is nominal and advisory to the CEO . General Responsibilities of a CEO Whether the top person is both the president and CEO or just the CEO , he or she is the top person in charge of an organization and has specific responsibilities depending on the needs of the organization . In general , these responsibilities include : Hugo Lin . © The Balance 2018 Creating , communicating , and implementing the organization ' s vision , mission , and overall direction . Leading the development and implementation of the overall organization ' s strategy Leading , guiding , directing , and evaluating the work of other executive leaders including presidents , vice presidents , and directors , depending on the organization ' s reporting structure . In the process of leading these senior leaders , the CEO makes certain that the strategic direction the CEO filters down through the organization to ensure its achievement . Soliciting advice and guidance , when appropriate , from a Board of Directors . Formulating and implementing the strategic plan that guides the direction of the business or organization . Assuring that the plan creation involves significant input from the organization so that there is little pushback regarding implementation . Overseeing the complete operation of an organization in accordance with the direction established in the strategic plans . This includes the design of the organization in a manner that facilitates and supports the operations . Evaluating the success of the organization in reaching its goals . Making sure that each strategic goal is measurable or that the outcomes can be described in a way that an agreed upon picture is shared by the team . Looking at potential acquisitions or the sale of the company under circumstances that will enhance shareholder value . Representing the organization for civic and professional association responsibilities and activities in the local community , the state , and at the national level . Other senior leaders bear responsibility for these ventures as the CEO sees fit . Participating in industry - related events or associations that will enhance the CEO ' s leadership skills , the organization ' s reputation , and the organization ' s potential for success . Demonstrating the leadership necessary to make the organization ' s mission a success . This leadership includes providing leadership vision , leadership that attracts followers , and all other aspects of successful leadership . Creating a learning organization that will continue to grow and flourish and enhancing the skills and abilities of employees . Only if the significant players continue to learn and grow will the organization truly succeed . Additionally , the CEO must ensure that the organization ' s leaders experience the consequences of their actions whether through reward and recognition or performance coaching and disciplinary actions . Without responsibility and accountability that is actively expected and reinforced , the CEO will fail to attain desired success and profitability . Continue Reading + | [
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http://humanresources.about.com/od/jobdescriptions/f/hr_job_lr.htm | Human Resources Job Search Resources The Role of Employees Who Work in Labor Relations • • • By Susan M . Heathfield Updated January 14 , 2019 If you have a calm professional demeanor , collaborative work style , respect for diverse populations , and exceptional interpersonal communication skills , becoming a labor relations ( or industrial relations ) professional might be a fitting career move for you That ' s because labor relations staff members deal almost exclusively with unionized workplaces . Labor Relations and Unions As a specialized role in the field of human resources , labor relations employees are vital for preparing information for management to utilize during the collective bargaining process . Using their vast knowledge about economics , wage data , labor law , and collective bargaining trends , labor relations professionals interpret and administer employees ’ contracts with respect to grievances , wages or salaries , employee welfare , healthcare benefits , pensions , union practices , and other stipulations . Labor relations managers often implement industrial labor relations programs to oversee compliance with the union ’ s negotiated contract , and directors take on additional labor relations tasks . Because more and more companies are seeking to avoid litigation or strikes , specialists in this field of human resources are essential for serving as a liaison to resolve disputes between employees and management . The Duties of a Director of Labor Relations May Include : Developing and implementing labor policy Overseeing the management of industrial labor relations and , in smaller companies , handling industrial labor relations . Negotiating collective bargaining agreements with the union Managing grievance procedures to handle complaints resulting from disputes with unionized employees over the collective bargaining agreement , work rules , and the interpretation of a contract Advising and working with human resources staff members and other managers of unionized employees to ensure compliance with the contract Overseeing and managing the work of members of the labor relations staff Consulting with human resources , department managers , and senior staff to get input into aspects of personnel policy such as wages , benefits , pensions , work rules , and practices that may be negotiation points when developing a new or revised union contract Understanding the law and Economy are Key Labor relations managers and their staffs implement industrial labor relations programs and oversee compliance with the union negotiated contract . When a collective bargaining agreement is up for negotiation , labor relations staff prepare information and make recommendations for management to use during union negotiations . This requires labor relations staff to be fully up to speed when it comes to being informed about the state of the economy and market rate pay . Staff must be familiar with current trends in collective bargaining agreements and competitive benefits and work rules . They also need to have extensive knowledge of labor laws and approaches to take for resolution . Those working in labor relations need a broad skill set and depth of capability . The labor relations staff is also tasked with researching , developing , interpreting , and administering the union contract regarding wages , benefits , employee working conditions , health care , pensions , union and management practices , grievances , and other contractual provisions . Career Prospects in Labor Relations Union membership is declining in most industries and state governments are going after collective bargaining agreements of public sector labor forces because of the cost and unwieldiness of the agreements . Labor relations professionals may see more limited employment opportunities in the future as a result of these trends . If you ' re thinking about going into this field , consider obtaining a more broadly - based college degree ( and experience ) than labor relations . For instance , consider majoring in human resources which has numerous career options . Courses in business , management , and psychology are also viable options . You will find you will have far more career choices if you do n ' t narrow - focus yourself . Continue Reading + | [
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http://humanresources.about.com/od/jobdescriptions/f/hr_job_train.htm | Human Resources Job Search Resources What Does a Training Manager , Director , or Specialist Do ? Do you have what it takes to do the job ? • • • By Susan M . Heathfield Updated October 22 , 2018 Training and development managers and specialists conduct and supervise training and development programs for employees . This includes assessing where training is most needed , conducting the training , and evaluating the effectiveness of that training . One of the biggest areas of need is in the use of technology . Software programs are updated frequently with new features , and sometimes newer and more efficient software gets introduced to a marketplace . For employees to get the most out of the programs they are using and be as efficient as they can be , it often can be cost effective to regularly train staff on new features and how they are most applicable to a company ' s goals . In addition to enhancing productivity and quality of work , training can increase morale and build loyalty to the firm . Employees generally appreciate knowing their employers are willing to invest in making sure they are as well - trained as possible . What do training staff members do ? Training staff members have a variety of responsibilities depending on the size and complexity of their organizations , and they need to stay on the cutting edge of knowledge in their fields . Training managers first need to be able to assess productivity and identify inefficiencies . When they see inefficiencies , they need to develop a training plan to address them that fits within the company ' s goals and objectives and fits within the training staff ' s budget . This includes acquiring training materials , if necessary , and developing a specific training program that addresses the weaknesses that have been identified . From there , training programs must be implemented , evaluated , and adjusted as necessary to be sure they are as effective as possible . Training Activities Trainers conduct orientation sessions and arrange on - the - job training for new employees . They help rank - and - file workers maintain and improve their job skills and possibly prepare for jobs requiring greater skills or for promotions . They help supervisors improve their interpersonal skills in order to deal effectively with employees . They may set up individualized training plans to strengthen an employee ' s existing skills or teach new ones . Training specialists in some companies set up leadership or executive development programs among employees in lower level positions . These programs are designed to develop potential and current executives to replace those retiring . Trainers also lead programs to assist employees with transitions due to mergers and acquisitions , as well as technological changes . In government - supported training programs , training specialists function as case managers . They first assess the training needs of clients , then guide them through the most appropriate training methods . After training , they either refer clients to employer relations representatives or give them job placement assistance . Training methods include on - the - job training ; schools in which shop conditions are duplicated for trainees prior to putting them on the shop floor ; apprenticeship training ; classroom training ; and electronic learning , which may involve interactive internet - based training , multimedia programs , distance learning , satellite training , videos , and other computer - aided instructional technologies , simulators , conferences , and workshops . Job Outlook According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS ) , training and development jobs are projected to grow at a rate of 10 percent for the decade ending in 2026 . This is better than the growth rate of 7 percent projected for all professions as a whole . The growth mainly is attributed to the rapid development of new technologies employees need to learn to use . As of 2017 , median pay for training and development managers was about $ 108,000 annually , and more than 90 percent of those in the position earned more than $ 59,000 annually . Continue Reading + | [
"Training Manager , Director , or Specialist",
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http://humanresources.about.com/od/teambuilding/f/team_stages.htm | Human Resources Team Building 5 Stages of Team Development How to Support Successful Team Development at Your Organization • • • By Susan M . Heathfield Updated December 23 , 2018 Organizations have used teams for years with some more successful than others . In a quest to determine why so many teams failed to achieve their goals , team development became a hot topic . The differences between successful and unsuccessful teams were studied , and organizations gradually learned to manage teams more effectively through all of their stages of development and contribution . Successful Team Development Traditionally , a team goes through five stages of development , with each stage presenting its own challenges . The goal is for a cohesive team of people to produce a positive outcome that contributes to the success of the organization . Proper Team Support The team and the organization take specific actions at each stage to support the team ' s success in accomplishing its mission . Supporting the team at each stage of development will help it accomplish its goal . With a thoughtful look at each stage of team development , you can solve problems before they derail the team . You can not treat a team the same at each stage of its development because the stages dictate different support actions . These support actions , taken at the right time , will allow your teams to develop and successfully meet their challenges . Leadership Is Key Most importantly , at each stage , the behavior of the leader must adapt to the changing and developing needs of the group . An effective leader who other members of the team want to follow is indispensable when the group is trying to progress through the stages of development . Generally , the leader reports to a manager . The manager , as the team sponsor , must understand how to support the team at each stage of development . This understanding by company leadership is critical to the team ’ s success . Stages of Team Development Dr . Bruce W . Tuckman , a professor of educational psychology at the Ohio State University , who researched the theory of group dynamics , published one of his theories in 1965 called " Tuckman ' s Stages of Group Development . " Thus , emerged a four - stage team development model , " Forming , Storming , Norming , and Performing , " with a fifth stage , " Adjourning , " added in 1977 . The five stages of team development include suggested actions to best support the team Forming : A group of people comes together to accomplish a shared purpose . Their initial success will depend on their familiarity with each other ' s work style , their experience on prior teams , and the clarity of their assigned mission . As a sponsor , your role is to help the team members get to know each other whether you offer team building activities or just a listening ear Storming : Disagreement about mission , vision , and ways to approach the problem or assignment are constant at this stage of development . This struggle is combined with the fact that team members are still getting to know each other , learning to work with each other , and growing familiar with the interaction and communication of group members . As a sponsor , once again , your role is to help the team get to know each other whether you offer team building activities or just a listening ear . Help your team leader clarify each of these assignments so that the team succeeds . Norming : The team has consciously or unconsciously formed working relationships that are enabling progress on the team ’ s objectives . The members have consciously or unconsciously agreed to abide by certain group norms and they are becoming functional at working together . As a sponsor ask for periodic updates from the team . Regularly check the team ' s progress at agreed - upon intervals and critical steps on the path to a successful conclusion . Performing : Relationships , team processes , and the team ’ s effectiveness in working on its objectives are syncing to bring about a successfully functioning team . This is the stage at which the real work of the team is progressing . As a sponsor , ask for periodic updates from the team . Help solve problems and provide input as needed . Make sure that team members are communicating with all of the other appropriate parties in your workplace . Adjourning : The team has completed its mission or purpose and it is time for team members to pursue other goals or projects . As a sponsor , make sure that the team schedules an ending ceremony . Whether they debrief the project and discuss how the team could have been more successful or they just order pizza , you will want to mark a clear ending to the team or project . These stages can be applied to all teams . However , in the case of ongoing teams , such as a department team , social media team , a customer service team , the " Ending " stage is not applicable . The length of time necessary for progressing through these stages depends on the experience , knowledge , and skills of the members and the support they receive . In addition , teams may work at varying rates based on issues and obstacles they may encounter , such as changing team members , tasks , and goals . Closing Thoughts The purpose of creating teams is to provide a framework that will increase the ability of employees to participate in planning , problem - solving , and decision making to better serve customers . Increased participation promotes : A better understanding of decisions More support for and participation in implementation plans Increased contribution to problem - solving and decision making More ownership of decisions , processes , and changes In order for teams to fulfill their intended role of improving organizational effectiveness , it is critical that they develop into working units that are focused on their goal , mission , or reason for existing . They do this by effectively progressing through the stages of development . Continue Reading + | [
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http://humanresources.about.com/od/teamworksuccess/qt/team_context.htm | Human Resources Team Building Team Culture and the Role of Clear Expectations in Team Success Your Teams Can Succeed When They Understand What You Want From Them • • • By Susan M . Heathfield Updated February 10 , 2019 In an effective team culture , the concept of context is addressed . Team members understand why they are participating on the team and how the team fits within their organization . When you consider factors that make a team successful , understanding their organization ' s expectations is one of the top twelve factors in team success In an effective team culture , team members understand where the work of their team fits in the total context of their organization ' s strategic plan and success goals . This is important because teams that feel that they are part of something bigger than themselves tend to experience increased engagement and work satisfaction When the organizational culture supports teamwork , team members understand how the strategy of using teams fits in the total context of their organization ' s strategic plan and success goals , too . Team members understand why using teams will help their organization attain its business goals — and how they can attain their personal goals through effective participation . In fact , they understand the context of a team culture so well , that they are convinced that teams are the only way their organization will excel . Older Generations of Employees and Team Culture This is an understanding that you will need to woo Baby Boomer employees , and to a degree , Gen X employees , to experience . Especially your Baby Boomers represent a generation that consisted of fully contributing individual performers . These employees had little experience of teams , other than athletic teams , and it was difficult to convince them that team - based culture and team expectations were superior ways in which they could contribute . A whole generation of consultants made their living working with these employees to help them understand the positive contributions that teams and a teamwork culture could make in an organization . Older Gen Xers are in this group of employees as well . But , if you think about how both of these generations of employees were raised , it is clear why team participation and contribution was a challenge to their thinking and experience . They were rewarded for individual grades through 12 - 18 years of education . Classes rarely worked in a teamwork fashion except in pairs . First jobs rarely gave them any experience of teams . So , after experiencing a career of individual contribution , teams became the great new thing in workplaces . And , generations of employees with little teamwork experience were expected to get on board . Millennial employees see teams differently . Schools got on board with teams and teamwork and Millennials have experienced teams their entire lives . In fact , I hired a millennial employee who pounded on my desk during the interview and demanded to be part of a team if we decided to employ her . It was a refreshing experience after spending years constantly encouraging an environmental culture of teamwork . Effective Teams Spend Time Defining Their Culture In a successful team culture , teams understand where their work fits in the total context of the organization ' s mission , goals , principles , vision , and values . Team members spend time defining their team culture by agreeing upon team norms and expectations within the company ' s overall team context . They make certain that they have all of the information that they need to successfully perform their team charter , the reason for the team ' s existence . If they lack any of the twelve factors necessary to effective team performance , they will struggle unnecessarily on team issues rather than directing their energy to accomplish the task for which the team was formed . Finally , team members understand that 20 percent of the problems that they will experience as a team will fall within the context of the task or mission the team is assigned to accomplish . The other 80 percent of the problems they experience will relate to their team culture and the processes team members establish and commit to for interacting with each other as team members . An additional thought is necessary for the team to determine how the team will interact with the rest of the organization . Within their team , this communication and contact will reinforce and enhance the team ' s understanding of why they exist and what they are expected to contribute . Establishing thoughtful reporting requirements will help team members know when it is appropriate to report progress and needs to other teams , departments , or the organization as a whole . This will prevent what other team members may see as leaking or demonstrating disloyalty to the team . Continue Reading + | [
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http://humanresources.uchicago.edu/fpg/policies/600/p601.shtml | Home Policies & Contracts Human Resources Policies Policies & Contracts Forms A to Z Index Human Resources Policies Employee Handbook Guides & Checklists 601 - Treatment of Confidential Information Subject : Treatment of Confidential Information Section : U601 Date : July , 2017 Purpose : To identify information that is considered confidential and to establish guidelines for the use of confidential information . Who is governed by this policy : This policy applies to all employees . Policy : Employees must not misuse confidential information . Confidential information generally consists of non - public information about a person or an entity that , if disclosed , could reasonably be expected to place either the person or the entity at risk of criminal or civil liability , or damage the person or entity ' s financial standing , employability , privacy or reputation . The University is bound by law or contract to protect some types of confidential information , and in other instances the University requires protection of confidential information beyond legal or contractual requirements as an additional safeguard . Confidential information includes but is not payroll records , salary and non - public benefits information Social Security numbers , driver ' s license numbers , state identification card numbers , passport numbers credit and debit card information , and financial account information personnel records , including but not limited to information regarding an employee ' s work history , credentials , salary and salary grade , benefits , length of service , performance , and discipline ( see Policy U705 Employee Access to Personnel Records ) individual criminal background check information individual conflict of interest information individually identifiable biometric information computer system passwords and security codes unpublished grant proposals and unpublished research data unpublished manuscripts and correspondence budgetary , departmental , or University planning information non - public financial , procurement , health / safety , audit , insurance and claims information internal investigation information , pre - litigation , and non - public litigation and administrative agency charge , audit and inquiry information student records , including but not limited to student education records within the meaning of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act ( FERPA ) proprietary or intellectual property in which the University asserts ownership that is created by University employees in connection with their work non - public law enforcement records generated or maintained by the University of Chicago Police Department all University attorney - client communications and University attorney work product non - public donor and alumni information patient care records including patient benefit plan enrollment , claims , billing matters , and data concerning human research subjects medical records , personally identifiable medical information , and all information designated as " Protected Health Information " under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ( HIPAA ) , or otherwise protected by law all information , materials , data and records designated confidential by a University unit , by law or by contract , including information obtained by the University from third parties under non - disclosure agreements or any other contract that designates third party information as confidential All employees are required to safeguard confidential information and only use or disclose it as expressly authorized or specifically required in the course of performing their specific job duties . Misuse of confidential information can be intentional ( acts and / or omissions ) , or a product of negligence or inadvertence . Misuse includes but is not limited to : Accessing information not directly germane or relevant to the employee ' s specifically assigned tasks Disclosing , discussing and / or providing confidential information to any individual not authorized to view or access that data , including but not limited to third parties , volunteers , vendors and other University employees Reckless , careless , negligent , or improper handling , storage or disposal of confidential data , including electronically stored and / or transmitted data , printed documents and reports containing confidential information Deleting or altering information without authorization Generating and / or disseminating false or misleading information Using information viewed or retrieved from University systems for personal or any other unauthorized or unlawful use Employee Access Codes Employees who have been assigned personal access codes to work with systems that generate , store or manage confidential information bear the responsibility for preserving the complete confidentiality of such codes to ensure against unauthorized use by any other person . Employees who negligently or intentionally share their system passwords or accounts with anyone else for any reason will be held responsible for any resulting misuse of the system by others . Employees who have any reason to believe or suspect that someone else is using their personal access codes must immediately notify their supervisor . Employees are prohibited from logging onto University data bases and administrative systems with their personal access codes and then permitting another person to access information in those data bases and / or systems . Student Education Records Student education records are governed by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act ( FERPA ) and applicable University policy ( see the University of Chicago Student Manual ) . FERPA - protected student education records may only be disclosed with the prior written consent of the University student ( or former student ) , to other University employees with a “ legitimate educational interest ” as described in the Student Manual , or as authorized by the University ' s Office of Legal Counsel or the University ' s Registrar . Although FERPA permits the University to disclose student directory information ( as defined by FERPA ) , no such information may be disclosed until the Office of the Registrar has confirmed that the student has not elected to block their directory information , as permitted by FERPA . Employee Duties Related to Confidential Information Employees are expected to : Identify confidential information and materials Proactively seek information regarding and comply with any restrictions on the use , administration , processing , storage or transfer of the confidential information in any form , physical or electronic Learn about and comply with any procedures regarding the appropriate handling of such information and materials Understand their responsibilities related to information security In many instances , employees will be required or expected to attend training relevant to the information / materials being handled . Employees who are hired into positions that require adherence to government - mandated compliance ( e.g. , HIPAA , Medicare Compliance , grant and contract administration , pathogens or select agents ) will be subject to strict procedures for handling such materials , must attend all mandated training sessions , and comply with compliance - specific policies and applicable law . Employees must notify the University of any violation of these rules . Consequences for Misuse of Confidential Information Employee misuse of confidential information and / or the systems in which the information is stored is a serious breach of job responsibilities and will result in discipline such as : immediate dismissal from work and disqualification from future University employment ; other personnel and / or student conduct code disciplinary action ; civil and / or criminal legal action as appropriate . Key Definitions : Word / Phrase Definition Center of Expertise – Employee and Labor Relations Employee and Labor Relations partners with department / division / unit HR professionals and Supervisors to provide guidance in the areas of policy , contract administration , performance management , leaves of absence , employment law compliance and various other employment matters . HR Partner Department / division / unit personnel who serve as the representatives for the department in all human resources issues and initiate key HR processes in campus HR systems on behalf of their department / division / unit . Local Unit Campus department / division / unit . Shared Services Office The centralized body that processes transactions , reviews and verifies documentation , enforces policies and regulations , and ensures consistency and accuracy of processes . Supervisor Unit personnel who oversee and regulate employees in their performance of assigned or delegated tasks , as well as enforce compliance with policy . Roles and Responsibilities : Governed Party Roles and Responsibilities Center of Expertise – Employee and Labor Relations The Center of Expertise – Employee and Labor Relations is responsible for working with the HR Partner and Supervisor to determine disciplinary action needed in the case of employee misuse of confidential data and approve disciplinary actions . Employee Employees are responsible for maintaining confidentiality of information they have access to in the course of their employment at the University . Employees are responsible for notifying their supervisor of any breach of confidentiality . Employees are also responsible for attending training related to system access and signing a confidentiality agreement during the onboarding process . Employees are also responsible for using two - factor authentication when accessing core systems at the University . HR Partner The HR Partner is responsible for following policies and procedures relating to the confidentiality of information . The HR Partner , together with the Supervisor , is also responsible for initiating system access requests for onboarding employees , as well as submitting revoke system access or “ quick closure ” requests in the case of a terminating or transferring employee . The HR Partner is also responsible for reviewing system access when an employee ’ s position or responsibilities are updated . The HR Partner is also responsible for working with the Center of Expertise – Employee and Labor Relations Supervisor Supervisors are responsible for enabling system access during the onboarding process or communicating system access requirements to HR Partners during the onboarding process . Supervisors are also responsible for requesting system access removal or notifying HR Partners to responsibility changes which alter an employee ’ s system access requirements . Shared Service Office Shared Services is responsible for processing system access requests for core systems , as well as processing revoke system access or quick closure requests in the case of employee job changes or terminations . Related Information : Policy 207 Layoff Policy 208 Termination of Employment Policy 703 Progressive Corrective Action Quick Closure Request Procedure Confidentiality Agreement Key Contacts : Name Email Extension Legal Counsel Center of Expertise – Employee and Labor Relations elrelations @ uchicago . edu 4 - 7345 Shared Services Office Last updated on 11 / 5 / 18 | [
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http://humansarefree.com/2015/04/china-releases-moon-footage-of-alien.html | China Releases Footage of Strange Structures on the Moon Conspiracy ETs UFOs Mysteries Recent Articles 5 : 00 AM A + A Print Email Sponsored by Revcontent Trending Now Dr . Micheal Salla has indicated that there is a Military Industrial Extraterrestrial Complex or MIEC , and that Earth is being assimilated by an alien agenda which also operates on Earth ’ s Moon The photo below is similar to many that I myself have seen . It appears that the Chinese who took the photo , have confirmed that aliens exist . The Chinese have probably been in contact with these aliens already . That would explain why so many radio telescopes are searching for signals from aliens , and more being built as we speak , yet no reported signals from aliens were reported to the public . The report stipulates : “ I was sent some pictures by a source who claims China will be releasing Hi Res images taken by the Chang ’ e - 2 moon orbiter , which clearly show buildings and structures on the moons surface . He also claims NASA has deliberately bombed important areas of the Moon in an effort to destroy ancient artefacts and facility ’ s . “ Pictures yet to be released clearly show nuclear impact craters and building debris caused by explosions in an effort by NASA to destroy the truth . China is moving toward full disclosure of the Extraterrestrial reality , if these images and future ones are verified genuine then NASA should be investigated for fraud and treason . China will be releasing all the data and images from the Chang ’ e - 2 in the coming weeks and months , lets hope this is the beginning of a new era . ” from The Canadian , via ufothetruthisoutthere Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Have you ever wondered why we have n ’ t returned to the moon again ? The truth is that NASA is hiding a very dark secret from us . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Is there an “ Alien Base ” on the Moon ? More and more people are coming forward with stories that might prove this is true . Rumors say that there is an Alien Moon Base on the far side of the moon , the side we never see from Earth . Did you ever wonder why the Moon landings stopped and why we have not tried to build a Moon Base ? It does seem like a better and easier idea than a floating space station with no access to any raw materials or supplies ? Related : China is Going to the Moon - the Reason Why NASA is Worried According to the NASA Astronaut Neil Armstrong the aliens have a base on the Moon and told us in no uncertain terms to get off and stay off the Moon ! Sound far fetched ? Milton Cooper , a Naval Intelligence Officer tells us that not only does the Alien Moon Base exist but the U.S. Naval Intelligence Community refers to the Alien Moon Base as “ Luna , ” that there is a huge mining operation going on there , and that is where the aliens keep their huge mother ships while the trips to Earth are made in smaller “ flying saucers ” . The Top Secret Apollo 20 Mission : 1.5 Million - Year - Old Cigar UFO & Female Alien in Suspended Animation LUNA : The Alien base on the far side of the Moon . It was seen and filmed by the Apollo astronauts . A base , a mining operation using very large machines , and the very large alien craft described in sighting reports as mother ships exist there . - Milton Cooper Dear Friends , HumansAreFree is and will always be free to access and use . If you appreciate my work , please help me continue . Subscribe for daily articles : MD : Do This Immediately If You Have Diabetes ( Watch Now ) Our Hearts Go Out To Denzel Washington Meghan Markle Says Goodbye To The Royal Family Every Woman Used To Dream Of Marrying This Former Actor Newer Post Bush vs . Clinton : Embezzlement , Government Fraud , Elitism , and the American Presidency Older Post The Knowledge and Conversation of the Holy Guardian Angel Humans Are Free One time contribution : Patreon Become a Patron ! recommended DNC Staffer Arrested For Possessing ‘ Infant Porn ’ Featuring Babies as Young as 6 Months Old New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio is hiring ! 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And not just simple microbial . . . FBI Quietly Declassified Secret Files Attesting Hitler Fled to Argentina in 1945 On April 30 1945 , Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his underground bunker . His body was later discovered and identified by the Soviets befo . . . Giant Footprint Discovered in South Africa and Dated 200 Million to 3 Billion - Year - Old South African Author , Scientist , Researcher and Explorer Michael Tellinger ( often called ‘ The South African Indiana Jones ’ ) shows off what c . . . Workers Find Dozens of Alleged Secret Graves at Juvenile Institution Where Boys Were Tortured , Raped Workers attempting to clean of fuel pollution stumbled on what they think are dozens of child graves from a government juvenile home at whic . . . Idaho ' s Child Brides : The House Voted Down Bill to End Child Marriage Idaho has the highest rate of child marriage in the U.S. , according to a national report . This statistic is n ’ t likely to change soon beca . . . Big Pharma & Insurance Gave $ 43M to 129 House Democrats Not Backing Medicare for All Rep . Pramila Jayapal ( D - Washington ) recently rolled out House Democrats ’ version of a Medicare for All proposal that would ensure all Americ . . . Subscribe Subscribe for daily articles : Translate Recommended Shocking Connection : 97 % of all Terminal Cancer Patients Previously Had This Dental Procedure . . . Do you have a chronic degenerative disease ? If so , have you been told , “ It ’ s all in your head ? ” Well , that might not be that far from the tr . . . Was MH - 17 in Fact the ' Lost ' Flight MH - 370 ? Analysis Clarifications , after new information emerged Alternative media websites and myself have suggested that the plane wreckage presented to us . . . He Demolished His House Just Before the Bank Could Take it Away - A Truck Delievered the Remains in Front of the Bank In the end of 2013 a man from Lovech - Bulgaria who could not afford to pay the mortgage for his house gave his last penny to demolish it righ . . . Shield Your Body From Fukushima Radiation With 10 Natural Foods Try These Natural Remedies to Protect Your Body From Fukushima Radiation Japanese officials have recently admitted the grim truth that si . . . Top 7 Reasons to Question the Official Story of MH17 With the recent shooting down of a Malaysian Boeing 777 over Ukraine , the Western media is aflame with fingerpointing at Russia and Ukrainia . . . New Study Confirms : ' We Become Friends With Genetically Similar People ' Our friends seem to be genetically more similar to us than strangers , according to a new U.S. scientific study led by prominent Greek - Americ . . . These 13 Families Rule the World : The Shadow Forces Behind the NWO The shadow forces behind the New World Order ( NWO ) are following a slow - paced agenda of total control over mankind and our planet ' s res . . . The UN Is Normalizing Pedophilia : The Deep State Is Free to Prey Upon Your Children The United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights is sanctioning a sexual revolution that will culminate in the legalizati . . . BREAKING News : Flight 370 Passenger Managed to Send Photo From Hidden iPhone Tracing Back to U.S. Military Base Diego Garcia INDIAN OCEAN ( INTELLIHUB ) — According to freelance journalist Jim Stone , one of the American passengers , Phillip Wood , a technical storage . . . 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http://humanservices.hawaii.gov/bessd/snap/ | Home SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM SNAP SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM SNAP The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP is a federal program funded through the US Department of Agriculture USDA and administered at the federal level through its Food and Nutrition Service FNS State agencies administer the program at the state and local levels including determination of eligibility and monthly allotments In Hawaii this service is provided by the Department of Human Services DHS Benefit Employment Support Services Division BESSD What is SNAP The SNAP program provides crucial food and nutritional support to qualifying lowincome and needy households and those making the transition from welfare to selfsufficiency In FY 2014 SNAP helped put food on the table for an estimated 193565 Hawaii residents 98440 families The Hawaii Electronic Benefit Transfer EBT Program The Hawaii Electronic Benefit Transfer HIEBT system processes financial assistance benefits provided by BESSD Payments distributed through this system are for the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families TANF Temporary Assistance for Other Needy Families TAONF General Assistance GA Aid to the Aged Blind or Disabled AABD Repatriates Childcare Employment and Training E T FirstToWork FTW and the SNAP programs Clients use an EBT debit card to access their cash andor SNAP benefits at authorized food retailers through their Point of Sale POS machines and Automated Teller Machines ATMs Allpoint Global SurchargeFree ATM Networks are located across the state Visit this website to find the system nearest to you Recipients receiving cash assistance may also choose to have their cash benefits directly deposited into their personal bank accounts Who is Eligible to Receive SNAP Households must meet specific eligibility requirements and provide proof of their statements about household circumstances US citizens and some aliens who are admitted for permanent residency may qualify Federal poverty guidelines are established by the Office of Management and Budget and are updated annually by the Department of Health and Human Services What is the SNAP Application Process Hawaii residents seeking SNAP assistance must fill out a standard benefits application form which is available for pick up from all State benefits offices and for download from the Department of Human Services DHS website After you have filled out your application and gathered all the required paperwork to verify your information visit the benefits office closest to your residence Click here for benefits office contact information statewide An intake worker will review your completed application package to determine if you qualify for SNAP benefits If you are eligible the worker will assign you to one of three eligibility standards based on your familys unique situation The federal poverty guidelines FPL listed below will help you to determine if your monthly income exceeds SNAP eligibility criteria If your income exceed the criteria you will not be eligible for SNAP assistance This Federal Poverty Limit FPL chart is for reference only An intake worker will make the final determination of your eligibility category SNAP GROSS INCOME STANDARDS Effective 1012018 SNAP INCOME LIMITS Eff 10118 Household Size Monthly Gross Income 200 of Poverty Level BBCE Monthly Gross Income 130 of Poverty Level Monthly Net Income 100 of Poverty Level 1 2328 1513 1164 2 3156 2051 1578 3 3984 2590 1992 4 4812 3128 2406 5 5640 3666 2820 6 6470 4205 3235 7 7298 4743 3649 8 8126 5282 4063 Each additional member 830 539 415 Other eligibility criteria includeBroadBased Categorical Eligibility BBCE expands SNAP benefits to lowincome families with high expenses and to families whose gross incomes are slightly higher than the 130 FPL normal gross income test Under BBCE the gross income limit is 200 FPL and there is an unlimited asset standard Most households qualify for BBCE However if a household member has been disqualified under SNAP it may not qualify for BBCE Households where all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF or SSI cash assistance are categorically eligible for SNAP There is no gross income limit no net income limit and no asset limit Net monthly income must be 100 percent or less of the Federal poverty guidelines Net income is figured by adding all of a households gross income and then taking a number of approved deductions for child care extra shelter costs and other expenses Households with an elderly or disabled member are subject only to the net income test Most ablebodied adult applicants must meet certain work requirements All household members must provide a Social Security number or apply for one Monthly Application Timeliness Rates FFY 2018 Updated Monthly Monthly Participation Rates SFY 2018 Updated Monthly ARCHIVE SNAP Monthly Participation Rates SFY 2017 SFY 2016 SFY 2015 SFY 2014 SFY 2013 SFY 2012 SFY 2011 SFY 2010 SFY 2009 ARCHIVE SNAP Application Timeliness FFY 2017 FFY 2016 FFY 2015 FFY 2014 FFY 2013 FFY 2012 FFY 2011 FFY 2010 FFY 2009 Other Information Hawaii Financial and SNAP Benefits Rights and Responsibilities Hawaii Electronic Benefit Transfer EBT Program SNAP Nondiscrimination SNAP Outreach Contact Info Info Lines Public Assistance Information Line 8556431643 Child Abuse Reporting 8088325300 Child Abuse Reporting from neighbor islands Toll Free 18883803088 Child Trafficking Reporting 8088321999 Child Trafficking Reporting from neighbor islands Toll Free 18883981188 Adult Abuse Reporting 8088325115 Medical Assistance Info 211 Emergency 911 Public Housing Application 8088325960 | [
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http://humboldtredwoods.org/redwoods | Humboldt Redwoods Interpretive Association Redwoods There are 3 types of redwoods , Coast redwoods ( Sequoia sempervirens ) , Giant Sequoias ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ) , and Dawn Redwoods ( Metasequoia glyptostrobides ) . However , Coast Redwoods are the only native to Humboldt County , growing in the cool climate that makes up the coastal regions of northern California . The species name sempervirens comes from the Latin words for ever and green or ever living . These trees grow in moist coastal environments as far south as Big Sur and as far north as a short distance across the Oregon border . The Coast redwoods are the tallest known tree species in the world . Mature trees average 150 – 250 feet tall , and some of the tallest trees exceed 350 feet with a diameter that can surpass 20 feet . Areas known as alluvial flats are where many of the tallest trees grow . These low - lying river plains have soil filled with nutrients and decaying plant matter , which creates ideal conditions for growth . These resilient trees often live several hundred years , and in some cases , more than 2,000 years . This makes them one of the oldest tree species in the world . Resistance to fire and disease make this long lifespan possible . Coast redwood bark is often over 1 foot thick on mature trees , and this creates a formidable barrier . In addition , the high tannin content is undesirable to insects while the low amounts of resin resist fire . Although they have a strong line of defense against disease and fire , redwoods are susceptible to Coast Redwoods are conifers – meaning they are woody plants that produce seeds in cones . The cones are only about 1 inch long , and each cone can contain many seeds . Few of the seeds will germinate , so redwoods can also sprout new trees from the root of a parent tree or from burls , which contain thousands of dormant buds . The seedlings that survive grow quickly – sometimes more than 1 foot per year ! Redwoods were named for the reddish color of their bark and heartwood . The wood from conifers is considered a soft wood as opposed to the hard wood produced by maple , oak , and walnut trees . Redwood has a rich red color , is easy to work with , and is resistant to rot . Because of these unique characteristics , redwood became a highly sought after wood . The logging industry began to develop on the north coast in the 1850s . Many buildings , railroad ties , furnishings , and other items have been created with Today , Humboldt Redwoods State Park is home to the world ’ s largest continuous old growth redwood forest , the Rockefeller forest . A stroll through one of the many beautiful groves of ancient redwoods is sure to be an awe - inspiring experience . | [
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http://hummingbirdfarm.net/clematis_dead.htm | Is My Clematis Dead ? Figuring Out If There ' s Life In The Old Girl One of the most common laments we hear at Hummingbird Farm is , " I think my clematis is dead ! " And our most common reply is , " Are you really sure ? " Clematis , unlike many plants , can " disappear " for many reasons , but that does n ' t always mean they are gone forever . Sometimes , in transporting a new clematis home and transplanting it into the garden , tender stems are cracked or broken , often without the gardener ' s knowledge . Sometimes , clematis are reluctant to " wake up : in the spring . Sometimes weather conditions are the culprit , other times it is insect or " critter " damage or disease . None of these are necessarily fatal ! But , But , But : No Leaves ! No Stems ! What ' s Alive ? ? If you have followed our Planting Instructions , you know that It ' s All About the Roots ! If your clematis has a strong root system , it will very often reappear like the Phoenix , given time , patience and careful watering . Not content to wait and wonder ? With care , you can check the root system to see if it shows promise of recovery . But Wait ! Put that shovel away ! Checking the root system must be done carefully by hand , so you do n ' t damage it . Please be really gentle - use only your fingers to poke around at the roots ! This is what a typical clematis root system should look like , close to the surface of the ground . Note how heavy roots radiate out from the center . This is known as the " crown " . As long as the crown is there and the roots are still pliable and orange in color , the roots are healthy . Of course , not all clematis root systems are " typical " ! Clematis virginiana has a more fibrous root system , consisting of about a bazillion fine roots . This is typical of a number of species clematis . This close - up of virginiana gives a better look at how even those bazillion little roots still radiate out from the crown . And , no , you are n ' t seeing bug eggs - those white things are pieces of perlite , which is part of the potting mix . I found the crown . Now what ? Wait and water . It wo n ' t take much water , but do n ' t let the area dry out for an extended period of time . Speak sweetly to that empty space on occasion - and try to keep the cat from using the area as a litter box . Wait - your cat does n ' t try to use every bit of bare ground for their own nefarious purposes ? What ' s your secret ? ? I ca n ' t find a crown . Is my clematis dead yet ? Not necessarily . In Step 5 of the Planting Instructions , it says , " Place the clematis in the hole , 2 to 3 inches deeper than it was in its pot . " If you did this when planting your clematis , there very well may be roots deeper down in the soil , which may enable the plant to recover . Do NOT try to dig down to lower roots ! The chances of damaging roots are greater the further down you dig . At this point you have two choices : 1 . Wait and Water . Your clematis may yet " arise from the ashes " , so do n ' t plant anything else in the area , keep that spot watered ( it wo n ' t need a lot when there ' s no top growth ) and wait patiently . How long should you wait ? That ' s up to you . Many , many clematis disappear for a year only to reappear the next spring . And we have customers who have had clematis reappear after four or five years . Our advice : 2 . Shovel Prune . If there is no crown present at or near ground level and you do n ' t want to wait a year or more to see if your clematis resurrects , by all means go ahead and remove it . We wo n ' t call the Plant Police on you ! Sign up for our free email newsletter - we will never share your email address with anyone ! Sign Up Now For Email Marketing you can trust . | [
"Clematis",
"Hummingbird Farm"
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http://hungryhound.com/raw-marrow-bones-are-amazing/ | Raw marrow bones are amazing May 15 2012 My dog Lottie loves raw frozen marrow bones And I love how healthy they are for her These bones clean your dogs teeth in addition to providing them with a nice oral workout not to mention a healthy dose of natural calcium It takes Lottie about 3 or 4 hours to scrape all the marrow out of one of these frozen bones shes working on a Natures Variety raw beef bone in these photos Lottie stays quietly in one place completely entertained allowing my husband and I to enjoy a few uninterrupted hours when we have dinner guests or just want to watch some TV On Sundays a raw frozen bone is the perfect dog occupier while we watch the Bears game Plaque and tartar can build up on a dogs teeth offsetting the balance of good bacteria in the mouth which leaves way for infection and disease to spread Whether you brush your dogs teeth or let them chew on raw bones whats important is removing that plaque and tartar regularly Proper tooth and gum health also prevents bad breath When given raw bones dogs will scrape food and tartar from their teeth as their ancestors did in the wild The small amounts of meat tissue typically left on raw bones allows for a separate type of chewing which is natural Raw bones can definitely be a little messy You will want to keep your dog on a doggy blanket or towel that can be easily washed see Lottie above on her doggy towel Theyre obviously great treats outside and also work well in a crate that can be easily washed out Once the bone has been chewed down it is actually quite clean As with most chews supervising your dogs while they enjoy a bone is the way to go When youre ready to give your dog a raw frozen bone give it to them frozen right out of the freezer Dogs love an ice cold bone on a summer day Never heat or cook a raw frozen bone prior to serving At my house once the bone is completely clean about 3 or 4 hours after giving it to Lottie I throw the bone away Especially when Im giving it to her indoors Lottie really has no interest in them once they are hollowed out and clean Bravo brand recommends discarding the cleaned bone after 1 or 2 days Natures Variety Raw Frozen Bones are made in the USA and are an excellent source of minerals essential fatty acids proteins and enzymes They are also a natural balanced source of calcium and phosphorus Feed a raw bone as a natural source of chondroitin for joint health or a natural source of fiber If youre feeding a raw bone for the first time Natures Variety recommends starting with a Raw Beef Bone Bravo offers both a buffalo and a beef marrow and knuckle bones Bravo Bones are uncooked fresh cut individually wrapped and flash frozen to preserve their natural goodness Bravo Bones are made from human grade beef bones and premium grade ranch raised grassfed buffalo from Montana The same bones sold fresh in the grocery store for human consumption We recommend raw bones versus cooked or sterilized bones Cooked bones are more likely to splinter and both cooked bones and white sterilized bones are deprived of beneficial nutrients which raw bones are full of Makeover Monday Join Hungry Hounds walk team | [
"marrow bones",
"natural calcium"
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http://hunt-indiana.com/thread/17043 | boat launch stickers ? Actions « Prev 1 Next » semisneak Major Contributor Posts : 547 Mar 24 , 2006 at 10 : 37am Mar 24 , 2006 at 10 : 37am I heard we will have to purchase a 20 doller ramp sticker now . Is this true ? If so when will these need to in place and where do I get one ? Thanks . . . .semisneak . Lifes a garden . . . . . . . . . . . .dig it . greendeem Senior Member Posts : 188 Apr 3 , 2006 at 4 : 58am Apr 3 , 2006 at 4 : 58am This year boaters will be required to purchase a $ 20.00 lake permit . It will take the place of the dailey launch permit . The new permit - $ 20 for motorized watercraft and $ 5 for non - motorized watercraft - is now available at state parks , reservoirs and some state forest offices , on - line at on the DNR Web site in Mother Nature ' s Mercantile , and at the gatehouses when they are open . Lakes on which a permit will be required include the main bodies of water and all fishing ponds / lakes at Patoka Lake , Brookville Lake , Hardy Lake , Monroe Lake , Salamonie Lake , Mississinewa Lake , Roush ( Huntington ) Lake , Cagles Mill ( Lieber ) Lake , Cecil M . Harden ( Raccoon ) Lake . Also included are Worster Lake at Potato Creek State Park , Kunkel Lake at Ouabache State Park , Summit Lake at Summit Lake State Park , Versailles Lake at Versailles State Park , Ogle and Strahl Lakes at Brown County State Park , Lakes Shakamak , Lenape and Kickapoo at Shakamak State Park , all lakes at Chain O ' Lakes State Park , Spring Mill Lake at Spring Mill State Park , Whitewater Lake at Whitewater State Park , Lake Lincoln and Weber Lake at Lincoln State Park . Finally , also included are all lakes at state forest properties , including Deam Lake SRA , Ferdinand State Forest , Starve Hollow SRA , Harrison - Crawford State Forest , Clark State Forest , Greene - Sullivan State Forest , Jackson - Washington State Forest , Martin State Forest , Morgan - Monroe State Forest , Owen - Putnam State Forest , Pike State Forest and Yellowwood State Forest . " The credit belongs to the man in the arena ; whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat " . - TR | [
"boat launch stickers"
] |
http://hunting.outdoorzy.com/10-steps-to-start-hunting-for-a-beginner/ | June 7 , 2011 Hunting Tips 10 Steps To Start Hunting For A Beginner Share this with your friends Share Pin it Tweet Plus Send We spend a lot of time talking about hunting like it ’ s second nature on this site . But if you ’ re new to this great outdoor sport , I want to share some tips that could help you jump start your hunting lifetime career . With hunting season coming up very soon , we ’ ve compiled a short list of items that you must know before getting out there . Whether it ’ s deer hunting or turkey hunting that ’ s your passion ( or going to be ) , we can help ! Start with a Hunter ’ s Safety Course Type in a search online and you ’ ll find a few places close to home to take one . Most states require certification to buy a license . Even if it ’ s not required , it ’ s a good idea . Hunter safety can save lives . It will make you safer for yourself and others . You can even take your hunter ed course online . You ’ ll learn a lot of things to start hunting just from the course . Get your license Simple enough . You ’ ve got to do it , otherwise you could face a multitude of fines and possible jail . You could be banned from hunting for an extended period of time , too . Just do a Google search for your state + hunting license ( ie . minnesota hunting license ) and you should find your state ’ s website to purchase online . It ’ s a simple and easy way to stay legal . Find an experienced hunter and tag along Do n ’ t ask this person to teach you . Just ask if you can come along . Do n ’ t take a gun . Do n ’ t ask to take a shot . Just keep your mouth shut and watch what he / she does . Once he sees that you ’ re respecting his ritual , he ’ ll let you in on some of his secrets and maybe even let you pull the trigger . Find a farmer and see if they know anybody who hunts , they most likely will . Wild game Familiarize yourself with local and state laws and regulations Nothing will take the wind out of your hunting sails faster than making enemies with the Game Warden . Stay on his good side . Look at your state ’ s fish and wildlife official website and print out the state laws and regulations . Learn gun safety Organized classes are helpful and may be required . Again , they ’ re a good idea regardless . Learn the rules of gun safety and live by them . And then be a dear and pass them on . Practice shooting Get comfortable with your firearm / bow / crossbow / spear / whatever you ’ re going to be taking trophies with . Shooting ranges , tin cans on fence posts , 3 - D targets — whatever it takes , do n ’ t EVER let your first shot be in the field . You ’ ll be nervous enough . Borrow a gun before you buy . It will give you the opportunity to find out our personal preferences before you sink big money into something . And if you borrow a firearm , treat it like a prized possession . And return it cleaner than you received it . Know your surroundings Talk to local hunters about the landscape , local features , local animal habits , etc . This is where you ’ ll be hunting . Get familiar . Gear up — but keep it simple Gear for a beginner hunter should n ’ t be complicated . Once you get addicted to hunting , it gets really expensive . You ’ ll start buying better duck decoys , more guns , souped up four wheelers , rv parts for your new camper , aftermarket auto & truck parts , shotgun shells , rifle cartridges , etc . You have your whole life to buy crazy gear . Start off by looking at the best hunting blinds . Start slow . Small game first Deer hunting seems like the obvious opener . But it ’ s a complex , difficult and sometimes fruitless hunt . Why not go out with a mentor on a squirrel hunt . It ’ s a lot of fun and you pick up lots of principles that will be applied to bigger hunts throughout your life . So if you ’ re not a hunter , get going on this checklist . We ’ ll see you in the field ! What other tips do you have for the beginner hunter ? Leave a comment beginner bow hunting deer gun hunting hunting Hunting Tips » 10 Steps To Start Hunting For A Beginner About the Author : Bill Keystone Hey here ! My name is Bill Keystone is an avid outdoorsman from the great state of Missouri . I enjoy spending time outdoors Hunting and Fishing and blogging about it . Conservation has , and always will be important to me , and I am an advocate for successful land management and wetland restoration . Please feel free to leave a comment because I love talking about Hunting : ) | [
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"Hunter ’s Safety Course",
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http://hunting.outdoorzy.com/tips-for-hunting-turkey-in-the-rain/ | March 14 , 2011 Hunting Tips Turkey Hunting 5 Essential Tips For Turkey Hunting In The Pouring Rain Share this with your friends Share Pin it Tweet Plus Send Turkey Hunting in the rain can be tricky . Like most birds , turkeys lack a strong sense of taste and smell . They make up for this with their keen eyesight and hearing capabilities . Turkeys have eyes on the sides of their heads which allows them to see with a 300 degree field of vision without even moving its head . Although there is no proven research regarding the hearing capabilities of turkey , they do seem to have very acute hearing and will flee at the slightest unusual noise . With their keen eyesight and acute hearing there are some tips and tactics you can use to kill a turkey in the soggy weather . If you know where to go and why to go there , turkey hunting in the rain can provide great advantages . From my experience , the rain has had no effect on normal turkey patterns . A heavy downpour might force them under some type of cover , but a light gentle , all - day drizzle does n ’ t bother them . They appear to ignore it for the most part . Let ’ s take a look at a few essential tips you should know for turkey hunting in the rain . Hunt The Open Field When the rain falls , turkeys seem to flock to an open field or pasture . The sound of the rain hitting the leaves throws off the turkeys sight and hearing . They are very skittish and will run away with the slightest bit of danger . The open field provides a much better field of vision to watch for predators . Turkeys would rather walk in short vegetation than underbrush and taller weeds so that their tail feathers wo n ’ t drag . Use A Decoy Decoys are a great addition to turkey hunting whether it ’ s raining or not . I usually set up with a few Montana Decoy ’ s and a Primo ’ s Gobbler / Hen pair . Primo ’ s Gobber / Hen Pair Montana Decoy ’ s A turkey might not be able to hear your call because of the wind and rain , but they will be able to see your decoy in an open field much better . Last spring , I was hunting during a light all - day drizzle . I set up alongside a brush pile and placed two decoys about 20 yards from me . After about an hour , 3 gobblers came in close range to check out my decoys . My safety was already off so I pulled the trigger ; the other two gobblers left the area . Calling Tactics When you are in the field turkey hunting in the wet weather , do n ’ t be afraid to use some volume on your turkey call . Wind does n ’ t spook turkeys like it does deer , but it can cause them to be extra alert and cautious of their surroundings . Turkeys have a difficult time hearing when it ’ s coming down and the wind is blowing , so do n ’ t be afraid to let loose on that call . Remember , they are very skittish animals , so if they look your direction when you strike your call , stay still and do n ’ t move . Turkeys can see the slightest movement , even the blink of an eye . I like to be noisy and make sure that my call can be heard on a rainy or windy day . I have a few calls , but my Knight & Hale Ol Yeller has been with me for years and years . It requires no sanding or chalk and can be used in rainy or windy conditions . When a tom responds to your call , raise your gun and get ready – anytime you hear a gobble on a rainy or windy day , he ’ s gotta be pretty close . Dress Appropriately It is important to be comfortable when you are in the woods waiting on a turkey . You could be sitting for hours in the same spot . It will take time for turkeys to enter into an open area . It is best to have a vinyl poncho and some rubber boots to stay dry . Personally , I like wearing Frogg Toggs to keep me dry . It is a bit noisy when rubbed together , but it does allow you to breathe and stay 100 % dry at the same time . Stay Alert While hunting Turkeys in the rain , it ’ s very hard for you to hear a turkey gobble . The sound of the drops falling on leaves and the wind create harder conditions to hear . The sound of the rain hitting the roof of your hunting blind may be just enough to put you to sleep . You should always be alert . A turkey might be 10 yards behind you and you would never even know it . By using these tips , you should be able to call in a gobbler within shooting range . What other tips do you have for turkey hunting in the rain ? Do you sleep in or do you brave the weather ? Leave a comment Rain Tips Turkey Hunting Tips Turkey Hunting » 5 Essential Tips For Turkey Hunting In The Pouring Rain About the Author : Trey Copeland Hi folks ! I ' m Trey Copeland and I ' m co - founder of Outdoorzy along with my partner Shawn . We ' re from Kentucky and we like the Outdoors . I ' ve been hunting or fishing in many states including KY , MO , MS , AR , TN and FL as well as Mexico and Costa Rica . For more updates follow me on Twitter View all posts by Trey Copeland | [
"Turkey Hunting",
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http://hurricanescience.org/society/impacts/environmentalimpacts/ | Home > Hurricanes & Society > Hurricane Hazards and Impacts > Ecosystem Perspective : What can a hurricane do to the environment ? Ecosystem Perspective : What can a hurricane do to the environment ? The Puerto Rican Parrot was listed as an endangered species in 1967 . It is is the only native parrot species in Puerto Rico and the only one remaining in the United States . When Hurricane Hugo passed through the species ' range in September 1989 , it reduced the population from 47 to 23 individuals . Image credit : USFWS . In addition to impacting individuals , homes , and communities , hurricanes also have a profound effect on the environment , especially estuarine and coastal habitats . Hurricanes generate strong winds that can completely defoliate forest canopies and cause dramatic structural changes in wooded ecosystems . Animals can either be killed by hurricanes or impacted indirectly through changes in habitat and food availability caused by high winds storm surge , and intense rainfall Endangered species can be dramatically impacted , such as the Puerto Rican Parrot ( Amazona vittata ) , whose population was reduced to half its original size after the passage of Hurricane Hugo in 1989 . Hurricane Gilbert pushed the Cozumel Thrasher ( Toxostoma guttatum ) , found only on Mexico ’ s Isla Cozumel , to the edge of extinction in 1988 . In addition to impacting animals , storm surge and dangerous waves can move large amounts of sand and ultimately reshape the coastal landscape . Hurricanes such as Ivan ( 2004 ) Katrina and Rita ( 2005 ) , and Gustav and Ike ( 2008 ) have led to shoreline position changes of about 100 m ( 328 ft ) in some regions . The loss of land from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita alone was estimated to be about 73 square miles . By changing environmental conditions in coastal habitats , hurricanes cause a cascade of direct and indirect ecological responses that range from immediate to long - term . In terms of environmental effects , no two hurricanes are alike . Individual characteristics , such as the storm ’ s forward speed , size , intensity , and amount of precipitation , play a large role in the type and temporal extent of a hurricane ’ s impact . Depending on many of these factors , even tropical storms can cause severe damage to property and natural resources . Additional Links on HSS | [
"Ecosystem Perspective",
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http://hutchgov.com/ | Government Services Discover Hutchinson How Do I . . . Agendas & Minutes View Documents > Bids View bid opportunities > Employment View Open Positions > Utility Billing Registration To view your statement or pay online - register here Report a Concern View Options > | [
"Hutchinson",
"Reno County",
"Residents Emergency Alert System"
] |
http://hutchinsonhappypanda.com/ | Happy Panda Chinese Restaurant Szechuan Food Hunan Food Cantonese Food 1 2 3 4 | [
"Happy Panda",
"Chinese Restaurant"
] |
http://hvac-connect.com/businesses/reevessalesmarketingllc/ | Reeves Sales Marketing LLC Added by HVAC Admin 0 reviews Listed in Wholesale Distribution Rep Agencies 8582 Wakefield Dr Palm Beach Gardens FL 33410 5613712803 Looking for new lines Yes Tags Wholesale Distribution Representatives Overview Reviews GA FL Lower AL Products Unitary ACHeat Pumps CompAir Diffusing DevicesDuct MatlsInstall AccesAdhesivesSealantsGasketsElectric WireWhipsSpecial Please Share This Add Your Review Your email address will not be published it is only used to limit reviews to one per person Required fields are marked Rating required Name Email Review required Are you a real person 6 two | [
"Reeves Sales",
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http://hvac-talk.com/vbb/showthread.php?631872-Best-coil-cleaner-Acid-base-Alakline-based-or | Forum Ask Our Pros - Owner Assistance - NO DIY advice will be given . AOP Residential HVAC Best coil cleaner - Acid base , Alakline based , or ? Cookie Consent We use cookies to improve your website experience . To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings , please see our Cookie Policy . By continuing to use the website , you consent to our use of cookies . Welcome to HVAC - Talk . com , a non - DIY site and the ultimate Source for HVAC Information & Knowledge Sharing for the industry professional ! Here you can join over 150,000 HVAC Professionals & enthusiasts from around the world discussing all things related to HVAC / R . You are currently viewing as a NON - REGISTERED guest which gives you limited access to view discussions To gain full access to our forums you must register ; for a free account . As a registered Guest you will be able to : Participate in over 40 different forums and search / browse from nearly 3 million posts . Post photos , respond to polls and access other special features Gain access to our free AOP ( Ask a Professional ) Section to get real answers for your questions . All this and much more is available to you absolutely free when you register ; for an account , so join our community today today ! We suggest not registering using an AT&T , BellSouth , AOL or Yahoo email address . If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login , please contact support Results 1 to 8 of 8 Thread : Best coil cleaner - Acid base , Alakline based , or ? Thread Tools 09 - 02 - 2010 , 11 : 11 PM # 1 va2008 Regular Guest Join Date Aug 2010 Posts 11 Post Likes Best coil cleaner - Acid base , Alakline based , or ? What ' s the best cleaners for cleaning the condensing coil and evaporator coil , acid - based , non - acid based , Alakline based , or some others ? Thanks . 09 - 03 - 2010 , 12 : 19 AM # 2 beenthere Global Moderator Join Date Jan 2004 Location PA Posts 77,141 Post Likes Originally Posted by va2008 What ' s the best cleaners for cleaning the condensing coil and evaporator coil , acid - based , non - acid based , Alakline based , or some others ? Thanks . Your HVAC company will know what is best to use . Contractor locator map How - to - apply - for - Professional How many times must one fix something before it is fixed ? 09 - 03 - 2010 , 01 : 19 PM # 3 just_opinion Professional Member * Dec 2005 2,009 Originally Posted by What ' s the best cleaners for cleaning the condensing coil and evaporator coil , acid - based , non - acid based , Alakline based , or some others ? Thanks . Outdoor unit : Best to use water only adn to clean it at least 2 times a year ( depend region ) . If you want to go extra mile , then use dishwasher detergent and rinse it with water . NO chemical needed 01 : 28 PM # 4 gary_g Regular Guest Jun 2007 Location The Twilight Zone 2,964 I used a self - rinsing chemical called ActiClean ( I think that ' s what it was called but not sure ) for an evap coil several years ago . I got it at Graingers . They do n ' t sell it anymore . Hmmmmmm . 04 : 58 PM # 5 clocert Aug 2010 29 Wait , Just water and detergent ? ? ? ? How about those foam cleaner sale for $ 7 per can ? ? 06 : 04 PM # 6 big sky hvac Professional Member Sep 2006 Montana 983 Rarely in residential applications does the A / C require anything more than water to clean them . There is however , a right way and a wrong way to clean them . I just flushed one out this afternoon that the HO had tried to clean and actually pushed the cotton and dog hair deeper into the coil . Provided you use a quality filter and are good about replacing it often , the evaporator coil should never need to be cleaned . 06 : 35 PM # 7 KeyResults Professional Member * Mar 2010 Houston 188 So many bad things can happen that I too recommend having a pro do this for you and perhaps show you . Most of the pro chemicals , Alkaline or Acid based , can be real gnarly on your coil if misapplied or not thoroughly rinsed away . Not to mention the wiring , exposed sheet metal / screws , and electrical components do n ' t get along real well with strong chemicals . Even some household concentrates can be pretty harsh . I would focus on keeping the area clear of leaves , clippings and other debris and leave the chemicals to your tech . Personally , I think whether chemicals are needed depend completely on the situation , but you really want a qualified tech to make that call especially in case something goes wrong . While they are there they can check your airflow and check for mold , etc . in a blink . K 08 : 02 PM # 8 just_opinion Dec 2005 2,009 clocert Wait , Just water and detergent ? ? ? ? How about those foam cleaner sale for $ 7 per can ? ? Yes Quick Navigation AOP Residential HVAC Top Posting Permissions You may not post new threads You may not post replies post attachments edit your posts BB code is On Smilies are On [ IMG ] code is [ VIDEO ] code is HTML code is Off Forum Rules Advertise HVAC - Talk . com Archive Privacy Statement Cookie Policy Top | [
"coil cleaner"
] |
http://hvac-talk.com/vbb/showthread.php?824212-HVAC-Bypass-damper | Forum Ask Our Pros - Owner Assistance - NO DIY advice will be given . AOP Residential HVAC HVAC Bypass damper Cookie Consent We use cookies to improve your website experience . To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings , please see our Cookie Policy . By continuing to use the website , you consent to our use of cookies . Welcome to HVAC - Talk . com , a non - DIY site and the ultimate Source for HVAC Information & Knowledge Sharing for the industry professional ! Here you can join over 150,000 HVAC Professionals & enthusiasts from around the world discussing all things related to HVAC / R . You are currently viewing as a NON - REGISTERED guest which gives you limited access to view discussions To gain full access to our forums you must register ; for a free account . As a registered Guest you will be able to : Participate in over 40 different forums and search / browse from nearly 3 million posts . Post photos , respond to polls and access other special features Gain access to our free AOP ( Ask a Professional ) Section to get real answers for your questions . All this and much more is available to you absolutely free when you register ; for an account , so join our community today today ! We suggest not registering using an AT&T , BellSouth , AOL or Yahoo email address . If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login , please contact support Results 1 to 11 of 11 Thread : HVAC Bypass damper Thread Tools Search Thread Display 05 - 13 - 2011 , 10 : 48 PM # 1 trematode New Guest Join Date May 2011 Posts 4 Post Likes HVAC Bypass damper Question about bypass damper . Had a technician come out to examine our HVAC system ( poor air flow etc . ) - it is one unit with a 2 zone system - first zone upstairs and second downstairs . It seems we have the downstairs ducts coming off the end of the plenum and the upstairs coming off the side . Apparently that is an issue ( the ducts at the end get too much flow and subsequently the side duct does n ' t get much flow ) . I understand that Then the other thing that he mentioned was the bypass damper - it currently has a barometric bypass damper style thingee ( manually flips open etc . ) . According to him , it would be best to have an electronic version - ? a modulating bypass damper . Is that true ? Is the electronic version ( costs about 2 - 3x more ) better than the manual one for a bypass damper ? thanks ! Reply With Quote 05 - 13 - 2011 , 11 : 36 PM # 2 nismo1 Professional Member Join Date May 2011 Location tallahassee , fl Posts 380 Post Likes The technician is correct that the duct off the end of the plenum is incorrect . Should be relocated to the side . As far as the barometric damper . If adjusted properly it works fine if properly set up . Electronic damper gives tighter control but not nessacary and is not the problem or the fix . Fix the duct . Reply With Quote 11 : 39 PM # 3 captube Professional Member Jan 2007 Location N.E. Ok . 1,465 What zone control do you have ? What furnace model , list model # ' s of all equipment . Someone will be familiar with your setup but generally electronic is the way to go . 05 - 14 - 2011 , 12 : 38 PM # 4 genduct Professional Member * Jun 2010 Philadelphia PA 2,209 Taking the air off the end cap is not Wrong ! It is just a more efficient path for the air with less resistance than the " hits ' off the side , That is why ALL TAKEOFFS NEED TO BE DAMPERED . So , add dampers to the takeoffs and leave them where they are . Exception would be if you had one run that you had trouble getting air to . Consider taking that run off the endcap to improve the airflow . You have got to learn from other people ' s mistakes ! Because God knows you do n ' t live long enough to make them all yourself ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 05 - 14 - 2011 , 05 : 50 PM # 5 skippedover Professional Member * Jul 2004 Massachusetts 6,846 Originally Posted by genduct is not Wrong ! It is just a more efficient path for the air with less resistance than the " hits ' off the side , That is why ALL TAKEOFFS NEED TO BE DAMPERED . So , add dampers to the takeoffs and leave them where they are . Exception would be if you had one run that you had trouble getting air to . Consider taking that run off the endcap to improve the airflow . I agree that all take - offs ( and returns ) should have dampers . But an end takeoff on a trunk is just plain poor practice . Manual ' D ' does not allow for end take - offs , dampered or not . If YOU want change , YOU have to first change . If you are waiting for the ' other guy ' to change first , just remember , you ' re the ' other guy ' s ' other guy . To continue to expect real change when you keep acting the same way as always , is folly . Wo n ' t happen . Real change will only happen when a majority of the people change the way they vote ! 05 : 59 PM # 6 nismo1 tallahassee , fl 380 move the duct to the side . limited cost and the right way to do it . dampers in takeoffs good for air balance if t&b is performed 06 : 00 PM # 7 cuchulain Mar 2011 Galveston Texas 530 air takes the path of least resistance . Therefore a tap off the endcap would not let enough air to pressure up the plenum and allow airflow out of the other ducts . 05 - 15 - 2011 , 07 : 22 PM # 8 AirCareTech Regular Guest Jan 2008 northeastern MA 26 no runs off the end cap . Move ' em to the side . keep the barometric damper you have , it just needs to be properly adjusted . 05 - 16 - 2011 , 10 : 20 PM # 9 trematode New Guest 4 Cool , thanks everyone . It helps . So I actually climbed up into our attic space and did some of my own investigating . You ' d think I would have done that earlier , but our house has vaulted ceilings and they built a small attic space to hold the HVAC , ducts and the water heater ( yes , its up in the attic space ) . Its very very small - small enough for aforementioned appliances and just enough space to crawl into . Here ' s a rough diagram of what the duct system is The plenum attached to the a / c unit is about 24 inches wide . I think this was a space limitation since there is a ventillation pipe that comes in from below and goes through to the attic . It appears that the builder then attached a 4 ft large diameter duct and connected it to the end of the plenum and attached it to another box from where all the connections for the downstairs come off from . There are dampers in this end connection . The upstairs ducts come on the side ( see picture ) . Is this an acceptable means of handling air ? Most of the guys who came to give me an estimate on replacing our current HVAC system have not mentioned anything about it . The only guy who wants to work on the duct AND replace the HVAC unit says the reason the current setup is wrong is because it gets the downstairs air from the end of the plenum and uses a barometric ( rather than electronic ) bypass damper . Thanks ! 05 - 17 - 2011 , 02 : 45 AM # 10 Jun 2010 Philadelphia PA 2,209 Hey Guys , think of that hit off of the endcap as a dumb reducer , and not a takeoff Or think of that flex run as a continuation of the trunk but please do n ' t believe that this is " not allowed " by Man D I had occasion to look pretty closely at D last year as one of the reviewers ( look for the Philadelphia guy in the first pages ) and do n ' t remember seeing that . Also another wildly held , but wrong idea is this minimum distance to the endcap from the last take off . If you look at the SMACNA Design Man you ' ll see NO real difference in pressure drop at 1 " 6 " or 12 " When you move that hit to the side you have just added another 35 - 50 feet of resistance . If there is too much air going through that zone then moving it will be the same as cranking the damper down a little more . six of one , half dozen . . . . . . you know ! You have got to learn from other people ' s mistakes ! Because God knows you do n ' t live long enough to make them all yourself ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 05 - 17 - 2011 , 07 : 13 AM # 11 Gib ' s Son Sep 2007 Boise , ID 5,005 Politicians need to be changed like diapers , and for the same reason . Mark Twain Quick Navigation AOP Residential HVAC Top Previous Thread | Next Thread Posting Permissions You may not post new threads You may not post replies post attachments edit your posts BB code is On Smilies are On [ IMG ] code is [ VIDEO ] code is HTML code is Off Forum Rules Advertise HVAC - Talk . com Archive Privacy Statement Cookie Policy Top | [
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http://hvacbeginners.com/is-my-air-conditioning-under-warranty/ | Is My Air Conditioning Under Warranty ? by Dave on July 24 , 2012 This is one of the most confusing topics that has many different answers , as there are different types of warranties that cover certain things such as parts , and other types of warranties that cover labor and parts . Most manufacturers for residential units will have a 5 year parts warranty that will cover any failed component within the system , although more manufacturers are offering up to 10 years on parts now . Some of these parts are the evaporator coil , compressor , fan motor , blower motor . The most common misconception is that just because a unit is under manufacturers warranty does not mean LABOR is covered also . If it ’ s a part such as a capacitor that goes bad , and the air conditioning service technician sticks you with a $ 200 bill , that ’ s all for the labor to diagnose , repair , and ensure that the air conditioning system is functioning properly . Though do n ’ t take that number to heart for the price of a capacitor replacement it could be a lot less or lot more , especially if the service is being done after hours . The other type of warranty that I would personally recommend to anyone that purchases a new air conditioning system , is a 10 year extended warranty . It will be an additional cost to your new system but it will more than likely pay for itself with just a couple service calls . You may need it and you may never have anything go wrong with your air conditioner , but for the competitive prices that are out there for extended warranties , it ’ s well worth the piece of mind your going to get should you have a bad compressor or evaporator coil 6 years down the road . So How Do I Find Out if My Hvac System is Under Warranty ? You are going to have to call the manufacturer of your air conditioning system . You are going to need a couple pieces of information , such as the model # and serial # from both the air handler and condensing units . If you have a Carrier or Bryant you are going to need the product # and serial # . Should you call for service from an air conditioning company they should be able to find out all this information for you with no problem . Manufacturer Warranty Websites Goodman Trane – 855 - 260 - 2975 Rheem Lennox Carrier What Does an Extended Warranty Cover ? There are different Extended Warranty companies but from my experience they will cover all major components within the system and the labor . Some of the things they wo n ’ t cover are a gas and go , which is just filling up the system with freon . If there is a freon leak , the hvac service company will have to find the leak and make the repair , and within the repair the freon will be covered by the extended warranty in that case . Most Extended Warranty companies require that you get preventative maintenance done on your air conditioning system at least annually . Air conditioners are not designed to run efficiently without having maintenance at least yearly , you would n ’ t expect to drive your car for ten years without changing the oil or replacing the battery would you ? Hvac Warranty Tips and Recommendations I will say it again – get an extended warranty if you can . It will last 10 years from the date of installation . Should you have had a new Hvac unit installed within the last couple years you may still qualify for an extended warranty . If you do n ’ t have an extended warranty and you keep having to have an hvac technician gas up your unit with freon , you need to get the leak fixed . There have been instances where an evaporator coil keeps leaking and a technician would keep gassing it up every six months , and before you know it that evaporator coil , that part , is out of warranty . Pay to get the leak search , it could be the difference of $ 1000 or more for the part if it ’ s out of warranty Tweet Pin It ( Visited 16,423 times , 19 visits today ) 7 comments … add one Amy Brown August 19 , 2013 , 5 : 32 pm Except we purchased 2 brand new full top of the line Lennox a / c units and furnaces with the extended warranty . The company that installed them is no longer in business . Now between both AC units we have spent 3000 dollars on labor costs to replace major parts because labor is n ’ t included in the extended warranty . What ’ s the point in buying the best , having a warranty then major parts break down that only cost them pennies to make but cost thousands of dollars to replace . What were we paying for ? Link Amy Brown August 19 , 2013 , 5 : 33 pm Oh , I forgot to say , the units are only 3 years old Link Dave September 5 , 2013 , 11 : 08 pm Amy , extended warranties should include labor , which is an additional charge when the unit is new , you may be thinking of the manufacturer warranty , which unfortunately does not include labor . Warrantech October 4 , 2013 , 11 : 09 am Extended warranty is one method of protecting our investment that we have made for any high end product such as a vehicle or electronics which may demand repair and replacement of parts in the long run . jan November 5 , 2015 , 9 : 12 pm I have a ream air conditioner that is under warranty for 10 years for parts , labor and compressor . the company is charging me to replace a contactor , and hardstart . .should not this be covered under the warranty ? Cecilia Nall September 5 , 2017 , 4 : 41 pm I had two brand new Carrier units place in my house . Three months later and over a two year time period I had 7 repairmen come until they fixed the problem . Third year the bottom unit went out with bugs causing the circuit board to fry . The company that put them in want to charge me a warranty charge for the part still under warranty as well as labor charge . I have never heard of a warranty charge can you tell me what that is please ? September 10 , 2017 , 12 : 34 pm I ’ ve never heard the term ‘ warranty charge ’ . If the circuit board failed due to bugs , it may have voided the part warranty would be my guess . Next post : How Much Do Hvac Technicians Make ? Previous post : Air Handler Parts and Accessories Facebook Categories Air Quality Central A / C heating hvac tools hvac training Uncategorized Blogroll DrZarkloff – Hvac Training Videos for Technicians Hvac - Talk More HVAC Reading | [
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] |
http://hvgf.org/directions.html | Directions to the Festival Washington Avenue Extension , Saugerties , NY 12477 Easy and Fast directions : NYS Thruway to exit # 20 ( mile marker 101 ) . Then East 1 mile to the Village of Saugerties – Follow trolley and / or parking signs to Cantine Field / Garlic Festival in the village . ( See below for the Traffic and Trolley map . ) Note that when you ’ re coming to the festival from the NY State Thruway , the days of the festival , State and local police will direct you almost immediately from the Thruway exits to locations where you should park . If instead you are arriving into Saugerties from Routes 9W or 32 , you should print the Traffic and Trolley map ( link below ) and use it as a guide for where to park . . . ideally near a trolley stop . Also : Saugerties is 100 miles north of New York City and 42 Miles South of Albany NY State Routes 9W , 212 and 32 all meet in the Village of Saugerties Saugerties ’ Esopus Creek joins the Hudson River at a point 8 miles north of the Kingston - Rhinecliff Bridge and 12 miles south of the Rip Van Winkle Bridge on the west bank of the Hudson River . Premium Parking is available from the Town of Saugerties at a fee and is not in association with the HVGF . Town of Saugerties | [
"Washington Avenue Extension",
"Saugerties",
"Trolley map"
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http://hvp.osu.edu/resources/hcs300/biome.htm | | HVP | Site Index | BIOMES Climate and vegetation The dominant influences on vegetation type and productivity are temperature and availability of water . Extremes of temperature and lack of water tend to go together so ice deserts ocur at the poles and hot deserts near the tropics . Two factors determine temperature : available sun ( angle and daylength ) and altitude . There is a tendency to see similar vegetation changes progressing south or north from the equator or rising in altitude : rain forest temperate forest taiga ( boreal forest ) tundra . This pattern is modified by availability of water , particularly in the tropics where prevalent winds carry moisture towards the equator . The winds converge at the equator ; the rising air cools depositing rainfall and maintaining rainforest . The interiors of continents close to the tropics tend to be very dry - deserts . Looking at the vegetation map of the world we are struck by the fact that much of the land surface is unfavorable for plant growth . Desert is the largest of the biomes . Tropical rainforest It is only in the tropical rainforest that water and temperature are continuously favorable for plant growth . This makes it the most diverse and productive biome . There can be as many as 10,000 species of plant per hectare . In this environment nutrients are mostly in living organisms and cycle rapidly ; so that soils are deficient in nutrients . Microbial activity is very rapid and little organic matter accumulates in the soil . Fertility declines after clearance and the soils quickly become useless for agriculture . The loss of diversity , productivity and fertility make clearance a threefold tragedy . ( Countries are driven to clearance by their burden of debt not by wickedness . ) Mixed deciduous forest When temperature and water supply are temporarily favorable for plant growth we tend to get mixed deciduous forests . These conditions exist mostly in the Northern hemisphere . In the summer these systems approach tropical rain forest in terms of productivity and species diversity can be up to 2,000 per hectare . In winter water is often frozen and with low temperatures most plants become dormant ( after leaf fall or death of topgrowth ) . This is the climax vegetation for most of Ohio . In the South - East on rolling drier areas ( white , scarlet , shingle ) oaks and hickories dominate . In the North - West maples , beech , linden , ash , tuliptree , red oak are more common . Beneath the dominant trees small trees and shrubs occur : buckeye , flowering dogwood , and viburnum in oak - hickory woods ; service berry , hornbeam and witchhazel in maple - linden woods . The trees take most of the light in late spring and summer so annual plants have little chance to get established . Herbaceous perennials have two strategies : rapid growth before the trees come into leaf : ( bulbs and spring flowers ) slower shade - adapted growth and flowering in late summer ( Asters etc . ) The litter layer is often quite deep in temperate forests and the soils may have a higher organic content , but nutrients are mostly tied up as they are in the tropical rainforest . Soils tend to be acidic and do not support crops for many years after clearance . Agriculture on these soils tends to require high inputs . Nearly 95 % of the original forest in the US has been cleared in the last 200 years . Grasslands Moving west from Ohio the climate becomes drier passing through a transition zone of oak savannah to the prairies from Montana and Minnesota to West Texas and Oklahoma . First comes the tall - grass prairie - a region of higher rainfall - and then the short grass prairie which grades into desert . Perennial grasses dominate and flowering perennials ( Liatris ) , coneflowers , golden rod , asters ) can compete but there are few annuals . These plants survive cold winters and fires through underground storage organs and thick stem bases . Historically these areas were kept free of trees and shrubs by periodic fires and they were home to roaming herds of grazing animals such as the American bison ( buffalo ) . Without grazing and periodic burning , tall - grass prairie tends to become deciduous woodland . Smith Cemetery Prairie ( near Plain City OH ) Relict savannah near Marion ( OH ) The deep , organic - rich soils built up by tall grass prairie are well adapted to agriculture - they retain fertility and good structure . The corn - belt from Kansas to Oklahoma is probably the best agricultural land in the world . The short - grass prairie is not so well - suited to agriculture . Its use as grazing for static herds of cattle carries the risk of degradation and invasion by cactus . Much of the desert of Arizona was short - grass prairie before Europeans arrived . World wide , no biome is more threatened than grassland ; in the US only 1 % of the prairie remains . Wetlands Wetlands are not a biome , but areas with high water table tend to occur in many different biomes . They are often perceived as useless or undesirable by developers and agriculturalists who have set about draining them for their own uses . Wetlands , as we are beginning to realise , are important for several reasons : They are buffer zones that hold back water , preventing sudden overload and flooding of rivers . In dry seasons they hold water that can delay drying out of surrounding areas . They provide refuge and food reserves for animals and birds They remove nutrients and sediments from water moving through them . This cuts down pollution and silting of watercourses . Thus wetlands can be a stabilizing component preventing collapse of a biome . Nationally about 50 % of wetland has been reclaimed ; most of what remains is in Alaska . Of all the states , Ohio is second to California in terms of percentage of wetland drained , although Ohio had more wetland in the first place so that a greater area has been drained than in California . The deliberate reconstruction of wetlands is now part of urban and agricultural land use planning . Constructed wetlands are one solution to the problems of fertilizer run - off from horticultural and agricultural operations . Agriculture Human - manipulated ecosystems ( including agricultural areas ) now cover 37 % of the land surface of the world . Although not generally regarded as a biome , we can not ignore the ecology of these areas . Area ( million ha ) Use World U.S.A . Crops 1,441 188 Pasture 3,357 239 Forest 3,897 287 Urban 99 None 4,345 202 Total 13,041 917 ( 1 hectare ( ha ) is about 2.5 acres ) The Russian botanist N.I. Vavilov pioneered investigation of the origins of crop plants and came to the conclusion that most came from a few centers of origin that we now know as the Vavilov Centers . The crops that we grow today originated mainly in a " fertile crescent " extending from the Mediterranean to India in five centers of origin . Other centers were in the Horn of Africa and in the New World Tropics . Eighty percent of our food calories derive directly or indirectly from just six species of plant that were brought into cultivation in these corn ( Zea mays - Poaceae ) wheat ( Triticum aestivum - Poaceae ) rice ( Oryza sativa - Poaceae ) white potato ( Solanum tuberosum - Solanaceae ) sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas - Covolvulaceae ) cassava . ( Manihot esculentum - Euphorbiaceae ) The fields in which these crops are grown have become the dominant ecosystems of the world As population has increased , production has intensified and people have become dependent on a food supply with a dangerously narrow genetic base . Plant breeding struggles to keep up with the challenge to increase food supply with growing danger of crop failure through disease or climatic disaster . In order to improve crops breeders often return to their centers of origin in search of wild species that can broaden the genetic base . As agriculture develops , these wild species are displaced and genetic resources are lost . Marginal land is brought into production and all too often becomes degraded under the pressure of use . Along with crop production , animals have been domesticated and the attempt to intensify their production has usually been disastrous . It is only possible in a country like the US with abundant land and natural resources at its disposal . Reflecting on the extent of habitat loss in the US , how can we expect poor countries to hold back from the exploitation of their remaining Human beings now consume 40 % of the earth ' s primary photosynthetic productivity and population is set to double in the next 50 years . The future of plant life and all life on the planet , including our own is bound up with our cultivation of the earth and its biomes . Agriculture has traditionally focused on a narrow range of plant species that are likely to remain the dominant food crops , whereas horticulture has maintained a plurality of edible and ornamental plants ( and may have seemed something of a luxury ) . Agriculture is necessary to maintain the food supply . As natural areas and their genetic diversity disappear under increasing pressure from the human population , horticulture offers the only hope of preserving our genetic heritage and providing an environment that people will want to live in . QUIZ | HVP | Site Index | Copyright © Michael Knee , The Ohio State University All rights reserved . | [
"BIOMES",
"vegetation",
"Climate"
] |
http://hw.dewittschools.net/ | Welcome to Herbison Woods Elementary Vicky Milner Principal Herbison Woods Elementary School is dedicated to providing for the positive emotional social and academic growth of our students in a safe and respectful learning environment Office 6683300 Attendance Line 6683347 AUGUST UPDATE The Herbison Woods Elementary office is still under construction Due to construction we are not able to occupy the Herbison Woods Elementary office yet We are hoping to be able to get in to the building very soon Until we are able to get into the office our secretaries are trying to work remotely on a very limited basis Keep in mind our files and all of our office supplies and tools are still in storage due to construction We have extremely limited access to our phone system so we may not get voice mail messages until we occupy our office We are able to reply to email and will do so If you need to contact us please contact us via email Vicky Milner Principal milnerdewittschoolsnet Tracy Kleitch Secretary kleitchtrdewittschoolsnet We do not have fax capability at this time If you need to send a fax to Herbison Woods please send it to the DeWitt Public Schools administrative office at fax 5176683018 attention Herbison Woods Elementary If you need to enroll a student or require immediate assistance please call the DeWitt Public Schools administrative office at 6683000 We are looking forward to a great 201819 year Thank you for your patience and understanding 20182019 School Year First Day of School Monday August 27 2018 Doors Open 835 am First Bell 840 am Tardy Bell 845 am Dismissal 335 pm 12 Day Dismissal 1142 am CLT Collaboative learning Time 12 Day Dismissal 1212 pm August 10 2018 Placement letters for the 201819 school year will be mailed home August 13 2018 Portal opens for K12 to view 201819 schedules and classrooms Transportation Portal opens to view 201819 school bus schedule August 26 2018 35 pm Herbison Woods Elementary open to students and families This is an opportunity for your child to orient themselves to the building find their classrooms locate their lockers and practice opening their locker Teachers will not be available to meet students that afternoon and classrooms will be locked Please do not bring any school supplies to drop off during the walk through September 6 2018 67 pm Herbison Woods Elementary Open House Herbison Woods Newsletters can be found by clicking on Latest News on the left Contact information for our staff can be found by clicking on the Staff Directory Tab above Click on the Contact Tab above for information on how to contact our school Or call our main office at 5176683300 Meet the Staff of Herbison Woods School 201718 Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video | [
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] |
http://hyal.net/site/ | Basketball updates HYAL Games Start Saturday January 5th Good luck to all our players and coaches All players need to wear the full uniforms If they wear t shirts under their jerseys it must be white Anyone with uniform issues please email linda dicapua at ldicapua4aolcom Home teams supply the clock operator and both teams need to keep the book LATEST NEWS MORE NEWS Welcome To Our Website News Downloadable Forms Files | [
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] |
http://hyalgan.com/hcp/ | Why treat pain early in patients with osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the knee ? None of them have time for the pain . Learn More Indication HYALGAN ® is indicated for the treatment of pain in osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the knee in patients who have failed to respond adequately to conservative nonpharmacologic therapy and to simple analgesics , eg , acetaminophen . Important Safety Information HYALGAN is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to hyaluronate preparations or in cases of present infections or skin diseases in the area of the injection site . Use caution when injecting HYALGAN into patients who are allergic to avian proteins , feathers , and egg products . The safety and effectiveness of HYALGAN has not been established in children or in pregnant or lactating women , for use in other joints or for concomitant use with other injectables . It is unknown whether HYALGAN ® is excreted in human milk . The effectiveness of a single treatment cycle of less than 3 injections has not been established . Transient increases in inflammation in the injected knee following HYALGAN injection have been reported in some patients with inflammatory arthritis and should not be injected if objective signs of inflammation are present . Transient pain and / or swelling of the injected joint may occur after intra - articular injection of HYALGAN ® . Anaphylactoid and allergic reactions have been reported with the use of this product . In the US clinical trial , adverse events included injection - site pain , gastrointestinal complaints , headache , local ecchymosis ( bruising ) and rash , local joint pain and swelling , and local pruritus ( itching ) . In other clinical studies , the frequency and severity of adverse events occurring during repeat treatment cycles did not increase over that reported for a treatment cycle . RX Only . See the package insert section of this website for full prescribing information . | [
"HYALGAN",
"osteoarthritis",
"Anaphylactoid"
] |
http://hydeparkumc.org/watch-live/ | Live Worship at 830 930 and 11 am Sundays Attendance Prayers Contemporary Bulletin Contemporary Worship begins 000 Day 00 Hrs 00 Min 00 Sec Traditional Bulletin Traditional Worship begins 000 Day 00 Hrs 00 Min 00 Sec Sermon Archive Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Good morning Please watch any of our previous sermons on our YouTube Channel | [
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http://hymnary.org/text/we_are_one_in_the_spirit | They ' ll Know We Are Christians Contents Top Author Text Info Tune Timeline Arrangements Media Instances We are one in the Spirit Author : Peter Scholtes Tune : ST . BRENDAN ' S Published in 33 hymnals Audio files : Recording Piano / Organ MORNING HAS BROKEN ( for Piano ) Choral They ' ll Know We Are Christians Instrumental Sunday Evening Jazz - Full Score and Ins … Author : Peter Scholtes Peter Scholtes ( 1938 – 2009 ) Peter was born in Evanston , Illinois and grew up in Oak Park , where he attended Ascension School and Fenwick High School before studying at Quigley and St . Mary of the Lake - Mundelein seminaries . He earned his Masters in Adult Education and Organization Development at Boston University . Peter wrote the hymn " They ' ll Know We Are Christians by Our Love " while he was a parish priest at St . Brendan ' s on the South Side of Chicago in the 1960s . At the time Go to person page > top Text Information Text Information Lectionary Weeks Scripture References Languages John 13 : 14 - 17 ( hymns ) John 13 : 34 - 35 ( hymns ) John 35 : 35 - 835 1 Corinthians 12 : 12 - 13 Ephesians 4 Philippians 2 : 4 1 John 4 : 7 - 12 Year A , Easter season , Day of Pentecost Related to 1 Corinthians 12 ( LUYH ) Year B , Ordinary Time , Proper 10 ( 15 ) Year B , Ordinary Time , Proper 13 ( 18 ) English Baptist Hymnal 2008 # 385 Chalice Hymnal # 494 Gather Comprehensive # 735 Gather Comprehensive , Second Edition # 728 Glory to God : the Presbyterian Hymnal # 300 Hymns for a Pilgrim People : a congregational hymnal # 495 Hymns for the Family of God # 677 Hymns of Promise : a large print songbook # 94 Oramos Cantando = We Pray In Song # 669 Scripture Song Database # 3595 10 shown out of 16 Spanish Oramos Cantando = We Pray In Song # 669 top Tune ST . BRENDAN ' S All tunes published with ' They ' ll Know We Are Christians ' Timeline Arrangements Piano / Organ MORNING HAS BROKEN ( for Piano ) More Piano / Organ . . . Choral More Choral . . . Instrumental Sunday Evening Jazz - Full Score and Instrumental Parts More Instrumental . . . Handbells Ring New Songs to the Lord , Vol . 2 ( easy settings of praise and worship songs blended with traditional hymns ) More Handbells . . . More arrangements Media Audio Audio recording from Glory to God : the Presbyterian Hymnal # 300 Audio recording from Lift Up Your Hearts : psalms , hymns , and spiritual songs # 256 Instances Instances ( 1 - 21 of 21 ) Baptist Hymnal 2008 # 385 Celebrating Grace Hymnal # 272 Chalice Hymnal # 494 Gather ( 3rd ed . ) # 835 Gather Comprehensive # 735 Gather Comprehensive , Second Edition # 728 Glory to God # 300 Hymns for a Pilgrim People # 495 Hymns of Promise # 94 Hymns of the Saints # 466 Lift Up Your Hearts # 256 Praise ! Our Songs and Hymns # 136 Scripture Song Database # 3595 Sing Joyfully # 119 Sing the Faith # 2223 The Celebration Hymnal # 429 The Faith We Sing # 2223 The Hymnal for Worship and Celebration # 284 Worship and Rejoice # 595 찬송과 예배 = Chansong gwa yebae = Come , Let Us Worship # 257 Include 12 pre - 1979 instances All instances Suggestions or corrections ? Contact us Advertisements | [
"We are one in the Spirit",
"Peter Scholtes"
] |
http://hypebot.com/hypebot/2014/01/want-to-live-stream-your-music-concert-heres-an-overview-of-options.html | Live Nation Launches ' Femme it Forward ' Empowerment Tour Live Nation Urban has announced Femme it Forward , a multi - city series of women curated events featuring leading female musicians and entrepreneurs . All Femme It Forward shows will donate a portion of proceeds from ticket sales to philanthropic organizations that support the advancement of women . Continue reading " Live Nation Launches ' Femme it Forward ' Empowerment Tour " » Bruce Houghton on 04 / 17 / 2019 in D.I.Y . Music Business | Permalink | Comments ( 0 ) Tags : DIY , DIY musicians , Femme it Forward , indie , Live Nation , music , music business , music industry , musician , musicians SEO Strategy For Making Your Music More Discoverable In 2019 If you ' re looking to get serious about your music career in 2019 , it ' s important to put some effort into making your material discoverable online , in what has become a decidedly crowded field . Whether you ' re trying to sell concert tickets , merch , or just trying get new fans to hear your music , spending a little time developing a good SEO strategy can make a world of difference . Continue reading " SEO Strategy For Making Your Music More Discoverable In 2019 " » Guest Post on 04 / 17 / 2019 in D.I.Y . Marketing Music Business Publishing & Songwriting | Permalink | Comments ( 0 ) Tags : DIY , DIY musicians , indie , music , music business , music industry , musician , musicians , SEO CD Baby Partners With Audible Magic To Identify Copyright Infringement CD Baby has partnered with Audible Magic to identify content rights conflicts prior to delivery to Spotify , Apple Music and other digital service providers , ensuring that CD Baby remains a trusted distribution partner . Continue reading " CD Baby Partners With Audible Magic To Identify Copyright Infringement " » Bruce Houghton on 04 / 17 / 2019 Tags : Amazon , Apple , Apple Music , CD Baby , copyright , DIY , DIY musicians , Google , indie , music , music business , music industry , music tech , musician , musicians , Pandora , Spotify , YouTube How To Build , Nurture Your Community On And Offline Community can be a dangerously nebulous word , and taking the time to develop one as a band or artist can be an intimidating prospect , particularly when there are so many other aspects of your life as a musician to keep track of . Here we look at some the best ways to cultivate a community both on and offline . Continue reading " How To Build , Nurture Your Community On And Offline " » Guest Post Marketing Tags : DIY , DIY musicians , fans , indie , music , music business , musician , musicians Former ADA , Cooking Vinyl , Essential Execs Launch Curve Royalty Systems Former executives of ADA , Cooking Vinyl and Essential are launching a new music accounting platform , Curve Royalty Systems . The UK - based platform ’ s first clients include Hospital Records and publishing division Songs in the Key of Knife , together with Sky TV , Cooking Vinyl Group and The Music Royalty Co . Continue reading " Former ADA , Cooking Vinyl , Essential Execs Launch Curve Royalty Systems " » Indie Labels Music Tech Publishing & Songwriting Tags : music , music business , music industry , music tech , musician , musicians , royalty collection .music Domains Are Coming and DotMusic ( Not Google ) Will Control Them The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ( ICANN ) has named the DotMusic as the sole provider of the coveted .music domain extension , beating internet giants like Google and Amazon . Continue reading " .music Domains Are Coming and DotMusic ( Not Google ) Will Control Them " » Music Tech AM BRIEF : Spotify Adds R&D Hub • CD Baby + Audible Magic • SiriusXM Shows Become Pandora Podcasts • More WEDNESDAY 4.17 . 19 Music Business News From Around The Web Updated continuously under the More News tab Tags : CD Baby , DIY , DIY musicians , indie , music , music business , music industry , music tech , musician , musicians , Pandora , SiriusXM , Spotify The Week ' s YouTube Music Charts : BTS , Blackpink , Muse , Soundgarden , Lil Nas X and More K - pop dominated the YouTube Music harts with BTS breaking records and Blackpink taking over the # 1 spot on the Global Top Songs chart , Muse and Soundgarden also saw a spike in views following last week ’ s first black hole photo , and Lil Nas X continues his ride with the “ Old Town Road ” remix . Continue reading " The Week ' s YouTube Music Charts : BTS , Blackpink , Muse , Soundgarden , Lil Nas X and More " » on 04 / 16 / 2019 in Streaming YouTube & Video Tags : Blackpink , BTS , Lil Nas X , Muse , Soundgarden , YouTube Music If Audio Is Hot , Why Is n ’ t Radio Partying ? While the massive uptick in the popularity of audio seems like it should be good news for traditional broadcast radio , the reality is that much of this resurgence has manifested in the form of podcasts and new forms of tech like smart speakers . Continue reading " If Audio Is Hot , Why Is n ’ t Radio Partying ? " » on 04 / 16 / 2019 in Broadcast & Satellite Streaming Tags : audio , podcasts , radio Zoe Keating : ' Unrepresented songwriters deserve to be heard ' A battle is brewing on the songwriter front . Two organizations , the NMPA backed Music Licencing Collective ( MLC ) and the independent non - profit American Music Licensing Collective ( ALMC ) are vying to become the conduit for songwriter and publishing royalties from streamers like Spotify , as mandated by the new Music Modernization Act . Music and artist advocate Zoe Keating is firmly in the ALMC camp and explains why others should join her . Continue reading " Zoe Keating : ' Unrepresented songwriters deserve to be heard ' " » Tags : ALMC , American Music Licensing Collective , copyright , DIY , DIY musicians , indie , music , music business , music industry , musician , musicians Take This Important Survey Of Musicians Now MIDiA Research and independent distribution company Amuse have launched a survey designed to understand the issues facing modern musicians . Little analysis has been done of working musicians , so if you are a singer , DJ , producer , performer or in a band , your participation is important . The survey closes this Friday April 19th . Continue reading " Take This Important Survey Of Musicians Now " » Tags : DIY , DIY musicians , indie , music , music business , music industry , musician , musicians , survey Festify Uses Spotify To Create Your Dream Music Festival Festify takes the users most listened to Spotify artists and creates a visual line - up that they can share with friends . Connect a Spotify account and the Festify program uses play counts to bill favorite artists as headliners and ranks others as openers . Continue reading " Festify Uses Spotify To Create Your Dream Music Festival " » Apps & Mobile Live & Touring Tags : concerts , festivals , Spotify iHeartMedia ’ s IPO May Demonstrate Future Of Music Radio In an effort to pay down its massive debts , iHeartMedia is set to file for an IPO , a move by the bankrupt internet radio company which could be indicative of what the future may hold for other music companies involved in radio , and specifically internet radio , may do moving forward . Continue reading " iHeartMedia ’ s IPO May Demonstrate Future Of Music Radio " » Broadcast & Satellite Major Labels Tags : iHeartMedia ’ s IPO 7 Podcasts That Take You Behind Scenes Of Sync , Music Supervision Now one of the best ways to make serious money in the music industry , sync licensing and the music supervision process holds a lot of interest for bands and artists looking to raise their profile . This seven podcasts pull back the curtain and give us look at an often mysterious part of the music industry . Continue reading " 7 Podcasts That Take You Behind Scenes Of Sync , Music Supervision " » Owen Davie Music Think Tank Podcast : Music Biz Top Quotes From First Ever AIM Connected Global Music Business Event Last week , Studio Spaces in London was home to the first ever AIM ( Association of Independent Music ) Connected global music business conference , featuring some amazing panels and discussions , with over 150 speakers . Here we look at some of the top quotes from the three day event . Continue reading " Top Quotes From First Ever AIM Connected Global Music Business Event " » Next MOST READ • Apple Music Has More Paid US Subscribers Than Spotify [ Report ] • 450,000 Deleted MySpace Tracks Saved , Including Early Katy Perry , Danny Glover • 25 Songs Have Each Played Over 1B Times On Spotify • 10 Trends Reshaping The Music Business [ Mark Mulligan ] • Why Buy DiscMakers When CD Sales Are In Free Fall ? • 5 Data Driven Insights That Sell Concert Tickets • What You Need To Know About Spotify ’ s Personalized Editorial Playlists • Why Would Anyone Invest In Post - Bankruptcy iHeartMedia ? Because ' Radio Motivates Behavior ' says Fred Jacobs Recent Posts Live Nation Launches ' Femme it Forward ' Empowerment Tour SEO Strategy For Making Your Music More Discoverable In 2019 CD Baby Partners With Audible Magic To Identify Copyright Infringement How To Build , Nurture Your Community On And Offline Former ADA , Cooking Vinyl , Essential Execs Launch Curve Royalty Systems .music Domains Are Coming and DotMusic ( Not Google ) Will Control Them AM BRIEF : Spotify Adds R&D Hub • CD Baby + Audible Magic • SiriusXM Shows Become Pandora Podcasts • More The Week ' s YouTube Music Charts : BTS , Blackpink , Muse , Soundgarden , Lil Nas X and More If Audio Is Hot , Why Is n ’ t Radio Partying ? Zoe Keating : ' Unrepresented songwriters deserve to be heard ' Music Marketing | [
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http://hyperdictionary.com/video/video-production.html | English Dictionary Computer Dictionary Video Dictionary Thesaurus Dream Dictionary Medical Dictionary Video Production Definition and Meaning Video production is the process of converting an idea into a video . The person who manages the production process is known as the producer . It involves the following sub processes : creating a concept , which usually entails storyboarding writing the script and dialogue finding the proper location ( s ) for the video shoots hiring the crew for the video shoots , and these include cameramen , lighting experts , makeup artists , set contruction workers casting : finding and hiring the talent ( actors ) for the video shoots finding a director for the video shooting the video post - production editing which includes visual and sound effects COPYRIGHT © 2000 - 2008 HYPERDICTIONARY . COM HOME | ABOUT HYPERDICTIONARY | [
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http://hyperdimensionneptunia.wikia.com/wiki/Plutia | in : HDD users Planeptune residents CPU and 15 more Plutia Edit Comments ( 206 ) Share Plutia Plutia Vital statistics Race Goddess Hair Color Light Purple / Lilac ( Normal Form ) Dark Purple / Lilac Blue ( HDD Form ) Eye Color Magenta ( Normal Form ) Dark Pink ( HDD Form ) Weapon Dolls ( Normal Form ) Galient Sword ( HDD Form ) Game Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory Hyperdimension Neptunia Re ; Birth 1 ( DLC ) Hyperdimension Neptunia Re ; Birth 3 : V Generation Megadimension Neptunia VII ( briefly mentioned ) Geki Jigen Tag Blanc + Neptune VS Zombie Gundan Hyperdimension War Neptunia VS Sega Hard Girls : Dream Fusion Special Anime Hyperdimension Neptunia : The Animation Voice Actor Kana Hanazawa ( Japanese ) Cherami Leigh ( English ) , known as Pururut プルルート Pururūto in Japan , is a character in Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory , and is the CPU of Planeptune in a 1980s - parallel universe . Her nickname is " Pururun " ( " Plutie " in the English Version ) and she ' s known for her gentle appearance , although she is quite difficult to read . Contents show Personality Edit Plutia has a very gentle appearance , and does not seem to be a bad person or naughty . However , she is usually skipping out on her Goddess duties , much like how Neptune would if given the chance to go and have fun instead . Considering she is seen holding a Neptune doll , she may very much like Neptune . One of her special attacks show her stomping on this doll ( with a voodoo doll effect on enemies ) , so she may have a minor ( compared to Iris Heart ' s ) sadistic streak . She values friendship , and takes it very seriously . Iris Heart Plutia ' s goddess form , while she actually retains her carefree voice , unlike most others whose voice does change , her characteristics change instead . She becomes very sadistic and cold , causing trauma for everybody , friend or foe alike , however she seems to direct such insults to villains to damage their ego while driving her allies to do better through enraging them . Due to this extreme sadistic streak , Neptune refers to this form as " Sadie " , a play on the word " Sadist " and her nickname " Plutie " . Appearance Plutia has small similarities in terms of design to Neptune herself . But whether she has a personal connection or not is unknown . She looks to be pre - teen , but may very well be an adult or close to one in terms of age . She has fair - pale skin and bright pink eyes . Her hair is about waist length with very wild , messy bangs framing her face while her hair looks to be worn down , but in a very thick / big braid held with a pastel pink frilled ribbon . She wears an odd outfit , consisting of a very loose powder blue top with a frilled neck segment with a bright pink - purple bow and a long white segment in the center held with a white multi - piece belt with a purple piece in the center . At the top on the sleeve sides are pink cloth segments with ruffled white lining and a single white stripe on each piece . Her dress has small sleeves with button - clasp , making it look like a shirt pair of overalls . On each sleeve is a peach As Iris Heart , Plutia ' s hair becomes a darker , purple color and lengthens somewhat as it ' s pulled out of its braid . Her bangs remain the same , though longer and tend to cover her eyes easily . Her eyes seem to be the same shade of pink but are much more squinted . She wears a black HDD outfit with pink accessories . Consisting of a tank top like bustier piece with very thin straps and button - like pieces with multiple holes in the center , a neck piece with a glowing line Chapter 3 In the beginning of the third chapter , Noire whines and complains about how Lowee is copying Lastation in terms of tech . This annoys Plutia so much that she gets angry . Histoire points this out to Noire , who was the one who constantly reminds Neptune not to make her angry and realizes she has dug her own grave . She transforms into Iris Heart and demands Neptune and Histoire to leave while she has a " chat " with Noire . After two hours Plutia comes out of the room feeling refreshed . Noire , however , Hyperdimension Neptunia the Animation Episode 6 events : She falls out of the sky and says she ' s Planeptune ' s CPU , making it her first appearance in the anime . Megadimension Neptunia VII Despite not making her physical appearance in this installment , she is briefly mentioned by Nepgear and older Neptune in one conversation in Zero Dimension G story arc . Also makes an appearance as a scout obtained via DLC . Weapons and Abilities Plutia wields a doll in her human form and a broad bladed katana in her HDD form . Her powers seem to revolve around the use of lightning and her signature move ; Fighting Viper , is a good example of it . Her Final Form CPU transforms her into a stealth wing which apparently possesses the power to destroy the world ( With Neptune ' s help ) . Fortunately that is just a battle effect / dramatization ( we hope ) . Stat wise , Plutia is magic oriented , having abnormally high INT . Her best skills are Rush oriented magic damage attacks , and she has no skills based on her STR . VIT , MEN and MOV are where she suffers , having some of the lower tier defenses in the game . She does make this up by having access to healing skills and buffs to her magic . Quotes As Plutia " Ooh , you ' re still alive . Um , are you . . . umm . . . okay ? " " No , I ' m telling you the truth . I would never tell a lie . . . " " Uh - oh . . . I did it again . " " But if this many monsters are around , we ca n ' t have a picnic . . . " " Peer - at - you ? Aw , that ' s not a cute name at all . . . " ( Plutia mispronouncing Pirachu ' s name ) " Ooh , clever girl . . . " " Wow , fun ! " " Aw , she ' s so lucky . . . Neppy made fast friends with all of the kids . . . " " Huh ? Neppy gave the wrong answer ? " " Aww , I wanted to stay longer and play a while longer . . . " " The Seven Nutmegs are evil ! " " Mister Creeper is amazing . . . I want him to teach me his ways . . . " " Let ' s give it our all ! " " I ' ll help you ! " " Neppy ! Look at this ! Is n ' t this so much fun ! ? Do it with me Neppy ! " I can transform , right . . . ? ! " " Maybe I ' m a tad angry ! " " Sorry . . . I do n ' t see you as a man . . . or a human being , really . " As Iris Heart " Aww , do n ' t make that pouty face . . . It makes me want to torment you more . . . " " Is that your " please punish me " face ? " " Aww come on ! ~ You ' re no fun , you ' re such an old dog . Using the same old tricks . . " " Like a bitch in heat . . . Control your more primal urges , you dog . " " Hey Blanny . Look at me . Let me see your tear - stained face and bright red eyes . . . " " All of these women are my pets ! " " You will call me Madame Goddess , scum ! " " What ? I ca n ' t hear your pathetic whimpering . " " Do n ' t lump me in with her generation . I am a kind and young woman with a gentle heart . " " Prepare yourself for a punishment so severe , your ass will be red for all time ! " " I need to punish those who have gone against me ! " " You seem to be worth tormenting , hold on there ' s still more i want to give . . . " " It ' s time for your punishment . . .to enjoy this you need to be a masochist . . . .let me train you ! " " I ' ll paralyze you . . .hahaha . . . .what a lovely face " " I ' ll show you my special services menu , let me hear you scream ! " " I heal you , i hurt you . . . .i heal you again , that ' s the pattern " " Kehehe ! Do it again ! It feels so nice ! " " I do n ' t dislike idiots but . . . " " How pathetic . . I promised my darling Himeko I would n ' t kill you , so I suppose a punishment of extreme pain will satisfy me just enough . . " " I ' ll beat my authority into your skull ! " " Your little manservant is telling you the truth , my dear Blue Heart . " " Oh my . . are you finally putting up a fight ? " " Show me how you really cry " " Y ' know , you ' re quite dense for a man with no memories . It ' s reliving my darling Blanny does n ' t remember you either . It makes me feel less bad about hurting you ! " " Because I promised her , I love her after all . I love all my little pets and I hate sharing ~ . " " Hmm , sorry Vert you ' re not my type . why do n ' t you go find another foreigner to play with . " " Over already ? I ' m not satsified ! " " Oh I ' m always ready . . ~ I ' m quite the sadist and masochist . .give me everything you ' ve got , hag . . " " Huhuhu . . . .You were pretty cute " " Shall we leave it at that ? " " I ' ve taken a liking out of you , so i ' ll show you my special attack " " I ' ll stamp you into mush . " " Huh . . . ? Are you ordering me around , Noire ? " " Perhaps we should torment them ? " " Aww how cute . . ! " " Let ' s enjoy this to the fullest . " " I ' ll treat you right . . . Do n ' t be afraid to let it all out ! " " Huh . . . It ' s been awhile since I ' ve felt this satisfied . " " Whew . . . That felt good . . . " " If I get too strong . . . none of you will last long with me . " " No . . you work for the bastards that hurt my neppy and ge - ge . . so I ' ve decided I need to kill every last one of you . " " How weak . . you must be too scared to fight me face to face . " " Just give up , the viper does n ' t quit till the prey is dead . . " " Oh no ~ I ' m speaking more of I wo n ' t allow anyone to take my toys love . The only thing that will ever have my heart is inflicting pain onto others . " " There is no other version , I ' ve been watching for a long time now ~ you ' re just a brainwashed excuse of a Jedi who is nothing but a mindless child . " " Have fun darling , give her my share of pain for me . " Trivia Plutia ' s slippers almost resemble a popular pink bear called " Gloomy Bear " without the blood . Like Neptune , Plutia ' s breasts drastically grows when she transforms . The reason is unknown as to why they share this trait . They also share the trait of their personalities drastically altering whenever they transform into their Goddess forms . Plutia uses a doll for her weapon , which she animates with her magic . This is a reference to Pamela Ibis from the Atelier series . Plutia calls Neptune " Neppy " and Blanc " Blanny " , while she is called " Plutie " by Neptune . Curiously , she consistently calls Nepgear " Neppy . Jr " in either her CPU or human form , whereas she will refer to her other friends by their proper names when she transforms into Iris Heart . Plutia is one of only two CPU characters whose attack skills are different between Human and HDD forms , the other being Peashy Plutia is named after a console prototype which has never been released from SEGA called the SEGA Pluto . This system was to be an upgrade to the already released SEGA Saturn which had an internet connection built into the system . Despite this though , Plutia is based on the SEGA Mega Drive ( Genesis in North America ) . This is reflected in Iris Heart ' s design with her choker resembling the top of the system ' s first model . Plutia ' s sadism is a reference to how aggressive SEGA was to Nintendo after releasing the Genesis . In addition , the scene where Iris Heart " plays " with Arfoire is also a nod to SEGA ' s hostile attitude toward piracy . In the anime , Iris Heart uses a Whip Sword , very similar to Ivy ' s sword from Soul Calibur , as seen in Episode 9 when she prevents Rei from running away . In the game , however , the sword appears to be a regular sword . Both she and Syrma from Mugen Souls Z have a similar personality and share the same English voice actor . In the Battle , Plutia is useful for INT stats and increasing everyone ' s INT status . Johnny Cage Mentions Iris Heart from mortal kombat Gallery As Iris Heart As Plutia Plutia ' s room For official images of Plutia see Plutia ( images ) . For fanart please see Plutia ( fanart ) . For costumes see Plutia ( costumes ) External links on the Heroes wiki . " why did i saw plutia / iris heart on the villans wiki sometime ago ? " on the Hyperdimension Neptunia wiki . References ↑ http : / / www . ign . com / articles / 2013 / 04 / 18 / sega - pluto - the - console - that - never - was ↑ http : / / segaretro . org / Sega_Pluto http : / / segaretro . org / Planet_codenames Media Game images fanart OST Trophies Equipment / Misc gameplay challenges scouts quests Terms / Locations Basilicom HDD Gamindustri < Hyperdimension Ultradimension > ( Celestia Eden Hello Continent Lastation Leanbox Lowee Planeptune PC Continent Item Development Lily Rank Shares The Guild Treasure Search Characters Playable characters Hyperdimension : Neptune images fanart costumes Nepgear costumes textures Uni textures Rom Ram Ultradimension : Noire Blanc Vert Peashy Ultradimension ( DLC ) : IF Compa Falcom Broccoli Cyberconnect2 MAGES . MarvelousAQL Tekken Compile [ Japan only ] Hyperdimension ( DLC ) : Falcom Antagonists Abnes Anonydeath Arfoire Mr . Badd Copypaste Croire Dogoo Pirachu Rei Ryghts Other Hyperdimension : Noire Blanc Vert Histoire Compa IF Chika Hakozaki Financier Kei Jinguji Mina Nishizawa Nepgeo Ultradimension : Histoire Financier Deco Dengekiko Famitsu Hyperdimension Neptunia : The Animation Media Characters Protagonists Nepgear Uni Ram and Rom Antagonists Arfoire Pirachu Linda CFW Trick Anonydeath Abnes Rei Ryghts Other 5pb Ziege Episodes Planeptune ' s Goddess ( Neptune ) The Terrorist ( Lickorrist ) of Lowee A Weekend ( Girl ' s Night ) in Leanbox The Sister ' s Resolve ( Turn ) The Goddesses ' Resonance ( Over Limit ) Lastation ' s Secret ( For Your Eyes Only ) The Fruit ( Deep Purple ) of Revenge The Forbidden Paradise ( Island ) Eden ' s Challenge ( Rebellion ) Front ( Conflict ) of Forgetting The Messenger ( Aggressor ) from the Past The Ties ( Bitfrosts ) of Tomorrow Hyperdimension Neptunia RE ; Birth 1 Equipment / Misc gameplay Terms / Locations Playable characters Broccoli Cyberconnect2 Mages MarvelousAQL Tekken Rom Ram ) ( DLC ) ) ( DLC ) ) ( DLC ) Conversation Chian Ganache Financier / Miss Chamberlain Older Brother Younger Brother Dengekiko Hyperdimension Neptunia Re ; Birth 3 : V Generation Trophies challenges scouts quests Basilicom HDD Gamindustri < Hyperdimension Ultradimension > ( Celestia Eden Hello Continent Lastation Leanbox Lowee PC Continent Remake System Lily Rank Shares The Guild Nariyuki Dungeon Hyperdimension ( DLC ) : Red Cave 5pb MAGES . Kei Jinguji Mina Nishizawa Chika Hakozaki Ultradimension ( DLC ) : Warechu Copypaste Mr . Badd Croire Bamo Regu Dogoo Scouts Felis Nepgima DLC : Uzume Tennouboshi Umio Famitsu Deco Furapura Stella Categories HDD users Planeptune residents Goddess Neptunia Victory character Neptunia : The Animation character Neptunia Re ; Birth 1 character Neptunia Re ; Birth 1 DLC Neptunia ( manga ) character Neptunia Re ; Birth 3 character Scouts Cyberdimension Neptune character MegaTagmension character Female Healers Heroes Allies Add category | [
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http://hyperextended-knee1.blogspot.com/2012/03/how-to-recover-from-hyperextended-knee.html | How to Recover from Hyperextended Knee Injury ? Knowing to How to Recover from Hyperextended Knee Injury ? Hyperextended knee injury can occur very frequently in people . The knee is often twisted or stretched in such a way that the ligaments tear to cause severe pain , walking discomfort and have long - lasting effects . There are some immediate symptoms of hyperextended knee that needs to be taken into consideration in order to prevent long - term injuries . Looking for Hyperextended Knee - What is Hyperextension and how does it occur ? Hyperextension occurs in a knee when there is excessive pressure on the knee ligaments that force the ligaments to stretch further than the normal range of motion . Usually , the knee tends to bend back all by itself . Hyperextension usually ranges from mild injury , typically a sore that heals within a period of 2 to 4 weeks . However , it can be a serious injury too that can cause immense pain and might require some extensive medications or even a surgery . Learning about Hyperextended Knee - What are the Immediate Symptoms ? There could be several symptoms of a hyperextended knee that will gradually lead to a lot of pain and discomfort in movement . A sudden pop sound might be heard from the knee if the knee is placed slightly out of range . Pain on either sides of the knee and the back of the knee is very common , followed by swelling immediately after the injury . Most significant signs include immobility and inability to play or run . The knee suddenly becomes unstable ; however , it might not be significant to the swelling . Although walking is not restricted , it might be very painful to Caring for Hyperextended Knee If you are experiencing pain in the knee and you can also notice swelling , it is likely that your knee needs attention and evaluation at the earliest . Impaired motion and pain should be examined and treated carefully . It is advised not to try the method of self - diagnosis as it could lead to prolonged suffering and pain . As the knee joint is complicated , it can be the cause of many injuries and might also have several complications . Proper treatment and care is imperative for recovery . Time for Recovery Usually , it takes 2 to 4 weeks for to heal completely . Physical therapy and rest are the two primary methods of treatment for this condition . Knee pain medications can also be given for the treatment . Knee that has been through ligament treating at the time of injury might also require some amount of physical therapy for 6 to 9 months before a person can return to his athletic activities . Immediate Treatment for Hyperextended Knee Treatment should be started immediately after diagnosis . Usually , the options include crutches at an elevated position , when a person is either lying or sitting down and icing the injury . There are some quick medicines to relieve pain , such as acetaminophen . However , it will not soothe the pain immediately . The treatment for knee pain usually requires time and a lot of rest and care . Physical therapy is often needed for mild to moderate hypertension . The last option is surgery , in case of the condition is severe and seems irreversible . Posted by Varinthorn Phengtong at 7 : 00 PM Email This BlogThis ! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels : Hyperextended Knee Symptoms | [
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/quantum/xtube.html | X - ray Tube X - rays for medical diagnostic procedures or for research purposes are produced in a standard way : by accelerating electrons with a high voltage and allowing them to collide with a metal target . X - rays are produced when the electrons are suddenly decelerated upon collision with the metal target ; these x - rays are commonly called brehmsstrahlung or " braking radiation " . If the bombarding electrons have sufficient energy , they can knock an electron out of an inner shell of the target metal atoms . Then electrons from higher states drop down to fill the vacancy , emitting x - ray photons with precise energies determined by the electron energy levels . These x - rays are called characteristic x - rays Characteristic x - rays Brehmsstrahlung Index HyperPhysics * * * * * Quantum Physics R Nave Go Back | [
"X-ray Tube",
"accelerating electrons",
"Quantum Physics"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Astro/para.html | Stellar Parallax A nearby star ' s apparent movement against the background of more distant stars as the Earth revolves around the Sun is referred to as stellar parallax . This exaggerated view shows how we can see the movement of nearby stars relative to the background of much more distant stars and use that movement to calculate the distance to the nearby star . The parallax can be used to measure the distance to the few stars which are close enough to the Sun to show a measurable parallax . The distance to the star is inversely proportional to the parallax . The distance to the star in parsecs is given by The nearest star is proxima centauri , which exhibits a parallax of 0.762 arcsec , and therefore is 1.31 parsecs away . Some well - known examples of distance measurement by parallax are 61 Cygni at 1 / 3 of an arcsec , distance 3 parsecs , and Barnard ' s Star at 1.8 parsecs = 5.9 light years . Barnard ' s Star also exhibits a large proper motion The distance at which parallax can be reliably measured has now been greatly extended by space - based instruments like the Hipparcos satellite . Index Distance measurement References Kaufman , Universe Chaisson & McMillan HyperPhysics * * * * * Astrophysics R Nave Go Back Distance Units The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is a natural distance unit and is called an Astronomical Unit ( AU ) . 1 AU = 1.495978 x 10 11 m The light year ( ly ) is another often used distant unit 1 ly = 9.46053 x 10 15 m = 6.324 x 10 4 AU An often preferrable large distance unit is the parsec ( pc ) , the distance at which one AU would subtend a second of arc : 1 pc = 3.085678 x 10 16 m = 3.261633 ly = 206265 AU Magnitude Time Units Index Distance measurement HyperPhysics * * * * * Astrophysics R Nave Go Back Proper Motion The change in a star ' s position in the sky as a result of its true motion through space is called proper motion . This is distinguished from the annual apparent motion in the sky caused by the Earth ' s orbit around the Sun . This apparent motion permits distance measurement by parallax The largest proper motion is exhibited by Barnard ' s Star which is about 5.9 light years from the Earth . Barnard Star ' s proper motion is 10.3 arcseconds per year , taking only 200 years to travel the angular diameter of the moon across the sky . Time Units The sidereal year = 365.2564 mean solar days = 365d 6h 9m 10s The tropical year = 365.2422 mean solar days = 365d 5h 48m 46s The tropical year is different from the sidereal year because of the precession of the Earth . Magnitude Magnitude is a historical unit of stellar brightness and is defined such that a change of 5 magnitudes represents a factor of 100 in intensity . First magnitude was supposed to be the brightness of the brightest stars , but with quantitative measurement some stars were found to be brighter than those used for the standard . The definition of magnitude above reduces to the following expression for change in magnitude : Magnitude change = implies x10 times intensity . As a number assigned to the visual brightness of an object , the magnitude is said to be the apparent magnitude . Star A will have the same apparent magnitude as star B if B has four times the luminosity but is twice as far away . The light power that reaches us drops off according to the inverse square law . To compare the intrinsic brightnesses of objects , their apparent magnitudes can be adjusted to that which would be observed at the same distance . A distance of 10 parsecs has been chosen as a convenient distance for comparison , and the magnitude an object would have at 10 pc is called its absolute magnitude The magnitude scale was devised by the second century Greek astronomer Hipparchus . He divided all stars into 6 magnitudes with magnitude 1 being the brightest star and magnitude 6 being the faintest star visible with the unaided eye . Magnitude Examples Magnitude Examples The magnitude is a comparative stellar brightness scale . First magnitude was supposed to be the brightness of the brightest stars , but with quantitative measurement some stars were found to be brighter than those used for the standard . About 6th magnitude represents the faintest stars which can be seen by the unaided eye . Some other examples are : Sun - 26.8 Moon - 12.6 Venus - 4.4 Faintest for naked eye visibility + 6 Brightest quasar + 12.8 Faintest star visible at Kitt Peak + 24 | [
"Stellar Parallax",
"proxima centauri",
"Hipparcos"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/animal.html | The Animal Kingdom Though there is great diversity in the animal kingdom , animals can be distinguished from the other kingdoms by a set of characteristics . Though other types of life may share some of these characteristics , the set of characteristics as a whole provide a distinction from the other kingdoms . The set of characteristics provided by Audesirk and Audesirk are : Animals are multicellular . Animals are heterotrophic , obtaining their energy by consuming energy - releasing food substances . Animals typically reproduce sexually . Animals are made up of cells that do not have cell walls . Animals are capable of motion in some stage of their lives . Animals are able to respond quickly to external stimuli as a result of nerve cells , muscle or contractile tissue , or both . This material is part of a brief overview of the topics studied in biology with the intent to highlight the connections to basic ideas in physics and physical science . Index Reference Audesirk & Audesirk Ch 22 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back | [
"The Animal Kingdom"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/atp.html | Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life . It is the high - energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do . It is present in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of every cell , and essentially all the physiological mechanisms that require energy for operation obtain it directly from the stored ATP . ( Guyton ) As food in the cells is gradually oxidized , the released energy is used to re - form the ATP so that the cell always maintains a supply 26 molecules or > 160kg of ATP is formed in the human body daily ! ATP is remarkable for its ability to enter into many coupled reactions , both those to food to extract energy and with the reactions in other physiological processes to provide energy to them . In animal systems , the ATP can be synthesized in the process of glycolysis in which there is a net production of two ATP molecules in a cycle . This glycolysis is a major step in anaerobic respiration . For aerobic respiration the glycolysis is also a source of ATP but the more productive process in the tiny energy factories called mitochondria plays a major role in the production of ATP . The structure of ATP has an ordered carbon compound as a backbone , but the part that is really critical is the phosphorous part - the triphosphate . Three phosphorous groups are connected by oxygens to each other , and there are also side oxygens connected to the phosphorous atoms . Under the normal conditions in the body , each of these oxygens has a negative charge , and therefore repel each other . These bunched up negative charges want to escape - to get away from each other , so there is a lot of potential energy here . If you remove just one of these phosphate groups from the end , so that there are just two phosphate groups , the molecule is much happier . This conversion from ATP to ADP is an extremely crucial reaction for the supplying of energy for life processes . Just the cutting of one bond with the accompanying rearrangement is sufficient to liberate about 7.3 kilocalories per mole = 30.6 kJ / mol . This is about the same as the energy in a single peanut . Living things can use ATP like a battery . The ATP can power needed reactions by losing one of its phosphorous groups to form ADP , but you can use food energy in the mitochondria to convert the ADP back to ATP so that the energy is again available to do needed work . In plants , sunlight energy can be used to convert the less active compound back to the highly energetic form . For animals , you use the energy from your high energy storage molecules to do what you need to do to keep yourself alive , glucose operates in a cycle called the TCA cycle or Krebs cycle in eukaryotic cells to provide energy for the conversion of ADP to ATP . Order and disorder in biological systems . Energy cycle in living things Index Second law concepts Reference Guyton Ch 45 Karp Ch 5 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back Conversion from ATP to ADP Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) is the energy currency of life and it provides that energy for most biological processes by being converted to ADP ( adenosine diphosphate ) . Since the basic reaction involves a water molecule , ATP + H 2 O → ADP + P i this reaction is commonly referred to as the hydrolysis of ATP . The structure of ATP has an ordered carbon compound as a backbone , but the part that is really critical is the phosphorous part - the triphosphate . Three phosphorous groups are connected by oxygens to each other , and there are also side oxygens connected to the phosphorous atoms . Under the normal conditions in the body , each of these oxygens has a negative charge , and as you know , electrons want to be with protons - the negative charges repel each other . These bunched up negative charges want to escape - to get away from If you remove just one of these phosphate groups from the end , so that there are just two phosphate groups , the molecule is much happier . If you cut this bond , the energy is sufficient to liberate about 7000 calories per mole , about the same as the energy in a single peanut . Living things can use ATP like a battery . The ATP can power needed reactions by losing one of its phosphorous groups to form ADP , but you can use food energy in the mitochondria to convert the ADP back to ATP so that the energy is again available to do needed work . In plants , sunlight energy can be used to convert the less active compound back to the highly energetic form . For animals , you use the energy from your high energy storage molecules to do what you need to do to keep yourself alive , Examples of free energy change ΔG from this reaction . Order and disorder in biological systems . Energy cycle in living things Index Second law concepts HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back Free Energy from Hydrolysis of ATP Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) is the energy currency of life and it provides that energy for most biological processes by being converted to ADP ( adenosine diphosphate ) . Since the basic reaction involves a water molecule , ATP + H 2 O → ADP + P i this reaction is commonly referred to as the hydrolysis of ATP . The change in Gibbs free energy in the reaction is used to assess the energy yield of such reactions , and as a general indicator of the spontaneity of reactions . Under standard conditions this change ΔG 0 ' is But inside a living cell , typical concentrations of the reactants might be [ ATP ] = 10mM , [ ADP ] = 1mM and [ P ] = 10mM . Under those conditions the free energy change is Because of the concentrations of ATP and ADP in the cell , the conditions are very favorable for the use of the hydrolysis of ATP as an energy source . In fact , many processes with positive ΔG values can take place when coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP . Reference Karp Ch 3 | [
"Adenosine Triphosphate",
"nucleoplasm",
"cytoplasm"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/ferment.html | Fermentation Two pathways of anaerobic respiration in cells are fermentation pathways , one producing ethanol and the other producing lactate . Both fermentation processes replenish the necessary NAD + for glycolysis to proceed with its net yield of 2 ATP molecules per glucose . Cellular Respiration Index Reference Audesirk & Audesirk Ch 8 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back | [
"Fermentation",
"anaerobic respiration",
"glycolysis"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/glycolysis.html | Glycolysis Glycolysis , part of cellular respiration , is a series of reactions that constitute the first phase of most carbohydrate catabolism , catabolism meaning the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones . The word glycolysis is derived from two Greek words and means the breakdown of something sweet . Glycolysis breaks down glucose and forms pyruvate with the production of two molecules of ATP . The pyruvate end product of glycolysis can be used in either anaerobic respiration if no oxygen is available or in aerobic respiration via the TCA cycle which yields much more usable energy for the cell . The following general outline of glycolysis follows the organization of Audesirk & Audesirk . A glucose molecule is energized by the addition of a high - energy phosphate from ATP , forming glucose - 6 - phosphate . A rearrangement of the molecule forms fructose - 6 - phosphate . Using the available energy of a second ATP molecule , a second phosphate is added to the fructose . The fructose - 1 , 6 - biphosphate is split into two three - carbon molecules , each having one phosphate group attached . The dihydrooxacetone ( DHAP ) quickly rearranges to form another G3P molecule , so the net result is two G3P molecules . In near - simultaneous reactions , each G3P molecule gains an inorganic phosphorous while contributing two electrons and a hydrogen ion to NAD + to form the energized carrier molecules NADH . The resulting molecules have two high - energy phosphates . Two molecules of low energy ADP are elevated to ATP molecules by phosphates from the biphosphoglycerates . This recovers the energy invested in the first step of the glycolysis . The remaining phosphorous is relocated to the center position . The final phosphate is transferred to ADP to form ATP , and this step represents the net yield of 2 ATP for the glycolysis process as a whole . Cellular Respiration Index Reference Enger & Ross Ch 6 Audesirk & Audesirk Ch 8 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back | [
"Glycolysis",
"cellular respiration",
"catabolism"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/kcal.html | The Dietary Calorie The dietary Calorie is an energy unit commonly used to describe the energy content of foods . The physical unit " calorie " is the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius , and the dietary Calorie is a kilocalorie = 1000 calories . The dietary Calorie would then raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by 1 ° C . It is equal to 4186 joules . It is common practice to just use the unit kcal to avoid the confusion between " calorie " and " Calorie " . The following table contains energy values for some selected foods in kcal . Food kcal / g Food kcal / g Apples , raw 0.64 Meat , lean 0.27 Beans , navy 3.54 Milk , whole 0.72 Bread , white 2.66 Oatmeal , cooked 0.63 Butter 7.95 Oranje juice 0.43 Buttermilk 0.37 Potatoes , boiled 0.97 Cheese , cheddar 3.93 Rice , cooked 1.12 Chocolate 5.70 Salmon , broiled 1.70 Cream , 40 % 3.81 Spinach , cooked 0.58 Egg , boiled 1.62 Sugar , granulated 3.94 Ice cream , plain 2.10 Tomato 0.23 Lard 9.30 Turnip 0.27 Lettuce , leaf 0.20 . . . . . . Order and disorder in biological systems . Index Reference Nave and Nave Ch 10 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back | [
"Dietary Calorie",
"energy unit"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/plaene.html | Plant Energy Transport Plants are classified as autotrophs because they manufacture their needed nutrients by photosynthesis , converting carbon dioxide and water to sugar fuels with the addition of energy from the Sun . In times of rapid photosynthesis , the main product is glucose , but it is usually converted to the larger sugar sucrose . These sugars that are synthesized in the leaves must be transported to other parts of the plant . Other structures in the plants such as roots and flowers require the energy but can not manufacture it . Also , sugars may be stored in the roots and stem . The sugar and other organic molecules are transported through the plant by means of a special layer of tissue called phloem . Phloem is composed of living cells that transport a water solution of sugars that we commonly call sap . This movement is modeled by the pressure - flow theory , a part of which is that the sugar - containing fluid is moved through sieve tubes by fluid pressure . By this means , nutrients can be moved from the photosynthetic site ( the source ) to the place where the sugar is being used ( the sink ) whether it is up or down the stem of the plant . Index Reference Audesirk & Audesirk Ch 23 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back Pressure - Flow Theory for Nutrient Transfer After sugars are produced in photosynthesis , these sugars must be transported to other parts of the plant for use in the plant ' s metabolism . Part of the pressure - flow theory is that the sucrose produced is moved by active transport into the companion cells of the phloem in leaf veins . This raises the concentration of sucrose molecules in the companion cells above that in the sieve tubes , so they can then move into the sieve tubes by diffusion . With the concentration of sucrose now greater in the sieve tubes than external to them , water molecules will move into the sieve tubes near those photosynthesis locations by osmosis . With a larger amount of water in the tube , its fluid pressure will be higher than at distant locations in the tube , and the pressure difference will cause flow in those directions . At some distance from the photosynthetic source , there may be a region , say in a fruit , where sugar is needed . This theory suggests that the sucrose is transported into the fruit by active transport , raising the sugar concentration in the fruit relative to the sieve tube . In response to this concentration difference , water will follow the sugar into the fruit by osmosis . The movement of the water from the sieve tube into the fruit lowers the fluid pressure at that location , continuing to produce the pressure gradient that leads to bulk flow of water to the fruit , carrying the dissolved sugar with it . Index Reference Audesirk & Audesirk Ch 23 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back Phloem , the Medium for Plant Energy Transfer In the stems of plants is a layer of living tissue called phloem that forms a medium for the movement of a sugar - rich fluid ( sap ) and which is therefore a key part of the energy transport within vascular plants . Part of the phloem is made up of sieve tubes which are constructed of specialized sieve tube cells with no nuclei . The sieve tubes permit the flow of sugar solution under the influence of a fluid pressure differential according to the pressure - flow theory . Phloem also contains companion cells for the sieve tubes which aid in the transport of sugars to the tubes . | [
"Plant Energy Transport",
"photosynthesis",
"phloem"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Mechanics/slug.html | What is a Slug ? The slug is the unit of mass in the US common system of units , where the pound is the unit of force . The pound is therefore the unit of weight since weight is defined as the force of gravity on an object . While the pound force and pound weight are the widely used units for commerce in the United States , their use is strongly discouraged in scientific work . The standard units for most of scientific work are the SI units . A newton can be seen to be the force required to accelerate 1 kg of mass at 1 m / s 2 . To accelerate a 1 kg mass at 9.8 m / s 2 would require 9.8 newtons , so on Earth the weight of 1 kg is 9.8 newtons . Similarly , a pound can be seen to be the force required to accelerate 1 slug of mass at 1 ft / s . Since the acceleration of gravity in US common units is 32.2 ft / s , it follows that the weight of one slug is 32.2 pounds . The comparison of the slug and the pound makes it clear why the size of the pound is more practical for commerce . But at the precision obtainable in current scientific work , it is undesirable to have the weight of an object as a standard because the value of g does change measurably at different points on the Earth . It is much better to have a standard in terms of mass . The standard kilogram is the mass reference for scientific work . These demonstration objects were photographed in Zig Peacock ' s excellent demonstration laboratory at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City . Calculation of weight Index Newton ' s 2nd Law Concepts HyperPhysics * * * * * Mechanics * * * * * Rotation R Nave Go Back | [
"Slug",
"mass",
"force"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Music/vowel.html | Forming the Vowel Sounds The vocal resonances are altered by the articulators to form distinguishable vowel sounds The peaks in the vowel spectra are called vocal formants Note the prominent role of the tongue in this process The jaw position and lips also play a major part The sketches at left above are adapted from Gunnar Fants Acoustic theory of speech production and are reportedly sketches taken from xrays of the head during the production of these sounds These are the vowels classified as IPA a i and u and roughly correlate with the vowels represented in the spectra from Benade The emphasis should be on roughly since I dont know how close the correlation is The intent here is to illustrate the role of the articulators and to point to the fact that their action has a major influence on the harmonic content of the voiced sounds The normal ear is able to clearly distinguish those differences Further discussion of Fants presentation Other examples Index Voice concepts Musical instruments References Sundberg Sci Amer Benade Ch 19 Fant HyperPhysics Sound R Nave Go Back After Denes Pinson The Speech Chain Formation of vowel sounds Examples of the changing shapes of the vocal mechanism in a process called articulation as it forms different vowel sounds Vowel spectra Index Voice concepts Musical instruments HyperPhysics Sound R Nave Go Back Vocal Formants The term formant refers to peaks in the harmonic spectrum of a complex sound They are usually associated with but not necessarily equal to some sort of resonance of the source Because of their resonant origin they tend to stay essentially the same when the frequency of the fundamental is changed Formants in the sound of the human voice are particularly important because they are essential components in the intelligibility of speech For example the distinguishability of the vowel sounds can be attributed to the differences in their first three formant frequencies Producing different vowel sounds amounts to retuning these formants within a general range of frequencies Benade suggests the following ranges of frequencies for the formants of a male voice 1st formant 150850 Hz 2nd formant 5002500 Hz 3rd formant 15003500 Hz 4th formant 25004800 Hz The process of articulation determines the frequencies of the vocal formants Sundberg has identified portions of the vocal anatomy which he associates with the formant frequencies The jaw opening which constricts the vocal tract toward the glottal end and expands it toward the lip end is the deciding factor for the first formant This formant frequency rises as the jaw is opened wider The second formant is most sensitive to the shape of the body of the tongue and the third formant is most sensitive to the tip of the tongue Examples Index Voice concepts Musical instruments Reference Benade Ch 19 Sundberg Wolfe Formant HyperPhysics Sound R Nave Go Back Vowel Formants The recognizable quality of the sound of different vowel sounds is attributed to the existence of formant regions frequency ranges where the sound is enhanced by the cavity resonances of the human vocal mechanism The plots at left show that the formant frequencies are distinctly different for the three vowel sounds indicated The inner ear acts as an analyzer and can clearly distinguish these vowel sounds The formants are quite similar for the same vowel at different frequencies enabling it to be recognized regardless of the pitch Sketches of vocal mechanism during vowel formation How does the ear distinguish the vowel sounds This is another example of vowel sounds produced at a frequency of 325 Hz by a female voice It shows the display vs time on the left to show the waveforms and the Fast Fourier Transform on the right to show the distinctive harmonic content of the vowels There is considerable variation but the ear acts as a harmonic analyzer and can easily distinguish and recognize these sounds Index Voice concepts Musical instruments Reference Benade Ch 19 HyperPhysics Sound R Nave Go Back | [
"Vowel Sounds",
"vocal formants",
"jaw"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Nuclear/tracer.html | Radioactive Tracers Radioactivity is Unaffected by Physical or Chemical State The radioactive half - life for a given radioisotope is a measure of the tendency of the nucleus to " decay " or " disintegrate " and as such is based purely upon that probability . The tiny nuclear size compared to the atom and the enormity of the forces which act within it make it almost totally impervious to the outside world . The half - life is independent of the physical state ( solid , liquid , gas ) , temperature , pressure , the chemical compound in which the nucleus finds itself , and essentially any other outside influence . It is independent of the chemistry of the atomic surface , and independent of the ordinary physical factors of the outside world . The only thing which can alter the half - life is direct nuclear interaction with a particle from outside , e.g. , a high carbon dating . As long as the nucleus of the isotope remains intact , the half - life of a radioactive tracer can be depended upon . Index HyperPhysics * * * * * Nuclear R Nave Go Back | [
"Radioactive Tracers",
"Nuclear Medicine",
"radioactive isotope"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/acons.html | Constant Acceleration Motion Constant acceleration motion can be characterized by formulae and by motion graphs Show development of formuli from calculus . Index Motion concepts HyperPhysics * * * * * Mechanics R Nave Go Back Calculus Application for Constant Acceleration The motion equations for the case of constant acceleration can be developed by integration of the acceleration . The process can be reversed by taking successive derivatives On the left hand side above , the constant acceleration is integrated to obtain the velocity . For this indefinite integral , there is a constant of integration . But in this physical case , the constant of integration has a very definite meaning and can be determined as an intial condition on the movement . Note that if you set t = 0 , then v = v 0 , the initial value of the velocity . Likewise the further integration of the velocity to get an expression for the position gives a constant of integration . Checking the case where t = 0 shows us that the constant of integration is the initial position x 0 . It is true as a general property that when you integrate a second derivative of a quantity to get an expression for the quantity , you will have to provide the values of two constants of integration . In this case their specific meanings are the initial conditions on the distance and velocity . Show framework for time dependent acceleration . Index Motion concepts Velocity and acceleration HyperPhysics * * * * * Mechanics R Nave Go Back Time Dependent Acceleration If the acceleration of an object is time dependent , then calculus methods are required for motion analysis . The relationships between position velocity and acceleration can be expressed in terms of derivatives or integrals Show constant acceleration case . Acceleration as polynomial in time . Velocity and acceleration | [
"Constant acceleration motion",
"Time Dependent Acceleration"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html | Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life . It is the high - energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do . It is present in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of every cell , and essentially all the physiological mechanisms that require energy for operation obtain it directly from the stored ATP . ( Guyton ) As food in the cells is gradually oxidized , the released energy is used to re - form the ATP so that the cell always maintains a supply 26 molecules or > 160kg of ATP is formed in the human body daily ! ATP is remarkable for its ability to enter into many coupled reactions , both those to food to extract energy and with the reactions in other physiological processes to provide energy to them . In animal systems , the ATP can be synthesized in the process of glycolysis in which there is a net production of two ATP molecules in a cycle . This glycolysis is a major step in anaerobic respiration . For aerobic respiration the glycolysis is also a source of ATP but the more productive process in the tiny energy factories called mitochondria plays a major role in the production of ATP . The structure of ATP has an ordered carbon compound as a backbone , but the part that is really critical is the phosphorous part - the triphosphate . Three phosphorous groups are connected by oxygens to each other , and there are also side oxygens connected to the phosphorous atoms . Under the normal conditions in the body , each of these oxygens has a negative charge , and therefore repel each other . These bunched up negative charges want to escape - to get away from each other , so there is a lot of potential energy here . If you remove just one of these phosphate groups from the end , so that there are just two phosphate groups , the molecule is much happier . This conversion from ATP to ADP is an extremely crucial reaction for the supplying of energy for life processes . Just the cutting of one bond with the accompanying rearrangement is sufficient to liberate about 7.3 kilocalories per mole = 30.6 kJ / mol . This is about the same as the energy in a single peanut . Living things can use ATP like a battery . The ATP can power needed reactions by losing one of its phosphorous groups to form ADP , but you can use food energy in the mitochondria to convert the ADP back to ATP so that the energy is again available to do needed work . In plants , sunlight energy can be used to convert the less active compound back to the highly energetic form . For animals , you use the energy from your high energy storage molecules to do what you need to do to keep yourself alive , glucose operates in a cycle called the TCA cycle or Krebs cycle in eukaryotic cells to provide energy for the conversion of ADP to ATP . Order and disorder in biological systems . Energy cycle in living things Index Second law concepts Reference Guyton Ch 45 Karp Ch 5 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back Conversion from ATP to ADP Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) is the energy currency of life and it provides that energy for most biological processes by being converted to ADP ( adenosine diphosphate ) . Since the basic reaction involves a water molecule , ATP + H 2 O → ADP + P i this reaction is commonly referred to as the hydrolysis of ATP . The structure of ATP has an ordered carbon compound as a backbone , but the part that is really critical is the phosphorous part - the triphosphate . Three phosphorous groups are connected by oxygens to each other , and there are also side oxygens connected to the phosphorous atoms . Under the normal conditions in the body , each of these oxygens has a negative charge , and as you know , electrons want to be with protons - the negative charges repel each other . These bunched up negative charges want to escape - to get away from If you remove just one of these phosphate groups from the end , so that there are just two phosphate groups , the molecule is much happier . If you cut this bond , the energy is sufficient to liberate about 7000 calories per mole , about the same as the energy in a single peanut . Living things can use ATP like a battery . The ATP can power needed reactions by losing one of its phosphorous groups to form ADP , but you can use food energy in the mitochondria to convert the ADP back to ATP so that the energy is again available to do needed work . In plants , sunlight energy can be used to convert the less active compound back to the highly energetic form . For animals , you use the energy from your high energy storage molecules to do what you need to do to keep yourself alive , Examples of free energy change ΔG from this reaction . Order and disorder in biological systems . Energy cycle in living things Index Second law concepts HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back Free Energy from Hydrolysis of ATP Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) is the energy currency of life and it provides that energy for most biological processes by being converted to ADP ( adenosine diphosphate ) . Since the basic reaction involves a water molecule , ATP + H 2 O → ADP + P i this reaction is commonly referred to as the hydrolysis of ATP . The change in Gibbs free energy in the reaction is used to assess the energy yield of such reactions , and as a general indicator of the spontaneity of reactions . Under standard conditions this change ΔG 0 ' is But inside a living cell , typical concentrations of the reactants might be [ ATP ] = 10mM , [ ADP ] = 1mM and [ P ] = 10mM . Under those conditions the free energy change is Because of the concentrations of ATP and ADP in the cell , the conditions are very favorable for the use of the hydrolysis of ATP as an energy source . In fact , many processes with positive ΔG values can take place when coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP . Reference Karp Ch 3 | [
"Adenosine triphosphate",
"high-energy molecule",
"phosphate groups"
] |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/plaene.html | Plant Energy Transport Plants are classified as autotrophs because they manufacture their needed nutrients by photosynthesis , converting carbon dioxide and water to sugar fuels with the addition of energy from the Sun . In times of rapid photosynthesis , the main product is glucose , but it is usually converted to the larger sugar sucrose . These sugars that are synthesized in the leaves must be transported to other parts of the plant . Other structures in the plants such as roots and flowers require the energy but can not manufacture it . Also , sugars may be stored in the roots and stem . The sugar and other organic molecules are transported through the plant by means of a special layer of tissue called phloem . Phloem is composed of living cells that transport a water solution of sugars that we commonly call sap . This movement is modeled by the pressure - flow theory , a part of which is that the sugar - containing fluid is moved through sieve tubes by fluid pressure . By this means , nutrients can be moved from the photosynthetic site ( the source ) to the place where the sugar is being used ( the sink ) whether it is up or down the stem of the plant . Index Reference Audesirk & Audesirk Ch 23 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back Pressure - Flow Theory for Nutrient Transfer After sugars are produced in photosynthesis , these sugars must be transported to other parts of the plant for use in the plant ' s metabolism . Part of the pressure - flow theory is that the sucrose produced is moved by active transport into the companion cells of the phloem in leaf veins . This raises the concentration of sucrose molecules in the companion cells above that in the sieve tubes , so they can then move into the sieve tubes by diffusion . With the concentration of sucrose now greater in the sieve tubes than external to them , water molecules will move into the sieve tubes near those photosynthesis locations by osmosis . With a larger amount of water in the tube , its fluid pressure will be higher than at distant locations in the tube , and the pressure difference will cause flow in those directions . At some distance from the photosynthetic source , there may be a region , say in a fruit , where sugar is needed . This theory suggests that the sucrose is transported into the fruit by active transport , raising the sugar concentration in the fruit relative to the sieve tube . In response to this concentration difference , water will follow the sugar into the fruit by osmosis . The movement of the water from the sieve tube into the fruit lowers the fluid pressure at that location , continuing to produce the pressure gradient that leads to bulk flow of water to the fruit , carrying the dissolved sugar with it . Index Reference Audesirk & Audesirk Ch 23 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back Phloem , the Medium for Plant Energy Transfer In the stems of plants is a layer of living tissue called phloem that forms a medium for the movement of a sugar - rich fluid ( sap ) and which is therefore a key part of the energy transport within vascular plants . Part of the phloem is made up of sieve tubes which are constructed of specialized sieve tube cells with no nuclei . The sieve tubes permit the flow of sugar solution under the influence of a fluid pressure differential according to the pressure - flow theory . Phloem also contains companion cells for the sieve tubes which aid in the transport of sugars to the tubes . | [
"Plant Energy",
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/tca.html | The TCA Cycle The tricarboxylic acid cycle ( TCA cycle ) is a series of enzyme - catalyzed chemical reactions that form a key part of aerobic respiration in cells . This cycle is also called the Krebs cycle and the citric acid cycle . The greatly simplified cycle below starts with pyruvate , which is the end product of gylcolysis , the first step of all types of cell respiration . Since it is well known that ATP is the energy currency that is used for nearly every task in the human body and other organisms , it may seem surprising that so little ATP is produced directly by the TCA cycle . But the TCA cycle as shown here represents the process taking place in the matrix of the mitochondria using the reactions with NAD + and FAD which carry high energy electrons to the electron transport systems in the inner mitochondrial membrane . The reactions there are responsible for the production of most of the ATP yield by chemiosmosis . This shows the TCA cycle in the context of what is happening in the inner mitochondrial membrane . It ' s role can be seen as giving energy to the reduced coenzyme NADH which then powers the electron transport process in the membrane . The energy is used by the protein complexes to produce a proton gradient which in turn powers ATP synthase in its role of producing the needed ATP . Add compound names to TCA cycle Cellular Respiration Index Reference Audesirk & Audesirk Ch 8 HyperPhysics * * * * * Biology R Nave Go Back | [
"tricarboxylic acid cycle ( TCA cycle )",
"enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions",
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/forwir2.html | Magnetic Force on a Current - Carrying Wire The magnetic force on a current - carrying wire is perpendicular to both the wire and the magnetic field with direction given by the right hand rule If the current is perpendicular to the magnetic field then the force is given by the simple product : Force = Current x Length x B - field For current I = A = x 10 A and length L = x 10 m positioned perpendicular to a magnetic field B = Tesla = Gauss the force is F = x 10 N . If the angle between the current and magnetic field is degrees the force is F = x 10 N . Data may be entered in any of the fields . Whey you have finished entering data , click on the quantity you wish to calculate in the active formula above . The quantities will not be forced to be consistent until you click on a choice . Default values will be entered for unspecified parameters , but all values may be changed . Magnetic interactions with charge Magnetic force applications Index Electromagnetic force Magnetic field concepts HyperPhysics * * * * * Electricity and Magnetism R Nave Go Back | [
"Magnetic Force",
"Current-Carrying Wire",
"right hand rule"
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/helmholtz.html | Helmholtz Coils A useful laboratory technique for getting a fairly uniform magnetic field is to use a pair of circular coils on a common axis with equal currents flowing in the same sense . For a given coil radius , you can calculate the separation needed to give the most uniform central field . This separation is equal to the radius of the coils . The magnetic field lines for this geometry are illustrated below . The magnetic field on the centerline of a current loop can be calculated from the Biot - Savart law . The magnetic field from the two loops of the Helmholtz coil arrangement can be obtained by superimposing the two constituent fields . Reverse one coil to get a magnetic quadrupole field Magnetic field plots Index Magnetic field concepts | [
"Helmholtz Coils",
"Biot-Savart law"
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mechanics/slug.html | What is a Slug ? The slug is the unit of mass in the US common system of units , where the pound is the unit of force . The pound is therefore the unit of weight since weight is defined as the force of gravity on an object . While the pound force and pound weight are the widely used units for commerce in the United States , their use is strongly discouraged in scientific work . The standard units for most of scientific work are the SI units . A newton can be seen to be the force required to accelerate 1 kg of mass at 1 m / s 2 . To accelerate a 1 kg mass at 9.8 m / s 2 would require 9.8 newtons , so on Earth the weight of 1 kg is 9.8 newtons . Similarly , a pound can be seen to be the force required to accelerate 1 slug of mass at 1 ft / s . Since the acceleration of gravity in US common units is 32.2 ft / s , it follows that the weight of one slug is 32.2 pounds . The comparison of the slug and the pound makes it clear why the size of the pound is more practical for commerce . But at the precision obtainable in current scientific work , it is undesirable to have the weight of an object as a standard because the value of g does change measurably at different points on the Earth . It is much better to have a standard in terms of mass . The standard kilogram is the mass reference for scientific work . These demonstration objects were photographed in Zig Peacock ' s excellent demonstration laboratory at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City . Calculation of weight Index Newton ' s 2nd Law Concepts HyperPhysics * * * * * Mechanics * * * * * Rotation R Nave Go Back | [
"Slug",
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pertab/cr.html | Chromium Symbol Cr Atomic number 24 Atomic mass 51.966 Thermal conductivity 0.937 Atomic radius 1.85 Covalent radius 1.18 Density 7.19 Atomic volume 7.23 Melting point 2130 Oxidation states 6 , 3 , 2 Boiling point 2945 Stable isotopes 4 Heat of vapor . 344.3 Electronegativity 1.66 Heat of fusion 16.9 First ionization 6.766 Specific heat 0.45 Electrical conduct . . . . Electron configuration General description Nuclear data Index Periodic Table Chemistry concepts HyperPhysics R Nave Go Back | [
"Chromium",
"Nuclear Data"
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/grating.html | Diffraction Grating Diffraction Grating A diffraction grating is the tool of choice for separating the colors in incident light . This illustration is qualitative and intended mainly to show the clear separation of the wavelengths of light . There are multiple orders of the peaks associated with the interference of light through the multiple slits . The intensities of these peaks are affected by the diffraction envelope which is determined by the width of the single slits making up the grating . The overall grating intensity is given by the product of the intensity expressions for interference and diffraction . The relative widths of the interference and diffraction patterns depends upon the slit separation and the width of the individual slits , so the pattern will vary based upon those values . The condition for maximum intensity is the same as that for a double slit . However , angular separation of the maxima is generally much greater because the slit spacing is so small for a diffraction grating . The diffraction grating is an immensely useful tool for the separation of the spectral lines associated with atomic transitions . It acts as a " super prism " , separating the different colors of light much more than the dispersion effect in a prism . The illustration shows the hydrogen spectrum . The hydrogen gas in a thin glass tube is excited by an electrical discharge and the spectrum can be viewed through the grating . The tracks of a compact disc act as a diffraction grating , producing a separation of the colors of white light . The nominal track separation on a CD is 1.6 micrometers , corresponding to about 625 tracks per millimeter . This is in the range of ordinary laboratory diffraction gratings . For red light of wavelength 600 nm , this would give a first order diffraction maximum at about 22 ° . Discussion Calculation Index Grating concepts | [
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/xtube.html | X - ray Tube X - rays for medical diagnostic procedures or for research purposes are produced in a standard way : by accelerating electrons with a high voltage and allowing them to collide with a metal target . X - rays are produced when the electrons are suddenly decelerated upon collision with the metal target ; these x - rays are commonly called brehmsstrahlung or " braking radiation " . If the bombarding electrons have sufficient energy , they can knock an electron out of an inner shell of the target metal atoms . Then electrons from higher states drop down to fill the vacancy , emitting x - ray photons with precise energies determined by the electron energy levels . These x - rays are called characteristic x - rays Characteristic x - rays Brehmsstrahlung Index HyperPhysics * * * * * Quantum Physics R Nave Go Back | [
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/firlaw.html | First Law of Thermodynamics Enthalpy Four quantities called thermodynamic potentials are useful in the chemical thermodynamics of reactions and noncyclic processes They are internal energy the enthalpy the Helmholtz free energy and the Gibbs free energy Enthalpy is defined by H U PV where P and V are the pressure and volume and U is internal energy Enthalpy is then a precisely measurable state variable since it is defined in terms of three other precisely definable state variables It is somewhat parallel to the first law of thermodynamics for a constant pressure system Q ΔU PΔV since in this case QΔH It is a useful quantity for tracking chemical reactions If as a result of an exothermic reaction some energy is released to a system it has to show up in some measurable form in terms of the state variables An increase in the enthalpy H U PV might be associated with an increase in internal energy which could be measured by calorimetry or with work done by the system or a combination of the two The internal energy U might be thought of as the energy required to create a system in the absence of changes in temperature or volume But if the process changes the volume as in a chemical reaction which produces a gaseous product then work must be done to produce the change in volume For a constant pressure process the work you must do to produce a volume change ΔV is PΔV Then the term PV can be interpreted as the work you must do to create room for the system if you presume it started at zero volume Table of enthalpy changes Index Internal energy concepts HyperPhysics Thermodynamics R Nave Go Back | [
"First Law of Thermodynamics",
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/sweat.html | Perspiration Cooling of Body For 600 gm / day perspiration , cooling rate Q / t = 17 watts . Why is the heat of vaporization greater at body temperature ? When the ambient temperature is above body temperature , then radiation conduction and convection all transfer heat into the body rather than out . Since there must be a net outward heat transfer , the only mechanisms left under those conditions are the evaporation of perspiration from the skin and the evaporative cooling from exhaled moisture . Even when one is unaware of perspiration , physiology texts quote an amount of about 600 grams per day of " insensate loss " of moisture from the skin . The cooling effect of perspiration evaporation makes use of the very large heat of vaporization of water . This heat of vaporization is 540 calories / gm at the boiling point , but is even larger , 580 cal / gm , at the normal skin temperature . If the rate of evaporation of perspiration is gm / day = gm / hr then the cooling rate is Q / t = watts . As part of the physiological regulation of body temperature , the skin will begin to sweat almost precisely at 37 ° C and the perspiration will increase rapidly with increasing skin temperature . Guyton reports that a normal maximum perspiration rate is about 1.5 liters / hour , but that after 4 to 6 weeks of acclimatization in a tropical climate , it can reach 3.5 liters / hr ! You would have to just sit around drinking constantly , just to keep from getting dehydrated ! That maximum rate corresponds to a maximum cooling power of almost 2.4 kilowatts ! Heat transfer by vaporization Evaporation cooling Modeling the cooling of the human body Index Heat transfer concepts Heat transfer examples Reference Guyton Ch . 47 HyperPhysics * * * * * Thermodynamics R Nave Go Back Heat Transfer by Vaporization If part of a liquid evaporates , it cools the liquid remaining behind because it must extract the necessary heat of vaporization from that liquid in order to make the phase change to the gaseous state . It is therefore an important means of heat transfer in certain circumstances , such as the cooling of the human body when it is subjected to ambient temperatures above the normal body temperature . Cooling by evaporation Index Heat transfer concepts Heat transfer examples HyperPhysics * * * * * Thermodynamics R Nave Go Back Cooling by Evaporation Because of the large of water , the evaporation from a liquid surface is a very effective cooling mechanism . The human body makes use of evaporative cooling by perspiration to give off energy even when surrounded by a temperature higher than body temperature . The cooling process is an example of the approach to thermal equilibrium . The evaporative cooling rate is given by If m = gm of water at 100 ° C is evaporated in t = sec , the cooling rate at 100 ° C is Q / t = cal / s = watts = BTU / hr . The cooling rate for a liquid ( below boiling ) is more complicated since the heat of vaporization changes with temperature , and the rate of evaporation depends upon ambient temperature and relative humidity Vaporization as a heat transfer mechanism Thermal equilibrium | [
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/traj.html | Note This is a large HTML document Wait until it finishes loading for full functionality Index Motion concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Freefall In the absence of frictional drag an object near the surface of the earth will fall with the constant acceleration of gravity g Position and speed at any time can be calculated from the motion equations Illustrated here is the situation where an object is released from rest Its position and speed can be predicted for any time after that Since all the quantities are directed downward that direction is chosen as the positive direction in this case At time t s after being dropped the speed is v y ms fts The distance from the starting point will be y m ft Enter data in any box and click outside the box Note that you can enter a distance height and click outside the box to calculate the freefall time and impact velocity in the absence of air friction But the calculation assumes that the gravity acceleration is the surface value g 98 ms 2 so if the height is great enough for gravity to have changed significantly the results will be incorrect Free fall with air friction Free fall from great height Free fall experiment with spark timer Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Peak at m at t s Vertical Trajectory Vertical motion under the influence of gravity can be described by the basic motion equations Given the constant acceleration of gravity g the position and speed at any time can be calculated from the motion equations You may enter values for launch velocity and time in the boxes below and click outside the box to perform the calculation For launch speed v 0y ms fts and time t s The values below are output values those boxes will not accept input for calculation The velocity will be v y ms fts and the height will be y m ft Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Index Trajectory concepts Calculation HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Horizontal Launch All the parameters of a horizontal launch can be calculated with the motion equations assuming a downward acceleration of gravity of 98 ms 2 Time of flight t s Vertical impact velocity v y ms Launch velocity v 0 ms Height of launch h m Horizontal range R m Calculation is initiated by clicking on the formula in the illustration for the quantity you wish to calculate Include demonstration apparatus Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back General Ballistic Trajectory The motion of an object under the influence of gravity is determined completely by the acceleration of gravity its launch speed and launch angle provided air friction is negligible The horizontal and vertical motions may be separated and described by the general motion equations for constant acceleration The initial vector components of the velocity are used in the equations The diagram shows trajectories with the same launch speed but different launch angles Note that the 60 and 30 degree trajectories have the same range as do any pair of launches at complementary angles The launch at 45 degrees gives the maximum range Index Trajectory concepts Calculation HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back For launch velocity v 0 ms launch angle θ degrees At time t sec Horizontal velocity v x ms Horizontal distance x m Vertical velocity v y ms Vertical position y m Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back For launch velocity v 0 ms launch angle θ degrees The horizontal range is R m The total time of flight is t s The peak height is h m Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Will it clear the fence The basic motion equations can be solved simultaneously to express y in terms of x For launch velocity v 0 ms fts launch angle θ degrees and horizontal range x m ft the calculated height is y m ft The time of flight is t s Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Where will it land The basic motion equations give the position components x and y in terms of the time Solving for the horizontal distance in terms of the height y is useful for calculating ranges in situations where the launch point is not at the same level as the landing point Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Where will it land The basic motion equations give the position components x and y in terms of the time Solving for the horizontal distance in terms of the height y is useful for calculating ranges in situations where the launch point is not at the same level as the landing point Launch velocity v 0 ms fts launch angle θ degrees and trajectory height y m ft The two calculated times are t 1 s and t 2 s The corresponding ranges are x 1 m ft and x 2 m ft Note that the value y in the illustration is downward and it is presumed that upward is positive To reproduce the scenario in the diagram the input value of y should be negative Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Launch Velocity The launch velocity of a projectile can be calculated from the range if the angle of launch is known It can also be calculated if the maximum height and range are known because the angle can be determined Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Launch Velocity The launch velocity of a projectile can be calculated from the range if the angle of launch is known It can also be calculated if the maximum height and range are known because the angle can be determined Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Angle of Launch Variation of the launch angle of a projectile will change the range If the launch velocity is known the required angle of launch for a desired range can be calculated from the motion equations Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back Index Trajectory concepts HyperPhysics Mechanics R Nave Go Back | [
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vel2.html | Velocity The average speed of an object is defined as the distance traveled divided by the time elapsed . Velocity is a vector quantity , and average velocity can be defined as the displacement divided by the time . For the special case of straight line motion in the x direction , the average velocity takes the form : The units for velocity can be implied from the definition to be meters / second or in general any distance unit over any time unit . You can approach an expression for the instantaneous velocity at any point on the path by taking the limit as the time interval gets smaller and smaller . Such a limiting process is called a derivative and the instantaneous velocity can be defined as Average velocity , straight line motion Average velocity , general case Index Motion concepts HyperPhysics * * * * * Mechanics R Nave Go Back Average Velocity , Straight Line The average speed of an object is defined as the distance traveled divided by the time elapsed . Velocity is a vector quantity , and average velocity can be defined as the displacement divided by the time . For the special case of straight line motion in the x direction , the average velocity takes the form : If the beginning and ending velocities for this motion are known , and the acceleration is constant , the average velocity can also be expressed as For this special case , these expressions give the same result . Example for non - constant acceleration Index Motion concepts HyperPhysics * * * * * Mechanics R Nave Go Back Average Velocity , General The average speed of an object is defined as the distance traveled divided by the time elapsed . Velocity is a divided by the time . For general cases involving non - constant acceleration , this definition must be applied directly because the straight line average velocity expressions do not work . If the positions of the initial and final points are known , then the distance relationship can be used to find the displacement . | [
"Velocity",
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http://hypertension.emedtv.com/furosemide/furosemide.html | Advertisement Tweet Hypertension Home > Furosemide Furosemide A healthcare provider may prescribe furosemide to treat fluid retention or high blood pressure . By increasing the amount of salt and water that the kidneys remove from the blood and decreasing blood volume , the drug can effectively control high blood pressure and help with water retention . As with any medication , there are potential side effects of furosemide . Common side effects include low potassium levels , dizziness , and upset stomach . What Is Blood Pressure ? This video clip talks about blood pressure and how it relates to the heart and blood vessels . Watch This and Other Videos Now > What Is Furosemide ? Furosemide ( Lasix ® ) is a prescription medicine that is used as a diuretic for high blood pressure and fluid retention . It is part of a class of medicines known as diuretics . Who Makes It ? Brand - name furosemide is made by sanofi - aventis U.S. , LLC . Generic furosemide is made by several manufacturers . What Is It Used For ? Specific uses of the medication include : Controlling high blood pressure hypertension Treating water retention ( edema ) due to several causes , including congestive heart failure cirrhosis , and kidney failure ( renal failure ) . ( Click What Is Furosemide Used For ? for more information , including possible off - label uses . ) How Does Furosemide Work ? Furosemide is a diuretic , which is commonly referred to as a " water pill . " Specifically , furosemide is known as a " loop diuretic , " named after the part of the kidneys that it affects ( the loop of Henle ) . It works by increasing the amount of salt and water the kidneys remove from the blood . This extra salt and water is passed out through the urine . By increasing the amount of water removed from the blood , the medicine causes a decrease in blood volume . Because of this effect , lower blood pressure and can also help with water retention . Furosemide Article Continues on Next Page > 1 2 3 4 Next > > | [
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http://hypertension.emedtv.com/hypertension/african-americans-and-hypertension.html | African Americans and Hypertension Hypertension in African Americans : An Introduction Hypertension ( also known as high blood pressure ) is common in the United States . Nearly 1 in 3 American adults ( about 65 million people ) have hypertension . Unfortunately , hypertension in African Americans is quite common . In fact , the condition is more common in African Americans than in whites . It also begins at an earlier age and is usually more severe . African Americans have a higher death rate from stroke and kidney disease as a result of hypertension . Statistics show that approximately 37 percent of African - American women have high blood pressure African Americans and Hypertension Treatment Options The good news is that treatment can control high blood pressure in African Americans . Treatment begins with lifestyle changes . For a lot of people , this is the only hypertension treatment that is needed to lower blood pressure . These changes include : Eating foods with less salt and sodium Increasing physical activity ( walking 30 minutes per day can help ) Drinking alcoholic beverages in moderation Losing weight if overweight ( losing just 10 pounds can help ) Following a healthy eating plan that emphasizes fruits , vegetables , and low - fat dairy foods ( see DASH Diet Studies show that African Americans commonly have a relatively low intake of potassium and a high occurrence of elevated blood pressure and salt sensitivity . African Americans with hypertension may benefit from an increased dietary intake of potassium . ( Click Potassium and High Blood Pressure to learn more about the effect of potassium on hypertension . ) If lifestyle changes do not lower blood pressure to a normal level , hypertension medications may be prescribed . When African Americans receive treatment for hypertension , the risk for congestive heart failure heart attacks , stroke , and kidney disease is dramatically reduced . eMedTV ' s free HealthSavvy service can help you stay up - to - date on this topic . Sign up for HealthSavvy now . | [
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http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/ConnieLau.shtml | Speed of the Fastest Human , Walking Bibliographic Entry Result ( w / surrounding text ) Standardized Result De Pinna , Simon . Forces and Motion Austin , Texas : Raintree Steck - Vaughn Publishers , 1998 . " If you walk as fast as possible , you can probably walk at around 2 m / s and run at about 5 m / s . " 2.0 m / s The World Book Encyclopedia . Volume 21 . Chicago : World Book , 2000 . " A nonracer walks 1 mile ( 1.6 kilometers ) in 15 to 20 minutes . A heel - and - toe expert can do it in 6.5 minutes " 4.1 m / s Lawson , Gerald . World Record Breakers in Track and Field Athletics . New York : Human kinetics , 1997 . " 5000 m 18 : 51.2 Jozef Pribilinec ( cs ) Banska Bystrica 5 May 1981 " 4.42 m / s Watman , Melvyn . The Encyclopedia of Athletics . London : Robert Hale , 1973 . " 1959 D . J . Thompson 4 hr 12 min 19 sec . " 3.3 m / s Fastest men ' s indoor 5,000 - m walk . Guinness World Records , 2000 . " The record for the fastest men ' s indoor 5,000 m walk is held by Russia ' s Mikhail Shchennikov , with a time of 18 min . 7.08 sec . recorded in Moscow , Russia , on February 14 , 1995 . " 4.60 m / s Walking is defined as a progression of steps where one foot must always be in contact with the ground . The front foot must make contact with the ground before the rear foot can leave the ground . The heel of the foot must touch the ground first and the toes must be the last to touch the ground . For this reason , walking is also called the " heel and toe " sport . The other rule in walking is that the advancing leg must be straight . This definition of walking prevents competitors from running at competitions Racewalking has been an official sport at the Olympics for over 90 years . Although it is not a popular track and field sport in the US compared to running or jumping . Racewalking distances vary from 1 mile to 25 miles . According to the World Book Encyclopedia , an expert walker can walk one mile in 6.5 minutes . This is about 4.1 m / s . From the Forces and Motion book , we find that a fast walker can walk around 2 m / s . D.J. Thompson won for being the fastest walker back in 1958 when he completed a 50,000 m walk in 4 hours , 12 minutes and 19 seconds . This means he walked at a speed of about 3.3 m / s . On May 5 , 1981 , Joseph Pribilinec broke that record and walked 5000 m in 18 minutes , and 51.2 seconds , walking at about 4.42 m / s . As of January 2001 , Mikhail Shchennikov holds the record for the fastest 55000 m walk , which was recorded on February 14 , 1995 . Shchennikov completed the 5000 m in 18 minutes , and 7.08 seconds with a speed of 4.60 m / s . Connie Lau - - 2001 | [
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http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/JenniferShloming.shtml | Thickness of a Cell Membrane Bibliographic Entry Result ( w / surrounding text ) Standardized Result Curtis , Helena , & Sue N . Barnes . Biology . 5th ed . New York : Worth Publishers , 1989 : 104 . " The cell membrane ( also called , as we noted previously , the plasma membrane ) is only about 7 to 9 nanometers thick and can not be resolved by the light microscope " 7 – 9 nm Hine , Robert . " Membrane . " The Facts on File Dictionary of Biology . 3rd ed . New York : Checkmark , 1999 : 198 . " Membranes are typically 7.5 – 10 nm in thickness with two regular layers of lipid molecules ( a bilayer ) containing various types of protein molecules . " 7.5 – 10 nm Chen , Aileen , & Vincent T . Moy . Cross - Linking of Cell Surface Receptors Enhances Cooperativity of Molecular Adhesion Biophysical Journal . Vol . 78 ( 2000 ) : 2814 - 2820 . " Assuming that the potential changes linearly over the entire thickness of the membrane ( ~ 3 nm ) , the force needed to extract a transmembrane protein is ~ 160 pN , which is much larger than the measured rupture forces . " 3 nm Baker , John R . Cytological Technique 5th ed . New York : Wiley , 1966 : 3 . " The cell - membrane is exceedingly thin , far below the limit of measurement by the optical microscope ; but whether we can actually see a cell - membrane or not in any particular cell , we are compelled by convincing evidence to postulate the existence of a thin surface layer having different characters from the material within . " < < 200 nm Kuchel , Philip W . , & Gregory B . Ralston . Theory and Problems of Biochemistry . New York : Schaum ' s Outline / McGraw - Hill , 1988 : 7 . " The plasma membrane ( Fig . 1 - 4 ) is the outer boundary of the cell ; it is a continuous sheet of lipid molecules ( Chap . 6 ) arranged as a molecular bilayer 4 – 5 nm thick . " 4 – 5 nm One of the key components in the understanding of biological cells is the cell membrane . It is the lipid - based sheath that envelops a cell , encloses the cytoplasm ( the viscous fluid of the cell where much of the day to day work of the cell transpires ) , and creates a selectively permeable barrier . The cell membrane , also known as the plasma membrane , has a crucial significance to life . The membrane can be thought of as a crossing guard . A crossing guard controls the flow of people and traffic , protecting It is hard to believe that until the early 1950s the cell membrane was rarely brought up in scientific literature and studies . It was recognized that there was some sort of barrier between the cell and its environment , but barely any information was known . The focus in biology was on processes and structures that can be seen , and since the thickness of cell membranes are thinner than the wavelength of visible light ( about 200 nm ) ; they could n ' t be seen with the visible light microscope , or even the ultra - Jennifer Shloming - - 2001 Thickness of a Cell Membrane , Chelation Therapy Online [ An unauthorized copy of the entire webpage . ] Mengjuei - Blog 偽君子是種讚美 June 08 , 2003 , Meng - Juei Hsieh | [
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http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2006/SamTetruashvili.shtml | Resistivity of Water Bibliographic Entry Result ( w / surrounding text ) Standardized Result Light , Truman S . , Stuart Licht , Anthony C . Bevilacqua , and Kenneth R . Morashc . The Fundamental Conductivity and Resistivity of Water [ pdf ] . Electrochemical and Solid - State Letters . Vol . 8 , No . 1 ( 2005 ) : E16 - E19 . " At 25 ° C the accepted values with their uncertainties for conductivity , κ and its reciprocal , resistivity , ρ , are : κ = 0.05501 ± 0.0001 μS / cm at 25.00 ° C ρ = 18.18 ± 0.03 MΩ · cm at 25.00 ° C " 18.18 MΩ · cm Light , Truman S . and Stuart L . Licht . Conductivity and Resistivity of Water from the Melting to Critical Point [ subscription required ] . Analytical Chemistry . Vol . 59 , No . 9 ( 1987 ) : 2327 - 2330 . " The temperature at which the water may be used and measured varies considerably , but is not usually at 25 " C . Therefore the resistivity , which theoretically is 18.2 mΩ cm [ sic ] only at 25 " C , may be automatically compensated to the standard temperature of 25 " C to permit ready judgment of the ionic impurity level . " 18.2 MΩ · cm Millipore . Measuring the Conductivity of Ultrapure Water Water Line . No . 1 ( June 1998 ) : 3 . " The curve below indicates how the resistivity of ultrapure water varies as a function of temperature . For instance , at 25 ° C , the resistivity of ultrapure water is equal to 18.2 MΩ . cm whereas at 10 ° C , the resistivity will be greater than 40 MΩ . cm . " 18.2 – 40 MΩ · cm Calder , Vince . Resistance of Water . Argonne National Laboratory . 22 April 2004 . " Pure water has a very high resistivity , but it is finite . The value is 2 . 5x10 + 5 ohm meters at 20C . and 1 atm pressure . In contrast , liquid mercury has a resistivity of 9 . 58x10 - 7 , and at the other extreme glass has a resistivity of ~ 10 - 12 [ sic ] ( depending upon the type of glass ) . " 25 MΩ · cm Every child has had the experience of someone telling him / her not to get near a body of water during a thunderstorm , whether it be from their parents , a teacher , or a life guard . When the child asks their elder for explanation they would simply claim " If you do you ' ll get hit by a bolt of lightning because water conducts electricity ! " Exactly how true is this ? Could it be that convention is wrong ? We can further delve into this question by finding the resistivity of water . Resistivity is an intrinsic property of a material that is measured as its resistance to current per unit length for a uniform cross section . " Many people have conducted tests for this value for one reason or another ( mostly for filtration systems ) and have found the resistivity of water to be approximately 182,000 Ωm at 25 ° C . This makes pure water a horrible conductor . It would take a huge potential difference to just run a 1 A current through a Sam Tetruashvili - - 2006 | [
"Resistivity",
"intrinsic property",
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http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2007/TamaraTamazashvili.shtml | Number of Televisions in the US Bibliographic Entry Result ( w / surrounding text ) Standardized Result Jordan , Winthrop . The Americans . Boston : McDougal Littell , 1996 : 798 . " By 1960 , there were 52 million sets in American homes , one in almost nine out of ten households . " 52,000,000 ( 1960 ) " Television . " The World Book Encyclopedia . Chicago : World Book Inc . , 2003 : 119 . " In 1945 , there were probably fewer than 10,000 sets in the country . This figure soared to about 6 million in 1950 , and to almost 60 million by 1960 . " < 10,000 ( 1945 ) 6,000,000 ( 1950 ) 60,000,000 ( 1960 ) North American TV Market and Its Relevance [ pdf ] . Energy Star Research , 6 January 2006 . " According to data from the Consumer Electronics Association ( CEA ) , there are currently 285 million televisions in use in US households . " 285,000,000 ( 2006 ) " Television . " The Encyclopedia Americana . New York : Scholastic Library Publishing , 1984 : 433 . " Televisions played a part in the presidential elections in 1948 , but its nationwide influence was limited because only 35,000 sets were in use and only 37 stations were on the air . " 35,000 ( 1948 ) United States . The CIA World Factbook , 10 May 2007 . " Televisions : 219 million ( 1997 ) " 219,000,000 ( 1997 ) Millions of people in America watch television . To be exact , according to the A.C. Nielsen Co . , an average American watches more than four hours of television a day . This is because television not only offers resourceful and quick information to its viewers , but also a variety of programs that almost anyone can find an interest in . Over the past years , television has not only been a form of entertainment , but also a form of life . Therefore , it is not surprising that an average household in the United States has more than two television sets , as supported by the Nielsen Media Company in a 2001 research . Many people across the nation rely on television for information and entertainment as they did many years ago . In 1948 , television played a significant role in presidential elections , however , its influence was limited because there were only 35,000 sets with 37 stations at the time . The American public continues to purchase television sets for their homes . In the year 1945 , there were fewer than 10,000 sets in the country . By 1960 , there were 52 million sets in American homes , which is one in almost nine out of ten households . This figure soared to 219 million in 1997 . The number of television sets in the United States increases annually , as people stay up to date with events around them . This is why there are currently 285 million televisions in use in US households , according to the data from the Consumer Electronics Association ( CEA ) . Tamara Tamazashvili - - 2005 Bibliographic Entry ( w / surrounding text ) Standardized Herr , Norman . Television & Health . Sourcebook for Teaching Science , 20 May 2007 . " Percentage of households that possess at least one television : 99 Number of TV sets in the average U.S. household : 2.24 " 249 Million ( 2007 ) Nielsen Reports 1.1 % Increase in U.S. Television Households for the 2006 - 2007 Season . Nielsen Media Research , 23 August 2006 . " The total number of television households within the U.S. ( including Alaska and Hawaii ) is now estimated at 111.4 million " United States . The CIA World Factbook . 31 May 2007 . " Televisions : 219 million ( 1997 ) " 219 Million ( 1997 ) Goldfield , D . Statistical Analysis of the US . 1960 : 520 . By Number of Sets : June 1955 Jan 1958 May 1959 No Set 33 17 14 One Set 65 76 78 Two Sets or More 2 7 8 39 Million ( 1955 ) 49 Million ( 1958 ) 52 Million ( 1959 ) Households , Families , and Married Couples , 1890 - 2002 . Infoplease , 2002 All households Date Number April 1955 47,874,000 March 1960 52,799,000 Kaufman , Ron . Television ' s Hidden Agenda . TurnOffYourTV . com , 2004 " The number of television sets in U.S. households in 2001 : 248 million " 248 Million ( 2001 ) The television today is arguably one of the most popular home electronic devices . Since it became commercially available in the 1930 ’ s , the television has skyrocketed in popularity , with nearly 77 % of households owning at least one television set by 1955 . Today , the television is almost a necessity , with 99 % of households owning at least one set . In the majority of cases , the television relies on a device called the cathode ray tube , or CRT for short . Inside this CRT , a stream of electrons is focused into a tight beam and then accelerated . This beam is directed at a phosphor coated screen at the other end of the tube , which glows when struck by electrons . However , with only a CRT , the beam can not be focused , and you would simply get a dot of color . This is why several coils , called steering coils , are Other types of televisions used today are liquid crystal display TVs and plasma TVs , which both operate in different ways from the CRT . However , the CRT still greatly outnumbers other types of television . The television is considered by many to be the greatest ( or the worst ) advancement ever in entertainment . Ever since its introduction , the TV has risen in popularity immensely . Today , very few people are without a set in their own home , and many even have two or more . According to the World Factbook , published by the CIA , there are currently over 219 million TVs in the United States , and that number appears to be getting even bigger in the future . Adam Lefky - - 2007 | [
"Televisions",
"US"
] |
http://hypothyroidmom.com/which-is-the-best-thyroid-drug-for-hypothyroidism/ | Which Is The Best Thyroid Drug For Hypothyroidism ? March 4 , 2013 by Dana Trentini 66 Comments The biggest human temptation is to settle for too little . - Thomas Merton Many Hypothyroid Mom readers ask which thyroid drug is best . My answer is always the same , “ I wish there was one thyroid drug that worked for all of us but the reality is that we each react differently to the different medications . We must work closely with our doctor to investigate which treatment is ideal for us and what dosage is optimal . ” The key is that you must know all the treatment options to ensure your doctor is exploring the options to find what ’ s right for you . If you are being Do n ’ t settle . Thyroid Drug Options T4 Drugs Author of the book Living Well with Hypothyroidism : What Your Doctor Does n ’ t Tell You … That You Need to Know Mary Shomon shared the following information : Levothyroxine is the generic name for the synthetic form of thyroxine , a thyroid hormone replacement drug . This drug contains the synthetic form of one thyroid hormone , T4 . Levothyroxine is the most commonly prescribed thyroid hormone replacement drug . Brand names in the U.S : Synthroid , Levothroid , Levoxyl , Unithroid Brand names in Canada : Synthroid , Eltroxin , and PMS - Levothyroxine Brand names outside U.S. : Euthyrox , Thyroxine , Berlthyrox , Droxine , Eferox , Elthyrone , Eltroxin , Eutirox , Letrox , Levaxin , Levotirox , Levothyrox , Levotiroxina , Oroxine , T4KP , Thevier , Throxinique , Thyradin , Thyradin S , Thyrax , Thyrax Duotab , Thyrex , Thyro - 4 , Thyrosit , Thyroxin , Thyroxin - Natrium , Tiroidine Mary also included an article on a thyroid medication called Tirosint . The levothyroxine in Tirosint is in a liquid form inside a capsule . T3 Drugs There are synthetic T3 drugs like Cytomel . Through a compounding pharmacy , there are also prescription compounded T3 drugs including time - released T3 . Natural Desiccated Thyroid Brands include Armour made by Allergan ( formerly Forest Laboratories ) Nature - throid and Westhroid by RLC Labs , and NP Thyroid by Acella Pharmaceuticals . Canada ’ s desiccated thyroid made by the company Erfa is called simply Thyroid . There are also compounding pharmacies worldwide that produce compounded versions using the raw natural desiccated thyroid powder . Find The Right Thyroid Treatment For YOU We are each unique with individual sensitivities . Our bodies will NOT all react the same to these different medications . The dosages that are ideal for each of us will also vary . Our uniqueness is what makes finding the right thyroid treatment tricky . Thyroid hormone replacement drugs are powerful , so powerful they can kill you if not taken properly . This is why it is critical to be under careful medical supervision when on these drugs , especially careful when starting a new brand or increasing dosage level . Call your doctor immediately if you experience adverse reactions . 1 . Sensitivities to the fillers used in the medications Author of the book Your Personal Paleo Code : The 3 - Step Plan to Lose Weight , Reverse Disease , and Stay Fit and Healthy for Life Chris Kresser wrote : Many popular thyroid medications contain common allergens such as cornstarch , lactose and even gluten . As I explained in a previous post , most hypothyroid patients have sensitivities to gluten , and many of them also react to corn and dairy ( which contains lactose ) . Synthroid , which is one of the most popular medications prescribed for hypothyroidism , has both cornstarch and lactose as a filler . Even the natural porcine products like Armour suffer from issues with fillers . In 2008 , the manufacturers of Armour reformulated the product , reducing the amount of dextrose & increasing the amount of methylcellulose in the filler . This may explain the explosion of reports by patients on internet forums and in doctor ’ s offices that the new form of Armour was either “ miraculous ” or “ horrible ” . Those that had sensitivities to dextrose were reacting less to the new form , and experiencing better results , while those that had sensitivities to methylcellulose were Thyroid Pharmacist Dr . Izabella Wentz , author of the book Hashimoto ’ s Thyroiditis : Lifestyle Interventions for Finding and Treating the Root Cause wrote : Compounded T4 / T3 products offer another alternative . These medications also offer the advantage of being made without fillers such as lactose or gluten , which are present in some thyroid medications and can be problematic for thyroid patients . However compounded T4 / T3 products need to be prepared by a specially trained compounding pharmacist . These compounds are usually much more expensive and may need to be refrigerated to preserve activity . Thyroid compounds are usually prepared in the same physiological ratio that is found in Armour ® , however , physicians can elect to change the amount of T3 / T4 , as the compounding pharmacists are literally making the medications from scratch . This can be a huge advantage for those patients that did not feel well on conventional treatments or natural desiccated treatments . 2 . A gentle start to dosing My doctor increased my thyroid drug dosage gradually in an incremental fashion until she found the dose that was optimal for me . She adjusted my dosages by regularly monitoring my Free T4 , Free T3 , Reverse T3 and thyroid antibodies and most importantly by listening to my symptoms . I contrast that with the stories I hear from readers of their adverse reactions to their doctor ’ s prescription for sudden large dosage increases and medication brand switches at high doses . T3 drugs such as Cytomel and natural desiccated thyroid have active T3 in them which for In the book Thyroid Power : Ten Steps to Total Health , Richard Shames and Karilee Halo Shames wrote : Some people do not want to take the time to start with a mild dose , adjusting to their medication gradually . However , we have found that the slow , step - by - step method of reaching your optimal dose is more easily tolerated by the body than the “ sock it to me ” approach so characteristic of our fast - paced culture . 3 . The need for T3 treatment In mainstream medicine , T4 drugs like Synthroid are the gold standard for treatment of hypothyroidism . While these drugs work for some , for many of us these drugs fail to relieve our symptoms . Our bodies need to convert the T4 in these drugs to the active useable thyroid hormone T3 . However for many hypothyroidism sufferers , our bodies do n ’ t convert the T4 to T3 and we are left suffering symptoms . If you are on T4 only drugs and you are still not feeling well , speak with your doctor about testing your Many of us report feeling our best on natural desiccated thyroid . However others report not reacting well to NDTs and responding better to synthetic T4 and T3 drugs . Even with natural desiccated thyroid , many of us feel great on one brand but terrible on another . Again we are each unique and it ’ s about finding what works best for you . 4 . Finding your optimal thyroid levels Many hypothyroidism sufferers are not feeling well despite treatment because their lab results are in the “ normal ” range but not at the optimal level for them . If you are being treated with thyroid hormone replacement medication but you still do n ’ t feel well , insist on further exploration . If you are still not feeling well , get a second opinion , a third opinion , even ten medical opinions until you find a doctor that explores the options to find what ’ s right for YOU . Do n ’ t settle . READ NEXT : TOP 9 NATURAL HYPOTHYROIDISM TREATMENTS Take Back Your Thyroid Health ! Sign up and never miss a post - it ' s FREE Filed Under : Hypothyroidism Treatment Tagged With : Free T3 Levothyroxine Natural Desiccated Thyroid T4 About Dana Trentini Dana Trentini M.A. , Ed . M . , founded Hypothyroid Mom October 2012 in memory of the unborn baby she lost to hypothyroidism . This is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for consulting your physician regarding medical advice pertaining to your health . Hypothyroid Mom includes affiliate links including the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program . Connect with Dana on Google+ | [
"Thyroid Drug",
"Hypothyroidism",
"medication"
] |
http://hypothyroidmom.com/you-have-graves-disease-and-had-radioactive-iodine-rai-or-a-thyroidectomy-now-what/ | You have Graves ’ disease and had Radioactive Iodine ( RAI ) or a Thyroidectomy . Now What ? July 25 , 2014 by Dana Trentini 33 Comments Graves ’ disease is an autoimmune disease that leads to overactivity of the thyroid gland ( hyperthyroidism ) . I have Hypothyroid Mom readers struggling with hypothyroidism now since treatment for their Graves ’ with radioactive iodine ( RAI ) or thyroidectomy . I welcome Barbara Lougheed , author of the book Tired Thyroid : From Hyper to Hypo to Healing – Breaking the TSH Rule . Written by Barbara Lougheed First , you have to figure out what your optimal type and dose of thyroid hormone would be . There are three types of medications : levothyroxine or T4 , liothyronine or T3 , and natural desiccated thyroid . A normal thyroid gland secretes about 100 mcg of T4 and at least 6 mcg of T3 daily . [ 1 ] For this reason , most people feel best when some form of T3 is part of their daily dose . Some Graves ’ patients report an increase in their antibodies on desiccated thyroid , so these patients prefer synthetic T4 and T3 combinations . Other patients prefer desiccated thyroid . Finding your optimal dose boils down to trying out different combinations . I combine levothyroxine ( generic T4 ) with desiccated thyroid to give me the T3 and T4 my own gland would have produced . Second , you may still be dealing with Graves ’ antibodies , which is a separate issue from not having any thyroid hormone production . The Graves ’ antibodies are responsible for conditions like thyroid eye disease ( TED ) and disfiguring skin conditions ( pretibial myxedema , acropachy ) . Destroying the thyroid gland may have no effect on the Graves ’ antibodies , since white blood cells produce the antibodies , not the thyroid gland . In a few unfortunate patients , RAI may actually increase the antibodies and worsen or induce thyroid eye disease , which can Graves ’ antibodies tend to decrease over time after a thyroidectomy or anti - thyroid drug therapy . However , antibodies usually increase significantly during the first three months after RAI , then slowly decrease , but levels can still remain above the reference range even after five years . [ 3 ] In some patients , as the antibodies regress , their Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ( TSH ) returns . [ 4 ] In fact , the return of TSH in a Graves ’ patient on anti - thyroid drugs is a sign that the medication is working . Some who underwent RAI treatment suffer from some degree of damage to the stomach , salivary , [ 6 ] lacrimal ( tear ) glands [ 7 ] and other organs , because those organs also collect iodine . I did not suffer any severe side effects from the RAI , probably because of the low dose ( 8 mCi ) given to me . Some people are given twice the dose ( 16 or more mCi ) , and others have had more than one RAI treatment , because their thyroid glands still produced hormone after the first treatment Patients should take both T4 and T3 to replicate normal thyroid gland output , but the TSH level is not a good indicator of whether a dose is correct . Graves ’ patients can have a TSH close to zero even if their T4 and T3 are low and below the reference range . A suppressed TSH usually indicates hyperthyroidism , or high thyroid levels , but Graves ’ patients have TSH Receptor antibodies that cause non - stop stimulation of the TSH Receptor ; this keeps their TSH suppressed even when T4 and / or T3 levels are dangerously I have no TSH , but I believe this is due to the T3 I take , not active Graves ’ . TSH drops whenever anyone ( not just Graves ’ patients ) takes any type of thyroid hormone manually , but it does not mean the patient is overmedicated . In fact , because TSH is so sensitive to supplemental thyroid hormone , anyone on T4 with a normal TSH probably has a Free T3 ( FT3 ) level that is lower than that found in healthy people . ( FT3 is the blood test that most correlates with About Barbara Lougheed Barbara Lougheed from TiredThyroid . com had RAI for Graves ’ disease in 1993 and takes T4 with desiccated thyroid . She spent years researching thyroid physiology , looking for her optimal dose . She compiled this research into a book called Tired Thyroid : From Hyper to Hypo to Healing – Breaking the TSH Rule Topics include treatment options for Graves ’ patients , a case study of a Graves ’ patient who achieved remission using LDN ( low dose naltrexone ) and tapazole ( an anti - thyroid drug ) , studies that prove that dosing by TSH is illogical , and that T3 is essential because it enhances an enzyme that converts T4 to T3 . READ NEXT : Understanding the True Cause of Autoimmune Disease References : 1 . Bunevicius , Robertas , et al . “ Thyroxine vs thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in treatment of hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy for Graves ’ disease . ” Endocrine 18.2 ( 2002 ) : 129 - 133 . 2 . Batra , Ruchika , et al . “ Post - radioiodine De Novo Onset Graves ’ Ophthalmopathy : Case Reports and a Review of the Literature . ” Seminars in ophthalmology . No . 0 . New York : Informa Healthcare USA , Inc . , 2013 . 3 . Laurberg , Peter , et al . “ TSH - receptor autoimmunity in Graves ’ disease after therapy with anti - thyroid drugs , surgery , or radioiodine : a 5 - year prospective randomized study . ” European Journal of Endocrinology 158.1 ( 2008 ) : 69 - 75 . 4 . Kabadi , Udaya M . , and Bhartur N . Premachandra . “ Serum thyrotropin in Graves ’ disease : a more reliable index of circulating thyroid - stimulating immunoglobulin level than thyroid function ? ” Endocrine Practice 13.6 ( 2007 ) : 615 - 619 . 5 . Laurberg , Peter , et al . “ Sustained control of Graves ’ hyperthyroidism during long - term low - dose antithyroid drug therapy of patients with severe Graves ’ orbitopathy . ” Thyroid 21.9 ( 2011 ) : 951 - 956 . 6 . Raza , Hasan , et al . “ Quantitative evaluation of salivary gland dysfunction after radioiodine therapy using salivary gland scintigraphy . ” Nuclear medicine communications 27.6 ( 2006 ) : 495 - 499 . 7 . Aydogan , F . , et al . “ Effect of Radioactive Iodine Therapy on Lacrimal Gland Functions in Patients With Hyperthyroidism . ” Clinical nuclear medicine ( 2013 ) . 8 . Starrenburg - Razenberg , A . J . , et al . “ Four patients with hypothyroid Graves ’ disease . ” Neth J Med 68.4 ( 2010 ) : 178 - 80 . 9 . Burmeister , L . A . , et al . “ Levothyroxine dose requirements for thyrotropin suppression in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer . ” The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 75.2 ( 1992 ) : 344 - 350 . 10 . Baisier , W . V . , J . Hertoghe , and W . Eeckhaut . “ Thyroid insufficiency . Is TSH measurement the only diagnostic tool ? ” Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine 10.2 ( 2000 ) : 105 - 113 . 11 . Ito , Mitsuru , et al . “ TSH - suppressive doses of levothyroxine are required to achieve preoperative native serum triiodothyronine levels in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy . ” European Journal of Endocrinology 167.3 ( 2012 ) : 373 - 378 . Filed Under : Causes of Hypothyroidism Tagged With : Graves ' Disease Radioactive Iodine RAI Thyroidectomy About Dana Trentini Dana Trentini M.A. , Ed . M . , founded Hypothyroid Mom October 2012 in memory of the unborn baby she lost to hypothyroidism . This is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for consulting your physician regarding medical advice pertaining to your health . Hypothyroid Mom includes affiliate links including the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program . Connect with Dana on Google+ | [
"Radioactive Iodine",
"Thyroidectomy",
"Barbara Lougheed"
] |
http://hyrecar.com/blog/uber-deactivated/ | Previous Next 16 “ Do ’ s ” and “ Do NOTs ” To Avoid Getting Deactivated On Uber ( & How to Get Reactivated ) As with most things touched by smartphones and social media , ridesharing services like Uber and Lyft are becoming ubiquitous , especially in major metropolitan areas . They ’ re a great way for drivers to make extra money and have a bit more autonomy over their workdays , while giving all kinds of people safe and easy transportation . As a means to customer security as well as profit for their own company , Uber has a rather high standard for drivers , and with it the real possibility of deactivation ( inability to receive ride requests through a suspended driver account ) if drivers commit certain infractions . Uber has faced some controversy on this point , as until April of this year its deactivation policy was vague and incomplete . This list will be your guide to what to do — and not do — to prevent getting your Uber driver account deactivated . Do : Drive safely This one is so obvious it should n ’ t be mentioned . But for clarity ’ s sake : If you drive like a maniac or under the influence of any drugs or alcohol , not only are you breaking the law but your Uber passenger will report you to the company . Riders expect a safe , event - free ride to wherever they ’ re going . Driving erratically or while intoxicated is a one - way ticket to deactivation , and likely a complete ban from the company . Do n ’ t : Be a jerk Besides driving under the influence , harassing , molesting , or verbally abusing your riders is a huge no - no . Most Uber drivers are perfectly nice people looking to make some extra money , and most riders are just looking for a lift , but if you ’ re having a bad day or the customer says something to irritate you , be very careful and wise about how you handle it . This also goes for making unwanted sexual advances to attractive customers or making otherwise inappropriate , lewd , crude or threatening comments . The customer will report it and there will be consequences . Do : Drive frequently This one ’ s a bit different . One of the appeals of Uber is that it allows the driver to set his or her own hours , giving them a certain amount of freedom over their schedule . But it also requires a fair level of commitment , as drivers who do n ’ t accept rides for long periods risk deactivation for inactivity . This is simple to resolve , however ; just email Uber customer support and ask to be reactivated . Whether you have been deactivated or just to prevent it , a good rule of thumb is to drive at least once a month . Do n ’ t : Cancel ( too often ) Uber assumes you ’ re working for them because ( a ) you want to make money and ( b ) do so by driving strangers to various places around your city . As such , canceling accepted ride requests too frequently creates a hassle for customers , other drivers — and you , if Uber catches on . The company says excellent drivers have a cancellation rate below five percent . Each city has a maximum cancellation rate , which is calculated by the average cancellation numbers of the Uber drivers there . If your cancellations go above that line , you could be temporarily blocked from the app and if it continues you could be deactivated . Do : Keep your ratings high Uber is famous for allowing both drivers and riders to rate each other after the ride is completed . Uber expects high approval ratings for its drivers . Because your rating is calculated based on the average ratings of your last 500 rides ( or your total rides if you ’ re at less than 500 ) , a consistently low rating will set off red flags at Uber HQ . You will risk deactivation if your rating goes below 4.6 . The good news is if this does happen , you can take a customer service course for less than $ 100 to get a second chance . Do n ’ t : Abuse guaranteed pay hours Traditionally , Uber gave people who successfully signed up an immediate $ 500 bonus . In 2016 , they began to change this policy and instead offer “ guaranteed pay ” to drivers who accepted a certain number of rides during certain high - use blocs of time , which differed depending on the city . Because of this guaranteed income , some drivers began using their friends , family members or even their own transportation to count towards the minimum ride number , instead of actually accepting requests from strangers . Occasionally driving a friend or family member during these bloc periods wo n ’ t set off alarms , but doing it a lot will look suspicious and could result in consequences . Do : Keep documentation current Part of security is ensuring drivers are legally able to drive — which most basically assumes all their important documents , like registration , insurance , vehicle inspection , and license are up - to - date . Drivers are expected to keep these documents current , especially the ones with time limits like licenses . Having these documents renewed and uploaded to Uber at least a week before expiration is the easiest and most timely way to avoid this kind of deactivation . Be aware that these kinds of deactivation , though easily fixed , are swift and frequently without notice , as it ’ s your responsibility to keep your information up - to - date . Do n ’ t : Game the system With technology , there are all sorts of ways one can rip off the company . Uber takes fraud very seriously , and cheap attempts to game them are various and sundry : Accepting hails ( like a taxi service ) , provoking a rider to cancel , accepting a drive with no intention to complete , falsifying or deliberately extending the time or distance of a trip , creating false accounts to increase fares , claiming fraudulent fees or charges ( like cleaning ) , and intentionally accepting falsified or fraudulent trips ( such as a rider using a Do : Use the right car Sometimes an Uber driver wants to use more than one car for their services . This is perfectly acceptable as long as the car is safe to drive ( proper registration , insurance , etc . ) , and the car is registered to your Uber account . Often , an Uber driver will use more than one car when the car they pick up rides in is not always the one listed on the account . Riders will be understandably put off and confused when the car they requested is not the one trying to get their attention , and drivers have sometimes been reported for this . Make sure to have all the cars used registered with your account and you ’ re good to go . Do n ’ t : Drive with someone else This is an unusual one but understandable : Some drivers are wary about accepting rides from strangers , and prefer having another adult in the car with them while driving . This is absolutely against company policy and under no circumstances is it permitted . Customers tend to report these kinds of things ( or worse , have given rides to Uber employees while having another person in the car ) , and if so you will face immediate deactivation . Do : Pass your background check In some cities , Uber is requiring a far more stringent and difficult - to - pass background check , for both new and veteran drivers . Some have been driving with Uber successfully for a long time and then are dropped because they fail the newer requirements . There is n ’ t much that can be done about this , other than maintaining a clean record even after you become a driver , or if you move to a city where the requirements are n ’ t as strict . Do n ’ t : Discriminate Uber has a stringent policy against discrimination , and drivers will face permanent deactivation for refusing rides to people based on anything protected under “ relevant federal , state , or local law , ” including race , religion , disability , sexual orientation , national origin , marital status , etc . Understandably , not all cars are equipped to be easily accessible or safe for riders with disabilities ; Uber is happy to work with drivers to make their cars as accessible as possible . Do : Watch your mouth ( and keyboard ) Both keyboard and tongue can be potential sources of deactivation for Uber drivers . Besides refraining from highly negative , unkind , offensive , or harassing speech while with passengers , it is also a good idea to be careful about what you say about Uber on social media . While uncommon , Uber has been known to retaliate against drivers who criticize them on Twitter or Facebook . Assume anyone can read what you say and act accordingly . Do n ’ t : Go outside the system Uber ’ s ride system is well - regulated and designed to ensure both safety and efficiency for all who partake in it . Additionally , Uber is the brainchild of particular individuals and thus the logos and other intellectual property are trademarked . As such , doing things like accepting anonymous rides , accepting illegal street hails , using any of Uber ’ s logos or intellectual property , harming the Uber brand by violating the drivers ’ agreement , or accepting payment outside of the app are all grounds for deactivation . Do n ’ t : Hide your identity Besides the normal requirements to keep documentation current , Uber drivers are also expected to use their real names , identifiable and clear profile pictures , and provide other accurate identifying and other information to Uber . If this information is falsified or otherwise questionable , it creates an unsafe and confusing atmosphere for riders and Uber will take appropriate action . Additionally , allowing someone else to use your Uber account to accept rides in your behalf , or using an unregistered vehicle , is also prohibited . Do n ’ t : Get a ticket This falls under the “ safe driving ” umbrella , but deserves its own mention : Because Uber expects a safe driving experience for its riders , any behavior that violates traffic laws ( whether state or local ) will be grounds for deactivation . Obviously , this includes your driving record while not using Uber , but be especially careful to obey all traffic laws while actually using the app . Drivers who get pulled over by a cop for speeding erratic driving — or worse , engage in “ serious illegal activity ” or become party to it — while on an Uber ride will face immediate deactivation . If you get deactivated , here ’ s how to get reactivated … The possibility of and steps to reactivation differ depending on why a driver ’ s account is suspended . In cases of expired documentation , drivers can simply contact Uber and give them updated information . Accounts suspended due to inactivity can be reinstated by contacting Uber and requesting it ; just be sure to actually drive every month . Low ratings cancellations and others due to poor quality can potentially be reversed by taking a quality improvement course offered in most major cities for a fee ( Uber will eventually make the course available entirely online so drivers everywhere can partake as needed ) . Because not all deactivations come with warning or explanation , you will have to contact Uber to find out the particulars of your case and what if anything can be done to reverse it . This may be an involved process , so be sure to be patient , courteous , and respectful , even if you feel your questions are n ’ t being answered or you ’ re not being helped . Just politely persist in asking for clarity . Drivers whose accounts are canceled due to serious passenger complaints or grave violations of policy will not be reactivated . Conclusion Uber is a great way for good drivers with free time to make extra cash and be of service to their communities . The basic idea here is the same as any on - the - road interaction , or any engagement with other people : Drive safely and responsibly . Be courteous . Be kind . Do that , and not only will you have a great driver rating , but you ’ ll have the confidence that comes from knowing you ’ re a good person , too . Summary Reviewer HyreCar Review Date 2016 - 11 - 15 Reviewed Item Uber Deactivation Author Rating By James R | November 15th , 2016 | Blog Driver 23 Comments Share This Story , Choose Your Platform ! | [
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http://i-base.info/qa/4147 | Question How long do efavirenz side effects last ? 5 January 2016 . Related : All topics Changing treatment Side effects Starting treatment I just started with efavirenz and Truvada 10 days ago . I ’ m not sleeping properly and feel dizzy all the time . Is this normal , and when will it get better ? Answer Answer : Simon Collins Hi The type of side effects you report are pretty common when starting efavirenz . For most people the dizzyness starts to get easier to tolerate within the first week or two , but it sounds like you may be having a particularly difficult time . One thing to check is that you are not taking your meds after dinner . Meals that contain a lot of fat increase efavirenz levels by about 60 % . Efavirenz should not be take until at least two houf after food that contains a lot of fat . Taking efavirenz before bedtime means you are hopefully sleeping during the side effects . It is up to you how long you want to give this before trying another drug . Although your clinic might suggest giving it more time , some people change within a week if they are badly affected . You do n ’ t need to prove anything to anyone by staying on a drug that does n ’ t work for you . There are lots of other options and switching is easy . There is more information on efavirenz at this link This answer was updated in January 2016 from a question first posted on 11 June 2011 . | [
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http://i-facts.info/what-your-nose-says-about-your-personality/ | 33 What your nose says about your personality ? Posted on September 22 , 2013 by admin It ’ s a fact that your sneezing style could be genetic , with an amazing information about boogers can boost immune system . Love your nose or hate it , but you have to believe these amazing facts about nose . Facts About Nose And Your Personality Normal functions of nose : Breathing Preventing from infection Determining sense of smell Determining sense of taste Affecting the resonance of your voice Detect More Than 10,000 Scents Just imagine life without all above mentioned functions could be unfortunate . Even a simple sneeze involves carefully choreographed responses from muscles all over your body . Different Shapes : The shape nose determined by the positions of nasal bones , lower lateral cartilages and upper lateral cartilages . Any combination or differences in these three areas can create a truly unique appearance of nose , which can even more depending on ethnicity . According to the recent survey in the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery identified 14 human nose shapes whereas Israeli professor of chemical engineering Abraham Tamir , PhD , surveyed images of 1,793 noses , as per Ibrahim they all fell into these basic types , ranging from the Greek nose ( straight ) to the hawk nose ( sharp and “ downward hooking . ” ) Most common was the “ fleshy nose . ” Sneeze Style is Genetic : Your sneeze style could be honk , shout or silent , sneeze process starts when an irritant happens to the trigeminal nerve . This irritation starts with a sequence of reflexes to expel the intruder , a deep inhalation followed by the closing the glottis in the throat and a build - up of pressure in the lungs ( “ ah ” ) , then the sudden opening of the glottis as the diaphragm forces air up through the mouth and nose , expelling the irritant ( “ choo ! ” ) . Nose is the most important and projecting part of human face , and noticed immediately . Nose shape are also indicator of characters … Big Nose : A Big nose Big noses can have either short or long bridge for the nose . They have wider tips with larger nostrils . The bigger nose , the more power , drive , leadership , ego , and desire to work independently . Big nose people hate receiving orders and like being their own bosses . They prefer making bigger contributions and shows less interest in small task . Small noses : A small nose Smaller in length and width , the tip is neither flat nor round . They are best in group activities where they use their creative imaginations and best spontaneity . They are impatient and frustrated sometimes , which can lead to temper outbursts . But , they think of others and are always willing to help out for the greater good , usually making the task fun . They love what they do in order to work hard and do not have problems dealing with repetitive and systematic work . Long Nose : Long Nose The longer your nose , you have a good sense of business , common points , a healthy sense of ambition , great instincts , and people respond positively to your leadership . Your biggest problems are often derived from your greatest strengths . Short Nose : short Nose These people are loyal and concern , but short on drive and ambition . They have the no emotional stamina in competitive conditions and are often wary and overwhelmed by those who have strong egos and drive . They are child like sweet , emotional , kind , high sensitive but not easy to get to know well . Straight Nose : Straight Nose Also known as the Greek nose , generally have narrow nostrils and are considered to be very appealing ! These kinds of people with straight noses are considered to be very clever and helpful in nature . They show methodical discipline and is linked with success in life . Turned - up Nose : Turned - up Nose A long , curved , and almost - concave slope with a slight upward peak at the tip are often very optimistic , kind and have a character that is full . These nose shape people are loving , supportive and nurturing personalities . Hooked Nose : Hooked Nose A person with a nose like this one has the same characteristics as that of a big - nosed person but with a bit of exaggeration . To get along with such a person make sure you respect him and make him feel important . People who have hawk type of a nose shape always follow their own path and they are not influenced by masses . Roman Nose : Roman Nose People with Roman nose are said to be very headstrong and ambitious in nature . They are great leaders and have a very strong personality . They do not rush to making decisions and efficiently organize things . Wavy Nose : Wavy Nose Noticeable because it has a typical bump at the tip of the nose and appear larger at the tip . They are fun - loving in nature and enjoying personalities . Nubian Nose : Nubian Nose A long shape nose has a base that is very wide . It is the kind of nose that Barrack Obama has People with Nubian nose are always seeking for new ways to approach issues , they are very curious and open minded . They are attractive , expressive and emotions can be overwhelmed . Facts Information | [
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http://iaeimagazine.org/magazine/2012/05/16/do-washing-machines-require-gfci-protection/ | Columns Focus on the Code 2012 May / June 2012 Features Systems and Equipment Do washing machines require GFCI protection ? By Mark Hilbert May 16 , 2012 0 15821 Question An inspector told me the other day that a washing machine in a dwelling unit required GFCI protection . I ’ ve looked and I ca n ’ t find that requirement in the 2011 NEC . Can you help me with this requirement ? TA Answer Thank you for your correspondence . There is no specific requirement in the NEC for the washing machine itself to have GFCI protection . Section 210.52 ( F ) requires a receptacle outlet to be installed for the laundry area and it must be supplied by a 20 - ampere branch circuit in accordance with 210.11 ( C ) ( 2 ) . However , depending on the location of the receptacle outlet itself , GFCI protection may be required . For example , if the laundry area receptacle outlet ( 20 - ampere , 125 - volt ) is TAGS Focus on the Code Previous article Jumping to Conclusions Next article Microinverters and AC PV Modules Are Different Beasts Mark Hilbert | [
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http://iagenweb.org/census/appanoose/ | Appanoose County If you have information to add or correct please click the link at the bottom of this page . If you would like to become a Volunteer transcriber for this county , visit the Volunteer Page . Thanks ! Find other census and genealogical data at the Appanoose County IAGenWeb site Year Transcriber Status Date Townships / towns ( pages ) 1852 Constance Diamond Complete 27 Feb 2008 3 May 2004 ALL Index : A - Z 1854 1856 Legend Sue Claman Complete 3 May 2004 - 5 Mar 2005 Caldwell Twp * Center Twp : Part 1 Part 2 Chariton Twp Independence Twp Johns Twp Pleasant Twp Shoal Twp Taylor Twp Union Twp Wells Twp Washington Twp 1859 1885 Enumerator ' s Instructions 1892 Mystic City ( City / Town Schedule ) 1895 Legend Renee L . Rimmert Partial 17 Apr 2017 - 31 Jan 2018 Bellair Twp Brazil town Numa town Caldwell Twp Exline town * Center Twp : Centerville city - Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 3 Chariton Twp Douglas Twp Independence Twp Franklin Twp . . . 1905 ( register ) 1905 Introduction 1905 ( full ) 1915 1925 ~ Enumerator ' s Instructions Questions , comments , or suggestions are welcome . Please email the State Census Coordinator | [
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http://iagenweb.org/census/vanburen/ | Van Buren County Home What ' s New Browse by County Where can I find . . . ? Volunteers Volunteer Manual Templates Years / Counties Covered , Priorities Status Look - Up Volunteers If you have information to add or correct please click the link at the bottom of this page . If you would like to become a Volunteer transcriber for this county , visit the Volunteer Page . Thanks ! Find other census and genealogical data at the Van Buren County IAGenWeb site Division Transcriber Status Date Transcripts 1836 ( Wisconsin Territorial Census ) Census Introduction Eleanor ( Lynn ) B . McCleary Complete 12 Jun 2009 Des Moines index ( The division " Western part of Des Moines County " is the portion now Van Buren County ) 1838 Wisconsin Territorial 1838 ( Wisconsin Territorial Census ) Census Introduction Eleanor ( Lynn ) B . McCleary stats only 24 Sep 2009 Van Buren County ( alphabetized ) Mrs . Gerald Reynolds Division 3 only ( see note ) 13 Oct 2002 County 1847 ( Complete ) ( alphabetized ) Mrs . Vernon Harris w / Miss Linda Harris Complete 13 Oct 2002 County ( original order ) volunteer need 1849 ( Complete ) Madeline & Joe Huff ; proofread by Lida Lisle Greene Complete 20 Aug 2004 ( original order ) volunteer need 1852 Rich Lowe in progress Mar 2009 1854 1856 Index only Bertlyn Crouse Johnston Full Transcript Volunteer needed 1859 Enumerator ' s Instructions 1885 1895 Division Transcriber Pages Date Link Bonaparte Twp . Rich Lowe 03 - 15 30 Dec 2003 IAGenWeb Bonaparte Town ( Bonaparte Twp . ) " " 16 - 45 30 Dec 2003 IAGenWeb Cedar Twp . " " 50 - 80 10 May 2004 Chequest Twp . 091 - 119 10 Feb 2005 Des Moines Twp . 128 - 156 22 Mar 2005 Farmington Twp . 165 - 190 10 Feb 2004 Farmington City ( Farmington Twp . ) 216 - 257 01 May 2004 Harrisburg Twp . 264 - 291 01 May 2004 Jackson Twp . 325 - 354 12 Mar 2006 Cantril Town ( Jackson Twp . ) 379 - 390 17 Mar 2006 Vernon Twp . 611 - 640 13 Feb 2006 Continuing . . . Introduction 1905 ( register ) 1905 ( full ) 1915 Legend ~ Enumerator ' s Instructions 1925 Birmingham town ( Union and Lick Creek Twps . ) Conni McDaniel Hall complete 26 Aug 2011 Bonaparte Twp . Conni McDaniel Hall complete 27 Mar 2009 Bonaparte town ( Bonaparte Twp . ) " " 27 Mar 2009 Cantril town ( Jackson Twp . ) " " 1 Jan 2012 Des Moines Twp . " " 14 Jun 2010 Farmington Twp . " " complete 1 Jul 2009 Farmington town ( Farmington Twp . ) complete 1 Jul 2009 Part 1 Part 2 Harrisburg Twp . 31 Aug 2009 Henry Twp . 26 Apr 2012 Vernon Twp . 29 Oct 2009 Cedar Twp . 19 Sep 2010 Chequest Twp . 6 Mar 2011 Jackson Twp . Conni McDaniel Hall & Beverly Cramer 25 Mar 2015 Keosauqua town ( Van Buren Twp . ) Charles Kerner 8 Feb 2016 Stockport town ( Cedar & Union Twps . ) Charles Kerner 21 Mar 2016 Proofreaders ( see transcript ) : Paul French , Beverly Cramer & JoAnne Aylward continuing . . . An explanation of the LINK column : indicates the transcript is stored at this website and can be searched . If a transcript is stored at another website , you will see one of the following indications : - an IAGenWeb county site Questions , comments , or suggestions are welcome . Please email the State Census Coordinator | [
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http://iagenweb.org/clinton/ | Clinton IAGenWeb Welcome Hello and Welcome My name is Nettie Mae and Im the coordinator for Clinton County John is the assistant coordinator You can contact us anytime with questions updates submissions or suggestions by visiting our Contact Us page We are not able to do lookups at this time unfortunately For that please visit our Resources page or the contact one of the historical societies We are a part of the IAGenWeb Project which is part of the USGenWeb Project These sites are dedicated to providing free online records and resources Our main goal is to bring some of the genealogical and historical information available in Clinton County to you in a way that helps you learn more about your ancestors and hopefully causes you to be curious enough to want to learn even more We are not here to provide you with ALL the information but rather an index or some other indication that there IS info and where you might find out more This is a volunteer effort to promote genealogical research and to promote records preservation and availability by providing online access to records and information for free Please keep in mind that All the work here is done by Wonderful volunteers If you have time or information to share we would love to hear from you There are so many areas of interest in Clinton County genealogy and local history We have tried to put as much online as we can and we continue to add information Much of our information comes from the Clinton County Historical Society to whom we are greatly indebted and thankful The best resource of all continues to be the volunteers and visitors to our website You Many visitors have typed and submitted some of the most interesting items found within these pages I hope as you have time you will consider sending us your info or transcribing and typing up info to share with others here on our site Volunteers are desperately needed to transcribe records that help us continually update the site We are currently working on transcribing the 1895 census I am a true believer in new blood is always great If youd want to volunteer to help please see the Join Our Team link or contact me directly Clinton County Iowa Clinton County is located on the Mississippi River at the eastern most tip of Iowa It is bordered to the north by Jackson county to the west by Jones and Cedar counties and to the south by Scott county Across the river to the east are Carroll Whiteside and Rock Island counties in Illinois Iowa was originally part of the Louisiana Purchase and was a part of the District of Louisiana in 1804 In 1807 Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois and in 1812 part of the Territory of Missouri After 1821 Iowa was unattached to any territory until it became part of Michigan Territory in 1834 In 1836 Iowa became part of Wisconsin Territory until 1838 when it was finally established as the Territory of Iowa On the 11th of January 1840 the Territorial Legislature organized the county of Clinton and made Camanche the county seat By this time Elijah Buell had settled Lyons and J M Bartlett had founded New York which was renamed Clinton Visit our neighboring counties Help IAGenWeb grow by adopting a county or volunteering to transcribe records IAGenWeb orphan counties are Adams Greene Guthrie Ida Jackson Jones Linn Lyon Mahaska Poweshiek Sac For information on how you can adopt one of our counties please contact the IAGenWeb Welcome Hostess for more information Become a Friend of the IAGenWeb If you enjoy the benefits that the IAGenWeb county and Special Projects offer wont you consider becoming a Friend of IAGenWeb For more information please click on the Friends Logo Menu History People Places Records Resources Message Boards Join Us Please Join our FaceBook Group Clinton Co IAGenWeb We are also on Be sure to Subscribe to our Mailing List as well HOME | [
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http://iahrworldcongress.org/ | PANAMA CITY PANAMA IAHR World Congress 2019 Water Connecting the World September 16 2019 Peter Goodwin IAHR President IAHR Committee Welcome Global interest in water has increased rapidly in recent years Many water issues are high on the political agenda whether it concerns the lack of access to safe water and sanitation or the increase in waterrelated disasters due to floods and droughts This challenge must be addressed by management and policy decisions informed by science and engineering knowledge that is relevant credible legitimate and delivered in a timely manner Therefore the discipline of hydroenvironment engineering and research is more important than ever The 38th IAHR World Congress will bring together the key players in the sector from around the globe in Water Connecting the World from 16 September 2019 in Panama We look forward to meeting you there Ing Carlos A Vargas Congress Chairman Dr Lucas E Calvo G Head of Local Scientific Comittee Local Organizing Committee On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee LOC of the 38th IAHR World Congress and the International Association for HydroEnvironment Engineering and Research IAHR we are delighted to invite you to join the 38th IAHR World Congress in 2019 in Panama City Panama The Congress will be held with the central theme Water Connecting the World focusing on Hydraulic Structures Ports and Coastal Engineering HydroEnvironment Water Management and Hydroinformatics River and Sediment Management and Climate Change and Extreme Events The Congress will provide a platform for science and practice to meet An exhibition alongside the congress will present the latest developments in equipment software and instrumentation Workshops and training events will be offered during the Congress Must See Videos Check out the promotional video from our IAHR World Congress 2019 Panama City Panama and Video Panama The Great Connection Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Organisers IAHR World Congress is a Collaboratively work by | [
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http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/ | Home > STIGs Security Technical Implementation Guides ( STIGs ) STIGs Updates ! STIG Viewer Version 2.9 - Update 4 / 4 / 2019 Taniu m 7.3 STIG Ver 1 , Rel 1 - Update 2 / 22 / 2019 Apache Server 2.4 UNIX Server Draft STIG - Update 1 / 18 / 2019 Apache Server 2.4 V1R0 . 1 Overview - Update 2 / 7 / 2019 Apache Server 2.4 UNIX Server Draft STIG - Update 1 / 18 / 2019 Apache Server 2.4 UNIX Site Draft STIG Apache Server 2.4 Windows Server Draft STIG Apache Server 2.4 Windows Site Draft STIG The Security Technical Implementation Guides ( STIGs ) are the configuration standards for DOD IA and IA - enabled devices / systems . Since 1998 , DISA has played a critical role enhancing the security posture of DoD ' s security systems by providing the Security Technical Implementation Guides ( STIGs ) . The STIGs contain technical guidance to " lock down " information systems / software that might otherwise be vulnerable to a malicious computer attack . Questions or comments ? Please contact DISA STIG Customer Support Desk : disa . stig_spt @ mail . mil | [
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http://ib.berkeley.edu/courses/ib162/Week3a.htm | Basic Genetics as Revealed by Cats Important Concepts and Facts about Cat Genetics Phenotype vs . Genotype A trait is some aspect of an organism that can be described or measured . � The phenotype is the observed state of the trait . � Phenotype is a product of the interaction between genotype and environment � First , we will consider the effects of genotype . Cats have 19 pairs of chromosomes One member of each pair comes from Mom and one from Dad . Along the chromosomes are genes � Genes provide the information necessary to produce a cat . All the genes in all the chromosomes comprise the genome , which is the complete cat blueprint . Each gene is also called a locus ( plural : loci ) , indicating that it has a physical location on the chromosome . Thus , each cat has two alleles of each gene ; one inherited from each parent . The genotype at a locus is a determined by the identities of those two alleles . For example , the genotype of a longhaired cat at the longhaired locus , which controls fur length , is ll This genotype is homozygous ( both alleles are the same ) . Dominance Longhaired It isn � t possible to determine the longhaired genotype of a shorthaired cat simply by observation . This is because the shorthaired allele , L , is dominant to the allele , l , which means that in a heterozygote Ll , i.e. , each allele is different ) the effect of the shorthaired allele over - rides , or dominates the effect of the recessive allele . � � Dominant alleles are usually symbolized by capital letters and recessive alleles with lower case letters . It is possible to infer the genotype of a shorthaired cat by observing the phenotypes of its offspring from a mating with a longhaired cat . Such a mating is called a test cross ( Table 1 ) . Table 1 . Test cross to determine the genotype of a shorthaired cat . The numbers in the boxes below indicate the proportion of progeny of each phenotype expected to result from a mating of the shorthaired of unknown genotype to a homozygous recessive longhaired . Tester Possible genotypes of shorthaired phenotype phenotype Ll ll 50 % longhaired : 50 % shorthaired 100 % longhaired Question 1 : What assumptions about the inheritance of alleles must you make to use a test - cross to determine the genotype of an individual expressing the dominant phenotype ? Other genes with dominant alleles are the agouti gene , which controls color expression along the length of each shaft of hair , and the eumelanin and dilute genes , which also influence coat color . Agouti Some cats have hairs in which there is more than one color distributed along the hair shaft . Banded hairs of this type are termed agouti , and they produce a ticked , or agouti , coat . Agouti is the typical fur color found in many wild animals such as mice squirrels and rabbits , and is thought to be important in their crypticity ( ability to blend into the background ) . Agouti is determined by the dominant agouti A In contrast , hairs on non - agouti cats are unbanded , producing a solidly colored coat . Such a cat is homozygous for the non - agouti allele ( aa ) at the locus ( Fig . 1 ) . Question 2 : How would you determine the genotype of an agouti cat ? Figure 1 . More than two alleles The colors in hair , skin , and eyes are caused by melanin . Microscopic granules of melanin are deposited in the hair shafts . The shape , size , and arrangement of these granules affect coat color . There are two different kinds of melanin : eumelanin and phaeomelanin . Eumelanin granules are thought to be spherical in shape and absorb almost all light , giving black pigmentation . Phaeomelanin granules are thought to be elongated like footballs , and to reflect light in the red - orange - yellow range . Black black gene has three alleles that control the density of eumelanin granules in the hair shaft . black B , is dominant and produces a black ( actually super - dark brown ) coat . This black color is evident in all - black cats , the black stripes of a tabby cat , and the dark ear - tips , feet and tails ( the points ) of seal point Siamese cats . dark - brown allele , b , reduces black to a dark brown , chocolate color . This allele is less common and occurs almost exclusively in pedigreed cats such as Siamese and Burmese . It is believed that the b allele migrated into Europe from Asia via importation of Siamese cats during the 1800 � s . The light - brown allele , l , further reduces melanin density to produce a medium brown coat , called cinnamon . It is not too likely that you will find cats homozygous for these recessive alleles in Berkeley � s general cat population . The dominance heirarchy of these alleles is B > > ( Figure 2 ) . Dilute dilute locus has two alleles that affect the distribution of pigment granules in the fur . The dominant dense D , produces dense color , whereas the recessive allele ( d ) causes clumpng of pigment granules in the hair shaft , leaving large areas between the clumps containing no granules . These open areas cause color dilution ( Figure 2 ) . Figure 2 . Effect of ( eumelanin ) , orange ( phaeomelanin ) , and genes on cat coat colors . Codominance Dominance is a continuous phenomenon , which runs the gamut from completely dominant ( e.g. the allele , which completely masks the recessive allele ) to codominant , where the hetrozyogote resembles neither homozygote . Albino Two alleles at the albino locus , pointed c s , and sepia c , provide an example of codominance . Both alleles are recessive to the full - color C , but are codominant with each other . The homozygous genotype s reduces pigment expression across most of the animal . Reducing pigment production in the eyes produces bright blue eyes , while reducing pigment density in the hair shaft reduces the basic coat color from black / brown to a light beige with dark brown � points � in the classic Siamese pattern . The homozygous b genotype has a similar but smaller reduction in pigment production , reducing a black coat to very dark brown ( similar to the color of the � points � on the Siamese ) and yielding green or green - gold eyes . These cats are called � Burmese � . The heterozygote possesses one of each of the alleles , b , and yields a combination phenotype called � Tonkinese � : a Siamese - patterned coat with darker base body color and turquoise ( aquamarine ) eyes . All three alleles ( C , and ) are dominant to the very rare albino alleles , a , which when homozygous produce white cats with either lightly pigmented ( a ) pale blue eyes or unpigmented ( cc ) pink eyes . The dominance hierarchy at the albino locus is : = Question 3 : Why do population geneticists prefer to work with codominant genes ? Genotype by Environment Interaction Most cat coat color traits show little influence from the environment . However , there is one fascinating exception to this rule . Siamese , at the albino gene causes temperature - sensitive pigment expression . The allele produces a temperature - sensitive tyrosinase gene that is inactive at the cat � s core body temperature , leaving a light brown background . However , at the tips of the extremities , which are much cooler , the enzyme is active and produces normal amounts of pigment , creating the characteristic dark � points � of the Siamese . Indeed , � indoor � Siamese cats living in warm homes tend to be lighter than their � outdoor � compatriots , which can become quite dark during cold winters . allele is also temperature sensitive , but less so than the allele , and therefore produces a darker coat . Epistasis : Gene - Gene Interaction Orange orange gene has two alleles : non - orange non - orange o , is recessive and allows full expression of the locus . The dominant O , however , influences expression of the and loci because it substitutes the production of phaeomelanin for eumelanin . It masks the effect of the gene by converting a black or brown coat to orange . The ability of one gene to mask the effect of another gene is called epistasis Further , all orange cats are tabbies because the allele is epistatic to the non - agouti ( solid coat ) phenotype normally produced by aa at the locus . This masking occurs because the orange band of phaeomelanin granules in the hair shaft is not visible against the yellowish background of the hair without melanin granules . � � Sex - linked Traits The other interesting characteristic of the gene is that it is carried on the X chromosome , which makes it sex - linked In male cats , this locus can normally produce only two phenotypes , black or orange , whereas in females it can produce three phenotypes : black , orange , and tortoiseshell . This is because males are normally XY ( heterogametic ) , and therefore have only one X - chromosome . Thus , if a male carries the allele at all , he will be orange ( OY ) . Females are XX , meaning they have two X - chromosomes ( homogametic ) . If both chromosomes carry the orange allele , then the cat will be orange . However , if she is heterozygous ( Oo ) , her coat will be a patchwork of orange and black patches , called tortoiseshell . This pattern reveals an interesting phenomenon . To ensure that the amount of gene product in female cells is equal to that found in male cells , early in female embryonic development , one X - chromosome is inactivated in each cell . Thus , in a female that is heterozygous at the locus , some cells produce phaeomelanin ( the active X - chromosome contains the O allele ) and others do not ( the active X - chromosome contains the o allele ) . Which X - chromosome is inactivated is an entirely random decision . Further , this decision is passed on to all cells in any cell line , making the female a mosaic of cell patches with one or the other X - chromosomes actively producing its gene products . Question 4 : Develop a table describing the possible genotypes and their phenotypes that could result from a cross between a tortoiseshell and a black cat . Assume both cats are homozygous BB Complex Traits Complex traits are controlled by more than one gene . Of course , cat color is controlled by multiple genes . However , even within this complex trait , categories can be distinguished which allow us to ascertain genotype at several loci . Some component traits are themselves complex , probably because they are determined in part by a locus with major effect , but also in part by loci with small effects . These loci with small effects are often called minor loci or modifier genes Tabby tabby gene causes banded ( ticked ) hairs to alternate with stripes , blotches , or spots of solidly colored hairs , creating the striping pattern in cat coats . There are two common striping patterns ( Figure 3 ) : mackerel ( parallel stripes ) or classic ( characterized by thick stripes or whorls that create a blotched or bulls - eye pattern ) . The parallel stripe is produced by the dominant tabby allele , T It is probably the ancestral striping pattern , which is seen in the African wild cat ( Felis libyca ) and the European wild cat ( Felis silvestris The recessive blotched t , produces the classic pattern , and probably arose much later by mutation . A third allele in the series , Abyssinian T ) produces the Abyssinian phenotype that has faint striping only on the face or tail and has a dark stripe down the center of the back . The hierarchy of dominance for the three alleles is t However , allele shows some degree of incomplete dominance since either or heterozygotes may show faint striping on the legs and tail . Question 5 : What effect might a striped ( vs . solid ) coat have on the fitness of a wild cat ? Figure 3 . Striping patterns determined by the gene . � � � � � � � � � � � T ‑ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � All cats have one of the above tabby patterns - even solid black cats . However , because the gene is epistatic to the gene , striping can not be seen in non - agouti cats . This is because the recessive agouti genotype blocks the production of banded hairs , thereby masking the expression of the tabby phenotype . It is nevertheless sometimes possible to see � ghost � striping on black cats , especially kittens , when viewed in the proper light . It is also important to note that because the allele at the locus is epistatic to the gene , tabby striping is not masked on solid orange cats , or on orange patches on tortoiseshell cats . That is , is epistatic to the epistatis of on the gene . The genetic mechanism behind a fourth tabby phenotype , the spotted tabby , is not completely understood . There are probably two different mechanisms . The first appears to be a modification of the mackerel tabby , in which the narrow bars are broken up into small dark patches . This effect is though to be the result of several modifier genes acting on the major tabby gene . There is another rarer spotted phenotype called the Ocicat ( because of its resemblance to the wild ocelot ) which has larger , more distinct round spots . This phenotype may be due to a separate major gene . However , because it is so rare , for the purposes of this project we will consider any spotted tabby to have the mackerel tabby phenotype , with modifications . Pleiotropy When a gene affects more than one trait , it is termed pleiotropic Most coat color genes have pleiotropic effects on eye color . However , two genes also have an interesting pleiotropic effect on hearing ability . Dominant White white allele , W , overrides all other genes for pigmentation , and produces a white coat and blue eyes . Thus , the dominant white allele is epistatic to all other coat color genes . Of course , the other genes for color and pattern are present , but their effects are completely hidden because the dominant mutation blocks production of specialized melanin - producing cells called melanocytes . Interestingly , the cochlea of the ear contains a band of melanocytes that regulate ion balance . Normally , hearing occurs via electrical signals stimulated by vibration of the hair cells in the cochlea . Transmission of these signals to the brain requires constant regulation of ion balance . When ion balance is not maintained , signal transmission to the brain degenerates within a few days after birth , producing irreversible deafness . Thus , the dominant locus exhibits plieotropy , affecting both coat color and hearing . Piebald Spotting White spotted , or piebald , cats are very common . Spotting may occur with any coat color , and is mainly due to the effect of one gene with two co - dominant alleles . The spotted allele , S , creates responsible for white spots , while the allele is not . Hence , the homozygote , ss , has no white spots . The heterozygote , Ss , has restricted areas of white spotting ; usually the feet , nose , chest , and belly . Finally , the SS homozygote has white regions covering more than half the body . In the latter case , people usually consider the dark patches to be spots . However , in reality , it is the larger white area that is the spot , and in fact , a � spotted � ( SS ) cat may even be completely white ! The degree of spotting varies tremendously , but spotting patterns usually follow a regular progression . Cats with the least spotting have small spots on the breast and belly . Increased spotting seems to progress to cover the entire belly , the neck , chin and front feet . Finally , cats with the most spotting have spots up the sides , over the back and onto the head . The tail seems to be the last area to have white spots . Since cats vary continuously in the extent of spotting , and the pattern of spotting is not completely random , it is unlikely that only one gene determines the degree of spotting . There is evidence of at least one other gene that has a weak spotting effect . It can cause a very small white spot on the throat , breast , or on the belly near the hind legs . In fact , several genes probably modify the action of the major spotting gene to produce the continuum of spotting patterns seen in cat populations . Since the action of these weak modifier genes is not well understood , we will score only the major spotting gene in our cat survey . The spotted allele , S , hampers the migration of melanocytes during embryonic development . White spots are areas lacking melanocytes . Thus , within these patches a spotted cat will exhibit the same pleiotropy as caused by the dominant - white gene . For example , if an eye is within a spot , it will be blue . Thus , spotted cats may be blue - eyed or odd - eyed . Further , if the spot encompasses an ear , the cat will be deaf in that ear . Since a spot often covers the eye when it covers the ear , an odd - eyed cat will frequently be deaf on the blue - eyed side . The spotting gene has in interesting effect on the patterning in tortoiseshell ( Oo ) cats . With the ss genotype , there is no white spotting and the orange and black are intermingled , usually without large patches of either orange or black . With either Ss or genotypes , there are white spots and the orange and black occur as distinct patches . These cats are called calico cats ( or , sometimes , tortoiseshell and white ) . This pattern seems to be due to the effect of the spotting allele on embryonic melanocyte migration . Special note about white cats White cats can be produced in three distinct ways . It can be dominant white ( W ‑ ) , albino ( cc ) , or spotted ( S ‑ ) with one big white spot all over its body . It is therefore important to observe white cats carefully and take notes about their eye - color . W , and the homozygous spotted genotype , , can both produce a translucent all - white coat with either orange or medium blue eyes . However , the spotted white cat often has a tuft of color somewhere on its body . If the cat has even one colored hair on its body , it is spotted rather than dominant white gene controls the amount of pigment produced in the melanocytes . A cat homozygous for , at the locus is a true albino , in that its melanocytes can not produce any pigment . It has a translucent white coat and pink eyes . A genotype at the locus produces a white cat with pale blue ( almost grey ) eyes . Both these alleles are very rare . Deafness in white cats is associated with white spotting ( ) , and with dominant white ( ) , but not with albino white ( ) . Question 6 : If you mated two white cats , would you be confident of always obtaining white progeny ? Explain . Question 7 : What factors determine allele frequency ? Is a dominant allele always the most frequent allele at a locus ? Question 8 : Manx cats have no tail and relatively long rear legs . What is the genotype of a Manx cat ? Do you expect the frequency of Manx cats to increase over time ? Why or why not ? Table 2 . Effects of on the gene effects . Note that here , an orange cat is described as � red � , and an Abysinnian is called a � ticked tabby � . and genes also influence expression of the albino gene , but their effects have not been tabulated here . | [
"Cat Genetics",
"genotype",
"agouti"
] |
http://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-4-ecology/44-climate-change/greenhouse-effect.html | Greenhouse Effect List Understanding The warmed Earth emits longer wavelength radiation heat Longer wave radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases that retain the heat in the atmosphere The greenhouse effect is a natural process whereby the atmosphere behaves like a greenhouse to trap and retain heat This ensures the Earth maintains the moderate temperatures needed by organisms to maintain life processes homeostasis Without a greenhouse effect Earths temperatures would drop significantly at night in the absence of direct sunlight This browser can not play the embedded video file How the Greenhouse Effect Works The greenhouse effect functions to trap heat within the atmosphere and hence prevent rapid temperature fluctuations Incoming radiation from the sun is shorter wave radiation ultraviolet radiation and the visible spectrum The surface of the Earth absorbs short wave radiation and reemits it at a longer wavelength ie infrared heat Greenhouse gases absorb and reradiate this longer wave radiation and hence retain the heat within the atmosphere The Greenhouse Effect | [
"greenhouse effect"
] |
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