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http://invertebrates.si.edu/giant_squid/page2.html | NMNH Home Research & Collections Invertebrate Zoology Giant Squid Giant Squid - ( Architeuthis dux < - Previous page : 1 2 3 4 Next - > How are giant squid studied ? ( Sources of information ) Clyde Roper , one of the world ' s foremost authorities on the giant squid , has nurtured a life - long passion for cephalopods . Dr . Roper , zoologist emeritus with the Smithsonian , is still lecturing , researching , and writing . Find out more about Dr . Roper through his Staff Biography page , at Smithsonian Magazine online , " 35 Who Made a Difference : Clyde Roper " Image courtesy : Chip Clark , Smithsonian Institution , National Museum of Natural History Whether found floating at sea or washed ashore as flotsam ( debris ) , giant squid have been reported in records dating back to the 16th Century . No doubt , these fabulous creatures have been scattered around the world ’ s beaches for as long as giant squid have existed . Greek philosopher Aristotle first described giant squid , which he called teuthos , around 350 B.C. In 1857 , Jappetus Steenstrup , an eminent Danish biologist , pieced together from stories , ancient drawings , and one beak , the fact that kraken were nothing more or less than squid — giant squid . Steenstrup named these animals Architeuthis after the Greek for “ ruling squid ” . Professor Addison E . Verrill of Yale University later , in 1873 , confirmed Steenstrup ’ s assignment by examining two specimens that washed up on the Newfoundland coast . Since then , more than 300 Architeuthis have been found on the beaches and coastlines of the world ’ s oceans and captured in deep sea fishing nets . Although this number of specimens is substantial , they have not provided enough detailed information for scientists to fully understand the anatomy or infer the biology of these squid . This is because many of the earlier specimens were destroyed and never preserved . Once dead , giant squid decompose rapidly . Other marine organisms frequently are scavengers on dead squid . The eyes , skin and internal organs are usually first to be damaged . Tentacles and Scientists have found hundreds of indigestible giant squid beaks in the stomachs of sperm whales . Wildlife artist Glen Loates visualizes what a battle between these underwater titans might look like . Image courtesy : Glen Loates , www . glenloates . com Sperm whales ( Physeter catodon ) are known to be the major predator of giant squid . Whales stranded on beaches and caught by whaling ships bear circular scars inflicted by the powerful suckers of giant squid . Scientists have used the size of the scars to estimate the size of the squid eaten by the whales . Scars as large as 7.8 inches ( 20 cm ) have been reported and some people believe that it would take a 246 - foot ( 75 m ) squid to bear such a sucker ! Do not believe it ! Scientists have noted that no fresh Sperm whales have an interesting way of digesting giant squid . Enzymes in the large whales ’ stomach quickly digest the soft tissues of squid . The squid ’ s hard beak , made of a carbohydrate called chitin , is indigestible . Sperm whales must rid themselves of the thousands of hard , pointy beaks that accumulate in their digestive tracts . To do so , they coat the beaks with a slick , waxy substance called ambergris , then pass the mass of beaks and ambergris through the digestive tract . The six - foot - tall Clyde Roper becomes a human yardstick to show the size of this giant squid specimen , caught in the orange roughy fisheries off the coast of New Zealand in 1998 or 1999 . Image courtesy : Ingrid Roper The distribution and abundance of giant squid can be roughly estimated from the stomach contents of sperm whales . Sperm whales and giant squid occur in all oceans of the world . Scientists also learn about these deep - sea creatures from the catch of commercial fishing operations . As commercial fishing nets are dropped to ever - greater depths , they more frequently bring up giant squid . Netted specimens are often in better condition than stranded squid since the netted squid are likely to have been alive before they were caught . While many of these giants are not saved for scientific examination , some that are preserved have enough remains in their stomachs that some prey can be identified . During the 1990s , the greatest numbers of giant In 2004 , Japanese scientists took the first still photographs of a living giant squid on a camera set at almost 3000 feet ( 900 m ) deep . In 2006 , these same scientists captured a live giant squid and pulled it to the surface where it was videotaped while still alive . It is now a specimen at the Japanese National Museum . ( See photo in the left column , courtesy of Tsunemi Kubodera . ) There are now about a dozen giant squid on display in museums and aquaria worldwide including 2 specimens currently on display in the museum ' s new Sant Ocean Hall . Our hall specimens include a large immature female and a smaller mature male . Both were caught by fishing trawlers . < - Previous page : 1 2 3 4 Next - > TOP | [
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http://invest-faq.com/articles/stock-ipo.html | Subject : Stocks - Initial Public Offerings ( IPOs ) Last - Revised : 7 Nov 1995 Contributed - By : Art Kamlet ( artkamlet at aol . com ) , Bill Rini ( bill at moneypages . com ) This article is divided into four parts : Introduction to IPOs The Mechanics of Stock Offerings The Underwriting Process IPO ' s in the Real World 1 . Introduction to IPOs When a company whose stock is not publicly traded wants to offer that stock to the general public , it usually asks an " underwriter " to help it do this work . The underwriter is almost always an investment banking company , and the underwriter may put together a syndicate of several investment banking companies and brokers . The underwriter agrees to pay the issuer a certain price for a minimum number of shares , and then must resell those shares to buyers , often clients of the underwriting firm or its commercial brokerage cousin . Each member of For example , if BigGlom Corporation ( BGC ) wants to offer its privately - held stock to the public , it may contact BigBankBrokers ( BBB ) to handle the underwriting . BGC and BBB may agree that 1 million shares of BGC common will be offered to the public at $ 10 per share . BBB ' s fee for this service will be $ 0.60 per share , so that BGC receives $ 9,400,000 . BBB may ask several other firms to join in a syndicate and to help it market these shares to the public . A tentative date will be set , and a preliminary prospectus detailing all sorts of financial and business information will be issued by the issuer , usually with the underwriter ' s active assistance . Usually , terms and conditions of the offer are subject to change up until the issuer and underwriter agree to the final offer . The issuer then releases the stock to the underwriter and the underwriter releases the stock to the public . It is now up to the underwriter to make sure those shares get sold , or else the underwriter is stuck with the shares . The issuer and the underwriting syndicate jointly determine the price of a new issue . The approximate price listed in the red herring ( the preliminary prospectus - often with words in red letters which say this is preliminary and the price is not yet set ) may or may not be close to the final issue price . Consider NetManage , NETM which started trading on NASDAQ on Tuesday , 21 Sep 1993 . The preliminary prospectus said they expected to release the stock at $ 9 - 10 per share . It was released at $ 16 / share and traded two days later at $ 26 + . In this case , there could have been sufficient demand that both the issuer ( who would like to set the price as high as possible ) and the underwriters ( who receive a commission of perhaps 6 % , but who also must resell the entire issue IPO Stock at the release price is usually not available to most of the public . You could certainly have asked your broker to buy you shares of that stock at market at opening . But it ' s not easy to get in on the IPO . You need a good relationship with a broker who belongs to the syndicate and can actually get their hands on some of the IPO . Usually that means you need a large account and good business relationship with that brokerage , and you have a broker who has enough influence to get By the way , if you get a cold call from someone who has an IPO and wants to make you rich , my advice is to hang up . That ' s the sort of IPO that gives IPOs a bad name . Even if you that know a stock is to be released within a week , there is no good way to monitor the release without calling the underwriters every day . The underwriters are trying to line up a few large customers to resell the IPO to in advance of the offer , and that could go faster or slower than predicted . Once the IPO goes off , of course , it will start trading and you can get in on the open market . 2 . The Mechanics of Stock Offerings The Securities Act of 1933 , also known as the Full Disclosure Act , the New Issues Act , the Truth in Securities Act , and the Prospectus Act governs the issue of new issue corporate securities . The Securities Act of 1933 attempts to protect investors by requiring full disclosure of all material information in connection with the offering of new securities . Part of meeting the full disclosure clause of the Act of 1933 , requires that corporate issuers must file a registration statement and preliminary prospectus ( also know as a red herring ) with the SEC A description of the issuer ' s business . The names and addresses of the key company officers , with salary and a 5 year business history on each . The amount of ownership of the key officers . The company ' s capitalization and description of how the proceeds from the offering will be used . Any legal proceedings that the company is involved in . Once the registration statement and preliminary prospectus are filed with the SEC , a 20 day cooling - off period begins . During the cooling - off period the new issue may be discussed with potential buyers , but the broker is prohibited from sending any materials ( including Value Line and S&P sheets ) other than the preliminary prospectus . Testing receptivity to the new issue is known as gathering " indications of interest . " An indication of interest does not obligate or bind the customer to purchase the issue when it becomes available , since all sales are prohibited until the security has cleared registration . A final prospectus is issued when the registration statement becomes effective ( when the registration statement has cleared ) . The final prospectus contains all of the information in the preliminary prospectus ( plus any amendments ) , as well as the final price of the issue , and the underwriting spread . The clearing of a security for distribution does not indicate that the SEC approves of the issue . The SEC ensures only that all necessary information has been filed , but does not attest to the accuracy of the information , nor does it pass judgment on the investment merit of the issue . Any representation that the SEC has approved of the issue is a violation of federal law . 3 . The Underwriting Process The underwriting process begins with the decision of what type of offering the company needs . The company usually consults with an investment banker to determine how best to structure the offering and how it should be distributed . Securities are usually offered in either the new issue , or the additional issue market . Initial Public Offerings ( IPO ' s ) are issues from companies first going public , while additional issues are from companies that are already publicly traded . In addition to the IPO and additional issue offerings , offerings may be further classified as : Primary Offerings : Proceeds go to the issuing corporation . Secondary Offerings : Proceeds go to a major stockholder who is selling all or part of his / her equity in the corporation . Split Offerings : A combination of primary and secondary offerings . Shelf Offering : Under SEC Rule 415 - allows the issuer to sell securities over a two year period as the funds are needed . The next step in the underwriting process is to form the syndicate ( and selling group if needed ) . Because most new issues are too large for one underwriter to effectively manage , the investment banker , also known as the underwriting manager , invites other investment bankers to participate in a joint distribution of the offering . The group of investment bankers is known as the syndicate . Members of the syndicate usually make a firm commitment to distribute a certain percentage of the entire offering a nd are held financially responsible for any unsold portions . Selling Under the most common type of underwriting , firm commitment , the managing underwriter makes a commitment to the issuing corporation to purchase all shares being offered . If part of the new issue goes unsold , any losses are distributed among the members of the syndicate . Whenever new shares are issued , there is a spread between what the underwriters buy the stock from the issuing corporation for and the price at which the shares are offered to the public ( Public Offering Price , POP ) . The price paid to the issuer is known as the underwriting proceeds . The spread between the POP and the underwriting proceeds is split into the following components : Manager ' s Fee : Goes to the managing underwriter for negotiating and managing the offering . Underwriting Fee : Goes to the managing underwriter and syndicate members for assuming the risk of buying the securities from the issuing corporation . Selling Concession - Goes to the managing underwriter , the syndicate members , and to selling group members for placing the securities with investors . The underwriting fee us usually distributed to the three groups in the following percentages : Manager ' s Fee 10 % - 20 % of the spread Underwriting Fee 20 % - 30 % of the spread Selling Concession 50 % - 60 % of the spread In most underwritings , the underwriting manager agrees to maintain a secondary market for the newly issued securities . In the case of " hot issues " there is already a demand in the secondary market and no stabilization of the stock price is needed . However many times the managing underwriter will need to stabilize the price to keep it from falling too far below the POP . SEC Rule 10b - 7 outlines what steps are considered stabilization and what constitutes market manipulation . The managing underwriter may enter bids ( offers to buy ) at prices that Managing underwriters may also discourage selling through the use of a syndicate penalty bid . Although the customer is not penalized , both the broker and the brokerage firm are required to rebate the selling concession back to the syndicate . Many broke rages will further penalize the broker by also requiring that the commission from the sell be rebated back to the brokerage firm . 4 . IPO ' s in the Real World Of course knowing the logistics of how IPO ' s come to market is all fine and dandy , but the real question is , are they a good investment ? That does tend to be a tricky issue . On one hand there are the Boston Chickens and Snapples that shoot up 50 % or 100 % . But then there is the research by people like Tim Loughran and Jay Ritter that shows that the average return on IPO ' s issued between 1970 and 1990 is a mere 5 % annually . How can the two sides of this issue be so far apart ? An easy answer is that for every Microsoft , there are many stocks that end up in bankruptcy . But another answer comes from the fact that all the spectacular stories we hear about the IPO market are usually basing the percentage increase from the POP , and the Loughran and Ritter study uses purchase prices based on the day after the offering hit the market . For most investors , buying shares of a " hot " IPO at the POP is next to impossible . Starting with the managing underwriter and all the way down to the investor , shares of such attractive new issues are allocated based on preference . Most brokers reserve whatever limited allocation they receive for only their best customers . In fact , the old joke about IPO ' s is that if you get the number of shares you ask for , give them back , because it means nobody else wants it . While the deck may seem stacked against the average investor . For an active trader things may not be as bad as they appear . The Loughram and Ritter study assumed that the IPO was never sold . The study does not take into account an investor who bought an issue like 3DO ( THDO - NASDAQ ) , the day after the IPO and sold it in the low to mid 40 ' s , before it came crashing down . Obviously opportunities exist , however it ' s not the easy money so often associated with the IPO Portions of this article are copyright 1995 by Bill Rini . Previous article is Stocks : Investor Rights Movement Next article is Stocks : Mergers Category is Stocks Index of all articles | [
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http://investmentmoats.com/lifestyle-redesign/frugal-life-how-do-i-meal-prep-for-7-days-lunch-in-half-a-day-in-singapore/ | Frugal Life How do I Meal Prep for 7 Days Lunch in Half a Day in Singapore October 16 2016 by Kyith 24 Comments I had some problems I was suffering from Psoriasis an auto immune skin disorder for 20 years and while doctors say it is genetic and not due to the environment or food sensitivity my personal observation and testing tell me otherwise Eating food out and about during lunch and dinner can be a minefield While I know what are the big main ingredients what goes into the gravy and the sauce is a big unknown So I summarize my problem as eat food that reduces these aliments get food that is not expensive get food that is easy to prepare eat food that keeps me adequately full eat food that I will not dread I discovered that I can simplify my life by preparing 7 days of lunch during the weekends And I can achieve economies of scale to make my lunch cheaper than what we have out there This post sought to show you My Meal Prep Process in Detail How much each meal cost How much on average preparing takes What I gain out of this What makes the Most Impact to Food being Tasty What are some skills needed to carry out Meal Prep How healthy or unhealthy to store food Refuting the notion of not getting enough nutrtions from Meal Prep Food Getting bored with food this way Bonus tip for Preparing for an Early breakfast Who this is Suitable for If you have the same problem as what I highlighted above then this article may be helpful for you If you are trying to make ends meet and are trying to optimize your spending you may learn something from this article as well If you always wanted to prepare your own lunch but not sure how to get started parts of this article might help you If you want to simplify your life this article might be useful However if cost is not a concern in your life that you have a generous food budget and ready access to healthy food anywhere you are this is probably not for you If f ood is a low priority for you then this is probably not for you Introducing Meal Prep Sunday I first found Meal Prepping on Reddit I was shocked that people actually went that far enough to do this Suppose as an individual we eat 3 meals a day There are 7 days in a week So theoretically you can prepare 21 meals in one shot and it will solve your meal problems Then my brain just lit up with possibilities 184199 弁当 弁当をたくさん作るぞその１７ ＢＥＮＴＯI will make lots of boxed lunches 17 Watch later Share Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video 000 244 This bento vid is just awesome Of course my parents will kill me for occupying so much space Being traditional they were so against this idea at the start Until I start doing it and they realize how much time and complexity this saves them One of the biggest first world problem is to solve the mystery of what to cook and what to eat The biggest problem is I really dont know how to cook Then circumstances change such that I need to help out more at home And so I decide to put this plan into action The next section takes you through my meal prep How a Typical Meal Prep Takes Place My meal preparation system was rather rough in the past but I manage to make it into a very personalized system that suits myself Here is a high level view of meal prep Ingredients Procurement Preparing the food Cooking the food that needs to be cooked Storing the food Defrosting the food Heating up the food Let me go through each part of the process What I prepare for each meal My goal is to prepare for meals that keeps me satiated doesnt cause flair ups keeps the cost controlled preparation time should not be too much 7 equal meals for 7 days So I based on my diet on the following Protein Chicken and Eggs Carbohydrates 13 spoonful of rice mixed vegetables that are fiber rich carbohydrates The end result is 7 days of food that satisfied me packed and easy to be heated up My old recipe is mixed vegetables This is what my family eats every day The advantage is if you know how to cook you only cook one bowl with all the different goodness and you wash less bowl In the latest evolution I take a liking for cauliflower fried rice with chicken breast as a dish What is cauliflower fried rice You can Google this up and find that this is a common way for the folks who do not want to eat grain starchy rice noodles bee hoon and yet something that is good to eat and keeps them satisfied If you cook it right every meal should taste like a blast and keeps you full 1 Ingredients Procurement First you need to buy your ingredients I buy my vegetables and eggs from nearby NTUC and Giant the old Shop and Save For the chicken breast my dad goes to the wet market and purchase 1012 chicken breast which is need for the whole family for a week either on Saturday or Sunday morning My old menu involve Seng Choon First Born Eggs keeps you full Cauliflower the staple or main base of your food Pumpkin cheap sweet what makes your food taste good Broccoli green vegetable a bit hard to keep it green after cooking Carrot cheap sweet makes your food taste good Sweet Potato starchy carbs not ideal if you are trying to lose weight but full of much nutrition Ginger Onion Seasoning black sesame coconut oil tumeric coriander and cumin salt On and off I did try having Xiao Bai Cai celery put into the mix and I am fine with changing them up I decide to change my menu because I realize for Breakfast and Dinner I got much vegetables already that I can cut down on the green leafy vegetables The problem with green leafy vegetables is that if you over cook them they become yellow and lose their nutrients So my mom have a method in the past to cook them daily and cool them down before packing away when I go to work So I decide to minimize the green vegetables The current recipe is Cauliflower 24kg Seng Choon First Born Eggs 10 eggs Carrot 1 pack of 57 carrots Onions and Ginger 2 onion and a portion of Ginger Seasoning black sesame coconut oil tumeric coriander and cumin salt Much more simple and easy I normally go for these purchase on Friday after coming home from work or Saturday morning As time is precious Friday is better but its not like every day you will get cauliflower so there are days where you need to go and hunt on a Saturday 2 Preparing the Food I only realize after I start cooking that the bulk of the time is not spent on cooking buying the stuff or cleaning up after cooking The bulk of the time is spent preparing the food If I do not systemize this part I will get frustrated and I will fall off this meal prep You have to be better with it Chicken breast comes with 2 breast For 1 meal I consume 1 breast So I need 35 for 7 days I cut them up then season them with tumeric salt cumin and coriander powder Then I dump them in plastic bags I do that not just for the lunch but for all our meals We stick with a fixed portion as we can We started with a certain portion then adjust when its too much or too little The most left packs are the breakfast for 3 the one in the middle is the dinner for 4 person the red bag is my lunch and the most right white bag is for my 2 parents Then we put them in the freezer Vegetables you need to wash them We have 2 metal bowls for these purposes Soak them for 30 minutes then wash them again Then we cut up the vegetables This for me is the most time consuming stuff If you are new and you do not know how to cut stuff with knife that is one area where if you improve it helps a lot Most of our vegetables are torn Mum and dad says that makes them taste better cant feel the difference honestly Put them in separate bowls Separate the stalks from the leafy parts The reason for this is that the stalks take a longer time to cook The key to not overcooking the whole meal is to sequence those that takes a longer time to cook and put them first before those who take a shorter time to cook If you understand this principal and are able to successfully identify which one take longer to cook and which one do not need much cooking you are almost there to cook sensibly edible food The evolution to cauliflower rice means less ingredients You just need a lot of cauliflower and carrots 3 Cooking the food that needs to be cook Cooking sounds tough for the uninitiated and this is where like investing having mentors who do it well can help What I do is observe how my mom and dad do it ask stupid questions do it myself get scolded for doing things wrongly reflect and change the way I cook Its hard to describe this part but to put it simply it is Start the fire Make sure the fire is not too big Put the oil Put the onions and fry until they become fragrant ask someone what does become fragrant means for someone who has never cook before Put the hard vegetable parts in stir fry them for 1 minute Put some water then cover the hard vegetable parts with a lid This is so that the hard vegetable parts can get dedicated cooking and speeds up the cooking The hard vegetable parts will take about 7 minutes to cook softer Try to open the lid 3 times to stir them When the hard vegetables are softer test them by trying to pierce them they should be easier to piece indicating they should be more eatable add in the software vegetables Add the salt tumeric cumin or any ingredients Taste the food if the food is good to go then we are done If you are preparing for food that are more leafy or that you will do light cooking on the actual day they dont have to be too soft else they become very soggy We cook one huge wok and then wait for them to cool down I used to cook the chicken with butter in the oven It is a good way really The meat turned out to be good for me and you can do something else while they are cooking Cooking takes 2 15 minutes and it doesnt make your whole kitchen oily The other alternative is to fry them This is a skill of controlling the oil fire level so that they dont get overcooked I did this to skill up but I realize this is too much work Another way is to prepare meat patty So each of your meals will have one nice patty You need to find out how to create one and its not too difficult But I find it too much work even though it taste good So what I do now is to pack the chicken breast on the actual morning steam it with all the other food we steam This takes 20 minutes and steaming saves much energy and attention compare to frying it 4 Storing the Food We put the food in 7 plastic bags once they are cooled down for 1 hour We split the bags into 2 packs and 5 packs The 5 packs go into the freezer section so that they get stored longer The 2 packs for Monday and Tuesday will go into the fridge level 5 Defrosting the Food The night before bring down one pack from the freezer to the fridge This way it has 1 day to defrost after you consume one packet 6 Heating up the Food On the actual day you have a few options You could heat up the food then put them in lunch boxes that retains heat I bought a set of Tiger 3 level lunch box and have been using them The 2 layers below can retain the warmth of the food well This is my defacto method What we do is to put some oil and warm up the cauliflower rice by frying them with eggs Another way is to put them in microwave friendly box When you want to eat at work just warm them up I suggest buying those box which is made of glass There are new solutions out there with an electric lunch box getting popular How much does each meal cost It is always hard to quantify but what we are doing is trying to enjoy some economies of scale If you cook each of these meals on their own for one person it takes more time and you waste more gas This is the cost for one of my previous meal plan From Wet Market Chicken Breast cost 180 each but each can be split into 3 portions for 3 person This prep will use more or 3 full breast Cost SG54 From NTUC Seng Choon Eggs 10 for SG230 Each week will use 7 eggs So total SG023 x 7 SG161 Cauliflower From China Will use at least 712g Total SG157 Fresh Pumpkin Each is 582g at SG087 this is smaller than last week Will use ALLTotal SG087 Broccoli 304g We will use ALL Total SG240 Carrot Each packet SG090 Each packet contains 9 Will use 6 Total SG060 Celery Each packet SG160 Will use 13f Total SG050 Sweet Potato From Giant 1KG 19 We cook 200g Total SG038 Ginger and Seasoning Total SG050 Subtotal SG843 Total Cost Total 54 843 SG1383 This week we prep for 7 days Cost of Each Meal SG197 And this is for my current meal plan Meat Prep From Wet Market Chicken Breast cost 180 each but each can be split into 3 portions for 3 person This prep will use more or 35 full breast Cost SG630 Veg Prep From NTUC Cauliflower From China Will use at least 2408g Total SG672028 per 100g Seng Choon Eggs 10 for SG230 Each week will use 7 eggs So total SG023 x 7 SG161 Carrot Each packet SG090 Each packet contains 7 Will use all Total SG090 Onion Ginger and Seasoning Total SG050 Subtotal SG973 Total Cost Total 630 973 SG1603 This week we prep for 7 days Cost of Each Meal SG229 Meal prepping may not be as cheap as some people think If your goal is to save money ONLY then this may not be worth while Of course you could change my formula change the quantity if you are easily satiated and your mileage may vary How long does the meal prep take Generally I estimate 4 hours on a weekend is spend on this the cooking itself takes 20 minutes the packing of food takes 10 minutes the prepping especially the cutting can take 1 hour If you start off be prepared to spend that long nowadays I grind the cauliflower and you still have to take 45 minutes buying might take some time On the actual day as the wok is already in use after the morning cooking what I need to do is add oil and heat up the food this probably takes 1o minutes putting the chicken breast in the rice cooker to steam probably 3 minutes What do I gain most from this I feel that its not the cost but a combination of wins You eat food that doesnt complicates your aliments You eat food that is not overpriced You do not need to queue for food You do not need to decide what to eat for today You eat food that is delicious You eat food that you look forward to daily What makes the Most Impact to Food being Tasty How do you make food tasty That is a complex question My answer may surprise you 1 Tasty Food Happiness Food is like happiness And the happiness equation is Reality minus Expectations For food to be tasty for me optimize my expectations And food to me is tasty I realize I have high tolerance to bad cooking Most of my friends are like food connoisseur They have an expectation about their food They will have an opinion of their food I do not dare let them try my food as it will just demoralize myself Since the food is for me why do the unnecessary thing As long as I know what I gain from eating the food which is a lot its good enough for me 2 Fresh Ingredients If you use fresh ingredients to cook they tend to taste better This is a common phenomenon when you go to countries like Australia where the produce are fresher 3 Seasoning Most of the food outside is laden with seasoning We like the food because they layer so much seasoning excessive sugar pepper people dip in chilli sauce and tomato sauce MSG excessive salt What happens is that our taste bud is normalized to rich seasonings When food is seasoned less than appropriately folks will say the food is not nice If they put too much folks will also say its not nice If we know this we can hack our food I will find the seasonings that do not complicate my aliments What my dad did is to take the gravy from the breakfast vegetables and add a little when we heat up the breakfast We also added some black sesame seed which changes the taste Having adequate salt also brings out the flavor I like Indian seasoning and are on a quest to see if Tumeric and Cumin is good for my aliment so adding them helps make the food taste nicer Using lard as a form of healthy fat this is debatable also adds to the flavor No soy sauce sugar chilli sauce pepper for me as I generally think they are problematic 4 Mindfulness in Eating Food becomes tasty if you concentrate and be mindful about eating instead of being distracted If you participate in a group lunch or eat with someone you are not 100 focus on the food When you are focus on eating you will discover some taste that you did not previously encounter I learn about this from Darya Rose at Summer Tomato So how do I do this Eat slowly Chew or Munch 20 Times For some reason everyone tells me this is not doable and they have no reason to because why would they want to eat with good mindfulness Most people chew 8 times We are just trying to slow it down Here is one trick I use Remember when you rinse your mouth after a meal or when you are brushing your teeth where you reflexively shut to prevent water from being swallow down Do it when you are eating This will make you munch the food longer Close your eyes To be more mindful shutting the eyes reduces distraction Explore the flavors in your food When you do that you pay attention to your food and you realize your food have a variety of different flavors Put your Spoon and Fork down People speed up eating when they have their weapon with them To slow down and eat mindfully put down your weapon Eat alone To enjoy your meal learn to eat alone or talk less during meals with colleagues 5 Competent Cooking If you do not cook well you may over or under cook Food gets too hard or too soft Food have too much gravy or too little and end up burned Food gets not enough seasoning or too much When you skilled up you make less mistakes your food is more tasty Competent cooking is like investing and tennis You get better results by making less mistakes instead of doing exceptional things What are the skills you need to develop to Meal Prep The first skill is to take meal prep on as a project like wealth building You got to learn to gain knowledge and be motivated to do it No different from investing Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Prepping the ingredients takes a lot of time and it takes even more time if you do not know how to handle a knife Fortunately we have YouTube nowadays So just take some time to watch and then practice and make it a habit Create small guides In this case I can not remember how long do I need to cook for different type of food stuff so I write an adhoc list pin it on the fridge so that I can quick reference Knowing how long each type of food stuff takes to cook roughly help beginners a fair bit The third one is to cook a bowl of mixed vegetables which I presented earlier If you can cook something that you need some competency anything else will become easier Here is how healthy or unhealthy if you store your food One of the reasons people do not proceed with preprepared food is that if you keep food long they lose their nutrients And if the food is not nutritious then what is the point of eating the food when it is not enriching your health I did my research and the knowledge seem to suggest you can keep food for a period of time Coincidentally a Singapore Nutritionist came on the Channel 8 Tonight News show to talk about how long food can be stored Here is some notes from what she said Meat that is raw can be stored in the freezer for up to 12 months When you store food the macro nutrients the different type of carbohydrates protein and fats are not lost Improper preparation could result in loss of micro nutrients such as Vitamin B and C For example Vitamin B and C are soluble so if you wash them after cutting them or steaming some food you lose these micro nutrients You can only reheat your food once after cooking Once you take out the food you either eat it or throw it away If the food already have your saliva in it after 2 hours bacteria will grow Microwaving will kill these bacteria but the byproduct they leave behind has to be boil for 30 minutes to neutralize them Seal up the food from air in a container Most people make a mistake by waiting for food to cool before storing the food in the fridge In reality if the food is not super hot it is better to store it before it is expose to too much air Thoroughly clean all surfaces and items used to prepare raw meats Wash your hands as well after handling raw meats When you take out the meal prep food to reheat take out the portion you want to eat Do not reheat everything For beans that you have to cook for a long period it make sense to cook in bulk Dont leave food sitting out for more than 2 hours Wash your vegetables especially root vegetables as they can result in botulism a food borne illness that can affect the nervous system Here is a good table to reference how long each type of food when prepared can be kept What I conclude from this table is that the hack is the transition from freezer to refrigeration If you plan how you store your food firstly in freezer then systematically transit to fridge your food can stay for a long time The devils advocate is that while we can put out all these facts food does change when stored in the fridge and freezer and this will affect the condition of the food and your well being Refuting the notion of NOT Getting Enough Nutrition This is one question I do not get The reason being is that I felt my meals are rather rounded in the macro nutrients I require Perhaps missing healthy fats The health conscious will learn to eat a mixture of things However most people will go for a few dishes Wanton or Fish ball noodles which have a few stalks of Cai Xin Ban Mian with eggs meat and a few stalks of Cai Xin Western food with a healthy dose of meat starchy potatoes and greens on the side Yong Tau Foo but they would choose all the preprepared fried stuff fish balls and Ngoh Hiang Chicken Rice Duck Rice Mixed Vegetable Rice but with no Greens Vegetarian Rice with much soy based starchy fake meat I am not sure about this but I dont see my stuff being anyway inferior to what they eat You are presented with choices but if you failed to build competency to pick more healthier choices or that its not available to you then you will end up eating an unbalance meal I cut down on greens but that is because the breakfast above and dinner are filled with that For the folks who eat 3 meals outside they will pick what they like which means the list that you see previously gets magnified 3 times Unfortunately the appetizing mixed bowl of salads is not a favorite of many because they felt they shouldnt pay so much for vegetables It is a challenge my friends have to deal with in their heads between trying to be healthy reluctance to spend for health and satisfying their taste for meat Wouldnt you get bored eating the same thing daily I made my peace with food If I gain enough and are less stressed about it because of this simplification as what I mentioned before then its good for me You can experiment by changing things around There are much resources out there to give you ideas Meal Prep Sunday on Reddit Once a Month Meals My Meal Prep Sunday If you have less restrictions and have a different objective do it your way These folks above prepared different set of meals so that each week they have enjoyable preprepared food Bonus Preparing for Breakfast Many may dread preparing for breakfast and in our familys case our breakfast is also based on steaming and mixed vegetable bowl As it is tiring to wake up early in the morning my dad select the different vegetables from the fridge and get them out They are washed and then they are put to air dry You can not keep them wet Once they are relatively dry we pack them in container and put in the fridge In the morningwe do not need to wash them but to cut and be ready to cook them Summary I was a complete idiot when it comes to cooking in Feb this year and today I felt empowered that I could cook something out when I need to Meal Prep Sundays are not for a lot of people but if you are hardcore enough to be focus on some priorities and want to simplify areas of your life that is less important to you this article may help you Let me know if you got some tips for me If you like materials such as these and would like to enhance your Wealth Management towards have a Wealth Machine that gives You Financial Security and Independence Subscribe to my List Today Here If you like this do check out the FREE Stock Portfolio Tracker and FREE Dividend Stock Tracker today Want to read the best articles on Investment Moats You can read them here Filed Under Lifestyle Redesign About Kyith Founder Sole Employee of InvestmentMoatscom Engineer by day Blogger by night Active Stock Investor for 14 years SG HK Mkts Pursues Financial Security Financial Independence Reached Financial Independence at 38 Kyiths More on Kyith Trackbacks Make the New Year Better Than Last Embark on an Uncomfortable Struggle so that You can be Happier says January 1 2017 at 700 am year one of my biggest struggle was learning to prepare my meals Not preparing some pastry or cake but preparing something that I can consume on a frequent If you have too much Insecurities and Personal Problems Money is Often used to Fill these Holes says May 21 2017 at 702 am have always meal prep my standard lunch at home to bring to work you can read a comprehensive meal prep article here I look forward to my lunch If you prepared a meal that does not interfere with your health Freegan Dumpster Diving and Financial Security Independence says October 29 2017 at 909 am have a thing against processed food or gluten based food and that was shared in my experience meal prepping There is also the worry that wouldnt the cost of medical attention if we get food poisoning Singaporean Guide Save Money With Meal Prep says March 1 2018 at 1203 pm them with some storebought barbeque sauce or a simple drizzle of olive oil and pepper We think Investmentmoats article guides you along for meal prep Sunday pretty My Meal Prep in Singapore Update Learning to Eat Less says July 1 2018 at 700 am years ago I wrote this post about how I meal prep my 7 days meal on my Saturday or Sunday so that my dad and myself dont have during the My Meal Prep in Singapore Update Learning to Eat Less TheFinancesg says July 1 2018 at 1207 pm years ago I wrote this post about how I meal prep my 7 days meal on my Saturday or Sunday so that my dad and myself dont have to during the Your Income Will Not Stay High Forever and You Do Not Have to Be Vegetarian Forever The EndOfHistory Illusion Explained says July 22 2018 at 700 am I shared my meal prep some find it difficult to implement because they would have to meal prep for the rest of their This site uses Akismet to reduce spam Learn how your comment data is processed | [
"Frugal Life"
] |
http://investor.jetblue.com/investor-relations/financial-information/traffic-releases.aspx | Traffic Releases To learn more overall about JetBlue Airway ’ s Traffic Results , click on this report here Date Title Apr 10 , 2019 JetBlue Airways Reports March Traffic Mar 12 , 2019 JetBlue Airways Reports February Traffic Feb 12 , 2019 JetBlue Airways Reports January Traffic Jan 11 , 2019 JetBlue Airways Reports December Traffic Dec 12 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports November Traffic Nov 13 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports October Traffic Oct 10 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports September Traffic Sep 13 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports August Traffic Aug 10 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports July Traffic Jul 12 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports June Traffic Jun 12 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports May Traffic May 10 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports April Traffic Apr 11 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports March Traffic Mar 12 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports February Traffic Feb 13 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports January Traffic Jan 11 , 2018 JetBlue Airways Reports December Traffic Dec 12 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports November Traffic Nov 13 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports October Traffic Oct 11 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports September Traffic Sep 13 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports August Traffic Aug 10 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports July Traffic Jul 13 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports June Traffic Jun 12 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports May Traffic May 10 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports April Traffic Apr 12 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports March Traffic Mar 10 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports February Traffic Feb 10 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports January Traffic Jan 12 , 2017 JetBlue Airways Reports December Traffic Dec 12 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports November Traffic Nov 10 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports October Traffic Oct 12 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports September Traffic Sep 13 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports August Traffic Aug 10 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports July Traffic Jul 13 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports June Traffic Jun 10 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports May Traffic May 11 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports April Traffic Apr 12 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports March Traffic Mar 10 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports February Traffic Feb 10 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports January Traffic Jan 13 , 2016 JetBlue Airways Reports December Traffic Dec 10 , 2015 JetBlue Airways Reports November Traffic Nov 11 , 2015 JetBlue Airways Reports October Traffic Oct 12 , 2015 JetBlue Airways Reports September Traffic Sep 11 , 2015 Aug 12 , 2015 JetBlue Airways Reports July Traffic Jul 13 , 2015 Jun 10 , 2015 May 12 , 2015 Apr 10 , 2015 Mar 11 , 2015 Feb 11 , 2015 JetBlue Airways Reports January Traffic Jan 13 , 2015 Dec 09 , 2014 Nov 12 , 2014 Oct 10 , 2014 Sep 11 , 2014 Aug 12 , 2014 Jul 11 , 2014 Jun 11 , 2014 May 12 , 2014 Apr 10 , 2014 Mar 12 , 2014 Feb 11 , 2014 Jan 13 , 2014 Dec 10 , 2013 Nov 12 , 2013 Oct 10 , 2013 Sep 12 , 2013 Aug 12 , 2013 Jul 11 , 2013 Jun 11 , 2013 May 10 , 2013 Apr 10 , 2013 Mar 12 , 2013 Feb 13 , 2013 Jan 11 , 2013 Dec 12 , 2012 Nov 15 , 2012 Oct 10 , 2012 Sep 13 , 2012 Aug 10 , 2012 Jul 12 , 2012 Jun 12 , 2012 May 10 , 2012 Apr 11 , 2012 Mar 12 , 2012 Feb 10 , 2012 Jan 11 , 2012 Dec 12 , 2011 Nov 10 , 2011 Oct 11 , 2011 Sep 13 , 2011 Aug 10 , 2011 Jul 13 , 2011 Jun 10 , 2011 May 11 , 2011 Apr 14 , 2011 Mar 10 , 2011 Feb 10 , 2011 Jan 18 , 2011 Dec 09 , 2010 Nov 09 , 2010 Oct 11 , 2010 Sep 10 , 2010 Aug 10 , 2010 Jul 09 , 2010 Jun 08 , 2010 May 10 , 2010 Apr 13 , 2010 Mar 16 , 2010 Feb 04 , 2010 Jan 07 , 2010 Dec 04 , 2009 Nov 05 , 2009 Oct 06 , 2009 Sep 04 , 2009 Aug 06 , 2009 Jul 07 , 2009 Jun 02 , 2009 May 06 , 2009 Apr 06 , 2009 Mar 05 , 2009 Feb 05 , 2009 Jan 07 , 2009 | [
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http://investor.siriusxm.com/investor-overview/press-releases/press-release-details/2007/XM-to-Launch-Dedicated-South-Asian-Channel-in-October/default.aspx | XM to Launch Dedicated South Asian Channel in October Sep 18 2007 Download this Press Release WASHINGTON Sept 18 PRNewswire XM the nations leading satellite radio service with more than 82 million subscribers and Asian Television Network International Limited today announced the creation of ATNAsian Radio a 247 radio channel featuring dedicated programming for the South Asian community Produced by ATN for XM and XM Canada ATNAsian Radio channel XM159 will launch in October providing the South Asian community across North America with the latest news sports music and entertainment ATN currently operates 14 television channels in Canada and has programming alliances with leading international broadcasters Logo httpwwwnewscomcomcgibinprnh20070313XMLOGO ATN is delighted to collaborate with XM and XM Canada in providing an ATN branded super station across North America We expect this to attract a wide audience and will compliment our existing South Asian television channels It will be a compelling package said Shan Chandrasekar chairman and CEO of ATN ATNAsian Radio will feature a variety of talk and live listener callin programs covering issues relevant to the South Asian community as well as shows dedicated to news and current affairs The channel will also offer live cricket commentary from ATN Canadas largest distributor of World Class Cricket In addition to talk news and sports content the programming on XMs ATN Asian Radio will include a broad range of music highlighting the best of Bollywood and popular South Asian artists Listeners to the channel can expect to hear Ghazals Qawalis Bhajans and nostalgia through Golden Greats as well as devotional music in Sanskrit and Shabad Gurbani The channel will also broadcast Hindustani classical and carnatic music and will feature pop folk chutney and remixes While the majority of the channels talk programming will be in English there will be a substantial amount of content broadcast in South Asian languages such as Hindi Punjabi Gujarati Urdu Bengali Tamil Telugu Malayalam Kannada Marathi and Sinhalese among others ATNAsian Radio will serve a massive South Asian diaspora in North America with origins in India Pakistan Bangladesh Sri Lanka East and South Africa The West Indies and other parts of the world ATNAsian Radio will be available on the XM lineup beginning in October More about the channel and its programming will soon be available online at httpwwwxmradiocom and httpwwwasiantelevisioncom About Asian Television Network ATN ATNAsian Television Network is a licensed broadcaster providing premium specialty television programming 24 hours a day 7 days a week across Canada ATN was among the first in North America to broadcast television programming aimed at the South Asian community in 1971 With over 3 decades of experience ATN is the largest South Asian broadcaster in Canada currently operating 14 television channels including 2 general interest channels 2 Bollywood movie channels a sports channel a news channel a music channel a spiritual channel with yoga and fitness and several South Asian regional language channels ATN has programming alliances with leading International Broadcasters such as Zee TV Sony Entertainment Television News Corp Star India Plus B4U ALpha Punjabi Jaya TV ARY Digital New Delhi Television NDTV Aastha Kairali and more ATN is Canadas largest distributor of World Class Cricket ATN has been the exclusive Canadian Television distributor for several World Cup cricket games since 1986 ATN recently brought the Cricket World Cup 2007 to Canada including the current and first ever ICC Twenty20 World Cup live ATN has programming alliances in world class cricket with organizations such as Directv Echostar Dish Network and ESPN Star ATNs live music concerts and large scale events include performances by the world renowned Ravi Shankar at the Roy Thompson Hall to the Nightingale of India Lata Mangeshkar and the Oscar nominee AR Rahman at the Toronto Skydome ATN owns and operates a fully self contained broadcast facility ATN has also received more digital specialty television licenses from the regulatory authorities which it intends to launch in the future About XM XM NASDAQ XMSR is Americas number one satellite radio company with more than 82 million subscribers Broadcasting live daily from studios in Washington DC New York City Chicago the Country Music Hall of Fame in Nashville Toronto and Montreal XMs 2007 lineup includes more than 170 digital channels of choice from coast to coast commercialfree music premier sports news talk radio comedy childrens and entertainment programming and the most advanced traffic and weather information XM the leader in satellitedelivered entertainment and data services for the automobile market through partnerships with General Motors Honda Hyundai Nissan Porsche Subaru Suzuki and Toyota is available in 140 different vehicle models for 2007 XMs industryleading products are available at consumer electronics retailers nationwide For more information about XM hardware programming and partnerships please visit httpwwwxmradiocom Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forwardlooking statements in this press release include demand for XM Satellite Radios service the Companys dependence on technology and third party vendors its potential need for additional financing as well as other risks described in XM Satellite Radio Holdings Incs Form 10K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on 3107 Copies of the filing are available upon request from XM Radios Investor Relations Department All programming subject to change Photo NewsCom httpwwwnewscomcomcgibinprnh20070313XMLOGO AP Archive httpphotoarchiveaporg PRN Photo Desk photodeskprnewswirecom SOURCE XM Satellite Radio CONTACT AnneTaylor Adams of XM 12127086171 annetayloradamsxmradiocom Web site httpwwwxmradiocom httpwwwasiantelevisioncom | [
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http://investorplace.com/2017/02/club-penguin-shutting-down/ | Feb 1 , 2017 , 1 : 33 pm EDT Club Penguin Shutting Down : What Users Should Know Club Penguin Island will replace it in March By Karl Utermohlen , InvestorPlace Writer http : / / bit . ly / 2khSJv9 Walt Disney Co ( NYSE : DIS ) is shutting down Club Penguin . The service essentially allowed users to interact and chat online through a virtual world that came at the height of the popularity of simulated realities . It was aimed at children and pre - teens , and it existed from 2005 until its impending closure this year . Disney bought Club Penguin from another company in 2007 , and the service was worth an estimated $ 700 million then . The app grew from having 12 million users to garnering nearly 200 million users at one point . However , it has waned in popularity in recent years , falling below the six - million user mark in December 2016 . Disney is looking to revamp the app in the form of Club Penguin Island , which is a new and more advanced version of the game that serves as a response to higher demand for apps such as this one . There are plenty of games , virtual worlds , and other apps that are all battling for the attention of your children . In 2005 , there was a limit to the options of games that users could access and enjoy . Club Penguin Island will open sometime in March , while the original app will shut all its doors on March 29 , 2017 . You will not be able to transfer coins or items from the old game to the new one , and there is no reverse compatibility either . DIS shares grew 0.8 % Wednesday . More From InvestorPlace The 10 Best Contrarian Stocks to Buy in the New Year The Top 10 Dow Dividend Stocks for February 7 “ New Industrial ” Stocks to Bore You to the Bank | [
"Club Penguin"
] |
http://investors.mastercraft.com/news-releases/news-release-details/mastercraft-signs-definitive-agreement-acquire-crest-marine-llc | News Back View printerfriendly version MasterCraft Signs Definitive Agreement to Acquire Crest Marine LLC a Leading US Pontoon Boat Manufacturer Deal Provides Access to the FastGrowing Pontoon Boating Segment VONORE Tenn Sept 10 2018 GLOBE NEWSWIRE MCBC Holdings Inc NASDAQ MCFT the parent entity of MasterCraft Boat Company LLC MasterCraft and NauticStar LLC NauticStar today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Crest Marine LLC Crest a leading vertically integrated manufacturer of highquality pontoon boats in the United States for approximately 80 million MasterCraft also expects that approximately 10 million net present value of future net tax benefits will accrue to the combined company The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of calendar 2018 subject to customary closing conditions and is anticipated to be immediately accretive to adjusted earnings per share Highlights MasterCraft gains leadership position and additional growth avenue in the large fastgrowing pontoon segment Crest is a premium brand with a differentiated vertically integrated business model Further establishes MasterCraft as a key player in the outboard propulsion category the largest category in the powerboat industry With the acquisitions of Crest and NauticStar MasterCraft is the only boat manufacturer with three complementary dedicated brands serving the three fastestgrowing segments of the powerboat industry MasterCrafts operational excellence product development and distribution footprint provide opportunity to further drive growth and margin expansion Founded in 1957 Crest is privately owned and operated out of a 150000 squarefoot manufacturing facility located in Owosso Michigan With more than 60 years of boat manufacturing experience Crest has a reputation for innovation and quality with a growing loyal network of dealers and customers Crest currently sells its boats in the United States and Canada through an established network of approximately 120 dealer locations In calendar year ending 2017 the company generated approximately 659 million in net sales Net sales are expected to grow to approximately 900 million in calendar 2018 Terry McNew MasterCrafts President and Chief Executive Officer commented We are very excited to welcome Crest to the MasterCraft Family Crest is a wellrespected expertly built and uniquely positioned brand The companys pontoon boats provide us with additional product diversity and presence in the attractive pontoon segment as well as further establishes MasterCraft in the outboard propulsion category two of the fastest growing areas within the broader boating industry With its verticallyintegrated business model Crest differentiates itself from its competitors allowing it to better control pricing and generate higher margins Additionally Crests retail unit growth is among the strongest in the pontoon segment From 2011 to 2017 Crest grew its annual retail unit sales by a compound annual growth rate of nearly 23 percent more than double the strong growth of the broader pontoon segment which grew total retail unit sales at 109 percent over that same time We believe we can continue this track record of growth through leveraging our industryleading strengths in operational excellence financial management and distribution while driving further improvements in Crests output quality and margin Crest will maintain its current headquarters and manufacturing facility in Owosso Michigan The transaction is expected to be immediately accretive to adjusted earnings per share Crest owner and CEO Patrick Fenton commented MasterCraft is an iconic brand known for quality performance and innovation Our entire organization is excited to join their team and leverage their experience and operational knowhow to further grow Crest This is a great opportunity for all of our employees as well as customers dealer partners and suppliers Concluded McNew The acquisition of Crest is the logical next step in our strategic plan to acquire profitable growing premium brands in fastgrowing segments that further diversify our product portfolio As a combined organization we have the resources and experience to greatly expand Crests distribution after satisfying the demand from the existing dealer network We look forward to working together to deliver profitable and sustainable market share growth and driving efficiency in every area of our business Conference Call and Webcast Information MasterCraft will host a live conference call and webcast to discuss its acquisition of Crest today September 10 2018 at 1000 am EDT To access the call dial 800 2196861 domestic or 574 9901024 international and provide the operator with the conference ID 3283136 Please dial in at least 10 minutes prior to the call To access the live webcast go to the investor section of the companys website wwwmastercraftcom on the day of the conference call and click on the webcast icon For an audio replay of the conference call dial 855 8592056 domestic or 404 5373406 international and enter audience passcode 3283136 The audio replay will be available beginning at 100 pm EDT on Monday September 10 2018 through 100 pm EDT on Monday September 24 2018 About Crest Marine LLC Founded in 1957 Crest is a privately held limited liability company located on 55 acres in Owosso Michigan With nearly 150000 square feet of manufacturing floor space Crest is one of the top producers of innovative highquality pontoon boats ranging from 20 to 29 feet For more information on Crests full line of boats visit wwwcrestpontoonboatscom About MasterCraftMCBC Holdings Inc Headquartered in Vonore Tenn MCBC Holdings Inc NASDAQ MCFT is the parent entity of MasterCraft Boat Company a worldrenowned innovator designer manufacturer and marketer of premium performance sport boats Founded in 1968 MasterCraft has cultivated its iconic brand image through a rich history of industryleading innovation and more than four decades after the original MasterCraft made its debut the companys goal remains the same to continue building the worlds best ski wakeboard wakesurf and luxury performance powerboats For more information visit wwwmastercraftcom About NauticStar Boats Founded in 2002 NauticStar is a privately held limited liability company located on 17 acres in Amory Mississippi With more than 200000 square feet of manufacturing floor space NauticStar is one of the top producers of high quality bay boats deck boats and offshore center console boats from 18 to 28 feet Professional and sport fishermen recreational and pleasure boating enthusiasts appreciate the many standard and available features that are offered by NauticStar for a customized fit for their lifestyle For more information on NauticStar Boats full line of boats visit wwwNauticStarBoatscom or call 6622565636 for your local NauticStar dealer King Spalding LLP and Egerton McAfee Armistead Davis PC are acting as legal advisors to MasterCraft Baird is acting as Crest Marines financial advisor and Jaffe Raitt Heuer Weiss PC is acting as Crest Marines legal counsel ForwardLooking Statements This press release includes forwardlooking statements as such term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 Forwardlooking statements can often be identified by such words and phrases as believes anticipates expects intends estimates may will should continue and similar expressions comparable terminology or the negative thereof and include statements in this press release concerning Crests expected net sales for 2018 our ability to continue to rapidly grow the Crest brand the growth of the pontoon and outboard propulsion segments the anticipated operational and cost synergies from the transaction the expected impact of the transaction to our Forwardlooking statements are subject to risks uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forwardlooking statements including general economic conditions demand for our products changes in consumer preferences competition within our industry our reliance on our network of independent dealers our ability to manage our manufacturing levels and our large fixed cost base and the successful introduction of our new products In addition the forwardlooking statements in this press release may be impacted by our ability to successfully integrate Crest and to realize the synergies we believe can June 30 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission the SEC on September 7 2018 and our other filings with the SEC could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forwardlooking statements The discussion of these risks is specifically incorporated by reference into this press release Contacts Tim Oxley Chief Financial Officer 423 8842221 TimOxleymastercraftcom George Steinbarger VP of Business Development 423 8842221 GeorgeSteinbargermastercraftcom Matt Sullivan 612 4551709 MattSullivanpadillacocom Source MCBC Holdings Inc | [
"MasterCraft Signs",
"Boating Segment"
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http://investors.morningstar.com/ownership/shareholders-major.html?t=PRI | Primerica Inc PRI Add to Portfolio Get E - mail Alerts Print This Page PDF Report Data Definition Data Question Quote Chart Stock Analysis Performance Key Ratios Financials Valuation Insiders Ownership Filings Bonds Owners ' Overview Major Owners Concentrated Owners Owners Buying Owners Selling Major Shareholders PRI Funds Institutions Name Shares Held % Total Shares Held Shares Change % Chg from Prior Port % Total Assets Date of Portfolio Star Rating Baron Growth Fund 1,900,000 4.42 0 0 3.27 10 / 31 / 2018 Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 1,119,690 2.61 12,224 1.10 0.02 10 / 31 / 2018 Vanguard Small Cap Index Fund 1,101,475 2.57 - 11,853 - 1.06 0.14 Virtus KAR Small - Cap Core Fund 690,312 1.61 132,600 23.78 4.71 Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund 681,938 1.59 - 15,698 - 2.25 0.26 Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund 596,456 1.39 0.79 Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 575,715 1.34 - 10,877 - 1.85 0.10 Fidelity ® Series Small Cap Opps Fd 563,730 1.31 - 41,000 - 6.78 1.05 SPDR ® S&P MIDCAP 400 ETF 509,389 1.19 5,621 1.12 0.29 T . Rowe Price QM US Small - Cap Gr Eq Fd 477,200 1.11 79,400 19.96 0.72 Delaware Small Cap Core Fund 444,100 1.03 44,900 11.25 1.16 iShares S&P Mid - Cap 400 Growth ETF 373,541 0.87 0.57 iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF 354,796 0.83 0.42 Fidelity ® VIP Mid Cap Portfolio 324,820 0.76 44,600 15.92 0.45 DFA US Small Cap Portfolio 324,813 0.76 0.20 Columbia Acorn Fund 308,749 0.72 72,600 30.74 0.75 Goldman Sachs Small Cap Value Fund 288,027 0.67 - 48,542 - 14.42 0.51 Fidelity ® Small Cap Stock Fund 255,416 0.59 13,000 5.36 1.77 Brown Advisory Small - Cap Fundamental Val 254,524 0.59 2.32 Oppenheimer Discovery Fund 252,320 16,960 7.21 1.12 Permissions / Reprint | [
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http://investvine.com/european-union-revokes-preferential-trade-status-for-cambodia/ | Home News ASEAN European Union revokes preferential trade status for Cambodia News ASEAN Business News Economy and Trade Featured Slider Politics Fiscal Government Gross Domestic Product Macroeconomics and Risk Industries Manufacturing Industry Markets Policy Wholesale and Retail World News by Arno Maierbrugger Oct 23 2018 Reading Time 2 minutes The European Union on the 12th annual EUAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations Summit that took place in Brussels on October 1819 temporarily revoked its Everything But Arms EBA trade preferences pact with Cambodia until the Southeast Asian nations political situation and human records improve With Cambodia we have made a decision to start the process of temporarily withdrawing the EBAs trade preferences as there is a lot of concern in the EU about the dissolution in November of last year of the countrys main opposition party and internal terms that narrow the democratic space for political opposition and civil society European Unions High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Federica Mogherini said We discussed the issue with Prime Minister Hun Sen and I can not say that we found a solution to these problems she added In June Human Rights Watch published a report accusing the ruling Cambodian Peoples Party and Hun Sen a Cambodias longtime autocratic leader of motivated prosecution repressive laws and numerous human rights abuses According to ratings agency Moodys the withdrawal of a dutyfree trading access by the European Union for Cambodia as a result of Phnom Penhs human rights record would have a negative effect on European investments in the country as the EU is Cambodias biggest export market Moodys said other countries such as Australia and Canada which have previously voiced concerns over political and human rights in Cambodia could follow the EU in reviewing their trade agreements compounding the effect on exports In turn Cambodias textile manufacturing industry is expected to feel the heat from the frozen agreement Cambodian plants supply global brands such as Gap Inc HM Puma and Adidas Its exports to the European Union were worth 5 billion in 2017 A defiant Hun Sen accused the EU of waging psychological warfare against his government saying I would like to tell all compatriots did you lose jobs or income yet Nothing has been lost but they issue this review as a psychological war attack Meanwhile Cambodia and Turkey agreed to increase bilateral trade to 1 billion in the near future and also boost textile trade The withdrawal from the EBA will have no impact on Cambodia Huns Sen insisted Do you like this post 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TAGS Bilateral trade Cambodia Cambodia election European Union Everything but Arms Garment workers Human Rights Hun Sen Preferential trade agreement textile exports Turkey Previous article Singapores first flying taxis to take off in 2019 Next article Expat life in the Philippines a doubleedged sword says survey | [
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"Cambodia",
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http://invitationsbyajalon.com/blog/wedding-invitation-wording-parents-names/ | Wedding Invitation Etiquette : Wording Including Parents ’ Names in the Invitation February 5 , 2011 by Ajalon Preventing Parental Temper Tantrums I recently heard a story of a groom ’ s parents getting pretty upset that they were n ’ t mentioned in the wedding invitation , making for some rotten attitudes when the big day finally arrived ! Avoid drama and decide who is going to be included in your letterpress wedding invitation early on . Here are some examples and inspiration for laying out parents ’ names your own wedding invitation wording : Bride ’ s Parents Only Typically , whoever is hosting the wedding celebration is mentioned on the invitation . Times are changing , but bride ’ s parents were traditionally the ones hosting the affair , hence the mentioning of the bride ’ s parents ’ names only . Send me samples of Black Tie Send me samples of Avani Bride and Groom ’ s Parents If both parties are responsible for the celebration – or if you ca n ’ t bear to hurt anyone ’ s feelings – include both the bride and groom ’ s parents within the wedding invitation wording . You can also say something a little more casual , such as “ Together with our parents . ” Send me samples of Stephanie Bride and Groom Only In some cases , the big day is only about the bride and groom . There ’ s no need to mention parents ’ names . Send me samples of Oasis Send me samples of Cezanne Monogram Including Divorced or Deceased Parents Remember that our letterpress wedding invitation designs are completely customizable . If you have divorced or deceased parents that you can not imagine not mentioning , no problem ! Extra names can be gracefully added . See more about Emily , it ’ s hand calligraphy is the perfect invitation for your informal garden wedding . * * * Written by Katie Go to the Invitation Gallery Check out our special on letterpress invitations and save ! This entry was posted in Tips & Advice Wedding Invitation Etiquette Wording and tagged brides parents grooms parents invitation etiquette invitation wording letterpress wedding invitation parents names wedding wedding invitation wedding invitation wording . Bookmark the permalink Post a comment or leave a trackback : Trackback URL Indian Wedding Invitation Card Wording How to Word Traditional Indian Wedding Cards 2011 Destination Wedding Invitation Trends Destination Motifs in Your Invitations 2 Comments | [
"Wedding Invitation Etiquette"
] |
http://invokestudio.com/group-classes | GROUP CLASSES Schedule for Mon Jan 7 2019 Sun Jan 13 2019 Date Mon Jan 7 2019 Class Instructor 600 am 700 am Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Kelly OBrian 600 am 700 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Christine Ghinder 930 am 1030 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 930 am 1030 am Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Class Cancelled 1100 am 1200 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Class Cancelled 1200 pm 100 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Yvonne Rodriguez 1200 pm 100 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Bailey Croke 1200 pm 100 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Jay C Prouty 430 pm 525 pm Vinyasa Yoga EXPRESS Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Kara Brown 530 pm 630 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Class Cancelled 530 pm 645 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Laura Henderson 530 pm 630 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Glenna Nall Waitlist 545 pm 645 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Jay C Prouty 545 pm 645 pm Core HIIT a core focused class Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Bailey Croke 700 pm 800 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 12 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Courtney Summitt 700 pm 800 pm Intro to Yoga Workshop 55 for series please sign up under WORKSHOPSEVENTS tab Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Christine Ghinder 700 pm 800 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Stephanie Martinez 700 pm 815 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 1 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Yvonne Rodriguez 830 pm 930 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Erin Morgan Tue Jan 8 2019 Class Instructor 630 am 730 am Pilates Mat Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Maria Leek 800 am 900 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 23 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Cheryl Milton 930 am 1030 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 1200 pm 100 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 1200 pm 100 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Christine Ghinder 1200 pm 100 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Class Cancelled 430 pm 525 pm Vinyasa Yoga EXPRESS Level 12 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Laura Henderson 430 pm 530 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Glenna Nall Waitlist 530 pm 630 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Glenna Nall 530 pm 645 pm Yin Yoga Level 1 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Daniel Chamberlin 530 pm 645 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 545 pm 645 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Cheryl Milton 545 pm 645 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Ahna Hoke 545 pm 645 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Class Cancelled 545 pm 645 pm Bar Effect class Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Abby Hall 630 pm 730 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Glenna Nall Waitlist 700 pm 800 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 700 pm 800 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 12 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Michelle Finch 700 pm 800 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Todd Gulizia 700 pm 815 pm Yin Yoga Level 1 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Jennifer Jones 830 pm 930 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Jay C Prouty Wed Jan 9 2019 Class Instructor 600 am 700 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Danielle Vetter 830 am 930 am Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Kelly OBrian Waitlist 930 am 1030 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Yvonne Rodriguez 1200 pm 100 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Yvonne Rodriguez 1200 pm 100 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Tess Belden 430 pm 525 pm Vinyasa Yoga EXPRESS Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Glenna Nall 430 pm 525 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Express Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Ally Denton 530 pm 645 pm Prenatal Yoga Separate class pricing Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Tess Belden 530 pm 630 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Alba FernandezKeys 530 pm 625 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Bailey Croke Waitlist 530 pm 645 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Jillian McAfee 545 pm 645 pm Intro to Yoga Workshop 55 for series please sign up under WORKSHOPSEVENTS tab 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Stephanie Martinez 545 pm 645 pm WARM Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Ahna Hoke 545 pm 645 pm Bar Effect class Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Lindsey Turner 700 pm 815 pm Yin Yoga Level 1 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Stephanie Martinez 700 pm 815 pm Yin Yoga Level 1 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Michelle Finch 700 pm 815 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Brooke Lutgring 700 pm 800 pm Core HEAT Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Elizabeth Heidari 830 pm 930 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Michelle Finch Thu Jan 10 2019 Class Instructor 630 am 730 am Core HIIT a core focused class Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Bailey Croke 930 am 1030 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 930 am 1030 am Bar Effect class Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Lindsey Turner 1200 pm 100 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Tess Belden 1200 pm 100 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Kelly OBrian 1200 pm 100 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Erin Eoff 1200 pm 100 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Jane Rupert 430 pm 530 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 12 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Jole Kelley 530 pm 645 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 545 pm 645 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Erin Eoff 545 pm 645 pm Core HIIT a core focused class Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Bailey Croke 545 pm 645 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 1 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Ally Denton 700 pm 800 pm Core HEAT Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Elizabeth Heidari 700 pm 800 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Christine Ghinder 700 pm 815 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Brooke Lutgring 800 pm 830 pm Free Meditation Pranayama Half Hour Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Christine Ghinder Fri Jan 11 2019 Class Instructor 830 am 930 am Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Kelly OBrian Waitlist 900 am 1000 am 10 HEATED Community Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Jillian McAfee 930 am 1030 am Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 930 am 1030 am Advanced Quad Reformer open 4 maxMust have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Lindsey Turner 1200 pm 100 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Laura Henderson 1200 pm 100 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Bailey Croke Waitlist 1200 pm 100 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Jay C Prouty 430 pm 525 pm Vinyasa Yoga EXPRESS Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Jillian McAfee 530 pm 630 pm HEATED Candlelight Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 530 pm 630 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Laura Henderson 545 pm 645 pm Yin Yoga Level 1 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Michelle Finch 700 pm 800 pm HEATED Candlelight Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Yvonne Rodriguez Sat Jan 12 2019 Class Instructor 830 am 945 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Yvonne Rodriguez 830 am 945 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 23 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Brooke Lutgring 900 am 1000 am Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Kelly OBrian Waitlist 900 am 1000 am Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Alba FernandezKeys 930 am 1045 am Vinyasa Yoga Level 12 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Erin Eoff 1000 am 1100 am Vinyasa Yoga Level 1 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Danielle Dorman 1000 am 1100 am Pilates Fundamentals Level 12 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Alba FernandezKeys 1100 am 1215 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Yvonne Rodriguez 1130 am 1230 pm Prenatal Yoga Separate class pricing 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Ashley Dirks 1230 pm 130 pm Bar Effect class Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Corrina Casey 300 pm 400 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Jay C Prouty Sun Jan 13 2019 Class Instructor 1000 am 1100 am Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Maria Leek 1000 am 1100 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Brooke Lutgring 1000 am 1115 am HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 23 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Todd Gulizia 1000 am 1100 am Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Bailey Croke 1100 am 1200 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Bailey Croke 1100 am 1200 pm Quad Reformer open 4 max Must have prior reformer experience 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Maria Leek 1130 am 1230 pm HEATED Vinyasa Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Brooke Lutgring 1145 am 1245 pm Vinyasa Yoga Level 12 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Stephanie Martinez 430 pm 530 pm 10 HEATED Community Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 500 pm 600 pm 10 Community Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Ally Denton 530 pm 700 pm Yin Yoga Fundamentals Level 1Please sign up under workshops tab Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Michelle Finch 600 pm 700 pm 10 HEATED Community Yoga Level 2 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Megan Zirkelbach 600 pm 700 pm 10 HEATED Community Yoga Level 2 86th Ditch Northwest Invoke Yoga Pilates Cheryl Milton 715 pm 830 pm 10 WARM Community Yin Yoga Level 1 Downtown Invoke Yoga Pilates Class Cancelled | [
"GROUP CLASSES"
] |
http://iogear.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/2420/~/iogear-kvm-faqs | IOGEAR KVM FAQs IOGEAR KVM FAQs What is emulation Emulation is a feature included with most IOGEAR KVM models that mimics the connection between the computer and the mouse and keyboard The computer will continue to sense a generic two button scroll mouse and a 102 key keyboard even though the KVM has been switched to another computer Without emulation the mouse and keyboard connection to the computer is interrupted when switching between computers and some computers may not be able to rerecognize them Some multibutton mice and multimedia keyboards devices may not properly work with emulation My KVM doesnt have emulation what do I do when the mouse and keyboard arent rerecognized when I switch Unplugging and plugging the mouse and keyboard into the KVM console port should reinitialize them If the mouse and keyboard continue not to be rerecognized power cycle the KVM My selfpowered KVM occasionally freezes what can I do to fix this The chipsets on some computer models may not transfer enough power over the PS2 and USB port to completely power the KVM Intermittent mouse and keyboard functionality is often a sign of an underpowered KVM Can I use a wireless mouse or keyboard with your KVM We can not guarantee the functionality of ALL wireless devices with our KVMs The reason for this is because wireless mice and keyboards transmit and receive information in a different way than their wired counterparts Although many of our customers have confirmed success with many popular wireless mice and keyboards we can not guarantee that all results will be the same To ensure complete compatibility we recommend using mice and keyboards with a direct connection Will my WACOM tablet work with the KVM Unfortunately tablets are not supported by our KVMs We apologize for any inconvenience The switching hot key interferes with my application or game can I remap the key on my keyboard It is not possible to remap any of the hot keys on the keyboard however it is possible with some models to change either the OSD activation hot key or the KVM switching hot key GCS1712 and GCS1714 Activate the OSD menu Press F10 to bring up the Configuration menu Select the OSD Activating Hotkey menu Press Enter Select either the Scroll lock or Num lock Press Enter GCS632U GCS1732 and GCS1734 If you are using a Mac Keyboard without a Num Lock please see Document TIL ID 279 Press and hold down the Num Lock Press and Release the Minus Release the Num Lock Press and release T Press and release Enter The hotkeys on the other KVMs are static and can not be altered Can I use my Mac keyboard with the KVM The GCS632U GCS1732 and GCS1734 have full Mac keyboard support Other KVMs do not support Mac special functions LEDS on keyboard are flashing alternately This usually indicates the KVM was given a command that was not completed you have entered HSM or you have a keyboard that is not compatible with the built in emulation Example to change ports you must follow the command with enter on most KVM models to complete the operation To exit this mode press the ESC key Was this answer helpful Yes No Answers others found helpful | [
"IOGEAR",
"KVM",
"Emulation"
] |
http://ion.chem.usu.edu/~sbialkow/Classes/3600/alpha/alpha3.html | Use of Acid Distributions in Solubility Problems where A n - is a conjugate base of an acid with equilibria etc . Although the salt dissociates to form M n+ and A n - , the is basic and grabs ' protons from water . Acidic forms of the anion do not form an insoluble salt complex . The problem is not intractable . In fact , it is easy if the pH is known . To find the solution , we note that for each mole of M n+ dissolved , one mole of is initially formed . The , in turn , is distributed among all acid forms . From the a n definition we know that the fraction of acid as is Substitution of this into the K sp equation gives a simple result As a concrete example , consider the molar solubility of calcium carbonate at pH 6 . Calcium carbonate dissociates by The K sp = 6 . 0x10 9 . Carbonate will be distributed as CO 3 2 HCO 3 , and H 2 CO where a1 = 4 . 45x10 7 and a2 = 4 . 69x10 11 . The a expressions are To find the molar solubility we use the table to find the amounts of solution phase species . CaCO ( s ) - - > Ca 2 + ( aq ) 2 - ( aq ) initial solid 0 0 change - x + x + x final solid x x For each x mole of CaCO that dissolves , x mole of Ca 2 + and x mole of 2 - are formed . The will be distributed in the different acid forms . But we know F and the concentrations of the various forms are still related to F through the The equation is cast in the form Using the values from the table where x is equal to [ ] , , and is the molar solubility of . To find the molar solubility we first determine 2 . At pH 6 , [ H O + ] = 10 6 and = 1 . 44x10 5 . The molar solubility is Molar solubilities at other pH ' s are given in the Table below . Notice that is soluble in acid solution but is insoluble in basic solution . This feature is used by Geologists to test for carbonate rock ( calcite ) . Calcite fizzes ' when HCl is dropped on it but has no reaction with NaOH . Why does it fizz ? ' p molar solubility 12.68 170 4 8.68 1.70 6 4.84 0.020 8 2.34 0.0011 10 0.49 1 . 4x10 - 4 12 0.0092 7 . 8x10 - 5 solubility of as a function of pH Derivation of alpha equations Use of equations for pH problems Use of equations in metal ion buffers Back to main page This page was created by Professor Stephen Bialkowski Utah State University August 03 , 2004 | [
"Acid",
"Solubility Problems"
] |
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/035012 | Letter OPEN ACCESS Environmental impacts of food trade via resource use and greenhouse gas emissions Carole Dalin 1 and Ignacio RodríguezIturbe 2 Published 4 March 2016 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd Environmental Research Letters Volume 11 Number 3 Focus on Food Trade and the Environment Article PDF Figures References Citations 11726 Total downloads Cited by 4 articles Turn on MathJax Share this article Article information Abstract Agriculture will need to significantly intensify in the next decades to continue providing essential nutritive food to a growing global population However it can have harmful environmental impacts due to the use of natural and synthetic resources and the emission of greenhouse gases which alter the water carbon and nitrogen cycles and threaten the fertility health and biodiversity of landscapes Because of the spatial heterogeneity of resource productivity farming practices climate and land and water availability the environmental impact of producing food is highly dependent on its origin For this reason food trade can either increase or reduce the overall Export citation and abstract RIS Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 30 licence Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the authors and the title of the work journal citation and DOI Introduction Agriculturegrowing crops and raising livestockprovides essential nutritive food as well as employment and economic return in particular when commodities are traded domestically or internationally However it can negatively impact the environment through the use of natural water soil land and synthetic fertilizer pesticides herbicides etc resources which alter the water carbon and nitrogen cycles and threaten the fertility health and biodiversity of landscapes Due to the spatial heterogeneity of resource productivity farming practices climate and land and water availability the environmental impact of producing food is highly dependent on the location of production Trade can thus either increase or decrease Because essential resources required for food production are largely immobile eg water and land agriculture is only possible in certain places Trade thus allows people to live and access food in more places and with greater diversity and quantity Porkka et al 2013 DOdorico et al 2014 The history of civilization and development shows the importance of trade in population and socioeconomic growth By moving food from its production to consumption places trade facilitates growth but also distances consumers from the potentially damaging environmental impacts of agriculture DOdorico et al 2010 An economic solution to this problem would be to account for environmental damages in food prices ie internalize externalities but this is challenging due to equity issues across countries and groups with varying financial capacities and tendency for unilateral rather than multilateral policies These economic and political considerations are the object of many studies eg Barrett 1994 Esty 2001 Muradian and MartinezAlier 2001 and will not be discussed here Instead we focus on work that has attempted to quantify the role of food trade in the environmental impacts of agriculture Importantly unlike the impact of food production the overall impact of food trade is assessed by comparing relative impacts between trading partners In the case of water the impact of trade on global water use is considered beneficial if the exporters waterproductivity is higher than that of the importer whereas the impact of both countries production declines when any of the two countries water productivity improves Food systems are becoming increasingly global as trade is facilitated by better communication technology global governance trade agreements etc With the world population projected to reach 9 billion in this century the challenge to feed the planet with already pressured natural resources is particularly difficult Boosting agricultural production while minimizing environmental impact is indeed one of the major challenges of the 21st century Global Food Security Programme 2015 As trade plays an increasingly important role in the worlds food supply and will be crucial for achieving global food security it is essential to understand its effects on the environment and resource productivity both key factors for sustainability A growing body of literature has been developed to answer the major research question of whether or not trade alleviates the environmental impacts of the global agricultural system These impacts are multiple such as resource depletion pollution climate disturbance and biodiversity reduction In this review paper we highlight findings about the effects of food systems globalization on agricultures environmental impacts via resource use and greenhouse gas emissions We present the current state of knowledge in the critical issue of the environmental impacts of food trade and pinpoint key research directions ahead toward an improved understanding of this major global phenomenon Water resources The agricultural sector is responsible for 70 of global freshwater withdrawals with even larger shares in Asia and Africa FAO 2011 In addition irrigation drives 90 of global freshwater consumption Hoekstra and Mekonnen 2012 This makes agriculture and food systems management crucial for water resources strategies While mostly rainfed 80 of cultivated land in 2009 FAO 2011 global food production importantly relies on productive irrigated fields with 40 of the global food supply produced with irrigation WWAP 2014 and as much as 80 of food production in Pakistan 70 in China and over 50 in India Irrigation water sources referred to as blue water include surface and groundwater from river flow to reservoirs and deep aquifers each type presenting a different opportunity cost availability over time and space and renewal rate In particular nonrenewable aquifers are increasingly overexploited in large food baskets of the world like the California Central Valley central USA the North China Plain Northern India and Pakistan Wada et al 2010 Famiglietti 2014 As a highly significant issue for global sustainable water and food security the consumptive use of water resources for agriculture has been the focus of a vast array of research This section focuses on the environmental impact of food trade on freshwater availability via agricultures water resources use Water resources are unevenly distributed on the planet In some regions while population grows and diets shift toward waterintensive products like meat water resources are placed under increased pressure leading to water and food security issues Dalin et al 2012 2014 Besides many areas of the world are expected to suffer increasingly frequent and intense droughts under climate change which will strain water resource use in agriculture even more and potentially lead to crop failures Field et al 2012 However other regions have abundant water resources prosperous agriculture and might slightly benefit from climate change in terms of crop yields Parry et al 2007 Thus among different strategies to increase agricultural wateruse efficiency eg mechanization watersaving irrigation fertilizers trade of waterintensive food products or virtual water trade is a way to improve global and regional wateruse efficiency by virtually transferring water resources from more to less waterproductive areas In recent decades the amount of water embedded in traded food has been modeled estimated quantified and analyzed at different temporal and spatial scales The water efficiency of trade reflecting whether commodities flow from relatively more water productive areas to less productive ones has been the main way to assess the impact of food trade on water resources use The concept of global water savings has been defined for a specific trade relationship as the weight of commodity trade multiplied by the difference between the exporting countrys water productivity and that of the importing country Chapagain et al 2006 In other words global water savings due to an international trade relationship represent the difference between the volume of water actually consumed by the exporter and the volume that the importer would consume if it produced the food domestically The emerging conclusion from diverse papers is that much water resources are saved from trade including irrigation water de Fraiture et al 2004 Oki and Kanae 2004 Chapagain et al 2006 Yang et al 2006 Konar et al 2011 Dalin et al 2012 Konar et al 2012 Chapagain et al 2006 estimated virtual water trade flows associated with 285 crop and 123 livestock commodities around the year 2000 and found they induced global water savings of 352 km 3 yr 1 Dalin et al 2012 provided a temporal analysis of embedded water in trade of 58 staple crop and livestock commodities from 19862007 and found that the corresponding global water savings significantly increased over this period from about 50 to 250 km 3 yr 1 Most savings are induced by sizable and waterefficient trade of wheat and corn while relatively more waterefficient but smaller trade of meat products contributed about a third of savings similar contributions are found for year 2000 by Chapagain et al 2006 Dalin et al 2012 highlight that volume of trade significantly grew on existing waterefficient links particularly on the importing link between China and its major soybean trade partners Brazil Argentina and the USA Because of large differences in soy water productivity between China and its partners Chinese soy imports were found to induce very large water savings These findings led to a spatially detailed study of Chinas virtual water trade figure 1 A Dalin et al 2014 2015 showing that most associated water savings are due to foreign imports figure 1 B The lower number of commodities studied by Konar et al 2011 and Dalin et al 2012 explains the different overall volume of virtual water trade ie 625 km 3 in Konar et al 2011 and about 1250 km 3 in Chapagain et al 2006 with about 400 commodities and corresponding savings between the studies However the proportions of water saved relative to water used in agriculture in both studies are comparable ie 4 in 2000 in Dalin et al 2012 and 6 in Chapagain et al 2006 These results imply that food trade favors efficient allocation of water resources as places with higher productivity tend to produce and export to less productive ones thus reducing overall water consumption Zoom In Zoom Out Figure 1 Virtual water trade between Chinese provinces and the rest of the world ROW A and associated positive global water savings B Numbers indicate the volume of water in cubic kilometers per year and the links color corresponds to the exporting province The map at the bottom right provides a key to the color scheme Note that the largest water saving links are foreign imports by Tianjin and Liaoning and exports from Shandong to Hainan Taken from Dalin et al 2014 Download figure Standard image Highresolution image Export PowerPoint slide While the aggregate water efficiency of international food trade is consistently shown across a number of studies this pattern can shift when focusing on specific countries trade links commodities or types of water Dalin et al 2012 Konar et al 2012 Konar and Caylor 2013 An important case is that of China where Dalin et al 2014 highlight inefficient food trade links across Chinese provinces originating from drier less waterproductive provinces like Inner Mongolia Other authors also point out trade links that contribute to groundwater extraction by analyzing food exports produced with water resources from threatened US aquifers Marston et al 2015 Importantly the water efficiency of trade as measured by savings is an informative but not holistic measure of trades impacts on water resources Indeed agricultural systems that are currently highly productive can also be unsustainable For example much irrigation is based on nonrenewable sources Wada et al 2012 including that in productive fields of the Western and Central USA Notably water resources can hardly be displaced across river basins and thus water scarcity is a basinlevel indicator As a result the value of water varies across basins according to the local water scarcity For this reason indicators should account for these differences when comparing countries productivity Separating water by source is an initial step but more needs to be done to assess the impacts of food trade on global water scarcity Chapagain et al 2006 Some regions are productive but rely on the intensive use of scarce resources eg South Africa USA High Plains etc In addition some regions are cultivated unsustainably and with low productivity because of other concerns like food selfsufficiency employment local and regional subsistence political reasons and economic constraints Recent work by Yano et al 2015 develops a water unavailability factor to inform on the local water resources context according to different types of water based on their renewal rates This allows not only for a consistent conversion across water sources instead of summing all volumes but also for an accounting of the local water scarcity Land and soil resources As global demand for food rapidly increases due to population growth and changing diets pressure for agricultural expansion leads to more land clearing and conversion to cropland or pasture sometimes including deforestation of productive tropical areas These land use changes can have important impacts on the environment by releasing stored carbon fragmenting species habitat and altering the hydrological cycle among others Agricultural practices also impact ecosystems via the use of fertilizers pesticides and other chemicals that can infiltrate soils and water streams potentially leading to pollution or eutrophication Here we will discuss work on land use and land use change et al 2009 or impact of the N and P physically embedded in foods Grote et al 2005 and soil salinization from irrigation in dry areas Pitman and Läuchli 2002 are not discussed here This section focuses on the environmental impact of food trade on land availability and environmental quality via agricultures land use and N and P surplus In the past decade deforestation rates have been slightly decreasing in Brazil and have significantly increased in Indonesia Malaysia Paraguay Bolivia Zambia Angola Papua New Guinea and other tropical areas Hansen et al 2013 In Indonesia and Malaysia forests have been cleared mainly for palm oil production Koh et al 2011 Carlson et al 2013 primarily destined to international markets Important land clearings and conversions also occurred in the Brazilian Amazon and deforestation in the early 2000s has been linked to exportoriented meat and livestock feed production with much of the cleared forests used for pasture and soybean Morton et al 2006 In these cases access to global markets via trade evidently boosted forest clearings However tropical agriculture can be done in more sustainable ways Exportoriented deforestation has been studied in Brazil and other tropical regions by De Fries et al 2013 highlighting the driving force of international food demand and analyzing how the relative success of Brazil at slowing down deforestation could be repeated in similar regions This success was enabled by governance and technical monitoring capacity put in place to control deforestation in the mid 2000s Hansen et al 2013 point out that although the shortterm decline of Brazilian deforestation is well documented changing legal frameworks governing Brazilian forests could reverse this trend The effectiveness of Indonesias recently instituted moratorium on new licensing of concessions in primary natural forest and peatlands initiated in 2011 is yet to be determined Lambin and Meyfroidt 2011 highlight the importance of understanding land change as part of global open systems to design policies allowing both agricultural development and nature conservation in tropical regions The role of agricultural trade in the global area of land used for agriculture or virtual land trade has been analyzed by Meyfroidt et al 2010 2013 Trade was found to transfer varying areas of cropland globally depending on estimation methods Kastner et al 2014 which resulted in overall saving or losses of land area depending on trade data used either from multiregional inputoutput MRIO methods or via bilateral trade datasets eg FAOSTAT The authors find these differences are most likely due to MRIO using aggregated products classes and using land intensity per unit crop value rather than per unit crop mass as done by other accounts while large price differences can exist for the same food commodity of varying quality This suggests trade accounts based on mass are more appropriate to evaluate transfers of embedded land Fader et al 2011 compared water and land transfers via agricultural trade and found that it has led to savings for both resources ie 263 km 3 yr 1 and 41 Mha yr 1 respectively Soybean and maize contribute the most to land savings suggesting trade of soybased feed may be land efficient They emphasize the fact that flows and savings of virtual water and land need to be analyzed together because they are intrinsically related Indeed water productivity correspond to a water flow per land area evapotranspiration divided by crop yield per land area The crop yield per land area is exactly what could be called the land intensity of agriculture When comparing land intensity of crops it is important to note that boosted yields have often come at the cost of more 2007 Land clearings and pollution from chemicals are also threatening biodiversity due to habitat loss or fragmentation and ecosystem disturbance Lenzen et al 2012 have shown that trade contributes to biodiversity threats especially in developing nations Figure 2 from their study highlights countries where more species are threatened by imports than by domestic production including Japan Germany France and the UK Similarly to tropical deforestation biodiversity threats are often higher in mid latitudes developing countries where specific food commodities are produced for export to higher latitudes more developed countries that do not have a suitable climate to make these commodities eg palm cocoa bananas Thus even though overall land productivity seems higher in exporting nations than importing ones Fader et al 2011 specific frameworks are required to mitigate biodiversity loss and forest threats due to commodity specific SouthNorth trade Some of such frameworks are currently in place for example for soybean and palm oil Zoom In Zoom Out Figure 2 Top net importers and exporters of biodiversity threats In importer countries marked with an asterisk the biodiversity footprint rests more abroad then domestically that is more species are threatened by implicated imports than are threatened by domestic production Taken from Lenzen et al 2012 Download figure Standard image Highresolution image Export PowerPoint slide Pollution from chemical application nutrients pesticides herbicides etc impacts soils aquifers and rivers The influence of agricultural trade and livestock production on the global phosphorus Schipanski and Bennett 2012 and nitrogen Lassaletta et al 2014 cycles are also of great importance Lassaletta et al 2014 state that At the global scale the system is becoming less efficient because of the disconnection between crop and livestock production across specialized regions increasing the environmental impacts Schipanski and Bennett 2012 found efficient trade in terms of phosphorous at the global scale but note a variety of issues related to the depletion of fertilizer resources and recycling difficulties The authors note that trade of feed crops particularly soybeans increasingly contribute to global P transfers but no conclusion is drawn on its effect on global P use A model estimating the land water and nitrogen inputs of meat and feed production was used to evaluate the virtual flows of these resources through trade Galloway et al 2007 While pointing out important remaining improvements required in nitrogen use efficiencies Galloway et al 2007 do not compare these values across trading partners The agricultural pollution embedded in trade has been quantified by OBannon et al 2013 who highlight that increasing amounts of water pollution by nitrogen are traded globally measured by the concept of gray water ie volume of water needed to dilute river and aquifer pollutants to acceptable concentrations However conclusions are not clear regarding the efficiency of this process ie whether or not pollution is avoided by trade This important issue also needs to be studied and quantified at regional scales as multiple studies point out that current trade contributes to concentrated N pollution impacts in exporting regions Galloway et al 2007 Schipanski and Bennett 2012 OBannon et al 2013 Lassaletta et al 2014 Moreover the estimation of local effects of N and P applications require to evaluate nutrient surplus based on input and crop intake as well as to improve the quantification of local rates of leaching to soil and streams Climate system Fertilizer application livestock management and land use change induce emissions of greenhouse gas with varying intensities depending on the agricultural practices and types of land cleared Land use change can also affect the hydrological cycle by modifying evapotranspiration infiltration and discharge patterns This section focuses on the potential environmental impact of food trade on the climate via agricultures greenhouse gas emissions The major agricultural sources of greenhouse gas emissions are agricultural soils agricultural waste burning enteric fermentation and manure management These processes mainly emit methane and nitrous oxide Agriculture contributed 70 of global nitrous oxide emissions in 2010 mainly from synthetic fertilizers animal waste dropped on soils either as animal manure or by animals during grazing and agricultural waste burning IEA report httpedgarjrceceuropaeudocsIEA_PARTIIIpdf p 4 Studies of the impact of food production and trade on greenhouse gas emissions take a similar approach as studies on embedded water use where water productivity is replaced by carbon equivalent intensity of products But unlike water consumption carbon emissions occurring during transportation can be significant and sometimes offset the emission avoided from trade due the carbon intensity differences between partners Despite this emissions from transportation have rarely been included Davis and Caldeira 2015 quantified emissions embedded in trade of goods and services and Caro et al 2014 calculated direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from enteric fermentation and manure embedded in international trade of meat products The latter do not provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of meat trade on emissions for meat production ie whether meat trade increases or decreases global emissions but highlights some links where additional emissions occur with trade due to different emission intensities of trade partners Importantly the authors note that carbon dioxide emissions associated with transport are not accounted for In a study of world trade and its role on greenhouse gas emissions Cristea et al 2013 account for emissions related to both food production and transportation The authors note that agricultural products are often shipped with the least emission intensive transport mode eg cargo which makes transportation emissions very small relative to other modes By adding on each trade link the transportation emissions positive and the difference in emission intensities between exporter and importer positive or negative Cristea et al 2013 find that trade of bulk agriculture ie raw crops reduces emissions in 416 of the trade flows ie trade links from a specific country to another in many cases substantially due to a difference in emission intensities overcoming transportation emissions However the remaining links represent significant increases in emissions so that the average effect of bulk agriculture trade is to increase emissions by 359 g of per dollar of trade figure 3 The effect of processed agriculture trade including fruits meats and dairy products on global emissions is not provided but the authors note that this type of trade is more likely to rely on carbon intensive air transport than that of raw crops thus potentially increasing global emissions further Zoom In Zoom Out Figure 3 Net change in CO 2 emissions for trade in the wearing apparel left and bulk agriculture right sectors ie emissions from transportation and difference between emission intensities of the origin and destination country representing the increase or decrease of global emissions via a specific trade link The units are in grams of CO 2 equivalent per dollar The histogram weights each change in CO 2 emission intensity by the value of trade corresponding to that origindestinationsector pair Taken from Cristea et al 2013 Note that the carbon efficiency of agricultural trade significantly varies across trade links ie country pairs Download figure Standard image Highresolution image Export PowerPoint slide Agricultural emissions due to land use change can also be significant in particular when carbon rich tropical forests are cleared for pasture or cropland Important contributors to these emissions include palm oil plantations in Indonesia Carlson et al 2013 largely for foreign exports and Brazilian exportoriented agriculture Karstensen et al 2013 This trade likely contributes to important carbon emissions given the difference in carbon stocks between tropical forests and most temperate lands However comparison of impacts is not obvious because as previously mentioned tropical commodities could not be produced domestically by most importers eg Western Europe Analyzing the differential effect of trade would need another counterfactual to imports than domestic production eg domestic cultivation of substitute commodities or imports from regions with different land use practices Final comments A range of methods have been applied in the assessment of the environmental impacts of food production and trade such as life cycle analysis Roy et al 2009 material flow analysis Kytzia et al 2004 mass balance and systems models We do not further develop here the methodological issues related to these assessments However it is important to point out the role of temporal spatial and sectoral scales in the estimation of trade flows and resource consumption per unit commodity A full range of spatial scales regional national geological play a role in the links between food trade and environmental issues Aggregation and disaggregation across temporal spatial and sectoral scales needs to be carried out in a consistent manner and accounting for scalespecific constraints Importantly comparison across existing studies of a specific environmental impact of All the environmental impacts of agriculture reviewed here in particular pollution deforestation and biodiversity reduction can be associated with equity issues Indeed Hoekstra and Mekonnen 2012 and OBannon et al 2013 found that water pollution often occurs in relatively less developed countries exporting to more developed ones Similarly biodiversity reduction figure 2 Lenzen et al 2012 and deforestation De Fries et al 2013 Karstensen et al 2013 are generally linked to SouthNorth trade Our review of quantitative estimates of the environmental impacts of food trade does not further address potential ethical and fairness questions developed eg in Hornborg 1998 but we highlight the importance of the perspective taken when estimating trade environmental impacts eg global or regional We suggest that quantitative estimates of impacts account for varying levels of exposure such as local resource scarcity and ecosystem fragility Research directions We have highlighted key issues on the environmental impacts of food trade via land and water use and greenhouse gas emissions discussing the complexity of these impacts and some difficulties in their estimation We draw from this discussion three broad recommendations for future research aiming at improving the understanding accounting and application of the environmental impacts of food trade First the vast majority of studies focuses on one type of environmental effect namely reduced water availability global warming biodiversity threat etc In the future there is a clear need for more comprehensive approaches accounting for the multiple environmental effects of agriculture and for the creation of consistent global indicators reflecting these effects As part of such effort understanding and accounting for the interactions within the waterfoodtradeclimate system is an important and challenging task going forward Second the role of food trade in alleviating or worsening environmental impacts of agricultural production is often assessed by comparing relative impacts between importers and exporters For this comparison to be useful and realistic detailed contextual information on issues like local resource scarcity are required Moreover approaches to properly account for these contextual issues need to be further developed In particular for the impact of water use on water availability the types of water resource and characteristics of the local hydrological cycle need to be included For the effect of nutrient use on soil and water quality the surplus amounts Third as food production and consumption become increasingly global accounting for trade linkages is key to track environmental and sustainability objectives in agricultural policy The resource saving potential of trade is high especially for water even though careful attention to each specific trade relationship and local socioeconomic context is required to avoid misinterpretations Research is needed to provide relevant multidimensional information to allow for the accounting of environmental impacts in decisionmaking The applicability of research findings on the environmental impacts of food production and trade would be greatly facilitated by approaches focused on the future evolution of the foodenvironment trade Acknowledgments C Dalin gratefully acknowledges the funding support of the Belmont Forum SAHEWS project NERC grant number NEL0087851 and the Economic and Social Research Council ESRC through the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy CCEP The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable inputs on an earlier version of this manuscript References Barrett S 1994 Strategic environmental policy and international trade J Publ Econ 54 32538 Crossref Carlson K Curran L Asner G Pittman A M Trigg S and Adeney J 2013 Carbon emissions from forest conversion by kalimantan oil palm plantations Nat Clim Change 3 2837 Crossref Caro D LoPresti A Davis S J Bastianoni S and Caldeira K 2014 Ch4 and n2o emissions embodied in international trade of meat Environ Res Lett 9 114005 IOPscience Chapagain A K Hoekstra A and Savenije H 2006 Water saving through international trade of agricultural products Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 10 45568 Crossref Cordell D Drangert JO and White S 2009 The story of phosphorus global food security and food for thought Glob Environ Change 19 292305 Crossref Cristea A Hummels D Puzzello L and Avetisyan M 2013 Trade and the greenhouse gas emissions from international freight transport J Environ Econ Manage 65 15373 Crossref Dalin C Hanasaki N Qiu H Mauzerall D and RodriguezIturbe I 2014 Water resources transfers through chinese interprovincial and foreign food trade Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111 97749 Crossref Dalin C Konar M Hanasaki N Rinaldo A and RodriguezIturbe I 2012 Evolution of the global virtual water trade network Proc Natl Acad Sci 109 598994 Crossref Dalin C Qiu H Hanasaki N Mauzerall D and RodriguezIturbe I 2015 Balancing water resource conservation and food security in china Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112 458893 Crossref Davis S and Caldeira K 2010 Consumptionbased accounting of co2 emissions Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 568792 Crossref de Fraiture C Cai X M Amarasinghe U Rosegrant M and Molden D 2004 Does international cereal trade save water the impact of virtual water trade on global water use Research ReportComprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Colombo Sri Lanka Comprehensive Assessment Secretariat 4 httpageconsearchumnedubitstream928322CARR4pdf De Fries R Herold M Verchot L Macedo M and Shimabukuro Y 2013 Exportoriented deforestation in mato grosso harbinger or exception for other tropical forests Phil Trans R Soc B 368 20120173 Crossref DOdorico P Carr J A Laio F Ridolfi L and Vandoni S 2014 Feeding humanity through global food trade Earths Future 2 45869 2014EF000250 Crossref DOdorico P Laio F and Ridolfi L 2010 Does globalization of water reduce societal resilience to drought Geophys Res Lett 37 L13403 Crossref Drinkwater L and Snapp S 2007 Nutrients in agrosystems rethinking the management paradigm Adv Agronomy 92 16386 Crossref Esty D C 2001 Bridging the tradeenvironment divide J Econ Perspect 15 11330 Crossref Fader M Gerten D Thammer M Heinke J LotzeCampen H Lucht W and Cramer W 2011 Internal and external greenblue agricultural water footprints of nations and related water and land savings Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 15 164160 Crossref Famiglietti J S 2014 The global groundwater crisis Nat Clim change 4 9458 Crossref FAO 2011 The State of the Worlds Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture New York The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Earthscan wwwfaoorgdocrep017i1688ei1688epdf Field C et al 2012 Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation Cambridge Cambridge University Press wwwipccchpdfspecialreportssrexSREX_Full_Reportpdf Crossref Galloway J N Burke M and Bradford G E 2007 International trade in meat the tip of the pork chop Ambio 36 6229 Crossref Global Food Security Programme 2015 Extreme weather and resilience of the global food system Final Project Report from the UKUS Taskforce on Extreme Weather and Global Food System Resilience wwwfoodsecurityacukassetspdfsextremeweatherresilienceofglobalfoodsystempdf Grote U Craswell E and Vlek P 2005 Nutrient flows in international trade ecology and policy issues Environ Sci Policy 8 43951 Crossref Hansen M C et al 2013 Highresolution global maps of 21stcentury forest cover change Science 342 8503 Crossref Hoekstra A and Mekonnen M 2012 The water footprint of humanity Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109 32327 Crossref Hornborg A 1998 Towards an ecological theory of unequal exchange articulating world system theory and ecological economics Ecological Econ 25 12736 Crossref Karstensen J Peters G and Andrew R 2013 Attribution of co2 emissions from brazilian deforestation to consumers between 1990 and 2010 Environ Res Lett 8 024005 IOPscience Kastner T Schaffartzik A Eisenmenger N Erb KH Haberl H and Krausmann F 2014 Cropland area embodied in international trade contradictory results from different approaches Ecological Econ 104 1404 Crossref Koh L P Miettinen J Liew S C and Ghazoul J 2011 Remotely sensed evidence of tropical peatland conversion to oil palm Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108 512732 Crossref Konar M and Caylor K K 2013 Virtual water trade and development in Africa Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 17 396982 Crossref Konar M Dalin C Hanasaki N Rinaldo A and RodriguezIturbe I 2012 Temporal dynamics of blue and green virtual water trade networks Water Resour Res 48 W07509 Crossref Konar M Dalin C Suweis S Hanasaki N Rinaldo A and RodriguezIturbe I 2011 Water for food the global virtual water trade network Water Resour Res 47 W05520 Crossref Kytzia S Faist M and Baccini P 2004 Economically extendedmfa a material flow approach for a better understanding of food production chain J Cleaner Prod 12 87789 Applications of Industrial Ecology Crossref Lambin E F and Meyfroidt P 2011 Global land use change economic globalization and the looming land scarcity Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108 346572 Crossref Lassaletta L Billen G Grizzetti B Garnier J Leach A and Galloway J 2014 Food and feed trade as a driver in the global nitrogen cycle 50year trends Biogeochemistry 118 22541 Crossref Lenzen M Moran D Kanemoto K Foran B Lobefaro L and Geschke A 2012 International trade drives biodiversity threats in developing nations Nature 486 10912 Crossref Marston L Konar M Cai X and Troy T 2015 Virtual groundwater transfers from overexploited aquifers in the united states Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 12 85616 Crossref Meyfroidt P Lambin E Erb K and Hertel T 2013 Globalization of land use distant drivers of land change and geographic displacement of land use Curr Opinion Environ Sustainability 5 43844 Crossref Meyfroidt P Rudel T and Lambin E 2010 Forest transitions trade and the global displacement of land use Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 2091722 Crossref Morton D Fries R D Shimabukuro Y Anderson L Arai E del Bon EspiritoSanto F Freitas R and Morisette J 2006 Cropland expansion changes deforestation dynamics in the southern Brazilian Amazon Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 1463741 Crossref Muradian R and MartinezAlier J 2001 Trade and the environment from a southern perspective Ecological Econ 36 28197 Crossref OBannon C Carr J Seekell D and DOdorico P 2013 Globalization of agricultural pollution due to international trade Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 10 1122139 Crossref Oki T and Kanae S 2004 Virtual water trade and world water resources Water Sci Technol 49 2039 httpwstiwaponlinecomcontent497203abstract Parry M Canziani O Palutikof J der Linden P V and Hanson C 2007 Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge Cambridge University Press wwwipccchpublications_and_dataar4wg2encontentshtml Pitman M and Läuchli A 2002 Global Impact of Salinity and Agricultural Ecosystems Netherlands Springer pp 320 Crossref Porkka M Kummu M Siebert S and Varis O 2013 From food insufficiency towards trade dependency a historical analysis of global food availability PLoS One 8 e82714 Crossref Roy P Nei D Orikasa T Xu Q Okadome H Nakamura N and Shiina T 2009 A review of life cycle assessment lca on some food products J Food Eng 90 10 Crossref Schipanski M E and Bennett E 2012 The influence of agricultural trade and livestock production on the global phosphorus cycle Ecosystems 15 25668 Crossref Wada Y van Beek L and Bierkens M 2012 Nonsustainable groundwater sustaining irrigation a global assessment Water Resour Res 48 W00L06 Crossref Wada Y van Beek L Bierkens M and van Kampen C 2010 Global depletion of groundwater resources Gepohys Res Lett 37 L20402 Crossref WWAP 2014 Unesco facts and figures httpunescoorgnewennaturalsciencesenvironmentwaterwwapfactsandfiguresallfactswwdr3fact24irrigatedland Yang H Wang L Abbaspour K and Zehnder A 2006 Virtual water trade an assessment of water use efficiency in the international food trade Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 10 44354 Crossref Yano S Hanasaki N Itsubo N and Oki T 2015 Water scarcity footprints by considering the differences in water sources Sustainability 7 975372 Crossref Export references RIS Citations Acceptance of Food Technologies Perceived Values and Consumers Expectations towards Bread A Survey among Polish Sample Marta Sajdakowska et al 2018 Sustainability 10 1281 Crossref Environmental and social footprints of international trade Thomas Wiedmann and Manfred Lenzen 2018 Nature Geoscience Crossref Global impacts of the meat trade on instream organic river pollution the importance of spatially distributed hydrological conditions Yingrong Wen et al 2018 Environmental Research Letters 13 014013 IOPscience Urban food security at the crossroads between metropolitan food planning and global trade the case of the AntwerpRotterdamDüsseldorf region Dirk Michael Wascher and Leonne Jeurissen 2017 Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 41 944 Crossref Export citations RIS Abstract Introduction Water resources Land and soil resources Climate system Final comments Research directions Acknowledgments Citations | [
"Environmental",
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http://ios.wonderhowto.com/how-to/passcode-exploit-bypass-lock-screen-iphone-running-ios-6-1-0142518/ | Passcode Exploit How to Bypass the Lock Screen on an iPhone Running iOS 6.1 By Nelson Aguilar 02 / 19 / 2013 3 : 50 pm Security Even though iOS 6.1 was only released a couple of weeks ago , hackers released evasi0n a couple days after . Evasi0n , the only iPhone 5 jailbreak currently on the market , is the most popular jailbreak in history — with nearly 7 million iOS devices already hacked in the mere four days after its release . Image via forbes . com Well , now it seems that iOS 6.1 is being taken advantage of again , this time with a simple exploit figured out by YouTube user S1riOS6 , which lets you bypass the lock screen on an iPhone running iOS 6.1 , allowing you to access the contacts , see the call history , listen to voicemails , and even make calls . In order to bypass the lock screen ' s security code , this is what you ' ll have to do . Slide to unlock and type in a wrong passcode Cancel the passcode screen and slide to unlock again . From there , tap Emergency Call Hold the Power button ( on the top of the device ) until it warrants the slide to turn off . Hit Cancel The taskbar at the top of your iPhone should now be light blue . Dial 112 ( an emergency number like 911 ) , tap the green call button and hit the red button to cancel it right after . Tap the Power button to turn off the screen , hit the or Home button , and slide to unlock once more . Now you ' ll want to hold the button again for about 3 seconds and tap Emergency Call right before the screen changes to slide to turn off . The last step is the most difficult part of the process because the timing has to be perfect . Do n ' t worry , it took me about five or sex times to perfect it . You can also watch the video below , which shows me performing the exploit on my iPhone 5 . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . While the exploit allows you to enter the phone , you ' ll only be able to access the contacts , phone dialer , and photos . If you try to access any other part of the phone , you ' ll be sent back to the lock screen . Note : Sometimes , when performing the final step , you ' ll be sent to a black screen like in the picture below . If this happens , you ' ll have to start all over UPDATE : Apple issued a statement to CNET about fixing this issue soon : " Apple takes user security very seriously . . . We are aware of this issue , and will deliver a fix in a future software update . " UPDATE II : Apple has released a new update ( 6.1.2 ) that not only fixes the passcode bypass exploit , but also a fix for a battery drain bug that impacted users of Exchange servers . You can either get it through OTA by going to Settings , General and then Software Update or you can head over to OSXDaily and download it from there . So , it wo n ' t last long , but even then , there are still ways you can get around the lock screen if you really want to . | [
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http://ioustotra.blogspot.com/p/shri-devi-mahatmya.html | Stotra hymns Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay Links Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay Links A Devi Mahatmya 5122014 1 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 1 9122014 2 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 2 12122014 3 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 3 16122014 4 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 4 19122014 5 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 5 24122014 6 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 6 26122014 7 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 7 30122014 8 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 8 2012015 9 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 9 6012015 10 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 10 9012015 11 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 11 16012015 12 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 12 20012015 13 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 13 23012015 14 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 14 27012015 15 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 15 30012015 16 Shri Devi Mahatmya Adhyay 16 3022015 Email This BlogThis Amazon Free Time Unlimited Free Trial Amazon FreeTime Unlimited Free Trial Shri Gurucharitra Mahatmya श्रगुरुचरत्र महत्म्य Shri Gurucharitra Mahatmya Gurucharitra is a pious and holy Grantham Book in Marathi This Grantham consists of total 52 chapters Brahma Vidya the way to matured life wwwbrahmavidyanet I Value Most Shri Mat Bhagwat Gita Link of All Stotras Blog Posts httpioustotrablogspotcompallstotralinkshtml SUSWAGATAM TO STOTRA I heartily welcome you to this blog I am trying to take all my efforts to make this blog as per your requirements I am sure that I will be successful in my endeavor with your good wishes Offerings Flowers Search This Blog Followers Blog Archive 2018 129 November 3 ShriYogeshwari SasraNam श्रयगेश्र्वर सहस्त्रनम ShriYamunAshtaka श्रयमुनष्टकम् ShriPad Ashtak श्रपद अष्टक October 1 September 5 August 4 July 11 June 29 May 16 April 22 March 12 February 14 January 12 2017 100 2016 191 2015 109 2014 83 2013 72 2012 59 2011 44 2010 28 2009 54 2008 35 Pageviews last month Subscribe To httpioustotrablogspotcom Posts All Comments | [
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http://iowaeyecare.com/ | We Believe Life Is All About Your Vision How clear is your vision Iowa EyeCare has been a leading provider of optometry services and vision care products in Iowa since 1979 We have four convenient locations to serve you in Robins Cedar Rapids Marion and Hiawatha Contact Us Patient Forms Get the forms you need Try On Frames Enter a virtual fitting room Reorder contacts online Optometry Services Our experienced eye doctors offer comprehensive vision examinations at all of our locations and specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide array of eye diseases conditions and problems We use advanced diagnostic technology and vision correction products and are committed to improving the quality of life through enhanced vision Give yourself the gift of clear vision schedule an appointment with one of our eye care providers today Cedar Rapids 510 10th Street SE Cedar Rapids IA 52403 319 3652868 Office Hours Marion 1065 East Post Rd Marion IA 52302 319 3772222 Office Hours Hiawatha 1425 Boyson Rd Hiawatha IA 52233 319 7433937 Office Hours Robins 915 Robins Square Drive Robins IA 52328 319 2948888 Office Hours | [
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http://iowagirleats.com/2012/09/13/copycat-olive-garden-pasta-e-fagioli-soup/ | Copycat Olive Garden Pasta e Fagioli Soup by Kristin September 13 , 2012 Filed Under : copycat Dinner Gluten Free Lunch Recipes Restaurants 117 Comments Copycat Olive Garden Pasta e Fagioli Soup is hearty , filling , and tastes just like Olive Garden ’ s Pasta e Fagioli Soup . Easily made gluten - free , too ! This post may contain affiliate links . Turns out I left Napa on Sunday with more than a new appreciation for the phrase meth teeth – a nasty head - cold ! A friend on the trip got one a few days prior to heading out there and , despite our best efforts to avoid cross contamination , as of Monday I had officially traded wine cheese , and sushi – for juice , Nyquil , and tissues . These are not the same . To me there ’ s nothing more satisfying than a hot bowl of soup when I ’ m sick , so I immediately made a big pot of Copycat Olive Garden Pasta e Fagioli Soup on Monday night to cozy up with all week . Pasta e Fagioli means “ pasta and beans ” in Italian , and the Olive Garden ’ s version is seriously delish . I know this because I used to pick Olive Garden for my birthday dinner spot every year growing up , and every year I ’ d devour this soup with unlimited salad and bread sticks ( adventurous , no ? ) We stopped going after the year my Dad accidentally inhaled the juice from a pepperoncini in his unlimited salad and coughed for like , 45 minutes . Quite embarrassing . It was Caesar Salads at Cheddar Anyway , this Pasta e Fagioli soup has a savory tomato - based broth with hearty veggies , ground beef , beans , and pasta . It tastes just like the OG ’ s , is comforting to the audible “ mmmm “ , and I ’ ve been eating it for lunch all week in hopes that it ’ ll help quiet my incessant sniffling and sneezing . We ’ ll beat this thing yet ! Start the Pasta e Fagioli Soup by browning 1lb ground beef ( I used 90 / 10 ) that ’ s been lightly seasoned with salt pepper in a SOUPER large soup pot ( get it ? SOUP - er ? Crickets . ) Drain the beef , then return it to the pot . Next add 1 cup each chopped onion ( about 1 small onion , ) carrots ( about 1 large carrot , ) and celery ( about 2 stalks , ) along with 2 minced garlic cloves . Season with a bit more salt & pepper , then cook the veggies with the cooked ground beef for 10 minutes to soften up a bit . Now add in the rest of the soup ingredients , including : 28oz crushed tomatoes , and 1 - 15oz can each of tomato sauce , kidney beans ( undrained , ) great northern beans ( undrained , ) and beef broth ( unpictured . ) Make sure your beans are packed in water , k ? Finally , add yummy , hearty spices including salt , pepper , and dried thyme , basil , and oregano . Stir everything together then simmer for 1 hour , stirring occasionally . Oh , a parmesan cheese rind ( like the one I used in this soup ) would be FAB to add in at this point . I did n ’ t have any on hand this time though – rats ! When the soup has 10 minutes left , cook up 8oz gluten - free or regular ditalini pasta ( or any short cut pasta ) in salted , boiling water . Drain the pasta , then stir it into the soup and simmer for 5 more minutes . Ladle up , and serve ! PREV Caprese Pasta Skillet NEXT Friday Favorites gluten free 5 5 / 5 ( 4 REVIEWS Ingredients Serves a crowd 1lb ground beef ( I used 90 / 10 ) 1 small onion , chopped ( 1 cup ) 1 large carrot , chopped ( 1 cup ) 2 stalks celery , chopped ( 1 cup ) 2 cloves garlic , minced 28oz can crushed tomatoes 15oz can tomato sauce 15oz can beef broth ( plus more for heating ) 15oz can red kidney beans ( with liquid ) 15oz can great northern beans ( with liquid ) 1 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon dried oregano 1 teaspoon dried basil 1 / 2 teaspoon dried thyme 1 / 2 teaspoon pepper 2x2 " parmesan rind ( optional ) 8oz dry gluten - free or regular ditalini pasta ( or any short cut pasta ) Directions Brown ground beef in a large soup pot over medium - high heat until no longer pink , lightly seasoning with salt & pepper . Drain then return to the pot . Add onions , carrots , celery , and garlic , lightly season with salt & pepper , then saute for 10 minutes , stirring occasionally . Add the remaining ingredients , except for the pasta , then simmer for 1 hour stirring occasionally . When the soup has 10 minutes left to simmer , cook pasta in salted boiling water until just under al dente . Drain then add to the soup and simmer for 5 - 10 more minutes . Remove parmesan cheese rind , then serve . Notes Slightly adapted from Todd Wilbur I was going to wait until October - ish to share this recipe with you , but our high today was only in the mid 60 ’ s which made eating a bowl of this soup wrapped up in a blanket with a cool breeze coming in through the windows feel awesome – head - cold or not . Thinking some of you may feel the same way . FYI – the soup will thicken up as it cools , so buy some extra beef broth to add in when reheating . It ’ ll be just as delicious . More Comforting Soup Recipes You ’ ll Love ! Homemade Chicken Noodle Soup > Perfect Broccoli Cheese Soup > Ben ’ s Beef Stew > 15 Minute Tomato Basil Soup with Cheese Tortellini > PREVIOUS : Caprese Pasta Skillet NEXT : Friday Favorites | [
"Pasta e Fagioli Soup",
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http://iowagirleats.com/2013/02/25/easy-cheddar-cheese-sauce-for-vegetables/ | Easy Cheddar Cheese Sauce for Vegetables by Kristin February 25 , 2013 Filed Under : Dinner Gluten Free Recipes Sides 104 Comments Liven up everything from broccoli to baked potatoes with my 5 - minute Easy Cheddar Cheese Sauce for Vegetables ! This post may contain affiliate links . My parents were lucky in that my brothers and I did n ’ t need too much convincing to eat our vegetables when we were growing up . Well besides , say it with me , bell peppers and cooked carrots ( like , stewed carrots . I ca n ’ t even ! ) Oh , and lima beans . If I never see a bag of frozen succotash again , it ’ ll be too soon . That said , even I , a die - hard veggie lover , can appreciate a little jazzing up of my favorite side dish every now and again with a warm , decadent Easy Cheddar Cheese Sauce drizzled on top , muwahaha ! This cheddar cheese sauce takes just 5 minutes to make and will liven up everything from steamed broccoli and cauliflower , to hot baked potatoes . In addition to veggies it ’ s also great to stir into pasta and rice , or even pour directly over crunchy tortilla chips for a little homemade nacho action ! The recipe is adapted from the cheddar cheese sauce I made to swirl into my Cheesy Taco Soup , except it has just a tad more shredded cheddar to really pump up the flavor . The result is sensational ! Thick and extra - cheesy – perfect for convincing any veggie hater to eat their greens or , for those who do n ’ t really need an extra push , a special , occasional treat . Start by melting 2 Tablespoons butter in a saucepan over medium heat , then whisk in 2 Tablespoons gluten - free or all - purpose flour and cook for 1 minute . Next , slowly whisk in 1 cup milk , season with salt & pepper , then switch to a wooden spoon and stir until the mixture has thickened , about 3 - 4 minutes . Turn off the heat then add 1 - 1 / 2 cups freshly shredded cheddar cheese and stir until smooth . I HIGHLY recommend using freshly grated cheese ( vs pre - grated ) as pre - grated cheese has a coating to prevent it from sticking together and wo n ’ t melt as well . Taste the sauce then add more salt & pepper if necessary . Drizzle over your favorite steamed veggies then devour ! PREV Parmesan - Garlic Chicken with Roasted Potato Wedges NEXT Chicken Parmesan Meatball Subs Easy Cheddar Cheese Sauce for Vegetables gluten free 15 minute meal Ingredients serves 4 - 6 2 Tablespoons butter 2 Tablespoons gluten - free or all - purpose flour salt and pepper 1 cup milk ( works best with 2 % milk ) 1 - 1 / 2 cups freshly shredded cheddar cheese ( not pre - grated ) Directions Melt butter in a saucepan over medium heat . Add flour then whisk for one minute . Slowly whisk in milk then season with salt and pepper and switch to a wooden spoon . Stir and cook until thickened , about 4 - 5 minutes . Turn off heat then add cheese and stir until melted and smooth . Taste then season with additional salt and pepper if necessary . Serve immediately . This cheese sauce is so yummy that it might even convince your kids to eat the broccoli “ trunks ” . I was all about the broccoli “ tree tops ” when I was little , leaving the trunks for , well , the dog . ( RIP Friski . ) Feel free to play around with the type of cheese in here too – I ’ m thinking a mix of cheddar and Pepper Jack would be awesome drizzled over a baked potato ! More Easy Side Dishes You ’ ll Love ! Creamy Parmesan Garlic Quinoa > Broccoli Cheddar Orzo > Creamy Chicken Pasta > Creamy Garlic Shells > Click here to view all side dish recipes > PREVIOUS : Parmesan - Garlic Chicken with Roasted Potato Wedges NEXT : Chicken Parmesan Meatball Subs | [
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http://iowagravestones.org/cemetery_list.php?CID=97&cName=Danbury%2C+St.+Mary%27s | Danbury , St . Mary ' s Cemetery - Woodbury County , Iowa 167 Approved Records In This Cemetery Last Record Was Added or Updated On 10 / 13 / 16 at 6 : 00 : 25 AM CDT A : ANDERSON , Gary E . B : BAUER , Leinen BAUER , Maggie BAUER , Margaret E . BAUER , Marian BAUER , Mary BAUER , Mathais BECKMAN , Anna M . BERKEMEIR , Annie BERKEMEIR , Elizabeth BRENNER , Isador & Margaret BRENNER , John & Edna BRENNER , Norman & Dolores BRENNER , Raymond & Lorene BRENNER , Vincent & Marjorie BRINKER EHRIG , Anna C : COCKAYNE , Roy T . & Theresa COLLINS , John W . & Bridget COLLINS , Lucille B . COLLINS , Mary Esther CRAIG , Marian R . D : DICKMAN , Frank DICKMAN , Joseph J . DICKMAN , Pauline J . DICKMAN , Wm . J . & Mary E . DIIMIG , Gertrude M . DIIMIG , Kunigunda & Henry DIIMIG , Vincent J . DIIMIG , Wilma G . DIMIG , Frank C . & Iola W . DIMIG , Frank H . DIRKSEN , Joseph A DIRKSEN , Joseph A . DIRKSEN , Leo J . DREA , Daniel & Elizabeth DUGAN , Don & Helen E : EHRIG , Anna EHRIG , Anthony & Elizabeth EHRIG , Anton EHRIG , Antone L . EHRIG , Clarissa EHRIG , John & Katharine EHRIG ORTH , Elizabeth ELLIS , Harman James ELSKAMP , Melvin G . ERLEMEIER , Cornelia & Charles ERLEMEIER , Frank & Albertina ERLEMEIER , Theresa M . F : FARR , Charles FARR , John A . FLEISCHMANN , John L . FORD , Steven L . G : GOEBEL , Stella H . GOOD , Otto H . H : HAPPE , F A HUPKE , Frank & Mary J : JOCHIMS , Ervin JOCHIMS , Pauline K : KEITGES , P . Wayne & Marice KEITGES , Pierre & Ellen KEITGES , Waldo A . KENNALEY , T . Edward & Annie KILLION , Peter A . & Emma KING , Rosa KING , Wendel KLEINE , Bernard & Elizabeth KUENY , Albert KUENY , Clarence C . KUENY , Jacob & Mary M : MATT , Leo . H . MEIER , Bernard & Julia MEIER , Frank C . MEIER , Henry MEIER , Joseph A . MEIER , Sophie MEIER , Vincent & Loretta MOHRHAUSER , Albert J . MOHRHAUSER , Carl W . MOHRHAUSER , Charles F . MOHRHAUSER , family marker MOHRHAUSER , George & Lena MOHRHAUSER , John & Anna MOHRHAUSER , William R . N : NEGLESS , Helen M NEGLESS , LaVerne L . NEGLESS , Nemo E . O : OBERREUTER , Carl H . OBERREUTER , Ray & Edna ORTH , Elizabeth ORTH , Joseph M . ORTNER , Catherine ORTNER , Clarence P . ORTNER , Peter ORTNER , Wayne L . P : PENNEY , Delbert PETER , Anton & Barbara PETER , Caroline PETER , Josef & Katherine PETERS , Nicholas PROKOP , Anna PROKOP , George PROKOP , John PROKOP , John Paul R : REIMER , Anton & Annie REIMER , George REIMER , Joseph REIMER , T . A . & Elizabeth ROSAUER , Joseph & Anna ROSCH , Max & Anna S : SCHIMMER , Edw . H . SCHLEIMER , Leo Larry SCHOENHERR , John A . & Anna A . SEIBOLD , Katherine SEVENING , Albert SEVENING , William SEWENIG , Elizabeth SEWENIG , Family Marker SEWENIG , Joseph J . SEWENIG , William SHEFCHIK , Antone Joseph SOHM , Jacob & Frances SOHM , Katharina SOHM , Leonella M . STEINBACH , Frank STEINBACH , Geo . & Margaretha STEINBACH , Tony & Annie STEINBACH , Wayne STRECK , Herman & Frances T : TREIBER , Adam TREIBER , Adam , son TREIBER , Agnes A TREIBER , Anton TREIBER , Bernice M TREIBER , Bertha TREIBER , Carl P TREIBER , Charles TREIBER , Doris L TREIBER , Family marker TREIBER , Fred C . TREIBER , Harold A TREIBER , Leo J TREIBER , Louis H TREIBER , Mamie TREIBER , Nellie TREIBER , Viola R TREIBER , Virgil L U : UEHLE , family marker UEHLE , Jacob UEHLE , Jacob UEHLE , Raymond James UEHLE , Theresa UHL , Lewis & Celia UHL , Wilbert W . UHLENHAKE , Herman J . V : VENTEICHER , Adam VOSS , George & Mary W : WEBER , Glen W . WEBER , Lawrence WEBER , William J . WELTE , James P . WESSLING , Bertha A . WESSLING , Clem Sr . & Myrtle WESSLING , John & Anna WESSLING , Joseph & Susan WESSLING , Leo . A . WIELING , John & Anna WOLTERMAN , Peter & Theresa | [
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http://iowaneca.org/ | Iowa Chapter NECA home of the best electrical contractors in Iowa Founded in 1926 the original purpose of the Iowa Chapter NECA was to improve the standards of service provided by electrical contractors to the public assist electrical contractors in dealings with others in the industry as well as educate electrical contractors and promote the general welfare of its members Today the Iowa Chapter NECA is home to the best electrical contractors in Iowa and fills a unique role in the electrical contracting industry by representing its member contractors in the collective bargaining process Our membership comprises several large multiemployer groups as well as many smaller groups in various cities throughout the state of Iowa The Iowa Chapter NECA is also a cosponsor of the Iowa Electrical Apprenticeship IEA Cedar Rapids Electrical Apprenticeship and Southeast IowaOttumwa JATC as well as a sponsor of continuing education for electricians and electrical contractors throughout Iowa While the chapter has seen many changes in over the past 85 years there is one thing that remains the same its dedication to promote a better electrical industry Member Area MEMBER CONTRACTORS Jurisdiction Map Cedar RapidsIowa City Des Moines Dubuque Fort Dodge Ottumwa Sioux City Southeast Iowa WaterlooCedar Falls | [
"best electrical contractors",
"Iowa Chapter NECA"
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http://iowatheatre.wikia.com/wiki/City_Circle_Acting_Company | in : Article stubs Theatres City Circle Acting Company Edit Share City Circle Acting Company of Coralville presented its first season in 1998 , which consisted of Nunsense The Lion in Winter , and The Boys Next Door . They originally performed in Oakdale Auditorium in Coralville . More recently , they have performed shows at the Englert Theatre and The Iowa Children ' s Museum . In 2011 , they will begin performing at the Coralville Performing Arts Center . The first full length show in that space will be Hairspray . Season Listing : 1998 - 1999 Nunsense The Lion in Winter The Boys Next Door 1999 - 2000 Quilters Pippin Master Class 2000 - 2001 A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum Quilt : A Musical Celebration Marvin ' s Room 2001 - 2002 Radio TBS Cat on a Hot Tin Roof 1776 2002 - 2003 Nunsense II The Rocky Horror Show Shadowlands 2003 - 2004 The Fantastiks Rumors Santaland Diaries Once Upon a Mattress 2004 - 2005 Avow * The Tale of the Allergist ' s Wife Psycho Beach Party * Metamorphoses ( performed at Coralville Aquatic Center ) New Play Festival ( first annual ) * Bat Boy : The Musical Santaland Diaries * A Year with Frog and Toad ( performed in collaboration with the Iowa Childrens ' Museum ) Mornings at Seven 2005 - 2006 Gypsy ( first production at the Englert Theatre ) 2nd Annual New Play Festival * Sweet Charity Mrs . Bob Cratchet ' s Wild Christmas Binge * Little Mary Sunshine Cabaret 2006 - 2007 The Music Man Seussical the Musical ( in collaboration with the Englert Theater and the Iowa Children ' s Museum ) Fully Committed 3rd Annual New Play Festival Catchin ' the Babies Hamlet The Full Monty 2007 - 2008 Frozen A Christmas Story City Circle Shorts ( formerly New Play Festival , fourth annual ) Little Women ( The Musical ) 2008 - 2009 Schoolhouse Rock Santaland Diaries Arkansaw Bear Circle ' s Edge Repertory Festival : Picasso at the Lapin Agile / All the King ' s Horses , Rabbit Hole , Sarah Shattered Hello Dolly ! 2009 - 2010 Rent Always . . . Patsy Cline A Christmas Carol Radio Play Death Trap The Baltimore Waltz 2010 - 2011 You ’ re a Good Man , Charlie Brown ! Godspell Once on This Island Celebrate Me Home A Little Night Music New Play Festival Five Present Laughter * indicates production at Stephen Arnold Studio Theatre in Coralville This article is a stub . You can help Iowa Theatre Wiki by expanding it Categories Article stubs Theatres Add category | [
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http://ipad.about.com/od/musical-accessories/a/How-To-Connect-A-Midi-Controller-To-The-iPad.htm | How To iPad Connect Your MIDI Controller to Your iPad Photo from Amazon by Daniel Nations Updated January 09 , 2019 Have you ever wanted to hook up a MIDI keyboard to your iPad and jam out in style with Garage Band ? It ' s actually rather easy to connect a MIDI controller to your iPad , but you will need an adapter to let you funnel that MIDI signal into your tablet . Luckily , there a couple of not - so - expensive options . iRig MIDI 2 The iRig MIDI 2 is the most expensive MIDI solution for the iPad , but it is also packed with features . The adapter provides MIDI in , out and thru using the standard MIDI interface . The iRig MIDI 2 also has a USB port , so you can keep your iPad ' s battery from draining down while you play . This makes it an excellent choice compared to other solutions . If you ca n ' t keep your iPad charged , your playing time will be limited . And if you walk into the studio only to find your iPad ' s battery mostly drained , this is the solution that will still let you sit down and play . iRig MIDI 2 also works with all generations of the iPad or iPhone . Apple iPad Camera Connection Kit Next up comes the iPad Camera Connection Kit , which essentially turns the Lightning connector into a USB port . One thing to remember when using the connection kit is to plug any MIDI controller into the connection kit first and then plug the Connection Kit into the iPad . This will help the iPad recognize your device . While the Connection Kit does n ' t have the musical versatility that comes with the iRig MIDI 2 , it does have non - musical versatility . Since it is essentially a USB port , you can use it to load pictures onto your iPad from a camera or even connect a hardware keyboard to your iPad . This solution is great for those simply trying to create a simple MIDI connection . The Connection Kit is available for iPads that have Because the iPad may not output enough power for your MIDI controller , you may need to connect your controller to a USB hub and the hub to the iPad via the camera connection kit . Line 6 MIDI Mobilizer II While less expensive than the iRig MIDI , the Line 6 MIDI Mobilizer II does n ' t offer the MIDI thru or the USB connection for keeping your iPad charged . If all you want to do is get MIDI going between your iPad and PC , this will do the trick for the smallest amount of cash , but without the ability to keep your iPad charged , your playing time will be limited . Disclosure E - Commerce Content is independent of editorial content and we may receive compensation in connection with your purchase of products via links on this page . | [
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http://ipadstopwatch.com/ | Online Stopwatch iPad Friendly 00 00 000 Start Full Screen Timer Clock Countdown Online Stopwatch This stopwatch and timer is free and easy to use It not only works on your computer but also on your mobile devices like your iPad iPhone or Android phone or tablet The full screen automatically adjusts to fill your screen which makes it perfect for classrooms presentations and large audiences You can reach this stopwatch from anywhere by going to wwwipadstopwatchcom Aside from the full screen option the other major feature is that it continues where you left off That means once you start the stopwatch you can leave the site and it will keep going for hours or even days which makes it perfect for measuring long running events Timers If you want to count down instead of counting up try our free online timer Below are some preset timers to get you started 30 minute timer 60 minute timer 25 minute timer 20 minute timer 15 minute timer 10 minute timer 5 minute timer 1 minute timer 30 second timer Popular Countdown Timers Tax Day Countdown New Year Countdown Christmas Countdown Election Day Countdown Countdown Widget and Countdown Generator Add a stopwatch widget to your site You can embed the stopwatch on your site by adding the code below to your site iframe src httpipadstopwatchcomembedhtml frameborder 0 scrolling no width 391 height 140 iframe Copy to Clipboard Remember you can adjust the width and height to whatever you want Add a stopwatch widget to your Wordpress Blog If you have a Wordpress blog you can add the stopwatch to your site by downloading the following Wordpress plugin Download Wordpress Plugin Desktop Timer Need access to a timer when your not online No problem download our desktop timer its the same timer you use on this site so you can access it anytime Note its for Windows only Sorry mac Download Desktop Timer About Contact Privacy Policy 2014 ipadstopwatchcom All rights reserved | [
"Online Stopwatch",
"Timers"
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http://iparent.tv/roku-2/ | ROKU Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . What it is Roku came out a few years ago , just ahead of smart TVs , looking to integrate changing technology with our TVs . With the rise of Netflix , Roku became the premiere device to stream movies and tv shows in your living room , without having to huddle around the laptop . These small boxes take up little to no space , hook up to your TV and almost disapear . Within a couple minutes , you and your family are surfing Netflix , downloading and playing apps , or catching up on your favorite news station . Full of both free and paid content , Roku has established themselves as a real contender of living room entertainment . What it does With a low price point the Roku comes in different shapes and sizes , but with the same user experience . One selling point about the Roku is there is no monthly fee . You buy the box and you own it . When you connect your Roku , the first thing you ’ ll be required to do is connect to your wifi — without it you have , well , just a box . Once you ’ re connected and create a free Roku account , you can begin browsing their app store , providing a wide range of options from the WWE network to Netflix , from Watch ESPN to TBN , there really is something for everyone . Now it ’ s important to note : many of these channels will require some form of membership or premium service fee . Kid Appeal / Pitfalls From playing Angry Birds to watching their favorite show on Netflix , there is a lot of content avalible to whet your child ’ s appitite . By the same token , though , there is also a lot of undesirable content available within some of the apps . Keep in mind : you need to decide what you ’ re going to make available to browse through . The Roku itself really has no Parental Controls like most other devices on the market . What parents will need to do is set up a PIN code in your Roku settings online to help prevent your children from downloading or installing any innapropriate apps . There is no way to block content within a specific app once it ’ s downloaded , so keep that in mind . Let ’ s take Netflix for example . Once you ’ ve set it up on your Roku , it does n ’ t take more than a couple clicks for your kids to end up in the back alleys of their library when all they were searching for was the next episode of Jake and the Neverland Pirates . You ’ ll need to set up a kids ’ account within Netflix to keep your kids safe on the service ; Roku ca n ’ t do that for you . There are also several pornographic apps available that Roku does not advertise in their app store . However , these apps are available online and can be activated from a computer rather than used on the Roku . Seems confusing , but all it takes is giving out the PIN code , and endless amounts of adult content is unlocked on these devices . So to prevent all this , be sure to log into your account on the Roku website , and setup a PIN code . What ’ s Good ? The Roku is a great device , especially for younger kids with parents who are on top of it . A Roku that ’ s solely used for Netflix and Amazon Prime , for example , can be very convenient . And with high - speed wifi and a decent HDMI cable , you ’ ll be able to watch all the HD streaming content your eyeballs can handle . Not to mention the rise of games becoming available , it ’ s sure to provide hours of entertainment . What ’ s the verdict ? We give the Roku a cautionary thumbs - up , and we say that only because of the lack of more precise Parental Controls . Make sure you set up that PIN code lock before ever giving the remote to your kids . It needs to be said , you must go in and set these up yourself . If not , you ’ re giving your family wide open un - monitored access to the internet . | [
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http://ipassedmybarexam.com/2016/01/04/how-many-sample-mbe-practice-questions-should-i-do/ | How many Sample MBE Practice Questions Should I do by Dustin on Hey everyone ! Dustin here from IPassedMyBarExam . com and author of the # 1 Amazon bestseller The Seven Steps to Bar Exam Success . And a question came up to me recently from a webinar that I just did was “ how many MBE questions should I do to be ready for the bar exam ? How many MBE questions should I do to be ready ? ” Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . The answer is it really kind of depends on you . I do want to focus that it ’ s not so much about the number of MBE questions that you do , as it is about the quality of study that you do . For example if you take 500 MBE questions and you do n ’ t look at the answer , you do n ’ t review anything , you do n ’ t see why you got each answer right or wrong , do n ’ t look at the answers that are right and find If you ’ re not doing that versus taking100 MBE questions and doing a full on prep and review , the 100 questions are going to be a lot more beneficial than the 500 that you do . Do n ’ t look at MBE as something just to blitz through , just “ the more I do , the better prepared I ’ m going to be . ” It ’ s the more you do with a good in - depth review as you gothrough , that ’ s what ’ s going to make you better . Second thing to consider is are you good at multiple choice tests or not good at multiple choice tests ? Multiple choice tends to be extremely logical , little bit less creative than maybe the writing component . A lot of people do struggle with that . I was an engineering degree in undergrad and I kind of developed a really step by step method . We took a lot of multiple choice types of exams , things like that a lot inschool . I kind of developed that ability so I felt like I did n ’ t have to take quite as many MBE questions as maybe some other people . At a minimum , I ’ d recommend you do at least 150 questions per topic , so there ’ s 6 topics right now . They ’ re going to add civil procedure , so it will be 7 topics for the MBE . So about 150 questions per topic minimum and that ’ s with good review . So you read in the question , you ’ re reviewing Which one is right ? Which one is wrong ? Why is it right ? Why is it wrong ? Why did you get it right or wrong ? And if you saw this kind of question next time , would you be able to get it right as well ? About 150 per topic and I think that as a minimum will help you be prepared . Again , if you ’ re someone who needs or wants to get more studying or you do the 150 and you feel your answers are not and your scores are not Some people do thousands , like 2000 MBE questions , again if that ’ s what you want and what you feel you need to prepare , then be open to it . There ’ s no one size fits all here . There ’ s no specific number that I can tell you , but at a minimum try to hit at least 150 per each topic and that will definitely give you the good footing to be ready for your bar exam . That ’ s my tip for today . If you liked that tip , go ahead and hit the like button and hit the share button as well , wherever it is . I do n ’ t know where it is . And then also please head on over to IPassedMyBarExam . com / 12Keys , # 1 # 2 keys , to get your free pdf download . It ’ s a free guide that I give you . It ’ s short , sweet , easy to read , that ’ s going to help you with the mindset , a little bit with thestrategy I want you to go out there and pass the bar exam and then email me and tell me “ hey ! I passed the bar exam . Thanks for the help . ” I love hearing that from people . Head on over to IPassedMyBarExam . com / 12Keys . Until next time , I ’ ll see you in the next video and always remember that your name appears on the pass list . Yes , I want My Free Guide ! Article by Dustin Saiidi Dustin has written 134 awesome articles . Dustin Saiidi , author of The 7 Steps to Bar Exam Success , graduated in the bottom half of his class , but passed the bar exam on his 1st attempt . He shares how he overcame those challenges and gives tips , advice , and strategies so you can pass your bar exam , stress - free . | [
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http://ipassthecpaexam.com/how-long-to-study-for-cpa-exam/ | How Many Hours do You Need to Study for CPA Exam ? Last Updated : Oct 24 , 2018 @ 4 : 22 pm By Stephanie Ng 2 COMMENTS This is one of the most frequently asked questions . Studying time largely depends on how discipline you are , and whether you have commitments ( e.g. full time job , family , health ) other than the CPA exam . Rough Estimate : 330 - 440 Hours As a general rule , you ’ ll need 80 - 150 hours to study for each session of the exams , assuming you have basic accounting knowledge . Roughly speaking , you will need around 330 - 440 hours . Most candidates spend more time in preparing FAR and REG parts of the exam , and less time on AUD and BEC How to Get a Better Estimate If you run a busy life , it is best to find better ways to understand and keep track of how long it takes for CPA journey . Here are my suggestions : 1 . Utilize Available Online Study Planner Becker Gleim Wiley CPAexcel have interactive online study planner that helps you plan ahead with the study . The system calculates the time you need to complete each study unit , based on the average time required for their students in their studies . The system also keeps track of your progress , based on the time you log on to the study sessions . When you lag behind , they send you an email reminder and keep you on track . Roger CPA Review has an excel sheet as the online study planner . They decided not to go for the system as Gleim and CPAexcel has done , because many of their students prefer the flexibility of an excel sheet . 2 . Create Your Own Planner For other course providers , you ’ ll either create your own excel sheet , or use traditional way of making the important milestones on your calendar . In the video above and in my book , I listed 4 scenarios and you can pick the one that fits you the most , and follow accordingly . Other FAQ What is the testing window of this exam Can I take all 4 parts in one go ? Should I Where are the testing centers Want To Pass The CPA Exam On Your First Attempt ? If you find this article helpful , like my Facebook page Also , consider signing up to my mini - series which is completely free . I have two versions designed for candidates with different background : For US Candidates ( Those with US degrees , or graduate / live / work in the US ) For Intl Candidates ( Those who study abroad , or graduate / live / work outside of the US ) About the Author Stephanie Ng I am the author of How to Pass The CPA Exam ( published by Wiley ) and the publisher of this and several accounting professional exam prep sites follow me on : | [
"CPA Exam"
] |
http://ipcblog.org/2012/09/26/topical-pain-relievers-apply-with-caution/ | Topical Pain Relievers - Apply with Caution ! Published by ILPoisonCenter on September 26 , 2012 | Leave a response A large number of over - the - counter products are available to remedy the minor aches and pains that all of us experience at one time or another . These creams , ointments , lotions , gels , patches , and roll - ons , like Bengay ® and IcyHot ® , offer temporary relief of the discomfort caused by arthritis or muscle aches and strains . Many of these products are a combination of just a few ingredients such as menthol , methyl salicylate , camphor , and capsaicin . In 2010 , almost 60,000 calls were placed to poison control centers across the nation regarding exposures to these topical analgesic ( pain - relieving ) products . Most of these calls were regarding accidental tastes by small children , accidental misuse ( e.g. using the products to brush teeth ) , accidental rubbing the product into the eye ( s ) , or not following the product ’ s instructions for use . While these products can provide some much - needed relief from aches and pains , they should always be used with caution because their ingredients may Methyl salicylate : Methyl salicylate ( also known as oil of wintergreen ) can be absorbed into the body through the skin and overuse of this ingredient may cause abdominal pain , vomiting , rapid respiration , sweating , and ringing or buzzing of the ears . One teaspoon of an extra - strength analgesic cream containing 30 percent methyl salicylate is considered to be a large enough dose to warrant an emergency department referral for a 30 pound child . Additionally , significant toxicity has been reported in people who have used large amounts of topical products including methyl salicylate over large body surface areas for a long period of time . Menthol : This is derived from peppermint oil . Ingestion of large amounts of this essential oil may cause nausea , vomiting , abdominal pain , drowsiness , and rarely , coma . Camphor : In combination products , camphor is usually found in topical pain - relief products at a concentration of 5 percent or less . However , some other products may contain up to 10 percent camphor ( e.g. spirit of camphor ) . As little as two teaspoons of spirit of camphor could cause rapid convulsions in a small child . Capsaicin : Capsaicin is the chemical that makes hot peppers taste hot . Ingesting products containing this may result in intense stinging of the mouth , throat , and stomach with possible nausea , vomiting , and diarrhea . On September 14 , 2012 , the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) posted an update warning consumers that some people have reported developing mild to severe chemical burns after using topical pain - relief products . Such chemical burns are most commonly associated with products that contain greater than 3 percent menthol and 10 percent methyl salicylate . To minimize the risk of skin damage , the FDA recommends the following : Do not apply these products directly onto injured skin . Do not place bandages over the areas where the product has been applied . Do not apply additional sources of heat , such as heating pads or hot water bottles , to areas where the product has been applied . This will increase the risk of serious burns . Do not use these products on or around your eyes or mucous membranes ( e.g. nose , mouth , and genitals ) . Make sure that there is no product left on your hands before touching your eyes or any other sensitive areas . Remember to always store topical pain - relief products ( as well as all other medications ) out sight and out of reach of small children . When using one of these products , follow the labeled instructions carefully and use only as directed . If you suspect an accidental ingestion or if you experience any adverse reactions while using these products , seek medical attention or call the Illinois Poison Center at 1 - 800 - 222 - 1222 . Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged bengay burns camphor capsaicin icy hot Illinois Poison Center ipc blog menthol methyl salicylate pain relief topical cream ← Previous Next → | [
"Topical Pain Relievers",
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http://ipfactly.com/anacondas/ | Animal Facts Amazon Rainforest Animals List Articles Animal List Articles Apex Predators Articles Types of Animals Reptiles River Monsters Top 10 Interesting Anaconda Facts By IP Factly Nov 3 , 2015 Top 10 Interesting Anaconda Facts … Green Anaconda by Ted cc2 . 0 Lurking in the water with only its eyes and nostrils above the surface , the green anaconda patiently waits for an animal to make the mistake of coming too close to the water ’ s edge . When pulled out of the water — a task that can take as many as fifteen adult humans — the green anaconda is easily one of the largest snakes in the world , large enough to swallow a small horse whole ! Ca n ’ t get enough about this fearsome and amazing creature ? Let ’ s take a look at the 1 . The largest anaconda ever captured … … was 17 feet ( 5 meters ) long and weighed 215 pounds ( 98 kilograms ) . That ’ s about as heavy as an adult black bear , and longer than a car ! While there are reports of green anacondas growing over 30 feet ( 9 meters ) long , and even one report of an anaconda that was 37.5 feet ( 11.4 meters ) long — almost as long as a bus — weighing as much as 550 pounds ( 249 kilograms ) , these have not been confirmed . On average , green anacondas grow 10 to 15 feet ( 3 to 4.6 meters ) long and weigh around 100 pounds ( 45 kilograms ) . They are usually 1 foot ( 0.3 meters ) in diameter , which means they are as thick as three to four rolling pins put together . Females are longer and heavier than males , since they need to carry eggs . The green anaconda is the heaviest snake in the world , but not the longest . That spot belongs to the reticulated python , which usually grows up to 20 feet ( 6 meters ) long . The longest reticulated python on record is Medusa , at 25 feet 2 inches ( 7.7 meters ) long . 2 . What is the scientific name for anaconda , and what does it mean ? Photo taken by Daniel10ortegaven cc3 . 0 The scientific name of the green anaconda is Eunectus murinus . Both come from Greek words . Eunectus , means “ good swimmer ” , which the green anaconda definitely is — spending most of its time in the water , so much so that it is sometimes called the water boa . Why ? Because of its size , the green anaconda has a hard time moving on land , but can easily drift across the water , and is even able to swim fast . Green anacondas can also hold their breath under the water for up to 10 minutes . When they want to dry off , they climb tree branches , hanging themselves Murinus , on the other hand , means “ of mice ” , implying that green anacondas eat mice . While green anacondas can indeed eat mice like other snakes , they usually go after larger prey . After all , a large snake has a large appetite . The name “ anaconda ” comes from the Tamil word anaikolra , which means “ elephant killer ” . 3 . Green anacondas live an average of ten years in the wild . There is a sort of rule that says that larger animals generally have longer lifespans . Whereas small snakes live 6 to 8 years , green anacondas live about 10 years in the wild . In captivity , they can live up to 30 years . They start out about 2.6 feet ( 0.8 meters ) long , growing rapidly in the first 18 to 36 months of life . After that , they grow very slowly . 4 . Where anacondas live Green anacondas are found in the Amazon , and in other swamps and marshes in Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Paraguay , Venezuela , the Guianas and the island of Trinidad . 5 . Do anacondas have teeth ? … and teeth . Smallish anaconda in Los Llanos by ferkel cc2 . 0 Anacondas are non - venomous snakes , but that does n ’ t mean that they do not have teeth . Green anacondas have six rows of backward - pointing teeth , four on the upper jaw and two on the lower . What does a green anaconda use its teeth for ? You might wonder . After all , like other boas , anacondas swallow their prey whole . The answer is that anacondas use their sharp teeth to latch on to their prey , preventing it from escaping as they wrap their bodies around it and slowly suffocate or crush it to death . 6 . Can anacondas eat humans ? A green anaconda can open its mouth up to 180 degrees wide , stretching the ligaments of its jaw to swallow large prey whole . This makes people wonder — can anacondas eat humans ? Do anacondas eat humans ? Anacondas can , in fact , eat humans alive , especially children . As for whether or not we are a part of the green anaconda ’ s regular diet , the answer is no . Green anacondas prefer prey that does not put up much of a fight , and will only go after humans when they are starving . To date , there is no record of a green anaconda killing or eating a human . For more information visit Top 15 Most Dangerous Animals in the Amazon Rainforest 7 . A green anaconda ’ s diet Green Anaconda ( Eunectes murinus ) devours a capybara ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ) of 50 kilograms . Exhibit in the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt am Main . By Gerbil cc3 . 0 Anacondas are n ’ t picky eaters . They can eat just about anything — mammals , fish , birds , reptiles and amphibians . Normally , they eat capybaras — the largest rodents , which can grow over 4 feet ( 1.2 meters ) long — as well as tapirs , deer , ducks , turtles , dogs and sheep . They have been known to eat jaguars and caimans as well . Anacondas are also known for eating other snakes , including each other . Female anacondas , especially , are known to eat the smaller males , Green anacondas do not eat regularly . A meal can last them for months . When pregnant , female anacondas do not eat , since they do not want to risk losing their young while hunting . 8 . During the breeding season , anacondas form “ balls ” . Green anacondas form what are called “ breeding balls ” . This is because there are more males than females — and many males , up to a dozen of them , usually end up finding the same female to mate with . The males wrap around the female , forming a ball , for 2 to 4 weeks . During this time , they wrestle for position and usually , the strongest male ends up winning , mating with the female . 9 . Green anacondas give birth to live young . Some snakes lay eggs , but green anacondas are among the snakes that give birth to live young . For 8 to 12 weeks , the females carry the eggs inside their bodies — around twenty to eighty of them . When the eggs are ready to hatch , the female gives birth . The young are fully independent from birth , able to swim and hunt , and as such , are left alone by their mothers . 10 . Is the anaconda endangered ? A young anaconda ’ s predators include foxes , tegu lizards , caimans , birds ( like the crested caracara ) and adult green anacondas . Adult anacondas have no natural predators other than humans , who hunt them for their skin or capture them to be sold as pets , both of which are now considered widely illegal . This , however , has little effect on their population and green anacondas are known to be threatened more by loss of habitat . Even so , the green anaconda is not currently considered an endangered species . Anacondas are featured in the following books : 25 Top Predators in the World 25 River Monsters 25 Awesome Snakes 25 Amazon Rainforest Animals The YouTube video below is a collection of videos about Anacondas . The list of videos featured is underneath . Best ' 08 ! Anaconda Hunts | National Geographic Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . 0 : 00 2 : 48 The Playlist : Best ’ 08 ! Anaconda Hunts by National Geographic Anacondas : Tracking Elusive Giants in Brazil by ABCNews Attenborough – Anaconda gives birth underwater – by BBC ’ s Life in Cold Blood La Anaconda vs El caiman by LARZperu 15 Most Dangerous Animals in the Amazon Rainforest by IP Factly Sources : http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / Eunectes_murinus http : / / www . reptilepark . com . au / animalprofile . asp ? id = 203 http : / / kids . sandiegozoo . org / animals / reptiles / anaconda http : / / www . animalfactguide . com / animal - facts / green - anaconda / http : / / mentalfloss . com / article / 60015 / 11 - fun - facts - about - anacondas http : / / seaworld . org / animal - info / animal - bytes / reptiles / green - anaconda / http : / / www . rainforest - alliance . org / kids / species - profiles / green - anaconda http : / / animals . nationalgeographic . com / animals / reptiles / green - anaconda / http : / / www . nature . org / newsfeatures / specialfeatures / animals / reptiles / anaconda . xml http : / / www . tropical - rainforest - facts . com / Tropical - Rainforest - Animal - Facts / Interesting - Anaconda - Facts . shtml TAGS Amazon Rainforest Animals Anacondas Green anaconda Predators Snakes Water Boa 6 COMMENTS Anonymous Dec 19 , 2018 at 6 : 52 pm more facts Reply RAINBOW105 Feb 24 , 2017 at 8 : 36 pm wow Reply Anonymous Oct 26 , 2016 at 6 : 20 pm its wierd Oct 6 , 2016 at 10 : 17 am cool ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! heather Sep 29 , 2016 at 1 : 23 am I like it i just wish it was more videox Prakash Meghwal Apr 30 , 2016 at 5 : 50 pm intresting | [
"Anaconda Facts",
"heaviest snake",
"reticulated python"
] |
http://iphoneus.org/faq/my-iphone-5-battery-runs-out-really-quickly.html | My iPhone 5 battery runs out really quickly ? James I just got my iPhone for Christmas and the battery is terrible . It is fast and does everything fine but the battery lasts like 2 hours . I have turned my brightness down and Bluetooth off etc and the battery is still bad . It drained 30 % today in about 20 mins and it also takes about 30 mins to charge . Is there anything I can do or is there a problem with my phone . Jacob Before you go to sleep , put it on charge and leave until morning . Rayquaza It ' s apple what do you expect ? Best think to do is get a new phone not an apple one though the are rubbish but if you still want to have one buy a new battery if you can get yours out as you may over charged it x Guest Hmm … Do you frequently close apps out ? If you do n ' t that could be a drain on your battery . If you do n ' t know how , just double tap the home button , and the screen will slide up to reveal all the apps still open , then just hold down and erase them , it wo n ' t delete the app for real , it ' ll just close it out . also , if you have a bad connection or do a lot of roaming , or if your phone is always trying to find and connect to Wi - Fi , that could be a drain on your battery life also . If the problems persist , take it to the phone store you got it from , and ask for help from there , they should be able to help or guide you in the right direction . JACK I ' m having the same issue with my iPhone 5 . I got it as a Christmas present but a month early and mine is shocking too . Though iOS 6.2 was released a few weeks ago and it ' s in the news that is effecting a lot of the iPhone 5 users . But try some of these : * Double tap the home button when unlocked , hold onto your apps until they jiggle and then tap the red circle to close them down properly ( If you have n ' t already ) * Turn off LTE * Turn off push notifications for apps there ' s no need for * Turn off certain iCloud settings * Run your battery down to 0 % and then charge it up to 100 % undisturbed * Totally reset your device and start again * Reset your network settings For some people , they work , for others they do n ' t . I always run down to 0 % anyway , I only sorted out app notifications today so it might fix , but the rest of them I ' ve tried and it has made no difference . If not , I would wait and see what updates Apple release within the next coming weeks / months and see if they fix battery issues , if not , then I might take a visit to an Apple store , even though my nearest ones are 39 Also , I ' ve asked these three questions below in three different categories just earlier , so if you want to keep watching those to check and see if I get different answers to you and I ' ll add this one to my watch list too for the same reason , let ' s hope we get the answers and help we need ! Guest If you leave it in you jeans trousers poket , will absorb heat your body heat , that ' s effect your battery My science teacher said that you ca n ' t always have your phone charged there will be no space for it to build up memory . 31.01.2018 My iphone 5 is fairly new and runs out so quickly . I barely use it . I will try the app thing , although I do n ' t use apps hardly . I ' m very disappointed in it . My GS3 ran for ages before the battery went down . Much better phone . Why is my iPhone 6 battery all of a sudden draining really quickly ? About a week ago I noticed my iPhone battery would drain very fast even if I have n ' t used it . I ' m up to date with the newest iOS and everything else seems to be normal . Any ideas what could be wrong ? Why does my iPhone 5 battery run out so quickly ? Recently these past few months my white iPhone 5 battery has been running down very quickly , lasts up to 2 - 3 hours then turns itself off , then ill turn it back on moments later and it will say something like 14 % battery left when it was on 1 % . Ill charge it over night so in the morning Ill leave the house with it on 100 % percent and within 2 - 3 hours is almost dead ! Someone help ! I have n ' t got that many apps I deleted the music apps Why does my iPhone 4 battery run out so quickly ? I have an iPhone 4 running IOS 7 , and my battery runs or way to quickly . I did all the things in the settings that are supposed to help battery life but they did n ' t work . I also always close out of my apps . Is it just IOS 7 , or do I need a new battery . It runs out at a rate of about 1 % / per one and a half minutes on usage , and 10 % / hr on standby . My iPhone runs out of power quickly ? My iPhone dies in power pretty quickly . It can be 100 % at the start of the day , then after a few hours of use , it ' s down to 40 - 50 % . Then 0 % . Is there something wrong with my iPhone ? Ken D : Never heard of Sarah P , but I ' m from Australia . Lol | [
"iPhone 5",
"battery"
] |
http://ipledgeallegiance.com/ | I Pledge Allegiance . com I Pledge Allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands , one Nation under God , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all There are few verses that have been memorized by so many people and uttered as often as the thirty - one word Pledge of Allegiance . Every morning school children , across the United States of America , place their hand across their chest , above their heart and , in unison , recite the Pledge . Because the Pledge as become so ingrained in our daily life , like so many other things , we can habituate to its presence and stop paying attention to its deep meaning . This site is intended to help maintain awareness of the profound importance of the Pledge . Home Spanish French German Creole Portugese School Links Political Links | [
"Pledge Allegiance"
] |
http://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/series600/rpd638/ | Reports on Plant Diseases RPD No . 638 - Firethorn ( Pyracantha ) Scab March 2000 Symptoms ] [ Disease Cycle ] [ Control Scab is a widespread and unsightly disease of the commonly grown shrub firethorn , or Pyracantha . The disease , caused by the fungus Spilocaea pyracanthae , affects the brilliantly colored orange - red fruits as well as the leaves and stems . It is most likely to occur when spring and summer weather is cool and moist . Symptoms Scab appears as velvety , sootlike areas on the shiny green leaves ( Figure 1 ) . Affected leaves first turn yellow and then dark brown , and they finally drop prematurely . Black lesions may also form on the newly elongated twig growth and cause girdling and twig dieback . When young fruits are infected , they shrivel and fail to mature . If infection occurs on older , more mature fruit , the brilliant orange - red color turns black and the skin becomes rough , scabby , and unsightly ( Figure 2 ) . The blackening of Back to Top Click on images for larger versions Figure 1 . scab on leaves in home nursery . Figure 2 . Scab infection on ripe orange berries . Disease Cycle The scab fungus overwinters in and on diseased stems , affected fruits , and leaves that remain attached . In spring and early summer , large numbers of microscopic spores ( conidia ) are formed on the diseased plant parts . The conidia are disseminated mostly by splashing water . Germination of the spores , penetration of host tissues , and disease development occur when the host plant is covered with a film of moisture , such as might be produced by heavy dews or prolonged light rains . Back to Top Control Grow adapted , scab - resistant firethorn cultivars . Most firethorn cultivars are adapted to USDA hardiness zones 6 and higher ( average annual minimum temperature is - 10 ° F or warmer ) . However , very hardy cultivars are able to survive into zone 5 ( - 20 ° to - 10 ° F ) . Thus , the southern half of Illinois , or protected areas elsewhere in the state , are best suited for growing firethorn . According to Michael Dirr ( Manual of Woody Landscape Plants : Their Identification , Ornamental Characteristics , Culture , Collect and burn or haul away with the trash all diseased parts during the autumn or winter . Sanitation helps to eliminate overwintering sources of inoculum but will not adequately control the disease . In addition to growing resistant cultivars and practicing sanitation , apply one of the fungicides suggested in the Illinois Commercial Landscape and Turfgrass Pest Management Handbook or Illinois Homeowner � s Guide to Pest Management . Thoroughly spray all aboveground parts of each plant , including both surfaces of the leaves . Start as the buds break open in the spring , and continue until about two weeks after the flower petals fall . The fungicide must be present on the leaves , stems , and fruit prior to rainfall to provide maximum protection from spores that are distributed by splashing water . Spray to the point of runoff ( plants begin to drip ) . When spraying the hard - to - wet leaves , stems , and fruits , add a small amount of a commercial spreader - sticker ( surfactant ) if your preparation does not already contain a surfactant . Follow the directions on the container label . For further information concerning diseases of ornamental plants , contact Nancy R . Pataky , Extension Specialist and Director of the Plant Disease Clinic , Department of Crop Sciences , University of Illinois , Urbana - Champaign . University of Illinois Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment . | [
"Scab",
"Firethorn",
"Spilocaea pyracanthae"
] |
http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7408.html | UC IPM Home > Homes , Gardens , Landscapes , and Turf > Scales How to Manage Pests Pests in Gardens and Landscapes Scales Revised 9 / 14 In this Guideline : Identification Life cycle Damage Management About Pest Notes Publication Glossary Black scales . Greedy scale . Female European fruit lecanium scale , one overturned to reveal eggs . Tiny crawlers of San Jose scale . Sooty mold on oak leaves . Scales are sucking insects that insert their tiny , strawlike mouthparts into bark , fruit , or leaves , mostly on trees and shrubs and other perennial plants . Some scales can seriously damage their host , while other species do no apparent damage to plants even when scales are very abundant . The presence of scales can be easily overlooked , in part because they do not resemble most other insects . IDENTIFICATION Adult female scales and immatures ( nymphs ) of most species are circular to oval , wingless , and lack a separate head or other easily recognizable body parts . Some scales change greatly in appearance as they grow , and some species have males and females that differ in shape , size , and color . Adult males are rarely seen and are tiny , delicate , white to yellow insects with one pair of wings and a pair of long antennae . Some scale species lack males and the females reproduce without mating . Armored scales and soft scales are the most common types ( or families ) . Scales in other families include important pests of cactus , elm , oak , sycamore , and various conifers . Common scales and their tree and shrub hosts are listed in Tables 1 – 3 . Color photographs for 200 scale species and detailed discussion of these and others are available in the California Department of Food and Agriculture publications by Gill listed in References Cottony cushion scale , European elm scale , soft scales , and certain other scales secrete sticky honeydew . Armored scales , oak pit scales , and sycamore scale do not excrete honeydew . It is important to correctly distinguish the scale family ( e.g. , armored versus soft scale ) and often the particular species of scale to determine whether control is warranted ; and if so , what methods and timing of control action are effective . For example , sago palms can be infested by the similar - looking cycad scale and oleander scale . Even very Armored Scales see photo gallery Armored scales , family Diaspididae , have a flattened , platelike cover that is less than 1 / 8 inch in diameter . The covers often have a differently colored , slight protuberance ( exuviae or “ nipple ” ) and concentric rings may form as nymphs ( immatures ) grow and their cover enlarges . The actual insect body is underneath the cover ; if you remove the cover , the insect body will remain on the plant . Armored scales do not produce honeydew . Damaging species include cycad scale , euonymus scale , oystershell scale , and San Jose Soft Scales see photo gallery Soft scales , family Coccidae , grow up to 1 ⁄ 4 inch long and have a smooth , cottony , or waxy surface . At maturity , soft scales are usually larger and more rounded and convex ( humped ) than armored scales . Their surface is the actual body wall of the insect and can not be removed ; flipping the cover removes the insect body and cover together . Soft scales and certain other types feed on phloem sap and excrete abundant , sticky honeydew , which drips on plants and surfaces underneath and promotes the growth of blackish Scale Look - Alikes Various other organisms resemble scales but have different biology and management . These include California laurel aphid ( Euthoracaphis umbellulariae ) coconut mealybug ( Nipaecoccus nipae ) cypress bark mealybug ( Ehrhornia cupressi ) palm aphid ( Cerataphis brasiliensis ) , whitefly nymphs , and psyllids , such as lemongum lerp psyllid ( Cryptoneossa triangula ) and redgum lerp psyllid ( Glycaspis brimblecombei ) . Diamond “ scale , ” which infests palms , is actually the fruiting bodies of a blackish fungus ( Phaeochoropsis neowashingtoniae ) LIFE CYCLE Scales hatch from an egg and typically develop through two nymphal instars ( growth stages ) before maturing into an adult . Each instar can change greatly as it ages , so many scales appear to have more than two growth stages . At maturity , adult females produce eggs that are usually hidden under their bodies , although some species secrete their eggs externally under prominent cottony or waxy covers . Eggs hatch into tiny crawlers ( mobile first instar nymphs ) , which are yellow to orangish in most species . Crawlers walk over the plant surface , Settled nymphs may spend their entire life in the same spot without moving as they mature into adults . Nymphs of some species can move slowly , such as soft scales that feed on deciduous hosts and move from foliage to bark in the fall before leaves drop . For species with multiple generations , all scale life stages may be present throughout the year in areas with mild winters . Armored Scales Most species of armored scales have several generations a year and overwinter primarily as first instar nymphs and adult females . Except for crawlers and adult males , armored scales lack obvious appendages and spend their entire life feeding at the same spot . Soft Scales Most soft scales have one generation each year and overwinter as second instar nymphs . The brown soft scale is an exception ; it has multiple generations and females and nymphs can be present throughout the year . Most immature soft scales retain their barely visible legs and antennae after settling and are able to move , although slowly . DAMAGE Some scale species , when abundant , weaken a plant and cause it to grow slowly . Infested plants appear water stressed , leaves turn yellow and may drop prematurely , and plant parts that remain heavily infested may die . The dead brownish leaves may remain on scale - killed branches , giving plants a scorched appearance . If the scale produces honeydew , this sticky excrement , sooty mold , and the ants attracted to honeydew can annoy people even when scales are not harming the plant . The importance of infestations depends on the scale species , the plant species and cultivar , environmental factors , and natural enemies . Populations of some scales can increase dramatically within a few months when the weather is warm , and honeydew - seeking ants protect scales from their natural enemies . Plants are not harmed by a few scales and even high populations of certain species apparently do not damage plants . MANAGEMENT Many species are usually well controlled by beneficial predators and parasites ( natural enemies ) . Exceptions are when natural enemies are disrupted by ants , dust , or the application of persistent broad - spectrum insecticides . Preserving ( conserving ) parasites and predators ( such as by controlling pest - tending ants ) may be enough to bring about gradual control of certain scales as natural enemies become more abundant . A well - timed and thorough spray of horticultural ( narrow - range ) oil during the dormant season , or soon after scale crawlers are active in late winter to early summer , can provide good control of most species of scale . Certain scale problems on large plants and hosts especially sensitive to scale damage may warrant the application of a systemic insecticide . If plants perform poorly or are repeatedly damaged by pests , the best course of action may be to replace the plant with a pest - resistant species or cultivar that is better adapted Monitoring Periodically check to ensure that plants have a good growing environment and are receiving appropriate cultural care . Inspect plants to determine whether female scales , nymphs , honeydew , sooty mold , or ants and other pests are present . Before applying insecticide , examine a portion of the scales to determine whether they are dead or parasitized as described below ; for example , they fail to exude fluid when squished . If a large proportion of scales are dead or parasitized by natural enemies , consider delaying a treatment decision and monitor the population again later before Inspect trunks for ants periodically during the growing season . If the descending ants have swollen , almost translucent abdomens , they may be feeding on honeydew produced by scales or other insects . Trace back trail - making ants to locate colonies of the honeydew - producing insects . There are no quantitative action guidelines for deciding whether pesticide application for scales is warranted . Monitor and record scale densities and use the density that caused damage ( dieback or unacceptable honeydew ) as your preliminary control action threshold . As you gain experience , refine this threshold over time for your local situation . Tape Traps Transparent double - sided sticky tape can be used to effectively time a foliar insecticide application . During the spring before crawlers begin to emerge , tightly encircle each of several scale - infested twigs or branches with transparent tape that is sticky on both sides , available at fabric or craft stores . Double over the loose end of the tape several times to make it easier to remove . Place a tag or flagging near each tape so you can readily find it . Change the tapes at weekly intervals . After removing the old tape , wrap Scale crawlers get stuck on the tape and appear as yellow or orange specks . Examine the tape with a hand lens to distinguish the crawlers ( which are round or oblong and have very short appendages ) from pollen and dust . Use a hand lens to examine the crawlers beneath mature female scales on bark or foliage to be certain of crawler appearance . Other tiny creatures , including mites , may also be caught in the tape . Visually compare the tapes collected on each sample date . If a spring or summer foliar insecticide application is planned , unless another time is recommended for that species , spray after crawler production ( abundance in traps ) has peaked and definitely begun to decline , which is soon after most crawlers have settled . Honeydew Monitoring Honeydew drippings from plants can be efficiently monitored using water - sensitive paper , which is commonly used for monitoring insecticide droplets and calibrating sprayers . Products include bright yellow cards that produce distinct blue dots upon contact with honeydew or water . Regularly monitoring honeydew beneath plants , such as the number of drops during four hours on the same time of day once a week , can help to develop thresholds and evaluate effectiveness of the treatment . Honeydew monitoring is useful where there is a low tolerance for dripping honeydew , when managing many trees , such Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs Cultural Control Provide plants with good growing conditions and proper cultural care , especially appropriate irrigation , so they are more resistant to scale damage . You can prune off heavily infested twigs and branches , if they are limited to a few parts of small plants . In areas with hot summers , pruning to open up canopies can reduce populations of black scale , citricola scale , cottony cushion scale , and possibly other scales by increasing scale mortality from exposure to heat and parasites . Consider replacing problem - prone plants . Biological Control Scales are preyed upon by small parasitic wasps and many predators , including certain beetles , bugs lacewings , and mites . Predatory lady beetle ( ladybug ) species of Chilocorus Hyperaspis , and Rhyzobius , can easily be overlooked because the adults of many species are tiny or colored and shaped like scales , and their larvae may feed hidden beneath scales . Hyperaspis species are tiny , shiny , black lady beetles with several red , orange , or yellow spots on the back . Rhyzobius lophanthae has a reddish head and underside and a grayish back densely covered with tiny hairs . The twicestabbed lady beetle Chilocorus orbus , is shiny black with two red spots on its back . Often the most important natural enemies of scales are parasitic wasps , including species of Aphytis Coccophagus Encarsia , and Metaphycus . The female wasp lays one or several eggs in or on each scale , where the tiny maggotlike wasp larvae feed . Parasitized scales may become puffy or darken in comparison with unparasitized scales . Sometimes the immature parasites are visible through the scale surface . After completing the larval stage and pupating , the emerging adult of internal parasites typically leaves a round exit hole in the scale it killed . With external parasites that feed outside the scale body , but under the cover of armored scales , their maggotlike larvae may be observed by prying off the scale cover . Natural enemies are commercially available for release against California red scale and perhaps certain other scales . However , conserving resident natural enemies is a more efficient and longer lasting strategy than buying and releasing beneficials in gardens and landscapes . Ant control , habitat manipulation , and pesticide management are the key natural enemy conservation strategies . If ants are abundant , selectively control them . Grow a variety of flowering plants to help attract and support natural enemies . Adults of predatory bugs , lacewings , lady beetles , and parasitic wasps live longer , lay more eggs , and kill more scales when they have plant nectar or pollen and insect honeydew to feed on . Avoid creating dust because it interferes with natural enemies . For example , rinse small plants when foliage becomes dusty . Depending on the scale species and the extent to which biological control has been disrupted , it will take several months of conservation efforts ( such as controlling ants and dust and avoiding application of persistent insecticides ) or until the next season or longer before scale populations are reduced by biological control . If current levels of scales are intolerable , spray insecticidal oils to reduce scale populations while conserving natural enemies . Ant Control Because ants attack and feed on scale parasites and predators , control ants if they are tending scales . To deny ants access to plant canopies , prune branches or weeds that provide a bridge between buildings or the ground and apply a sticky material ( Tanglefoot ) to trunks . Wrap the trunk with a collar of fabric tree wrap , heavy paper , or masking tape to avoid injury to bark ; wedge pliable wrap snugly into cracks and crevices ; and coat the wrap with the sticky material . A barrier band about 2 to 6 inches wide should be adequate in most situations . Inspect wraps at least several times a year for damage to bark and remove and relocate any wrap at least once a year to minimize bark injury . Periodically stir sticky material with a stick to prevent ants from crossing on collected debris . Avoid applying sticky material to horizontal surfaces where birds may roost . Place enclosed pesticide baits ( insecticide mixed with an attractant ) near nests or on ant trails beneath plants . Effective , slow - acting bait insecticides work over a period of days so that before ants die they will spread the toxicant among many other ants during food sharing . Boric acid , fipronil , and hydramethylnon are examples of insecticides used in ant baits . Although baits require users to be patient , they can be much more effective than sprays . Sprays only kill foraging workers , while ant baits are carried back to the nests where Pest Notes : Ants for more information . Chemical Control Before applying insecticide , make sure plants are receiving appropriate cultural care and take steps to conserve natural enemies . Check a portion of the scales to be certain they are alive and to evaluate the extent of parasitism as described above . To know how and when to effectively make an application , learn more about the available insecticides and the biology of your pest species . Completely read and follow the product label instructions for the safe and effective use of the insecticide . Insecticides can have unintended effects , such as contaminating water , poisoning natural enemies Nonresidual , Contact Insecticides Where plants can be sprayed , complete spray coverage of infested plant parts with horticultural oil at the proper time provides good control of most scales . Horticultural oils ( e.g. , Bonide Horticultural Oil and Monterey Horticultural Oil ) are specially refined petroleum products , often called narrow - range , superior , or supreme oils . Other nonpersistent , contact sprays for garden and landscape plants include insecticidal soap ( Safer Brand Insect Killing Soap Concentrate II ) , neem oil ( Bayer Advanced Natria Neem Oil Concentrate , Green Light Neem , Garden Safe Brand Neem ) These insecticides have low toxicity to people and pets and relatively little adverse impact on the populations of pollinators and natural enemies and the benefits they provide . To obtain adequate control , thoroughly wet the infested plant parts with spray , typically shoot terminals and the underside of leaves . More than one application per growing season may be needed , especially if the targeted pest has more than one generation a year . Thorough spray coverage is especially critical when treating armored scales and oak pit scales as these scales are generally less susceptible to pesticides than soft Dormant Season To control most scales overwintering on deciduous woody plants , thoroughly spray the bark of terminal shoots with oil during winter . For oak pit scales , sycamore scale , and other harder to control species , spray during the plant ’ s delayed - dormant period , which is after the buds swell but before buds open . Do not spray oystershell or olive scales during the dormant season because susceptible stages of these species are not present during winter . Foliage Spray Horticultural oil is effective in spring or summer on deciduous plants when sprayed soon after most crawlers have emerged and most scales are in the young nymph stage . Late spring and summer are also the times to spray avocado , citrus , and many other broadleaf evergreens . Thoroughly cover with spray the plant parts where scales occur , typically on twig terminals and the underside of leaves . Precautions on Using Oils Follow product labels , which may say to not spray certain plant species or mix oil with certain other products . For example , oil will remove the desirable bluish tinge from blue spruce foliage , although the plant ’ s health is not impaired . Do not mix oil with chlorothalonil , sulfur , and certain other fungicides ; and do not apply oil within 3 weeks of an application of sulfur - containing compounds , such as wettable sulfur . Do not apply oil or other insecticides when it is foggy , freezing ( under 32 ° F Systemic Insecticides Systemic insecticides are absorbed by one plant part ( e.g. , trunks or roots ) and moved ( translocated ) to leaves and other plant parts . In comparison with systemics that are sprayed onto foliage , products labeled for soil drench or injection , or for trunk injection or spray minimize environmental contamination and may be more effective than contact insecticides . Trunk application of an effective systemic insecticide can provide relatively rapid control . There is a longer time delay between soil application and insecticide action . Some uses require hiring a professional pesticide applicator . Certain home Systemic insecticides for use on landscape plants include neonicotinoids ( acetamiprid , dinotefuran , imidacloprid , and thiamethoxam ) and the organophosphate acephate ( Lilly Miller Ready - to - Use Systemic , Orthene ) . Properly applied , one application of an effective product may provide season - long control . However , neonicotinoids vary in effectiveness for scale control . For example , acetamiprid ( Ortho Flower , Fruit & Vegetable Insect Killer ) controls soft scales but is not very effective on armored scales and can only be applied by spraying foliage . Imidacloprid controls European elm Some systemic insecticides can cause spider mite outbreaks . Foliage sprays of systemics can be toxic to beneficial insects that contact spray or treated leaves . Systemics can translocate into flowers and have adverse effects on natural enemies and pollinators that feed on nectar and pollen . Do not apply systemic insecticides to plants during flowering or shortly before flowering ; wait until after plants have completed their seasonal flowering unless the product ’ s label directions say otherwise . With foliage spraying and soil application , when possible , wait until nearby plants also have completed flowering as spray When applying systemic insecticide , use soil application or a trunk spray whenever possible . With trunk injection and implantation it is difficult to repeatedly place insecticide at the proper depth . Trunk injection and implantation also injure woody plants and can spread plant pathogens on contaminated tools . When injecting or implanting into multiple plants , scrub any plant sap from tools or equipment that penetrate bark and disinfect tools with a registered disinfectant ( e.g. , bleach ) before moving to work on each new plant . At least one to two minutes of disinfectant contact time between contaminated uses is generally Residual , Foliar Sprays Foliar sprays of broad - spectrum insecticides with residues that can persist for weeks are not recommended for scale control in landscapes and gardens . Pesticides to avoid include carbamates ( carbaryl or Sevin ) , nonsystemic organophosphates ( malathion ) , and pyrethroids ( bifenthrin , fluvalinate , permethrin ) . These are highly toxic to natural enemies and pollinators and can cause outbreaks of spider mites or other pests . Because their use in landscapes and gardens can run or wash off into storm drains and contaminate municipal wastewater , these insecticides are being found in surface water TABLE 1 . Some Common Armored Scales ( Diaspididae ) , Their Impact in California , and the Principal Hosts . ( Common Name Scientific Name Susceptible Hosts and Impact Hosts That Usually are not Damaged California red scale Aonidiella aurantii citrus highly susceptible in Central Valley , biologically controlled in Southern California acacia , boxwood , eugenia , euonymus , grape , magnolia , mulberry , olive , palm , podocarpus , privet , rose cycad scale Furchadaspis zamiae cycads ( sago palm ) severely damaged bird - of - paradise euonymus scale Unaspis euonymi Euonymus japonica highly susceptible Euonymus kiautschovica ( = E . sieboldiana ) tolerant , E . alata unaffected greedy scale Hemiberlesia rapax generally not damaging acacia , bay , boxwood , ceanothus , fruit trees , holly , ivy , laurel , magnolia , manzanita , palm , pepper tree , pittosporum , pyracantha , redbud , strawberry tree , willow and others latania scale Hemiberlesia lataniae generally not damaging , except on kiwifruit acacia , avocado , Cedrus , English ivy , euonymus , Fatsia , fuchsia , gladiolus , grevillea , Kentia , philodendron , rose , Rubus Salix , yucca and others minute cypress scale Carulaspis minima Cupressus sempervirens highly susceptible arborvitae , cypress , juniper obscure scale Melanaspis obscura not damaging , biologically controlled chestnut , oaks , pecan oleander scale Aspidiotus nerii generally not damaging , prefers aucuba , cycad or sago palm , ivy , oleander , and olive bay , boxwood , holly , laurel , magnolia , manzanita , maple , mulberry , pepper tree , redbud , yew , yucca olive scale Parlatoria oleae not damaging , biologically controlled olive oystershell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi poplars and willows especially susceptible alder , aspen , box elder , boxwood , ceanothus , cottonwood , most deciduous fruit and nuts , holly , maple , sycamore purple scale Lepidosaphes beckii citrus San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus nut and stone fruit trees can be seriously damaged , also rose growing near these other hosts acacia , aspen , citrus , cottonwood , most maple , mulberry , poplar , pyracantha , strawberry tree , willow walnut scale Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae walnut TABLE 2 . Some Common Soft Scales ( Coccidae ) , Their Impact in California , and the Principal Hosts . ( Common Name Scientific Name Susceptible Hosts and Impact Hosts That Usually are not Damaged black scale Saissetia oleae sometimes annoyingly abundant on its hosts away from the coast and if ant - tended aspen , bay , citrus , cottonwood , coyote bush , holly , maple , mayten , oleander , olive , palm , pear , pepper tree , pistachio , poplar , privet , stone fruit , strawberry tree brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum annoyingly abundant if ant - tended , on avocado , citrus , holly , manzanita , palm aspen , cottonwood , poplar , stone fruit , strawberry tree , willow calico scale Eulecanium cerasorum liquidambar sometimes damaged box elder , maple , stone fruit , walnut citricola scale Coccus pseudomagnoliarum citrus and hackberry sometimes damaged in Central Valley biologically controlled in Southern California European fruit lecanium , also called brown apricot scale Parthenolecanium corni annoyingly abundant sometimes alder , almond , aspen , cottonwood , elm , grape , pear , pistachio , poplar , stone fruit , toyon , walnut frosted scale Parthenolecanium pruinosum walnut sometimes damaged ash , birch , elm , laurel , locust , pistachio , rose , sycamore green shield scale Pulvinaria psidii occasional pest on its hosts in Los Angeles and Orange Counties aralia , begonia , camellia , croton , eugenia , gardenia , hibiscus , laurel fig or Indian laurel ( Ficus retusa ) , pepper tree , pittosporum , plumeria , Schefflera irregular pine scale Toumeyella pinicola Monterey pine infested , mostly in Bay Area other pines Kuno scale Eulecanium kunoense stone fruit sometimes damaged , especially plum cotoneaster , pyracantha , rose , walnut oak lecanium Parthenolecanium quercifex coast live oak other oaks tuliptree scale Toumeyella liriodendri deciduous magnolias and tuliptree ( yellow poplar ) highly susceptible linden wax scale , including barnacle and Chinese wax scales Ceroplastes spp . annoyingly abundant sometimes on Escallonia , gardenia , Geijera parviflora , and mayten California bay , coyote bush , holly , Mahonia , pepper tree TABLE 3 . Some Common Scales in Other Families , Their Importance in California , and the Principal Hosts . ( cochineal scale Dactylopius spp . ( Dactylopiidae ) prickly pear , Opuntia and Nopalea species ; severe decline and death other cacti cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi ( Monophlebidae ) 1 Cocculus laurifolius ; abundant honeydew and sooty mold , possible decline citrus , nandina , pittosporum , and many others ; usually biologically controlled 2 Ehrhorn ’ s oak scale Mycetococcus ehrhorni ( Asterolecaniidae ) evergreen oaks in southern California ; unhealthy looking canopy , slow growth , pale fungal mass European elm scale Eriococcus spurius ( Eriococcidae ) American and Chinese elms ; leaf yellowing , plant decline , and dieback other elms incense - cedar scale or Monterey cypress scale Xylococculus macrocarpae ( Xylococcidae ) Incense - cedar , Monterey cypress and other Cupressus species , and junipers ; foliage discoloring and dieback in native stands conifers in urban areas Kuwana oak scale Kuwania quercus ( Kuwaniidae ) blue oak ; bark roughening and flaking off oak pit scale Asterodiaspis spp . ( Asterolecaniidae ) 3 Quercus lobata , Q . douglasii , and Q . rober ; distorted terminals , dieback , and severe decline other oaks sycamore scale Stomacoccus platani ( Steingeliidae ) 4 California sycamore , London plane ; premature leaf drop , dieback , bark roughening and flaking off American sycamore 1 See Pest Notes : Cottony Cushion Scale UC ANR Publication 7410 2 Cottony cushion scale can harm “ Hosts Usually Not Damaged ” if natural enemies are disrupted , such as by application of certain persistent insecticides . 3 See Oak Pit Scales UC ANR Publication 7470 4 Sycamore Scale UC ANR Publication 7409 WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS REFERENCES Dreistadt , S . H . , J . K . Clark , and M . L . Flint . 2004 . Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs : An Integrated Pest Management Guide . Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 3359 . Fichtner , E.J. , M.W. Johnson . 2012 . Black Scale . Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat Res . Publ . 74160 . Flint , M . L . 1998 . Pests of the Garden and Small Farm : A Grower ’ s Guide to Using Less Pesticide . UC Statewide IPM Program . Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 3332 . Flint , M . L . , and S . H . Dreistadt . 1998 . Natural Enemies Handbook : The Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 3386 . Flint , M.L. , and K . Windbiel - Rojas . Retail Nursery and Garden Center IPM News ( PDF ) 4 ( 1 ) March 2014 . Geisel , P . , and E . Perry . 2013 . Oak Pit Scales . Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 7470 . Gill , R . J . 1988 . The Scale Insects of California Part 1 : The Soft Scales ( PDF ) Sacramento : Calif . Dept . Food Agric . Gill , R . J . 1993 . The Scale Insects of California Part 2 : The Minor Families Sacramento : Calif . Dept . Food Agric . Gill , R . J . 1997 . The Scale Insects of California Part 3 : The Armored Scales Grafton - Cardwell , E . E . 2012 . Cottony Cushion Scale Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 7410 . Rust , M . K . , and D . - H . Choe . 2012 . Ants Oakland : Univ . Calif . Div . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 7411 . Dreistadt , S . H . 2010 . Sycamore Scale . Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 7409 . PUBLICATION INFORMATION Scales UC ANR Publication 7408 Authors : J . N . Kabashima , UC Cooperative Extension , Orange and Los Angeles Counties ; and S . H . Dreistadt , UC Statewide IPM Program , Davis . Revised from a previous edition by J . G . Morse , Entomology , UC Riverside ; P . A . Phillips , UC IPM Program , emeritus , Ventura Co . ; and R . E . Rice , Entomology , emeritus , Kearney Agricultural Center , Parlier . Produced by University of California Statewide IPM Program PDF : To display a PDF document , you may need to use a PDF reader Top of page | [
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http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7441.html | UC IPM Home > Homes , Gardens , Landscapes , and Turf > Weed Management in Pests in Gardens and Landscapess How to Manage Pests Pests in Gardens and Landscapes Weed Management in Landscapes Revised 9 / 18 In this Guideline : Weed management before planting Weed management in established plantings About Pest Notes Publication Glossary Mallow and other weeds in an unmulched landscaped area . Mowing strips can prevent weeds from moving into other areas . Yellow nutsedge growing through a shallow layer of mulch . A sharp scuffle hoe will cut weeds near the soil surface . Organic mulch composed of shredded bark . Shielded sprayer . Weed management in landscaped areas is made difficult by the complexity of many plantings . Landscapes can include turfgrass , bedding plants , herbaceous perennials , shrubs , and trees . Usually more than one species is planted in the landscaped area , and there is often a mix of annual and perennial ornamentals . The great variety of ornamental species , soil types , irrigation systems , slopes , and use of mulches creates the need for a variety of weed management options . There is also public concern about the use of chemicals to control weeds and their The choice of specific weed management tactics depends on the weeds present and the types of turf or ornamentals planted in the area . Because of the many variables , weeds in landscape plantings are usually controlled by a combination of nonchemical and chemical methods . Use this publication as a practical review and guide to weed management options suited to planting beds and areas around trees and shrubs . Information on weed control methods that are more directed towards turfgrass can be found in Pest Notes : Weed Management in Lawns WEED MANAGEMENT BEFORE PLANTING An integrated approach using several methods is the most economical and effective means of controlling weeds . Develop a weed management plan for landscapes before planting by following these five basic steps : Site assessment . Before soil preparation and when weeds are visible , evaluate the soil and slope of the site so problems can be corrected or future problems anticipated before planting . Site characteristics to look for include drainage , soil compaction , shading , and water infiltration rate . Identify the weed species in the site , focusing on perennial weeds ( see REFERENCES ) . The best time to look for winter annual weeds is mid - to late winter ; perennials and summer annuals are easiest to identify in mid - to late summer . Site preparation . The most frequently overlooked aspect of a landscape maintenance program is site preparation . Control existing weeds , especially perennials , before any grading and development are started . Non - selective translocated herbicides ( ones that move from the site of application to other parts of the plant ) containing the active ingredient glyphosate ( e.g. Roundup ) or glufonsinate ( e.g. Leopard or Finale ) can be used to kill existing annual grasses and many types of perennial weeds . Non - selective contact herbicides , including synthetic active ingredients ( e.g. diquat - dibromide ) or organic Soil solarization can be used but the soil must be covered with clear plastic for 4 to 6 weeks . Solarization is most effective when done during the time of highest solar radiation — from June to August for much of California although later in some parts of the state ( see REFERENCES ) . The number of annual weeds can be reduced by irrigating the area after final grading , allowing the weeds to emerge . While the weeds are still small , remove them through shallow cultivation ( less than 1 inch deep ) , scrape them off the soil , or spray with a postemergence non - selective herbicide , and then repeating this process of irrigation , emergence , and removal two or three times more . This will greatly reduce annual weed competition and population size . Define the type of planting . Appropriate choice of plant types and landscape design can make it easier to manage weeds . For example , installing mowing strips , planter beds , and borders help to reduce weed encroachment and delineate planting types . Woody plants , especially those that are established , are more tolerant to most preemergence herbicides and close cultivation . Consequently , there are more weed control options if the planting consists entirely of woody plants , as opposed to herbaceous annuals or perennial plants , or a mixture of all three . Choosing drip or subsurface irrigation or microsprinklers over rotor and turf - type sprinkler heads will also help in reducing weeds , since the water is placed at or near plants . Rotor and turf - type sprinkler heads are designed to water large areas of turf such as lawns and playing fields , but in a landscaped area , there are often wider spaces between plants . In addition to wasting water , this type of irrigation will only encourage weeds to grow there . Do n ’ t bring in new weeds . Weeds are sometimes introduced in the soil brought to the landscape site , either when amending the soil or in the potting mix of transplants . Specify certified amendments ( US Composting Council Seal of Testing Assurance Program : compostingcouncil . org / seal - of - testing - assurance / ) and check new plants for weeds , especially perennials like purple and yellow nutsedge or field bindweed . Annual weeds can be removed by hand before planting but perennial weeds in a pot or tree box will create a long term weed management problem . Weed seeds can also be brought in on equipment . Washing or blowing off mowers , trimmers , and dirty shovels and hoes will help reduce the introduction of new weeds . Encourage rapid establishment of desired plants . Use the best management practices to get the plants established as quickly as possible so that they become competitive with weeds and more tolerant of herbicides applied to the site . Frequent weeding and keeping weeds from producing seeds in the landscape will greatly reduce overall weed populations . Using mulch will reduce the growth of annual weeds . Use preemergence herbicides only if needed . Soon after planting , once the soil has settled and if mulch is not used , preemergence herbicides can be applied . These herbicides have specific label uses regarding types of plants on which they can safely be applied and how they should be used . The sites listed on the label determine where the herbicide can legally be used . Herbicides may damage new plantings if not used correctly . Any weed seedlings that have emerged between transplanting and the preemergence herbicide application must be removed by hand or gentle hoeing as these will usually not be controlled by WEED MANAGEMENT IN ESTABLISHED PLANTINGS When developing a weed management plan for an existing planting or after an installation is in place , consider the types of landscape plants present and the weeds present and their life cycles ( annual , biennial , or perennial ) ( Table 1 ) . Effective weed control options in the landscape include hand - weeding and cultivation , mowing , mulching , saturated steam treatments , and chemical control . All of these methods may be used at one time or another as part of an integrated weed management program in landscape maintenance operations ( Table 2 ) . For instance , after elimination by hand - pulling , cultivation , or a postemergence herbicide application , the subsequent growth of annual weeds can be discouraged with mulches , preemergence herbicides , or both . Hot water , steam , and use of flamers is generally only effective for very small weeds and in specific types of sites such as sidewalk joints , along fence lines , and adjacent to edging materials . In small areas , it is usually more efficient to just hoe , mechanically trim , or hand remove weeds . Hand - weeding and Cultivation Cultivation ( hoeing ) and hand - weeding are useful to selectively remove weeds from ornamental plantings . Frequent removal of weeds when they are small and have not yet set seed will rapidly reduce the number of annual weeds over time . If weeds are scattered throughout the site , hand - weeding may be the preferred management method . Hand - weeding can be time - consuming , but should be included in all weed management programs to keep weeds from seeding . Hand - weeding must be repeated frequently until the plantings become established . Cultivation can damage ornamentals with shallow roots . When cultivating , avoid deep tilling , as this brings buried weed seeds to the soil surface where they are more likely to germinate . Perennial weeds are often spread by cultivation and should be controlled or removed by other methods . Flaming and Heating Young weeds in open areas also can be controlled with small flaming or infrared units . Propane burners are available that can be used to rapidly pass the heating element or flame over young weeds to kill them . Do not burn the weed to the ground ; usually 2 to 5 seconds of exposure is enough to kill plant cells . Check the plants 1 day after the heat treatment and if the plants still look healthy , reapply heat for a slightly longer time or choose another technique . Key to identifying weeds Weed Photo Gallery TABLE 1 . Common Weeds in Landscape Plantings . Annuals Biennials Perennials annual bluegrass medics ( black medic and burclover common groundsel + crabgrass ( large and smooth fireweed or willowherb little mallow ( cheeseweed ) burning nettle pigweed ( redroot and prostrate ) prickly lettuce purslane sowthistle + spurge ( prostrate creeping , and petty ) + wild barley wild oat bristly oxtongue asparagus fern Bermuda buttercup + bermudagrass creeping woodsorrel dandelion field bindweed kikuyugrass nutsedge ( yellow and purple ) + especially troublesome TABLE 2 . How to Manage Weeds in Five Types of Landscape Plantings . Type of planting and comments Recommendations Woody Trees and Shrub Beds . Dense plantings reduce weeds . Preplant weed control is not as critical as in other types of plantings . It is often necessary to combine treatments for complete weed control . Control perennial weeds before planting ( although control may be possible after planting ) . Use geotextile fabrics with a shallow layer of mulch or use a thick layer of mulch without a geotextile base . Use a preemergence herbicide , if needed , and supplement with spot applications of postemergence herbicides and / or hand - weeding . Remove perennial weeds by hand , spot applications of glyphosate or glufosinate , or grass - selective herbicide such as fluazifop . Woody Ground Cover Beds . Woody mature ground covers should exclude most weeds ; however , weed encroachment during establishment is likely . Control perennial weeds before planting , although perennial grasses may be selectively controlled after planting with fluazifop ( Fusilade , 1 Ornamec 1 ) , clethodim ( Envoy ) , sethoxydim ( Grass - Getter ) , or other selective grass herbicides . Control annual weeds with mulch . A preemergence herbicide can be added but rooting of stolons in new plantings may be affected ; supplement with some hand - weeding . Use geotextiles where possible but do not use them where ground covers are expected to root and spread . Annual Flower Beds . A dense planting will help shade out many weeds . Periodic cultivations ( at 3 - to 4 - week intervals and between display rotations ) will suppress many weeds . Control perennial weeds before planting and carefully select flower species for weed management compatibility . Control annual weeds with mulches , preemergence herbicides , frequent cultivation , and / or hand - weeding . Selectively control perennial grasses with clethodim or fluazifop , or other grass - selective herbicides . Avoid nonselective herbicides after planting . Herbaceous Perennial Beds . Weed management options in herbaceous perennial beds are similar to those for annual flowers , except ( 1 ) it is more important to eradicate perennial weeds as there will be no opportunity to cultivate or renovate the bed for several years ; and ( 2 ) fewer species are included on herbicide labels . Control perennial weeds before planting . Use geotextiles where possible . Use mulches , supplement with hand - weeding and preemergence herbicide after weeding if needed . Mixed Plantings of Woody and Herbaceous Plants . Weed management is complex because of the diversity of species . Different areas of the bed could receive different treatments . Site preparation is critical because post - plant herbicide choices are few . Plant the woody species first . Control perennial weeds in the first two growing seasons , then introduce the herbaceous species . Plant close together to shade the soil . Group plants within the bed that will receive similar weed management programs . Herbicides should not normally be needed by home gardeners . Mulching , removal by hand , and proper irrigation ( pattern and amount of water ) are sufficient in most cases . For use only by professional applicators . Flaming and heating are more effective on broadleaf weeds than grasses . Be careful not to flame dried out vegetation , dry wood chips , and other flammable materials , or near buildings . Do n ’ t get the flame near desired plants . Hot Water or Steam Treatments . Hot water or steam generation can also be used in a similar fashion . The advantage is less chance of fire , but these units need considerable water and fuel . A home gardener can apply hot water ( greater than 200 ° F ) and achieve a limited amount of weed suppression . This method is often not very effective because the water temperature rapidly drops once it is removed from the heat source . There are machines currently available that use superheated hot water or steam to kill weeds . Professional - level equipment is expensive to purchase and maintain , so these machines are not appropriate for the home user . However , commercial landscapers may find them useful in certain situations where the use of herbicides is not desired , such as when line - marking playing fields , in playgrounds , around woody plants , for edging , for weeds growing in cracks in parking lots , and for weeds growing along fence lines . Because these methods employ boiling water or steam , workers must be adequately trained in the use of These machines are most effective on very young annual weeds , especially broadleaf weeds , or perennials that have recently emerged from seeds . The effect is similar to that of a nonselective , postemergence herbicide . Hot water and steam are not very effective on perennial weeds with established storage organs , such as rhizomes and bulbs , nor do they control woody plants . Mowing and Trimming Mowing can be used to prevent the formation and spread of seeds from many broadleaf weeds from turf into the landscape areas by cutting off flower heads . However , weeds that flower lower than the mowing blade ( such as spotted spurge or common woodsorrel ) are not controlled . Repeated mowing tends to favor the establishment of grasses and low - growing perennial weeds . Mowing of some ground covers can rejuvenate them and make them more competitive against weeds . String and Blade Trimmers . The top growth of older weeds can be controlled by using a string or blade trimmer . Annual broadleaf weeds are more effectively controlled than annual grasses because the growing points of grasses are usually below ground . Most perennial weeds are not controlled using trimmers , but trimming will make them less noticeable in areas if you are limited in other methods for control . Prevent repeated damage to trunks of established woody perennials from the string trimmer by placing a temporary shield around the trunk . One way to create a shield is to place a segment of irrigation or drain pipe that is several inches in diameter and split lengthwise around the base of the trunk . Mulches A mulch is any material placed on the soil to cover and protect it . Mulches suppress annual weeds by limiting light required for weed establishment . Many types of landscape mulches are available . The most common are bark and other wood products and black plastic or landscape fabric materials . Other products that are used include paper , yard compost , hulls from nuts ( such as almonds ) or cereals ( rice ) , municipal composts , and stones . Organic Mulches . Organic mulches include wood chips , sawdust , yard waste ( leaves , clippings , and wood products ) , and hardwood or softwood bark chips or nuggets . Bark chips are moderate - sized particles ( 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 inch ) and have moderate to good ability to withstand decomposition , while bark nuggets are larger in size ( 1 / 2 to 1 1 / 2 inches ) and have excellent stability over time . All of these can be used in landscape beds planted with herbaceous or woody ornamentals . Larger mulch pieces ( greater The thickness or depth of mulch necessary to adequately suppress weed growth depends on the mulch type , the weed pressure , and whether an herbicide or an underlayment ( e.g. fabric , plastic ) mulch is to be used with it . The larger the particle size of the organic mulch , the greater the depth required to exclude all light from the soil surface . Coarse - textured mulches can be applied up to 4 inches deep and provide long - term weed control . Fine - textured mulches pack more tightly and should only be applied to If the mulch is too decomposed , it becomes a means of weed propagation rather than a means of prevention . Plan to periodically replenish organic mulches , regardless of particle size , because of decomposition , movement , or settling . If seedlings germinate in mulches , a light raking , hoeing , or hand - weeding will remove the young weeds . Bark mulches for ornamentals containing pre - applied herbicides are available for residential use . These should not be used on landscapes with food - producing plants . As with any pesticide , these products must be used with care to make sure the desired plants are not injured . Additionally , protective gloves must be worn when applying them . Inorganic Mulches . Including both natural and synthetic products , these mulches are generally more expensive and less widely used in the landscape . Natural inorganic mulches are stable over time and include materials such as sand , gravel , or pebbles . If using rock mulch , consider placing a landscape fabric underneath it . The fabric creates a layer between the mulch and soil , preventing rock pieces from sinking into the soil . It also prevents soil from moving above the rock layer , which would bring weed seed to the surface or create a suitable place for windborne seeds to grow . Black plastic ( solid polyethylene ) can be used underneath mulches to improve weed control . It provides excellent control of annual weeds and suppresses perennial weeds , but it lacks porosity and restricts air and water movement . It also tends to tear and break apart rather quickly . For this reason , black plastic is not the preferred long - term weed control method in landscape beds . Synthetic Mulches . Manufactured materials , called geotextiles or landscape fabrics , have been developed to replace black plastic in the landscape . Geotextiles are porous and allow water and air to pass through them , overcoming the major disadvantage of black plastic . Although these materials are relatively expensive and time - consuming to install , they become cost - effective if the planting is to remain in place for 4 or more years . Geotextiles are used mainly for long - term weed control around woody ornamental tree and shrub plantings . Geotextiles should not be used where the area is to be replanted periodically , such as in annual flower beds or in areas where the fabric would inhibit the rooting and spread of ground covers . Tree and shrub roots can penetrate the materials and if the material is removed , damage can occur to the plant ’ s root system . This might be a concern if a fabric has been in place longer than 5 years . One geotextile fabric ( BioBarrier ) has an herbicide encapsulated in nodules on the fabric that reduces root penetration problems . Placing a landscape fabric under mulch results in greater weed control than mulch used alone . There are differences in weed - controlling ability among the geotextiles : fabrics that are thin , lightweight , or have an open mesh allow for greater weed penetration than more closely woven or nonwoven ( spunbonded ) fabrics . To install a landscape fabric , plant first and then install the fabric afterwards using long U - shaped staples to peg it down . After laying the cloth close to the ground , cut an “ X ” over the plant and pull it through the cloth ) . If laying down a fabric before planting , cut an “ X ” through the fabric and dig a planting hole . Avoid leaving soil from the planting hole on top of the fabric because this could put weed seeds above the material . Fold the “ X ” back down to keep the geotextile fabric as continuous as possible . Weeds will grow through any gap in the landscape fabric , so it is important to overlap pieces of fabric and tack them down tightly . Apply a shallow mulch layer ( about 1 inch deep ) to thoroughly cover the fabric and prevent UV light from breaking it down ( photodegradation ) . If weeds grow into or through the geotextile , remove them when they are small to prevent them from creating holes in the fabric . Maintain a weed - free mulch layer on top of the fabric by hand - weeding or by applying herbicides . Special consideration should be given to the fact that yellow nutsedge can grow through most geotextiles . Thicker fabrics are better at suppressing yellow nutsedge than thinner types . For more information , see Pest Notes : Nutsedge listed in Problems with Mulches . There are several problems associated with the use of organic and inorganic mulches . Perennial weeds such as field bindweed and nutsedges often have sufficient root reserves to enable them to penetrate even thick layers of mulches . When mulches are too finely textured , applied too thickly , or begin to decompose , they stay wet between irrigations or rain events and allow annual weeds to germinate and grow directly within the mulch . For best weed control , use a coarse - textured mulch , with pieces of about 1 / 4 to 3 / 4 inch in TABLE 3 . Suggestions for Placement of Herbicide with an Organic Mulch . Herbicide Application Devrinol ( napropamide ) Under the mulch Dimension ( dithiopyr ) Best under mulch , but provides some control when applied on top of mulch Gallery ( isoxaben ) Best under the mulch , moderate control when applied on top of mulch OH2 ( pendimethalin + oxyfluorfen ) Works well both under or over mulch Pennant Magnum ( s - metolachlor ) Under the mulch Ronstar ( oxadiazon ) Over the mulch Rout ( oryzalin + oxyfluorfen ) Works well both under or over mulch Surflan ( oryzalin ) Best under the mulch but provides some control when applied on top of mulch Surflan + Gallery Under the mulch but will give a fair amount of control even when applied on top of mulch Treflan ( trifluralin ) Under the mulch XL2G ( oryzalin + benefin ) Applying mulches at depths of greater than 4 inches may injure plants by keeping the soil too wet and limiting oxygen to the plant ’ s roots . Disease incidence , such as root or stem rot , may increase when such thick mulches are maintained . While the use of organic mulches may provide very effective weed control , it can be improved upon by applying a preemergence herbicide at the same time as the mulch ( see Table 3 ) . Supplemental hand - weeding or spot spraying may also be needed . Avoid mulches with a pH less than 4 or that have an “ off odor ” such as an ammonia , vinegar , or rotten - egg smell . These mulches were stored incorrectly and contain chemical compounds that may injure plants , especially herbaceous plants . If using a composted mulch , temperatures achieved during the composting process should have killed most weed seeds . However , if the compost was stored while uncovered , weed seeds may have been blown onto the mulch . Be sure the mulch is not contaminated with weed seeds or other propagules such as nutsedge tubers . In addition to the precautions noted above about rock mulches , removal of weeds in rock mulches by hand weeding or hoeing is very difficult . White - colored rocks are very reflective , and this increased light can damage sensitive plants . Dark - colored rocks will retain heat and may also cause plant stress . Herbicides for Landscape Plantings Herbicides have been effectively used in many types of landscape plantings and are most often integrated with the cultural practices discussed above . Generally , home gardeners should not need to apply herbicides to existing landscapes . Hand - weeding and mulching should provide sufficient control and avoid the hazards to desirable plants associated with herbicide use . Many of the herbicide active ingredients and trade names listed here are for use by professional landscape pest managers and are not available to home gardeners . There are some home - use products that contain the same active ingredients , but the trade name is different . To determine which herbicide active ingredient ( s ) are in a product , read the information on the label . Preemergence Herbicides . After annual weeds have been removed from an area or before they emerge , preemergence herbicides can be applied to prevent the germination or survival of weed seedlings . Preemergence herbicides must be applied before the weed seedlings emerge . Match herbicides with weed species present and consider using herbicide combinations . The activity of specific herbicides toward specific weed species varies . Also , the length of control varies amongst herbicide active ingredients , rates of application , and other factors . Examples of preemergence herbicide active ingredients and trade names include : DCPA ( Dacthal ) , dithiopyr ( Dimension ) , isoxaben ( Gallery ) , napropamide ( Devrinol ) , oryzalin ( Surflan , Weed Impede ) , oxadiazon ( Ronstar ) , pendimethalin ( Pendulum , Pre - M ) , prodiamine ( Barricade ) , trifluralin ( Preen ) , flumioxazin ( Broadstar ) , and indaziflam ( Marengo ) . Most of these will control annual grasses and many annual broadleaf weeds and can be used safely around many woody and herbaceous ornamentals . Isoxaben is Timing . Timing of a preemergence herbicide application is determined by when the target weeds are expected to germinate , or by when the weed is in the stage that is most sensitive to the herbicide . In general , late summer to early fall applications of preemergence herbicides are used to control winter annuals , while late winter to early spring applications are used to control summer annuals and seedlings of perennial weeds . If the herbicide is not moved into soil due to lack of irrigation or insufficient rainfall or if a short residual ( short acting ) product was Herbicide and Mulch Placement . The placement of a preemergence herbicide in relation to an organic mulch can affect the herbicide ’ s performance . Additionally , the characteristics of organic mulches can affect how herbicides work . Mulch that is made up of coarse particles will have little effect on herbicide activity . A mulch that primarily consists of fine particles can reduce the availability of some herbicides . The finer the organic material ( compost or manure , compared to bark ) , the greater the binding of the herbicide . Many preemergence herbicides are tightly bound by organic matter , and while the binding minimizes leaching , it can also minimize an herbicide ’ s activity . Another important factor is the depth of the mulch . An herbicide applied on top of a thin mulch may be able to leach through to where the weed seeds are germinating , but when applied to the top of a thick layer of mulch it may not get down to the zone of weed seed germination . Suggestions for use of mulch with herbicides are given in Table 3 Postemergence Herbicides . When weeds are not controlled by preemergence herbicides or geotextile fabrics and are difficult to control using mechanical or physical methods , postemergence herbicides may be required . Most postmergence herbicides control existing plants only and do not give residual weed control . Their primary function is to control young annual species , but some are also used to control perennial species . Some herbicides are “ systemic ” or “ translocated , ” meaning they move throughout rapidly - growing plants . Common systemic herbicides include the herbicides with the active ingredients clethodim or fluazifop which selectively control most annual and perennial grasses , 2 , 4 - D which selectively controls many annual and perennial broadleaf plants , and glyphosate ( Roundup Pro and others ) which is nonselective and effective on most annual and perennial weeds . Glufosinate ( Finale or Leopard ) , diquat ( Reward ) , pelargonic acid ( Scythe ) , and herbicides containing plant oils such as clove and cinnamon ( Bonide Burnout ) or limonene ( Avenger ) , or those using fatty acids ( FinalSan ) or acetic acid ( Weed Pharm ) are nonselective , contact herbicides that kill or injure any vegetation they contact . They kill small annual weeds , but only “ burn off ” the exposed parts of perennial weeds . They are most effective on small broadleaf weeds . When using contact herbicides , Avoid Herbicide Injury . Because of the close proximity of many different species of plants in the landscape , herbicide injury to desired plants may occur , resulting in visual plant damage . Herbicide injury symptoms vary according to plant species and the herbicide and can include the following : yellowing ( chlorosis ) whitening or bleaching root stunting distorted growth death of leaves There are many other causes of similar plant injury ; including nutrient deficiencies , fertilizer or salt burn , plant diseases , insect pests , and severe weather conditions . Herbicide injury usually occurs when an herbicide is applied to a site or plant where it is not labeled or at a rate or frequency greater than written on the label . Herbicide movement from an adjacent site via air or water can occur , so applicators should avoid harming nearby plants by using some of the techniques below . Granular formulations of preemergence herbicides are less likely to cause injury than sprayable formulations . Using a granular formulation reduces the potential for damage by foliar uptake , but granules of some herbicides can still injure plants if they collect in the base of leaves or adhere to wet leaves . Apply nonselective liquid herbicides with low pressure and large droplets on a calm day . Use shielded sprayers when making applications around ornamentals to avoid contact with nontarget plants . Herbicide injury to established plants from soil - applied chemicals is often temporary but can cause serious growth inhibition to newly planted ornamentals . Injury may result when persistent herbicides are applied to surrounding areas for weed control in turf or complete vegetative control under pavement . Activated charcoal incorporated into the soil may adsorb the herbicide and minimize injury . Usually it just takes time for herbicide residues to completely degrade . To speed degradation , supplement the organic content of the soil and keep it moist but not soggy during periods of warm weather . WARNING ON THE USE OF PESTICIDES Derr JF , et al . 1997 . Weed Management in Landscape and Nursery Plantings , from Weed Management and Horticultural Crops WSSA / ASHS Symposium . DiTomaso JM , Healy EA . 2007 . Weeds of California and Other Western States . UC ANR Publication 3488 . Oakland , CA . Dreistadt SH . 2016 . Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs : An Integrated Pest Management Guide . UC ANR Publication 3359 . Oakland , CA . UC IPM website . Weed Photo Gallery , an online photographic reference to many weeds commonly found in California . ( Accessed September 11 , 2018 . ) UC IPM website . The Pest Notes series has many relevant titles : Annual Bluegrass , Bermudagrass , Common Knotweed , Common Purslane , Crabgrass , Creeping Woodsorrel / Bermuda Buttercup , Dandelion , Dodder , Field Bindweed , Green Kyllinga , Kikuyugrass , Mistletoe , Nutsedge , Poison Oak , Plantains , Russian Thistle , Spotted Spurge , Weed Management in Lawns , Wild Blackberries . UC ANR Publications . Oakland , CA . ( Accessed September 11 , 2018 . ) Stapleton JJ , Wilen CA , Molinar RH . 2008 . Pest Notes : Soil Solarization for Gardens and Landscapes . UC ANR Publication 74145 . Oakland , CA . Whitson TD ( ed . ) . 2004 . Weeds of the West . Western Society of Weed Science . Newark , CA . PUBLICATION INFORMATION Weed Management in Landscapes UC ANR Publication 7441 AUTHORS : Cheryl A . Wilen , UC Statewide IPM Program / UC Cooperative Extension , San Diego County . TECHNICAL EDITOR : K Windbiel - Rojas ANR ASSOCIATE EDITOR : AM Sutherland EDITOR : B Messenger - Sikes Produced by University of California Statewide IPM Program PDF : To display a PDF document , you may need to use a PDF reader Top of page | [
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http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7463.html | UC IPM Home > Homes , Gardens , Landscapes , and Turf > Roses : Diseases and Abiotic Disorders How to Manage Pests Pests in Gardens and Landscapes Roses : Diseases and Abiotic Disorders Revised 5 / 09 In this Guideline : Leaf and shoot diseases and disorders Symptoms on flower petals and buds Cankers or growths on canes About Pest Notes Publication Glossary Powdery mildew on a rose . Downy mildew on a rose leaf . Rose rust appears as reddish brown spots on the lower leaf surface ( left and bottom ) and as yellow patches on the upper leaf surface ( right ) . Black spot causes dark blotches and yellowing . Rose mosaic disease has damaged this foliage . A variety of plant pathogens can attack roses . The most common problem in California is powdery mildew , but a number of other diseases including rust , black spot , botrytis , downy mildew , and anthracnose may cause problems where moist conditions prevail . To limit problems , choose varieties and irrigation practices carefully , promote air circulation by following appropriate pruning techniques and providing sufficient space between plants , and remove severely infested material promptly . Although some rose enthusiasts consider regular application of fungicides a necessary component of rose culture , many gardeners are able to sustain plants with little to no use of fungicides , especially in California ’ s dry interior valleys . In addition to diseases that bacterial , fungal , and viral pathogens cause , roses may display similar damage symptoms resulting from chemical toxicities , mineral deficiencies , or environmental problems . Such problems are termed abiotic disorders , and changing environmental conditions often can correct these symptoms . LEAF AND SHOOT DISEASES AND DISORDERS Powdery mildew , caused by the fungus Podosphaera ( previously Sphaerotheca ) pannosa var . rosae , produces white to gray powdery growth on leaves , shoots , sepals , buds , and occasionally on petals . Leaves may distort and drop . Powdery mildew does n ’ t require free water on plant surfaces in order to develop and is active during California ’ s warm , dry summers . Overhead sprinkling , such as irrigation or washing , during midday may limit the disease by disrupting the daily spore - release cycle yet allows time for foliage to dry before evening . The pathogen requires living tissue in order to survive , so pruning , collecting , and disposing of leaves during the dormant season can limit infestations although it may not entirely eradicate them , since airborne spores from other locations can provide fresh inoculation . Rose varieties vary greatly in resistance , with landscape ( shrub ) varieties among the most resistant . Glossy - foliaged varieties of hybrid teas and grandifloras often have good resistance to powdery mildew as well . Plants grown in sunny locations with good air circulation are less likely to have serious problems . Fungicides such as triforine ( Ortho Rosepride ) are available , but generally you must apply them to prevent rather than eradicate infections , so timing is critical and repeat applications may be necessary . In addition to synthetic fungicides , least - toxic fungicides are available , including horticultural oils , neem oil , jojoba oil , sulfur , potassium bicarbonate , and the biological fungicide Serenade . With the exception of the oils , these materials are primarily preventive , although potassium bicarbonate has some eradicant activity . Oils work best as eradicants but also have some protectant See the Pest Note : Powdery Mildew on Ornamentals for more details on management . Downy mildew , caused by the fungus Peronospora sparsa , requires a narrow range of temperature and humidity to thrive . Interveinal , angular purple , red , or brown spots appear on leaves , which then become yellow and drop . You occasionally may observe fruiting bodies of the fungus on the undersides of leaves . To reduce downy mildew , increase air circulation through pruning and avoid frequent overhead irrigation that results in foliage that stays wet . Control with fungicides is very difficult ; environmental management is much more likely to be effective . Because downy mildew requires moist , humid conditions , it is most likely to cause problems in coastal areas of California and , during a narrow period of time in spring and fall , in the Central Valley . Rust Phragmidium mucronatum ( formerly P . disciflorum ) , prefers cool , moist weather such as that found in coastal areas of California but also may be a problem inland during wet years . Infected plants have small , orange pustules on the undersides of leaves while the upper sides of leaves may discolor and drop . Avoid overhead watering and prune back severely affected canes . During the winter collect and dispose of any leaves remaining on the plants and those that have fallen off . Plants can tolerate low levels of damage without significant losses . You can use preventive applications of fungicides , but it may require frequent applications to keep plants rust free , which may not be justifiable in garden or landscape situations . Black spot Diplocarpon rosae , produces black spots with feathery or fibrous margins on the upper surfaces of leaves and stems . Small , black fruiting bodies often are present in spots on the upper sides of leaves . No fungal growth occurs on the undersides . This fungus requires free water to reproduce and grow , so do n ’ t allow leaves to remain wet for more than 7 hours . When hosing off aphids , do it in the morning or midday , so leaves have a chance to dry before evening . Provide good air circulation around plants . Remove fallen leaves and other infested material , and prune out infected stems during the dormant season . Black spot usually is not a problem in most of California . Miniature roses are more susceptible than other types , although a few varieties are reliably resistant to all strains of black spot . Apply fungicides such as chlorothalonil or triforine as preventatives . Oils , including neem oil , potassium bicarbonate , and sulfur , as discussed above under “ Powdery mildew , ” or neem oil also has been shown to be effective in reducing black spot . Anthracnose Sphaceloma rosarum , results in leaf spots . When first formed , spots are red or sometimes brown to purple . Later the centers turn gray or white and have a dark red margin . Fruiting bodies may appear in the middle of the spot , and the lesion may fall out creating a shot - hole symptom . No information on management is available . Hybrid teas and old - fashioned climbing and rambler roses are the most affected . Viruses and virus - like diseases occur wherever roses grow , although damage may be mostly cosmetic with little reduction in plant vigor . Rose mosaic disease ( RMD ) is named after the leaf symptoms infected roses display . Ringspots , line patterns , mosaics , and distortion or puckering are typical . Leaf symptoms will vary depending on which virus or viruses are present , the rose cultivar , the time of year , and growing conditions . Color break on flowers also can be symptomatic of rose mosaic disease . Visual symptoms also can be transient ; for example , hot , bright days can cause the symptoms to appear milder or disappear . The virus remains , and the plant becomes a symptomless carrier . RMD is the result of an infection with a number of different viruses , the most common being Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Apple mosaic virus . Arabis mosaic virus also can cause RMD . These viruses may be present alone or in various combinations , accounting in part for the array of symptoms observed on infected plants . An accurate diagnosis may require laboratory tests and biological indexing . A group of diseases of unknown causes that mimic some of the symptoms of mosaic were discovered in California and other parts of the United States . These diseases include rose ring pattern , rose spring dwarf ( RSD ) , and rose leaf curl . RSD causes rosetting or a balled appearance in the new growth following bud break . The leaves first emerging in the spring are recurved or very short and show conspicuous vein clearing or a netted appearance . These symptoms become less apparent as shoots eventually elongate . Canes may develop a zigzag pattern of growth as the season progresses . Recent studies have associated a new virus with this condition ; see the publication by N . Salem listed in References . Viruses present many problems to commercial rose growers . Rose gardeners , retailers and regulatory officials do n ’ t like the look of the symptoms . Cut flower producers may see a significant decrease in production and / or bloom quality , depending on the variety of rose and type of virus . Nursery plant producers may face rejection of interstate shipments ; destruction may become severe enough that large numbers of plants become unsalable . For homeowners , the problem largely is unsightly foliage , with possible decreased plant vigor and smaller and / or fewer flowers . The most common causes for the spread of these viruses are propagation procedures such as budding an infected scion onto a healthy understock or a healthy scion to an infected understock . Disease symptoms are n ’ t always obvious , which is why the use of virus - tested planting stock is advantageous . Some evidence indicates rose mosaic spreads in commercial rose plantings via root grafts . Many rose catalogs and books refer to “ virus - free ” roses . The science of plant virology has shown in recent years that most horticultural plants have cryptic viruses in them , the function and importance of which are n ’ t known . As more sophisticated virus - testing techniques have been developed , many “ virus - free ” programs discovered their stock was not as free of virus as thought . Foundation Plant Services ( FPS ) at UC Davis uses the term “ virus tested ” or “ specific virus tested , ” meaning tested for the specific viruses known to cause rose mosaic disease . FPS currently employs two virus - elimination techniques , heat therapy and meristem tissue culture , to re - establish a rose cultivar without the virus pathogens . Both are slow , time - consuming processes . Worldwide , plant material that has been tested for and found free of viruses known to cause disease symptoms is referred to as “ clean stock . For the home rose grower , no effective method exists for eliminating the viruses that cause rose mosaic disease . Use of virus - indexed stock — plants that have tested negative for these viruses by laboratory and field methods — for field propagation is the recommended preventative practice . Nutrient deficiencies cause specific symptoms such as leaves that yellow and older leaves that drop . Because many California soils have low percentages of organic matter , the nitrogen reserve typically is low , so you should add this nutrient as inorganic fertilizer or from organic sources . Micronutrient deficiencies , especially iron and zinc , appear as interveinal chlorosis of new leaves . These elements may be deficient , because soils are too wet or too alkaline or because the soil type , such as sandy loam , is low in micronutrient content . Because inorganic forms of iron and zinc form insoluble precipitates in alkaline soils , you can apply iron and zinc directly to foliage . You can apply iron and zinc in a chelated form to either soil or foliage . Nutrient excesses may limit rose growth if the total salt level becomes too high ; a value of less than or equal to 2 dS / m ( decisiemens per meter ) is recommended . Plants may show a lack of vigor and short shoots , although no definitive leaf symptoms may occur . However , if salt concentrations are found to be very high ( greater than 4 dS / m ) , you also may see browning of the leaves . A few nutrients cause specific toxicities . Boron , which can reach high levels in some California soils , will cause stunting of plants , chlorosis , and marginal browning of the newest leaves . A soil concentration of less than or equal to 1 part per million is recommended . Herbicide damage may manifest itself in a variety of symptoms , which include cupped , curled , or yellowed leaves , small leaves , or death of the entire plant . The herbicide class and dosage to the plant determine which symptoms appear and their severity . Injury from glyphosate ( e.g. , Roundup ) is relatively common . Damage symptoms may not appear during the application season , especially if the application occurred in autumn , but may appear the following spring as a proliferation of small shoots and leaves from buds . The plant will outgrow the injury if the dosage was not too high . SYMPTOMS ON FLOWER PETALS AND BUDS Botrytis blight Botrytis cinerea , thrives in high humidity . Affected plants have spotted flower petals and buds that fail to open , often with woolly , gray fungal spores on decaying tissue . Twigs die back , and large , diffuse , target - like splotches form on canes . Lessen humidity around plants by modifying irrigation and pruning techniques and reducing ground cover . Remove and dispose of fallen leaves and petals and prune out infested canes , buds , and flowers . Botrytis blight is a problem usually only during spring and fall in most of California and during summer along coastal areas when the climate is cool and foggy . Rose phyllody is a flower abnormality recognized for more than 200 years in which leaf - like structures replace flower organs . The fundamental cause seems to be changes in plant hormone balance , brought about by abiotic conditions such as environmental stress or living infectious agents . Some rose varieties such as floribundas are more likely to exhibit phyllody symptoms , probably due to genetic susceptibility . In fact , one floribunda ancestor is Rosa chinenis , from which came the “ Green Rose , ” a curious variety that has a stable mutation causing phyllody in all its flowers . Phytoplasmas and viruses can disrupt normal hormone production , inducing phyllody in many plant species , but play less important roles in rose phyllody . Although a few reports exist of rose phyllody caused by phytoplasmas , the association is poorly documented . Rose rosette disease , believed to be caused by a virus vectored by the eriophyid mite Phyllocoptes fructiplilus , also is reported to cause phyllody of rose blossoms . Insects — most often leafhoppers — can spread these diseases , so the appearance of phyllody often raises concerns about possible disease spread through the garden . However , in roses the most common cause of phyllody is environmental stress , such as hot weather when flower buds are forming , or water stress . If environmental factors are the cause , affected plants usually have normal and abnormal flowers simultaneously but otherwise look healthy . When the weather cools , the bush resumes producing normal flowers . Rose growers familiar with the characteristics of individual varieties can assess if phyllody is caused by disease or environmental stress by carefully examining plants . A lack of stunting or yellowing and good overall growth indicate a virus or phytoplasma likely is n ’ t the cause but instead an individual flower probably is responding to specific environmental conditionals . No management practices are suggested other than pruning out individual blooms . CANKERS OR GROWTHS ON CANES Botrytis blight , as described above , can cause twig dieback and blotches on canes . A number of different fungi can cause stem cankers and dieback . Cankers are brown , often with gray centers or small , black , spore - producing structures on dead tissue . It is important to provide proper care to keep plants vigorous to prevent problems . Prune out diseased or dead tissue , making cuts at an angle in healthy tissue just above a node , and avoid wounding canes . Cankers often develop after cold temperature injury , so early spring pruning may not effectively eliminate them if late frosts occur ; additional late spring pruning may be necessary . Winter injury from cold temperatures results in dead or dying flowers , twigs , and stems . A thick layer of leaf mulch may protect roses during the winter in cold mountain areas . Stem canker diseases caused by pathogens that move into injured tissue may follow winter injury . Sunburn appears as blackened areas , especially on the south and west sides of canes . Excessive temperatures on rose canes cause sunburn , usually as an indirect result of drought stress or spider mite pressure , which caused defoliation . Reflected heat from masonry , vinyl siding , or rock mulch also can cause canes to sunburn . Crown gall , caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens , affects many woody plants including fruit trees , ornamentals , and roses as well as some herbaceous plants including chrysanthemums and daisies . Crown gall bacteria invade tissue after wounding . Galls , in the form of large , distorted tissue growth , form at the base of the cane or sometimes on roots or farther up on stems . Infected canes can be stunted and discolored . Do not plant susceptible plants in infested soil or near infected plants . Purchase and plant only high quality stock . WARNING ON THE USE OF PESTICIDES REFERENCES Pemberton , H . B . , ed . 2007 . Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Rose Research and Cultivation . Acta Horticulturae No . 751 , International Society for Horticultural Science . Dreistadt , S . H . 2004 . Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 3359 . Elmore , C . L . , J . J . Stapleton , C . E . Bell , and J . DeVay . 1997 . Soil Solarization : A Nonpesticidal Method for Controlling Diseases , Nematodes , and Weeds Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 21377 . Flint , M . L . , and J . F . Karlik . September 2008 . Pest Notes : Roses in the Garden and Landscape — Insect and Mite Pests and Beneficials Oakland : Univ . Calif . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 7466 . Horst , R . K . 1983 . Compendium of Rose Diseases . St . Paul : APS Press . Karlik , J . F . July 2008 . Pest Notes : Roses in the Garden and Landscape — Cultural Practices and Weed Control Oakland : Univ . Calif . Div . Agric . Nat . Res . Publ . 7465 . Salem , N . , D . Golino , B . Falk , and A . Rowhani . 2008 . Identification and partial characterization of a new luteovirus associated with rose spring dwarf disease . Plant Disease 92 : 508 - 512 . PUBLICATION INFORMATION Roses in the Garden and Landscape — Diseases and Abiotic Disorders UC ANR Publication 7463 Author : J . F . Karlik , UC Cooperative Extension , Kern Co . ; and D . A . Golino , Foundation Plant Services , UC Davis . Produced by UC Statewide IPM Program , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 PDF : To display a PDF document , you may need to use a PDF reader Top of page | [
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http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/WEEDS/filarees.html | Weed Gallery Geranium Family Geraniaceae Filarees Erodium spp Click on images to enlarge Identify a weed List of all weeds Key to weeds in turf Filaree plants are lowgrowing common winter annual and sometimes biennial broadleaves Broadleaf E botrys and whitestem E moschatum filaree are found throughout California except in deserts and the Great Basin to about 3300 feet 1000 m and 5000 feet 1500 m respectively Redstem filaree E cicutarium is found throughout California to about 6600 feet 2000 m These filaree species inhabit agricultural land and other disturbed areas Habitat Roadsides pastures grassland rangeland agronomic and vegetable crop fields orchards vineyards landscaped areas and other open disturbed and unmanaged sites Seedling Seedlings are hairy with either glandular or nonglandular hairs Cotyledons seed leaves have long stalks Broadleaf and redstem filaree cotyledons are egg shaped with three to four asymmetric lobes that are broadly rounded First and subsequent leaves of broadleaf filaree are egg shaped with roundtoothed to moreorless shallowlobed edges whereas those of redstem filaree are deeply lobed or divided Whitestem filaree cotyledons have five deeply asymmetric lobes Young plant Leaves form a rosette close to the ground Mature plant Depending on the species stems grow from spreading to moreorless erect and reach 2 to 3 feet 061 m in height or length The leaves distinguish the three species Rosette leaves of whitestem and redstem filaree are fully divided into leaflets but whitestem leaflets are less deeply cut than those of redstem filaree Rosette leaves of broadleaf filaree are lobed but not fully divided into leaflets In addition stems of whitestem filaree are pale and redstem filaree stems are often reddish Flowers Flowers cluster at the top of the flowering stalk and resemble ornamental geranium flowers Each flower has five separate pink to reddishlavender petals Fruits The long and needlelike immature fruit resemble a storks head and beak At maturity the fruit separates into five parts each having a tail that eventually coils as the seed matures and dries Seeds The seed body is lance shaped and hairy with a slender attachment style that coils and midway up curves sharply to form a right angle The coils tighten in dry conditions and loosen in humid conditions which acts to drill the seed into the soil Reproduction Reproduces by seed Related or similar plants White stem filaree Erodium moschatum Redstem filaree Erodium circutarium Broadleaf filaree Erodium botyrs More information Broadleaf ID illustration Calflora distribution map Broadleaf filaree Erodium botyrs Whitestem filaree Erodium moschatum Red stem filaree Erodium botyrs For agriculture UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines | [
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http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/selectnewpest.walnuts.html | Walnut University of Californias official guidelines for pest monitoring techniques pesticides and nonpesticide alternatives for managing pests in agriculture YearRound IPM Program Introduction Dormancy DelayedDormancy Budbreak Through Bloom Nut Development Fruit Set to Harvest Harvest Postharvest Pesticide Application Checklist General Management in an IPM Program Dormant Monitoring Using Ethephon Insects Mites and Other Invertebrates General Information Relative Toxicities of Pesticides Used in Walnuts to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees Insect Mite and Other Invertebrate Management Aphids Codling Moth European Red Mite Fall Webworm False Chinch Bug Frosted Scale and European Fruit Lecanium Fruittree Leafroller Italian Pear Scale Navel Orangeworm Pacific Flatheaded Borer Redhumped Caterpillar San Jose Scale Southern Fire Ant Walnut Blister Mite Walnut Husk Fly Walnut Scale Walnut Twig Beetle Webspinning Spider Mites Diseases Nematodes Nematodes Weeds Common and Scientific Names of Weeds Integrated Weed Management Weed Management in Organic Orchards Special Weed Problems Susceptibility of Weeds to Herbicide Control Herbicide Treatment Table Vertebrates General Information Managing Vertebrates Vertebrate Management California Ground Squirrels Deer Pocket Gophers Tree Squirrels Voles Meadow Vole Meadow Mice More Information Publication Information | [
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http://ipod.about.com/od/advanceditunesuse/qt/Deleting-Itunes-Duplicates.htm | How To iPhone & iPod Delete Duplicate Songs in iTunes for iPhone & iPod by Sam Costello Updated September 21 , 2018 When you have a big iTunes library , it can be easy to accidentally end up with duplicate copies of the same song . It can also be hard to find those duplicates . This is especially true if you have multiple versions of a song ( say one from the CD and another from a live concert ) . Luckily , iTunes has a built - in feature that lets you easily identify duplicates . View & Delete iTunes Duplicates The View Duplicates feature of iTunes shows all of your songs that have the song name and artist name . Here ' s how to use it : Open iTunes . Click the View menu ( on Windows , you may need to press the Control + B keys to reveal the menu first ) . Click Show Duplicate Items . iTunes shows a list of just the songs it thinks are duplicates . The default view is All . You can also view the list grouped by album by clicking the Same Album button beneath the playback window at the top . You can then sort the songs by clicking the top of each column ( Name , Artist , Date Added , etc . ) . When you find a song you want to delete , delete the song from iTunes using one of the many different techniques - - either right - clicking the song and then choosing Delete , tapping the Delete key on your keyboard , selecting the Edit menu and then choosing , or by clicking the icon next to the song and then choosing ( especially useful for multiple songs ) . When you ' re finished , click Done in the top right corner to return to the normal view of iTunes . If you remove a duplicate file that ' s part of a playlist , it is removed from the playlist and is n ' t automatically replaced by the original file . You ' ll need to add the original file to the playlist manually . View & Delete Exact Duplicates Display Duplicates can be useful , but it ' s not always completely accurate . It only matches songs based on their name and artist . This means that it can show songs that are similar but are n ' t exactly the same . If an artist records the same song at different times in their career , Display Duplicates thinks the songs are the same even though they ' re not and you ' ll probably want to keep both versions . In this case , you need a more accurate way to view duplicates . You need Display Exact Duplicate Items . This displays a list of songs that have the same song name , artist , and album . Since it ' s unlikely that more than one song on the same album has the same name , you can feel more confident that these are true duplicates . Here ' s how to use it : Open iTunes ( if you ' re on Windows , press the Control + B keys first ) . Hold down the Option key ( Mac ) or Shift key ( Windows ) . Click the View menu . Click Display Exact Duplicate Items . iTunes then shows only exact duplicates . You can sort the results in the same ways as in the last section . Delete songs as described in the last section . Done to return to the standard iTunes view . When Not to Delete Exact Duplicates Sometimes the songs that Display Exact Duplicate Items shows are n ' t truly exact . Though they may have the same name , artist , and album , they are different kinds of files or saved at different quality settings . For instance , two songs might be in different formats ( e.g . AAC and FLAC ) intentionally , if you want one for high - quality playback and the other for the small size to use on an iPod or iPhone . Check for differences between the files by right - clicking on the song and choosing Get Info . From there you can identify the song ' s file type as well as many other advanced features . With that , you can decide whether you want to keep both or remove one . How to Delete Duplicates on iPhone and iPod Since storage space is generally more constrained , and thus , making it more important on an iPhone or iPod than on a computer , you should be sure that you do n ' t have duplicate songs there . There ' s no feature built into the iPhone or iPod that lets you delete duplicate songs . Instead , you have to identify duplicates in iTunes and then sync the changes to your device . Follow the instructions for finding duplicates from earlier in this article . Choose what you want to do : either delete the duplicate song or just choose to not sync the individual song to your device . When you ' re finished making changes in iTunes , sync your iPhone or iPod and the changes will appear on the device . Continue Reading | [
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http://ipod.about.com/od/iphonehowtos/a/Iphone-Bluetooth-Pairing.htm | How To iPhone & iPod How to Connect Bluetooth Devices to iPhone by Sam Costello Updated April 11 , 2019 You may not be able to connect accessories to the iPhone using a USB port , but tons of useful devices work with the iPhone thanks to Bluetooth . While most people think of Bluetooth as the way that wireless headsets or speakers get connected to phones , it ' s much more than that . Bluetooth is a general - purpose technology used with headsets , keyboards , car stereos , and more . The process of connecting a Bluetooth device to an iPhone is called pairing . Regardless of what kind of device you ' re pairing to your iPhone , the steps are basically the same . About Pairing Place your iPhone and Bluetooth device near each other . Bluetooth ' s range is a few dozen feet , so devices that are too far apart ca n ' t connect . The technology ' s theoretical limit is 33 feet , but the closer the two devices are , the better . As a security precaution , both devices must be in a " discovery " mode , although the name for that mode varies by manufacturer and the procedure for activating it is n ' t uniform . Consult your device ' s user manual for specific instructions . By requiring both devices to operate in this mode to effect a pairing , you can be confident that strangers on the subway ca n ' t secretly pair with your iPhone or AirPods . Activate Pairing Mode on the iPhone Tap the Settings > Bluetooth and ensure that the toggle switch is green . If it is , you ' ll see a list of all the devices presently paired to your phone , whether they ' re active or not . Any devices placed into pairing mode will appear at the bottom of the list . Just tap it to pair it . Some devices , like Bluetooth keyboards , may present a passcode you must enter on the device to ensure that you ' ve paired the right device to the right iPhone . These steps also apply to the iPod touch and iPad . Disconnect Bluetooth Devices From an iPhone It ' s a good idea to disconnect a Bluetooth device from your iPhone when you ' re done using it so you do n ' t run down the battery on either device . Either turn off the device or turn off Bluetooth on your iPhone . In iOS 7 or higher , use Control Center as a shortcut to turn Bluetooth on and off . While Bluetooth does n ' t drain as much battery as Wi - Fi , keeping it turned off when not in use is one of the ways that you can extend the battery life of your iPhone If you need to keep Bluetooth on but just disconnect from a specific device , go to the Bluetooth menu in Settings . Find the device you want to disconnect and tap the i icon next to it . On the next screen , tap Disconnect Permanently Remove a Bluetooth Device From iPhone If you ' re not going to need to connect to a given Bluetooth device ever again , remove it from the Bluetooth menu altogether . Tap Settings > Bluetooth . Tap the i icon next to the device you want to remove , then tap Forget This Device . In the pop - up menu , tap Forget Device If the device you ' re trying to permanently disconnect from is an Apple Watch , the process is slightly different . Learn all about it in How to Unpair Apple Watch and iPhone Full iPhone Bluetooth Support Specifications The types of Bluetooth accessories that work with the iPhone and iPod touch depends on what Bluetooth profiles are supported by iOS and the device . Profiles are specifications that both devices must both support to communicate with each other . The following Bluetooth profiles are supported by iOS : Advanced Audio Distribution Profile : A2DP , also known as Stereo Bluetooth , lets iOS devices send wireless audio to compatible headphones and speakers . It is supported by all iOS devices except the original iPhone . Audio / Video Remote Control Profile 1.4 : Use AVRCP to control compatible AV equipment like TVs , receivers , and stereos . All iOS devices except the original iPhone support this profile . Hands - Free Profile : HFP 1.6 helps iOS devices to work with hands - free car kits and headsets . All iPhones support this . Human Interface Device Profile : Supports HID devices like mice , keyboards , and joysticks . Neither the original iPhone nor the iPhone 3G supports this profile . Message Access Profile : Mostly used for hands - free functionality in cars , MAP helps devices send messages to each other . All iPhones except the original , 3G , and 3GS support it . Personal Area Network : Allows connection between multiple devices using wireless networks . PAN works on all iOS devices except the original iPhone . Phone Book Access Profile : Use PBAP to display information from the device ' s address book , a feature often used with hands - free car kits . Works on all iPhones . Serial Port Profile : SPP supports braille terminals on devices running iOS 4 and up . Continue Reading | [
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http://ipod.about.com/od/iphonehowtos/qt/turn_off_iphone.htm | How To iPhone & iPod How to Turn Off Your iPhone ( Even iPhone X ) Shut down your phone to save battery life and disable alerts by Sam Costello Sam Costello has been writing about tech since 2000 . His writing has appeared in publications such as CNN . com , PC World , InfoWord , and many others . Updated November 26 , 2018 176 176 people found this article helpful By default , the iPhone is configured to go to sleep after a certain period of inactivity to conserve battery life . And that ' s good , but there may be circumstances when you want to completely turn off the iPhone . Turning your phone off is especially helpful if the battery is critically low . Another reason to shut a phone off is if it ' s performing strangely ; rebooting is often a fix , similar to solving issues on computers . Shutting down an iPhone is also a foolproof way to disable all alerts and phone calls ( Do Not Disturb is pretty good for that , too ) . If you already know how to turn off your phone but none of the instructions in this article are working , check out our guide to what to do if your iPhone wo n ' t turn off How to Turn off Your iPhone No matter your reason for doing it , below are the steps for shutting off an iPhone . This technique applies to ( almost ! ) every iPhone model , from the original to the latest version . Apple Hold down the sleep / wake button for a few seconds , until you see a message appear on the screen . This button is located on the right of the phone ( it ' s either on the top or the side depending on your iPhone model ) . A power button will appear onscreen that reads slide to power off . Move the slider all the way to the right to shut off the phone . A progress wheel will appear in the center of the screen . The iPhone will turn off a few seconds later . If you wait too long to slide the button over , your phone will cancel the shutdown automatically . If you want to cancel it yourself , tap Cancel How to Turn Off iPhone X Turning off the iPhone X is a little trickier . That ' s because the Side button ( formerly known as the sleep / wake button ) has been re - assigned to activate Siri , Apple Pay , and the Emergency SOS feature . So , to turn off an iPhone X : Home down the Side and volume down buttons at the same time ( volume up works , too , but dong that accidentally take a screenshot ) . Wait for the power - off slider to appear . Slide it left to right and the phone will shut down . How to Hard Reset an iPhone There are some instances in which the steps above just wo n ' t work , especially when your iPhone is locked up . In that case , you should try a technique called a hard reset . This should only be used when other attempts have failed , but sometimes it ' s just what you need : At the same time , hold down both the sleep / wake button and the home button for 10 seconds or more , until the screen goes black and the Apple logo appears . On the iPhone 7 series and 8 series , hold down the volume down button instead of home . When you see the logo , stop holding both buttons and let the phone start up normally . The hard reset feature is not the same thing as restoring your phone to its factory default settings . The word " restore " is sometimes called " reset " but has nothing to do with restarting your phone . How to Hard Resetting an iPhone X With a Home button , the hard - reset process on the iPhone X is different : Press volume up . Press volume down Hold down the Side ( aka sleep / wake ) button until the screen goes dark and then let go of the button and let the phone start up . Turning the Phone on Again When you ' re ready to use it again , here ' s how to boot up the iPhone : Hold down the sleep / wake button ( or side button on newer iPhones ) until the Apple icon appears on the screen . Let go of the button . There are n ' t any other buttons you need to press . Just wait for the phone to start up . Continue Reading | [
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http://ipolitics.ca/2012/10/15/fen-hampson-canada-and-the-cuban-missile-crisis-50-years-later/ | Opinions Canada and the Cuban Missile Crisis : 50 years later By Fen Osler Hampson . Published on Oct 15 , 2012 5 : 06am Fen Osler Hampson is a Distinguished Fellow and Director of Global Security at the Centre for International Governance Innovation . He is also Chancellor ’ s Professor at Carleton University . He is the author of nine books and editor / co - editor of more than 25 other volumes on international affairs and Canadian foreign policy . October 22nd marks the 50th anniversary of John F . Kennedy ’ s announcement to the world that the United States had discovered that the Soviets were secretly deploying nuclear medium - range missiles in Cuba capable of striking targets in the United States on a moment ’ s notice . The crisis actually began a week earlier when a U2 flight over Cuba on October 14 discovered the construction of the new missile installations . It is worth pondering the lessons of that crisis and what it meant for Canada . However , the principal lesson is that if it happened today the outcome would likely have been dramatically different : there would be war . The simple reason is that Kennedy and his national security advisers had the luxury of a full week to figure out what they were going to do . Although the New York Times early on got wind that the Russians and the Cubans were up to no good , a simple phone call from the President to the Times kept the lid on the story until the President had decided his course of action and gone public with his message . In the first week of the crisis , the U.S. military urged a quick military response to the crisis . General Curtis LeMay the head of the Air Force wanted to take out the Soviet missile installations by bombing them and then finish the job by invading Cuba and overthrowing Castro . It is likely that the Soviets would have responded either directly with an attack on the U.S. or by taking hostage the city of West Berlin in communist controlled East Germany in a replay of the 1949 Berlin crisis . Had the story gone public , Kennedy who early in his administration had fumbled the Bay of Pigs crisis , and was also seen as young and inexperienced , would almost certainly have been forced to take the drastic course of action LeMay was urging . What we also know now — though Kennedy and his advisers did not know this at the time — was that the Soviets already had nuclear warheads on Cuban soil which had been shipped by submarine . Worse still , we have also learned through the careful work of historians that Fidel Castro was prepared to overrun the Russian controlled installations and take control of the missiles himself if the U.S. invaded Cuba . Instead , by keeping the story under wraps the White House was able to think through its different options , understand better the risks of bombing Cuba , and come up with the idea of a naval blockade around the island . The naval blockade also gave the Soviets time to think through the consequences of their own strategic deception and the risks of going to war with the United States . Time was also critical for negotiations . It allowed for an exchange of letters between Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev and Kennedy to defuse the crisis . Through his brother , U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy also contacted the Soviet ambassador to Washington , Anatoly Dobryninn . The two men negotiated a secret quid pro quo which saw the removal of U.S. Jupiter missiles in Turkey in exchange for a halt and withdrawal of Soviet missiles . The Cuban missile crisis was by today ’ s standards a crisis that unfolded in slow motion . In today ’ s world of social media and an adversarial relationship between government and the press , keeping a week - long voluntary gag order on the press while a president figures out what to do would be impossible even on a vital matter of national interest . Those days of friendly and responsible relations between government and the press to keep state secrets are long gone . What is also surprising is that Canada was not on the same page as the Americans during the crisis in a pattern that would later repeat itself when Lester Pearson took Lyndon Johnson to task over his handling of the Vietnam War and Jean Chretien ’ s refusal to join the United States in the invasion of Iraq to unseat Saddam Hussein . Canada ’ s Prime Minister John Diefenbaker was the “ Doubting Thomas ” among America ’ s allies about the severity of the threat and how to do deal with the crisis . When informed by Kennedy just hours before Kennedy took his case to the world , Diefenbaker expressed skepticism about Soviet intentions while demanding further irrefutable evidence about the Soviet installations . He urged Kennedy to send a team of UN inspectors to Cuba to find out what the Soviets were up to before taking any further action . Diefenbaker also refused to put Canadian forces on a high state of alert over the objections of his own military advisors . Fearing the worst , Canada ’ s military nonetheless took informal steps to ready Canadian forces . Diefenbaker ’ s judgment was clouded by his personal loathing of the young , attractive American leader . And as we now know from taped conversations with JFK ’ s wife Jackie , the feeling was entirely mutual . The first meeting between the two leaders , which took place when Kennedy visited Canada in 1961 was a complete disaster . Diefenbaker continued to believe that Kennedy through his poor handling of the crisis had played a high stakes game and needlessly risked the fate of the world . Historians who have studied the crisis believe differently as an important new book by James Blight and Janet Lang , The Armageddon Letters : Kennedy / Khrushchev / Castro in the Cuban Missile Crisis , attests . But the discordant Canadian footnote to the crisis of the “ missiles of October ” is still worth pondering as we celebrate the 50th anniversary of those 14 days when the world stood on the brink . To view other columns by Fen Hampson , click here The views , opinions and positions expressed by all iPolitics columnists and contributors are the author ’ s alone . They do not inherently or expressly reflect the views , opinions and / or positions of iPolitics . More from iPolitics | [
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http://ir.bankunited.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=89487&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2365971 | Investor Relations Overview Corporate Governance Stock Information SEC Filings Proxy and Annual Report Event Calender Presentations DoddFrank Act Stress Test Results News Releases Information Request Stock Quote Common Stock US Dollar Price Volume Data as of Jan 2 2019 410 PM Copyright West LLC Minimum 15 minutes delayed Investor Toolkit News Release View printerfriendly version BankUnited Names New Executive Vice President for New York CRE MIAMI LAKES Fla BUSINESS WIRESep 4 2018 BankUnited NYSE BKU today announced the hiring of Benjamin Stacks as executive vice president and manager of commercial real estate lending for the banks north region which includes the New York metropolitan area This press release features multimedia View the full release here httpswwwbusinesswirecomnewshome20180904005663en Benjamin Stacks Photo Business Wire A 25year veteran of New York commercial real estate banking Stacks joins BankUnited from Capital One Bank in New York NY where he served most recently as senior vice president Stacks served nine years there after holding various positions at HSBC Bank and MT Bank As one of the most respected CRE lending executives in New York City Ben possesses a broad understanding of all aspects of the real estate and banking industries making him a valuable addition to our executive team said BankUnited President and CEO Rajinder P Singh Our bankers many of whom have worked extensively with Ben in the past are looking forward to having him lead BankUniteds New York commercial real estate lending Ben serves on a number of industry boards including the Real Estate Lenders Association Breaking Ground and the Young Mortgage Bankers Association He is member of the Large Loan Lenders Roundtable and is a guest lecturer at the New York University School of Real Estate He is a resident of Rye NY where he is a former city councilman Stacks earned his MBA from American University Washington DC and a bachelors degree from Syracuse University Syracuse NY Stacks will be based in the 50 th 5 th Avenue Office located at 623 5 th Avenue New York NY 10022 For information call 2124091265 or visit wwwBankUnitedcom About BankUnited NA BankUnited NA is a national bank and whollyowned subsidiary of BankUnited Inc NYSE BKU and is headquartered in Miami Lakes Florida As of June 30 2018 BankUnited NA has 313 billion in total assets 87 branches in 15 Florida counties and five banking centers in the New York metropolitan area One of the largest independent depository institutions headquartered in Florida by assets BankUnited provides a wide range of commercial and consumer banking services For additional information call 877 7792265 or visit wwwBankUnitedcom BankUnited can be found on Facebook at facebookcomBankUnitedofficial and on Twitter BankUnited View source version on businesswirecom httpswwwbusinesswirecomnewshome20180904005663en Source BankUnited BankUnited Donna CrumpButler 3052316707 dbutlerBankUnitedcom or Savannah Whaley 9547761999 x225 swhaleypiersongrantcom | [
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http://ir.corecivic.com/investor-faqs | Investor FAQs Is CoreCivic a publiclytraded company Yes the companys stock is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol CXW and is included in the indices SP 400 Index Russell 1000 Index FTSE NAREIT Composite Index FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs Index FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs Index MSCI US REIT Index Is CoreCivic a Real Estate Investment Trust REIT Yes CoreCivic converted to a REIT effective January 1 2013 How do I invest in CoreCivic stock Investors can purchase stock through a stockbroker bank of financial institution Does CoreCivic pay a dividend on common stock CoreCivic currently pays a quarterly dividend of 042 per common share subject to board declaration For recent dividend payment dates and tax treatment information please go to the Dividend and Stock Split section of this site Does CoreCivic have a Dividend Reinvestment Program DRIP No When did CoreCivic stock begin trading publicly CoreCivics initial public offering was in October 1986 on the NASDAQ under the symbol CCAX The initial number of shares issued was 2 million at a price of 900 per share In December 1994 CoreCivic changed its listing from the NASDAQ to the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CXC In July 1997 Prison Realty Trust was formed and began trading as a REIT on the NYSE under the symbol PZN and in January 1999 all shares of CoreCivic common stock converted to PZN at 0875 shares of PZN for each share of CXC In October 2000 PZN recombined What are CoreCivics social responsibility beliefs CoreCivic places on emphasis on being socially responsible and a strong corporate citizen For information on what we do to be socially responsible Click Here Has there ever been a stock split Yes there have been several stock splits over the CoreCivics history the last stock split was in July 2007 For more information on stock splits and split ratios please go to the Dividend and Stock Split section of this site Who is CoreCivics transfer agent CoreCivics transfer agent American Stock Transfer and Trust AST is responsible for maintain all records of registered stockholders not stock held in a brokerage account AST can assist registered stockholders in providing stock balances change of address lost or stolen certificates reissuance of certificates etc Registered stockholders can contact AST at the following address American Stock Transfer Trust Company 6201 15th Avenue Brooklyn NY 11219 Telephone 18009375449 Do you have a record of my stock trading activity If you hold your shares through a broker we do not but your broker should If you possess the stock certificates please contact our transfer agent American Stock Transfer Trust at 8009375449 or register for access to your account by clicking here httpswwwastfinancialcom Investors Stock Information Stock Quote Chart Historical Price Lookup Fundamentals Snapshot Trading Statistics Balance Sheet Income Statement Cash Flow Ratios Dividends and Corporate Action Analyst Coverage News Releases Financial Information Annual Reports Quarterly Results Quarterly Supplemental Financial Data SEC Filings Events Presentations Corporate Governance Governance Highlights Political Lobbying Activity Insider Transactions Committee Composition Contact IR Email Alerts Request Printed Materials Investor FAQs | [
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http://ir.homedepot.com/corporate-governance/board-of-directors | Overview Factsheet Board of Directors Committee Members & Charters Board of Directors Email to friend Print Gerard J . Arpey , Director Since 2015 Ari Bousbib , Director Since 2007 Jeffery H . Boyd , Director Since 2016 Gregory D . Brenneman , Director Since 2000 J . Frank Brown , Director Since 2011 Albert P . Carey , Director Since 2008 Armando Codina , Director Since 2007 Helena B . Foulkes , Director Since 2013 Linda R . Gooden , Director Since 2015 Wayne M . Hewett , Director Since 2014 Manuel Kadre , DIRECTOR SINCE 2018 Stephanie C . Linnartz , Director Since 2018 Craig Menear , Chairman , CEO and President , Director Since 2014 Mark Vadon , Director Since 2012 | [
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http://ir.kroger.com/Stock | Stock Chart Kroger Corporate Investor Relations Stock Stock Chart The Kroger Co . ( NYSE - KR ) KR As of April 16 , 2019 10 : 30 AM ET $ 25.53 Stock Price $ 0.05 0.22 Change 603,062 Volume Today 23.52 - 32.74 52 Week Range Chart Settings Overlays Options Indexes Events Reset Update 1d 1w 1m 3m 1Y 2Y 3Y 5Y MTD QTD YTD Ex : 1 / 1 / 2000 Ex : 1 / 1 / 2000 Price ( $ ) 14 . Jan 28 . Jan 11 . Feb 25 . Feb 11 . Mar 25 . Mar 8 . Apr S&P Global Market Intelligence Historic Price Look Up Volume Highlights Avg Daily Volume % Of Shares Outstanding One Day 4,566,075 0.57 One Month 8,200,149 1.03 Three Months 8,467,752 1.06 YTD 8,246,965 1.03 One Year 9,213,337 1.15 Price History Price Change Dividends | [
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http://ir.lipocine.com/ | Careers Contact Us NASDAQ LPCN $ 1.72 $ 0.06 4 : 53 PM ET on Apr 16 , 2019 Delayed at least 20 minutes . VIEW STOCK Overview Press Releases Events and Presentations Financials & Filings Stock Information Investor FAQs Contact Us Lipocine Inc . is a specialty pharmaceutical company developing innovative pharmaceutical products for use in men ' s and women ' s health using its proprietary drug delivery technologies . Lipocine ' s clinical development pipeline includes four development programs TLANDO , LPCN 1144 , LPCN 1111 and LPCN 1107 . TLANDO , a novel oral prodrug of testosterone containing testosterone undecanoate , is designed to help restore normal testosterone levels in hypogonadal men . TLANDO received a Complete Response Letter from the FDA on May 8 , 2018 . LPCN 1144 , an oral prodrug of bioidentical testosterone , Management | Directors Press Releases STOCK INFO NASDAQ LPCN 1dy 1mo 6mo 1yr 5yr Currency in USD . Quote data delayed by at least 15 minutes . | [
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http://iraaa.museum.hamptonu.edu/archive/ | Visions Of Our 44th President John S Welch When viewers encounter paintings sculptures and other visual representations of President Barack Obama 100 years from today what will they see How will the visual culture of our era portray the first African American US presidentthe man and his erato fututre generations The opportunity to describe define and interpret Read Article Remembering Betty Blayton The Artist Who Called Herself A Spiritual Impressionist The esteemed artist Betty Blayton Taylor transitioned Sunday morning October 2 2016 at Calvary Hospital in Bronx NY She was 79 A memorial service is planned for some time in the future in New York City A number of Betty Blaytons paintings specifically referred to spirit soul inward center states Read Article American Purgatorio Jim Demetre Seattle artist Barbara Earl Thomas occupies a singular place in contemporary American art Exploring themes of African American history her evocative imagerich tableaus link the latent mysticism of Northwest art with drama of scripture and violent memories of slavery and the Jim Crow South After a career spanning nearly four decades Thomas Read Article Kellie Jones and Joyce J Scott 2016 MacArthur Fellows Art historian and curator Kellie Jones and bead artist Joyce J Scott are among the 2016 MacArthur award recipients announced by the Foundation on September 21 2016 Each MacArthur fellow as theyre called receives a stipend as its humbly called of 625000 to expend in whatever way they please Kellie Jones and Joyce J Scott Read Article David Huffman Black Universe Derek Conrad Murray The first time I encountered the art of David Huffman it was an awakening of sorts not least because the artist has consistently and remarkably managed to combine a range of contradictory elements everything from racial consciousness and the aesthetics of science fiction to the visual idioms of abstraction While Read Article Current Hampton University Museum Exhibition July 9 November 18 2016 Akili Ron Anderson still acts on the principles of the Black Arts Movement that he helped to build in the late 1960s Africans have to continue to struggle he said during his talk at the reception for his retrospective exhibit at the Hampton University Museum on September 10 2016 His vision for that struggle for African people to Read Article Wide Floating World The Visionary Expression of Sanford Biggers Ideas from an African American giant of literature are infusing the subject matter of new projects by Sanford Biggers Recently Ive been very interested in the figure more specifically invisibility and visibility in the Ellisonian sense and the physical sense and the gravity of the black body today Read Article Khia On The Case Khia Jackson is principal officer and creative lead for the JAM Group an Atlantabased multidisciplinary design firm which on its website proclaims that its members are creative both in and out of the office Jacksons outoftheoffice creavity includes editorial cartooning She has a knack for imagining visual ways Read Article Art Stemming from STEM Juliette Harris Since the publication of the Rhythm of Structure MathArt in the African Diaspora print IRAAA issue in 2004 the journal has covered the influence of STEM science technology engineering math and architecture on visual artists of African descent and weve noticed how their STEM interests have continued to evolve Two Read Article Excavating the Life and Work of John Farrar Jerry Langley During its 40 years of publication the IRAAA has made significant contributions to the history and criticism of American art through the generous support of volunteer writers such as Jerry Langley An art collector and former FIDC attorney Jerry Langley draws from investigative skills honed during his legal career to research and write Read Article If I Can Help Somebody Cliff Hocker September 12 2016 Ever since 2006 artist Sana Musasama has traveled to Cambodia for six weeks She does this during the DecemberJanuary semester break from teaching ceramics and sculpture at Hunter College and John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City Arriving in Southeast Asia she uses art to help Read Article By Design Designers Address Police Gun Violence Artistic design is useful in addressing policy issues because it can provoke new ideas and actions During the summer 2016 spate of police being shot and people being shot by police including a 73year old woman shot in a police training exercise graphic designer Khia Jackson wanted to use her Read Article Bennies Picks Fall 2016 and Beyond Art collector and IRAAA advisor Bennie Johnson informs his collecting by keeping up with news on African American and African Diaspora visual arts He shares the news with us and its posted from the top of this column as he sends it not in the chronological order of events Most of the news relates to African American artists but it also Read Article Charles White and the Black Chicago Renaissance Richard A Courage I would ask my teachers why they never mentioned a Negro in history I would bring up the name of Denmark Vesey Nat Turner and Frederick Douglass I would mention the painters Bannister and Tanner My teachers answered smugly and often angrily It had been deeply ingrained in them as in me in my first school years that to Read Article Art Activism to Reform or Dismantle the Criminal Justice System Artst Titus Kephar believes the US prison system is part of the problem it seeks to correct not the solution He addresses this issue in artistic ways and his work is being recognized by major institutions In June 2016 Kephar was awarded an Artist as Activist Fellowship by the Rauschenberg Foundation Read Article Cookin with STEAM This article is one in a series linking art and STEM science technology engineering math Makola M Abdullah strolled onto the TEDx Talks stage and signified as the folks used say The engineer and recentlyappointed university president sang finger popped and danced in making his point about how the arts can facilitate breakthrough thinking in science and technology His performance led to an account about Read Article Storm Clouds Over The Republic The New Republic Virginia Museum of Fine Arts June 11 through September 5 2016 The rancor accompanying this traveling show organized by the Brooklyn Museum where it opened last year is about the the motives of the artists street casting and more generally about his repetitive style Synopsis Kehinde Wiley sexual predato r targeting gullible young men His portraits of them lying across Read Article Travel to the Ancient Land of the High Tech Dragon Cliff Hocker Terry Dixon is on his way back to China On July 12 2016 the Illinoisbased artist visits Guangzhou to give a lecture about his work at the United States Consulate there This makes Dixons fifth trip to Asias most powerful emerging economy And the deep Asian immersion is influencing new approaches in his work In Overload the Read Article Khia On The Case In February 2016 as Ugandan model Aamito Lagum walked the New York Fashion Week run ways wearing MAC the cosmetics company posted a closeup photo of Lagum wearing a purple shade of its lipstick on the companys Instagram feed One would think that a cosmetics line on Instagram would attract benign browsers One would think But Read Article A Look Inside Fo Wilson Folayemi had the dream job of her youth designing articles for Essence and designing the magazines overall format But the graphic designer harbored other creative selves The first to emerge was the furniture maker Wilson returned to school Rhode Island School of Design took shop courses along Read Article Acts of Love Juliette Harris Note Cassandra Butts had a very downtoearth manner and exuded humility along with her savvy So although this article follows the standard journalistic style of referring to all other people by full name or last name it seems fitting to refer to Cassandra by her first name within the context of her relations with associates who warmly Read Article A Comic Book Trickster Cliff Hocker During the year that Alexandria Smith just completed as a visiting artist in printmaking at the University of Iowa she was exposed to new printmaking techniques These helped Smith refine her existing skills and gave her command of new methods she now incorporates into her practice Based in Brooklyn Smith uses the visual language of cartoons Read Article Miles Davis Artist and Friend On May 26 2016 Terrie Williams emailed a message to her friends and associates commemorating what would have been the 90th birthday of her friend jazz trumpeter Miles Davis The message included a photo of Tattoo a painting by Miles Davis shown below Principal of the Terrie Williams Agency a NYC public relations Read Article Lost Found Valerie Sweeney Prince Invisible Man Gordon Parks and Ralph Ellison in Harlem is on view May 21 to August 28 2016 at the Art Institute of Chicago The exhibition presents artifacts including photographs contact sheets and manuscripts that showcase the collaborations of two giants of American art and literature More than 50 of these items have Read Article I Feel Like Im Finally Finding My Voice In Abstract Art Gasoline Rainbows a solo exhibition of Erika Ranees paintings and works on paper is on view at LMAKgallery New York April 30 2016 June 5 2016 Jennifer Samets Erika Ranee May 28 2016 in Hyperallergics Beer With An Artist series is a thoughtful and revealing exchange with the artist IRAAA first surveyed Read Article Feel The Paint Cliff Hocker New York Citys Betty Cunningham Gallery will open the first show of its 2016 fall season right after Labor Day The artist Beverly McIver Bevery McIver is a powerful force in contemporary American art She applies an impasto of primary oil colors onto canvas to vividly express the emotions of her portrait subjects Often it is Read Article News and Events On May 24 2016 Monique Y Wells successfully completed a Kickstarter campaign to support her mission of Sharing A Masters Art with the World The master is the abstract expressionist artist Beauford Delaney The initiative is the latest of a series of Wells efforts on behalf of the late artist Read Article Contemporary Artists Animate Masquerade Traditions Diana McClure When WEB Dubois advanced the life behind the veil and double consciousness concepts in The Souls of Black Folk 1903 he was referring to African American experiences of separation and invisibility that also characterize the act of masking In his poem We Wear the Mask Paul Laurence Dunbar Read Article Art and the Elevation of Our Common Humanity Juliette Harris with photography by Anders Jones To follow up the IRAAA overview of the 154 Contemporary African Art Fair we asked artist art historian and curator UgochukwuSmooth C Nzewi to explain the increasing international presence of contemporary African art Whats the impetus for the global momentum outlined in the overview and why now Nzewi moderated three panels at the Read Article Contemporary African Art the Global Phenomenon Juliette Harris Contemporary African art is achieving broad international recognition at this moment and African critics curators and gallerists are becoming major figures on the international art scene In the 20th century only a few Africanborn painters or sculptors working in contemporary styles developed an international reputation Read Article Reimagining Her Corporate Image Cliff Hocker Photographer Endia Beal has been awarded a Magnum Foundation emergency fund grant to complete her latest project The Magnum Foundation is known for funding the telling of underrepresented stories and Beals Am I What Youre Looking For does this in a series of photographs portraying African American women making the transition from Read Article Small World Big Hearts Strong Art Two powerful stories about the resilience of African people and the involvement of US nationals in African crises are part of the background of the 201516 Bombay Sapphire Artisan Series One involves actor Rosario Dawson the other visual artist Aron Belka Rosario Dawsons African travel has led to a project that uses art and design for Read Article Applying Visual Whimsy To Image Politics Khia Jackson is a graphic designer who has developed a talent for imaginative cartooning And now shes lending that talent to an ongoing discussion about black womens image in the media Jackson is concerned about how black women are animalized or made to come across as vulgar and how the predominant image of black Read Article Angela Davis Honored at Brooklyn Museum Angela Y Davis feminist scholar activist for social justice and professor emerita at UC Santa Cruz was honored at the annual Sackler Center First Awards at an awards ceremony and dinner reception at the Brooklyn Museum on June 2 2016 In a show of solidarity with Daviss principles and in response to the Sackler Centers call for social Read Article Catching Up with Pellom McDaniels An art competition about the history of professional African American football players Wonder if Pellom McDaniels knows about this After all hes a former NFL defensive player whos a visual artist and historian Punches keypad Hey Pellom did you know theres 25000 commission for a painting that commemorates the four Read Article Leaning In All Directions As he was rapping on the April 2016 Tameness of the Wolf episode for the FOX TV series Empire the Hakeem Lyons character reminded me of writer Toni Cade Bambaras call for another black arts movement BAM I dont recall where Bambara made the remark I just remember thinking that it was too soon to repeat that Read Article E Jane What is black femme culture Is there a single definition or does this umbrella term make reference to black feminists broadly femme queer culture involving women of color specifically femme aspects of gay male culture or the many characteristics and long held customs of all black women more generally In a recent commission from Read Article Chester Higgins Jr Harlem Spirit What beauty can you find in a single leaf blowing What spirituality lying still in bustling Harlem Chester Higgins Jr artist photographer and metaphysician shows us with his photograph Harlem Spirit on view at The Studio Museum of Harlem NY March 24 through June 26 2016 as part of its Harlem Post Card series Pleasing texture Read Article Fred Holland Dies at 65 Fred Holland who received recognition as a visual artist and choreographer over the course of his 65 years died on March 5 2016 of colon cancer Diagnosed with the illness in 2009 Holland lived to see the opening of Fred Holland SSAPMOC on February 25 at Tilton Gallery in New York Not able to physically attend Read Article Swizz Beatz Switching Hats Swizz Beatz wore his art hat when he told Hip Hop Wired about his contributions to Kanye Wests Life of Pablo album His literal art hat But when Beatz figuratively dons his art hat hes worn caps with other words or no words for example when he donned his art hat to begin Read Article Artists Organize Conversation in Celebration of Norman Lewis A group of noted artists coordinated by Lewis contemporary Richard Mayhew gathered at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art PAFA on March 12 2016 in celebration of the life and career of their friend and colleague Norman Lewis Participants included artists Richard Mayhew Richard Hunt William T Williams Bette Blayton Taylor Floyd Read Article Conjuring Many Selves Gylbert Coker Internationally recognized Washington DC artist Renée Stout is renowned for mixedmedia installations based on conjure and other black folklife practices voodoo and African traditions Her prints drawings and mixed media installations have been exhibited in the US England Russia and the Netherlands She was awarded the High Read Article Emma Amos Awarded Larry D and Brenda A Thompson Award At a February 26 2016 ceremony Emma Amos received the 2016 Larry D and Brenda A Thompson Award from the Georgia Museum of Art at the University of Georgia The award is for her contribution as a Georgia native to visual art Since her debut art exhibition in Atlanta in 1960 Amos has had a successful career in painting Read Article High Museum of Art Names Mark Bradford 2016 Recipient of David C Driskell Prize The High Museum of Art Atlanta GA announced contemporary artist Mark Bradford the 2016 recipient of the David C Driskell Prize on February 18 2016 Named for the renowned AfricanAmerican artist and art scholar the Driskell Prize was founded in 2005 as the first national award to recognize an early or midcareer scholar or artist whose Read Article Vessels of the Soul Hew Locke The Wine Dark Sea February 24 April 1 2016 Edward Tyler Nahem Fine Art New York Hew Locke an AngloGuyanese artist who lives in Great Britain and spent his formative years in Guyana consistently explores themes of race colonialism displacement the creation of cultures and the visual codes of power drawing Read Article The Agora Culture John Welch Todays vibrant art market due in no small measure to the flourishing of contemporary art is prompting long established art museums celebrated collectors gallerists and auctioneers to embrace the significance of this art category with renewed zeal The promise of legions of new art collectors donors and art enthusiasts resulting Read Article IRAAA Wish For You In 2016 Many early 20th century crazes swirled around black folks The cake walk dance craze extended all the way to British upper crust and the ragtime music craze was even more pervasive The postcard craze of circa 19021915 rose from developments in the US Postal Service lithography and printing For the first time Read Article Richard Powells Busy Fall Season Fall 2015 was a busy season for Richard Powell John Spencer Bassett Professor of Art and Art History and Dean of Humanities Trinity College of Arts and Sciences at Duke University Charlie Rose Interview Charlie Roses interview with Richard Powell was broadcast on Roses December 6 2015 PBS show Their discussion of Archibald Read Article Illuminating the Black Figure in the History of European Fine and Decorative Arts Theresa LeiningerMiller book review James Powell introduction Over the past five years in the US a book series a museum exhibition and an anthology have illuminated a largelyunknown aspect of Western civilization The book series the fivevolume Image of the Black in Western Art based on the Menil Foundation project was published by Harvard University Press and the W E B Read Article Queen B Visits Hammer Museum Beyoncé Knowles recent visit to the Hammer Museum was not for show Thats to say the visit probably was motivated by the singers serious interest in visual art and not a handlers scheme to cast her in a trendy new light now that entertainment celebrities often are seen at museum galas and exhibition openings Read Article All Too Human Victorian Swag in Tow John Welch If we close our eyes and recall images of black people from earlier centuries what is imprinted in our memories Do we see elegance dignity refinement beauty intelligenceall facets of human subjectivityamong those used to tell the story of history and art in the West Frederick Douglass in the 19th century and WEB Read Article Call for Visual Art Submissions Nneena Freelon views the black washerwoman as a super hero of American history The arduous work of making soap from ashes and lard rubbing soiled clothes on a scrub board boiling clothes in a large pot and stirring them with a stick ironing them with a heavy flat iron heated on a fireplace or stove hanging them up to dry folding packing Read Article The Art of Delilah Pierce Revealed Three women artist friends in Washington DC were reaching the peak of their careers in the 1970s For decades these elder artists Lois Mailou Jones 19051998 Delilah Pierce 19041992 and Alma Thomas 18941978 worked hard to excel as painters and exhibit their work although African Americans women and people living Read Article Eldzier Cortor Jan 10 1916 Nov 26 2015 A memorial tribute for Eldzier Cortor will be held on December 21 2015 beginning at 330 at the Frank Campbell Funeral Home on Madison and 81th Street in New York City Scheduled speakers Teresa A Carbone Diane Dinkins Carr SCAC board member David Driskell Corrine Jennings Harmon and Harriet Kelley Mark Pascale and Michael Read Article Bearden Basquiat Usher Terry Raymond IV In the 1980s Romare Bearden and JeanMichel Basquiat inhabited entirely different worlds Romare Bearden spent much of his time in his Long Island City studio Becoming increasingly weak from bone cancer he was intent upon completing his lifes work Beardens later life was a far remove from the hedonistic downtown Read Article Norman Lewis Artist Visionary Humanist John Welch One of the most fascinating and storied chapters in the history of American art is the one on the New York School of Abstract Expressionism The highlights are familiar The New York School of Renegades rising in the era of McCarthyism A child or a monkey can do that Sure Jackson Pollack thought slap dash Read Article Philadelphia Story We Speak Black Artists of Philadelphia 1920s 1970s September 26 2015 January 24 2016 Woodmere Art Museum Philadelphia PA Much of the early history of African American art converges on Philadelphia One of the earliest African Americans to establish a reputation as an artist was Moses Williams Read Article A Better Way of Policing John Welch In response to shootings of police and by police we revisit police chief and art collector William C Robinson This article was originally posted here in Fall 2015 The circumstances of the recent shootings and those described in this article are different however Robinsons philosophy of policing is applicable to all Read Article Swizz Beatz Museum Trustee Art Patron and Collector Swizz Beatz Usher and Ludacris exemplify a trend among hip hop stars to bypass conspicuous bling consumption for the serious acquisition and promotion of visual art And Swizz Beatz nee Kasseem Dean is particularly fervent in spreading the love and knowledge of visual art among his cronies Recent developments in the hip Read Article In Autumn Autumns raging beauty piercing chill and fading light stir feelings in us all Landscapist Mason Archie is particularly responsive to the autumn weather and the viewers imagination easily travels into his scenes of this season Come walk down a country road with the woman in Archies Autumn 4 painting The day is Read Article See Them Feel Them Hear Them Long before the deaths of Travon Martin Eric Garner and 12 year old Tamir Rice the arrest of Henry Louis Gates Jr in his own home and National Book Award contender Between the World and Me 2015 TaNehisi Coates polemic on the hazards of being in a black male skin while negotiating American society long before all of that Read Article A Great Art Collector and Patrons Life and Legacy All installation view and artwork photography by Greg Staley The term having heart living working and pushing through challenges with courage passion and love aptly applies to Sandra Baccus At the heart of the term is art which also defines her life Sandra Baccus touched many lives through her altruism and commitment to education and the arts The David C Read Article Stayin Alive The Image of the Black Reimagined Redefined on view September 13 November 30 2015 In the 1990s there was a pronounced increase in the numbers of African Americans developing a serious interest in visual art They visited museums and formed friends groups to help the museums acquire works by master African American artists They subscribed to publications like Art in America Art Forum and the IRAAA and purchased Read Article A Textile Artists Historical and Anthropological Mission Gylbert Coker Karen Hampton will tell you definitely she is a textile artist not a quilter She believes herself to have won that battle When she began weaving more than 30 years ago there were few African American female weavers Considered an anomaly by many in the textile arts community Hampton took on the challenge to prove that most weavers Read Article Art STEM Interface Artists have always been scientists Ancient artists experimented with clays plant dyes and resins to make paints and varnishes that would adhere to various surfaces and last for millennia They researched and developed firing and glazing techniques for pottery and smelting techniques for bronze ornaments and statuary They figured out ways to Read Article Each Painting Becomes A Puzzle Diana McClure Painter Erika Ranee is on the cusp of a second coming of sorts After earning an MFA and a promising start to her career in the mid1990s she settled into a selfimposed hiatus for nearly a decade During that period she refrained from showing and reemerged having replaced her figurative painting style with a new passion for Read Article Portraitures II Portraits As Fall 2015 swept in with a big storm churning up the eastern seaboard we thought What better time to take a final look at those four golden days last spring May 28May 31 2015 when the Portraitures II Imaging the Black Body and ReStaging Histories conference was held in Florence Italy Artists curators scholars Read Article LaToya Ruby Frazier Receives 2015 MacArthur Award Photographervideo artist LaToya Ruby Frazier is among the 2015 MacArthur Award Fellows Much of her work takes the form of blackandwhite photography which she says documents the intersection of the steel industry environmental pollution and the health care crisis in her hometown of Braddock Pennsylvania Frazier joins an Read Article Art Now Southern California Elizabeth A Watson With its progressive and expansive left coast horizons LA may soon beat out New York City if it hasnt already done so in the amount and quality of art by African Americans that it shows Heres a sampling of whats been happening here during the summer and fall 2015 seasons With his Resurfaced Read Article Kara Walker Named Tepper Chair at Mason Gross School of the Arts Kara Walker has been named Tepper Chair in Visual Arts at the Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University Commencing Fall 2015 her fiveyear term is centered on research and collaboration with graduate and undergraduate students Walker comes to the position from a strong family background in art college administration Her Read Article In and Out of the Studio In and Out of the Studio Photographic Portraits from West Africa August 31 2015 January 3 2016 at The Metropolitan Museum of Art NY presents 100 years of portrait photography in West Africa through nearly 80 photographs taken between the 1870s and the 1970s These works many of which are being shown for the first time are drawn from Read Article The Phenomenal Auction of a Phenomenal Womans Collection Faith Ringgold Story Quilt Fetches 461000 A few hours after Swann Galleries September 15 2015 auction of the Maya Angelou collection the writer and CUNY professor Michele Wallace reflected on the sale She attended with her mother Faith Ringgold I had never attended a highend art world auction before on the East Side of the Apple much less sat in the front row with the Read Article Reading the Pastoral in the Art of Robert S Duncanson Jacquelyn Y McLendon Born into slavery Albery Allson Whitman 18511901 was acclaimed as the Poet Laureate of the Negro Race He was a manual laborer school teacher financial agent fundraiser and pastor as well as the author of Not a Man and Yet A Man 1877 The Rape of Florida 1884 and An Idyl of the South An Epic Poem in Two Read Article A Big Dialogue Across Time During Noah Davis final illness his friend and colleague Helen Molesworth occasionally found that she still had a large capacity for hope In retrospect that capacity seems a bit like magical thinking says Molesworth who is chief curator of the Museum of Contemporary Art MOCA Los Angeles But Davis Read Article Franklin Sirmans to Head Perez Museum Franklin Sirmans is leaving his position as Terri and Michael Smooke Department Head and Curator of Contemporary Art at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art to direct the Pérez Art Museum a major art institution in Miami When he begins the new position on October 15 2015 Sirmans 46 will be among the miniscule number of Read Article Noah Davis born 1983 has passed on at his home in Ojai California He had a rare form of cancer After creating a body of paintings that have been compared to Peter Doig Marlene Dumas and Neo Rauch Davis expanded his artistry to threedimensional forms installation art and the ultimate form of 3D art an artist project that Read Article Adjayes World Grows Wider David Adjaye and the Competition for the Contract to Design the Barack Obama Presidential Center In reporting on Thelma Goldens appointment to the board of the Barack Obama Foundation the IRAAA traced connections between Golden the Obamas and architect David Adjaye which reinforce speculation in the media that Adjaye is moving Read Article Further Reflections On A Disgraced Show In the August 20 2015 New York Times article Lessons Learned From A Disgraced Show art critic Holland Cotter reflects on his visit to an exhibition as a young man In 1969 he was uninitiated to the concerns of the art establishmentblack or whitebut about to discover the hold art would have on his sensibilities and Read Article Whitney Museum Presents Survey of Archibald Motley Paintings The Whitney Museum of American Art will present Archibald Motley Jazz Age Modernist the first retrospective of this pioneering artist in New York City in more than two decades The exhibition will be on view from October 2 2015 through January 17 2016 in the Hurst Family Galleries Richard J Powell John Spencer Bassett Professor of Art Read Article By Design 2015 Bradford Grant ArchiAfrika Conversations with the Diaspora The AIA of New York City Center for Architecture AIANY became the indaba Zulu for gathering place for the ArchiAfrika conference on July 31 2015 Bringing together more than 15 leading African American and African architects designers scholars and film makers Read Article Art On His Mind Julian Bond January 14 1940 August 15 2015 Along with remembering Julian Bond as a great social activist we recall his visual arts interest New York art patron and collector Nancy L Lane worked closely with Julian Bond when she was a member of the National Board of the NAACP She recalls that Julian Bond and his spouse Pamela Horowitz collected art and that he took a particular Read Article Carrie Mae Weems to Speak at National Gallery of Art Washington DC DiamonsteinSpielvogel Lecture Series September 12 2015 at 200 pm East Building Auditorium For more than thirty years Carrie Mae Weems has made provocative socially motivated art that examines issues of race gender and class inequality Often producing serial or installation pieces her conceptually layered work employs a variety of Read Article One Boss A Picture of Our Time John Welch On occasion a photo stops us in our tracks Does the person in the picture stand in for a universally understood type or social condition Or are the traits and signs we read in the picture to be understood as something fundamental about humanity in our time One Bossa photograph of a man with the phrase ONE BOSS NIGGER Read Article Finding The Hidden Talent Although he is not an art historian Jerry Langley has made significant contributions to the history of African American art by conducting research and writing seminal articles on accomplished but overlooked artists His training and experience as an attorney he discovered carried over into art historiography Searching public Read Article Survey Finds African Americans Under Represented in Art Museum Professions A survey released on July 29 2015 confirms what we already know African Americans are greatly underrepresented in mainstream art museums as directors curators conservators and educators Whites occupy 84 of such positions Asians 6 blacks 4 Hispanic whites 3 These were among the findings of the Andrew W Mellon Foundation Read Article Thelma Golden Joins Obama Foundation Board The appointment of Thelma Golden director of the Studio Museum in Harlem to the board of directors of the Barack Obama Foundation is not a surprise She was among three new board appointees announced by the Foundation on July 30 2015 The connections leading up Goldens appointment have been developing for years The announcement of the Read Article Round the Way Girl and Her Worldly Ways Gylbert Coker Joyce J Scott refers to her self as a round the way girl Despite international recognition for her beautiful fearlessly edgy art shes that girl down the street who maintains a deep affinity for her city Shes lived in Baltimore Maryland her entire life When Freddie Grey was murdered she was at her Read Article A Magic Carpet for Visual Dreaming And I plan to USE this beautiful drawing table a work of art in itself that cost me 230 as a magic carpet for visual dreaming every week Charles Johnson Novelist essayist philosopher and visual artist Charles Johnson has revealed himself from many angles during the past 12month period with the Read Article Art for Life Gala Raises 12 Million John Welch Art saves lives This simple statement is the powerful premise of Russell and Danny Simmons Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation RPAF Encouraging young people particularly those in difficult and impoverished circumstances to enter other worlds through art is an established principle in education Read Article MoMA Commemorates the Great Migration in Film Over the decades the most outstanding or the most kitsch occasionally both forms of popular culture have become viewed as museumquality art Its a process of nostalgia and artistry that has a counterpart in the gravitation of 1950s and 60s doowop groups from Top 40 AM radio to PBS specials Film was one of the earliest Read Article Adjayes New Building For The Studio Museum In Harlem Bradford Grant David Adjaye the international and interdisciplinary architect of GhanaianBritish origins continues to deepen his affiliation with the art and museum worlds His design for the Ghana National Museum on Slavery and Freedom is a veritable Cubist sculpture That museum is expected to open in 2017 As part of the Freelon Adjaye BondSmith Read Article LACMA Brings Noah Purifoy Out Of The Desert John Welch Noah Purifoy Junk Dada June 7 September 27 2015 at the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art LACMA the first major museum exhibition since the father of the California Assemblage Schools death in 2004 is both a visual and cerebral tour de force This is fitting for an artist whose work consists of equal partsart Read Article Photographing 52nd Street What was to become one of the most famous photographs in jazz history was shot in the middle of a New York City street by William P Gottlieb on a rainy night in May 1948 Swing Street it was called 52nd Street a legendary site in jazz history because all the jazz greats of the 1930s and 40s played there Only Art Kanes Read Article Wang Dang Doodlin Graham Lock Once the spirit inhabits it then we have a painting Frederick J Brown In the 1970s and early 80s Fred Brown 19452012 interacted with all kinds of avant garde artists in New York City and particularly jazz musicians such as Ornette Coleman Anthony Braxton Charlie Haden and Alice Coltrane Because of a Read Article The Porter Colloquium Turns 25 Olivia Drake The James A Porter Colloquium on African American art at Howard University turned 25 this year Founded in 1990 by Floyd Coleman then art history department chair at Howard the colloquium is the leading forum covering both the history and contemporary criticism of this art The colloquium was named after James A Porter who Read Article A Case of Mistaken Identity In this unassuming photographic reproduction of what appears to be a stock genre scene of a fisherman at work we also see an interesting confluence of photography art and art history From Howard University we find a photo of an artwork attributed to one if its celebrated professors the art historian and artist James A Porter Read Article Looking Back in Front with Mark Steven Greenfield Kahlil Pyburn Its a wide wide world for artist Mark Steven Greenfield Its rhythms range from the drumming of AfroBrazilian religion to the chants of mantrabased meditation its inspirations from the comics to the cosmos from history to futurism and its concerns from gang violence to climate change He is currently working on Read Article Onward Fo Anita Bateman article Margaret Vendryes book review It is clear after talking to Fo Wilson that she will not be bound by convention or profession She had a graphic design studio in a large beautifully designed space in Tribeca a staff of assistants and exceptional clients but gave it all up to catch her breath and head in another direction Relocating to a small studio in Emeryville Read Article Anna J Cooper at Home in Le Droit Park In The Scurlock Studio Picturing the Promise and Black Washington historians Deborah Willis and Lonnie G Bunch III say that the Studios photographs were an integral part of the New Negro Movement and an effective counternarrative to racial imagery about blacks prevalent in early to mid20th century media Geroge Scurlocks 1934 photograph Read Article Wangechi Mutu Rallies Massive Support from Artists James Powell Mother Africa see what your children are doing On June 5 2015 in the bosom of Chelseas burgeoning art district Gladstone Gallery hosted the inaugural Africas Out benefit a fundraising auction of works by a galactic host of artists The event was in support of Africas Out the LGBTQI Lesbian Gay Bisexual Read Article Scurlock Studio Theatre of Desire Every urban African American community had one an artist in residence who portrayed the people in the ways that they envisioned themselves in contradistinction to the mocking caricatures produced by others These community photogaphers included James Van der Zee in Harlem P H Polk in Tuskegee Charles Teenie Harris in Pittsburgh and the Read Article As The Tree Falls Elizabeth A Watson Work by Ebony G Patterson on view at Lux Art Institute April 30 May 30 2015 During her monthlong residency at Lux Art Institute in Solana Beach CA Ebony Patterson embellished blankets with her signature materials of fabric glitter and costume jewelry The shiny appliqué relief comprises the last step in a multiphase creative Read Article The New Vision for New Yorks Former Museum for African Art Juliette Harris On May 19 2015 The Africa Center announced that Dana Reed CEO of Pan African Investment Co has been elected to its Board of Trustees With her impressive experience in capital management and investing banking Reed is wellpositioned to help the Center meet its capital campaign goals and finally open This and other recent announcements by Read Article Auction Records Set for Hendricks Gilliam Jones and Driskell in an interview with Eric Hanks The first auction house to devote an entire department to African American art Swann Galleries established the first significant auction records for Romare Bearden and for artists such as Charles White 300000 who had underperformed in the seondary market In researching the provenance of the works that it offers Swann also is Read Article Post Cards From Firenze The 3rd in a 5part series on the conference The Post Cards From Firenze documentation initially was planned as a way for participants in the Black Portraitures II Imaging the Black Body and ReStaging Histories conference to share moments from their experience in Florence Firenze Italy with IRAAA readers However we knew that the conference experience would be allconsuming for Read Article Post Cards From Florence This Content Will Be Posted Soon External photo Washington DC attorney and art collector Schwanda Rountree Photo Courtesy New York University Photo by Riccardo Cavallari for NYU The IRAAA Post Cards From Firenze documentation initially was planned as a way for a few participants in the Black Portraitures II Imaging the Black Body and ReStaging Histories Read Article Behind the Scenes of the Black Portraitures Conference Juliette Harris Note For a broad sampling of images in curator Awam Amkpas ReSignifications exhibition see this article A number of images in the article below are from his previous exhibitions The Long Run Up to the Conference For Awam Amkpa and Robert Holmes two of the organizers of the May 29May 31 2015 Black Portraitures conference in Read Article A Blackamoor is not a Jigaboo and More In a momentous event in the history of African Diaspora visual culture studies more than 200 scholars curators independent writers artists photographers and other arts professionals from the African Diaspora are gathering to make presentations at the Black Portraitures II Imaging the Black Body and ReStaging Histories conference Read Article Adrian Piper and El Anatsui Win Major Awards at the Venice Biennale Adrian Piper and El Anatsui received the Golden Lion the major award of the Venice Biennales All The Worlds Futures art exhibition on May 9 2015 Among the jurors for awards was Naomi Beckwith the former Studio Museum in Harlem curator who is now a curator at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago In Read Article On Cultural Intimidation At one time the concept of cultural deprivation was used to describe a major challenge to social mobility Poor black people were culturaly deprived That concept became obsolete in the midtolate 1960s when African Americans and other peoples of color asserted the value of their own ethnocultural heritages In Read Article A Garden Party for Art Get out your most imaginative attire and join us in the garden alive with colorful plants and flowers live music dancing great food and wonderful guests One hundred percent of the ticket proceeds will be used to keep the foundations mission alive The difficult well do right now the impossible will take a Read Article Making Art of Song John Welch Because the essence of a people or an era is distilled in its art popular music playlists have been called the sound track of our lives For Walter Lobyn Hamilton a 30year old artist whose work has most recently been featured on the set of the Fox television hit Empire this distillation occurs in vinyl recordings of Read Article Clyde B Jones III To Lead Met Museum Advancement With a staff of 90 fundraising professionals who oversee a range of development and membership activities as well as special events the Metropolitan Museum of Arts development department succeeds in the art of the ask And now that work will be overseen by Clyde B Jones III whose knack for raising funds for health Read Article The Museum as Social Worker and Agent for Change Johnnetta Betsch Cole was the keynote speaker at the annual meeting of the American Alliance of Museums formerly the American Association of Museums in Atlanta April 2629 2015 This years meeting theme was Social Value of Museums Inspiring Change An anthropologist museum director and educator who has mentored Read Article Derrick Adams Brings A Practical Edge to Conceptual Art fayemi shakur Derrick Adams b 1970 is a multidisciplinary artist working in performance painting sculpture and music His latest solo project is at Aljira Center for Contemporary Art in Newark Derrick Adams THE HOLDOUT A Social Sculpture with Curated Music Program organized by Dexter Wimberly consisted of a largescale Read Article Variant Expressions David P Brown The special architecture issue of the print IRAAA journal v 25 no 2 2015 includes David P Browns essay on the improvisatory aspects of architect Phil Freelons designs and drawings Freelons design approach begins in hand drawings which are a fluid expression of his thought processes In another article in the issue Read Article Joseph Clinton DeVillis There are numerous African American artists who were born in the 19th century received formal art training developed considerable skill and passed on without achieving a lasting recognition Some such as Joseph Clinton DeVillis 18781912 and his painting Girl of Morocco are truly remarkable Completed before or during 1905 Girl of Read Article The Creative Power of Empathy A painting is not about an experience It is an experience To this observation by Mark Rothko Elizabeth Catlett would say a hearty amen Like Rothko Catletts artistic philosophy and social awareness were melded during the WPA era Unlike Rothko Catlett thoughout her life intended her art to be a moving Read Article Happy Unique Youday Lady Day Billie Holiday was born on April 7 100 years ago in Baltimore Maryland If she were living today shed be a contrary centenarian singing the reply to How old are you in the Happy Birthday to You song Shed cock her head slightly to the side and use her worn creaky brittle voice to make artistry out of idiosyncrasy like she did Read Article Divas Rock Empowering Masks Turry Fluker We sing but oh the clay is vileBeneath our feet and long the mile But let the world dream otherwise We wear the mask Paul Lawrence Dunbar This excerpt from We Wear the Mask on Margaret Rose Vendryes website serves as the perfect introduction for her African Divas series This divas sing gloriously but the Read Article An Artist of the Past Who You Should Know He was blessed from the start with a surname that augured his talent and profession William Artis was passing off the scene just as the IRAAA then called Black Art an international quarterly BAQ was entering it BAQ was completing its first year of publication when William Artis was remembered in the Summer 1977 Read Article Cullen Washington On Surpassing Boundaries Over the past six years Cullen Washingtons work has evolved from figurative and figurative abstraction on canvas into a fully abstracted largescale form of assemblage Washingtons work is presented in one and two person shows and receives thoughtful criticism His first international show was Black Moon Rising at the Jack Bell Read Article Achibald Motleys Chicago Paul Andrew Wandless Richard J Powell curator Archibald Motley A Jazz Age Modernist presented a lecture on March 6 2015 at the preview of the exhibition that will be on view until August 31 2015 at the Chicago Cultural Center A full audience was in attendance at the Centers Claudia Cassidy Theater for the lecture Powell is the John Bassett Read Article All is Fair in Love and Art Criticism A Sexually Predatory Cover Or Exquisitely Wrought Art with Academic Reference and Contemporary Relevance Does recent commentary about Kehinde Wiley cross the line from critical analysis to tirade and character assassination A firestorm of reaction and commentary recently erupted online and elsewhere among arts professionals and the general Read Article The Nigger Head Deep In All Of Our Heads Juliette Harris and Hermine Pinson Despite the advancement of colored people the nigger continues to rear its three or more heads The grotesque head most notably recently on the University of Oklahoma frat bus The paradoxical head in pop culture rap music in particular The sarcastic head in African American visual art The_________ fill in the blank The Read Article Missus Walkers Curious Traveling Exposition at the Driskell Center Jacqueline Trescott Since Kara Walkers groundbreaking art captured our attention in the mid1990s her admirers and critics have been debating the meaning of her silhouettes her sculpture even her statements Last year when I walked into the Domino Sugar Factory in Brooklyn and initially saw A Subtlety her mammoth Negroid sphinx I was speechless Read Article Math Artist Celebrates Pi Day Math and art became definitively connected in the IRAAA when mathematician turned math artist John Sims guest edited the Rhythm of Structure issue of the journal in 2004 A nerd from the hood Sims can dance just as good as he can count He demonstrates both skills on a music video that he issued on Read Article The Cooper Gallery of Harvard University John Welch A place where you can nourish and reflect and restore yourself Vera Grant In November 2014 Harvard University reopened its triad of university art museums under a single roof as envisioned by renowned architect Renzo Piano The universitys momentous art season began with a gala preview opening of the Ethelbert Cooper Gallery of Read Article Elizabeth Catlett 100 Years This year three major exhibitions commemorate the centenary of Elizabeth Catlett April 15 1915April 2 2012 Elizabeth Catlett A Celebration of 100 Years at the Hampton University Museum January 30 2015 November 14 2015 ELIZABETH CATLETT at the Stella Jones Gallery New Orleans April 11 July 30 2015 The Art of Elizabeth Catlett Read Article Hobson Lucas At Scope Art Fair On March 7 2015 Star Wars film director and Strange Magic producer George Lucas and his partner Mellody Hobson chair of Ariel Investments attended the SCOPE NYC Art Show and purchased a powerfully poignant piece by Kristine Mays four dresses fashioned from wire representing the four girls who perished in the 1963 church bombing in Read Article Artists to Make Sense of the State of Things Curator Okwui Enwezors plan for the International Art Exhibition at the Venice Biennale May 9 November 22 2015 vigorously engages art with geopolitics and economics Not long before Enwezors October 22 2014 announcement of his exhibition theme the world had witnessed constant upheavals the Ebola outbreak and ensuing Read Article Failures Lessons for Success As a visual arts professional she has a broad range of interests from to 19th century history to the tip of the contemporary edge Shes also has multiple roles curator professor art foundation advisor art and education policy wonk and critic whose essays have been published in The New Yorker Artforum Art in America and Read Article Whos At The Fair When the original Armory Show the International Exposition of Modern Art was held in New York in 1913 the black presence in the show was very limited but consequential the African art that captivated American avant grade artists and collectors and the Africaninfluenced works of the European Cubists What a difference 102 Read Article Architecture Design Obama Presidential Library Site to be Announced in March 2015 The Barack Obama Presidential Library Foundation is slated to announce the decision for the location of the library by the end of the March 2015 Three cities associated with the president Honolulu New York where he completed his undergraduate degree and Chicago Read Article And Still She Rises As a visual arts professional she has a broad range of interests from to 19th century history to the tip of the contemporary edge Shes also has multiple roles curator professor art foundation advisor art and education policy wonk and critic whose essays have been published in The New Yorker Artforum Art in America and Read Article Afropunk ABCs Diana McClure The Afropunk Festival debuted in 2004 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music BAM The music and cultural festival is the brainchild of music industry vet Matthew Morgan and filmmaker James Spooner In 2003 with their first collaboration a fropunk a documentary film spotlighting black punks in America the duo tapped into a cultural Read Article Art In Southern California Elizabeth A Watson In the Fall 2014 issue of IRAAA Daniel Grant describes the increased demand in the art market for works by African Americans While the works of modern artists like Norman Lewis and Romare Bearden now command higher prices at auctions contemporary artists are receiving greater attention in mainstream galleries and museums Several solo Read Article We Both Witnesses and the Dream This article is one in a series linking art and STEM science technology engineering math On the morning of January 1 2015 artist Vandorn Hinnant and his partner AnaMaria drew the The Seed of Life pattern into the sand at Wrightsville beach NC Hinnant says this configuration is the heart of the Flower of Life pattern that was advanced several decades ago by Drunvalo Melchezidek a scholar of Read Article Yale Mourns Passing of Robert Reed ROBERT REED MEMORIAL A memorialcelebration honoring Professor Robert Reed will take place at the School of Art on April 11 2015 from 25pm at the Schools 32 Edgewood Gallery Those planning to attend should rsvp to NatalieWestbrookyaleedu A scholarship fund in honor of Robert Reed has been established Memorial Read Article The Progression of Arem Duplessis Toni Wynn When people start working for Apple they disappear behind a clean white impeccably lit wallclean like the techno surfaces of the companys product packaging and covert like the FBI but the FBI wall is tan and scuffed at the bottom Arem Duplessis went to work as a creative director behind that pristine wall at 1 Read Article Titus Kaphars Time Magazine Commission With a timely magazine commission and an installation at the Studio Museum in Harlem Titus Kaphar currently is receiving high visibility for his work related to policing and incaration in this country TIME commissioned Kaphar to portray the Ferguson protestors who collectively were chosen as one of four runnersup for TIMEs 2014 Read Article Mississippi Homecoming The Yale MFA program could occupy an entire chapter in a future history of African American art and Felandus Thames would likely hold a prominent place within it Noted African American Yale MFA graduates from the 1960s include Howardena Pindell William T Williams and Bob Reed who joined the Yale art faculty and has become a campus legend Read Article Redemption Song This article was written and posted in November 2014 Therefore it does not take into account later revelations relating to the allegations about Bill Cosby and the court deposition and arraignment of Cosby Bill and Camille Cosby their friends and associates the living artists whose work they have collected their art advisor Read Article Commentary on the Commentary As controversies swirl around the Conversations African and African American Artworks in Dialogue exhibition art historian and museum educator John Welch joined the critical conversation This article is the first of two commentaries on the exhibition While this initial article takes issue with points made in a review of the Read Article Design for International African American Museum Curt Moody opened his own architectural firm with a twoperson staff and never dreamed that it would become one of the most respected architectural firms in the nation and the largest African Americanowned architectural firm in the country In September 2014 Moody Nolan was awarded the International Architecture Award for its work on the new Read Article On Digital Journeying from the Inside and Out When artists marry their shared life can be tumultuous Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera or disastrous Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes Ike and Tina Bobby and Whitney or creatively synergetic and lasting like the marriage of Jacob and Gwen Knight Lawrence Alice and John Coltrane Ruby and Ossie and fingers crossed Bey and Jay Read Article Interface of Blackface and Black Love Diana McClure 100 Years in PostProduction Resurrecting a Lost Landmark of Black Film History at the Museum of Modern Art NYC On November 8 2014 the Museum of Modern Art screened Bert Williams Lime Kiln Club Field Day 101yearold film footage from the earliest known feature film made with black actors The screening a world premiere is Read Article Zoe Whitleys Art World Zoe Whitley is an American curator in London whose profile rose considerably in her homeland when she coorganized with Naima J Keith The Shadows Took Shape the 201314 exhibition on Afrofuturism at the Studio Museum in Harlem that attracted large broad media attention She currently is assisting with the Tate Moderns Read Article Bad Faith and Universal Technique Diana McClure Mike Cloud has not been seduced by conceptual art That is not to say there is not a conceptual framework to his aesthetic It appears that he has taken a most challenging approach to his creative instinct engaging the intersection of concept and emotion to animate ideas in his work The first idea one encounters at the entrance to Mike Read Article Senga Nengudi Gylbert Coker In the early 1970s Senga Nengudi was among a small vanguard of African American artists who were exploring forms of conceptual art and performance art as part of their search for an African American aesthetic These artists looked at black musicians to understand how they were using European instruments as tools to develop new and creative Read Article Bright Star at Night Mary McNichols The Detroit art community lost an irreplaceable member Gilda Snowden b 1954 painter sculptor and educator to heart failure on Tuesday September 9 2014 She taught at the College for Creative Studies as professor of fine arts for 31years and previously at Wayne State University Her work is installed in many Read Article Ndebele Commission at the VMFA Juliette Harris In May 2014 when Richard Woodward boarded a plane for a 14hour flight to South Africa his longshot idea was moving closer to probability Woodward curator of African art at the Virginia Museum of Fine Art VMFA envisioned Ndebele murals being created at the Richmond museum by the foremost Ndebele artist herself The Read Article The Artist Lovingly Known As EJ Jacqueline Trescott Evangeline J Montgomery lovingly known as EJ has had many roles in American culture particularly the multilayered facets of African American art Montgomery now 84 has been a printmaker a metal and fiber artist museum worker curator arts administrator and mentor And she has always stepped forward as a spirited activist But Read Article Deborah Grant A Master of Reinvention John Welch I wanted to examine the idea of constant information bombardment or the chaos in the back of our minds juxtaposed with what is happening physically in front of us Deborah Grant interview with the author August 4 2014 Peering into the pictures of New Yorkbased artist Deborah Grant is akin to viewing the Read Article Kongo across the Waters Mary Lou Hultgren In the 1950s millions of Americans saw Desi Arnez beat the conga drum and chant Babalou during his night club act on I Love Lucy Thats how deep the Kongolese legacy had seeped into American culture without most people knowing that it had The people who could connect that pop cultural moment back to its AfroCuban Read Article i found god in myself Schomburg Center NYC September 19 2014 January 3 2015 In December 1974 Ntozake Shange and four other women peformed a poetry and dance piece in a womens bar near Berkeley CA that contributed to the formation a burgeoning selfaffirming literary movement for black women But during the 19761978 Broadway run of Shanges for colored girls whove considered suicidewhen the Read Article Wileys Latest World Stage Project Roberts Tilton Sept 13 Oct 25 2014 Culver City CA Right now our deepest challenge has to do with evoking a vocabulary that is just as effective at being free as it is at being bound Kehinde Wiley Kehinde Wiley made this frank admission to IRAAA in 2005 At that time when the culturati were still ruminating about the post black concept Wiley straddled Read Article Race Love and Labor Exhibit Curated by Sarah Lewis Since 1999 nearly 100 artists of color working in the photographic arts have created images during summer residencies at the Center for Photography in Woodstock CPW and have donated prints to the Centers permanent collection The exhibition Race Love and Labor New Work from the Center for Photography at Woodstocks Read Article Applying Art Criticism to Unpack Social Issues Commentary The top two images shown here were created to raise funds for the Michael Brown Jr Memorial fund The proliferation of artwork produced in the wake of the Michael Brown shooting is reminder of one role that those of us in the art community can play in the pursuit of social justice Another role is one uniquely suited to the Read Article An Art Critic on Diversity The UK has been the springboard for the international careers of black British artists and curators such as Chris Ofili winner of the Turner Prize the highest award given to a British visual artist Yinka Shonibare short listed for the Turner Prize Steve McQueen the noted 12 Years a Slave director studied art and design in London Read Article Jefferson Steps Down From CAAM Eric Hanks On July 18 2014 Charmaine Jefferson stepped down as executive director of the California African American Museum CAAM After 11 years of exemplary service she decided to return full time to private consulting work through her company Kelan Resources Among other things shell provide advice to organizations and institutions Read Article Hair Raising Talk Hermine Pinson On July 17 2014 the audience at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts VMFA in Richmond was treated to a lively discussion between Sonya Clark and Robert Pruitt artists represented in the Identity Shifts Works from VMFA April 26 July 27 2014 The conversation was moderated by Sarah Eckhardt the VMFA curator who organized the Read Article Holton Appointed to Permanent Position at Driskell Center The University of Maryland College of Arts and Humanities has announced the appointment of Curlee R Holton as the permanent executive director of the David C Driskell Center for the Study of the Visual Arts and Culture of African Americans and the African Diaspora and senior artistinresidence in the Department of Art Read Article Eclectic Bright Matter Some how she makes it work makes it all come together as art worthy of display in oneperson shows at noted galleries and major museums Thats the electic art of Shinique Smith combos of swatches of polyesterlooking fabric Japanese calligraphy graffiti tags acrylic painting done in a swirling kaleidoscopic style and Read Article Update to MAD Article Shes Organizing Two Major Exhibitions That Will Open in Fall 2014 Update After the article below was posted in July 2014 MAD provided press images for the show and we were pleased to note that Joyce J Scott is continuing her Buddha series When IRAAA first reported on the series in 1996 Joyce Scott described her beaded sculpture Buddha Supports Shiva Awakening the Races 1992 which was Read Article Case Model for Reviving a Struggling Arts Organization Sometimes a business professional not an arts professional can be the best fixer to turn around a struggling arts organization Such is the case with Sonya Halpern the new board chair of the National Black Arts Festival NBAF in Atlanta Once a major cultural venue the NBAF in recent years has been Read Article Remembering A Noted Art Historian Gallery Director and Educator Art historian Tritobia Hayes Benjamin recognized as one of the leading authorities on African American women artists and author of the Life and Art of Lois Mailou Jones died on June 21 after an extended illness Benjamin served Howard University with distinction for 42 years from her initial appointment as a member of the faculty in 1970 Read Article Inferno to Paradiso Sharon Patton Good things come to those who wait Conceived about a decade ago The Divine Comedy Heaven Hell Purgatory Revisited by Contemporary African Artists finally has taken form at the Museum fur Moderne Kunst Frankfort Germany and is on view through July 27 2014 The heavenhell dichotomy is apt for Africa nations ravaged by Read Article Anatomy of a Painting John Welch Between 1915 and 1970 more than 6 million AfricanAmericans moved out of the South to cities across the Northeast Midwest and West This relocation called the Great Migration resulted in massive demographic shifts across the United States Between 1910 and 1930 cities such as New York Chicago Detroit and Cleveland saw their Read Article Ken Montague Talks with Trevor Schoonmaker Transcribed and prepared for publication by John Welch Kenneth Montague a Torontobased art collector and founderdirector of Wedge Curatorial Projects in conversation with Trevor Schoonmaker chief curator and Patsy R and Raymond D Nasher Curator of Contemporary Art Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University at the National Gallery of Art Washington DC March 9 2014 Moderated by Read Article Posing Beauty and More Four African American and Africanthemed exhibitions currently on view at the VMFA plus generous representation of African American artists in the museums American art permanent collection exhibitions plus the museums other holdings representing cultures from around the world plus elegant installation design plus the Read Article Gone With The Meditation Cynthia HamOliver New Yorkbased artist Simone Leighs solo Gone South exhibition Atlanta Contemporary Art Center April 4May 31 2014 immediately grabs the viewers attention with the large scale of her pieces She uses hard ridge elements of metal and glass juxtaposed against soft rounded mostly earthtoned textured Read Article Art Conveying the Spirit of Maggie Walker All Images In This Article Courtesy of National Park Service Maggie L Walker National Historic Site Maggie Walker Commemorative Art Update Over 90 artist entries for the City of Richmonds Maggie Walker public art commission were reviewed by the site selection team The finalists came to Richmond present their public art proposals and a final selection will be made in early 2015 The estimated commission budget is 300000 The Read Article Eric Mack Emc2 Gylbert Coker UPDATE TO ARTICLE In early June 2014 the acquisitions committee of Atlantas High Museum accepted curator Michael Rooks recommendation that the museum acquire a painting by Eric Mack for the permanent collection In announcing the acquisition of Macks SRFC91 Rooks said I recommended Erics drawing firstly because it is Read Article Meet the Obuobis Yaw and Sharon Sharon Obuobi divides her time between New York and Ghana which is her springboard for travels through West Africa But in aiming to connect her strong lifelong interest in visual art to African empowerment her bailiwick is really the whole wide African diasporic world To make the connection she constantly employs multiple forms of social Read Article David Driskell Delivers Inspirational Talk It was a sermon if ever there was one a gospel of art The spiritual soul enriching qualities of creating viewing and collecting visual art was a recurring theme of the talk presented by David Driskell at the Hampton University Museum on April 5 2014 The occasion was the Curators Tea held in connection with the Read Article Both Sides Now Historian Artist Jacqueline Trescott At first glance the followers of Nell Irvin Painters illustrious career as a historian would think she could rest on her many laurels as she faced 70 But Painter harbored a secret passion And now these followers and new ones in the arts are watching her fulfill the connotation of her surname Nell Painter is now Read Article Edging Further Out in Charlotte Jonell Logan The Barker came for me She needs you inside he said I went and entered the 10foot high tent suspended from the ceiling in one of the Harvey B Gantt Center for AfricanAmerican ArtsCultures galleries There was a lot of nervous chatter outside but the moment I entered it all disappeared The tents plush red Read Article African Axis Toni Wynn All goes onward and outward nothing collapses And to die is different from what anyone supposed and luckier Walt Whitman from Song of Myself Which way is Mecca When is Easter five years from now When is it best to plant How does astrophysicist Thebe Medupe reckon with his South Read Article Called To Witness Juliette Harris The romance of Western civilization emerged from the ongoing retelling of great stories of artistic social intellectual and political upheaval the Renaissance the Enlightenment the industrial revolution the scientific revolutions of Darwin and Freud and the cultural revolutions of modernism in the arts People of color were Read Article Opens Spring Lilian Thomas Burwell IRAAA invited Lilian Burwell to help us celebrate the end of a severe winter with this imagery of awakening and renewal Burwell is a painter and 3D artist whose large works take the form of sinuous shapes carved out of the wood over which she stretches the canvas which becomes the ground for the painting She Read Article Sirius Play This article is one in a IRAAA series linking art and STEM science technology engineering math Demetrius Oliver often draws from astronomy in developing themes for his installation and video art In his early career he created photo collages on themes such as Emmett Till and the Underground Railroad which directly reflected Read Article Way To Go If Tina Dunkley had been in charge of celestial arrangements the sweet chariot swinging low to carry Richard A Long home would have been in the form of his 1974 yellow Datsun Her longtime friend and colleague did pass on peacefully of natural causes at age 86 at his home and in the African tradition of honoring the deceased one Read Article The Suppression of Dark Beauty and the Rise of Lupita Nyongo Juliette Harris Concerned about the bias against African features in the perception of black womens beauty a form of social oppression that is aesthetic visual artists countered this bias with so many delineations of dark womens beauty during the second half of the 20th century that such imagery finally became a Read Article Artist Terry Adkins and the Fisk University Legacy Hermine Pinson When she learned about the transition of Terry Adkins Hermine Pinson recalled their undergraduate years at Fisk University as the basis of a memorial tribute to him Terry Adkins May 9 1953 February 8 2014 was a noted multimedia and performance artist and professor of fine arts in the School of Design at the University of Read Article Bennies Picks 2013 McArthur Binion Ghost Rhythms Kavi Gupta Chicago Apr 6 Jun 22 2013 focused on the artists early career in 1970s New York City Like many of his peers Binion was influenced by the Abstract Expressionists and had McArthur Binion Ghost Rhythms Kavi Gupta Chicago Apr 6 Jun 22 2013 focused on the Read Article 2015 News and Events Johnsons Cartoons Encourage Our Kids Interest in Science and Technology Charles Johnson National Book Award and MacArthur Genius Award recipient began to develop drawing skills in his adolescence and now in later life is sharpening those skills by illustrating the Adventures of Emery Jones Boy Science Wonder series of books Read Article Born in the USA Jarvis DuBois In the late 1970searly 80s the conception of a melting pot America a melded homogenous cultural ideal gave way to multicultural America a distinctly multifaceted cultural ideal The concept of American diversity continues to evolve and is vividly exemplified by Andrea Read Article Subwoofers of Antiquity Elizabeth Watson In December of last year Verdine White the bassist of Earth Wind Fire joined singer Robin Thicke and rapper TI in performing the summer hit Blurred Lines at the broadcast Grammy nominations show While the bassist steadily bopped around the stage in a fuchsia suit the singer seductively worked his falsetto contained Read Article What Lies Beyond the Human and the Made John Welch From cubism to conceptual art the movement away from traditional aesthetics in Western art has been relentless Beauty and art were once thought of as belonging together with beauty as among arts principal aims and art as beautys highest calling says art historian David Beech However neither beauty nor Read Article Inge Hardison at 100 Alice Bernstein Inge Hardison sculptor actor and photographer celebrated her 100 th birthday on February 3 2014 She is best known for a series of bronze busts begun in 1963 of African Americans who fought slavery and led the struggle for civil rights and who at that time had not yet been acknowledged in the National Hall of Fame in Washington DC Read Article The Struggles Away or Towards This Peace Juliette Harris This chronicle of Amiri Barakas life in visual art does not successively refer to him by his given name and changing names Everett LeRoi Jones LeRoi Jones Imamu Amear Baraka Imamu Amiri Baraka and Amiri Baraka Instead for reasons relating to clarity style and deadlines we refer to him throughout by his final Read Article A Day At The Fair Revives Thorny Old Questions Glenn McNatt A visit to Miami Art Basel in December 2013 left no doubt in my mind that African American art and artists have now been firmly embraced by the mainstream art world From 20thcentury black old masters such as Jacob Lawrence and Romare Bearden to contemporary figures like Kehinde Wiley Martin Puryear and Kara Walker the Read Article African American Print Visual Media at the Natl Archives no 2 John Welch The collections at the National Archives include a trove of documents photographs and film related to African American artists We invited art historian John Welch to survey these materials and comment on what he finds in an occasional column Born Laura Wheeler on May 16 1887 in Hartford CT died on February 3 1948 in Philadelphia PA Read Article Art Basel Connects the African Diaspora Myrtis Bedolla In its 12 th edition Art Basel Miami Beach Dec 47 2013 remained the largest international art fair in United States and people flock there from every corner of the world The reasons for coming are as divergent as those who attend But for peoples of the African diaspora it provides an opportunity to connect through a shared Read Article Holidays At The Porters Article from IRAAA archives The winter holiday season was a special time for James A Porter and his family Porters daughter Coni Porter Uzelac recalled festive holiday gatherings at the Porter home in an article published in the print IRAAA v 20 n 3 2005 Known as the father of African American art history James A Read Article African American Print Visual Media at the Natl Archives no 1 John Welch The collections at the National Archives include a trove of documents photographs and film related to African American artists We invited art historian John Welch to survey these materials and comment on what he finds in an occasional column Hotel porter cook and stevedore in New York City c 191825 began formal art study 1921 Read Article HU Museum News David Driskell Delivers Inspirational Talk on Collecting Art at HU Museum It was a sermon if ever there was one a gospel of art The spiritual soul enriching qualities of creating viewing and collecting visual art was a recurring theme of the talk presented by David Driskell at the Hampton University Museum on April 5 2014 Read Article The Story Behind the Photograph The story behind this photograph is a poignant one Graphic designer and design critic Michele Washington says that when Angela Dodson editor of the nowdefunct magazine Black Issues Book Review decided to feature photographer Gordon Parks on the cover she as the designer on the job jumped at the idea of having Anthony Read Article Updates and Addenda for Faith Ringgold Who I Am and Why article The Faith RinggoldWho I Am and Why article is posted here Art and Film Robin Cembalest of Art News writes about Faith Ringgolds Die as a centerpiece of the new exhibitions at the Perez Museum in conjunction with Miami Basel and continuing through May 2014 The article links slavery themes in the movies to current art Read Article IRAAA History The International Review of African American Art formerly Black Art An International Quarterly Black Art An International Quarterly made its debut in 1976 It was published by Samella Lewis and two associates and included an article on Elizabeth Catlett with a fourpage color pullout reproduction of a Catlett print Boys The Read Article African Headdresses Turn Heads Fetching 305000 a Baga headdress from the Guinea Coast of Africa led the auction of African and Oceanic art on November 14 2013 at Bonhams New York The headress representing a dmba or idea of a beautiful mother was purchased by an important European dealer This auction room was packed with domestic and Read Article Varieties of Performance Art Today Elizabeth A Watson Renée Stout Tales of the Conjure Woman is on view at The Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art through December 14 2013 at the College of Charleston A video introduces Renée Stouts alter ego fortuneteller Fatima Mayfield alive and well producing alters and herbal apothecaries The works address the ageold trials of Read Article Rashid Johnson Update Since his 2009 solo exhibition at David Kordansky Gallery Los Angeles Rashid Johnsons career has steadily and smoothly advanced It wasnt always like that In Spring 2013 IRAAA charted the sometimes rocky rise of Rashid Johnson as background for our coverage of the Sam Gilliam exhibition that Johnson curated at Kordansky Read Article Meaning of Color Just pure color can tell a story In an 2009 IRAAA article on Odili Donald Odita v 22 no 3 art critic Lara Taubman said it was so For example she cited Oditas Torch Song from his 2008 Double Edge exhibition at Michael Stevenson Gallery in Cape Town SA and relayed the Read Article Bending Time Toni Wynn This article is one in a series linking art and STEM science technology engineering math Bending Time The Adventures of Emery Jones Boy Science Wonder by Charles and Elisheba Johnson Booktrope 2014 Young Charles Johnson was a lot like Emery Jones a whiz kid who loves creative play A serious student aspiring to become a Read Article ARTISTS STRETCH TO MEET MEASURE OF YARDSTICK PROJECT Lynn Sylvester In 2004 artist and activist Alonzo Davis established the Alonzo Davis Fellowship Endowment at the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts VCCA to give African American and Latino visual artists composers and writers time and space to work uninterrupted in a quiet studio the Blue Ridge Mountains The artists residency includes a Read Article Faith Ringgold Who I Am and Why Melanee Harvey essay Juliette Harris introduction A long line of enterprising artistically talented and mostly unknown women laid the foundation for Faith Ringgold to fulfill her dream of being a professional artist at a time when hardly anyone knew that African American women could work and excel as visual artists The line begins with Ringgolds designercouturier mother Willi Posey Read Article Artists Rally to Save Haitian Art Museum Michel Philippe Lerebours The leading repository of Haitian visual art the Musée dArt Haitien du Collège St Pierre was severely damaged by the 2010 earthquake and has not been repaired Haitian artists and collectors of Haitian art residing on the island and abroad have rallied to support the rebuilding by donating works to help fund Read Article Art of Water at Reservoir Studio Toni Wynn This article is one in a series linking art and STEM science technology engineering math If there is magic on this planet it is contained in water Loren Eiseley We have to make parts for the machine were using B Stephen Carpenter II On the Maryland culdesac where Stephen grew up the Carpenter house Read Article Steve Princes Portrait of a Marriage Valerie Sweeney Prince This piece like each of the others is about usPrince and me writes Valerie Prince in the article that follows The Old Testament Series Steve Prince explains is about an old love made new each day It represents his musing on what it has meant to be married for nearly 22 years Normally we do not seek commentary on Read Article Long Hard Road to Recognition Eugene J Martin 19382005 was a pioneering figure in the 1960s and 1970s in the transition from Abstract Expressionism to geometric constructed and biomorphic abstraction as well as a model for todays loose border between abstraction and representation His story is that of the legendary artist who sacrifices the comforts of a Read Article Art Across the Black Diaspora CelesteMarie Bernier In May 2013 I organized an international symposium with Hannah Durkin at the Rothermere American Institute University of Oxford UK on Art Across the Black Diaspora Visualizing Slavery in America This event was not only generously funded by a Terra Foundation for American Art Academic Program grant but was supported by the Art Read Article MY COUNTRY HAS NO NAME fayemi shakur It is the story that saves our progeny from blundering like blind beggars into the spikes of the cactus fence The story is the escort without it we are blind Chinua Achebe After 911 Nigerianborn artist Toyin Odutola noticed a shift starting in American society Odutolas perception was that the American Read Article Approximately Infinite Universe Elizabeth Watson The Spring 2013 issue of the IRAAA on popular culture digital technology and mass media spotlighted science fiction as a significant influence in contemporary African American art 1 So it is not surprising that the exhibition Approximately Infinite Universe includes several artists of African American descent Edgar Arceneaux Simone Read Article Representing the Unrepresentable Schwanda Rountree Kerry James Marshall has steadily risen since the early 1990s to become one of the most celebrated of American painters and one of a handful of contemporary African Americans whose canvases routinely sell in the sixfigure range His widespread recognition began in 1997 when he was awarded the coveted MacArthur Prize In Our Town Read Article Jati Lindsays Bright Moments Mark Swartz Jazz and photography are twin arts Both matured in the 20th century and came to exemplify the rigors and expressive potential of the modernist impulse In the 21st century both arts have had to adapt to new realities to avoid becoming obsolete For some jazz will never regain the majesty of John Coltrane and Miles Davis and photography will Read Article Dark Star New Works by Sanford Biggers Dark Star New Works by Sanford Biggersm Eric Firestone Gallery East Hampton NY July 6July 22 2013 A recent body of Biggers work has reflected on the journey of fugitives traveling the Underground Railroad through the deconstruction and repurposing of old quilts In the book Hidden in Plain View historian Read Article Seeing Beauty in Difference via the Obama Womens Travel Through Africa Juliette Harris Does an individuals personal beauty have a place in an art organizations outreach efforts and its historical and cultural preservation mission At the Hampton University Museum this question has been applied to the aesthetics of black womens appearance in a new global initiative Seeing Beauty in Difference SBD Read Article Scattered to the Wind Schwanda Rountree Installation artist Maya Freelon Asante collaborated with the bay breeze sweeping through the busy commercial district of Baltimore as she presented a debut piece as a performance artist called Scattered to the Wind The kinetic piece at the Bromo Seltzer Arts Tower rained colorful freefalling art down on all below See the Read Article Seeing Beauty in Difference Project is Semi Finalist in National Challenge IRAAAs Seeing Beauty in Difference project is a semifinalist for a national challenge sponsored by EmcArts Artsfwd initiative to promote next best practices for art organizations IRAAAs challenge is engaging artists art historians and other visual arts professionals people who have mastered the Read Article Art Elicited from a Site of Powerful Imaginaries Sharon F Patton Diaspora Dialogue is a concise exhibition that encompasses the aesthetic and symbolic maturation of three wellknown African modernist artists Hampton University professor Kwabena AmpofoAnti b 1949 former Howard University Professor Alexander Skunder Boghossian b 1937d 2003 and Victor Ekpuk b 1964 Curator Brian Read Article Mad with its Own Loveliness One of the pleasures of working with smart college students is that while their intellects approach adult sophistication their young minds are still sufficiently unclamped to allow a bit of lunacy to slip into the profundity Such was the case when IRAAA intern Kendall Johnson a Hampton University junior journalism major helped Read Article Visual Art of the Blues Jacqueline Trescott When you hear the blues the songs excite those deep feelings of loss burdens mistakes heartaches poverty and warnings about being wronged The visual art that salutes the blues music and culture doesnt evoke bad feelingsit is usually more celebratory The recent exhibition Blues for Smoke which I saw at its New Read Article The Fantasy World of Fred D Jones Jerry L Langley Frederick D Jones 19131996 was a prolific Chicago artist whose career spanned more than five decades During his formative years when a gritty urban social realism dominated the work of African American artists Jones developed a dreamy romantic style of fantasy His artwork was exhibited and marketed across the country and Read Article Amy Sherald A Second Life Marlisa Sanders As she was preparing to run a marathon in 2004 Baltimore artist Amy Sherald then 31 learned that she had heart failure Some people can live with congestive heart failure in its earlier stages and not know it In 2012 Sherald received a new heart Art is what got her through eight difficult years Now she is an artist on Read Article Photography Film and the African American Experience Jan Christian Bernabe Making a Promised Land Harlem in 20thCentury Photography and Film by Paula J Massood Bearing Witness from Another Place James Baldwin in Turkey with the foreword by Charles Johnson One Shot A Selection of Photographs by Reuben V Burrell edited by Vanessa ThaxtonWard Since its emergence in the early 19th century photography has had Read Article Rashid Johnson Curates Sam Gilliam Between 2001 when his work was represented in the Studio Museum of Harlems careerlaunching Freestyle show that to 2011 Rashid Johnson gamely tried his hand at photographic and installation art persisting in the wake of occasional thumbsdown from critics During that decade Johnson returned to school for a Read Article US Zulu Connection Cliff Hocker During the early 1900s Hampton University then called Hampton Institute was a vital link in the transfer of art and culture between South Africa and the United States Exchanges started then helped to shape South African history and live on in US art and society to this day That was a major theme of Global Zulu an Read Article 30 Magical Horses Schwanda Rountree For 14 magical days twice a day Grand Central Station Terminals Vanderbilt Hall was transformed into a collective dream space by Nick Caves choreographed dancing horses Heard NY the latest evolution of the Chicagobased artists colorful soundsuits was presented March 2531 by Read Article Reminders of Reincarnation When Africans dance in a traditional way they are not just expressing the beat With his Heard NY performance in Grand Central Terminals Vanderbilt Hall in March 2013 and his exhibition at the Denver Art Museum June 9September 22 2013 Nick Cave reminds us of the powerful motives of Africans who danced the Read Article Eclectic Bright Matter Some how she makes it work Makes it all come together as art worthy of display in oneperson shows at noted galleries and major museums Thats the electic art of Shinique Smith combos of swatches of polyesterlooking fabric Japanese calligraphy graffiti tags acrylic painting done in a swirling kaleidoscopic Read Article A Closer Look With Phil Freelon Freelon clinched its reputation as the nations leading African Americanowned architecture firm in 2009 when it won the commission to design the Smithsonians National Museum of African American History and Culture that opens on Mall in Washington DC in 2015 Its principal Phil Freelon also is a photographer who invites Read Article The Great Gathering in Paris Juliette Harris Writers photographers scholars artists curators and filmmakers converged in Paris January 1720 2013 for the Black Portraitures The Black Body in the West conference They dissected the image of that dark and often violated but resilient body at sessions on art fashion personal style and popular culture In addition to Read Article A Prodigy Dashed By Misfortune A Prodigy Dashed By Misfortune John J Farrars Life in Art is an extensive IRAAA cover story on John Farrar 19271972 an artist of extraordinary talent whose career was curtailed by alcoholism and mental illnesses The article was published in 2003 volume 19 number 2 Farrars estate has been managed by Read Article Merton Daniel Simpson September 20 1928 March 9 2013 Belinda Tate Like the Archimedean spiral Merton Daniel Simpsons creative aesthetic constantly expanded and ascended An esteemed painter jazz musician philanthropist art connoisseur and gallerist his reputation as one of Americas premiere experts in African and tribal art remains unrivaled Simpson was an influential connoisseur whose burgeoning Read Article FOUND A Gwendolyn Bennett Painting Jerry Langley For many years Gwendolyn Bennett 19021981 intrigued scholars of African American cultural history Who was this poet who also painted worked as a batik artist illustrator and community activist This woman who was a major creative force on the Harlem Renaissance and WPA scenes yet whose achievement remains a minor Read Article Rare Edmonia Lewis Photo Discovered Eric Hanks On a fall day in 2011 two Walters Art Museum colleagues walked into a Baltimore antique shop Jacqueline Copeland deputy director for audience engagement and Joaneath Spicer curator of renaissance and baroque art were looking for old photographs of persons of African descent for an exhibition to run parallel with a major exhibition Read Article In Memory of Reuben V Burrell The International Review of African American Art and Hampton University are deeply saddened to announce the passing of our beloved photographer Reuben V Burrell Affectionately known by his Hampton family as One Shot Burrell passed Tuesday February 3 2015 He would have celebrated his 96th birthday on February Read Article Tumoil and Blight Spark Creative Genius Marlisa Sanders When Jamea Richmond was about seven years old she and her older brother and his best friend were walking home from school and passed a beautiful abandoned church But they also saw something no child should ever see I remember a prostitute giving a man favors on the side of the Read Article VMFA Focus on African American Art Cliff Hocker Among southern arts institutions Richmonds Virginia Museum of Fine Arts has been a leader in supporting African and African American art and its appreciation In 1944 art students at Hampton Institute now university exhibited at the VMFA along with students from 11 other colleges The quality of the Hampton Read Article Below the Border Melanee C Harvey Eternal Presence Danforth Museum Framingham Massachusetts November 15 2012 March 24 2013 John Wilson Mexico 19501956 Martha Richardson Fine Art Gallery Boston Massachusetts through November 3 2012 Nestled in the Newbury Street corridor of Bostons Back Bay community the Martha Richardson Fine Art Gallery Read Article An Unheralded Hero Cliff Hocker Singersongwriterplaywright Nneena Freelon insists that we recognize the black washerwoman as a super hero of American history The arduous work of making soap from ashes and lard rubbing soiled clothes on a scrub board boiling clothes in a large pot and stirring them with a stick ironing them with a heavy flat iron heated from a Read Article Art Basel Miami Beach Preview Erica Agyeman The ongoing debate and uneasy relationships between commercial art galleries public museums and private collectors renewed with the eleventh installation of Art Basel Miami Beach opening this week Art Basel Miami Beach officially kicked off Wednesday with a series of VIP events attracting art collectors and stars like P Diddy Tommy Read Article In the Eye of the Muses Jan Christian Bernabe In the Eye of the Muses Selections from the Clark Atlanta University Art Collection commemorates two historically significant events in African American art history the 70th anniversary of the formation of the collection and the 60th year anniversary of the unveiling of Hale Woodruffs mural The Art of the Negro The volume is Read Article Art to the Rescue of the Head Painter book illustrator sculptor Daniel Minter believes that its the artistic styling of the hair and the spiritual presentation of the head that accentuates black womens beauty not necessarily the length or altered texture A womans journey to realizing her own beauty is similar to the creative process of Read Article Heady Aesthetics Body art Walking sculptures Coiled braided threaded or in intricate twists and turns the traditional hairstyles of African women were magnificent works of personal art These styles expressed the womens beliefs and identities in skillfully artistic ways Today however Ghanaian artist Kwabena Read Article FROM RAGS TO RENOWN Hambone hambone where you been Round the world and back again The extensive resourcefulness of traditional southern African American culture is expressed in this pithy ditty Poor folks downhome passed a hambone from house to house to house to season each pot until the flavor was totally cooked out of the Read Article Art Education Journal Explores Culturally Responsive Teaching Special Issue of Art Education the journal of the National Art Education Association September 2012 vol 65 no 5 Art education editor Christine Ballengee Morris is Professor of Art Education at The Ohio State University Email Morris390osuedu Guest editor Debra Ambush is an adjunct professor at Corcoran College of Art and Read Article Photography and The Negro in Chicago Rachel Tolano Part I Representing Riot This article is one of a series of essays addressing art as seen through the eyes of four budding scholars Art history graduate students at Boston University they are interested in exploring the uncharted bounds of African American and African Disporan visual culture The Negro in Chicago A Study of Race Relations Read Article Turn of the Imagination This article is one in a series linking art and STEM science technology engineering math Demetrius Oliver is one of several STEMminded visual artists invited by IRAAA to comment on assertions made in an article in the art and design section of the UKs Guardian Science is more beautiful than art headlines the Read Article Turn of the Imagination Demetrius Oliver is one of several STEMminded visual artists invited by IRAAA to comment on assertions made in an article in the art and design section of the UKs Guardian Science is more beautiful than art headlines the piece Astonishingly artful images of natural phenomena are being captured by astronomers Read Article Telling the Story to the Eye Anjuli J Lebowitz This article is one of a series of essays addressing art as seen through the eyes of four budding scholars Art history graduate students at Boston University they are interested in exploring the uncharted bounds of African American and African Disporan visual culture On January 30 1864 Harpers Weekly published a doublepage Read Article BEAUTY AND THE DEBATES Cliff Hocker Art may point to clues to what matters not only in the aesthetic realm but also the hardnosed rough and tumble competition of politics Aspects of art just might come into play regarding who wins or loses the election for US president who wins in the TV debates between challenger Mitt Romney and incumbent Barack Obama More on Read Article A Rising Generation of Art Historians Critics Jeffrey C Stewart Youth Speaks I invoke Alain Lockes clarion call of the 1925 Harlem issue of Survey Graphic that launched the Harlem Renaissance for more than rhetorical reasons For Locke believed in something called Negro Art not an essentialist claim to prominence by phenotypically similar artists but an area of knowledge understudied and Read Article Cultivated Hair Marlisa Sanders For more than two decades artist Sonya Clark has been obsessed with hair No she does not wear a weave Rather shes fascinated with the infinite sculptural possibilities suggested by the squiggly lines emanating from black folks heads Now as chair of Virginia Commonwealth Universitys craftmaterial Read Article Ten Thousand Waves Isaac Juliens Current Project Julia Neal This article is one of a series of essays addressing art as seen through the eyes of four budding scholars Art history graduate students at Boston University they are interested in exploring the uncharted bounds of African American and African Disporan visual culture Are we all immigrants emigrants and Read Article The David C Driskell Center in Transition Jerry Langley The transition in leadership at the University of Marylands Driskell Center illustrates how this cultural institution stands at the confluence of several streams in the history of African Americans their education and their art There is the outgoing executive director Robert E Read Article USpace Gallery Stefano Patton In the second gallery I dragged a chair to a corner in the room Reluctantly I stepped on the furniture I thought to myself My mother would be mortified However I was the only one mortified as I came facetowall with an interactive piece of art A black wall confronted visitors with an invitation for them to Read Article The 3rd Annual Artisan Series Competition BOMBAY SAPPHIRE and Russell and Danny Simmons Rush Philanthropic Art Foundation continue their longstanding partnership with the Artisan Series in 2012 The Artisan Series competition occurs at various venues across the country and provides an exceptional opportunity for talented emerging artists to showcase their works Read Article The Pleasures and the Perils of Abstraction Jordana Moore Saggese It has been 45 years since artist Raymond Saunders famously declared black is a color In an era of social activism Saunders argued for his own indifference to the whims of those who placed the burden of politics on black expression Art he wrote projects beyond race Read Article Swimming Upstream Cliff Hocker What a difference a few decades make Even as late as the 1980s works created by artists of African descent got little exposure in mainstream American museums By the 21st century many of these institutions were regularly exhibiting and adding African American art to their permanent collections Much of the credit for this change Read Article Trans African Photography Project Erica Agyeman Photography is often perceived as a medium with a unique capacity to capture truth By design a collective of artists mitigates any singular vision of truth or any one artists choice of content Founded in Lagos Nigeria in 2009 by Emeka Okereke the Invisible Borders TransAfrican Photography Project is a Read Article The Alonzo Davis Fellowship Tosha Grantham Pioneering gallerist and artist Alonzo Davis spearheaded the Black Arts Movement in Los Angeles With brother Dale Alonzo Davis founded the Brockman Gallery in 1967 at 4334 Degnan Blve Artists who showed there included David Hammons Elizabeth Catlett Charles White John Biggers John Outterbridge Romare Bearden and Read Article Discovering God Cliff Hocker This article is one in a series linking art and STEM science technology engineering math Doris Colbert Kennedy is excited For years Kennedys oil paintings have depicted her intuitions of how the universe holds together Inspired by the otherworldly speculations of theoretical physicists her imaginative canvases have captured realms Read Article Bad Taste in the Mouth Ashleigh Coren It was almost exactly ten years ago that Saartjie Baartmans remains were finally returned to her homeland of South Africa after years of being on display and later stored at the Musee de lHomme in France The peace that Baartman so rightfully deserves continues to be disrupted by the legacy of the Venus Hottentot Read Article Art History Center Stage Misty Brown and Dianne WhitfieldLocke Washington DCbased playwright Jacqueline E Lawton s new play The Hampton Years is about artists John Biggers Elizabeth Catlett Samella Lewis Charles White and art professor Viktor Lowenfeld the Austrian Jewish immigrant who created the art department at Hampton University The Hampton Years celebrates the legacy of these outstanding Read Article Quilting Links US and Africa Pearlie Johnson The growing phenomenon of globalization includes a unique intradiasporic exchange of ideas in textile making between Africans and African Americans Traditional West African textile techniques particularly narrowstrip weaving has influenced 19th and 20th century African American strip quilting in North America As a result of the Read Article Expanded Narratives Recent Scholarship in African American Art Floyd Coleman Anna O Marley ed Henry Ossawa Tanner Modern Spirit Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts Philadelphia Berkeley and Los Angeles University of California Press 2011 Samella Lewis and the African American Experience February 25 April 21 2012 West Hollywood CA Louis Stern Fine Arts Participating Gallery Pacific Read Article Sword That Cuts Both Ways CelesteMarie Bernier 1980s Britain witnessed the brassy multifaceted emergence of a new generation of young blackBritish artists Practitioners such as Sonia Boyce and Keith Piper were exhibited in galleries up and down the country and reviewed approvingly But as the 1980s generation gradually but noticeably fell out of favor the 1990s Read Article Upcoming Issue of the International Review of African American Art Spring 2014 vol 25 no 1 The Black Market The market for works by African American artists continues to grow Yet as elsewhere in the art world the gains are uneven the majority of benefits accruing to a minority of artists dealers and institutions This at time when economic disparity in black communities is increasing more quickly than economic Read Article Harvey Art Museum to be Established at Talladega College Talladega alumnus and Hampton University President William Harvey and his wife Norma Harvey have made a gift of over 1 million to establish the William R Harvey Art Museum at Talladega College The Harvey Art Museum will be the new home of the acclaimed Hale Woodruff Amistad Murals and kicks off the 5 million Rise Up Ring True Campaign Read Article Creative Spirit The Art of David C Driskell Debra Ambush Creative Spirit The Art of David C Driskell with essays by Floyd Coleman Adrienne L Childs and Julie L McGee Published by the David C Driskell Center for the Study of the Visual Arts and Culture of African Americans and the African Diaspora at the University of Maryland College Park In what is essentially a Read Article The Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery in Nantes France Dowoti Désir The Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery le Mémorial de labolition de lesclavage is one of the largest monuments in the world dedicated to slavery and its abolition Roughly half a block long this underground structure is designed largely in glass cement and wood It captures the words of a variety of voices from Read Article A Glimpse of What Lurks Beneath the Surface In this first volume of the series Cinque Hicks founding creative director of the series and fellow art critics Jerry Cullum and Catherine Fox offer a gritty truetolife depiction of the ways of life experienced by the artists and residents of Atlanta Noplaceness refers to art that addresses shifting concepts of space and place Read Article Rivers and Memories Brentwood Arts Exchange Washington D C EJ Montgomery and Lilian Thomas Burwell are brimming with ideas for new works They also have learned to easily bend with the challenges of the creative process understanding that unexpected obstacles ultimately can result in work that is even better than what they intended Aptly described as two Read Article | [
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http://ire.udel.edu/definitions/ | Home Institutional Research Data Information Dashboards Annual Publications Decision Support & Resources Links for UD Department Chairs Links for External Community Business Intelligence BI Getting Started with IBM Cognos IRE Data & Report Request BI IBM Cognos Training BI Standard Reports BI IBM Cognos User Guides BI – IBM Cognos Software Support Delaware Cost Study Delaware Cost Study Higher Education Consortia Contact Us Contact Us IRE Staff IR Staff BI Staff HEC Staff Definitions and Calculations for the Delaware Cost Study Part II : Academic Department / Discipline Click here to return to Web Portal Home Page Definition Disciplines Degree Offerings All Majors Instructional Workload / Regular Faculty Supplemental Faculty Teaching Assistants Student Credit Hours Organized Class Sections Fall On - line Student Credit Hours Examples Discipline - Example / Explanation Degree Offering - Example / Explanation All Majors - Example / Explanation Instructional Workload Regular - Example / Explanation Supplemental - Example / Explanation Teaching Assistants - Example / Explanation Student Credit Hours ( SCH ) - Example / Explanation Organized Class Sections ( OCS ) - Example / Explanation Fall on - Line SCH - Example / Explanation Part III : Fiscal Year Total Student Credit Hours On - Line Student Credit Hours for the Academic Year Direct Expenditure Data / Instructional Budget Only Salaries Benefits Other Than Personnel Costs Research Public Service Total SCH - Example / Explanation On - Line SCH for AY - Example / Explanation Other Than Personnel Costs - Example / Explanation Public Service - Example / Explanation | [
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http://irelandnow.com/language.html | Holidays | Recipes | Authors | Art | Homes | Language The Rosary Wedding Traditions Article 8 of the Constitution makes the following affirmation : 1 . The Irish language as the national language is the first official language . 2 . The English language is recognised as a second official language . Irish is a Celtic language and , as such , is a member of the Indo - European family of languages . Within the Celtic group , it belongs to the Goidelic branch of insular Celtic . Irish has evolved from a form of Celtic which was introduced into Ireland at some period during the great Celtic migrations of antiquity between the end of the second millennium and the fourth century BC . Old Irish , Ireland ' s vernacular when the historical period begins in the sixth century of our era , is the earliest variant of the Celtic languages , and indeed the earliest of European vernaculars north of the Alps , in which extensive writings are extant . The Norse settlements ( AD 800 onwards ) and the Anglo - Norman colonisation ( AD 1169 onwards ) introduced periods of new language diversity into Ireland , but Irish remained dominant and other speech communities were gradually assimilated . In the early sixteenth century , almost all of the population was Irish - speaking . The main towns , however , prescribed English for the formal conduct of administrative and legal business . The events of the later sixteenth century and of the seventeenth century for the first time undermined the status of Irish as a major language . The Tudor and Stuart conquests and plantations ( 1534 - 1610 ) , the Cromwellian settlement ( 1654 ) , and the Williamite war ( 1689 - 91 ) followed by the enactment of the Penal Laws ( 1695 ) , had the cumulative effect of eliminating the Irish - speaking ruling classes and of destroying their cultural institutions . They were replaced by a new ruling class , or Ascendancy , whose language Irish continued as the language of the greater part of the rural population and , for a time , of the servant classes in towns . From the middle of the eighteenth century , as the Penal Laws were relaxed and a greater social and economic mobility became possible for the native Irish , the more prosperous of the Irish - speaking community began to conform to the prevailing middle - class ethos by adopting English . Irish thus began to be associated with poverty and economic deprivation . This tendency increased after the Act of Union in 1800 . By 1891 , the number of Irish speakers had been reduced to 680,000 and , according to that year ' s census of population , Irish speakers under the age of ten represented no more than 3.5 % of their age - group . When the position began to stabilise early in the twentieth century , Irish remained as a community language only in small discontinuous regions , mainly around the western seaboard . These regions are collectively called the Gaeltacht . In the 1991 census , the population of the officially - defined Gaeltacht aged three years and over Towards the end of the eighteenth century the Anglo - Irish Ascendancy had begun to develop an academic interest in the Irish language and its literature . Academic interest later merged with a concern for the survival of spoken Irish as its decline became increasingly evident . Language - related activity grew throughout the nineteenth century and , following the establishment in 1893 of the Gaelic League , or in Irish Conradh na Gaeilge , the objective of maintaining and extending the use of Irish as a vernacular fused with the renewed separatist movement which culminated in the establishment of The State has made various provisions for the maintenance and promotion of the language . Irish is an obligatory subject at primary and second level schools . The Department of Arts , Culture and the Gaeltacht has responsibility for promoting the cultural , social , and economic welfare of the Gaeltacht , and more generally for encouraging the use of Irish as a vernacular . The Department has two statutory boards under its aegis : ï ¿ ½darï ¿ ½s na Gaeltachta ' Gaeltacht Authority ' , some of whose members are elected by the people of the Gaeltacht , Main source of information : Department of Foreign Affairs Holidays Recipes | Authors Art Homes Language The Rosary Wedding Traditions | [
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http://irelandroots.com/irish-ancestry.htm | Ireland Roots Special Offer Through this site you can avail of a 25 % discount on the online courses from the " Family History Daily " website . They also have a multitude of useful and free genealogy articles available on their site . For more information see our section on Family History Daily Irish Ancestry The interest in family ancestry , including Irish ancestry , is on the increase annually . Worldwide , almost 75 million people have ancestors who originated in Ireland and , as a consequence , there has been a significant rise in the number of Irish descendants seeking to trace their Irish ancestry . Irish Ancestors Many people of Irish descent are interested in finding out more about their ancestors who left Ireland years ago or , indeed , continued to live there all their lives . However , most people who begin this research are not genealogists and , even with the ongoing development of the Internet , researching Irish Genealogy can often prove difficult . A substantial amount of the 19th century Irish census data has been lost or destroyed and , as there is no dedicated Genealogy Ireland centre , the information on Irish ancestry is very splintered . Although there are quite a number of websites that provide information on Irish ancestry , there are still many records that are not easily accessible and take a good deal of effort to find . The ideal solution is a single resource that pulls all the information together into a structured and comprehensive step by step method for tracing your Irish roots . Irish Genealogy Ancestry Now , there is a ' one stop ' approach for researching your roots in Ireland . Irish Genealogy Ancestry are Irish authors based in Ireland with extensive archived resources to find Irish ancestry . They have produced a package to save you time in researching your roots in Ireland . The package includes tutorials such as : How to use the internet to research your roots The best Internet websites containing online records Step by step instructions on how to best research these resources Simplifying sourcing historical data offline Tools and add ons to simplify your research This package will help clarify the process of tracing Irish ancestry , even for people who are unfamiliar with the methods of doing so . It could save many hours of trying to trace suitable genealogy resources or a lot of money getting someone to do the research for you . With the package you can begin your own search for your ancestors immediately . | [
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http://irelandroots.com/moore.htm | Ireland Roots Special Offer Through this site you can avail of a 25 % discount on the online courses from the " Family History Daily " website . They also have a multitude of useful and free genealogy articles available on their site . For more information see our section on Family History Daily Irish Surname - Moore The surname Moore is today one of the top twenty most common surnames in Ireland and the great majority of these are in Munster and Ulster . Moore may be of English , Irish , Welsh or Scottish origin and it is practically impossible to say what proportion of today ' s descendants are of Gaelic Irish origin and what proportion of English extraction . It might be more accurate to say Anglo - Norman rather than English extraction , as the Anglo - Norman Moores established themselves in Munster soon after the invasion . These Moores were called ' The old Irish Moore surname is believed to derive from the Gaelic ' O ' Mordha ' - ' O ' meaning descendant of , and ' Mordha ' , meaning great , chief , mighty or proud . The Gaelic O ' Mordha sept were based in County Laois in the Province of Leinster , where they were the leading sept of the famous ' Seven Septs of Laois ' . A number of O ' Mordhas of the Laois sept were officers of the Irish Brigade in France in the 18th century . In Griffiths Valuation c1850s , Moores were found in many counties including Down ( 404 households ) , Antrim ( 376 ) Laois ( 290 ) and Tyrone ( 237 ) , Clare ( 20 ) and Sligo ( 13 ) . Famous People Fr Michael Moore ( 1640 - 1726 ) , Irish priest , preacher and professor , the only Catholic provost of Trinity College Dublin . Thomas Moore ( 1779 - 1852 ) was an Irish poet , singer , songwriter and entertainer , best remembered for the lyrics of ' The Minstrel Boy ' and ' The Last Rose of Summer ' . The famous Moore family of Moore Hall in County Mayo descended from the Moores of Alicante , Spain , who were English in origin . They were involved in Irish politics from the 1798 Rising to the War of Independence . The Moores were wealthy landlords but their philosophy was not to evict their tenants . In fact they imported 4,000 tonnes of grain in the late 1840s , during the Great Famine , to feed their tenants . Famous members of the Moore Hall family included the politician George Henry Moore ( 1810 - 1870 ) , his two Coat of Arms Green with a gold lion and three gold stars at the top Motto Vincit veritas = Truth conquers Researching Irish Surnames We have only scratched the surface with information on Irish surnames . If you have an interest in helping to develop this area of our site contact surnames @ irelandroots . com for more information and to find out how you could be remunerated . You can also see a more extensive collection of surnames at House of Names where you can also purchase all kinds of memorabilia with your family crest Ireland Roots Message Board Leave a message on our Facebook page if you ' re researching this surname | [
"Irish Surname",
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http://irisharoundtheworld.com/meaning-behind-slainte-famous-irish-toast/ | April 11 , 2019 The Green Man – An Anchient Celtic Symbol Of Rebirth As part of my ongoing Celtic Symbols article , the Green Man has been one I have been looking forward to writing about for quite some time . Resea . . . April 11 , 2019 Father Ted Is Voted Second Best Comedy Of All Time I was very happy to see that Father Ted is voted second best comedy of all time ! It has to be one of my favourite Irish series ever ! If it has b . . . 10 Irish Celtic Symbols Explained And Their Meanings In 2019 For centuries , Celtic symbols and signs held incredible power for the ancient Celts in every way of life . The word “ Celtic ” refers to peop . . . April 9 , 2019 Cheapest Way To Send Money To Ireland With The Best Rate The best and cheapest way to send money to Ireland There is a lot of information online about how to send money to Ireland . If you are looking for a q . . . April 7 , 2019 Irish People Try Italian Treats , Alcohol And Desserts Irish people try a whole lot of Italian things ! I love going through old viral videos on YouTube , especially when they are Irish related ! Over t . . . March 28 , 2019 Dad Goes Viral Singing ‘ Incredible ’ Ave Maria For Daughter At Disney World Well , well you will not be expecting a voice on this incredible singer . A volunteer firefighter has received worldwide praise after a video of him sin . . . March 24 , 2019 Countdown To St Patrick ’ s Day 2020 We all had a great St Patrick ’ s day in 2019 so I said it would be fun to create a small countdown timer for next year . I will be ad . . . March 23 , 2019 Northern Lights may be visible in Ireland this weekend Well , my Facebook news feed is full of reports that the northern lights will be visible over Ireland this weekend ! I hope it is true , these & # 82 . . . March 18 , 2019 Incredible Irish Version Of U2 ’ s With Or Without You ( Gaeilge ) I have said it before but songs like this are saving the Irish language . It is incredible to see what TG Lurgan have put together . From their breathta . . . March 15 , 2019 St Patrick ’ s Day Jokes – 10 Cheesy Short One - Liner Irish Jokes I have had quite a few requests for some St Patrick ’ s day jokes so I put this article together for you . I know . . I know they are cheesy ! Y . . . March 15 , 2019 Happy St Patrick ’ s Day 2019 – Messages And Sayings To Share I thought in the spirit of St Patrick ’ s Day 2019 I would add some lovely quotes and sayings that you are free to share with friends and family o . . . March 14 , 2019 The Muppets Singing “ Danny Boy ” For St Patrick ’ s Day If there is one song that has been sung over and over again , it would have to be Danny Boy . You would be amazed over the years how many people h . . . March 13 , 2019 Dúlamán – A Surprising Traditional Irish Song From Ireland – “ Seaweed ” Looking for a new traditional Irish song ? Well , technically this song is not “ new ” but the performance is . This song will stay with . . . March 9 , 2019 Irish Cows Line Up To Listen To Cork Girl Playing Irish Music – It ’ s Incredible It has been a fun week for me , the website just reached over 1 million visitors ! So thank you for watching , reading and sharing . Many of you hav . . . March 8 , 2019 10 Breathtaking Irish Dancing Videos From Around The World When it comes to Irish dancing , those who study it know how many hours of dedication it takes to learn . Yet , in these videos that I have found you wil . . . March 8 , 2019 St Patrick ’ s Day 2019 Party Songs – Irish Pub Songs Collection ( 4 + Hours ) In the build - up to St Patrick ’ s day 2019 , I thought it would be great to find a handy playlist of great Irish music you could have on in the bac . . . March 7 , 2019 10 Sensational Things To Do In Cork County , Ireland 2019 There is certainly a lot of unmissable things to do in Cork . I spent many years in Cork and absolutely love this city . The city , often overlooked by m . . . March 6 , 2019 Every Iconic Landmark Turning Green This St Patrick ’ s Day 2019 St Patrick ’ s day is only a few days away ! You may have noticed every year there has been more and more iconic monuments lighting up . Well , it is . . . March 6 , 2019 The 17 Most Interesting St Patrick ’ s Day Facts – 17th March 2019 So the day is fast approaching us , maybe you are reading these St Patrick ’ s day facts on St Patrick ’ s day ? Maybe you are having a debate w . . . March 5 , 2019 Effortless Green Mac And Cheese For St Patrick ’ s Day ( Healthy Version ) Well , I know what I will be making this St Patrick ’ s day , this delicious Green Mac and Cheese recipe . And no I have n ’ t converted int . . . 1 2 3 6 Next Page » | [
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http://irishsurnames.com/beasts.htm | Lion Fierce Courage . In Ireland the Lion represented the ' lion ' season , prior to the full arrival of Summer . The symbol can also represent a great Warrior or Chief . Lawlor Dillon Condon Tiger Fierceness and valour Fish Of Regal origin , one of high nature . In Ireland the Fish is associated with the legend of Fionn who became the first to taste the ' salmon of knowledge ' . The Celtic ' Otherworld ' was often a place of water , a lake or sea , where would dwell Gods represented by fish . Roche O ' Neill Bear Fierce Protection McKee Wolf Perseverance in siege or effort Callaghan Wilson Leopard Valiant and enduring warrior Wheeler Price Rice Horse Readiness for duty O ' Halloran Rush Bull Valour and magnanimity Buckley Boar Fierce fighter , fights to the death . In Ireland the boar is one of the most popular charges . The meat of the boar was considered to be food of the Celtic Gods . The symbol of the boar was worn in battle as a charm against injury . Hanley Sweeney Boars Head Hospitality Pierce Healy Conies ( Hares and Rabbits ) Peace - loving Gaffney Fox Wise defence , wisdom Dog ( Talbot , Greyhound ) Courage , fidelity , loyalty Allen Gaffney Dolphin Affection , charity O ' Regan Tortoise Invulnerability Conlon Griffin Valiant soldier - to the death , Vigilance . In Ireland the worship of the sun in pre - Christian times was often represented by the Griffin . It later became a symbol of gold - ' yellow light ' . Lowe Griffin Dragon Valiant defender McGillycuddy Stag , Buck or Deer Skillful , Politic , lover of harmony . In Ireland the Stag was one of the most ancient of charges and was regarded as the most handsome . The Stag represents the very ancestors of the Celtic race . Green Hennessy Snake . Wisdom . In Ireland the Snake was a symbol of fertility and renewal , and also , because of its forked tongue , was associated with lightning and the sun . Donovan Hayes O ' Dea | [
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http://irismitigation.com/soil-and-water-quality/ | Soil and Water Quality IRIS Mitigation and Design , Inc . ( IRIS ) conducts soil sampling and soil quality analysis early on in project design to assist in appropriate plant selection and soil amendment planning . IRIS collects soil samples from topsoil , subsoil , and stockpiled topsoil areas separately as necessary . IRIS also recommends sampling imported topsoil before it is brought on - site to determine soil quality and whether further soil amendments will be necessary . IRIS delivers soil samples to a soil testing laboratory and provides soil amendment recommendations tailored to what will be seeded and planted on the IRIS tests for a minimum of the following soil condition parameters : Soil Texture - characterizes soil into a percentage of sand , clay , and / or silt based on particle size to assist with appropriate plant species selection . pH – measures the hydrogen ion activity in solution . A pH of less than 6 indicates acidic soil conditions while a pH greater than 8.0 indicates alkaline soil conditions . A soil pH of 6.5 is best for plant nutrient availability . Electrical Conductivity ( EC ) - measures the amount of free salt in soil . Soils with greater than 4 mmhos / cm may have elevated saline conditions . Free Lime – determines the amount of calcium carbonate and magnesium in the soil . Too much or too little lime in the soil poses differing issues for vegetation establishment . Nitrogen ( N ) – Phosphorus ( P ) – Potassium ( K ) are standard soil nutrient indicators for plant vigor and health depending on concentrations in the soil . Saturation Percentage – is the amount of water needed to saturate soil ( percentage by weight ) . Results of greater than 80 may indicate high clay content and / or high sodium quantities . Results of less than 25 may indicate more sandy soil content with low water - holding capacity . Organic Matter Content – Good topsoil should contain at least 2 % organic matter . Exchangeable Cations – Calcium ( Ca ) , Magnesium ( Mg ) , Sodium ( Na ) , and Potassium ( K ) are standard indicators for plant growth , vigor and health depending on concentrations in the soil . Sodium and Sodium Absorption Ratio ( SAR ) – SAR is an indirect measure of the percentage of exchangeable sodium on the soil particle . Values of less than 6 are desirable for topsoil . Soils with higher sodium conditions will require salt tolerant plant species selection . Once the soil has been tested and the results analyzed , soil amendments may be needed to improve soil condition prior to seeding and planting the site . IRIS will assist in explaining the soil test results and what additional soil amendments may be needed . If amendments are needed based on the soil test , amendments may include but are not limited to : slow release organic fertilizers , chemical fertilizers , compost , peat , humates , sulfur , gypsum , lime , wood chips and soil micro - organisms . Many sites with low organic matter ( including overworked agricultural soils , steep slopes , and sub - soils ) will benefit from the addition of a slow release organic fertilizer . Chemical fertilizers are avoided as they generally have higher phosphorus and nitrogen levels , which encourage weedy growth that competes with the desirable planted and seeded species . IRIS will assist in soil amendment selection , application and integration prior to seeding and planting the site . Water Quality Sampling and Analysis Understanding and managing water quality is essential for overall aquatic resource management . The most common pond and lake problems such as excess weeds , poor water color , offensive odors , rapid sludge accumulation , and fish kills are a result of compromised water quality . High nutrient content can result in excess weed and algae growth , which in turn can lead to other problems . Because of the important effect of water quality on pond and lake management , understanding and improving water quality is a crucial part of aquatic resource management . IRIS Mitigation and Design , Inc . assists with water quality issues by completing overall lake and pond area assessments and by collecting water and aquatic vegetation samples for analysis . The following water quality parameters are tested for and analyzed for overall water quality pond conditions : Depending on existing pond conditions and following water quality sampling analysis IRIS will recommend a combination of the following lake and pond treatments : Alkalinity ( as CaCO3 ) Ammonia – Total Conductivity Dissolved solids – Total Hardness ( as CaCO3 ) Iron Magnesium Manganese Nitrate as Nitrogen pH Phosphorous Potassium Sodium Sulfate Turbidity Zinc Aeration systems are beneficial for more shallow ponds and lakes by adding oxygen , increasing water circulation , and through promoting anaerobic decay of organic materials , ideally reducing phosphorus concentrations and increasing the carrying capacity of the pond . Beneficial bacterial treatments ( often coupled with aeration ) will continue to improve water clarity , reduce nutrient content , lessen odors , and decrease sludge accumulation . Bacterial treatments will also help control aquatic vegetation without the use of chemicals . Fish introduction ( such as grass carp ) assist in naturally controlling aquatic vegetation without the use of chemicals . The use of low phosphorous fertilizer and low / slow release nitrogen in chemical fertilizers used on lawns and common landscaped areas is desirable near aquatic sites to reduce unnatural aquatic plant and algae growth in the water bodies due to high nutrients in storm water runoff . Chemical herbicide and algaecide applications assist in controlling aquatic plant and algae . Wetland and riparian plant establishment of a variety of native species will assist in nutrient capture and removal from the aquatic system and will establish desirable native vegetation for both wildlife habitat and aesthetic purposes . Annual water quality testing and analysis allows for tracking of how pond and lake treatments are improving the aquatic resource conditions over time . Annual test results assist with further management planning to maintain and maximize improvements into the future . | [
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http://ironoremining.org/product/materials-handling/how-to-mine-ore-in-real-life/ | how to mine ore in real life Posted at : April 13 , 2013 [ 4.9 4234 Ratings ] As a leading global manufacturer of crushing and milling equipment , we offer advanced , rational solutions for any size - reduction requirements , including quarry , aggregate , grinding production and complete plant . We also supply individual crushers and mills as well as spare parts of them . How to find iron ore ( In real life ) ? – Yahoo ! Answers Best Answer : I would look north of the Great Lakes . I know when they were using a lot of steel in Detroit , ships would haul iron ore to Detroit and coal … how to find iron ore real life – Gold Ore Crusher Posts Related to how to find iron ore real life . what machines are used to mine pyrite ; mobile stone crusher for sale ; cone crusher brazil in malaysia ; How does “ Redstone ” look in real life ? – Minecraft Forum Hello , my question is : How would Redstone look in real life ( redstone dust , redstone ore , etc . ) ? If you have any pics , post them here . Back to top ; … How to Identify Gold Ore | eHow . com A river may have changed course several times during its life , creating hidden deposits of gold ore . … fools gold and real … Mining gold ore is just one … Minecraft in real life – Instructables – Make , How To , and DIY The is a guide about Minecraft … only in real life . From torches to food this guide will keep you on the edge of your seat ! Scroll down to find many … How to Find Sapphires in Real Life | eHow . com A visit to a sapphire mine offers the opportunity for hands - on discovery of sapphires that are often suitable for jewelry . … How to Find Sapphires in Real Life ; Minecraft In Real Life : Mining Obsidian – YouTube 6 : 56 Let ’ s Learn from Minecraft ! - 1 - Real Life Mining by DavidisDaveVG 7,673 views 5 : 46 Is Minecraft obsidian really tnt proof , I find out , … Minecraft in REAL Life – YouTube This is Minecraft … In REAL life ! ! ! Sorry , I left bobbing on maximum … You can get the texture pack at http : / / www . youtube . com / subscription_c … Gold Ore – Minecraft Wiki Gold ore was recolored . Mining gold ore produces gold blocks . Beta ; 1.6 : The “ ore quadrant ” bug , causing different quadrants of the map to have more or less ore , was … Mining – Game Guide – World of Warcraft – Battle . net As you continue to exercise your mining skills and smelt complex combinations of ores into alloys , your Mining skill will grow . … Real ID ; BattleTag ; Games . As a leading global manufacturer of crushing and milling equipment , we offer advanced , rational solutions for any size - reduction requirements , including quarry , aggregate , grinding production and complete plant . We also supply individual crushers and mills as well as spare parts of … Continue reading → Caiman Service Caiman use its strong technical capability and industry knowledge to provide the most advanced solutions and services for a real sustainable business improvement . Our services all over the world , through the solution for customers , creating value for its benefits . Our services include : periodic inspection and testing of equipment , wear parts replacement , complete refurbishment of equipment and maintenance for operators and maintenance personnel for professional training , technology recommendations for improvement . Contact Caiman Any specific design or further information , please feel free to chat now with sales manager , the 24 - hour online customer service can provide you the targeted and best services immediately ! ( We accept credit card payment . ) We also offer self - contained Pre - Investment and Pre - Feasibility Studies , Market Surveys and Studies , Preparation of Techno - Economic Feasibility Reports , Identification and Selection of Plant and Machinery , Manufacturing Process and or Equipment required , General Guidance , Technical and Commercial Counseling for setting up new industrial projects on the following topics . Caiman crushing equipment for your solutions : Materials Handling Ore Mining Grinder Ore Crusher Machine Mobile crushing plant Ore mining equipment Ore Beneficiation processing plant | [
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http://irons.conroeisd.net/department/faculty-staff/ | Home Faculty and Staff Faculty and Staff Faculty and Staff Language Arts Department Math Department History Department Science Department Electives Department Special Ed Department Support Faculty and Staff Paraprofessional Staff Administration and Counseling Staff Jeff Fuller PRINCIPALJUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL jfullerconroeisdnet Tel 9367098500 Robert MacFarlane AST PRINCIPALJUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL rmacfarlaneconroeisdnet Tel 9367098500 Erica Taylor AST PRINCIPALJUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ertaylorconroeisdnet Tel 9367098500 Cindy Burgess COUNSELORJUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL OZ cburgessconroeisdnet Tel 9367098500 Sandra Mikush COUNSELORJUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GN smikushconroeisdnet Tel 9367098500 Leslie Rodriguez COUNSELORJUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL AF lesrodriguezconroeisdnet Tel 9367098518 | [
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http://ironworkout.com/gym_equipment/ | Beginners Guide To Gym Equipment Starting an exercise program can be a daunting experience . A visit to your local gym can seem very intimidating . You look around and are dazed by the array of machines and exercise equipment . What is it ? How dose all this stuff work ? Even the vocabulary seems like a foreign language . In this article I am going to explain some of the most common pieces of exercise equipment and workout accessories that you will find in a gym . Equipment There are basically two types of equipment that you will find in the gym - free weights and machines . Free Weights Free weights are the most basic form of bodybuilding equipment . The reason they are called " free weights " is because there are no attached pulleys , cables , pins , or weight stacks . They consist of barbells , dumbbells , and weight plates . The Barbell Olympic Barbell The barbell is a long iron bar that is between 4 and 7 feet long on which weight plates and placed . Barbell exercises are performed by holding the barbell with both hands . At the top of the list are Olympic barbells . They are 7 feet long and weigh 45 lbs . These are heavy - duty bars that can handle huge weight loads of over 800 lbs . Some Olympic bars can handle weight loads of over 1000 lbs . Because they are so big they are used mostly for heavy basic exercises such as bench press , squats , and dead lifts . There are smaller versions of the Olympic barbell that are between 4 - 6 feet long . These bars are generally used for smaller exercises such as barbell curls , shoulder presses , bent rows , etc . . . Many gyms also have a barbell rack that has an assortment of fixed weight barbells . They usually have barbells that are from 20 - 100 lbs . in increments of 5 - 10 lbs . ( i.e. a 20 lb . bar , 30 lb . bar , 40 lb . bar , etc . . . ) . Fixed Weight Barbells Besides Olympic barbells , there are standard barbells . These are the types of barbells that you will see for sale in most department stores . They are 1 inch thick and usually 5 - 6 feet long . These are ideal for a home gym setting . Standard Size Barbells and Dumbbells Dumbbells Hex Style Dumbbells Pro Style Dumbbells A dumbbell is a short barbell , usually 10 - 15 inches long . Dumbbell exercises are performed with a dumbbell in each hand . Most gyms have a dumbbell rack that has an assortment of fixed weight dumbbells . They usually have dumbbells from 5 lbs . - 100 + lbs . in increments of 5 lbs . ( i.e. 5 lb . dumbbells , 10 lb . dumbbells , 15 lb . dumbbells , etc . . . ) . Dumbbell Rack There are also adjustable dumbbells that have small collars that clip on the ends of the dumbbells to hold the weight plates . While they are not a convenient as a rack of fixed weight dumbbells , they are much cheaper and take up less space . They are ideal for a home gym setting . Adjustable Dumbbells Weight Plates Olympic Barbell and Weight Plates Weight plates range from 2.5 lbs . to 100 lbs . They are usually iron , however , many home gyms have plastic weight plates . Many people are familiar with the York Plastic Barbell Set . While this is ok for someone who is just starting out , the thickness of the plastic weight plates limit the amount of weight that can be placed on the barbell and dumbbells . All weight plates found in commercial gyms are made of iron . There are two types of iron weight plates - Olympic plates for the Olympic barbells and standard weight plates for the 1 inch thick standard size barbells . Standard Weight Plates EZ Curl Bar EZ Curl Bar The EZ curl bar is designed for working the biceps and triceps . It is a shorter then a barbell and has angled hand placements . This is good for working the muscles from different angles and reducing the stress that a straight barbell can place on the wrists . Tricep Bar Tricep Bar This is an oval shaped bar that has two parallel hand placements . Even though it is called a tricep bar , you can use it to work other bodyparts besides the triceps . Similar to the EZ curl bar you can use it to work the muscles from different angles and it can reduce the stress that a straight barbell can place on the wrists . Benches Flat Bench The most common piece of equipment in any gym is the bench . There are three types of benches - flat , incline , and decline . Some benches are adjustable ( i.e. they can be adjusted to either flat , incline , or decline ) . Some benches have racks on one end for holding a barbell , while other benches do not have any racks . The benches that do not have any racks are generally used for dumbbell exercises . Olympic Style Flat Bench Olympic Style Incline Bench Hyper Extension Bench Hyper Extension Bench This bench is used for working the lower back , hamstring , and glute muscles . Some gyms have a hyper extension bench that can also be used for sit ups to work the abdominals . Preacher Bench Preacher Bench This bench is designed for working the biceps . It has an angled pad that you you ' re your upper arms on . This pad prevents you from swinging the weight so you can isolate the bicep muscles . The Arm Blaster The Arm Blaster The arm blaster is a two foot long , 6 inch wide , flat , curved metal bar . There is a strap that goes behind your neck to hold the metal bar is flat across your mid section . It works similar to a preacher bench by eliminating body momentum and allows you to isolate the biceps . Abdominal Bench Abdominal Bench This is basically just a decline bench that is used for doing abdominal exercises . It has rollers that you hook your feet into so you do not slide off the bench . Stability Ball ( Swiss Ball ) Stability Ball ( Swiss Ball ) Any exercise that you would normally do on a bench can be done on the stability ball . You can do exercises like bench press , dumbbell flyes , shoulder press , lateral raises , pullovers , crunches , reverse crunches , etc . . . This is an excellent piece of equipment . The ball can move and roll so it increases your balance and strengthens the small stabilizer muscles . Dipping Bars Dipping Bars This is a set of parallel bars . Dips are a great exercise for working the chest , shoulders , and triceps . Chin Up Bar Chin Up / Dipping Bars The chin up bar is a iron bar that it either bolted to the wall or part of a exercise machine ( i.e. the power rack , universal multi - station , etc . ) . Chin ups are great for working the back , biceps , and forearms . Racks Dumbbell Rack Weight Tree Barbell Rack There are several different types of rack found in the gym . There are racks that are used for storing weight plates ( also called weight trees ) . There are racks for storing barbells , dumbbell racks , etc . There are also racks for doing exercises such as the power rack or squat rack . There is also a special rack / machine called the smith machine , which is a combination of a machine and free weight barbell . Squat Rack Smith Machine Power Rack Machines Machines allow you to perform a wide variety of exercises . Some machines are designed to work individual muscles , while other machines consist of a multi - station that works the whole body . Most home gym machines are multi - station machines because they are much cheaper and take up less space then having different machines for each muscle group . Machines have advantages and they have disadvantages . They are generally easier to use and safer then free weights . But free weights tend to stimulate more muscle because you have to use more stabilizer muscles in order to balance the free weights . The best situation is to include both free weight and machine exercises in your workouts , this way you can get the best of both worlds . Leg Press Machine Leg Press Machine While many , including myself , believe that squats are the best overall leg exercise . The leg press is best machine leg exercise . Most leg press machines are set on a 45 degree angle . With the leg press you can safely lift heavy weights without worrying about slipping or falling . It places less stress on the lower back and knees then squats . Hack Squat Machine Hack Squat Machine This is a good variation of the traditional barbell squat . This is good for developing the outer sweep of the thighs . Leg Extension Machine Leg Extension Machine This machine is excellent for isolating the quadriceps muscles . Many people like to use this exercise for pre - exhausting their quadriceps and warming up the knee joints before moving on to squats or leg presses . Leg Curl Machine Leg Curl Machine This machine is one of the best hamstring exercises . Some gyms may have a leg extension and leg curl machine built into one machine , like in most home gym machines . Calf Machines Seated Calf Machine Standing Calf Machine There are two types of calf machines - standing calf raise , and the seated calf raise . The standing calf raise targets the upper calf muscles ( gastrocnemius ) and the seated calf raise works the lower calf muscles ( soleus ) . Leg Adduction / Abduction Machine Leg Abduction Machine Leg Adduction Machine This machine works the inner thighs ( adduction ) and the outer thighs ( abduction ) . Some gyms have two separate machines for adduction and abduction , while other gyms will have both exercises combined into one machine . Lat Pull Down Machine Lat Pull Down Machine This movement is similar to a chin - up . While many believe that chin - ups are superior compared to the lat pull down , they have one major restriction . The user has to be able to lift their bodyweight . Many people are not strong enough to effectively work their backs with chin - ups , so the lat pull down is a great alternative . Pec Deck Machine Pec Deck Machine This is a great machine for isolating the pectoral muscles ( chest ) . Some pec decks have two vertical arm pads that you place your forearms against , while others have handles that you hold in your hands . Cables and Pulleys Cable Cross Over Machine Most gyms have an assortment of cable and pulley machines . Usually there is a weight stack that is connected to a long cable that has a small handle or bar at the end . You can perform exercises for your entire body utilizing pulleys . Accessories Gloves Gloves Weight lifting gloves can protect your hands while working out . If you have not worked out before you may get blisters , which will be replaced by calluses overtime . Whether or not you use gloves is personal preference . For about $ 15 you can get a pair of weight lifting gloves in most any sports store . Wraps Wraps Elbow , knee , and wrist wraps are common in the gym . People may use these if they have an injury or sore joints for added support . Many power lifters wrap their knees when doing heavy squats . If you do not need wraps it is best not to use them . Overtime they may cause your joints and surrounding muscles to become weaker because they are being supported by the wraps . However , if you do develop sore joints you can use elastic wraps . This will help keep the area warm and provide extra support while giving your joints a chance to heal . Wraps are available at most drug stores for about $ 10 - $ 20 depending on the type of wraps . Weightlifting Belt Weightlifting Belt This is a basic bodybuilding accessory . The purpose of a belt is to provide protection and support for the lower back . It is best to save the weightlifting belt for when you need it , you should n ' t wear it during your entire workout . Use it for heavy squats , dead lifts , heavy rowing exercises , etc . Overuse of a weight lifting belt may weaken the lower back because the muscles are always supported and do not get a chance to be worked like the rest of the body . Weight lifting belts Wrist Straps Wrist Straps Wrist straps are short , narrow pieces of strong material ( usually about 20 inches long and 1 inch wide ) . They are wrapped around the wrist and then around a barbell or dumbbell to improve the grip . Wrist straps are most commonly used for exercises such as dead lifts , shrugs , chin ups , and heavy rowing exercises . They prevent a weak grip from limiting your workout poundages . Overuse of wrist straps can cause the muscles of the forearms to get weaker . It is best to save them for when you really need them ( i.e. on your heavy sets of dead lifts or shrugs ) . Do not use wrist straps for your warm up sets . Wrist straps are available at most sports stores for about $ 10 . Head Harnesses Head Harnesses This is a leather harness that fits around the head and has an attachment for a weight at the end . Head straps allow you to work the muscles of the neck . Most bodybuilders do not do direct neck exercises because heavy shoulder and back work will also work the neck muscles . However , if you neck development is lagging behind you can get a head strap and do some extra work . This should be available at a sports store , but you may have to order one because it is not as popular other accessories . Chalk Chalk Many bodybuilders like to use chalk to dry the sweat on their hands . Olympic weight lifters , power lifters , and gymnasts all use chalk . It comes is small blocks and is available at most sports stores for less then $ 10 . Some gyms do not allow the use of chalk so check with your gym ' s policy before you bring along chalk . FREE FAT LOSS REPORT reveals the little know fat - melting secrets of the world ' s best natural bodybuilders and fitness models Click here to find out how to lose fat quickly and easily without drugs or supplements and get as lean as a bodybuilder or fitness model . Click here for more info . | [
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http://irowiki.org/wiki/Hidden_Enchant | Hidden Enchant navigation search The Hidden Enchant is one of many Enchantment features present in Ragnarok Online used to improve equipment , specifically armor . Only some armors can be enhanced by this system . Contents hide 1 Overview 2 Success rates 3 List of Enchantable Armors Overview The Hidden Enchantment NPC can add special stat bonuses to different armors . Unlike the regular Socket Enchant NPC , the equipment is randomly given an increase of between 1 and 3 of one of the six Main Stats . The NPC is located near the south gate of Prontera ( prontera 165 , 60 ) . Each attempt costs 400,000 zeny ; no other items ( other than the actual armor ) are required . An already - enchanted armor can be enchanted again , but will lose any bonuses , upgrades , cards , etc . When enchanting an armor , all previous enchantments , upgrades , and cards are lost . There is a chance of failure , in which case the item is destroyed . If the player possesses an unupgraded , uncarded , unslotted , unenchanted armor and wants a slotted - enchanted - upgraded version , ( if it ' s slottable / upgradeable ) it is necessary to first slot it with the Socket Enchant NPC , then use the Hidden Enchant NPC to add stat bonuses , then upgrade . Once successful , a card may then be attached to it . This ensures no benefits and bonuses are lost along the way ( assuming each step is successful ) . Success rates The chance of success varies depending on the class of armor . Armor Class Chance of Success + 1 + 2 + 3 Overall Unslotted 40 % 26.67 % 13.33 % 80 % Slotted 36 % 24 % 12 % 72 % High Grade 32.73 % 21.82 % 10.91 % 65.46 % List of Enchantable Armors Armor Unslotted Slotted High - Grade Mantle Yes Yes No Coat No Chain Mail Full Plate Silk Robe Saint Robe Tights Silver Robe Thief Clothes Ninja Suit No Legion Full Plate Holy Robe No Wooden Mail Mage Coat Chameleon Armor N / A Glorious Suit N / A Glorious Popularized Suit Glorious Mass - Production Suit Mink Coat Lord Clothes Glittering Jacket Formal Suit Scapulare Lucius ' s Fierce Armor of Volcano Saphien ' s Armor of Ocean Aebeecee ' s Raging Typhoon Armor Claytos Cracking Earth Armor Meteo Plate Armor Yes Orleans ' s Gown Yes Diabolus Robe Diabolus Armor Assaulter Plate Elite Engineer Armor Assassin Robe Warlock ' s Battle Robe Medic ' s Robe Elite Archer Suit Elite Shooter Suit Sprint Mail Kandura Armor of Naga Improved Tights Life Link ↑ For success rate purposes , slotted high grade armor is classified as high grade . iRO - only Custom Additions This quest / feature is only available or customized on iRO . Players on other servers should note that some of the following information may not be applicable to their server . Armor Unslotted Slotted High - Grade Angelic Protection Novice Breastplate Valkyrian Armor Crafting Articles Categories IRO Only Events & Features General Information Enchantment | [
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http://irritable-bowel-syndrome.emedtv.com/bentyl/bentyl.html | Bentyl What Is Bentyl ? Bentyl ® dicyclomine hydrochloride ) is a prescription medication approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) . It is especially useful for treating the painful spasms of the digestive tract associated with IBS . ( Click Bentyl Uses for more information on what the medication is used for , including possible off - label uses . ) Who Makes It ? Brand - name Bentyl is made by Pantheon Pharmaceuticals , Inc . and Akorn , Inc . , and is marketed by Axcan Scandipharm , Inc . How Does It Work ? Bentyl is part of a group of medications known as antimuscarinics or anticholinergics . It works by blocking specific receptors ( called muscarinic receptors ) in the smooth muscles of the digestive tract , helping to relieve the painful spasms associated with IBS . For this reason , Bentyl is also known as an antispasmodic medication . When and How to Take Bentyl Some general considerations for those taking this medication include the following : Bentyl comes in capsule , tablet , syrup , and injectable forms . It is usually taken by mouth four times a day . The injectable form is given as an injection into a muscle and is used in people who temporarily can not take medications by mouth . You can take the medication with or without food . If you mainly have symptoms after meals , you may want to take your dose an hour or so before each meal . For the medication to work properly , it must be taken as prescribed . Bentyl will not work if you stop taking it . | [
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http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/batch_download_help.html | Downloading Data with wget Scripts Several archive services provide the user with scripts they can run on their local workstation to download large amounts of data . These scripts require that a utility called wget is installed on your workstation and used with a command - line interface ( also known as a shell prompt ) . wget comes with some platforms , however , if it is not it can easily be installed . These instructions explain how to install and use it with IRSA ' s scripts on Windows , Unix , and Mac OSX machines . Examples for creating and using wget scripts can be found at the Gator Program Interface Guide About IRSA Download Scripts IRSA ' s download scripts are sets of commands that can download one or more files , or an entire tree of files recursively , from our server to your workstation . The script structure allows the same file to be run as a Unix / Mac OSX sh script or a Windows batch file . As a result , there are occasional warning messages ( particularly on Windows ) that can be ignored . On Unix and Mac OSX , the only oddity is the file extension is .bat ( a Windows requirement ) , though this has no effect on script execution . Downloading , Installing , and Using wget Unix and Mac OSX Check your system to see if is already installed by typing which wget at a shell prompt within a terminal window or xterm . If it is not installed , you need to download and install in your personal path ( ask your system administrator if you are not sure where this is ) . There are two ways to get Start from scratch and get the source from : http : / / www . gnu . org / software / wget / wget . html Or , get a prebuilt binary . For Mac OSX , consider installing Homebrew and running the following in your OS X terminal : $ brew update # optional $ brew install wget Since Unix download resources frequently , it ' s best to do a Google search on " download wget [ your operating system ] " . If you have difficulty finding a provider , contact us and include your operating system and version , and we will try to to find a location for you . Download and save the IRSA data file script associated with the data you want to download ( for example , irsspect . bat ) . These scripts work entirely with relative file paths , so place it in the same directory where you want the downloaded data to reside . You may want to create a new directory specifically for that downloaded data . Change the script file ' s permissions to make it executable ( for example , chmod 755 irsspect . bat ) . Once the data file script is in the desired directory and is executable , type the script file name at the shell prompt . The files should start downloading into the designated directory . Windows Although it is possible to build from scratch for Windows , it ' s easier to download a wget . exe file . Download the file from : https : / / eternallybored . org / misc / wget / When prompted to save the file , save it to your Windows executable path . This is usually a system directory like C : \ WINNT or C : \ Windows . Note : You will need Administrative access to your machine to save to these directories . If your Web browser automatically saves files to a pre - set directory that is not in your executable path , you must manually move the file to your C : \ WINNT or C : \ Windows directory . Create a new directory on your Desktop or hard drive to store the files you will be downloading . Download the data file script associated with the IRSA data you want to download , and save it to the directory you just created . Check that the data file script has a .bat file extension . If the extension is .sh , change it to .bat . Double - click on the .bat file , or run it manually at the command - line prompt . The files should download into the same directory as the data file script . Note : Older Windows versions may display warning messages during the download process . These messages do not affect the data and can be ignored . If you have trouble locating , installing , or using wget to retrieve archive data after using these instructions , contact our Help Desk | [
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http://irsaddress.org/san-antonio-irs-address-with-google-map-of-irs-office-and-phone-number | San Antonio IRS Address with Google Map of IRS Office and Phone Number 0 comments in Texas IRS San Antonio TX Address Double click the address image to move around the IRS Office building . Search for address : The IRS Address for San Antonio TX is useful if you need in person IRS Negotiation or Tax Questions regarding your Tax Return . This Google Map of the IRS Office Location and the Address of the local IRS Office is a conveniance offered by IRSAddress . org . The San Antonio TX IRS Address street view is above if available from Google . Additional contact informaton for this IRS Office is listed below . Find your local Internal Revenue Office at IRSAddress . org . If you do visit the IRS office at this addresss please return and submit a review of the service you were given . This will assit others in deciding which office to use . IRS Office Address 8626 Tesoro Drive San Antonio , TX 78217 Phone : ( 210 ) 841 - 2090 This federal office is open the following hours : Monday - Friday – 8 : 30 a.m. - 4 : 30 p.m. Services Provided This IRS location provides Internal Revenue Service Tax Assistance Recomendations : Overall Office Experience Individual Experience Overall 3.5 Tagged as : IRS Address IRS Assistance IRS Offices San Antonio Tax Services Texas TX | [
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http://irsc2018.com/about/ | Registration Call for papers Plenary Speakers Sponsors Technical Visits Stakeholder meeting IRSC 2018 Infographic Scientific Programme Getting There International Railway Safety Council Welcome to the International Railway Safety Council 2018 website The conference is being held in Dun Laoghaire County Dublin Ireland from 21st to 26th October 2018 The website provides all of the information on what is the most important annual conference on railway safety and promises to be an exciting programme including Stakeholder Meetings Plenary Sessions Technical Visits Partners Programme and social events The website has all of the information on the conference including the link to registration BACKGROUND The IRSC was founded in 1990 and both the CRR and Iarnród Éireann have for many years been regular attendees at the annual conferences The IRSC provides a forum for an indepth exchange of experience and lessons for improving railway safety and is exclusively devoted to railway safety issues Participants include Railway safety management Railway infrastructure managers Train operators Tram operators Government Bodies Safety regulators Accident investigation agencies Railway worker trade unions Conference Theme The theme for IRSC 2018 is an Organisational Culture that values Safety and it is anticipated that speakers at the Plenary Sessions will present papers on the three subthemes for the conference 1 The important relationship between organisational culture and safety outcomes 2 Lessons learnt as a result of accidents arising from organisational failure 3 Organisational initiatives and innovations to improve railway safety Social events The Partners programme will include visits to Wicklow also known as the garden of Ireland and a walking tour of historical Dublin The IRSC 2018 Welcome reception will be held in the National Yacht Club Dun Laoghaire the Gala Dinner will be take place in the splendid medieval Christ Church Cathedral in the heart of Dublin and a farewell event will be a traditional Irish evening at the Merry Ploughboy Pub On Tuesday 23rd Oct The Irish Railway Records Society will opens its doors to any IRSC delegate who wishes to visit their library at their premises at Heuston train station from 1800pm onwards Information on how to get to Heuston Station will be provided in your welcome pack If you are interested in visiting the library please express you interest to irsc2018advantagegroupie Technical Visits The technical tour on Thursday 25th October will provide an opportunity for delegates to travel by train to Belfast to visit the Translink Northern Ireland Railways Adelaide depot and driver training facility and the Railway Preservation Societys museum and workshops at Whitehead Co Antrim In the afternoon a visit to the Titanic Museum will be a special feature of this tour On Friday 26th October delegates will have a choice of technical visits A a special trip on the new LUAS Cross City extension of the Dublin Light Rail system to the Hamilton depot at Broombridge OR B a visit to two Irish Rail Iarnród Éireann engineering facilities at Portlaoise the Laoise Traincare Depot and the Permanent Way Depot at Conniberry We look forward to greeting you with in the traditional Irish way with Céad Míle Fáilte a hundred thousand welcomes to IRSC 2018 in Dublin Privacy Policy Website Usage Advantage Group IRSC respects the individuals right to privacy and does not collect any personal information without your permission Any personal information provided to us will be treated strictly in accordance with the relevant Data Protection Acts We do not sell or market data to any third party Our website may contain links to other websites Once you exit our site you should take note that we do not have any control over that website or any information it may collect Therefore we are not responsible for the protection and privacy of any information which you provide whilst visiting those sites You should refer to the privacy policy applicable to every website you visit Whilst visiting our Website you may have an opportunity to send us information through a contact or registration page or other areas where you may send emails provide feedback etc By choosing to participate in these you will be providing us with some personal information relating to you This information will strictly be used by this site for the purposes for which it was provided by you ie for verification marketing and administration purposes only | [
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http://irszilla.com/general-instructions-certain-information-returns-2012/failure-to-furnish-correct-payee-statements-section-6722.htm | Failure To Furnish Correct Payee Statements ( Section 6722 ) irs . gov Failure To Furnish Correct Payee Statements ( Section 6722 ) If you fail to provide correct payee statements and you can not show reasonable cause , you may be subject to a penalty . The penalty applies if you fail to provide the statement by January 31 ( February 15 for Forms 1099 - B , 1099 - S , and 1099 - MISC ( boxes 8 and 14 only ) ) ( see part M ) , you fail to include all information required to be shown on the statement , or you include incorrect information on the statement . “ Payee statement ” has the same meaning as “ statement to recipient ” as used in part M . The amount of the penalty is based on when you furnish the correct payee statement . It is a separate penalty , and is applied in the same manner as the penalty for failure to file correct information returns by the due date ( Section 6721 ) , described on page 11 . Exception . An inconsequential error or omission is not considered a failure to include correct information . An inconsequential error or omission can not reasonably be expected to prevent or hinder the payee from timely receiving correct information and reporting it on his or her income tax return or from otherwise putting the statement to its intended use . Errors and omissions that are never inconsequential are those relating to ( a ) a dollar amount , ( b ) a significant item in a payee ' s address , ( c ) the appropriate form for the information provided ( that statement mailing , ” when required . Intentional disregard of payee statement requirements . If any failure to provide a correct payee statement is due to intentional disregard of the requirements to furnish a correct payee statement , the penalty is at least $ 250 per payee statement with no maximum penalty . | [
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http://is.theorizeit.org/wiki/SERVQUAL | SERVQUAL navigation search This site is sponsored by Brigham Young University This site is sponsored by the University of Colorado Contents hide 1 SERVQUAL ( Service Quality ) 2 Acronym 3 Alternate name ( s ) 4 Main dependent construct ( s ) / factor ( s ) 5 Main independent construct ( s ) / factor ( s ) 6 Concise description of theory 7 Diagram / schematic of theory 8 Originating author ( s ) 9 Seminal articles 10 Originating area 11 Level of analysis 12 IS articles that use the theory 13 Links from this theory to other theories 14 External links 15 Original Contributor ( s ) SERVQUAL ( Service Quality ) Acronym N / A Alternate name ( s ) N / A Main dependent construct ( s ) / factor ( s ) N / A . SERVQUAL is an operational instrument used to measure the service quality construct . Main independent construct ( s ) / factor ( s ) Service quality Concise description of theory SERVQUAL is a multi - item scale developed to assess customer perceptions of service quality in service and retail businesses ( Parasuraman et . al . , 1988 ) . The scale decomposes the notion of service quality into five constructs as follows : Tangibles - physical facilities , equipment , staff appearance , etc . Reliability - ability to perform service dependably and accurately Responsiveness - willingness to help and respond to customer need Assurance - ability of staff to inspire confidence and trust Empathy - the extent to which caring individualized service is given SERVQUAL represents service quality as the discrepancy between a customer ' s expectations for a service offering and the customer ' s perceptions of the service received , requiring respondents to answer questions about both their expectations and their perceptions ( Parasuraman et . al . , 1988 ) . The use of perceived as opposed to actual service received makes the SERVQUAL measure an attitude measure that is related to , but not the same as , satisfaction ( Parasuraman et . al . , 1988 ) . Parasuraman et . al . ( 1991 ) presented some revisions Kettinger and Lee ( 1994 ) and Pitt et . al . ( 1995 ) were among the early adapters of SERVQUAL to the IS context . Their work sought to use SERVQUAL to measure the service quality of the IS function . Since this time concerns have been raised regarding the suitability of SERVQUAL to the IS context ( Kettinger and Lee , 1997 ; Pitt et al . , 1997 ; Carr , 2002 ; van Dyke et . al . , 1999 ) . Diagram / schematic of theory Originating author ( s ) Parasuraman et . al . ( 1985 ) ; Parasuraman et . al . ( 1988 ) ; Parasuraman et . al . ( 1991 ) Seminal articles Parasuraman , A . ; Berry , Leonard L . ; Zeithaml , Valarie A . , “ A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research ” , Journal of Marketing , 1985 , 49 , 4 , 41 - 50 . Parasuraman , A . ; Berry , Leonard L . ; Zeithaml , Valarie A . , “ SERVQUAL : A Multiple - Item Scale For Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality ” , Journal of Retailing , 1988 , 64 , 1 , 12 - 40 . Parasuraman , A . ; Berry , Leonard L . ; Zeithaml , Valarie A . , “ Refinement and Reassessment of the SERVQUAL Scale ” , Journal of Retailing , 1991 , 67 , 4 , 420 - 450 . Originating area Marketing , Consumer Behavior , Consumer Satisfaction Level of analysis Individual IS articles that use the theory Badri , Masood A . ; Abdulla , Mohamed ; Al - Madani , Abdelwahab , “ Information technology center service quality ” , International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management , 2005 , 22 , 8 , 819 - 848 . Bharati , Pratyush ; Berg , Daniel , " Managing Information Systems for Service Quality : A Study From the Other Side , " Information Technology and People , 2003 , 16 , 2 , 183 - 202 . Bharati , Pratyush ; Berg , Daniel , " Service Quality From the Other Side : Information Systems Management at Duquesne Light , " International Journal of Information Management , 2005 , 25 , 4 , 367 - 380 . Carr , Christopher L . , “ A Psychometric Evaluation of the Expectations , Perceptions , and Difference - Scores Generated by the IS - Adapted SERVQUAL Instrument " , Decision Sciences , 2002 , 33 , 2 , 281 - 296 . Devaraj , Sarv ; Fan , Ming ; Kohli , Rejiv , “ Antecedents of B2C channel satisfaction and preference : Validation e - Commerce metrics " , Information Systems Research , 2002 , 13 , 3 , 316 - 333 . Gounaris , Spiros ; Dimitriadis , Sergios , “ Assessing service quality on the Web : evidence from business - to - consumer portals ” , Journal of Services Marketing , 2003 , 17 , 5 , 529 - 548 . Grover , Varun ; Cheon , Myun Joong ; Teng , James T . C . , “ The effect of service quality and partnership on the outsourcing of information systems functions ” , Journal of Management Information Systems , 1996 , 12 , 4 , 89 - 116 . Jiang , James J . ; Klein , Gary ; Carr , Christopher L . , “ Measuring Information System Service Quality : Servqual from the Other Side ” , MIS Quarterly , 2002 , 26 , 2 , 145 - 166 . Jiang , James J . ; Klein , Gary ; Crampton , Suzanne M . , “ A Note on SERVQUAL Reliability and Validity in Information System Service Quality Measurement ” , Decision Sciences , 2000 , 31 , 3 , 725 - 744 . Kang , Helen ; Bradley , Graham , “ Measuring the performance of IT services : An assessment of SERVQUAL ” , International Journal of Accounting Information Systems , 2002 , 3 , 3 , 151 - 164 . Kettinger , William J . ; Lee , Choong C . , “ Replication of Measures in Information Systems Research : The Case of IS SERVQUAL ” , Decision Sciences , 1999 , 30 , 3 , 893 - 899 . Kettinger , William J . ; Lee , Choong C . , “ Pragmatic perspectives on the measurement of information systems service quality ” , MIS Quarterly , 1997 , 21 , 2 , 223 - 240 . Kettinger , William J . ; Lee , Choong C . , “ Perceived Service Quality and User Satisfaction with the Information Services Function ” , Decision Sciences , 1994 , 25 , 5 / 6 , 737 - 766 . Kettinger , William J . ; Lee , Choong C . ; Lee , Sunro , “ Global Measures of Information Service Quality : A Cross - National Study ” , Decision Sciences , 1995 , 26 , 5 , 569 - 589 . Kettinger , W . J . , & Lee , C . C . " Zones of tolerance : Alternative scales for measuring information systems service quality " , MIS Quarterly , 2005 , 29 , 4 , 607 - 621 . Landrum , Hollis ; Prybutok , Victor R . , “ A service quality and success model for the information service industry ” , European Journal of Operational Research , 2004 , 156 , 3 , 628 - 642 . Pitt , Leyland F . ; Watson , Richard T . ; Kavan , C . Bruce , “ Measuring information systems service quality : Concerns for a complete canvas ” , MIS Quarterly , 1997 , 21 , 2 , 209 - 221 . Pitt , Leyland F . ; Watson , Richard T . ; Kavan , C . Bruce , “ Service quality : A measure of information systems effectiveness ” , MIS Quarterly , 1995 , 19 , 2 , 173 - 187 . van Dyke , Thomas P . ; Kappelman , Leon A . ; Prybutok , Victor R . , “ Measuring information systems service quality : Concerns on the use of the SERVQUAL questionnaire ” , MIS Quarterly , 1997 , 21 , 2 , 195 - 208 . van Dyke , Thomas P . ; Prybutok , Victor R . ; Kappelman , Leon A . , “ Cautions on the Use of the SERVQUAL Measure to Assess the Quality of Information Systems Services ” , Decision Sciences , 1999 , 30 , 3 , 877 - 891 . van Iwaarden , Jos ; van der Wiele , Ton ; Ball , Leslie ; Millen , Robert , “ Applying SERVQUAL to Web sites : an exploratory study ” , International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management , 2003 , 20 , 8 , 919 - 935 . Watson , Richard T . ; Pitt , Leyland F . ; Kavan , C . Bruce , “ Measuring Information Systems Service Quality : Lessons from Two Longitudinal Case Studies ” , MIS Quarterly , 1998 , 22 , 1 , 61 - 79 . Yoon , Sungchul ; Suh , Hyunsuk , “ Ensuring IT Consulting SERVQUAL and User Satisfaction : A Modified Measurement Tool ” , Information Systems Frontiers , 2004 , 6 , 4 , 341 - 351 . Links from this theory to other theories Expectation confirmation theory External links http : / / www . uncg . edu / bae / people / vandyke / Dsj12 . pdf # search = ' SERVQUAL ' , a paper on SERVQUAL by van Dyke et . al . ( 1999 ) http : / / papers . ssrn . com / sol3 / papers . cfm ? abstract_id = 371006 , a paper on SERVQUAL by van Iwaarden et . al . ( 2003 ) http : / / business . clemson . edu / ISE / html / service_quality . html , some key SERVQUAL references presented by AIS Original Contributor ( s ) Brent Furneaux Please feel free to make modifications to this site . In order to do so , you must register . Return to Theories Used in IS Research | [
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http://iscoresports.com/baseball/ | iSCORE BASEBALL / SOFTBALL iScore Baseball is the easiest and most intuitive way to track a baseball ( or softball ) game . The flagship of the iScore Sports line of scorekeeping products , iScore Baseball allows coaches , parents and fans to keep a detailed record of the progress of a game . It has everything you need to score , track and review a game , and does not require you to buy any additional software or pay additional fees to access your statistics . We are impressed with the intuitive solution that iScore has brought to baseball charting . It allows us to compile a vast amount of information at our fingertips . iScore plays an important role in allowing us to better evaluate our players . ~ TJ Barra , Manager , Minor League Operations / Baseball Information , New York Mets You do not need to know how to keep a scorebook to use iScore Baseball , although scorekeepers will love the scorebook output . During the game , an intuitive interview process helps you to record even the most complex plays . Full base runner control means that every stolen base , pick - off and passed ball is tracked . Multilevel undo / redo support lets you return to any point in the game , from the first play of the game to the last . Rigorously tested to provide optimal input of all situations that occur during the game , iScore tracks pitch by pitch balls and strikes , balks , runners advancing by wild pitch , catcher interference , assigned errors and so much more . A pitch tracker allows you to track every pitch location , type and speed , and speckle charts let you review the pitch history . A batting spray chart and previous at bat summaries will give your team an edge over the competition . Over 500 Batting , Pitching and Fielding stats are tracked , and a detailed scorebook can be viewed at any time during the game . Cumulative statistics are also available for each team . In addition , all statistics and scorebooks can be emailed directly to any email address . Coaches will never again have to spend hours trying to extract data from paper records just to see how their players performed . Works great for scoring youth baseball , high school games , college games , and even professional games . Elevate your scorekeeping to the next level with iScore Baseball . iSCORECAST Do you have family and friends from out of town or around the world who would love to be at the game . With i - Scorecast they can feel like they are really there . Simply enable scorcasting in the iScore Options screen on your device and viewers will be able to log into the Scorecast Viewer to watch live updates as they happen . With the iScore Central app , you can also now watch live iScorecasts of your favorite young sports star ' s games , directly from a native app on your mobile device . ( Additional charges may apply . ) Have you ever been at a game and heard the people around you relaying the game information to people on the phone ? Now scorekeepers can even send email links to any potential scorecast viewers directly from the scoring screen during a game . Scorecasts can be viewed from any device by downloading the iScore Central app , or by going to iScore TV to find a live game or by going to http : / / iscorecast . com and typing in the scorekeeper ' s customer ID . SCORECARDS You can email yourself a scorecard of any game you score with iScore Baseball . These scorecards are just like the ones kept with pencil and paper at youth sports games , and are an improvement in many ways . Features include full color representations of different types of plays , tracking how runners advance bases , strikes swinging vs looking , etc . If you track pitch locations , the scoresheet will also show the speckle chart of all pitches thrown by each pitcher . Click to the right to see the scorecard generated by iScore Baseball for the 2004 ALCS Game 7 . ( The sample game did not track pitch locations , so speckle charts are empty . ) | [
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http://isgout.com/bisoprolol-and-gout/ | Bisoprolol And Gout Atkins have the capability to reduce uric acid crystal in the toe joint . The less risk of esophageal reflux disease . You can help you lose the well - known for tinnitus Association effectively eliminates the tophaceous gout . If you can get all the rest of the big toe wherein the lung area . Perhaps it really common symptoms of Gout goutGout or hyperuricemia is indeterminate . More than likely have been report the foot . One of the foodstuff that is best to keep yourself about the foods like oranges from as little uncomfortable to obtain pain relieving gout . Note : Always remember that I had to take minimal amounts of uric acid . The immune system and produces gout and preventing and / or organs are extremely tender and the pain discomfort to present in your digestion . Researchers may say that since uric acid stays in the body . The body ’ s testosterone levels of your health . So the bisoprolol and gout question stages – ones high in animal protein . And forget about beer is number on your body will result in the ankle can easily chat on the cells this recipe book may be here in the tubules . It is paramount bisoprolol and gout of uric acid in your diet . But in order to do wonders for gout Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . worse . This is because you will lead us to a healthy diet . Learn all you can eat as a gout cause of pressure at the joints resulting from this all over the gout remedies for gout – The Most Reliable Source Diet For Gout – The Most Reliable Source Diet For Gout is caused by the Societe Generally most docs would require a prescription . Live on fruit diet After you feel much better – they have gout diet ? Basically a gout treatment . Moderate quantities within cherries that could trigger the condition . ← Concept Map Gout Cat Gout → | [
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http://isinnumber.org/ | ISIN & CUSIP Registration Numbers We can obtain your CUSIP / ISIN number for your fund or company security . What is a CUSIP / ISIN number ? The acronym CUSIP refers to the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures . This 9 - character alphanumeric code identifies any North American security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades . This number is how brokers recognize securities that they may wish to deal with . f you ’ re applying for a CUSIP number , you must be able to provide a prospectus that defines the types and terms of securities you ’ re offering for sale . The CUSIP system is owned by the American Bankers Association . An International Securities Identification Number ( ISIN ) uniquely identifies a security . Securities for which ISINs are issued include bonds , commercial paper , equities and warrants . The ISIN code is a 12 - character alpha - numerical code that does not contain information characterizing financial instruments but serves for uniform identification of a security at trading and settlement . Securities with which ISINs can be used include debt securities , shares , options , derivatives and futures . ISIN can not specify a particular trading location in this case , and another identifier , typically MIC ( How to get a CUSIP and ISIN numbers ( per class of share ) Company information and offering terms Must provide a complete offering document package ( Memorandum and Subscription ) It Makes A Difference With an Experienced Team | [
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http://isis.uwimona.edu.jm/programmes/ | Programmes The programmes offered are grouped by level of study then by faculty Please select the level of study from the options below then choose a faculty for the listing of programmes offered You may apply online by visiting the Admissions Section Undergraduate Programmes at Mona Undergraduate Programmes Undergraduate Certificates Diplomas Faculty Handbook UWI Programmes Programmes Offered by UWI Graduate Programmes at Mona Graduate Programmes Graduate Certificates Diplomas Faculty Handbook | [
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http://islam.about.com/od/quranin30days/a/juz_index.htm | Humanities Religion & Spirituality Juz ' 1 of the Quran LACMA / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain by Huda Updated January 28 , 2019 The main organizing divisions of the Quran are into chapters ( surah ) and verses ( ayat ) . The Quran is additionally divided into 30 equal sections , called juz ' ( plural : ajiza ) . The divisions of juz ’ do not fall evenly along chapter lines , but exist only to make it easier to pace the reading into equal daily amounts over a month ’ s period . This is particularly important during the month of Ramadan when it is recommended to complete at least one full reading of the Quran from cover to cover . Chapters and Verses Included in Juz ’ 1 The first juz ’ of the Quran starts from the first verse of the first chapter ( Al - Fatiha 1 ) and continues part - way through the second chapter ( Al Baqarah 141 ) . The first chapter , consisting of eight verses , is a summary of faith that was revealed by God to Mohammad while he was in Mecca ( Makkah ) before the migration to Madinah . Most of the verses of the second chapter were revealed in the early years after the migration to Madinah , during the time when the Muslim community was setting up its first social and political center . Important Quotations From Juz ' 1 Seek God ’ s help with patient perseverance and prayer . It is indeed hard , except to those who are humble — who bear in mind the certainty that they are to meet their Lord , and that they are to return to Him . ( Quran 2 : 45 - 46 ) Say : ‘ We believe in God , and the revelation given to us , and to Abraham , Ishmael , Isaac , Jacob , and the Tribes , and that given to Moses and Jesus , and that given to all prophets from their Lord . We make no difference between one and another of them , and we submit to God . ’ ” ( Quran 2 : 136 ) Main Themes of Juz ’ 1 The first chapter is called “ The Opening ” ( Al Fatihah ) . It consists of eight verses and is often referred to as the “ Lord ’ s Prayer ” of Islam . The chapter in its entirety is repeatedly recited during a Muslim ’ s daily prayers , as it sums up the relationship between humans and God in worship . We begin by praising God and seeking His guidance in all matters of our lives . The Quran then continues with the longest chapter of the revelation , “ The Cow ” ( Al Baqarah ) . The title of the chapter refers to a story told in this section ( beginning at verse 67 ) about the followers of Moses . The early part of this section lays out the situation of humankind in relation to God . In it , God sends guidance and messengers , and people choose how they will respond : they will either believe , they will reject faith altogether , or they will become hypocrites ( feigning belief on the outside while harboring doubts or evil intentions on the inside ) . Juz ' 1 also includes the story of the creation of humans ( one of many places where it is referred to ) to remind us of the many bounties and blessings of God . Then , we are introduced to stories about previous peoples and how they responded to God ’ s guidance and messengers . Particular reference is made to the Prophets Abraham Moses , and Jesus , and the struggles they undertook to bring guidance to their people . Continue Reading | [
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http://islamqa.org/hanafi/daruliftaa/8306 | Prayer Wudu Quran Ramadan Marriage Walima Intimacy Children Divorce Hajj Hadith Women Menses Pregnancy Business Interest Mortgage Zakaat A Wifes Right to Sexual Intimacy Answered according to Hanafi Fiqh by Daruliftaacom I read your answer titled Can a wife refuse her husbands call to bed in which in light of the many Prophetic Hadiths you stated that a wife has a religious obligation to fulfil the sexual needs of her husband unless she has an excuse Is this ruling only for the wife or can it be extended to the husband Does the husband also have a religious duty to fulfil the sexual needs of his wife ANSWER In the name of Allah Most Compassionate Most Merciful The right to sexual fulfilment belongs to both the husband and wife and it is wrong to assume that in Islam only the husband has this privilege The wife has as much right to expect that her sexual needs are fulfilled as the husband As such sexual relations are a right of both spouses The renowned Hanafi jurist faqih Imam Ibn Abidin Allah have mercy on him states Among the effects of marriage is the permissibility of each spouse deriving sexual pleasure from the other Radd alMuhtar ala lDurr alMukhtar 34 A husband is religiously obliged to fulfil the sexual needs of his wife and not deprive her of this right Refusing sex without a genuine reason or excuse and using it as a weapon against her constitutes a sin in the eyes of God ie in the next life Many jurists fuqaha hold that it is obligatory for the husband to engage in sexual intimacy with his wife every so often See Badai alSanai 2331 Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Amr Allah be pleased with him relates My father married me off to a woman of good lineage and he used to consult his daughterinlaw ie my wife and ask her about her husband She would say to him An excellent man but a man who has not slept with us in bed nor removed the veil from us since we came to him When that went on for a long time my father mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah Allah bless him give him peace The Messenger of Allah Allah bless him give him peace your wife has a right over you and your visitor has a right over youâ Combined from two variations of the same Hadith in Sahih alBukhari no 4765 and 1874 In this Hadith the Messenger of Allah Allah bless him give him peace advised Abdullah ibn Amr ibn alAss Allah be pleased with him to be moderate in his worship and upon learning that he had not slept with his wife the Messenger of Allah Allah bless him give him peace said to him Your wife has a right over you clearly defining the husbands responsibility of fulfilling the sexual and other needs of the wife Abu Juhayfa relates The Messenger of Allah Allah bless him give him peace joined Salman and Abu alDarda Allah be pleased with both together in brotherhood Salman visited Abu alDarda and saw his wife Umm al Darda poorly dressed and thus said to her What is the matter with you She said Your brother Abu alDarda has no need of this world meaning he did not care whether his wife adorned herself for him or not since he was very busy in worshiping Allah Abu alDarda came and made some food for him ie Salman Salman said Eat He replied As such a husband is religiously obliged to have sexual relations with his wife every so often enough to maintain her outward and inward chastity such that she does not incline towards committing a sin If a man consistently refuses his wife he will be sinful in the sight of Allah However as with the case of the husbands right to sexual intimacy this obligation is conditional on his physical ability to have sex with his wife If he is too ill or weak to engage in any sexual activity or fears that having sex with his wife will result in unbearable weakness then he will not be sinful All of the above is at the level of law The spirit of marriage is different Seeking ones rights through demands and argumentation contradicts the spirit of marriage and never solves anything Rights should always be understood in light of the following Prophetic guidance The most perfect of believers are those most perfect in character and the best amongst you are the best of you to your spouses Sunan alTirmidhi 1162 For more details on this you may refer to my book Islamic Guide to Sexual Relations available from most Islamic book retailers And Allah knows best Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam Darul Iftaa Leicester UK Read more answers with similar topics sex sexual relations Find more answers indexed from Daruliftaacom | [
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http://islamtomorrow.com/purpose.htm | P URPOSE OF L IFE What Does Islam Say About Life ' s Purpose ? Have you ever asked yourself these questions ? " What is the purpose of L I F E ? " " My life ? " " Your Life ? " People everywhere are asking the questions ; " What is the purpose of life ? " and " Why are we here ? " You might be amazed to learn , that Islam is providing clear and concise answers for these questions . Most of those who reflect or think about life in any detail will consider and ponder these questions . There are as many different answers to these questions as there are people asking the questions . Some would hold that the purpose of life was to acquire wealth . Ye t suppose they were to acquire millions of dollars , what then would they claim is their purpose after doing so ? If the purpose of life is to become wealthy , there would be no purpose after becoming wealthy . The fact is that when people approach their purpose here in this life from the aspect of only gaining wealth , after collecting the money they have dreamed of their lives loose purpose and then they live in restless tension suffering from a feeling of worthlessness . How could wealth then be considered as the aim of life ? Could the acquisition of wealth guarantee happiness ? Of course not . When we hear of millionaires or members of their families committing suicide , how could we consider the purpose of life would be to gain great wealth ? A child of 5 years would obviously prefer a new toy to a deposit slip for a million dollars . A teenager does not consider millions of dollars in the bank a substitute for movies , videos , pizza and hanging out with his friends . A person in their 80s or 90s would never consider holding on to their wealth in place of spending it to hold on to or regain their health . This proves that money is not the main purpose at all the stages of one ' s life . Wealth can do little or nothing to bring happiness to one who is a disbeliever in Almighty God , because regardless of what he or she would gain in this life they would always live in fear of what will happen to them in the end . They would wonder what would become of them and how they would end up . Wealth and its accumulation as a purpose would be doomed to a temporary success at best and in the end it would only spell out self destruction . So , what is the use of wealth to a person without belief ? He would always fear his end and would always be skeptical of everything . He may gain a great material wealth but he would only lose himself in the end . Worship of the One True Almighty God of the Universe [ Allah in Arabic ] as a primary goal or aim in life provides a believer with everything he needs to succeed in both this life and the Next Life . The word for total surrender , submission , obedience , purity of heart and peace in the Arabic language is " Islam " . Those who try to perform these actions are called " MU - slims " [ Islam - ERs ] . To a Muslim the whole purpose of life is " ibadah " or worship to the One True Almighty God on Terms and under His Conditions . The term " worship " to a Muslim includes any and all acts of obedience to Almighty Allah . So his purpose of life is a standing purpose ; Worshipping Allah by accepting Allah ' s Will over his own . This act of ibadah [ worshipping , thanking and extolling the Greatness Almighty Allah on His Terms and Conditions ] is for the Muslim , throughout his whole life regardless of the stage . Whether he is a child , adolescent , adult or aged person , he is seeking after the Will of the Almighty in all these stages . His life here on earth although short , is full of purpose and is totally meaningful within the complete framework of total submission [ Islam ] . Similarly , in the Next Life as well , his faith , intentions , attitudes and good deeds will all be weighed into his account as favorable putting him in high esteem with his Creator and Sustainer . Because Islam teaches that this life is only a test or trial for the individual to show him his true nature it is only natural that he would accept death as not so much an ending to everything but more as a beginning of the final and lasting life in the Hereafter . Before entering into either of the final lodging places i.e. ; Heaven or Hell , there must needs be a Day of Judgment or showing of one ' s true self to make them aware of their own nature and thereby understand what they have sent on ahead during the life here on the earth . Every person will be rewarded [ or punished ] according to their attitude , appreciation and efforts during this stay on earth . None will be asked about the actions and beliefs of others , nor will anyone be asked regarding that which he was unaware of or incapable of doing . As the life here is considered as an examination for the individual , the death stage is considered as a resting period after the test . It could be easy for those who were faithful and dedicated or it could be grueling and horrible for the wicked . Reward and punishment will be in direct proportion to each person and it is only Allah , alone who will be the Final Judge over us all . So in the teachings of the True Surrender , Submission , Obedience , In Sincerity and Peace to the Almighty One God [ Islam ] , the line of life and its purpose is logical , clear and simple : The first life is a test The life in the grave is a resting or waiting place before the Day of Judgment The Day of Judgment brings about the clear understanding of what will now happen to the individual based on his own desires and actions The Permanent or Afterlife will either be spend in luxurious splendor or miserable punishment . Following this clear understanding of life , the Muslim ' s purpose is clear . First of all , he has no doubt in his mind that : he is only created by Allah he is going to spend a period of time in this material world [ called " Ad Dunyah " in Arabic ] he knows he will die he knows he will spend time in the grave , either pleasant or difficult depending on his own choice of attitude and actions he knows he will be resurrected for the Day of Judgment he knows he will be judged according to the most fair of standards by Allah the Almighty , the All Knowing he realizes his attitude and actions are going to come under very close scrutiny he knows that this short life compared to the Eternal Life was in fact , only for a test This life is very meaningful and purposeful to the Believing Muslim , as he realizes that it will determine is outcome and permanent position in the Next Life . The Muslim ' s permanent purpose is to Surrender , Submit , Obey , in Purity and Peace to Allah the Almighty , carrying out His Orders and staying in some form of worship to Him as much as possible everyday . This includes the orders of Allah in His Book , the Holy Quran and His final Messenger and Prophet Muhammad , peace be upon him as follows : Believing and declaring that " There is no god throughout all the Creation of Allah that is worthy of worship , all worship is due only to Allah , alone and He has no partners or helpers nor does He share His Lordship with any of His creations . And Muhammad , the son of Abdullah ibn Abdul Mutallib ( 1450 years ago ) is the last and final messenger and servant of Almighty Allah , and is the culmination in a long line of prophets sent to mankind throughout man ' s history , including Adam , Noah , Establishing the regular five times ritualistic prayer [ salat ] in the stated times ( in the mosques for the men when possible ) Paying the charity tax [ Zakat = about 2.5 % of one ' s holdings - not his income , annually ] Fasting the month of Ramadhan [ lunar calendar ] Pilgrimage to the House of Allah in Mecca at least once in the life of the person , provided he has the ability and the way is safe For a disbeliever the purpose of this life is to collect and amass great wealth , money , power and position . Over indulging in eating , drinking , drugs , sex and gambling are a high priority to them . But all of this will not avail them anything good in the grave , on the Day of Judgment or in the Next Life . Eventually he will be faced with the question : Now what ? What ' s Next ? Where am I going ? What will happen to me ? He will come to know . For sure he will come to know . But then what will the knowledge avail him ? Look how Islam solves the mystery of the puzzle of life . It provides the answers to the questions and concerns of the human beings on all levels and in every aspect . It is really quite simple . The purpose of life as understood by the Believing Muslim can be simply stated in only two ( 2 ) words : Obey God . Our only purpose and salvation lie in these two words . We must come to know our Creator , Sustainer and Ultimate Judge . We must learn to believe in Him , thank Him , praise Him , honor Him and worship Him , alone without any partners from His Creation . We must learn about His Messengers and Prophets , peace be upon them , and the message with which they were all sent . We must learn the Word of God as was directly revealed , preserved and memorized and passed down by memory throughout all the generations of Muslims to the present day . Those who are in search of truth , having open minds and hearts will recognize this as a message in truth and sincerity . Open your heart and your mind now and ask the Almighty God of the Universe [ Allah ] to guide you now to His True Way . And then be ready to accept your true purpose in life . To Learn More - - " About Us " . . . [ click here ] | [
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http://islandconnectionnews.com/sea-pork-aplidium-stellatum/ | Photo gallery : Mt . Zion Tennis Team Rural Mission struggles to meet basic needs Jun 11 2010 Sea Pork ( Aplidium stellatum ) By admin " sea pork " will often wash up on shore this time of year . by Jennifer Barbour Contrary to what you might think when you find sea pork washed ashore , it ’ s not a brain or internal organ of a marine animal ; it ’ s actually a tunicate . The cartilage - like exoskeleton ( tunic ) is composed primarily of cellulose , and houses a colony of individual animals called zooids . The zooid colony derives food from seawater pumped through its system by two external openings . When alive , reddish colored zooids are embedded in its pink ( sometimes orange ) tunic . After death , with zooids absent , the About the Author : Jennifer is a Naturalist with the Kiawah Island Nature Program . To contact her with comments or personal stories , email her at Jennifer_Barbour @ kiawahresort . com . admin 1 comment Charlene on April 16 , 2011 at 6 : 09 am Thanks for the great information ! What happens to the gray sea pork ? Does it harden ? What do you do if you find gray sea pork on the beach ? leave it so the tide takes it back out to sea or is it to be disposed of ? | [
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http://islandpestcontrol.com/flyingtermites/ | Home Pest Control Residential Pest Control Commercial Pest Control Free Pest Inspection Termites Termite Protection Sentricon Program Termidor Program Soil Treatments for New Constructions CL100 Termite Inspections Free Termite Inspection Bed Bugs Bed Bugs Bed Bug Bites Mosquitoes Blog About About Us Our Team Contact Access Your Account Contact Us Now 12 May The Difference Between Flying Ants vs . Flying Termites Posted at 02 : 52h in Uncategorized by Amanda Kaiser Many homeowners and even untrained pest control technicians confuse flying ants and f lying termites . Proper Identification can save you time , money , stress and even your home ! So how exactly do you tell the difference between a flying ant and a flying termite ? Let ’ s start with the physical difference between flying ants and flying termites : An ant will have a pinched waist that is easily recognized . Termites , on the other hand , have a much thicker waist . The flying ants antennae are bent in the center while a flying termite ’ s antennae look straighter to the human eye . Both the ant and the termite have two sets of wings , four in total . The ant has two sets , the front set tend to be larger than the back , but the back set is shorter in length . The termite also has two sets of wings , but both are the same size and appear much longer than the ants . At certain times of the year , typically spring time during warm weather after a rain shower , termite colonies produce what are known as “ swarmers , ” the winged adults ( pictured ) that fly away to start a new termite colony . Seeing flying termites is a sign that there is a mature established termite colony nearby . Some of the questions we get from Hilton Head homeowners about flying termites are answered below : Where do the flying termite swarmers come from ? If most of the swarming termites you see are outside , then the termite nest is likely somewhere in your yard , possibly near an old tree stump or landscape timbers . If you find most of the termite swarmers inside your home , then you likely have a termite infestation . What is the purpose of “ swarming ” season ? This is where most of the “ swarmers ” , who happen to be female , try and pair up to nest and create other colonies . While most die off , some do create entirely new colonies in the warm , moist spring weather , which is ideal for nesting . Swarming does not last long , and you may only see the leftover wings from a swarm ( pictured ) . Termite Swarmers What happens to these flying termites ? While most of these termites die off without breeding , some successfully pair up and create their own nest . Once the male and female termites have successfully mated , they shed their wings and start the process of creating a colony . What attracts swarming termites ? Most flying termites are attracted to light and swarm during the day , or if at night they are close to a light source like a street lamp or porch light . But more than likely the original colony that produced these swarmers is close by . Termites are n ’ t strong fliers and mostly rely on the wind to carry them where they need to go . If there is a termite nest nearby , chances are swarmers wo n ’ t be far behind . How can I get rid of these termites ? We recommend calling a professional if you see termites swarming in your home . Flying ants can be easily rid of with chemicals and ant bait , but termites can be much trickier and far more resistant . As the only pest control company in Beaufort county who requires ALL technicians be State Licensed and Purdue University Graduates , you can rest assured no other company can offer our level of service and expertise . What kind of termite removal services do you provide ? We start off with a free termite inspection . If you are concerned that you may have termites and not flying ants , call us to make an appointment and we ’ ll send one of our licensed technicians out to tell you if you have an issue to be concerned about . If there is a termite infestation there are multiple ways to treat it . If you think you might have a problem with termites or any other pest … or simply a question … call Island Pest Control at 843 - 681 - 5188 and ask for me , John Kaiser . I ’ ll be happy to speak with you any time . Here ’ s to helping YOU live PEST FREE ! John | [
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http://islayinfo.com/ | Welcome to Islay Info The Ultimate Online Guide to Islay The Scottish Isle of Islay is part of the southern Hebrides and is inhabited by 3,228 people ( census 2011 ) . The Isle of Islay is also called Queen of the Hebrides . With 8 working whisky distilleries , the stunning scenery , amazing wildlife and all the friendly people , Islay is a five star holiday destination . Islay Info aims to be the ultimate online guide to the Isle of Islay . There is a wealth of information and high - res pictures available , all accessible through the pull down menu above . Alternatively you can use our Discover Islay Map If you like to stay up to date with news and events on Islay the Islay Blog is the site to visit . Before planning a holiday to Islay make sure to visit the Islay Bookshop for a complete selection of available maps and books about Islay ' s rich history , the wildlife and whisky . About Islay The Isle of Islay is the southernmost island of the Inner Southern Hebrides of Scotland and lies in Argyll and Bute . The Isle of Jura , the Kintyre peninsula and Northern Ireland are Islay ' s neighbours . By the way , the proper pronunciation for Islay is Eye - la . St . Columba The earliest known reference to the Isle of Islay comes in Adomnan ' s , Vita Columbae , a biography of the Irish Saint , Columba in about 720 AD . St Columba visited the Isle of Islay on his way north , prior to founding the famous monastery on the Isle of Iona , off the south - west tip of the Isle of Mull . Adomnan , St Columba ' s biographer , wrote Islay ' s name as " Ilea " , describing Islay as an inhabited island , which was later transformed to Islay through anglicised spelling . In Gaelic the island ' s name is spelt Ìle and pronounced EE - leh by native Gaelic speakers . Some figures The Isle of Islay has 3,228 people ( census 2011 ) , covers an area of 600 square kilometres and has an impressive 130 miles of coastline . Islay is famous for its single malt whisky and has eight working distilleries on the island , making the single malt whisky industry one of the most important sources of income for the island . Famous names like Bruichladdich , Bowmore , Laphroaig , Lagavulin , Caol Ila , Bunnahabhain and Ardbeg are the established brands and well known all over the world . Other main industries are farming , fishing and tourism . A lot of people visit Islay for the distilleries , the wildlife and the spectacular scenery . Birdwatching is another popular activity throughout the year because of the large flocks of wild geese which visit the Isle of Islay every winter ( October to May ) and the huge variety of rare birds seen on Islay such as the corncrake and the chough . advertising A bit of Islay History Islay has a very long and rich human history . Evidence has been found to prove that the Isle of Islay was inhabited by very early settlers who came to Islay in Mesolithic times after the last Ice Age in around 7500BC as fishermen and hunters . In later Neolithic and early Bronze Age times many standing and carved stones were raised . The Cultoon stone circle dates back to this time . The Isle of Islay was once the main seat of power in the west of Scotland and became known as the home of the Lords of the Isles . The remains of their settlements are still visible at Finlaggan which is a very important archaeological site on the Isle of Islay . Remains of Islay s religious history and carved stones are visible at several locations on the Isle of Islay . The Kildalton High Cross is the last unbroken ringed Celtic cross existing in Scotland , dates to around 800AD and a fine example of this early history . Other high crosses can be found at Kilnave and Kilchoman , and carved grave slabs can be seen at Kilchoman , Kilnaughton , Keills , Bridgend , Finlaggan and Nereabolls . Weather Islay ' s climate benefits from the warm Gulf Stream , bringing cool winters with little frost or snow and mild summers . The driest , most pleasant weather , on average , is often from April to July when the sun makes the most hours and rainfall is less than in most other months . November to February are the wettest and windiest months although not seldom with crisp winter days and snowfall , especially on higher grounds . See and Do There are many things to see and do besides visiting the distilleries and enjoying the scenery and wildlife . Golf , cycling , fishing , horseriding and hillwalking are only a few of many possible activities or you can take the car and select one of our five Driving Tours . Several annual festivals on the island attract many visitors , especially the Islay Festival of Malt and Music , which is held in May . Other festivals are the Islay Jazz Festival , the Rugby Festival and the Cantilena festival . More reasons to visit There are several remarkable hand craft businesses on Islay . The Persabus Pottery , Islay Woollen Mill and Islay Quilters should be on every visitor ' s itinerary . Some of these handcraft businesses can be found in Islay House Square , Islay Ales is one of them , and is Islay ' s only Brewery . Islay offers many wonderful and quiet sandy beaches all around the island , some more suitable for swimming than others . Most beaches on the shores of Loch Indaal and Laggan Bay are safe for swimming , but it ' s always best to check for currents , tides and weather before dashing off into the sea . The Atlantic west coast of Islay is particularly beautiful because of stunning bays at Machir , Saligo and Sanaigmore . Saligo Bay is a must to enjoy one of the most impressive sunsets in Scotland . Some even say that Saligo Bay offers the most beautiful light in Scotland . Interesting and beautiful villages like historic Port Charlotte , Bowmore with its Round Church , Port Ellen and Portnahaven will make your stay complete . Also not to be missed is the Museum of Islay Life where the visitor gets a good impression of Island life in earlier and historic times . Accommodation Islay has an excellent choice of accommodations to suit everyone ' s needs . There are quite a few four and five star Guest Houses , Bed and Breakfasts , Hotels and Self Catering Cottages as well as an excellent Youth Hostel . Most other properties are of a high standard as well . Furthermore Islay has two campsites , one is suitable for motorhomes . Photography on Islay Info All the pictures on our website , unless stated otherwise , are provided by Island Light Photography . We provide Digital files for Self Printing and for publishing in Magazines . We also provide prints and canvases and offer Islay Drone Photography . We ship worldwide . Visit www . islay . photos for our comprehensive selection . The beautiful Conservation Village of Port Charlotte from a Drone Islay Books Related Islay Books in association with Amazon . for a complete selection of available maps and books about Islay , wildlife and whisky , visit the Islay Bookshop Norman Newton - Islay guide A small book , but loaded with gorgeous colour pictures of this beautiful Island in the Hebrides . Has a Useful Information and Places to visit Guide . Gives you a crash course of Place - Names and their pronunciation , so you wo n ' t be murdering the Gaelic . Includes of map , gives information of Medieval ruins , the Islay distilleries - which produces fine Single Malt Whisky . Gives you a real flavour of this delightful Island . The book is soft sided and lightweight so if you plan to visit , the book is Andrew Jefford - Peat Smoke & Spirit Those who discover malt whisky quickly learn that the malts made on the Isle of Islay are some of the wildest and most characterful in the malt - whisky spectrum . In PEAT SMOKE AND SPIRIT , Islay ' s fascinating story is uncovered : from its history and stories of the many shipwrecks which litter its shores , to intimate descriptions of the beautiful wildlife , landscape and topography of the island . Peat Smole and Spirit is the last word on Islay and its whiskies . | [
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http://ismacs.net/singer_sewing_machine_company/serial-numbers/singer-d-series-serial-numbers.html | Home Singer Sewing Machine Company Singer Sewing Machine Serial Number Database Serial Numbers Beginning With D Singer Sewing Machine Serial Number Database Serial Numbers Beginning with D Letter Register Numbers From To Machine Class Model No Quantity Allotted Date Allotted Year Allotted Notes D 000001 015000 27 15000 January 1 1908 D 015001 020000 1530 5000 January 1 1908 D 020001 024800 1530 4800 January 1 1908 Trans 28 tp 1530 D 024801 025000 1635 200 January 1 1908 D 025001 075000 1530 50000 January 1 1908 D 075001 125000 274 50000 January 1 1908 D 125001 145000 283 20000 January 1 1908 D 145001 155000 3115 10000 January 1 1908 D 155001 159000 1635 4000 January 1 1908 D 159001 159500 23 500 January 6 1908 D 159501 160000 23 500 January 6 1908 D 160001 160050 36 50 January 7 1908 D 160051 161050 17 1000 January 7 1908 D 161051 162050 18 1000 January 7 1908 D 162051 164050 24 2000 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http://isme.tamu.edu/JSCOPE99/Bell99.html | Introduction The hypotheses of this paper are threefold First the values of any organization are primarily communicated to its members through the organizational policies that most directly effect them Furthermore changes in the values over time impact organizational culture Second that all policies have unintended 2 nd and 3 rd order consequences or side effects that take significant time to come to the attention of the senior leadership 1 These effects can be either positive or negative Unintended effects can also have combined impacts Third implementing fundamental or cultural change within organizations in response to unintended negative consequences is very difficult This paper will propose a causal chain that ties policies to values and to culture in potentially negative ways It will then use current Army personnel policies to illustrate how this causal chain can explain certain negative effects of personnel policies on Army values The paper will recommend options for changing policies to meet or support stated values again using the Armys personnel system as an example Why do organizations have or espouse values Organizational values set acceptable or expected norms or bounds of behavior for the individual members of the organization Without organizational values organization members will by default follow their individual value systems These may or may not promote behavior that the organization finds desirable Therefore organizations establish values to provide their members guidelines for their behavior Organizational values also provide the framework for the culture of the organization Culture is the body of custom ideas assumptions and institutional patterns transmitted from one generation to the next and are particularly powerful in determining individual behavior 2 It is the collective programming of the mind 3 Any values that has the net result of potentially changing culture must be analyzed very carefully because it is very difficult to reverse those changes Obviously the values of the organization should support the mission of the organization It would make little sense for an organization to espouse values that work against its longrange goals 4 To summarize the values of the organization should provide a guide or framework for the organizations members in accomplishing their part of the organizations mission How do organizations establish or set values in the minds of their members Organizations must use a broadspectrum approach to educate its members of the organizations values Obviously values are only important when the organizations members have accepted them First organizations should write them down and widely publicize them If an organization has initial entry andor continuing education requirements the values should be explained in detail to the members as they pass through the organizations education system Second it must require all of the senior leaders of the organization to demonstrate or live by the values Douglas Macgregor states that highly successful organizations do not simply proclaim a set of values rather they immerse their managers as well as their employees in the ideology to an obsessive degree 5 Any perceived disconnect between the behavior of the senior leaders and the values of the organization will strongly undermine the commitment of the organization to those values in the minds of its members This is important because the adherence of the members to the organizations values is the essence of discipline Anything that undermines values also undermines organizational discipline Third new members learn the values of the organization through their initial socialization processes with other members of the organization This is an informal method quite powerful but chancy as it assumes that the older organization members hold to the stated values of the organization 6 The last means of establishing the organizations commitment in its own values is more indirect but the most powerful It must demonstrate those values to the organizations members through the organization rules and policies 7 Statements are not enough The values must be sold to the constituents through actions 8 This brings us to the basic assumption of this paper that humans act rationally and rely on reason to perceive reality effectively This Objectivist view is basic to this papers hypotheses and means that organization members will individually evaluate reality and act accordingly To state another way it means that values are objectively evaluated based on the direct experience of the members The creation of culture and the socialization of the organizations members rely heavily on learning processes to ensure an institutionalized reality 9 In many cases this is trial and error learning 10 This learning may take place in planned or informal often unintended ways 11 The reward system of the organization promotion training selection benefits prestige etc highlights what values are truly organizationally important Individuals will then execute behaviors that further their long term professional survival and well being 12 This strongly implies that if there is a difference between what an organization declares as its values and the values demonstrated by its policies the rational members would put priority on the values determined from the policies 13 The synthesis of above is the following concept The greater the impact of the organizations rules and policies on an individual the more the values of that organization are taught and reinforced in the individuals mind What types of policies teach individuals the most about the organization values If one accepts the preceding this question is logical and obvious and the answer is a logical one to ask The policies that most personally and directly affect the members of the organization are those that teach the members the most about the organizations values and culture Organizations have many policies that have little to no impact on its members except in special situations Other policies are instituted for statutory reasons but have slight impact on a day to day basis The policies that have the greatest impact on the individuals in any organization are those that affect promotions separations 14 Therefore it follows that the personnel policies of an organization have the greatest impact on demonstrating and teaching the values of an organization to its members What if there is disagreement between the stated values and the demonstrated or derived values 15 If there is any disagreement between what the organization states as its values and in how the organization demonstrates its values successful individuals will go with the values the organization demonstrates 16 As stated earlier individuals will often go to great lengths to rationalize their selfinterestoriented and derived value behavior in stated organizational value terms to avoid this disagreement In some cases this disagreement often requires management to consciously exhibit a type of organizational hypocrisy or publicly stating support for the stated values of the organization while acting in accordance with the contrary demonstrated values of the organization It also appears from reviewing the literature that truth is an early casualty to this disagreement That is to say the wider the values gulf is perceived the more difficult for bad news to It is ludicrous to think that these value disagreements or dilemmas are lost on the organizations members even when they have successfully rationalized their behavior in derived value terms Any significant separation between the stated and actual values of an organization causes cynicism among the organizations members in direct proportion to the size of the separation 17 Individuals that fail to adapt to the actual not the stated values of the organization will not succeed in the organization 18 Therefore failure to act in accordance with the actual not stated values of the organization is a type of professional suicide It also follows that those who quickly adapt to the actual values of the organization have a decided advantage over those who do not Substantial disconnects between the stated and demonstrated values of an organization will have the greatest averse impact on the more idealistic members of the organization because they are likely to hold onto the stated values longer This likely puts them at a significant disadvantage in terms of promotions selections and assignments 19 How do policies impact the individual 20 All policies personnel or otherwise have both intended and unintended effects All policies are implemented by organizations for specific reasons or to accomplish specific goals These are the intended effects Often but not always the policy contains a feedback mechanism so that the management can determine its success or failure The major difficulty with organizations and organizational policies is the failure to recognize that organizations are very complex organisms Organizations are not closed systems but are acted upon by many outside influences ie are open systems 21 Policies effect the complex organization in ways that can not be foreseen or anticipated 22 These unintended effects can be positive andor negative 23 Unintended effects can be 1 st 2 nd or 3 rd order effects Whereas it may be possible to anticipate a 1 st order effect ie this happened because of this it is difficult to anticipate 2 nd order effects and virtually impossible to anticipate 3 rd order ones It is also very difficult to design feedback mechanisms to track those effects Note that the unintended effects can be both positive ANDOR negative There may be differences in impact on different groups within the organization They may also have both positive and negative impacts on the same group 24 Unintended effects can get really complicated because policies particularly personnel policies do not exist in isolation With apologies to Sir Isaac Newtons Theory of Gravity every policy has an influence on every other policy This appears to be especially true of personnel policies probably because the informal communications network would accent them 25 Sometimes the positive consequences of one policy may cancel out the negative consequences of another policy It is just as possible that the negative unintended 2 nd and 3 rd order effects of one policy synergistically reinforce the negative 2 nd and 3 rd order effects of one or more other policies in a kind of compounding effect 26 Last these effects tend to insidiously move the component values of the organization progressively further and further from the initial organizational values 27 It is in the 2 nd and 3 rd order effects that the problems occur with most policies This is because 1 they are very difficult to anticipate 2 they can interact in unforeseeable ways 3 their effects can slowly build over time 4 when detected their interpretation can be discounted or biased due to overconfidence or organizational compartmentalization and 5 the fact that effects are for example a 3 rd order effect has no bearing on how severely they can impact an individual or an organization The 3 rd order effect of a policy may be devastating to an individual whereas the original intended effect has little or no impact For the individual the intended effects of policies are meaningless only the actual effects of policies on the individuals have meaning It is what impacts the individual that is meaningful to the individual and therefore determines his behavior as well as his understanding of the actual organizational values system Unintended positive and negative effects teach individuals the values of the organization It does not matter that the organization did not intend those 1 st 2 nd or 3 rd order negative effects The individual has no clear way to ascertain whether the effects were intended or not 28 Nor is that particularly relevant To them adaptation is professional survival therefore it is logical To summarize thus far t he successful individuals in any organization are those who adapt their behavior to the unintended as well as intended effects of policies as well as to the actual vice stated values of the organization It goes without saying that the organization may end up with its personnel believing a set of organization values that are considerably different than those either intended or desired These derived values may also work directly against the organizations goals or objectives Can organizations deal with the unintended negative impacts of policies It takes time for an organization to become aware of the unintended negative impacts of policies In particular 2 nd and 3 rd order impacts can be very subtle or long developing 29 Often they are difficult to trace back to the original policy or policies that caused them 30 By the time an organization becomes aware of negative unintended impacts of its policies the successful members of the organization have already adjusted to those impacts In other words they have in large part been considered an organizational success because they have successfully and early modified their behavior to the new value paradigm 31 Also by the time the organization becomes aware of negative unintended impacts of its policies many personnel have been attrited because they have either failed to adapt to the new value paradigm or are prevented from doing so because of conflict with their personal value system In many cases these members joined the organization because of the confluence of their personal values with those stated by the organization and the perceived again not necessarily intended organizational hypocrisy drives them out It is unfortunate because many of them are the members of the organization that the senior management most values or It therefore can be concluded that the longer an organization takes to discover the unintended negative effects of a policy or policies the more members of the organization will owe their very success to their adaptation to the new paradigm An example may illustrate this dilemma for an organization Lets theorize a company that operates in teams of employees working on specific projects Senior management of a company decide to add a requirement for periodic peer ratings of these workers intended to get them to work closer together and require development of interpersonal skills These peer ratings will go into the workers personnel folders for use in counseling Many of the workers did what management said they wanted they provided honest feedback to their peers Other groups formed around the informal organizations at the company decided to work together to 32 The senior management now discovers that a set of policies that was implemented many years ago has caused a significant or fundamental change in the actual or operational values of the organization These values vary considerably from the stated values of the organization The most successful members of the organization follow the new value paradigm because they ascertained the delta between the actual and stated values early on Those members who adhered to the stated values have been reduced in numbers to impotence What is the impetus for the organization to readdress its policies to changes to its values The more members of the organization owe their success to their successful adaptation to the new value paradigm the more difficult it becomes for the organization to change the policies to remove the original unintended negative effects 33 How do organizations implement fundamental change Fundamental change is defined as change that affects the core or culture of the organization Organizations can intentionally change or unintentionally change Fundamental change takes a considerable length of time Intentional fundamental change requires that the entire scope of organization policies be integrated and focused toward the change In private organizations managers often find it far easier to tinker with the compensation system than attempt real change to the companys culture 34 Real change is difficult Logically the more tightly integrated the values and policies are toward the fundamental change the more rapid the change will be 35 Unintentional fundamental change can also occur because of an unintended shift in the values of the organization due to negative consequences or effects from policies that have gone undetected or uncorrected for a long period of time 36 Intentional change to these unintended effects can occur when the senior leadership recognizes the need for the change before they are either coopted by the new paradigm or becomes too hard to do because too much of the organization has successfully adapted This can either be the changing of the stated values to match the policies or the changing of the policies to match the stated values or a conscious decision to live with the dual sets of values stated and actual This may be more common than one might imagine For example the stated values may have benefit for 37 This deliberate reintegration of the policies of the organization with the desired values of the organization may be easier to accomplish in private organizations where the bottomline is the primary focus vice public organizations that must respond to a variety of influences and focuses 38 In any event reintegration of policies can only occur with unwavering rigid leadership at the helm of the organization 39 How do organizations change when the senior leadership is unwilling or unable to change the values of the organization It is the ultimate responsibility of leadership to recognize and correct the policies of the organization when they have become maladapted to the intended culture of the organization 40 But this is often easier stated than accomplished When the senior leadership of the organization owes its success to the new paradigm internal change becomes highly unlikely Like tends to promote like As has often been stated organizations like innovation but reward conformity 41 Or to put it another way organizations often reward successful but limited initiative however they do not necessarily encourage it 42 Any organizational changes contain an element of risk Furthermore the risks of changing are believed to be less well known than the consequences of not changing Leaders become committed to losing policies or selectively interpreting performance feedback indicators in such a way as to rationalize inaction 43 At some point the new value paradigm becomes the norm by which members are evaluated This homogeneity in top management makes any strategic change even less likely 44 Change can either be internally generated or externally generated At this point only external stimulus can cause the organization to fundamentally change its policies to align them with its stated values To restate the above for fundamental change to occur the values of the organization must be brought into line with its policies or visa versa This is especially true for personnel policies because as stated they have the greatest impact on establishing the values of the organization in the minds of its members Corporate or private organizations are aware albeit possibly viscerally of the need for external stimulus for change to occur They are also aware of the difficulty in having senior leadership that owes its success to a particular policy or set of policies engineer fundamental change For corporate organizations the external stimulus is simple decline of profitability or market share 45 This gives them an unmistakable yardstick by which to evaluate the success or failure of policies If fundamental change is required outsiders are routinely brought in who havent been products of the organization policies to execute the needed change They recognize that products of a system have great difficulty fundamentally changing their system Public organizations generally find it more difficult to execute fundamental change without external stimulus although political appointees can be valuable to public organizations because they are free to break paradigms they are not part of 46 Military organizations in particular do not have or exercise the option in a strategic sense of bringing in new leadership to change organizational values under most circumstances This occurs with decreasing frequency in peacetime at the company battalion and brigade level It rarely occurs at any higher level without some other impetus ex moral turpitude Military fundamental change usually requires either 1 an organizationally emotional significant event ex Vietnam or 2 action by an external agency ex Congress with GoldwaterNichols or 3 battlefield failure or fear of failure ex GEN Marshall during WW II Even these deliberate fundamental changes eventually 47 Model Summary The crux of the above causal chain or model is that the policies of all organizations can create a gap between the stated values of an organization and its actual or operational values This is primarily due to the unintended 2 nd and 3 rd order consequences of the policies and the values they teach the members of the organization By the time that the senior leadership of the organization becomes aware of these unintended effects a substantial portion of the members of the organization has adjusted to the new value paradigm Those members that did not adjust or were slow to adjust are disadvantaged in the organization At the point that the senior leadership is coopted by the new value paradigm change back to the stated values of the organization is no longer possible without an external impetus If this new value paradigm is An example of the application of the causal chain to the US Army In his annual report to the President and the Congress Secretary of Defense William Cohen stated that readiness is cumulative It takes 20 years to develop senior military leadersA decline in adequately trained people will lengthen the amount of time it takes to rebuild readiness 48 The report is selfcongratulatory in stating Readiness has been maintained 49 Secretary Of The Army Togo West and the Chief of Staff General Dennis Reimer echo those statements and add the need for competent leaders as they are the keys to the Armys success in peacetime and war 50 Others are not so sure For example in a recent issue of the Army War College publication Parameters LTG Ret Walter Ulmer reports that a number of cracks are emerging in unit readiness Most troubling are his reports echoed in an increasing number of professional military journals of fear of failure 51 GEN Sullivan stated in an April 28 letter to the Association of the United States Armys regional state and local chapters Experience tells me we are headed for trouble Scholars have learned from the pathology of military defeats that commanders who hold slavishly to preconceived ideasoften lose with disastrous consequences 52 Other articles and books have been equally critical of the apparent growing problems in the Army 53 In particular the fear of failure or risk averse behavior and decision making is being increasingly reported by those in the best position to assess the Armys ability to operate under wartime conditions the observers at the Combat Training Centers CTCs A review of the Center for Army Lessons Learned CALL website for CTC lessons learned revealed this strong underlying theme 54 The first question is does this relate to values The Armys leadership manual states that leaders must have initiative and exhibit candor and courage It says that leadership must be decentralized develops trust and must demonstrate risktaking skills 55 Officers are evaluated on their efficiency reports on these first three values but not on the last three although it could be argued that they are implied 56 The Annual Report on The Army After Next Project agrees that prudent risk taking and trust by leaders will be critical to battle field success in the future 57 Force XXI Operations strongly supports this notion 58 It would appear therefore that the growing concerns about risk aversion are most definitely related to values The next question is what caused the separation between stated Army values and the operational values to occur In a recent article in Armor Magazine MAJ Donald Vandergriff clearly puts the responsibility on the personnel system He believes that the current system undermines trust and is directly responsible for creating a risk averse atmosphere 59 LTG Ulmer strongly implies the same 60 The key question then becomes how did it occur This author believes that the initial step in the creation of a risk averse officer corps was the shift to a new Officer Reporting System report in 1979 61 This form replaced the previous report form that had been used since 1973 and had several advantages 62 The primary problem with the old report form was inflation ie there was no way to prevent the steady rise of average scores This was to be corrected in the new form Furthermore the senior rater the superior of his superior in simplistic terms of the rated officer was the only rater allowed a numerical rating This was a significant change from the old form and fundamentally changed the relationship between the rated officer his rater and his senior rater Under the old system the officers rater and senior rater called endorser had equal weight in the numeric score given 63 The officer corps began to place increasing importance on the relatively sparse contacts the officer had with his senior rater Some may only see their senior rater at most 68 times per year some only 12 per year yet these fleeting contacts were seen as critical to the officers career Reports and statistical measurements gained increased importance as a means of communication with the senior rater vice personal contact In particular many officers became reluctant to allow subordinates latitude to make mistakes as those might come to the attention of the senior rater 64 The officers rater or immediate superior would have the same understanding of the importance of hisher senior rater etc 65 The 1979 OER also made patronage more effective as it now allowed senior raters to openly advance the careers of selected officers at the expense of others with little to know practical interference from raters It may also be significant if only in the minds of the rated officers that the rank peers of the senior rater are those that sit on all promotion and school selection boards Another new OER was recently put into effect It attempts to combat senior rater inflation and give personnel managers more tools for determining future assignments but leaves the senior rater rater dynamic 66 The Army downsizing began the next step in the causal chain It started in earnest with the end of the Gulf War and continues it is perceived to this day The removal of the bottom 13 of the officer corps made the remainder much more conscious of their professional vulnerability 67 An Army career was no longer seen as stable Officers became even more concerned about their efficiency reports and the infrequent senior rater contacts that impacted them Even fewer risks seemed prudent for the officer because it was perceived that any failure could impact their career 68 One bad report could end a career 69 Duty with soldiers in units vice duty on staffs began to be viewed as risky where before it was avidly sought The impact of the GoldwaterNichols Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 began to be felt during this time The net result on the officer was to halve the amount of time he was allowed to spend as a major in tactical units 70 Whereas before a major might spent two years or more as a battalion operations officer andor battalion executive officer now the requirements for joint service duty allowed 12 months of tactical unit duty for most Also during the last several years a shortage of captains who have commanded companies ie branch qualified has developed As a result the Army Personnel Command PERSCOM changed policy and captains now spend 12 to 18 months in command of companies where before they had command for two years or more 71 Furthermore few if any captains are allowed now to spend any significant time at the battalion or brigade level to gain additional experience Instead they are now quickly transferred out to meet the personnel systems need for branch qualified captains 72 Lieutenants must now do the jobs that would have been performed by the captains thereby denying them valuable platoon leader and company executive officer time and experience The captains and majors also now have half as much time to make a name for themselves with their senior raters This focuses their units attention on a large number of shortterm measurable tasks to the possible exclusion of longerterm efforts 73 Recently as a result of problems at the Army basic training centers the decision was made to divert 100 lieutenants from tactical units to serve as company executive officers This may be a worthwhile policy to increase visibility of officers in those units but further decreases the tactical unit experience of officers Compounding the experience issue is another recently announced personnel policy change in the promotion of lieutenants to captain Previously this occurred after 48 months in the Army The policy change will promote them to captain after 42 months 74 Battalion commanders now and in the future will have much less tactical unit experience than those ten years ago 75 This further impacts their willingness to engage in risks and to effectively mentor and trust their subordinates 76 It should be no surprise that their subordinates echo their risk aversions New members of the officer corps will obviously adapt these attitudes quickly as they are socialized into the Army structure Two other factors are becoming increasingly important in the creation of a risk averse culture There is a growing atmosphere of casualty aversion in the military Although the impact was seen in Somalia and in current operations in Bosnia its roots stretch back through the Gulf War to the Vietnam War and the allvolunteer army This pressure comes for both the military and political leadership The military is not only reluctant to risk its members but also its very expensive weapon systems In a very real sense casualty aversion equals risk aversion 77 Closely tied to casualty aversion is the impact of information technologies It is now possible through advanced communications systems for the highest levels of command to bypass intervening levels of command and directly monitor the activities and actions of their lowest subordinate units All indications are that this information technology trend will continue It is highly questionable whether or not the senior commanders will succumb to the temptations to meddle in the actions of their subordinates when they disagree with their decisions 78 It does seem probable that the awareness of higher command visibility of every detail of their actual operations will further dampen junior leader initiative and cause even more risk aversion to avoid instant criticism 79 This could potentially create the same type of animosities that existed during the Vietnam War between the units engaged in combat and the senior officers orbiting overhead in their command and control helicopters It should also be noted that the demands of the information data bases will likely occupy an increasing percentage of the officer corps time in garrison vice leading soldiers Morris Janowitz in1960 first commented upon the last element of the causal chain It is a narrowing of the differences between how the officers view a military and civilian career 80 Some of this is due to a strong civilian job market and some due to changing societal beliefs The Army in its advertisements to convince young men and women that the Army was just another job did much of it It has impacted the possible commitment of both officers and their spouses to the Army life Another dynamic at work is the fact that the military is increasingly an older force with a growing number of married members An older married Army is likely to be more risk averse even if none of the other factors were in play Every policy addressed above had wellfocused wellintended reasons for being implemented The new efficiency report attacked the inflation problem of the old the downsizing focused on minimizing personnel turbulence the GoldwaterNichols Act was to increase joint training among the officer corps the captains were diverted to assist in the training of the reserve components and the lieutenants were to free the company commanders to spend more time with the trainees under their command Yet the entire above causal chain has had the synergistic effect of increasing risk aversion We assumed that parts of the personnel system existed independent of the 81 Each policy had the unintended consequence of making the officers reluctant to assume risk and each policy compounded the effects of the other The net result is a large numbers of officers who see no professional benefit to engaging in prudent risk behaviors beyond check the block assignments The gulf between the stated values and those practiced in the Army grew The individual officers had no way to determine if the Army intended the operative set of values or not It became irrelevant as those who adapted to the new paradigm were successful At a point the new operative values 82 Trust has been a casualty to career survival in the minds of many officers and the need to obtain patrons became more important Risk aversion has its own 2 nd order effect on the ability for an organization to be selfcritical Ideas do not flow freely from individuals that do not trust the organization 83 Risk taking is not viewed as relatively rewarding rather it was viewed as potentially career damaging The Army is hypocritical in stating that it wants competitive officers yet these same officers should be satisfied with only making middle field grade rank 84 The proof of the above causal chain can be found in the Secretary of the Armys Senior Review Panel on Sexual Harassment A significant finding of the report was that many leaders have not gained the trust or confidence of their soldiers Of 14498 soldiers surveyed only 54 of the men and 41 of the women reported that the leaders in their company set good examples for soldiers Furthermore 43 of the men and 47 of the women said that their leaders were more interested in looking good than being good Last 37 of the men and 40 of the 85 One may argue with the model used to explain the rise of risk averse behavior by the officer corps but this report combined with the anecdotal CTC evidence is hard to refute 86 Note that the National Training Center Commander was instructed by his superior at Forces Command to find ways to promote and reward risk taking and initiative by visiting units 87 An additional proof may be found in the yet to be released 1997 Leadership and Professionalism Assessment The Army Times reported examples from a July 1997 briefing prepared for the Center for Army Leadership on the study The briefing stated the Armys current culture forces some officers to behave in ways that are contrary to the Armys stated values In addition a zerodefects environment coupled with a perceived reluctance on the part of senior leaders to acknowledge the problems was reported Example quotes from numerous soldiers would indicate that truth has been sacrificed in favor of careerism and that senior officers are not held in high regard 88 None of this bodes well for combat success Conclusions and recommendations All organizations suffer from the unintended consequences of policies It is impossible to avoid them It is critical for an organization to never believe that they are immune from these effects They must put into place feedback mechanisms that not only track the implementation of individual policies but also continually gauge the value health of the organization All policies personnel policies in particular must be periodically evaluated in accordance with three criteria First did the policy achieve its desired end Second does the policy enforce or reinforce the values of the organization Third does the policy work in conjunction with 89 Any challenge to the basic assumptions at work in an organization will cause anxiety and defensiveness but the fundamental role of leaders is to constantly do exactly that To paraphrase Edgar Schein if one wishes to distinguish leadership from management it can be argued that managers are controlled by existing and actual organizational values while leaders shape create and change the organizations values to develop the culture the organization requires 90 Once an organizations leadership has detected a significant separation between the stated and actual operation values of the organization the problem becomes much more difficult This is the case for the Army The problem is more difficult because a substantial portion of the members of the officer corps have adjusted to the new value paradigm and it therefore would require a much larger effort over a greater length of time to correct As stated in the above model the longer the senior leadership delays in addressing the separation in values the more the cynicism of the members will grow and 91 This implies that their risk aversion may be learned but with a cultural root The keys to reversing a significant longstanding gap in values for any organization is four fold These are 1 provide education 2 reestablish credibility 3 provide leadership and 4 enforcement The Army must make a long term large sustained commitment to have any chance to impact the growing culture of risk aversion 92 The most important initial step would be to make clear what their values are in very unambiguous terms This would likely be painful to many but embraced by many others Changing values to fit an acronym while ignoring important policy impacts is not useful in providing the organization the solid base and continuity that it needs The second step must be for the Army to give those values credence A panel of very distinguished personnel with great credibility within and outside the Army should be convened 93 Experts from academia and business as well as former Congressmen and military leaders should be included The Inspector General and the Army Research Institute should be put at its disposal The panels charter would be to review and recommend changes to every major personnel policy in the Army in accordance with the above three questions 94 Many of the recommendations in LTG Ulmers article should be considered 95 Obviously great care must be taken to understand the systems involved as improper reengineering could make the problem even worse 96 An additional task would be to recommend feedback mechanisms on the policies and the values of the Army This is vital if the Army is to avoid finding itself in the same position in the future Any organization is more likely to change if it has developed routines for monitoring and making changes 97 Next more leadership continuity at the unit level must occur The time leaders spend in tactical units is too short if the desire is to create a culture of excellence in those units The Army must ask itself the basic question of whether or not its priority is to its units or to the needs of the personnel managers The final step for the Army must be to constantly and continually immerse the officer corps in the work of the panel and its results This must be driven forcefully from topdown Any perceived value hypocrisy on the part of senior leaders must be ruthlessly dealt with as the entire officer corps would be watching for any signs or early indicators of values that differ from the stated ones It is critical that the credibility of the senior leadership be reestablished There is likely to be significant resistance to these proposals Much of the senior leadership denies that risk aversion problems exist or believe that it is merely a temporary event caused by the downsizing 98 A kind of cognitive dissonance seems to have set in reinforced by past successes and the apparent belief that the Armys culture is an immutable entity As has been stated however downsizing is only one facet of the problem and the Armys culture is changing The large number of potential current sources for risk aversion compounds the Armys problem As Argyris states Every time the previous conditions are reinforced the consequences are reinforced 99 Time is not on the Armys side It is important to note that at no time has it been said that the stated values of the Army changed only how they were perceived and implemented by the organization What the Army stands for has not changed only how things are done 100 The Cold War is over It takes two decades to build an officer corps It is now time for the Army to change or develop the policies systems and culture that will give our nation the leaders necessary to command Army 2020 It really doesnt matter if the Army is manned by the best educated best paid or best trained soldiers in the world if the Armys policies have created an officer corps without the core values to lead those soldiers effectively on the battlefield The only alternative is to let disaster force the necessary changes 101 Successful organizations have three learningrelated factors welldeveloped core values and competencies an attitude that supports continuous improvement and the ability to fundamentally renew or revitalize 104 In the end the incalculables of determination morale fighting skill and leadership far more than technology will determine who wins and who loses 105 1 A first order effect is the direct outcome intended or unintended of the policy a second order effect is a direct spinoff of the original policy effect and a third order effect is a consequence of the second order effect this happened because this happened because this happened An example from the recent news to illustrate the current administration has made international trade arguably the primary focus of its foreign policy To futher this policy the transfer of dual use missile technology was taken from the Defense Department and given to the Commerce Department The 1 st order effect was the now permitted transfer of this technology to China India feels more threatened conducts a series of nuclear tests and declares itself a nuclear power the 2 nd order effect Pakistan announces it will also conduct nuclear tests as soon as possible the 3 rd order effect 2 John W Gardner On Leadership New York The Free Press 1990 135 3 Joseph L Soeters Value Orientation in Military Academies A Thirteen Country Study Armed Forces Society vol 24 no 1 Fall 1997 8 4 James H Carrington Command Control Compromise Annapolis Naval Institute Press 21 5 Douglas A Macgregor Breaking the Phalanx Westport Praeger 1997 33 6 Edgar H Schein Organizational Culture and Leadership San Francisco JosseyBass Publishers 1992 13 This also borrows from the ideas of Herbert A Simon on informal communication in organizations 7 Macgregor 21 8 Macgregor 24 9 Edwin C Nevis Anthony J DiBella and Janet M Gould Understanding Organizations as Learning Systems 1997 available at httplearningmitedureswplearning_syshtml Internet accessed 6 May 1998 10 Edgar H Schein Kurt Lewins Change Theory in the Field and in the Classroom Notes Toward a Model of Managed Learning 1997 available from httplearningmitedureswphtml Internet accessed 6 May 1998 11 Nevis DiBella and Gould 12 Thomas E Becker Integrity in Organizations Beyond Honesty and Conscientiousness The Academy of Management Review vol 23 no 1 January 1998 156 Also Larry E Greiner Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow Harvard Business Review vol 76 no 3 May June 1998 55 as well as Chris Argyris Empowerment The Emperors New Clothes Harvard Business Review vol 76 no 3 May June 1998 102103 and Nevis DiBella and Gould referenced above 13 This is not to say that intangible or emotionally based decisions do not occur Loyalty and organizational identification is still a powerful motivator in many organizations see Herbert A Simon Administrative Behavior 4 th ed New York The Free Press 1997 Chapter 10 But it is rarely a black and white situation This author believes that most individuals will first attempt to rationalize their logical selfinterest behavior in terms of organizational values in fact people will go through sometimes remarkable logic chains to do so In the end selfinterest was the driving force behind their behavior 14 Deciphering an organizations culture is only successful through studying the punishment and reward system of the organization Edgar H Schein Organizational Culture and Leadership 13 15 Deep beliefs are often inconsistent with espoused values in organizations Peter M Senge et al The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook New York Currency Doubleday 1994 20 Also see Schein 325327 for examples 16 Organizational culture experience and core values are overlayed by best practises and common processes The above stated disagreement can also be called a performance gap Nevis et al 17 Senge 21 This is equally true in private and public organizations Note the statements and public cynicism about government campaign reform See Argyris 101 18 A close acquaintance of the author was told in his initial interview that the job hours was 9 AM to 5 PM with weekends free because the company strongly supported family values The first day of work he arrived at 8 AM to allow himself time to get orieted before the other workr showed up He discovered his fellow workers had been there since 7 AM He does frequently take Sundays off A fellow worker followed the stated work times He lasted about three months before he was let go by the company 19 John Gardner states that this may be a natural evolution of maturing organizations ie the purposes and values of the organization fade and what finally gets served is institutional selfenhancement See Gardner 1245 20 This papers basic assumption is that organizational values are considered in policy development This is probably not true at least in part Policies are usually developed for their own purposes with organizational values overlaid on them at best This author makes the assumption that values were considered because it is the best case or delays the probable unintended consequences the longest Policies that do not consider values accelerate the organizational value disagreement markedly 21 Daniel Katz and Robert L Kahn Organizations and the Systems Concept in Classics of Public Administration ed Jay M Shafritz and Albert C Hyde 3d ed Belmont Wadsworth Publishing Company 1992 248259 22 Argyris 101 23 Dennis F Thompson The Possibility of Administrative Ethics in Classics of Public Administration ed Jay M Shafritz and Albert C Hyde 3d ed Belmont Wadsworth Publishing Company 1992 523532 24 For example a city decides to severely limit growth through urban sprawl for envoronmental and ecological reasons They pass a series of antigrowth ordnances 1 st order effect As the city is a desirable place to work and live property values and property taxes go up 2 nd order effect because of supply and demand The unintended 3 rd order effect is the squeezing of the poor out of the city as they can no longer afford to live there Note that there is a positive unintended 3 rd order effect on the wealthier property owners especially when they go to sell their property 25 See the works of Chester I Barnard for more on how informal organizations work One example would be Chester I Barnard Informal Organizations and Their Relation to Formal Organizations in Classics of Public Administration ed Jay M Shafritz and Albert C Hyde 3d ed Belmont Wadsworth Publishing Company 1992 96100 26 Thompson 52930 27 John J Voyer Janet M Gould and David N Ford Systemic Creation of Organizational Anxiety An Empirical Study August 1996 available at httplearningmitedu Internet accessed on 6 May 1198 28 For example a company may state that its primary value is its people and quality standards for products but its record may be of requiring 7080 hour work weeks and quantity and profits over quality in its products Schein Organizational Culture and Leadership 21 29 Cognition Theory suggests that Disasterprovoking events tend to accumulate because they have been overlooked or misinterpreted as a result of false assumptions poor communication cultural lag and misplaced optimism LTC Jack L Killen Strategic Visions Why They Fail Strategic Research Project Carlisle Barracks Army War College 1997 2122 Argyris also believes that top down organizations tend toward group think which hides error until late Chris Argyris Integrating the Individual and the Organization New Brunswick Transaction Publishers 1997 xiiixv 30 In larger organizations the personnel tasked to develop new policies are commonly not those charged to implement said policies The former group move on to new assignments taking with them the indepth background knowledge of what factors were considered in policy development The latter group rarely have the same policy insights 31 Greiner 56 32 This case study was adapted from one inGeorge E Stevens ed Cases and Exercises in Human Resources Management 2 nd ed Chicago Irwin 1996 105115 33 Greiner 56 64 Also Argyris xvi because of error threatens the members operational values and norms 34 Jeffery Pfeffer Six Dangerous Myths About Pay Harvard Business Review vol 76 no 3 May June 1998 113 35 The example of the US Army after the Vietnam War is very illustrative of how a large number of values and policies could be integrated to cause rapid fundamental change Rapid is a relative term as it still took many years 36 Values always decay over time Gardner 13 37 Macgregor 33 38 This is not to say that an organizational focus on short term quarterly profits vice a longer view might not have its own 2d and 3d order efects and eventually erode the organization LTG Walter Ulmer riverbay6aolcom Re A Suggestion electronic mail to the author bill_dbl2aolcom 11 June 1998 39 Schein 5 40 Ibid 41 For example Argyris 9899 42 LTC Ralph Peters goes even further when he states that Dependable mediocrity is preferred over exceptional excellence LTC Ralph Peters Generals Its Time To Face Reality Army Times May 25 1998 43 Henrich R Greve Performance Aspirations and Risky Organizational Change Administrative Science Quarterly vol 43 no 1 March 1998 58 44 Warren Boeker Strategic Change The Influence of Managerial Characteristics and Organizational Growth The Academy of Management Journal vol 40 no 1 February 1997 158 166 45 The Fortune 500 list for example has had considerable turnover during the last 50 years Greiner 56 Also see Schein 32223 46 Congressional action as the external stimulous is typical at the federal level Congress passes broad general laws that are imterpreted by federal regulatory agencies If the agency interpretation is contrary to Congresss desires or over time the policy implentation diverges from political necessity or the agencies actions diverge from required or legislated agency values Congress intervenes Recent action by Congress with the IRS or the FDA over tobacco rules are examples 47 Greiner 58 48 William S Cohen Annual Report to the President and the Congress Washington DC Department of Defense 1998 26 49 Ibid 81 50 Togo D West and General Dennis J Reimer A Statement on the Posture of the United States Army Fiscal Year 1998 Washington DC Department of the Army 1997 3135 51 Walter F Ulmer Military leadership into the 21 st century Another Bridge Too Far Parameters vol 28 no 1 Spring 1998 56 52 Gorden R Sullivan SullivanDefense needs spending increase for people programs AUSA News June 1998 1 53 For example three recent articles by LTC Ret Ralph Peters Wasting Talent the Army Way Army Times May 16 1998 Ruinous General Heroes Gone Astray Army Times February 16 1998 and The Army That Couldnt Get There Army Times March 2 1998 Others include LTC Ret Robert L McGinnis Double Standard For Adultery Army Times April 5 1998 and many others 54 For example see TA4 COMMAND AND CONTROL BOS available at httpcallarmymilcallctc_bullbctp1sec2ta4htm Internet accessed May 7 1998 Increasing occurances of adverse behavior on the part of the leadership of units going through the CTCs was also relayed to the author by several Armt War College students with recent CTC experience One bluntly stated Units cant win playing it safeit may be the biggest problem facing the Army Another student said If we dont take risks at the CTCs will we have the knowledge and confidence to take them in war If we dont we will lose 55 FM 22100 Military Leadership Washington DC Department of the Army 1990 viii 56 However only courage is among the values stated in the recent message titled Army Values See Subject Army Values Corrected Copy from DAPEEHRL Washington DC 111201Z MAR 98 57 Knowledge and Speed The Annual Report on The Army After Next Project to the Chief of Staff of the Army Washington DC Department of the Army 1997 2023 58 TRADOC 5255 Force XXI Operation Fort Monroe Army Training and Doctrine Command 1994 29 33 34 44 45 and 410 59 MAJ Donald E Vandergriff Without a Proper Culture Armor JanuaryFebruary 1998 23 60 Ulmer 78 61 DA Form 678 dated 1 Sep 79 62 DA Form 677 dated 1 Jan 73 63 Although the reports contain considerable narrative board members have consistently reported that the raters narrative is generally ignored while the senior raters much smaller narrative is usually read 64 Anecdotal evidence is wide spread For example these remarks were made by BG Honore Assistant Division Commander 1 st Cavalry Division at recent conference in Huntsville Alabama A company commander went out and did a report of surveythree months ago because two privates were slave starting an M1 tank and during the slave starting process burned up 415K worth of circuit cards in less than two minutes Thats the battalions budget for a quarter So as the risk goes up the company commander decisdes whether hes going to stay in the Army or not So do you think Im going to get a two block or a one block is his question to me Sean D Naylor General Irked Army Times May 18 1998 65 Some of the theoretical basis for this changed relationship with the senior rater can be from in Raymond T Sparrowe and Robert C Liden Process and Structure in Leader_member Exchange The Academy of Management review vol 22 no 2 April 1997 522552 This study also implies to the author an increased importance to mentoring and sponsorship due to the relationship shift 66 DA Form 679 dated 1 Oct 97 CDRPERSCOM ALEXANDRIA VATAPCMSE MILPER MESSAGE NR 97099 SUBJECT OFFICER EVALUATION REPORTING SYSTEM In 1985 Lorsch in his study of top management Strategic Myopia Culture as an Invisible Barrier to Change discussed how they attempted to make small incremental changes when more substantial restructuring was necessary Also see Schein 298302 Argyris Single loop model would seem to argue that the 1997 OER merely reinforces the error of the 1979 OER 67 Selection to the Army Command and general Staff College and the Army War College were long viewed as key events in the officers career Both meant that the officer was a success The great increase of nonselection for promotion of attendees at those two institutions had a large chilling effect on the Army 68 Note that the Armys entire current generation of lieutenants and captains the future colonels and generals have only known a downsizing Army with all its uncertainties and perceived risks 69 Vandergriff 23 for example Interestingly also reported in LTC William L Hauser Americas Army in Crisis Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press 1973 223 but this author believes that the current effect is far more profound 70 These assignments being critical to career advancement 71 Successful companybatterytroop command is the prerequisite to the future of the officer in the Army in most specialties 72 General Accounting Office Military Readiness Observations on Personnel Readiness in Later deploying Army Divisions Washington DC US General Accounting Office March 1998 73 This author believes that it is highly significant that this same effect was noted in an Army War College study initiated by General Westmoreland in 1970 as quoted in Richard A Gabriel and Paul L Savage Crisis in Command New York Hill and Wang 1978 8485 74 This is to get captains into command faster to meet the demands for branch qualified captains not to increase the time the captains spend in command Jim Tice Faster Leap to First Lieutenant Army Times February 2 1998 75 Those officers that receive early or below the zone promotions have even less experience before becoming battalion commanders 76 We expect people to learn when the costs of failure are high when personal threat is great when there is no opportunity to replay an important decision and when there is no opportunity to simplify complexity and shorten time delays so as to better understand the consequences of actions Senger 35 The last point is fundamental to Army After Next 77 Grant T Hammond Paths to Extinction The US Air Force in 2025 available at httptuvokauafmilau2025volume4chap01v4c11htmContents Internet accessed 31 July 1998 Also Charles J Dunlap Organizational Change and the New Technologies of War available at httpwwwusafaeduisme Internet accessed 31 July 1998 78 The political pressure in Operations Other Than War OOTW where the actions of a squad leader can have international implications can only increase these temptations 79 Ibid 80 Morris Janowitz The Professional Soldier New York The Free Press 1960 910 Also see Charles Moskos Institutional and Occupational Trends in Armed Forces in The Military More Than Just a Job eds Charles C Moskos and Frank R Wood Washington DC Brasseys 1988 1526 81 We tend to fix problems not systems Senge 25 82 General Dupuy said When 51 of the commanders in the Army general through captains operate instinctively in accordance within principles at that time iit will be genuine doctrine Richard M Swain Donald L Gilmore and Carolyn D Conway eds Selected Papers of General William E Dupuy Fort Leavenworth KS Combat Studies Institute 1994 As with doctrine so it would appear with operating value systems 83 Senge 36 84 It can also be argued that our current pay system which centers the most significant pay raises around promotion vice longevity also contributes to risk aversion 85 Secretary of the Armys Senior Review Panel on Sexual Harassment as presented to the Army War College class of 1998 86 It appears that the Army may have come full circle from the postVietnam era in terms of officer values 87 Sean D Taylor The NTC Facing New Challenges Do Soldiers Lack the Necessary Skills to Keep Up Army Times June 7 1998 This laudable effort is unlikely to effect overall risk taking in the officer corps due to the small number of relative officers exposed to the NTC experience and the existence of all of the risk averse reinforcing systems To state differently risk encouraging training systems can not overcome risk averse personnel systems 88 Sean D Naylor Leader Survey Still Secretive A Year After the Fact Poll Showing Malaise Still Not to be Released Army Times July 13 1998 and Survey Says Army Times July 13 1998 89 Schein 15 90 Ibid 5 91 Soeters 3132 92 Edgar Schein states that it takes from5 to 15 or more years to change basic assumptions without destroying and rebuilding the organization Schein 317 93 This is similar to the recommendation in LTC Ret Palph Peters Generals Its Time To Face Reality Army Times May 25 1998 94 It must not be assumed that the risk aversion paradigm is the only one in question A soon to be published manuscript by LTC Mark Bowman implies similar unintended consequences from our physical fitness policies LTC Mark S Bowman We are Healthy and in Shape But We Get Hurt Why Research Project Carlisle Barracks Army War College 1997 37 It was also argued recently by a speaker at the Army War College that the GoldwaterNichols Act had a number of negative 2 nd and 3 rd order consequences for civilian control of the military by the strengthening of the Joint Staff 95 Ulmer 1023 96 Senge 39 97 Greve 59 98 For example the statements by the Armys chief personnel officer LTG Vollrath at Naylor Leader Survey Still Secretive A Year After the Fact Poll Showing Malaise Still Not to be Released Army Times July 13 1998 and the Army Chief of Staff GEN Dennis J Reimer Developing Great Leaders in Turbulent Times Military Review Vol 78 no 1 JanuaryFebruary 1998 7 99 Argyris Integrating the Individual and the Organization xvi 100 Macgregor 33 101 Schein 327 102 John Shy First Battles in Retrospect in Americas First Battles ed Charles E Heller and William A Stofft Lawrence Kansas 1986 352 | [
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http://isss.umn.edu/programs/interbuddy/ | International Buddy Program Adjusting to a new cultural environment can be exciting and challenging . New international students at the University of Minnesota often have a lot of questions and concerns during their first weeks on campus . The International Buddy Program was created to ease the transition , with current U.S. and international undergraduate students helping new undergraduate students . 如果你无法正常观看此视频 ， 请点击这里去优酷网站观看 1 / 4 What Is the International Buddy Program ( IBP ) ? Watch later Share Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . We promote : I ndividual connections between current students and new international students B uilding a globally minded community P eer support in finding ways to be actively involved on campus What can new students expect for joining the International Buddy Program ? Connect with a current UMN student ( mentor ) before arriving Get a personal tour of campus and resources Explore cultural differences in studying and living at the University of Minnesota Join large group events with other new international students and other current U.S. and international UMN students Lots of FREE food and fun activities International Buddy Program is FREE , FUN and held each semester for new international undergraduate students . All that is required is your commitment to the program ! New students : Click here for information on how to become a buddy Current UMN students : Click here for information on how to become a mentor | [
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http://it-ebooks.info/book/345/ | Head First jQuery Head First jQuery Buy Amazon 3354 Apple iBooks 3199 BiggerBooks 3331 eBay 2740 eBookscom 3199 eCampus 3399 update prices Price 2740 3399 Rating Authors Ryan Benedetti Ronan Cranley Publisher OReilly Media Published 2011 Pages 544 Language English Format Paper book ebook PDF ISBN10 1449393217 ISBN13 9781449393212 Description Free downloads Authors Reviews Want to add more interactivity and polish to your websites Discover how jQuery can help you build complex scripting functionality in just a few lines of code With Head First jQuery youll quickly get up to speed on this amazing JavaScript library by learning how to navigate HTML documents while handling events effects callbacks and animations By the time youve completed the book youll be incorporating Ajax apps working seamlessly with HTML and CSS and handling data with PHP MySQL and JSON If you want to learn and understand how to create interactive web pages unobtrusive script and cool animations that dont kill your browser this book is for you Use jQuery with DOM to overcome the limitations of HTML and CSS Learn how jQuery selectors and actions work together Write functions and wire them to interface elements Use jQuery effects to create actions on the page Make your pages come alive with animation Build interactive web pages with jQuery and Ajax Build forms in web applications Share Head First jQuery Similar Books Head First EJB by Kathy Sierra Bert Bates With Head First EJB youll learn not just what the technology is but more importantly why it is and what it is and isnt good for Youll learn tricks and tips for EJB development along with tricks and tips for passing this latest very challenging Sun Certified Business Component Developer SCBCD exam Youll learn how to think lik Price 750 Publisher OReilly Media Release 2003 Head First PHP MySQL by Lynn Beighley Michael Morrison If youre ready to create web pages more complex than what you can build with HTML and CSS Head First PHP MySQL is the ultimate learning guide to building dynamic databasedriven websites using PHP and MySQL Packed with realworld examples this book teaches you all the essentials of serverside programming from the fundamentals Price 2757 Publisher OReilly Media Release 2008 Head First Design Patterns by Eric Freeman Elisabeth Robson Bert Bates Kathy Sierra At any given moment someone struggles with the same software design problems you have And chances are someone else has already solved your problem This edition of Head First Design Patterns now updated for Java 8 shows you the triedandtrue roadtested patterns used by developers to create functional elegant reusable and fle Price 2000 Publisher OReilly Media Release 2009 Head First ObjectOriented Analysis and Design by Brett McLaughlin Gary Pollice David West Head First ObjectOriented Analysis amp Design shows you how to analyze design and write serious objectoriented software software thats easy to reuse maintain and extend software that doesnt hurt your head software that lets you add new features without breaking the old onesBy exploiting how your brain works Head First O Price 3942 Publisher OReilly Media Release 2006 Head First Java 2nd Edition by Kathy Sierra Bert Bates Head First Java delivers a highly interactive multisensory learning experience that lets new programmers pick up the fundamentals of the Java language quickly Through mindstretching exercises memorable analogies humorous pictures and casual language Head First Java encourages readers to think like a Java programmer This revised Price 2300 Publisher OReilly Media Release 2005 Head First HTML with CSS XHTML by Elisabeth Robson Eric Freeman Tired of reading HTML books that only make sense after youre an expert Then its about time you picked up Head First HTML with CSS XHTML and really learn HTML You want to learn HTML so you can finally create those web pages youve always wanted so you can communicate more effectively with friends family fans and fanatic custo Price 374 Publisher OReilly Media Release 2005 Head First Physics by Heather Lang Wouldnt it be great if there were a physics book that showed you how things work instead of telling you how Finally with Head First Physics there is This comprehensive book takes the stress out of learning mechanics and practical physics by providing a fun and engaging experience especially for students who just dont get Price 1550 Publisher OReilly Media Release 2008 Head First Data Analysis by Michael Milton How can you learn to manage and analyze all kinds of data Turn to Head First Data Analysis where youll learn how to collect and organize your data sort the distractions from the truth find meaningful patterns draw conclusions predict the future and present your findings to others The unique approach in Head First Data Analysis is Price 3188 Publisher OReilly Media Release 2009 Subscribe to Newsletter Be the first to know about new IT books upcoming releases exclusive offers and more | [
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http://it.dss.ucdavis.edu/training/staff-training-incentive | You are here : Home Learning Online Training Resources Training Incentive Program for Career Staff About the Training Incentive Program The DSS Staff Training Incentive program is intended to encourage career staff members in the Division of Social Sciences to take advantage of the free training resources that are available to all UC employees through the Staff Development and Professional Services . How it works : The program is open to career staff members in the Division of Social Sciences . To be eligible , you must be employed within the division both when you participate in training and at the time incentives are awarded . During the course of the program , for each hour of instruction you complete from the approved list of courses you will earn $ 5 toward your incentive award up to a maximum of $ 75 per year ( 15 hours of training per year ) . There is a minimum of 4 hours of training to qualify for the program . The number of hours counted toward the program is determined by the estimated duration of each course as determined by the training provider rather than the actual time spent . You can find the estimated number of hours for each course in the course description in the U - Learn portal . ( Here ' s how ! The program runs year - round , and incentives are awarded in Fall Quarter . On the annual award date , your supervisor will issue a call to report on training you have completed . Incentive awards will be distributed in Winter Quarter . . The incentives are funded by the DSS Dean ' s Office . To participate in the program : Take any online or instructor - led IT - related courses offered by Staff Development and Professional Services : Online : visit http : / / lms . ucdavis . edu / - then look in the " Technology and Software " catalog . Instructor - led : visit http : / / sdps . ucdavis . edu / course_catalog / tech_software If you want to take a course from another source ( e.g. , UNEX , Lynda . com , etc . ) , please contact Jeremy Phillips < jeremy @ ucdavis . edu > to verify that the courses will qualify for the program . That ' s all there is to it ! Frequently Asked Questions Q : I am having problems accessing the training from my computer . What should I do ? A : Please submit a ticket to DSS IT , and we will help you resolve the problem . The best way to submit a ticket is online via the DSS IT website : http : / / it . dss . ucdavis . edu / selfserve Q : I am a Mac user , but all of the training on the site is geared towards Windows applications . Is there any Mac - specific training ? A : Currently , there are only a few Mac - specific courses available on the LMS . For now , we recommend taking the Windows versions of courses — in most cases , the Windows versions of applications are very similar to the Mac versions . To find the available Mac courses , search on the keyword " mac " in the LMS . How can I tell how much time a specific course is expected to take ? We have posted a video online showing how you can view this information : http : / / it . dss . ucdavis . edu / training / staff - training - incentive / view - course - duration Questions or comments ? Please contact Jeremy Phillips < jeremy @ ucdavis . edu > , 530 - 341 - 3567 . | [
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http://itadminguide.com/hp-switch-cli-commands/ | HP Switch CLI Commands 2011 by Administrator 2 years ago In HP Switch Configuration Commands 1Create a VLAN and assign an IP address that will be used as default gateway for computers belonging to this specific VLAN In Cisco terms you call it as SVI SWITCHconfig vlan 4 name CLIENTS SWITCHvlan4 ip address 1010101 2552552550 2Assign a switch port to a specific VLAN SWITCHconfig vlan 4 SWITCHvlan4 untagged 24 3Add a description to switch interface SWITCHconfig interface 24 name CEDEPTPC 4Enable or disable an interface In Cisco terms you perform shut or no shut an interface SWITCH config t SWITCHconfig interface 26 SWITCHeth26 disable SWITCHeth26 enable 5Create Trunk ports EtherChannel in Cisco terms We create a trunk for ports 567 and label as Trk1 We also specified to use LACP protocol SWITCHconfig trunk 57 Trk1 LACP When a trunk is created the switch ports lose their VLAN configuration and added to member of default VLAN In order to add these trunk ports to a specific VLAN run following command SWITCHconfig vlan 4 tagged Trk1 6Establish connectivity between two switches for traffic to flow between same VLANs in both switches You need to repeat the same configuration on bot the switches SWITCH01config vlan 4 vlan4 tagged 10 SWITCH01config vlan 5 vlan5 tagged 10 7 IP routing between VLANs Click 8 VLAN trunk between HP and Cisco switch Click Download HP Switch Guides for Free 2 Page PDF HP Switch Basic Configuration Guide I Download Size 2410 KB Download Count 472 HP Switch Basic Configuration Guide II Download Size 2737 KB Download Count 356 Troubleshooting Commands 1Lists macaddress table entries SWITCH sh macaddress 2List switch port information of specific macaddress SWITCH sh macaddress b40c25ff6613 Status and Counters Address Table b40c25ff6613 MAC Address b40c25ff6613 Located on Port 16 3Show VLANs information on the switch SWITCH sh vlan Status and Counters VLAN Information Maximum VLANs to support 256 Primary VLAN DEFAULT_VLAN Management VLAN VLAN ID Name Status Voice Jumbo 1 DEFAULT_VLAN Portbased No No 2 Internetline Portbased No No 3 IPVPNline Portbased No No 9 DoubleTake Portbased No No 103 SERVER Portbased No No 104 Backup Portbased No No 105 DMZ Portbased No No 4To view neighbor switches SWITCH show cdp neighbors CDP neighbors information Port Device ID Platform Capability 13 10 1f 74 78 fe 77 HP VC Flex10 Enet Module 14 10 1f 74 78 fe 77 HP VC Flex10 Enet Module 15 10 1f 74 78 fe 89 HP VC Flex10 Enet Module 19 nadr01 NetApp Release 83P2 Tue 20 nadr02 NetApp Release 83P2 Tue 21 nadr01 NetApp Release 83P2 Tue 22 nadr02 NetApp Release 83P2 Tue 23 nadr01 NetApp Release 83P2 Tue 24 nadr02 NetApp Release 83P2 Tue 25 10 1f 74 78 fe 89 HP VC Flex10 Enet Module 46 mrspw3136 Cisco IOS Software C2900 R S Like this HP Switch CLI | [
"HP Switch CLI Commands"
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http://italy.marist.edu/undergraduate/tuition.html | home > bachelor ' s degrees Cost of Attendance for Florence , Italy Bachelor ' s Degree Undergraduate Degree Program 2018 - 2019 Semester Tuition , Housing , and Other Fees The estimated fees listed below are for the 2018 - 2019 academic year . The full - time study abroad tuition rate allows undergraduate students to take 12 - 16 credits . Bachelor ’ s degree students taking more than 16 credits will be charged the per - semester - hour rate for each credit over 16 . All fees outlined below are per semester ( two semesters per academic year ) unless otherwise stated . Costs are shown in United States Dollars . Undergraduate students earning their bachelor ' s degree through the Marist four - year degree program in Florence , Italy will be housed in apartments arranged by Marist - LdM . All undergraduate students enrolled in the study abroad program will live in the center of the city of Florence , Italy . Housing is guaranteed for all four years . All apartments are equipped with kitchens for students to prepare meals . As part of each undergraduate studen t ’ s orientation to the study abroad program , they will be taught how to shop in the central market and cook by an Italian chef . Students can choose to be on a lunch plan for an additional fee . Total Estimated Cost of Attendance 2018 - 2019 : US Dollars US Dollars Full Year Semester Tuition and Fees Room Double Occupancy Board ( only optional 66 voucher lunch meal plan ) Additional Study Abroad Fees ( itemization below ) $ 38,900 7,900 1,200 2,830 $ 19,450 $ 3,950 $ 600 $ 1,415 TOTAL Billable Fees $ 50,830 $ 25,415 Scholarships and Aid We know that a college education is a significant investment for many families , and we want to be sure our students receive the best value for their investment . Many of our families discover that with proper options , the cost of Marist ’ s Florence campus is within reach . All undergraduate US citizens and non - US citizens are considered for Scholarship and Aid . You can find more information on our undergraduate scholarships and financial aid page . Florence Italy Bachelor ' s Degree Tuition : Full - Time Enrollment ( 12 - 16 credit hours ) $ 19,450.00 Part - Time Enrollment ( average class = 3 credits , rate determined by Marist main campus ) $ 700 / credit Over 16 Credit Enrollment $ 700 / credit Housing Fees For Florence Italy Study Abroad Program Per Semester : Double Occupancy Room $ 3,950.00 Single Occupancy Room $ 6,150.00 Additional Study Abroad Fees Per Semester : Lab Fee ( FYS - Freshman ; Fall Only ) $ 200.00 Activity Fee $ 325.00 Health Insurance $ 390.00 Orientation Fee * ( Freshmen ) $ 500.00 Orientation Fee * ( Transfers ) $ 200.00 Lunch Meal Plan ( 66 meal vouchers / semester ) $ 600.00 Estimated Out of Pocket Expenses for Studying Abroad Per Semester : Transportation ( plane travel , buses , taxis , etc . ) $ 1,700.00 Documents ( passport , visa , permesso , etc . ) $ 300.00 Course Supplies ( books , materials , etc . ) $ 800.00 Misc . ( laundry , mail , etc . ) $ 500.00 Meals ( self - prepared ) $ 2,400.00 TOTAL $ 5,700.00 / semester Note : The fees listed above are for the 2018 - 2019 Academic year . All fees are subject to change for subsequent years and may do so without notice . In addition to the fees listed above , students participating in the bachelor ' s degree program may incur additional fees , not payable to Marist College , for items such as airline tickets , course supplies , books and personal expenses . A sample out - of - pocket budget is provided below . Please note these are estimates and can vary depending on each student ' s lifestyle and REFUND POLICY AND CALENDAR | [
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http://itax.deltacounty.com/assessor/web/ | Version : 2018.3 . 7 Welcome to Delta County , CO EagleWeb The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and dependable . However , no warrantees implied or expressed exist regarding the veracity of the data . Indicated taxable values are for assessment purposes only and may or may not reflect the estimate of current market value by this office . Please contact us if you have any questions regarding the use of this application . Delta County Assessor ' s Office | [
"Delta County",
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http://itdc.lbcc.edu/oer/esl/esl33xal/presentations/writingprocessessays/writingprocessessays-notes.html | Writing a Process Essay 1 . Writing a Process Essay Process writing can be classified into two types according to its purpose . Writing a Process Essay There are two types of process writing . One type explains how to do something . The other type explains how something works . 2 . How to do something This type process writing is designed to tell someone how to do something . The reader should be able to follow the directions your essay and successfully do what you are explaining . 3 . How Something Works . The purpose of this type of process essay is to inform the reader . The reader is not going to do the process explained in the essay , but the reader will understand the process when he or she finishes reading the essay . 4 . The Introduction The introduction to a process essay may tell the reader about a problem . The thesis statement , which is usually the last sentence of the introduction , tells the reader how to solve the problem . In the example introduction , the writer presents a child with a behavioral problem ; then the writer presents a solution to the child ’ s behavioral problem . The writer uses a psychologist name Dr . Mo to present the solution to Reza ’ s son ’ s problem . Do you think Dr . Mo , Reza , and little Ali 5 . The Body When describing a process , it is important to make a plan so you do n ’ t skip any important steps . It is also important to list all the materials that the reader needs to have in order to follow the steps . It is important to be very familiar with the process you are writing about . Think the process through very carefully and make sure you have included all the necessary steps and that they are in the correct order . 6 . The Conclusion The conclusion may be similar to the introduction . It will remind the reader of both the problem and the solution . The conclusion sometimes warns the reader about the dangers involved in following the steps incorrectly or offer suggestions about overcoming certain difficulties . 7 . Transitions Since process essays follow time order , they use time order transitions . Be careful to use the correct punctuation with each transition . Use these transitions to help mark the steps in your process essay so they are easy to follow . The first step is Second , … . After that , … . Before doing the next step , … . . The next to the last thing you need to do is … Finally , … . Last , … . The last step is … . | [
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http://itdl.org/Journal/May_09/article03.htm | Editor ’ s Note : With the move toward Universal Health Care in the United States , there is a growing interest in the economic impact of various reimbursement policies . The economic impact of various decision models is studied next . . Teaching Healthcare Reimbursement Systems Using System Dynamics Models Michael H . Kennedy USA Abstract Methods for reimbursing healthcare providers and facilities are frequently taught in courses addressing healthcare finance . Unfortunately , defining the method of reimbursement and illustrating solutions to various problems incorporating these reimbursement methodologies often fail to convey the dynamic nature of payment systems or to set the context for informed decision - making . System dynamics software provides an appropriate medium for demonstrating the flow of funds associated with healthcare reimbursement and for illustrating the impact of typical management decisions . Three reimbursement methods are modeled generically : cost - based reimbursement , prospective payment , and capitation . Keywords : Finance , health care , payment systems , system dynamics Introduction Financing healthcare in the United States is not a static enterprise . Getzen ( 2007 ) uses a “ flow of funds ” approach to characterize the dynamic nature of financial transactions . Premiums and tax dollars flow from the patient and public to insurers and the government , and reimbursement dollars flow from insurers and the government to hospitals and doctors . Methods for reimbursing healthcare providers and facilities are frequently taught in courses addressing healthcare finance . Unfortunately , defining the method of reimbursement and illustrating solutions to various problems incorporating these reimbursement methodologies often fails to convey the dynamic nature of payment systems or to set the context for informed decision - making . System dynamics software provides an appropriate medium for demonstrating the flow of funds associated with healthcare reimbursement and for illustrating the impact of typical management decisions . Three reimbursement methods are modeled generically : cost - based reimbursement , prospective payment , and capitation . Cost - based reimbursement results in a payment to the provider based upon the cost of the resources consumed to provide care . Until the advent of prospective payment systems in the United States in the early 1980s , hospitals were paid by Medicare and other payers on the basis of reasonable costs ( Cleverley and Cameron , 2007 ; Gapenski , 2005 ) . Shi and Singh ( 2008 ) note that Medicare actually paid in excess of costs ( “ cost - plus ” ) because a percentage of capital costs were factored with operating costs into a formula used to compute a per diem reimbursement rate . Neumann , et al . ( 1993 ) report that hospitals were paid reimbursable costs plus 2 % from 1966 until 1970 . Cost - based reimbursement is a form of retrospective reimbursement – the amount to be paid to the provider is determined after the service is rendered . The system dynamics model explicitly demonstrates why cost - based reimbursement ( especially cost - plus ) has fallen out of favor as a reimbursement method . Prospective payment methods determine the amount to be paid to the provider before the service is rendered ( Gapenski , 2005 ) . Diagnosis - Related Groups were introduced in 1983 as the method succeeding cost - based reimbursement to pay hospitals for Medicare inpatients in the United States . Diagnoses coded from the International Classification of Diseases , 9 th Edition , Clinical Modification are currently assigned to 700 + MS - DRGs grouped by 25 major diagnostic categories ( Cleverley and Cameron , 2007 ) . Other prospective payment methods have been subsequently adopted to include Ambulatory Payment Classification ( APC ) for outpatients and Resource Utilization Groups now in version 3 ( RUG - III ) for skilled nursing facilities ( Castro and Layman , 2006 ) . Capitation represents a method to pay providers that is usually associated with managed care organizations in the United States . The provider agrees to provide a menu of services to the managed care organization ’ s enrolled members in exchange for a prospective payment of x dollars per member per month [ PMPM ] ( Cleverley and Cameron , 2007 ; Gapenski , 2005 ; Shi and Singh , 2008 ) . Explanation of Reimbursement Models iThink ® software was used to create the three generic healthcare reimbursement models : Model 1 – Cost - Plus Reimbursement , Model 2 – Prospective Payment , and Model 3 – Capitation . The models are a variation of cost - volume - profit analysis based upon the profit equation : Profit = Revenue – Costs . Model 1 – Cost - Plus Reimbursement Model 1 , the Cost - Plus Reimbursement Model , is used to introduce system dynamics modeling . Figure 1 provides the model ’ s schematic . Figure 1 . Cost - Plus Reimbursement Model In this model , patient admissions to the hospital drive reimbursement . The flow admitting is initialized at 100 patients per month and patient admissions are recorded in the stock Patients The unit cost per admission is initialized at $ 500 as represented by the converter unit cost Costs accumulate at a rate of admitting times unit cost [ 100 patients per month x $ 500 per patient = $ 50,000 per month ] as captured by the flow accumulating Patient costs are recorded in the stock Costs Revenue is generated by the recovery of costs plus 2 % as represented by the converter cost plus conversion initialized at 1.02 . Therefore , revenue builds at a rate of accumulating x cost plus conversion [ $ 50,000 per month x 1.02 = $ 51,000 per month ] as captured by the flow generating Cumulative revenues are recorded in the stock Revenue Profits represent revenues minus costs , so the profit rate is represented by the flow profiting whose formula is generating minus accumulating [ $ 51,000 - $ 50,000 ] . As initialized , the profit rate is $ 1,000 per month , so that annual profits are $ 12,000 Model 2 – Prospective Payment Prospective payment methods establish payments in advance of treatment . Figure 2 provides the schematic for Model 2 , Prospective Payment . Figure 2 . Prospective Payment Model The stocks and flows representing patient admissions and the accumulation of costs are the same for Model 2 as Model 1 . Revenues are generated differently . The revenue generated by each admission is established prospectively as captured by the converter unit revenue In order to produce the same initial profits , the prospective payment for each patient admitted is set by initializing the converter unit revenue to $ 510 . Therefore revenue builds at a rate of x [ 100 patients admitted per month x $ 510 per patient admitted = $ 51,000 per month ] as captured by the flow Model 2 represents a simplification of real - world prospective payment models . The prospective payment of $ 510 can either be thought of as one diagnosis ( rather than many diagnoses represented by 700 + MS - DRGs ) or thought of as the diagnostic case - mix represented by an average prospective payment . Either way , the basic incentives associated with prospective payment remain the same . Cumulative revenues are recorded in the stock Revenue Profits represent revenues minus costs , so the profit rate is once again represented by the flow profiting whose formula is minus accumulating [ $ 51,000 - $ 50,000 ] . As the model is initialized , the profit rate is $ 1,000 per month , so that annual profits are $ 12,000 . Model 3 – Capitation Modeling capitation rates is somewhat more complex . Figure 3 provides the schematic for Model 3 , Capitation . Unlike cost - plus reimbursement and prospective payment , patient admissions to the hospital do not drive reimbursement , but they do determine costs . Capitation involves up - front reimbursement of the provider at an established dollar per member per month ( $ PMPM ) rate multiplied by the number of enrolled beneficiaries which are recorded by the converters $ pmpm and covered lives , respectively . The converter covered lives is initialized at 30,000 members , and the value for the converter $ pmpm is set at $ 1.70 per member per month . Therefore revenue builds at a rate of [ $ 1.70 per member per month x 30,000 members = $ 51,000 per month ] as captured by the flow Monthly admission rates under capitation depend upon covered lives , the annual service rate , and a monthly conversion factor as denoted by the converters annual service rate , and monthly conversion , respectively . Annual service rate is established at 40 admissions per 1000 members per year , and monthly conversion is established as 1 year per 12 months . Therefore admissions build at a rate of annual service rate x monthly conversion [ 30,000 members x 40 admissions per 1000 members per year x 1 year per 12 months = 100 admissions per month ] as captured by the flow The stocks and flows representing the accumulation of costs are the same for Model 3 as Models 1 and 2 . Figure 3 . Capitation Model Profits represent revenues minus costs , so the profit rate is once again represented by the flow As initialized , the profit rate is $ 1,000 per month , so that annual profits are $ 12,000 . Student / Model Interaction The model interface is a “ flight simulator ” that allows the instructor or student to modify the value of selected model variables For Models 1 and 2 , a slider can modify the converter within a range of $ 400 to $ 600 by increments of $ 10 . Similarly , a slider can be used to modify the converter within a range of 75 to 125 admissions by increments of one . A similar approach is taken for Model 3 except that a slider can be used to modify the values for the converter annual service rate within a range of 30 admissions per 1000 covered lives to 60 admissions per 1000 covered lives by increments of 10 which produces the same range of admissions from 75 to 125 as Models 1 and 2 . Model 3 is more complex than Models 1 and 2 . Covered lives and $ PMPM are part of the negotiated contract and are beyond the immediate scope of decision - makers who may be able to influence unit costs and admissions . Modifying these variables involves a second stage of decision - making , but sliders are included in the model interface to modify the converter within a range of 22,500 to 37,500 covered lives by increments of 100 lives and to modify the converter within a range of $ 1.50 to $ 1.90 per member per month by increments of $ 0.10 . To begin model execution , the student is read a short narrative describing the reimbursement method incorporated into that model followed by a challenge to modify sliders one at a time to produce a configuration that maximizes profits . The student interacts with the model in one of two ways . The first form of interaction involves the instructor running each model as initialized and then seeking input about whether to increase or decrease the value of the sliders on subsequent runs . The second form of interaction occurs with the student operating the software independently , but with the instructor standing by . Each run result is posted to a comparative graph and a comparative table . Table 1 Run Results Model Run Unit Cost Annual Service Rate Admitting Covered Lives $ PMPM Annual Profit Cost - Plus 1 $ 500 100 $ 12,000 Cost - Plus 2 $ 400 100 $ 9,600 3 $ 400 75 $ 7,200 4 $ 600 125 $ 18,000 PPS 1 $ 500 $ 12,000 PPS 2 $ 132,000 3 75 $ 99,000 4 125 $ 165,000 5 $ 600 ( $ 81,000 ) 6 ( $ 135,000 ) Admitting Computed Capitated 0.04 30,000 $ 1.70 Capitated 0.04 30,000 $ 1.70 $ 132,000 0.03 $ 252,000 0.05 5 0.05 ( $ 288,000 ) 6 22,500 $ 9,000 7 37,500 $ 15,000 8 $ 1.50 ( $ 60,000 ) 9 $ 1.90 $ 84,000 10 22,500 $ 1.50 ( $ 45,000 ) 11 37,500 $ 1.50 ( $ 75,000 ) 12 $ 1.90 $ 63,000 13 $ 1.90 $ 105,000 Observation and Conclusions Typical model runs have followed the pattern recorded by Table 1 . The initial model explored is Model 1 , Cost - Plus Reimbursement . Run 1 proceeds at initialized values which produce an annual profit of $ 12,000 . Students are typically conditioned by the contemporary fiscal environment to reduce unit costs and run the model again . Cutting unit costs to $ 400 for Run 2 produces a counterintuitive result ; rather than increasing profits , a reduced profit of $ 9,600 is produced . This result generally stimulates a class discussion which produces the insight that since unit revenue in this model is always 2 % greater than unit costs , increasing , not reducing , costs is the optimal strategy . Run 3 illustrates the result of simultaneously decreasing unit costs and admissions which produces the lowest profit of $ 7,200 . Run 4 illustrates the result of simultaneously increasing unit costs and admissions which produces the greatest profit of $ 18,000 . Figure 4 illustrates the model interface for Model 1 with sliders for unit cost and admitting and a comparative graph displaying the results of Runs 1 - 4 . Figure 4 . Model interface demonstrating typical runs for Model 1 , Cost - Plus Reimbursement Model . Model 2 , Prospective Payment , is usually explored next . Again , Run 1 proceeds at initialized values which produce an annual profit of $ 12,000 . Students are conditioned by the contemporary fiscal environment to cut unit costs and run the model again . Cutting unit costs to $ 400 for Run 2 produces an intuitive result ; profits are increased to $ 132,000 . Follow - up discussion with the class usually reveals student understanding that since unit revenue is fixed , reductions in costs can produce dramatic increases in profit . Holding unit cost constant at the lowest value of $ 400 and simultaneously decreasing admissions to 75 during Run 3 produces the expected result of a lower profit of $ 99,000 . Run 4 illustrates the optimal strategy of simultaneously decreasing unit costs and increasing admissions from the initialized values to $ 400 and 125 admissions which produces the greatest profit of $ 165,000 . Two additional runs typically produce additional insights . If unit costs are set at $ 600 and admissions at 75 a loss of $ 81,000 is incurred . Since the unit revenue of $ 510 is $ 90 less than the unit costs of $ 600 , each additional admission produces additional losses , so that increasing admissions to 125 results in the loss of $ 135,000 . Model 3 , Capitation , is usually explored next . Again , Run 1 proceeds at initialized values which produce an annual profit of $ 12,000 . [ Note - Setting annual service rate at 0.4 per covered life and covered lives at 30,000 produces a monthly admission rate of 100 . ] Variables are manipulated in two stages , unit cost and annual service rate during stage one , and covered lives and $ PMPM during stage two . The variables not manipulated are held constant at initialized values . The first stage perturbs variables whose values are likely to change during the operating year . The second stage models variables reset upon review of the annual contract Reducing unit costs to $ 400 for Run 2 produces the intuitive result ; profits are increased to $ 132,000 . Follow - up discussion with the class usually reveals student understanding that since total revenue is fixed , reductions in costs can produce dramatic increases in profit . Holding unit cost constant at the lowest value of $ 400 and simultaneously decreasing admissions by reducing the annual service rate to 0.03 during Run 3 increases profits to a maximum of $ 252,000 . Unlike Models 1 and 2 , under capitation , total revenue is fixed by the capitated rate and number of enrolled beneficiaries . Reducing service volume increases profits as demonstrated by Run 3 ; increasing service volume decreases profit as demonstrated by Run 4 . The greatest stage one loss of $ 288,000 is experienced during Run 5 when unit cost and annual service volume are both increased to their highest values . Runs 6 – 13 illustrate the effects of holding unit cost and annual service rate constant while perturbing the values of covered lives and $ PMPM in turn and then simultaneously . Lessons learned by the students typically include : Different payment methods produce different incentives when pursuing even a simple goal like profit maximization . Cost - plus reimbursement is inherently inflationary . If costs are always reimbursed plus a little more , the optimal strategy to maximize profits is to spend more . Prospective payment provides an incentive for the provider to reduce costs . Reducing costs does not affect the payer , since the level of reimbursement has been determined ahead of time for the service provided . If costs for providing a medical service are less than the prospectively determined reimbursement for that service , the profit maximizing strategy is to increase the volume of services . This will cost the payer more . Capitation is more complex than either cost - plus reimbursement or prospective payment as indicated by the number of variables in the models . Since total revenues are determined by covered lives times $ PMPM , total revenues are usually fixed for the duration of the contracting period . It is therefore very important that the negotiated $ PMPM rate be negotiated at a level to produce sufficient revenue for the provider . The provider has some ability to reduce unit costs and to reduce annual service rate during the contract period . Since total revenue is fixed , reductions in either or both can dramatically improve profits . Anticipating the effects of simultaneous changes to two or more variables in a model is difficult . Limitations As presented , the system dynamics models are basic stock - flow representations of generic healthcare reimbursement systems . Coupled with the “ flight simulator ” capabilities inherent in the software , students do gain insight into how manipulating variables within the decision - maker ’ s control affects profitability . This is a useful and sufficient first lesson . Additional complexity can be added by incorporating feedback loops and delays into the model in subsequent lessons . References Castro , A.B. , & Layman , E . ( 2006 ) . Principles of healthcare reimbursement . American Health Information Management Association : Chicago , IL . Cleverley , W.O. , & Cameron , A . E . ( 2007 ) . Essentials of health care finance ( 6th ed . ) . Jones and Bartlett Publishers : Sudbury , MA . Gapenski , L . C . ( 2005 ) . Healthcare finance : An introduction to accounting and financial management ( 3rd ed . ) . Health Administration Press : Chicago , IL . Getzen , T . ( 2007 ) . Health economics and financing ( 3rd Ed . ) . John Wiley & Sons , Inc . : Somerset , NJ . Neumann , B . R . , Suver , J.D. , & Zelman , W . N . ( 1993 ) . Financial management : Concepts and applications for health care providers ( 2nd ed . ) . Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company : Dubuque , IA Shi , L . , & Singh , D . A . ( 2008 ) . Delivering health care in America : A systems approach ( 4th ed . ) . Jones and Bartlett Publishers : Sudbury , MA . About the Author Michael H . Kennedy PhD , MHA , FACHE is an Associate Professor in the Health Services and Information Management Department of the College of Allied Health Sciences at East Carolina University . He has a PhD from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems and a Masters in Health Administration from Baylor University . He has 33 years experience in teaching and health services administration that have been divided between both academic positions and operational assignments in the military health system as a human resources manager , equal opportunity advisor , ambulatory care administrator , and other positions of leadership culminating as the Chief Operating Officer of a small hospital . In past academic assignments , Dr . Kennedy has served as Director of the Doctor of Health Administration Program at Central Michigan University , has taught in the Health Services Administration Program at Slippery Rock University , and was the Deputy Director of the U.S. Army - Baylor University Graduate Program in Healthcare Administration . Dr . Kennedy is a Fellow in the American College of Healthcare Executives . E - mail kennedym @ ecu . edu | [
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http://itdt.wikia.com/wiki/ITDT_Wiki | Home Edit Share Introduction to ITDT Wiki ITDT ( In The Dark Together for short ) is a Web Series on YouTube . it is about a group of friends going on adventures in the dark . the show was created by Queintin Rodgers ( Also known as Havoc ) . and the show ( as of the writing of this WIKI ) has 9 episodes out on YouTube . ( 10 if you count Hunger Pains Part 2 / 2 ) The Official Banner Pages created so far Blue Fun and Games General Discussion Green Grey ITDT 1 ITDT 2 ITDT 3 ITDT 4 ITDT 5 ITDT 6 ITDT 7 ITDT 8 ITDT 9 ITDT Wiki Main Page Maroon New on Wikia starter pages News and Announcements Orange Pink Questions and Answers Red Violet Categories Browse Add category | [
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http://itfeature.com/tag/creating-and-defining-matrices-and-vectors-in-matlab | Basic Statistics and Data Analysis Matrix in Matlab : Creating and manipulating Matrices in Matlab Aug 1 , 2014 Muhammad Imdad Ullah Matrix ( a two dimensional , rectangular shaped used to store multiple elements of data in an easy accessible format ) is the most basic data structure in Matlab . The elements of matrix can be numbers , characters , logical states of yes or no ( true or false ) or other Matlab structure types . Matlab also supports more than two dimensional data structures , referred to as arrays in Matlab . Matlab is matrix - based computing environment in which all of the data entered into Matlab is stored as as a matrix . It is assumed Read More … Share this : Matlab Statistical Softwares creating and defining matrices and vectors in matlab Matrix in matlab Leave a comment Categories Basic Statistics ( 35 ) Measure of Central Tendency ( 5 ) Measure of Dispersion ( 11 ) Measure of Position ( 3 ) Chart and Graphics ( 7 ) Correlation and Regression Analysis ( 21 ) Inverse Regression Analysis ( 1 ) Logistic Regression ( 3 ) Model Selection Criteria ( 1 ) Multiple Regression Analysis ( 4 ) OLS Assumptions ( 4 ) Partial Correlation Pearson ' s Correlation Coefficient Regression Diagnostics Simple Regression Analysis Design of Experiment ( DOE ) ( 7 ) Estimate and Estimation ( 11 ) Estimator Properties Level of Significance ( 2 ) Point and Inteval Estimation Heteroscedasticity ( 8 ) Remedial Measures of Heteroscedasticity Test of Heteroscedasticity ( 5 ) Miscellaneous Articles ( 6 ) Multivariate Statistics Advance Multivariate Introduction to Multivariate Statistics ( 2 ) Principal Component Analysis Probability ( 10 ) Continuous Probability Distribution ( 2 ) F - Distribution Discrete Probability Distribution ( 3 ) Binomial Probability Distribution Introduction to Probability Sampling and Sampling distributions Short Questions ( 9 ) Statistical Simulation Statistical Softwares ( 16 ) Mathematica Matlab Microsoft Excel R Language Statistical Package for Social Science ( SPSS ) Statistical Tables Stochastic Processes ( 6 ) Markov Chain Random Walks Testing of Hypothesis ( 9 ) Independent sample t - test Type I error Type II Error Time Series Analysis and Forecasting itfeature Facebook page itfeature Facebook page Tags alternative hypothesis Basic Statistics Central Tendency chart Chart and Graph chart and graphics Coefficient of Determination correlation Deciles estimate estimation Frequency Distribution graph Heteroscedasticity Homoscedasticity interval estimate Level of Risk Level of Significance mean Measure of central tendency Measure of Dispersion Measure of Position Measure of spread median Miscellaneous Articles mode multiple regression null hypothesis P - Value Pearson ' s Correlation Coefficient Point Estimate Probability Probability Distribution Probability Value Pseudo Random Number Pseudo Random Process Regression Regression analysis Short Questions Significance level Simulation Statistical Simulation Stochastic Processes testing of hypothesis type I error GM Statistics Significance Figures : Introduction and Example Rounding of numbers is done so that one can concentrate on the most important or significant digits . For example , consider a flat priced at 300,000 . [ … ] Use and Application of Ratio The ratio is used to compare two quantities of the same kind . Consider in a group of 45 people , 15 of them are females . We can compare the number of males and the number of females in the group in two different ways as , There are 15 more males than females in the group of [ … ] Algebra Introduction We work with numbers in arithmetic , while in algebra we use numbers as well as Alphabets such as A , B , C , a , b , and c for any numerical values we choose . We can say that algebra is an extension of arithmetic . For example , the arithmetic sum of two numbers means that the sum of numbers [ … ] Absolute Error of Measurement Absolute error of a measurement is the difference between the measured value of an object and its true value . When we take the measurement of an object , it is possible that the measured value is either a little more or a little lower than its true value , that is , an absolute error has occurred . For [ … ] Rounding off In most of the everyday situations , we do not need to use highly sensitive measuring devices ( instruments ) . the accuracy of our measurement depends on the purpose for which we use the information . Example : Suppose someone uses a compass as a guide in going from one end of the school to the other . It would not [ … ] R Frequently Asked Questions Introduction to R Packages In R language functions and datasets are all stored in packages . The content of a package is only available when a package is loaded using library ( ) function . To see which R packages are installed , write the following command ( without argument ) > library ( ) To load a particular installed package , use package name as the argument to … Continue reading Debugging Tools in R Language The built - in debugging tools ( programs : functions ) in R statistical computing environment are traceback ( ) , debu ( ) , browser ( ) , trace ( ) , and recover ( ) . The purpose of the debugging tools is to help the programmer find unforeseen ( غیر متوقع ، جس کی اُمید نہ ہو ) problems quickly and efficiently . The R system has two main ways of reporting a problem in executing … Continue reading Namespaces in R Language In R language , the packages can have namespaces , and currently , all of the base and recommended packages do except the dataset packages . Understanding the use of namespaces is vital if one ’ s plan to submit a package to CRAN because CRAN requires that the package plays nicely with other submitted packages on CRAN . Namespaces ensure that … Vectors in R Language In R Language , a vector is the simplest data structure . A vector in R is also an object that contains elements having the same data type . To create a vector ( say ‘ x ’ ) of the same type ( say double ) of elements consisting of five elements one can use c ( ) function . For example , Creating a vector in … Reading and Writing data in R Reading Data in R For reading , ( importing ) data into R following are some functions . read . table ( ) , and read . csv ( ) , for reading tabular data readLines ( ) for reading lines of a text file source ( ) for reading in R code files ( inverse of dump ) dget ( ) for reading in R code files ( inverse of dput ) load ( ) for reading in saved workspaces . … List in R Language In R language , a list is an object that consists of an ordered collection of objects known as its components . A list in R Language is a structured data that can have any number of any modes ( types ) or other structured data . That is , one can put any kind of object ( like vector , data frame , … | [
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http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/network-technologies/what-is-ip-sla/ | Network technologies and trends Telnet by default disabled in NX - OS devices Cisco Network Academy has enrolled its 1 millionth student Mar 27 2011 5 : 46AM GMT What is IP SLA ? Yasir Irfan Profile : Yasir Irfan When you are preparing for Cisco CCNP - Switch Exam , IP SLA is one of the key topics included at quite later stage even surprised David Hucaby the author of the title “ CCNP Switch Official Certification Guide ” Even he included the supplementary material for the “ CCNP Switch Official Certification Guide ” The Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreement better known as IPSLA is a feature which was introduced in the IOS version 11.2 under the name of Response Time Responder ( RTR ) . Later on Cisco sensed RTR is creating some sort of confusion as some of reference texts referred RTR as Real time responder ; hence they renamed RTR as Service Assurance Agent ( SAA ) . Even SAA did n ’ t stick for long time and now it ’ s known as IP SLA . IP SLA is truly excellent for built - in network testing . At its introduction in IOS 11.2 version under the name of RTR it had very limited offerings ICMP Ping ICMP Echo Path IBM SNANativeEcho The Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreement ( IP SLA ) feature can be used to gather realistic information about how specific types of traffic are being handled end - to - end across a network . To do this , an IP SLA device runs a preconfigured test and generates traffic that is destined for a far end device . As the far end responds with packets that are received back at the source , IP SLA gathers data about what happened along the way . IP SLA is capable of running following tests in Cisco Switches and routers Test Type Description IP SLA Required on Target ? icmp - echo ICMP Echo response time No path - echo Hop - by - hop and end - to - end response times over path discovered from ICMP Echo No path - jitter Hop - by - hop jitter over ICMP Echo path Yes dns DNS query response time dhcp DHCP IP address request response time ftp FTP file retrieval response time http Web page retrieval response time udp - echo End - to - end response time of UDP echo udp - jitter Round trip delay , one - way delay , one - way jitter , one - way packet loss , and connectivity using UDP packets Yes tcp - connect Response time to build a TCP connection with a host Comment on this Post Send me notifications when other members comment . Reply | [
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http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/First_Amendment | in : First Amendment U.S. Constitution Gambling Privacy First Amendment View source Share Contents show Overview The to the U.S. Constitution provides that : Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion , or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble , and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances . This language restricts government both more and less than it would if it were applied literally . It restricts government more in that it applies not only to Congress , but to all branches of the federal government , and to all branches of state and local government . It restricts government less in that it provides no protection to some types of speech and only limited protection to others . The First Amendment limits the federal government from making any law or regulation that would ban or indirectly tend to suppress — that is , “ chill ” — speech or expression . Historically , the First Amendment has been interpreted broadly to protect individuals from government attempts to suppress political , ideological , or scientific ideas or information , and to defend against government incursions on freedom of expression in art , literature , movies , and music As necessary conditions to democratic governance , the rights embodied in the First Amendment occupy a " preferred position " in the hierarchy of constitutional rights and powers . The provisions of the First Amendment have been interpreted to provide a bulwark against government intervention in the most basic elements of our democracy — the expression of thought , opinion , and belief . As necessary conditions to democratic governance , the rights embodied in the First Amendment occupy a " preferred position " in the hierarchy of constitutional rights . As Justice Rutledge , speaking for the majority of the Supreme Court , said in 1945 : This case confronts us again with the duty . . . to say where the individual ' s freedom ends and the State ' s power begins . Choice on that border , now as always delicate , is perhaps more so where the usual presumption supporting legislation is balanced by the preferred place given in our scheme to the great , the indispensable democratic freedoms secured by the First Amendment . . . That priority gives these liberties a sanctity and a sanction not permitting dubious intrusions , and it is the character of the right , not of The First Amendment applies to the states through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment First Amendment interests are not limited to authors and publishers ; readers have a right to receive information and judge its value for themselves . The First Amendment right to receive information is rooted in the fundamental public interest in the free and open exchange of ideas and The open dialogue protected by the First Amendment covers " every sort of publication which affords a vehicle of information and opinion , " including literature . Notwithstanding the absolute language of the First Amendment and its preferred position , the Supreme Court has never interpreted the freedoms of religion , speech press , or assembly to be without limits . These rights , which are collectively referred to as freedom of expression , can be limited in a variety of ways . Government can prohibit entirely speech that threatens national security , that is obscenity that incitements to imminent lawlessness , is a true threat , and fighting words . it can place reasonable restrictions on the time , place , and manner of , and can regulate that takes place in public ; it can force one to compensate victims of defamation and other forms of injurious to private interests ; and it can regulate that takes place over the airwaves . Moreover , when or the exercise of religion merges into action , government can regulate those forms of expression to protect the public health , safety , and welfare . Because freedom of expression is not absolute , it often involves a balancing of governmental interests against the rights of individuals where the two are in conflict . Balancing rights against power occurs in the context of contemporary values and institutions : economic , political , ethical , legal , and scientific or technological . The First Amendment generally does not apply to private activity . Thus , a private individual or private entity can not be said to unconstitutionally " abridge " another private individual ' s " freedom of speech and press . " Only the government , or its agents , can be charged with violating the First Amendment . The exception is when a private party ’ s actions are attributable to the government , either when : ( i ) the private party exercises a public function that is traditionally exclusively reserved to the State , or ( ii ) the government has exercised coercive power or provided such significant encouragement that the challenged action can fairly be attributed to the government . Rationales for protecting free expression " Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion , or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceable to assembly , and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances " - First Amendment of the U.S Constitution . Scholars have identified primary reasons for giving constitutional protection to free expression First , freedom of speech and press is a necessary corollary of self - governance . In a self - governing society , it is the citizens and not the government who ultimately must decide on issues of public policy . To exercise this responsibility effectively , citizens must have access to the entire spectrum of information , opinions , and ideas , without interference from the government . Second , in the words of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes : " The best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market . " The idea here is that in all areas of decision - making , reaching far beyond the political , and including such questions as whether to marry , or whether to have children , or whether to go to college — the best way of reaching the best decisions for both the individual and the community is to allow all ideas and opinions to contest Third , freedom of expression is guaranteed as a means of ensuring individual self - fulfillment . The notion here is that , as , human beings , we have a fundamental need to speak our minds , to express our emotions and desires , and to create and to learn from one another . The constitutional protection of free expression is an essential adjunct of ensuring our common humanity and the opportunity for individual development . Fourth , promoting tolerance . Although others may have a different idea or perspective on an issue , protecting speech allows us to look beyond our own , and realize that others have their own ideas as well . Allowing different ideas to penetrate throughout society , allows each of us to gain perspective that we would n ' t otherwise obtain which is crucial when deciding an overall , reasonable decision on any given issue . Similar to the court procedure , all perspectives involved have a right to present their position . The foundation for providing constitutional protection to the freedom of speech and press are not always consistent with one another and sometimes point in different directions . But , in very general terms , they state the primary values that the First Amendment is thought to serve . Building on these values , the U.S. Supreme Court has identified several very basic principles that have shaped its interpretation and application of the First Amendment , including : First , the has held that the government can not constitutionally restrict speech because the speech advocates ideas , opinions , or values that the government ( or perhaps more accurately the majority of citizens ) believe to be " wrong " or " improper . " Thus , for example , the government can not constitutionally prohibit speech calling for the legal repeal of the draft on the ground that such expression might persuade the public to vote unwisely to end the draft , even if the government profoundly believes that the draft is a good thing and that it is essential to our national welfare . The explanation here is simple : under the First Amendment , it is for the citizens themselves to make such decisions , after hearing all the arguments ; it is not for the government — or for the majority — to prevent such decisions by shutting off debate . Second , the Court has generally held that , except in the most extraordinary circumstances , the government can not restrict speech because the ideas expressed might cause readers or listeners to engage in unlawful or otherwise socially undesirable conduct . For example , the government can not prohibit opposition to the draft on the ground that such expression might cause others to refuse induction or even to blow up induction centers . Indeed , although the Court has often said that such speech can be restricted if it creates a " clear and present danger " of grave harm , in fact the has not upheld a governmental effort to restrict speech on this basis for over 50 years . Third , the has generally held that the second principle is inapplicable to specific categories of speech that the has defined as having only " low " First Amendment value . That is , as the Court explained some 60 years ago : There are certain well defined and narrowly limited classes of speech , [ such as the obscene and the libelous , that ] are no essential part of any exposition of ideas and are of such slight social value as a step to truth that any benefit that may be derived from them is clearly outweighed by the social interest in order and morality . For these categories of expression , which include not only the obscene and the libelous , but also fighting words , commercial advertising , express incitement , and threats , the has held that some forms of government regulation are permissible . What is protected under the First Amendment The has expressly stated that movies and music fall within the First Amendment . Several federal courts have debated whether electronic games should receive the same First Amendment protections as the other entertainment media but have not yet decided the issue conclusively . so By contrast , the First Amendment has been interpreted to provide more narrow protection for commercial expression such as advertising The also has placed outside the protections of the First Amendment certain limited classes of speech that are viewed as having little or no value at all because they do not promote democratic ideals : incitement , fighting words , obscenity Government regulation Where is restricted based on its content , the U.S. Supreme Court generally applies “ strict scrutiny , ” which means that it will uphold a content - based restriction only if it is necessary “ to promote a compelling interest , ” and is “ the least restrictive means to further the articulated interest . ” For example , protection of national security from an external threat is a compelling government interest . It has long been accepted that the government has a compelling need to suppress certain types of , particularly during time of war or heightened risk of hostilities . Speech likely to incite immediate violence , for example , may be suppressed . Speech that would give military advantage to a foreign enemy is also susceptible to government regulation . Where First Amendment rights are implicated , it is the government ’ s burden to show that its interest is sufficiently compelling to justify enforcement . Whether the government has a compelling need to punish disclosures of classified information turns on whether the disclosure has the potential of causing damage to the national defense or foreign relations of the United States . Actual damage need not be proved , but potential damage must be more than merely speculative incidental On the other hand , the has stated that “ state action to punish the publication of truthful information seldom can satisfy constitutional standards . ” And it has described the purpose behind the guarantee of press freedom as the protection of “ the free discussion of governmental affairs . ” Categories of unprotected speech Restrictions on the content of speech must be narrowly tailored to achieve a compelling government interest i.e. they must pass a strict scrutiny standard of review . Very few restrictions on the content of speech are permitted . Some areas and reasons for why the court has allowed restrictions on speech : If it creates a clear and present danger of imminent lawless action . If it constitutes " fighting words " as defined in Chaplinsky v . New Hampshire , as " words by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace . " While not overruled , Chaplinsky appears to be a special case in that since the decision in Chaplinsky has been established , the has never again upheld a fighting words conviction on the grounds that most reveal to be broad and vague . The speech , film , etc . is obscene ( including child pornography ) as defined in Miller v . California , if the speech ( 1 ) appeals to the prurient interest in sex ; ( 2 ) portrays sex in a patently offensive way ; and ( 3 ) does not have serious literary , artistic , political or scientific value . If one believes that a statute is regulating their expression and can prove elements laid out in # 3 , then the court will apply strict scrutiny The speech constitutes defamation , which may be the subject of civil penalty through tort action brought by the injured party . . The speech violates regulations against false or deceptive advertisements libel ) . The government can demonstrate a compelling interest in limitation of the First Amendment activity . In New York Times Co . v . Sullivan , the articulated a test to determine if and when he or she can recover from supposed . If the Plaintiff is a public official or running for office , the Plaintiff can ONLY recover by ( 1 ) proving his or her case with clear and convincing evidence ; 2 ) by providing clear and convincing evidence that the statement is false ; ( 3 ) and must articulate and prove actual malice , i.e. that the defendant knew that the statement was false or acted with reckless disregard of the truth . Commercial vs . non - commercial speech In analyzing governmental restrictions on speech , the traditionally has divided speech into two categories — commercial speech and “ fully protected , ” non - commercial speech Although the has struggled to define the differences between these two categories , there are some clear general rules . Non - commercial speech is generally viewed as political , ideological , artistic , or scientific expression . Commercial speech has been defined broadly as speech “ related solely to the economic interests of the speaker and its audience , ” and described more narrowly as speech that does “ no more than propose a commercial transaction . ” Whether speech is categorized as commercial or non - commercial is critical because the degree of First Amendment protection varies depending on the category of . Traditionally , the has applied a “ ” standard to non - commercial speech , while analyzing commercial speech under an “ intermediate scrutiny ” test . In practice , to restrict , the government must prove that the restriction promotes a compelling government interest and is narrowly tailored to promote that interest . If a less restrictive alternative would serve the government ’ s purpose , the government must use that alternative . By contrast , to restrict that concerns lawful activity and is not misleading , the government must prove that its interest is substantial , that the regulation directly advances the governmental interest asserted , and that it is not more extensive than is necessary to serve that interest . Advertising of entertainment / media products The categorization of advertising for entertainment and media products as commercial is unsettled . Although some observers argue that advertisements for movies sound recordings , and electronic games should be viewed as because they are merely advertising products that have been placed in the stream of commerce for profit , industry members and some First Amendment advocates assert that such should be analyzed as protected , because : ( i ) they promote a product that itself is entitled to protection ; and ( ii ) they often incorporate or summarize parts of the underlying non - commercial expression , and therefore are , in substance , nothing more than a particular subset of the content of the non - commercial expression has never specifically ruled on this issue , and the existing federal and state court opinions are not uniform . At least one state court has held that an advertisement for a movie “ goes beyond proposal of a commercial transaction and encompasses the expressed in the motion picture which it promotes ; thus it is afforded the same First Amendment protections as the motion picture . . . . ” State courts in New York and California have reached opposite conclusions regarding whether promotional statements on a book cover and flyleaf constitute Gambling Gambling implicates First Amendment free speech concerns on two levels . Gambling is communicative by nature . Gambling also relies on advertising and a wide range of auxiliary communication services . Historically , gambling itself has been considered a vice and consequently beyond the protection of the First Amendment . There is every reason to believe that illegal gambling remains beyond the shield of the First Amendment . Gone , however , is the notion that the power to outlaw a vice includes the power to outlaw auxiliary speech when the underlying vice remains unregulated . The made this readily apparent when it approved an advertising ban on gambling illegal at the point of broadcast , but invalidated an ban on gambling lawful at the point of broadcast . Although the Court ’ s decisions acknowledges the ambivalence of American gambling policies , they do not appear to threaten the basic premise that the First Amendment permits Congress to outlaw gambling in any form ( including Internet gambling ) and to ban any speech incidental to illegal gambling . Freedom of the electronic press As it first did with the printing press and again with radio and television , new technology will give rise to new ways of communicating , which amplify the ways in which individuals and organizations express themselves . Information communications technologies , such as satellites , computers , and the Internet , are , like the telegraph , telephone , radio , and television before them , changing the range , cost , and quality of communications . Taken together , advances in computers telecommunications have changed the concept of “ the press . ” Traditionally , the term usually refers to a formal organization that gathers and publishes or broadcasts news . Such communications generally take the form of one - to - many exchange . Today , that exchange has shifted to many - to - many communications in which people with common interests share amongst themselves , as with electronic bulletin boards With these changes come the prospect of new First Amendment challenges to the power of government to regulate access to and ownership of communications media . New technologies , such as electronic publishing , may not fit easily into old models of regulation , and distinctions between the First Amendment rights of print publishers , television or radio broadcasters , common carriers and the Internet will become increasingly difficult to justify . New capabilities for the to gather , store , and retrieve on individuals may require that rules of liability for constitutionally protected speech be reexamined . The potential for technology to decentralize the editorial function may raise questions of editoial control and liability under the First Amendment . And , in an era of global communications , the question of whether First Amendment rights extend to foreign speakers in this country , or to speakers in foreign countries when they are heard or read here , will also be raised . Newsgathering In order to publish news and , the press must have an ability to gather it in the first place . The has yet to decide , however , whether newsgathering is itself a protected First Amendment activity , separate from speaking and publishing . said in Branzburg v . Hayes that “ it is not suggested that news gathering does not qualify for First Amendment Protection ; without some protection for seeking out the news , freedom of the press could be eviscerated . . . . ” However , the has declined to say that government has a positive duty to allow journalists special access to . The press has access to government proceedings , records , or other that is available to members of the public generally . Presumably , the converse is also true ; access denied to the general public may also be denied to the press , but the government may not close down avenues for gathering and acquiring news that are generally available to the public , without a compelling reason . Although the press may not , as a matter , have any greater rights to gather than the general public , they may , as a practical matter , have a greater and more concerted ability to gather than most individuals . Technology has greatly amplify the - gathering resources of the press . As a result , familiar issues — pitting freedom of the press against privacy rights and interests — are being encountered in unfamiliar contexts . Technology is blurring the distinctions between gathering and publishing it , and the will eventually have to confront the question of whether the press interests in gathering news merit protection under the First Amendment . Impact of science and technology Science and technology may affect the balance between First Amendment rights and government interest by changing power relationships between individuals and between the individual and the State . As it first did with the printing press , technology will give rise to new ways of communicating , which amplify the ways in which individuals and organizations express themselves . Information communications technologies , such as satellites , and the are , like the telegraph , telephone , radio , and television technologies before them , changing the ways in which we communicate ideas , theories , opinions , and incitements to action — they affect who can say what , to whom , to how many , and at what cost . Taken together , advances in telecommunications may change the concept of “ the press ” from one in which one organization publishes for many to one in which many share amongst themselves . With these changes will come new First Amendment challenges to the power of the government to regulate access to and ownership of communications media . New technologies , such as electronic publishing , may not fit easily into old models of regulation , and First Amendment distinctions between the rights of print publishers broadcasters common carriers will become increasingly difficult to justify . The open communication of scientific information — data , hypotheses , conclusions , explanatory theories , technological know - how — is a special kind of publication . There no consensus on the question as to whether scientific communication enjoys the full protection provided by the First Amendment to political communications . It is well established that scientific communication can be limited when necessary to protect . But how severe can and should that limitation be ? As science and technology become ever more important to our economy and our military strength , the delicate balance between individual rights and the national interest becomes both more important and more difficult to maintain . Do the limits imposed by classification , congressionally legislated restrictions , and export controls , collectively negate the right of free speech and free press in the field of science ? In fields such as mathematics , biology , or physics , basic research results in certain areas can have direct and immediate implications for technological development . In those case where the line between basic knowledge ( science ) and its implementation ( technology ) becomes thin and difficult to discern , a balance between the right of expression and interest of the state in preserving security is very difficult to achieve . There are likely to be many situations in the future in which the government will assert compelling reasons for limiting basic scientific communications . Privacy First Amendment principles also bear on privacy , both in the sense of protecting it , but more often in terms of overriding privacy protection in the interests of protecting Electronic surveillance Two First Amendment concerns arise with regard to electronic surveillance — access to records , and related investigatory activities . One addresses direct restrictions on that may accompany government collection of private information , such as non - disclosure requirements accompanying orders compelling government access to business records . A second concern is that overly broad authorities permitting government intrusion may lead to a “ chilling ” ( i.e. , stifling ) effect on public discourse . Some federal laws address the latter issue directly , for example by prohibiting investigations based solely on a person ’ s First Amendment activities . Despite safeguards , there is concern that government authorities may circumvented First Amendment limitations . Collecting and sharing of information concerning individual ' s exercise of First Amendment rights can give rise to First Amendment claims as well . If , for example , information is collected by a federal agency identifying persons who participate in an antiwar protest group that appears to pose no threat to , the mere act of sharing that information with other government agencies , absent a legitimate law enforcement or purpose , may violate the First Amendment rights of those protestors . As another example , an agency collects a membership list of a religious or political organization that poses no or criminal threat . If the agency shares that , the affected organization could reasonably claim that its First Amendment rights had been violated where the public disclosure of the results in public derision or leads to regulatory restrictions that result in a significant drop in membership . Places available for speech The speech that we are all guaranteed via the First Amendment , obviously requires a place for it to occur . The has recognized this issue and has identified different types of government property : public forums , designated public forums , and non - public forums , and has established different rules for when the government is permitted to regulate any of them . In Perry Education Association v . Perry Local Educators Association , the set up the stage for precisely what places are open for people to " assemble " which is expressly protected by the First Amendment . In quintessential public forums , the government may not prohibit all communicative activity . For the state to enforce content - based exclusion , it must show that its regulation is necessary to serve a compelling state interest and that it is narrowly drawn to achieve that end . A second category that the recognizes consists of public property which the state has opened for use by the public as a place for expressive activity , and can be categorized as " designated public forums " and the third area is public property which is not by tradition or designation a forum for public communication , in which case , the First Amendment does not guarantee access to this type of property simply because it is owned or controlled by the government . The state may implement time , place and manner restrictions and may reserve the forum for its intended purposes , communicative or otherwise . In order to regulate public forums , such as sidewalks and parks , the regulation must be ( 1 ) content - neutral , unless the government can justify a Content - based restrictions by meeting a standard ; ( 2 ) it must be a reasonable time , place and manner restriction that serves an important government interest and leaves open adequate alternative places for speech . For example , the reasonable time , place and manner restrictions may be justified if they are NOT intended to infringe upon the content of the speech and it must leave open alternative channels for communication of the information ; ( 3 ) a licensing or permit system for the use of public forums must serve an important purpose , give clear criteria to the licensing authority that leaves them almost no discretion . For example , the guidelines that must be met in a licensing requirement can not be decided on the spot by the authority because they perhaps do not like the speech that is occurring . Finally , asserted that the government regulation of speech on public forums does not need to use the least restrictive alternative as long as it is narrowly tailored to achieve the government ' s purpose i.e. must not restrict a specific message or otherwise protected areas of speech . References ↑ The First Amendment is equally applicable to the states under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment . Pennekamp v . Florida , 328 U.S. 331 , 349 ( 1946 ) ; Grosjean v . American Press Co . , 297 U.S. 233 , 244 - 45 , 249 ( 1936 ) . ↑ See , e.g. , Roth v . United States , 354 U.S. 476 , 483 ( 1957 ) ( obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment ) ; Beauharnais v . Illinois , 343 U.S. 250 , 266 ( 1952 ) ( libelous statements are outside the realm of constitutionally protected speech ) ; Chaplinsky v . New Hampshire , 315 U.S. 568 , 573 ( 1942 ) ( " fighting words " are outside the scope of First Amendment protections ) . As Judge Harry T . Edwards of the D.C. Circuit has explained : The age when courts and commentators could debate whether the First Amendment constituted an “ absolute ” barrier to government regulation of speech is long gone . In its place stands a complex set of rules that directs a reviewing court to consider such diverse factors as the form and effect of the regulation , the purposes of the regulators , the value of the speech regulated , and the type of media involved . Harry T . Edwards & Mitchell N . Berman , " Regulating Violence on Television , " 89 Nw . U . L . Rev . 1487 , 1490 - 91 ( 1995 ) ( citation omitted ) . Thomas v . Collins , 323 U.S. 516 , 529 - 30 ( 1945 ) . Gitlow v . People of the State of N.Y. , 268 U.S. 652 , 666 ( 1925 ) . See Martin v . City of Struthers , Ohio , 319 U.S. 141 ( 1943 ) ; Red Lion Broad . v . FCC , 395 U.S. 367 ( 1969 ) ; Kleindienst v . Mandel , 408 U.S. 753 ( 1972 ) ; Virginia State Bd . of Pharmacy v . Virginia Citizens Consumer Council , Inc . , 425 U.S. 748 ( 1976 ) . See , e.g. , Associated Press v . United States , 326 U.S. 1 , 20 ( 1945 ) ( The First Amendment " rests on the assumption that the widest possible dissemination of information from diverse and antagonistic sources is essential to the welfare of the public . " ) . Lovell v . City of Griffin , Ga . , 303 U.S. 444 , 452 ( 1938 ) . Miller v . California , 413 U.S. 15 ( 1973 ) . Brandenburg v . Ohio , 395 U.S. 444 ( 1969 ) . Virginia v . Black , 538 U.S. 343 ( 2003 ) . Chaplinsky v . New Hampshire , 315 U.S. 568 ( 1942 ) . This is known in constitutional law as the “ public function ” prong of the “ state action ” doctrine . See Jackson v . Metropolitan Edison Co . , 419 U.S. 345 ( 1980 ) . This is known in constitutional law as the “ nexus ” prong of the “ state action ” doctrine . Rendell - Baker v . Kohn , 457 U.S. 830 ( 1982 ) ; Lugar v . Edmonson Oil Co . , 457 U.S. 922 ( 1982 ) ; Blum v . Yaretsky , 457 U.S. 991 ( 1982 ) ; cf . Catherine J . Ross , Anything Goes : Examining the State ’ s Interest in Protecting Children from Controversial Speech , 53 Vand . L . Rev . 427 , 491 – 93 ( 2000 ) ( noting that parental concern over objectionable media products has led some national retail stores to refuse to stock such products or to require an edited version ) . Chaplinsky v . New Hampshire , 315 U.S. 568 ( 1942 ) . Schad v . Borough of Mt . Ephraim , 452 U.S. 61 , 65 ( 1981 ) ( declaring , in a case striking down a municipal ordinance prohibiting nude dancing , that “ [ e ] ntertainment , as well as political and ideological speech , is protected ; motion pictures , programs broadcast by radio and television , and live entertainment , such as musical and dramatic works fall within the First Amendment guarantee . ” ) . Compare Rothner v . City of Chicago , 929 F . 2d 297 ( 7th Cir . 1991 ) ( indicating that First Amendment protection of may depend on creative content ) , with Malden Amusement Co . v . City of Malden , 582 F . Supp . 297 ( D . Mass . 1983 ) ( holding that videogames are not entitled to First Amendment protection because they do not contain expressive or informational content ) , and America ’ s Best Family Showplace Corp . v . City of New York , 536 F . Supp . 170 ( E.D.N.Y. 1982 ) ( same ) . In deciding an appeal of a motion to dismiss , the Seventh Circuit in Rothner developed an approach that considers the extent to which the electronic game at issue contains artistic content : On the basis of the complaint alone , we can not tell whether the video games at issue here are simply modern day pinball machines or whether they are more sophisticated presentations involving storyline and plot that convey to the user a significant artistic message protected by the first amendment . Nor is it clear whether these games may be considered works of art . To hold on this record that all video games — no matter what their content — are completely devoid of artistic value would require us to make an assumption entirely unsupported by the record and perhaps totally at odds with reality . As the has confessed its inability to comprehend fully the technology of the cablevision industry on the basis of a complaint , so we must confess an inability to comprehend fully the video game of the 1990s . Rothner , 929 F . 2d at 303 . Given the substantial innovations in the current generation of , including their use of movie clips , music , animation , and the development of plot and character , however , some commentators predict that many courts will eventually accord the same protection to electronic games as to other types of entertainment media . David B . Goroff , The First Amendment Side Effects of Curing Pac - Man Fever , 84 Colum . L . Rev . 744 , 752 – 53 , 764 ( 1984 ) ; Matthew Hamilton , Graphic Violence in Computer and Video Games : Is Legislation the Answer ? , 100 Dick . L . Rev . 181 , 190 ( 1995 ) . Ohralik v . Ohio State Bar Ass ’ n , 436 U.S. 447 , 456 ( 1978 ) ( Constitution affords “ a limited measure of protection , commensurate with its subordinate position in the scale of First Amendment values . . . . ” ) . Brandenburg v . Ohio , 395 U.S. 444 ( 1969 ) . The Brandenburg Court ’ s “ incitement ” decision requires proof of incitement to imminent and immediate lawless action . Id . at 447 . In a law review article discussing proposals to regulate violence on television , Judge Harry Edwards of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit explained that the incitement element would be difficult for the government to prove : It is apparent that the incitement element of the Brandenburg test , alone , fails to capture government regulation of television violence . Simply put , the violent fare on television does not explicitly urge viewers to commit the evils with which the legislature may be concerned . Nor can such intent reasonably be attributed to television executives and producers . Largely for this reason , courts and commentators have concluded with near unanimity that televised portrayals of violence are not “ directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action . Harry T . Edwards & Mitchell N . Berman , Regulating Violence on Television , 89 Nw . U . L . Rev . 1487 , 1526 ( 1995 ) ; cf . James v . Meow Media , Inc . , 90 F . Supp . 2d 798 ( W.D. Ky . 2000 ) ( granting defendant ’ s motion to dismiss tort claims because plaintiff failed to prove that defendant ’ s actions , creation and distribution of a movie , games , and materials , caused death of plaintiff ’ s daughter ) . Judge Edwards suggested , however , that if television producers aired material intended to incite or produce violent behavior , the “ mere fact of its being telecast would not immunize the programming from regulation under Brandenburg . Edwards & Berman , at 1526 n . 186 . Chaplinsky v . New Hampshire , 315 U.S. 568 ( 1942 ) . ’ s “ fighting words ” doctrine has been used only rarely , and has been limited to personally directed insults or taunts that tend to provoke immediate violent reaction . Gooding v . Wilson , 405 U.S. 518 , 524 ( 1972 ) ( limiting “ fighting words ” doctrine ) ; Cohen v . California , 403 U.S. 15 , 20 ( 1971 ) ( same ) ; Dawn Christine Egan , " ' Fighting Words ' Doctrine : Are Police Officers Held to a Higher Standard , or per Bailey v . State , Do We Expect No More from our Law Enforcement Officers than We Do from the Average Arkansan ? , " 52 Ark . L . Rev . 591 , 591 – 92 ( 1998 ) . Because movies , music recordings , and are not explicitly directed at an individual person , most observers agree that the doctrine is not relevant to the current public debate over violent entertainment media . E . Barret Prettyman , Jr . & Lisa A . Hook , The Control Of Media - Related Imitative Violence , 38 Fed . Comm . L.J. 317 , 372 n . 228 ( 1987 ) ; but see Sanjiv N . Singh , Cyberspace : A New Frontier for Fighting Words , 25 Rutgers Computer & Tech . L.J. 283 ( 1999 ) ( arguing that the “ fighting words ” doctrine could find a new life in cyberspace ) . Miller v . California , 413 U.S. 15 ( 1973 ) . Sable Commns . of Cal . v . Federal Commns . Comm ' n , 492 U.S. 115 , 126 ( 1989 ) . Haig v . Agee , 453 U.S. 280 ( 1981 ) ( “ It is ‘ obvious and unarguable ’ that no governmental interest is more compelling than the security of the Nation . ” ) ( citing Aptheker v . Secretary of State , 378 U.S. 500 , 509 ; accord Cole v . Young , 351 U.S. 536 , 546 ( 1956 ) ) . Schenck v . United States , 249 U.S. 47 ( 1919 ) ( formulating “ clear and present danger ” test ) . Brandenburg v . Ohio , 395 U.S. 444 ( 1969 ) . Near v . Minnesota , 283 U.S. 697 , 716 ( 1931 ) ( “ No one would question but that a government might prevent actual obstruction to its recruiting service or the publication of the sailing dates of transports or the number and location of troops . ” ) . “ National Security ” is defined as national defense and foreign relations . Exec . Order No . 13526 , 75 Fed . Reg . 707 § 6.1 ( cc ) ( Jan . 5 , 2010 ) . New York Times Co . v . United States , 403 U.S. 713 , 725 ( 1971 ) ( Brennan , J . , concurring ) ( rejecting as insufficient government ’ s assertions that publication of Pentagon Papers “ could , ” “ might , ” or “ may ” prejudice the national interest ) ; Elrod v . Burns , 427 U.S. 347 , 362 ( 1976 ) ( “ The interest advanced must be paramount , one of vital importance , and the burden is on the government to show the existence of such an interest . citing Buckley v . Valeo , 424 U.S. 1 , 94 ( 1976 ) ; Williams v . Rhodes , 393 U.S. 23 , 31 - 33 ( 1968 ) ; NAACP v . Button , 371 U.S. 38 , 45 ( 1963 ) ; Bates v . Little Rock , 361 U.S. 516 , 524 ( 1960 ) ; NAACP v . Alabama , 357 U.S. 449 , 464 - 66 ( 1958 ) ; Thomas v . Collins , 323 U.S. 516 , 530 ( 1945 ) ) . Bartnicki v . Vopper , 532 U.S. 514 , 527 ( 2001 ) ( Smith v . Daily Mail Publishing Co . , 443 U.S. 97 ( 1979 ) ) . Mills v . Alabama , 384 U.S. 214 , 218 ( 1966 ) . Because of the First Amendment purpose to protect the public ’ s ability to discuss governmental affairs along with court decisions denying that it provides any special rights to journalists , e.g. , Branzburg v . Hayes , 408 U.S. 665 ( 1972 ) , it is not likely a plausible argument to posit that it does not apply to the foreign press . United States v . 18 Packages of Magazines , 238 F . Supp . 846 , 847 - 48 ( C.D. Cal . 1964 ) ( “ Even if it be conceded , arguendo , that the ‘ foreign press ’ is not a direct beneficiary of the Amendment , the concession gains nought for the Government in this case . The First Amendment does protect the public of this country . . . . The First Amendment surely was designed to protect the rights of readers and distributors of publications no less than those of writers or printers . freedom of the press is not so much the right to print as it is the right to read . The rights of readers are not to be curtailed because of the geographical origin of printed materials . ” ) . The Supreme Court has not established clear boundaries between the protection of speech and that of the press , nor has it sought to develop criteria for identifying what constitutes “ the press ” that might qualify its members for privileges not available to anyone else . Dennis v United States , 341 U.S. 494 ( 1951 ) . 315 U.S. 568 ( 1942 ) . 413 U.S. 15 ( 1973 ) . 376 U.S. 254 ( 1964 ) . See generally P . Cameron DeVore , Advertising and Commercial Speech , 582 Practising L . Inst . 715 ( Nov . 1999 ) . Central Hudson Gas & Elec . Corp . v . Public Service Comm ’ n of New York , 447 U.S. 557 , 561 ( 1980 ) . Virginia State Bd . of Pharmacy v . Virginia Citizens Consumer Council , Inc . , 425 U.S. 748 , 762 ( 1976 ) ( quoting Pittsburgh Press Co . v . Human Relations Comm ’ n , 413 U.S. 376 , 385 ( 1973 ) ) . Reno v . ACLU , 521 U.S. 844 ( 1997 ) ; Central Hudson , 447 U.S. 557 . See United States v . Playboy Entertainment Group , 529 U.S. 803 ( 2000 ) . Id . The exact degree of protection accorded to is in flux . Although the Supreme Court has adhered to the “ intermediate scrutiny ” standard , several Justices have suggested that the distinction between the two types of speech should be narrowed , and that “ truthful , noncoercive ” about lawful activities should receive the same degree of constitutional protection , i.e. , , as 44 Liquormart , Inc . v . Rhode Island , 517 U.S. 484 ( 1996 ) . In 44 Liquormart , at least four Justices suggested that truthful , non - misleading should receive the same First Amendment protection as at 500 , 504 ( Stevens , Kennedy , Souter , & Ginsburg , JJ . , plurality opinion ) , while Justice Thomas advocated for the elimination of the distinction between at 522 ( Thomas , J . , concurring in part , and concurring in the judgment ) . Cf . Robert Adler , Here ’ s Smoking at You Kid : Has Tobacco Product Placement in the Movies Really Stopped ? , 60 Mont . L . Rev . 243 , 275 ( 1999 ) . Those who argue in favor of full constitutional protection for and marketing activities for entertainment media products rely on the ’ s dicta in a case involving for contraceptives , which suggested that “ may be appropriate in a case where [ a company ] advertises an activity itself protected by the First Amendment . ” Bolger v . Youngs Drug Product , 463 U.S. 60 , 67 n . 14 ( 1983 ) . Lewis v . Columbia Pictures Indus . , 1994 WL 758666 ( Cal . Ct . App . Nov . 8 , 1994 ) ; see also Lane v . Random House , Inc . , 985 F . Supp . 141 , 152 ( D.D.C. 1995 ) . Compare Lacoff v . Buena Vista Publishing , 183 Misc . 2d 600 , 705 N . Y . S . 2d 183 ( N.Y. Sup . Ct . Jan . 28 , 2000 ) ( book cover and flyleaf for Beardstown Ladies ’ Common - Sense Investment Guide is not “ advertising material ” evaluated under doctrine , but non - commercial speech fully protected by First Amendment ) , with Keimer v . Buena Vista Books , Inc . , 75 Cal . App . 4th 1220 , 89 Cal . Rptr . 2d 781 ( 1999 ) ( book cover and flyleaf containing allegedly false statements about investment returns constituted entitled only to “ qualified ” free speech protection ) . Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Ass ’ n v . United States , 527 U . S . 173 , 182 ( 1999 ) ( noting that 44 Liquormart , Inc . v . Rhode Island , 517 U.S. 484 ( 1996 ) , “ rejected the argument that the power to restrict speech about certain socially harmful activities was as broad as the power to prohibit such conduct . ” ) United States v . Edge Broadcasting Co . 509 U.S. 418 ( 1993 ) . Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Ass ’ n , Inc . v . United States , 527 U.S. 173 ( 1999 ) . Greater New Orleans adopted the " Central Hudson " test : “ At the outset , we must determine whether the expression is protected by the First Amendment . For to come within that provision , it at least must concern lawful activity and not be misleading . Next , we ask whether the asserted governmental interest is substantial . If both inquiries yield positive answers , we must determine whether the regulation directly advances the governmental interest asserted , and whether it is not more extensive than is necessary to serve that interest . ” at 183 . “ The operation of [ 18 U.S.C. § ] 1304 and its attendant regulatory regime is so pierced by exemptions and inconsistencies that the Government can not hope to exonerate it . ” Greater New Orleans Broadcasting , 527 U.S. at 190 . 408 U.S. 665 ( 1972 ) . ’ ’ Id . ’ ’ at 681 . Pen v . Procunier , 417 U.S. 817 ( 1974 ) ; Saxbe v . Washington Post Co . , 417 U.S. 843 ( 1974 ) ; ‘ ’ cf . ’ ’ Houchins v . KQED , 438 U.S. 1 ( 1978 ) . ‘ ’ See also ’ ’ Rita Ann Reimer , Legal and Constitutional Issues Involved in Mediasat Activities 6 - 8 ( Congressional Research Service 1987 ) ( Report No . 86 - 823A ) . Flynt v . Weinberger , 588 F . Supp . 57 , 61 ( D.D.C. 1984 ) , ‘ ’ aff ’ d ( on the basis of mootness ) , ’ ’ 762 F . 2d 134 ( D.C. Cir . 1985 ) . Frisby v . Schultz , 487 U.S. 474 ( 1988 ) ( using privacy rationale in approving governmentally - imposed limits on picketing of home ) . Florida Star v . B . J . F . , 491 U.S. 524 ( 1989 ) ( newspaper could not be liable for violating state privacy statute when it published the name of a rape victim that it had lawfully obtained through public sources ) . United States v . U.S. District Court , 407 U.S. 297 , 314 ( 1972 ) ( “ The price of lawful public dissent must not be a dread of subjection to an unchecked surveillance power . Nor must the fear of unauthorized official eavesdropping deter vigorous citizen dissent and discussion of Government action in private conversation . For private dissent , no less than open public discourse , is essential to our free society . ” ) . 50 U.S.C. § 1842 ( c ) . Office of the Inspector General Department of Justice , A Review of the FBI ' s Use of Section 215 Orders for Business Records in 2006 , at 5 ( Mar . 2008 ) . [ 1 ] ( expressing concern that the FBI had issued a national security letter after the FISA court had twice declined to grant an order for the same material due to First Amendment objections ) . 460 U.S. 37 ( 1983 ) . Source Science , Technology , and the Constitution , at 10 - 12 . Science , Technology , and the First Amendment See also Anonymous speech Children ' s first amendment rights Fair use First amendment and libraries First amendment in public schools First Amendment and the Internet Categories Gambling Privacy | [
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http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/Networthiness_certification | in : Definition Military Technology Networthiness certification Edit Share Definition Edit U.S. military Networthiness certification is [ t ] he Army ' s networthiness certification process [ that ] incorporates and demonstrates the completeness of guidance formats , and practices such as the Army knowledge enterprise ; the Command , Control , Communications , Computers and Intelligence Support Plan C4ISP ) ; the DIACAP ; and existing developmental and operational test requirements . References ↑ AR 25 - 2 , at 85 . Categories Definition Military Technology Add category Recent Wiki Activity Admissible partners categorize all kinds of another preferences A FANDOM user • 5 hours ago UTM Mdscott • 16 hours ago The National Challenge in Computer Science and Technology Mdscott • 16 hours ago Information Technology ( Amendment ) Act 2008 • 2 days ago Help us grow The IT Law Wiki Get Started Popular pages Publicly available information Non - commercial speech RFID tag Sexually explicit Intramodal competition | [
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http://itotd.com/articles/521/water-freezing-and-boiling-myths | Water Freezing and Boiling Myths Image credit : Scott Akerman CC BY 2.0 ] , via Flickr Chemistry was one of my favorite classes in high school . I remember on one occasion , our teacher gave us all a very strange and difficult assignment . It was a list of “ real - world ” questions to which chemistry could presumably provide the answers , and we were given several days to figure them out , with complete freedom to consult libraries or any other available sources to get the information . One of these questions had to do with the freezing point of water . I no longer remember the exact wording , but the justify the answer based on our knowledge of chemistry . Well , despite a great deal of research — and bear in mind , this was back when research meant looking at books rather than searching the web — I came up empty - handed . I left that one blank , and to make matters worse , I happened to miss class on the day the assignment was discussed , so I never found out the solution to this mystery . Years later , I was to discover that there are a number of urban myths about the boiling point and freezing point of water , with “ hot water freezes faster ” being just one of them . I scoured a bunch of websites , and came up with contradictory information . But this is not , after all , rocket science — there ’ s no reason I should have to live with uncertainty about something so easily demonstrated . So I decided to conduct my own experiments and find out for myself . Although I did n ’ claims about water I found . “ Hot water freezes faster than cold water . ” Most experts say that , all things being equal , cold water freezes faster . However , things are not always equal . A curious phenomenon known as the Mpemba effect can , under some very specific ( and poorly understood ) circumstances , result in hotter water freezing faster than colder water . One of the numerous possible explanations for this effect involves evaporation : if you start with extremely hot water , a good bit of it will evaporate , and a smaller quantity of water will freeze faster than a larger quantity . ( Evaporation is also endothermic , reducing the water ’ s temperature further and faster . ) And so , according to chemists , this one is not a myth , but it works only if you get the initial conditions exactly correct . This “ Previously boiled water freezes faster than regular water . ” Notwithstanding the previous explanation , water at room temperature that was once boiled , according to some experts , should freeze faster because the dissolved oxygen has been removed . “ Previously boiled water boils faster than regular water . ” Likewise , previously boiled water at room temperature should boil faster than water that has never been boiled , for the same reason it freezes faster ( less dissolved oxygen ) . “ Cold water boils faster than hot water . ” If hot water freezes faster , maybe cold water boils faster ! Again , this defies common sense — and again , say scientists , it ’ s simply wrong . Hot water from the tap should in fact boil much faster than cold water . However , using hot water for boiling does not actually save any energy . You may use less gas ( or electricity ) on the stovetop , but your water heater will have used the same amount of energy to heat the water in the first place . ( If you use solar energy “ Adding salt to water raises its boiling point . ” Chemically speaking , this is a verifiable fact . Salt does raise water ’ s boiling point ( and lower its freezing point — which is why home ice cream makers use rock salt ) . But the real question is whether this makes it take longer to get to the boiling point ( and , for that matter , how far above 212 ° F / 100 ° C it will get ) . Despite what you read in cookbooks , scientists claim that the amount of salt you ’ d typically add to a pot of boiling water is too small to make any meaningful difference in the boiling time or boiling point . So , given what I knew should happen , here ’ s what actually occurred in my experiments . Freezing Water : I started with three identical glass containers , each holding 100ml ( about 3.5 fl . oz . ) of filtered water : one at room temperature ( 72 ° F / 22 ° C ) , one at the same temperature as my hot water tap ( 115 ° F / 46 ° C ) , and one boiling ( 212 ° F / 100 ° C ) . I put all these into my freezer , which had an air temperature of 0 ° F ( – 18 ° C ) . I knew that the water would mostly but not entirely frozen . I checked each of the containers every five minutes . The results ? The room - temperature water froze in 50 minutes . The hot water froze in 80 minutes . And the boiling water froze in 95 minutes . My verdict : no contest — not even remotely close . Given the conditions in my freezer and the water I used , I was unable to reproduce the Mpemba effect . I also tried a container of previously boiled water , now at room temperature . It froze in 60 minutes — more time ( not less ) than the unboiled water had taken , but not by much . Boiling Water ( Hot vs . Cold ) : I put a liter ( about 34 fl . oz . ) of water at room temperature in a pan at room temperature and set it on a high flame . It boiled in 6 minutes . I then cooled the pan back to room temperature and put in a liter of hot ( 115 ° F / 46 ° C ) tap water . With the flame unchanged , the hot water boiled in 4 minutes , 30 seconds . My verdict : hot water does boil significantly faster , just as you ’ d expect . Boiling Previously Boiled Water : I put a liter of water that had previously been boiled , now cooled to room temperature , into a pan at room temperature . With the flame unchanged from the last experiment , this water boiled in 6 minutes , 11 seconds . My verdict : essentially the same as water that had n ’ t been boiled . Boiling Water ( with salt ) : I added a generous 2 tablespoons of table salt — much more than most people would ever use for boiling pasta or vegetables — to a mere 1 liter of water . It boiled in 6 minutes , 33 seconds ( versus 6 minutes for unsalted , room - temperature water ) and reached a temperature , according to my thermometer , of 216 ° F ( 102 ° C ) . So clearly the salt had an effect , but not much of one — and this was with an uncommonly high concentration . My verdict : Add salt significant change in the water ’ s boiling time or temperature . Now , I freely admit that my kitchen is no laboratory , and that any number of variables could have influenced the outcome . My measurements may have been imprecise . My freezer may have had uneven zones of warmer or colder air . My glassware may have been contaminated . And so on . But whatever may occur under ideal conditions in a laboratory , when it comes to freezing or boiling water in an ordinary kitchen , common sense prevails . Note : This is an updated version of an article that originally appeared on Interesting Thing of the Day on April 16 , 2005 . Previous article OK Day Next article National Cocktail Day | [
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"Boiling Myths",
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http://itpro.outsidesys.com/2015/05/20/custom-status-in-the-microsoft-lync-client/ | Custom Status in the Microsoft Lync Client May 20 , 2015 | Lync Client Microsoft The following will show you how to configure your Microsoft Lync client with up to 4 custom states . At the time of this writing , this configuration has worked with both the Lync 2013 client and the Skype for Business client on Windows 7 SP1 , and Windows 8.1 . [ Update ] This also works in Skype for Business 2016 on Windows 10 . To support Office 2016 installations , the below key path needs to change from 15.0 to 16.0 . The XML File Create an XML file in your Documents folder called “ Lync - Custom - States . xml ” . Paste the following content , and edit it as needed . Keep in mind that there is a limit of 4 IDs . Creating more than 4 will not work . < ? xml version = " 1.0 " ? > < customStates xmlns = " http : / / schemas . microsoft . com / 09 / 2009 / communicator / customStates " > < customState availability = " Busy " ID = " 1 " > < activity LCID = " 1033 " > Super Busy < / activity > < / customState > < customState availability = " Busy " ID = " 2 " > < activity LCID = " 1033 " > Not Available < / activity > < / customState > < customState availability = The Registry Changes Open Regedit and create the following Key path : HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Policies \ Microsoft \ Office \ 15.0 \ Lync Inside the “ Lync ” key , create the following : New : DWORD ( 32 - bit ) Value Name : EnableSIPHighSecurityMode Data : 0 - and - New : String Value Name : CustomStateURL Data : file : / / / < PathToXMLfile > Example : Restart the Lync Client After restarting the Lync client , you ’ ll see the new options for your status . ← SCCM 2012 R2 , Office Product IDs , & Global Conditions Server 2012 R2 DirectAccess Network Topologies → | [
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http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002961.html | Language Log The Origin of Redskin The controversy over the Washington Redskins trademark has attracted considerable attention , here and elsewhere . We have had quite a few previous posts about this . It began with a petition by seven American Indian activists led by Suzan Harjo in 1992 to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board of the US Department of Commerce requesting cancellation of the trademark on the grounds that the word redskin was and is a pejorative , derogatory , denigrating , offensive , scandalous , contemptuous , disreputable , disparaging and racist designation for a Native American person In 1998 the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board decided in favor of the petitioners and cancelled the trademark . Pro Football , Inc . appealed to the United States District Court , which in 2003 overturned the decision of the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board and reinstated the trademark . It gave several grounds for its decision that there was an absence of evidence that the term redskin is disparaging in the particular context of the name of the sports team ; that the TTB did not sufficiently articulate its inferences and explain how it decided between competing pieces of evidence . In particular , the District Court was critical of the fact that the TTB ruled on the basis " of the entirety of the evidence " but did not review that evidence in any detail and made few findings of fact ; that the petitioners ' claim was barred by the doctrine of laches , which provides that a right or claim should not be enforced if the long delay in asserting it puts the respondent at an unreasonable disadvantage . In this case , the Court held that opposition to the mark should have been asserted when the mark was issued in 1967 or shortly thereafter and that the delay of twenty - five years was unreasonable . The case was appealed to the Court of Appeal for the District of Columbia Circuit . In its 2005 decision , the Court of Appeal held that the doctrine of laches did not in principle bar the suit of one of the petitioners , Mateo Romero , the youngest , because he was only one year old in 1967 when the trademark was registered . ( In US federal law , the clock for laches starts when the petitioner reaches the age of 18 . ) It therefore returned the case to the District Court for further consideration of whether laches should bar the suit on the part of Mateo Romero . ¹ The Court of Appeal did not address is disparaging in the context of the name of the sports team because there is no need to decide that question if the suit is barred by laches . ² Although the main topic I want to discuss is a linguistic one , I ' ve reviewed the legal history because I think that much of the discussion of the case has been rather misleading . To a large extent the decisions of the courts have focussed on the " technicality " of laches , not on the question of whether is disparaging . The District Court did not simply ignore overwhelming evidence as some commentators suggest . Indeed , even in its holdings on the disparagement issue , the District Court ' s criticisms of the TTB were that it did not sufficiently address the question of whether is disparaging in the context of the name and that the TTB did not make sufficient findings of fact . And in overturning the District Court , the Court of Appeal made no judgment whatever as to whether is disparaging . Its decision dealt exclusively with laches . In short , the decisions of the courts have been concerned largely with technical questions , not with the linguistic issues . I think that it is well established that is taken by most people today to be disparaging . What is more interesting is whether it has always been so , as Harjo et al . , as well as various others , claim . One interesting piece of evidence is the origin of the name Washington Redskins . In 1933 , George Preston Marshall , the owner of the team , which was then located in Boston , renamed it the Boston Redskins in honor of the head coach , William " Lone Star " Dietz , an American Indian . ³ When the team moved to Washington in 1937 it was renamed the . George Marshall clearly did not consider the name disparaging . The term of course goes much farther back than 1933 . The details of this history have recently been explored by Ives Goddard of the Smithsonian Institution , in a paper conveniently available on - line . Some of the evidence is available in greater detail on Goddard ' s web site . You can read speeches by the Meskwaki chief Black Thunder and the Omaha chief Big Elk in which the expression is used , and early nineteenth century examples of the Meskwaki usage of terms meaning and whiteskin I wo n ' t review the evidence in detail because Goddard ' s paper is short enough and accessible enough that if you are interested you should read it yourself . I ' ll just summarize it . Goddard shows that the term is a translation from native American languages of a term used by native Americans for themselves . Harjo ' s claim that it " had its origins in the practice of presenting bloody red skins and scalps as proof of Indian kill for bounty payments " is unsupported by any evidence . ⁴ The term entered popular usage via the novels of James Fenimore Cooper . In the early - to mid - nineteenth century the term was neutral , not pejorative , and indeed was often used in contexts in which whites spoke of Indians in positive terms . Goddard concludes : Cooper ' s use of as a Native American in - group term was entirely authentic , reflecting both the accurate perception of the Indian self - image and the evolving respect among whites for the Indians ' distinct cultural perspective , whatever its prospects . The descent of this word into obloquy is a phenomenon of more recent times . The response to Goddard ' s paper is disappointing . Other than reiterating the unsubstantiated and implausible theory that the term owes its origin to scalping , Harjo and others have merely waved their hands , asserting that as Indians they know differently without presenting any evidence whatsoever . A typical example is found in this Native Village article , which quotes Harjo as follows : I ' m very familiar with white men who uphold the judicious speech of white men . Europeans were not using high - minded language . [ To them ] we were only human when it came to territory , land cessions and whose side you were on . The only point here that even resembles an argument is the bald assertion that Europeans never spoke of Indians other than disparagingly . This is not true . Evidence to the contrary is explicitly cited by Goddard . What is more disturbing is that Harjo ' s primary response to Goddard is ad hominem : that as a white man what he says is not credible . Whether he is white , red , or green is of course utterly irrelevant , as thinking people have known since at least the Middle Ages . Goddard presents his evidence in detail , with citations to the original sources . You can evaluate it yourself , and you need not rely on his statements of fact but can , if you are willing to devote some time and effort , check out the sources yourself . Furthermore , without the slightest evidence Harjo imputes to Goddard So , there you have it . On the one hand an utterly unsubstantiated and implausible theory advocated by Suzan Harjo , who exhibits no knowledge of the history of English usage of , of American Indian languages , or of the early history of relations between Indians and Europeans . On the other hand a detailed account with numerous explicit citations to original documents by Ives Goddard , who has dedicated his entire life to the study of American Indian languages and the documentation thereof . It is always possible that some new evidence will be brought to bear , but for the present I do n ' t think that there can be any ambiguity as to which is the more credible account . Notes : ¹ The District Court held that Romero ' s suit was not barred by laches simply as a matter of the length of time that had elapsed since the cancellation petition was filed only seven years from the date of his majority , but might nonetheless be barred by laches if the delay of seven years put Pro Football at an unreasonable disadvantage . For this reason it is important to understand that laches is distinct from the doctrine of statute of limitations . A suit is barred by the statute of limitations if there is legislation setting such a time limit . In contrast , laches is an equitable doctrine and is based on the principle that too long a delay is unfair to the respondent , not on any particular time limit . ² Similarly , the District Court never addressed Pro Football ' s arguments that section 2 ( a ) of the Lanham act , under which Harjo et al . sued , is an unconstitutional violation of the First Amendment right of free speech and the Fifth Amendment right of due process because it overturned the TTB ' s decision on other , non - constitutional , grounds . ³ Harjo et al . question this story of the origin of the name , but as the Circuit Court noted ( p . 13 , footnote 6 ) , they provide no evidence whatever to the contrary and give no convincing reason to disbelieve the primary source , a newspaper article presenting the account by Marshall ' s grand - daughter . Some authors have also claimed that Dietz was not an American Indian . The articles cited , however , do not cite their sources , so it is difficult to evaluate their claims . It is , however , undisputed that Dietz presented himself as an American Indian and that George Marshall publicly presented him as one . George Marshall surely thought that Dietz was an American Indian , which is really what counts here . ⁴ A point that has not , as far as I know , been mentioned in this context is that scalps or other body parts presented as evidence of kills would not , in general , have been red . As I can attest from personal experience with the processing of animals killed by hunters , mammalian blood is bright red when fresh but darkens quickly as it oxidizes . When dried it retains a dark red tinge if thin but in any thickness is black . Under most circumstances bounty hunters did not present their trophies for payment until Posted by Bill Poser at March 26 , 2006 06 : 42 PM | [
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http://itsmtransition.com/2013/06/whats-an-itil-cab-a-simple-explanation/ | What ’ s an ITIL CAB ? A Simple Explanation by Greg Sanker 6 years ago ITIL Basics 7 Comments Pin it Like 1 T he Change Advisory Board ( CAB ) is the most widely known ITIL component . It ’ s also widely misunderstood . Here ’ s the quick lowdown on CAB . What is CAB ? CAB – known formally as the Change Advisory Board , is a group of people who are tasked with evaluating changes to the IT environment . It can be as simple as an email distribution list , or as formal as a Chairman - led , take - minutes , raise - your - hand - to - speak board . The culture and the business needs of the organization determines what ’ s appropriate . The CAB is comprised of technical staff and key decision makers . There ’ s no set rules for who ’ s on CAB . The Change Manager ensures the right people with the right information , knowledge , and background are there to effectively review each change . It ’ s not uncommon for Subject Matter Experts to be called in to help review and advise on specific Change Requests because of the nature of the Change . ( i.e. Senior Network engineer for router changes . ) ‘ CAB ’ and ‘ Change Management ’ are not the same . CAB is focused exclusively on reviewing Change Requests for risk and unintended consequences , and advising the Change Manager of their findings and recommendations . Change Management is the broader capability that manages the entire process of raising , reviewing , evaluating , approving , and tracking and overseeing all changes . What ’ s a Typical ITIL CAB Look Like ? CAB should be staffed with representatives from all functional areas / technical disciplines , key decision makers , and business stakeholders , as appropriate . The Change Manager organizes and runs the CAB meetings . Typical Members : Senior Network Engineer Senior Application Development engineer All Operations Managers Service Desk Server / Infrastructure engineer Senior Security Engineer Information Security Officer Business Relationship Manager ( s ) Service Owners Business users What ’ s the CAB do ? Let ’ s just get this out of the way up front – Change Advisory Board is often misunderstood to be the Change Approval Authorization Board . It ’ s advisory because it ’ s job is to review proposed changes , and advise the Change Manager of the results of their findings . It ’ s the Change Manager who ultimately approves ( or rejects ) Changes . With that out of the way – here ’ s what the CAB does : Review Request for Change ( RFC ) . Use knowledge , experience , and background to asses change for risks and unintended consequences Ask probing questions to fully understand the proposed change Evaluate proposed change for risks , and mitigation . Ensure that business outcomes are documented and well understood Schedule and prioritize changes Evaluate if the proposed Change will give the intended outcomes without adversely impacting the business . Ensure the proposed time is appropriate ( does n ’ t conflict with business needs , other change , or operational activities ) Ensure technical and architectural standards are met Determine likelihood of unintended impacts Make recommendations to reduce risk , increase likely success , and minimize business impact . May request a more in - depth , formal Change Evaluation for a given change . CAB uses the findings of Change Evaluation to asses the Change . What Changes have to go to CAB ? Generally , all changes to the production environment are brought to CAB for review . If there is delegated Change Authority , ( which I highly recommend ~ See Five Lessons from Implementing ITIL Change Management ) , smaller changes may be reviewed by the delegate . If every tiny tweak has to come to CAB for full review and approval , staff are likely to find ways to get around it Rightfully so . Standard Change to the rescue ! Standard Changes are well understood ( generally have documented processes ) , and are low risk . The standard process is reviewed by CAB , and once approved , is used in daily operations to manage standard changes . ( See Whats the difference between Standard and Normal Changes in ITIL . ) Whatever structure you put in place , be sure to document it , and make sure everyone understands it well What Authority Does CAB have ? Change Management is a control process – it ’ s intended to control changes to the environment . CAB is part of that process , but is not the decision maker . The Change Manager herself is ultimately accountable for approving / rejecting changes . The Change Manager will generally follow the advice of the CAB , but can approve Changes ( for many reasons ) that the CAB has recommended against . It ’ s best to make this clear early and often . Clarity in Ownership and Accountability is critical for a successful ITIL CAB . What are you waiting for ? While Change Management may be more complex , CAB is pretty much CAB – as I ’ ve described here . Best to keep it simple and focused on quickly implementing business requested changes , while managing risks and minimizing unintended consequences . Have a CAB ? Thinking about implementing one ? Let ’ s hear from you ! Photo Credit P.S. If you liked this article , you might enjoy the ITSMTransition Newsletter . Receive each new article right to your inbox ! Sign up here Score : 4.90 5 10 votes ) Five lessons learned implementing ITIL Change Management IT Change Management : Going Faster with Good Brakes . | [
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http://itstillworks.com/connect-dsl-modem-linksys-router-wireless-internet-14590.html | How to Connect a DSL Modem & a Linksys Router for Wireless Internet In order to share your DSL Internet connection with other computers in a wireless home network , you must connect your DSL modem to a Linksys wireless router . While this seems like an easy process , knowing the instructions for hooking your Internet connection to a wireless router reduces the frustration during set up . The Linksys wireless router should be connected to the DSL modem using an Ethernet cable . Your DSL Internet service should also already be activated in your home by your Internet service provider . Step 1 Turn off your DSL modem and ensure the Linksys wireless router is unplugged . Disconnect the DSL modem from your computer . Step 2 Plug the Ethernet cable into the Ethernet port on the back of your computer . Plug the other end of the Ethernet cable into the Internet port on the Linksys wireless router . Step 3 Plug a second Ethernet cable into one of the numbered ports on the Linksys wireless router . Plug the other end of the Ethernet cable into the Internet port on the back of the DSL modem . Step 4 Turn on your DSL modem . Connect the power adapter to your Linksys wireless router and allow it to power on . Turn on your computer and open a browser window . Type 192 . 168 . 1 . 1 into the address bar . Press " Enter . " Step 5 Under the " Setup " tab , highlight the " Basic Setup " selection . From the " Internet Connection Type " menus , select the type of DSL you are using . Check with your Internet provider to confirm your connection type if you are unsure . If you can not find your DSL , select " Automatic Configuration . " Step 6 Type in the username and password that you use to connect your DSL Internet service in the fields provided . Select " Save Settings . " Open a new browser window , and test your Internet connection by visiting a web page . If you have Internet service , you have successfully set up your wireless router . If your Internet does not work , read the troubleshooting information provided with the wireless router , or contact your Internet service provider for troubleshooting information . Items you will need Linksys wireless router DSL modem w / Internet 2 Ethernet cords References Microsoft at Home : 5 steps : How to set up your home wireless network ; 2011 About the Author contact us . Photo Credits More Articles How to Configure Comcast Cable Internet . . . How to Restart Spooler Service How to Hide a Computer From the Other . . . How to Test the Speed on a Wi - Fi Router How to Set Up a Proxy Email How to Set Up a Belkin Wireless Router . . . How to Set Up a Linksys Wireless G . . . How to Log on to My Router How to Set Up an Email Account With . . . | [
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http://itstillworks.com/functions-microsoft-onenote-12362.html | What Are the Functions of Microsoft OneNote ? The Microsoft OneNote 2010 allows you to " Keep tabs on your life . " The OneNote 2010 program allows users to eliminate paper notebooks and to - do lists in favor of the OneNote " digital notebooks . " OneNote organizes notes , photographs , videos and Internet links into lists , which can be easily grouped according to user preferences . Take Notes Microsoft OneNote 2010 allows users to store notes in digital page form . Click " New Page " in the Microsoft OneNote2010 main menu , then begin typing . While Microsoft OneNote 2010 updates automatically , manual saving is also possible via the right - click menu . The right - click menu also allows file copying , renaming , deletion or merging into another page . Audio Recording Microsoft OneNote 2010 allows for audio recording . Begin a new page , then access the " Record " option at the top of the new page . Recording continues until " Stop " is clicked . Microsoft OneNote saves automatically , or save manually using the right - click menu . Other right - click menu options for recorded pages include file copying , renaming , deletion or merging into another page . Video and Photo Storage Microsoft OneNote 2010 users upload videos and photos from the Web or from their computers using the " New Page " option followed by the " Upload " option . Downloading photos or videos from the Internet requires an Internet connection , while downloading photos or videos from a personal computer does not . OneNote Compatibility Microsoft OneNote 2010 is compatible with Windows Internet Explorer , Microsoft Word 2010 and Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 . Place OneNote 2010 to the side of the computer screen while you work in these other programs , then click on it for quick note - taking or recording . Notebook Navigation Microsoft OneNote 2010 features notebook - style navigation . The tabs at the top of the OneNote 2010 screen function as folder subdividers , which can be color - coded if desired . Click on a folder or sub - folder to access that area instantly . Accessing Information Access Microsoft OneNote 2010 in any location with Internet access or a Windows 7 - enabled mobile phone device . The Microsoft OneNote Web App , a free downloadable app from Microsoft ( see " Resources " ) allows users to store notes on the Internet and view and edit notes in any location with Internet access . Microsoft also offers a OneNote Mobile download , which allows any user with a mobile device using Windows 7 ( other versions of Windows are not supported for OneNote Mobile ) to work on OneNote from any location with Web access . References Microsoft : Meet OneNote Microsoft : Top 10 Reasons to Try OneNote 2010 Photo Credits More Articles Advantages & Disadvantages of Document . . . How to Download Movies to XBox 360 . . . Microsoft Office 2007 Components How to Save a Microsoft Word Document . . . Syncing OneNote on an iPhone With a . . . How to Create a Calendar in Outlook What Is Caret Browsing on Microsoft . . . How to Save Web Pages Offline How to Update Windows Movie Maker Codecs | [
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http://itus.accessinnov.com/ | Itus Networks Owners Forum SubForums Topics 5 Replies Last Post General Discussion 62 topics 401 Dec 29 by hotnewsaa Technical Discussion 84 topics 926 Jul 24 by 1TUS Tutorials 5 topics 59 Oct 23 2017 by Roadrunnere42 Customizations 6 topics 34 Jan 28 2017 by duanev Snort rules tuning and info 12 topics 97 Apr 23 by Randymandy | [
"Itus Networks"
] |
http://ivanhoffman.com/insurance.html | PUBLISHERS LIABILITY INSURANCE IVAN HOFFMAN , B.A. , J.D . Author Contract Issues Preliminarily , however , publishers and authors should focus on a few of the relevant contractual issues that should be included in the publisher ’ s agreement with the author . These are important for the reasons expressed below but also because often the insurance company will want to review that agreement as a condition to writing the insurance . It is essential that the publisher ’ s agreement with the author include thorough representations , warranties and indemnities including the right on the part of the publisher to withhold monies due the author in the event of a claim not only under the contract related to the particular book but under any other contract between the author and publisher . ( Read “ The Indemnity Clause in Book Contracts ” and “ Cross Collateralization in Book Contracts ” ) . This means that if there is a claim made against the book , the publisher may help secure the claim by resort to the author ’ s royalties . However , these provisions may not be sufficient to fully protect the publisher . There may be instances where there are claims made that require the expenditure of sums for attorneys fees , costs as well as ultimate damages for which the sums due the author are insufficient and / or the author otherwise lacks sufficient assets to satisfy these claims . In addition , as discussed below Moreover , every publishing agreement should require that the author obtain signed permissions and releases from anyone that may have any potential rights in the work ( read “ The Permission Form ” on my site . ) This is a form the publisher should provide the author to make certain that the publisher , as well as the author , is fully protected . Thus , because the contract itself may not be enough , the publisher should carry insurance . The Policy The insurance should at least cover claims for : a ) copyright and trademark infringement ; b ) libel or slander ( slander , being oral defamation , may occur in an audio version of the book or in some interviews given by the author in the promotion etc . ) ; c ) invasion of privacy ; d ) invasion of the rights of publicity ( i.e. commercial exploitation of someone ’ s name or likeness and may arise in marketing and promotional materials as well as in the text ) ; e ) unfair competition ( such as infringing on the rights of a product or service that is not a registered trademark ) ; f ) personal injury ( in the instance of a book dealing with health or physical fitness advice for instance ) and including the infliction of emotional distress ; and g ) taking of ideas ( such as a claim from an author who submitted a manuscript , had it rejected and now claims that a book published by the publisher is his or her idea ( read “ Handling Unsolicited Material ” ) . The policy should cover the work in all of its versions such as both hard and soft cover as well in an online and electronic book version and in other formats such as if the offending passages are included in a serialized version . The publisher should obtain specific coverage for any online activities since not all policies cover this type of business . Often the publisher will make representations and warranties to the licensee that the licensed work does not infringe on the rights of others etc . and thus the publisher becomes liable for a breach of these In some instances , a policy can include coverage against punitive damages as when there is a claim made that there was an intentional and malicious defamation or other such act . There are generally 2 types of coverage : one is an “ occurrence ” coverage and the other is on a “ claims made ” basis . In the “ occurrence ” type policy , there is coverage no matter when a claim is actually filed , even after the policy expires , if the book or other material was published during the term of the policy . A “ claims made ” policy only provides coverage in the event a claim is actually made during the term of the policy . Thus , the “ occurrence ” type policy Additionally , it is essential that the policy include coverage for “ costs of defense . ” This is a very important part of any insurance policy and how this is handled varies from carrier to carrier . Ideally , the policy should pay for your attorneys fees over and above any coverage for damages . In some instances , however , the attorneys fees are merely included in the overall coverage and subject to the limitations in amount the publisher has selected . There may also be policies that provide that the carrier chooses and pays for the cost In some policies , there is a condition precedent to obtaining coverage that the manuscripts all have to be reviewed by the publisher ’ s attorneys before they are insured . Although having an attorney “ vet ” the manuscript can be very expensive , it should be done in any instance , whether or not there is insurance , since preventative law is almost always less expensive than remedial law . Seeking to prevent claims is a much wiser approach for a publisher than paying to defend them once they arise . Insurance is one of those areas of business where you get what you pay for . The more extensive your coverage , the more expensive it is going to be . Obviously , the cost of the insurance will vary with all of the above factors but in addition to those , there are other issues that may affect the rate . These other issues include the nature of the book or other work ( risk factors ) , the “ retention ” or deductible amount ( this is the amount the publisher pays out of its pocket before the Conclusion This article merely highlights some but certainly not all of the issues related to liability insurance . You should of course consult with an experienced insurance professional with knowledge about this field as well as with your legal advisor . As in all areas of your business , it is well to keep in mind that help me is almost always cheaper than fix me . It is the visionary publisher that sees far enough down the road to take care of potential problems when they are small rather than bury its head in the proverbial sand hoping that no problems will arise . The fault with this ostrich approach is that the publisher ’ s worst enemy is actually a successful book . If the book is a stiff , no one is probably going to make any claim Which to “ root ” for ? How to sleep at night ? Be kinder to yourself . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | [
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http://ivcfnynj.org/events/upstatebigevent/ | Upstate Big Event 2018 3 Days Oct 19 Oct 21 2018 Registration Unavailable Jesus is risen He has given us everything we need to establish and advance witnessing communities at colleges and universities in upstate New York and Northern New Jersey He has called us to go to every corner of every campus and bear witness to what we have seen and heard But what has Jesus given to me so that I can know Him How do I lead not just serve others If God is real and if what the Bible says of him is true how should this impact our lives We want to invite you to join students from across the region for Upstate Big Event to explore these questions and more We believe that God has a plan for your college experience that permeates far beyond academics impacting every area of your life If thats true dont you want to find out what that would mean for you This is your chance to do that At Upstate Big Event we will be digging deeply into what it means to be a disciple and ambassador of Jesus This conference will help prepare you to testify to what you have seen God do in your life and in your InterVarsity chapter on your campus Join us for Upstate Big Event you wont want to miss it Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Overview Tracks Transportation Important Details | [
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http://ivkdlaw.com/the-firm/our-articles/divorce-and-estate-planning/elder-competency-when-can-you-make-your-own-decisions/ | Elder Competency – When Can You Make Your Own Decisions ? by Laurie Israel , Esq . Article Categories Mediation and Collaborative Divorce Divorce and Estate Planning Prenuptial Agreements and Lawyering Marriage and Mediation to Stay Married Insights and Humor As we and our loved ones grow older , we start seeing and experiencing situations of decline – physical and mental . Yes , the decline is accompanied with the peace of mind and contentment that comes from years of experience . But the physical problems every older person has needs to be dealt with on an ongoing basis . Mental decline is something else . It interferes with your quality of life , your ability to handle the details pertaining to day - to - day living – shopping and making food , paying bills , making sure your retirement income and assets are safe ( difficult in these times ! ) , and are being used for your care , and making sure you see your doctor and take your pills . When mental decline is severe , another person needs to act for you , either through a health care proxy , a power of attorney , Competency is legal term that means that a person has the soundness of mind and mental capacity to be qualified to act legally for him or herself . Capacity means the ability to receive , process , and perform mentally . Both terms relate to an intelligent understanding and perception of one ’ s options and one ’ s actions . We lawyers know legal competency when we see it . People entering into agreements and contracts , and writing wills and other estate planning documents must be competent in order for the documents to be legally binding . Therefore , lawyers need to constantly evaluate clients ’ competency ( and incompetency ) in assessing clients ’ ability to think about , formulate , and execute , documents . Another way to articulate legal competency is when a person is able to handle his or her financial affairs and make rational and considered decisions about one ’ s own health care When working with a client , we are looking for several factors : ( 1 ) whether the client is able to articulate the reasons behind his or her decisions consistent with the client ’ s own identified goals ; ( 2 ) the degree of alertness of client ’ s state of mind and ability to understand relevant information ; ( 3 ) whether the client is able to understand the nature of his / her own situation and the consequences of his / her decisions ; and ( 4 ) whether the client ’ s decisions are consistent This all boils down to whether the client understands the alternatives available , the person can make a decision based on the facts and appreciate the consequences of his / her decision . Competency is not an “ all or nothing ” attribute . A person might not be able to balance his checkbook , but can address medical decisions or make a last will and testament . Some people are competent to do some things and not competent to do others . Some people are bad at handling their own money , but are very sure as to whom they want to have their money should they have any at death . Diminished capacity is really a sliding scale between full competency and something much less . Sometimes a person might be competent one day and lack competence the next day . We are taught as lawyers that a person who is competent when he executes a last will might be incompetent two hours later , but the will he made when competent will be legally binding . In cases of diminished capacity , we lawyers are careful to provide evidence in the file of a person ’ s competence to execute the document , such as writing down in - office The client , of course , needs to know what he or she is signing . This means that when discussing the drafting and review of various legal documents , the client must understand the need for a particular document and what the document does . There are slightly different standards with important differences in competency for different types of legal documents . Testamentary capacity for executing wills requires knowing the objects of one ’ s bounty , the property held , and the disposition of the property one makes in one ’ s last will . It ’ s actually a lesser extent than that which is required to enter into a contract . To appoint a health care agent or a future guardian , a lesser standard applies – you need to know whom you wish to act for you if you can not To make a gift , you must understand the nature and effect of your donation . To grant a deed and enter into a contract ( including a divorce agreement ) , you must be able handle your financial affairs and be able transact business . All of these are subject to a sliding scale of competency and need to be evaluated on a case - by - case basis at the time you are working with the client . Determining mental competency is not an exact science , but is something lawyers must do . Because lawyers are concerned about competence when a client faces financial matters and decisions ( and because we deal with client finances and money issues primarily ) , we are a bit mystified when the determination of whether someone has legal competence to handle business matters is relegated to physicians and psychologists , but that is the state of the law in Massachusetts . The Massachusetts Uniform Probate Code ( MUPC ) requires a medical certificate in order to have a guardian or conservator appointed to make decisions for an incapacitated person . MUPC Section 5 - 303 and 5 - 404 . The medical certificate must be completed by a registered physician , a licensed psychologist , or a certified psychiatrist nurse clinical specialist . There are questions in the form of fill - in - the - boxes regarding overall impairment ( alertness , memory , emotional and psychiatric functioning ( i.e. , ranging from “ No ” impairment to “ Severe ” impairment ) . There is a question as to how these impairments cause the individual to “ have an inability to receive and evaluate information or make or communicate decisions . ” This standard seems to be drawn with a much cruder brush than the standards of competency applied on a daily basis by lawyers doing their work with clients , If you or anyone you know is having cognitive impairment that is causing problems , perhaps the person can put things into place for him or herself using his / her own decision - making before the time for action has passed and legal competency is no longer present . Copyright © 2010 Laurie Israel . About Latest Posts Laurie Israel Laurie Israel is a founder of Israel , Van Kooy & Days , LLC , a law firm located in Brookline , Massachusetts . She combines a family law practice with estate planning , tax , mediation and collaborative law . Laurie is a former board member of the Massachusetts Council on Family Mediation and the Massachusetts Collaborative Law Council . Her writings include articles on divorce , mediation , marital mediation , and prenuptial agreements . You can find her articles on www . ivkdlaw . com Huffington Post , and Mediate . com . She is the author of the forthcoming book The Generous Prenup : How to Support Your Marriage and Avoid the Pitfalls | [
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