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http://junkmycar.com/ | Get your hands on some green Junk car selling made simple 1 2 3 Sell junk cars like a pro Using Junk my Car to sell your old clunker and make some cash on the fly is sheer genius The process is fast the service is free and you have an entire staff within reach to troubleshoot you can even enlist their help for documentation issues Instant offer with little information required Freetowing Gratis comp on the house Onthespot payment Sell that junk car bud This is it Time to make money off that junk car nice n easy Get cash Get the show off the road Sell your junk car | [
"Sell junk cars"
] |
http://jurassicworld-evolution.wikia.com/wiki/Crichtonsaurus | in Dinosaurs Ankylosauria Herbivores Crichtonsaurus Crichtonsaurus Classification Diet Herbivore Era Late Cretaceous Family Ankylosauridae Dig Sites Yuliangze Formation Size Height 17 meters 558 feet Length 7 meters 2297 feet Weight 05 tons 1102 pounds Requirements Comfort Threshold 55 Social Group 05 Ideal Population 08 I think I read about this one before in a book Its got a novel name the Crichtonsaurus Cabot Finch Crichtonsaurus is a genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur that originated from Late Cretaceous Asia Named after author Michael Crichton the Crichtonsaurus is unlocked by progressing through the Science Division on Isla Matanceros and becomes available through the Research Centre Contents show Description COSMETICS WOODLAND ARID RAINFOREST VIVID Crichtonsaurus is a small species of ankylosaurid dinosaur related to the larger Ankylosaurus In Jurassic World Evolution the base genome of the Crichtonsaurus has a browngrey colouration Behaviour Crichtonsaurus lives in small groups of around four to five individuals and prefer a less crowded enclosure Palaeontology Crichtonsaurus is a mysterious dinosaur The fossils found so far are rather scant consisting of a jaw and teeth a skull and pieces of backbone and armour There is little to tell from these remains and there has been much confusion due to two other species found in the same formation the Sunjiawan Formation All that can be said so far is that it is a primitive Ankylosaurid Trivia Along with Archaeornithomimus Majungasaurus Styracosaurus and Suchomimus Crichtonsaurus is one of the dinosaurs added by the Deluxe Edition Much like the Huayangosaurus the ingame Crichtonsaurus is over twice the size of its reallife counterpart Although now regarded as a dubious genus Crichtonsaurus was named to honour Michael Crichton the author of Jurassic Park and its sequel The Lost World Despite Crichtonsaurus being nomen dubium a specimen was referred to Crichtonpelta also named after Michael Crichton Cabot Finchs quote about the Crichtonsaurus states that he has seen this dinosaur in a book This must directly reference Michael Crichtons Jurassic Park novel Gallery References Further reading v d e DINOSAURS IN JURASSIC WORLD EVOLUTION E V O L U T I O N Ankylosaurus Apatosaurus Brachiosaurus Camarasaurus Ceratosaurus Chasmosaurus Chungkingosaurus Corythosaurus Deinonychus Dilophosaurus Diplodocus Dracorex Edmontosaurus Gallimimus Giganotosaurus Gigantspinosaurus Huayangosaurus Indominus rex Kentrosaurus Maiasaura Mamenchisaurus Metriacanthosaurus Muttaburrasaurus Nodosaurus Pachycephalosaurus Parasaurolophus Pentaceratops Polacanthus Sauropelta Spinosaurus Stegosaurus Struthiomimus Torosaurus Triceratops Tsintaosaurus Tyrannosaurus Velociraptor D E L U X E Archaeornithomimus Crichtonsaurus Majungasaurus Styracosaurus Suchomimus F A L L E N K I N G D O M Allosaurus Baryonyx Carnotaurus Indoraptor Sinoceratops Stygimoloch D R W U Ankylodocus Olorotitan Spinoraptor Stegoceratops Troodon C R E T A C E O U S Carcharodontosaurus Dreadnoughtus Iguanodon External links Crichtonsaurus on Wikipedia Categories Dinosaurs Ankylosauria Herbivores Isla Matanceros Unlock Deluxe Edition 18 Members Online General Members Online dank hindu kush STAR WARS The Old Republic Scar Valtor Queen League of Legends Alextrex1928 Cyrannian Jurassic World Evolution Danger Floof DarkimusPrimal DekuScrub VRChat EatBreakfast Hypn02 Luis f ฮ Moon ms vanjie Netflix sans chill Professor Littlefoot Shamarsaurus14 Sjors Clooney RimWorld Solar Eclipse theferretman21 Elise the Indominus Rex Free voice chat from Discord Connect Recent Wiki Activity Indominus rex A FANDOM user 45 minutes ago Gallimimus A FANDOM user 48 minutes ago Struthiomimus A FANDOM user 49 minutes ago Archaeornithomimus A FANDOM user 49 minutes ago | [
"Crichtonsaurus"
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http://juris.nationalparalegal.edu/(X(1)S(jczxrhh1kom0cabtvbpprfhs))/WhiteCollar.aspx | White Collar Crime by Susan Israel Introduction White collar crime refers to non - violent , illegal activities that are committed by individuals or business and government organizations for financial or personal gain . According to the FBI โ s website , white collar crime is โ lying , cheating and stealing . โ Many white collar crimes are difficult to prosecute because the perpetrators use very sophisticated technological means to conceal their often complex transactions . Examples of white collar crime include bribery , Ponzi and pyramid schemes , insider trading , embezzlement , cybercrime ( computer and internet fraud ) , credit card fraud , phone and telemarketing fraud , mail fraud , insurance fraud , healthcare fraud , copyright infringement and trade secret theft , money laundering , identity theft , forgery and even tax evasion . The Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution authorizes the federal government to regulate and prosecute white collar crime . Many federal agencies , including the FBI , IRS , Secret Service , U.S. Customs and the Securities and Exchange Commission , have a role in the enforcement of federal white collar crime legislation . The FBI estimates that white collar crime costs the United States in excess of $ 300 billion a year . Furthermore , white collar crime has been increasingly linked to the funding of terrorist activity , and therefore the government , as well as the Cybercrime Computer - related crime includes hacking , cracking and phishing . Hacking is gaining access to a restricted system through a security flaw . Hackers can invade commercial and government sites and obtain personal information about users . They can also disrupt business and government operations . Cracking refers to the process of invading software to obtain encrypted code or to remove copy protections , or invading the security devices in computer networks . Phishing is the process of obtaining user account and password information through email scams that ask users to link to their account and input their personal Cybercrime is used in the commission of the white collar crimes of fraud , money laundering , counterfeiting of currency and identity theft . Identity theft is now believed to be the fastest growing white collar crime in the U.S . Corporate White Collar Crime Enron is the most glaring example of corporate fraud and insider trading in recent history . By โ cooking the books , โ Enron executives greatly overstated the value of the company โ s stock , allowing them to sell off their shares for millions of dollars just days and weeks before the company collapsed in bankruptcy . The fallout was enormous as investors lost billions of dollars and Enron employees lost their life savings . As a result of the Enron and other corporate scandals , Congress passed the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002 , which calls for Insider trading is prohibited by the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 . It involves the trading of a company โ s public securities by officers , directors and other employees who have access to information about the company that is not known to the public . For example , the top executives of Company A learn that the Board is about to declare a two - for - one stock split and , prior to a public announcement of this information , they purchase thousands of shares of Company A stock . A recent high - profile case involving Sometimes companies are the victims , rather than the perpetrators , of white collar crime , for example in embezzlement and trade secret theft . Embezzlement is the fraudulent conversion of someone else โ s assets to one โ s own use for purposes other than what the embezzler was entrusted with . Embezzlement can be accomplished by falsifying records , accounts and ledgers ; creating phantom employees ; and writing phony checks . Employees have created successful embezzlement schemes and stolen millions of dollars from their employers by hiding transactions for many years before being caught . Ponzi and Pyramid Schemes Ponzi and pyramid schemes are fraudulent investment businesses that depend on an ever - increasing pool of new investors to pay the returns of the initial investors . These operations eventually unravel when the supply of new recruits ( and new income ) dwindles and the promoter can not keep up promised returns . The largest and most spectacular Ponzi scheme in history was the recent Bernard Madoff scandal , in which his clients , including individual investors , banks , universities and charities , lost in excess of $ 50 billion . Madoff is now serving a 150 - Money Laundering Money laundering refers to the intentional concealment of sources of money , typically money acquired from crime ( โ dirty โ money ) , and making it appear that it came from legitimate sources ( โ laundered โ or โ clean โ money ) . It is estimated that billions of U.S. dollars are laundered every year . Money laundering is achieved by several methods , including : breaking up large amounts of cash into small deposits that escape scrutiny , then purchasing bearer instruments , also in small denominations ; investing in cash - intensive businesses ; transferring funds Money laundering has been long associated with organized crime and illegal drugs . Now , however , there is mounting evidence that laundered money is being used to fund international terrorism . More than thirty nations have signed on to the Financial Action Task Force that has promulgated guidelines for global anti - money laundering standards . Telemarketing and Mail Fraud Telemarketing fraud is using the telephone to conduct fraudulent selling , frequently targeting senior citizens . Typical examples include : requesting advance fees to collect a phony lottery prize or government loan ; offering to sell worthless securities or timeshares ; soliciting for non - existent charities ; and charging for services that usually can be obtained for free . Mail fraud is using the U.S. Postal Service to defraud individuals of money or property . Such schemes include : phony sweepstakes and lottery offers ; solicitations for phony charities ; employment fraud , which encompasses work - at - home schemes , pyramid schemes and other phony job opportunities ; receipt of unsolicited merchandise ; credit card offers that you have to pay for ; โ 900 โ telephone number fraud , in which the victim is directed to call a 900 number for which there is always a charge ; other offers to invest in land , securities Identity Theft Identity theft is assuming another person โ s identity information , most often to commit financial fraud . By obtaining a victim โ s personal information , such as name , address , date of birth and social security number , a thief can obtain loans , credit cards and other goods and services , all in the victim โ s name . Fake IDs and fake passports are commonly used by criminals to commit crimes and evade capture . It has become increasingly difficult in this technological age to protect one โ s private information . But it is important to note that it can take years , and a significant amount of money , for a victim of identity theft to clear his name and credit . Insurance Fraud Insurance fraud is defined as 1 ) the commission of any act that is intended to fraudulently obtain a benefit to which the perpetrator is not entitled ; and 2 ) the denial by an insurer of a benefit to which an insured is entitled . Life insurance fraud involves faking one โ s death in order to claim life insurance benefits . Less common , but the subject of many movies , is murdering someone , often a spouse , in order to collect life insurance . Health care insurance fraud is committed by providers , patients and insurers . Providers may bill for medical services they did not perform , or perform unnecessary surgeries or other treatments . They may inflate the level of services they performed and diagnose and treat conditions outside their area of practice . Claims may even be submitted by individuals who are not physicians . Patients may conceal pre - existing conditions and provide other false or misleading information on enrollment forms . They may enroll ineligible dependents , or fail to disclose when a claim is the result of a Automobile insurance fraud often involves rings of criminals who stage collisions , and with the help of a cooperating doctor , submit claims for personal injuries . In the case of an actual accident , the automobile owner may exaggerate the damage to his vehicle by including previously sustained minor damages , or the extent of his personal injuries . Whiplash is a typical injury claimed in auto accidents and is very difficult to disprove . Property insurance fraud results from overstating the value of property that is lost or damaged in a fire or flood , for example , or intentionally destroying property to receive insurance benefits . The most common property insurance crime is arson . National Juris University , the graduate division of National Paralegal College , offers the following programs : Master of Science in Legal Studies Master of Science in Compliance Law Master of Science in Taxation | [
"White collar crime",
"non-violent ,",
"illegal activities"
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http://jurisco.com/executor-bond-illinois/ | Executor Bond Illinois Probate bonds may vary state - to - state making it difficult to know what the state mandates and requires . To help make fiduciary bonds more understandable , Jurisco is putting together series of blog posts related to court bonds and state requirements . Today we delve into Executor Bond Illinois . What is an Executor Bond and who needs it ? Executors , persons / company in charge of an estate or inheritance , are required to obtain an Executor Bond Illinois to financially cover their actions . This surety bond protects the beneficiaries and estate against any wrongdoing by an executor should they fail to manage the assets properly . An executor bond would cover beneficiaries , for example , if their inheritance is stolen ; however , it also holds the executor responsible for paying the bond back . Why do Illinois Courts make this requirement ? An Executor is in charge of the financial being of an estate including paying taxes , settling debts , contacting beneficiaries and properly handing real estate . The Illinois Executor may also pay themself for completing these services . Since the estate โ s quality rest in the hands of the Executor , the state must ensure a proper job and provide legal recourse otherwise . Does Illinois require a fiduciary bond if the executor lives out of state ? The state of Illinois does not mandate the residence of an executor . He / she may live in any state , but must follow the same guidelines . A person living in Alabama , for example , would still need to obtain a probate bond if the estate is in Illinois . Is the probate bond based on the value of the estate ? The value of the estate influences the cost of an executor bond as well as its necessity . Illinois probate courts may not require a surety bond if the estate is valued less than $ 100,000 . Are multiple bonds required if there โ s more than one executor ? There may be multiple executors of an estate , called โ co - executors โ . If there turns out to be more than one executor , however , only one โ co - executor bond โ will be required for the estate unless the court orders otherwise . Alternatively , if no one is found willing to serve , the public administrator in the respected Illinois county would handle the estate . What happens if the Executor fails to obtain a surety bond ? When a court mandates an executor bond , the bond must be secured before an executor can access the estate and inheritance . Does the surety bonding company have to be located in Illinois ? The executor may obtain the surety bond from whichever bonding company they see fit . This could mean a surety bonding company in Illinois or a nationwide provider including Jursico . com . Executors are responsible for taking inventory of and protecting the estate โ s assets , trying to find heirs to the estate , paying off any outstanding debt attached to the estate , making sure the taxes are paid and calculated correctly for the estate , and so on and so forth . Some states will also require that executors obtain an Executor Bond in order to protect both the deceased individual and the beneficiaries of this individual from dishonest acts such as embezzlement , fraud , and other acts of this sort . | [
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http://jurrassic-wolrd.wikia.com/wiki/Barry | in Humans Raptor Handler Jurassic World Employees Barry Barry Status Alive Height 190 m Barry is a friend of Owen Grady who was once a Velociraptor trainer at Jurassic World Story IBRIS Project In 2013 Barry was living in France After noticing that the pack dynamic of Velociraptor was more complex than thought his freind Owen Grady reconmended Barry to Vic Hoskins to work with the raptors Barry was later hired afterward as the trainer and caretaker of the projects Velociraptor pack Isla Nublar Incident 2015 Barry took part in stopping an escaped Indominus rex after she had escaped her enclosure and was rampaging throughout the island At one point in the incident he noticed that the raptors he and Owen trained were oddly communicating Owen also notices and realizes that the Indominus rex was also made of Velociraptor DNA giving it the ability to communicate and become the new Alpha Once the raptors turned on the humans Barry ran to a nearby log and was attacked by Blue and was nearly killed by her until Owen whistled for her and she turned to chase him instead saving Barrys life He would later evacuate to a hanger in Costa Rica with the rest of the evacuated tourists Categories Humans Raptor Handler Jurassic World Employees Males Alive | [
"Jurassic World",
"Barry"
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http://justfunfacts.com/interesting-facts-about-apples/ | Food Fruits Interesting facts about apples 3 years ago Prev Article Apples are part of the rose family just like pears and plums The apple tree originated in Central Asia They have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were brought to North America by European colonists There are more than 8000 varieties of apples the largest variety of fruit to exist Apple are one of the most widely grown tree fruit Apple trees take 4 to 5 years to produce their first fruit Apple trees are deciduous and have a period of dormancy followed by a flurry of activity in spring Bees pollinate the flowers in late spring moving from one tree to the next By the time the fruit is ready to be picked the buds for next falls fruit are already in place The apple tree generally standing 18 to 46 meters 6 to 15 feet tall in cultivation and up to 12 meters 39 ft in the wild Life expectancy for apple tree is about 100 years China is by far the largest apple producer The Apple is popularly known as the supposed forbidden fruit of Eden But this is not mentioned anywhere in the Bible Apples can help you improve your memory Apples contain high levels of boron which stimulates electrical activity of the brain and increases mental alertness Most of the antioxidants i n apples including Quercetin are found in the skin A medium sized apple contains 80 calories The soluble fiber contained in apples is called pectin and can help lower cholesterol levels To produce one apple it takes energy from 50 leaves Pomology is the science of applegrowing The apple genome was decoded in 2010 Apples float in water because they are 25 air The most expensive apple in the world is Sekai Ichi apple it cost 2100 each Sekai ichi means worlds number one in Japanese The largest apple ever weighed 1849 kg 4 lb 1 oz and was grown and picked by Chisato Iwasaki at his apple farm in Hirosaki City Japan October 24 2005 Apples are also said to symbolize health love and fertility Apple blossoms are a symbol of feminine beauty Apples were popular in ancient Greece and Rome and were a sign of opulence In Norse mythology the goddess of youth Idun was believed to grow magic apples that kept the gods youthful In the Chinese culture the word for apples is pronounced as ping which also stands for peace This is why apples are a popular gift to give when visiting someone in China There is a classic story that Sir Isaac Newton came up with his law of gravity when an apple fell on his head The most famous saying involving apples is An apple a day keeps the doctor away The fear of apples is known as Malusdomesticaphobia New York City is nicknamed the Big Apple Prev Article | [
"facts about apples"
] |
http://justfunfacts.com/interesting-facts-about-france/ | Places Interesting facts about France 3 years ago Prev Article France is officially known as the French Republic The name France comes from the Latin word Francia which means country of the Franks France in Western Europe encompasses medieval and port cities tranquil villages mountains and Mediterranean beaches France is the largest country in the EU with an area of 551000 square km Bordering countries are Andorra Belgium Germany Italy Luxembourg Monaco Spain and Switzerland The official language is French French is the second most studied language in the world after English In 2015 France was estimated to have a population of 64982894 Paris is the capital of France is known worldwide for its couture fashion houses classical art museums including the Louvre and monuments like the Eiffel Tower Other major cities include Marseille Lyon Lille and NiceCannes About 85 percent of the French population live in urban areas France is the most visited country in the world 837 million tourists in 2014 The Alps mountain range on the border of France and Italy is home to Frances highest mountain Mont Blanc which stands at 4807m high 15771 ft With its overseas territories France uses 12 different time zones the most of any country in the world The motto of the French Republic is Liberty Equality Fraternity Libertรฉ Equalitรฉ Fraternitรฉ Traditional French culture places a high priority on the enjoyment of food The French view eating as not just a neutral act but as culture Traditionally there are from 350 to 450 distinct types of French cheese grouped into eight categories les huit familles de fromage There can be many varieties within each type of cheese leading some to claim closer to 1000 different types of French cheese Each new day in France sees about two new cooking books published The average French person eat 500 snails each year French consume 112 billion glasses of wine each year All champagne is produced in the Champagne region in France Otherwise it is called sparkling wine Some claims that french Toast Isnt French Allegedly Joseph French advertised the modern toast but forgot to add the apostrophe France has won the most Nobel Prizes for literature of any country The French government gives medals to citizens who have successfully raised several children with dignity The most famous road bicycle race in the world the Tour de France zig zags through the French landscape One of the four grand slam tennis events the French Open is held in Paris every year Theres a Coffee Shop in France where not saying hello and please makes your coffee more expensive France was the first country to introduce the licence plate with the passage of the Paris Police Ordinance on August 14 1893 France once controlled more than 8 of the worlds land There are more people speaking French in Africa than in France Ther are about 40000 chรขteau in France Napoleon wasnt short He was actually above the average Frenchman Louis XIX was King of France for just 20 minutes Potatoes were illegal in France for 24 years In 1748 the French Parliament forbade the cultivation of the potato on the grounds that it was thought to cause leprosy This law remained in effect until 1772 For 214 years until 2012 it was illegal in Paris France for women to wear trousers A 1910 law in France forbids couples from kissing on train platforms to avoid delayed departures Paris taxi drivers have to pay nearly 200000 euros for their licenses Thats why there are so few Prev Article | [
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http://justiceunbound.org/journal/current-issue/the-the-principles-of-capitalism-and-their-effects-in-the-world/ | The Principles of Capitalism and Their Effects in the World May 2011 by William Saint View article in PDF optimal for printing Globalization has delivered a lot but it also has a dark side a large and growing chasm between the rich and the poor Clearly we need a new form of globalization 1 Dominique StraussKahn Managing Director International Monetary Fund In its Accra Confession of 2004 the World Alliance of Reformed Churches identified the following ten principles to be associated with capitalism as it is presently practiced in the world The economys purpose is to generate profit Unrestrained competition Unlimited economic growth and accumulation of wealth Consumption must be encouraged Deregulation of markets Unrestricted capital movements Taxes are a constraint on growth Ownership of private property has no social obligation Privatization of utilities and natural resources Nature is a commodity to be marketed and consumed With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 the cold war between the practitioners of socialism and capitalism was effectively won by the latter In the minds of many around the world this confirmed the rightness of the capitalism model and its underlying principles Over the past two decades these principles have created the phenomenon called economic globalization What have been the consequences 2 1 Profit as economys purpose The common good is not a consideration Corporate profits have trended steadily upward since the collapse of the Berlin Wall kicked off a sustained period of global capitalist expansion see chart below In 2009 the Fortune 500 companies more than tripled their earnings to 391 billion 3 Although admittedly departing from a depressed level of profits during the Great Recession of 2008 this jump was the second largest in the 56 year history of corporate profit monitoring and occurred while much of the world wasand still isstruggling against economic adversity US Bureau of Economic Analysis Corporate Profits from 1984 to 2010 in billions 2 Unrestrained competition Countries are not the beneficiaries In the 1980s free market economics variously called market fundamentalism neoliberalism or the Washington Consensus was in ascendency combining excessive optimism about what markets could achieve on their own with a very bleak view of the capacity of governments to act in socially desirable ways Government stood in the way of markets instead of being indispensable to their functioning and accordingly had to be cut down to size 4 Consequently the role of government in regulating markets was put under siege and forced to retreat in a number of areas including social protection consumer protection and environmental protection Free trade agreements proliferated eliminating protectionist barriers that interfered with a competitive market and progressively integrating national economies into a globalized free market economy Although corporations particularly the strongest ones benefitted from this new environment countries did not For example Harvard economist Dani Rodrik notes Most recent estimates put the overall gains to the United States from a global move to free trade in tenths of 1 percent of US gross domestic product 5 3 No limits to growth and wealth accumulation The rich get richer At the start of the age of neoliberalism in 1980 the world contained just 12 billionaires By 1990 the number had climbed to 99 and by 2000 it was 322 Today the number of billionaires is 1011 6 This exponential increase is indicative of income inequality trends in the world World Bank data show that inequality has been increasing worldwide In 2005 the richest 10 percent in the world received 55 percent of the worlds income In contrast the poorest 50 percent got only 66 percent 7 Thus there is no global catchup for poor countries and no global equality of opportunity Poor countries will likely remain poor and rich countries will continue to be rich with wealth concentration growing faster than poverty reduction 8 Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | [
"Principles",
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"Effects in the World"
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http://justified.wikia.com/wiki/Mags_Bennett | in : Season 2 Characters Characters Recurring Characters and 3 more Mags Bennett Edit Share Mags Bennett Name Maggie Bennett Birthplace Harlan , Kentucky Birthdate Age 60s Status Deceased Cause of Death Suicide by poisoning Affiliation Bennett family Actor Margo Martindale Maggie " Mags " Bennett was a recurring character and main antagonist in the second season of the FX series Justified . Mags was the matriarch of the Bennett family , a group of hillbilly pot growers , who are in a generations long feud with the Givens family . Mags poisons Loretta McCready ' s father Walt and takes in Loretta , telling her she sent her father to do some work in Texas . After the events of Brother ' s Keeper Mags appears more distraught about losing Loretta than about the death of her son Coover . In the season 2 finale Bloody Harlan Mags is shot in the leg by a vengeful Loretta . Mags dies at the end of the episode when she commits suicide by drinking from her own glass of poisoned " apple pie " moonshine , the same method she used to kill Walt . Mags was portrayed by guest star , character actress Margo Martindale Contents show Biography Edit Background The Bennetts and the Givenses have been rivals for generations . She makes a mean " apple pie " moonshine flavored to be similar to apple pie . Mags intended to just be a wife and mother until she was forced to take over her husband ' s criminal enterprise after his death . She runs a general store as a front for her family ' s lucrative marijuana growing business . She and Helen have placed a hold on the Givens - Bennett feud . She entrusts her money to Ellstin Limehouse Season 2 Mags poisons Walt McCready with a glass of Apple Pie moonshine because he got the authorities involved when a man in the Bennett ' s employ perved on his daughter Loretta . She has Dickie and Coover dispose of the body down a mine shaft . Mags takes in Loretta and tells her her father Walt is doing some work for them in Texas . She was once a respected member of the community until she sold the land she had sworn to protect to a mining company , Black Pike . Afterwards she is reviled by the members of After Loretta finds out about the Bennetts ' involvement in her father ' s murder , she is sent to foster care . Mags still asked Raylan Givens about her welfare . Relationships Pervis Bennett : Husband , deceased Doyle Bennett : Oldest son , deceased Dickie Bennett : Middle son Coover Bennett : Youngest son , deceased Gracie : Cousin Walt McCready : Murder victim Loretta McCready : Associate , unofficial " daughter " Raylan Givens : U.S. Marshal Ellstin Limehouse : Associate , Holder of Mags ' s stashed money Memorable Quotes " It ' s too late . It was already in the glass , not in the jar " ( Mags to Walt McCready after poisoning him in " The Moonshine War " ) " Wherever your boys grow up , do you think they ' d be better off doing it with or without their daddy ? You figure out that next time before you open your mouth to me . " ( Mags to Hobart Curtis after he blames Coover ' s death on karma for her selling out to Black Pike in " Debts and Accounts " ) " Put an end to my troubles . . .get to be with my boys . . .get to know the mystery . . . " ( Mags ' final words in " Bloody Harlan " You pick the devil you run with . " Appearances Season two appearances The Moonshine War The Life Inside The I of the Storm For Blood or Money Cottonmouth Blaze of Glory Save My Love The Spoil Brother ' s Keeper Debts and Accounts Full Commitment Reckoning Image Gallery Trivia Categories Season 2 Characters Characters Recurring Characters Deceased Characters Season 2 antagonists Murderers Add category | [
"Mags Bennett",
"antagonist",
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http://justinwise.net/apple-cider-vinegar/ | Why I Drink Apple Cider Vinegar Everyday โ Why in the world would you do that ? โ It โ s the response that I get most often when I tell people I drink ( imbibe , consume , etc . ) apple cider vinegar everyday . Admittedly , apple cider vinegar ( ACV ) is sour , acidic , and downright acrid . Last summer , my chiropractor here in Des Moines first suggested that I use ACV in a โ homemade Gatorade โ before runs . Regular sports drinks are chock - full of sugar and the electrolytes they promise are โ dead โ by the time they get to you anyway . I was getting dehydrated after long runs so I thought , โ Why not ? โ Not to be trifled with . I tried it ( ACV , water , and honey ) and loved it . I became more of a purist as the summer went on . Which finally led to the ritual you โ ll see below . This is the routine I follow nearly everyday . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Apple Cider Vinegar Info Braggs Apple Cider Vinegar โ Do n โ t go anywhere else . These guys are the creme de la creme of ACV . Homemade Gatorade โ 2Tbsp ACV , 8 oz . water , honey to taste . ACV Power Shot โ 2 Tbsp ACV , 3 - 5 drops liquid stevia , 1 oz . water . Do you have any out - of - the - ordinary health rituals ? Let me know in the comments below ! If you โ ve enjoyed today โ s content , I โ d love it if you โ d consider subscribing to my free social media newsletter . | [
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http://justnicks.blogspot.com/ | Tuesday January 31 2017 Jillibean Soup Wood Plank project Good morning I have a SUPER easy wood plank project to share with you using a 12x16 wood plank from the Mix the Media collection by Jillibean Soup My house doesnt have a lot of room on its walls for home dรฉcor but at certain times of the year I always find room to add a little something on top of a cabinet in our front entrance I made this really easy DIY piece with just a few supplies I used the 12x16 wood plank in raw pine by Jillibean Soup It is perfect for adding your own color too just do a light sanding and add some acrylic paint I used the Witty White Happy Hues paint by Jillibean Soup and let it dry While it was drying I cut the images for the wood out of black adhesive vinyl The designs are both from the Silhouette online store Once it was dry I lightly sanded the edges of the wood before applying my vinyl cut design I should have distressed it a bit more but it still looks pretty decent in the end As you can see I simply added on my vinyl to the dry wood surface once it was completely dry There are some tricks to getting it on check out YouTube for tips but once you get the hand of it its pretty easy I added in some bling to the center of the snowflakes for a little sparkle and I was all done I figure this is something that can stay around our house beyond the holidays since we have winter for almost 46 months of the year HA Posted by Nicole Nowosad at 847 AM Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels DIY Jillibean Soup Silhouette vinyl Friday January 27 2017 Jillibean Soup Let It Snow layout Hello This month on the Jillibean Soup blog the DT was challenged to use the new Day 2 Day planner items on nonplanner projects I started my page by grabbing some of the great Day 2 Day planner stickers I used those as a grid for the bottom of my page and as you can see I added in some stamped rectangle in the same size for the remaining spots Those were stamped using the Day to Day planner stamps I filled in the top of my page with some Mini Placemats diecut shapes from the Sew Happy Sunshine Soup collection I thought they kind of looked like snowflakes I added in some star sequins and some cute little puffy stickers from the Day 2 Day planner collection too A die cut title completed the whole page quickly and easily from the Silhouette store Stop by the Jillibean Soup blog today to see how some of the rest of the team took on this months designer challenge Posted by Nicole Nowosad at 1030 AM Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels Jillibean Soup Friday January 20 2017 Snow Day Shimelle WINTER is coming Yep I said it and now its full on here We have been so lucky in our city as it hasnt really been cold If you didnt know I am from Winnipeg Manitoba Canada We are known across the country for our cold winters We are known as Winterpeg HA As I type this it is snowing big fluffy flakes outside and really it is about time As much as I dont like the snow I really dont mind it either It is just here so darn long Because it gets do darn cold we dont actually venture outside enough to take photos most of the time Winter photos are pretty rare here which is pretty strange I managed to have one of my daughter on a warmer winter day last winter and decided to use it for a challenge on the Shimelle blog on snowflakes I used the Frozen Windowpanes cut file from my digital cut file store JustNick studio for this page I like the modern rounded snowflake look and wanted to use that with some non traditional winter colors on my page You can see that I backed most of the cut file with various pink and blue toned papers along with some vellum in spots too I like leaving some empty spaces on cut files like this one so that background pops through a little I added some tags and smaller diecuts along the top of my page adding a title and some glittery asterisks from a Thicker set They seemed to remind me of small snowflakes I really love how it all came together Filling a background like this one is a little time consuming but I love the result in the end I really must try to remember to get outside more this winter on the days that I am able Snow is quite pretty and I need to take advantage of that more Posted by Nicole Nowosad at 1139 AM Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels layouts Shimelle Thursday January 19 2017 Crop and Create spring 2017 class preview The winter season is always a busy scrapping time for me This month I have been finishing the details on my upcoming classes with Scrapbook and Cards Today Magazine for the Crop and Create events that are happening in Toronto Moncton Calgary and Abbotsford If you are thinking of attending one of these events I would love to see you in class Here is a sneak of my upcoming class Big Bold and Beautiful featuring the Amy Tangerine collection Oh Happy Day FYI there is quite a bit of fussy cutting in this class and it makes the projects so pretty Just love those pretty flowers so much in this collection I really feel that these 2 projects a single and double page spread are totally my style and super fun I am excited to share how you can create these projects quickly and easily too Ah my girl so grown up now already almost 8 in March This single page is my fave I will have a sneak of my other class up next week f you are interested in registering you can find out all the information on the Scrapbook and Cards Today website HERE The Toronto event is sold out but we would love to see you in Moncton Calgary or Abbotsford too We often have ladies travel far and wide to the events and its always a treat to meet up with folks we have met online Hope to see some of you there if you are coming I would love for you to let me know in the comments I am off to Phoenix AZ today for CHA 2017 I am excited to see all the new collections meet up with old friends who just get what we do An exciting trip for me I should be sharing some video on the Scrapbook and Cards Today Facebook page as well as on their Instagram sctmagazine Please stop by and say HI if you happen to check out the video Posted by Nicole Nowosad at 951 AM Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Monday January 16 2017 Fancy Pants Designs sneak peek Hello Just quickly stopping in to share a sneak of a project I have up on the Fancy Pants Designs blog today using the lovely Golden Days collection While this collection was made for fall the coral color is perfect for a lovey themed project too I used the Heart is Full background from my digital cut file store JustNick for the background Come back soon for the full reveal or stop by the Fancy Pants Designs blog today Posted by Nicole Nowosad at 951 AM Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels Fancy Pants Designs Justnick Fancy Pants Designs Joy Parade Hello hello For the last 2 weeks we have been sharing projects on the Fancy Pants Designs blog using the fun new collection Joy Parade I created a bright and colorful page using this collection I managed to use a lot of the bright vibrant paper on my page I used some simple strips of patterned paper around the exterior of my page to draw the eye to the photos in the centre A really great way to add a big impact of color and still draw the focus to the photos that you are using Quite often the stuff we put on the page detracts from the photos Not good right This is a great way to easily mix up patterns too Just use all that pretty color and pattern in smaller doses rather than large pieces mixed together I used a lot of the new puffy stickers and flair on this page Love the cool vinyl like look of those puffy stickers So shiny and pretty All in all I love how this page came together I find it really is about the idea to get the page going Quite often for me that is a shape or size in my mind and then things just happen I love how this one came together and I hoe you do too I created a quick process video for this page if you are interested sit back and enjoy Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Posted by Nicole Nowosad at 944 AM Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels Fancy Pants Designs Process Video Friday January 13 2017 Jillibean Soup cards Day 2 Day collection Did you know that Jillibean Soup has come out with a new planner collection Yup its true its called Day 2 Day Now if you are like me and not a planner person ie use a planner but dont decorate it then you try to find ways to use these items in other ways right Well I created these 2 cards using some items from the Day 2 Day collection along with some other items by Jillibean Soup Check out those awesome clear stickers Great for planners yes but also great for card sentiments and to add to layouts too For this card I used a lot of the Day 2 Day planner stickers as the paper for the card front adding foam adhesive in behind each sticker to add a little dimension Its a really simple card and NO STRESS I like projects that happen that quickly Stop by the blog today to see how our DT also used the Day 2 Day collection to make a whole lotta cards this month Posted by Nicole Nowosad at 1045 AM Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels Cards Jillibean Soup Home Subscribe to Posts Atom About Me Nicole Nowosad View my complete profile Visit my digital cut file store Online classes Big Picture Classes SCT delivered online classes Scrapbookcom PageMaps U Follow Me Followers Copyright All content including text photographs and design work is copyright 2009 2016 Nicole Nowosad All artwork original unless otherwise stated is shared for personal inspiration only and may not be copied for any reason publication or contest entry without my permission Blog Archives | [
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] |
http://justquilty.com/2013/06/quilt-binding-instructions-how-to-join-quilt-binding-ends/ | Quilt Binding Instructions : How to Join Quilt Binding Ends June 6 , 2013 by Mary H 6 Comments Now that you โ ve made your binding and sewn it to your quilt , you need to join the ends of the binding . ( First , a little FYI : The first time I did this , I almost lost my mind . I do n โ t know why , but I looked at every tutorial on the Internet , and could not get it to work . So , I have taken it on as my personal mission in life to explain this well . ) So , at the end of the last tutorial , this is what you had . A nice empty space where you will join the ends of your binding . As I โ ve said before , I โ m a fan of having too much fabric rather than too little , but I may have gone to extremes in this case . Look at all my extra binding . I do n โ t need nearly this much , so I trimmed the excess to make it more manageable . I just used scissors . If you have this much extra binding , do n โ t worry about measuring , just trim a few inches off to make it easier to work with . To join the ends , your binding ends are going to have to overlap . The length of the overlap needs to be the same as the width of the binding . So , in this case , my binding is 2 inches wide , so I want my ends to overlap by 2 inches . I try to get them to overlap in the middle of the open space . It does n โ t have to be exactly in the middle , I just like them close to that point . Ok , you are going to have to cut your fabric ! This is scary , but be brave ! Here โ s a picture of what it will look like when you โ re done . Cut each end of the binding to make them overlap by two inches . Here โ s another view . Now open the strips . I also gather my quilt to make it a little easier to maneuver . I just pinch it together below where I โ m working on the binding . It creates a little slack , making it easier to work with the binding ends . Now take your binding ends and place them right sides together Make sure the right sides are together . To me , it feels a little awkward placing the right sides together . It does n โ t seem like the fabric naturally wants to do this , so be careful and make sure you put the right sides together . If you โ re looking down at your binding , like I am in this picture , the end from the right side is on the bottom and the end from the left side is on the top . It does make a difference . Now pin the ends together . You can also draw a line from corner to corner if you want , like I did . This line is where you โ ll sew . Before actually sewing , you can check and see if you did everything correctly . The purple line is where your thread will be , so you can kind of gently turn the fabric to see if everything looks right before you sew . I know that โ s not exactly clear , but just pretend the purple line is actually thread and play with it for a second . You should be able to tell if you โ ve done it correctly . If everything looks good , go ahead and sew . Backstitch when you start and stop sewing . Remember that your seam ripper is your friend . If you โ ve messed something up just rip it out and try again . Once your binding is sewn together , it should look like this . It โ s a little lumpy , so take your scissors and cut off the extra fabric . Cut on the side that will leave with you with 2 little triangles of fabric . If you cut the other side you โ ll cut your actual binding . Yes , I โ ve done that before . Now your binding should look like this . You can run your iron over it , if you โ d like to make it a little flatter . ( I did n โ t , but it โ s ca n โ t hurt . ) Now you just need to finish sewing it to your quilt . This is probably self - explanatory , but figure out where the binding is not already sewn to the quilt and start sewing a little before that point . You โ ll stop sewing just after the point where the binding is already attached to the quilt . Do n โ t forget to backstitch when you start and stop . And it โ s done . Now all that โ s left to do is sew the binding to the other side of your quilt . And if you โ d like to see the first 2 parts of this little series : Quilt Binding Instructions : How to Sew on Binding Quilt Binding Instructions : Make Your Own Binding Filed Under : Uncategorized Tagged With : attach binding to quilt join binding join quilt binding ends Trackbacks Finished my Patchwork Quilt says : June 29 , 2013 at 8 : 19 am [ โฆ ] posted about it here and I used it to make a few binding tutorials . It was super easy and very quick to make . I just procrastinated with the binding , as usual . I did , [ โฆ ] Reply | [
"Quilt Binding",
"maneuver",
"Backstitch"
] |
http://justsmogs.com/extras/smog-faq/ | Smog FAQ Do I Need a Smog Check ? Not all vehicles must get a smog check . Additionally , some vehicles only need a passing smog check when they are being sold or being registered in California after previously being registered in another state . Whether or not a vehicle needs a smog check depends on the type of vehicle , the model - year , and the area in which the vehicle is registered . Under California vehicle emissions control laws and regulations , you must get a smog check for your car in the following cases : 1 . ) My Registration Renewal Notice says โ Smog Certification Required โ 2 . ) I am selling my car . 3 . ) I am bringing a car into California to be registered . When you sell a vehicle in California , the seller is responsible for getting a smog certificate prior to completing the sale . When you bring a vehicle into California to be registered , you are required to get a smog certificate prior to registration . Some vehicles are not required to obtain a smog check inspection for registration purposes . Vehicles that are six or less model - years old are abated from the biennial smog check inspection requirement . For vehicles with registration renewals due in the 2008 calendar year , the abated years include 2003 through 2008 . Vehicles that are four or less model - years old are abated from the smog check inspection requirement upon change of ownership and transfer of title transactions with the Department of Motor Vehicles . In 2008 , the abated years are 2005 through 2008 . As of April 1 , 2005 , the 30 year rolling exemption was repealed . 1976 and newer vehicles are now required to have smog check inspections for biennial registration renewals , change of ownership transactions and initial registration in California . Vehicles being initially registered in California that were previously registered in another state are exempt from the biennial smog check inspection requirements if the vehicle is a 1975 or older model . All 1976 to current year vehicles are required to obtain a smog check certificate of compliance prior to initial registration in California . What do I need for my Smog Check ? If you are renewing your registration , you only need to take your vehicle , your Department of Motor Vehicles ( DMV ) Registration Renewal Notice , and a method of payment for the smog check . If you are transferring a vehicle , or registering it in California for the first time , take the vehicle , a form of payment , and all of your registration documents to JUST SMOGS โข . What happens during a smog check ? While performing a smog check , our certified technician will connect measuring equipment to your vehicle . This equipment is connected to computers at the Bureau of Automotive Repair . Measurements taken during the smog check are recorded and available immediately to BAR . Certifications are immediately transmitted to the DMV . Our staff at JUST SMOGS โข will tell you the results of the test . We will give you a receipt and a copy of the test results , known as a Vehicle Inspection Report ( VIR ) . What to do next If your vehicle passes , you may complete your vehicle registration . Be sure to follow the the exact instructions provided by DMV . In some cases , such as paying your fees at a DMV field office , you will have to notify DMV that you received a smog certification before they will send you the renewed registration and sticker . What do I do if my vehicle fails a Smog Check . If your vehicle fails a biennial smog check , you have several options to meet your smog check obligations . 1 . ) Have your vehicle diagnosed and repaired at a licensed Test and Repair station . 2 . ) Apply for financial assistance for emissions - related repairs from the Consumer Assistance Program ( CAP ) . 3 . ) Seek a Repair Cost Waiver through the Referee System 4 . ) Retire Vehicle to State of California ( If program / funds are available ) . If you choose to have your vehicle diagnosed and repaired , keep in mind that all emission related repairs to correct a smog failure must be performed by a licensed smog technician at a licensed station . The Consumer Assistance Program ( CAP ) consists of a Vehicle Retirement Program and a Repair Assistance Program . In order to participate in CAP , you must submit a CAP application and receive approval before attempting to repair or retire the vehicle . Please contact CAP for further information regarding the Vehicle Retirement and Repair Assistance Programs . The Repair Cost Waiver process is available if you have had some repairs performed to reduce emissions and can not afford further repairs to pass the smog test . The Repair Cost Waiver will allow you to register your vehicle for one biennial cycle , even if the vehicle still fails a smog test . To be eligible for a Repair Cost Waiver , the vehicle must not be tampered with , and have at least $ 450 of emission related repairs performed by a licensed technician at a licensed station . The Repair Cost Waiver is issued by the Take advantage of our smog check coupon . An Appointment ( optional ) can be made in advance or same day : ( 714 ) 596 - 1019 JUST SMOGS ยฎ will take care of all your smog check needs . Directions : 7722 Talbert Ave # B Huntington Beach , CA 92648 Like this : Loading . . . | [
"Smog Check",
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http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/1786/BCP_1786.htm | 1786 Proposed U S Book of Common Prayer The Proposed Prayer Book of 1786 was the first effort of the U S Episcopal Church to produce its own Book of Common Prayer a process which was necessitated by the separation of that church from the Church of England caused by the Revolutionary War Although the Book was authorized in nearly every state it was the result of a convention of only a portion of the American Church as can be seen on the title page at right Its publication received much resistance with many believing it deviated too much from its predecessor the 1662 English Book of Common The book appears to be largely the work of the Rev Dr William Smith of Maryland and the Rev William White of Philadelphia later Bishop of Pennsylvania Although many assumed that only minor necessary revisions would be made to the English 1662 Book quite a number of changes were actually made mostly along the same Latitudinarian lines which inspired the abortive 1689 attempt at revision note the great praise accorded to the 1689 book in the Preface Some of the main changes include The term Minister is substituted for Priest in most places where it occurs Although the Absolution of Sins is included the term absolution isnt used Some grammatical changes were made in the Lords Prayer retained in subsequent books The phrase He descended into hell was omitted from the Apostles Creed The Gloria Patri was omitted in most places Prayers for the King and Royal Family were altered or dropped Parents were allowed to be sponsors in Baptism retained in subsequent books The sign of the Cross was made optional in Baptism retained until the 1928 Book The Nicene Creed was omitted in Holy Communion this proved to be probably the most controversial change The Communion service closely follows the English 1662 service rather than the Scottish Rite as in subsequent books The Athanasian Creed is omitted Everything after the Blessing is omitted in the Marriage service retained in subsequent books Burial was allowed to those unbaptized Several services were added namely the Visitation of Prisoners taken from the Irish BCP a Harvest Thanksgiving service and a service for Independence Day the first two were retained in subsequent books The Churching of Women and Commination Services were dropped the first was later restored while the Commination was not The 39 Articles of Religion underwent extensive revision and were reduced to 20 in number The Psalter was totally revised resulting in 60 psalms each made up of individual verses chosen from different Psalms We additionally have online some of the background history of this book and reactions to it Prior to this book AnglicansEpiscopalians in this country were on their own concerning what to do about the English Book of Common Prayer they had been using in light of the Revolution Most churches would simply alter the prayers for the King and Royal Family somewhat some illustrations of this literally are given in an excellent Library of Congress exhibit on Religion and the American Revolution We are presenting this electronic version of the U S 1786 Proposed Book of Common Prayer in hopes that it will prove useful and instructive to the Church Parishes might find it useful in recreating historical services for example to celebrate the anniversary of the parish Others might find it instructive to compare the changes additions and deletions which have taken place in the various versions of the Book of Common Prayer The texts below were taken from three sources everything up through and including Holy Communion was taken from a Xerox copy of the original Other sections were taken either from Prayer Book Parallels by Paul Marshall or from Liturgiรฆ Americanรฆ 1907 by William McGarvey Both of these books give parallel column renditions of the various editions of the American Prayer Books A reprint of this book issued in 1873 by the Reformed Episcopal Church was also consulted All these books are listed in David Griffiths Bibliography of the Book of Common Prayer as 17869 19891 190712 and 187318 respectively As an aid to readability the oldstyle lower case s which looked like an f has been replaced by its modern equivalent In all other ways we have attempted to keep the appearance as close to the original as HTML and a limited choice of fonts allows A 1789 reprint of this book published in England for the benefit of English bishops Griffiths 17898 is available online from the Internet Archive in PDF graphics and plain text formats and also from Google Books as PDF graphics T H E C ONTENTS of this B O O K 1 T HE Preface 2 Tables of the Moveable and Immoveable Feasts and of the Days of Fasting and Abstinence through the whole Year 3 Tables of Lessons of Holy Scripture to be read at Morning and Evening Prayer throughout the Year 4 Tables for finding the HolyDays 5 The Order for Daily Morning Prayer Includes the Litany 6 The Order for Daily Evening Prayer 7 Prayers and Thanksgivings upon several Occasions to be used before the two final Prayers of Morning and Evening Service 8 Collects that may be said after the Collects of Morning or Evening Prayer or Communion at the Discretion of the Minister 9 The Order for the Administration of the Lords Supper or Holy Communion 10 The Collects Epistles and Gospels to be used throughout the Year 11 The Ministration of Public Baptism of Infants to be used in the Church 12 The Ministration of Private Baptism of Children in Houses 13 The Ministration of Baptism to such as are of riper Years and able to answer for themselves 14 A Catechism that is to say an Instruction to be learned by every Person before he be brought to be confirmed by the Bishop 15 The Order of Confirmation or laying on of Hands upon those who are baptised and come to Years of Discretion 16 The Form of Solemnization of Matrimony 17 The Order for the Visitation of the Sick 18 The Communion of the Sick 19 A Form of Prayer for the Visitation of Prisoners 20 The Order for the Burial of the Dead 21 Forms of Prayer to be used at Sea 22 A form of Prayer and Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the inestimable Blessings of Religious and Civil Liberty to be used yearly on the Fourth Day of July unless it happen to be on Sunday and then on the Day following 23 A Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the Fruits of the Earth and all the other Blessings of his merciful Providence to be used yearly on the first Thursday in November 24 Articles of Religion 25 The Psalter selected from the Psalms of David 26 Psalms fitted to the Tunes used in Churches selected from the Psalms of David Portions of which are to be sung at suitable Times in Divine Service according to the Discretion of the Minister 27 Hymns suited to the Feasts and Fasts of the Church and other Occasions of Public Worship to be used at the Discretion of the Minister All the above files in WordPerfect 60 format compressed size66K | [
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http://jvi.asm.org/content/87/8/4558.full | Molecular Aspects and Comparative Genomics of Bacteriophage Endolysins Hugo Oliveira Luรญs D . R . Melo Sรญlvio B . Santos Franklin L . Nรณbrega Eugรฉnio C . Ferreira Nuno Cerca Joana Azeredo and Leon D . Kluskens Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal Next Section ABSTRACT Phages are recognized as the most abundant and diverse entities on the planet . Their diversity is determined predominantly by their dynamic adaptation capacities when confronted with different selective pressures in an endless cycle of coevolution with a widespread group of bacterial hosts . At the end of the infection cycle , progeny virions are confronted with a rigid cell wall that hinders their release into the environment and the opportunity to start a new infection cycle . Consequently , phages encode hydrolytic enzymes , called endolysins , to digest the peptidoglycan . In this work , we bring to Previous Section Next Section INTRODUCTION Bacteriophages ( phages ) are the most abundant living entities on Earth and can be found in every conceivable habitat . Phages outnumber bacteria by an estimated 10 - fold , accounting for a total population size of 10 31 phage particles able to infect 10 8 species ( 1 4 ) . As natural predators of bacteria , these viruses can kill 50 % of the bacteria produced every day , information which demonstrates their ecological importance and impact on bacterial evolution ( 4 5 ) . Phages are tremendously diversified , with genome sizes from as low as 17 kbp up to 0.5 Mbp , and constitute a reservoir of great genetic diversity , which is supported by the high frequency of novel genes found in newly characterized phage genomes . The percentage of genes carried in a newly sequenced genome that present homology to genes deposited in existing databases is usually low , in the range of 20 % to 40 % ( 5 6 ) . This high diversification in the phage population can be attributed to the high number of different bacterial hosts available for phage infection and the ability of phages to rapidly evolve in order to circumvent bacterial resistance mechanisms ( 7 8 ) . Even so , phages able to infect a common host may exhibit great diversity , with little or no identifiable nucleotide sequence similarity between them ( 9 ) . The phage genomes are typically mosaic , with individual genes , or groups of genes , shared among unrelated genomes as a result of horizontal and vertical gene transfer during phage evolution , particularly as a result of recombination events between temperate phages ( 10 13 ) . The morphology of the phage particles and the type of nucleic acid form the basis of their classification , a responsibility attributed to the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses ( ICTV ) . However , ICTV ' s classification method is now being rectified to integrate genomic and proteomic homology ( 14 ) . The major order of phages is the Caudovirales , with 96 % of all reported phages ( 15 ) . Caudovirales virions possess double - stranded DNA ( dsDNA ) genomes enclosed in heads with icosahedral symmetry and with tails that vary in length . These tailed phages are subdivided into three families : Siphoviridae ( representing 61 % ) , with long , flexible , and noncontractile tails , Myoviridae ( representing 25 % ) , having long , rigid , and contractile tails , and Podoviridae ( representing 14 % ) , with short and noncontractile tails . The remaining nontailed phages belong to a small and highly variable group , with single - stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) , ssRNA , or dsRNA ( 3 Phage replication demands a strategy for progeny release and dispersion to enable infection of new hosts . With the exception of the few known filamentous phages , which continuously extrude their progeny across the cell wall without killing their host cells , all phages lyse their bacterial hosts by compromising the structural integrity of the peptidoglycan ( PG ) layer ( 16 18 ) . PG ( or murein ) , a heteropolymer consisting of glycan strands cross - linked by peptides , forms an exoskeleton that withstands the internal cytoplasmic osmotic pressure , providing structural integrity to the cell ( 19 21 ) . Consequently , compromising the PG will lead to an unsustainable internal osmotic pressure , ultimately resulting in the burst of the cell and progeny release . All double - stranded nucleic acid ( dsNA ) genome phages degrade the PG through an essential genome - encoded enzyme โ the endolysin ( 17 18 ) . The muralytic activity of endolysins allows their classification according to the bond of the PG on which the enzymes act . At least four types of endolysins have already been identified : ( i ) lysozymes and ( ii ) transglycosidases act on the glycosidic bond that links the amino sugars in the cell wall , and ( iii ) amidases and ( iv ) endopeptidases act on the amide and peptide bonds of the cross - linking oligopeptide stems and interpeptide bridges ( Fig . 1 ) ( 22 24 View larger version : In this window In a new window Download as PowerPoint Slide Fig 1 Schematic representation of how phage endolysins gain access to the PG through the most common holin - endolysin lytic system . A generalized PG structure illustrates all cleavage sites found : 1 , N - acetyl - ฮฒ - d - muramidase ( LYSO , MURA , SLT , TRANG , GH19 , GH25 , and GH108 ) ; 2 , N - acetyl - ฮฒ - d - glucosaminidase ( GH19 and GLUCO ) ; 3 , - acetylmuramoyl - l - alanine amidase ( AMI - 2 , AMI - 3 , AMI02 - C , and CHAP ) ; 4 , l - alanoyl - - glutamate ( LD ) endopeptidase ( VANY ) ; 5 , c - - glutamyl - m - diaminopimelic acid ( DL ) peptidase ( NLPC - P60 and PET - C39 - 2 ) ; 6 , - Ala - m - DAP ( DD ) endopeptidase ( PET - M23 and PET - M15 - 4 ) ; 7 , - DAP - - DAP ( LD ) endopeptidase ( PET - M23 and PET - M15 - 4 ) ; 8 , - alanyl - glycyl endopeptidase ( CHAP ) ; 9 , - alanyl - - alanine peptidase ( CHAP ) ; 10 , - diaminopimelic acid - - alanine ( PET - U40 ) . PET - M15 - 3 , YKUD , and NLPD are peptidases with an unknown cleavage site . An important issue is the regulation of the endolysin - mediated lysis event that has evolved individually to optimize phage fitness . The holin - endolysin system ( lacking secretory signals ) , known as the lambda paradigm , is thought to be universal in almost all dsDNA phages , with some exceptions ( 23 ) . In this system , endolysins accumulate in the intracellular space due to the bacterial inner membrane . Subsequently , a small hydrophobic membrane - spanning protein called holin is expressed at a genetically predetermined time and accumulates in clusters producing homo - oligomeric pores in the inner membrane , thereby exposing the PG layer to the endolysin ( 17 25 26 ) . Some endolysins , such as the Bacillus cereus phage TP21 - L , Oenococcus oeni phage fOg44 , and Lactobacillus plantarum phage รg1e endolysins , present different intrinsic signal sequences that allow them to pass the cytoplasmic membrane and reach the PG in a holin - independent manner ( 27 28 ) . The referred lytic systems are reported exclusively for phages , and not much is known about lytic systems present in cassettes of phages outside this order . A rare and interesting case is the Tectiviridae phage PRD1 , in which the endolysin is associated with the viral membrane ( 29 ) . The capacity of endolysins from a Gram - positive ( G + ) background to lyse bacteria when added externally was already tested in vitro , leading to the complete death of a streptococcus culture in a few seconds ( 30 ) . The unique ability of endolysins to rapidly kill bacteria in a species - specific manner renders them promising as antibacterial and biocontrol agents and rapidly caught attention of many researchers that envisage applications in fermentations , food preservation , biotechnology , and medicine ( 23 31 ) . Exogenous action of endolysins on Gram - negative ( G โ ) bacteria is still restricted due to the presence of an impermeable outer membrane , thus representing one of the most important challenges in endolysin therapy . Although in recent years , endolysins have proven to be an interesting alternative to antibiotics , their sequences are poorly classified . PG hydrolases constitute an enormous pool of protein sequences that contain a broad range of lytic domains involved in PG digestion . To date , phage endolysins have been annotated mostly according to their enzymatic catalytic family ; however , only a few researchers have tried to analyze their specific classes . Here we describe a bioinformatic analysis of all endolysins found in completely sequenced dsNA phage genomes , unraveling all the selected evolutionary markers behind the phage Previous Section MATERIALS AND METHODS Computer analysis . All computer analyses were performed on Intel - based PCs with the Windows 7 operating system with a Virtual Machine ( Oracle VM Virtual Box ) running the Ubuntu 12.05 operating system for sequence alignment using Clustal Omega ( version 1.1.0 ) ( 32 ) . Sequence database . To perform the study of the endolysin evolution / comparison , a sequence database was created by gathering phages assigned as completely sequenced at the NCBI ( http : / / www . ncbi . nlm . nih . gov / pubmed ) . For the 890 retrieved phages , a query of the genome was performed to encounter any identified endolysin during the sequencing project . Putative endolysins were submitted to a BLASTP analysis ( 33 ) to identify new undiscovered proteins . The BLASTP was executed using all standard parameters with an E value cutoff of 1 ร 10 โ 5 Endolysin motif search . We considered correct endolysin identification ( characterization of its type , catalytic characterization , and binding domains ) of the upmost importance , and therefore , a set of online search platforms was used to accurately determine the protein cleavage and reaction mechanism . All proteins from the database ( 723 putative endolysins found in the 890 phages ) were screened by the HHpred webserver ( http : / / toolkit . tuebingen . mpg . de / hhpred ) using Pfam , InterProScan , and COG with an E value cutoff of 1 ร 10 โ 5 and at least 80 % query coverage . The multiple - sequence - alignment ( MSA ) generation method used was HHblits ( 34 ) . Signal peptides were identified using SignalP ( 35 ) and PrediSi ( 36 ) . To conclude the analysis , the signal - arrest - release ( SAR ) motif was queried . For that , we searched for transmembrane domains located at the N terminus using SOSUI ( 37 ) , TMHMM ( 38 ) , Phobius ( 39 ) , Octopus ( 40 ) , and Topcons ( 41 ) . Endolysins for which a transmembrane domain was identified by at least one of the mentioned softwares and which present a high content ( 40 % to 60 % ) of Gly / Ala and 0 to 2 basic residues ( most of which are Lys ) ( 42 ) were thus annotated as presenting a SAR domain . Protein cladogram . To understand the relation between our selected proteins and to comprehend phage evolution , a phylogenetic study was performed using our protein database . For that , a cladogram was constructed using putative endolysin sequences of only completely sequenced dsNA phage genomes . All these protein sequences were retrieved from our database in FASTA format , aligned using Clustal Omega ( beta version for proteins only , v1 . 1 . 0 ) with the - o output .aln - MAC - RAM = 30000 โ v โ v parameters . The conversion to the PHYLIP format was done using ClustalX multiple alignment software ( version 2.0 ) . The phylogenetic construction was obtained using the Phylogeny Inference Package ( PHYLIP v3 . 68 ) ( 43 ) . The phylogenic analysis was performed using the following algorithms : maximum likelihood ( ML ) , neighbor joining ( NJ ) , and parsimony ( P ) . These methods were applied to the PHYLIP sequence base using PROML , PROTDIST + NEIGHBOR , and PROTPARS , with SEQBOOT programmed to 100 replicates to bootstrap and number seed variation ( the trees were compared to address similarity ) . Bootstrap values were calculated using CONSENSE . In all methods , the jumble number used was 10 and the bootstrap values were all above 80 % . Although more 44 ) . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Outline . To study phage - host - endolysin ecology , a comprehensive list of all endolysins from dsNA phages with completed genome sequences deposited in the NCBI database was compiled . To sort a given open reading frame ( ORF ) as a probable endolysin , two criteria were followed : ( i ) the presence of a putative catalytic domain and ( ii ) the absence of additional domains with extraneous function . The latter allowed distinguishing of endolysins from structural lysins , also known as exolysins . For each encoded endolysin , the following information was gathered : ( Myoviridae , 378 Siphoviridae , 97 Podoviridae , nine Tectiviridae ( dsDNA ) , four Cystoviridae ( dsRNA ) , and 99 unclassified phages ( see Table S1 in the supplemental material ) . Despite their conserved biological function , phage endolysins are enzymatically and architecturally tremendously diverse and hugely vary in length and size . With a remarkable 24 different ECDs and 13 CBD types ( Table 1 ) , these specialized enzymes comprehend 89 different types of architectural organizations ( Fig . 2 ) and belong to phages infecting 64 different bacterial genera ( Fig . 3 ) , range from 72 to 578 amino acid residues with unique peptides / transmembrane signals ( Fig . 4 ) , and are evolutionarily distant from each other ( Fig . 5 View this table : In this window In a new window Table 1 Identified putative endolysin catalytic and binding domains a View larger version : Download as PowerPoint Slide Fig 2 Diversity of ECDs / CBDs found at the N and C termini of the four major endolysin classes centrally located ( from all 723 putative endolysins ) : - acetylmuramidases ( blue scale ) , - acetylglucosaminidases ( purple ) , - acetylmuramoyl - - alanine , and carboxy / endopeptidases ( green scale ) . CHAP ( orange ) can act as an amidase or peptidase . These four major classes have been centrally located to show all ECDs ( with colors mentioned above ) and CBDs ( gray scale ) found attached to their N and C termini . For the correct interpretation of the schematic representation , for all endolysins found with a CHAP domain , a GLUCO at their N terminus was observed . In some proteins , a GLUCO , AMI - 2 , and AMI - 3 domain Fig 3 Nature and repartition of PGH domains derived from 727 endolysins . Fig 4 Phage endolysins predicted to be secreted via the signal - arrest - release system ( SAR ) . Only the first 50 residues are shown . Transmembrane domains are highlighted in light gray , and the predicted catalytic residue of the endolysin is highlighted in dark gray . Fig 5 Radial cladogram of bacteriophage endolysins of all characterized phages . The cladogram was constructed using PHYLIP v3 . 68 with a neighbor - joining algorithm . The resulting cladogram was represented and arranged , without being altered , using the FigTree software ( version 1.3.1 ) . Highlighted areas are numbered and correspond to the more - conserved clades . 1 , Mycobacterium / AMI - 2 ; 2 , G + / GH25 ; 3 , Lactococcus / AMI - 2 ; 4 , G โ / LYSO ; 5 , G / MURA ; 6 , Streptococcus / NLPC - P60 ; 7 , G / AMI - 2 ; 8 , G / VANY ; 9 , Staphylococcus ; 10 , G / GH19 ; 11 , Escherichia / SLT ; 12 , Mycobacterium / NLPC - P60 / GH25 ; 13 , / PET - M15 - 4 / PG1 ; 14 , / PETM - 15 - 4 / GH19 ; 15 , / PET - M23 / AMI - 2 ; 16 , / PET - C39 - 2 / GH19 . Endolysin - based lysis diversity among dsNA phages . The complexity and variety of more than 100 different reported eubacterial PG chemotypes have driven an evolutionary pressure in phages to refine their lytic cassette in order to compromise the host cell wall ( 44 ) . Toward this end , bacteriophages have acquired a huge diversity of PG hydrolases ( PGHs ) , varying in type , number , and organization of their catalytic and binding domains , all illustrated in Fig . 2 Endolysin ECDs . Phage glycosidase PGHs ( EC 3 . 2 . 1 . X ) are a group of enzymes belonging to the lysozyme - like superfamily that catalyze the glycolytic cleavage of the O - glycosidic bond of the bacterial PG . Glycosidase hydrolases ( GHs ) , including GH24 , GH25 , and GH108 ( EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 17 ) , are a structurally diverse set of phage endolysin members with the same lysozyme activity cleaving the MurNAc - - GlcNAc bond of the carbohydrate backbone . GH24 is the most predominant PGH , generally containing globular muramidase ( MURA ) or phage_lysozyme ( LYSO ) domains , strictly present in lytic cassettes of phages infecting G bacteria . A few exceptions are the modular endolysins derived from Synechococcus phages S - CAM8 , S - CBS3 ( LYSO / PET15 - 3 ) , and S - CBS1 ( LYSO / PET39 - 2 ) . GH25 endolysins , on the other hand , are acquired by viruses targeting G organisms , mostly belonging to the Firmicutes family ( e.g. , Bacillus spp . , Staphylococcus spp . , Streptococcus spp . ) , that can be linked to several distinct C - terminal CBDs ( SLAP , CPL - 7 , LYSM , SH3 , and FOG ) . The GH108 class contains just nine endolysins with an enzymatic activity restricted to phages infecting only seven G genera and has never been characterized in vitro . Other soluble lytic transglycosylase ( SLT ) and transglycosylase ( TRANG ) domains belong to the lytic transglycosylase group of enzymes . Although degrading the same PG covalent bond as the previous group , they are not hydrolases . SLT - encoding endolysins are globular and acquired by phages to target G PG ( found in Burkholderia Campylobacter Escherichia , and Pseudomonas phage endolysins ) , while the TRANG - type enzymes are modular and specialized in G PG ( found only in the mycobacteriophages Gladiator , Da Vinci , Hammer , Trixie , Jeffabunny , Blue7 , and Turbido ) . Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage phiKZ endolysin is an example of a ( SLT ) lytic transglycosylase for which activity has been biochemically confirmed ( 45 ) . GH19 ( EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 14 ) is a distinct class cleaving the glycosidic ฮฒ - 1 , 4 linkages of unbranched chains of - acetylglucosamine polymers . This structure is uncommon in bacterial cell walls ; therefore , one can speculate that GH19 - identified endolysins can have glycosidase activity , acting either as - acetylglucosaminidase or as - acetylmuramidase . They are found mainly in spp . - , Gordonia spp . - , and Corynebacterium spp . - infecting phages and have been recently characterized in Pseudomonas fluorescens OBP and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage PVP - SE1 ( 46 47 ) . Finally , glucosaminidases ( GLUCO ) ( EC . 3 . 2 . 1 . 52 ) are core - specific lysosomal enzymes cleaving the GlcNAc - ( ฮฒ - 1 , 4 ) - MurNAc bond . In phage endolysins , this domain is repeatedly found in phage lytic cassettes that mostly target hosts within the Firmicutes family . Although this catalytic class is frequently present in - infecting phages containing three domains in a cysteine - , histidine - dependent amidohydrolase / peptidase ( CHAP ) / amidase_2 ( AMI - 2 ) / GLUCO module , only the Streptococcus agalactiae prophage LambdaSa2 was shown to display ฮฒ - - acetylglucosaminidase activity ( 48 Phage amidase PGHs ( EC 3 . 5 . 1 . 28 ) and - alanine amidases are endolysins composed of domains of the AMI - 2 , AMI - 3 , AMI - 5 , and AMI02 - C types , cleaving the same PG bond between the - acetylmuramoyl residues and - amino acid residues . AMI - 2 , the most predominant domain ( representing 28.22 % ) found in - like and - like endolysins , is usually located as a central domain . phage T7 and phage Twort endolysins are well - studied cases ( 49 50 ) . AMI - 3 domains are predominant on G - like endolysins . It is important to highlight that all phage endolysins bearing AMI - 3 have a CHAP / AMI - 3 / SH3 - 5 structure . Finally , AMI02 - C is located at the C - terminal side and is merely present in some Bacillus and Clostridium - like endolysins . To our knowledge , no studies have yet been performed to confirm lytic activity of this domain . Phage carboxy / endopeptidase PGHs form the larger group of ECDs that cleave short peptides that link the sugar polymers of the PG . A total of nine different peptidases ( PET ) , PET - M23 , NLPC - P60 , NLPD , PET - U40 , and PET - C39 - 2 endopeptidases and VANY , PET - M15 - 4 , PET - M15 - 3 , and YKUD domain carboxypeptidases , were found . PET - M23 is found in phage endolysins from several genera . It has been reported that the Bacillus subtilis prophage Sp - ฮฒ endolysin ( named CwlP ) contains a related domain , and it has been shown to function as a dd - endopeptidase cleaving 4R3 - Ala - meso - diaminopimelic acid ( - DAP ) interpeptide linkages ( 51 ) . The NLPC - P60 domain is described as a superfamily with a very different range of activities . Only found in G - like endolysins , they can cleave - acetylmuramate - - alanine linkages , as was shown for the phage Dp - 1 and Lactococcus lactis phage BK5 - T endolysins ( 52 53 ) . More recently , NLPC - P60 , found in some mycobacteriophage endolysins , was described as a cysteine proteinase cleaving the 4 โ 3 linkage between - Glu and - DAP residues ( 54 ) . PET - C39 - 2 was first identified in lysin A proteins ( mycobacteriophage cell wall hydrolytic enzymes ) , cleaving the - Glu โ - DAP linkages ( 54 ) . This peptidase is also a cysteine proteinase and is present mainly in mycobacteriophages . VANY is described in the Pfam database as a - alanyl - - alanine carboxypeptidase , possibly due to the Enterococcus faecium vancomycin resistance protein VanY ( 55 ) . Concerning its phage origin , this domain was identified in both G - and G - like endolysins , particularly in phages infecting Listeria , and organisms . In opposition to what is described by Pfam , the Listeria phage endolysins Ply118 and Ply500 and the enterobacteriophage T5 endolysin classified as VANY carboxypeptidases act as - glutamate endopeptidases ( 56 57 ) . PET - M15 - 4 is a domain also described as - alanine carboxypeptidase ; however , it has been predicted to display - Glu activity ( ) . This domain was found in several mycobacteriophages and in some phages infecting G organisms , such as Salmonella . PET - M15 - 3 peptidase domains are metallopeptidase domains belonging to the family M15A , found in only nine different endolysins , mainly from G - infecting phages . The exact cleavage site has not yet been identified due to the lack of biochemical evidence . CHAP is a common domain found in phage endolysins identified in 87 proteins . This CHAP domain is strictly encoded in phages infecting G hosts , predominantly in phages infecting spp . and spp . Of particular interest is their association with several other families of amidases , a connection which suggests that they might act in a cooperative manner to cleave multiple PG substrates . Reports have shown that CHAP can serve as a peptidase or amidase , acting as a - alanyl endopeptidase ( in phage B30 ) , as a - alanyl - glycyl endopeptidase ( in phage phi11 ) , or as an - analine amidase ( in phage C1 ) . The latter endolysin ( PlyC ) is a unique multimeric protein composed of two separate gene products ( PlyA and PlyB ) ( 58 60 ) . The remaining NLPD , PET - U40 , and YKUD have been found in only one phage endolysin each , mycobacteriophage Timshel ( PET - M15 - 4 / NLPD ) , Cystoviridae Pseudomonas phage phi - 6 ( PET - U40 ) , and Synechococcus phage S - CBS4 ( GLUCO / YKUD ) endolysins , respectively . NLPD and YKUD remain experimentally uncharacterized . Phage endolysins with multicatalytic activities . Through evolution , endolysins appear to have acquired certain substrate specificities by obtaining multiple ECDs found in bacteriophages infecting a range of 11 different genera but present predominantly in and - like phages . The latter have 26 different types of structures , 14 of which combine two ECDs . The most prevalent ones contain an N - terminal predicted peptidase , centrally located AMI - 2 , MURA , and TRANG , and a C - terminal PG - 1 . Less frequently , staphylococcus - like endolysins with multiple ECDs can contain up to three ECDs with alternating CHAP / AMI - 3 / SH3 - 5 , CHAP / AMI - 2 / SH3 - 5 , or CHAP / AMI - 2 / GLUCO modules . phages and two Clostridium phages , respectively . In G - like endolysins , the few multi - ECDs found belong to the Prochlorococcus marinus phage PSS2 and 4 phages with an N - terminal GH activity ( MURA or GLUCO ) and an additional peptidase activity ( PET - C39 - 2 , YKUD , or PET - M15 - 3 ) . Another notable detail is that 150 ( 77 % ) of the 196 annotated multi - ECD phage endolysins belong to viruses , mostly infecting G hosts . Studied examples including plural active lytic domains are the staphylococcal ฮฆ11 ( 59 ) , the group B streptococcal endolysin B30 ( 61 ) , and the streptococcal lSa2 phage endolysin ( 48 ECDs โ evolutionary claims . The structural distribution of the endolysin domains , as illustrated in Fig . 3 , reflects the phages ' different strategies to ensure the same biological function , i.e. , to disrupt the PG . The acquirement of specific ECDs ( ) from a large pool of potential candidates may be influenced by three factors . ( i ) The specific ECD substrate may be restricted to a few bacteria . For instance , because Lactococcus have unique 3 โ 4 glycine pentaglycine ( Gly ) , dialanine ( - Ala ) , or - Lys - - Asp interpeptide bridges within the PG , their specific phages have acquired a CHAP domain that exclusively cleaves these links ( 62 ) . LYSO activity is dominant in phages infecting G species . This can be explained by the ability of many G pathogens to modify their glycan strands by - glycosylation , de - - acetylations , and / or O - acetylations that contribute to high levels of resistance to lysozyme ( 62 ( ii ) The composition and length of the PG structure vary with growth phase and conditions . As a result of generation of the cellular shape , its maintenance , and bacterial adaptation , bacterial PG dynamics continuously incorporate new material into the sacculus with different muropeptide compositions ( 63 ) , meaning biosynthesis of new ( and removal of old ) substrates available for endolysin targeting . This would drive phages to a careful selection of a capable endolysin that efficiently digests all PG variants . Escherichia coli Mycobacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae are known microorganisms in which muropeptides undergo several changes ( 63 65 ) . Interestingly , their infecting phages represent the niche with lytic cassettes that span the greatest ECD diversity and multiplicity . Mycobacteriophage endolysins especially have an impressive 127 multifunctional ECD combinations , with preferred combinations of PEP - M13 / AMI - 2 / PG - 1 , NLPC - P60 / GH25 , and PET - M15 - 4 / GH19 modules . In some cases , ECDs within the same endolysin may act synergistically , cooperatively , or even alone . ( iii ) Distinct ECDs guarantee a similar biological function . Cleavage of a specific bacterial PG is not restricted to a single ECD but can be ensured by several ECDs with different cleavage sites . For instance , the MurNAc - N - GlcNAc glycosidase activity is performed exclusively by the LYSO - containing endolysins in the Xanthomonas phages , whereas at least four distinct domains ( LYSO , MURA , GH108 , and SLT ) are responsible for this activity in phage endolysins . The amidase cleavage of the - lactyl moieties of MurNAc and - alanine of the short stem peptide ( NAM - amidase ) is carried out by AMI - 2 in Vibrio phage endolysins , while in - like endolysins , it is performed by distinct AMI02 - C , AMI - 2 , and AMI - 3 domains . In general , ECDs are not global but , rather , are found in a restrictive number of bacterial genera . ECD variety among endolysins resulted from the historical battle between phage and bacterium , attaining a wealth of possible PGH sequences to reach the same final outcome : bacteriolysis . Endolysin CBDs . Endolysin modularity can also associate ECDs with a selected cell binding domain ( CBD ) ( ) to target different receptors ( e.g. , PG subunits , saccharides , proteins , lipoteichoic acid , choline , and PG itself ) . Notably , all CBDs are present mostly in Lactobacillus phage endolysins ( ) . Among the great variety of CBD motifs found , only PG - 1 , SH3 , LYSM , and CPL - 7 have been characterized 46 66 67 ) . PG - 1 is almost only restricted to phages infecting G genera , with a few exceptions detected in G - like endolysins ( Salmonella phage PVP - SE1 and Pseudomonas phages phiKZ , EL , 201phi21 , and OBP ) , with a unique inverse rearrangement ( one or more PG - 1 CBDs at the N termini ) . PG - 3 type has been acquired from phages with a rare modular arrangement ( GH108 / PG - 3 ) , infecting G counterparts . SH3 domains commonly found in autolysins and phage endolysins often belong to the SH3b , SH3 - 3 , or SH3 - 5 type . This CBD , shared by lysostaphin ( a bacteriocin from Staphylococcus simulans bv . staphylolyticus ) and its homologue , hydrolase ALE - 1 , has been uncovered to recognize pentaglycine cross bridges in PG ( 68 69 ) . Therefore , the fact that most of the SH3 domains are found in - like endolysins is not surprising . The LysM domain is considered to be the CBD with the widest range of receptors , identified in more than 4,000 proteins of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes . It has been postulated that this domain binds to various types of PG and most likely recognizes the - acetylglucosamine moiety ( 70 ) . This is in agreement with our findings that show that LysM is always correlated to MurNAc - - GlcNAc glycosidase activity ( LYSO or GH25 ) , with the exception of three endolysins , in which LysM is joined with an amidase domain ( AMI - 2 or AMI - 3 type ) . Interestingly , the LysM domain is often found in double motifs , having a unique architecture of three motifs in the Lactobacillus phage Lb338 - 1 endolysin ( GH25 / LYSM / LYSM / LYSM ) . Endolysin modules containing the less abundant CPL - 7 are GH25 / Cpl - 7 / Cpl - 7 , NLPC - P60 / GH25 / Cpl - 7 , and NLPC - P60 / Cpl - 7 / GLUCO , present in phage ( phiCTP1 ) , phages ( Optimus and Baka ) , and phages ( SMP and 315.3 ) , respectively . Although CBD location is usually found at the N or C terminus , the aforementioned CBDs ( LYSM , CPL - 7 , and PG - 1 ) can also be located as central domains ( e.g. , mycobacteriophage Adjutor with NLPC - P60 / PG - 1 / PG - 1 / GH19 , phage SMP with NLPC / CPL - 7 / CPL - 7 / GLUCO , and phage phi - SsUD . 1 with AMI - 3 / LYSM / LYSM / NLPC - P60 ) . Concerning CHW ( clostridial hydrophobic with conserved W ) , it has been stated that this protein family is almost exclusively limited to the Clostridium acetobutylicum bacterial species ( 71 ) . Our results reveal only nine CHW domains detected in three and six phage endolysins . Curiously , this domain is always present in endolysins attached to an AMI - 2 - type domain and bears multi - CHW motif copies . The phage A2 endolysin has an AMI - 2 / CHW / CHW / CHW arrangement , while phages 949 , asccphi28 , and KSY1 contain the AMI - 2 / CHW / CHW modules . The acquirement of other uncommon CBD motifs , like LGFP , SPOR , FOG , and SLAP , can represent alternative ways for tighter binding by directing the catalytic cavity into target muropeptides or changes in species specificity . Remarkably , FOG motifs are characterized by having six CBD ( PF01473 ) repeats found only in six streptococcal phages ( Cp - 1 , Dp - 1 , EJ - 1 , MM1 , PH10 , and SM1 ) and one phage ( B054 ) . To our knowledge , these CBDs have never been characterized in the big pool of phage PGHs . CBDs โ evolutionary claims . An evolutionary relationship between S . pneumoniae autolysins and some streptococcal phage endolysins was originally proposed based on their significant nucleotide sequence similarities ( 72 ) . It was suggested that modular endolysins may have evolved by the interchange of phage and bacterial genes encoding individual modules ( 72 ) , gaining strong support after the creation of functional chimeric phage - bacterial enzymes , which consisted of one phage - and one bacterial - derived exolysin domain ( 73 74 ) . The recruitment and distribution of CBD through phage genomes ( ) can be correlated by different facts . ( i ) Specific CBD receptors may be restricted to a few bacteria . As the major role of endolysins is to enable progeny virions to be released from the host cell to ensure the effective release of phages , the CBDs may have evolved to target a unique and essential component of the host cell wall ( 75 ) . This would explain the variability of this module and the highly selective lytic activity of endolysins . Therefore , in some cases , CBDs can confer highly specific ligand recognition to endolysins , resulting in a very narrow substrate spectrum of the full - length endolysin , often limited to the host species or strain ( 76 ) or , to a lesser extent , genus specific ( 67 77 ) . Well - studied examples of ligand recognition are the pneumococcal endolysins derived from phages Cp - 1 ( Cpl - 1 endolysin ) , Dp - 1 ( PAL endolysin ) , and Ej - 1 ( Ej - 1 endolysin ) . Their corresponding CBDs specifically bind choline , which is present only in teichoic acids of the pneumococcal cell wall and which is essential for bacterial viability ( 52 78 ) . Also , the CBDs of the Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage endolysins Ply118 and Ply500 can bind to different serovar groups , as visualized by fusions with green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) , showing that they are correlated with the occurrence of somatic antigens related to these serovars ( ( ii ) Minimal disruption of normal flora . The reason for the presence of a CBD typically seen in G - like endolysins relies on the absence of an outer membrane in G bacteria . After external bacterial lysis , CBD maintains the endolysin tethered to the PG , making them unavailable for degrading any adjacent G PG from forthcoming potential hosts ( bacterial threshold ) , thereby not compromising phage survival ( 79 ) . The strong substrate specificity of the L . monocytogenes phage endolysins Ply118 and Ply500 of nanomolar affinities is in favor of this hypothesis , suggesting that they have evolved to bind irreversibly to their cell wall ligand ( ) . On the other hand , the presence of an outer membrane in G bacteria that impairs direct contact of the endolysin from the outside eliminates the need for a CBD in endolysins from phages infecting these bacteria . In our in silico analysis , we observed a predominant CBD distribution among G - infecting phages ( ) . genera represent the phage niche with the most diverse CBD collection ( PG - 1 , SH3 - 3 , SH3 - 5 , SH3b , CHW , LYSM , and SPOR ) . Excellent examples are phage endolysins with 3 CBDs , observed only in phage A2 ( AMI - 2 / CHW / CHW / CHW ) and phage Lb338 - 1 ( GH25 / LYSM / LYSM / LYSM ) , or endolysins containing different types of CBDs , as is the case for the phage phiAT3 endolysin ( GH25 / SH3 - 5 / LYSM ) . ( iii ) Catalytic activity regulator . Rather than binding to the cell wall , CBD - associated domains sometimes can play determining roles in the enzymatic efficiency by allowing enough substrate to reach the catalytic site . Other carbohydrate hydrolases , such as xylanases and cellulases that cleave insoluble carbohydrate polymers , share a similar modular architecture ( 80 ) , and their CBDs act by increasing enzyme - substrate proximity ( 81 ) . Equilibrium association constants of CBDs of phage endolysins Ply118 and Ply500 place them in the same range as affinity - matured antibodies against bacterial cell surface antigens . Interestingly , the deletion of their CBDs rendered enzymes with no muralytic activity ( ) . Also , the activity of a C - terminally truncated phage phi3626 endolysin was entirely abolished , emphasizing the important role that CBDs play in the enzyme ' s activity ( 82 ) . As opposed to previous observations , structural analysis of PlyL indicates that the C - terminal CBD not only targets the endolysin to a specific ligand but also inhibits the catalytic activity in the absence of the cognate substrate . It has been hypothesized that substrate recognition by the CBD of PlyL disrupts interactions between the CBD and the ECD , relieving the inhibitory effect on the latter ( 83 ) . These interdomain interactions are absent in the C - terminally truncated variant , converting the catalytic domain into a constitutively active domain . Therefore , B . subtilis , which is lacking the cognate target , is hydrolyzed more efficiently by the truncated form than by the full - length version . Consequently , the role of the CBD is variable , and therefore , each case must be examined individually . ( iv ) Is it possible to lose nonessential domains ? Though a multidomain architecture is indicative of a modular enzyme , it does not guarantee its functionality as a modular protein . An analogy comparison can be done for phage endolysins , in which the presence of a CBD does not often constitute a prerequisite for enzyme activity . Deletion of the CBD of the L . monocytogenes endolysin PlyPSA only reduces the lytic activity ( 84 ) . Also , the C - terminal domain of the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp . lactis bacteriophage LL - H endolysin can be removed without destroying the lytic activity ( 85 ) . C - terminal deletions of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage endolysins PlyTW and Ply187 , bacteriophage endolysin Ply511 , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens phage endolysin Morita2001 , Bacillus anthracis prophage endolysin PlyL , and Bacillus cereus phage endolysin Ply21 even increase the muralytic activity ( 50 83 86 88 ) . This pattern is also present in endolysins with dual lytic domains , for which , in theory , both should be equally active . Indeed , silent ECDs ( almost devoid of activity ) have been observed in several multi - ECD endolysins studied ( streptococcal phage lambdaSa2 and B30 and staphylococcal phage phi11 endolysins ) ( 89 91 ) . Interestingly , in all these cases , the N - terminal ECD encodes the active domain with the highest activity . Signal peptides and transmembrane domains within phage endolysins . The presence of N - terminal signal sequences in endolysins suggests an alternative to the lambda paradigm and thus provides a mode of action different from that of the great majority of endolysins to access the PG at the end of the lytic phage cycle . Signal sequences may enable transport of the endolysin through the inner membrane to achieve the periplasm in a holin - independent manner by making use of the host Sec machinery ( 24 27 77 Another alternative to the lambda paradigm is the SAR system , in which the endolysin possesses a noncleavable N - terminal type II signal anchor that remains part of the mature endolysin and stays embedded in the inner cell membrane in an inactive form ( 42 92 93 ) . Consequently , these endolysins require pinholins to cause a membrane depolarization to release the SAR anchor enabling the endolysin to get access to the cell wall ( 92 94 95 A SAR endolysin system alone is thought to be the most primitive phage - encoded lysis system , since , as a protein alone , it can still produce lysis of the cell without the need of any additional protein to achieve access to the PG . The pinholin - SAR endolysin system may thus constitute an intermediate step in the evolution of the canonical holin - endolysin two - component cell lysis system . Because the acquisition of a holin results in a more abrupt or saltatory time - determined lysis , this provides a selective advantage for phage From the created PGH database , 71 endolysins were predicted to present a signal peptide . The search for the presence of SAR domains revealed 103 endolysins presenting an N - terminal transmembrane domain , 38 of which have a high Gly / Ala content ( 40 % to 60 % ) and fewer than three basic residues ( 96 ) . These endolysins were annotated as presenting a putative SAR sequence and are listed in Fig . 4 . From the 38 endolysins containing predicted SAR sequences , roughly 85 % are of the LYSO type , suggesting that this type of PGH is the most primitive . While phage endolysins presenting an N - terminal signal peptide are distributed randomly among all phage families infecting different hosts , phage endolysins with predicted SAR sequences are encoded only by phages infecting G bacteria ( mostly Enterobacteriaceae hosts ) , with the exception of four lactococcal phage endolysins . Unusual genetic endolysin organization . Usually , all phage endolysins , exolysins , and bacterial autolysins are products of single genes . However , within the studied genomes , nine phages were found to present two ORFs encoding endolysins presenting three uncommon features . First , the genomes from Gordonia phages GRU1 and GTE5 and from phage 315.6 contain two ORFs coding for an endolysin . However , they were considered a single product since the concatenated gene products present homology with single proteins from other systems . It was recently suggested that they were once encoded by a single gene or possibly fused in other systems ( 97 ) . Second , the phages Enterococcus phiEf11 , Microcystis Ma - LMM01 , M102 , Thermus P23 - 77 , and CBS2 and SPM2 encode two predicted endolysins often found in adjacent genes and proximate to the putative holin ORF . Since no homology was found with single products , one possible scenario is that these phages can harbor two distinct endolysins with different cleavage sites that act simultaneously . The presence of a double lytic system in KSY1 , containing two holins ( ORF 53b and ORF 72 ) and two endolysins ( ORF 53a and ORF 73 ) , can reinforce this hypothesis ( 98 ) . The third group reported here relates to endolysins formed as a product of two adjacent genes containing group I introns , as reported for the staphylococcal phage endolysins X2 , G1 , and 85 ( 99 ) or staphylokinase in phage phiNM3 . Concerning these endolysins , there is no report of these ORFs encoding a functional protein besides their homology with a NUMOD4 motif and an HNH endonuclease or staphylokinase in phage phiNM3 . These putative introns raise questions regarding their role in phage genome evolution . It has been suggested that introns can be involved in the process of exonization of intronic sequences or exon shuffling ( 100 ) . In these cases , as introns are located between two different lytic domains , they probably enhance the chances of domain recombination in these regions , increasing the chances of exon shuffling . Cladogram phage - host - endolysin relationship . To comprehend the possible evolutionary position of phage endolysins , a maximum likelihood tree was constructed . By analyzing the cladogram ( Fig . 5 ) , we were able to perceive the great variety of endolysin domain structures , generally with conserved ECDs and little homology within the CBDs . Interestingly , there is no distinct clade organization , which shows that the tree is not conceived by just one factor , such as phage family , host , or ECD . For tailed phages , the parameter that is apparently more important for the cladogram organization is the endolysins ' domain architecture , which is visible on the highlighted clades โ the more - robust clades . Regarding nontailed phage endolysins , - like endolysins from contain an SLT catalytic domain and , as expected , they are in the same evolutionary clade . However , it was reported that , despite the amount of similar genomes , one of the major differences was observed when comparing their lytic enzymes ( 101 ) . Oppositely , Cystoviridae Pseudomonas - like endolysins appear not to be conserved , as they are dispersed over the tree . Concluding remarks . The ubiquity and huge genetic diversity found in phages are a result of both vertical and horizontal evolution . Through these processes , phages have acquired different lytic systems employing PG - degrading enzymes to fight a diversified and changeable bacterial cell wall . Therefore , endolysins can be seen as an important result of phage evolution to permit rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions . The fact that PG degradation leads to bacterial death has intensified a particular interest in the study of endolysins in an era in which the threat of antibiotic and multiresistant bacteria is increasing and The work presented herein provides the first complete list of all known endolysins encoded by dsNA completely sequenced phage genomes as well their structure and predicted mechanisms of action . Novel endolysins and endolysin domains are here described , and further biological studies are needed to understand their molecular and biological basis . Through an increasing knowledge on protein design and with better molecular biology tools available , it is expected that more engineered endolysins can make the transition from the proof - of - principle stage to industrial and medical use . The annotation of ECDs within endolysins is an important issue and thus far has been less than optimal . Simply calling all endolysins lysozymes as a generic term for PGHs has created historical misconception . Unfortunately , this older nomenclature persists . We intend to resolve previous issues in nomenclature and would like to encourage a universal annotation of phage endolysins and even the creation of an endolysin database . Only then can we begin to understand and appreciate the fascinating meticulous evolutionary histories that individual phages have taken to lyse host cells and facilitate the virus egress at the end of its lytic cycle . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by a grant from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology in the scope of the projects PTDC / AGR - ALI / 100492 / 2008 and PTDC / AGR - ALI / 121057 / 2010 . Hugo Oliveira , Luรญs D . R . Melo , and Sรญlvio B . Santos acknowledge the FCT grants SFRH / BD / 63734 / 2009 , SFRH / BD / 66166 / 2009 , and SFRH / BPD / 75311 / 2010 , respectively . FOOTNOTES Received 30 November 2012 . Accepted 1 February 2013 . Accepted manuscript posted online 13 February 2013 . Address correspondence to Leon D . Kluskens , kluskens { at } deb . uminho . pt H.O. and L.D.R.M. contributed equally to this article . Supplemental material for this article may be found at http : / / dx . doi . org / 10.1128 / JVI . 03277 - 12 REFERENCES 1 . โต Skurnik M Strauch E 2006 Phage therapy : facts and fiction Int . J . Med . Microbiol . 296 14 CrossRef Medline Google Scholar 2 . โต Rohwer F 2003 Global phage diversity Cell 113 141 CrossRef Medline Google Scholar 3 . Ackermann HW 2007 5500 phages examined in the electron microscope Arch . Virol . 152 227 243 4 . Brussow H Hendrix RW 2002 Phage genomics : small is beautiful Cell 108 13 16 5 . Suttle CA 2005 Viruses in the sea Nature 437 356 361 6 . Comeau AM Hatfull GF Krisch HM Lindell D Mann NH Prangishvili D 2008 Exploring the prokaryotic virosphere Res . Microbiol . 159 306 313 7 . 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Cheng X Zhang X Pflugrath JW Studier FW 1994 The structure of bacteriophage T7 lysozyme , a zinc amidase and an inhibitor of T7 RNA polymerase 91 4034 4038 50 . Loessner Gaeng Wendlinger Maier SK Scherer 1998 The two - component lysis system of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage Twort : a large TTG - start holin and an associated amidase endolysin FEMS Microbiol . Lett . 162 265 274 51 . Sudiarta IP Fukushima Sekiguchi Bacillus subtilis CwlP of the SP - ฮฒ prophage has two novel peptidoglycan hydrolase domains , muramidase and cross - linkage digesting DD - endopeptidase J . Biol . Chem . 285 41232 41243 52 . Sheehan MM Garcia JL Lopez Garcia 1997 The lytic enzyme of the pneumococcal phage Dp - 1 : a chimeric lysin of intergeneric origin Mol . Microbiol . 25 717 725 53 . Boyce JD Davidson BE Hillier AJ 1995 Identification of prophage genes expressed in lysogens of the Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage BK5 - T Appl . Environ . Microbiol . 61 4099 4104 54 . Payne KM Mycobacteriophage endolysins : diverse and modular enzymes with multiple catalytic activities PLoS One e34052 10.1371 / journal . pone . 0034052 55 . Wright GD Molinas Arthur Courvalin Walsh CT 1992 Characterization of VanY , a dd - carboxypeptidase from vancomycin - resistant Enterococcus faecium BM4147 Antimicrob . Agents Chemother . 1514 1518 56 . Wendlinger Scherer Heterogeneous endolysins in Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophages : a new class of enzymes and evidence for conserved holin genes within the siphoviral lysis cassettes Mol . Microbiol . 1231 1241 57 . Mikoulinskaia GV Odinokova IV Zimin AA Lysanskaya VY Feofanov SA Stepnaya OA 2009 Identification and characterization of the metal ion - dependent - alanoyl - - glutamate peptidase encoded by bacteriophage T5 FEBS J . 276 7329 7342 58 . Nelson Schuch Chahales Zhu PlyC : a multimeric bacteriophage lysin 103 10765 10770 59 . 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Lavollay Arthur Fourgeaud Dubost Marie Veziris Blanot Gutmann Mainardi JL The peptidoglycan of stationary - phase Mycobacterium tuberculosis predominantly contains cross - links generated by l , d - transpeptidation 190 4360 4366 66 . Hu Kong Kong Guo Ji Characterization of a novel LysM domain from Lactobacillus fermentum bacteriophage endolysin and its use as an anchor to display heterologous proteins on the surfaces of lactic acid bacteria 76 2410 2418 67 . Kramer Ebel C - terminal domains of bacteriophage murein hydrolases determine specific recognition and high - affinity binding to bacterial cell wall carbohydrates 335 349 68 . Grundling Schneewind Cross - linked peptidoglycan mediates lysostaphin binding to the cell wall envelope of 188 2463 2472 69 . Lu JZ Fujiwara Komatsuzawa Sugai Sakon Cell wall - targeting domain of glycylglycine endopeptidase distinguishes among peptidoglycan cross - bridges 281 549 558 70 . Buist Steen Kok Kuipers OP LysM , a widely distributed protein motif for binding to ( peptido ) glycans 68 838 847 71 . Sullivan Paredes CJ Papoutsakis ET Bennett GN Analysis of the clostridial hydrophobic with a conserved tryptophan family ( ChW ) of proteins in Clostridium acetobutylicum with emphasis on ChW14 and ChW16 / 17 Enzyme Microb . Technol . 29 43 72 . E Arraras Sanchez - Puelles JM 1988 Molecular evolution of lytic enzymes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophages 85 914 918 73 . Diaz 1990 Chimeric phage - bacterial enzymes : a clue to the modular evolution of genes 87 8125 8129 74 . Diaz 1991 Chimeric pneumococcal cell wall lytic enzymes reveal important physiological and evolutionary traits 266 5464 5471 75 . Novel method to control pathogenic bacteria on human mucous membranes Ann . N . Y . Acad . Sci . 987 207 214 76 . Perez - Dorado Campillo NE Monterroso Hesek Lee Paez JA Martinez - Ripoll Mobashery Menendez Hermoso Elucidation of the molecular recognition of bacterial cell wall by modular pneumococcal phage endolysin CPL - 1 282 24990 24999 77 . Maier SK Daubek - Puza 1997 Three bacteriophage endolysins are unrelated but reveal high homology to cell wall hydrolases from different bacilli 179 2845 2851 78 . Saiz Lopez - Zumel Monterroso Varea Arrondo Iloro Laynez Menendez Characterization of Ejl , the cell - wall amidase coded by the pneumococcal bacteriophage Ej - 1 Protein Sci . 11 1788 1799 79 . Bacteriophage lysins as effective antibacterials Curr . Opin . Microbiol . 11 393 400 80 . Khosla Harbury PB Modular enzymes Nature 409 247 252 81 . Bolam DN Ciruela McQueen - Mason Simpson Williamson MP Rixon JE Boraston Hazlewood GP Gilbert HJ cellulose - binding domains mediate their effects by increasing enzyme substrate proximity Biochem . J . 331 775 781 82 . Zimmer Vukov The murein hydrolase of the bacteriophage phi3626 dual lysis system is active against all tested Clostridium perfringens strains 5311 5317 83 . Low LY Yang Perego Osterman Liddington RC Structure and lytic activity of a Bacillus anthracis prophage endolysin 280 35433 35439 84 . Korndorfer IP Danzer Schmelcher Zimmer Skerra The crystal structure of the bacteriophage PSA endolysin reveals a unique fold responsible for specific recognition of cell walls 364 678 689 85 . Vasala Valkkila Caldentey Alatossava Genetic and biochemical characterization of the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp . lactis bacteriophage LL - H lysin 4004 4011 86 . Gaeng Evidence for a holin - like protein gene fully embedded out of frame in the endolysin gene of bacteriophage 187 181 4452 4460 87 . Morita Tanji Y Orito Mizoguchi Soejima Unno Functional analysis of antibacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens phage endolysin against Gram - negative bacteria FEBS Lett . 500 59 88 . Neve Gene cloning and expression and secretion of bacteriophage - lytic enzymes in 66 2951 2958 89 . Donovan DM Foster - Frey LambdaSa2 prophage endolysin requires Cpl - 7 - binding domains and amidase - 5 domain for antimicrobial lysis of streptococci 287 33 90 . Donovan DM Foster - Frey Rousseau GM Moineau The cell lysis activity of the bacteriophage B30 endolysin relies on the cysteine , histidine - dependent amidohydrolase / peptidase domain 5108 5112 91 . Horgan O ' Flynn Garry Cooney Coffey Fitzgerald Ross RP McAuliffe Phage lysin LysK can be truncated to its CHAP domain and retain lytic activity against live antibiotic - resistant staphylococci 75 872 874 92 . Xu Arulandu Struck DK Swanson Sacchettini JC Disulfide isomerization after membrane release of its SAR domain activates P1 lysozyme Science 307 113 117 93 . Briers Peeters LM Volckaert The lysis cassette of bacteriophage varphiKMV encodes a signal - arrest - release endolysin and a pinholin Bacteriophage 1 30 94 . Park Dankenbring The pinholin of lambdoid phage 21 : control of lysis by membrane depolarization 189 9135 9139 95 . Pang Savva CG Fleming KG Structure of the lethal phage pinhole 106 18966 18971 96 . Lee CN Lin JW Chow TY Tseng YH Weng SF A novel lysozyme from Xanthomonas oryzae phage varphiXo411 active against Xanthomonas Stenotrophomonas Protein Expr . Purif . 229 237 97 . Petrovski Tillett Seviour RJ Genome sequences and characterization of the related phages GTE5 and GRU1 and their use as potential biocontrol agents 78 47 98 . Chopin Deveau Ehrlich SD Chopin KSY1 , a lactococcal phage with a T7 - like transcription Virology 365 99 . Becker SC Stodola AJ Anacker Differentially conserved staphylococcal SH3b_5 cell wall binding domains confer increased staphylolytic and streptolytic activity to a streptococcal prophage endolysin domain Gene 443 32 41 100 . Schmidt EE Davies CJ The origins of polypeptide domains Bioessays 262 270 101 . Saren Ravantti JJ Benson SD Burnett RM Paulin Bamford DH JK A snapshot of viral evolution from genome analysis of the family 350 427 440 Copyright ยฉ 2013 , American Society for Microbiology . All Rights Reserved . | [
"Bacteriophage Endolysins",
"Molecular Aspects",
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http://jwhill.com/?page_id=42 | John W . Hill , Managing Partner Mr . Hill spent 25 years in various technical and leadership roles at Fortune 500 aerospace and electronics companies before founding JW Hill Capital in 2011 . His expertise spans enterprise leadership , operations , strategic planning , business development , sales , technology commercialization , product development , and buy - side M&A . Originally from Oklahoma and Texas , Mr . Hill began his career with Honeywell ( formerly Allied Signal ) in their Kansas City division , ultimately running their navigation and communication business . He joined Rockwell Collins in 2001 and spent a decade with the company in various key positions , including leadership of their Orange County , California - based business aviation division . Earlier in his career , Mr . Hill founded two successful companies , an energy management business and a commercial real estate venture . Mr . Hill earned his Master of Science , Electrical Engineering , from Oklahoma State University and Bachelor of Science , Physics , from Southern Nazarene University . He is a commercial , multi - engine , instrument - rated pilot . His interests include sailing , flying , photography , and local community involvement . Neal C . Nordstrom , Operating Partner Mr . Nordstrom has over 25 years in executive , technical , business development and operations management roles with an emphasis on contract manufacturing for medical device , power generation , dental implant and aerospace industries . During this time Mr . Nordstrom served as President and CEO of Veridiam , leading the company through a divestiture from Carpenter Technology Corporation and building the business both organically and by completing three add - on acquisitions . Prior to that , as a senior leader within Carpenter Technology Corporation , he served as General Manager of Carpenter โ s Special Products Mr . Nordstrom is currently CEO of two JW Hill Capital portfolio companies โ Aerospace Contacts and Bandy Manufacturing . In these roles , he focuses on helping the newly acquired businesses make the transition to fully functioning , high performance teams . Aerospace Contacts was acquired from the founder / owner in January 2016 and Bandy Manufacturing was acquired from GKN Aerospace in August 2017 . He also supports two , privately held , high technology companies in southern California as a member of their Board of Directors . Mr . Nordstrom earned his Bachelors of Science degree in Materials Science and Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his Masters of Business Administration in Finance from San Diego State University . He served five years in the U.S. Navy on two nuclear - powered cruisers based in San Diego . | [
"JW Hill Capital",
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http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/EMT725/CarlCone/SolutionPaula.html | Pattern for a Truncated Cone : Paula wants to create a smaller , thinner truncated cone . The diameter of the base will be 2 inches and the diameter of the top will be .25 inches . The height will be 7 inches . As before , think about extending the conical figure up to a point and put it Paula ' s numbers . That is , this pedestal is formed by cutting off a cone with a base having a diameter of .25 inches . The completed cone looks like the following : I have labeled a few lengths in the figure because they will be useful later . The idea is to know the values of h , a , and b and then roll the figure out flat . First , h . h + 7 is the altitude of the whole cone and h is the altitude of the little cone . Now , we have similar triangles and so So , h = 1 - - that is the altitude of the little cone , and the altitude of the big cone is 8 . By using the Pythagorean relation for the right triangles , we can determine the lengths of the lateral sides of the cones and the pedestal . or since a computationally simpler approach would be to use So which is approximately 1.008 inches or about 1 1 / 250 inches . Then from the large cone So , which is approximately 8.062 inches . This is about 8 1 / 16 incles . Now , the pattern we want to lay out flat is cut from a circle of radius 8.062 inches and we remove a piece of a circle of radius 1.008 inches ( the small cone ) . Like this : What is left to determine is how big is the angle from A around to B to get the arc length of around the base . In order to determine the angle we use the relation that the arc length is given by where r is the radius and the angle is in radians . Therefore , Multiply by the conversion factor to get degree measure and you have : In other words Paula ' s sector from which she will form the truncated cone begins with a circle of radius 8 1 / 16 inches and uses a sector of approximately 45 degrees . ( For constructions with paper or other materials , we would use a slightly larger angle to allow the overlap to provide a seam . ) Now , to make the pattern , draw a circle of radius 8.06 and a smaller circle of radius 1.008 . Begin with any radius , and then measure an angle of 45 degrees . Cut out the yellow figure and join the two sides together . These calculations could also be done with the spread sheet found by clicking HERE and entering the values of 7 , .125 , and 1 in the appropriate green boxes . | [
"Paula",
"truncated cone"
] |
http://jxncti.com/ | JX Nippon Chemical Texas Incorporated JX NCTI is a part of JXTG Holdings Inc specialty chemical division Since JX NCTI started operations out of the Pasadena Texas facility in 1993 under the name Nisseki Chemical Texas Incorporated JX NCTI has distinguished itself globally into the two specialty chemical businesses of ENB Ethylidene Norbornene SAS Specialty Aromatic Solvent Onsite there are two production units of ENB Ethylidene Norbornene SAS Specialty Aromatic Solvent within the specialty chemical division under the Oil Energy business sector JXTG Nippon Oil Energy Corporation The first specialty chemical business within JX NCTI is SAS Specialty Aromatic Solvents located on the Pasadena Texas site SASs product line is globally recognized in the markets they serve the products include high voltage capacitor fluid heat transfer fluid compressor wash oil carbonless copy paper solvent flame retardant solvents solvents for fertilizer and insecticide applications low odor low VOC formulary solvent applications and proprietary chemistries that solve unmet needs of the customer The second specialty chemical business onsite is ENB Ethylidene Norbornene ENB is primarily used in the production of certain grades of EPDM rubber Markets Solutions JXNCTI produces SAS Specialty Aromatic Solvents ENB Ethylidene Norbornene and Other Products | [
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"ENB",
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http://k2radio.com/2018-wyoming-general-election-voter-guide/ | 2018 Wyoming Natrona County General Election Voter Guide Tom Morton November 5 2018 105210 AM PST Tom Morton Townsquare Media Wyomings general election will be held Tuesday November 6th These are the candidates that are on the ballots in Natrona County For more information about statewide races visit the Wyoming Secretary of States website All contested races have the option of writing in an alternate candidate Not all the questions and races are listed on all ballots depending on where you liveFor more information about the local election visit the Natrona County Clerks website where you can enter your address find your polling place and see a sample ballot for where you live Click Here To Find Your Polling Place To Vote For examples the fire protection district directors races are not on the ballots for the City of Casper and other municipalities with the exception of the Town of Edgerton With the exception of the Natrona County Commission race all candidates for countywide offices are Republicans and are unopposed We have enclosed links to the statewide candidates websites or Facebook pages in which the races are contested UNITED STATES SENATE John Barrasso Republican Gary Trauner Democratic Joseph Porambo Libertarian UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE Liz Cheney Republican Greg Hunter Democratic Richard Brubaker Libertarian Daniel Clyde Cummings Constitution Party STATEWIDE OFFICES GOVERNOR Mark Gordon Republican Mary Throne Democratic Lawrence Gerard Struempf Libertarian Rex Rammell Constitution Party SECRETARY OF STATE Edward Buchanan Republican James W Byrd Democratic Kit Carson III Libertarian STATE AUDITOR Kristi Racines Republican Jeff Dockter Democratic STATE TREASURER Curt Meier Republican SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION Jillian Balow Republican WYOMING SENATE four year term DISTRICT 27 Bill Landen Republican DISTRICT 29 Drew Perkins Republican WYOMING HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES two year term Joe MacGuire Republican DISTRICT 36 Art Washut Republican Debbie Bovee Democratic DISTRICT 37 Steve Harshman Republican DISTRICT 38 Tom Walters Republican DISTRICT 56 Jerry Obermueller Republican DISTRICT 57 Chuck Gray Republican Jane Ifland Democratic DISTRICT 58 Patrick Pat Sweeney Republican DISTRICT 59 Bunky Loucks Republican Laurie L Longtine Democratic NATRONA COUNTY PROPOSITIONS OPTIONAL 1 SALES AND USE TAX It is hearby proposed that the Board of County Commissioners of Natrona County State of Wyoming be authorized to continue an optional sales tax within the county at a rate of 1 upon retail sales and other transactions excluding food authorized by statute to be taxed The optional sales tax has been in place for 43 years and the receipts of this tax are shared by municipalities and Natrona County Government based on populationThe money is used for operations and capital projects as determined by the elected officials of the respective governments For the County Sales and Use Tax Against the County Sales and Use Tax 4 LODGING TAX This tax is paid by visitors staying in hotels motels campgrounds and similar establishments providing temporary quarters or space for transient guests Unless stayng in these establishments residents of Natrona County do not pay this tax School groups and other tax exempt entities do not pay this tax Shall the Board of County Commissioners of Natrona County State of Wyoming be authorized to enact this tax For the County Lodging Tax Against the county Lodging Tax JUDGE OF THE SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT six year term Shall Judge CATHERINE E WILKING be retained in office JUDGE OF THE SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT CIRCUIT COURT four year term Shall Judge MICHAEL N PATCHEN be retained in office COUNTY COMMISSION four year term vote for not more three Paul C Bertoglio Republican Robert L Hendry Republican Jim Milne Republican Terry Wingerter Democratic Richard Rick Young Independent DISTRICT ATTORNEY 7th JUDICIAL DISTRICT Dan Itzen Republican NATRONA COUNTY ASSESSOR Matthew Keating Republican NATRONA COUNTY CLERK Tracy Good Republican NATRONA COUNTY CLERK OF DISTRICT COURT Anne Volin Republican NATRONA COUNTY CORONER Connie Jacobson Republican NATRONA COUNTY SHERIFF Gus Holbrook Republican NATRONA COUNTY TREASURER Tom Doyle Republican CASPER COLLEGE BOARD OF TRUSTEES nonpartisan four year term vote for not more than three Kathy Dolan Tim S Kugler Sue Schilling Steve Degenfelder two year unexpired term vote for one NATRONA COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT Board of Trustees nonpartisan four year term vote for not more than four Cameron Allen David Applegate Clark Jensen Gerald King Travis Marshall Debbie McCullar Kianna Smith CITY OF CASPER nonpartisan four year term WARD I vote for not more than one Jacquie R Anderson Khrystyn Lutz WARD I two year unexpired term vote for not more than one Michael E Huber Aimee Kidd WARD II four year term vote for not more than one Shawn Johnson Mark P Kawa WARD II two year unexpired term vote for not more than one Kenneth Bates William P Knight Jr WARD III four year term vote for not more than two Steven Freel Pete Owen Ray Pacheco TOWN OF BAR NUNN nonpartisan TOWN COUNCIL four year term vote for not more than two Stoney Busch Robert W Hoover Teri Kelly MAYOR four year term vote for not more than one Patrick R Ford TOWN OF EVANSVILLE nonpartisan four year term vote for not more than two MAYOR four year term vote for one Jennifer Sorenson TOWN COUNCIL Chad Edwards Joseph A Knop TOWN COUNCIL two year unexpired term vote for one Aaron Vigneault TOWN OF MILLS nonpartisan MAYOR four year term vote for one Seth M Coleman Mike Pyatt TOWN COUNCIL four yearterm vote for not more than two James Hollander Darla R Ive s FIRE DISTRICTS NATRONA COUNTY FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT DIRECTORS nonpartisan Dean A Jackett CASPER MOUNTAIN FIRE DISTRICT DIRECTORS nonpartisan vote for two Dick Brehm David Mowry Margo Spurrier NATRONA COUNTY CONSERVATION DISTRICT SUPERVISOR nonpartisan vote for not more than two Andrew C Anderson Tammy Cobb Filed Under candidates election general election vote voter guide Categories Casper News K2 Morning Show Politics Comments Leave A Comment Casper 28 December 30 2018 35300 PM PST December 30 2018 35300 PM PST December 30 2018 35300 PM PST K2 Radio is Now Available on Amazon AlexaEnabled Devices Recommended for You | [
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http://k8schoollessons.com/courses-of-a-river/ | Home Key Stage 2 Year 5 Y5 Geography Year 5 Geography Lessons Y5 Physical Geography Lessons River Landscape River Landscape Rivers are flowing bodies of waters . There are rivers on every continent ( except Antarctica ) . A river basically , has three parts . We call them the courses of a river . This lesson on river landscape ( also called riverscape ) explains to you about these courses or stages of a river and their wildlife . Where do rivers begin ? Most rivers begin in hills or mountains . Where do rivers end ? Rivers flow down to the sea and end there . Many plant and animals live in or near rivers . River Landscape Uses of rivers Rivers are an important part of the Earth โ s water cycle They carry huge quantities of water from the land to the sea They provide a home , drinking water , and / or a hunting ground for many organisms Furthermore , rivers provide drinking water , irrigation water , transportation , hydro - electrical power , drainage , food , and recreation opportunities In this lesson we are going to learn about the courses of a river and their wild life . Courses of a river and River Wildlife Upper Course The upper course of a river is often in steep , mountain areas . This section of a river is cold , clear and fast - flowing . It has a very steep slope . When the river flows down through the upper course the river channel becomes narrow . This creates vertical erosion forming a V - shaped valley . Waterfalls are also , usually formed at this stage . Rivers with steep slopes form valleys with steep walls and a bottom . Valleys formed by shallower slopes may be broader and gentler . Upper course wildlife moss covered boulders ( A large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin ) Salmon and sea trout may well lay their eggs in these headwaters Highland birds like peregrine falcons and dippers can be found nearby Trout sometimes known as the Troutbeck Many insects such as stonefly and mayfly species otters and grey wagtails Insect larvae live in the water and adults fly around the area Middle Course Rivers often meander ( follow a winding path ) along their middle course . It is less steep and has a moderate flow of water . The bottom becomes a mixture of silt and gravel . We call this deposition . At this stage small meanders or bends and small flood plains can be formed . Oxbow lakes may also be formed . Middle course wildlife Trout can be found in the Middle Course of the river A variety of birds including the kingfisher live here Salmon and minnows eat water shrimps , crayfish and insects Kingfishers and herons eat salmon and minnows Mammals like otters are carnivorous predators and eating mainly frogs and fish Lower Course The Lower Course is where the river flows gently because of its gentle slope , and also it looks like a lake habitat . This winding lowland parts of a river contain muddy , slightly warmer water , which flows more slowly . Plants grow in the bed of the river and at its edges . It also contains a deposition . Large meanders , large flood plains as well as oxbow lakes can be formed at this stage . This river has meanders with large winding bends Lower course wildlife Dragonflies Many other species of insects Pike Perch Roach Bream Swans Moorhen Water voles Other stages of a river a ) Estuary b ) Meanders c ) Tributaries d ) Waterfall e ) Oxbow Lake f ) Flood plain g ) Marsh h ) Delta Hope you โ ve enjoyed learning about river landscape ! Written By : K8School | [
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"Upper Course",
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http://kaheel7.com/eng/index.php/health-a-medicine/78-healing-by-dates- | Healing by Dates Prophet Muhammad PBUH gave a special attention for Dates as part of the believers diet especially during the Holy month Ramadan Allah Almighty mentioned Palm trees many times in the Quraan and made it the food of the dwellers of Paradise So what are the secrets of this great nutriment Is it possible to think of using dates as remedy for some diseases What do scientists of today say about dates Dates are one of the most nourishing fruits and Its called sometimes Bread of Desert More than two third of dates weight is natural sugar This fruit was highly esteemed by the ancient civilizations more than 5000 years ago ancient Egyptians considered dates as a symbol of fertility while the Romans and the Greeks used it to ornament their stately triumph pageants 1 Today dates are widelygrown in the Arabian Peninsula Iran Egypt Iraq Spain Italy and the United States There are more than 600 varieties of dates 2 Next we are going to explore the usefulness of dates to humans throughout the different stages of their lives Dates and the Prebirth period Dates stimulate the uterus by regulating And brisking its contractions which facilitate delivery The uterus is a relatively large muscular organ and it urgently requires an adequate supply of natural sugar during labor and delivery Being laxative dates are essential for pregnant women before delivery in order to purge the colon and intestine and to facilitate delivery The miraculousness of the Quranic verse shows evidently as Allah tells Mary And shake the trunk of the palm tree towards thee thou wilt cause ripe dates to fall upon thee Mariam 25 Nutriment and medicine for children Dates contain natural sugar which is easily absorbed and digested thus it is safe and comforting for childrens stomach and intestine And the dates juice is useful especially if we mix it with Milk to become very nourishing and restorative drink for children and adults Dates and honey paste is used for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery in children but it should be taken three times a day This paste also comforts and hardening the gums during teething and facilitates the process It is advisable to purchase the good varieties of dates and to wash them thoroughly before use especially when used as food or remedy for children Here we should mention the prophetic tradition of Al Tahneek rubbing the newborns mouth with a wellchewed date and feeding him with it Science has proved that giving the newborn some sugar dissolved in water provides the child with the necessary nutrition and improves their immunity against diseases And when we know that sugar in dates is the most easily absorbed and digested type of sugar so it will be suitable nutriment for newborns but the dates should be wellchewed or soaked in water to be easy for the newborn to take This proves that the great prophet PBUH preceded todays doctors to this type of nutrition Its no wonder that he preceded them as he is the messenger of their God An effective treatment for constipation Dates can be used in the treatment of intestinal disturbances and it also helps the intestine perform their function effectively and helps establishing a colony of friendly bacteria in the intestines Dates are also highly beneficial in the treatment of constipation as the roughage provided by it stimulates sluggish bowels They should be immersed in water at night and taken after making them into fine syrup the next morning to secure laxative effect 3 A Remedy for Sexual Debility Date syrup can be used as a treatment for weak heart It can also be use for the treatment of sexual weakness When its mixed with milk and honey dates can be used as a tonic for the treatment of sexual disturbances for both sexes And such syrup strengthens the body and raises its energy levels The elderly would benefit from this syrup too It improves their stamina and purges their bodies from the toxins that have accumulated in their cells along the years An Ideal Nutriment for Fasters It was very weird that western physicians who treat their patients by fasting advise them by taking the natural sugar in fruits and water when breaking the fast 4 And when we know that dates contain a high ratio of such easilyabsorbed sugar then dates and water are the best nutriments for fasters Here we remember the Hadith of our prophet PBUH When any of you breaks his fasting he should eat dates cause dates are blessing if he didnt find dates then drink water cause water is purifying Narrated by Abo DawoodHere we see that the prophet PBUH showed us the principles of effective fasting by eating dates and drinking water at breakfast centuries before Westerns The prophetic wisdom out of having Dates for breakfast might be reduce the hunger and consequently reduce the amounts of food consumed therefore the fasting will be effective and useful And if we remember that fasting consider the best weapon to excise toxics out of the body then having dates toxinresistive when you break your fast represent a real integrated treatment against weakness and fatigue resulted from the accumulation of toxic chemicals and heavy metals in the cells of the body A Treatment for Obesity The wide variety of nutritious elements in dates makes it hungerresistive And when we know that the cause behind Obesity is a persisting feeling of hunger and an appetite for food which drives a person to consume larger amounts of fats and sugar when he eat his meal So treatment by eating few dates when feeling hungry helps reduce hunger and be filled These dates will provide the body with the necessary sugar and stimulate the intestine which reduce hunger greatly and eventually reduce food consumption The miraculousness of the prophets saying shows as he said A household that has dates doesnt feel hunger narrated by Muslim We can conclude that dates can be used to treat Obesity A Remedy for Lever and Inflammations Dates remedy Lever and purge it from toxins Breaking the fast with dates is one of the most magnificent of natural remedies for the maintenance and purging the Lever from accumulated toxins And also drinking dates juice could be used in the treatment of sore throat various types of fever rhinorrhia and common cold 5 A Remedy for Intoxication Dates are an excellent remedy for alcoholic intoxication In such a case drinking water in which fresh dates have been rubbed or soaked will bring quick relief3 Here wed like to mention one of the prophets PBUH Hadith in which he referred to dates as a remedy for intoxication Prophet PBUH said Who eats 7 pressed dates in the morning will not be inflected with witchcraft or poisoning that day Narrated by Abu Dawood If we deeply study the medical implications of the Hadith we realize its miraculousness 1 The prophet PBUH used the number 7 This number has significance in the universe the Quran and the prophetic tradition Its enough to know that the first number mentioned in the Quran was Number 7 2 Seven dates weigh approximately 100 grams which provides a sufficient intake of a wide variety of minerals salts and vitamins for the body 3 This amount is sufficient to purge the body from the accumulated toxins in the cells like heavy metals lead as an example The accumulation of toxins has increased nowadays due to widespread water air and food pollution 4 The Hadith implicitly referred to the toxins entering the body as Poison He also indicated that eating dates reduces the dangers such toxins impose the body to 5 As for the word Witchcraft only God knows what was meant with it 6 The Hadith doesnt imply that taking poison after eating seven dates would be completely harmless In fact doing this deliberately is considered as harming ones self on purpose and this is forbidden in Islam But we have to undersand that Hadith means that eating seven dates each morning reduces the harmful effects of toxicants In order to make the process more effective regularity with eating seven dates in the morning should be maintained As our Prophet PBUH asked us to do And we should understand from the Hadith that eating dates everyday regularly And in order will effect our psychological state and make it more stable God only know the truth Date in numbers Having high medical and nutritious value dates are expected to be the best food for the future Dates contain as high a percentage as 88 of carbohydrate starch 255 of fat 2356 of Protein and 64115 of Vitamins and dietary fibre The flesh contains 02 5 of oil whereas the seeds weight is 77 97 oil The weight of the seed is 66 142 of the dates weight Dates contain Vitamins A B1 and B2 And contain Fluorine who defeats teeth decay Other minerals that are found in various proportions in dates include boron calcium cobalt copper iron magnesium manganese potassium phosphorous sodium and zinc Additionally the seeds contain aluminum cadmium chloride lead and sulphur in various proportions Selenium element believed to help prevent cancer and important in immune function is also found in dates For all of the previously mentioned benefits date is the ideal food for the future The fruits production has increased 3 times over 40 years whereas the world population has only doubled an indication to the rapid growth of the production of this ideal fruit1 Conclusion Dear Believer if you are feeling weak dont hesitate to take 7 dates in the morning as the prophet PBUH recommended those Seven dates weigh around 70 gm so if you take them then you actually took 70 milligrams of calcium which is very useful for the bones joints and nerves 35 milligrams of phosphorus which is nutritious to the brain and 7 milligrams of iron which is strengthens the body in general and the heart in particular By Abduldaem AlKaheel wwwkaheel7comeng Sources 1 httpwwwncbinlmnihgoventrezqueryfcgicmdRetrievedbPubMedlist_uids12850886doptAbstract 2 httpwwweverything2comindexplnodedate 3 httpwwwindiangyancombookshealthbooksfood_that_healdateshtml 4 httpwwwfastingcomindexhtml 5 httpwwwhortpurdueedunewcropmortonDatehtmlOrigin20and20Distribution 6 httpwwwdipbotunictitPalmsdescr02html Numeric Miracle Astronomy Space Earth Science Health Medicine Nature Life Secrets of Quran Sunnah Legislative Miracles Picture Verse Unseen Miracles Gods Creations Miracles for Kids PowerPoint Bases Of Miracle Translation Team Biography Contact Us About Us Your contribution to spread this site is necessary Free Book Innovative Way to Manage Time Free Book THE MARVELS OF THE NUMBER SEVEN A River that Flows in the Depths of the Sea A Great Smile of a 42 day Fetus All Articles | [
"Dates",
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http://kaira.asia/ | Mix Match Brochure About Kaira Kaira is one of the largest womens readytowear brand which has created a unique style in retail market at an affordable pricing The brand is best known for its unique and fast fashion offerings with a mix of ethnic western touch The brand offers the richness of Indian aesthetic through its ethnic collections trendy and modern looks for young and college goers with western casuals exquisite party looks with a huge variety of gowns and dresses and Indowestern collections for women who love to experiment with styles Today the company is renowned for its distinctive use of colours quality of fabrics interesting embroideries and striking designs Kaira is the brand which offers Indian aesthetics in a very contemporary style Our designers always happen to be updated with current trends forecasts and mould it in their designs which suit the modern Indian women All these categories talk about the USP of the brand which is one stop complete womens readytowear store The tagline Be That Girl Today or BeThatGirlToday inspires women to be confident and presentable with who they are So Kaira is all set to adorn their beauty with confidence because every woman is special to us With strong tech support and smart decisions the brand is able to provide latest fashion without compromising on the quality The unique supply chain system ensures fresh stocks to the customer as the ratio of unsold stock is minimum to low hence there is no discounting of stocks Pick of the Season Hot New Arrivals This long kurta with A line hem full sleevesmandarin collar fancy buttons with placket at the front Paired with a beautiful stole with tassels This look with stole is going to be the highlight for any event A range of long gowns for parties fabric is super comfortable with stretch Trendy style details like cold shoulder with layered flared sleeves A perfect chic and sophisticated look for parties The range of long tee paired with blue denim jeans is one of the best casual looks This can be carried easily by the youngsters Hello From Saina Nehwal Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Take a selfie in a KAIRA dress and post it with the hashtag BeThatGirlToday on Instagram for a chance to win BETHATGIRLTODAY JOIN KAIRA CLUB FOR NEW VIDEOS DISCOUNT CODES AND MORE | [
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http://kaizenbiz.com/the-role-of-follower-in-leadership/ | โ Previous Next โ The Role Of Follower in Leadership Posted on September 13 , 2012 by Elli St . George - Godfrey During our # KaizenBiz chat last week , Miriam Ahern tweeted that โ โฆ it would be a big mistake to assume your most influential leaders are at top of hierarchy [ sic ] โ This was a brief side thread . The gist was that while the nominal leader may be the one with the title president , CEO or managing director , true authority and leadership may lie elsewhere . Typically , the obvious top of the hierarchy is followed by everyone else . This got me wondering about the role of the follower . Follower is not exactly the most glamorous role There seems to be a great deal of encouragement that everyone should be a leader ; that everyone can be a leader . While it might not suit everyone to be in a leadership role , being a follower is often cast as being mindless , a sheep or lacking in some way . And yet , followers provide valuable supports to leaders . They listen , reflect , comply , question and legitimize the leader . The amount of influence followers have on leaders shows up in organizational policies , communication methods and the workplace environment . There are here and here A mutual relationship Don Grayson and Ryan Speckhart write that โ for everyone to try and lead is a waste of resources . โ For leaders to be effective , there has to someone who is n โ t busy creating a new path . Even if the relationship has negative aspects , there is something of value here . Followers reflect what the leader espouses so culture gets manifested . On certain projects , the leader and follower may swap roles . Followers may even allow for a leader to be a figurehead while the second - in - charge keeps the organization humming along . There The leadership style may affect the percentage of follower types . Another dimension , engagement , is usually how leaders are defined . This totally depends on the types of followers in an organization . In one model , Barbara Kellerman lists these types : Isolates : They are mailing in their job and put forth the least amount of effort for their pay . Bystanders : They choose not to be engaged but they are observing Participants : They are engaged for or against the leader and put some of themselves into the relationship . Activists : They bring a high level of engagement into their role . They are visible and vocal in their support or opposition to the leader . Diehards : They bring strong personal and emotional qualities to their relationship . However , they can be committed to an idea or the mission of the organization as much as the leader . There is a high level of intensity to their support or opposition . Do followers exist outside the leader ? So much is made of how to be a leader . And this is necessary work . But the other side of it ca n โ t be that if you develop the leader , the followers will know what to do . And which kind of followers do you want to create ? With so many surveys pointing out how dissatisfied employees are , perhaps there could be a complementary track of follower development . Understanding that types of followers exists can fill out someone โ s understanding of leadership . The followers can understand how they interact with their leader and even the organization . This may be pie in the sky but it would be interesting to see what would happen if people were encouraged to reflect , engage and support their leaders to be more effective and even inspirational . * Join us for the Twitter chat , # KaizenBiz on Friday , September 14th at 5pm BST / 12pm ET / 9am PT to delve into followers . What are the traits of a good follower ? How do followers create leaders ? Why is being a follower so devalued if it โ s crucial to leadership ? How does less hierarchy / flatter organizations change the role of follower ? If you missed the live chat on Twitter , here is a link to the transcript of the chat ; click to scroll through the discussion . About the author : Elli St . George Godfrey , founder of Ability Success Growth and small business coach / trainer , is the host of KaizenBiz . Whether you are expanding in your own backyard or into another country , my 3 Keys Coaching process guides established small business owners to unlock the CEO within and identify and develop strategies to be more effective leaders , plan more creatively , increase revenues and overcome the fears and obstacles that interfere with building thriving small to mid - sized businesses . This entry was posted in KaizenBiz Chat KaizenBiz Chat Framing Posts and tagged follower leadership roles in organizations by Elli St . George - Godfrey . Bookmark the permalink One thought on โ The Role Of Follower in Leadership Joseph Olewitz on September 14 , 2012 at 11 : 49 am said : Elli โ It โ s fabulous that you are raising this question of the ( all - too - often - overlooked ) role of the follower . Another aspect to explore is the โ POWER of the follower . โ Think about it . What would a leader lead if he had no followers at all ? Therefore , the power to create a leader lies solely with the followers . Also , once โ created โ as a leader , his success also is determined by the followers who must make real ( in the trenches ) the vision and commands of the leader . It has always been my view that a powerful , dedicated , committed second person is critical to a leader โ s success . And I โ m sure it follows on down through the hierarchy of any organization . โ JOSEPH Comments are closed . | [
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http://kalbeinternational.com/ | LOAD MORE Welcome to the healthier world where we commit to always improve life to be the best it can be A HEALTHY WORLD WITH KALBE LOOK DETAIL Complete Range of Nutritional Products LOAD MORE GREAT TECHNOLOGY BETTER INGREDIENTS Kalbe Nutritional Continues to grow by using state of the art technologies and ingredients to produce highquality nutritional products Product Categories OTC Consumers Nutrition Prescription News And Event The best milk for people with diabetes Milk is a staple of many diets but its carbohydrate count can impact blood sugar which might be a concern Kalbe Our Sustainable Commitment for the Pharmaceutical Industry In 23 October 2018 the Asia Sustainability Reporting Summit ASRS 2018 was held at Novotel Do Throat Lozenges Really Work Whether its flu season or youre fighting off an icky summer cold throat lozenges are one of the goto Health Bars How to Choose Wisely Grocery store shelves are packed with health bars energy bars and breakfast bars all claiming Dont Have a Cow Heres How to Pick the Best Milk for You Whether were pouring it into our cereal bowl adding it to our coffee or drinking it straight from KIDNEY NUTRITION When you have chronic kidney disease choosing the right food in right amount is important Cough Relief How to Lose a Bad Cough Ah the joys of winter Eggnog ice skating cough cough cough Constant cough can stop you in your Kalbe for Healthy Living Kalbe has contributed to improve health standard of Indonesians and global countries by providing a complete About Us Kalbe International is an international marketing company mainly handles the tradingexport transaction of total Kalbe Farmas group of business This focus aligned with the shift of strategy is adjusted accordingly by transforming the organization from what used to be a trading company into a multinational corporation that controls the whole value chain Brands Kalbe International Home About Us Product Categories News and Event Career Contact Us | [
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http://kalimaaorixa.blogspot.com/2011/09/kali-maa-meaning.html | Kali Maa Orixa KALI MAA the meaning THE NAME . . . Many people have asked ' what does that mean ? ' , well , it means sooooooo much ! As many words change definitions through translation and over time its important to get to the source also its equally important to consider re - established relative definitions especially when it come to names / titles . Kemetic ( Egyptian ) hieroglyph for KA KA - Life force , spiritual power ( also called Chi , Prana , Ether , Nyama ) KALI ( kรค lฤ ) [ Hindi , = the Black One ] ' Kali Ma ' is the Triple Mother Goddess of creation , preservation & destruction in " Hinduism " . Known also as Durga [ the Inaccessible ] and as Chandi [ the Fierce ] KALI In Sanskrit it means " Beyond Time " or " Black " In Swahili it means " Fierce " or " Intense " In Hawaiian it mean " Hesitating " In Senufo , a language spoken in Northern Ghana & Mali it means " Lively " or " Energetic " Kali Ma is often depicted Black , Brown or dark Blue with various symbolic features and signs . There are many stories about Kali Ma ( or Kalika , or Maa Kali ) NOTICE THE SWORD IS A FEATHER ! ( remember that ) Side note : Other names include Kฤlarฤtri ( " black night " ) and Kฤlikฤ ( " relating to time " ) The Kalika Purana a Hindu religious text dedicated to the worship of Kali Ma calls her the " Fundamental Power " & " Beyond Nature " . . . The Kalika Purana also describes Kali as possessing a soothing dark complexion , as perfectly beautiful , riding a lion , four - armed , holding a sword and blue lotuses , her hair unrestrained , body firm and youthful . In the practice of Tantra Yoga Kali Ma is praised as ' the highest reality ' or ' greatest of all deities ' . In most myths and pictures her image is seemingly of death & destruction although Kali Ma is regarded as a most kind & loving mother of the entire universe . In other words . . . Perfect , complete blackness or MAmma ' s womb ! THERE ARE MANY , MANY DIFFERENT MEANINGS BEHIND THE DIFFERENT ARTISTIC EVOLUTIONS OF KALI MA Kali ' s most common four armed iconographic image shows each hand carrying variously a sword , a trishul ( trident ) , a severed head and a bowl or skull - cup ( kapala ) catching the blood of the severed head . Two of these hands ( usually the left ) are holding a sword and a severed head . The Sword signifies Divine Knowledge and the Human Head signifies human Ego which must be slain by Divine Knowledge in order to attain Moksha . The other two hands ( usually the right ) are in the abhaya ( fearlessness ) and varada ( blessing ) mudras , which means her initiated devotees ( or anyone worshiping her with a true heart ) will be saved as she will guide them here and in the hereafter . Kali Ma is also said to reflect or derive from the divine Kemetic Goddess Sekhmet Sekhmet ' s name meaning & attributes suit her function and parallels with Kali Ma . Sekhmet : the ( one who is ) powerful . She also was given titles such as the ( One ) Before Whom Evil Trembles , the Mistress of Dread , and the Lady of Slaughter Sekhmet also was seen as a bringer of disease as well as the provider of cures to such ills , the name " Sekhmet " literally became synonymous with physicians and surgeons ( as Kali Ma is with Yoga & meditation ) . Many members of Sekhmet ' s priesthood often were considered to be on the same level as physicians . Sekhmet ( also spelled Sachmet Sakmet Sakhet Sekmet Sakhmet and Sekhet ) was originally the warrior goddess as well as goddess of healing . She was envisioned as a fierce lioness , and in art , was depicted as such , or as a woman with the head of a lioness , who was dressed in red , the colour of blood . Often you will find Sekhmet & Kali Ma with the sun or fire on top or behind them . Sometimes the dress she wears exhibits a rosetta pattern over each nipple , & defined hair which can be traced to observation of the shoulder - knots ( braids or dreads ) hair on lions . Occasionally , Sekhmet was also portrayed Also known as a divine arbiter or judge of the goddess MA ' at " AS WE KNOW , ALL RELIGIOUS SYSTEMS WERE BORN FROM ANCIENT EGYPT OR ETHIOPIA , SO WE CAN DRAW CONNECTIONS FOR DAYS BUT YOU HAVE TO DO MORE OF THAT KNOWLEDGE ON YOUR OWN ! " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MA ' or MAA - is a timeless , shortened term for Mother or Mamma In the case of our little Kali Maa it is also a name short for Maat ( or Ma ' at ) Maat is personified as the Kemetic goddess of harmony , justice , and truth represented as a young woman sitting or standing , holding a scepter , the symbol of power , in one hand and an ankh , the symbol of eternal life , in the other . Sometimes she is depicted with wings on each arm or as a woman with an ostrich feather on her head Ma ' at is a process not an event . . . . Here is an actual relief of Ma ' at & Sehkmet getting offerings When the dead were judged , it is was the feather of Ma ' at that their hearts were weighed against . If hearts of the deceased are as " light as a feather " , they were granted eternal life . The near - weightlessness of their hearts indicated that their souls were not burdened with sin , ego and evil . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - YES ! KALI MAA is her name ! Posted by Kali Maa Orixa Reactions : funny 0 interesting 0 cool Email This BlogThis ! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels : blood ego egypt hindu india justice kali kali maa kemet lord love ma ma ' at maat meaning name peace sehkmet truth Newer Post Older Post Home Subscribe to : Post Comments ( Atom ) | [
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http://kallergy.com/conditions/heartburn/pathology | Home About Conditions We Treat Resources Blog GERD Pathology Gastroesophageal reflux disease known as GERD or heartburn can occur at any age There is a genetic component to GERD A person who has a relative or relatives with heartburn is more likely to experience heartburn as well Food normally passes from the mouth down the esophagus through the lower esophageal spincter and into the stomach where it is digested Heartburn begins when hydrochloric acid andor a food bolus are regurgitated up from the stomach and passes up through a circular muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter LES The LES should be an airtight trap door that prevents any stomach acid or food from entering the esophagus When the LES is not working properly or has been damaged through exposure to stomach acid heartburn may occur You can drink a glass of water and stand on your head without having water reflux back up into your throat The water is held in the stomach by a circular muscle called the Lower Esophageal Sphincter LES This muscle is airtight However if the sphincter is not functioning properly it will allow acid water or food to come up into the esophagus The nerves in the esophagus send a message to the lungs throat ears nose and sinuses to constrict and produce mucous This will cause the symptoms mentioned earlier The food and acid does not have to come up all the way to produce these symptoms Hiatal hernia is an outpouching of the stomach that sits above the diaphragm This will allow food and water to sit in this pouch and come up easily into the esophagus By reducing the acid production in the stomach the symptoms of GERD can improve because the lower esophageal sphincter will begin to work effectively again If acid is frequently allowed to come up into the esophagus damage can occur Serious problems like Barretts Esophagitis may occur which can lead to cancer of the esophagus If you or your children suffer from GERD seek medical attention to avoid the many of the complications that can occur More About Heartburn GERD GERD Pathology GERD Treatment Sign In to Client Portal Sign Up for Our Asthma Allergy Immunology Newsletter indicates required Email Address First Name Last Name | [
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"GERD Treatment"
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http://kalonasalesbarn.com/cattle/ | Home Market Reports Cattle Hay Sheep Goats Hogs Horses Tack Draft Horses Carriages Antiques Alternative Bird Animal Lunchroom Contact Us Cattle Special Feeder Cattle Sale Tuesday January 15th at 1100 AM Early Consignments Edwards 68 Black Steers Heifers 400700 Green Tagged Coakley 61 Black Steers Heifers 550650 Green Tagged Salow 60 Black BWF Yearling Steers 850900 Green Tagged Double Vaccinated Stutzman 60 Mostly Black Steers Heifers 650800 Green Tagged Brenneman 38 Black Steers Heifers 600700 Green Tagged Hessman McKay 37 Black BWF Steers Heifers 600700 Green Tagged Erb 36 Mostly Black Steers Heifers 600700 Green Tagged Brenneman 35 Black BWF Steers Heifers 600700 Green Tagged Gerst 31 Angus cross Steers Heifers 550650 Gold Tagged Wood 31 Black Steers Heifers 550600 Green Tagged Weber 30 Black Red Steers Heifers 500550 Green Tagged Ledger 30 Black Steers Heifers 600700 Green Tagged Letts 28 Black Steers Heifers 500600 Thompson 27 Black Steers Heifers 650700 Green Tagged Fuhrmeister 27 Black Steers Heifers 500600 Green Tagged Hesseltine 25 Black Steers Heifers 550600 Green Tagged Lasek 21 Black Steers Heifers 700750 Green Tagged Bull Brothers 20 Shorthorn Steers Heifers 500600 Green Tagged Gingerich 15 Black Steers Heifers 350600 Green Tagged Leichty 14 Black Steers Heifers 500600 Green Tagged Ernst 12 Mostly Black Steers Heifers 600700 Green Tagged Knutson 11 Angus cross Steers Heifers 600700 Green Tagged By a Golden Chute Ranch Bull Zook 11 Black Angus Steers Heifers 450650 Green Tagged Duwa 10 Angus cross Steers Heifers 550650 Green Tagged Holst 8 Black Steers Heifers 550600 Green Tagged By a Golden Chute Ranch Bull Special Bred Cow Sale Tuesday January 22nd at 1100 AM Early Consignment Complete Dispersal 50 Mixed Cows Bred to Red or Black Angus Bulls Due to Calve Mid March Complete Dispersal 48 Purebred Red Angus Cows 4 Aged Bred to a Hereford Bull Due to start calving February 20th 40 Mostly Black Cows 4 8 Years Old Bred to a Black Bull Complete Dispersal 27 Mostly Black Cows 5 Aged Bred to a LimFlex Bull turned in June 1st Attention Cattlemen Tysons Fresh Meats has moved forward with the requirement to source cattle from BQA Beef Quality Assurance certified producers only This will take effect January 1st 2019 Download Letter Concerning BQA HERE Weekly Cattle sales are held every Thursday starting at 900 AM with fed cattle followed by baby calves stock cows feeder cattle market bulls and cows Our drivethru unloading chute is open every Wednesday to receive cattle until 1000 PM and open again Thursday morning at 600 AM Special Bred Cow and Feeder Cattle Sales as Announced To consign your cattle or for an on the farm visit give us a call Kalona Sales Barn 3196562222 Devin Mullet 3199360675 | [
"Cattle"
] |
http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2011/08/what-is-forecasting-meaning-features.html | What is Forecasting ? Meaning Features Steps Importance Post : Gaurav Akrani . Date : 8 / 19 / 2011 . No Comments . Label : Management What is Forecasting ? Meaning Forecasting is a process of predicting or estimating the future based on past and present data . Forecasting provides information about the potential future events and their consequences for the organisation . It may not reduce the complications and uncertainty of the future . However , it increases the confidence of the management to make important decisions . Forecasting is the basis of premising . Forecasting uses many statistical techniques . Therefore , it is also called as Statistical Analysis Image Credits ยฉ TYanceyIV Features of Forecasting Peculiarities , characteristics or features of forecasting are as follows : - Forecasting in concerned with future events . It shows the probability of happening of future events . It analysis past and present data . It uses statistical tools and techiques . It uses personal observations . Steps in Forecasting Procedure , stages or general steps involved in forecasting are given below : - Analysing and understanding the problem : The manager must first identify the real problem for which the forecast is to be made . This will help the manager to fix the scope of forecasting . Developing sound foundation : The management can develop a sound foundation , for the future after considering available information , experience , type of business , and the rate of development . Collecting and analysing data : Data collection is time consuming . Only relevant data must be kept . Many statistical tools can be used to analyse the data . Estimating future events : The future events are estimated by using trend analysis . Trend analysis makes provision for some errors . Comparing results : The actual results are compared with the estimated results . If the actual results tally with the estimated results , there is nothing to worry . In case of any major difference between the actuals and the estimates , it is necessary to find out the reasons for poor performance . Follow up action : The forecasting process can be continuously improved and refined on the basis of past experience . Areas of weaknesses can be improved for the future forecasting . There must be regular feedback on past forecasting . Importance of Forecasting Merits , significance or importance of forecasting involves following points : - Forecasting provides relevant and reliable information about the past and present events and the likely future events . This is necessary for sound planning . It gives confidence to the managers for making important decisions . It is the basis for making planning premises . It keeps managers active and alert to face the challenges of future events and the changes in the environment . Limitations of Forecasting Demerits , criticism or limitations of forecasting involves following points : - The collection and analysis of data about the past , present and future involves a lot of time and money . Therefore , managers have to balance the cost of forecasting with its benefits . Many small firms do n ' t do forecasting because of the high cost . Forecasting can only estimate the future events . It can not guarantee that these events will take place in the future . Long - term forecasts will be less accurate as compared to short - term forecast . Forecasting is based on certain assumptions . If these assumptions are wrong , the forecasting will be wrong . Forecasting is based on past events . However , history may not repeat itself at all times . Forecasting requires proper judgement and skills on the part of managers . Forecasts may go wrong due to bad judgement and skills on the part of some of the managers . Therefore , forecasts are subject to human error . No Comment Yet Please Comment Newer Posts Older Posts Home | [
"Forecasting",
"future events",
"Statistical Analysis ."
] |
http://kanerepublican.com/ | Skip to main content Mon , 04 / 15 / 2019 - 12 : 29am KARE plan will beautify gateway into Kane The Kane Area Revitalization Enterprise ( KARE ) is planning to beautify the eastern gateway into the borough . KARE , a non - profit wing of the Kane Area Development Center ( KADC ) , has received โ . . . Mon , 04 / 15 / 2019 - 12 : 29am KARE plan will beautify gateway into Kane The Kane Area Revitalization Enterprise ( KARE ) is planning to beautify the eastern gateway into the borough . KARE , a non - profit wing of the Kane Area Development Center ( KADC ) , has received โ . . . News 03 / 29 / 2019 - 12 : 48am Driver is charged with homicide in Rt . 219 fatal crash A driver involved in a fatal traffic accident last September on Route 219 in Hamlin Township has been charged with โ homicide by vehicle . โ Kane receives praise for its โ wonderful momentum โ Kane Community Hospital Foundation names director Case vs . man who threatened mother heads to county court Registration open for โ bird dog challenge โ in May EVENTS OF THE WEEK View More News Sports 09 / 25 / 2018 - 11 : 50pm Kessler honored , Lady Wolves defeat Bradford in five sets The full article on the Lady Wolves ' win over Bradford can be found in the Kane Republican printed publication or E - Edition on Tuesday , S Kane Homecoming Queen crowned , Wolves win over Punxsy Lady Wolves hosted JV Volleyball Tournament over the weekend Junior all - stars advance to D10 title game : St . Marys beats Elk - McKean 7 - 6 Kane cheerleaders to participate in Big 33 on Saturday , June 16 Horton named All - American at Division II Nationals View More Sports Talking About . . . 06 / 19 / 2017 - 12 : 23am Terrorism behind the wheel Have recent attacks in automobiles in busy tourist destinations such as New York City and London hindered your vacation plans or how you โ American Health Care Act Have attacks on larger cities impacted your way of life ? Despite host of dangerous issues , do you remain supportive of Summer Olympic Games in Rio ? Forecasting the weather How are those New Year ' s resolutions coming along ? View More Entertainment 12 / 30 / 2018 - 11 : 25pm Happy New Year from the Kane Republican staff The Kane Republican will not publish an edition on Tuesday , Jan . 1 , 2019 due to the New Year ' s Day holiday . VIDEO : Top 5 Winter Olympics opening ceremony moments VIDEO : Everything You Need to Know About the 2018 Golden Globes VIDEO : Find out who Matt Leinart thinks will win the 2017 Heisman Trophy VIDEO : Thanksgiving Prep and Cooking Guide VIDEO : Halloween Princesses Make Way For Wonder Woman View More Entertainment Photo gallery PHOTO OF THE WEEK : Drug Task Force agreement Pup looking for a friendly home Jerman Memorial Scholarship awarded All - State track and field View More Photos Special Sections EMPLOYMENT / CAREER GUIDE FEBRUARY 2019 Shop - Right View More Special Sections Follow Us on Facebook | [
"The Kane Republican",
"NEWS"
] |
http://kansas.hometownlocator.com/ks/marshall/frankfort.cfm | Frankfort , KS Profile : Facts & Data Profile Maps Photos Places Schools Jobs JUMP DOWN PAGE TO : Basic Facts | Demographic Data | Peer Comparsions Frankfort Local Links & Resources : Hotels Resources ALL Frankfort Content Also See : Frankfort , KS ZIP Codes & ZIP Code Maps | Local Area Photos Frankfort , Kansas - Basic Facts Quick & Easy Tools Recent Data for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes Neighborhood Maps , Data , Home Values Research Public Schools Boundaries Locate Physical & Cultural Features City , Town , and ZIP Code Maps The City of Frankfort had a population of 679 as of July 1 , 2018 . Frankfort ranks in the lower quartile for Diversity Index when compared to the other cities , towns and Census Designated Places ( CDPs ) in Kansas . See peer rankings below . The primary coordinate point for Frankfort is located at latitude 39.7056 and longitude - 96.417 in Marshall County . The formal boundaries for the City of Frankfort encompass a land area of 1.01 sq . miles and a water area of 0 sq . miles . Marshall County is in the Central time zone ( GMT - 6 ) . The elevation is 1,158 feet . The City of Frankfort ( GNIS ID : 2394806 ) has a C1 Census Class Code which indicates an active incorporated place that does not serve as a county subdivision equivalent . It also has a Functional Status Code of " A " which identifies an active government providing primary general - purpose functions The City of Frankfort is located within Township of Vermillion , a minor civil division ( MCD ) of Marshall County Alternate Unofficial Names for Frankfort : Franks Fort , Nottingham . Jump to . . . ( On This Page ! ) Frankfort 2018 Demographic Data Growth Rates for Frankfort ( Historical & 5 - Year Forecast ) Peer Comparisons ( Rank and Percentile ) Neighborhoods Demographics ( Home Values , Household Income , etc . ) Kansas Research Tools ( Easy Tools & Current Data ) Kansas Data Comparison Tool - 2018 Demographics Frankfort , KS - Most Popular Things to Do Top 20 Most Popular Places Near Frankfort Popularity rankings are based on positive reviews , search queries , and other user data . Also See : Nearby Photos | Nearby Hotels | Driving Directions Research a Kansas Address and get . . . Boundary Maps , Demographic Data , School Zones Review maps and data for the neighborhood , city , county , ZIP Code , and school zone . July 1 , 2018 , data includes home values , household income , percentage of homes owned , rented or vacant , etc . Frankfort , KS Data & Demographics ( As of July 1 , 2018 ) POPULATION Total Population 679 Population in Households 644 Population in Familes 526 Population in Group Qrtrs 35 Population Density 2 674 Diversity Index 3 8 INCOME Median Household Income $ 41,244 Average Household Income $ 55,285 Per Capita Income $ 23,856 HOUSING Total Housing Units 341 ( 100 % ) Owner Occupied HU 244 ( 71.6 % ) Renter Occupied HU 44 ( 12.9 % ) Vacant Housing Units 53 ( 15.5 % ) Median Home Value $ 72,188 Average Home Value $ 110,918 HOUSEHOLDS Total Households 288 Average Household Size 2.24 Family Households 190 Average Family Size 3 NOTES Demographics are point estimates for July 1st of the current year and each for the forecast years . See References for more information . Population Density = Total Population per square mile . The Diversity Index is a scale of 0 to 100 that represents the likelihood that two persons , chosen at random from the same area , belong to different race or ethnic groups . If an area ' s entire population belongs to one race AND one ethnic group , then the area has zero diversity . An area ' s diversity index increases to 100 when the population is evenly divided into two or more race / ethnic groups . GROWTH RATE / YEAR 2010 - 2018 2018 - 2023 Population - 0.81 % - 0.9 % Households - 0.77 % - 0.92 % Families - 0.31 % - 1.08 % Median Household Income 0.94 % Per Capita Income 1.81 % Frankfort , KS - Peer Comparisons by Rank and Percentile The table below compares Frankfort to the other 671 incorporated cities , towns and CDPs in Kansas by rank and percentile using July 1 , 2018 data . The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value . A location that ranks higher than 75 % of its peers would be in the 75th percentile of the peer group . Variable Description Rank Percentile Total Population # 254 62nd Population Density # 400 41st Diversity Index # 605 10th # 540 20th # 459 32nd Additional comparisons and rankings can be made with a VERY EASY TO USE Kansas Census Data Comparison Tool Quick & Easy Ways to . . . Get Current Demographic Data for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes View Boundary Maps , for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes Locate Physical , Cultural , and Historical Features Research Public Schools & Attendance Zones Kansas Census Data Comparison Tool Compare Kansas July 1 , 2018 Data Data Population Population Density Diversity Index Average Household Income Per Capita Income Locations Cites & Towns Counties ZIP Codes Highest or Lowest Show Highest Values Show Lowest Values Results Show 20 Results Show 200 Results | [
"Frankfort , Kansas",
"Basic Facts",
"Marshall County"
] |
http://kapow.forumotion.net/ | KAPOW KAPOW Forum Forum Topics Posts Last Posts KAPOW FOR VIEW ALL TOPICS 193 640 How to Configure Today at 1124 am buddhikadce Statistics Todays active topics Todays top 20 posters Overall top 20 posters Who is online In total there is 1 user online 0 Registered 0 Hidden and 1 Guest Registered Users None Members connected during last 24 hours Bobi buddhikadce Chaitra jking kennyf knights rick5on Shyam Kumar Tejaswini H R Legend Moderators Birthdays No users have a birthday today No users are having a birthday in the upcoming 7 days Forthcoming Calendar linked topics within the next 5 days There are no forthcoming calendar linked topic Statistics Our users have posted a total of 640 messages We have 370 registered users The newest registered user is michikatsu0172 Most users ever online was 19 on Tue May 17 2016 1146 am New posts No new posts Forum is locked | [
"KAPOW"
] |
http://kapsenbergdesign.com/garden/byroses_bot.php | home garden history plant lists plant info map monthly photos Redding area gardens blogs where to get plants links List of roses in Victoria Garden general lists natives plant types flower colors leaf colors seasons habitats Lists ( still in progress ) can be sorted by common name and botanical name . without pictures picture Botanical name Common name Borders Info Id # Rosa ' Flutterbye ' Shrub Rose ' Flutterbye ' 7 547 Rosa ' Santana ' Red climbing rose 12 671 Rosa banksiae ' Lutea ' Yellow Banks ๏ฟฝ Rose 7 235 Rosa chinensis ' Mutabilis ' Mutabilis Rose 8 , 17 975 Rosa cultv . ' The Shepherdess ' English Rose ' The Shepherdess ' 9 565 Rosa culv . ' The dark lady ' English Shrub Rose ' The dark lady ' 9 564 Rosa Floribunda ' Angel Face ' Angel Face Rose 8 , 13 527 Rosa floribunda ' Cherish ' Rose ' Cherish ' 13 871 Rosa floribunda ' Cinco de Mayo ' Rose ' Cinco de Mayo ' 21 873 Rosa floribunda ' Disneyland ' Rose ' ' Disneyland ' 234 Rosa floribunda ' Europeana ' Rose ' Europeana ' 7 , 21 236 Rosa Floribunda ' Lime Sublime ' Rose ' Lime Sublime ' 24 841 Rosa Grandiflora ' Honey Dijon ' Rose ' Honey Dijon ' 24 839 Rosa grandiflora ' Tournament of Roses ' Rose ' Tournament of Roses 13 870 Rosa hybrid Yellow fragrant bush Rose 5 1011 Rosa hybrid Bush Rose ( Red ) 5 156 Red climbing rose in border 5 1012 Rosa hybrid Dubble Pink Shrub Rose 563 Dubble dark pink Rose 1069 Rose hybrid 21 874 unknown yellow bush Rose 23 1024 Rosa hybrid Rose orange climber 23 797 Rosa hybrid ' Glamis Castle ' Rose ' Glamis Castle ' 816 Rosa hybrid ' Fair Bianca ' Rose ' Fair Bianca ' 814 Rosa hybrid ' Gizmo ' Miniature Rose ' Gizmo ' 237 Rosa hybrid ' Graham Thomas ' New English Shrub Rose ( Yellow ) 160 Rosa hybrid ' Gypsy Dancer ' Rose ' Gypsy Dancer ' 815 Rosa hybrid ' Iceberg ' Rose ' Iceberg ' 821 Rosa hybrid ' Moondance ' Rose ' Moondance ' 818 Rosa hybrid ' Pat Austin ' Rose Pat Austin 776 Rosa hybrid ' Peak Performance ' Hybrid Tea Rose ' Peak Performance ' 872 Rosa hybrid ' Sixteen Candles ' Rose ' Sixteen Candles ' 819 Rosa hybrid ' Strike It Rich ' Grandiflora Rose ' Strike It Rich ' 238 Rosa hybrid ' Wild Spice ' Rose ' Wild Spice ' 820 Rosa hybrid musk ' Ballerina ' Ballerina Musk Rose 14 979 Rosa hybrid tea ' Brandy ' Tea Rose ' Brandy ' 5 , 21 , 24 155 Rosa miniature hybrid Miniature rose 1036 Rosa Polyantha ' Lovely Fairy ' Rose Polyantha ' Lovely Fairy ' 11 1050 Rosa spec . Bush rose 4 89 Rosa spec . Rose White 12 672 Rosa tea hybrid ' Orange Surprise ' Standard Tea Rose ' Orange Surprise ' 161 | [
"Victoria Garden",
"roses",
"Rosa ' Santana '"
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http://kaptest.com/ | First things first ACT SAT GMAT GRE LSAT MCAT COMLEXUSA USMLE NCLEXRN BAR GED See all Tests Preparing millions of students for 120 tests Boost confidence Find out how prep can make you feel ready for test day Learn by example Work with teachers who are experts on both test content and strategy Get results Rely on the latest developments in learning science and technology Youre not the only one who believes in you As the world leader in test prep weve helped students meet and exceed their academic and career goals time and again around the globe Motivation comes from making a connection Were not just about great test scores we also encourage curiosity Our teachers are tested and trained ready to engage and rated on caring Resources you can trust lead to results Weve learned from every student weve served and weve used that knowledge to enhance our resources from Qbanks to mobile prep The smartest way to take a practice test is for free Start Practicing Kaplan gave me the opportunity and the right tools to make the best of my time and be wellprepared for my USMLE Momen A Kaplan USMLE student | [
"Kaplan"
] |
http://karengraham.ca/blog/i-am-underweight-how-do-i-gain-weight-when-i-have-diabetes/ | Posted : October 5 , 2011 I am underweight , how do I gain weight when I have diabetes ? You may have lost weight because your blood sugar has been running high . This can cause much of the carbohydrate food that you eat to pass into your urine and not be absorbed into your body . Alternately , you may have been slim to begin with , and then as you got older your pancreas may not be making as much insulin , so you got diabetes . Regardless of the cause , once you have diabetes and are underweight , eating can be a challenge . Restricting carbohydrate foods that increase your blood sugar , also restricts I have a 6 - page section in The Complete Diabetes Guide devoted to this topic . The first thing to do is to see your doctor , to find out if you need more diabetes medications , or a change in medications . The right diabetes medication can help you gain weight by improving absorption of sugar . Next step , look at what you are eating . It is best to spread your intake out into three small meals and three small snacks . This spreads out your carbohydrates and also means you will not feel so full at each meal . Here are a few simple ideas to boost calories : spread peanut butter on an apple or banana , to add protein slice up avocado and have it in sandwiches or salads add ยผ cup of skim milk powder to each cup of milk to double the protein add extra oil such as olive , canola , corn or soya oil , margarine , mayonnaise and salad dressings to recipes and foods such as mashed potatoes , rice or pasta , oatmeal , scrambled eggs or casseroles add chopped nuts or roasted sunflower seeds on top of yogurt or cereal add sliced or shredded cheese to soups and casseroles . In addition to boosting calories , it is important to rebuild lost muscles . To build muscle strength , a walk is good , and so is doing some weight lifting . Start with a small dumbbell weight ( 1 - 5 lbs ) . You can pick one up at a hardware or sports store for a couple of dollars . Choose a weight that you have a hard time lifting ten times . Start with doing ten bicep curls with each arm . Hold the weight in your hand with palm - up and slowly curl your arm book Back to Main The suggestions and information in my blog are based on a thorough assessment of all the latest research and information . Reasonable steps have been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information presented . However , this blog is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care . Only your doctor can diagnose and treat a medical problem . Always consult your medical practitioner . | [
"diabetes",
"gain weight"
] |
http://karenjulianlaw.com/premarital_marital_property_agreements.htm | Premarital and Marital Property Agreements ( These materials are for informational purposes only , to help you recognize your legal rights and responsibilities . They are not a substitute for speaking with an attorney regarding your specific circumstances . ) Wisconsin is a " marital property " state , and our statutes governing marital property and individual property and debts are very complicated . Under Wisconsin law , property acquired by the earnings of either party before and during the marriage , even though titled in one spouse ' s name , is considered property of the marriage , and each spouse has an undivided one half interest in each item of marital property . Gifts and inheritances are considered individual property , and not marital property , unless they become " mixed " with other marital property . Under One of the first questions a couple should address is : What are our main objectives in entering into a marital agreement ? Do we wish an agreement for use during our marriage , for protection of either of us upon the death of the other , for protection of any child or children , or for use in the event of a divorce ? A couple should also discuss the following issues : Support for a Minor Child . Nothing in a marital agreement can adversely affect the right of a minor child to support . This includes any child by a previous marriage , as well as any children born during a marriage . Anything contained in a marital agreement which adversely affects a child ' s right to support will be deemed void by the courts . Property Rights and Obligations . The rights and obligations each party may have regarding property owned by either party , regardless of when or how it is acquired , may be set out in a marital property agreement . Management and Control . Parties may reach agreements regarding who may manage and control their individual as well as their marital property . Incapacitation , Divorce or Death . Parties may set out how they wish their property divided in the event of the incapacity of either of them , the death of either , or a divorce . Support for a Spouse . Parties should discuss their wishes regarding support by one for the other during their marriage as well as upon any separation , divorce , or incapacity . Other Documents . Parties may discuss making a will , trust , or other arrangement to carry out the terms of their marital agreement . Avoiding Probate . Parties may discuss what they wish done with their assets at the time of either party ' s death . These agreements may be included in the marital agreement so that the property may pass without probate . Forum . Parties may decide which state ' s laws they wish to govern their agreement , in the event they move to another state during their marriage . Other Decisions . Parties may make any other decision regarding their property that they wish , so long as that decision is not in violation of a public policy or a statute imposing a criminal penalty . A formal marital property agreement can only be amended or revoked by another marital property agreement signed at a later time by both parties . Parties may enter into a marital property agreement prior to their marriage , but it will take effect only upon their marriage . A marital property agreement will not be enforceable if either spouse proves any of the following : The agreement was unconscionable , or totally unfair or unjust to one party , at the time it was signed . A party did not enter into the marital property agreement voluntarily . Prior to the agreement , one party did not receive a fair and reasonable disclosure of the other party ' s property or financial obligations , or did not voluntarily waive , in writing , the right to such a disclosure ; and he or she did not have notice of the other party ' s property or financial obligations . Given the requirement for " fair and reasonable " financial disclosure in order to enter into an enforceable marital property agreement , each party should fully disclose his or her assets , debts , income and ongoing obligations or budget to the other before the couple begins serious negotiations about the terms of a marital agreement . When the parties discuss the terms of their marital agreement after full financial disclosure , each then does so with full knowledge of the other ' s financial status . Because of the complex , sensitive nature of a marital agreement , and the rights involved for both parties , it is preferable for each party to have an attorney to help him or her understand and negotiate the terms of the agreement . Parties may use mediation or the collaborative model to help them negotiate their marital agreement . Parties should remember , however , that this process takes time , and it is best to get any premarital agreement drafted and signed well before the wedding . Karen Julian assists clients with both premarital and marital agreements , and she also offers mediation and the collaborative model to her clients . | [
"Marital Property Agreements"
] |
http://karldufresne.blogspot.com/ | Karl du Fresne Monday December 31 2018 My Law of Unattractive National Traits First published in Stuff regional papers and on Stuffconz December 26 A friend and I were discussing our travel experiences Im reasonably welltravelled he a lot more so Hes one of those adventurous New Zealanders who ends up in odd places Theres no spot on the planet so remote that you wont hear someone speaking with a New Zulland accent In my friends case working on offshore oil rigs took him to places most people probably didnt realise existed I on the other hand have mainly confined myself to mainstream destinations I dont like to venture too far out of my comfort zone The most offbeat place I can boast of visiting is a country that doesnt officially exist the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus It was created after Turkish forces invaded the northern part of Cyprus in 1974 to protect the minority Turkish population from what Turkey feared was an imminent takeover by Greek nationalists The island was split in two with a United Nations buffer zone the Green Line separating the Turkish sector from the official overwhelmingly Greek Cyprus in the southern part of the island But the TRNC is effectively a subsidiary state of Turkey and was never recognised by any other country The UN considers it to be part of the official Cyprus and deals with a longstanding diplomatic impasse by enforcing sanctions and policing the Green Line but otherwise behaving essentially as if the TRNC simply doesnt exist All this has given the country a slightly surreal anachronistic ambience When I was there 20 years ago the faded waterfront hotels and 1960sera British cars made it feel a bit like a Mediterranean version of Cuba But I digress My welltravelled friend and I were talking about national stereotypes which was the subject of a previous column of mine in which I had criticised the commonly held view of Americans as loud brash and unsubtle I thought this stereotype was inaccurate and unfair but my friend challenged me on this point He reckoned it accurately described many of the Americans he had encountered in New Zealand This led me to expound on Du Fresnes Law of Unattractive National Traits which I formulated after exhaustive international study This law states that the worst characteristics of any nationality tend to become much more pronounced when theyre on foreign ground American loudness Australian crassness Kiwi gaucheness the English tendency to complain all are greatly magnified when theyre away from home Or perhaps they just become a lot more noticeable Ill always remember sailing into Milford Sound long ago on a cruise ship whose passengers were mostly Australian A spectacular storm was raging Great torrents of water cascaded down from sheer cliffs and were dispersed in clouds of spume by violent swirling winds before they could reach the bottom I and a few others went out on deck to enjoy this elemental thrill but where were most of the Australians Inside playing pokie machines Theres a negative national stereotype right there They might as well have been in the Manly RSL The English at home are mostly likeable people but theres a certain type of Englishman abroad who seems determined to live up to the worst stereotypes for example by refusing to make even a token attempt to communicate in the local language If he cant make himself understood his solution is to speak more loudly in English We New Zealanders are not exempt from du Fresnes Law Observe a group of New Zealand tourists in a foreign place and you cant help but notice that we sometimes look a bit awkward unsophisticated and provincial jovial and goodhearted but a bit wideeyed and unworldly in our jandals and shorts We also tend to be clannish when abroad clustering together for mutual support and reassurance My welltravelled friend was impressed with my theory but then presented me with his own First Law of International Travel This was that women from other countries are always more appealing than the men Of course youd expect a heterosexual male to say that but what he meant was that the good looks of foreign women are rarely matched by their menfolk He gave the example of some young Germans he once socialised with in the Greek Islands the women sexy witty and charming the men in his words fat loud and boorish Almost like two different races my friend said Since then Ive tested it in many other countries and it works every time to a greater or lesser degree I pondered this and had to concede that he might be right I immediately thought of Poland where the women are tall wellgroomed and elegant and the men are anything but Does my mates First Law also hold true in New Zealand Thats something on which Im not prepared to speculate Posted by Karl du Fresne at 825 AM 3 comments Labels Cyprus nationalities Friday December 28 2018 Why Ive become a pessimistic traveller First published in The Dominion Post and on Stuffconz December 27 Ive become an abject pessimist when it comes to travel Things go wrong so often that Ive come to expect it It doesnt take a bizarre occurrence like the recent shutdown at Londons Gatwick Airport to prove that airline passengers are at the mercy of events over which they have no control It happens to me all the time And while its possible that Im jinxed more likely its just the way things are So many people are travelling that airlines and airports cant cope On a trip last month my wife and allowed two and a half hours between arriving at Sydney and catching an onward flight to Canberra ample time to have a drink and an evening meal Fat chance Our Qantas flight from Wellington left 90 minutes late I cant remember the excuse and I dont believe them anyway and we ended up having to rush licketysplit between terminals to make our connection Dinner that night came from a McDonalds drivethrough in the Canberra suburbs Ten days later we were back at Canberra Airport for a Tiger Air flight to Melbourne I know now although I didnt then that savvy Australian travellers avoid Tiger Air As well they might First the inbound plane was late arriving supposedly because of bad weather at its point of origin Strangely we didnt hear of other flights from the same city being delayed Then just as we were expecting a boarding call we learned that one of the planes tyres had to be replaced and the new one had to come from Melbourne Several hours passed before I watched a pair of engineers fit the new wheel But by that time the flight crew had exceeded their permitted hours and a replacement crew had to be flown in Long story short we sat in the airport for 10 hours eventually arriving in Melbourne after 11pm By the time we got to our AirBnB accommodation it was well after midnight In pitch darkness we spent 10 minutes trying to get into the wrong property The occupants of an apartment building in St Kilda are probably still wondering what lunatic was banging on doors and pressing buzzers at dead of night My narrative now shifts to Christchurch where I recently flew for what should have been a cruisy oneday return trip from Palmerston North On arrival at the airport in Palmy I drove around the carpark for 20 minutes because there were no vacant spaces A helpful man directed me to a longterm parking area but I couldnt get there because the terminal had been evacuated due to a fire alarm and my way was blocked by fire engines I ended up parking on a residential street more than five minutes walk away and barely made my plane You gotta laugh as they say That evening we were 15 minutes into the return flight from Christchurch when the captain announced we were turning back because of a warning light It soon became clear that none of us would be getting to Palmy that night We spent more than an hour and a half milling around while four Air New Zealand staff arranged motel accommodation in Christchurch They did their best but it was hard to avoid the feeling that they werent prepared for this sort of contingency Anyone would think it never happened There was no seating so it was no surprise when a passenger collapsed and was taken away in an ambulance Another woman with a walking frame somehow managed admirably to stay upright By a happy coincidence I found myself in the company of a cousin who happened to be booked on the same flight He was a calming influence Im not always patient in these situations as well as providing congenial company We were put in a motel on the far side of the city so distant from the airport that it felt like I was halfway home already Most of us went to bed without dinner although my cousin had an apple which he ate while having a bath I eventually got home at 3pm the next day after flying back to Palmerston North via Auckland As I said you gotta laugh I relate these experiences not because what happened to me was outrageous or even exceptional I hear of people of being subjected to far greater inconvenience by airlines that left them in the lurch and seemed unaccountable for their failings The common reaction from passengers is one of helpless resignation Most people accept that the contract they enter into when they buy a plane ticket is overwhelmingly loaded in the airlines favour They might get you to your destination on time but if not well tough luck What struck me in both Canberra and Christchurch was how my fellow passengers stoically shrugged and accepted their plight as if it were the new normal which of course it is But I cant help wondering whether airlines might sharpen their performance if people werent so infuriatingly goodnatured Posted by Karl du Fresne at 141 PM 2 comments Labels Air New Zealand airlines Qantas Tiger Air Friday December 14 2018 The kiwi is a bird I am a New Zealander First published in The Dominion Post and on Stuffconz December 13 Call me the papers resident Grinch While other people make lists of cards to send and presents to buy Ive been compiling an inventory of things that get on my nerves Here are a few I am not a kiwi When I look in the mirror I dont see a freakishlooking bird with nostrils at the end of its beak I do not scurry around in leaf litter at night probing the soil for grubs and worms I am of the species homo sapiens not apteryx australis Accordingly I cringe at the fashion across all the media for referring to New Zealanders as Kiwis Its patronising cloyingly sentimental and just plain wrong It promotes a comforting nationalistic myth that we are all the same with common characteristics opinions and aspirations rather than representative of what the philosopher Immanuel Kant called the crooked timber of humanity in all its glorious complexity In any case we managed perfectly well with New Zealanders until someone decided to infantilise us It may be four syllables rather than two but I think we can still get our tongues around it That Air New Zealand engineers strike threatened for the week before Christmas Dรฉjร vu anyone People over 50 will recall the Cook Strait ferry strikes that just happened to coincide with school holidays or the walkouts by freezing workers that left yards full of sheep at the height of the killing season anything to maximise the pressure on the employers to cave in A generation has grown up with no memory of the enormous economic harm done by industrial disruption during the 1970s Some would say the subsequent labour law reforms which stripped unions of much of their power went too far But by cynically and heartlessly calling a strike at the busiest time of the year for domestic air travel the Aviation and Marine Engineers Association has obligingly reminded of us how things used to be The sense of nostalgia was sharpened by hearing the engineers spokesman interviewed on Morning Report He spoke with an English accent recalling an era when New Zealand unions were infected by British class warfare What has Jacinda Ardern got against the letter T On the TV news the other night she referred to hospidalidy and modorists Ive previously heard her speak of credibilidy creadividy and inequalidy And because the prime minister is an influencer and role model other people are already imitating her pronunciation Nothing is more susceptible to the whims of fashion than pronunciation and language The letter L seems well on its way to extinction in some usages note how often you hear vunnerable and howth in place of vulnerable and health while other words have inexplicably gained an extra syllable so that we now have beforwah and unknowen Now the inoffensive letter T which never harmed a soul is being usurped by a rampant invasive D Someone should mount a campaign to prodect the integridy of spoken English Someone from Otago University watched 24 James Bond movies and read all the Bond books carefully noting every occasion on which he drank alcohol and the highrisk activities that he engaged in afterwards Im not sure what the purpose of this exercise was but Im assuming the taxpayer paid for it Perhaps were supposed to assume it was a bit of a jape but that wasnt obvious from the interviews given by the professor an academic title that once commanded respect who led the project He pofacedly pronounced that Bond drank a potentially fatal quantity of alcohol on one occasion and was a consistently heavy drinker over six decades But for heavens sake Bond is a fantasy character So what did this exercise achieve Are the Otago researchers trying to persuade us that we shouldnt try to emulate Bonds drinking That would be consistent with their obsessive taxpayerfunded wowserism But New Zealanders are no more likely to mimic Bonds drinking patterns than they are to tussle with komodo dragons or indulge in any of the other absurd escapades that occur in his movies What the research project really reveals is that the Otago academics dont trust us to distinguish real life from Hollywood escapism just as they dont think we can be trusted to drink responsibly On a cheerful note more appropriate to the festive season it was a joy to hear the prickly Chris Finlayson former Minister of Treaty Negotiations frankly unburden himself on radio of his feelings about the iwi leaders who for years have frustrated attempts to achieve a Treaty settlement in the Far North Finlayson of course is stepping down at the next election so could afford to be blunt But what a shame that politicians should have to wait for their impending retirement to tell us what they really think Posted by Karl du Fresne at 942 AM 9 comments Labels Air New Zealand Alcohol Chris Finlayson James Bond Jcinda Ardern language nationalism Otago University Pronunciation trade unions Thursday December 13 2018 How Trump weaponised distrust of the US media and how the media obliged him by playing along Published in the Manawatu Standard Nelson Mai l and other Stuff regional papers December 12 Whenever I read something about Donald Trump my eyes go straight to the credit line at the bottom of the story to see where it came from If its sourced from the Washington Post or the New York Times I read it with a degree of scepticism These oncegreat newspapers have dangerously compromised their credibility by allowing their almost obsessive dislike of the American president to contaminate their reportage This is made worse by their tendency to allow fact and opinion to become so entangled that its hard to tell where one ends and the other starts Its open season on Trump and many American journalists make it clear that they despise him And actually I understand why they feel that way I despise Trump too and worry about the damage his presidency might do to America and to the world Hes a man who appears to have no moral compass and no respect for the truth He has also consciously and deliberately made an enemy of the media The terrible mistake made by news organisations such as the Washington Post and the New York Times is that they have been suckered into playing his game There is always tension in the relationship between politicians and journalists but its usually kept under control by both sides Not so with Trump He has weaponised public distrust of the media in much the same way as Robert Muldoon did in New Zealand 40 years ago Trump knows as Muldoon did that it can be politically advantageous to portray the media as biased and elitist Trump plays this political card more blatantly and unscrupulously than even Muldoon did repeatedly branding the American media as the enemy of the people Sadly by buying into the adversarial relationship and adopting an openly hostile stance toward the White House the media have perversely enhanced Trumps political capital He can point to their antagonistic coverage as proof that the liberal media cant be trusted to report things fairly and accurately This played well to his supporters on the campaign trail in 2016 and it continues to play well for Trump now because there will always be an element of the public that is prepared to believe the worst of supposedly elitist outoftouch reporters And it has to be said that many journalists are elitist and outoftouch especially in the US where the big media organisations are headquartered far from the neglected heartland where Trumps support base is located That helps explain why the media so dismally failed to foresee Trumps victory in the presidential election The best counter to Trumps game surely is to do what reputable newspapers used to do as a matter of course play it straight News columns are not the place for editorial opinion They should be concerned only with detached factual accounts of what Trump has said or done This doesnt preclude journalists from documenting inconsistencies and obvious untruths or from reporting the turmoil created by Trumps erratic behaviour Neither does it stop columnists and editorial writers from expressing themselves freely in opinion sections But tone is everything and what passes for news coverage in papers like the Washington Post and the New York Times is often freighted with emotive rhetoric and laced with the reporters obvious contempt In those circumstances even readers who dislike Trump are entitled to wonder whether they are getting a reliable unbiased account or whether the media are reporting only what happens to align with their perception Many liberal Americans share this concern A recent programme on National Public Radio which is anything but proTrump attracted calls from listeners who called out media bias As one said I think they the media have decided whats right for everyone and think its their job to convince people All of this leads me in a roundabout way to last months declaration by Patrick Crewdson editorinchief of Stuff that his organisation will no longer give space to the views of people he classifies as climate change sceptics and denialists Okay the parallel with Trump isnt obvious but Stuffs stance does raise a serious question relating to trust in the media When a news organisation decides to shut down dissenting comment on an issue as important as climate change on the basis that the debate is settled it assumes a position of omniscience that will rankle with many readers But far more importantly it raises doubts in readers minds about its commitment to free and open debate I would have thought the media faced enough challenges in the current environment without incurring accusations of elitist bias That threatens to take us into Trump territory and who wants to go there Stuff appended the following editors note to my column Stuff has not shut down discussion on climate change but we will not provide a forum for its factual existence to be countered with fictions and call it balance It added Stuff accepts the overwhelming scientific consensus that climate change is real and caused by human activity We welcome robust debate about the appropriate response to climate change but do not intend to provide a venue for denialism or hoax advocacy That applies equally to the stories we will publish in Quick Save the Planet a Stuff project highlighting climate change and to our moderation standards for reader comments Posted by Karl du Fresne at 1141 AM 1 comment Labels Climate change Donald Trump Journalism media New York Times Robert Muldoon Washington Post Monday December 3 2018 The purpose of journalism Todays Dominion Post reproduces part of an editorial from the Sydney Morning Herald commenting on an Australian philanthropists pledge of 100 million to strengthen Australian journalism and help restore faith in its central role in a healthy democracy The editorial comments The challenge is not just to produce information but to package it and focus it so it has an impact on society and brings about concrete change Right there in one sentence the leftleaning SMH demonstrates two of the besetting faults of modern journalism and the reason why public confidence in the media continues to decline The first is the assumption that the mission of journalists is to change things a mindset encouraged by journalism courses taught by leftist ideologues The second is the conceit that journalists know whats best for us One of the best definitions of journalism that Ive read comes from The Elements of Journalism by Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel It defines the purpose of journalism as to provide citizens with the information they need to make the best possible decisions about their lives their communities their societies and their governments Youll note theres nothing there about promoting change Thats a concept that has taken hold in recent decades along with the pernicious view that objectivity is a myth and that journalists therefore have no obligation to cover issues evenhandedly The proper purpose of journalism remains as Kovach and Rosenstiel defined it not to lead society toward the outcome that journalists think is correct but to give ordinary people the means to make their own decisions about whats in their best interests Posted by Karl du Fresne at 932 AM 5 comments Labels Journalism Sydney Morning Herald Friday November 30 2018 Identity politics and the Pride Parade First published in The Dominion Post and on Stuffconz November 29 There was something strangely familiar about the spectacle of the LGBTQ movement chewing itself up over the Auckland Pride Parade It was vaguely reminiscent of the destructive paroxysms that convulsed New Zealands communist Left throughout the 1950s 60s and 70s as rival factions competed to show who was most faithful to MarxistLeninist ideology The feuding began when Moscow and Beijing fell out and New Zealand communists split into Soviet and Maoist camps The plotting and infighting was so vicious and allconsuming that no one had any energy left to fight the supposed common enemy capitalism As the doctrinal differences became ever more esoteric and breakaway groups peeled off in new directions the squabbling only seemed to intensify As a wise Frenchman wrote a long time ago revolutions have a way of devouring their own Meanwhile life went on Mainstream New Zealand was only dimly aware if at all of the feuding among its suburban armchair revolutionaries There are faint echoes of that era in the turmoil over the Pride Parade In one sense as political scientist Bryce Edwards has pointed out the dispute over whether uniformed police should be allowed to join the parade was simply a classic clash between pragmatists and purists The pragmatic moderates want to work alongside the establishment They accept that police harassment of gays is in the past The radicals however obviously place a high value on their status as an oppressed minority and are determined to remain on the margins Ideologically it suits them to view the police as fascist enforcers of white male supremacy In their own eyes no doubt they remain ideologically pure while the original gay custodians of the parade have sold out Both stances raise interesting questions In respect of the mainstream gay movement the question is whether there even needs to be a Pride Parade Gay rights is no longer the edgy cause it once was Homosexuality has been legal for more than 30 years and gays are allowed to marry If homosexuality is now seen as accepted and unremarkable which is surely what the gay lobby has campaigned for over the past few decades then the battle has been won and gays have no more need of a pride parade than indoor bowlers or model train hobbyists But the more interesting question relates to the zealots who banned uniformed police from participating despite all their efforts to ingratiate themselves with the gay community Here in full view once again is the neoMarxist phenomenon known as identity politics whereby minority groups define themselves by their point of difference whether it be gender class race sexual identity disability or age and by their perception of themselves as oppressed The activists love to talk about inclusivity but in truth they rejoice in their apartness and have little interest in aligning themselves with the mainstream After all why diminish what defines you Besides its no longer a simple case of a single homogenous queer community asserting itself because the queer community has split into multiple factions all pushing different agendas and sometimes fighting among themselves just as in the communist cadres of the 50s and 60s New groups seem to appear by the week Its getting hard to navigate in this increasingly complex ideological landscape Not only do we now have to get our heads around a trans community that virtually no one had heard of a year ago and whose agenda provoked a backlash from feminists but weve also been introduced to a neoMarxist theory called intersectionality Wikipedia defines this as an analytic framework that attempts to identify how interlocking systems of power impact on those who are the most marginalised in society Intersectionality grew out of resentment at the domination of the feminist movement by white middleclass women It holds that if youre a lesbian workingclass woman of colour youre far more oppressed than a Pakeha woman who lives in a restored Thorndon villa and teaches womens studies at university In this new hierarchy of the oppressed it goes without saying that middleclass gay men just dont cut it anymore Small wonder that theyve lost control of the Pride Parade Meanwhile as with the communist schisms of the mid20 th century ordinary New Zealand gets on with life After all identity politics and the associated culture wars are the concerns of a tiny portion of the population But the row over the Pride Parade is the tip of a rather ominous iceberg The difference between the mid20 th century and today is that whereas the oldschool communists never achieved influence beyond the trade unions todays neoMarxists have got traction in politics education the media the arts and even the churches And their aims are similar to undermine destabilise and ultimately deconstruct mainstream society We ignore them at our peril Posted by Karl du Fresne at 811 AM 5 comments Labels communism gay rights intersectionality NeoMarxism Pride Parade Thursday November 29 2018 Pike River a lot of ifs buts and maybes First published in Stuff regional papers and on Stuffconz November 28 This might seem an insensitive question but it needs to be asked Exactly what will be achieved by going back into the Pike River mine The justification for the 36 million reentry operation is often vaguely expressed and seems to vary depending on whos doing the talking Anna Osborne who lost her husband in the Pike River disaster wants the 29 miners remains recovered Bernie Monk whose son was killed talks about wanting justice and accountability The Minister Responsible for Pike River ReEntry Andrew Little says the purpose of the proposed reentry is to better understand the cause of the tragedy and perhaps to recover remains But the crucial question has already been answered There was a series of explosions caused by a buildup of lethal methane gas The mine was highrisk and the hazards were poorly managed This was established by a royal commission of inquiry Will sending in a recovery team provide additional information of such critical importance that it will justify the risk and expense involved Thats the crucial question that not only hasnt satisfactorily been answered but cant be answered because no one knows what the recovery team will find that is assuming the reentry succeeds So what else might be achieved Well human remains might be recovered but again they might not be The police might find evidence that might lead to a prosecution but who knows Thats a lot of mights And overhanging all of this is the possibility that after all the anguish the anticipation and the planning the reentry operation will have to be abandoned because it is either too difficult or too dangerous The project is fraught with ifs buts and maybes So how did we get to this position Its hard to avoid the conclusion that it has come about through a feverish interaction of populist politics media attention and the unresolved grief of the bereaved families all feeding off each other and pushing inexorably toward an uncertain outcome that may turn out to be of dubious merit At the outset I felt enormous sympathy for the Pike River families I still feel for them But as the years have passed that sympathy has been tinged with a degree of cynicism as Ive watched the key players become seasoned media campaigners and political lobbyists They have developed a symbiotic relationship with the Labourled government and been rewarded with a seat at the decisionmaking table Along the way a note of hubris and entitlement has entered the picture This was apparent when a miners mother Sonya Rockhouse demanded an official apology but in the same breath reserved the right to reject it The carefully orchestrated PR event at which the reentry plan was announced would have played well to the public with its hugs and tears and allusions to victory for the little people It also pushed the right buttons for Labour which has close sentimental and historical associations with coal mines and the West Coast But is it good public policy to commit so much money and potentially risk more lives for such an uncertain and illdefined outcome Im not so sure It must also be said that not all the families support reentry Marion Curtin whose son was killed at Pike River courageously spoke out against what she described as an appalling waste of money especially she says given the lack of certainty about what might be achieved Curtin wants her sons remains left undisturbed and says people shouldnt assume that the Pike River activists speak for all the bereaved She has pointed out that coal mines by their nature are dangerous places that involve an element of risk To which it might be added that some of the dead men were experienced miners who must have known about the mines safety shortcomings but chose to work there nonetheless Curtin told Radio New Zealand she loathed the fact that the issue had become so political and that she saw it as sacrilege really to go in fossicking around for remains to go in just to see what they find The key underlying issue here I suspect is that Pike River remains a matter of unfinished business for one very obvious reason no one has been held accountable for the disaster That must gnaw away at the families who have pushed so determinedly for the reentry In the void left by the failure to hold anyone criminally liable the mine reentry has become the focus of the families anger grief and frustration They are looking for what is fashionably called closure but theres no guarantee they will get it And even if they do what will be the cost Posted by Karl du Fresne at 423 PM 2 comments Labels Andrew Little Marion Curtin Pike River Home Subscribe to Posts Atom | [
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http://karmirelaw.com/ | Practicing law since 2007 and a member of the 2017 Indiana super lawyers rising stars Jason L Karmire Attorney At Law Our law offices specialize in the following services Estate Planning Guardianships Real Estate Law Business Law and Personal Injury Call Us Today 3173980909 Although we practice law in all of Indiana we primarily serve the following counties Shelby County Bartholomew County Hancock County Rush County Decatur County Brown County Johnson County Marion County Contact Us CALL US TODAY 3173980909 | [
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http://kateto.net/networks-r-igraph | Network analysis with R and igraph NetSci X Tutorial January 10th 2016 Tags centralization cluster community graph igraph NetSci network network analysis network science network tutorial network visualization plot R reciprocity RStudio centrality transitivity visualization Get the tutorial PDF and code or download on GithHub A more recent tutorial covering network basics with R and igraph is available here If you find the materials useful please cite them in your work this helps me make the case that open publishing of digital materials like this is a meaningful academic contribution Ognyanova K 2016 Network analysis with R and igraph NetSci X Tutorial Retrieved from wwwkatetonetnetworksrigraph Network Analysis and Visualization with R and igraph Katherine Ognyanova wwwkatetonet NetSciX 2016 School of Code Workshop Wroclaw Poland | [
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http://katieleehome.com/ | Oscar Viewing Party My " go - to " hors d ' oeuvres and favorites from the new Cointreau Awards Night Cocktail Collection . Romantic Dinner for Two Bring home a little bit of Paris with this romantic dinner for two . Sweet & Savory This week on The Kitchen - My Grandma โ s Favorite Cinnamon Rolls . Holiday Dinner Party From Wild Mushroom Soup to my favorite Triple Chocolate Brownie recipe ! Our Wedding Gift Bag From custom - embroidered Soludos , Naturally Serious skincare cream , to cards from Ceci New York . Holiday Cocktail Party From Sliders to the โ Perfect โ Manhattan ! Pot Roast Recipes One of my favorite dishes for staying warm THE LATEST Pasta with Cauliflower Alfredo Sauce Recipes Classic Roast Chicken with Croutons Recipes Oscar Viewing Party with Cointreau Cocktails Drinks Rich Chocolate Pudding and Amaretto Whipped Cream Parfaits Dessert Herb - Roasted Potatoes Main Dish Haricots Verts with Grape Tomatoes Main Dish Oysters on the Half Shell with Mignonette Sauce Side Dish Sole Meuniรจre Roasted Beet and Beet Green Salad with Warm Pistachio Salsa Verde Side Dish Chocolate Peanut Butter Balls Dessert Herbie ' s Tacos Lemony Caesar Salad View More Posts Endless Summer Cookbook More than 100 recipe staples for that perfect summer soiree . Learn More | [
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http://katiescrochetgoodies.com/2014/08/newborn-posing-beanbag-pvc-beanbag-stand.html | Home New ? Blog Tour About Me Newsletter Contact Me Privacy & Disclosure Policies Crochet My Patterns Learn to Crochet Links to Friends Pattern Stores Etsy Ravelry Craftsy DIY & Crafts Home Improvement & Decor Kids Food Gift Ideas sewing Teaching Holidays Valentine โ s Day Easter Mother โ s Day Father โ s Day 4th of July Halloween Thanksgiving Christmas Couponing Photography Newborn Posing Beanbag & PVC Beanbag Stand Posted on August 5 , 2014 by Katie As most of you have noticed , I have started my own photography business โ Morning Peach Photography in Tucson , Arizona . I am mostly focusing on newborns . I started out doing photos on my large ottoman , and have recently decided to take it up a notch . I am sharing with you today my newborn posing beanbag , how I filled it up and my DIY PVC pipe beanbag stand ! โ Newborn Posing Beanbag โ I purchased the Posey Pillow Studio Size Newborn Poser , and I absolutely love it ! ! Please note that this comes unfilled , so you will need beanbag filling โ Filling the Beanbag โ When we went to fill up the beanbag , we decided to use a small poster board as a funnel , so we rolled it up , taped it really good and then cut a small hole in one corner of the beanbag filling bag . Then taped the funnel to the hole so we would n โ t lose any ! This was a hit and I am so excited about the big mess that DID N โ T happen ! Yay . One of us held the beanbag and one held the filling bag and we just shook After I had the beanbag filled up , I started measuring to get some ideas of the measurements I wanted for the backdrop stand . Previously I had been using a basic backdrop stand with my ottoman setup as you can see below . Then when I tried it with the beanbag , there were still lots of wrinkles in the fabric backdrop as you can see , so it was time to make a stand so that the blankets could be secured to the sides to pull the blanket tight . โ PVC Pipe Stand โ This should work with beanbags measuring 40 โณ Diameter 12 โณ Rise , UNFILLED . I got all of my materials at Lowe โ s , they cut the pieces to the right lengths for me , and it cost a total of about $ 15 ! Ca n โ t go wrong there , they sell for much more online , and you can break these down so they are portable if you do photography at the client โ s home ! You โ ll need : ( 4 ) pieces 18 inches 3 / 4 โณ PVC for bottom height ( 7 ) pieces 43 inches 3 / 4 โณ PVC for length / width ( 2 ) pieces 22 inches 3 / 4 โณ PVC for additional height for back ( 4 ) corner connectors for the front and back edges ( 2 ) T connectors for the back middle ( 4 ) 3 way connectors for the corners on the floor To make the stand , I wanted the stand to be the same height as the flat part of my beanbag , so I measured and decided on 18 inches tall , this can vary depending on how full your beanbag ends up ! : ) Then I added some height to the back so that the backdrop would be tall enough for shooting photos . I hope you enjoyed this post , please share with any photographers you know & comment with any questions you may have ! Make sure to follow Katie ' s Crochet Goodies on Facebook Pinterest , and Instagram , or subscribe to our Weekly Newsletter ! : ) This post may contain affiliate links , read our Disclosure Policy for more information . Filed Under : Baby DIY & Crafts Photography | [
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http://katools.com/product-support/how-to-projects/bowl-carving/ | 850.877.7650 EMAIL SHOP ONLINE FIND A DEALER Home ABOUT Our History Meet Our Staff Product Safety Roundtable Knights Guinevere โ s Gallery In The News What our customers are saying KAT Products KAT Catalog Fein Angle Grinder Lancelot & Squire Lancelot | Squire SINGLE USE Assembly Instructions PDF Lancelot | Squire FAQ Lancelot | Squire TANDEM COMBO Combo Assembly & Tips Power Carving Kits Holey Galahad Holey Galahad FAQ Galahad CG Igraine Sanders Merlin2 Nick Agar Signature Sets Guinevere Scuff & Buff with Guinevere ! Carbide Burrs Sharpeners Hex Nuts Turning Tools KAT Shop Online SHOP CLASSES SUPPORT Instructions | Manuals Video Library How - To Projects Warranty | Repairs Related Links Privacy Policy Dealer Resources Site Map CONTACT Contact Us Location KAT Dealers You are here : Home Support How To Projects Bowl Carving Bowl Carving Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . 1 - 2 - 3 Bowl Carving With a block of wood and some idea of what you want your finished bowl to look like , you โ re ready to begin Bowl Carving 1 - 2 - 3 . This section has been designed to assist any carver of any level with the how - to โ s of getting there . You โ ll find tips and techniques on making bowls using your power carving tools where the emphasis is on the creative process โ organized in the following step - by - step process . Getting Started everything you should know about wood . โ Cutting with / against the grain โ Cutting with dry wood โ Cutting with green wood + 2 drying methods STEP 1 . Select Your Wood STEP 2 . Secure Your Wood STEP 3 . Select Your Blade STEP 4 . Mark Wall Thickness STEP 5 . Mark Top STEP 6 . Carve & Shape Inside Small Bowls STEP 7 . Carve & Shape Inside of Larger Bowls STEP 8 . Carve & Level Top Rim STEP 9 . Mark & Carve Base STEP 10 . Carve & Shape Outside STEP 11 . Final Shaping with Carbides STEP 12 . Final Sanding with Flap Discs STEP 13 . Applying Finishes Today โ s Wood Carving World . . . While traditional woodturning is still the most established way of making wood bowls , this wonderful art has seen power tools and their accessories come into their own in the past few years . Having tested our product line over the past decade with the best carvers in the world , we have a developed a step - by - step guide to bowl carving . . . . Anyone Can Do It ! Using these tips and depending on the size of your bowl , it can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two hours to carve , shape and sand a bowl . You can carve bowls from start to finish using carving and sanding accessories on one power tool , a 4 - 1 / 2 โณ ( 115mm ) angle grinder . Getting Started โ everything you should know about wood The most important step is the selection of wood . Generally , nut trees and most hardwoods are preferable to fruit trees ( orange , apple , etc . ) Carving with splayed wood ( unpredictable patterns within the wood ) , burls ( irregular shaped , wart like structures growing on tree trunks ) , bark inclusions ( bark trapped in wood ) and knots will enhance the beauty of the bowl . You can carve wood at any stage , whether green , dry or seasoned but you should understand the expected side effects of drying to avoid You may not know that a freshly cut tree may hold 300 % more water than it will after drying . Due to the inevitable drying process , your wood may change drastically . Cracks and checks are common as wood shrinks and dries through the gradual loss of water . Cracks are gaps or separations which can run along the direction of the grain , or radically across the log . With a radial crack , it usually originates from the center , the pith , and the gap becomes wider toward the outer edge of the log . Checks are small splits frequently seen in end grain . This is due to drying occurring very quickly in the exposed cells in end grain resulting in checking or splitting , about an inch ( more or less ) into the board . Radial checks originating from the center can start off as small lines and gradually extend further toward the edge of the log , becoming large cracks over time . What the amateurs do n โ t know To avoid many of the pitfalls most amateurs encounter , you might want to quickly read the pros and cons of what to expect when : A - CARVING WITH vs AGAINST THE GRAIN here are advantages and disadvantages to carving with or against the grain so we leave the choice to you . Most woodturners seem to prefer working with commercial slabs of wood cut along the grain ( length ways up the trunk ) . The difference is the way the grain patterns and other natural features look when the bowl is finished . We do n โ t have any preference - with power carving tools it does n โ t matter โ they cut in any direction and through knots with the greatest of ease . So select the wood B โ CARVING WITH SEASONED WOOD It is preferable to use seasoned wood because it is no longer giving off moisture and will now be at its strongest , hardest and least flexible . It is harder to carve than green wood but all cracking , splitting , shrinking , warping and twisting should by now be over . Also , after carving the bowl , final finish can be applied immediately , which is not the case with green wood . C โ CARVING WITH GREEN WOOD Pros First , it โ s relatively easy to carve , second , is inexpensive when compared to dry or seasoned wood and third , the selection is better . It โ s also very difficult to buy dry or seasoned wood commercially over 3 โณ thick . So carving dry or seasoned large , deep bowls is difficult unless you have your own source and have the resources to have it kiln or air dried . While there are advantages to carving with green wood , the disadvantage or Cons are the potential of cracking and checking after carving unless you take precautions which we โ ll now address . The key is patience and time . As mentioned , if you โ re fortunate to have carved your bowl when the wood is completely dry , you can apply a finish immediately afterward . With green wood you must take care , during and after carving , to allow the wood to dry slowly before applying a finish . Depending on the size , this could take several months , but certainly a lot less time than had you waited to carve the same wood dry . Remember the natural process โ wood will continue to dry until it finds a balance with its environment . Unless you take steps to minimize / eliminate cracking and checking after carving , these conditions will ultimately invade and potentially ruin your work . If you do n โ t let green wood go through the drying stage , there is the inevitability for cracks and splits after you โ ve carved and applied a finish to the bowl . You may think you did a great job , but you โ ll be disappointed when the cracks appear a few months down the road . DRYING GREEN WOOD METHOD 1 In Wet Sawdust One method is to surround the bowl in wet sawdust within a plastic bag , stored in a cool place , preferably with temperature control . In Scotland it will probably be a cellar while in Alabama it will probably be in a workshop or garage . In the States , if possible , store in a location with air conditioning . To track the rate of drying you can weigh it every three days . Log the weight on a chart . Keep the sawdust damp with a watering can . The rate of drying varies with the climate METHOD 2 : Using a Preservative Another method is using a wood preservative like Pentacryl which displaces moisture in the wood to speed up the drying process . It will absorb all the way through the wood and does n โ t discolor it . When dry , the wood can also be finished with conventional finishes and stained with aniline dyes or oil stains . It can be brushed on , sprayed on or you can immerse small pieces into undiluted Pentacryl . At the end of a day โ s carving on green wood , apply Pentacryl with a 2 โณ - 3 โณ Refer to storage conditions above . The next day , you can continue to carve , ( it acts as a lubricant ) but repeat the Pentacryl applications and bowl / cloth / plastic bag storage . Periodically apply coatings again until the wood just wo n โ t absorb any more . We โ ve found this product the best on the market for minimizing cracking and checking ( better than PEG which can be difficult to apply a finish ) . We โ ve even found it will considerably close gaps with repeated applications . Drying time varies in relation to temperature , STEP 1 : SELECT YOUR WOOD There โ s an infinite amount of shapes and sizes to raw wood stock suitable for bowls . Proper wood selection is the first and most important part . There are no rules so it โ s best to experiment . Some of the best pieces come from discarded wood or an accident that someone made right . As mentioned in Getting Started , nut trees and most hardwoods are preferable to fruit trees . Carving burls add a different dimension to the finished work . We โ ve carved in oak , walnut , elm , mulberry , cherry In some of the examples shown , cracks or jagged edges on the bowls were used as features or enhancements . See four examples made out of splayed Elm below . STEP 2 : SECURE YOUR WOOD The first thing to do is to secure the wood in a work bench or vise . Two additional clamps that can hold the width of your block are also advisable . Do n โ t take any chances on wood moving while you โ re working with power carving tools . It can be dangerous to your health ! To achieve the best angles while carving , adjust the position of the wood and clamps as necessary . BEFORE YOU START CARVING make sure you are ; Wearing protective safety clothing and that all instructions for the assembly of accessories to power tools have been faithfully carried out ! I strongly recommend the use of a full face visor โ shavings and chips fall where they may , and sometimes toward your face . Familiar with the benefits and finishes of the seven different combinations . If not , please refer to Tandem Combos which details each one as well as the page on How To Use Lancelot , Squire and the Tandem Combinations ( details how to perform raker , feather , plunge , horizontal , straight cuts etc . ) Aware that the tips are for right handed users . We wish they made angle grinders for left hand users , but as none are available , we go with what we โ ve got . Our apologies to all you lefties โฆ STEP 3 : SELECT YOUR BLADE You โ re nearly ready to remove waste wood from the center and to rough shape the sides . The best combination for large , deep bowls is to use two ( 2 ) 14 tooth Lancelots mounted on a a 4 - 1 / 2 โณ ( 115mm ) angle grinder . With their 1 / 2 โณ wide cut and large teeth , they are the most aggressive combination , doing most of the hard work fairly effortlessly . A single Lancelot or Lancelot - Squire combo will also do the job effectively but not as quickly . The latter is great for shaping curved surfaces . For salad , dough , bread or similar sized bowls , a tandem 22 tooth , or 22 and 14 tooth or single 22 tooth Lancelot will do a great job . STEP 4 : MARK WALL THICKNESS The next step is to determine the shape of the sides and pencil mark the thickness of the walls . For large bowls , mark lines about 1 โณ apart around the top of the wood โ these will be your guide for the initial thickness of the sides during the initial rough carving . This thickness also allows plenty of room for error in case of uneven cuts โ easily corrected with final shaping and sanding . Use calipers to measure the thickness . If you do n โ t have one , you โ ll be working with As the bowl starts to take shape and you determine you want thinner sides , remark new side wall lines around the top , gradually going as thin as you want . If you โ re making small bowls you can mark the sides between 1 / 2 โณ and 3 / 4 โณ . Keep in mind : the thickness will reduce as you continue to remove layers of wood through the carving and sanding process . Marking and remarking allows you to reduce the thickness while allowing for accidental cuts that can easily be corrected . STEP 5 : MARK TOP If the bowl lends itself to a flat top surface , mark a pencil line all the way around the outside close to the top at the level you determine . When the center is gutted out , you โ ll be ready to level carve the top . Refer Step 8 . If , however , you may want to incorporate any natural features as part of the sides and top , carve and shape with the most suitable cuts to achieve the desired result . Burls , knots and uneven edges or indentations add character to bowls . STEP 6 : CARVE & SHAPE INSIDE OF BREAD BOWLS AND DOUGH BOWLS Bread Bowls : As a guide , the design will be long , narrow and shallow . Doug Lamb sent us a bread bowl for french or garlic bread that measures 31 โณ long , 5 โณ wide , 2 - 3 / 4 โณ deep with a hollowed center section 1 - 3 / 4 โณ deep in which to lay the bread . The best cutters for this job are a tandem 22 tooth Lancelot combo โ they leave a smooth , round finish . The way to achieve a symmetrical rounded center is to start at the left of the dough bowls or any piece where you require long , narrow rounded sides and bottom . The rest of the bowl is made using any combination of cuts , including raker , horizontal , straight , slicing and feathering as described further . These bowls do n โ t require a finish , however , if you choose to , any natural vegetable oil , linseed oil or bees wax will do the job . Any finish will darken the wood . These finishes are suggested as a guide only โ refer Step 13 : Applying Finishes for more details . DO NOT place the bowl in a dishwasher . At most , just rinse and wipe dry . Water is wood โ s worst enemy ! STEP 7 : CARVE AND SHAPE INSIDE OF MEDIUM TO LARGE BOWLS Start in the middle of your wood and pull the blades toward you using repetitive plunge and short straight cuts . NEVER PUSH AWAY FROM THE BODY .Work toward the outsides cutting with or against the grain . It wo n โ t take long to rapidly carve deeper into the wood . As you carve closer to the sides , stop plunge cutting about 1 / 4 โณ from the inside pencil line . It leaves jagged strokes on the bottom and sides but side to side and feathering cuts will smooth them out . To further shape the sides , brace and balance yourself as you gently but firmly push upwards and away from your body toward the top of the wood . Use a Note : If you โ re using a Lancelot - Squire combination you can shape the sides with the raker cut . Lancelot on its own utilizes the same cuts as a double Lancelot combination . STEP 8 : CARVE AND LEVEL TOP RIM Do n โ t carve the top until the bowl is hollowed . The fastest way to shape is with the horizontal cut . Turn the grinder on its side so that the face of the twin blades are horizontal to the wood . Hold your left hand over the auxiliary handle , similar to holding a bicycle handlebar , palm down . Comfortably adjust your left hand over the right hand side of the grinder . Brace your legs in a slightly bent but firm position so that they balance your body . Place the Lancelot blades horizontally against the side of the wood , lean into and apply slight pressure as you make a forward cut through the side and around STEP 9 : MARK AND CARVE THE BASE There are two main base types : flat and hollow center bases . The latter has what we call a riser or a rim that is the base . The step is to make a base large enough to support the size of the bowl and will therefore vary according to the shape of the bowl . It can be a circle , triangle , rectangle or irregular โ be creative . Make the size slightly larger than the expected end result โ you need to leave wood for further shaping . Turn the wood over and clamp it down For a Flat Base : To define the base diameter , you should freehand draw or with a compass , mark the outside of the base . As you carve the outside of the bowl , this line is where you stop . The fastest way to get a flat base is utilizing the horizontal cut with a Lancelot tandem combination to skim across the bottom of the base . You can also use repetitive raker or side to side cuts . Use a level to check for accuracy . For a Rimmed Hollow Center Base : First level the base as described above . Next , either freehand or using a compass , pencil mark the outside perimeter . Mark another line about 1 / 2 โณ in and parallel to the first line . Place the Lancelot blades horizontally against the side of the wood , with the top blade level with the top of the base . Lean into and apply slight pressure as you make a forward cut 1 / 2 โณ deep around the edge of the base . Stay about 1 / 4 โณ away from the outside pencil mark . This cut provides the rough rim shape which you fine tune . The center section will be very gently hollowed out between 1 / 4 โณ to 1 / 2 โณ deep using the side to side and raker cut . STEP 10 : CARVE AND SHAPE THE OUTSIDE With the wood clamped securely , begin to carve with short straight strokes or plunge cuts to rough out the outside but be careful with your depth of cut as you work close to the edge and the outline of the base . You do not want to slice through to the other side . Be aggressive but a little more careful as the outside rapidly starts to take shape . On larger bowls , use slicing cuts for waste wood on the surface and sides . A combination of side to side , raker and feather cuts are best as you smooth out any ridges . Finally , use the raker cut gently in either direction to smooth down the surface . Regularly check the thickness of the sides and bottom . As you taper the outside , use whatever natural burls , knots and bark you feel will make the finished product attractive . By now you will have gone most of the way toward removing the majority of the waste . Viola ! The bowl has taken its shape . At this stage remove and inspect the bowl at regular intervals . Fine tune the inside and the outside by gently carving and removing any excess wood . With the heavy work done , you โ ll notice that while the surfaces are relatively smooth , you may have small ridges and unevenness which require touching up . The perfect accessories for the job are any of the Galahad Kutzall carbide abrasive wheels . All of them quickly remove minor obtrusions while completing any final shaping that may be required . The wheels are nowhere near as aggressive or as fast as Lancelot or Squire , and therefore far more forgiving . Looked after properly , they last a long , long time . STEP 11 : FINAL SHAPING WITH CARBIDE ABRASIVE WHEELS Remove the saw chain blades and fit any of the Galahad Kutzall wheels on the angle grinder . As it โ s easier to work on the back of the bowl , secure it so you โ re ready to start shaping this area first . Let โ s get some gratification , hey ! Holding the grinder in the raker position , use a push - pull motion to glide across the entire surface of the bowl . This quickly removes any ridges while simultaneously shaping . Turn the bowl over and start carving the inside with the same Try holding the angle grinder vertically to remove any rough spots from the sides , sweeping from right to left . Another method is to push upwards from the bottom of the bowl toward the top or sweep down from the top to the bottom . When you โ re totally finished , the bowl should be in its final shape . The surfaces will be left with very small round needle like impressions . All that โ s required now is final sanding with the Igraine flap discs . Originally used in metal working , these flap discs are incredible for final sanding , taking the hard work out of what we used to consider the most laborious and tedious part of the whole process . Now it โ s fun ! Note : To clean wood shavings built up in the Galahad Kutzall abrasive wheels , remove wheel and place on newspapers in a well ventilated area , preferably outdoors , spray on โ Easy Off โ oven cleaner and let sit for several hours . Brush clean with a wire brush and repeat application if necessary . Alternatively , use a torch to burn off the wood pulp . Other spray products are available but we find โ Easy Off โ the easiest ! STEP 12 : FINAL SANDING WITH FLAP DISCS The sanding process is the fastest part of the job . Once you โ ve removed the Galahad wheel , 1 ) fit either the bottom disc of any Lancelot or Squire or the grinder โ s flange / adapter as the backing plate over the threaded shaft . 2 ) mount the Igraine course / medium flap disc on top and 3 ) tighten the nut on the angle grinder . Inside sources tell us for rough sanding , this 24 grit flap disc is a real beauty . It โ s your choice which side of the bowl you want to work on first , inside or outside โ at this stage you โ re so close to finishing it does n โ t matter . The objective is to rapidly remove the needle indentations with a quality , robust sander and with this great flap disc , it wo n โ t take long for the job to be complete . In the raker position , use combinations of the push - pull , left to right or right to left passes as you sand the surfaces of the bowl . Inspect your work and continue until all marks have been removed . What you โ re left with is a a bowl with a pretty smooth feel all over but just needs a finer grit to finish up with . Now switch over your grinder to the Igraine medium / fine flap disc . ( This is an 80 grit sander and is as fine as you want to go using an angle grinder at its high rpm โ s . Finer grits clog up rapidly ) . Repeating the same push - pull , left to right or right to left passes as mentioned above . Finish sanding the entire bowl until complete . Remove the bowl and step back to admire your work . Congratulations ! You โ re done with carving and sanding . Next step is applying a finish . STEP 13 : APPLYING FINISHES Any finish is only as good as the final sanding and preparation . All finishes bring out what is beneath , the beauty and the beast ! ( scratches , sand paper grit marks , gouges etc . ) Carving and sanding damage the outer cell layers of the wood surface . Sanding flattens the cells smooth , similar to a car running over grass blades . If left , the fibers will rise causing a rough surface . The next step is to raise the grain . Wet the surface with a damp warm rag and allow to dry . Using a final grit sandpaper , a light sanding will dislodge any damaged cells leaving the surface ready for finishing . A finish is applied to protect the surface and expose the natural beauty hidden in the wood . There are two main categories : Sealing finishes close and protect the surface of the wood , sealing it off from its environment . The bowl requires little upkeep and the emphasis is on protection . Penetrating finishes ( oil ) penetrate the cells and fibers in successive layers where the oil enhances the beauty , richness and warmth of the wood . These pieces require periodic oiling and care . Over time the oil will dry out and wood will become bland . Be careful with water โ it penetrates the oil to leave water marks and spots . Applying Sealants : like urethane varnishes , water borne varnishes , lacquers and waxes are generally applied with a brush or cloth , left to dry , lightly sanded and re - coated , repeating the process to build as thick a surface layer as required . Applying Penetrants : such as tung oil , linseed oil , Danish oils ( there are many oils on the market ) can be coated on with brush or cloth . Be sure to wipe off excess oil after soaking into the wood . If left to sit on the surface , it becomes tacky and extremely difficult to remove . Tung and linseed oil can also be mixed with turpentine and polyurethane on the first few coatings . With small bowls , oil can also be rubbed into the wood with your fingers . This action heats and opens up the Wax finishes : can be applied with buffing wheels fitted to a small bench motor . A popular and effective make is the Beall finishing system , utilizing three sticks of wax ; tripoli , white diamond and carnauba , applied in that order . They remove any fine grit , sand to a brilliant luster and bring out the natural beauty in wood to leave a brilliant protective finish . Colored stains and to a lesser degree , paints may also be utilized to enhance the bowl . With such a vast array of finishes and wood choices available , the choices Bowls for food use : In Europe , many wood utensils , like bowls , spoons , platters , salt and pepper shakers , tub butter holders and the like are used everyday and the wood is intentionally unfinished . Bowls for food use , however , can benefit from a few light protective coatings using vegetable oils , ( canola , olive , peanut ) , linseed oil or bees wax applied with a brush or cloth . The oil will darken the wood , highlighting the grain and beauty . | [
"Bowl Carving"
] |
http://kauai-ranch.com/jurassic-world-filming-location/ | Jurassic World Filming Location A portion of Jurassic World was filmed on Kauai Ranch . Here โ s a link to the official trailer . Jurassic World Taps the Timeless Beauty of Kauai The hype machine is in full motion for the upcoming Jurassic World , which drops in theaters on June 12th , starring Chris Pratt and Bryce Howard . This movie is going to feature a return to the well - established series with a new story line about genetically enhanced dinos and friendly velociraptors , adding a fresh take on the classic โ Dinosaur Park โ concept . For longtime lovers of the franchise and for newcomers who just ca n โ t get enough Pratt , there โ s a lot to love . But it can be easy A Timeless Location A portion of the Jurassic World film was filmed on our fabulous Kauai Ranch , as were sections of the original Jurassic Park over 20 years ago . When you consider the really significant measures that go into the production of a film , it might seem counter - intuitive to think about hauling that equipment , crew , and staff across the Pacific Ocean ! But there โ s a good reason that film companies choose Kauai as a location for their shooting , and it โ s not just that everybody would love a good reason to spend Kauai is a unique place , not quite like any other part on the island . There are verdant plains that spread out in all directions , set against backdrops of massive mountains and pristine coastlines . The lush foliage that threads the land here is overflowing with a casual bounty , and the picturesque vistas that treat the eyes could be seen as nothing less than inspired . Truly , Kauai is the perfect place to represent what the Jurassic series features : a precious slice of land that has preserved across centuries , offering its abundant beauty across Kauai Ranch is a Premier Film Destination Of course , it โ s not just the Jurassic series who have taken note of the wonder of Kauai Ranch . We have also hosted film crews for such projects as The Descendants ( a deeply impactful movie starring George Clooney and based on - location in Hawaii , ) Tropic Thunder , and even NBC โ s the Biggest Loser . So there โ s no doubt that others are aware what a priceless place this is , and the naturally photogenic land will continue to draw people here for many years to come . There is always more to be gained from such a beautiful place , and creative minds will find that the sky truly is the limit when it comes to the possibilities of Kauai Ranch . It offers much more than simply being the land that time forgot , and suggests perhaps something more fundamental : it is the quintessential fantasy setting , a testament to natural beauty and wonder . In one moment you appear to be in the heights of the tropics , but within just a few minutes , you can be in a valley a like something We all know that Hawaii is a beautiful place , but we speak no exaggeration when we say that this place is pure fantasy fuel . You do n โ t need to take our word for it โ just take a look yourself ! Pragmatists will also be satisfied by the accommodations available at Kauai Ranch , which is specifically outfitted to make things seamless and pain - free for production crews . From wide - berth roads to even helicopter pads , we โ ve got everything that you could need to get your production into full swing | [
"JURASSIC WORLD"
] |
http://kawatelab.vet.cornell.edu/ | HOME RESEARCH PAPERS MEMBERS CONTACT PHOTO Membrane proteins in cellcell communication architecture and mechanisms Welcome Extracellular signaling plays a central role in cellcell communication for all multicellular organisms orchestrating various life processes from body formation to brain function This diverse and important signaling is exquisitely controlled by a variety of membrane proteins We investigate how these dynamic and finetuned proteins are built how they releasereceive signals and how they integrate and convey these signals across the cell membrane | [
"Membrane proteins",
"architecture and mechanisms"
] |
http://kawtriple.com/mraxl/carb/carbadj.htm | Basic Carb Adjusting ProceduresGuidelines Exhaust pipesbaffles MUST be clean Clogged pipes can kill top end Excess carbon on pistons can cloud tuning issues Air leaks andor bad crank seals can affect tuning A leakdown test is strongly recommended httpkawtriplecommraxlcranksealtestcranksealtesthtm Low compression cant be compensated for with tuning Change in fuel grades or blends can make tuning requirements change It is best to use premium fuel Before making any adjustments be sure the carbs and jets are clean That means ALL jets pilot needle jet and main are removed and inspectedcleaned httpkawtriplecommraxlcarbVM28jpg Carb body passageways should be blown out with brake cleaner or soaked in carb cleaner for several hours and blown out with compressed air There is a very small air passage in the bell of the carb that clogs very easily and is a major cause of jetting problems Disassembly video Part 1 Disassembly video Part 2 Mikuni VM carbs are designed with three main circuits idle midrange full open httpkawtriplecommraxlcarbmikunicircuithtml Tuning and diagnostics of these circuits is based on throttle position not RPM It is a good idea to mark the throttle with tape at various positions when diagnosing problem areas to make it easier to know which circuit requires attention 1 Set float level per spec httpkawtriplecommraxlcarbspechtml This is usually done by inverting the carb and measuring the float height in the at rest position in reference to the gasket surface with gasket removed Precise setting is made when the float tang just touches the needle plunger httpkawtriplecommraxltipsfloatgagehtm Fuel Level can be used when using a special float bowl If any carb is leaking from the overflow after assembly this problem must be addressed before continuing with adjustments httpkawtriplecommraxlcarbcarbleakhtm 2 Mount carbs and assure there are no air leaks from missing cap gaskets loose fit etc Set all needle clips to the same position ref httpkawtriplecommraxlcarbspechtml Be aware that some carbs S series will allow slides to be fitted backwards and the clamp space may need to be cut wider 3 Set carb sync httpkawtriplecommraxlcarbsynchtm 4 Adjust air screws one carb at a time for highest idle RPM with a warm engine It will require that idle screw is turned to increase RPM for the cylinder to be adjusted Air screw adjustment should be made at 2000 rpm Adjustment should be made in slow small increments If air screw is out more than 1 34 turns for highest RPM a smaller pilot jet should be fitted If air screw is out less than 1 14 turns a larger pilot jet should be fitted Return idle to normal and repeat for next cylinder Idle RPM should The airscrew is a finetuning adjustment designed to allow the carburetor to be slightly adjusted for variances in atmospheric conditions The air screw works with the pilot jet mainly affecting the engines initial starting idling and initial power delivery Proper adjustment of the airscrew can offer direct feed back on pilot jet sizing When adjusting the air screw tightening the screw is richer and loosening it is leaner If you get no RPM fluctuation when adjusting the air screw there is a good chance that there is something clogging the pilot system or the wrong size pilot jet is installed In most cases the pilot jet should be the same as original stock ref httpkawtriplecommraxlcarbspechtml Clean the system thoroughly with carb cleaner and blow out with compressed air A lean setting will cause your engine to surge at very low RPMs bog or cutout when the throttle is opened quickly and have trouble idling down A rich pilot setting will result in hard starting plug fouling at low RPMs sputtering as the throttle is cracked opened Note Kaw specs for air screw setting is just a starting point Adjustment is required for best performance Each carb must be ADJUSTED for optimum idle That is done via AIR SCREW adjustment seeking the point where idle rpm for that cyl is highest That is the point where the fuelair mixture is optimum at idle rpm Starting from scratch unless youre extremely lucky there is no balance between cyls or carbs one cyl will be pulling the other two When this condition exists ONLY the carb on the pulling cyl will respond to adjustment Setting the idle stop to insure that the pulling cyl carb is in control of idle rpm will then allow adjustment of that 5 Idle screw balance should be set so that any clockwise movement of the idle screw from any carb increases RPM Note Once each carb is adjusted they then need to be SYNCed to deliver power equally at the same time This is done in two steps slide position and idle stop screw setting SLIDE POSITION must be adjusted so at any given throttle position the slide opening is the same on all carbs It is accomplished with the cable adjusters on the carbs and should never change once set It is a static adjustment The other SYNC adjustment is BALANCING the carbs at idle so each cyl has equal pull That is done by setting the IDLE STOP screws so that any clockwise rotation of any stop screw increases rpm Use of a mercury indicator is another way to setup carbs but the same principles are applicable The aforementioned settings will primarily affect idle and performance thru 14 throttle position 6 Adjust the needle clip position to affect performance in the 14 to 34 throttle position Raising the clip will lean out the mixture Lowering the clip will richen the mixture When the clip setting is lean the bike will be very zingy sounding Lean in the midrange will rob power and cause the machine to run hot and seize easily or even hole a piston When the clip setting is rich the bike will have a lazy feeling in the midrange Exhaust note will be a little flat sounding In more extreme cases of richness the engine will sputter or kind of crap out in the midrange The safest way to set the clip position is to richen up the clip position setting until the machine loses a little power feels lazyunresponsive then lean it back one position Ideally you like to run the needle setting in either the 3rd or 4th clip position if possible The needle clip jetting is especially critical to your bikes reliability because on average more time is spent in the midrange than any other part of the throttle Most triples pull very hard in the midrange putting quite a load on the engine This makes a lean condition very detrimental to 7 Main jet size affects 34 to full throttle performance Plug chops can help determine correct jetting The main jet does not effect the jetting for starting and idling It plays no part on low RPM or mid RPM jetting either The main jet is very important to your bikes overall tuning but should never be over emphasized at the expense of needle tuning or other facets of your carburetion tuning When the main jet is lean the engine will experience detonation or pinging Exhaust note will be of a higher tinier type note Engine will over heat easy and can be down on horsepower A moderately lean main jet can cause engine seizures A severely lean main jet can cause the engine to burn a piston hole in top When the main jet is rich the engine will be a bit flat or lazy at to full throttle giving off a flat dead sounding exhaust note When the main jet is severely rich the engine will sputter in the high RPMs and have a lot of trouble making power up top The safest way to get the main jet setting as near correct as possible is to richen the main jet setting up until the engine begins to lose power and sputters at WOT Then reduce jet size until sputtering disappears and WOT is clean and crisp A plug chop can be done to fine tune main jet size httpkawtriplecommraxlcarbplugchophtm TUNING TIPS Giving a little choke at various throttle positions can help determine if you need to be richer at that throttle position Altitude humidity type fuel premix filters and pipes can alter jetting requirements httpkawtriplecommraxlcarbjettinghtml Note that use of kits will many times cause problems Usually gaskets and float valves are the only parts worthwhile in the kits Jets may or may not be what you need and needle taper is not stock The float controls fuel level in the float bowl at the bottom of the carburetor It has no effect on jetting but can cause some symptoms that can be easily confused with a jetting problem If the fuel level is too low for example it can cause a bog similar to a lean condition Make sure engine has passed a pressure test It can be virtually impossible to tune an engine with an air leak It is imperative that you establish a solid baseline with proper assembly and an air leak free engine Note On a 2Stroke engine there is absolutely no way to be sure your engine DOES NOT have an air leak without properly performing a pressure test Establish that the engines compression is not weakened Any loss of compression for whatever reason will give off signs that engines jetting is rich Any loss of compression on a 2stroke engine should be followed by a top end disassembly and inspection of piston rings cylinder liner etc Compression Test How To Always use a quality name brand gauge SNAPON Best Choice Note length of threaded probe in relation to spark plug length Perform test with engine cold throttle wide open Kick machine over until needle quits moving 1015 kicks normal Perform 3 separate tests record results It is always a wise idea to perform a compression test on a fresh engine right after breakin to use for future reference Spark Plug To properly tune a 2 Stroke engine it is imperative to have a good quality spark plug that is functioning properly This means that the plug can not be too old or partially fouled Spark plug gap is essential an improperly gapped plug or partially fouled one can cause the engine to run poorly sometimes appearing to be a jetting problem when in reality the problem originates at the spark plug Also make sure you are using the correct heat range Weak Spark Weak spark is not only detrimental to your engines performance but can make tuning your engine a nightmare Weak spark will make the engine run rich When an engine is running rich due to weak or poor spark the machines performance will slowly continue to deteriorate Some common causes of weak or poor spark can be a failing or faulty coil winding faulty plug cap or plug wire failing coil improper ground etc Plug Color Ideal plug color is a chocolate brown A rich plug will be a darkish brown or black May be oily and sooty A lean plug can be a light brown or gray some severe cases can be white Plug color must be checked after a plug check has been run To perform plug check run engine at specific RPM that reading is desired for at least 5 seconds then turn off engine without letting RPMs fall This test is very difficult to perform at any RPM other than wideopen throttle It can take years to learn how to accurately and precisely read spark plugs For amateurs plug color should not be the only piece of evidence used to adjust jetting Plug reading should be evaluated with other jetting evidence to achieve a proper conclusion on tuning Fuel The fuel used in your triple is very influential in tuning your engine Premium grade fuel is recommended Various grades brands and ethanol levels can cause inconsistent jetting feedback and make your engine run hotter than normal Baffles 2 Stroke baffles must be functioning properly A clogged poorly maintained baffle can cause the engine to run funny making tuning difficult An excessively packed baffle can also cause a tuning difficulty making the engine lose power and run rich Exhaust Pipe Check your pipe for severe dents in head pipe section or end cone area dents in these areas may affect tuning Also check for carbon build up inside pipe Any carbon build up at all is not desirable Heavy build up will hamper engine tuning and rob power Pipes with these problems should be replaced Pipes must be used that are designed for the engine Just because they fit does not mean they are tuned for your displacement etc Air Filter It is highly recommended to do your initial engine tuningjetting with a new air filter A used filter will never quite work as perfect as new one Old dirty improperly serviced filters will severely hamper proper engine performance and tuning Some aftermarket clampon filters can make tuning difficult When performance is critical use a new filter One Change at a time When tuning a carburetor only make one adjustment at a time This is a good rule to follow so the tuner will not get confused or mislead from false information Keeping to one adjustment at a time will help ensure that you will always know what effect each adjustment had on the engine Unresponsive If during the jettingtuning process you have made a number of adjustments especially main jet or needle clip to the carburetor and the engine has not changed There is a strong possibility that something other than carburetion jetting is causing your engine to perform incorrectly Jetting is a constant When adjustments are made to a machine with all components working properly the engine will respond in some way Depending on the adjustment made the bike will either run better or worse but there is almost always some form of change When changes are made without any response it is Proper Slide Throw It is always a good idea to confirm that the carburetor slide opens and closes all the way This should be done with carburetor hooked up but not attached as to physically see slide travel thru its complete stroke Fine Tuning Here is a link to a more detailed tuning procedure not written specifically for triples in pdf format Listed below are some tips that may be helpful to fine tune andor correct carb tuning issues Surging is a common problem with H2s Surging is a symptom of a lean condition Lots of folks try to cure it with oversized pilot jets but the best fix is to use 20 cutaway slides and careful slide sync Slide cutaway changing slides one size can leanrichen mixtures at 18 12 throttle settings The smaller the number the richer the mixture ie 20 is richer than 25 Slides can be built up to reduce cutaway with JB Weld to richen mixture or by removing 0020 from the bottom of the slide Needles can have washers added beneath the clip to raise the needle less than one full clip length Sudco carries special washers for this purpose Sparkplug gap can be varied to optimize power output Air intake to carb body can influence tuning Short air filters with blocked ends may cause tuning problems Foam UNI Filters have been known to cure some flat spot tuning ills Stock inlet tubes smooth air flow and are sometimes better than aftermarket pods UFOs have reportedly improved tuning performance Polishing intake ports is NOT a good thing to do Machining intake adapter ID to match cylinder intake port IS a good thing to do John Aylor wrote The pilot system is the pilot air screw and a bit of the slide cut out At very low air flow through the carb about to 18th throttle The fuel is fed in front of the slide engine side high vacuum side when there is not enough vacuum to pull fuel up through the needle jet The airscrew adds air to the fuel to get the correct fuel ratio for idle and just off idle combustion Then you get into 18th to 14 throttle The pilot is supplying all the fuel it can flow still but now there is too much air flowing through the carb for the fuel the pilot can supply and the mixture goes lean Here is where the slide cut out comes in The angle at the back effects the speed of air over the main jet The higher the cut out the slower the air A 30 cut out will be leaner than a smaller 25 cut out Now there is enough air flow over the main jet to pull fuel The pilot system is the easiest to get in parameters Get the motor to operating temp turn in and out the the air screws one at a time to get the highest idle and count the turns out Then adjust the pilot size to get the air screw in the proper range and thats it unless you have a drastic temp or altitude change The needle jet and the needle just work on a very simple math area principle When the diameter of the needle is close to the inside diameter of the needle jet there is little room for the fuel to flow by the needle The needles are tapered so as the slides are raised the needle diameter gets smaller increasing the area between the needle and needle jet diameter allowing more fuel through the needle jet And of course when raising or lowering the needle in the slide this adjusts the fuel through the needle jet at that particular throttle setting Then leaving the pilot system alone you get the 14 throttle correct basically taking off from a stop If it burbles or goes flat you are looking at needle position and slide cut out The needle adjustments are a bit coarse in this throttle area and of course you are effecting up to 34 throttle moving the needle When you get the take off correct then you check the rest of the midrange up to 34 throttle If you have to adjust the needle then it will throw off the take off and a slide cut out adjustment is in order Now this gets a bit complicated getting into different needle tapers but it seems you are close enough without having to change needles So when you get the slide cut out correct for take off this also effects the pilot system so you have to check the pilot system again and adjust again if necessary to get the air screw in the correct range All this should be done with a huge main jet installed to And this on properly set up carbs takes us up to 34 throttle By the time you are to 34 throttle the needle is still in the main jet BUT if you take the diameter area of the needle and subtract it from the diameter area of the needle jet it needs to be LARGER than the diameter area of basically a way too rich main jet That way when you are jetting the main jet 34 to full throttle the restriction in the fuel delivery system is ONLY the main jet You can Lean seize a motor with a huge main jet because the restriction is in the needleneedle jet and not This is why in the Sudco manual they have you start with the pilot system then mid range and then main jet When properly tuning a new carb set up you put in a huge main jet Then get your bottom and midrange perfect up to 34 throttle and anything higher is just burbly fat This way you KNOW the needleneedle jet is NOT the 34 to full throttle fuel restriction Then you jet down the main | [
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http://kaylanails.com/ | Currently we do not have promotions Sale OFF Promotion Currently we do not have promotions We will provide new incentives program soon WalkIns welcome Our goal is to give customer the best service about manicure pedicure treatments waxing and facial We have many kinds of gel color shellac product with a lot of different colors to satisfy the customers needs We would love to serve and please our customer with happiness and satisfaction Our technicians are highly trained and have state license for manicure and pedicure treatments waxing eyelash extension and facial Kayla Nails commitment to cleanliness Immediately after every use our files buffers and pumices are discarded or returned to you per your request Our used instruments are sterilized after being used Whats New How to Make Newspaper Nails Kayla Nails is perfect place to host a bridal shower baby shower birthday corporate event or get together with your friends family or coworker We help arrange catering service and provide glassware Spa parties canceled without a 24hour notice are subject to payment in full | [
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] |
http://kazakhstan.mit.edu/ | Main Geography People Economy Media Links ะะฐะฝะดะพั ะัะฐะทะฐะปะธะฝ About the project Kazakhstan ( Kazakstan , Qazaqstan , Republic of Kazakhstan ) is a big country located in Central Asia which is ranked as the ninth largest country in the world . It is also the world ' s largest landlocked country ; its territory of 2,727,300 km . sq . is greater than Western Europe . It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , Turkmenistan , and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea . Kazakhstan is very ethnically diverse , with only a slight majority of Kazakhstanis being ethnic Kazakh . Other ethnic groups include Russian , Ukrainian , Uzbek , German , and Uyghur . Religions are Sunni Muslim , Russian Orthodox , Protestant , and other . Kazakhstan is a bilingual country . The Kazakh language has the status of the " state " language , while Russian is declared the " official " language . Russian is used routinely in business ; 64.4 % of the population speaks the Kazakh language . Education is universal and mandatory through the secondary level We ' ve just started . We ' ll be updating the site and posting more exciting media about the country . News will be posted on this page : 10.10.2010 - Links to Kazakhstan projects at MIT have been added . 09.10.2010 - The website " kazakhstan . mit . edu " has been updated . | [
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http://kb.its.psu.edu/node/2835 | Can I create new folders in which to store my email WebMail Webmail FAQ Was this helpful Give it 25 Give it 35 Give it 45 Give it 55 No Can I create email filters up Can I include attachments with my messages This Knowledge Base Set to Retire The IT Knowledge Base kbitspsuedu is being phased out and will be permanently shut down on June 30 2019 Over the coming months all relevant content about Penn State IT services will be moved to helppsuedu the new easiertouse knowledge base within the Because content at kbitspsuedu may now be out of date please go to helppsuedu to find the documentation you are seeking More details and contact information about the retirement is available in the IT Public Knowledge Base Book Navigation Accounts Canvas chatpsuedu CSRS Curriculum Data Warehouse IMAP POP3 Eudora to Eudora OSE Upgrade Help Resources How to Determine Mailbox Classification How to Display Full Headers IMAP junk Folder Configurations Spam Quarantine Overview Spam Quarantine FAQ UCS Changing your Penn State email address alias Email Phishing and Reporting Email accounts after graduation Eudora AUTHSMTP Sending Fix Forwarding your Penn State Email SPAM Filters Creating ClientSide Filters WebMail WebMail Best Practices WebMail FAQ Basic WebMail Features and Use Getting Started Logging Out PSU Dictionary TroubleshootingGetting Help Using WebMailThe Inbox and Other Message Features Can I create email filters Can I create new folders in which to store my email Can I include attachments with my messages Can I send email formatted as HTML Can I sort messages How can I search for messages sentreceivedsaved How do I add contacts to my address book How do I check my email via WebMail How do I compose a new message How do I deletemove email messages How do I read my email messages If an attachment is sent to me how can I retrieve it Why am I receiving the Empty Trash alert WebMail Importing the mailbox into Thunderbird iTwo Listserv Lyndacom MeetingPennState MicrosoftKivuto PASS Secure Certificates Software Asset Management SOS Security UMG User Managed Groups UNIX VM Hosting VOIP Phones VPN Web Space 2FAPSU Self Service Portal | [
"IT Knowledge Base"
] |
http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/21361/~/how-to-connect-your-wn2000rptv1-extender-to-your-wireless-router | How to connect your WN2000RPTv1 extender to your wireless router This article will help you install and setup your NETGEAR WN2000RPTv1 WiFi Range Extender . Note : This article assumes the WN2000RPT is in a factory default state at the beginning of the setup process . You can restore the extender to factory default settings by pressing the recessed Restore Factory Settings button on the rear panel . When setting up your extender , NETGEAR recommends that you bring the device into the same room as your wireless router . Once the setup is complete and you have a working connection to the wireless router , move the extender to a desired location . For tips on choosing the best location for your extender , see Where should I place my NETGEAR Wi - Fi range extender ? Power on your extender and wait for extender LED status to turn green . On your wireless computer , look for the wireless network named NETGEAR_EXT . This is the default name for your extender . Note : If you can not see the extender ' s wireless network , make sure the wireless capability of your laptop is on . If your laptop detects wireless networks without problems , it is recommended to reset your extender to factory default settings . If you have successfully connected to your extender , open a web browser to start the extender Smart Wizard . Select a language and click Continue Smart Wizard will search for existing wireless networks within range . After the search is complete , a list of wireless networks will be displayed . Select the name of your existing wireless network that you want to extend , and click Continue . Enter your router ' s wireless key or passphrase and click Continue You have an option to change the suggested Name or SSID for your extender . After you are done with the extender name , click Type the new password for your extender ' s wireless network in the p assphrase field and click Your extender is now connected to your home router . You can now connect wireless devices to the new network name . Once you have connected to your extender , click I have connected to the extender network to finish the setup . WN2000RPT FAQs Setting up NETGEAR Wi - Fi Range Extenders Troubleshooting NETGEAR Wi - Fi Range Extenders Last Updated : 11 / 28 / 2016 | Article ID : 21361 Was this article helpful ? Yes No | [
"wireless router",
"Wi-Fi range extender"
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http://kb.rspca.org.au/What-should-I-feed-my-backyard-chickens_305.html | What should I feed my backyard chickens ? Article ID : 305 Last updated : 21 Mar , 2016 Revision : 29 Print Subscribe Email to friend Share Add to pool Views : 643656 Feeding your chickens a complete and balanced diet is essential if they are to stay healthy and lay lots of lovely eggs ! Chickens will eat almost anything so to prevent deficiencies and health problems , a wide range of foods should be offered . A good quality poultry pellet should be the mainstay of their diet . If the poultry pellet is provided in a commercial dispenser this tends to help keep the pellet dry . Grain ( such as wheat and corn ) can also be scattered within their environment to augment their diet . In addition to a good quality poultry pellet , a variety of fresh fruit and vegetables can also be given daily . Examples of raw fruits and vegetables that can be fed include : Bok choy , silverbeet , spinach , endive , chickweed , cabbage , vegetable peels and fruit ( e.g. banana ) . In addition , table foods such as wholemeal rice , rolled oats , cooked pasta , beans , bread and legumes can be offered as well occasionally . If you are unsure about the safety of a particular foodstuff check with your veterinarian and / or experienced chicken owner first . For birds that are laying large numbers of eggs , an easy and high calcium supplement is dried egg shell ground to a powder and added to their normal feed . Layer pellets are supplemented with calcium as well . Soft or thin shelled eggs may indicate calcium problems in your birds . Chickens are extremely sociable animals and must be kept in numbers of two or greater . For this reason , feeding chickens is a group exercise . Monitor the chickens to ensure dominant birds are not excluding weaker or younger birds which may need to be fed separately . If you notice any changes in your birds feeding behaviour or appetite please consult with your veterinarian . Make sure scraps do n ' t contain anything that is high in fat or salt , and avoid feeding anything that is rancid or spoiled . Provide a constant supply of coarse shell grit and access to earthworms and burrowing insects in leaf litter and compost . Provide access to garden plants including pulled weeds ( beware and avoid any poisonous plants ) . A weed lawn instead of a monoculture lawn is recommended for free range hens . Do not feed : Rhubarb , avocado , chocolate , onion , garlic , citrus fruits or lawn mower clippings ( as these can become mouldy quickly and mouldy food can make chickens very sick ) . Clean water must always be readily available . In winter , ensure that iced waterers are cleared each morning to allow access . Reference : InnerSouth Veterinary Centre : http : / / www . innersouthvets . com . au / birds / nutrition - information - sheets / The NSW DPI has a handy information sheet which provides further details : Small - scale Poultry Feeding . pdf Check your state / territory Department of Agriculture or equivalent for information about swill feeding laws in your state . In Queensland for example , swill feeding poultry is banned : swill feeding This article was : 1 3 5 8 10 | [
"poultry pellet",
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http://kb.winzip.com/kb/entry/394/ | Search : Advanced search WinZip - Knowledgebase Categories Customer Service ( 12 ) Service information including registration , purchases , installing , and licensing WinZip - FAQ ( 25 ) Frequently Asked Questions about WinZip products WinZip ( 7 ) Knowledge Base articles regarding WinZip WinZip Express ( 6 ) Knowledge Base articles about WinZip Express features WinZip Courier ( 11 ) Knowledge Base articles regarding WinZip Courier WinZip Mac Edition ( 9 ) Knowledge Base articles regarding WinZip Mac Edition Cloud Services ( 6 ) Knowledge Base articles about storage and sharing through cloud services and WinZip applications WinZip for phones and tablets Knowledge Base articles regarding WinZip versions for cell phones and tablets WinZip Self - Extractor ( 16 ) Knowledge Base articles regarding WinZip Self - Extractor WinZip Command Line Add - On ( 19 ) Knowledge Base articles regarding WinZip ' s Command Line Add - On Knowledge Base Archive ( 3 ) Older WinZip application information Most viewed WinZip - What is my registration code ? How to register WinZip software with a registration code How to extract gzip and tar files on the command line How do you encrypt files in a Zip file with WinZip ? How do I contact WinZip technical support about a problem ? Recent articles WinZip - What is my registration code ? How to handle a particular issue with .z archives How to extract gzip and tar files on the command line WinZip Universal User Guide Information about WinZip and UNIX compress files Powered by KBPublisher ( Knowledge base software ) | [
"WinZip"
] |
http://kbhgames.com/yu-yu-hakusho-war/ | โบ Play Game Info Reviews Share Yu Yu Hakusho War KBH Games Cartoon Games Yu Yu Hakusho War Yu Yu Hakusho War is based on the popular anime tv - show . Join the spirit detectives as they fight their way to save the day . Nine levels of action pack fun . Unlock new heroes and fight powerful bosses . As Always , Good Luck and Have Fun . Instruction : Player 1 : WASD : move J : attack / pick up item K : Jump L / U : Skills I : Nirvana O : Throw Weapon Player 2 : Arrows : Move 1 : attack / pick up item 2 : Jump 3 / 4 : Skills 4 : Nirvana 6 : Throw Weapon ESC : pause 2 Player Action Anime Arcade Cartoon Fighting Manga TV Show ร ๐ | [
"Yu Yu Hakusho War"
] |
http://kbs.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/289/~/what-is-a-base-table%3F | Skip Navigation Log In | Sign Up Support Home Answers Ask a Question My Stuff Account Overview Support History Account Settings Service Contracts Notifications Site Search What is a base table ? Published 09 / 04 / 2002 10 : 40 AM | Updated 11 / 29 / 2012 11 : 18 AM What is a base table ? A base table is a physical structure that contains stored records . This structure can have any physical format as long as it can be presented to the user as a collection of rows and columns . To illustrate , the SQLPROJ global can be mapped as the table PROJECTS SQLPROJ ( PROJ_NO , 1 ) = DATA_1 โ โ , 1 ) PROJECT โ โ , 2 ) BUDGET โ โ , 3 ) LEADER Once the PROJECTS table has been mapped , the data can be accessed with SQL statements such as the one below . SELECT PROJ_NO , PROJECT , BUDGET FROM PROJECTS Results : PROJ_NO PROJECT BUDGET - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100 PHARMACY 50000.00 200 LABORATORY 80000.00 300 MEDICAL RECORDS 30000.00 400 ACCOUNTING 55000.00 What is a view ? What is an index table Was this answer helpful ? Yes No Copyright ยฉ 1988 - 2011 Knowledge Based Systems , Inc . All rights reserved . KB_SQL is a registered trademark of Knowledge Based Systems , Inc . All products are registered trademarks of their respective companies . | [
"base table",
"physical structure",
"rows and columns"
] |
http://kcur.org/post/missouri-legislature-goes-meltdown-mode-final-hours-after-passing-blue-alert-bill | Missouri lawmakers target St . Louis ' minimum wage hike on hectic last day of session By Marshall Griffin May 12 , 2017 House Democrats , including Rep . Bruce Franks Jr . , raise their hands to speak about the $ 10 - an - hour minimum wage in St . Louis . File | Carolina Hidalgo | St . Louis Public Radio Originally published on July 10 , 2017 12 : 32 pm Forty - five bills to Gov . Eric Greitens later , the Missouri General Assembly adjourned Friday having dealt with some high - priority items like right to work , banning cities from raising their minimum wage , complying with a federal ID mandate and making it harder to sue for workplace discrimination . But other sought - after bills fell by the wayside , including one that would have allowed Missouri to shed its status as the last state in the U.S. without a prescription drug monitoring program and another getting rid of lobbyist gifts to officeholders โ something Greitens campaigned on . Numerous lawmakers had criticized Greitens for lecturing them on ethics but then benefiting from a politically active nonprofit that supports his agenda . However , Greitens was bullish at Friday evening โ s news conference . โ I think it โ s very clear that we โ ve had the most successful start of any conservative administration in a generation , โ he said , adding later , โ Career politicians will make a lot of excuses . But the fact is , they can easily vote to stop accepting gifts from lobbyists . โ There had been talk that Greitens would call a special session , but he said only that his team will meet over the weekend to discuss the potential of doing so . He also did n โ t indicate whether he โ d sign the workplace discrimination or minimum wage measures . Republicans held both chambers and the governor โ s office for the first time since ex - Gov . Matt Blunt was in office , and though some gave their party high marks , it was clear there was friction among the ranks . When asked if the chaotic Friday โ when the House and Senate saw mini - meltdowns in the afternoon โ would affect how a special session proceeds , Senate Minority Leader Gina Walsh said , โ I ca n โ t answer that , because we have n โ t caucused . โ โ You know the PQ [ previous question ] to me , it โ s terrible , โ the Democrat from Bellefontaine Neighbors said , referring to the motion to end a filibuster . โ I do n โ t like to see it . But when people are calling points of orders or objecting and they โ re not recognized for that , that really saddens me . Because we move to a place like all of us have served , in the House โ where there โ s complete chaos . โ Here โ s a look at what happened on the final day of session , as well as a breakdown of what did and did n โ t come to fruition since January . Rep . Peter Meredith argues against an emergency clause on the minimum wage bill after a vote to pass the bill . Credit Carolina Hidalgo | St . Louis Public Radio St . Louis โ new $ 10 - an - hour minimum wage , which had only been in place for a week , will die come Aug . 28 if Greitens signs the measure sent to him by the House on a 109 - 43 vote with about a half - hour left on Friday and after no debate . The bill prevents cities and communities across Missouri from setting a rate higher than the state โ s ( currently $ 7.70 an hour ) , which is linked to inflation . That also means Kansas City will not be able to vote in August vote whether to raise its minimum wage to $ 13 an hour . Supporters of the legislation say the market , not the government , should set the minimum wage . But Democrats had argued the bill denies local governments the right to decide what their citizens should be paid . And St . Louis Mayor Lyda Krewson weighed in , saying in a statement that Missouri has " pre - empted cities from enacting laws on many issues , including guns , cold medicine and now our minimum wage . Every city and town in our state does not have the same issues , needs or economy . " She added that she ' ll work to get a " minimum wage on the ballot since our state legislature wo n ' t address it . " St . Louis โ new ordinance had been held up in court since shortly after the Board of Aldermen approved it in 2015 , but the state Supreme Court in February tossed out a 1998 state ban barring municipalities from approving a minimum wage higher than the state โ s โ effectively , the bill sent to Greitens . If he signs it , it โ s likely to end up in court . House Republicans talk during the last day of the legislative session . Credit Carolina Hidalgo | St . Louis Public Radio Greitens turned the Capitol lights blue on Thursday night to signal his support for an Amber Alert - type system , and lawmakers heeded the call Friday morning . The House voted 117 - 29 Friday to send him an omnibus piece of legislation that creates the system to send out notices by broadcast and social media whenever a law enforcement officer is assaulted . Democratic Rep . Donna Baringer of St . Louis said Blue Alert could help police apprehend someone who hurt a fellow law enforcement officer , noting , โ It ' s not ever meant for an individual to follow or pursue . โ But Democratic Rep . Peter Meredith of St . Louis said he was concerned the Blue Alert system would promote vigilante justice . " This would be the first time we use this alert system not to rescue someone in imminent danger like a child with an Amber Alert . But to actually hunt down a suspect . Someone who has not been found guilty in a court of law , who ' s innocent until proven guilty . " The original bill , to which the Senate tacked on several provisions , will make it a felony for someone who had been deported from the U.S. to re - enter Missouri and commit a violent crime . Supporters say it goes after the worst of the worst offenders , while opponents say it would contribute to a hostile environment against immigrants and that law - abiding immigrants could wind up being targeted . Other provisions in the omnibus bill include tougher penalties for certain crimes if the victim is a police officer , and tougher penalties for such things as trespassing , property damage , and leaving the scene of an accident . Rep . Crystal Quade was a supporter of a plan to fund in - home care for low - income elderly Missourians . What was a fight all week ( and for 30 minutes in the House on Friday ) ended up being the final piece of legislation sent to Greitens before the 6 p.m. deadline . At issue was how to protect 8,000 low - income seniors and disabled people who under the budget as sent to Greitens would lose access to in - home and nursing home care . House Speaker Todd Richardson , a Republican from Poplar Bluff , took the unusual step of sponsoring a last - minute amendment Friday aimed at pressuring the Senate to go with the House approach . But Rep . Deb Lavender , a Democrat from Kirkwood who helped craft the Senate ' s version , shouted at House leaders , " How dare you ! " Lavender had been the architect of the Senate version which called for rounding up $ 35 million in unspent money from dozens of state bank accounts in order to cover the health care costs for one year . Richardson said he questioned the legality of the idea . But right before 6 p.m. Friday , enough House members voted for the Senate bill and sent it to Greitens . Lavender apologized on the House floor for losing her cool earlier , and wept after the final vote . Senator Maria Chappelle - Nadal reads about the Manhattan Project out loud after the house voted down a bill to create a fund to buy out dozens of homeowners near the West Lake Landfill . The Missouri House voted 65 - 79 ( 12 voted present ) on Friday to kill off a bill that would have set up a special fund to buy out roughly 90 homeowners who live near the contaminated West Lake Landfill . The Superfund site is overseen by the federal Environmental Protection Agency , stores contaminated waste from the atomic bomb production during World War II . The neighboring Bridgeton Landfill is under the state โ s jurisdiction and has an underground smoldering fire that some fear could spread to West Lake . Rep . Holly Rehder , R - Sikeston , sponsored a bill to create a prescription drug monitoring database . Credit Jason Rosenbaum | St . Louis Public Radio Earlier in the week , main House bill sponsor Holly Rehder , R - Sikeston , said she โ d agree to the Senate โ s demands of both mandating physicians to take part in the prescription drug database and requiring all patient information to be purged after six months , even though she believed the latter would make it harder to spot drug abuse . Her initial bill would have made the database optional for physicians but kept the records permanently . But it did n โ t come up for a vote , and several cities and counties in Missouri already have set up their own drug monitoring databases , which help combat the state ' s opioid crisis . Gov . Eric Greitens speaks to news reporters following the end of the legislative session in Jefferson City . REAL ID Missouri all but removed itself from the short list of states that had n โ t yet complied with the 2005 federal REAL ID law by sending Greitens a bill Thursday to resolve that . Missouri residents will be able to choose between a compliant ID or a noncompliant ID , but the free voter ID will not be compliant . A compliant ID allows residents to board airplanes and get into federal courthouses and military installations come Jan . 22 , 2018 . Workplace discrimination The measure requires an ex - employee to prove that the main reason he or she lost a job was race , sex , age or national origin , not just one of a few factors . Rep . Joe Don McGaugh , R - Carroll , said Monday that the bill is needed to counter " judicial overreach " that โ s allowed too many people to sue for alleged discrimination . But Democrats and the state chapter of the NAACP argued would allow legalized discrimination and return Missouri to the days before civil rights reforms . Right to work Missouri became the nation ' s 28th right - to - work state in February , when Greitens signed a bill that bars unions and employers from requiring workers to pay dues . It takes effect in August . Supporters say will help bring jobs to Missouri , but organized labor says the legislation will lead to lower wages and have an uncertain impact on economic growth . Uber - Lyft Greitens signed a bill last month that deregulated ride - hailing services like Uber and Lyft across Missouri . The rules require each company to pay a $ 5,000 licensing fee , which will go to the Missouri Department of Revenue , and set up separate contracts with airports . Individual drivers would have to have liability insurance and submit to background checks , but would n โ t be required to obtain a chauffeur โ s license . Members of the Missouri State Senate work through the final day of the General Assembly ' s legislative sessions . Lobbyist gift ban Hermann Republican Rep . Justin Alferman , who sponsored the bill to ban lobbyist gifts , told The Associated Press that there ' s no way the bill will pass before the deadline . Greitens had pledged during his campaign to ban all lobbyist gifts . Abortion regulations The legislation to tighten regulations on abortion providers and set a U.S. precedent regarding the notification process for minors who want to have abortions did not come up during the final week of the session . Anti - union measures Two measures that would have curbed unions โ power did n โ t make it in a session that saw right to work be signed into law . Prevailing wage would have let cities and counties could set hourly wages for public construction projects that are lower than what labor unions say people should be paid . And the so - called paycheck protection bill would have barred public employee labor unions from withholding dues from public - sector workers โ checks without their yearly written or online permission . It also barred dues from being used for political purposes without an employee โ s permission . Education Savings Accounts A tax credit program โ called education savings accounts , or ESAs โ that foster children , children with disabilities and children of military personnel could have used for private school tuition . The measure also would have required individual schools , not school districts , to be accredited by the state ; expanded the school transfer law to allow students to attend charter and virtual schools ; and allowed students to transfer to either public or private nonreligious schools outside an unaccredited school district . Members of the Missouri House of Representatives throw paper in the air to mark the end of the legislative session in Jefferson City . Greitens has the chance to enshrine " Old Drum " as the state dog . The dog was shot in 1869 near Warrensburg . And for those who like to drink at the airport , a bill on the governor โ s desk will let you carry an alcoholic drink throughout the terminals at St . Louis - Lambert Airport and Kansas City International Airport instead of staying at the place you bought it . The 2017 session is notable for the smaller number of bills sent to the governor โ s desk : only 71 . By comparison , 138 were sent to former Gov . Jay Nixon last year . Senate President Pro - tem Ron Richard said he ca n โ t remember there was such a large number of unfinished bills . โ You almost needed a pack mule to haul that ( unfinished ) calendar to the floor , โ he said . โ I hope ( Senate ) members are a little more selective next year about what they let out of committee so that we can be more deliberate . โ But Richard and other Republicans said the low number is a good thing , because it promotes smaller government . Minority Floor Leader Gail McCann Beatty of Kansas City begged to differ . โ The overarching theme was pro - business and anti - people , โ โ she said , adding it could have been worse โ were it not for the GOP โ s total dysfunction . โ Richardson told reporters after the session ended that he wanted to focus on accomplishments , not any failures , citing right to work , lawsuit changes and more money for public schools . โ These are common - sense reforms , they โ re real results and I โ m proud of our caucus , โ he said . Krissy Lane contributed to this report . Follow Marshall on Twitter : @ marshallgreport ; Jo : @ jmannies ; and Jason : @ jrosenbaum Copyright 2017 St . Louis Public Radio . To see more , visit St . Louis Public Radio Tags : Digital Post | [
"Missouri lawmakers target",
"St . Louis '",
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http://kedibone-kedimasiya.blogspot.com/2006/05/how-cells-have-become-specialized-to.html | Tuesday , May 16 , 2006 HOW CELLS HAVE BECOME SPECIALIZED TO PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS IN A MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS HOW CELLS HAVE BECOME SPECIALIZED TO PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS IN A MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell . The examples of multicellular organisms are all plants and animal . Multicellular organisms have cells which are different . Example the cells that build skin of human are different from those that build the inner organs . The cells of almost every multicellular organism are generated by repeated division from a single original cell ; they form a clone . Normal human development and volvox were used as examples of multicellular organisms . All different kinds of cells were derived from the fertilized egg cell through the process of differentiation . The process of differentiation allows the specialized cells to become specialized into one of the many cells that make up the body such as heart , liver or muscle cell . During the process of differentiation , there are certain cells which become inactivated while other genes are activated . Consequently , the cell which was differentiated expand with a specific structure that is shape and size to perform a specialize function . The process is complex to regulate The mammalian body is made up of three fundamental cells these include germ line , somatic and stem cells . Germ line cells produce gamete ( egg and sperm ) and proceeds through the generation . Stem cells have ability to divide for imprecise period and produce specialized cells . When a sperm fertilizes an egg , the single cell is created which has ability to form the entire organism . The cell split into identical cells . The cells split at the earliest hours after fertilization . In humans , just about four days after fertilization and after several Furthermore , humans have a cell mass and cells which are found in the inner cell mass create all tissues in the body . Even if cells in the cell mass can virtually every type of cell found in human , they can not form organism . These cells are called pluripotent . Pluripotent stem cells go through cell specialization into a stem cell . This process produce cell that have special function . Examples include blood cell produce red blood cells , white blood and platelets and skin stem cell produce various kinds of skin cells . Moreover , there are specialized part within the cells that are responsible for transportation of material , energy capture and release , protein building , excretion , passing information and also movement . A group of specialized tissue work together to form tissue , for instance muscle . Different tissues are in turn cooperating to make larger functions that serve the entire organism . Volvox which some of whose species have as many as 50,000 or more cells linked together to form a hollow sphere . Volvox is more like a multicellular organism than a simple colony . Its entire flagella beat in synchrony as it spins through the water , and the colony is structurally and functionally polarized and can swim toward a distant source of light . The reproductive cells are usually limited to one end of the colony , where they divide to form new miniature ( baby ) colonies , which are firstly sheltered inside the parent sphere , its Cells become specialized to perform different function in multicellular organisms through differentiations . Stem cell which is unspecialized cell is transformed in certain condition to perform specific functions . As a results stem cell become a specialized cell to perform special function . Reference Wikipedia Contributor . .multicellular organisms , The free Encyclopedia [ internet ] 2006 May 06 , 08 : 30 UT C [ cited 2006 May 08 ] Available from : http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / multicellular Masiya Kedibone CSIR Pretoria 0001 Cell No : 073 2519071 Tel No : 012 8412123 Fax : 012 842 3676 E - mail : kmasiya @ csir . co . za Weblog : http : / / kedibone - kedimasiya . blogspot . com / posted by Kedibone at 1 : 14 AM 1 Comments : Hoove said . . . this is helping me with my a level biology homework ! how does a cell lose the ability to produce other cell types and becomes specialised ? 1 : 43 AM Post a Comment < < Home | [
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http://keeping-chickens.me.uk/getting-started/chicken-feed | Chicken Feed : How to Feed Chickens Your chickens will need properly formulated chicken feed that is the correct type for their age , for growth , sustenance and to produce eggs if they are hens of egg laying age . There are many old wives tales and alternative views on feeding , some say it โ s marketing that has created all of these feeds and hens will survive well on wheat and others will say their grandad never had layers pellets and just fed his hens kitchen scraps ! Formulated poultry feeds did n โ t exist until recently , primarily created thanks to commercial Chickens were often fed home made grain mixes before the seventies . In days gone by though when โ grandad fed scraps โ , pure breeds were kept for eggs and they were fed grain mixes or dried mash chicken feed that had meat or fish meal added to increase the protein content . Hens would free range over a large area and could also supplement their diet with what they could forage . Bugs , insects and worms are all valuable sources of protein , not forgetting a good selection of greens providing vitamins and minerals . โ Grandad โ s chickens did n โ t get chicken feed and survived on kitchen scraps but they could free range to top up their diet on protein , vitamins , minerals and calcium from the fields or orchards they grazed . They did n โ t produce anything like the number of eggs modern hybrid hens or some pure breeds produce . โ So in short , if you do n โ t feed a proper formulated layers feed to your hens , they wo n โ t be able to keep up the demands that egg - laying puts on their bodies . Layers Feeds and Protein Chickens require protein to produce feathers and eggs as well as to grow . The amount of protein in their diet is important and you will see on the ingredients on the back of bags of commercial feeds the percentage of protein that they contain . It is higher in โ Growers Pellets โ for example to enable chickens to grow and produce feathers . You will find that chickens stop laying eggs when they moult ( lose their feathers and regrow new ) as they are diverting protein from egg production to feather production . During the moult , Commercial feeds contain the right balance of nutrients & can be fed ad - lib in hoppers if kept dry . This one has a rain hat . Commercial chicken feeds have been well researched and contain the correct balance of minerals and nutriets required by chickens as well as sufficient protein and calcium which is essential for egg shell production . Layers pellets for example are around 16 % protein . Wheat is about 10 % protein and lacks essential vitamins that are required by chickens . Formulated feeds come as pellets or mash and should be fed ad - lib so hens can take what they want as they need it . This type of feed must be kept dry or it will soon spoil . The feeder and rain hat shown above is the only sort I have found that really does keep the feed dry . Most have a hole in the top of the hat for a handle or for hanging and this lets water in . A feeder and rain hat similar to this one can be bought from Omlet Eggs are made up of around 80 % protein so if there โ s a shortage of protein in their diet , egg laying will be the first thing they your girls cut back on ! There is more information on the poultykeeper . com site which has a very good page of feeding chickens and chicken feed Mixed corn Mixed corn is usually 80 to 90 % wheat and 10 to 20 % maize . It is useful as a scratch feed , it keeps hens active , scratching around looking for it but should only be considered a treat . A handful per hen thrown late afternoon helps them to have a full crop overnight . The maize ( yellow in colour ) is very fattening but can be useful during very cold weather to help your hens keep warm โ I increase my girls โ ration of corn when it is cold over the winter , after they have finished moulting ( they need lots of protein during the moult ) since they are not laying eggs and need a little extra fat to burn in order to keep warm . If you feed too much corn , your hens will get fat and fat hens do n โ t lay eggs ! Household scraps Feeding household scraps is no longer allowed according toi DEFRA and can be a bit hit and miss anyway . You do n โ t really know what a hen is getting and the diet is very unbalanced . It is for this reason that scraps used to be mixed into a mash by using layers mash and water ( which can be warm in winter ) . The mixture should be a sort of crumbly mix , not too wet but not too dry . Feeding scraps should be limited to at most 25 % of a hens diet Greens Ample green stuff should be provided for your hens . Grass cuttings , weeds and off - cuts from cabbages , cauliflowers and other greens can be provided at minimal cost . Lettuce should be fed in moderation because it has very little nutritional value ( very little Protein and Energy / Calories ) and avocado pear is poisonous to hens but most other greens that come from the kitchen will be appreciated by your girls . Try hanging greens in their run , just a little higher than they can reach . As they eat them , they will If you have an area in which you can grow cabbages in your garden , it may be worthwhile thinking about growing a row for the winter . Cabbages will sit there in the cold , perfectly preserved until picked . You will need to keep them covered with fleece when there are cabbage white butterflies around but do n โ t worry if they are a little eaten , the chooks wo n โ t mind ! Mealworm treats Many chicken keepers like to buy mealworms or chicken treats containing these . Chickens love these and are easily tamed by using such tasty treats , however you should keep in mind that animal by - product regulations mean that mealworms are not really allowed to be fed to poultry . 420 Comments โ Older Comments sh April 17 , 2017 at 12 : 51 pm Reply Our chickens came from a school . The school pays a fee of about ยฃ 200 . A batch of about 9 โ 12 eggs and everything you need to look after and hatch the eggs . For when they hatch , they supply a box with a heater , food , bedding and feeders . The school keeps everything for about 3 weeks ( i think ) . At the collection time , we asked for 2 females ( on 2 separate occasions , to give us 4 in total ) . The supplier then removes everything from the Our first 2 are coming up 2 2 years old ( giving us , except for winter and molting , an egg each almost every day ) . Our newer 2 are only about 6 weeks old and have just gone living in a small coop and run outside . All are well . Sonya Scott May 3 , 2017 at 8 : 05 pm Reply ยฃ 200 ! That โ s extortion . Does the school get to keep any of the equipment ? I would love to help local schools out with this . I do n โ t have a roo , but can get fertilised eggs very cheap . I would not want to earn any money out of it Debbie Marshall July 10 , 2017 at 12 : 49 pm Hello . What an amazing site , Id like to thank you for all your informative pages , I am excitedly awaiting delivery of my hen house , have chosen my hens and will be taking delivery of my girls once their home is all snug and safe for them . I will be visiting your website on a daily basis while I await my girls and am sure I will visiting you on a very regular basis . Can you reccommend a good forum to visit please . Well done and thank you . kind regards Debbie Marshall Keeping Chickens August 10 , 2018 at 7 : 36 pm Hi Debbie , Thank you for your kind words . I would suggest you try poultrykeeperforum . com . Penny McCrea October 26 , 2017 at 12 : 40 pm I โ ve heard several times that avocados are poisonous to hens , but I do n โ t know where this info originated . Where I used to live , I had an avo tree and backyard hens and the hens got the avos that the squirrels had partially eaten . Some of my hens loved the flesh while others ignored them . Either way , I had a happy , healthy flock . Keeping Chickens July 30 , 2018 at 3 : 16 pm Interesting , thanks . I โ ve heard this too โ although these days with the internet it โ s concerning what is โ good โ legitimate information and what is a โ wives tale โ so I do n โ t think I โ ll ever get to the bottom of it ! Nicky November 22 , 2017 at 2 : 30 pm I โ m just starting my research into keeping chickens . What capacity feeder / drinker would I need for 4 hens ( say Goldline hybrid ) July 30 , 2018 at 3 : 24 pm 3 - 4 litres would be good so there is always some left over when you change their water every day . Leisl Maloney March 16 , 2018 at 7 : 33 am Morning โ we have had our four chicks for about 5 days โ they are between 2 and 3 months old . They have only been feed scratch type seed so far , and I would like to wean them onto the grower mash that I have bought . I have tried feeding โ as is โ as well as fermenting โ they are not interested . Would I have to slowly decrease the scratch and only feed the mash โ what is the best way to go about changing them over โ I have heard that they hate change July 30 , 2018 at 3 : 03 pm They will normally pick the food they prefer the most . Scratch ( mixed corn : wheat / cracked maize I assume ) is a treat so think of it as asking them to give up sweets and eat healthy vegetables ! I would decrease the scratch fairly rapidly over the course of a week and increase the mash . Sarah Singh September 4 , 2018 at 8 : 23 am Can you please tell me do you leave food and water in the coop at night ? Thanks September 12 , 2018 at 2 : 46 pm No , there โ s no need to leave food and water in the coop overnight . Hens will be sleeping / roosting and will usually just make a mess of it . mike h kibbe September 23 , 2018 at 12 : 30 am So is scratch considered a treat โฆ .I feed layer pellets in one feeder and scratch in another feeder , i also hang cabbage and lettuce heads for them to eat , and also give them table scraps from time to time โฆ . .I been told to quit giving the scratch and substitute with wheat for summer months and feed whole corn in the winter โฆ โฆ need opinions Thanks Mike October 11 , 2018 at 4 : 57 pm Yes , maize ( corn ) , the yellow bits are fattening and the wheat whilst useful in small quantities is lower than layers feeds in protein level . Maize is useful for hens when the weather is cold because they need more energy to turn into heat to stay warm , and good as a treat however at other times , fed ad - lib will cause them to gain weight . You โ ll often see this in purchased , corn fed chickens for the table . For egg layers , they need to stay slim and need higher protein levels to produce eggs . Layers feeds are high enough in protein to sustain this , wheat varies but is n โ t high enough so is usually false economy feeding this to laying hens to save money . During autumn and winter , they need to replace feathers which also are made from protein and need to keep warm . If they have the correct diet , they will lay well in the spring . Kirsti Bond March 12 , 2019 at 2 : 29 pm We โ re just starting out with 4 ex battery hens . I โ m a little confused with exactly what we need to feed them and when ? ! March 21 , 2019 at 1 : 06 pm This page gives information for chickens but Ex - Bats can need a slight change โ in that they will possibly be used to Layers Mash so they might not take to pellets immediately . In this case , it โ s best to give them mash at first , then slowly switch them to the pellets if that โ s how you want to feed them eventually . They should be fed ad - lib so just leave a hopper down and keep it topped up . Kirsti Bond March 21 , 2019 at 1 : 10 pm That โ s great , thank you for taking the time to reply ! Would you suggest transitioning over to pellets ? I do n โ t know the difference really so I do n โ t know which is the better food . March 21 , 2019 at 1 : 43 pm In terms of nutrition , they are usually both the same . Most people feed pellets because they are convenient to use and readily available . They can pick the bits they like out of mash and you can have waste if it gets blown around or flicked out as they search for the best bits as well . โ Older Comments Leave a Reply This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed | [
"Chicken Feed",
"Growers Pellets",
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http://kehillatisrael.net/docs/chevra_timeline.htm | Home Previous Page My KI Search Greater Lansing Chevra Kadisha Timeline for Jewish Traditions in Death and Mourning Return to the main Chevra Kadisha page . When a death is anticipated : A person who is very close to death is called a gosses . A gosses is still a member of the community and is to be accorded full respect , provided with every comfort , and may be counted for a minyan . It is forbidden to start mourning before the moment of death , or in any way to treat a dying person as if they were already dead . Friends and family practice the mitzvah of bikkur cholim โ visiting the sick . The rabbi and person on call for the Chevra Kadisha should be informed . The dying person may wish to recite the Viddui ( confessional prayer ) if s / he is able . This is a more personal version of the prayer we recite on Yom Kippur , and ends with the shema . Aninut โ the period of time between the moment of death and the end of the funeral : When hearing the news of a death it is customary to say , " Baruch dyan ha - emet . " โ " Blessed is the true judge . " ( Complete version : " Baruch atta Adonai Eloheynu melech ha - olam , dyan ha - emet . " Holy One of Blessing , Your Presence fills creation . You are indeed the Judge . ) Jewish tradition does not advise restraint in expressing grief : " Bewail the dead . Hide not your grief . Do not restrain your mourning " ( Ben Sira ) . K ' riah โ rending of garments โ may be done immediately upon hearing of the death of a dose loved one , however , in modern practice this has become ritualized and is often performed symbolically by cutting a piece of black ribbon attached to the mourner ' s garment just before the funeral service . Autopsy is permitted if it is required by civil authorities or if it may help others , according to the principle of p ' kuach nefesh ( saving a life ) . Organ donation ( matan chai ' im โ gift of life ) is certainly permitted in accordance with p ' kuach nefesh , which is Judaism ' s highest mitzvah . Onenim โ the term for the mourners during the period of aninut โ prepare for the funeral and have no other responsibilities . They are exempt from all regular activities induding work , social activities , and religious obligations . They are not counted for a minyan . Traditionally , they do not eat meat , drink wine , or engage in sexual relations . Traditionally , an onen is any of the closest relatives : spouse , children , parents , and siblings . In Jewish tradition friends do not make condolence calls until after the funeral . ( " Do not try to comfort your friend while the body of his deceased lies before him , " Pirke Avot 4 : 18 . ) Close friends and members , may , however , provide support to onenim as needed , e.g. make phone calls to notify others of the death , cancel appointments , and make arrangements , provide rides , organize food , and provide care for children . Traditionally a Jewish burial takes place within 24 hours of death because the Torah says , " You shall bury him the same day . . . .His body should not remain all night " ( Deuteronomy 21 : 23 ) . In modern - day practice , this speed is rare outside of the Land of Israel except in Orthodox communities , but the funeral should take place as soon as possible following the death . Burials never take place on Shabbat or holidays . Life always takes precedence over death . If a funeral procession meets a wedding procession at a crossroads , the wedding procession has the right of way . Jewish tradition abhors cremation . This is beginning to change in some communities . Jewish customs specify simplicity ( in death we are all equal ) and a natural return to the earth in funeral and burial customs in accordance with the Torah : " You return to the soil , for from it you were taken . For you are dust and to dust you shall return " ( Genesis 3 : 19 ) . no embalming washing and dressing in plain white shrouds a plain wood casket without metal or adornment closed casket a simple , brief , dignified funeral , which may consist of a service at the funeral home or cemetery chapel ( optional ) , or a graveside service only no music no flowers Attending a funeral is an important mitzvah . The Hebrew word for funeral , levaydh , means " accompanying . " ( Cohanim are exempt from mitzvot involving contact with the dead . ) A Jewish funeral may be conducted by any Jew ; the presence of clergy is not required . Jewish funerals are not traditionally held in the synagogue sanctuary because the presence of a met / ah creates ritual defilement . At the end of the graveside service , the onenim say the mourner ' s Kaddish for the first time . ( Note : There is a special burial Kaddish with a slightly different wording for this occasion , but the mourner ' s is being used at graveside in our community . ) It is customary for to place a shovelful of earth into the grave , with all those attending the funeral then taking a turn . It is a mitzvah to help bury the dead . Making a contribution to a charitable cause in honor of the deceased is very much appropriate and in keeping with the principle of tikkun olam โ healing the world . Shiva โ the seven - day period following the funeral : Mourners , who are now no longer , but avelim , " sit shiva " for seven days . The seven - day shiva candle provided by the funeral home is lit upon returning home from the funeral . Immediately following the funeral it is traditional to go to the family home for the " meal of condolence . " Round foods ( e.g. bread , lentils , hard boiled eggs ) , symbolic of the continuity of life , are provided by the community , not the family . A pitcher and basin for ritual hand washing are provided outside the door of the home . This is the period of most intense mourning . Mourners are to focus on the work of grief . Traditionally mourners do not concern themselves with physical adornment or personal comfort . Mirrors are covered . Mourners sit on the floor and do not wear shoes . Men do not shave and women do not wear makeup or jewelry or have their hair done . Bathing is done for cleanliness only . Mourners do not go to work , engage in social activities , or even do everyday tasks such as paying bills and cleaning the house . The community cares for mourners during this time . The day of the funeral counts as the first day of shiva . A minyan is provided in our community in the house of mourning if requested so that mourners can say daily during this period without leaving home . Visiting a house of mourning is an important Traditionally mourners do not rise to greet visitors or thank them for coming . Visitors should follow the lead of mourners to see whether they wish conversation or silence . Sharing fond memories of the deceased is an appropriate topic of conversation . A house of mourning is a place to remember the deceased and comfort the mourner . It is not a place for frivolous conversation or doing business with other visitors . On Shabbat , mourners go to synagogue and say there . Shabbat counts as a full day of shiva , but public mourning is not observed in keeping with the commandments to celebrate the joy of Avelim do not take an aliyah during shiva . On the morning of the seventh day , the period ends . The mourner may go outside for a walk as a way of symbolically rejoining the world after the period of intense mourning . In our community some people observe for a shorter period . The period is cut short by certain major holidays ( e.g . Pesach ) . Shiva is not resumed following the holiday . Shloshim โ the 30 - day period of less intense mourning : Mourners return to work and normal responsibilities during this period . Mourners continue to say Kaddish . Mourners do not usually visit me cemetery during this time . Frivolity is still avoided , for example , not going to parties , concerts , or sporting events . Graveside visitation may be used to mark the end of shloshim . Like , the period of shloshim may be cut short by a major holiday . Shanah โ a year ' s time : Only children ( who have attained bar / bat mitzvah age ) continue to recite during the rest of the first year ( normally eleven months , but according to local custom ) . Mourners may continue to avoid purely social events , according to how they feel . Positive commandments for the year of mourning include prayer , study , and tzedakah . Yizkor , the memorial prayer , occurs during services four times during every year โ at Yom Kippur , Sukkot , Pesach , and Shavuot Yahrzeit candles may be kindled on the evening before yizkor . American Jews often practice a ceremony of unveiling the headstone within the month before the first anniversary of a death . Jewish gravestones are typically simple . Yahrzeit ( year ' s time ) is observed on the anniversary of the death of a loved one . Traditionally the date in the Hebrew calendar is used , but the secular date may be used , instead . A memorial candle is lit at home which burns for 24 hours . The public yahrzeit observance consists of reciting the mourner ' s with a Tzedakah โ righteous giving , is traditional on the anniversary of the death of a loved one . 3 / 28 / 04 Seagull | [
"Chevra Kadisha",
"Death",
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http://keiseruniversity.edu.ni/about-us/ | About Keiser University Keiser University Founded in 1977 , Keiser University is Florida โ s second largest independent private not - for - profit university serving more than 20,000 students earning doctoral , masters , bachelors , and associates degrees in more than 90 career fields . The university is comprised of 18 Florida campus locations , an International Division , the Graduate School , a College of Golf and Sports Management , an Online Division , an off - site campus in Shanghai , China , the Latin American campus and Language Institute in Nicaragua . Latin American Campus Keiser University โ Latin American Campus is an Institution of higher education granting U.S. degrees in Nicaragua and most of the region . The residential campus , located in San Marcos , Nicaragua , operates on the American academic calendar and offers most instruction in English , both in traditional and online delivery formats . At our intimate campus students come from all over the globe to thrive with world - class professors , in small classes , in a peaceful , scenic and historical setting . We have a roster of qualified faculty with Ph . D . and Master โ s degrees from prestigious universities in the U.S. and Europe . We work hand - in - hand with you every step of the way , from application through funding and even visa application . All you have to do is study and achieve . Plan your future today and take the KU challenge ! A letter from the Chancellor Dear Friends , Colleagues and Esteemed Visitors , On behalf of the Keiser family , the Board of Trustees , our faculty , staff and students : welcome to Keiser University โ s celebration of nearly 40 years of excellence in education ! When our family started our first school in Ft . Lauderdale in 1977 โ with one student and several classrooms โ I could never have imagined at that time that 40 years later we would have campuses throughout the State of Florida , cooperative agreements with the university systems in China and Moldova , together with a campus in Nicaragua to serve international students , And yet , this is precisely what we have accomplished . READ MORE At Keiser university Students come first ! APPLY NOW Take A Look at our Campus Map View Map Open Directory Key Contacts Admissions ( 505 ) 2535 - 2314 Ext . 188 admissionslac @ keiseruniversity . edu Toll Free 1 ( 800 ) 969 - 1685 Accounts Receivable ( 505 ) 2535 - 2314 Ext . 139 doris . bendana @ keiseruniversity . edu Financial Aid ( 505 ) 2535 - 2314 Ext . 256 ninoska . castellon @ keiseruniversity . edu Academics ( 505 ) 2535 - 2314 Ext . 271 douglas . arroliga @ keiseruniversity . edu Human Resources ( 505 ) 2535 - 2314 Ext . 263 darling . espinoza @ keiseruniversity . edu Dean of Student Life ( 505 ) 2535 - 2314 Ext . 263 ngranja @ keiseruniversity . edu Language Institute ( 505 ) 2535 - 2314 Ext . 790 - 1501 ruffo . torres @ keiseruniversity . edu Records Office ( 505 ) 2535 - 2314 Ext . 269 silvio . salazar @ keiseruniversity . edu Emergency Notices ( 505 ) 8711 - 4907 rodolfo . aburto @ keiseruniversity . edu | [
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http://kellybeamsley.com/navy/ | Unofficial United States Navy Information and Training Resource About this Page ) ( FAQ ) The best way to SEARCH this page is CTRL + F using Microsoft Internet Explorer . 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Each Sailor is given 15 free points for each year of membership in a reserve component Anniversary Dates ( BUPERSINST 1001.39F , Ch 20 โ 2005 ) Per DOD Instruction 1215.07 , the date used to determine the anniversary year is established by the date the member entered into active service or into active status in a Reserve component , whichever is earlier . Members with previously established anniversary dates will retain that date as the beginning of their anniversary year . A member โ s anniversary year most likely does not coincide with fiscal or calendar years . When a member with a break in service returns to an active Reserve status or to active service , the revised anniversary year start date shall be the date of return or reentry . Qualifying Year for Retirement โ In order to have a qualifying year for retirement , a Sailor must earn 50 points during an anniversary year . ( 15 free points + 1 point per completed drill period ) Minimum Participation Requirement โ Officers with fewer than 20 years are required to attain at least 27 points to remain in an active reserve status . Enlisted with fewer than 20 years do not have a minimum participation requirement Criteria for Satisfactory Participation ( BUPERSINST 1001.39F ; Pg 11 - 4 ) Has nothing to do with Qualifying years for retirement less than 9 Us per rolling 12 - month period Perform min of 12 - 14 days AT each FY when required ( Exceptions in ; Ch 13 ) Members must report as directed for physical and dental examinations and provide requested medical information for retention in the Navy Reserve Keep CO informed of matters affecting mobilization readiness Respond to official correspondence Must comply with involuntary recall to Active Duty AT Waivers Approved waivers satisfy requirements for Satisfactory Participation / Advancement eligibility 50 points are still required to obtain a qualifying year for retirement Request Your Military Service Records DD - 214 Online ( Source : Archives DD 214 / Separation Documents : eVetRecs ( online ) | Mail or Fax Official Military Personnel File ( OMPF ) : eVetRecs ( online ) | Mail or Fax Replacement Medals : Medical Records : Burial and Emergency Requests ADVANCEMENT ( Last Update : Saturday , 03NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN and CAREER COUNSELOR ) Officer Promotion Board Gouge ( October 2018 ) โ Officer Record Management Officer Record Update โ Navy Personnel Command How to prepare for and take the Navy Wide Advancement Examination ( NWAE ) ( Source : OPNAV N1 Fleet Introduction Team ) Navy BRM โ Advancement exam preparation ! Study guides , mock advancement exams , practice quizzes , free audio guides , central reference library , up to date bibs ! FMS ( Final Multiple Score ) โ A calculation to determine whether or not enlisted sailors of the paygrades E - 3 , E - 4 , E - 5 , or E - 6 are eligible to advance to the next paygrade . [ Resources : Calculator App Enlisted Advance Profile Sheet โ After logging into NSIPS , in the Training , Education and Qualifications tab , click on โ View Training , Education and Qualifications . โ Click on โ Exam Profile Data . โ All Hands โ Advancements and Promotions FaceBook โ Navy Advancement Center Meritorious Advancement Program ( MAP ) โ Commanding Officers โ ability to recognize and advance top performing Sailors ( open season : July 1 โ August 31 ) . Three major changes to the program are an increase the number of quotas , eliminate the time - in - rate requirement , and open MAP to Selected Reserve ( SELRES ) Sailors . ( Sources : Navy . mil and NAVADMIN 109 / 18 My Navy Portal ( MNP ) Advancement & Promotion โ Verify eligibility for advancement , prepare for advancement exam and selection board review . See also the AWARDS section . See also the DCO ( DIRECT COMMISSION OFFICER ) ( RESERVE OFFICER ) section . PROMOTION / COMMISSIONING AIRCREW ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) โ On Wing โ โ A quarterly Reserve Aviation newsletter on GovDelivery Aviation Mentoring Initiative ( AMI ) โ A community - wide initiative . Contact the AMI Leadership Team at nr - ami @ googlegroups . com with any questions or suggestions to improve the effort . ALL HANDS ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : PAO or MC All Hands Magazine โ A free monthly published magazine of the U.S. Navy for its sailors . All Hands โ Advancements and Promotions All Hands โ I โ d Link to That : Unofficial U.S. Navy Information and Resource Training Site โ About the KellyBeamsley . com Website ALMANAC 2017 Almanac ( Source : The Navy Reservist ( TNR ) 2018 Almanac The Navy Reservist ( TNR ) APP NAVY APP LOCKER section . APPLY [ RESERVE FORCE MANPOWER TOOLS ( RFMT ) ] ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ) ( POC LOCATION : OFFICERS - CDR & CAPT ) NOTE : Remember to Login before starting the research โฆ Apply [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ Quick Links > Links > Applications / Sites > APPLY Dream sheet Application Phase : June - July How the APPLY Board Really Works AUSN CAPT ( Ret ) G . Mark Hardy Stupid APPLY Tricks ( Source : AUSN CAPT ( Ret ) G . Mark Hardy APPLY Yourself VIDEO : Reserve Force Manpower Tools : APPLY Walkthrough VIDEO : Apply Board 101 Apply Board 201 Apply Board 301 Junior Officer APPLY ( JOAPPLY [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ Officers with ranks of LCDR and below of the Selected Reserve ( SELRES ) are eligible to apply for vacant billets using JOAPPLY . JOAPPLY Schedule Dates : Apply Board convened date and adjourned date View Orders โ View your current orders in the โ Profile and Registration โ section under Current Assignment Example : Click the following link to access your most recent set of orders in the IDT Order writer system : KB368381 - 7 . pdf ASM ( ADVANCED SKILLS MANAGEMENT ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN and CAREER COUNSELOR ) Advanced Skills Management ( ASM ) [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ A web - based training management tool that supports the identification and completion of job - related tasks , provides real - time assessment , identifies training deficiencies and provides immediate and focused access to training tools to track technical training across an individual โ s military career , and the validation of knowledge and skills . It provides a structure for standardization of training requirements across an organization or platform while simultaneously allowing a component command the flexibility to address unique requirements . ASM supports training and readiness using task - based methodologies AQD ( ADDITIONAL QUALIFICATION DESIGNATION ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN and CAREER COUNSELOR ) AQD / NOBC Navy Personnel Command AQD Codes AQD Request Template BUPERS INSTRUCTION 1001.39F Chapter 9 Figure 9 - 2 โ Format for Request Assignment of an NOBC or AQD ARPR / ASOSH ( ANNUAL RETIREMENT POINT RECORD / ANNUAL STATEMENT OF SERVICE HISTORY ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN and CAREER COUNSELOR ) ARPR / ASOSH Online ( Locate in BOL [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ) โ Annual Retirement Point Record / Annual Statement of Service History โ Retirement points electronically submitted reflect online approximately 60 days from date of transmission , and the anniversary month updates / closes two months after the month passes and will reflect online the first Monday of the third month . AWARDS Award Form OPNAV 1650 / 3 ( Rev 7 - 04 ) Personal Awards Form Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual ( SECNAVINST 1650.1H ) Navy Personnel Command > Career Info > Records Management > Decorations and Medals ( Awards ) Navy Award History โ History and Display of Military Awards and Ribbons ( Source : Navy Live 18NOV2014 ) Official Navy Awards Web Service [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ Provides online access to Navy Awards information and assistance . Official Navy Awards Personal Awards Query [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( search ) Electronic Award Submission Updating Personal Awards Google Search Ribbon Builder Ribbon Checker ADVANCEMENT B โ โ Bravo โ BEAMSLEY Last Updated : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) Ranks Held in the U.S. Navy E - 1 Seaman Recruit ( SR ) Beamsley E - 2 Seaman Apprentice ( SA ) Beamsley E - 3 Seaman ( SN ) Beamsley E - 4 Petty Officer Third Class ( PO3 ) Beamsley E - 5 Petty Officer Second Class ( PO2 ) Beamsley Direct Commission Program ( DCO ) in the Reserves . DCO ( DIRECT COMMISSION OFFICER ) O - 1E Ensign ( ENS ) Beamsley O - 2E Lieutenant Junior Grade ( LTJG ) Beamsley O - 3E Lieutenant ( LT ) Beamsley O - 4 Lieutenant Commander ( LCDR ) Beamsley ( Retired as of 01JAN2017 with 23 years ) BERTHING ( Last Updated : Thursday , 28FEB2019 ) NREL ( Navy Reserve E - Lodging ) โ SELRES members to make their lodging requests online for drill weekends [ Step - by - Step Instructions ] . NREL User guides are available on the CNRFC N4 NRH page User guides are available on the myNRH page BIOGRAPHIES Last Updated : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) Navy Leadership Biographies โ Biographies of senior Navy leaders and flag officers ; OPNAVINST 2630.2 sets the guidance on writing and submitting for Flag Biographies . Bio Example BMR ( BASIC MILITARY REQUIREMENTS ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : CAREER COUNSELOR or N7 TRAINING ) See the section . BOARD ( Last Update : Thursday , 01NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN and CAREER COUNSELOR ) BOL ( BUPERS ONLINE ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) BOL ( BUPERS Online BRS ( BLENDED RETIREMENT SYSTEM ) Last Updated : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : CAREER COUNSELOR or N1 ADMIN or N7 TRAINING ) Blended Retirement System ( BRS ) โ Beginning in January 2018 , a new military retirement system that blends the traditional legacy retirement pension with a defined contribution to Service members โ Thrift Savings Plan account . Military . com : The Blended Retirement System Explained BUPERS ( BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEL ) / NPC ( NAVY PERSONNEL COMMAND ) / PERS ( PERSONNEL ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) BUPERS ( Bureau of Naval Personnel ) โ Customer Service : 1 - 866 - 827 - 5672 ( BOL ) ) โ Customer Service : 1 - 866 - 827 - 5672 BRAVO ZULU ( BZ ) Bravo Zulu โ Well done . Taken from naval signal manuals , which use two - letter abbreviations to introduce or respond to messages , the signal for the letters โ B โ and โ Z โ happens to mean โ well done . โ C โ โ Charlie โ CAC ( COMMON ACCESS CARD ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : RAPIDS SITE LOCATOR MAP ) Navy CAC Military CAC Installation Steps Common Access card CAC CAREER ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : CAREER COUNSELOR ) Navy Reserve Officer Career Guide ( COMNAVRESFOR P1040 . 1D CAREER COUNSELOR ( Last Update : Saturday , 03NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : CAREER COUNSELOR ) Navy Personnel Command > Career Info > Career Counseling Career Counselor Handbook ( NAVPERS 15878L 17JAN2017 ) Career Counselor Responsibilities โ Video Career Development Board ( CDB ) โ Google Search Career Information Management System ( CIMS ) Career Management System - Interactive Detailing ( CMS - ID ) Career Waypoint System ( C - WAY ) Defense Manpower Data Center ( DMDC ) ( DD Form 2648 , 2648 - 1 ) Fleet Training Management and Planning System ( FLTMPS ) Navy Enlisted Advancement System ( NEAS ) Navy Retention Monitoring System ( NRMS ) Officer Personnel Information System ( OPINS ) Transaction Online Processing System ( TOPS ) MILPERSMAN NPC Career Counseling Homepage NPC Career Toolbox NPC Career Development NPC SRB Homepage Career Waypoints ( C - WAY ) NPC C - WAY Homepage Navy College Program ASVAB Defense Language Proficiency Test Guides ( DLTP ) Reserves to Active Duty CAREER DEVELOPMENT BOARD ( CDB ) Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) Career Development Boards โ The primary delivery method to ensure sailors are provided the guidance necessary to make informed career decisions based on current Navy policies , programs , and procedures . Google Search Career Development Board ( CDB ) NAVY CDB PART 1 OF 2 . wmv NAVY CDB PART 2 OF 2 . wmv CHIEF ( POC LOCATION : HMMM โฆ ENLISTED WEARING KHAKIS ; ) Chief Petty Officer ( CPO ) MIssion , Vision , & Guiding Principles Goat Locker Goat Locker โ Useful CPO / Navy information and links including history and traditions , anecdotes , graphics , cartoons , retirement info , and a private CPO only Forum . History of the Rank of Chief Petty Officer Infographic ) ( Source : Navy Live U.S. Navy โ The Making of a Chief CITIBANK ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or N7 TRAINING ) Citibank ( Customer Services : 1 - 866 - 670 - 6462 ) CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION ( CEI ) Last Update : Friday , 02NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) Civilian Employment Information ( CEI ) โ A Department of Defense database that was design to capture and understand the Reserve component . The CEI is located in NSIPS ( Navy Standard Integrated Personnel System [ DOD Certificate ] CMS - ID ( CAREER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ( CMS ) INTERACTIVE DETAILING ( ID ) ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : CAREER COUNSELOR ) CMS - ID ( Career Management System ( CMS ) Interactive Detailing ( ID ) [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ A web - based system that allows Sailors or Command Career Counselor to view available jobs . CMS - ID Helpdesk contact info : cmsidhelpdesk @ navy . mil . Navy Personnel Command > Enlisted > CMS - ID COLLEGE ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : CAREER COUNSELOR ) Navy College Program EDUCATION / SCHOOL / TRAINING JOINT SERVICE TRANSCRIPT JPME ( JOINT PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION ) COMMAND ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : COMMANDING OFFICER ( CO ) ) Template for a Command Philosophy : ( Source : Great question โฆ what DID I learn in command ? The Military Leader COMMAND CAREER COUNSELOR ( CCC ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or N7 TRAINING ) CAREER COUNSELOR C - WAY ( CAREER WAYPOINT ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or CAREER COUNSELOR ) C - WAY ( Career Waypoint ) โ An Information Technology ( IT ) system which provides a mechanism for matching personnel inventory to requirements with the best performing Sailors . It serves as a service continuum system and is designated as a long - term force management tool , balancing manning across rates , ratings , Active Component ( AC ) , Full Time Support ( FTS ) , and Reserve Component ( RC ) through Bureau of Naval Personnel ( BUPERS ) control of the reenlistment and enlistment contract extension quotas . ( C - WAY Help Desk : ( 901 career_waypoints @ navy . mil Navy Personnel Command > Career Info > Career Counseling > C - WAY C - WAY ( Career Waypoints ) User Guide BUPERS - 33 ( REV . 26 Mar 2018 ) CYBERSECURITY ( Last Update : Monday , 29OCT2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N6 or N7 TRAINING ) Cybersecurity โ Computer security , also known as cybersecurity or IT security , is the protection of computer systems from the theft or damage to the hardware , software or the information on them , as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide . The Navy announced that effective immediately ( 27MAR2017 ) , Sailors will no longer be required to log onto Navy Knowledge Online , Navy eLearning or My Navy Portal to complete General Military Training ( GMT ) for any topic except Cybersecurity as outlined in NAVADMIN 072 / 17 Department of the Navy Chief Information Officer โ Cybersecurity The Navy โ s Cybersecurity Focus | Navy Live ( Source : Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Information Warfare ( N2N6 ) ) D โ โ Delta โ DCO ( DIRECT COMMISSION OFFICER ) ( RESERVE OFFICER ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : RECRUITER ( ZIP CODE LOCATOR DCO โ A U.S. uniformed officer who has received a commission without the typical prerequisites for achieving a commission , such as a four year service academy , a four year or two year college ROTC program , or one of the officer candidate school or officer training school programs . ( Source : Wikipedia Direct Commission Officer Find a Navy Reserve Recruiter Enlisted to Officer needs a minimum of 8 years of Officer commission service to retire . โ Officer To Lose 1 / 3 Of Retirement Pay The DCO Onboarding Instruction ( COMNAVRESFORINST 1120.3 ) was signed in Dec 2015 and details management and training requirements of Direct Commission Officers . This triggered the implementation of the newest MAS code : โ DCO โ . The DCO code will be applied to Direct Commission Officers to ensure they complete DCOIC ( DCO Indoc ) within their first year in the Navy Reserve . Additionally , the DCO code will ensure those members are not selected for mobilization . It is important to note that a Direct Commissioned Officer MUST use their first AT period to attend DCOIC , as no other orders will be approved until that member has attended the school . Navy Reserve Direct Commission Officer ( DCO ) Handbook ( Source : The Navy Reservist ( TNR ) ) DEERS ( DEFENSE ENROLLMENT ELIGIBILITY REPORTING SYSTEM ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : RAPIDS SITE LOCATOR MAP ) DEERS โ A computerized database for U.S. Service members , retirees , dependents , DoD active Contractors , and others worldwide who are entitled to Public Key Infrastructure ( PKI ) and Tricare eligibility . DEERS is used in the Real - Time Automated Personnel Identification System ( RAPIDS ) . RAPIDS is U.S. DoD system to issue the definitive credential for obtaining Common Access Card ( CAC ) tokens in the DoD PKI . Used together , these two systems are referred to as a DEERS / RAPIDS stations , available in 700 locations in the world . ( Source : Wikipedia Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System Military . com Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System ( DEERS ) DEPENDENCY APPLICATION / RECORD OF EMERGENCY DATA ( PAGE 2 ) NAVPERS 1070 / 602 ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN and N7 TRAINING ) What is a Dependency Application / Record of Emergency Data ( Page 2 ) NAVPERS 1070 / 602 Step by Step Guide to update your record of emergency data DEPLOYMENT HEALTH ASSESSMENTS ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : MEDICAL ) MEDICAL DFAS ( DEFENSE FINANCE & ACCOUNTING SERVICE ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : RESPAY or PSD MyPay Leave and Earnings Statements ( LES ) โ A document given on a monthly basis to members of the United States military which documents their pay and leave status on a monthly basis . ( Source : Leave and Earnings Statement Navy Personnel Command > PSD DISCOUNTS GovX โ one of the world โ s largest online shopping destinations for military , law enforcement and related government personnel . GovX allows qualified members of the U.S. Armed Forces and those in related government agencies to shop for apparel , equipment and other products as well as on โ duty tactical products . Military Benefits Military Benefits insider โ s guide for Veterans , Active Duty Military , Reserve , National Guard , Military Spouses and their families . Discover the many benefits . Veteran Tickets Foundation ( Vet Tix ) โ A national , non - profit , 501c ( 3 ) organization that gives free event tickets to Veterans , Active Duty Military and their families . Waves of Honor โ Military ticket on free park admission and discounts . VETERANS DAY DON ( DEPARTMENT OF NAVY ) ISSUANCES ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) DON Issuances โ Instructions , Notices , Manuals DSCATS ( DEFENSE SUPPORT OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES TRACKING SYSTEM ) DSCATS [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( Defense Support of Civil Authorities ( DSCA ) Tracking System ) โ A system use to track all real world catastrophic events for the Navy Shore DSCA . NEPLO ( Navy Emergency Preparedness Liaison Officers ) Program โ Was established to coordinate mutual service and DoD support for national security emergency preparedness , response to natural or man - made disasters , and other domestic emergencies . They provide DoD support inside the United States , acting as a direct liaison to civil and federal authorities to plan , prepare for , coordinate and execute DoD civil disaster assistance programs . [ Reference : NEPLOs Deploy During Hurricane Irene DTS ( DEFENSE TRAVEL SYSTEM ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( LOCATION : N7 TRAINING or PSD DTS ( Defense Travel System is a fully integrated , electronic , end - to - end travel management system that automates temporary duty travel ( TDY ) for the Department of Defense . It allows travelers to create authorizations ( TDY travel orders ) , prepare reservations , receive approvals , generate travel vouchers , and direct deposit payment to themselves and the government charge card vendor , all via a single web portal available 24 hours a day , seven days a week . ( Source : DTS Help Desk : 800 - 537 - 4617 VIDEO : How to create a DTS authorization for booking a flight or rental vehicle ( Source : AME1 Hunter ) . VIDEO : How to create a DTS authorization and enter mileage for your POV ( Source : AME1 Hunter ) . How to create a DTS Travel Voucher E โ โ Echo โ EBENEFITS EBenefits โ A web portal managed jointly by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs ( VA ) and the DoD to provide Service members , Veterans and eligible dependents the ability to manage their VA and DoD benefits , claims , and military documents online . EDM ( ENHANCED for DRILL MANAGEMENT ) / RESCHED ( Last Update : Friday , 02NOV2018 ) ( LOCATION : RESPAY ) EDM ( Enhanced for Drill Management [ DOD Certificate ] ( old โ RTAR โ system for scheduling drills ) that will ultimately make it easier to get drills and rescheds requested and approved . It will be accessed through NSIPS [ DOD Certificate ] , will provide 24 / 7 access to electronic services to improve drill management at the appropriate level ; provide an automated solution for rescheduled , flexible , and additional Inactive Duty Training ( IDT ) periods ; and request , cancel , reschedule , approve and muster for IDT periods . ( Source : Military Personnel Plans & Policy ( N13R ) ) ( Help Desk : 1 - 877 - 589 - 5991 option 1 , 504 - 697 - 5442 option 1 , or NSIPSHelpDesk @ navy . mil ) How to Reschedule Drill Periods Using EDM ( Source : OS1 Hinds ) Additional Sources : RESPERSMAN 1570 - 010 ( IDT - Admin ) and RESPERSMAN 1001 - 010 ( Sat Participation Requirements ) EDM Process for Requesting Drill Reschedule ( Last Update : Friday , 02NOV2018 ) ( LOCATION : RESPAY ) Member requests rescheduled dates VIA email from their LPO , DIVO and Dept Head . Once Approved by LPO , DIVO and Dept Head , Member logs into NSIPS ( https : / / nsipsprod - sdni . nmci . navy . mil / ) ( NOTE : CAC Required , NOT EMAIL Certificate ) . On the NSIPS Home Page , click the EDM Home Page link ( NOTE : This takes 1 - 2 mins to load the page ) . Skip this step and go to Step 5 if the Member has already logged in and updated their information . If this is the first time logging in , click Edit EMAIL Address and Phone Numbers , Verify information is correct and select Primary checkboxes for Phones & EMAIL Addresses , then click the Save button . Once saved , click the EDM Home link on left side of screen ( NOTE : This takes 1 - 2 mins to load the page ) . On the EDM Home Page click the Create New IDT Request button . Select the Type of Request Drop Down Arrow then click Reschedule . Completed all the fields then click the Tasks and Accomplishments button . Fill in the box with what you plan to do during this drill period then click OK . Double check all fields for possible errors , then click the Submit button . Unit CO / XO will verify then Approve / Disapprove the drill request . If the rescheduled drill is Approved , the Muster Requirement must be completed . EDM Process for Muster ( Last Update : Sunday , 04NOV2018 ) ( LOCATION : RESPAY ) Member musters with an E6 or above to verify member is present . Verifier then logs into NSIPS ( https : / / nsipsprod - sdni . nmci . navy . mil / ) ( NOTE : CAC Required , NOT EMAIL Certificate ) . Verifier clicks the EDM ( Located on left side of home page ) and clicks the Electronic Muster Report . Since searches are case sensitive , Verifier then types in one character of member โ s last name in uppercase in the Name field box ( Example : LCDR John Smith = S ) and then click the Search button . Verifier clicks member โ s name . Under the Drill Period Muster column , click the Drop Down Arrow for Present . Click Task and Accomplishments button and verify the box is filled in , and click OK . Under the Submit column , select the checkbox . Verifier then clicks Save button . Unit CO / XO will then verify the completed muster & Approve / Disapprove it . After Unit CO / XO Approves the muster , it is then routed to NRA ( NOSC ) for processing and pay . NOTE : A regularly scheduled drill , sailor can be mustered by another sailor . Then , two others must adjudicate ( two unit approvers or combo of unit and FTS or two FTS ) . Then , there needs to be two NRA approvers . EDUCATION / SCHOOL / TRAINING ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) NKO ( Navy Knowledge Online [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( Backup Link My Navy Portal ( MNP ) ( Help Desk Info : 1 - 877 - 253 - 7122 option 1 or netc . helpdesk @ navy . mil ) GMT ( General Military Training [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ Ready to go GMT teaching material GMT NRTC ( Non - Resident Training Courses ) โ Naval Education and Training Command ( NETC courses Montgomery GI Bill โ Selected Reserve โ VA ( Veterans Affairs ) educational assistance program Swank Health Care โ Free training paid for by US Navy . Courses can be used for non - pay drill credit and CEU / CME . Must request a registration which is an easy step . You will need your license ( if nurse or MD ) to register . Open for HM too Navy Personnel Command > Career Info > Reserve Personnel Mgmt > Points FAQ COLLEGE JOINT SERVICE TRANSCRIPT JPME ( JOINT PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION ) EIDWS ( ENLISTED INFORMATION DOMINANCE WARFARE SPECIALIST ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : ANY ENLISTED IN THE IDC ) EIDWS Message EIDWS Common Core PQS Study Guide ( no link ) Google Search EIDWS While the CPR course is required , you are not required to use the online certification . Any CPR qualification will work ; however , this is the only acceptable online alternative . Google Search Online CPR Course ELEAVE ( Last Update : Saturday , 03NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) E - Leave ( Electronic Leave ) โ A web - based program that Sailors can access through their Electronic Service Record ( ESR ) . The new method allows sailors to electronically route leave chits through the chain of command for approval . It automates the command โ s leave control log and ensures pay and entitlements are properly credited . E - LEAVE Quick Start Implementation of Electronic Leave NAVADMIN 103 / 10 ENLISTED ADVANCE PROFILE SHEET ( Last Update : Saturday , 03NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) Enlisted Advance Profile Sheet โ After logging into NSIPS , in the Training , Education and Qualifications tab , click on โ View Training , Education and Qualifications . โ Click on โ Exam Profile Data . โ ESR ( ELECTRONIC SERVICE RECORD ( Last Update : Friday , 02NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) ESR ( Electronic Service Record ) โ It provides online view and update capability for personnel clerks and other authorized users at Personnel Support Detachments and Reserve Centers . It also provides an administrative user capability for command military personnel offices to perform updates of a member โ s record , along with a member self - serve capability for sailors to view and perform limited updates of their personnel data . The ESR application is available via the NSIPS ( [ DOD Certificate ] ) EMAIL / COMMUNICATION / STATUS REPORTS NMCI EMAIL Web Server in the EAST or the WEST [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( NMCI Service Desk 1 - 866 - 843 - 6624 ) Naval Jargon โ s and Slang โ s A - M N - Z EMPLOYER RELATIONS ESGR ( Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve ) โ an agency that promote cooperation and understanding between Reserve component members and their civilian employers and to assist in the resolution of conflicts arising from an employee โ s military commitment Employer Recognition : Chief of Navy Reserve says โ Thank You โ with Letter of Appreciation . Contact : Mr . Jim Grover , Office of the Chief of Navy Reserve , ( 703 ) 614 - 2791 or james . grover @ navy . mil ESAMS ( ENTERPRISE SAFETY APPLICATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : TRAINING ) ESAMS [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ESAMS Help Desk at 1 - 865 - 693 - 0048 ETJ ( ELECTRONIC TRAINING JACKET ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : TRAINING ) ETJ ( Electronic Training Jacket ) [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] View personnel data including training , education , NECs , certifications , qualifications , awards , and career history . EVAL ( EVALUATION ) EHow โ How to write Navy Enlisted Performance Evaluations Google Search How to write an EVAL Navy Performance Evaluation Manual ( EVALMAN ) BUPERSINST 1610.10D NavyFITREP . com Navy FITREP and Evaluation resource . We are resource to assist Navy Sailors in writing FITREPs , EVALs , CHIEF EVALs , awards , and Navy counseling โฆ NavyWriter . com Your One Stop Shop for Navy Eval , Award , and other Navy Writing Examples . NAVFIT98A โ Software that helps users create , store , organize , and print Fitness and Counseling Reports and Evaluations on Navy members . ( Helpdesk : ( 866 ) 827 - 5672 or uasknpc @ navy . mil ) If you are loading NAVFIT98 to create databases and upload evals and fitreps on a computer with Windows 10 , you must download the driver Google Search โ Navy Bullet Database NavyAdvancement . com โ Tips to improve your Navy Evaluation Little Green Brain โ An Evaluation input system ( tool ) for writing down all of your accomplishments to make writing your Navy evaluation simple . Brag Sheet Example NAVY Navfit98A EVAL Walkthrough FITREP ( FITNESS REPORT ) / EVAL ( EVALUATION ) F โ โ Foxtrot โ FAMILY CARE PLAN ( NPC LINK Service members are responsible to ensure family members / dependents are cared for during deployments , reserve mobilizations , and temporary duty , as well as at all other times during which the service member is unavailable . Family Care Plan DODINST 1342.19 ( 30NOV2017 ) US Navy Family Care Policy OPNAVINST 1740.4D ( 05OCT2017 ) DON Family Care Plan NAVPERS 1740 - 6 ( 02 - 2011 ) Family Care Plan Arrangements NAVPERS 1740 - 7 ( 02 - 2011 ) NFAAS ( Navy Family Accountability and Assessment System [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ A system to account , assess , manage , and monitor the recovery process for personnel and their families affected and / or scattered by a wide - spread catastrophic event . Training Video : How to Update Your Contact Information Navy Personnel Command > Support & Services > 21st Century Sailor > Total Sailor Fitness > Family Care Plan FISCAL YEAR ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) Fiscal Year Calendar Fiscal Year Calendar โ A fiscal year ( or financial year , or sometimes budget year ) is the period used by governments for accounting and budget purposes . ( Source : Fiscal Year FITREP ( FITNESS REPORT ) / EVAL ( EVALUATION ) [] CWO FITREP ? ? ? ( Notes : Convert to Spreadsheet ) EHow โ How to write a FITREP Google Search How to write a FITREP Navy Performance Evaluation Manual ( EVALMAN ) BUPERSINST 1610.10D ( 01MAY2015 ) NavyFITREP . com Navy FITREP and Evaluation resource . We are resource to assist Navy Sailors in writing FITREPs , EVALs , CHIEF EVALs , awards , and Navy counseling โฆ NavyWriter . com Your One Stop Shop for Navy EVAL , Award , and other Navy Writing Examples . NAVFIT98A โ Software that helps users create , store , organize , and print Fitness and Counseling Reports and Evaluations on Navy members . ( Helpdesk : ( 866 ) 827 - 5672 or uasknpc @ navy . mil ) If you are loading NAVFIT98 to create databases and upload EVALs and FITREPs on a computer with Windows 10 , you must download the driver Navy Bullet Database NavyAdvancement . com โ Tips to improve your Navy Evaluation Little Green Brain โ A tool for writing down all of your accomplishments to make writing your Navy evaluation simple . Brag Sheet Example Building Better Brag Sheets / NRA Writing Great FITREPs / NRA The Ten Deadly Sins of FITREPS PSR ( Performance Summary Record Managing Reporting Senior Averages See also the EVAL ( EVALUATION ) FLEET WEEK ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : NAVY OFFICE OF COMMUNITY OUTREACH ( NAVCO ) Navy Fleet Week โ a U.S. Navy , USMC , and U.S. Coast Guard tradition in which ships dock in a major cities for one week . At certain hours , the public can take a guided tour of the ships . Often , Fleet Week is accompanied by military demo and air shows . ( Source : Fleet Week Cities : Los Angeles , California ; San Diego , California ; Port Everglades in Broward County , Florida ; Portland , Oregon ; Seattle , Washington ; and New York City Google Search Navy Fleet Week Navy Announces 2018 Navy Week Schedule Navy . mil Navy Weeks are scheduled for the following cities in 2018 : โ San Antonio , Feb . 19 - 25 โ Waco , Texas , April 2 - 8 โ Birmingham , Alabama , April 9 - 15 โ Tampa , Florida , May 7 - 13 โ Chattanooga , Tennessee , June 11 - 17 โ Reno / Carson City , Nevada , June 17 - 23 โ Sacramento , California , July 16 - 22 โ Fargo , North Dakota , July 23 - 29 โ Milwaukee , Aug . 6 - 12 โ Louisville , Kentucky , Aug . 20 - 26 โ Cleveland , Aug . 27 - Sep . 2 โ Albuquerque , New Mexico , Sep . 10 - 16 โ Springfield , Massachusetts , Sep . 17 - 23 โ Bossier City / Shreveport , Louisiana , Oct . 29 - Nov . 4 FLTMPS ( FLEET TRAINING , MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING SYSTEM ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) FLTMPS ( Fleet Training , Management and Planning System [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ A flexible , Web - based system that allows approved Internet users the ability to quickly access many of the training , manpower and personnel reports currently available in the NTMPS system . FORMS DON Issuances โ Instructions , Notices , Manuals Naval Forms Online Website Department of the Navy Forms Management Manual DoD Issuances Website for locating the latest : Directives , Instructions , Pubs / Manuals , Directive - Type Memorandum DoD Forms Management Program Website FTS ( FULL TIME SUPPORT ) Navy Full Time Support ( FTS ) is a program that allows Navy Reservists to perform in positions as full - time active duty members , supporting the Navy Reserve Force . The purpose of the FTS program is to train and administer the Navy Reserve . The community has quotas for Reserve Component ( RC ) to Full Time Support ( RC to FTS ) transition , providing qualified Sailors an opportunity to resume or begin a career in the FTS community . [ POC : RC to AC Program Coordinator 901 - 874 - 3765 ] RC to FTS quotas are publish on the NPC website , apply through by 31 August for consideration . If you are in the requested ratings submit your application regardless of YG restrictions . Navy Personnel Command > Career Info > Career Counseling > C - WAY ( Career Waypoints ) User Guide BUPERS - 33 ( REV . 26 Mar 2018 ) NAVY RESERVE FUNERAL ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : NOSC MAP ) Funeral Honors Details โ This service provided to the local community is one of the NOSC โ s top two priority missions ( the other being training and mobilization of SELRES ) . Navy Military Funerals โ US Navy Military Funeral As of January 1 , 2000 , Section 578 of Public Law 106 - 65 of the National Defense Authorization Act mandates that the United States Armed Forces shall provide the rendering of honors in a military funeral for any eligible veteran if requested by his or her family . As mandated by federal law , an honor guard detail for the burial of an eligible veteran shall consist of no fewer than two members of the Armed Forces . One member of the detail shall be a representative of the parent armed service of the deceased veteran . The Military Funeral G โ โ Golf โ GENERAL MILITARY TRAINING ( GMT ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) Navy eliminates online GMT โ mandatory training shakeup puts commands in charge By : Mark D . Faram , March 27 , 2017 ( Source : Navy Times NKO Content Shifts to My Navy Portal ( 06APR2017 ) MNP ( My Navy Portal ) GMT ( General Military Training ) [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( Help Desk : 1 - 877 - 253 - 7122 option 1 or netc . helpdesk @ navy . mil ) GOVDELIVERY GovDelivery is the only digital communications platform exclusively for government , serving over 1000 public sector organizations around the world . H โ โ Hotel โ HISTORY ( NAVY ) Naval History and Heritage Command Google Search Navy History HUMOR Google Search Navy Humor I โ โ India โ INTELLIGENCE ( INTEL ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC : INTEL OFFICER or INTELLIGENCE SPECIALIST ( IS ) ) Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to commanders in support of their decisions . This is achieved by providing an assessment of data from a range of sources , directed towards the commanders โ mission requirements or responding to questions as part of operational or campaign planning . ( Source : Military Intelligence DEBKAfile Covers global security , terrorism , military matters , and political analysis , with a focus on Middle Eastern politics . Defense News Military . com โ Early Brief IDC ( INFORMATION DOMINANCE CORPS ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC : INTEL OFFICER or INTELLIGENCE SPECIALIST ( IS ) ) Navy Information Forces , formerly Navy Information Dominance Forces NAVY INFORMATION FORCES INFOSEC ( INFORMATION SECURITY ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC : INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL ( IP ) OFFICER or INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ( IT ) ) INFOSEC โ the practice of preventing unauthorized access , use , disclosure , disruption , modification , inspection , recording or destruction of information . INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ( IT ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC : INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL ( IP ) OFFICER or INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ( IT ) ) COMNAVRESFOR N6 Department : Navy Reserve Customer Support Center ( Help Desk ) Email : NavyReserveCSC @ navy . mil Commercial : 757 - 322 - 2489 Toll Free : 866 - 830 - 6466 System Authorization Access Request Navy ( SAAR - N ) or Additional Link J โ โ Juliet โ JOAPPLY ( JUNIOR OFFICER APPLY ) [ RESERVE FORCE MANPOWER TOOLS ( RFMT ) ] ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC : O1 - O4 OFFICERS ) Junior Officer APPLY ( JOAPPLY [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ Officers with ranks of LCDR and below of the Selected Reserve ( SELRES ) are eligible to apply for vacant billets using JOAPPLY . JOAPPLY Schedule JOINT KNOWLEDGE ONLINE ( JKO ) Joint Knowledge Online ( JKO ) โ An online learning management / training system . JOINT SERVICES TRANSCRIPTS ( JST ) Joint Service Transcript ( JST / SMART ) formerly SMART documents the number of potential college credits the American Council on Education ( ACE ) recommends for formal military training and occupational experience . The primary purpose of the JST / SMART is to assist service members in obtaining college credit for their military experience . ( Reference : JST / SMART Helpful Hints for Schools to Assist Sailors โ Joint Services Transcript ( JST ) including how to read the document , what it contains , and how to contact JST for various issues . ( Reference : ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC : O3 - O5 OFFICERS ) Navy Personnel Command > Officer > Officer Detailing > Joint Officer > JPME Google Search JPME ( Joint Professional Military Education ) JPMEeeek ! K โ โ Kilo โ KNIFE Ka - Bar Knife โ The traditional KA - BAR marked for Navy personnel . Tang stamped USN . Leather sheath included . L โ โ Lima โ LEADERSHIP ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC : OFFICERS ) Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to โ lead โ or guide other individuals , teams , or entire organizations . ( Source : Leadership Senior Officer Leadership Course ( SOLC ) โ A 2 - day course for Captains , Commanders , and officers selected to promote to Commander . It is facilitated at select Navy Operational Support Centers ( NOSCs ) as stand - alone courses . [ Additional Information Reserve Intermediate Leadership Course ( RILC ) โ A 2 - day course for Reserve Ensigns through Lieutenant Commanders and Chief Warrant Officers and is facilitated at select NOSCs nationwide . [ Additional Information LDO ( LIMITED DUTY OFFICER ) / CWO ( CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC : CWO / LDO OFFICERS ) Navy Personnel Command > Officer > Community Managers > Active OCM > LDO / CWO OCM LIBRARY โ NAVY GENERAL LIBRARY PROGRAM ( NGLP ) Navy General Library Program ( NGLP ) โ A free Navy MWR program for sailors , families , retirees , dependents and civilians wanting 24 / 7 access to electronic books , audio books , reference materials , and newspapers . ( Source : Navy Installations Command Public Affairs , Navy Digital Library Expands its Reach ! Release Date : 10 / 01 / 2015 ) LIFE INSURANCE See the SGLI ( SERVICE MEMBERS โ GROUP LIFE INSURANCE ) LINEAL / PRECEDENCE NUMBER ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC : OFFICERS ) Get in Line Naval Register [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ The register Number ( xxxxxxxx ) assigned is the number which indicates the officer โ s relative seniority on the Active - Duty Lists or on the Reserve Active Status List . The Active - Duty List register number is the lineal number . The Reserve Active - Status list register number is the precedence number . Lineal and precedence numbers are assigned per SECNAVINST 1427.2 according to seniority . FTS officers are assigned both lineal numbers and precedence numbers . Officers on the Retired and the Inactive - Status Lists are not assigned register numbers . Selection Boards Information In Zone Determination โ A NAVADMIN message setting the โ zones โ is released โ usually โ in the middle of December . Example FY - 13 NAVADMIN Message โ NOTICE OF CONVENING FY - 13 NAVY RESERVE CAPTAIN , COMMANDER , LIEUTENANT COMMANDER , LIEUTENANT , AND CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER โ PROMOTION SELECTION BOARDS / / Example FY - 14 NAVADMIN Message โ โ โ FY - 15 NAVADMIN Message โ โ โ FY - 16 NAVADMIN Message โ โ โ FY - 17 NAVADMIN Message FY - 18 NAVADMIN Message FY - 19 NAVADMIN Message M โ โ Mike โ MEDICAL ( Last Update : saturday , 06APR2019 ) ( POC LOCATION : MEDICAL ) IMR ( Individual Medical Readiness [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] status online : Application that displays medical info in a report card format . It contains the Physical health assessments ( PHA ) , laboratory results , dental readiness , and any medical conditions that may prohibit or limit deployment and post - deployment health assessments . It also shows when immunizations should be administered and when upcoming assessments should be completed . ( Source : Online | New Program Allows Sailors to Verify Medical Readiness Online | 22FEB2010 ) MRRS ( Medical Readiness Reporting System EDHA ( Electronic Deployment Health Assessment ) โ If you are a member of the Reserve Component , to complete this Assessment , you must contact the PDHRA CALL CENTER for a health care provider review : 1 - 888 - PDHRA - 99 . DD 2795 ( Pre - deployment ) DD 2796 ( Post Deployment ) DD 2900 ( Post Deployment Reassessment ) DD 2978 ( Deployment Mental Health Assessment ) Tricare โ Tricare ( styled TRICARE ) , formerly known as the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services ( CHAMPUS ) , was a health care program of the United States Department of Defense Military Health System . [ 1 ] Tricare provided civilian health benefits for U.S Armed Forces military personnel , military retirees , and their dependents , including some members of the Reserve Component . ( Source : PHA ( Physical Health Assessment MENTORSHIP ( Last Update : Friday , 02NOV2018 ) Navy Reserve CareerCompass โ A Mentor is a trusted counselor or guide who is involved in the development and support of one who is less experienced . A Mentee is the more junior person being mentored . The Mentor / Mentee relationship will remain professional at all times so as not to create a perception of favoritism or fraternization . The act of mentoring focuses on the Mentee and the Mentee โ s personal and career goals . Both work together to set career goals and address any questions , big or small , that the Mentee may have about the Navy Reserve Navy Reserve Mentorship Network ( NRMN ) One Page Flyer SEP2016 Navy Reserve Mentorship Network Handbook โ Overview of the NRMN Program WELCOME TO THE NAVY RESERVE โข Leading in an all - volunteer , professional force โ ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES โข * Different types of orders / drills ( e.g. IDTs , ATPs , RMPs , IDTT , AT , ADT , ADSW ) โ TEMPORARY DUTY / RECALL โข Drilling at a NOSC vs . supported command ( pros and cons ) โข * Ethics in the Reserves ( i.e. , Line of Duty timing , Conflicts of Interest with day job ) โข * Mobilizations MOBILIZATION NEW CO / OIC / XO / Unit LCPO โข * CO Preparation โข Diversity ( how to be intentionally inclusive along various vectors of diversity โข * Writing EVAL / FITREPS with impact โ EVAL or FITREPS โข * NAVFIT โ tips and how to use โ EVAL ( EVALUATION ) โข * NRRM ( Navy Reserve Readiness Module ) Helpdesk : NRRM - Support @ innovasi . com or 619 - 647 - 3177 โ NRRM ( NAVY RESERVE READINESS MODULE ) โข * Awards โ See also the COMMUNITY SPECIFIC TOPICS โข Career Paths โข * Community Values CIVILIAN / MILITARY JOB BALANCING โข Civilian job resources ( i.e. , How to get a good job to pay your mortgage ) โข Civilian job balancing ( How to get your boss to love the fact that you serve ) ESGR โข Family balance โข * Time management ( i.e. , getting the two - fers ) โข Translating and leveraging civilian skills into military positions TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS USEFUL TO THE NAVY RESERVE PROFESSION โข * RFMT APPLY [ RESERVE FORCE MANPOWER TOOLS ( RFMT ) ] APPLY JOAPPLY ( JUNIOR OFFICER APPLY ) [ RESERVE FORCE MANPOWER TOOLS ( RFMT ) ] BUPERS ( BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEL ) / NPC ( NAVY PERSONNEL COMMAND ) / PERS ( PERSONNEL ) CMS - ID CMS - ID ( CAREER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ( CMS ) INTERACTIVE DETAILING ( ID ) ) FLTMPS FLTMPS ( FLEET TRAINING , MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING SYSTEM ) NROWS NROWS ( NAVY ORDER WRITING SYSTEM ) / TRAVEL NSIPS NSIPS ( NAVY STANDARD INTEGRATED PERSONNEL SYSTEM ) โข Other Web Sites Available for Professional Development BOARDS : PREPARATION AND THE BOARD PROCESS APPLY Boards Career Development Boards ( CDB ) CAREER DEVELOPMENT BOARD ( CDB ) โข Other Boards Selection Board โ CPO / Officer MANAGING YOUR CAREER โ ENLISTED / OFFICER โข Education and JPME โ โข Enlisted Career Management / Advancement โข Jobs Joint โข Officer Preparation Professional reading list โข * Milestones โข * Timing Record maintenance โฆ AQD s โ AQD ( ADDITIONAL QUALIFICATION DESIGNATION ) โฆ Awards โ โฆ Missing EVALS / FITREPS โ EVAL or FITREPS โฆ NOBC s โ NOBC ( NAVY OFFICER BILLET CLASSIFICATION ) โข Specialty Courses ( e.g. RILC , SOLC , NRUM , NRAMS , SNROC ) MENTORING BASICS โข Navy Reserve Mentorship Network MENTORING TOPICS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT โข Creating and Sustaining a Culture of Innovation โข POM / FYDDP : How money works in the military / government โข Planning tools : OSPLANs , Plans of the Year , POM , FYDP , Long Range Training Plan โข Protocol , etiquette , traditions ( Change of command , retirement and promotion ceremonies ) โข Regulations ( how to leverage the wisdom that is contained in our regulations ) โข RUAD Management MILCONNECT milConnect โ Manage your benefits and supporting personnel records , including DEERS , TRICARE , SGLI / FSGLI , and GI Bill . MILITARY SPOUSES RESIDENCY RELIEF ACT ( MSRRA ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) Military Spouses Residency Relief Act ( MSRRA ) โ Written to amend the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act , to include protection of military spouses , with regards to voting , property and taxes , and provide equitable treatment of military spouses [ Additional reference from Military One Source PDF ] . MILSUITE milSuite [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ A collection of online applications focused on improving the methods of secure collaboration for the US DoD . The effort is produced by the U.S. Army Program Executive Office for Command , Control and Communications โ Tactical โ s MilTech Solutions office with the online suite consisting of four applications : milBook , milWiki , milWire and milTube . ( Source : MilSuite MNP ( My Navy Portal ) is a system designed by Sailors for Sailors . MNP reduces the number of different websites and systems Sailors must visit , and is organized around 11 Career & Life Event ( CLE ) categories that encompass the most common personnel , training , and education tasks Sailors perform throughout their careers . New to the Navy โ See information on A Schools and C Schools and reporting to your first command . Advancement & Promotion โ Verify eligibility for advancement , prepare for advancement exam and selection board review . Assignment / Leave / Travel โ Link to official Navy systems to negotiate orders , submit job applications , negotiate with detailer , understand and execute military travel , and execute a PCS transfer . NOTE : Assignment section has introductory content in the initial release . Career Continuation โ View CWAY information and see Career Development Board and reenlistment resources . Collateral Duty โ See information on Command programs . Deployment โ Prepare for deployment , complete required training , understand and manage operational stress , and return from deployment . Pay & Benefits โ Access myPay and understand military pay and benefits . Performance โ See PRT scores , fill out and print PARFQ , track FEP progress , and learn how to establish and maintain physical readiness . Sailor & Family Support โ View information , help , and assistance available for Sailors and their families . Retirement & Separation โ Request separation and transfer to Fleet Reserve or retirement and schedule and complete tasks required for transition . Training / Education / Qualifications โ View information on formal training ; info on licenses , certifications , qualifications , education programs , military colleges and universities , and preparing for college . My Navy Portal ( MNP ) Quick Tour MOB ( MOBILIZATION ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) Ready Reserve Screening Questionnaire NAVPERS 1001 / 3 Rev 05 - 04 Navy Personnel Command > Career Info > Augmentation ( PERS - 4G ) NAVY IA ( Individual Augmentee 1 . Pre - Deployment Fleet And Family Support Program Mobilization Checklist / Expeditionary Screening Forms ( Source : Augmentation Management Division ( PERS - 46 ) http : / / www . navygirl . com / Reservist / mobilization . htm 2 . Man / Train / Equip ECRC ( Expeditionary Combat Readiness Center 3 . Boots on Ground ( BOG ) Maximizing your Savings Options while Serving in a Combat Zone Early Retirement for Reserves ( aka 90 days Retirement Age Reduction ) SDP ( Savings Deposit Program WTP ( Warrior Transition Program 4 . Re - Deployment / Demobilization Checklist Update ID Card PDHRA ( Post - Deployment Health Reassessment ) survey ( Notes : LOGIN : SSN Password : Use โ Forgot Your Password ? โ link ) EDHA ( Electronic Deployment Health Assessment ) โ If you are a member of the Reserve Component , to complete this Assessment , you must contact the PDHRA CALL CENTER for a health care provider review : 1 - 888 - PDHRA - 99 . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . 1st MOB โ LCDR Beamsley โ August 2009 - September 2010 2nd MOB โ LCDR Beamsley โ December 2012 โ July 2013 MUSEUMS ( NAVY ) National Museum of the United States Navy Hampton Roads Naval Museum โ Norfolk , VA National Museum of the American Sailor ( formerly Great Lakes Naval Museum ) โ Naval Station Great Lakes , IL National Naval Aviation Museum โ Pensacola , FL National Navy UDT - SEAL Museum โ Fort Pierce , FL Naval Museum of Armament & Technology โ Ridgecrest , CA Naval Undersea Museum โ Keyport , WA Naval War College Museum โ Newport , RI Navy Art Collection โ Washington Navy Yard , Washington , D.C . Patuxent River Naval Air Museum โ Lexington Park , MD Puget Sound Navy Museum โ Bremerton , WA Submarine Force Museum & Historic Ship Nautilus โ Groton , CT USS Constitution Museum ( โ Old Ironsides โ ) โ Boston , Massachusetts U.S. Naval Academy Museum โ Annapolis , MD U . S . Navy Memorial Museum โ Washington , D.C . U.S. Navy Seabee Museum โ Port Hueneme , CA MUSIC The Black Eyed Peas โ Pump It โ Navy โ Pump it โ Village People โ In the Navy OFFICIAL Music Video 1978 MYPAY MyPay โ View your Leave and Earnings Statement ( LES ) ; manage allotments , direct deposit , and tax withholding . N โ โ November โ NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND ( NAVSEA ) ( Last Update : Saturday , 06APR2019 ) Naval Sea Systems Command NAVSEA โ Is a materiel agency of the United States Department of the Navy , responsible for the design , construction , and maintenance of military systems such as ships , aircraft , and weapons . NAVSEA SURGEMAIN [] Add other 4 system commands ? ? ? NAVY APP LOCKER Navy App Locker โ An app version of the U.S. Navy โ s associated website , and provides Navy Sailors , civilians , and family members a central location to view mobile applications , review detailed information about Navy - developed apps , and have streamlined access to their device โ s appropriate app store . HelpDesk : navyapps @ navy . mil The Navy App Locker Now Available ( 16MAR2017 ) NAVY COLLEGE โ Resources enabling higher education : prepare for entrance exams , request Tuition Assistance ( TA ) , contact the Navy College Virtual Education Center ( VEC ) , and more . NAVY COOL ( CREDENTIALING OPPORTUNITIES ONLINE ) Navy Credentialing Opportunities Online ( COOL ) to learn what civilian credentials pertain to your military training and experience and view resources available to help attain those credentials . APP : Navy COOL NAVY ELEARNING ( NEL ) ( Last Update : Monday , 29OCT2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) Navy eLearning ( NeL ) ( Help Desk : 1 - 877 - 253 - 7122 option 1 or NEL_HelpDesk . fct @ navy . mil ) โ Use to enroll in and complete Navy Schoolhouse , Professional Military Education ( PMW ) , General Military Training ( GMT ) , and Information Assurance courses . NAVY FAMILY ACCOUNTABILITY AND ASSESSMENT SYSTEM ( NFAAS ) Best Recommend annual time to update the NFAAS requirement is December 1 June 1 [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] standardizes a method for the Navy to account , assess , manage , and monitor the recovery process for personnel and their families affected and / or scattered by a wide - spread catastrophic event . APP : NFAAS NAVY RESERVE E - LODGING ( Last Updated : Thursday , 28FEB2019 ) ) โ SELRES members to make their lodging requests online for drill weekends [ Step - by - Step Instructions ] . NREL User guides are available on the CNRFC N4 NRH page User guides are available on the myNRH page BERTHING NAVY RESERVE HOMEPORT Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) Navy Reserve [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( aka โ The NAVY RESERVE Homeport โ ) Navy Reserve ( NR ) organization and components Structure โ Purpose of reserve components [ Source : 10 USC CHAPTER 1003 Sec . 10102 ] . The purpose of each reserve component is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces , in time of war or national emergency , and at such other times as the national security may require , to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components . The NR is the Reserve Component ( RC ) of U.S. Navy , and is broken down into several categories based service responsibilities and commitment status in contributing to the overall mission . Ready Reserve โ The Ready Reserve provides a pool of trained service members who are ready to step in and serve whenever and wherever needed . It is made up of the Selected Reserve โ which includes Drilling Reservists / Units as well as Full - Time Support ( FTS ) personnel โ and the Individual Ready Reserve ( IRR ) . Selected Reserve ( SELRES ) โ This group โ the largest and most relied upon of the Ready Reserve โ consists of : Drilling Reservists / Units โ These are designated Reservists who are available for recall to Active Duty status . They serve as the Navy โ s primary source of immediate manpower . They typically fulfill the traditional service commitment of one weekend a month and two weeks a year . And they receive many of the same benefits and perform many of the same duties as their Active Duty counterparts . This includes persons on initial Active Duty for training . Full - Time Support ( FTS ) โ These are designated Reservists who perform full - time Active Duty service that relates to the training and administration of the Navy Reserve program . They may be assigned to shore activities and commands or operational units . They typically are not reassigned to different locations as often as those on regular Active Duty . And they receive the same pay , allowances and benefits as Active Duty members . FULL - TIME SUPPORT ( FTS ) Individual Ready Reserve ( IRR ) โ This group consists of individuals who have had training or have previously served in an Active Duty component or in the Selected Reserve . Inactive status โ These members of the IRR do not drill , are not obligated to take part in military activities , and receive no pay or benefits . Active status โ Individuals assigned to the IRR may be eligible to receive pay or benefits for voluntarily performing specific types of Active Duty ( AD ) service . Standby Reserve โ The Standby Reserve is made up of Reservists who have transferred from the Ready Reserve after fulfilling certain requirements established by law . Most common Standby Reservists are those who have been deemed key civilian employees by the government or those suffering through personal adversity or disability . While they are not required to perform training and are not part of any specific unit , they do create a pool of trained individuals who could be mobilized , if necessary , to fill manpower needs in specific skill areas . Retired Reserve - Inactive โ The Retired Reserve - Inactive is made up of Reservists who are drawing retired pay or are qualified for retired pay upon reaching 60 years of age . Navy Reserve Organization Echelon I Chief of Naval Operations / Chief of Navy Reserve Echelon II Commander , Navy Reserve Force ( 00072 ) ( CNRF ) Echelon III Commander , Navy Reserve Forces Command ( 3447B ) ( CNRFC ) Echelon III Commander , Naval Air Force Reserve ( 00071 ) ( CNAFR ) Echelon IV Reserve Component Commands ( RCC ) Echelon V Navy Operational Support Center ( NOSC ) Office of Navy Reserve : Appointment of Chief , Echelon I โ The Chief of Navy Reserve ( CNR ) is the official within the executive part of the Department of the Navy who , subject to the authority , direction , and control of the Secretary of the Navy and the Chief of Naval Operations , is responsible for preparation , justification , and execution of the personnel , operation and maintenance , and construction budgets for the Navy Reserve . As such , the Chief of Navy Reserve is the director and functional manager of appropriations made for the Navy Reserve in those areas . Navy Reserve Force , Echelon II ( a ) Establishment of Command . โ The Secretary of the Navy , with the advice and assistance of the Chief of Naval Operations , shall establish a Navy Reserve Force . The Navy Reserve Force shall be operated as a separate command of the Navy . ( b ) Commander . โ The Chief of Navy Reserve shall be the commander of the Navy Reserve Force . The commander of the Navy Reserve Force reports directly to the Chief of Naval Operations . Commander , Navy Reserve Forces Command ( CNRFC ) , Echelon III โ CNRFC is a 2 - star responsible for establishing and managing Navy Reserve policy . CNRFC , also known as โ ResFor โ ( Reserve Forces ) , is located in Norfolk , Virginia . Reserve Component Command ( RCC ) Echelon IV โ Most RCC โ s are commanded by a Navy O - 6 . Navy Operational Support Center ( NOSC ) Echelon V โ Navy Operational Support Centers provide administrative oversight and coordination of Navy Reserve Units ( NRU ) . The rank of the NOSC CO varies between O - 4 and O - 6 , based upon the number of SELRES assigned to a given NOSC . NOSCs are also referred to as Naval Reserve Activities ( NRA ) . Naval Reserve Unit ( NRU ) Echelon VI โ Naval Reserve Units support operational commands while also monitoring the mobilization readiness of respective Reserve personnel . NRU โ s are also referred to as Naval Reserve Activity Unit ( NRAU ) . NETC ( NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING COMMAND Last Update : Saturday , 09FEB2019 ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) NETC ( Naval Education and Training Command ) โ a major command of the US Navy responsible for training . Afloat College Education ( NCPACE ) CANTRAC ( Catalog of Navy Training Courses Defense Activity for Non - Traditional Education Support ( DANTES ) Distance Learning Partnership Schools DOD Voluntary Education Fleet Management & Planning System ( FLTMPS ) Joint Services Transcript ( JST ) Navy eLearning Navy Advancement Center Naval Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps ( NJROTC ) Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps ( NROTC ) Non Resident Training Courses Navy COOL โ Credentialing Opportunities On - Line Officer Training Command Personnel Qualification Standards ( PQS ) Recruit Training Command ( Boot Camp ) Seaman to Admiral Program ( STA - 21 ) Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges ( SOCNAV ) Tuition Assistance ( TA ) United Services Military Apprenticeship Program ( USMAP ) VA Educational Benefits NEW TO THE NAVY New to the Navy โ See information on A School and C Schools and reporting to your first command . Ask for a โ Welcome Aboard Package โ ( Examples ) and if they do not have one ; ask another person . NIF ( NAVY INFORMATION FORCES ) Navy Information Forces , formerly Navy Information Dominance Forces , is the Type Commander ( TYCOM ) for cryptology / SIGINT , cyber , electronic warfare , information operations , intelligence , networks , and space disciplines . ( Source : Wikipedia : Navy Information Forces IDC Self Synchronization โ To share unclassified information , enhance our collective situational awareness and facilitate the development of a common Navy Information Dominance Corps ( IDC ) culture . This space will be used to post documents and other information of interest to the IDC . NKO ( NAVY KNOWLEDGE ONLINE ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) NKO Content Shifts to My Navy Portal ( 06APR2017 ) NKO ( Navy Knowledge Online [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( Backup Link [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( Help Desk Info : 1 - 877 - 253 - 7122 option 1 or netc . helpdesk @ navy . mil ) DOD IC Cyber Awareness Challenge V2 ( DOD - IC - IAA - V12 . 0 ) NPC ( NAVY PERSONNEL COMMAND ) ) ( Customer Service : 1 - 866 - 827 - 5672 or UASKNPC @ navy . mil ) NMCI ( NAVY / MARINE CORPS INTRANET ) NMCI EMAIL Web Server ( [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( ( Service Desk ( 866 ) 843 - 6624 ( Supports changes in rank and lost passwords ) ) NOBC ( NAVY OFFICER BILLET CLASSIFICATION ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) Navy Personnel Command > Career Info > Reserve Personnel Mgmt > Officers > NOBC / AQD NOBC ( Navy Officer Billet Classification NOBC Application & Approval BUPERS INSTRUCTION 1001.39F Chapter 9 Figure 9 - 2 โ Format for Request Assignment of an NOBC or AQD NOSC ( NAVY OPERATIONAL SUPPORT COMMAND ) NOSC โ The mission of the NOSC is to provide mission - capable units and individuals . โ Ready Now . Anytime , Anywhere . โ NOSC Locations Navy Operational Support Center ( NOSC ) is a Navy Reserve Organization Echelon V Command NROWS ( NAVY ORDER WRITING SYSTEM ) / TRAVEL NROWS ( Navy Reserve Order Writing System [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( Help Desk : 800 - 537 - 4617 ) TRAINING : NROWS Order Administration Course ( R - 500 - 0140 / 02PG ) on NKO New Travel Claim Process โ Defense Travel System ( DTS Old Travel Claim Process โ Travel Voucher or Subvoucher DD Form 1351 - 2 , MAY 2011 ( Google Search NON - PROFIT FOUNDATION Honor Flight Network โ A non - profit organization created to honor America โ s veterans for all their sacrifices by transporting our heroes to Washington D.C. to visit their memorials . Warrior Dog Foundation โ A non - profit organization that provides care and comfort to dogs that have ended their service supporting American troops . Wounded Warrior Project ( WWP ) โ A nonprofit 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) organization charity and veterans service organization that offers a variety of programs , services and events for wounded veterans of the military actions following September 11 , 2001 . U.S. Naval Institute โ A nonprofit professional military association , established in 1873 , that seeks to offer independent , nonpartisan forums for debate of national defense and security issues . NRRM ( NAVY RESERVE READINESS MODULE ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) NRRM ( Navy Reserve Readiness Module [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] Helpdesk : NRRM - Support @ innovasi . com or 619 - 647 - 3177 โ A comprehensive data viewing system designed to consolidate , store and manage readiness information for the Navy Reserve . This web - based program provides the capability for display and analysis of readiness data at various levels of detail to give the user a clear picture of current readiness . The Navy Reserve Readiness Module โ InnovaSystems International [ PDF NRRQ ( NAVY RESERVE QUALIFICATION QUESTIONNAIRE ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) NRQQ ( Navy Reserve Qualification Questionnaire ) Form from NPC - It provides current information on your experience , education and skills for use in determining mobilization assignments . It provides information on your foreign language proficiency , civilian education and professional achievements to boards considering you for selection to the next higher grade , or to disposition boards considering you for retention in , or release from , the Navy Reserve . NAVPERS 1200 / 2 Ready Reserve Screening Questionnaire NAVPERS 1001 / 3 Rev 05 - 04 Navy Personnel Command > Career Info > Reserve Personnel Mgmt > Officers > NRQQ Information NSIPS ( NAVY STANDARD INTEGRATED PERSONNEL SYSTEM ) Last Update : Friday , 02NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN ) NSIPS ( [ DOD Certificate ] ( aka Electronic Service Record ( ESR ) ) โ A Web - based system that is the single repository for personnel and pay data for all active - duty and Reserve Sailors in the Navy . ( Help Desk : 1 - 877 - 589 - 5991 option 2 , 504 - 697 - 5442 option 2 , or NSIPSHelpDesk . fcm @ navy . mil ) Civilian Employment Information ( CEI ) is located in [ DOD Certificate ] . Page 2 ( Dependency Application / Record of Emergency Data ) NAVPERS 1070 / 602 is located in [ DOD Certificate ] . Navy Personnel Command > Organization > NPC > Information Management > Corporate Systems > O โ โ Oscar โ ODC ( OFFICER DATA CARD ) , OSR ( OFFICER SUMMARY RECORD ) , PSR ( PERFORMANCE SUMMARY RECORD ) ODC ( Officer Data Card ) ( Located in BOL [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ) , NAVPERS 1301 / 51 , is a report containing personal information for active Officers and is created from the Officer Personnel Information System ( OPINS ) database . The ODC contains personal data , education data , service school data , assignment history , promotion history , etc . for the active officer . PSR ( Performance Summary Record ) ( Located in [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ) consists of three separate documents : Part I โ also known as the Officer Summary Record ( OSR ) , OSR โ Top Sheet โ or NAVPERS 1070 / 123 . This report contains much of the same data as that on the Officer Data Card ( ODC ) . Both the OSR and the ODC are generated from the Officer Personnel Information System ( OPINS ) database . Since most of the fields are the same , instructions in the online ODC will be used for correction of the OSR fields as well . Part II โ also known as the Officer Summary Record ( OSR ) โ Bottom Sheet โ , pre - 96 PSR or NAVPERS 1070 / 50 , contains performance fitness and evaluation history prior to 1 January 1996 . Part III โ also known as the Performance Summary Report ( PSR ) or post - 96 PSR contains performance fitness and evaluation history since 1 January 1996 . OFFICER Armed Forces Officer OMBUDSMAN Ombudsmen โ An official representative of the Commanding Officer ( CO ) and plays a vital role in establishing and maintaining current and accurate communication between the command and its family members . Ombudsman Registry โ The registry allows CNIC to deliver real time communication and information to Commanders , Ombudsman , and Ombudsman Coordinators . Commands are required to register their ombudsman , and ensure that required worksheet data is submitted per OPNAVINST 1750.1 series . OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT ( ORM ) Operational Risk Management ( ORM ) โ Defined as a continual cyclic process which includes risk assessment , risk decision making , and implementation of risk controls , which results in acceptance , mitigation , or avoidance of risk . ORM is the oversight of operational risk , including the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems ; human factors ; or external events . Overview Operational Risk Management Why ORM ? ( Source : Public . Navy . mil ) Operational Risk OSPADES OSPADES โ The authoritative resource for determining allowable unit - level additional drill distributions . A ) Unit COs will not authorize additional drills to be scheduled if those drills are not distributed to them , as indicated in Web - OSPADES . Further , Unit COs must account for processing time / Web - OSPADES lag and track all authorized additional drills to ensure unit execution does not exceed unit distributions . B ) Unit COs must contact their respective OSO / PM with any questions regarding Web - OSPADES reports ; Operational Support Office ( OSO ) ( use P โ โ Papa โ PAGE 2 ( DEPENDENCY APPLICATION / RECORD OF EMERGENCY DATA ) NAVPERS 1070 / 602 What is a Page 2 ? ( Dependency Application / Record of Emergency Data ) NAVPERS 1070 / 602 Step by Step Guide to update your record of emergency data PAY / LES ( LEAVE & EARNINGS STATEMENT ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or RESPAY ) Pay Tables from Defense Finance and Accounting Service ( DFAS How To Read Your LES or How to Read a Military LES Pay is broken into three basic categories : drill pay active duty pay , and travel pay Drill pay is one day of base pay for one drill ( four hours ) completed . Drill pay is processed through direct deposit and should be in your account within three weeks after a drill . If you do n โ t receive your pay in this time frame , contact your unit pay coordinator . Make sure a โ trouble ticket โ is issued and you have the number to follow up should there be a problem . Active duty pay is one day of base pay for one day of work . All pay is processed by DFAS through Direct Deposit and Electronic Funds Transfer . The current pay rates can be accessed at DFAS . Your active duty pay will be processed after you complete your orders and you should receive the pay within the next pay cycle which pays on the 15th or 30th of the month . Travel Reimbursement : You will be reimbursed for approved expenses ( hotel , rental cars , tolls , etc . ) incurred during a duty assignment . The Government Travel Charge Card ( GTCC ) is authorized only for approved official expenses . Status : One of the best ways to find out the status of your pay and allowances is to use the DFAS myPay [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] site . Travel pay is usually processed within three weeks of receipt of a submitted complete travel claim and is paid through direct deposit . Contact your NRA if you have n โ t received pay within a reasonable time period . myPay [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ allows you to manage your pay information , Leave and Earning Statement ( LES ) , W - 2s , and more BAH Per Diem โ ( Active Duty ) Basic Allowance for Housing O1 - E Pay โ Determine if you qualify for O1E pay Save Pay โ US Code : TITLE 37 > CHAPTER 17 > ยง 907 โ Enlisted members and warrant officers appointed as officers : pay and allowances stabilized PAY / PERSONNEL / TRAVEL SOPs ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or RESPAY or N7 TRAINING ) View official Pay , Personnel , and Travel Standard Operating Procedures ( SOPs ) for Sailors , commands , and Personnel Support Departments ( PSDs ) . PCS ( PERMANENT CHANGE of STATION ) Move . mil โ An internet - based system to manage the moves of DoD household goods . The Defense Personal Property System ( DPS ) manages the website . PFA ( PHYSICAL FITNESS ASSESSMENT ) / PRT ( PHYSICAL READINESS TEST ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : MEDICAL or N7 TRAINING ) Aug 3 , 2015 Changes : 7 Things to Know about Navy โ s PFA Changes [ Source : NAVADMIN 178 / 15 Physical Readiness Test Homepage Physical Readiness Information Management System ( PRIMS [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ( Help Desk : 901 - 874 - 2210 or prims @ navy . mil Maximum Weight for Height Screening Tables Age and Sex Test Standards ( bottom of the page ) ( OPNAVINST 6110.1J Risk Factor Sheet with medical sheet ( SF600 PARFQ ( Physical Activity Risk Factor Questionnaire ) hard copy , but preferred method of documentation is through PRIMS CFL Designation Letter for PFA Example APP : Official Navy PFA app Navy Personnel Command > Support & Services > 21st Century Sailor > Physical Readiness PHA ( PHYSICAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : MEDICAL ) PHA ( Physical Health Assessment Begin your annual Periodic Health Assessment ( PHA ) online at the Navy โ s ePHA website . PHOTO ( Last Update : Tuesday , 30OCT2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or CAREER COUNSELOR ) Officers Required to Have Full - Length Photo on File from NAVPER PA Officer Photograph can be done by appointment at the Combat Photography on base . Navy Personnel Command > Officer > Officer Detailing > Pers - 41 SWO > Battle Admin > Official Photo Official Military Personnel File ( OMPF ) Official Photo Officer Photograph NAVPERS 1070 / 884 ( 04 - 2007 ) POC ( POINT OF CONTACT ) POC โ A person or a department serving as the coordinator or focal point of information concerning an activity or program . A POC is used in many cases where information is time - sensitive and accuracy is important POLITICS ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : SENIOR LEADERSHIP ) The primary guidance concerning political activity for military members is found in DoD Directive 1344.10 Guidance on Political Activity 2016 PROMOTION / COMMISSIONING Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : SENIOR OFFICERS ) Reserve Officer Promotions โ FY - 19 Promotion Board Season Message Example FY - 19 NAVADMIN Message ODC ( Officer Data Card [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ contains qualifications , promotion history , education , specialties , and billet info ; used for officer career development [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ 3 part report that summarizes the officer professional , performance history , and personal decorations info Note for Officers : Photo is required for each rank . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Officer Promotion Plan Math ( Source : Community Manager ) โ Verify eligibility for advancement , prepare for advancement exam and selection board review . Navy Personnel Command > Boards > Reserve Officer Officer Record Update โ Navy Personnel Command Officer Record Management โ Gouge on how to keep your record up - to - speed . PSD ( PERSONNEL SUPPORT DETACHMENT ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATIONS : CONUS and OCONUS PSD โ Maintain pay accounts and personnel records of officer and enlisted Navy personnel attached to commands and activities of naval shore establishment , as assigned . ( Source : OPNAVINST 1000.23C Q โ โ Quebec โ QUOTES Google Image Search โ Quotes LCDR Beamsley โ s favorite quote โฆ โ Never embarrass or surprise your leadership . โ Best Army Company Commander Quote in a warzone overheard by LCDR Beamsley , โ I have an Open Door Policy . Please , DO NOT USE IT . โ R โ โ Romeo โ RANK / RATE / NEW RANK ( Last Update : Friday , 02NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or CAREER COUNSELOR ) Rate Insignia โ Combination of rate ( pay grade ) and rating ( specialty ) for Navy enlisted personnel New Rank ( For example LTJG , LT , etc โฆ ) ( check FY โ Zone Message Delivery of Temporary / Permanent Appointment ( PERS - 4802 ) ( NAVPERS 1421 / 7 Request a Promotion Certificate from the Officer Promotion Office ( PERS - 8311 ) ( 901 - 874 - 4538 ) ( Info needed : Full name ( the way they want it spelled on the certificate ) , Rank , Date of Rank , Last 4 of SSN , and mailing address ) Oath of Office Statement I , ( name ) , do solemnly swear ( or affirm ) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies , foreign and domestic ; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same ; that I take this obligation freely , without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion ; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter . So help me God . Note for Officers : Photo is required for each rank . How to find your Date of Rank โ Three Methods : Located in [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] ODC , OSR , PSR PSR PART 1 ~ Officer Summary Record ( OSR ) Promotion History Located in NSIPS ( [ DOD Certificate ] Employee Self Service Electronic Service Record View Member Data Summary Promotion History Located in [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] Official Military Personnel File ( OMPF ) โ My Record Yes OMPF Document NAVPERS 1421 / 7 TEMP PERM APPT DLVRY ( Delivery of Temporary / Permanent Appointment ) RAPIDS APPOINTMENT SCHEDULER ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : RAPIDS Appt . Scheduler โ A website that allows any CAC or ID card customer may schedule an appointment for card services . READY RESERVE SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or N7 TRAINING ) READY TO SERVE ( R2S ) APP : Ready to Serve ( R2S ) app โ The goal is to enable SELRES to report for duty across the globe and return to home of record , receive broadcasts , access pay and personnel information , and send / receive official e - mail using only an approved mobile device . Ready - 2 - Serve ( R2S ) | Thursby Software This project is lead by the Navy Reserve CIO and is fulfilling strategic imperatives set by the Chief of Navy Reserve in the 2015 - 2025 Navy Reserve Vision [ PDF ] Ready - 2 - Serve ( R2S ) RECORD Career Toolbox RECRUITING Find a Navy Recruiter for Enlisted / Officer Active / Reserve Programs RESCHEDULE / RESCHED Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : SENIOR LEADER or N1 ADMIN ) EDM ( ENHANCED for DRILL MANAGEMENT ) / RESCHED RESERVE FORCE MANPOWER TOOLS ( RFMT ) ( APPLY / JOAPPLY ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or CAREER COUNSELOR ) RESERVE PAY ( RESPAY ) Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or RESPAY ) See also the PAY / LES ( LEAVE & EARNINGS STATEMENT ) RETIREMENT Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or CAREER COUNSELOR ) Navy Personnel Command > Career Info > Reserve Personnel Mgmt > Reserve Retirements ASOSH ( Annual Statement of Service History [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ Retirement Point Capture Sheet โ NPC Point Capture POC : ( 901 ) 874 - 4841 Early Retirement for Reserves ( aka 90 days Retirement Age Reduction ) Correspondence Courses - Commander , Navy Personnel Command ( CNPC ) has advised that they will cease automated crediting of retirement points for correspondence courses completed through navy knowledge online , the navy education and training command non - resident training course website , and any other system which automatically awards retirement points for completion of electronically delivered training , effective 1 Oct 2014 . Non - Pay retirement points for completion of correspondence courses shall be credited at the rate of one point per 4 hours of instruction . Courses which contain less than 4 hours of instruction are https : / / private . navyreserve . navy . mil / cnrfc / n - codes / n7 / pages / default . aspx . If a course is not currently listed on the master course listing , it may be submitted to COMNAVRESFORCOM ( N7 ) for routing to and possible approval by ASN for addition the master list . Ensure the sailor signs a NAVPERS 1070 / 613 , Administrative Remarks , indicating their understanding that they may not receive retirement points for concurrent activities . Accordingly they can not be awarded retirement points for correspondence courses completed while in an active or inactive duty status , for which retirement point credit is awarded , such as inactive duty training ( IDT FY18 LIST OF APPROVED CORRESPONDENCE COURSES FOR AWARDING OF NON - PAY RETIREMENT POINTS Navy E - Learning โ This site provides training anytime , anywhere in the world ( get retirement points ) Retirement Pay Calculator โ CNARF retirement pay calculator to determine your anticipated monthly retirement amount at age 60 Retirement Ceremony Retirement Ceremony Anecdotes The Watch Retirement Planning Reserve Retirement from NPC Reserve Retirement Checklist from MOAA Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Retirement Pay Blended Retirement System ( BRS ) โ Beginning in January 2018 , a new military retirement system that blends the traditional legacy retirement pension with a defined contribution to Service members โ Thrift Savings Plan account . Military . com : The Blended Retirement System Explained TSP ( Thrift Savings Plan โ TSP is a retirement savings plan for the uniformed services Deactivated website : The Career Counseling Guru RUAD ( RESERVE UNIT ASSIGNMENT DOCUMENT ) RUAD [ Source : RESPERMAN 1001 - 010 S โ โ Sierra โ SAILOR 2.1 ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) Sailor 2.1 [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ Spawar โ s website for tech data and training material for IT and Cyber sailors . SAILOR 2025 Sailor 2025 โ A Navy โ s program to improve and modernize personnel management and training systems to more effectively recruit , develop , manage , reward , and retain the force of tomorrow . SAILOR โ S CREED Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) SANCTUARY ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or CAREER COUNSELOR ) The Sanctuary Program as defined by Title 10 of the United States Code , is a federal program for protecting military service members from being forced to leave military service when they are close to attaining active - duty retirement eligibility . SECNAV CENTER FOR INNOVATION โ Challenge the Force โฆ Change the Game . โ Innovation combines the ideas , insights , and resources of Sailors , Marines and civilians in new ways to benefit the naval services . Link to the Naval Innovation Network ( NIN ) to connect and collaborate on innovation activities across the naval services , components and levels . SECURITY CLEARANCE Last Update : Friday , 02NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or SSO ) e - QIP ( Electronic Questionnaires for Investigations Processing Note : Applicants can only access the e - QIP system if they have been invited to do so by an appropriate official at their sponsoring agency . View your Security Information โ It is located in [ DOD Certificate ] under the Personal Information link โ Security . JPAS ( Joint Personnel Adjudication System ) โ The system standardize the adjudication process within DoD ; provide an improved database and processes within the security manager realm of functions ; and to allow better communication between the central adjudication facility ( CAF ) and the security personnel in the field who actually give cleared individuals access to classified information . It was also a first step in a process to a virtual consolidation of adjudicative functions of the DoD CAFs . ( Source : ClearanceJobs . com SELECTION BOARD ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or CAREER COUNSELOR ) Selection Board Details about how Navy selection boards operate by Diane Boettcher on 10 May 2018 Record Review Audit Service from the Navy Personnel Command > Boards SERVICEMEMBERS CIVIL RELIEF ACT ( SCRA ) The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act ( SCRA ) ( formerly called the Soldiers โ and Sailors โ Civil Relief Act ) ( codified at 50 U.S.C. ยง ยง 3901 โ 4043 ) โ a United States federal law that protects soldiers , sailors , airmen , marines , and coast guardsmen from being sued while in active military service of their country and for up to a year after active duty , as well as U.S. citizens serving with allied military forces for the duration of a military conflict involving the United States . SERVICE RECORD Last Update : Saturday , 03NOV2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N1 ADMIN or CAREER COUNSELOR ) [ DOD Certificate ] ( aka Electronic Service Record ( ESR ) ) โ A Web - based system that is the single repository for personnel and pay data for all active - duty and Reserve Sailors in the Navy . ( Help Desk : 1 - 877 - 589 - 5991 option 2 , 504 - 697 - 5442 option 2 , or NSIPSHelpDesk @ navy . mil ) OMPF ( Official Military Personnel File ) โ My Record SGLI ( SERVICE MEMBERS โ GROUP LIFE INSURANCE ) SGLI ( Servicemembers โ Group Life Insurance Election and Certificate ) ( SGLV 8286 ) โ A program that provides low - cost term life insurance coverage to eligible Service members . SOES ( SGLI Online Enrollment System ) โ Beginning April 2017 , members of the Navy can manage their SGLI coverage using the SOES . SOCIAL MEDIA U.S. Navy Social Media Command Directory SPACE - A TRAVEL DoD Military Space - Available Travel is a means by which uniformed members of US services , reservists and retirees , US DoD civilian personnel ( under certain circumstances ) , and each of these groups โ dependents are permitted to travel on aircraft under the jurisdiction of the US DoD when excess capability allows . Space - A . net ( Space - Available ) $ $ $ SPAWAR ACQUISITION & INTEGRATED LOGISTICS ONLINE REPOSITORY ( SAILOR ) SPAWAR Acquisition & Integrated Logistics Online Repository ( SAILOR ) [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ An application designed to deploy critical logistics , configuration files , and technical documentation and to provide a single point of entry to retrieve systems support information for SPAWAR programs of record . SUPPLY ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N4 LOGISTICS ) Naval Supply Systems Command ( NAVSUP ) โ A command of the United States Navy . Headquartered in Mechanicsburg , Pennsylvania , the NAVSUP and Navy Supply Corps team deliver logistics and support to the Navy . Navy Supply Corps โ The United States Navy Supply Corps is the United States Navy staff corps concerned with supply , logistics , combat support , readiness , contracting , and fiscal matters . eSUPPO T โ โ Tango โ TAX IRS โ Location of IRS Form W2 and 1095 - C ( DFAS Customer Care Center at 1 - 888 - 332 - 7411 option 5 ) IRS Forms IRS Tax Information for Members of the U.S. Armed Forces TEMPORARY DUTY / RECALL ( IDT , AT , ADT , ADSW , PRC , RECALL , MOB ) โ Flat Rate TDY Per Diem Adjustment Starting in FY15 ( 01OCT2014 ) , all personnel on new , long - term TDY orders to a single location in support of contingency operations ( including mobilization ) will see a reduction in the amount of per diem to which they are entitled . Members on orders of up to 30 days will still collect 100 % of the maximum locality rate . Members on orders of 30 - 179 days will receive 75 % of ADT / ADSW / Recall Opportunities Navy Reserve Definite Recall and Canvasser Recruiter Programs ( PERS - 92 ) IDC Opportunities Opportunity EMAIL Subscription โ Navy Reserve Forces Command offers updates on opportunities and more via EMAIL / SMS . Advertisement Portal [ DOD EMAIL Certificate ] โ COMNAVRESFOR Operational Support Volunteer portal . THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN ( TSP ) TSP ( Thrift Savings Plan โ TSP is a retirement savings plan for the uniformed services Deactivated website : The Career Counseling Guru TRAVEL AFVClub โ The Military Vacations for Families from Armed Forces Vacation Club ยฎ ( AFVC ) is a โ Space Available โ program that offers military and other Department of Defense - affiliated personnel the opportunity to enjoy vacations at popular destinations around the world DOD Lodging . net MWR Wikipedia Info ) โ Morale , Welfare and Recreation ( MWR ) is a network of support and leisure services . Each branch of the United States Armed Forces has a branch . MWR provides free and discounted recreation to military personnel and their families . Space - A . net ( Space - Available ) $ $ $ โ DoD Military Space - Available Travel is a means by which uniformed members of US services , reservists and retirees , US DoD civilian personnel ( under certain circumstances ) , and each of these groups โ dependents are permitted to travel on aircraft under the jurisdiction of the US DoD when excess capability allows . SPACE - A TRAVEL TRICARE ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : MEDICAL ) TRICARE โ A health care program of the US DoD Military Health System . TWMS ( TOTAL WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : N7 TRAINING ) TWMS โ A database used for civilians AND all Navy Cyber security personnel to track training and certifications for Info Assurance . Help Desk : eas @ ctirms . com ( primary ) , TWMSAdministrator @ navy . mil ( secondary ) ; or NMCI Help Desk toll 1 - 888 - 264 - 4255 ( DSN : 942 - 6597 ) and select the TWMS option . Acquisition Workforce โ Total Workforce Management Services U โ โ Uniform โ UNIFORM 04AUG2016 โ The Navy announced in NAVADMIN 174 / 16 it will transition from the Navy Working Uniform ( NWU ) Type I to the NWU Type III as the service โ s primary shore working uniform beginning Oct . 1 , 2016 . Over the next three years , Sailors may wear either the NWU Type I or III , but effective Oct . 1 , 2019 , all Sailors will be expected to wear the NWU Type III as their primary Working Uniform when ashore or in port . Navy Uniforms Online Navy Uniform Regulations How to Shine Shoes Proper Wearing of BDU UNITED SERVICES MILITARY APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAM ( USMAP ) ( Last Update : Tuesday , 11SEP2018 ) ( POC LOCATION : CAREER COUNSELOR ) The United Services Military Apprenticeship Program ( USMAP ) provides enlisted Sailors ( AC , FTS ) the opportunity to complete civilian apprenticeship requirements while on active duty and earn a U.S. Department of Labor โ Certificate of Completion โ and Journeyman card upon program completion . V โ โ Victor โ VETERANS DAY โ Veterans Day Free VETERANS RESOURCES How can I contact the Department of Veterans Affairs ? How can I get education benefits under the Montgomery GI Bill ? How can I get information on suicide prevention ? How can I get a home loan ? How can I get life insurance ? How can I get vocational rehabilitation and employment benefits ? How can I get survivor benefits ? What drug benefits are available ? How can I get a copy of my military records ? VOTE VOTE W โ โ Whiskey โ WAR This Infographic Tells You Everything You Need To Know About Authorizing War WARFARE List of United States Navy enlisted warfare designations WATCH ( Last Update : Thursday , 25OCT2018 ) Watch Bill โ A watch system , watch schedule , or watch bill is a method of assigning regular periods of work duty aboard ships and some other areas of employment . A watch system allows the ship โ s crew to operate the ship 24 hours a day for the duration of long voyages or operations . Sleep : Go Circadian Now ! by Captain John P . Cordle , U.S. Navy ( Retired ) | September 22 , 2017 X โ โ X - Ray โ XO Executive officers ( XOs ) are assigned to all ships , aviation squadrons and shore units and installations . Best Practices for the Surface Warfare XO U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings magazine , September 2003 ] Y โ โ Yankee โ YEOMAN ( YN ) YN โ Yeoman โ A yeoman is an enlisted person within the United States Navy that performs administrative and clerical work . Z โ โ Zulu โ ZULU TIME ZULU Time โ Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT ) . OTHER INFORMATION LINKS ยฉ 2001 - 2019 [ KellyBeamsley . com ] All rights reserved . Privacy Policy Warning : This is not an official United States Navy Information and Training Resource 15 thoughts on โ Navy โ Chris Curry October 30 , 2018 at 12 : 57 AM The Navy eLearning helpdesk email address listed on your page is wrong . The current helpdesk email address is NEL_HelpDesk . fct @ navy . mil according to https : / / lms . nel . navy . mil / help / lmsfiles / atlas_help . html Reply kbeamsley October 30 , 2018 at 1 : 14 AM Thanks for the update Chris ! Update completed . Cheers from the road in TEXAS ! Kb Reply Ryan Musante November 1 , 2018 at 1 : 03 AM Phenomenal work in collecting these links and for keeping it up - to - date as well ! ! I work in Administration and this is extremely helpful ! kbeamsley November 1 , 2018 at 1 : 59 AM Thanks Ryan ! If you see anything that needs to be update โฆ Please do not hesitate to contact me with that improvement so that everyone benefits : ) Cheers from the road in TEXAS ! Kb Ryan Musante November 6 , 2018 at 4 : 58 AM Could you consider having an alternate view for the website as a secondary option ? ( Keep standard display as default and aggregate as optional ) https : / / skimfeed . com / uses an aggregate model for organizing topics and links . Since your site already is organized alphabetically , it could be sorted in same way . The titles and heading are short enough that with a smaller font , it could displayed in the way skimfeed uses . mac starks November 2 , 2018 at 1 : 44 PM The NSIPS link is incorrect on here and needs the updated website . November 2 , 2018 at 1 : 48 PM Sure , I believe this is an updated link for NSIPS : . All the NSIPS links have been updated through the site . Enjoy ! Cheers from the road in TEXAS ! Kb Chris Kennedy January 6 , 2019 at 8 : 39 PM The direct CANTRAC link is : https : / / app . prod . cetars . training . navy . mil / cantrac / vol2 . html You have an above NETC website with a link ( down ) to CANTRAC : https : / / www . public . navy . mil / netc / Development . aspx # March 1 , 2019 at 9 : 37 AM Thank you for update Chris ! The link has been updated . Cheers from the African Road โฆ in Yaounde Cameroon ! Kb Ellery Blood February 22 , 2019 at 10 : 53 PM Kelly , Awesome page . Thanks . Yet another Navy Reserve link to add . The navy has implemented an online berthing application , which is now the primary means of submitting berthing requests across the Navy Reserve . it is hosted on the MyNRH Portal and can be accessed by any CAC enabled computer as well as the R2S Application on mobile devices . You can access the site directly at the following link : https : / / private . navyreserve . navy . mil / Locker / NREL / Thanks March 1 , 2019 at 9 : 39 AM Thanks for new info Ellery ! I have build a new section called Berthing and NREL for these new links โฆ Thank you again ! Cheers from the African Road โฆ in Yaounde Cameroon ! Kb Carlos E . Chacon March 13 , 2019 at 2 : 17 PM Good morning Sir , The current link that you have for MRRS is not working . I am attaching the most up - to - date link . https : / / mrrs . dc3n . navy . mil / mrrs / process / login . m Thank you and have a great day . April 6 , 2019 at 5 : 08 AM Thanks for the update Carlos ! I have update the link . Cheers from the African road in Namibia now ! Kb Minh Nguyen March 19 , 2019 at 11 : 00 AM Aloha Kelly , Awesome job , and thank you for doing this . I have most of the websites that I go to bookmarked / favorited , but that only works if I am on the same computer as before , but that does n โ t really happens a lot . Can you please add the Navsea โ s Surgemain website ? https : / / navsea . navy . deps . mil / sites / NAVSEA_RPO / surgemain / SitePages / SMHome . aspx I have the link save in one of my email , which is how I have to do every time I need to go to it . You need to used the Authenticate ID April 6 , 2019 at 5 : 29 AM Aloha Minh ! I included the link under the new section of NAVSEA โฆ Hope this helps ! Cheers from the African road in Namibia now ! Kb This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed | [
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http://kellymom.com/ages/newborn/newborn-concerns/pacifier/ | Home โธ Ages & Stages โธ Newborn Common Newborn Concerns โธ What should I know about giving my breastfed baby a pacifier . . . What should I know about giving my breastfed baby a pacifier ? By Kelly Bonyata , BS , IBCLC When can I begin using a pacifier ? It is recommended that pacifiers and other types of artificial nipples be avoided for at least the first 3 - 4 weeks . I โ d personally suggest that most breastfed babies โ if they get a pacifier at all โ would be better off without a pacifier until mom โ s milk supply is well established ( 6 - 8 weeks , usually ) and the 6 week growth spurt is over . That way you โ ve established a good milk supply and do n โ t lose any much - needed breast stimulation to a pacifier . flickr CC ff137 What should I consider before using a pacifier ? After the early weeks , pacifier use is less likely to cause problems as long as you are aware of the following : Never substitute a pacifier for a feeding at the breast or try to hold the baby off longer between feedings with one . ( See Should baby be on a schedule ? There are studies that indicate that babies who take a pacifier tend to wean earlier than those who do not . This is most likely because as a baby gets older โ once he โ s established on solid food โ it is often his desire to suck that ensures he continues to seek out the breast often . Babies who use pacifiers are getting that need to suck met with something other than the breast , and therefore may decide to give up breastfeeding sooner than if they did not take a pacifier . Some babies who take pacifiers are more prone to oral yeast ( thrush ) which can be transferred to mom โ s nipples . A number of studies have shown a link between pacifier use and an increased incidence of ear infections Pacifiers can result in choking or strangulation if the pacifier breaks or if it is tied around the neck ( which it never should be ) . Follow all safety guidelines and keep an eye out for the many pacifier safety recalls . Also , keep in mind that latex allergy is becoming an increasing problem โ consider using a silicone pacifier rather than latex . Prolonged pacifier use can result in teeth misalignment , and can also occasionally lead to shaping of the soft palate or speech problems . Giving baby a pacifier will increase mom โ s chances of ovulating and getting pregnant . Exclusive breastfeeding , depending upon your breastfeeding frequency and other factors , is a method of birth control that can be more than 98 % effective during the first 6 months and 94 % effective during the second six months . Ensuring that all of baby โ s sucking needs are met at the breast increases the effectiveness of this method of contraception . When to avoid the pacifier If you observe any of the following problems , it would be a good idea to discontinue pacifier use , at least until the problem is resolved : Pacifier use reduces your baby โ s frequency or duration of feeds ( newborns should be nursing at least 8 to 12 times a day ) . Baby is having difficulties nursing well ( this may be due to nipple confusion ) . Baby is having problems with weight gain ( in which case baby needs to nurse as often as possible ) . Mom is having problems with sore nipples ( baby may be causing this due to nipple confusion Mom is having milk supply problems ( in which case she needs to put baby to breast , not pacifier , at every opportunity in order to increase milk supply ) . Mom and / or baby have thrush , particularly if it โ s hard to get rid of or repeated . Baby is having repeated ear infections ( an increased incidence of ear infections has been linked to pacifier use ) . Can pacifiers help prevent SIDS ? Have you heard that pacifier use might help to prevent SIDS ? Here โ s what the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding says about this in their February 2012 Policy Statement Given the documentation that early use of pacifiers may be associated with less successful breastfeeding , pacifier use in the neonatal period should be limited to specific medical situations . These include uses for pain relief , as a calming agent , or as part of structured program for enhancing oral motor function . Because pacifier use has been associated with a reduction in SIDS incidence , mothers of healthy term infants should be instructed to use pacifiers at infant nap or sleep time after breastfeeding is well established , at approximately 3 to 4 weeks of age . In conclusion โฆ As long as you keep the above in mind and only use a pacifier sparingly , it is up to you whether and when you wish to comfort baby yourself or with a pacifier . However , keep in mind that there is no scientific evidence that suggests that babies have a need to suck independant of the need for food . When a baby is indicating a sucking need , it โ s generally best that baby be encouraged to breastfeed , especially if there is a weight gain concern . The breast was the first pacifier and in most cases remains the best . Is your baby nursing all the time ? Pacifiers by Diane Wiessinger , MS , IBCLC Pacifiers : In or Out ? and Giving a pacifier to a breastfed baby by Dr . William and Martha Sears Top Ten Reasons for NOT Using a Pacifier by Linda J . Smith , IBCLC Perils of the Pacifier by Bruce A . Epstein , MD AAP Guide to Thumb Sucking and Pacifiers ( including safety guidelines ) Nipple Confusion from AskDrSears . com The Truth About โ Nipple Confusion โ by Paula Yount Introducing Bottles and Pacifiers to a Breastfed Baby by Anne Smith Dealing with Nipple Confusion from Breastfeeding and the Working Mother by Cecilia Mitchell Miller The Pitfalls of Supplementing a Breastfed Baby by Cheryl Taylor White Late Nipple Confusion by Carrie Ganz , from NEW BEGINNINGS , Vol . 16 No . 2 , March - April 1999 , p . 43 . Nursing Through Confusion by Olga April ( a mom โ s story ) Some Journal Articles on Pacifier Use and Breastfeeding Kair LR Kenron D Etheredge K Jaffe AC Phillipi CA . Pacifier Restriction and Exclusive Breastfeeding . Pediatrics . 2013 Apr ; 131 ( 4 ) . Howard CR , Howard FM , Lanphear B , Eberly S , deBlieck EA , Oakes D , Lawrence RA . Randomized clinical trial of pacifier use and bottle - feeding or cupfeeding and their effect on breastfeeding . Pediatrics . 2003 Mar ; 111 ( 3 ) : 511 - 8 . AM Vogel , BL Hutchison and EA Mitchell . The impact of pacifier use on breastfeeding : A prospective cohort study . J Paediatr Child Health 2001 ; Feb ; 37 ( 1 ) : 58 - 63 . Wojdan - Godek E , Mikiel - Kostyra K , Mazur J . Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding of infants in Poland . Med Wieku Rozwoj 2000 ; 4 ( 3 Suppl 1 ) : 15 - 24 . Aarts , C . , Hรถrnell , A . , Kylberg , E . , Hofvander , Y . , Gebre - Medhin , M . Breastfeeding Patterns in Relation to Thumb Sucking and Pacifier Use Pediatrics 1999 ; 104 : 50e . Cynthia R . Howard , Fred M . Howard , Bruce Lanphear , Elisabeth A . deBlieck , Shirley Eberly , and Ruth A . Lawrence . The Effects of Early Pacifier Use on Breastfeeding Duration Pediatrics 1999 ; 103 : e33 . Riva E , Banderali G , Agostoni C , Silano M , Radaelli G , Giovannini M . Factors associated with initiation and duration of breastfeeding in Italy Acta Paediatr . 1999 Apr ; 88 ( 4 ) : 411 - 5 . Hornell A , Aarts C , Kylberg E , Hofvander Y , Gebre - Medhin M . Breastfeeding patterns in exclusively breastfed infants : a longitudinal prospective study in Uppsala , Sweden . Acta Paediatr 1999 Feb ; 88 ( 2 ) : 203 - 11 . Righard L . Are breastfeeding problems related to incorrect breastfeeding technique and the use of pacifiers and bottles ? Birth 1998 Mar ; 25 ( 1 ) : 40 - 4 . Righard L , Alade MO . Breastfeeding and the use of pacifiers Birth 1997 Jun ; 24 ( 2 ) : 116 - 20 . Cesar Gomes Victora , Dominique Pareja Behague , Fernando Celso Barros , Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto , and Elizabeth Weiderpass . Pacifier Use and Short Breastfeeding Duration : Cause , Consequence , or Coincidence ? 1997 ; 99 : 445 - 453 . FC Barros , CG Victora , TC Semer , S Tonioli Filho , E Tomasi , and E Weiderpass . Use of pacifiers is associated with decreased breast - feeding duration 1995 ; 95 : 497 - 499 . Some Journal Articles on Pacifier Use in General Warren JJ , Levy SM , Kirchner HL , Nowak AJ , Bergus GR . Pacifier use and the occurrence of otitis media in the first year of life Pediatr Dent . 2001 Mar - Apr ; 23 ( 2 ) : 103 - 7 . Larsson E . Sucking , chewing , and feeding habits and the development of crossbite : a longitudinal study of girls from birth to 3 years of age Angle Orthod . 2001 Apr ; 71 ( 2 ) : 116 - 9 . Martinez Sanchez L , Diaz Gonzalez E , GarciaTornel Florensa S , Gaspa Marti J . Pacifier use . risks and benefits . An Esp Pediatr . 2000 ; 53 ( 6 ) : 580 - 5 . Marjo Niemelรค , Outi Pihakari , Tytti Pokka , Marja Uhari , and Matti Uhari . Pacifier as a Risk Factor for Acute Otitis Media : A Randomized , Controlled Trial of Parental Counseling 2000 ; 106 : 483 - 488 . A Finnish study on pacifiers has found that reduced pacifier use in children can decrease the incidence of acute otitis media , or ear infections . The study , published in the September issue of Pediatrics , the journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics , followed two groups of children under 18 months . In one group , pacifier use was decreased by 21 percent , while children in the second group used pacifiers continuously . The first group had a 29 percent lower incidence of acute otitis media than the Fleming , P . J , Blair , P . S , Pollard , K . , Platt , M . W . , Leach , C . , Smith , I . , Berry , P J , Golding , J . , the CESDI SUDI Research Team . Pacifier use and sudden infant death syndrome : results from the CESDI / SUDI case control study . Arch . Dis . Child . 1999 ; 81 : 112 - 116 . Kate North , Peter Fleming , Jean Golding , and the ALSPAC Study Team . Pacifier Use and Morbidity in the First Six Months of Life 1999 ; 103 : e34 . Ollila P , Niemela M , Uhari M , Larmas M . Prolonged pacifier - sucking and use of a nursing bottle at night : possible risk factors for dental caries in children Acta Odontol Scand 1998 Aug ; 56 ( 4 ) : 233 - 7 . Jackson JM , Mourino AP . Pacifier use and otitis media in infants twelve months of age or younger Pediatr Dent . 1999 Jul - Aug ; 21 ( 4 ) : 255 - 60 . Uhari M , Mantysaari K , Niemela M . A meta - analytic review of the risk factors for acute otitis media Clin Infect Dis 1996 Jun ; 22 ( 6 ) : 1079 - 83 . M Niemela , M Uhari , and M Mottonen . A pacifier increases the risk of recurrent acute otitis media in children in day care centers 1995 ; 96 : 884 - 888 . Darwazeh AM , al - Bashir A . Oral candidal flora in healthy infants . J Oral Pathol Med 1995 Sep ; 24 ( 8 ) : 361 - 4 . | [
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http://kellymom.com/hot-topics/low-supply/ | Home โธ Hot Topics โธ Increasing Low Milk Supply Increasing Low Milk Supply By Kelly Bonyata , BS , IBCLC Image credit : koadmunkee on flickr Is your milk supply really low ? First of all , is your milk supply really low ? Often , mothers think that their milk supply is low when it really is n โ t . If your baby is gaining weight well on breastmilk alone , then you do not have a problem with milk supply . It โ s important to note that the feel of the breast , the behavior of your baby , the frequency of nursing , the sensation of let - down , or the amount you pump are not valid ways to determine if you have enough milk for your baby . What if you โ re not quite sure about baby โ s current weight gain ( perhaps baby has n โ t had a weight check lately ) ? If baby is having an adequate number of wet and dirty diapers then the following things do NOT mean that you have a low milk supply : Your baby nurses frequently . Breastmilk is digested quickly ( usually in 1.5 - 2 hours ) , so breastfed babies need to eat more often than formula - fed babies . Many babies have a strong need to suck . Also , babies often need continuous contact with mom in order to feel secure . All these things are normal , and you can not spoil your baby by meeting these needs . Your baby suddenly increases the frequency and / or length of nursings . This is often a growth spurt . The baby nurses more ( this usually lasts a few days to a week ) , which increases your milk supply . Do n โ t offer baby supplements when this happens : supplementing will inform your body that the baby does n โ t need the extra milk , and your supply will drop . Your baby nurses more often and is fussy in the evening Your baby does n โ t nurse as long as she did previously . As babies get older and better at nursing , they become more efficient at extracting milk . Your baby is fussy . Many babies have a fussy time of day โ often in the evening . Some babies are fussy much of the time . This can have many reasons , and sometimes the fussiness goes away before you find the reason . Your baby guzzles down a bottle of formula or expressed milk after nursing . Many babies will willingly take a bottle even after they have a full feeding at the breast . Read more here from board - certified lactation consultant Kathy Kuhn about why baby may do this and how this can affect milk supply . Of course , if you regularly supplement baby after nursing , your milk supply will drop ( see below ) . Your breasts do n โ t leak milk , or only leak a little , or stop leaking . Leaking has nothing to do with your milk supply . It often stops after your milk supply has adjusted to your baby โ s needs . Your breasts suddenly seem softer . Again , this normally happens after your milk supply has adjusted to your baby โ s needs . You never feel a let - down sensation , or it does n โ t seem as strong as before . Some women never feel a let - down . This has nothing to do with milk supply . You get very little or no milk when you pump . The amount of milk that you can pump is not an accurate measure of your milk supply . A baby with a healthy suck milks your breast much more efficiently than any pump . Also , pumping is an acquired skill ( different than nursing ) , and can be very dependent on the type of pump . Some women who have abundant milk supplies are unable to get any milk when they pump . In addition , it is very common and normal for pumping output to decrease over time See also Is my baby getting enough milk ? Who to contact if you suspect low milk supply If you โ re concerned about your milk supply , it will be very helpful to get in touch with a trained breastfeeding counselor or a board certified lactation consultant . If your baby is not gaining weight or is losing weight , you need to keep in close contact with her doctor , since it โ s possible that a medical condition can cause this . Supplementing may be medically necessary for babies who are losing weight until your milk supply increases . If supplementing is medically necessary , the best thing to supplement your baby with is your own pumped milk . Potential causes of low milk supply These things can cause or contribute to a low milk supply : Supplementing . Nursing is a supply & demand process . Milk is produced as your baby nurses , and the amount that she nurses lets your body know how much milk is required . Every bottle ( of formula , juice or water ) that your baby gets means that your body gets the signal to produce that much less milk . Bottle preference . A bottle requires a different type of sucking than nursing , and it is easier for your baby to extract milk from a bottle . As a result , giving a bottle can either cause your baby to have problems sucking properly at the breast , or can result in baby preferring the constant faster flow of the bottle . Pacifiers . Pacifiers can affect baby โ s latch . They can also significantly reduce the amount of time your baby spends at the breast , which may cause your milk supply to drop . Nipple shields can be a useful tool in some cases , but they can also reduce the stimulation to your nipple or interfere with milk transfer , which can interfere with the supply - demand cycle . Scheduled feedings interfere with the supply & demand cycle of milk production and can lead to a reduced supply , sometimes several months later rather than immediately . Nurse your baby whenever she is hungry . Sleepy baby . For the first few weeks , some babies are very sleepy and only ask to nurse infrequently and for short periods . Until baby wakes up and begins to breastfeed well , nurse baby at least every two hours during the day and at least every 4 hours at night to establish your milk supply . Cutting short the length of nursings . Stopping a feeding before your baby ends the feeding herself can interfere with the supply - demand cycle . Also , your milk increases in fat content later into a feeding , which helps baby gain weight and last longer between feedings . Offering only one breast per feeding . This is fine if your milk supply is well - established and your baby is gaining weight well . If you โ re trying to increase your milk supply , let baby finish the first side , then offer the second side . Health or anatomical problems with baby ( including , jaundice tongue - tie , etc . ) can prevent baby from removing milk adequately from the breast , thus decreasing milk supply . Mom โ s health ( uncontrolled anemia or hypothyroidism , retained placenta , postpartum hemorrhage โฆ ) , previous breast surgery / injury , hormonal problems ( e.g . PCOS ) , anatomical problems , medications she is taking ( hormonal birth control sudafed โฆ ) , or smoking also have the potential to affect milk supply . Increasing your milk supply Milk production is a demand & supply process . If you need to increase milk supply , it โ s important to understand how milk is made โ understanding this will help you to do the right things to increase production . To speed milk production and increase overall milk supply , the key is to remove more milk from the breast and to do this frequently , so that less milk accumulates in the breast between feedings . OK , now on to things that can help increase your milk supply : Make sure that baby is nursing efficiently . This is the โ remove more milk โ part of increasing milk production . If milk is not effectively removed from the breast , then mom โ s milk supply decreases . If positioning and latch are โ off โ then baby is probably not transferring milk efficiently . A sleepy baby , use of nipple shields or various health or anatomical problems in baby can also interfere with baby โ s ability to transfer milk . For a baby who is not nursing efficiently , trying to adequately empty milk from Nurse frequently , and for as long as your baby is actively nursing . Remember โ you want to remove more milk from the breasts and do this frequently . If baby is having weight gain problems , aim to nurse at least every 1.5 - 2 hours during the day and at least every 3 hours at night . Take a nursing vacation . Take baby to bed with you for 2 - 3 days , and do nothing but nurse ( frequently ! ) and rest ( well , you can eat too ! ) . Offer both sides at each feeding . Let baby finish the first side , then offer the second side . Switch nurse . Switch sides 3 or more times during each feeding , every time that baby falls asleep , switches to โ comfort โ sucking , or loses interest . Use each side at least twice per feeding . Use breast compression to keep baby feeding longer . For good instructions on how to do this , see Dr . Jack Newman โ s Protocol to manage breastmilk intake . This can be particularly helpful for sleepy or distractible babies . Avoid pacifiers and bottles when possible . All of baby โ s sucking needs should be met at the breast ( see above ) . If a temporary supplement is medically required , it can be given with a nursing supplementer or by spoon , cup or dropper ( see Alternative Feeding Methods ) . Give baby only breastmilk . Avoid all solids , water , and formula if baby is younger than six months , and consider decreasing solids if baby is older . If you are using more than a few ounces of formula per day , wean from the supplements gradually to โ challenge โ your breasts to produce more milk . Take care of mom . Rest . Sleep when baby sleeps . Relax . Drink liquids to thirst ( do n โ t force liquids โ drinking extra water does not increase supply ) , and eat a reasonably well - balanced diet Consider pumping . Adding pumping sessions after or between nursing sessions can be very helpful โ pumping is very important when baby is not nursing efficiently or frequently enough , and can speed things up in all situations . Your aim in pumping is to remove more milk from the breasts and / or to increase frequency of breast emptying . When pumping to increase milk supply , to ensure that the pump removes an optimum amount of milk from the breast , keep pumping for 2 - 5 minutes after the last drops of milk . However , adding even a short pumping session ( increasing frequency but perhaps not removing milk thoroughly ) is helpful . Consider a galactagogue . A substance ( herb , prescription medication , etc . ) that increases milk supply is called a galactagogue . See What is a galactagogue ? Do I need one ? for more information . Additional information How does milk production work ? My breasts feel empty ! Has my milk supply decreased ? How might I increase baby โ s weight gain ? Protocol to Manage Breastmilk Intake by Jack Newman , MD Weaning from formula supplements Prescription drugs used for increasing milk supply @ other websites How can I increase my milk supply ? by Becky Flora , IBCLC Hidden Hindrances to a Healthy Milk Supply by Becky Flora , IBCLC Increasing Your Milk Supply by Anne Smith , IBCLC The First Six Weeks : Milk Supply by Paula Yount | [
"Increasing Low Milk Supply",
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http://kellymom.com/nutrition/vitamins/vitamin-d-and-breastfeeding/ | Home โธ Nutrition โธ Vitamins / Supplements โธ Vitamin D and Breastfeeding : An interview with Bruce Hollis , . . . Vitamin D and Breastfeeding : An interview with Bruce Hollis , PhD Dr . Bruce Hollis is the lead author of a 2015 study that concluded that supplementing the mothers of exclusively breastfed babies with 6400 IU vitamin D per day is a safe and effective alternative to directly supplementing babies with 400 IU vitamin D per day . When Theralogix , one of our sponsors , told us Dr . Hollis is on their advisory board , I asked if he would be interested in doing an interview to discuss vitamin D and breastfeeding . I hope you find his information useful ! Why is vitamin D important for infants ? Vitamin D is absolutely critical to the human infant in order to maintain skeletal integrity . Recent research also tells us that vitamin D is key in the maintenance of our immune systems regulating both infection and inflammatory pathways . What are the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP ) about vitamin D ? Do other countries have similar recommendations ? The AAP recommends that all children ( birth through adolescence ) receive 400 IU vitamin D per day . Canada has similar recommendations ( with greater amounts recommended in winter for those in more northern regions ) . Vitamin D recommendations in European countries vary . How much vitamin D does breastmilk usually contain ? Why ? Human breastmilk is a very poor source of vitamin D , usually containing less than 50 IU per quart . This is why the AAP recommends all breastfed infants receive 400 IU per day vitamin D by supplement drops . This IS NOT A DEFECT IN BREAST MILK but a defect in the recommended amount of vitamin D the lactating mom should be taking . If a mom takes 6400 IU per day , she will supply her nursing infant with plenty of vitamin D thru her milk and will not need to give her infant drops . Are there problems with using vitamin D drops to supplement baby ? There is no problem with the drops per se , only that they are inconvenient and mothers oftentimes just do n โ t give them . In our hands , only about 15 % of moms adhere to these recommendations . Worse , some moms are never told to give them by their pediatrician , which we would consider malpractice given the problems that can arise by not doing so . Are all mothers and babies at risk for vitamin D deficiency ? What are the risk factors ? Practically everyone is at risk for vitamin D deficiency with , ironically , only formula - fed infants being safe . This is because infant formula contains 400 IU per quart vitamin D . Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include limited exposure to sunlight ( due to far northern latitudes , urban areas with tall buildings and / or air pollution that block the sun , limited time outdoors , etc . ) and darker skin pigmentation ( which requires more sun exposure to generate an adequate amount of vitamin D ) . Is it possible to get enough vitamin D through sun exposure , without adding a supplement ? Yes , though it is harder to get enough exposure in the winter , during any season in far northern areas , or if you have darker skin pigmentation . Vitamin D deficiency is relatively common even in sunny climates like the southern United States . Tanning in a tanning booth on a regular basis would probably give you adequate vitamin D levels ( but this comes with its own health risks ) . Most find that taking a supplement is simpler . Is there a specific test or tests that should be requested if a mother is concerned about her or her baby โ s vitamin D levels ? Vitamin D3 is the type of vitamin D our bodies generate when our skin is exposed to UVB rays from the sun , and is the supplement generally recommended ( vitamin D2 is sometimes used , also ) . Vitamin D ( whether taken in the diet or generated in the skin ) is transformed within the body to its active form , 25 - hydroxyvitamin D ( 25 ( OH ) D ) . 25 ( OH ) D is easier to measure , and this is what is generally measured in lab tests for vitamin D . To test for deficiency , anyone can have their blood levels of 25 ( OH ) D checked . However , testing can get expensive , and if one takes the amount of vitamin D we are recommending a deficiency would be non - existent . If you would like to check your vitamin D levels , you can request the test from your health care provider or use a blood spot home test kit ( for example , the Vitamin D Council has a good home test kit ) . What is considered a โ normal โ level of 25 ( OH ) D in the blood ? This varies depending on who you ask . The Institute of Medicine considers 20 - 30 ng / ml to be adequate for most of the population . The Endocrine Society suggests that 30 - 100 ng / ml will result in a vitamin D sufficiency . The Vitamin D Council suggests 40 - 80 ng / ml as a sufficient vitamin D level . Based upon my experience and research , I personally feel that 50 - 70 ng / ml should be considered a normal level of 25 ( OH ) D in the blood . Note : Vitamin D amounts and 25 ( OH ) D levels in blood are reported with several different units of measure , so the numbers can get confusing . We use ng / ml here for blood levels , but another common unit of measure is nmol / l . To convert , 1 nmol / l = 2.5 ng / ml . So โฆ 20 ng / ml = 50 nmol / l 30 ng / ml = 75 nmol / l Other measurements commonly used : 1 ฮผg = 2.5 nmol 2.5 ฮผg = 6.25 nmol = 100 IU 10 ฮผg = 25 nmol = 400 IU If a breastfeeding mother knows that her vitamin D blood level is โ normal โ does that mean her milk will contain enough vitamin D ? NO ! The 25 ( OH ) D in your blood is not a good reflection of the amount of vitamin D that is available to pass into breastmilk . They are two different compounds . Since Vitamin D ( rather than the active metabolite 25 ( OH ) D ) is the form that passes into a mother โ s milk , the only sure way to know it is there is to take it every day . Tell us about your vitamin D study . How long ago did you start the NIH - funded study ? The grant project began in July of 2006 and concluded in 2014 . How was the study conducted ? It was a double - blinded randomized controlled trial that was conducted at two medical centers , The Medical University of South Carolina and the University of Rochester in Rochester , NY . What were the findings ? The findings , published in October 2015 , can be read in detail in the journal Pediatrics ( the official journal of The AAP ) . Simply , what we found was that infants achieved the same blood level of 25 ( OH ) D whether they received vitamin D directly as drops ( 400 IU per day ) or via breastfeeding from mothers receiving 6,400 IU per day vitamin D โ a quite remarkable finding , indeed . Are your findings applicable to mothers & babies worldwide ? These findings would be universal to all lactating mothers worldwide . The Institute of Medicine has set the โ upper limit โ of recommended intake at 4000 IU . Is it safe for an adult to take 6400 IU ? The IOM setting a limit of 4,000 IU per day was subjective and not based on any trials . The Endocrine Society guidelines state that 10,000 IU per day is safe . In my own experience with our trial and several other trials in which I have been involved ( involving tens of thousands of patients ) , not a SINGLE adverse event has been observed due to vitamin D intake . I personally take 6,000 IU per day and have for years , and my daughter just had a child and is taking 10,000 IU per day while lactating Does an adult taking 6400 IU per day need to have vitamin D levels monitored ? Not unless you like to waste your money . Is it possible for a baby to get too much vitamin D through breast milk ? I suppose it is possible , if the mother is consuming 100,000 IU per day or more . If a woman starts to supplement with formula or solid food , should she reduce her vitamin D dose ? I recommend everyone take at least 5,000 IU per day for disease prevention , so I would suggest that mothers continue taking 6400 IU per day throughout lactation . Are there any medical conditions that might interfere with vitamin D transfer into milk ? Some conditions can interfere with your own absorption of vitamin D ( e.g. , obesity , fat malabsorption issues , certain medications , or other issues could mean that you need to supplement with greater amounts of vitamin D to achieve sufficient levels in your blood ) , but these should not interfere with the transfer of vitamin D from your blood into breastmilk . Do you have any suggestions for discussing a vitamin D supplementation plan with the mother โ s and baby โ s health care providers ? Find an open - minded health care provider who is not totally wedded to what they were taught in medical school or who blindly follows what a given organization such as the AAP recommends . If yours is not , and will not listen to you if you present them with facts , find a different one . Do you have anything else to add that could be useful for our readers ? Again , be educated and present your doctor with ideas โ if they are resistant or arrogant , move on . I have seen many cases where a pediatrician failed to even inform the mother that she needed to give a vitamin D supplement to her breastfeeding infant . Subsequently , the infant developed fractures ( due to vitamin D deficiency ) and the parents were charged with child abuse . I receive a case a month involving this type of scenario . If these pediatricians were charged with medical malpractice , this type of scenario would soon end . The following videos are quite good . Dr . Michael Greger has read the recent literature and condensed it into a set of 4 - minute videos for the general public : Will You Live Longer if You Take Vitamin D Supplements ? by Michael Greger , MD How much vitamin D should you take ? by Michael Greger , MD The Optimal Dose of Vitamin D Based on Natural Levels The Best Way to Get Vitamin D : Sun , Supplements , or Salons ? Arabic translation of this article ( posted as a series of images on Facebook ) . Thanks to Furat Kreishan for the translation . Bruce W . Hollis , PhD is Professor of Pediatrics , Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Director of Pediatric Nutritional Science at The Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC . Dr . Hollis did his undergraduate training at The Ohio State University and received his PhD in Nutritional Biochemistry from The University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada . Dr . Hollis did postgraduate training at Case Western Reserve University Medical School . Dr . Hollis โ s research has always focused on Women โ s and Children โ s Heath . He has published in excess of 300 peer reviewed | [
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http://kellymom.com/tandem-faq/03bfcontractions/ | Home โธ BF FAQ : Tandem โธ The nature of breastfeeding contractions The nature of breastfeeding contractions Excerpted with permission from Adventures in Tandem Nursing : Breastfeeding During Pregnancy and Beyond by Hilary Flower The hormone oxytocin is often considered to be at the crux of any potential connection between breastfeeding and adverse pregnancy outcomes . When a child suckles , oxytocin is released . Oxytocin is the chemical messenger which causes breast tissue to contract , causing the โ let - down โ effect which results in milk flow . Through the release of oxytocin and prostaglandin , breastfeeding also stimulates the uterus to contract . What effect might these breastfeeding - induced contractions have during pregnancy ? We do know that mild contractions ( known as Braxton - Hicks ) are a normal part of pregnancy , and usually breastfeeding contractions are mild during pregnancy . One physician notes that clinical observation shows that breastfeeding contractions do not produce dilation of the cervix . Accordingly , in the Moscona survey of 57 mothers breastfeeding during pregnancy , only four women ( seven percent ) recalled contractions related to breastfeeding at all . The four women who did notice contractions described a broad range of strength from mild to intense , and none had an adverse effect on the outcome of pregnancy . In keeping with Moscona โ s findings , a few of my 200 contributors described strong โ nursing contractions , โ and none resulted in early labor . One mother wrote : I felt contractions very strongly during my second pregnancy , some so strong that I was afraid of their intensity and ended the nursing session . Some of them were definitely more painful than Braxton - Hicks contractions . I always just called them โ nursing contractions โ to distinguish them from the so - called โ painless โ Braxton - Hicks . In every case where I was concerned about the number , duration , or intensity , I was reassured to find that the contractions stopped within about 10 - 15 minutes of when the nursing session ended โ Amanda , Massachusetts The overall lack of noticeable contractions during breastfeeding sessions in pregnancy ( even among mothers who did feel Braxton - Hicks contractions ) may have a simple explanation . Nipple stimulation during pregnancy causes less oxytocin to be released compared with the same amount of nipple stimulation in non - pregnant women . Some fears of breastfeeding during pregnancy may arise in part from an exaggerated idea of the amount of oxytocin released during breastfeeding in pregnant women . โฆ from Chapter 12 : Health Concerns Read other excerpts from this book Updated on January 1 , 2018 Filed Under : BF FAQ : Tandem | [
"breastfeeding contractions",
"hormone oxytocin",
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http://kemela.com/ | kemela has on demonstation a very wide range of speakers one of the largest selections of KEF speakers in the South East turntables and home audio equipment for you to audition without obligation in our two realsizedsounding showrooms We are by appointment and you will need to call in advance to set up an audition so you can have oneon one time without waiting and we can make sure we have gear warmed up and ready Many times we can accomodate you the same day but out of state visitors definitely must call in advance You might be new to high fidelity home audio and looking for a great first turntable an experienced music listener wanting an impactful upgrade or wanting to add digital streaming and network audio technologies to your existing system We offer not only award winning products at many price levels but also the technical support and responsive after sales service so you can keep enjoying your music Auditions are typically 90120 mins and are conducted in a nonpressure manner For more information about kemela click the About Us link above kemela was established in 2001 News Blog and Facebook Link May 17th 2018 Exciting New Products 1 Simaudios 390 PreampDACStreamer covers what you need to play music in todays environment Add Simaudios excellent 330A 120 watt stereo power amp for a complete two box system with MMMC phonostage unbalanced and balanced analog inputs all the usual audio digital inputs including AESEBU balanced HDMI video digital IO dual ethernet and Bluetooth Streaming services include Tidal with Tidal Masters support Deezer with Deezer HiFi support Qobuz with Qobuz Sublime support and TuneIn Internet radio MQA ROON ready and Multiroom synchronized playback is engineered in and will be activated with firmware update once the partner certification process is completed Dual WiFi antennas are provided for a stronger wireless connnection and you can even stream vinyl replay from one room to another Combining the Simaudio 390 with 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Melco supporter and we have a lot of experience with this product line Updated Streaming and Network Audio examples page July 25th 2017 Primare AV components Summer Promotion Primares SP33 4KVM Audiophile balanced AV processor and SP23 4KVM Integrated AV amplifier are available for a limited time at special pricing They have been reduced from 5995 to 3295 and 3495 respectively The SP33 and 150 watt x 7 channel A307 power amplifier is also available for a very special combo price of 9490 5995 Primare embraces the concept of upgradeability and the 4K UHD video module in these units is also available for previous models to bring them up to 4K TV standard Primare maintains a presence in the home theater market with third and forth generation principal components fousing on excellent sound quality and AV performance to their 2channel audio customers accustomed to the high quality sound this leading Swedish company has provided over the decades Check out Primares AV components here February 9th 2017 Superb compact components from Simaudio Simaudios Moon Neo 230HAD H eadphone A mplfier D ac with Preamp continues to get two thumbs up in media reviews and is enjoying strong sales Read the reviews and awards here Two new components streamer and phonostage have just been added to the compact range Simaudios new MiND streamer significantly raises performance over the highly regarded 180 MiND streamer adding Bluetooth remote control and high spec internal power supply Streaming services include TIDAL Deezer Qobuz VTuner and Tunein TIDAL does indeed deliver CD quality sound with MiND streaming and even radio stations streaming in low bit rates are quite listenable A lownoise power supply and other component upgrades have improved the sound of the new 310LP phono stage improving fidelity across all frequencies deeper bass more open midrange and airy treble all over a blacker background Check out the Moon by Simuaudio Neo range here November 11th 2016 HiFi to compliment your home Looking for something better than the usual catalog speaker stands Welldesigned stands will set off your speakers and let them blend in with your decor kemela is pleased to offer superbly fabricated stands from custom design Many unique and eyecatching designs are available in a variety of finishes and heights with engineering features that improve the sound of your loudspeakers by absorbing cabinet resonance Custom stands especially made for kemela customer October 26th 2016 Wireworlds CAT8 ethernet cable Four reasons this is an essential cable for ethernet streaming source components Metal plug with durable metal retainer Noticeable sound improvement Very fair price for sound improvement Metal retainer no more broken plastic prongs we all have those Wireworld can be justifiably proud of their ground breaking Tite Shield technology patent pending which meets the requirements for the next generation of 40 Giga bits per second transmission speeds Ethernet data transmission is more robust than USB which limits cable lengths to 5m but the crosstalk effect between conductors which needed to be solved to achieve such high data rates also affects data rates used in audio streaming By eliminating the timing errors that introduce skew Wireworlds Starlight Category 8 ethernet cable will enable even modest Streamers to better resolve the subtle sonic information that our ears use for the perception of separation and spatial details in a fully resolved sound stage Highly recommended 210 for 1m length October 15th 2016 LS50 Wireless To celebrate 55 years KEF announces the imminent arrival of the LS50 Wireless speaker A sophisticated design it combines 30 watt class AB amplification driving the tweeter and 200 watt class D amplification driving the bass sections of the UniQ coaxial driver four 24bit192kHz DACs switched mode power supplies and Digital Signal Processing DSP to preserve signal waveform and allow for loudpseaker positioning adjustment The highly versatile selection of inputs bluetooth wireless analog RCA Toslink and asynchronous USB means theres no problem getting music into these loudspeakers Theres a nifty control app and a subwoofer output for extra bass extension The choice of three striking colors works suprisingly well with a number of September 20th 2016 AllinOne to compete with separates Simaudios Neo ACE allinone unit is an integrated amplifier with built in DAC streamer and phono stage There is also a headphone socket There is no shortage of 5star reviews which include comments like a sublime performer the MiND controller app works like a dream its fair to say we were rather taken by the Moon ACE a seriously accomplished allinone system and one that comes highly recommended something of a game changer for audiogets our highest recommendation Noticeably absent from the reviews were any consdownsides Moons experienced design team have come up with another leading product Book your audition now they are More details May 25th 2016 Whats your style KEF 900s in gloss white rock in this kemela customers Atlanta loft Investing in a top performance pair of speakers will enhance your TV viewing and music enjoyment and is a perfect solution for young professionals on the move where multichannel systems are less practical or too expensive There are speakers to compliment all styles of decor and to set the mood for many different kinds of social activities Ending soon is KEFs Memorial day home theater package specials for those ready for a highlyrated multichannel system May 12th 2016 Lower Prices for Primare By working more closely with Primare of Sweden the new distributors have made significant price reductions particularly on the reference level 60 series More details April 28th 2016 Melco N1ZH Melco launches higher performance 6TB music libraryserver to follow on from the highly sucessful N1A model More details April 2nd 2016 Moon by Simaudio kemela is pleased to now represent highly respected Canadian company Simaudio in Georgia Simaudio has an exceptionally well thoughtout range of electronics and has embraced streaming service technology such as Tidal Moon by Simaudio February 2nd 2016 Cyrus Phono Signature When a small company like Cyrus Audio invests precious time and resources into developing a new high performance phono stage can there be any doubt that the resurgence in vinyl records has some staying power Unique features include separate configurable input settings for 4 turntables using remote control that not only makes setting up a new cartridge very easy but also allows for some fine tonal adjustment for the vinyl records that need it FCC approved US voltage version available now 2299 Brands we carry KEF LS50 Wireless Simaudio Neo ACE AVID DIVA SP II Cyrus CDi kemela 20032018 Privacy Terms of Use About Us Contact Us Speakers KEF Wharfedale Rega Spendor Quad Wilson Benesch Amplifiers Preamplifiers Chord Electronics Moon by Simaudio Rega Primare Quad Cyrus Audio Turntables Tonearms AVID Merrill Williams Rega Wilson Benesch Ortofon Cartridges Ortofon Rega Phonostages AVID Moon by Simaudio Rega Primare Quad Cyrus Audio CD players Chord Electronics Moon by Simaudio Rega Primare Quad Cyrus Audio DACs Chord Electronics Moon by Simaudio Rega Primare Quad Streamers Chord Electronics Moon by Simaudio Primare Melco Cyrus Audio KEF beyerdynamic Headphone Amplifiers Moon by Simaudio Rega Quad ChordElectronics beyerdynamic Cables Chord Company Straight Wire Wireworld vandenHul Isotek Chang Lightspeed Furniture Plateau Quadraspire Room Treatments Vicoustic | [
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http://kencraft.com/wholesale/ | Find Us Address 303 Fifth Ave Suite 2006 New York NY 10016 Tel 2126868695 Fax 2126843485 Email saleskencraftcom Hours MondayFriday 900AM530PM Brands Collections New Arrivals PDF Catalogs_ call for password Show Schedule About Us | [
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http://kenmare.postalcodez.co.za/postalcode/gp/west-rand/krugersdorp/kenmare | KENMARE Postal Code ( GP ) Kenmare is a suburb of West Rand , Gauteng with a postal code . It is about 28 kms south - southeast of GP ' s capital city of Johannesburg . Location / Code Province : Location : Kenmare Street Code : 1739 Box Code : 1745 Area : Krugersdorp Municipality : West Rand Province : Gauteng GP Capital City : Johannesburg Country : South Africa + โ Leaflet | ยฉ OpenStreetMap contributors Locations near Kenmare GP Breaunanda Coronation Park Factoria Lewisham Luipaardsvlei Mindalore Mindalore North Monument Noordheuwel Rangeview Roodekrans Silverfields Silverfields Park Wentworth Park Qpzm Postal codes Gauteng Suburb of the Day Kwenele Uit 2 - > Ekurhuleni - > Gauteng | [
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http://kennesawbarbershop.com/ | Four generations of barbers and craftsmen Contact Us 3903 Jiles Road 102 Kennesaw GA 30144 770 4246877 | [
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http://kennethwoods.net/blog1/2012/03/15/explore-the-score-shostakovich-symphony-no-5-in-d-minor/ | Explore the Score : Shostakovich - Symphony no . 5 in D minor By Kenneth Woods Mar 15 , 2012 27 comments Explore the Score bridgewater hall Explore the Score kenneth woods Mravinksy shostakovich Temirkanov Welcome to a special edition of Explore the Score . I โ ve told friends for years that some day I wanted to write a book about Shostakovich 5 . Here โ s the short version . Dmitri Shostakovich - Symphony no . 5 in D minor opus 47 Genesis Leningrad as seen by photographer Alexey Titarenko Shostakovich โ s Fifth Symphony would , at first glance , seem , on purely musical grounds , to be a most unlikely work to have become possibly the most hotly debated and discussed piece of classical music written in the 20 th c . . Nonetheless , in the three quarters of a century since it was composed , it has never failed to divide opinion or inspire debate . It remains one of the few pieces of music that can still incite angry exchanges among performers or musicologists who have come to sharply divided conclusions about its importance , its originality and whether it ends in โ triumph โ or โ forced rejoicing , โ or , to put it simply , whether it has a happy or sad ending . The piece was conceived under the most intense spotlight imaginable . Josef Stalin โ s public denunciation of Shostakovich โ s opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk in the essay โ Muddle instead of Music โ published in Pravda on the 28 th of January , 1936 had effectively turned Shostakovich into a strange combination of a non - person and โ musical public enemy number one . โ Shostakovich โ s denunciation could not have come at a worse time - it was the very peak of the Stalinist Terror , and Shostakovich knew as soon as he saw the editorial that the lives of both he and his family were in grave danger . Artistically , this blow came at a terrible moment for the coposer . A former wunderkind who had become instantly world - famous when he published his Shostakovich before the publication of โ Muddle instead of Music โ by Joseph Stalin A starkly tragic masterpiece , Shostakovich โ s Fourth Symphony was one of his most ambitious and innovative works . It shows him breaking radical new ground as a post - Mahlerian symphonist , and so it is no surprise that friends and colleagues implored Shostakovich to withdraw the work before its scheduled premiere after Stalin โ s rejection of Lady MacBeth . Its dark message and comparatively modern language would have , in all likelihood , sealed Shostakovich โ s fate with the authorities . Canceling its premiere was one of the most painful decisions of Shostakovich โ s Shostakovich after the publication of โ Muddle instead of Music โ by Joseph Stalin Shortly after the Pravda article was published , Shostakovich was summoned to a meeting with Stalin โ s emissary , Platon Kerzhentsev . Shostakovich was asked whether he โ fully accepted the criticism of his work โ in the Pravda articles . Shostakovich โ s answer , according to Kerzhentsev was that โ he accepts most of it , but he has not fully comprehended it all . โ Shostakovich โ s vague answer had been carefully calculated , but was a huge risk - had he fully accepted all the criticisms , his future music would have been judged Under the circumstances , Shostakovich could have been forgiven for avoiding the most public of instrumental genres , the symphony , until the climate had improved . In fact , he would later do exactly that - in the late 1940 โ s when the premiere of his Ninth Symphony led to another public shaming by the authorities , he chose to wait until after the death of Joseph Stalin four years later to complete his Tenth Symphony , even though parts of it were sketched many years earlier . Stalin after Shostakovich finished with him Reception However , in spite of the danger of further provoking the Party , Shostakovich quickly began work on the Fifth , completing the score in July 1937 . The work โ s premiere by the St Petersburg ( then the Leningrad ) Philharmonic under its music director , Yevgeny Mravinsky , was an occasion of incredible expectation and almost unimaginable anxiety . The impact of the work on its first audience is hard to overstate - many listeners wept openly during the elegiac slow movement . At the end of the performance , the audience burst into an ovation so Shostakovich โ s public statements were a vital tool in his life - long cat and mouse game with the authorities . As a result , one should always read anything he wrote or said about his music with great scepticism - his audience was the Party , not posterity . Shortly after the premiere , Shostakovich published a short , highly opaque essay called โ My Creative Response , โ from which comes the Fifth โ s epigraph โ A Soviet artist โ s practical , creative reply to just criticism . โ This title and the work โ Early critical reaction unanimously recognized the deeply tragic mood of the first three movements . One writers noted that โ the emotional tension is at the limit : another step โ and everything will burst into a physiological howl . โ Another said , โ The passion of suffering in several places is brought to a naturalistic screaming and howling . In some episodes , the music can elicit an almost physical sense of pain . โ Given the later - day controversy about the meaning of the Symphony โ s Finale , it is worth noting that the writer First movement - Moderato It seems there is a tradition in the best fifth symphonies from Beethoven to Mahler to begin with a shocking , dramatic gesture . The almost physical impact of the beginning of Shostakovich โ s Fifth slightly belies how restrained he is in using the orchestra in the Symphony โ s opening paragraphs . As in his Eighth and Tenth symphonies , he begins using only the strings , gradually introducing the bassoons flutes , oboes and clarinets , and finally , the brass and percussion . In the late 1970 โ s , the publication of Solomon Volkov โ s โ Testimony - The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich โ brought on heated debate in the West over the official programme of the Fifth . A mirror - image programme , no doubt closer to the truth but still far too one - dimensional , was suggested : that the work was a protest against the Stalinist Terror . In the ensuing decades of often maddeningly reductionist debate , it has been easy to overlook evidence that the work has several programmes . The first of these Soaring and tender in its first incarnation in the violins , and more pained when r epeated by the violas , playing in an intentionally cruel register , it is a variation of the work โ s opening theme , but also a quote from the Habanera ( โ L โ amour , l โ amour โ ) of Bizet โ s Carmen Why Carmen ? In 1934 - 5 Shostakovich had fallen in love with Elena Konstantinovskya . She had ultimately rejected him , and married a man named Roman Carmen . As with his symphonic idol , Mahler , Shostakovich understood that a symphony could carry a variety of messages and express a range of programmes , from the most public to the most private . This first movement of the Fifth marks an important turning point in his development , wherein he defines and perfects his own , very personal reworking of traditional Sonata form . By reversing the order of themes in the recapitulation , he creates a vast arch form , building in intensity to a climax of apocalyptic intensity , finally disintegrating into tragic resignation . The restraint with which the movement begins and ends is matched by the near hysterical abandon of the movement โ s climax . Shostakovich uses tempo to intensify this arch shape , beginning the symphony very slowly , gradually speeding up through the development and then winding down to end at very nearly the same speed as the opening . This design was based to a large extent on the first movement of Tchaikovsky โ s Pathetique Symphony , and Shostakovich would use it again in the 7 , 8 and 10 symphonies . Second Movement - Allegretto The second movement , a rather gruff Lรคndler shows Shostakovich at his most Mahlerian - mixing charm and venom , elegance and irony in equal measure . The Trio begins as a study in obsequious grace , with the solo violin playing flirtatiously over delicate harp and pizzicato accompaniment , but the music repeatedly loses its cool , descending into noisy violence . The sinister return of the Lรคndler is surely a nod to the Scherzo of Beethoven โ s Fifth , with its skeletal instrumentation of staccato bassoons and pizzicato strings . One last flirtatious nod to the violin solo , this time on solo oboe , disingenuously promises a gentle resolution of the movement โ s tensions , before a final angry outburst brings the movement to an abrupt close in A minor . Third Movement - Largo The extraordinary Largo , written in just three days , is one of Shostakovich โ s most moving creations . As in the opening of the first movement , Shostakovich uses the orchestra with tremendous restraint . Again , he opens with a long paragraph for strings , only gradually and sparingly introducing woodwinds and percussion . The brass remain silent throughout . In the second paragraph solo oboe clarinet and flute each state a theme pregnant with loneliness over nearly static string tremolo accompaniment . Then , Shostakovich begins the inexorable build up to the anguished emotional climax of the entire symphony , a passage the great American musicologist Michael Steinberg calls โ the most Tchaikovskian page in all Shostakovich . Finale - Allegro non troppo A dispassionate glance at the score of the Finale , a movement described by Volkov as โ perhaps the most disturbing and ambivalent music of the 20 c . โ immediately reveals an important structural tie to the first movement . Once again , Shostakovich โ s metronome markings express a carefully calculated arch form , beginning at crotchet = 88 , then speeding up through 104 , 108 , 120 , 126 , 132 to 184 , then winding down from 160 to 108 , 116 and finally 92 , exactly ( as in the first movement ) one notch above the opening tempo on the metronome , but for one important quirk . Where as in the first movement Shostakovich marks the opening tempo as The Finale shatters the rapt stillness of the Largo with a violent and brutish march , the theme of which integrates material from no less than three sources . The first is , again , Carmen , using the music from the Habanera setting the words Prends garde a tois ! โ or โ Beware ! Beware ! โ Secondly , material from the theme was used again in Shostakovich โ s later setting of Robert Burns poem โ MacPherson โ s Farewell , โ to the words โ Sae rantingly , sae wantonly , sae dauntingly gaed he โ as the hero is led to โ the gallers - tree . โ Finally , as Gerald McBurney observed , the first four notes ( A D E F ) are the same as the first four notes of Shostakovich โ s 1936 setting of the Pushkin poem โ Rebirth , โ wherein the poet describes โ A Barbarian artist with sleepy brush โ , who โ Blackens over a picture of genius . โ The parallels with Stalin โ s obliteration of Shostakovich โ s Fourth Symphony and Lady Macbeth are obvious . In the course of the ensuing build up , there are more quotations to be found , notably from the fourth movement of Berlioz โ s Symphonie Fantastique and Strauss โ s Till Eulenspiegel , both of which , like Shostakovich โ s Burns setting , contain vivid musical descriptions of public executions . In the quiet middle section , Shostakovich returns to his setting of Pushkin โ s โ Rebirth โ quoting his own music from the final stanzas But with the year , the alien paints Flake off like old scales ; The creation of genius appears before us In its former beauty . Thus do delusions fall away From my worn - out soul And there spring up within it Visions of original , pure days . Confusion over the metaphysical and political โ meaning โ of the Fifth has been greatly increased by the purely musical confusion over the final tempo , largely propagated by Leonard Bernstein โ s iconic 1959 recording and his performance with the New York Philharmonic in Shostakovich โ s presence that year , in which he famously more than doubled the speed from what Shostakovich had written . Although Shostakovich later repeatedly confirmed his intention that it be played at quaver = 188 , confusion continues to this day among conductors and critics more inclined to learn a piece through recordings than through the score . ( In his defence , Bernstein , throughout his career , was generally more scrupulous in his observance of many of the other metronome markings in the symphony than Mravinsky , who tends to speed through the symphony โ s slow music ) . But what are we to make of that idiosyncratic metronome marking ? By giving the tempo in quavers , Shostakovich is implying that each quaver has its own impulse , its own emphasis , and , in fact the entire coda has an absolutely unremitting string of continuous quavers , all on the pitch A , 252 in all . The brass , in note values double their original length , bring back the opening โ Barbarian โ or Carmen theme , now in triumphant D major - Prends garde ! Beware ! โ it seems to bellow over and over . Through it all , the strings , woodwinds and piano continue to repeat those A โ s over and over . When asked by his son what all those A โ s where meant to signify , Shostakovich reportedly said โ La ! La ! La ! La ! โ La is the Russian nickname for Elena , the woman who had broken his heart by marrying Mr Carmen ; Shostakovich โ s archivist Manashir Yakubov calls it โ a cry of despair and farewell . โ Yet , asked by another c . symphonies is so powerful for much the same reason it has always been so controversial . When one is able to recognize the depth and intensity of its countless tensions and contradictions , what listener could ever settle for something as simplistic and straightforward as a happy , or sad , ending again ? Copyrighted material is partially reproduced here without profit for educational purposes only , under relevant Fair Use provisions of international copyright law and will be removed on request . The blog post you ca n โ t read here Rick Jones reviews Bobby and Hans vol . 2 , Orchestra of the Swan at Cadogan Hall , and Ken โ s waffling Spread the word . Share this post ! About the author American conductor , composer and cellist Kenneth Woods is Principal Conductor of the English Symphony Orchestra , Artistic Director of the Colorado MahlerFest and cellist of the string trio Ensemble Epomeo . He records for the Avie , Somm , Nimbus , Signum , MSR and Toccata labels . Learn about Kenneth at www . kennethwoods . net All material in these pages is protected by copyright . | [
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http://kentakepage.com/andrew-jackson-beard/ | Andrew Jackson Beard Meserette Kentake March 29 , 2014 African American History Makers Maafa 1 Comment Andrew Jackson Beard was born on March 29 , 1849 . He was a farmer , carpenter , blacksmith , a railroad worker , a businessman and finally an inventor . He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in Akron , Ohio for his work on railroad coupler design . Beard was born in the Maafa ( slavery ) in Jefferson County , Alabama . He was freed at the age of 15 , and married at 16 . Beard started his working life as a farmer in a small city outside of Birmingham , before building and operating a flourmill . In 1881 , he patented his first invention , a plow , and sold the patent rights for $ 4,000 in 1884 . In 1887 , Andrew Beard patented a second plaw and sold it for $ 5,200 . Beard invested the money into the real estate business In 1889 , Beard invented a rotary steam engine , patented on July 5 , 1892 . He claimed that his steam engine was cheaper to build and operate than steam engines and it would not explode . While Beard worked on his rotary steam engine , he experimented with perhaps his finest invention , an automatic car coupler idea . In the early days of American railroading , coupling was done manually . Car coupling , an extremely dangerous undertaking required a railroad worker to brace himself between cars and drop a metal pin into place at the exact moment the cars came together . Few railroad men kept all their fingers , many lost arms and hands . And , many were caught between cars and crushed to death during the hazardous split - second operation . Beard himself lost a leg as a result of a car coupling accident . His idea safely hooked railroad cars to each Beard invented the Automatic Railroad Car Coupler , commonly referred to as the โ Jenny โ coupler , ( not to be mistaken for the Janney coupler ) . The patent for his invention was issued on November 23 , 1897 . Andrew Beard โ s invention , which was improved in 1899 , is the forerunner of today โ s automatic coupler . Unfortunately , Beard โ s life , after 1897 , is a virtual mystery . He died in 1921 yet no record has been found of where it happened . The railroad industry owes a debt to his inventive genius . Source : http : / / www . aaregistry . org / historic_events / view / andrew - j - beard - was - great - inventor http : / / inventors . about . com / od / photogallery / ig / African - American - B / Andrew - Beard โ - 594 - 059 . htm African - American Black Inventor History Maker Maafa One Response jaden February 5 , 2019 Wow ! I didnt know that could happen at 16 ! Reply Leave a Reply | [
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http://kentucky.gov/employment/Pages/default.aspx | Find Employment Kentucky is proud of its quality workforce and we have the resources to help you land that perfect job A great place to live and work Kentucky is a great place to find employment The Kentucky Career Center offers assistance in focusing employment possibilities filing unemployment claims or accessing existing claims as well as inperson assistance State Government Openings Find immediate fill classes interim job opportunities coop and intern programs and career opportunities Information is available on opportunities merit nonmerit internships salary schedules and benefits as well as how to apply for jobs Search Current Openings Explore Resources Find Training Opportunities Get Renew Professional Licenses Know your Rights Resources Already work for the state of Kentucky Find resources state holidays retirement planning more below Rights Resources Learn about your rights as an employee or get the protection you need Vocational Rehabilitation Kentucky strives to assist citizens with disabilities to find employment and independence offering employment programs employer services and vocational training centers Through various efforts and partnerships finding suitable employment is possible Get Vocational Assistance Unemployment Resources The Kentucky Career Center offers information on unemployment benefits claims as well as many services for job seekers Training Career Advancement Since we are competing in a global marketplace the importance of workforce training has never been greater The Kentucky Skills Network gives workers the necessary training to compete globally The goal is to meet and exceed industry needs for customized flexible and industrydriven skills training by tailoring skills training for new expanding and existing companies PreApprenticeship Opportunities for Students The Tech Ready Apprentices for Careers in Kentucky TRACK program provides preapprenticeship opportunities to secondary students This is an industrydriven program that creates a worker pipeline for employers and provides students with postsecondary job opportunities and apprenticeship training Safety Standards Inspections The Kentucky Skills Network strives to ensure the Commonwealths workplace is a safe and healthy environment Thats why the Kentucky Skills Network provides free safety and health training to employers and employees Workers Claims Compensation The Workers Compensation Specialist program to further assist the public as a lowcost means to resolve disputes as to entitlement to benefits and expedite delivery of service to injured workers View Constituent Services For State Government Workers Employment Information and State Employee Resources Theres a Guide for Success Find uptodate information on Adoption Benefits Deferred Compensation Health Insurance Holidays and Leave Life Insurance Optional Insurance Pay Retirement Workers Compensation Insurance View Employee Handbook Opportunities in Public Service View immediate fill classes interim job opportunities coop and intern programs and career opportunities Information is available on opportunities merit nonmerit internships salary schedules and benefits as well as how to apply for jobs Search Current Job Openings Explore Resources View Benefits Insurance Find Holidays and Leave Log in to KHRIS Portal Plan for Retirement Contact COT Submit questions or feedback to the Commonwealth Office of Technology Kentucky Labor Market Information Find statistics on unemployment rates the highest paying jobs in a citytown which occupations are predicted to have the most future job openings wage tables and other helpful facts and figures Kentucky Retirement Systems Online Benefit Calculator Estimate retirement financial planning needs with this tool It is not a guarantee of benefits that may be available to a member at retirement KHRIS Find Kentucky Personnel information Related Agencies Commonwealth Office of Technology Division of Employee Benefits Kentucky Career Center Kentucky Retirement Systems Labor Cabinet | [
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http://kentucky.hometownlocator.com/ky/ohio/olaton.cfm | Olaton ( in Ohio County , KY ) Populated Place Profile Olaton : Basic Facts & Information Olaton GNIS FID : 508740 ) is a populated place located in Ohio County at latitude 37.526 and longitude - 86.687 . The elevation of Olaton is 423 feet . Olaton appears on the Olaton U.S. Geological Survey Map . Ohio County is in the Central Time Zone ( UTC - 6 hours ) . Ohio County Cities & Towns | ZIP Codes | Features airports , churches , hospitals , etc . Research a Kentucky Address and get . . . Boundary Maps , Demographic Data , School Zones Review maps and data for the neighborhood , city , county , ZIP Code , and school zone . July 1 , 2018 , data includes home values , household income , percentage of homes owned , rented or vacant , etc . Mapped Location of Olaton + โ Leaflet | Map data ยฉ OpenStreetMap contributors BIG Map Driving Directions | Data Source - USGS GNIS FID : 508740 BOUNDARY MAPS : Horse Branch Division Quick & Easy Ways to . . . Get Current Demographic Data for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes View Boundary Maps , for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes Locate Physical , Cultural , and Historical Features Research Public Schools & Attendance Zones Nearby Cities , Towns & Census Designated Places Rosine , KY ( 6 miles SSW ) Fordsville , KY ( 7.9 miles NNW ) Caneyville , KY ( 13 miles ESE ) Hartford , KY ( 13.2 miles WSW ) Beaver Dam , KY ( 13.4 miles SW ) Whitesville , KY ( 14.8 miles NW ) Nearby Neighborhoods , Subdivisions & Other Small Populated Places Narrows , KY ( 3.6 miles NW ) Horse Branch , KY ( 4.9 miles S ) Shreve , KY ( 4.9 miles NE ) Sulphur Springs , KY ( 4.9 miles W ) Hites Falls , KY ( 5.1 miles ENE ) Dundee , KY ( 5.1 miles WNW ) Kentucky Census Data Comparison Tool Compare Kentucky July 1 , 2018 Data Data Population Population Density Diversity Index Average Household Income Per Capita Income Locations Cites & Towns Counties ZIP Codes Highest or Lowest Show Highest Values Show Lowest Values Results Show 20 Results Show 200 Results | [
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http://kentuckymotorsportshalloffame.com/Drag_Racers_Page_2.html | Home Page Class of 2017 Class of 2016 Class of 2015 Class of 2014 List of Inductees Hall of Fame 2008 - 2010 Hall of Fame 2011 - 2013 2010 Ceremony 2011 Ceremony 2013 Ceremony Special Awards Kentucky Oldtimers KY Oldtimers II KY Oldtimers III KY Oldtimers IV Past Events History KY Motorsports Ovals Old KY Speed Shops Hot Rodders Drag Racers Tractor / Truck KY Watersports Road Racing US 60 Dragway Ohio Valley Raceway NHRR 2011 NHRR 2010 Bluegrass Dragway 64 - 81 Ohio Valley Reunion 2010 Radio Show D93 Old Car Club Logos Motorcycles / Bikes Links Forms Join our Forum Sponsors / Commitee Donations Facebook Photos Memorials Media / Press Drag Racers Page 2 Drag Racers Page 3 Back Up Pickup Matched Race at US 60 Early 70 ' s then Crashed Original Wompin Jr 40 Chevy at Ohio Valley Lyde Wagers Lyde Wagers in Mask Jim Browner Weighing in car Bill Holt Harrison County 1971 Billy Cousins Twin AA / D 1963 John Carter 1976 " Honest John " 1974 Chevy Vega John Carter - Sitting in car Walter Levold - Leaning Over Charlie Biscoff - Back turned Others Unknown Dale Funk receiving his " Wally " Greg Sharp holding Robert Frakes " Wally " Presented by Dave McClelland Sievert & Huffman Eldon Huffman Lyde Wagers In Memory of Randall Ray Benningfield 1945 - 2009 Kentuckiana Drag Racers Hall of Fame Inductee Randy Walls Richmond Dragway Richmond KY Rusty Perkins Mustang - Bowling Green Photo taken at Windy Hollow , Owensboro KY Joe Moore Chevy Citation Raymond Walkers F / C at Ohio Valley 1978 Jerry Basham April 1961 Sturgis Drag Strip Thanks to Bobby Davis and Jerry Basham Steve Barns 58 Chevy October 1959 Owensboro Drag Strip Thanks to Bobby Davis and Jerry Basham Bob Glidden Winning SS at Ohio Valley 5 Kentucky Drivers that won the biggest Drag Race in Kentucky in 1972 Ray Rountree T / F Jerry McMonigal C / D Sherrill Huff Modified Morris Lightfoot S / S Ronnie Bradley Stock Dave Huber 3035 C / D 1975 Sports Nationals Bowling Green KY Former Super Stock Racer Jim Allen seen here in his white 65 Chevelle , passed away 11 - 10 - 10 . Jim lived in Grayson County . Formerly owned JSA Racing Engines in Owensboro . RIP Army Armstrong Nash Gasser Collings Downes Dragster 1980 ' s Steve Hinton 55 Chevy Bowling Green KY Sadler Racing Larry Pride Racing Elizabethtown KY Kenny Cook Dick Thorn Cheap Thrills AFD Click on the Blue Grass Dragway picture above to see a really neat map created by Brian Harney Frakes and Funk 1972 Points Meet at Beech Bend Funk just set NHRA top T / F record 1st time out in new car Dave Meador Top Alcohol Dragster 1974 at Dave and his Dads used car lot at Taylor and Berry in Louisville Doyle Patton in his M / P Corvette at Beech Bend 1974 Car known as " General " Ron Boggs and John Carter RIP Spivey Williams John Carter F / C , Dick Thorne Dragster , Bill Felker Camaro Debbie Downs Miss SPORTSnationals John Carter John Carter ( Black Willys ) Versus Don Davis ( Will Power ) Dave Huber ' s ISCA Champion 1990 60 Dragmaster Louisville KY Dick Meeks D / A 27 Ford Valley Station KY Pat Wheatley Brandenburg KY Don Bowles Madisonville KY Kentucky Motorsports Hall of Fame Inductee Conway Witten S / S Corvette 1980s Cowl of the Frakes and Funk Twin T / G dragster in 1972 the last year for T / G , Dale Funk won the Division 3 Championship and Austin Myers won the World Championship . It was a great year for T / G in Kentucky . Michelle Lewis Louisville KY Kenny Morris , Conway Witten and Mike Keown Jerry McMonigal near lane and Dick Thorn both in C / D Dragsters at Beech Bend 1971 Frakes & Sanders AA / GD at Bluegrass Dragway Drew Tarr Louisville KY Bill Lyle First race car 23 T Fairdale KY Kenny Shain Leitchfield KY Doug Greenfield vs Ken O ' Keefe Battle of the Thunderbolts at U S 60 1960s Walt Derringer Thunderbolt run out of the old Ken O ' Keefe Ford in Louisville on Shelbyville Rd now Oxmoor Ford The Willie Dee special , Bill Canter A / D out of Valley Station Ky Kevin Neal Ohio Valley Louisville KY Drag Racers Page 3 | [
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http://kentuckysportsradio.com/main/trey-lyles-mother-says-her-son-and-family-were-attacked-after-his-decommitment-from-iu/ | Trey Lyles โ mother says her son and family were โ attacked โ after his decommitment from IU By Mrs . Tyler Thompson on ยฉ November 05th , 2013 @ 9 : 51pm Posted in BB Recruiting Main | 208 Responses Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Video by cn | 2 It was a big day for Trey Lyles and his family . Trey was committed to Indiana for almost two years before decommitting in August to find the right coach to get him ready for the NBA . After his commitment to Kentucky today , Trey โ s mother spoke to reporters , and had one interesting note to pass along . According to her , Trey and his family were attacked after his decommitment from IU , which made today a huge relief : โ It โ s very relieving . It โ s been , like he said , he โ s been attacked , the family โ s been attacked , since his decommitment , so this is definitely a weight lifted off his shoulders . โ When asked how she dealt with that as a mother , Mrs . Lyles said that she was protective of her son : โ It โ s tough , but he โ s always thought of us as his shield . It โ ll bounce off us before it gets to him . But he โ s tough , we โ re a tough family . Anyone who knows us knows we โ re going to make it through this just fine . โ Stay classy , Hoosiers . [ comment 208 ] [ Link ] Article written by Mrs . Tyler Thompson No , I will not make you a sandwich , but you can follow me on Twitter @ MrsTylerKSR or email me 208 responses to โ Trey Lyles โ mother says her son and family were โ attacked โ after his decommitment from IU โ jaws2 November 5 , 2013 at 10 : 02 pm | Permalink This kid sounds like a lot of kids that Cal gets . Very good athletes , and good kids as well . The guy just does it over and over . I โ m always impressed by the parents and how they stress the education of their child as well as their basketball careers . TDIYM November 5 , 2013 at 10 : 39 pm Permalink Are you serious ? ! Their educations ? ! These kids stay 1 year and do n โ t even take a full semester work load in class . So sure . Keep smoking . uK and Cal really want them to get that edumication . donkeys 11 : 25 pm have you seen his dads Albums ? He has some great hits , โ Pound the Pu * * * โ and โ C * m โ many more out there too . They have the best at heart for Trey , he should follow his parents closely to be a great example . Kristen Geil ' s Abs 11 : 25 pm TDIYM โ You have no proof to back up your statements . You are a typical internet tough guy . In the real world , you suck at everything . One& ; doneis a joke November 6 , 2013 6 : 21 am UK recruits do n โ t attend classes after the season is over , this one and done crap is pathetic . If you want an education โฆ you do n โ t play for the slimy Coach Cal . He is in it for himself , not the kids Big Blue B - Rad November 6 , 2013 9 : 30 am One&doneis a joke โ You have no proof to back up that statement that recruits do n โ t attend classes after the season is over . But we do . Daniel Orton is the only recruit who did that . Do n โ t listen to everything Bobby Knight tries to tell you . Al / in / Indy 10 : 22 am It โ s a GREAT day to be a UK fan , because everyone else just not relevant โฆ .Suck it uvel fans ! brian 12 : 05 pm It โ s not even his real mother . It โ s not his mother that is the problem . It โ s the father . You should read about the father . Trey is presumably a good kid , and appears to be a solid student . But he knows what โ s going on , and he asks for some of it with his pleading for followers on twitter and the dad โ s antics only add fuel to the fire . As for UK fans being all loving and such โ yes they did go after Wiggins . They are n โ t the majority , but they exist , and like those who attacked Lyles , give programs a bad name . alex moir November 7 , 2013 4 : 34 pm โ Stay Classy Hoosiers โ . Just to clear things up โ โ University of โ ( what a JOKE ! ) Kentucky one and done players do not attend class after the Christmas holidays , have no intention of going to โ school โ the second semester and major in nothing . Not a myth , cold , hard facts . Calipari is a slimebag and the โ University of โ Kentucky is a sham . Scott Osborne November 7 , 2013 5 : 41 pm As a life long Indiana Hoosiers fan it not only is embarrassing but it โ s painful that someone would stoop that low to threaten a High school kid and his family because of his decommitment . . This a another example as to why college coaches should not be allowed to offer a scholarship to any student athlete until they are a Juniors . Kids are too young to make that choice . I know it โ s a dog eat dog world out there , but please โฆ another example where once a kid graduates High School , Some Guy in Kentucky 10 : 09 pm FoxSouth is replaying the UK basketball game from Monday , Wed . at noon - 2pm ET . kes 10 : 12 pm the hoosier fan base is just gross . gross redneck , white trash inbred window licking mouth breathing pieces of sh # t Dan 10 : 54 pm Yep , but yet they do n โ t compare to the UK fan base . Biggest inbred trash west of West Virginia . Terrible hick state . Dave 11 : 05 pm Excuse me I live in indiana and I โ m not white trash or inbred . Get your facts straight before you start putting labels on indiana fans . There is always a small minority of fans that represent a team or fan base poorly but they are in the minority . So please to not generalize indiana and it โ s people with what your preconceived notions are . B - rad 12 : 46 pm You must being typing in a mirror . Coming from the fan base that trashed Wiggins and recently Blackmon for his comittment . You guys do n โ t care how you win , as evidence from the name on the arena . Hoosier1 1 : 45 pm I do not appreciate the comments made by kes regarding Hoosier fams which , by the way , he showed his own ignorance by not capitalizing ( โ hoosiers โ ) . Most of us Hoosiers are inteligent and true basketball fans who support our teams no matter what . IU has had a clean program except during the Sampson years . Calipari has had NCAA regulation issues almost everywere he has coached . Lyles decommitteed after IU refused to hire one of his coaches . I applaud Crean and all of the IU athletic staff for not caving in to a recruit โ s demands of special treatment . Time will tell determine the basketball ability of Lyles at a higher level . What kind of a person is he ? I do not know , but I guess we will find out . In Cal We Trust 10 : 15 pm So , he is almost a 4.0 student , so much for the all he cares about is the NBA talk from UL and IU fans . Welcome Trey ! Cherith Cutestory 10 : 25 pm Welcome to your new home Lyles Trey Lyles 10 : 36 pm Hey buddy / guy , lay off my family , or I โ ll get my mother to queef in your face Dougm68 1 : 25 pm I โ m not your buggy / guy , friend . Dougm68 1 : 26 pm buddy * : @ Sonny 10 : 40 pm Does this shock anyone about IU and there fans . Why any kid would go there is beyond my thinking . Trey showed some smarts backing out of that deal . Welcome Trey to BBN Aaron 10 : 44 pm Their * โฆ although I would n โ t expect Kentucky fans to really have a grasp on basic grammar Two Way Street 10 : 57 pm Ooh Aaron , yoo - hoo , I believe you have an IU fan named Todd who could also use a grammar lesson since you โ re apparently giving them out for free . But maybe you โ ve since gotten distracted and are just giving out free popcorn boxes now . Dave 11 : 07 pm Yea having 2 top 5 draft picks in the last draft why would anyone want to go to IU ? Answer me that . John W 11 : 15 pm Because they could go as the 1st and 2nd pick coming off a national championship at UK . KYStout 11 : 17 pm IU = hang a banner on the night you lose . Classic . Watford for 3 12 : 53 am Where is any evidence that he was โ attacked โ ? Was he attacked physically ? Physiologically ? On message boards ? In the media ? On Twitter ? On his way back from class ? In the gym ? Where and when ? It โ s a very loose , unfounded statement โ with no supporting evidence and it goes along with the drama they have continually perpetuated from the beginning . He wanted more attention ( or his family did ) and he got it from Calipari . Indiana graduates student - athletes . Kentucky pushes them through Isaac in Louisville 2 : 56 am Kentucky graduates student - athletes . They also let some start their careers if they โ re ready to go . That โ s a fact . Patrick Patterson = graduated in 3 years , working his butt off during summer months to get it done in the classroom . Anthony Davis and MKG only a few credits from graduating โ and will have their degree soon ( yep , still going to school in the summer , even after turning pro ) . That โ s just recently . Liggins graduated . Harrellson graduated . Both signed professional contracts J 10 : 43 pm Lol what a joke . How bout mommy protects his son and does n โ t let him commit when he โ s 13 and a half yrs old . BIGBLUE 11 : 15 pm WHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA โฆ โฆ โฆ โฆ โฆ WHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA โฆ โฆ โฆ โฆ โฆ โฆ WHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA . Go let Tommy deap tongue change your diaper you dam baby ! Hahahaha 12thRegiment 3 : 42 pm My 2nd grade son writes better than this sappy fool . Todd 10 : 46 pm For real BBN ? Not all IU fans act that way . When Blackmon committed last week there were the same kind of things being said to him by UK fans . I โ m an IU fan living on Louisvile and I can say that all three fan bases have crazy people and all three have classy fans as well . If your denying UK is any different than your lying to yourself . DCS195 11 : 21 pm That โ s true . It โ s just some of these fan bases have a much higher percentage of fans with no class and what I have seen from the IU fans in the last few years have definitely not helped their ranking . HoosierGreatness 10 : 47 pm The only kids that go to Kentucky are losers . He wo n โ t get an education at Kentucky . He may be a great ball player but we will see . He will end up being drafted then get hurt and have Nothing to fall back on . Linda Taylor 11 : 12 pm Do you really not understand that he will have more money from that first contract than most people make in their entire lives ? If he were to get injured he would have more than enough money to finish his education in the field of his choice . As for our losers , I guess John Wall who just signed a max contract for $ 80 million and DeMarcus Cousins who just signed a max contract for over $ 60 million are losers in your mind . Here is another fact you Loosiers do n โ t seem to know Chris 11 : 44 pm Whoa ! How many have finished ? What you just said is 100 % false or every recruit has lied to his parents and coach . I wish I had a โ connection โ in make believe land like you do . Linda Taylor 12 : 19 am Chris : Since Cal came these kids have graduated : Mark Krebs , Ramon Harris , Patrick Patterson , Perry Stevenson , Eloy Vargas , Josh Harrellson , Darius Miller , Jarrod Polson , John Hood , Twany Beckham , Julius Mays . Cal has even brought in players that played under Pitino and Tubby but did n โ t finish their degrees as assistants so they could complete their educations . It will take the one and dones longer to finish as they only take a few online classes during the NBA season and then take some during the summer sessions . They do come back for summer school though . Do not believe what you hear from Bobby Knight . He does n โ t know what he is talking about . Since Cal came we have only had one kid , Daniel Orton ( a BCG recruit ) who did n โ t finish the spring semester . Every other kid who has been one and done has done 12 : 27 am And Chris I guess the concept of people finishing their degrees after the age of 22 is foreign to you but I promise it does happen . It does not matter whether any of the one and done players finish their degree when they are 25 , 30 , 40 , or whatever so long as they keep the promised they made their families . Are you really truly as stupid as your comments portray ? The slick 10 : 47 pm Awe mommy needs attention mrs Blackmon did n โ t get attacked The Bear @ TDIYM 1i . Your comment shows how stupid you really are the one and dones , John Wall etc . have returned to uk in the summer to work on degrees and his teams gpa โ s are high so you should do some research before you open you mouth Gene T . 5 : 28 pm Your an idiot ! Did you not read the comment above . UK graduates players and had a 3.7 GPA for the spring . Oh just so you understand GPA is grade point average , and you do n โ t get a grade if you do n โ t finish the semester . Seriously ? 10 : 48 pm UK fans calling other fan bases classless and redneck ? I really ca n โ t fathom that being a serious comment . Jesus , I ca n โ t wait for Cal to get caught again and see all those wins and championship ( s ) vacated . 11 : 24 pm The complete ignorance of other fan bases is beyond belief . Cal has never been caught or punished by the NCAA . His record with the NCAA is spotless . The NCAA assured Mitch Barnhart of that fact before Mitch would consider hiring him . After Anthony Davis was already playing for the Hornets / Pelicans he was asked in an interview about Cal . Do you know what he said ? โ Cal does n โ t cheat . โ But please by all means hold your breath waiting for Cal to โ get caught . โ It โ KYStout 11 : 24 pm Keep hoping and waiting . We will keep winning and winning . And yes dumbass , you are on a Kentucky site behaving like a classless redneck so you will pretty much be called out on it . Gene T . 5 : 28 pm Your an idiot ! Did you not read the comment above . UK graduates players and had a 3.7 GPA for the spring . Oh just so you understand GPA is grade point average , and you do n โ t get a grade if you do n โ t finish the semester . UK22 10 : 49 pm Lol I remember last time we said stay classy was after their W againts us at their house . Their fans spit and threw drinks at UK fans that made the trip . What a bunch of billys that just do n โ t know any better : ( . Their lives are shit anyway in Bloomington . Sad to say John Mellencamp stomping grounds . ( I hear he โ s a douche anyways . ) It โ s so funny talking to IU fans when they bring up the sweet 16 matchup โฆ We have nearly forgot about it . I โ m glad they remind us of that ass whooping . Little brother W @ UL W was way more satisfying . Welcome to the BBN Lyles family . Wish the best for your son and his future . Easy Pic 11 : 26 pm The behavior of Indiana fans during and after that game is well documented and absolutely despicable . Matt 10 : 50 pm Do you dumbass Kentucky fans not remember the death threats you gave Wiggins when he picked Kansas over UK ? Because I sure do , hypocrites 11 : 28 pm You are a liar . It did n โ t happen and that is why there is not a single shred of evidence concerning it anywhere . Liar . brian 12 : 07 pm KYSTOUT โฆ you are delusional . Their is a fringe to every fan base that does it now , get off your high horse . http : / / kentsterling . com / 2013 / 05 / 14 / kentucky - fans - prove - classless - in - attacking - andrew - wiggins - and - confused - in - responding / Money Man 10 : 51 pm Daddy Lyles got paid ! ! ! ! Basketball fan 123 10 : 51 pm That โ s a load of crap . The only person that ever was โ attacked โ was his scumbag father . Seems like a good kid but his father is pathetic . Tom Lyles is just like most Kentucky fans ignorant scum . Keep breeding with your siblings Kentucky fans . 11 : 31 pm Indiana fans on here proving what we all know about them . Please continue to make yourselves look like the classless mouth breathers you are . 6 : 55 am That comes from living in Indiana Idiot The Craven 10 : 52 pm Hey Sonny , someone might go to IU to learn the difference between the words โ there โ and โ their โ . You might want to contemplate the difference yourself . IUFAN 10 : 52 pm Are you kidding me ? You ca n โ t believe that all IU fans are inbreds . I would say most are well educated . Every college has those crazy fans who bring everyone else down , Kentucky not excluding . Bloomington is a great college town just as Lexington is , so I do n โ t know why it would be such a terrible choice to go there . Anyway , Kentucky should be much improved this year , and I am excited to watch them play . GO HOOSIERS ! 6 : 56 am Finally a Hoosier that gets college Basketball BIGBLUE 10 : 54 pm I โ m always amazed at how many IU and UL fans frequent this site . Damn it feels good to be a gangsta ! I could n โ t imagine being this wrapped up in another team , just out of pure jealousy . Hate on haters ! Our next game is Friday , but I โ m sure you nut jockeys already knew that . I suppose if anybody gave a $ hit about your garbage programs , you โ d have a place to keep up with your own teams . Bunch of closet UK fans , Basketball fan 123 10 : 56 pm So what does writing an article about IU say about you all ? Ca n โ t get enough ? 11 : 04 pm Actually , this article was about a UK COMMIT โฆ .and it โ s a UK website . And you โ re a jealous , bitter IU fan trolling around . What does that say for you ? Either way โฆ .this is life and you better just get used to it . Or join the millions of BB fans in praying that Cal gets caught cheating . Bout the only hope you have left . Friday @ 7 , dirtbag โฆ . .don โ t miss it , you wo n โ t have anything to read about ! Todd 11 : 45 pm It got posted to bleacher report under IU so a bunch of us got informed on our phones . Btw โฆ I believe UK basketball fans just got voted the 2nd dumbest fan base in America . 12 : 33 am Todd you are referring to a Tennessee fan who gave that opinion as a troll so he could get hits to his pathetic web site . It was merely proof of how powerful the BBN is . We are constantly being trolled by websites trying to get hits . 7 : 05 am UL and IU fans have to come to a UK sight to find out how the BBN , the largest fan base in College Basketball roll . I just do n โ t get why they would go to another tams site . I have never been on another teams site . I could care less what UL and IU fans think . It is so clear you are jealous , and that makes all UK fans even more proud . Catcounsel 10 : 55 pm Nice comment Todd ! Just another example of how very different the world actually is once you get outside of the Big Blue Nation ! ! Rednecks - it โ s just a shame ! bbr 10 : 56 pm โ I ca n โ t wait for Cal to get caught again โ Again ? There has n โ t been a first time yet , so there ca n โ t be an again . Do a little research before you regurgitate the weak - minded talking points . 7 : 07 am bbr I agree , that is all those weak minded IU and UL fans can say Wow 10 : 57 pm I am kind of amazed at the hate directed at these kids . I am a huge UK fan and a season ticket holder , but I can not see myself being brought to the point of hating an amatuer athlete ( except maybe Laetner - for the stomp not the shot ) . Some the the โ Tweets โ and blogs are atrocious . Love your team , respect your opponent , and hope noone gets injured ! ! Gangsta What an ugly woman . She will fit right in with all the other ugly women in Lexington . Joe 7 : 22 pm For real ? I was born and raised in lexington , went to uk , and unfortunately lived in Bloomington for a year for work . I really do n โ t think there are five remotely good looking women in that entire city . The people I worked with were great , aside from that Bloomington is a dump , with dumpier chicks UK2K 10 : 58 pm 19 . No we are n โ t kidding you . Stay classy โฆ Glad you โ re excited to watch us play ? ? ? Get off our message boards your f# $ % * ( g loser . SaltyHoosierFans 10 : 58 pm Poor Salty Hoosier fans . They act like college is a once in a life time opportunity . Like if you get hurt in the NBA you can never go back to college LOL . Most of Calipari โ s players are still taking college classes . and every one of these Hoosier fans would kill to play in the NBA . So one and done is bad but 2 and out is okay ( Cody Zeller ) โ IU fan logic Remember these are the same fans that idolize a coach who verbally and physically abused players , media , and everyone associated with him ( Bobby Knight ) . Same fans who have lowered expectations for their program and now give out rings for Sweet 16 wins . The IU program is dead and they have n โ t done enough in the last 20 years to even have the right to speak to a UK fan about basketball 11 : 47 pm Cody graduated 1 : 08 am Todd according to your fellow IU fan Watford for Three he did not graduate yet . Since your comments show a much lower educational level than your fellow fan I am more inclined to believe him . gossie21 10 : 54 am Tom Crean does n โ t have a single Sweet - 16 win while at IU . They โ ve lost in the Sweet - 16 every time . We do n โ t have confirmation on whether the cut down the nets . UK2K 10 : 59 pm you * indyman126 11 : 00 pm Use can have this loser . For one year because he โ s not smart enough for a real collage . Only reason they must pay more down in blue hell . Isaac in Louisville 3 : 02 am It must be rough not even being smart enough to make a real collage โฆ HAHAHA 11 : 35 am โ Use โ can have this loser ? Real โ collage โ ? What โ s really hilarious is that I โ m sure you do n โ t even get that you โ re stupid . Go Big Blue 11 : 00 pm I think it โ s pathetic that fans of other teams have to come to KENTUCKY SPORTS RADIO fan site and talk crap . Here โ s an idea go to your own teams site if your good enough to have one and worry about your own team and quit hating and running your mouth about Cal and Kentucky fans cause you wish you had Cal , our tradition and all around awesomeness . Just keep hating and worring bout us as we get 9 rwwmusic Lol . Trust me , Hoosier fans do not โ frequent โ this site . It was linked to from Bleacher Report . 11 : 40 pm You are soooooooo wrong . We see IU fans on this site frequently . We do n โ t see as many of them as UL fans but we see more than our share , especially during basketball season . The vast majority are jerks but once in a great while we will see a decent human being represent your school . timcruise83 11 : 01 pm Indiana fans are fine with getting the lesser players for 2 to 4 years . We develop a relationship with our players . Everyone around the country knows that all Kentucky is , is an NBA factory . If these kids would be able to come straight out of highschool to the pros you wouldnt have had any of the teams that you had the last 5 years . Seriously Kentucky fans , your only competition in the SEC is florida . Kids go there win a title ( or get beat in the NIT by Oral Roberts ) then 11 : 52 pm Another clueless IU fan . We welcome our guys back all the time . We had a great alumni game on Sept . 9th where John Wall scored 40 points . It raised over $ 1 million for charity . DeMarcus Cousins could n โ t play because he was in the middle of contract negotiations but that did n โ t stop him from coming . He was one of the assistant coaches . Nerlens Noel was back for that game also even though he could n โ t play because of his rehab on his torn ACL . 7 : 34 am timcruise , another stupid Hoosier . Crean is trying to recruit the same players , he just does n โ t get them . Your comment actually shows your ignorance . Did he and you fans not want lyles , You know you do n โ t want 4 year players , because that means they are usually not a 5 star . Some work out , most do n โ t . Tubby tried that 4 year stuff , and you see where that got him . It sounds like Hoosierville has lowered your standards because you have to SaltyHoosierFans 11 : 01 pm I guess by logic IU Fans are showing on here , they must hate Cody Zeller because he did n โ t finish his degree before leaving . Hoosier For your information Cody finished his degree in 2 years by taking summer class loads that Kentucky players do n โ t take their entire careers . I think tho is a load of crap and it is just some attention seeking parents who want to take the spotlight from their child . Grow up and quit trying to relive your pathetic athletic careers ( if you even had one ) on here . timcruise83 11 : 20 pm Lol shows how much you know buddy . He graduated in 2 years lol . Victor graduated in 3 . Our kids our smart . we dont just pick the top 5 best players from around the country and let them take classes for 1 semester and then jump to the pros , like you do down there 12 : 32 am Why would you post this without knowing if Cody graduated ? Shows how smart you really are . 1 : 10 am IU fans : According to your fellow fan Watford for Three , Cody Zeller has not graduated yet . Busted ! 11 : 04 pm There is n โ t 1 player that has been one and done at UK that IU and Crean would n โ t have taken . They just ca n โ t get them and the ones they do get they ca n โ t develop them quick enough . The whole point of a coach is to get the most out of your players right now , not hold them back , even if that means losing them after the year is over . at IU , Crean either holds players back on purpose or just ca n โ t develop kids very well right away 11 : 31 pm Yea Crean holds our kids back โฆ .thats why we were # 1 in the nation for half the year , last year , and you guys lost to Oral Roberts in the NIT โฆ O and forgot to mention we had 2 kids go in the top 5 also . And the last time you came to Assembly , your team got beat . They made commercials out of that game and now your coach doesnt wanna play anymore . SEC sounds alot easier than coming to Bloomington . Hope Louisville stomps your 18 year old AAU / BBN 11 : 07 pm So UK โ s one and dones do n โ t love UK and do n โ t ever come back . Yet most love UK fans and Calipari because we supported and help them reach their dreams . We do n โ t shatter dreams then stand behind , well at least you got a college degree BS . I bet there are more former IU players who are PO at IU and could care less to come back to visit because IU did n โ t help them reach their dreams . Former UK players come back and send their Summers in Lexington . They throughout the year frequently . ONLY INDIANA fans would think going to the NBA is such a horrible thing . LOL LOL LOL LOL Yeah making millions โ what a horrible thing to accomplish LOL LOL LOL Catswild 11 : 09 pm 31 . Indiana fans are upset they get their ass whooped every year in recruiting to UK . Just a reminder we beat you in sweet 16 after your town celebrated a Super Bowl win and classless as hell at that . Your coach plays for the other team if you know what I mean . ( nothing wrong with that / kisses are forever ) thetruth 11 : 09 pm Real Talk โฆ The only tradition Kentucky Univ . offers to obtain the Top Recruits is the tradition of PAYING for them . Coach Cal and KU must have the NCAA so far in their pockets that all the NCAA can feel is balls . Good Luck to Tre โฆ Would have loved him in Crimson , representing for the home state making history . But no hating here . Make that money ! ! Wow 4 : 33 pm You โ re enough of a college basketball fan that you heard about this , but not enough to know that KU is Kansas and UK is Kentucky ? Wow . And Calipari has paid off the NCAA too ? Take off the tin foil hat man . Was Calipari also responsible for 9 / 11 and global warming ? rainman 11 : 10 pm We should make sure a certain guard in LOOSIERLAND reads some of this crap ! Maybe then he โ ll know what kind of Ignorant inbreds he โ s getting himself into ! LOSERVILLE , and LOOSIERS , STILL SUCKING ! BTW , Creap , ( Imean Crean ) called , he needs a KISS ! 12 : 38 am Loserland produces more D1 talent in one year than Kentucky does in 10 . Kentucky people are such blowhards about UK because they suck so bad at actually playing the game that its all they have . Whole state full of non talented hicks . Except for Willis โฆ that kid has some game . 11 : 10 pm RECRUITS I HOPE YOU ARE READING THIS : Read what IU fans are saying . They are saying that if you go there they are wanting you to care more about their University then your own dreams . They are wanting their coach to hold you back from your full potential for at least a few years just to keep you around longer for their own selfish reasons . In short โ they basically do n โ t care about what you want or your dreams , just theirs . Selfish a - holes 11 : 48 pm Yes , because I โ m sure a bunch of high school basketball stars are reading this . 3 : 06 am You โ d actually be surprised how many high school basketball stars read this . Blue Jesus 11 : 11 pm You can reply now ! ? Awesome Archie G 11 : 13 pm I heard some stayed at IU because they ca n โ t leave the kisses . F the $ $ $ $ .Stay for LOVE of the GAME ? 11 : 13 pm Well Hoosier fan who thinks Cal is paying players . A ) It came out about a month ago when some people working for the NCAA that quit that they were told to target Calipari and UK and STILL FOUND NOTHING โฆ LOL LOL LOL B ) So UK gets away with stuff with the NCAA ? You mean like IU boosters adopting recruits who end up at IU as a legal way to pay players ? Oh yeah you did n โ t mention that . Hypocrite LOL LOL LOL Forget about who pays who , 1andDone , 2andOut , college degrees , whatever โฆ . . Fact is Tom Crean kisses guys and that is gross and sick . I hope he ask the lord for forgiveness one day Tom Crean 11 : 16 pm I wish I could recruit like Cal and I wish Jerry Sandusky did n โ t get caught cause we had so much fun with them little boys in the shower . Ps I blew Christian Watford after he hit that shot . 12 : 41 am UK fans calling IU fans unclassy and acting like your fans are n โ t just as bad should read the above post . Thats what IU threads are littered with after every game we play by UK crazies . Become and then stay classy BBN . The RealHambone 12 : 45 pm Todd โฆ Dude settle down . You need to attend some more classes in the Indiana Public School System . You โ re speaking and writing skills leave much to be desired . I know you are trying to be insulting but you need to be at least semi - literate to be able to do that . Attend an Adult 1st Grade remedial class then come back and give it another try . 11 : 17 pm I heard from reliable sources that Tom Crean cut down the nets after he got a commitment from a 4 star top 60 player . smh The time 11 : 21 pm News & Views ? ? WildcatTerri 11 : 22 pm All fan bases have idiots . .but to take to social media and threaten an 18 yer old is just plain sick shame on all of you 12 : 43 am The exact same thing happened last week by your fans . Exactly the same thing ! Get off your high horse cattard . The ghost of Bill Hicks 11 : 22 pm 36 - Kentucky University ? KU ? You are clueless , Cleatus . RUPPS_rhetoric Some strong IU trolling here tonight . If only their basketball team played as hard as their fans troll , they might have a shot of sniffing an Elite Eight . Could you imagine what that popcorn box would look like ? ! ? ! KentuckyFan Telling a kid to tear his ACL ? It โ s not even 5pm and these hateful tweets are sent . Tweets early in the day like this only accumulate only after IU and UL fans hit their Meth pipes . $ 1.75 Tacos ? IU has won 1 Big Ten basketball title in 20 years . They have been to 1 Final Four in the last 20 years . They have lost 11 straight times to Wisconsin ( ? ) . They just got off NCAA probation . What basketball player could turn down ? We Hang Banners 12 : 48 am Everything that needs to be said . Jesse Pinkman to IU and UL fans 11 : 34 pm Back off our recruits BITCH ! ! pfife 11 : 34 pm I recently read that KY has 3 national titles since the hozers won their last back in the Reagan administration ( sometime between 1980 - 1988 ? ) Stay scrappy ! And thanks for basking in the reflected glory of a UK fansite . You โ re slavish envy of our elite program certainly justifies why you are n โ t worth playing . Have a great evening ! Wall2Cousins 11 : 36 pm Anyone see that 30 for 30 about Spike Lee and Reggie Miller โฆ .enough said โฆ .Indiana is the birth place of the KKK โฆ . .all that state is known for his hillbilly car racing and no talent ass clowns like Bobby Knight and that pathetic university that hang up banners for some silly claim to fame . 11 : 36 pm I โ m sure the same thing happened to all these classless Indiana fans that happened to Kevin Ware โ their accounts all got hacked . Very believable story bros . tippytoe 11 : 46 pm Agghhh , momma is a red flag . How can he have a 4.0 with a classy gum - chewer like that ? Stoon 11 : 52 pm Wow ! These Indiana โ people โ are obsessive . How creepy is it to stalk another teams fan site ? Lots of neck beards and Creanpers if you ask me . Lexington 3 12 : 11 am U mad , bros ? thetruth 12 : 23 am Both fans love their teams respectfully . Good Luck Tre from your home state โฆ Hooiser Nation . Now , honestly KU wins . But with equal talent ? Nope . No hater - aid but all the cheating / paying ( for player โ s ) they do KU should win the Championship every year . Do they ? No ! ! ! Horrible . Everyone though UNLV was crooks when they won . They were right . I love the college game . KU is killing the integrity , honor and purpose of the college game . Real 3 : 08 am Yeah Kansas is a buncha cheaters , right ? Chicken 4 : 26 am I thought IU was a blue blood school ? How the hell do the fans not know the difference between UK and KU ? Also , IU fans are n โ t allowed to take the moral high road when speaking about another program , considering the hoosiers just got off probation . 12 : 46 am Never been an Indiana Shame SI cover . Just saying . . We Hang Banners 12 : 51 am Eric Gordon ring a bell ? ? ? ? Uni Brow 12 : 49 am You Kentucky fans are sore losers ! You wo n โ t play us Hoosiers anymore since we buzzer beat your ass ! # wafford 12 : 53 am # Champs CATandMONKEY 7 : 54 am Ahem โฆ we HAVE played you since then . What was that result ? We offered to play you at neutral sites with a favorable schedule towards Indiana . You refused . We dont NEED to play IU . We have several far more interesting games against much better opponents on this year โ s schedule . ukcatncarolina 8 : 58 am Who is this # wafford you speak of ? Mc 12 : 51 am Some fun facts : Butler has been the best team in Indiana this century . Tom Crean is 84 - 82 as head coach at IU . The โ Big โ 10 has 1 championship since 1990 . There are 4 players from IU in the NBA : D.J. White , E . Gordon , Oladipo , and Zeller . Eric Gordon was one - and - done Jared Jeffries , a two - and - done was released prior to this season and has retired . IU fans on this board think Jeffries will struggle financially if he did n โ t graduate college . If Noah Vonleh leaves after his season , according to IU fans he cares about his education . Tom Crean recruited Peter Jurkin based on his name alone . Tom Crean recruited Marquis Teague . If Teague went to IU he would still be playing there because he cares about his education so much . trey 12 : 07 pm Peter Jurkin comment for the win ! Eric Gordon 1 : 02 am Hey , Mc . Yeah I was one - and - done . All the drugs our players were doing were a big distraction to me so I went pro . It really hurt our team . We โ re all good kids though that went to IU because of the education . I โ m not sure where all these drugs came from : http : / / www . insidethehall . com / 2008 / 12 / 17 / eric - gordon - confirms - it - drugs - pulled - last - years - team - apart / yollo 2 : 38 am Momma is hot ! ! I bet she knows what to do , too , unless I miss my guess . That woman would wear you out . iucansukabigblue . . . . . 3 : 13 am All these dumb โ Lil Cousin โ fans on our site โฆ Lol ! U I is irrelevant now , and was irrelevant in the 90 โ s . Most people under the age of 25 know nothing of them or their โ cute lil program โ . We are the mighty Wildcats ! . We should not even acknowledge these fools until they become relevant if ever again . . Stupid funny pant wearing fools . adam bouslog 4 : 23 am was the poor baby attacked ? dont commit to iu unless you mean it ! ( before i hear about jbj learn to spell ! also making good points would help . ) we dont like you anyway foo ! i take it from watching your mom in this interview that you didnt have the upbringing necessary to be a hoosier anyway ! enjoy your shitty life ! lmao ! Chicken 4 : 31 am Lyles just decided he did n โ t want to wear clown pants and play for a coach that kisses boys . Ha . Good luck this season , IU is going to need it . adam bouslog 4 : 26 am wildcats are happy as hell to get top recruits last few years โฆ . hard to believe john calipari left 2 of his former programs in recruiting violation shambles eyyyy ? enjoy all of your shitty lives ! lmao ! btw ill wear indiana gear in rupp if any of you want to trade and wear wildcat gear in assembly ! 4 : 29 am Wildcat fans wo n โ t have any reason to be in Assembly Hall anymore โฆ which is awesome . Alumni Gym 4 : 54 am Hey # 66 , here โ s a few fun FACTS for you . ( 1 ) John Calipari has never been accused or sanctioned for recruiting violations . 50 schools recruited Rose , and the NCAA cleared him twice . This was an eligibility issue , and not a recruiting violation . ( 2 ) Marcus Camby had contact with an agent late in the 1995 - 96 season . UMass and Calipari had nothing to do with it . In fact , once Calipari got wind of it after the season , he turned Camby in himself . Once again , this was an eligibility issue , and not a recruiting violation . ( 3 ) IU is 4 - 17 in the last 21 meetings with UK . Do n โ t think Kentucky is too scared of ol โ IU . ( 4 ) 2013 - 1987 = 26 years . Gee , I wonder what who talking about ? ( 5 ) And yes , wear your gear to Rupp if IU ever plays there again . I โ ll be willing to bet that you wo n โ t be cursed at constantly , have drinks thrown on you , get spit on , get pushed down steps , have your players nearly get trampled , or have your car vandalized . Alumni Gym 4 : 55 am Hey # 66 , here โ s a few fun FACTS for you . ( 1 ) John Calipari has never been accused or sanctioned for recruiting violations . 50 schools recruited Rose , and the NCAA cleared him twice . This was an eligibility issue , and not a recruiting violation . ( 2 ) Marcus Camby had contact with an agent late in the 1995 - 96 season . UMass and Calipari had nothing to do with it . In fact , once Calipari got wind of it after the season , he turned Camby in himself . Once again , this was an eligibility issue , and not a recruiting violation . ( 3 ) IU is 4 - 17 in the last 21 meetings with UK . Do n โ t think Kentucky is too scared of ol โ IU . ( 4 ) 2013 - 1987 = 26 years . Gee , I wonder what or who I โ m talking about ? ( 5 ) And yes , wear your gear to Rupp if IU ever plays there again . I โ ll be willing to bet that you wo n โ t be cursed at constantly , have drinks thrown on you , get spit on , get pushed down steps , have your players nearly get trampled , or have your car vandalized . iucansuckabigblue . . . . . 5 : 38 am When you have become irrelevant : Popular Culture 1987 Prozac makes its debut in the United States Televangelist Jim Bakker Scandal The Simpsons seen on TV for the first time British Government Stops Publication in Britain of Spycatcher Book Search for Nessie reveals no evidence after 1.6 million dollar investment Popular Films Three Men and a Baby Fatal Attraction Beverly Hills Cop II Good Morning , Vietnam The Untouchables Stakeout Lethal Weapon The Witches of Eastwick The Last Emperor Wall Street Dirty Dancing RoboCop And you could buy a Atari 7800 Pro System With Joysticks and Pole Position Game $ 79.99 Additional Games available include MS Pacman , Galaga , Xevious and Dig Dug Cartridges $ 11.99 These funny pant wearing trolls should not even be allowed on King Kentucky โ s site , much well historic basketball court . Katbluefan 6 : 45 am When you talk about Indiana U . then the only thing you can do is look at the Bully Bobby Knight that spent so many years there . It โ s in the minds of the people of Indiana U . to be bullies , drunks . That is one reason that KY did n โ t and want play in Bloomington . How do I know how these people are because I USED to have inlaws that lived close to Bloomington . I hope KY never goes back their because they do n โ t need Indiana like Indiana ManhattanHoosier 6 : 55 am Pathetic KSR . Is this the article you come up with to make everybody feel better about : 1 ) Losing James Blackmon 2 ) Being afraid to play Indiana 3 ) Losing in the NIT to Robert Morris 4 ) Having your stripper friend sprain her ankle 5 ) Having your stadium named after one of the biggest racists in the history of the game 6 ) Etc 7 ) Etc 8 ) Etc Keep Lyles โฆ . .I hope his Dad enjoys his new โ job โ . Best of luck in the NIT . OleSeven 9 : 41 am Your butt is sore as hell , son โฆ .HAHAHAAHAHAHAAHHAHAH โฆ Devin Booker 4 : 37 pm I โ m better than Blackmon anyway , no worries . gary 7 : 06 am wow โฆ โฆ . . # 69 wouldnt be a sore loser now would he ? tuxedo park 7 : 10 am Sure , we wanted Blackmon , but losing him is no big deal . We got a better SG . And then we got Lyles . And we โ ll get 1 - 2 players BETTER than Blackmon before it โ s all said and done . So we do n โ t get that bent out of shape . You Hoosiers throw a hissy fit because all your eggs are in one basket . And Creepy Crean is holding that basket , and he โ s probably naked with his junk tucked under like Buffalo Bob in Silence of Have fun this year . I saw some โ highlights โ of Indiana on the news the other day and they looked like a middle school team ! It โ s gonna be a LOOOONG year for you ! Thearmadillojackal 7 : 12 am Not suprising at all for IU fans . I work in Indiana and you can feel the hate they have for Kentucky โฆ which stems from several reasons : ( 1 ) we have owned them for three decades , ( 2 ) we take their recruits ( 3 ) we ended their โ were back โ team โ s season on our way to our 8th national championship ( 4 ) they havent won a championship since the 80s ( 5 ) for 20 years we have flourished while they have flatlined ( 6 ) IU is not a This lost is not exhaustive I am just tired of typing Crean up after U 7 : 16 am Gary , I agree . Ranked pre - season # 1 in 2012 , sports magazine cover darlings , and being highly ranked for a portion of 2013 โฆ โฆ then โฆ . Indiana CHOKED โฆ โฆ . .CHOKED โฆ โฆ . .CHOKED . Lord โ Mount โ - hattan - Loosier is making himself feel better by masking his program โ s inadequacies and deficiencies . His โ arena โ shall henceforth be known as : The almost - real championship Banner โ Hangar โ . In conclusion , our little neighbor to the north is indeed one sore Loosier . barn 8 : 02 am aaah โฆ โฆ nothing like the smell of hate in the morning . great post . love it . gonna be a great day . what i โ m gathering from these loosiers here this am is that boob nite univ would n โ t want our one and dones . what I do n โ t understand is why then do they recruit most of the same players that cal recruits ? CATandMONKEY 8 : 05 am The only reason Crean was ever even considered for any โ high profile โ coaching position : Wade . asdf 8 : 31 am How can IU fans โ stay classy โ . In order to stay classy , first you have to be classy . Glass Houses 9 : 04 am All of the misplaced chest thumping by bbn over Lyles is hilarious . Did any of you actually watch the presser ? In his explanation for why he chose UK , TL โ s answer had almost nothing to do with UK . It was all about the NBA and how quick he could get there . JC has definitely built a tradition during his tenure โ the tradition of 5 star recruits using uk for eight months of one year and leaving . uk โ s beloved tradition has morphed into a D - league shell game . Rupp " Glass Houses " does n ' t get it 11 : 48 am You just do n โ t get it do you ? Saying he and other one and done players are โ using โ UK does n โ t make any sense . For one , it โ s a mutual relationship in terms of โ using โ . UK uses them to win basketball games , and they use UK as a springboard into the NBA . Secondly , everyone who goes to college uses their school for something . If I went to Harvard Law , I would be using them as a stepping stone to get a great Glass Houses 12 : 52 pm It โ s clear that you did n โ t go to Harvard Law โ or probably much further than your GED โ given that your reading comprehension is so faulty and your comparison is so inane . At what point did I say that the using was n โ t โ mutal โ or that any of uk โ s players โ hated their surroundings โ ? Of course it is mutual , and should things work out as planned , both uk and the player stand to benefit from the arrangement . My post was in regard to Yeah . . . 4 : 52 pm If you want , I can critique your moronic post in a different way . Of course the reason he came here has to do with UK , you mouth breathing , shoe licking Hoosier . Last I checked , John Calipari was the coach here at UK . And what coach has proven to have the best record of getting people into the NBA quickly in the past 4 years ? I โ ll give you a hint , it โ s not Tom Crean . And you did n โ t have to explicitly state you do n Glass houses How is still not comprehending what is clearly written , doing anything different than you drooled your way through the first time ? I have n โ t implied anything you simpleton ; I clearly stated the point โ that was confirmed by TL at the presser , that his decision to go to uk was solely JC โ s track record with one and dones . Based on calipari โ s track record with 1&D โ s , if that โ s what TL wanted , he made a good decision that will be MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL for both parties bbr 9 : 13 am IU fans โ If you so despise what you call the one and done type player then why were you recruiting this player in the first place ? Its not that you or crean do n โ t want them โ you ca n โ t get them . KevinM 9 : 14 am Good thing Blackmon . Committed to IU โฆ .this would be a place to avoid if we ended up getting him also . Sure looks like people do n โ t like recruiting against Cal โฆ . 2020 9 : 24 am Tom Crean is ruining that program . Hoosierfan 1 9 : 32 am I personally believe all of this is a joke . This is an 18 year old kid , and all of these kids are between 17 - 23 . I would have loved to have had Trey stay with the Hoosiers , but he decided to go elsewhere and that should be that . The fans on this forum for both Kentucky and Indiana are proving to be terrible representatives of their schools . Thank goodness both schools are much classier than those who are โ attacking โ one another on this site . For the record , both of OleSeven 9 : 39 am I lived in Bloomington for 3 years while going to graduate school and I am not in the least surprised that Trey Lyles and his family would be attacked by IU fans . IU fans are nasty . If you are a visiting fan in Bloomington and you go to a sports bar before a game you will be verbally and potentially physically attacked . And it is interesting , because the intensity of IU fans is less about passion for the game than just pure alcoholism . Bloomington is a college town that is known for partying . If Facepalm 9 : 41 am I felt my IQ dropping as I read these comments . I โ m almost on par with the IU people now . rickshelton 10 : 03 am Please , BBN , do n โ t ever be like these IU fans ! If a kid picks another school then wish them the best and move on . If a kid is not sold on UK then they need to go elsewhere for their sake as well as UK . Take Wiggins for example . He is apparently an awesome player but if he ca n โ t handle going to the # 1 program in college basketball then he does n โ t need to be here . pr 10 : 19 am I live how fans wanna call people from kentucky inbred . Half of them are louisville fans but guess what you are from the state of kentucky you idiots . Trying to make lousville out to be a nice state . Plz . Thats why I watch first 48 all time and see louisville done something stupid again . I do n โ t mean bad towards the victims families by no means but I โ d rather be from knetucky then if you wanna say the two are different . Oh indiana well need no explaining . They are Terpsgo2001 10 : 22 am You mean like Kentucky fans attack EVERY recruit that does n โ t commit to them ? Give me a break . KENTUCKY on the moral high ground . LOL LOL LOL LOL LOL LOL LOL That โ s rich . UKfanNKY 10 : 27 am KY BASKETBALL WINS AGAIN SUCK IT UP ALL YOU OTHER LOSERS ! ! ! GET YOUR FACTS BEFORE YOU OPEN YOUR DUMB A $ $ MOUTHS ! ! GO CATS ! ! ! Mark 10 : 28 am Trey Lyles is a good kid . Unfortunately when you put yourselves out there on social media , freaks from everywhere will come out of the wood work . You know , like they do every time a kid does n โ t select Kentucky . His parents , on the other hand . Well , um โ it is hard to feel sorry for people that constantly have their hands out looking for something . I wonder why Crean stopped recruiting Lyles after his decommittment , but not James Blackmon . Who , of course โ recommitted to Indiana despite those nasty inbred fans and that terrible place in Bloomington . Hmmmmm . Think about it . It is n โ t very difficult to understand . It โ s not because Trey โ s not a good kid or player . Good luck to him . The sooner he can put his parents behind him , the better . He wo n โ t need hand outs like they do . Why 4 : 42 pm Why would it make sense for Lyle โ s parents to take money for their son โ s recruitment ? The kid is going to be a millionaire almost exactly a year after he graduates high school anyway . So unless they โ re just really , really desperate for cash now , what would be the benefit ? Broadwayfan 11 : 10 am If he wants to โ be somewhere โ until he can leave in a year to try for the NBA he โ s in the right place . If he wanted to learn skills , for life as well as basketball , build relationships on a team , and learn what it means to care about someone other than himself he would have chosen another school . Good luck to him . I โ ll stick with my team 100 % and the way our coach does things . Eric Gordon 11 : 38 am Remove the blinders . When I played at IU things must have been different . http : / / www . insidethehall . com / 2008 / 12 / 17 / eric - gordon - confirms - it - drugs - pulled - last - years - team - apart / I did n โ t learn many of these skills you โ re referring to . Now I come to KSR since I โ m a closet UK fan , and see that players give back to the community . I read stories about players visiting those in need at local hospitals . Then I read stories of how the team helped raise millions of dollars to help those in need . I also read stories of how current NBA players like John Wall and Cousins gave $ 1M each to local charities . Then I read how each player Sometimes it โ s hard for other โ s to remove the blinders I guess . RUPPS_rhetoric 11 : 10 am Matt , do n โ t forget Marion Berry IU Bob 12 : 15 pm Jeez people - both schools are excellent , as are their athletic programs , both towns are a blast and a kid ca n โ t really lose going either place - there can be a rivalry w / out all the childish crap - IndianaJosh 1 : 02 pm It โ s sad that fans would give the Lyles family a hard time . I โ m an IU fan and hate that some of our โ fans โ gave the kid a hard time . That โ s not right . Matt Jones , though , is not an innocent guy when it comes to making fun of minors . He posted a photo , or allowed a photo to be posted by his staff , on his site of Tom Crean โ s son and made fun of a teenager . No excuse for that . And โฆ I actually expect it from him because he has no ties to UK . He did n โ t go to school there and he went to Duke for Law School . Why do UK fans follow a guy who is more trey 1 : 06 pm We never made fun of the kid , just Daddy Crean . What grown man kisses his 15 ( ? ) year old son on the lips ? Thats really creepy man . And Matt has been a UK fan since he was a little kid . I โ m a die hard UK fan but went to Western KY University . Kentucky_lady 6 : 26 pm Speaking as someone who does n โ t go to UK for law school , the whole experience can be a bit of a bubble . You do n โ t really get into the undergrad side of things with going to games and such unless you went there for undergrad or need a break . I Athletic allegiances are largely built in undergrad , but Transylvania is n โ t exactly a support or die program . You can support Transy while having Division 1 allegiances . You choose a law school based on where that degree can take you . At least , that โ s how it is for me . I got into a law school that is higher ranked than UK and more importantly , has a decent employment rate not in a state tied to one industry . If you grow up a UK fan , you are a UK fan . Some schools are better at programs than others , or give you a better opportunity than others . Scholarships play a huge role as well . If you get into a top law school , especially with a scholarship like Matt did , that โ s where you go . You do n โ t let a basketball team dictate your career path . 1 : 28 pm Oh well . If IU gets brave enough to put Kentucky back on the schedule pretty soon , you might see Trey play . UKFanLivingInHooHooVille 2 : 13 pm To all the IU fans knocking a Kentucky education I have this to say . Just played a 3.5 tennis match at South Bend Racquet Club . One of the head male pros ( an IU grad ) could n โ t pronounce half our team โ s names . One of their ladies stood next to him and helped . Our first names are n โ t that difficult . I went to the Notre Dame football game against Navy . Told the man and his wife sitting next to me that ND has a great athletic program but ShakedemHatersoff 2 : 36 pm Why does all these damn Hoosier fans worry about us . Getting to be as bad as the loserville fan base . . So damn jealous it aint even funny . .Freakin ridiculous that you have to be on our websites because your fan base is a freakin joke and do n โ t have any criteria to speak of . .Get a life ! Joe Derringer 3 : 33 pm Trey definitely made a very good choice when he chose Kentucky . Calipari knows that being a one - n - done is a good choice for any kid who has the desire and ability to go pro . Many coaches will selfishly hold players back to improve their own win record . Claipari knows that if a player is ready after one year , he should go pro . Where else is he going to make millions ? And why hang around and risk serious or debilitating injury ? A player should follow their dreams and I respect Calipari therealbbn 3 : 43 pm The real BBN is UNC Yeah . . . 4 : 47 pm Sure , if that makes you feel better , then that โ s fine . Why so Serious 3 : 50 pm Why does opposing fans read UK blogs and then complain ? ? ? Read your own blogs and quit wishing you were rooting for someone else ! Go Big Blue 6 : 02 pm It is really sad to read some of these comments from both sides . Enjoy the season ! Relax and do n โ t worry about what other programs are doing . Go Big Blue and respect to the other programs . KT 6 : 08 pm Wow , I posted on this for the twitter comments yesterday . What โ s with all of the trolls on this site man ? I could n โ t even tell you what the equivalent of this site is for UofL or IU fans because I โ ve never been there . I get on here to keep up with news on my team and comment with other UK fans , you know , the PURPOSE of a fan site . To all of the IU and UL trolls are your lives really so sad that you watch opposing Go Cats . Beat Mizzou on Saturday ! Looking forward to hoops season too , I think this team is going to be pretty awesome to watch . I expect they will lose a couple early , probably Michigan State plus one SEC game early in conference play but outside of that I just do n โ t see it . It โ s gonna be a good year BBN . C . . .A . . . .T . . . .S . . . .CATS ! 6 : 53 pm Let โ s see โฆ Trey Lyles commits to Indiana University as a H.S. Freshman โฆ Trey Lyles de - commits from Indiana University as a H.S. Junior ? โฆ Now , after Trey announces he is coming to the University of Kentucky to play basketball , we hear from Mrs . Lyles that Trey and their family were attacked during the previous 2 - years โฆ because of Trey โ s decision to retract his decision to attend IU ? ? Hmmm โฆ it โ s all โ adding up โ โฆ I wonder if Trey Lyles and his family were attacked by someone swinging a โ bull whip โ ? Or Perhaps โฆ a person โ throwing chair โ at him ? NO ! NO ! โฆ I bet Trey Lyles was attacked by someone who โ head butted โ or โ body bumped โ him ? Even after all these years โฆ a small portion of our neighbors to the north west continue to exhibit the same โ General โ ( as in KNIGHT ) traits of behavior โฆ It โ s too bad such a beautiful university as IU , continues to have a small group of fan โ s who smear the reputations of an โ over all โ great fan base . Of course โฆ we in Kentucky ca n โ t throw stones either โฆ we have our own small portion of pathetic fans in this state as well โฆ we call them CARDINAL FANS โฆ On โฆ On โฆ U OF K โฆ . Al 7 : 28 pm Quote from a coach , who is a very reliable source . โ It โ s not a very believable family . It โ s a shame because I do like Trey a lot . I โ ve just never known a family with their hand out as much as their has been . โ Ryan 8 : 24 pm Where โ s the proof of alleged โ attacks โ ? That interview provides no backup to allegations of attacks . Provide some proof before you slander iu ! KT 10 : 53 pm Hey troll , a lie from people in a discussion board like this would be libel . Slander is spoken . If you are going trolling at least be accurate . If the mom and the kid said they were attacked but chose not to press charges I will take them at their word because what do they really have to gain ? Objectively he and his mom both sound like pretty good folks and I had heard nothing except how awesome of a kid he was both academically and athletically from my two IU friends at work . Did that suddenly change because he picked UK over you guys ? Now there are tweets about how sketchy the family is from you guys . It โ s like you โ I guess that most of us Kentucky folks are n โ t all that surprised by her comments ( i.e. not our first rodeo with IU fans ) . Oh my ! you mean that IU fans may have been hateful and crossed the line ? ! Seriously , I do n โ t care all that much and would just assume the story die rather than get you guys more riled up than you already are over this kid / family . Some of you still worship one of the most hateful men I โ ve ever heard talk Diana 9 : 59 pm If these talented guys wanted to play for IU , do you think they would be rejected if they said that they hoped to go on to the NBA the next year ? Any player if they are really good / talented , whether they play @ UCLA , Iowa State , KY , IU etc . would not turn down the opportunity to go to the NBA . Do you think that the IU or North Carolina or any coach only want players that will finish school & play 4 yrs ? Because Ky has such a dynamic program Glass houses 11 : 43 pm You clearly do n โ t have a grasp on the situation . Let โ s break this down for you . 1 . All coaches would indeed like to have players for more than one year โ this includes jc , who is on record as saying that he is not a fan of 1&D . 2 . 99 % of the 5 star recruits that list uk , do so for one reason โ calipari . Is that a bad thing ? Of course not , but it is laughable when bbn tries to spin the situation for the sake of their collective self - esteem , that it โ s because uk has a โ dynamic program โ with โ great tradition โ . . How many # 1 classes did uk get before jc ? How many will they get when he โ s gone ? Mark 12 : 05 am How much crack did she get from coach cal to accuse iu fans of threatening their family . Ridiculous . Hit the rocks and wait for that pay day once your son gets drafted . Crackwhore Walter Thomas 1 : 41 am While you guys are talking about education โฆ it is not what is top priority for a kid who is top20 recruit and can take out a 4 million dollar insurance policy in case of sports injury . Never too late to learn , your body only stays young for a small window . That being said I think our kids are being led by Cal to do what is best for their careers . Christina 11 : 50 am Wow ! ! All I can say is Wow ! ! I love being part of this AWESOME BBN NATION ! ! ! I ca n โ t believe how many followers we have from other fan bases โฆ I bet all these UofK haters also hate the Yankees it โ s hard for most to accept the greatness of such a successful program , all they can do is Hate ! ! If they are not hating then we would n โ t be doing something right โ Success comes with haters โ On another note I would like to say as a wildcat fan I โ m not too thrilled with the 1 and done system . I like to get know our players and have that emotional feeling on senior day ( Darius Miller , Josh Harrelson ) . I want the players to respect the name on the jersey and have that deep desire to play for the cats ( Jared Polson ) but I also understand that people go to college to prepare them for their future careers โฆ With that being said these guys have known they have M 12 : 10 pm I am just trying to understand why Trey โ s mommy cant stop chewing gum in front of a camera ? Rick 12 : 51 pm It never ceases to amaze me the crap that all fan bases from all schools send out when something does not go their way . I am an IU fan and I wish nothing but the best for Trey , he is a very fundamentally & technically sound player . His biggest negative is his athleticism , but I his positives will overcome that . The good thing about fan bases is that the vast majority of fans get it and it is the extreme minority that ca n โ t control the ignorance that they write on websites . Rod Milbourn 1 : 17 pm Attacked by whom ? If it is the Staff and leadership of IU , then that validates a reason to talk about this . If fans , students or general public ? ? Not worth mentioning . This world is crazy with running off with the mouth in all of our lives with media so available . People do n โ t respect other peoples business because these days what used to be said in privacy now goes out all over the world . People , weigh your comments and criticisms on all sides of the fence . kevgood 1 : 32 pm by โ attacked โ she means her husband was called out for demanding a job as payment for the commitment . 1 : 59 pm Tre should Decommit from UK ! ! ! ! Mike96 4 : 01 pm If he is a 4.0 student and focusing hard on academics why would he not go to a top academic school like Vanderbilt or Stanford ? Top students usually consider schools like UK or Louisville โ safety schools . โ in case they are not accepted by their first choice schools . He is not going to get drafted any higher playing for UK if he really is as talented a projected . Michael Shearer 4 : 03 pm So he โ s going to UK . So what ? There are other players out there . I.U. will get along fine without him . He โ s just another basketball player . I.U. will get their share . Tom Winn 4 : 41 pm Guess his daddy finally got his payday . Also there is no room for kentuckians to talk about class . They think that is something at school , and they do n โ t see a lot of that . jay 6 : 08 pm Why are you all fighting like this ? We are neighbors for God sake ! Heck half of the people in Indiana came from KY . We should be good neighbors and support one another as we are both in the mid west . Yeah , Indiana is upset for this kid picking KY over Indiana , but life goes on . Please , people from Indiana stop acting like this as your giving us a bad . name . I my self hate to see players not finish school . I wishes they had a rule stopping players from entering the NBA without four years of school . I feel that it โ s not fare to us fans that have a favorite team to see this kids leave early . I used to think that a kid choose a school to play for to get his education and to win a championship . But it โ s turned into โ it โ s all about me โ program and the all mighty dollar ( the root of all evil ) . Dennis 10 : 11 pm Massachusetts , Memphis , Kentucky . Its just a matter of time ! | [
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http://kenyahighcom.org.uk/visas-2/ | Visas Visas Further to our earlier notice that all visa applications be submitted online as from 1st September 2015 , it was reviewed and decided that both the manual and online visa processing systems will run concurrently . Visa processing takes 3 working days . Kindly note that the visa processing fees are nonrefundable and non - transferable Consequently , visitors can now obtain visas by applying ; 1 . Online through e - visa website ( Single Entry , Transit and Courtesy Only ) 2 . At the Kenya High Commission 3 . At Ports of Entry on arrival in Kenya The following categories of visas are issued at the Mission ; Single Entry ( Tourists / Visitor / Business ) Diplomatic Visa Transit Visa Multiple entry Visa East Africa Tourist Visa Single Entry ( Tourists / Visitor / Business ) Duly filled application form . Click to download A national passport ( original and copy ) that is valid for at least six ( 6 ) months and has two ( 2 ) blank pages One passport UK standard sized photograph taken on white background and within the last six months Visa processing fee of ยฃ 30.00 payable by card ( for those applying in person ) or by Postal Order / Bankers Cheque ( for postal applications ) . Flight itinerary and ticket . A certified self - addressed stamped envelope for the return of your passport ( s ) ( for postal applications ) . The envelope should have sufficient return postage . A copy of UK Resident Permit or work permit / student visa for non British passport holders . A letter from the company ( in case of a business trip ) Minors ( under 18 ) travelling on their own require written consent from either parent . A business Visa allows you to attend conferences , workshops , seminars or discussions BUT does not allow you to work in Kenya . 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Requirements Visa Application Form ( Form 22 ) duly filled , signed and dated ; One passport UK standard sized photograph taken on white background and within the last six months ; Proof of at least three ( 3 ) previous visits to Kenya ( Copies of visas ) ; A national passport ( original and copy ) that is valid for at least one ( 1 ) year and has two ( 2 ) blank pages ; Visa processing fee of ยฃ 60.00 payable by card ( for those applying in person ) or by Postal Order / Bankers Cheque ( for postal applications ) . N / B : Passports should be valid for at least 6 months from the date of intended entry into Kenya . 6 . A letter from the applicant / host / employer detailing the need for multiple entries ; N / B : The letter from the host / employer should indicate the relationship to the applicant and be on a company letterhead where applicable . All applications letters should be addressed as : The High Commissioner , Kenya High Commission , 45 Portland Place London , W1B 1AS Attn : Consular & Visa Section 7 . Applicants applying for visa to visit spouses in Kenya should avail : Copy of marriage certificate Copy of Passport / National ID of spouse Copy of residence / work permit for spouse if not Kenyan 8 . Applicants applying for visa to visit their children schooling in Kenya should include : Copy of Child โ s birth Certificate Copy of Child โ s passport Copy of child โ s student / pupil pass 9 . Non - British Citizens should provide applicant โ s copy of UK residence in addition to the above ; and submit all applicable documents in triplicate 10 . Any other document as may be required and are applicable to specific applicants . Note : Minors ( under 18 ) travelling on their own require written consent from either parent . For Postal Application provide a certified self - addressed prepaid special delivery envelope for the return of your passport ( s ) . Transit ( allows for a short stop - over or overnight only ) A national passport ( original and copy ) that is valid for at least six ( 6 ) months and has two ( 2 ) blank page Duly filled application form . One passport UK standard sized photograph taken on white background and within the last six months Postal order or Bankers Cheque made payable to the โ Kenya High Commission โ in the amount of ยฃ 10.00 . Flight itinerary . A certified self - addressed stamped envelope for the return of your passport ( s ) ( for postal applications ) . The envelope should have sufficient return postage . Note : Minors ( under 18 ) travelling on their own require written consent from either parent . East African visas ( Kenya , Uganda and Rwanda only ) Allows for Multiple Entry for tourists , to the Republic of Kenya , Uganda and Rwanda . The visa is valid for 90 days from the date of issue . A duly filled up application forms . A national passport ( original and copy ) that is valid for at least six ( 6 ) months and has two ( 2 ) blank pages Visa processing fee of ยฃ 65.00 payable by card ( for those applying in person ) or by Postal Order / Bankers Cheque ( for postal applications ) . One clear coloured passport size photos with white background taken within the last six months , taken without glasses , caps , scarf . Flight itinerary and Hotel bookings / details about places to visit if going as tourist Note : This visa is for tourist purposes only ( no work is permitted ) and can not be extended . Furthermore , applicants from countries that are on referral shall apply for the East Africa visa from the Mission whose Government has referral requirements . The holder of the East Africa tourist visa issued by the Mission shall enter through Kenya and move to either Uganda or Rwanda and return to Kenya without having to apply or pay for another visa within a period of 90 days . NB : Visa applications without complete requirements will not be processed . Please ensure all the requirements are met . Applicants should allow 2 business days to process visa applications . For walk - ins , applicants can use debit cards for payments . For more information on visa application and visa categories based on nationalities , please visit www . immigration . go . ke This website provides comprehensive details on all immigration services provided by the Department of Immigration of Kenya in Nairobi including but not limited to work permit , passes , citizenship , other immigration services and frequently asked questions ( F . A . Qs ) Visa applicants who intend to undertake an internship / placement and volunteer work in Kenya are further required to liaise with their host organizations / companies in Kenya to make application for the appropriate authorization to the Director of Immigration Services ( P.O. Box 30191 , Nairobi . Telephone + 254 - 222022 ) prior to their engagement in the respective attachments . PLEASE NOTE : PROHIBITED ITEMS AT THE KENYA HIGH COMMISSION CHANCERY The Kenya High Commission wishes to inform all our esteemed visitors that BAGS are NOT permitted into the Chancery whilst Handbags may be subject to search at the entrance . Persons carrying these items will be denied access to the Mission . The use of mobile phones , cameras and other video recording devices is strictly forbidden . Visitors are advised to switch off their electronic devices at the entrance of the Mission . | [
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"Leaf Media Solution"
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http://keranews.org/post/newer-method-check-heart-blockage | Newer Method To Check For Heart Blockage By Sam Baker Feb 20 , 2012 In a KERA Health Checkup , a look at how doctors access an artery to check your heart for suspected blockage . It โ s called percutaneous coronary intervention or PCI . Most doctors go in through the hip or groin . But a growing number are choosing to access the wrist area instead . Sam Baker talked about this with Dr . Joshua Jacobi of Methodist Mansfield Medical Center . Dr . Jacobi : Transfemoral approach is gaining access from the femoral artery located next to the hip . The transradial approach is gaining approach to the radial artery , which is located next to the thumb in the wrist area . And the reason this approach is gaining popularity is because of less complications from a vascular standpoint , particularly with bleeding . And patients actually prefer it ; it โ s much more comfortable . Typically after a heart catheterization , from a femoral approach , most patients have to lay on their back for several hours . Sam : We โ re talking about inserting a stent , right ? Dr . Jacobi : Well , we gain access with a sheath . It โ s a plastic tube about the length of a pen , but much thinner โ obviously to fit into the radial artery โ and then we take plastic tubes about the width of an I - V , if you will , and then we take pictures with contrast dye . And so , basically , a moving x - ray picture of the arteries of the heart . And if someone has a blockage that โ s suitable for opening with a stent , Sam : We โ re talking about people with a blockage or those suspected of having blockage ? Dr . Jacobi : Yes , that โ s correct . Sam : In such cases , could the conditions leading to this procedure have been avoided ? Dr . Jacobi : Most definitely . The atherosclerotic process actually starts taking place usually in our late teens , early 20s . Sam : This is the process of , what , plaque building up in our arteries ? Dr . Jacobi : That โ s correct . And it typically consists of poor diet , genetics , hypertension , diabetes , bad cholesterol , so all the traditional risk factors for heart disease . But the process builds up over decades , if you will . Sam : So there are things you could avoid through diet , exercise , etc . ? Dr . Jacobi : Those are the most simple things to do , but sometimes the hardest things to do . Sam : The procedure is not new to the United States , but it has been used in Europe more than it has here ? Dr . Jacobi : In countries like France , approximately over 90 percent of cardiac catheterizations are done from a transradial approach . But it โ s been gaining more popularity in the U.S . Sam : Why the delay of the use of more use of that procedure in the U.S. ? Dr . Jacobi : Several factors . One , most training programs emphasize a transfemoral approach . So , for instance , in my training , I did a lot of my procedures from a transfemoral approach . Now I did have training in using a transradial approach as well . There is a steep learning curve to it to get really good at the technique , but when you see that you have less complications , it actually feeds upon itself in the fact you โ re always the best thing you can for patients , you can always Sam : So this has more to do with the training of doctors here than it does with any federal regulations or anything like that . Dr . Jacobi : Yes . Also , sometimes it โ s a hard habit to break . You โ ve learned one way . You โ ve done a thousand procedures one way , you โ re not under any particular pressure to change your ways . I mean the transfemoral approach is a good approach . It โ s very rare you have complications . They โ re uncommon , but they do occur . Sam : I listen to you with this approach , transradial , transfemoral , stents , catheters โ forms of angioplasty . I โ m just curious , overall , what has this done to reduce the need for open heart surgery ? Dr . Jacobi : If you look at stent use in the United States , it โ s gone up , up and up , especially since it came out , and the need for open heart surgery has markedly decreased . And if you look at mortality for heart disease , it โ s one of the few diseases we have where mortality has actually decreased over time . Dr . Joshua Jacobi is a cardiologist with Methodist Mansfield Medical Center . For more information : http : / / www . webmd . com / heart - disease / treatment - angioplasty - stents http : / / www . mayoclinic . com / health / angioplasty / MY00352 http : / / www . nhlbi . nih . gov / health / health - topics / topics / stents / http : / / www . theheart . org / article / 1306043 . do Tags : heart disease angioplasty | [
"Newer Method",
"Heart Blockage",
"KERA Health Checkup"
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http://kerrisdalegallery.com/print/robert-wilson-cliffs-and-lake-diptich-right-side/ | โ Previous Next โ wilson โ Cliffs And Lake , diptich Right side ( sold ) Clicking on each image will provide a larger view . Cliffs And Lake by Robert Wilson , diptich Right side , Austin Gallery and Publishing โ offset lithograph fine art poster print TITLE : Cliffs And Lake , diptich Right side ( SOLD ) CREATED : 1980 ' s circa ARTIST : Robert Wilson ( American , Contemporary ) PRICE : $ 48.00 ( $ CDN ) STOCK ID : WR102pv IMAGE SIZE ( h x w ) : 32 x 23.75 inches | 81 x 60.25 cm SHEET SIZE ( h x w ) : 36 x 24 inches | 92 x 61.25 cm CONDITION : Image : vertical scratch marks lower left , otherwise excellent ; Margins : slightest handling marks on edges COPYRIGHT & PUBLISHER : Robert Wilson / Austin Gallery and Publishing ABOUT THE ORIGINAL WORK AND OTHER INFORMATION , AS PRINTED IN MARGIN : Robert Wilson ( printed in bottom margin of diptich , Left side ) , Austin Gallery and Publishing ( printed in bottom margin of diptich , Right side ) , GALLERY NOTES : There is a set of two prints in this diptich " Cliffs And Lake " When hung side by side , the two images synchronize . Cliffs And Lake , stock ID # WR101pv = Left side Cliffs And Lake , stock ID # WR102pv = Right side This collectible art print is categorized as shown below . Click on the red links below to see more art in these categories . by Artist : 1900s American R Robert Robert Wilson W Wilson by Collection : Contemporary Impressionism Landscapes Modern Mountains & Cliffs Waterscapes by Shape : Vertical by Image Size : Large by Art Mediums : Colour Image on Paper Diptich Fine Art Graphic Reproduction Not Framed Offset Lithograph Open Edition Poster Signed in Plate This entry was posted by Kerrisdale Gallery . Bookmark the permalink | [
"Cliffs And Lake",
"Robert Wilson"
] |
http://kerrvilletravelinc.com/ | Kerrville Travel Inc Exotic tropical island vacations luxury and adventure cruises romantic getaways honeymoon packages safaris and tours You need a vacation and were here to help you find the perfect trip Browse or search through our site which is filled with the most comprehensive and uptodate specials available to see the wide variety of trips we offer and then contact us so we can help you narrow in on the perfect trip Were looking forward to making your next trip a memorable and enjoyable one so contact us today and get packing Vacations Tours Cruise Line Destination Duration Date Max Price Departure Keyword Promotions Only Sort By United States Jamaica Cayman Islands Mexico Cuba From 44900 USD Departs 172019 | [
"Exotic tropical island vacations",
"variety of trips"
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http://keseed.com/sidedressing-soybeans | Blog Sidedressing soybeans Aaron July 2 , 2012 Soybean agronomic Soybean genetic That โ s correct . This is a picture of sidedressing soybeans with 28 % ( the bar is nearly hidden ) . It takes about 4 lbs of nitrogen to produce 1 bushel of soybeans , and approx 1 lb for a bushel of corn . Fortunately , soybeans produce their own N . However , theory has it , there is a point when a soybean plant can not produce enough on its own . So supplying more nitrogen โ should โ provide a yield bump . Timing is very critical . If it is applied too soon Also , a shot of 27 - C4 ( left ) and 92Y75 ( right ) . Height and width advantage for the Y75 in this side - by - side . Charcoal rot and spider mites could be potential issues in this dry season . | [
"Sidedressing soybeans"
] |
http://kevinmccainstudios.com/use-watercolor-mediums/ | Why and How to Use Watercolor Mediums By Kevin McCain | Published December 14 , 2014 Watercolor using Distilled water and Mediums So with watercolor painting for some reason there is a lot of misinformation out there and other information that is completely lacking . Three of the most misunderstood subjects is using watercolor mediums and the use of distilled water vs . tap water . Let โ s start with using distilled water to thin your paints . I have heard the rumors that using distilled water is superior to using tap water since I began watercolor painting back in high school . I have continued to hear it over the 20 or so years since then . I finally broke Watercolor Mediums Why and How to Use them Gum Arabic Most watercolors contain a portion of gum arabic . It has the consistency of honey or light corn syrup it is used as a binder for watercolor paints . As a medium gum arabic increases the gloss and transparency of watercolors . Gum Arabic also helps slow down the drying time of paint giving you more time to work with you washes . How to Use it : Never use gum arabic straight out of the bottle . Always use it with water . At the very least use a small water resevoir with 8 oz water about 20 drops of Gum arabic . I also will sometimes use Gum arabic in my main painting water . Then you just use your water the same as you would if it did n โ t have gum arabic . Something to be aware of if you use gum arabic your paint will lift off the paper more easily , so if you plan to use several layers of colors Ox Gall Liquid Ox gall increases the wetting properties and flow of watercolors with a few drops to your painting water . The colors will soften and blend together easier . The medium can be useful for โ marbling โ or creating textures . It will also set your colors into the paper and make them harder to lift . If you want to create paintings with several color layers ox gall is the way to go . How to Use it Using about 8 oz of water add 10 drops ox gall liquid . Use the medium to wet the paper for wet into wet or wet into semi wet techniques painting techniques . This entry was posted in Watercolor Painting Tips Oil Painting : How to Buy the Right Colors 5 Most Common Drawing Mistakes 12 Comments Sally Milligan October 15 , 2016 at 2 : 06 pm Do you have any information on gel mediums to mix with water before using either watercolour or gouache ? I โ m going to the Antarctic and have been told a gel medium is useful . Many thanks Reply Kevin McCain November 1 , 2016 at 10 : 45 pm I am sorry I have n โ t worked in freezing temperatures with watercolor . I am not aware of a specific gel to use while working in extreme temperatures . Reply Laura K Larsen August 23 , 2017 at 12 : 46 am I would love to hear how it was to paint there . Angela Pistrucci December 25 , 2018 at 12 : 57 am In very cold temperatures add a small amount of alcohol to the water . cheers Angela Pistrucci Imajean Specklemier October 30 , 2017 at 9 : 08 pm I just wanted to add to your discussion of tap vs distilled water . Unlike you I do n โ t think I โ ve ever known any artist to say that using distilled is superior in as far as how it makes their artwork better or worse . The only reason I โ ve heard to use distilled over tap is to avoid mold on the palette . This especially true when the watercolors contain honey . Some home tap water ( and / or old piping systems ) contain forms of bacteria not harmful to humans , but November 1 , 2017 at 3 : 36 am I appreciate you pointing this out . I believe it helps forward the discussion . My palette is flat without color reservoirs so my colors dry out in few hours instead of being wet for days so I never have personally had problems with mold . I do however , know people that paint in watercolor every day using a palette with paint reservoirs and the colors are always wet or moist and so I have seen mold grow when this is the case . I was unaware that distilled water helped thank you for the tip . Karen Totten July 2 , 2018 at 10 : 05 pm It also depends on the tap water in your area . Where I live in Florida , there is a something that turns sidewalks and streets rust red from outdoor sprinkling with tap water ( we installed a well for this purpose to avoid the discoloration ) . Must be iron ? Anyway , it makes me leery of using it in mixing my ceramic glazes . And equally , for any water used in painting . Maria February 14 , 2018 at 4 : 10 pm Hi , I find this thread very helpful . I โ ll be moving to the Middle East soon and I โ m concerned about drying times when living in the desert . I would like to know what mediums can I try to slow down drying times . Would gum arabic or ox gall help ? I would appreciate any feedback on this regard Thank you very much ! Maria Shelley March 18 , 2018 at 6 : 33 pm Hi there ! I believe Kevin covered both of those mediums in another question above . Looks like they would but have very different properties so I โ d read it if I were you . Good luck ! March 26 , 2018 at 1 : 37 am Thank you for you comment Sarah December 16 , 2018 at 7 : 07 pm Where can you find gum Arabic for this purpose ? Is there a particular brand you recommend ? December 20 , 2018 at 8 : 23 pm There are a couple of places online like JerrysArtarama . com or Utrechutrechtart . com , dickblick . com as well as many other online art supply companies . Winsor and Newton make gum arabic for watercolorists to buy and use with water as a medium . You will also be able to find ox gall as well . I hope that helps . | [
"Watercolor",
"paintings"
] |
http://keydifferences.com/difference-between-atm-card-and-debit-card.html | Difference Between ATM card and Debit card November 28 , 2014 By Surbhi S 5 Comments An ATM card is a payment card , issued to the customers on request by the bank , that facilitates a customer to access automated teller machine and withdraw money any time . On the other hand , debit card is one that enables the cardholder to make electronic transfer of funds from the account associated with the card , while making a purchase . Nowadays , it is quite gruesome to carry a lot of money with us and also the fear of getting it robbed by the thieves , has forced people to keep a larger portion of their savings into the banks . There are a number of changes in the international trade , banking and finance on the grounds of recent and major breakthrough in the information communication and technology . Banks across the country are proceeding towards e - banking , so as to provide better solutions to their customers and clients , by providing innovative products and services such as Internet banking , Mobile banking , ATM , Debit and Credit card . Now , take a read of the given article to learn the differences between ATM card and Debit card . Content : ATM card Vs Debit card Comparison Chart Definition Key Differences Similarities Conclusion Comparison Chart Basis for Comparison ATM card Debit card Meaning ATM card is issued by a bank to allow a customer to withdraw money from his account through the Automated Teller Machine ( ATM ) any time he wants . Debit card is issued by a bank to allow its customers to purchase goods and services by making the payment through a card with the help of a swiping machine . Functions ATM card has less function as compared to a Debit card . Debit card has many functions . Deduction from account Whenever you withdraw money from the ATM , the amount gets deducted from the related account . Whenever you make a payment for the goods and services through a card , the amount is deducted from the account linked to the card . Uses Balance statement , deposits , withdrawals , transfer of funds , can be done . Balance statement , deposits , online payment and purchases can be done . Logo ATM card usually has Maestro or Cirrus or Plus logo . Debit card usually has Master or Visa logo . Definition of ATM card ATM card is a card made up of plastic , issued by the bank , contains the necessary details about the bank account of the customer . The bank allows its customer to withdraw money at any time with the use of the card through an Automated Teller Machine . For the convenience of the public , the bank has made this facility available to its users 24 hours a day . ATM card serves the general purposes of withdrawals , balance inquiry through a mini - statement facility and deposits through a procedure . It is also to be noted that whenever you use the ATM for any purpose , the bank sends an alert message to your mobile , confirming that your ATM card has been used . This message helps you to cross - check that the transaction is made by you and not by some unauthorized user . Definition of Debit card A debit card is a card made up of plastic , issued by a bank to make a payment for the purchase of goods or services at any time . This facility can be availed by any customer having a bank account . Through a Debit card , the customer can make an online payment or the payment through EFTPOS ( Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale ) . He can also check the account balance and transfer the funds to the account of any other account holder . The Debit card is very well supplemented with the mobile banking service ; that helps the customer to get the notifications regarding the transaction made , on his mobile phone . Key Differences Between ATM card and Debit card The ATM card is issued by the bank to allow its customer to have an access to the ATM any time to withdraw money while the Debit card is issued by the bank to allow its customers to purchase goods and services by making the payment through a card . The ATM card does not provide the service of Internet banking , whereas the Debit card can be used for the online transactions . Normally ATM card consists of the logo Maestro or Cirrus or Plus , while Master or Visa is encrypted on the face of the debit card . The significant difference between the two is that the Debit card holder can make a payment at the shops and the shopping mall through his card , but the ATM card lacks such facility . Similarities Both are made up of plastic . Both allows the facility of balance inquiry . An alert message is sent to the customer when the card is used . The PIN must be entered when you use the card . Issued by the bank or a financial institution The Bank charges a nominal fee for the use of the card . Conclusion ATM card and Debit card both have made our lives much easier , as there is no need to carry hefty cash in our pockets . Also , the banks had opened ATM โ s in various places , including the remote locations which allow you to withdraw funds at any time . Apart from this , the inter - banking network is so strong that enables a customer to use any other bank โ s ATM to draw money . On the other hand , Debit card also offers several facilities as discussed above . Nowadays , ATM cum Debit card is also provided by the banks , which provides both types of facilities to its customers . Filed Under : Banking | [
"Difference",
"ATM card",
"Debit card"
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http://keyshiakaoir.com/bio/ | Bio Watch The KA โ OIR Story from The Start โฆ Watch the Inspiring โ BUILDING The BRAND โ Video Series 1 / 6 # BTB3 - KEYSHIA KA ' OIR - BUILDING THE BRAND : PART 3 ( @ KeyshiaKaoir ) Watch later Share Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . 0 : 00 24 : 21 KEYSHIA KA โ OIR previously Keyshia Dior ) is a model , actress , stylist & entrepreneur extraordinaire . She is the owner and CEO of KA โ OIR , a bold new cosmetics company founded in 2011 . The KA โ OIR COSMETICS line embodies Keyshia โ s confident attitude and is widely recognized for its bright , vibrant lipstick and makeup shades that clearly โ stand out from the rest โ . KEYSHIA KA โ OIR & the KA โ OIR Cosmetics Brand have been seen and featured in celebrity fashion , beauty events , music videos and worldwide media outlets including MTV BET Rip The Runway New York Fashion Week 106 & PARK VIBE GLAMOUR , CBS , IN STYLE Power 105 , Shade 45 , IMATS Los Angeles 2012 & 2013 โฆ even an Exclusive KA โ OIR Ad Spot / Television Commercial on Vh1 , BRAVO , STYLE Network , E ! TV and more . ( View More Credits Originally a Miami - based celebrity stylist with Jamaican roots , got her modeling start in late 2009 when Director Paul Coy Allen cast her for a starring role as โ Lisa โ , the jealous ex - wife in the Timbaland & Drake mini - movie / music video , โ Say Something โ . Soon after , the hustler and model known as โ Keyshia Dior โ , embarked on a 2010 whirlwind push which led to modeling features in countless music videos , covers on several national magazines and culminated with winning nationwide recognition as the 2010 XXL Magazine Model of the Year As a model , โ โ used every experience as a learning opportunity for both personal and professional growth . After a outstanding 2010 , she succeeded in solidifying her personal brand as a model and fashion trendsetter known for her smile , hair and edgy style โฆ . . But โ Keyshia Dior โ had MORE in store ! โฆ . After realizing she was still โ hand - making โ the popular โ blue lipstick โ she was known for , the budding businesswoman decided to follow her entrepreneurial spirit and answer the call of her fans by commercially creating an exclusive assortment of bright colored lipsticks for herself & her loyal # DiorDoll fanbase So in 2011 , the growing mogul known as formally changed her name to โ to stand behind her brand and launch the vibrant new makeup company โฆ . KA โ OIR COSMETICS . Keyshia โ s original goal was to to bring together women of all shades and all complexions with a cosmetic line that embodied her confidence and featured a stunning array of colors . The fun KA โ OIR makeup colors soon become a beautiful complement to ANY confident woman who had the strength to be herself and work hard for the dreams she believed in . In 2012 , the infectious reach of the KA โ OIR COSMETICS Brand began to rapidly expand , garnering attention and sales from a host of celebrities , fans , supporters and new KA โ OIR Doll customers worldwide . Initially starting with ONLY 12 lipsticks , the KA โ OIR Cosmetics line now includes numerous new bold lipsticks ( see โ KA โ OIR Force S.T.O.P Pool Party ) , EXCLUSIVE Fabulous KA โ OIR GLITZSTICKS , Nail Lacquers ( Polish ) , Lip Pops ( Gloss ) , Eye Shadow and Makeup Primer in a variety of both edgy and traditional shades at www . KAOIR . com In impressive โ boss โ fashion , CEO also proposed and negotiated three formal KA โ OIR cosmetic endorsement deals with Platinum musician / rapper , Trina see โ Neon Rockstarr โ & โ Show Off ) , reality television icon / MTV Jersey Shore star , Nicole โ Snooki โ Polizzi Snookilicious โฆ . and now in 2013 โฆ stunning music fashionista , Teyana Taylor Harlem Knight ) . With the growing business success of the KA OIR Cosmetics empire , has an even larger platform to reach out to young girls all over the world . She still makes time to host events and speak on panels about maintaining self - esteem and integrity in a challenging industry ( Alwayz Lady Like ) . is also very passionate about โ giving back โ and recently created a pink lipstick color called โ Survivor โ in honor of breast cancer awareness . The cancer cause is near and dear to Keyshia โ s heart , so a percentage of all sales proceeds are donated to โ โ Susan G . Komen for the Cure โ in Miami / Ft . Lauderdale with the hope of encouraging others to join the fight against Breast Cancer As a model , fashionista , entrepreneur & CEO , is an authentic , refreshing , bold personality in the cosmetics , fashion and entertainment industry . Through it all , she faces challenges head on , stays true to herself , stays confident with the constant support of God , her family and friends . With millions of followers , fans , customer and viewers worldwide , Keyshia consistently encourages and stays directly connected with her strong base of supporters , lovingly known as โ KA โ OIR Dolls โ and โ The KA โ OIR FORCE โ . is a name that you want to keep an eye on . She is hot , multi - dimensional and focused on greatness . Follow @ KeyshiaKaoir on Twitter Instagram Facebook and Youtube . | [
"KEYSHIA KA โ OIR",
"Keyshia Dior"
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http://kff.org/health-costs/poll-finding/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-august-2015/ | Kaiser Health Tracking Poll : August 2015 Bianca DiJulio Jamie Firth , and Mollyann Brodie Published : Aug 20 , 2015 Findings Methodology Endnotes With renewed discussion of the high cost of prescription drugs recently , the August Kaiser Health Tracking poll finds that most Americans feel that drug costs are unreasonable ( 72 percent ) and that drug companies put profits before people ( 74 percent ) . At the same time , the public largely values the role prescription drug companies play , with most ( 62 percent ) saying that prescription drugs developed in the past two decades have made the lives of people in the U.S. better , including about 4 in 10 ( 42 percent ) who say a ( 43 percent ) . Large shares , across the partisan spectrum , have favorable views of several proposed actions to lower drug costs , including requiring drug companies to release information to the public on how they set their drug prices ( 86 percent ) and allowing the federal government to negotiate with drug companies to get a lower price on medications for people on Medicare ( 83 percent ) , and majorities also say these strategies would be effective . Reflective in part of the perceived high costs of prescription drugs and focus on profits , about 4 When it comes to their views of the Affordable Care Act ( ACA ) this month , the American public remains divided in their opinion of the law ; 44 percent say they have a favorable view and 41 percent say they have an unfavorable view . Nearly 3 in 10 ( 28 percent ) say they want Congress to expand what the law does , an identical share ( 28 percent ) want the law repealed , and the remainder fall in the middle by saying they want Congress to continue implementing the law as it is ( 22 The Public โ s Views On Prescription Drugs Most Say Costs Are Unreasonable And Higher Than In Other Countries Due to a renewed focus on the issue of prescription drug costs amongst policymakers and the media , the August Kaiser Health Tracking Poll expands upon the April and June Kaiser Health Tracking Polls that touched on the issue . As in June , this month a large majority of the public ( 72 percent ) view the cost of prescription drugs as unreasonable . Those currently taking prescription drugs are somewhat more likely to say drug costs are unreasonable ( 77 percent ) , but still 66 percent of those not currently taking medications say they are unreasonable . Figure 1 Views On Ways To Keep Drug Costs Down Public Is Favorable Toward A Number Of Proposed Ways To Keep Drug Costs Down When presented with policy options intended to help keep the cost of prescription drugs down , the public is supportive of a number of different actions and a majority feels each would be an effective option . Topping the list is requiring drug companies to release information to the public on how they set their drug prices , with more than 8 in 10 Americans reporting a favorable view ( 86 percent ) and saying it would be effective ( 81 percent ) . Eight in 10 ( 83 percent ) also favorably view allowing the federal government to negotiate Figure 2 Feelings about these options and their effectiveness are similar across parties with the exception of allowing the government to negotiate on Medicare drugs which is favored by a somewhat higher share of Democrats ( 93 percent ) than Republicans ( 74 percent ) or independents ( 83 percent ) and where more Democrats feel it would be effective ( 88 percent ) than Republicans ( 56 percent ) or independents ( 74 percent ) . Table 1 : Views Of Policy Actions To Keep Drug Costs Down By Party Identification Percent who say they favor each of the following and percent who say they think each would be effective in keeping prescription drug costs down : Party ID Democrats Independents Republicans Requiring drug companies to release information to the public on how they set their drug prices Favorable 90 % 84 % 82 % Effective 83 % 85 % 75 % Allowing the federal government to negotiate with drug companies to get a lower price on medications for people on Medicare Favorable 93 % 83 % 74 % Effective 88 % 74 % 56 % Limiting the amount drug companies can charge for high - cost drugs for illnesses like hepatitis or cancer 79 % 77 % 70 % 82 % 78 % Allowing Americans to buy prescription drugs imported from Canada 69 % 76 % 75 % 72 % 78 % 71 % Encouraging people to buy lower cost drugs by requiring them to pay a higher share if they choose a similar , higher cost drug 51 % 47 % 51 % 56 % 59 % 60 % Note : Items asked of half samples . Partisan Disagreement On Government Regulation Or Marketplace Approach When asked whether regulation by the federal government or competition in the marketplace would do a better job at keeping prescription drug costs down , more prefer competition in the marketplace than government regulation ( 51 percent vs . 40 percent ) . Not surprisingly , a majority of Democrats ( 57 percent ) feel regulation would do a better job , while about three quarters of Republicans ( 76 percent ) feel market competition is better . Independents are divided with 43 percent saying regulation and 46 percent saying market competition . Figure 3 Opinion Of Pharmaceutical Companies Majorities of the public feel favorably towards a number of companies and groups in American society , such as doctors ( 78 percent ) , food manufacturers ( 58 percent ) , banks ( 58 percent ) , and airlines ( 55 percent ) , but pharmaceutical companies rank lower . About 4 in 10 ( 42 percent ) of the public views pharmaceutical companies favorably , similar to the shares who have positive views of oil companies ( 40 percent ) and health insurance companies ( 44 percent ) . The share with favorable views of pharmaceutical companies is Figure 4 While Americans hold some other industries and groups in higher regard than pharmaceutical companies , most of the public ( 57 percent ) says drug companies are making about the same contribution to society as most other companies . About a fifth ( 22 percent ) say they are making more of a contribution to society than most other companies and just under a fifth ( 17 percent ) say they are making less of a contribution . Those who are currently taking prescription drugs are somewhat more likely than those not taking prescription drugs to say drug companies are Figure 5 Most Feel Drugs Have Improved Americans โ Lives Most of the public ( 62 percent ) says that prescription drugs developed in the past 20 years have made lives of people in the U.S. better , including 4 in 10 ( 42 percent ) who say a lot better , while about 15 percent say they have made the lives of people in the U.S. worse and 19 percent say they have n โ t made much difference . Figure 6 Many Say Drug Companies Are Focused Too Much On Profits While many feel pharmaceuticals have improved Americans โ lives , over 7 in 10 Americans ( 73 percent ) say drug companies make too much profit , while about 2 in 10 ( 21 percent ) say they make about the right amount of profit and very few say they do not make enough profit ( 1 percent ) . Those who feel the cost of prescription drugs is unreasonable are much more likely to say companies make too much profit than those who say costs are reasonable ( 83 percent vs . 46 percent ) . In addition , about three quarters of the public ( 74 percent ) say that pharmaceutical companies are too concerned about making profits and not concerned enough about helping people , while about a quarter ( 23 percent ) say the balance between making profits and helping people at drug companies is about right . Again , those who believe drug costs are unreasonable are more likely to say drug companies are too concerned with making profits than those who feel drug costs are more reasonable ( 82 percent vs . 52 percent ) . Figure 7 Personal Experience With Prescription Drugs The cost of prescription drugs is personal for many as just over half of Americans ( 54 percent ) report currently taking any prescription medicine , many of whom ( 37 percent of those currently taking drugs ) report taking four or more different prescription drugs . Figure 8 About 7 in 10 ( 72 percent ) of those taking drugs say they are very or somewhat easy to afford , but about a quarter ( 24 percent ) report that affording their prescription medicine is difficult , a share that rises to 33 percent of those with lower incomes ( household incomes less than $ 40,000 ) who currently take prescription drugs . Some taking prescription drugs also report that in the past year they or a family member have not filled a prescription ( 24 percent ) or skipped a dose or cut pills in half ( Figure 9 Those who report that they are in fair or poor health and those who say they are currently taking 4 or more prescription drugs are more likely than their counterparts to say affording their medicine is difficult ( 43 percent vs . 17 percent and 38 percent vs . 16 percent , respectively ) . These groups are also more likely than others to say that they have not filled a prescription or cut pills in half or skipped doses in the past 12 months due to cost ( Table 2 ) . Table 2 : Those In Worse Health Or Taking 4 Or More Drugs More Likely To Report Difficultly Affording Their Medicines Health Status Among Those Taking Prescription Drugs Prescription Drug Use Excellent / Very Good / Good Health Fair / Poor Health Taking 1 - 3 Prescription Drugs Taking 4 Or More Prescription Drugs In general , how easy or difficult is it for you to afford to pay the cost of your prescription medicine ? Very easy 54 % 18 % 53 % 32 % Somewhat easy 26 32 27 27 Somewhat difficult 12 28 12 24 Very difficult 5 15 4 14 In the past 12 months , have you or another family member living in your household not filled a prescription for a medicine ? Yes 19 37 21 30 No 80 63 79 69 In the past 12 months , have you or another family member living in your household cut pills in half or skipped doses of medicine ? Yes 15 31 14 No 85 68 86 72 NOTE : Do n โ t know / Refused responses not show . โ Do n โ t have to pay ( Vol . ) โ responses not shown . Among those with insurance , prescription drug costs rank among a number of other health expenses , with 11 percent saying their prescription drug costs is their most burdensome health care cost , while 17 percent say it is the deductible , 14 percent say it โ s their health insurance premiums , and 44 percent say that paying for health care and health insurance is not a financial burden . For those with lower incomes , paying for prescription drugs tops the list , with 17 percent reporting it is their greatest financial burden when it comes to health Figure 10 Using generic over brand - name prescription drugs is one way to spend less on the cost of prescription drugs and just over half ( 52 percent ) of those who say they are currently taking prescription medicine say that in the past two years they have asked for a generic drug when they were prescribed a brand - name . About 8 in 10 ( 78 percent ) of those currently taking prescription drugs say brand - name drugs are about the same in quality as generic drugs , and 15 percent say they are better in quality , Figure 11 Views Of The Affordable Care Act Public Still Split In Opinion Of Health Care Law Consistent with findings over the past few months , the American public remains divided in their opinion of the health care law ; 44 percent say they have a favorable view and 41 percent say they have an unfavorable view . Opinion of the law continues to diverge along party lines , with most Democrats reporting a favorable view of the law ( 76 percent ) and most Republicans reporting an unfavorable view of the law ( 71 percent ) . Among independents , 46 percent say they have an unfavorable view , while 39 percent report a favorable view Figure 12 Next Steps For The ACA Opinion about what Congress should do next when it comes to the law also has been fairly constant over time . Nearly 3 in 10 ( 28 percent ) say they want Congress to expand what the law does , an identical share ( 28 percent ) hope for a complete repeal of the law , and the remainder fall in the middle by saying they want Congress to continue implementing the law as it is ( 22 percent ) or scale it back ( 12 percent ) . Figure 13 Those who want Congress to repeal the law in its entirety are split about what should happen next . Twelve percent say they think Congress should replace the law with a Republican - sponsored alternative , while 11 percent say they would like the law repealed and not replaced . Figure 14 Although those who want the law repealed disagree about what Congress should do , they are unified in their unwavering desire for repeal . After being told that about 19 million people would become uninsured if the health care law were to be repealed , only 3 percent are swayed to say they no longer favor repealing the law . Figure 15 However , the vast majority of the public ( 70 percent ) does not think that the Republicans in Congress have an agreed - upon alternative . Even majorities of those who would like to see it repealed and replaced with a Republican - sponsored alternative ( 58 percent ) do not think that that such an alternative exists . Kaiser Health Policy News Index : August 2015 The Kaiser Health Policy News Index is designed to help journalists and policymakers understand which health policy - related news stories Americans are paying attention to , and what the public understands about health policy issues covered in the news . In the wake of the first Republican primary debate that took place the first week of August and the first night this survey was in the field , nearly 7 in 10 Americans report โ very โ or โ fairly โ closely following news coverage of the 2016 presidential campaigns ( 69 percent ) , significantly more than the slim majority that said the same in the last two Kaiser Health Policy New Index reports . Perhaps not surprisingly given the recent debate , Republicans ( 78 percent ) are more likely to say they have been following the presidential Health stories fall to the bottom of the public โ s radar this month , with just 3 in 10 ( 30 percent ) saying they closely followed profits made by insurance companies , and about 2 in 10 say they closely followed the merger between health insurance companies Anthem and Cigna ( 22 percent ) , the release of Medicare โ s annual financial report ( 20 percent ) , or the Food and Drug Administration โ s ( FDA ) approval of an expensive new cholesterol - lowering drug ( 18 percent ) . Those who say they Figure 16 The Health Care Law In The Media Although more than 4 in 10 of the American public have previously said that they are tired of hearing about the health care law and are ready for the country to focus on other issues , 1 this month , the public does n โ t express fatigue with the topic . When asked about news coverage of the health care law , just 16 percent say they think the news media covers the health care law too much , while 4 in 10 say it covers the law too little ( 37 percent ) or about the right amount ( 37 percent ) . This is a rare instance where there is no large difference by political party , however opinion does vary by favorability towards the health care law . Those with an unfavorable view Figure 17 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll : August 2015 Methodology Topics Health Costs Health Reform Tags Elections Polling Prescription Drugs Tracking Poll ACA ' s Future | [
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http://kfknowledgebank.kaplan.co.uk/KFKB/Wiki%20Pages/Financial%20Management.aspx?mode=none | Financial Management Back up a level Corporate financing Investment appraisal Mergers and acquisitions Risk and the Financial Manager The dividend decision Treasury Working capital Contents Hide 1 The nature and purpose of financial management 1.1 Key decisions 1.1.1 The investment decision 1.1.2 The financing decision 1.1.3 The dividend decision 1.2 Contrasting financial management , management accounting and financial accounting 1.3 The link between financial management and corporate strategy 1.4 Financial objectives 1.4.1 Shareholder wealth maximisation 1.4.2 Profit maximisation 1.4.3 Earnings per share ( EPS ) growth 1.4.4 Maximising and satisficing 1.4.5 The stakeholder view 1.5 Agency theory 1.5.1 The divorce of ownership and control 1.6 Risk management 1.6.1 Appetite for risk 1.6.2 Monitoring risk 1.6.3 Dealing with risk Financial Management Back to Corporate financing Cost of capital Debt finance Equity finance Finance of SMEs Islamic Finance Preference shares Theories of gearing Investment appraisal Asset investment decisions Basic investment apprasial techniques Capital rationing Discounted cash flow techniques Further aspect of investment appraisal Mergers and acquisitions Business valuations Corporate reconstructions Risk and financial manager Foreign exchange risk management Interest rate risk management Introduction to derivatives Value at risk Treasury Working capital Cash management Creditors / payables management Debtors / receivables management Stock / Inventory management The nature and purpose of financial management Feedback Financial management is concerned with the efficient acquisition and deployment of both short - and long - term financial resources , to ensure the objectives of the enterprise are achieved . Decisions must be taken in three key areas : investment - both long - term investment in non - current assets and short - term investment in working capital finance - from what sources should funds be raised ? dividends - how should cash funds be allocated to shareholders and how will the value of the business be affected by this ? Key decisions The investment decision To operate , all business will need finance and part of the financial manager ' s role is to ensure this finance is used efficiently and effectively to ensure the organisation ' s objectives are achieved . This can be further broken down into two elements : Investment appraisal considers the long - term plans of the business and identifies the right projects to adopt to ensure financial objectives are met . The projects undertaken will nearly always involve the purchase of non - current assets at the start of the process . For a business to be successful , as well as identifying and implementing potentially successful projects , it must survive day to day . Working capital management is concerned with the management of liquidity - ensuring debts are collected , inventory levels are kept at the minimum level compatible with efficient production , cash balances are invested appropriately and payables are paid on a timely basis . The financing decision Before a business can invest in anything , it needs to have some finance . A key financial management decision is the identification of the most appropriate sources ( be it long or short term ) , taking into account the requirements of the company , the likely demands of the investors and the amounts likely to be made available . The dividend decision Having invested wisely , a business will hopefully be profitable and generate cash . The final key decision for the financial manager is whether to return any of that cash to the owners of the business ( in the form of dividends ) and if so , how much . The alternative is to retain some of the cash in the business where it can be invested again to earn further returns . This decision is therefore closely linked to the financing decision . The decision on the level of dividends to be paid can affect the value of the business as a whole as well the ability of the business to raise further finance in the future . Contrasting financial management , management accounting and financial accounting Management accounting and financial management are both concerned with the use of resources to achieve a given target . Much of the information used and reported is common to both functions . The main difference is in the time scales . Financial management is concerned with the long - term raising of finance and the allocation and control of resources ; it involves targets , or objectives , that are generally long - term by nature , whilst management accounting usually operates within a 12 - month time horizon . Management accounting is concerned with providing information for the more day - to - day functions of control and decision making . This will involve budgeting cost accounting variance analysis , and evaluation of alternative uses of short - term resources . Financial accounting is not directly involved in the day - to - day planning , control and decision making of an organisation . Rather , it is concerned with providing information about the historical results of past plans and decisions . Its purpose is to keep the owners ( shareholders ) and other interested parties informed of the overall financial position of the business , and it will not be concerned with the detailed information used internally by management accountants and financial managers . The following table illustrates the distinction between some of the tasks carried out by each of these financial roles : The link between financial management and corporate strategy The diagram above is key to understanding how financial management fits into overall business strategy The business should recognise its overriding purpose or mission and develop broad - based goals for the business to pursue to ensure it fulfils that purpose . Each goal is then further broken down into detailed commercial and financial objectives , each of which should have appropriate identifiable , measurable targets so that progress towards them can be monitored . The distinction between ' commercial ' and ' financial ' objectives is to emphasise that not all objectives can be expressed in financial terms and that some objectives derive from commercial market place considerations These are then cascaded down throughout the organisation through the setting of targets so that all parts of the business are working to achieve the same overall goal . For example , the receivables days target of the credit control department should be linked to the cash needs of the investment projects , and the projects should be selected to achieve the overall corporate aim such as improving the share price . This in turn then satisfies the shareholders by increasing their wealth . Once objectives and targets are set , the enterprise must then work to achieve them by developing and implementing appropriate strategies . Strategies will be developed at all levels of the business . Corporate strategy concerns the decisions made by senior management about matters such as the particular business the company is in , whether new markets should be entered or whether to withdraw from current markets . Such decisions can often have important financial implications . If , for example , a decision is taken to enter a new market , an existing company in that market could be bought , or a new company be started from scratch . Business strategy concerns the decisions to be made by the separate strategic business units within the group . Each unit will try to maximise its competitive position within its chosen market . This may involve for example choosing whether to compete on quality or cost . Operational strategy concerns how the different functional areas within a strategic business unit plan their operations to satisfy the corporate and business strategies being followed . We are , of course , most interested in the decisions facing the finance function . These day - to - day decisions include all aspects of working capital management . Almost all strategies developed by the business will have financial implications and the financial manager has a key role to play in helping business strategies succeed . Financial objectives Shareholder wealth maximisation is a fundamental principle of financial management . Many other objectives are also suggested for companies including : profit maximisation growth market share social responsibilities Shareholder wealth maximisation If strategy is developed in response to the need to achieve objectives , it is obviously important to be clear about what those objectives are . Most companies are owned by shareholders and originally set up to make money for those shareholders . The primary objective of most companies is thus to maximise shareholder wealth . ( This could involve increasing the share price and / or dividend payout . ) Profit maximisation In financial management we assume that the objective of the business is to maximise shareholder wealth . This is not necessarily the same as maximising profit . Firms often find that share prices bear little relationship to reported profit figures ( e.g. biotechnology companies and other ' new economy ' ventures ) . There are a number of potential problems with adopting an objective of profit maximisation : Long - run versus short - run issues : In any business it is possible to boost short - term profits at the expense of long - term profits . For example discretionary spending on training , advertising , repairs and research and development ( R&D ) may be cut . This will improve reported profits in the short - term but damage the long - term prospects of the business . The stock exchange will normally see through such a tactic and share prices will fall . Quality ( risk ) of earnings : A business may increase its reported profits by taking a high level of risk . However the risk may endanger the returns available to shareholders . The stock exchange will then generally regard these earnings as being of a poor quality and the more risk - averse shareholders may sell . Once again the share price could fall . Cash : Accounting profits are just a paper figure . Dividends are paid with cash . Investors will therefore consider cash flow as well as profit . Earnings per share ( EPS ) growth A widely used measure of corporate success is EPS as it provides a measure of return to equity . EPS growth is therefore a commonly pursued objective . However it is a measure of profitability , not wealth generation , and it is therefore open to the same criticisms as profit maximisation above . The disadvantage of EPS is that it does not represent income of theshareholder . Rather , it represents that investor ' s share of the income generated by the company according to an accounting formula . Whilst there is obviously a correlation between earnings and the wealth received by individual shareholders , they are not the same . Maximising and satisficing A distinction must be made between maximising and satisficing : maximising - seeking the maximum level of returns , even though this might involve exposure to risk and much higher management workloads . satisficing - finding a merely adequate outcome , holding returns at a satisfactory level , avoiding risky ventures and reducing workloads . Within a company , management might seek to maximise the return to some groups ( e.g. shareholders ) and satisfy the requirements of other groups ( e.g. employees ) . The discussion about objectives is really about which group ' s returns management is trying to maximise . The stakeholder view We ' ve already stated that the primary objective of a company is to maximise the wealth of shareholders . However , modern organisations vary in type , and talk of pursuing single objectives is perhaps a little simplistic . Many argue that a business must adopt the stakeholder view , which involves balancing the competing claims of a wide range of stakeholders , and taking account of broader economic and social responsibilities . Professor Charles Handy is a prominent advocate of this view , arguing that maximisation of shareholder wealth , while important , can not be the single overall objective of organisations , and account must be taken of broader economic and social responsibilities . Increasing globalisation , and the fact that some multinational companies have a turnover in excess of the incomes of small countries , puts these responsibilities sharply into focus . Typical stakeholders for an organisation might include the following . Equity investors ( ordinary shareholders ) - within any economic system , the equity investors provide the risk finance . There is a very strong argument for maximising the wealth of equity investors . In order to attract funds , the company has to compete with risk - free investment opportunities , e.g. government securities . The attraction is the accrual of any surplus to the equity investors . In effect , this is the risk premium which is essential for the allocation of resources to relatively risky investments in companies . Company managers / directors - such senior employees are in an ideal position to follow their own aims at the expense of other stakeholders . Their goals will be both long - term ( defending against takeovers , sales maximisation ) and short - term ( profit margins leading to increased bonuses ) . Company employees - obviously , many trade unionists would like to see their members as the residual beneficiaries of any surplus the company creates . Certainly , there is no measurement problem : returns = wages or salaries . However , maximising the returns to employees does assume that risk finance can be raised purely on the basis of satisficing , i.e. providing no more than an adequate return to shareholders . Customers - satisfaction of customer needs will be achieved through the provision of value - for - money products and services . There remains , of course , the requirement for organisations to accurately identify precisely what those needs are . Suppliers - suppliers to the organisation will have short - term goals such as prompt payment terms alongside long - term requirements including contracts and regular business . The importance of the needs of suppliers will depend upon both their relative size and the number of suppliers . Finance providers - providers of finance ( banks , loan creditors ) will primarily be interested in the ability of the organisation to repay the finance including interest . As a result it will be the organisation ' s ability to generate cash both long - and short - term that will be the basis of interest to these providers . The government - the government will have political and financial interests in the organisation . Politically they will wish to increase exports and decrease imports whilst monitoring companies via the Office of Fair Trading ( OFT ) . Financially they require long - term profits to maximise taxation income . Equally importantly the government via its own agencies or via the legal system will seek to ensure that organisations observe health and safety , planning and minimum wage legislation . Also , on behalf of the community at large , the government must consider modifying the behaviour of both individuals The community at large - this is a particularly important group for public sector enterprises and will have , in particular , environmental expectations from private sector or regulated organisations , such as organic foods , safe trains and cleaner petrol . For organisations there are problems of measurement - what are returns to the community at large ? The goals of the community will be broad but will include such aspects as legal and social responsibilities , pollution control and employee welfare . Critics of the stakeholder view argue that while the interests of these other groups must obviously be balanced and managed , only shareholders have a relationship with organisations which is one of riskand return , and so practically the long - term financial objective of a private sector organisation is to maximise the wealth of equity investors . The debate will continue , but there seems to be an acceptance that organisations need to have a greater awareness of the societies in which they operate and this is reflected in the later debate on ethics . Your Feedback We value your feedback on the topics or anything else you have found on our site , so we can make it even better . Give Feedback Agency theory Agency theory is often used to describe the relationships between the various interested parties in a firm and can help to explain the various duties and conflicts that occur : Agency relationships occur when one party , the principal , employs another party , the agent , to perform a task on their behalf . In particular , directors ( agents ) act on behalf of shareholders ( principals ) . For example , managers can be seen as the agents of shareholders , employees as the agents of managers , managers and shareholders as the agents of long - and short - term creditors , etc . In most of these principal - agent relationships , conflicts of interest will exist . The problem lies in the fact that once the agent has been appointed he is able to act in his own selfish interests rather than pursuing the objectives of the principal . The divorce of ownership and control By far the most important conflict of those mentioned above is that between the interests of shareholders who own the company and the directors / managers who run it . Shareholders are reliant upon the management of the company to understand and pursue the objectives set for them . Although shareholders can intervene via resolutions at general meeting , the managers are usually left alone on a day - to - day basis . Management are uniquely placed to make decisions to maximise their own wealth or happiness rather than the wealth of the shareholders . During the past 20 years or so , and particularly following the Maxwell scandal and others , attention has focused increasingly on the activities of directors . There has been an allegation that directors have been making corporate decisions in their own interests rather than for the benefit of the company as a whole and the shareholders inparticular . Examples include the following : Remuneration The UK recession in 2008 - 2009 led to many companies reporting sharply reduced profits and laying off staff or cutting levels of employee pay . At the same time many directors were awarded large increases in pay or large bonuses . The greatest media attention focused on the companies who received government assistance as part of a bail - out package but continued to reward their top executives highly . Empire building The high level of corporate takeover activity in the 1980s led to many chief executives believing that building as large a group as possible was a valid aim in itself , an objective described as empire building . Executives gained prestige from successful bids and from being in charge of large conglomerates , but the returns to shareholders were often disappointing . Creative accounting The directors are responsible for selecting the accounting policies to be used by their company , subject to accounting standards and the opinion of the auditors . Despite the constraints upon them , the directors are still free to use creative accounting techniques to flatter their published accounts and perhaps artificially boost the share price . Examples of such techniques are : capitalising expenses on the balance sheet ( e.g. development expenditure , advertising expenditure ) , not depreciating non - current assets , maximising the value of intangibles on the balance sheet ( e.g. putting a value to brands Those charged with setting accounting standards have a continuing work programme that aims to cut out creative accounting practices as much as is practically possible . Takeover bids Boards of directors often spend considerable amounts of time and money attempting to defend their companies against takeover bids , even when it appears that the takeover would be in the best interests of the target company ' s shareholders . These directors are accused of trying to protect their own jobs , fearing that they will be retired if their company is taken over . Directors of UK public companies must now comply with the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers during a bid period . Unethical activities Unethical activities might not be prohibited by the Companies Acts or stock exchange regulations , but are believed by many to be undesirable to society as a whole . Examples are trading with countries ruled by dictatorships , testing products on animals , emitting pollution or carrying out espionage against competitors . The importance of good business ethics and corporate social responsibility ( CSR ) has been recognised in recent years and it is hoped that further progress is being made in the new millennium . Risk management One of the key matters to consider when developing a financial policy framework is the way risk and risk management is to be incorporated into the decision making process . A number of policy decisions must be made : What is the firm ' s appetite for risk ? How should risk be monitored ? How should risk be dealt with ? Appetite for risk Shareholders will invest in companies with a risk profile that matches that required for their portfolio . Management should be wary of altering the risk profile of the business without shareholder support . An increase in risk will bring about an increase in the required return and may lead to current shareholders selling their shares and so depressing the share price . Inevitably management will have their own attitude to risk . Unlike the well - diversified shareholders , the directors are likely to be heavily dependent on the success of the company for their own financial stability and be more risk averse as a consequence . Monitoring risk The essence of risk is that the returns are uncertain . As time passes , so the various uncertain events on which the forecasts are based will occur . Management must monitor the events as they unfold , reforecast predicted results and take action as necessary . The degree and frequency of the monitoring process will depend on the significance of the risk to the project ' s outcome . Dealing with risk Risk can be either accepted or dealt with . Possible solutions for dealing with risk include : mitigating the risk - reducing it by setting in place control procedures hedging the risk - taking action to ensure a certain outcome diversification - reducing the impact of one outcome by having a portfolio of different ongoing projects . Policy decisions about which methods are to be preferred should be made in advance of specific actions being required . Risk and the financial manager can be explored in further detail here Rating : Ratings & Comments ( Click the stars to rate the page ) Tags : financial management investment decision dividend decision finance decision risk agency theory | [
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http://kfor.com/2012/03/26/oge-offering-program-to-save-you-money-5/ | OG&E offering program to save you money Posted 12 : 25 pm , March 26 , 2012 , by Ali Meyer Updated at 12 : 45PM , April 2 , 2012 This is an archived article and the information in the article may be outdated . Please look at the time stamp on the story to see when it was last updated . OKLAHOMA CITY โ This summer OG&E is offering a chance to save money on your monthly utility bill . The new program is called โ Smart Hours โ and OG&E is asking customers to sign up . They ask participants to use less electricity during the peak usage hours from 2 to 7 p.m. weekdays during the summer months ; June , July , August and September . In exchange OG&E is offering a much lower rate during the other 19 hours of the day and on holidays and weekends . You will pay approximately 4.5 cents per kWh ; that โ s less than half the normal rate of approximately 11.3 cents per kWh . OG&E Spokesperson Kathleen O โ Shea said , โ Between the hours of 2 p.m. and 7 p.m. in the summer is when your electricity costs the most because that โ s when there โ s the highest demand . From June to September , if you โ re on โ Smart Hours , โ you โ re paying a lot less for those 19 hours that are outside the peak period . โ OG&E suggests running the dishwasher and clothes washer before 2 p.m. or after 7 p.m. They say you will save electricity if you turn off the lights and turn up the thermostat a few degrees during those peak usage hours , 2 p.m. to 7 p.m. during the work week . โ If you can shift some of your use of electricity during those hours to all the other hours when it โ s a lot cheaper , you can save money , โ O โ Shea said . โ The trick is if you use your electricity during the peak period when we have the highest demand , you could be paying anywhere from 4 cents all the way up to 46 cents depending on the demand . It will motivate customers to use electricity outside of peak hours . We will tell you what the price is going to OG&E estimates the average โ Smart Hours โ customer will save $ 200 this summer . Shifting energy usage could save you as much as $ 100 per month . OG&E will provide a FREE programmable thermostat for each zone of your house for customers who sign up to participate and they install it for free . O โ Shea says โ The thermostat is communicating with the smart meter at your house to know how much the electricity is going to cost you at that particular time . โ If you โ re asking โ What โ s the catch , โ OG&E says they would like Oklahomans to use less electricity and reduce our carbon footprint . O โ Shea said , โ We want to make it to the year 2020 without having to build additional power plants fueled by fossil fuels . โ OG&E is so confident that they will save your family money that they are offering a โ best bill guarantee . โ If you sign up for โ Smart Hours โ and still end up with a higher utility bill , OG&E will pay you the difference between the normal rates and โ Smart Hours โ rate . LINK : More info on OG&E Smart Hours The website offers ways to calculate your current usage and savings estimates . Filed in : News Saving A Buck | [
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http://khak.com/way-to-early-iowa-bowl-projections/ | Way Too Early Iowa Bowl Projections Ryan Brain Brainard Matthew Holst Getty Images The Iowa Hawkeyes are 61 and ranked 18th in the nation according to the latest AP poll Through 8 weeks this Iowa team has been great and a special season is within reach So its time for the annual way too early bowl projection game Yes Iowa has some tough remaining games At Penn State this Saturday a home date against Northwestern and then at an improved Purdue team Oh yeah and we play Nebraska too I get it A lot can change between now and the end of the season But Hawkeye fans should feel pretty good right now Iowa is only one of three teams in the Big Ten that are bowl eligible The other two are Ohio State and Michigan If Iowa can beat Penn State this weekend the projections start to get a little rosier if you catch my drift At least a New Years Day bowl would be among the projections Until then most expect Iowa to go 22 in their remaining games to finish at 83 Here is where some of the experts think Iowa will go bowling if the season plays out like that Bleacher Report Outback Bowl vs Kentucky CBS Sports Holiday Bowl vs Utah ESPN Peach Bowl vs Georgia Sporting News Citrus Bowl vs Kentucky Holiday Bowl vs USC USA Today Holiday Bowl vs Oregon There is a lot of football to play in the 2018 season It all starts in Happy Valley Saturday The Penn State game will determine if this is a good Iowa football season or a special one well remember for years GO HAWKS via GoIowaAwesome Filed Under Big Ten bowl eligible bowl games Football Iowa Hawkeyes Categories Local News National Global News Sports Comments Leave A Comment | [
"Iowa Hawkeyes"
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http://kheper.net/topics/chakras/chakras-Tib.htm | The Tibetan Buddhist Theory of Chakras Instead of Kundalini , reference is made to the red and white subtle " drops " in the navel and head chakras respectively , although sometimes other drops are mentioned as well . Through the dissolution of these drops , and of the various subtle winds , in the central channel , one attains transcendent awareness . This happens not only during advanced yoga , but also at the time of death ; and constitutes the phenomenon known as the " Clear Light " . The Vajrayana chakras Chakra spokes ( petals ) location shape of centre colour body activity deities Mahasukha chakra 32 head Swabhavika - kaya Triangular white body , waking Wrathful Sambhoga chakra 16 throat circular red Sambhoga - kaya speech , dreaming Wisdom - holding Dharma chakra 8 heart circular white Dharma - kaya mind , sleeping Peaceful Nirmana chakra 64 navel triangular red Nirmana - kaya Secret Doctrines of the Tibetan Books of the Dead by Detlef Ingo Lauf Clear Light of Bliss : The Practice of Mahamudra in Vajrayana Buddhism by Geshe Kelsang Gyatso - paperback - hardcover Web Links to be added . . . page by M . Alan Kazlev page uploaded 21 November 1998 , last modified 29 July 2004 | [
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http://kheper.net/topics/typology/four_humours.html | The Four Humours The four humours . from Shakespeare ' s Life and Times In Greek , Medieval , and Renaissance thought , the traditional four elements form the basis for a theory of medicine and later psychological typology known as the four humours . They constituted the western equivalent of the Chinese five states of change . Each of the humours were associated with various correspondences and particular physical and mental characteristics , and could , moreover , be combined for more complex personality types : ( e.g. choleric - sanguine , etc ) . The result is a system that provides a quite elaborate classification of types of personality . The Four Humours and Classical Thought " [ In classic times ] medicine was equated with philosophy and three Greek philosophers Hippocrates ( c . 460 โ 370 b.c.e. ) , Plato ( 427 - 348 b.c.e. ) and Aristotle ( 384 - 322 b.c.e. ) contributed to the vision of health , disease and the functions of the body . Although they had differences in general they saw health as an equilibrium of the body as determined by the four humors . Sap in plants and the blood in animals is the fount of life . Other body fluids - phlegm , bile , faeces , became visible in illness when the balance is disturbed . For instance , epilepsy , the sacred disease was due to phlegm blocking the airways that caused the body to struggle and convulse to free itself . Mania was due to bile boiling in the brain . Black bile was a late addition to disease theory and was associated with melancholy . " [ ref The Roots of Scientific Medicine by Dr . P . Warren , - The Humoral Theory of Diseases . ] The Four Humours and Unani ( Greek - derived Islamic Medicine ) The four humours . from An overview of the Unani System of Medicine and Hikmat ( Unani Medicine ) Unani is Arabic for โ Ionian , โ which means โ Greek . โ It is a formal medicine that has been practiced for 6,000 years . Also known as โ hikmat , โ Unani Tibb Medicine was developed by the Greek physician Hippocrates from the medicine and traditions of the ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia . When the Mongols invaded Persia and Central Asia many scholars and physicians of Unani fled to India . Proponents of Tibb el Unani included ibn Sina ( Avicenna ) who wrote of Tibb el Unani in his medical classic โ al - Qanun โ and The first way that Hikmat defines the body is to describe it in terms of the four humors or akhlaat : air , earth , fire and water emanate from the liver forming a subtle network around the body . In healing , foods and herbs are also classified according to the four humors . The four humors correspond to four bodily fluids : blood , phlegm , black bile and yellow bile . A typical diagnosis of a patient would take the balance of these humors into consideration . For instance , over - stimulation of wet - hot elements effects nervous biochemical interactions within the body with glandular ramifications within the blood . A wet - cold over Islam Online - Hikmat ( Unani Medicine ) The Four Humours in Reniassance and Elizabethan time By this time the humours had become standardised as follows Humour Body substance produced by Element Qualities Complexion and Body type Personality Sanguine blood liver air hot and moist red - cheeked , corpulent amorous , happy , generous , optimistic , irresponsible Choleric yellow bile spleen fire hot and dry red - haired , thin violent , vengeful , short - tempered , ambitious Phlegmatic phlegm lungs water cold and moist corpulent Sluggish , pallid , cowardly Melancholic black bile gall bladder earth cold and dry sallow , thin Introspective , sentimental , gluttonous Note : " lazy " is sometimes attributed to Phlegmatics [ ref The Four Humours ] and sometimes to Melancholics [ ref The Four Humors " [ It was though that each of ] The " humours " gave off vapors which ascended to the brain ; an individual ' s personal characteristics ( physical , mental , moral ) were explained by his or her " temperament , " or the state of that person ' s " humours . " The perfect temperament resulted when no one of these humours dominated . By 1600 it was common to use " humour " as a means of classifying characters ; knowledge of the humours is not only important to understanding later medieval work , Michael Hanly Medieval Themes and Topics The Four Humours in the modern world Rudolf Steiner , who derived a lot of his ideas from Graeco - Medieval thought , not unsurprisingly incorporated the humours into his overall synthesis , here is his lecture on the four temperaments . These are associated with dominance of one or the other of the four levels of self . Choleric with the ego ( which Steiner associates with " warmth " , hence " fire " ) , the Sanguine with the astral body , the Phlegmatic with the etheric body , and the Melancholic with the physical body . The sequence is from most subtle ( fire , traditionally " spirit " ) to most dense ( earth , hence physical ) elements Steiner ' s thinking , being occult - theosophical based , has had little impact outside the specialised world of Anthroposophy . Of much greater influence however was the personality classification of Hans Eysenck ( 1916 - 1997 ) . Eysenck took the two gradations of extrovert - introvert and stable - unstable , to come up with four quadrants which could be associated with the classic four temperaments . Each quadrant is also are further divided by keywords , creating a 360 ยฐ gradation as follows original url Another 20th century equivalent ( although with only three temperaments ) are Sheldon ' s Somatotypes . Additional recent temperament theories are reviewed by Richard Dagan Links The Four Humors - good intro from Islam Online from Shakespeare ' s Life and Times - description and illustration of each Medieval Themes and Topics The Four Cardinal Humors by Sheridan Hill . Includes extracts from Burton ' s Anatomy of Melancholy ( 1621 ) and Rudolf Steiner on the four temperaments Temperament . . . A brief survey by Richard Dagan - includes some modern psychological theories and applications Hans Eysenck ( and other temperament theorists ) - overview by Dr . C . George Boeree The four humors and elements Aristotle and the Anishaabe Medicine Wheel , Canada The Role of Plants in Health and / or Healing - includes herbs classified according to the four elements and humours advertisement Sacred Geometry Jewelry by the artist David Weitztman Sacred geometry is a term which describes the geometrical laws which create everything in existence . This term has been used by mathematicians , geometricians , spiritual seekers , anthropologists , and archaeologists to encompass the religious , philosophical , and spiritual beliefs that have sprung up around geometry in all the major cultures during the course of human history . When you connect spirit and geometry you get sacred geometry ! Christ Grid The Flower of Life The Merkaba Visit Ka Gold Jewelry Website content by M . Alan Kazlev page uploaded 3 July 2004 , relocated 14 July , last modified 16 August | [
"Four Humours",
"Sanguine",
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http://khoisan.org/reconstructing.htm | The Khoikhoi Reconstructing the Past Where did they come from ? What did they do ? Social Organisation Stock Ownership and Management Ritual Religion and Nature Raiding Further reading The reference books used for the development of this site are recommended reading of the University of Cape Town and may be purchased online at Kalahari . net Discovering Southern African Rock Art The Bushmen of Southern Africa Once We Were Hunters The Cape Herders About this page Where did it come from ? Developed by : Alan Levin Edited by : Carolyn Neville Sponsored by : Future Perfect Corporation Special thanks to : Becky Ackermann and and David Philip Publishers Hosted by : Vanilla on SITUS The copyright in the material used for this site rests with the publisher , David Boyce . Please contact them directly at kieran . mckenna @ dpp . co . za if you have any queries relating to the information provided in the content of this site . The developer and maintainer of this site , Future Perfect Corporation claims only the domain name as its property . This claim derives from the ' first come first served ' policy basis by which domains are issued . However , we acknowledge the potential historical or cultural claim which an organisation or group of individuals may have to this domain , and we are therefore willing in principle to relinquish ownership accordingly based on any fair and legitimate application . | [
"Khoikhoi",
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http://khouse.org/articles/2000/284/ | Meanings Of The Names In Genesis 5 Your Questions Answered By Chuck Missler by Chuck Missler August 1 , 2000 Print this article Q & A : Where did you find the meanings of the names in Genesis 5 ? The background behind the genealogy in Genesis 5 is one of our most frequently asked questions . Since the ten Hebrew names are proper names , they are not translated but only transliterated to approximate the way they were pronounced . The meaning of proper names can be a difficult pursuit since direct translations are not readily available . Many study aids , such as conventional lexicons , can prove superficial when dealing with proper names . Even a conventional Hebrew lexicon can prove disappointing . A study of the original roots , however , can yield some fascinating insights . ( It should be recognized , however , that the views concerning the meaning and significance of the original roots are not free of controversy and are subject to variant readings . Adam The first name , Adam , comes from adomah , and means โ man . โ As the first man , that seems straightforward enough . Seth Adam โ s son was named Seth , which means โ appointed โ . When he was born Eve said , โ For God hath appointed me another seed instead of Abel , whom Cain slew . โ Enosh Seth โ s son was called Enosh , which means โ mortal , โ โ frail , โ or โ miserable . โ It is from the root anash : โ to be incurable โ ; used of a wound , grief , woe , sickness , or wickedness . ( It was in the days of Enosh that men began to defile the name of the Living God . [ 1 ] Kenan Enosh โ s son was named Kenan , from which can mean โ sorrow , โ dirge , โ or โ elegy . โ ( The precise denotation is somewhat elusive ; some study aids unfortunately presume an Aramaic root synonymous with โ Cainan . โ ) Balaam , looking down from the heights of Moab , employed a pun upon the name of the Kenites when he prophesied their destruction . [ 2 ] Mahalalel Kenan โ s son was Mahalalel , from mahalal , which means โ blessed โ or โ praise โ ; and El , the name for God . Thus , Mahalalel means โ the Blessed God . โ Often Hebrew names included El , the name of God , as Dani - el , โ God is my Judge , โ Nathani - el , โ Gift of God , โ etc . Jared Mahalalel โ s son was named Jared , from the verb yaradh , meaning โ shall come down . โ Some authorities suggest that this might have been an allusion to the โ Sons of God โ who โ came down โ to corrupt the daughters of men , resulting in the Nephilim ( โ Fallen Ones โ ) of Genesis 6 . [ 3 ] Enoch Jared โ s son was named Enoch , which means โ teaching , โ or โ commencement . โ He was the first of four generations of preachers . In fact , the earliest recorded prophecy was by Enoch , which amazingly enough deals with the Second Coming of Christ . [ 4 ] Methuselah The Flood of Noah did not come as a surprise . It had been preached on for four generations . But something strange happened when Enoch was 65 , from which time โ he walked with God . โ Enoch was given a prophecy that as long as his son was alive , the judgment of the flood would be withheld ; but as soon as he died , the flood would be sent forth . Enoch named his son to reflect this prophecy . The name Methuselah comes from two roots : muth , a root that means โ death โ [ 5 ] ; and from shalach , which means โ to bring , โ or โ to send forth . โ Thus , the name Methuselah signifies , โ his death shall bring . โ [ 6 ] And , indeed , in the year that Methuselah died , the flood came . Methuselah was 187 when he had Lamech , and lived 782 years more . Lamech had Noah when he was 182 . [ 7 ] The Flood came in Noah โ s 600th year . [ 8 ] 187 + 182 + 600 = 969 , Methuselah โ s age when he died . [ 9 ] It is interesting that Methuselah โ s life was , in effect , a symbol of God โ s mercy in forestalling the coming judgment of the flood . It is therefore fitting that his lifetime is the oldest in the Bible , symbolizing the extreme extensiveness of God โ s mercy . Lamech Methuselah โ s son was named Lamech , a root still evident today in our own English word , โ lament โ or โ lamentation . โ Lamech suggests โ despairing . โ ( This name is also linked to the Lamech in Cain โ s line who inadvertently killed his son Tubal - Cain in a hunting incident . [ 10 ] Noah Lamech , of course , is the father of Noah , which is derived from nacham , โ to bring relief โ or โ comfort , โ as Lamech himself explains . [ 11 ] The Composite List Now let โ s put it all together : Hebrew English Adam Man Seth Appointed Enosh Mortal Kenan Sorrow ; Mahalalel The Blessed God Jared Shall come down Enoch Teaching Methuselah His death shall bring Lamech The Despairing Noah Rest , or comfort . Here is a summary of God โ s plan of redemption , hidden here within a genealogy in Genesis ! You will never convince me that a group of Jewish rabbis deliberately โ contrived โ to hide the โ Christian Gospel โ right here in a genealogy within their venerated Torah ! Evidences of Design The implications of this discovery are far more deeply significant than may be evident at first glance . It demonstrates that in the earliest chapters of the Book of Genesis , God had already laid out His plan of redemption for the predicament of mankind . It is the beginning of a love story , ultimately written in blood on a wooden cross which was erected in Judea almost 2,000 years ago . This is also one of many evidences that the Bible is an integrated message system , the product of supernatural engineering . This punctures the presumptions of many who view the Bible as a record of an evolving cultural tradition , noble though it may be . It claims to be authored by the One who alone knows the end from the beginning , [ 12 ] despite the fact that it is composed of 66 separate books , penned by some 40 authors , spanning several thousand years . [ 13 ] Genesis 4 : 26 is often mistranslated . Targum of Onkelos : โ โฆ desisted from praying in the name โ ; Targum of Jonathan : โ surnamed their idols in the name โฆ โ ; Kimchi , Rashi , and other ancient Jewish commentators agree . Jerome indicated that this was the opinion of many Jews of his day . Maimonides , Commentary on the Mishna ( a constituent part of the Talmud ) , A.D. 1168 , ascribes the origin of idolatry to the days of Enosh . โฉ Numbers 24 : 21 , 23 . โฉ These were discussed in our book , Alien Encounters Jude 14 , 15 . โ Muth , โ death , occurs 125 times in the Old Testament . See Pink , Jones , and Stedman in Sources ( below ) . Genesis 5 : 25 โ 28 . Genesis 7 : 6 , 11 . Genesis 5 : 27 . Genesis 4 : 19 โ 25 ; rabbinical sources , Re : Kaplan , et al . Genesis 5 : 29 . Isaiah 46 : 10 ; Revelation 21 : 6 ; 22 : 13 . Job was far earlier than even the books of Moses . Sources Missler Chuck , Cosmic Codes : Hidden Messages from the Edge of Eternity , KoinoniaHouse , 1999 . Jones , Alfred , Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names , Kregel Publications , Grand Rapids , MI , 1990 . Kaplan , Rabbi Aryeh , The Living Torah , Maznaim Publishing Corporation , Jerusalem , 1981 . Pink , Arthur W . , Gleanings in Genesis , Moody Bible Institute , Chicago , IL , 1922 . Rosenbaum , M . , and Silbermann , A . , Pentateuch with Onkelos โ s Translation ( into Aramaic ) and Rashi โ s Commentary , Silbermann Family Publishers , Jerusalem , 1973 . Stedman , Ray C . , The Beginnings , Word Books , Waco , TX , 1978 . This article was originally published in the August 2000 Personal Update News Journal . Sign up here to receive our free digital version of Personal Update . Or sign up here to receive the print version Disclaimer PLEASE NOTE : Unless otherwise expressly stated , pricing and offers mentioned in these articles are only valid for up to 30 days from initial publication date and may be subject to change . | [
"Genesis 5",
"Chuck Missler",
"Questions Answer"
] |
http://khouse.org/enews_article/2005/1008/print/ | When Was Jesus Born ? Each year at Christmas we celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ . After the New Year , we struggle to remember to add a year as we date our checks , which should remind us that the entire Western World reckons its calendar from the birth of the One who changed the world more than any other before or since . Yet , it is disturbing to discover that much of what we have been taught about the Christmas season seems to be more tradition than truth . Most serious Bible students realize that Jesus was probably not born on December 25th . The shepherds had their flocks in open fields , which implies a date prior to October . Furthermore , no competent Roman administrator would require registration involving travel during the season when Judea was generally impassable . If Jesus was n ' t born on December 25 , just when was he born ? Although the Bible does n ' t explicitly identify the birthday of our Lord , many scholars have developed diverse opinions as to the likely birthday of Jesus . The early Christian church did not celebrate Jesus ' birth , and therefore the exact date was not preserved in festivals . The first recorded mention of December 25th is in the Calendar of Philocalus ( AD 354 ) , which assumed Jesus ' birth to be Friday , December 25th , AD 1 . This was subsequent to Constantine ' s Edict of Toleration in AD 313 , which officially ended the government - sanctioned persecution of the Christians . The date of December 25th , which was officially proclaimed by the church fathers in AD 440 , was The year of Jesus โ birth is broadly accepted as 4 BC , primarily from erroneous conclusions derived from Josephus โ recording of an eclipse , assumed to be on March 13 , 4 BC , โ shortly before Herod died . โ There are a number of problems with this in addition to the fact that it was more likely the eclipse occurred on December 29 , 1 B.C. Considerable time elapsed between Jesus โ birth and Herod โ s death since the family fled to Egypt to escape Herod โ s edict and they did n โ t Another approach in determining the date of Jesus โ birth is from information about John the Baptist . Elisabeth , John โ s mother , was a cousin of Mary and the wife of a priest named Zacharias who was of the โ course โ of Abijah ( Priests were divided into 24 courses and each course officiated in the Temple for one week , from Sabbath to Sabbath ) . When the Temple was destroyed by Titus on August 5 , 70 AD , the first course of priests had just taken office . Since the course of Abijah Elisabeth hid herself for five months and then the Angel Gabriel announced to Mary both Elisabeth โ s condition and that Mary also would bear a son who would be called Jesus . Mary went โ with haste โ to visit Elisabeth , who was then in the first week of her sixth month , or the fourth week of December , 3 BC . If Jesus was born 280 days later it would place the date of his birth on September 29 , 2 BC . If Jesus was born on September 29 , 2 BC , it is The Feasts of Israel ) . To learn more about the origin and history of our Christmas traditions check out our newly updated briefing pack titled The Christmas Story | [
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http://kiconcerts.com/choral/ | Choir Events Combining the best of Custom and Festival Tour experiences Italy John Dickson June 2020 England Thomas Lloyd June 2020 Austria Leck Sharkova June 2020 Ireland Rollo Dilworth July 2020 Canada Bradley Leck July 2020 Costa Rica Ian Loeppky May 2019 Canada Elena Sharkova June 2019 Ireland McGlynn Leck June 2019 Austria John Dickson June 2019 Austria Catherine Sailer DM June 2019 Canada Leck Poloz July 2019 Italy Janet Galvรกn July 2019 England Rollo Dilworth JuneJuly 2019 UK HIYF Spring WORLDWIDE Festivals Yearround Destinations Custom Concert Tours Outstanding Choir festivals around the World KIconcerts has toured fine choirs internationally for 30 years arranging unforgettable concerts in inspiring venues and amazing destinations Stand alone and shared performances clinics instrumental accompaniment warm audiences VIP attendance custom and festival tours featuring some of the greatest choral luminaries Venues as extraordinary as St Peters Basilica Westminster Abbey Beijings Forbidden City Concert Hall Berlin Dome and the Sydney Opera House with concerts in smaller towns suburbs and communities welcoming and appreciative Tours underpinned by great guides the best buses most suitable hotels terrific eating experiences and informative sightseeing | [
"Choir Events"
] |
http://kiddyhouse.com/Farm/Chicken/ | All About Chickens Farm Animals HOMEPAGE Teacher ' s Corner Kid ' s Corner Holidays & Celebrations Other Themes Chicken Facts Chickens are domestic or farm birds . The live span of a chicken is about 10 to 15 years . The male is larger and more brightly colored than the female . This is common feature in birds . The males show off their colorful feathers to attract the females . A chicken has a comb on the head and two wattles under the neck . The male has a larger comb compared to the female . The male is called a rooster . The female is called a hen while the young are called chicks . The female is usually ready to lay her first eggs when she is around six months old . The morning call your hear on the farm every morning is actually the rooster crowing " cock - a - doodle - doo " . The female is called a hen and she goes " cluck - cluck " . The young are called chicks and they go " chick - chick " . What do chickens eat ? Chickens eat worms , insects , seeds , grains , snails , slugs , fruits , vegetables and many other foods . The gizzard which is a part of the stomach contains tiny stones to help grind up the food . Who are the chicken ' s enemies ? Animals like the hawks , bobcats , snakes , skunks , owls , raccoons , foxes and opposums prey on chickens . Breeds of chickens There are approximatelty 175 varieties of chickens . They are grouped into 12 classes and approximately 60 breeds based on geographical areas : - Asiatic , American , Continental , English , Mediterranean See below for some of the different breeds : Bantams . These are miniature chicken breeds . Plymouth Rock . Originated in the United States . Marans . They are small breeds preferred for their eggs rather than meat . Leghorns . Most popular commercial breed . Usually white in color . Rhode Island Red Chicken . This is a very popular breed of chicken . Usually raised for their meat and eggs and sometimes as show birds . Life - Cycle of a chicken The hen does not need a rooster to lay eggs . However , the eggs will not hatch because they are not fertilized . Chicken eggs come in different colors like white , brown , blue or bluish green and pink . The unique blue eggs come from the Araucana breed , from South America . Most chickens will stop laying eggs when the weather is cold . They will start laying when it gets warmer again . Watch the video of " The Lifecycle of a Chicken : The Story of Penny Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . How long does it take for a chicken egg to hatch ? A hen lays an average of 300 eggs per year . The hen will sit on her eggs to keep them warm so that they will hatch into chicks . A fertilized egg starts developing into a chicken when its temperature reaches 86 degrees farenheight . A chicken takes 21 days to hatch . Have you ever seen a chicken laying an egg ? Well , this video clips shows a chicken laying an egg very clearly . Click here to watch the video CHICKEN WORKSHEETS & COLORING ACTIVITIES CHICKEN LESSON PLANS AND RESOURCES FOR TEACHERS CHICKEN CLIPARTS Free Stuff Animations Chicken animations Chickens - Hen standing - Free Bird Clipart Hen on nest clipart Hen on nest clipart CHICKEN ACTIVITIES AND GAMES John ' s Chicken Activities Ideas for games and more from a Master Teacher in pdf format . Egg Fun Recommended Age Groups : early or later Elementary CHICKEN SONGS AND RHYMES Chicken Dance Song Original lyrics . Sing along with the music format . Chicken Lyrics to kids songs format . Hickety , Pickety , My Black Hen Rhebus Rhyme Eggs Songs , Rhymes , Stories , Activities , Crafts - eggs . CHICKEN CRAFTS Eggshell Mosaic . Age : 5 + Hatch a chick String eggs . Age 5 + Claypot chick . Age 3 - 5 CHICKEN STORIES The Adventures of Ready Rooster Story coloring book about safety on the farm . Very nice . The Further Adventures of Ready Rooster Story coloring book about safety on the farm . Very nice . Links to more facts about chickens BOOKS DISCLAIMER : This is a disclaimer . We try to gather information that are as accurate as possible . However , if there are mistakes , we will not be held liable for anything . Use it at your own discretion . IMPORTANT : We are not responsible for any links beyond our site . | [
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http://kidjacked.com/defense/feet_on_the_ground.asp | In 1996 , more than 5.2 million children lived with one biological parent and either a stepparent or adoptive parent , up from 4.5 million in 1991 . Keeping Your Feet on the Ground After a CPS Visit ! by : SusieQ I have questioned many people lately and have found that CPS happens to nearly every parent . Of course not only do I know this from an advocate perspective , but I asked around recently to find that even the most respectable parents in good positions ( like law enforcement or boys and girls club facilitators ) . . . one thing we all have in common . . . every parent seems to have had at least one visit from CPS in their lifetime . Is n ' t that frightening ? I have advocated for a long time for parents involved in custody issues . Even trusted our local CPS office , since I have been a part of this community for a lifetime . But as a Mom of four , I was bound to get " the call " sooner or later . And later finally came January 17 ! But listen good because in the end my kid ' s father and I went on the aggressive so quick DCFS did n ' t know what hit them . It All Started When . . . My 6 year old and fourth child , was injured on school property under the care of staff at the Boys and Girls Club early January . A difficult kindergarten teacher did not bother asking me how Coda ' s ear got bruised but just called DCFS instead . It did not help that Ms . Reta and I had personality conflicts from the beginning . And I suppose the prescriptions I saw on her desk for Prozac , and some sedatives on the first day of school should have tipped me of that there might be problems . The Knock At The Door The social worker comes to our home at 6 pm on the weeknight of January 17th , we all know why they show up then , who ' s house is running smoothly at this time of night ? I refuse to let the witch search my parents home ( in - which we are house - sitting for nearly a year ) . I inform Ms . Donley to investigate the B&G Club for abuse since Coda was injured there . I allowed Ms . Donley a quick look at my son , who did n ' t want her near him . They say kids have good instincts about people . Then , like an angry mother bear , I roared her off my property ( parents property ) . This was not a serious injury and not that consistent with child abuse . . . Most of all the injury in question did not occur under my care . All those horror stories I am privy to as an advocate kicked in my memory as she began hurriedly off to her car on the street 100 feet away . Motherly instincts and my own personality mixed causing me to yell at her while she ran to her car , the nice policemen stood in the middle . I could n ' t help but call her a child stealing witch . I knew that people like her took pleasure in lining their pockets with the bodies of stolen children from innocent families . I guess I should not have been so aggressive because as she literally ran to her car with officer between us . Before leaving Ms . Donley made it clear our family was now under an ongoing investigation of child abuse . My loud but well made points of the injury occurring somewhere else should have closed the case right now , but she proceeded to slam her car door shut ! Fear Rears It ' s Ugly Head Then fear kicks in , what did I just do ? I just scared the crap out of a SS worker and pissed her off ? You know I was this close to grabbing the bb gun ( which looks like a shot gun ) off the cabinet wall . While Charlie proceeded to quickly clean the house , I got my two kids ( still at home ) into the ' safety ' of my car . We drove by the court house and the DCFS office to see if her vehicle was parked in either place as if trying to obtain a late night court order . Apparently she had gone home . I knew I would be safe for the night . The little ones were unaware of any real trouble so we tucked them in , but Charlie and I did not sleep a wink as I thought of all the horror stories from AFRA . My heart pounded at the thought of our poor little boys , scared and alone , away from Mommy , Daddy and the comfort of their own home , cold and afraid in a strange place ; a dark bedroom . Coda had been partially deaf till he was four and very shy of others . His bond with me was great and being ripped away from me would have put that little boy in shock . I was not scared for myself but my children ' s well - being . I shuddered at the thought of my boys in foster care Temporarily insane with worry , lack of food and sleep . . . I e - mailed Leonard some dark thoughts . By 7 am my head had cleared , Charlie and I got busy , he took the day off of work . His bosses were sympathetic and willing to help . Amazingly , my head cleared , my legal mind kicked in and we got to work . Down To Business First thing on the agenda was to file a ' statement of fact ' with social services office . I created a one page statement to social services , stating the facts regarding any allegations with a promise to provide 5 items of documented proof with in 48 hours ( actually got all of it to the office by 4 pm that day ) . Charlie and I notarized the statement and hand delivered it ( date officially stamped by receptionist ) while Ms . Donley happened to be at the front desk area watching ( with a glare I might add ) . In addition , 2 more copies were stamped , received , and given to Ms Then I officially took my boys out of school for the remainder of the week . This to keep them safe from incognito SS attempts to question and steal my children while we were separated from them . It is not truancy if you go to the school , inform them that your children will be out for the rest of the week on a family emergency AND request all homework for those days to be missed . Charlie and I then drove our kids to the Indian Reservation where my sister lives with her husband . . . sovereign Documentation Is Important We arrived at the Boys and Girls Club even before they opened , to get staff members from Boys and Girls Club to write an official written statement on Coda ' s hurt ear . Staff at B&G Club happy to help , partially feeling responsible for the CPS fiasco - - and rightfully so . They had never officially documented the incident , and I could have asked them the same questions CPS would have asked me , " Why was my 6 year old under a hockey table , why was n ' t I called right away While I stayed at B&G Club , Charlie went to Hospital Records Department and obtained ER reports from early December regarding Coda ' s knick in the ear when I cut his hair ( just to cma ) . ER reports nothing unusual . Cut was very minor and physician only put on butterfly band - aids to make mom feel better . Doc sees this kind of thing frequently and does n ' t feel it is consistent with child abuse . After explaining our situation to the receptionist at our busy family physician , Sharon squeezes Coda in for a doctor ' s appointment at 2 : 15 pm . Sharon is also miffed at the circumstances . Our family physician evaluates Coda ' s ear . No medical treatment was required at the time of injury nor was it required now . It was a minor injury and not consistent with child abuse . Nor had he noticed any patterns of abuse in our family the 20 years he has known us . The child was in great condition , We then re - rented our camcorder from RAC , Video taped our clean house during normal daytime hours - - the house I refused to let her search at a messy 6 pm . Since Coda was available after the physician ' s appointment , we taped him playing happily , watching DVD ' s , teasing parents , and playing . . . well dressed . Viewing this tape , I think to myself , if one of our local Judges sees this , will he believe that our child is abused or neglected ? Knowing our local Judges are cautious about social services and re - viewing the video tape , I am comfortable that this will speak for itself in court . We gathered our three ' personal ' references requested earlier that day , my son ' s former teacher with the school district , Charlie ' s boss ( well respected businessman ) , and my own grown daughter ( best reference ever , a child you already raised ) . They all confirm our decent parenting skills and involvement in children ' s lives . All this was turned in by 4 pm to DCFS office . We felt it was best to keep the boys at the reservation with my sister ' s family until Saturday . When we heard nothing back by Friday night , and of course no one from DCFS would return our phone calls , we allowed children back home . In three days we barely slept and I had lost 11 pounds . Handling The School Problem On Monday , I called Coda ' s special education kindergarten teacher , Ms . Reta , and not only informed her of the B&G Club injury , but confronted her about calling CPS . I actually got an indirect admission of guilt . I let her know Coda would no longer be attending her class and immediately removed Coda from that school entirely . A week later I filed a complaint against that 1st year teacher with the school board and the school district . Fortunately the school administrator who got a copy of that complaint knows me as Susie Homemaker ( she judges the holiday recipe contests I win every year ) . The school administrator hears the details , confesses she has had problems with Coda ' s teacher anyway . She assures me she will take it from here - the situation will be handled . Coda does not legally have to attend school , however since he needs social interaction and some kind of education to catch up his speech , I have been working with trusted members of the school district , who I have known for sometime , and he is now attending another school with a regular classroom . Today at 10 am , I am going in to review Coda ' s school records and his teacher ' s notes ( which CPS can review at any time ) to amend any errors in judgments made by Ms . Reta . Since January 17th , we have not heard one more word from CPS , but I am ready . Just bought a house and moved in , the camcorder is waiting , fully charged at any moment in case of a surprise visit . I have two or three more tricks up my sleeve , which I am saving up , just in case I really need it . My friend Wilma at CBS local Channel 2 news , and then there is our long time family friend , the Senator . So we wait , I mean after all . . . we were notified January 17th that we were under an ongoing investigation of child abuse and until I am informed that is the case is closed , we must stay on our toes . If something happens , it will be war . My kids wo n ' t be taken from me quietly and it will be filmed ! I have raised enough of a fuss over this already , I think anyone else would think twice before pulling a Ms . Reta again . But if so , I am ready ! ' Triumph over adversity , molds and shapes us into the person we are today ' Courtroom Demeanor When They Come After You CPS Comes Calling Catch More Flies Updated June 8 , 2008 | [
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] |
http://kidneypathology.com/English_version/Vessels_histology.htm | Normal Histology Index Glomeruli Interstitium Tubules - Vessels Vessels The main renal artery arises from the aorta and it is divided , usually , into the anterior and posterior branches and sometimes also into an inferior division . This artery is divided to form the segmental arteries , usually four or five , although there are many variants . These arteries irrigate different segments of the kidney and they are end arteries : there is not significant collateral circulation between the territories supplied by them . The segmental arteries divide within the renal sinus to form the interlobar arteries which enter the kidney crossing the space between the calyces and adjacent cortical parenchyma , they continue by the space between pyramids ( medulla ) and the septa or columns of Bertin ( the cortical tissue that surrounds pyramids ) . The interlobar arteries divide , dichotomously , to originate the arcuate arteries that are located between cortex and medulla , tending to surround one half of a pyramid . This arrangement creates two sets of arcuate arteries between adjacent pyramids with each of the sets running between the septa of Bertin and the medullary tissue in the pyramids . Each one of these sets supplies a part of the septum proximate to it . This vascular pattern reinforces the concept that septa of Bertin are derived by the process of lobar fusion , whereby the cortical cap of the pyramid in each lobe fuses with its neighbour during fetal development ( Heptinstall ' s Pathology of the Kidney , 5ยบ Edition . 1998 ; pp . 17 - 18 ) . The arcuate arteries converge near the centers of the basal surfaces of the pyramids , but do not anastomose ( end arteries ) . The arcuates give off branches : the interlobular or cortical radial arteries , which are arranged radially over the basal surface of the pyramids , perpendicular to the renal surface . Few interlobular arteries reach the surface of the kidney where anastomose with capsular branches of suprarenal and gonadal arteries . The interlobular arteries give off lateral branches at regular intervals : the afferent arterioles . Some afferent arterioles can form directly of the arcuate , or even directly of interlobars . There are not arteries penetrating in the renal medulla . The veins are originated in the cortex and follow parallel to the interlobular , arcuate , interlobar , and segmental arteries until forming the main renal vein . Figure 1 . The arcuate arteries ( green arrow ) run by the interstitial space between the cortex and medulla , and they are accompanied by lymphatic vessels , nerves and veins ( asterisk ) ( H&E , X100 ) . Figure 1b . Arteries have internal and external elastic lamina ; with immunofluorescence the elastic lamina is autofluorescent and is better evidenced ( Direct immunofluorescence for IgG , X400 ) . Figure 2 . The cortical radial or interlobular arteries ( asterisk ) are branches of the arcuate and originate the afferent arterioles . Usually they have , depending of the thickness of their wall , several layers of muscular cells . The structures marked with the green arrows are arterioles . ( H&E , X300 ) . Figure 3 . In arteries there is an elastic lamina located between the intima and the muscular layer . This elastic lamina can be easily seen in the greatest arteries and it is more difficult to identify , with routine satins , in the smaller arteries . In this image the elastic lamina is well evidenced ( arrows ) ; it is undulated when the artery has relaxed its wall , as it happens in habitually processed tissues . ( Gomori โ s trichrome , X300 ) . The efferent arterioles form the peritubular capillary plexus shortly after they are formed or after running variable distances into medullary rays . The medulla receives blood exclusively from the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary glomeruli . The blood passes from the peritubular capillaries to the interlobular veins . Figure 4 . The arterioles are usually seen in relation to its respective glomerulus . Normally , they have one to three layers of smooth muscular cells . In this image we see an arteriole with a sinuous course ( green arrows ) and its glomerulus ( asterisk ) ( H&E , X400 ) . Figure 5 . Glomerular arteriole ( green arrow ) . When we only see one of the two arteries in the glomerular hilium is very difficult or impossible to differentiate , with the routine stains , if it is afferent or efferent arteriole ( H&E , X400 ) . The renal arteries and arterioles have the same histologic structure that arteries or arterioles elsewhere in the body . They are formed by endothelium , subendothelial connective tissue or intima , internal elastic lamella ( difficult to identify in the small arteries ) , muscular media , and adventitia that fuses with the interstitial tissue . Afferent arterioles are the main resistance vessel in the kidney and regulate blood flow by contraction or relaxation of the layers of smooth muscle . [ Top ] Bibliography Venkatachalam MA , Kriz W . Anatomy . In : Jennete JC , Olson JL , Schwartz MM , Silva FG ( editors ) Heptinstall ' s Pathology of the Kidney , 5ยบ Edition . Lippincott - Raven , Philadelphia , 1998 ; pp . 3 - 66 . Kern WF , Silva FG , Laszik ZG , Bane BL , Nadasdy T , Pitha JV . . Atlas of Renal Pathology . W . B . Saunders Company , Philadelphia , 1999 ; pp . 1 - 6 . [ Top ] Histology : Glomeruli Interstitium Tubules Index | [
"renal artery",
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http://kidneys.emedtv.com/cellcept/cellcept-uses.html | CellCept Uses What Is CellCept Used For ? CellCept ยฎ mycophenolate mofetil ) is a prescription " anti - rejection " medication used in combination with other medicines to prevent organ rejection after a heart , kidney , or liver transplant . It belongs to a group of medicines called immunosuppressants . An organ transplant is the transfer of a healthy organ from one person ( an organ donor ) into another person who has a failing organ ( the organ recipient ) . Not all organs can be transplanted . Commonly transplanted organs include the kidneys , lungs , liver , heart , pancreas , and small intestine . The immune system is responsible for protecting the body against potentially harmful foreign invaders . After an organ transplant , the immune system can tell that the new organ is not a normal part of the body . As a result , it may attack the new organ and try to get rid of it ; this is called transplant rejection . Transplant rejection can cause the transplanted organ to fail . Most people who receive an organ transplant need to take anti - rejection medicines , such as CellCept , for the rest of their lives to prevent transplant rejection from occurring . CellCept is used to prevent transplant rejection after a kidney , heart , or liver transplant . It is always used in combination with cyclosporine Gengraf ยฎ Neoral Sandimmune ) and a corticosteroid , or steroid medicine ( such as prednisone ) . | [
"CellCept",
"liver transplant",
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http://kidneyschool.org/m09/1/ | Food ! It ' s a vital part of our culture and our family traditions . Meals are something we look forward to each day . Food is love , comfort , and memories . We all have favorite foods , things we do n ' t like , foods we learned to like over time , and foods we used to eat but do n ' t any more . We may have pounds to lose or weight to gain . We may love to cook or never set foot in a kitchen . Any way we look at it , food is a big part of life . A chronic illness like kidney failure can require changes in your eating and drinking habits . These lifestyle changes can be hard to understand โ and even harder to make ! If you have kidney failure โ with or without diabetes , meal planning may even seem almost impossible . As one patient said : From what I have read , we are supposed to buy something to eat , throw it in the trash , and eat the box that it came in โ everything else is bad for us . Do n ' t worry โ we can help ! In this module , we ' ll try to make it clearer for you . Stick with us , and we ' ll teach you about food and drinks . . .and give you practical tips to make your life easier . At the end of this module , we ' ll give you 2 weeks of sample menus to help you plan . Our goal is to show you how you can take charge of your food and fluids . If you do , you can feel better , improve your lab results , and have a better quality of life . Here ' s a sneak preview of what we ' ll be covering in this program : Nutrition basics Getting the right amounts of key nutrients Planning meals and eating out Strategies for lifestyle changes So , let ' s get started . Take the Kidney Quiz ! You ' ll have a better sense of how much you ' ve learned from this module if you take our quick kidney quiz . It ' s just 10 questions . How about it ? take quiz Next What if I Have CKD but Not Kidney Failure ? This module is designed to help you learn about meal planning for peritoneal dialysis ( PD ) or standard in - center hemodialysis ( HD ) โ with or without diabetes . Other types of dialysis , like daily or nocturnal HD , have a near - normal diet . If you have an early stage of chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) , talk to your doctor about what to eat โ and what to avoid . He or she may refer you to a dietitian , who can help you with a meal plan . This meal plan might include : Limiting protein . Some research shows that you can slow the rate of some by eating less protein . Another reason to eat less protein is avoiding a build - up of urea . Other studies suggest limiting protein may be risky if it leads to malnutrition . Talk to your doctor about what ' s best for you . Drinking more fluids . Your doctor may want you to drink plenty of fluids to help flush out wastes . If you have a history of kidney stones , drinking more water is recommended . Taking phosphate binders . Having too much phosphorus can harm your bones . You may be asked to take phosphate binders โ drugs that keep extra phosphorus out of your blood by binding with it and removing it in your stool . Eating less phosphorus . You can not avoid all foods with phosphorus , but it is good to learn about how to eat less phosphorus . Limiting salt . If your blood pressure is high , your doctor may want you to eat less salt to help keep your kidneys working longer . Your doctor and a renal ( kidney ) dietitian can help you sort out your meal planning . If you do n ' t have a dietitian , your doctor may be able to refer you to one . If you want to learn more about what your meal plans might be like when you are on dialysis , keep reading ! We ' ll help you understand what to eat more of and what to eat less of if you choose PD or standard in - center Page 1 of 39 | Further reading Download & print En Espaรฑol Tell us how we ' re doing ! Take our survey . | [
"kidney failure",
"Nutrition",
"Fluids"
] |
http://kidneyschool.org/m16/ | Module 16 Long - term Effects of Dialysis People with kidney failure can live for decades with dialysis and / or a kidney transplant . Learning what you can do to avoid common complications can help you stay healthier in the long run . Topics covered in this module include : Choosing the life you want Heart disease Renal osteodystrophy ( bone disease ) Amyloidosis Neuropathy ( nerve damage ) Start here ! Would you like to print this module ? Download it here | [
"kidney",
"Amyloidosis"
] |
http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9273506/capitalism | capitalism Introduction An economic system that features private ownership of the means of production ( such as factories , offices , and shipping enterprises ) and in which market forces determine the way in which goods are produced and the means by which income and profit are distributed is called capitalism . Other names for this system are free market economy and free enterprise . All three terms were coined in the late 19th and the early 20th century to describe economic arrangements that began developing centuries ago in Europe . Alternatives to capitalism include central planning ( or โ command โ economies , such as communism ) and those based on the principle of tradition , as experienced in monarchies . Because a pure form of each economic system exists only in theory , most economic systems follow a particular approach but incorporate aspects of other systems . Mixed economies that The word capital refers to resources โ such as human labor , machinery , land , buildings , and money โ that are used to produce other goods and services . These resources are also called factors of production , because they contribute to the production of goods from farms , factories , small enterprises , and offices . The capitalist is the individual โ or group of individuals โ who invests money in an enterprise in exchange for potential profits in the future . In the context of capitalism , the term private property has a specific definition : it signifies the means of production . A farm as property offers the means by which food is produced , just as a factory as property represents the means by which durable goods are produced . As an example of services a physician โ s office and equipment are the physician โ s property , which the physician uses in the treatment of patients . The heart of capitalism rests on the entrepreneur โ s right to produce what he or she wishes and the The other two terms used to describe capitalism , free market economy and free enterprise , put a slightly different slant on the meaning . They have in common the word free , but economic liberties should not be confused with political liberties such as those experienced in a democracy ; in other words , it is possible for a capitalist economic system to develop within a socialist economic system . The implication is that people are free to choose how they use their capital resources ( for example , they decide how much to save , how much to The creation of wealth in the past few centuries was made possible because capitalism emerged in free , or nearly free , societies that allowed individuals to seek to better their own conditions without being given orders by higher authorities . In other words , the economic system of capitalism offers the means by which individuals are motivated to improve their lives through hard work and innovation . It was the first modern economist , Adam Smith , who noted in 1776 that individuals naturally seek their own advantage . This can be achieved in two ways : by individual effort or at someone else โ s expense . But it is impossible for everyone to succeed at everyone else โ s expense . Therefore most individuals will contribute to a productive economic system , seeking to do or make something that others will pay for , or they will work for an organization that makes products or provides services that are purchased and used by others . In pursuit of their own advantage , people in a capitalist economic society use their imaginations . They innovate by finding new ways to do old tasks . They discover new solutions to old problems and develop new products . Such innovation is the foundation of continued wealth creation . For example , communication by wire started with the invention of the telegraph . Then came the telephone and voice communication by wire . This was followed by radio , wireless communication . Next was sending visual signals to television sets . Now global communication can be transmitted through networks An aspect of this dynamism is seen in the Industrial Revolution . This long - term development truly revolutionized the way goods were produced , and it created employment for millions of individuals . Although the earliest working conditions in the Industrial Revolution were often difficult , dangerous , or unhealthy , public awareness and social movements led to better employment standards . The result has been safer job conditions , fairer labor practices , and a significantly improved standard of living for whole societies . ( See also Industrial Revolution industry mass production . ) Characteristics of Free Enterprise ยฉ Mirenska Olga / Shutterstock . com In addition to personal freedom , private property rights , and innovation , capitalism is characterized by the specialization of jobs ( known as the division of labor ) , a price system , profits , and generally accepted rules . None of these originated with capitalism . They have existed as long as people have performed economic functions . The difference lies in the distinctive roles they were made to play in the free market economy . Capitalism is society organized as a market , in contrast to society organized as government and subjects . Money , land , machinery , labor , channels of distribution , and buying and selling all work together to form such a market . Some institutions , notably government and religion , stand apart from the market ; but they also depend upon the wealth it creates for their well - being . Taxes , for instance , are portions of wealth taken from society to pay for government functions . Division of Labor At one time nearly all work was agricultural . ( In poor countries it still is . ) As civilizations developed and cities were formed , the role of agriculture as an employer of people began to diminish . Individuals undertook new tasks : mining , handicrafts , trade , and weaving cloth , for example . This simple division of labor paved the way for a greater creation of wealth in a society , because it permitted people to specialize in certain types of work , thereby creating more efficient ways for producing the wares required in daily life In contrast to the earliest agricultural societies , the division of labor in the contemporary world is extraordinary , represented to consumers by the great diversity of products and services available . The division of labor is more clearly evident in the factories that make these products . A look into an automobile plant , in which cars are assembled in a series of steps , will show specialization along a production line : managers have decided which tasks each worker will perform , and they have also determined which production tasks can be handled by machines , and which Price In a market economy , price is the controlling factor . If a seller charges too much for a product or service , buyers in a free market economy will turn to other vendors who offer fairer prices . Likewise , a seller who charges too little might fail to keep up with demand for products โ or worse , the seller might not earn enough to cover the costs of the products for sale . The price mechanism brings order to these economic exchanges . Certainly prices have existed as long as goods and services were bought and sold Prior to capitalism land , labor , resources , and money were largely under government control or under the control of wealthy elites with close ties to government . During the European Middle Ages , for instance , land was required to remain the property of a family for generations . Similarly , ordinary people were locked into specific jobs that were carried on by their descendants generation after generation : being a farmer or artisan was passed from father to son and from mother to daughter . Production was undertaken to support the state and religion , and the see feudalism ) . Although the continuous development of capitalism as a system dates only from the 16th century , antecedents of capitalist institutions existed in the ancient world , and flourishing pockets of capitalism were present during the later European Middle Ages . The development of capitalism was spearheaded by the growth of the English cloth industry during the 16th , 17th , and 18th centuries . What distinguished this era of capitalism from previous systems was the use of profits to expand production in ways that could create even greater wealth . Before this , profits were just as likely to be Over time , the medieval system in Europe gave way to a new social and economic order : land was sold by kings and nobles in desperate need of money . Workers and craftspeople , driven from the land that had been owned by their lords and masters , became a landless class of poor subsistence workers . But as a market economy started growing , these poor were able to hire themselves out as laborers for whatever wages they could command . A wage is considered a price โ in this case , a price paid for labor . Just as products command a price , so money , too , can be obtained for a price โ the price of borrowing it . This price is called interest . The rate of interest varies with the supply of money available for investment in an enterprise . Like money , the other factors of production are not in unlimited supply . When it is free to react to market conditions ( such as supply and demand ) , the price mechanism proves to be the most useful way of allocating all the factors in the economy in the most In a perfectly free market ( which exists only in theory ) , prices tend to be stable . Resources are allocated to those who can make best use of them at the time . The level of employment also tends to be stable and high , because workers will go where they are most needed . If the carriage maker โ s factory closes because automobiles are making carriages obsolete , the labor force will shift to the new industry . When carriages can no longer be sold , their prices collapse ; but the prices of cars will increase . In this way prices work together with supply and demand to sort out the elements of the economy . Pricing is therefore somewhat like an ongoing auction , with the buyers bidding for the specific factors they need , whether it be money , workers , raw materials , or land . This is also known as an allocation of resources . If there were enough of everything for everyone , prices would be unnecessary ; but then , there Profit This has been the most controversial aspect of capitalism , because it has been so thoroughly misunderstood . Critics of capitalism have contended that profit was the goal of capitalist greed : something to which the workers were rightfully entitled but which the bosses stole ; or something extra for the owners above all real costs . One reason profits have gained a bad reputation is the popular misconception that company profit margins are enormous . In fact they are quite small in proportion to total revenues โ usually running about 5 to 6 percent of total sales , but Profit is , in fact , nothing more than the portion of revenue that exceeds current expenses . A business that earns a profit is not only able to keep operating ; it is also able to innovate , to seek new markets , and to expand with new machinery and plants . Without profit , only the costs of current production , such as raw materials and wages , would be covered . If there were a loss , even those costs could not be paid . In any business , profit acts as a signal to indicate the Rules Order is brought to the economy by the price system and by rules that everyone agrees upon . Some rules are common to society : for example , no theft or fraud shall be permitted , nor will any transactions involve illegal goods or services . In an increasingly complex economic system , other requirements , such as licensing , certification , or proof of citizenship , will limit access to the market . Many transactions are also guided by the rules of contract . Contracts are voluntary ( but legally binding ) agreements entered into by two or more See also contract . ) Unplanned order The four characteristics described above ( division of labor , price , profit , and rules ) have worked together to establish a society ( even on a global scale ) connected by an intricate network of market relationships . This market system was unplanned . It evolved slowly , as did the rules by which it operates . The market is a product of spontaneous human action but not human design . People , impelled by nature to maximize their well - being , created what proved to be workable arrangements that augmented individual and social prosperity . The Goods and services Given the great variety of items sold in a capitalist economic system , a distinction must be made between goods and services . In the case of goods , something is produced : food , clothing , cars , houses , and more . Goods are also called products or commodities ( though sometimes commodities are natural resources ) . Services are not products , though services use many products . A motion picture , for example , is a product , but some means of delivering that product are defined as a service . To show the movie publicly There is another significant difference between goods and services . Products provide the basic wealth of society , because wealth is typically represented by tangible goods . A service can not be wealth , because once it has been performed it ceases to be . Services can , however , be a signal of wealth , because societies that have produced a great deal of wealth , such as the United States , Germany , and Japan , are notable for the variety and quantity of services . By contrast societies that have little wealth will have fewer services available Consumers and Value Just as producers sell goods and services , customers buy value for themselves . In a truly free economy the consumer is thus the dominant partner in the relationship , because it is the consumer who ascribes value to his purchases โ or he would not make them . Products and services that consumers do not want have no market value , no matter how highly the producers regard them . In the past some economists mistakenly assumed that producers created value by the effort , material , and time that went into making a commodity . But the time and effort put into a product or service can not be readily quantified . To be sure , there are costs of production , but they are influenced by the price the producer believes he will get from selling the product . The producer , in other words , must try to guess what value the consumer will ascribe to the product and estimate the price customers would be willing to The role of the consumer in determining value indicates that the market system parallels some of the ways in which a democracy operates . Consumers โ vote โ for or against products and services with the money they spend . If a product fails to meet the buyers โ expectations , the buyers will switch to another ; and the producer will be voted out of business . Workers can also vote by moving away from jobs with poor pay or unhealthy conditions to jobs that pay higher wages and offer a safe working environment . Critics of Capitalism Supporters of capitalism declare that economic freedom is the most basic of human liberties , because it creates greater opportunities for advancement for the greatest number of people . Yet the market system has been strongly criticized by opponents who claim that it fails to provide an equally high standard of living for all . The claim is true : there are and always will be inequalities of wealth under capitalism , but they are not as extreme as the inequalities to be found in other economic systems . The goal of equality of wealth can only be pursued by force , and governments must do the forcing . An economy itself has no mechanisms of coercion available to it . Those 20th - century systems that relied on force โ communism and fascism โ failed to achieve a high standard of living for any but a minority . But these are not economic systems ; they are political systems . The market economy , by contrast , does not guarantee equal outcomes for all . It merely operates on the assumption of liberty and equality under law for communism fascism Capitalism has been denounced for having business cycles , periods of โ boom and bust . โ ( business cycle inflation . ) Although individuals and societies tend to prefer security and stability , it is true that capitalism is always changing . But an economy is never a finished process . The market economy is dynamic , flexible , and always in flux , because its continuation depends to a great extent on technological change , new information , and innovation . New needs emerge and alternate means of producing established products are devised . Just as industrializing economies saw losses in the number of farming jobs , so now the number of manufacturing jobs is shrinking worldwide . Such Additional Reading Braudel , Fernand . Civilization and Capitalism , 15th โ 18th Century ( University of California Press , 1992 ) . Gilpin , Robert , and Gilpin , Jean M . The Challenge of Global Capitalism ( Princeton University Press , 2002 ) . Heyne , Paul , and others . The Economic Way of Thinking , 10th ed . ( Prentice Hall , 2003 ) . Jay , Peter . The Wealth of Man ( Public Affairs , 2000 ) . O โ Toole , Patricia . Money and Morals in America : A History ( Clarkson Potter , 1998 ) . Seldon , Arthur . Capitalism ( Liberty Fund , 2004 ) . | [
"capitalism",
"economic system",
"free market economy"
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http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9273513/carbon-dioxide | carbon dioxide Encyclopรฆdia Britannica , Inc . A colorless gas , carbon dioxide has a faint , sharp odor and a slightly sour taste . Each molecule of carbon dioxide consists of one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen . Its chemical formula is CO 2 Carbon dioxide makes up about 0.03 percent of the air . Slight as that amount is , plants and animals depend upon it for life . Green plants make their nutrients with it . They combine the carbon dioxide with water to make sugar by the process called photosynthesis ( see photosynthesis ) . From the sugar , the plants then make starch and cellulose . Animals eat the plants and in getting energy from the food , they produce carbon dioxide and return it to the air as they breathe ( see respiratory system ) . From the air the gas enters again into photosynthesis . ( See also plant . ) Besides being produced in respiration , carbon dioxide is formed when carbon - containing materials such as wood , coal , and petroleum products are burned with plenty of oxygen in and above the fire . If the oxygen supply in the heated zone is poor , some carbon atoms combine with only one oxygen atom and carbon monoxide ( CO ) , a poisonous gas , is formed ( carbon monoxide ) . Carbon dioxide gas dissolves in water , forming carbonic acid ( CO 2 + H O โ H CO 3 ) . When this weak acid reacts with some substances , it forms products called carbonates . One carbonate of importance is sodium bicarbonate ( NaHCO 3 ) , or baking soda . Carbonates and acids react to release carbon dioxide . One such reaction with hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) is : NaHCO + HCl โ NaCl + CO + H O In making biscuits and other baked goods this reaction occurs in baking powder or between baking soda and the acid in sour milk . The formation of the carbon dioxide gas and its expansion raises the dough . ( See also bread and baking . ) An ordinary soft drink is water with flavoring and carbon dioxide gas dissolved in it under pressure . Tight bottling holds the pressure until the bottle top is removed . Then the gas effervesces , or bubbles out . Some fire extinguishers are filled with compressed carbon dioxide gas . Other form the gas from chemicals ( fire extinguisher ) . | [
"carbon dioxide",
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http://kids.britannica.com/elementary/article-353382/Liberty-Bell | Liberty Bell In Philadelphia in 1776 , the Liberty Bell rang to announce the independence of the United States from Great Britain . At that time , however , the bell was not called the Liberty Bell . People who wanted liberty , or freedom , for slaves gave the bell its name in 1839 . The Liberty Bell is mostly copper and tin . It is 3 feet ( 91 centimeters ) high and 12 feet ( 3.7 meters ) around at the bottom . It weighs about 2,080 pounds ( 943 kilograms ) . On the bell is a verse from the Bible ( Leviticus 25 : 10 ) : โ Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof . โ The Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly ( the colony โ s group of lawmakers ) ordered the bell from Britain in 1751 . In June 1753 it was hung in the steeple of the assembly โ s building . People rang the bell to announce meetings and public gatherings . Officials rang the bell on July 8 , 1776 , to announce the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence . During the American Revolution , patriots hid the bell from British soldiers . The British might have melted it down to make cannonballs . After the war , the bell went back to the assembly building โ which was renamed Independence Hall . The bell cracked in 1835 , probably during the funeral of Chief Justice John Marshall . The crack got bigger in 1846 . Since then , the bell has not rung . In 2003 the bell was moved to a new building , called Liberty Bell Center , near Independence Hall . Did You Know ? The Liberty Bell was rung for the last time for George Washington โ s birthday in 1846 . | [
"Liberty Bell"
] |
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