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http://kids.britannica.com/elementary/article-390730/DNA | DNA Introduction DNA is the material that carries all the information about how a living thing will look and function . For instance , DNA in humans determines such things as what color the eyes are and how the lungs work . Each piece of information is carried on a different section of the DNA . These sections are called genes DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid . It is in every cell of every living thing . DNA is found in structures of the cell called chromosomes . Both DNA and chromosomes are tiny . Scientists need to use very powerful microscopes to see them . Functions Structure Genetic Code | [
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http://kids.emedtv.com/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-and-medications.html | Breastfeeding and Medications A Frustrating Lack of Information In this day and age of modern medicine and abundant scientific research , you ' d think we ' d know just about everything concerning medication safety for breastfeeding women . However , the actual situation could n ' t be more different . We know almost nothing about the safety of many medications during breastfeeding , even ones that are commonly used . So what ' s a mother to do ? Before you vow to avoid all medications , which is a common response to this issue in mothers , read this article to better understand how to find information and what to do when no information is available . Research on Drugs and Breastfeeding Quite often , women are frustrated to hear that no ( or very little ) information is available about the use of a particular drug during breastfeeding . They wonder if the scientific community just does n ' t care about breastfeeding women and their babies . However , there is a very good reason why many medications have never been systematically studied in breastfeeding women - - it ' s typically unethical to do so . In most situations , it ' s simply not ethical to expose a baby to the potential risks a drug presents , especially because babies can not consent to the risks and will not directly benefit from the medication given to the breastfeeding mothers . The type of studies that give researchers the most valuable information ( double - blind , placebo - controlled studies ) almost always specifically exclude breastfeeding women , both for ethical as well as legal reasons . So where does information about medication use during breastfeeding come from ? There are a few common sources . In some cases , a woman and her healthcare provider decide on their own to use a medication during breastfeeding , even if the risks are unknown . If the woman consents , researchers might test her milk to see if the drug passes through to the milk and will also record any problems that occur in the baby . In some types of studies , women who have decided not to breastfeed will consent to taking a dose of a medication shortly after the baby is born and to have their milk tested to see if it passes through breast milk ; this prevents exposing the baby , who will not be breastfeeding . Sometimes , information comes to light after a baby experiences problems that are thought to be the result of a medication the mother is taking . The doctors may test the baby and the milk to see how much of the medication the baby received . In general , there are a few basic types of information that can be obtained from research of medications used in breastfeeding women , such as : How much of the medication passes through breast milk How long the medication stays in the milk The blood levels of the drug in both the mother and the infant Any side effects that were seen in the infant . Unfortunately , there is no standard rating or categorizing system for medication safety during breastfeeding as there is with pregnancy . | [
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http://kids.emedtv.com/head-lice/causes-of-head-lice.html | Causes of Head Lice What Causes Head Lice ? The cause of head lice is an infestation with a parasitic insect known as Pediculus humanus capitis . This parasite is more commonly known as head lice - - so both the condition and the parasite that causes it go by the same name . Understanding Head Lice A head louse ( head lice is plural ) is a small , wingless insect . It has three pairs of legs located directly behind the head . The legs end in sharp claws that are designed for feeding and allow the louse to hold on tightly to hair or clothing . The head louse is the largest of the three types of lice ( the pubic , or crab , louse is the smallest ) . Head lice feed about five times a day . To feed , they pierce the skin with their sharp claws , injecting irritating saliva and then sucking the blood that flows . They do not become engorged , like ticks , but they do become rust - colored from the ingestion of blood . This rust color is an identifying characteristic of lice . Lice feces can be seen on the skin as rust - colored flecks . A female louse lays about six eggs ( also known as nits ) each day . They reach maturity in about 18 days . Nits become firmly cemented at the base of the hair shaft , close to the skin , so that they stay warm . Nits are hard to remove from the hair shaft . The life cycle of head lice , from egg to adult , is approximately one month . Risk Factors for Head Lice Anyone who comes in close contact ( especially head - to - head contact ) with someone who already has head lice is at greatest risk . Occasionally , head lice may be acquired from contact with clothing ( such as hats , scarves , and coats ) or other personal items ( such as brushes or towels ) that belong to an infested person . Preschool and elementary - age children ( ages 3 - 11 ) and their families are infested most often . Girls get head lice more often than boys , and women get head lice more often than men . In the United States , African Americans rarely get head lice . Personal hygiene or cleanliness in the home or school has nothing to do with the causes of head lice - - this is a myth . eMedTV ' s free HealthSavvy service can help you stay up - to - date on this topic . Sign up for HealthSavvy now . | [
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http://kids.laws.com/article-2 | Article 2 Article 2 Share What is Article 2 of the Constitution ? Article 2 of the United States Constitution is the section that makes the executive branch of the government . The Executive branch of the government is the branch that has the responsibility and authority for the administration throughout the day of the state . In the United States , the executive branch includes the President , and other executive officers like state governors . How is Article 2 Broken Down ? Article 2 of the United States Constitution is broken down into four main sections . These sections are further broken down even more into clauses . Section 1 of Article 2 of the Constitution Section 1 has 8 different clauses that all describe the rights and role of the President and Vice President of the country . Clause 1 : This is the vesting clause which says that the President of the United States has the executive power and will hold his or her office for a four year term along with a vice president for the same term . Clause 2 : Both the president and the vice president are chosen by the electors , who are usually picked by the state legislatures . Each state can choose as many electors as it has senators and representatives for that state . Clause 3 : Once the electors are chosen , they will meet in their state to vote on who shall be President and Vice President . Originally , the person with the most votes would become President while the second highest would become Vice President . However , after the passing of the 12th Amendment , Electors would vote once for a President and once for a Vice President . Clause 4 : Congress has the power to decide when Election Day will be held . Currently , the states choose their electors on the Tuesday after November ’ s first Monday . The electors then vote on the second Wednesday of December . Clause 5 : In order for an individual to be qualified to be President or Vice President , he or she must be a natural born citizen , at least 35 years old , and must have lived in the United Starts for 14 years . Clause 6 : If the President resigns , dies , is removed from office , or is not able to act out his duties , the Vice President will be responsible for replacing the President . If the Vice President is unable to continue his office , Congress must choose a suitable offer to replace him or her until the next election . Clause 7 : The President ’ s salary can not change during his term . He also can not get money from any other state or federal government . Clause 8 : The President must take an oath before entering his office Section 2 of Article 2 of the Constitution Section 2 has three different clauses that talk about the powers given to the President . Clause 1 : The President of the United States is the commander - in - chief of the military . This clause also creates a Cabinet of senior executive officers who assist the President in his duties . Clause 2 : This clause is called the Advice and Consent clause , which means that the President can use his powers only by getting help and approval of the United States Congress . Clause 3 : The President has the power to appoint officers during recesses of the court , but these appointments expire once the next session of the Senate begins . Section 3 of Article 2 of the Constitution Section 3 has five different clauses that talk about the responsibilities of the President . Clause 1 : The President has to give Congress information occasionally through a State of the Union address . The President can call for sessions of the House of Representative , the Senate , or both . Clause 3 : The President will receive all foreign ambassadors . Clause 4 : The President must work to ensure that all laws are faithfully executed . Clause 5 : The President has the power to commission the officers of the United States , including those in the military or the foreign service . Section 4 of Article 2 of the Constitution Section 4 is the last section of Article 2 . This section talks about impeachment of the President , Vice President , or any civil officers like Cabinet Secretaries or judges . Comments comments No related posts . Share Related Articles Thomas Jefferson Bush V . Gore John Hancock | [
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http://kids.laws.com/fifth-amendment | Fifth Amendment Fifth Amendment Share A Guide to the Fifth Amendment The Fifth Amendment , or Amendment V of the United States Constitution is the section of the Bill of Rights that protects you from being held for committing a crime unless you have been indicted correctly by the police . The Fifth Amendment is also where the guarantee of due process comes from , meaning that the state and the country have to respect your legal rights . The Fifth Amendment was introduced as a part of the Bill of Rights into the United States Constitution on September 5 , 1789 and was voted for by ¾ of the states History of the Fifth Amendment Once the United States won their independence from the British Parliament and monarchy that had acted like tyrants , the Framers of the United States Constitution did not trust large , centralized governments . Because of this , the Framers wrote the Bill of Rights , which were the first 10 amendments , to help protect individual freedoms from being hurt by the governmental . They included the Fifth Amendment , which gave five specific freedoms to American citizens . Understanding the Fifth Amendment Line by Line If you are confused by what each line means , here are some explanations to make the Fifth Amendment easier to understand : “ No person shall be held to answer for a capital , or otherwise infamous crime , unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury ” : No one can be put on trial for a serious crime , unless a grand jury decide first that there is enough proof or evidence so that the trial is needed . If there is enough evidence , an indictment is then issued , which means that the person who is charged with the crime will can put on trial for the crime . “ Except in cases arising in the land or naval forces , or in the militia , when in actual service in time of war or public danger ” : People in the military can go to trial without a grand jury first deciding that it is necessary . This is the case if the military person commits a crime during a national emergency or a war . “ Nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ” : If someone is put on trial for a certain crime and the trial ends , the person can not be tried once more for the same crime . If a person is convicted of a crime and then serves his or her time in jail , or if the person is acquitted , he or she can not be put on trial a second time . “ Nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself ” : The government does not have the power to make someone testify against himself . That is why a trial uses evidence and witnesses instead of the testimony of the accused person . “ Nor be deprived of life , liberty , or property , without due process of law ” : The government can not take away a person ’ s life , property , or freedom without following certain steps that give the person a fair chance . This is what is known as due process . Due Process helps protect a person ’ s rights . “ Nor shall private property be taken for public use , without just compensation ” : The government can not take away a person ’ s property for public use without somehow paying them back for it . Facts About the Fifth Amendment The Fifth Amendment was introduced into the Constitution by James Madison . The ideas in the Fifth Amendment can be traced back to the Magna Carta , which was issued in 1215 . A defendant can not be punished for using his right to silence during a criminal trial , but there are some consequences to using it in a civil trial . Comments comments No related posts . Share Related Articles Articles of the Constitution Patrick Henry Katz v . United States | [
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http://kids.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Wind_Education_for_Children | Wind Education for Children By Valorie Delp Science Teacher Source As we search for more renewable resources , wind education for children is going to become more important . Wind is a great source of energy , does no damage to the earth , is powerful enough to move vehicles , and can be harnessed in abundance . Wind Education for Kids Studying wind is actually really fascinating . For example , do you know what actually causes wind to blow ? Did you know that wind generally blows in patterns across the earth ? Perhaps even more importantly , by studying wind you can learn how to better harness it as a renewable energy source . Regardless of your reasons for studying air patterns and wind , education for children regarding wind , weather , and air can be both enlightening and fascinating . You can start by understanding a few basic concepts about wind . What Makes Wind ? Since the earth is round , and has many different types of surfaces , the sun heats the earth unevenly . While warmer air rises , the cooler air rushes in to take its place . In essence , " wind " is the word we use to describe how air moves through the atmosphere . Describing Wind When it comes to describing wind , scientists use several properties . They often describe wind in terms of its speed as well as the direction in which it is blowing . In addition , scientists have what ' s called the Beaufort Scale which rates and describes wind speeds on a scale of zero to twelve . Zero is calm with barely any wind while twelve is hurricane force winds . Also , some typical patterns of wind are named from the direction from which they blow . Therefore , an easterly blows from the east , a westerly Wind Vocabulary Did you know that when you look at the patterns of wind throughout the earth there is a definite pattern ? The pattern is affected by the seasons as well as the earth ' s rotation and the geography of the land . It is a fairly consistent and predictable pattern . There are several words that you may have even heard that scientists use to describe these patterns . Doldrums - Near the equator the winds are very light . The sun heats the earth evenly , and consequently there is mostly just warm air . It used to be , before the time when sailboats used engines , that sailors needed the wind , and therefore sailing through the equator was difficult . This area is known as the doldrums . In English , the doldrums gives the impression that there ' s not a lot going on . Jet Streams - Jet streams are " rivers " of very quickly moving air high in the troposphere . The air in a jet stream moves about 185 miles per hour . The Coriolis Effect - You ca n ' t study wind education for children without understanding the Coriolis Effect . Basically , the Coriolis Effect describes how the rotation of the earth ' bends ' the winds . If the earth did not spin , winds from the North Pole would blow straight down into the equator , and winds from the South Pole would blow straight up into the equator . However , since the earth spins , the Coriolis effect describes how winds from the North Pole are ' bent ' to the right in the Northern Hemisphere , and winds For Further Study Now that you know a little more about wind and how scientists describe wind activity , you may want to take your study a little further . Below are a few activities that will help you observe and study wind . Build an Anemometer An anemometer is an instrument that you use to measure wind speed and direction . You can build your own home anemometer and then study the wind in your backyard . Windsocks A windsock can be used to tell wind direction . Remember , wind is described by the direction from which it blows . Resources for Additional Study The Magic School Bus Kicks Up a Storm is a book about weather in general . However , the Magic School Bus series is one of the best series when it comes to teaching kids about science . Catch the Wind : All About Kites - What better way to teach kids about wind than to capture their fascination by flying kites ? An excellent book that describes the scientific principles behind studying wind . Gusts and Gales : A Book About Wind - - This book explains wind to early elementary students . However , even older children will find it highly informative . Benefits of Children Playing Ideas for Decorating Kids ' Cakes 0 Write a comment | [
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http://kids.mongabay.com/animal-profiles/south-american-tapir.html | South American tapir By Marla Lise Tapir in Brazil ' s Pantanal . Photo by Rhett A . Butler . South American Tapir Scientific Name : Tapirus terrestris The South American tapir or the Brazilian tapir is the second largest mammal in South America , second to its cousin , the Baird ’ s Tapir . There are four species of tapir in the world and three of them reside in South and Central America . Tapirs are related to horses and rhinoceroses , not pigs or anteaters , as people commonly think . They share the same type of feet – having hooves on the ends of their legs – and animals like these are known as ungulates . The South American tapir is found in lowland regions around Northern and Central South America . They are usually found near places that have salt and water . Very little is known about these quiet creatures and researchers are using methods such as camera and footprint traps to track and monitor populations in the area . Tapirs have few babies throughout their lifetime and they take a long time before giving birth the first time , which results in their recovery being very slow if the population is disturbed . All four species of tapir are considered endangered or vulnerable and the population numbers of the South American tapir have been decreasing over the past few years . Scientists believe that five of the nine known species of tapirs have already become extinct . Their habitats are slowly being destroyed due to deforestation and they are being hunted for meat . Baird ' s Tapir ( Tapirus bairdii ) ( Belize ) Baird ' s Tapir ( Tapirus bairdii ) ( Belize ) South American Tapir ( Tapirus terrestris ) crossing a road in the Pantanal ( Brazil ) South American Tapir ( Tapirus terrestris ) [ juvenile ] ( Brazil ) Lowland Tapir ( Tapirus terrestris ) crossing a road in the Pantanal Animal profiles Birds Bare - Faced Ibis Blue and Gold Macaw Common Potoo Green Honeycreeper Grey Winged Trumpeter Harpy Eagle Hoatzin Horned Screamer Jabiru Stork Malachite Kingfisher Mealy Parrot Northern Cassowary Savanna hawk Scale - crested pygmy - tyrant Rhinoceros Hornbill Scarlet Ibis Wattled Jacana Mammals Asian black bear Black - and - white ruffed lemur Black - faced spider monkey Bornean Rhino Brown capuchin monkey Capybara 2nd profile Coquerel ' s Sifaka Crowned Lemur Eastern Long Beaked Echidna Howler Monkey Kinkajou Malagasy Giant Jumping Rat Malayan Tapir Margay Mountain Gorilla Plains Zebra not a rainforest species Puma South American tapir South American coatimundi Spectral Tarsier Spider Monkey Squirrel Monkeys White - lipped peccary Woolly Monkey Reptiles Green Basilisk Leatherback Sea Turtle not a rainforest species Pygmy stump - tailed chameleon Spectacled Caiman Amphibians Giant Chinese Salamander Gladiator Tree Frog Green Poison Arrow Frog Indian Purple Frog Monkey Frog | [
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http://kids.mongabay.com/elementary/401.html | Rainforest in Honduras WHY ARE RAINFORESTS IMPORTANT ? Flying over the heart of the Amazon is like flying over an ocean of green : an expanse of trees broken only by rivers . Even more amazing than their size is the role the Amazon and other rainforests around the world play in our everyday lives . While rainforests may seem like a distant concern , these ecosystems are critically important for our well - being . Rainforests are often called the lungs of the planet for their role in absorbing carbon dioxide , a greenhouse gas , and producing oxygen , upon which all animals depend for survival . Rainforests also stabilize climate , house incredible amounts of plants and wildlife , and produce nourishing rainfall all around the planet . Rainforests help stabilize the world ’ s climate ; provide a home to many plants and animals ; maintain the water cycle protect against flood , drought , and erosion ; are a source for medicines and foods ; support tribal people ; and are an interesting place to visit RAINFOREST PHOTOS Rain forest canopy as viewed from the treetops ( Malaysia ) Namorona River in Ranomafana Birdnest fern in the rainforest canopy Gunung Leuser Rain Forest ( Indonesia ) View up at the rainforest canopy in the Venezuelan Amazon ( Venezuela ) Rainforest and the Tembeling River ( Malaysia ) Previous Home Next By Rhett Butler Date published : June 24 , 2004 | Last updated : December 5 , 2015 | [
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http://kids.mongabay.com/lesson_plans/lisa_algee/agriculture.html | What is agriculture ? Agriculture , or farming , is the simplification of nature ' s food webs and the rechanneling of energy for human planting and animal consumption . Huh ? You may ask . To simplify , agriculture involves redirecting nature ' s natural flow of the food web . The natural flow of the food web is - the sun provides light to plants . Plants convert sunlight into sugars which provide food for the plants ( this process is called photosynthesis ) . Plants provide food for herbivores ( plant - eating animals , i.e. , sloths ) and the herbivores provide food for carnivores ( meat - eating animals , i.e. , jaguars ) . Decomposers or bacteria , break down plants or animals that have died . Nutrients from the plants and animals go back into the soil and the whole process starts anew . Rice in Indonesia . Photos by Rhett Butler What happens with agriculture is that this web is interrupted . Instead of having herbivores eat the plants , the plants are protected for human consumption . This means that not only are plant eating animals excluded from the food web , but also carnivorous animals and even decomposers . However , if a farmer is planting corn to feed their cattle , the cattle eat the corn to fatten up and then are eventually slaughtered for human consumption . Even though a herbivore ( cow ) is eating the plant ( corn ) the web in interrupted when the Are there different types of agriculture ? Yes . There is conventional agriculture and sustainable agriculture ( agro - ecology ) . Conventional agriculture , most commonly practiced in the United States , usually involves the following criteria : altering or changing the natural environment ( removing trees , tilling the soil , installing an irrigation system , etc . mono - cropping , or planting one crop ( ex : only corn is grown in a plot ) . the crops grown are nonrenewable - after harvesting , the plot is bare again and requires cultivation ( tilling and plowing of the soil ) , fertilization , planting , irrigation ( watering ) , and harvesting all over again . diversity is eliminated in order to maintain uniformity using insecticides and pesticides to keep insects and animals from eating the crops ; these chemicals are not only poisonous to insects , animals and humans , they also pollute ground water , streams , rivers , and oceans . using inorganic fertilizers to provide nutrients to the soil a lot of energy and work for the farmer to maintain this unnatural farming system ; nature is more aligned with diversity ( it wants to be wild ) , rather than controlled and uniform . Tea in Kenya Here are some examples of crops which undergo conventional agriculture : corn , wheat , rice , bananas , soy bean , etc What are the effects of conventional agriculture ? since the plot is stripped of its natural environmental features , the plants are vulnerable to disease , high herbivore predation , and soil erosion . a decrease in bio - diversity means many animals lose their habitat and either relocate or become extinct . after harvesting , the plot is empty , leaving the soil bare and prone to soil erosion . the use of insecticides and pesticides pollutes the environment on many levels : the soil , streams , creeks , rivers , underground water sources , well water , the ocean , and even the air . When these chemicals are ingested ( eaten ) or inhaled , they can poison animals and people . This poisoning can cause severe illness and even death . crop disease , drought ( no rain ) , fire , or heavy rain - fall can destroy a crop , thus causing severe economic hardship for the farmer and even the consumer because when the quantity of a crop is low ( when the supply is low ) the price is increased . Sustainable agriculture ( agro - ecology ) uses ecological principles to farm , hence the prefix agro - to farm and ecology - the science of the relationship between organisms and their environments . Agro - ecology involves : maintaining the natural environment and using ecological principles for sustained farming practices poly - cropping , or planting many crops together ( ex : planting rows of corn , bean , and squash together rather than in separate plots , like in mono - cropping ) since many plants are planted together , and each one has a different harvesting period , the plot is never bare . This reduces soil erosion . diversity is maintained and even increased over time a diverse system of plants may attract several species of herbivores . Some of these herbivores like to eat specific kinds of plants . Predator species usually do not have a preference for which herbivores to eat . This predation keeps the herbivore population in check , thus reducing predation of any one crop . Plants - such as citrosa , are natural insect repellents . This eliminates the need to use insecticides . nutrients from each intercrop plant provide different nutrients to the soil , thus increasing its fertility ( ability to sustain life ) . less energy is required from the farmer because the agriculture system sustains itself Agricultural deforestation in Brazil Here are some examples of sustainable agriculture crops : shade coffee ; multiple cropping in Germany - for example , they plant carrots , beets , and onions together in a plot ; in Mexico , they do the same with corn , bean , and squash . In Italy , they plant both annual and perennial crops to create a diverse home garden ; in other areas , they use cover cropping in orchards to inhibit weed growth , etc . What are the effects of sustainable agriculture ? using ecological principles increases bio - diversity . Not only are animals ' homes salvaged ( saved ) , but the natural ecological system protects itself ( sustains itself ) from soil erosion , severe herbivore predation , and crop disease . since insecticides and pesticides are not used , pollution and the harmful effects of ingesting these poisons are not an issue since each intercropping plant supplies a different nutrient to the soil , less or ( even no ) fertilizers are added to the soil this type of agriculture is aligned with nature and uses the principles of nature to sustain itself ( there ' s nothing better than that ! ) farmers experience less or no economic loss with this type of agriculture system because the natural environment protects itself from crop disease ( due to diversity of species ) , soil erosion ( benefits of intercropping plants with different harvesting periods ) , flooding ( the intercropping plants absorb heavy rain - falls ) , droughts ( the intercrops provide moisture and shade for each other ) , and fire ( extra moisture and shade keeps plants from drying out and becoming more susceptible to fire ) . Which type of agriculture practice do you think is better for the environment and ultimately ourselves ? Before you answer , here are some interesting facts : Did you know that according to the FAO ( Food and Agriculture Organization ) that 90 % of deforestation is caused by unsustainable agriculture ? Did you know that in Costa Rica , 133 ant species and 126 beetle species were found in just one shade coffee tree . Talk about diversity ! Okay , so which agricultural practice is better ? Did you say sustainable agriculture ? I ca n ' t hear you . . .say it louder , SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ! You ' re right on the money , in more ways than one . Corn field in Colombia So , you ' ve heard the term slash - and - burn agriculture and you ' re wondering what this is ? This is a type of unsustainable agriculture . It occurs in rain forests where the soil is poor in nutrients . Remember , most of the nutrients are " locked " in the leaf litter , plants , and trees . The soil gets its nutrients from the leaf litter and plants . Farmers who practice slash - and - burn agriculture know that the nutrients are " locked " in the vegetation . This is why they slash ( cut ) and burn the trees , plants and leaves . The ashes from the burned vegetation provide nutrients to the soil ( fertilize the soil ) for the planting of both staple and cash crops . After a few years , the soil loses its nutrients and the farmers migrate ( move ) to another piece of forest to clear and burn a new plot of land for planting . Staple crops are plants that farmers can live on : manioc , plantains , bananas , sweet potato , pineapple , chili pepper , and others . Cash crops are crops farmers can sell for money : sugar cane , coffee , tobacco , etc . Is this type of agriculture harmful to the environment ? It can be if farmers raise cattle on an agriculture field that has just been farmed for 2 years ( the maximum fertility of a slash - and - burn agriculture field ) . This can be a death sentence to the soil , since the cattle remove the last traces of fertility from the soil . Should we blame these farmers for the deforestation of forests ? No . There are many complex factors which play into the deforestation of forests . We ' ve already learned about logging as a major factor , but we hav n ' t discussed the international , national , and local factors . One reason why these nomadic ( traveling ) farmers practice slash - and - burn agriculture is because they have no other means of employment and thus survival . They must plant crops to eat ( to sustain their lives ) and they must make money ( by selling cash crops ) . If the government provided An upside to slash - and - burn agriculture : According to Kricher , a study in Costa Rica demonstrated that slash and burn does not , in the short run , degrade the soil . Researcher cut , mulched , and burned a site that contained patches of eight - to nine - year - old forest and seventy - year - old forest . Before the burn there were approximately 8,000 seeds per square meter of soil , representing 67 species . After the burn the figure dropped to 3,000 seeds / square meter , representing 37 species . Mycorrhizal fungi survived the burn , and large quantities What ' s agriculture like in Costa Rica ? Bananas are Costa Rica ' s number one export . This has been a blessing , in that , it has provided a lot of money to the country , but it has also created some problems . From a social perspective , the job opportunities in the banana plantations have enticed poor people from Nicaragua to immigrate to Costa Rica . This has caused tension between the Costa Rican farmers and the Nicarguan people ; both groups wind up competing for jobs ( working in the banana plantations ) . From an environmental perspective , the banana plantations cover What about shade grown coffee ? Yes ! There is a wonderful organization called CAN ( Community Agroecology Network ) which helps local Costa Rican farmers grow coffee in a sustainable way and earn more money per pound of coffee . How does CAN do this ? The co - op basically cuts out all the middle - men who take money from the farmers as the coffee moves from the field to the market . When this happens , more money is left for the farmers . In fact , farmers earn even more money through this co - op than they would through conventional Fair Trade . Coffee in Costa Rica How do these farmers grow their coffee ? All of their coffee is shade grown and they maintain the natural , bio - diverse environment to grow their coffee . They also use sustainable planting practices such as intercropping and cover - cropping . In addition , no insecticides or pesticides are used and farmers practice reforestation as well . How can we support these farmers ? Easy ! If you want to learn more about the co - op , check out their web - site at www . communityagroecology . net . In fact , one of the CAN communities is located in Agua Buena , Coto Brus ; just south of Manuel Antonio . If you ' d like to order coffee , just print out the form on the web - site and send it in or order on - line . In no time , you ' ll receive a large bag of aromatic , organic , Costa Rican coffee at your door - step . It ' s the best coffee ever ! This is a great gift for your parents or relatives who must have that Also , when you graduate from high - school , you can do an internship with CAN and learn how these farmers grow their coffee in a sustainable way . You can also help other coffee farmers do the same through outreach education and collaboration . It ' s that time again . Show yourself what you ' ve learned by answering the following questions : What is conventional agriculture and is it aligned with how the natural food - web works ? Can you name a crop that is conventionally grown and harvested ? What is sustainable agriculture and how is it aligned with he natural food - web ? Can you provide an example of sustainable agriculture ? Name one effect of conventional agriculture and how this may be harmful to the environment . Name one effect of sustainable agriculture and how this benefits the environment . Which agricultural practice is better for the environment and ultimately ourselves ? T or F . Slash - and - burn agriculture is not harmful to the environment if the land is used for 2 years or less . Match each term with its meaning : staple crops a . ) no rain nomadic b . ) a co - op which helps coffee farmers drought c . ) sugar cane , coffee , tobacco , etc cash crops d . ) traveling CAN e . ) plantains , sweet potato , bananas 10 . T or F . Poor farmers are to blame for the deforestation of rainforest . Answers are located after the references . Pen Pal Question and Conversation : Discuss with your Pen Pal what you can do as global citizens to encourage sustainable agriculture . How would you encourage your friends , family members , and local farmers to do the same ? References : Kricher , J . ( 1997 ) . A Neotropical Companion : An introduction to the animals , plants , & ecosystems of the New World Tropics . New Jersey : Princeton University Press . A chapter , Introduction To Agroecology , from a book by Greg Gilbert . www . communityagroecology . net Deforestation for palm oil in Borneo Answers to the questions : Conventional agriculture is most commonly practice in the U.S. and it involves changing the environment to plant crops for human beings . It is not aligned with how the natural food - web works because the plants are protected for human consumption . This means that herbivores , carnivores , and even decomposers are left out of the picture . corn Sustainable agriculture ( agro - ecology ) uses ecological principles to farm , hence the prefix agro - to farm and ecology - the science of the relationship between organisms and their environments . shade grown coffee Insecticides and pesticides are harmful to the environment because they pollute the soil , streams , creeks , rivers , underground water , well water , and oceans . They are harmful to animals and humans because they are poisonous and can cause serious illness and even death . Intercropping adds nutrients to the soil , prevents erosion , and provides moisture and shade to the other plants within the plot . sustainable agriculture ! True staple crops e . ) plantains , sweet potatoes , and bananas nomadic d . ) traveling drought a . ) no rain cash crops c . ) sugar cane , coffee , and tobacco CAN b . ) a co - op which help coffee farmers 10 . False ! How did you do ? I ' m sure you did FANTASTIC The following standards were addressed in this lesson : Physical Sciences : Energy and matter have multiple forms and can be changed from one form to another . As a basis for understanding this concept ( a ) Students know energy comes from the Sun to Earth in the form of light , and ( b ) Students know sources of stored energy take many forms , such as food , fuel , and batteries . Note : This lesson address food as a source of stored energy . Life Sciences : Students know living things cause changes in the environment in which they live : some of these changes are detrimental to the organism or other organisms , and some are beneficial . Reading : Vocabulary and Concept Development ( 1.6 ) Use sentence and word context to find the meaning of unknown words ( 1.8 ) Use knowledge of prefixes ( e.g. , un - , re - , pre - , bi - , mis - , dis - , ) to determine the meaning of words . Writing : Organization and Focus ( 1.1 ) Create a single paragraph ( a ) Develop a topic sentence , and ( b ) Include simple supporting facts and details . Social Studies : 3.5 Students demonstrate basic economic reasoning skills and an understanding of the economy of the local region . ( 1 ) Describe the ways in which local producers ( and abroad ) have used and are using natural resources , human resources , and capital resources to produce goods and services in the past and the present . About these lesson plans and resources This lesson plan was developed by Lisa M . Algee , an Environmental Education Ph D student at the University of California at Santa Cruz ( UCSC ) . Lisa runs a site called Kids Connected to Conservation and Culture which focuses on educating the next generation about environmental issues , such as deforestation , and what we can do as global citizens to curb these detrimental effects . | [
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http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/eastern-gray-squirrel/ | Animals Eastern Gray Squirrel 571605 PROFILE The eastern gray squirrel is one of more than 200 species of squirrels living all around the world . Photograph by Lukas Blazek , Dreamstime Eastern gray squirrels have an excellent sense of smell , which they use to help locate food that they ’ ve hidden away . Photograph by Dalia Kvedaraite , Dreamstime Eastern gray squirrels forage for nuts , seeds , buds , and flowers of trees . Photograph by Brian Kushner , Dreamstime OVERVIEW There are more than 200 species of squirrels living all around the world , including kinds of tree , ground , and flying squirrels . You may have seen the eastern gray squirrel in parks , your backyard , or in a forest in the eastern half of the United States . Eastern gray squirrels forage for nuts , seeds , buds , and flowers of trees . Like other tree squirrels , the eastern gray squirrel plays an important role in what ’ s known as seed dispersal . As winter approaches , squirrels carry their food and bury it in several locations . They hide more food than they will recover or eat . The buried seeds and nuts sprout and begin to grow in these locations the following spring . Eastern gray squirrels have an excellent sense of smell , which they use to help locate food that they ’ ve hidden away . They can also pick up information about their fellow squirrels by smelling them . They communicate with each other by making sounds and body movements , such as tail flicking . When predators such as red foxes and red - tailed hawks are nearby , eastern gray squirrels will sound warning calls to alert other squirrels . Female eastern gray squirrels may start having babies at as young as five and a half months old . Females can have litters twice a year , each usually consisting of two to four babies . They gather leaves and twigs and build nests high in the trees to house their young offspring , or use tree cavities as dens . Newborn eastern gray squirrels do n ’ t have fur when they are born and are not able to see . They often weigh as little as half an ounce ( 14 grams ) . They leave the nest by around ten to twelve weeks old and they become fully grown by around nine months . SCIENTIFIC NAME Sciurus carolinensis FAMILY NAME Sciuridae ENDANGERED STATUS LEAST CONCERN CLASSIFICATION Mammal LIFE SPAN 1 to 2 years DIET Omnivore HABITAT Forest RANGE HEAVIER THAN A U.S. Penny 0.75 - 1.5 lbs 0.08 oz LONGER THAN A Teaspoon 15 - 20 in 6 in | [
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http://kidscooking.about.com/od/thanksgivingrecipes/ss/How-To-Cook-A-Frozen-Turkey.htm | Recipes for Beginners Main Dishes American Mains Learning How to Cook Cooking Turkey for Beginners : A Step - by - Step Guide By John Mitzewich Updated 11 / 13 / 18 01 of 13 How to Cook a Perfect Turkey mphillips007 / Getty Images Cooking a whole turkey is a daunting task for both novice and skilled chefs alike . The size of the bird is intimidating , of course , but there are also family expectations , holiday traditions , and a whole host of other factors ( such as having to cook several other dishes at the same time ) that can overcomplicate matters . While we ca n ' t help you referee any family drama , we can show you how to cook your best ever roasted whole turkey with confidence . Continue to 2 of 13 below . 02 of 13 How to Choose the Right Turkey kupicoo / Getty Images This may be one of the more unnerving steps when it comes to cooking a turkey — how big does it need to be ? The general rule of thumb is one pound per person . But if you would like leftovers or have a few big eaters in the group , you ' ll want to increase to 1 1 / 2 to 2 pounds per person . You also may come across a few different choices when it comes to whole turkeys : fresh or frozen , organic , free - range , or kosher , brined or seasoned . If you buy frozen , just remember to put the turkey in the refrigerator a few days before you plan to cook it — it will really take that long to defrost . In terms of organic etc . , that is completely up to you as it will not affect how you cook the bird . Since you are a novice , let ' s just stick to a plain turkey this time , so avoid any that are brined or seasoned . Continue to 3 of 13 below . 03 What You Need to Roast a Perfect Turkey There really are n ' t a lot of equipment or ingredients needed to roast the perfect turkey besides the turkey and seasoning . The most important thing is that you have a large enough roasting pan . If you yours is n ' t big enough or you do n ' t own one , you can purchase an aluminum roaster at the grocery store . Just be sure there is enough room around the bird and that it wo n ' t be touching the sides of the pan . One step listed here is to tie the turkey ' s legs together — if you choose to do this , you will need some kitchen twine , which you can find at the grocery store . Also , most turkeys come with a pop - up timer , but it is always helpful to have your own meat thermometer . Continue to 4 of 13 below . 04 The Ingredients to Roast a Perfect Turkey annick vanderschelden photography / Getty Images These ingredients are for a 12 - to 15 - pound turkey . If your turkey is larger , you can increase the vegetables and herbs , and butter if you think you need more . Gather all of these ingredients and have at the ready . 12 - to 15 - pound fresh or thawed turkey 1 medium onion 2 ribs celery 2 medium carrots Kosher salt Freshly ground black pepper 1 stick of butter or seasoned butter 3 fresh rosemary sprigs 1 / 2 bunch fresh sage Chicken stock or water for pan Continue to 5 of 13 below . 05 Prep the Ingredients Danette St . Onge Before you begin , you need to prepare the aromatic vegetables by cutting the onion , celery , and carrots into large chunks . Let the butter soften to room temperature , or make a flavored compound butter , which is butter mixed with herbs and spices . Continue to 6 of 13 below . 06 Prep the Turkey and Season the Inside Leah Maroney Before you can do anything to the turkey , you need to clean it out and remove and move some parts around . First , discard the bag that contains the neck , heart , gizzard , etc . from inside the turkey , and rinse the turkey inside and out with cold water . Dry thoroughly with paper towels ( this is very important if you want a crispy skin ) . Next , pull the wing tips forward and tuck them under the breasts so they do n ' t burn . This also keeps the turkey sitting nice and straight . Now you can begin seasoning . Hold the turkey by the back legs , and season the entire cavity liberally with kosher salt and pepper . Add the rosemary , sage , and a large handful of the chopped aromatic vegetables to the cavity . Sprinkle the rest of the turkey with the salt and pepper — if you are using a compound butter with salt in it , then just give the bird a little dusting of seasoning ; if you are using plain butter you can be more generous ( but do n ' t go overboard ! Continue to 7 of 13 below . 07 Tie the Turkey ' s Legs Together Leah Maroney Tying the turkey with twine is called " trussing " and has been done for generations . It was believed that it helped the bird cook evenly , but , in fact , some chefs believe the opposite , saying the trussing stops the hot air from circulating around the legs . What chefs do agree on is that tying the legs makes for a prettier bird , so if that is important to you , then secure the legs to each other using kitchen twine or plain dental floss . Continue to 8 of 13 below . 08 Loosen the Turkey ' s Skin Over the Breastbone The way to get a flavorful turkey is to season the meat as well as the skin . The only way to do that is to get between the breast skin and meat with your hands . Start with your fingers , and then , if you like , switch to a thin silicone spatula to push under the skin to separate it from the breast meat . Be careful not to tear the skin , although it ' s fairly tough so if you push slowly and firmly you should be able to separate the skin about 2 / 3 of the way down on either side of the breastbone . Continue to 9 of 13 below . 09 Push Butter Under the Turkey Skin Whether you are using plain butter or a compound butter , spreading it between the skin and meat will make for a juicy and tasty bird . Place about 2 tablespoons of butter under the skin of each breast . Use your fingers on top of the skin to push down and spread it evenly toward the front of the turkey . Continue to 10 of 13 below . 10 Season the Outside of the Turkey Claire Cohen Now it ' s time to show the skin some love . Rub the rest of the butter all over the outside of the turkey , being sure to get the sides as well . ( Hopefully you dried the skin well with paper towels in step 6 — otherwise , the butter wo n ' t stick as well . ) Add the rest of the aromatic vegetables to your roasting pan and set the turkey on top . The vegetables will act as a sort of delicious rack . Add about a half - inch of liquid ( water or stock ) to the roasting pan . This will keep the oven moist . Also , the pan drippings will be even more flavorful if you ' re planning to make gravy . Continue to 11 of 13 below . 11 Cover the Turkey Breast with Foil Lisa Pines / Getty Images With all that butter there is a high risk of the skin burning , so covering the turkey with foil for a portion of the cooking time is necessary . Fold a piece of foil large enough to just cover the turkey breast . The foil should cover loosely — there is no need to press the foil down onto the butter . About an hour before the cooking is done ( see next step for times ) , remove the foil to brown the skin . Continue to 12 of 13 below . 12 Roast the Turkey Now it ' s time to get that bird in the oven . Roast at 325 F for approximately 15 to 20 minutes per pound . This is just an estimate so be sure to use a meat thermometer to get a perfect doneness . Remove the turkey when it reads 165 F in the thickest part of the thigh meat . These are approximate turkey cooking times for roasting at 325 F : 8 to 12 pounds : 2 3 / 4 to 3 hours 12 to 14 pounds : 3 to 3 3 / 4 hours 14 to 18 pounds : 3 3 / 4 to 4 1 / 4 hours 18 to 20 pounds : 4 1 / 4 to 4 1 / 2 hours 20 to 24 pounds : 4 1 / 2 to 5 hours While roasting , the liquid can be used to baste the turkey ( there is a debate whether basting does anything , but it ' s part of the tradition ) . Continue to 13 of 13 below . 13 Let the Turkey Rest Before Serving Diana Rattray Letting the turkey rest not only gives you time to finish the gravy and the remainder of the meal but also allows the juices in the turkey to redistribute , which is the secret to moist , tender meat . When you remove the turkey from the oven , cover it very loosely with foil and let it rest for at least 20 minutes . Do n ' t worry , it wo n ' t get cold — a covered 20 - pound turkey will stay hot for over 40 minutes , so do n ' t rush it . Once the turkey has rested , it ' s time to carve that turkey | [
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http://kidscreen.com/2013/03/20/nabi-jr-tablets-get-loaded-with-nickelodeon-content/ | Screen Nabi Jr . tablets get loaded with Nickelodeon content Kid - friendly Nabi Jr . tablets will be stocked with preloaded Nickelodeon content , including apps , games and videos , following a new multi - year content and accessories deal between the children ' s cablenet and tablet maker Fuhu . By Wendy Goldman Getzler March 20 , 2013 Kid - friendly Nabi Jr . tablets will be stocked with preloaded Nickelodeon content , including apps , games and videos , following a new multi - year content and accessories deal between the children ’ s cablenet and tablet maker Fuhu . The recently launched touchscreen Nabi Jr . tablet will be filled with educational apps , games and videos from preschool series including Dora the Explorer Team Umizoomi and Bubble Guppies . A line of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles - inspired mobile tablet accessories , such as character bumpers , Kinabis and stands , will also be available nationwide this spring and will range in price from US $ 19.99 to US $ 79.99 . The nabi Jr . product will undoubtedly fall in line – and into the hands – of Nickelodeon ’ s preschool audience . The US $ 99 five - inch Android tablet was first introduced in December in a market defined by educational software competitors LeapFrog and VTech and has been designed to offer technical features and educational content specifically for the youngest of mobile users . The deal comes as Nickelodeon grows its presence on iPad devices with the all - new Nick App interactive platform TAGS : Fuhu hardware mobile nabi tablet Nickelodeon | [
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http://kidscreen.com/2014/11/05/on-the-set-calling-the-odd-squad/ | Screen On the set : Calling the Odd Squad Features editor Jeremy Dickson shares his behind - the - scenes day on the set of Odd Squad - PBS KIDS ' new live - action , math - themed series from The Fred Rogers Company and Sinking Ship Entertainment . By Jeremy Dickson November 5 , 2014 I have something very important to confess . I ’ m terrible at math . Ever since my earliest school days , I ’ ve never been friends with numbers . For me , learning math in the classroom was always tedious . Thankfully , I discovered I could glean more math maneuvers from watching clever TV series at home like Sesame Street or Square One Television , which injected some fun into the proceedings . They made it look easy , but making education fun for kids is no small feat for content producers . Those who do it well are few and far between , so I ’ m grateful ( and I ’ m sure my parents are too ) for educational programming that actually made a difference during my childhood . Fast - forward to 2014 and the business of making math , or other educational subjects , entertaining for kids is more important than ever given how children are adopting digital technology into their daily lives at increasingly younger ages and how the demand for science , technology , engineering and math ( STEM ) teaching continues to grow at the school level . For TV , a whole new batch of educational programs are being cultivated to engage today ’ s digital natives . Shows , for example , like Odd Squad — a brand new live - action , multiplatform media property from The Fred Rogers Company and Toronto ’ s Sinking Ship Entertainment that is currently available on digital platforms pbskids . org , PBS KIDS Video App , PBS Kids on Roku , Apple TV , Chromecast and Amazon Fire ) and is set to premiere on November 26 on PBS KIDS in the US as a one - hour TV special and on TVO in Canada at 5 : 30 p.m , as well as on tvokids . com . The action - packed comedic show is the latest PBS KIDS series , behind PEG + CAT , to receive funding from the US Department of Education through the CPB - PBS Ready To Learn Initiative . Designed to help kids ages five to eight build math skills , is a little Men In Black for kids , mixed with some Airplane , and sprinkled with elements of Mathnet and Get Smart It follows the extraordinary adventures of two young government agents , Olive and Otto , who use math skills and teamwork to solve unusual cases ( always brought forward by adults ) ranging from disappearing zeroes to runaway dinosaurs . In short , it ’ s loads of fun , and does a great job weaving math concepts , visual effects and music seamlessly throughout its storylines . is the brainchild of Tim McKeon ( Foster ’ s Home for Imaginary Friends Adventure Time The Electric Company ) and Adam Peltzman The Electric Company The Backyardigans Wallykazam ! ) . I recently chatted with McKeon , the show ’ s co - creator , executive producer and head writer , on ‘ s incredibly detailed and dynamic Toronto set which was created under the leadership of production designer Ron Stefaniuk ( Annedroids ) . I also met with three of the show ’ s stars — Dalila Bela , Filip Geljo and Millie Davis , who play main characters Agent Olive , Agent Otto and Ms . O , respectively . Sean Michael Kyer , who runs the Odd Squad lab as gadget nerd Agent Oscar , was not available during my visit . The first thing that struck me were the low ceilings . Not literally , though , as I did spot the set ’ s prominently displayed warning sign . Tim , however , was not so lucky . The kid - sized set is one of the show ’ s many visual gags and makes for funny situations when adults come to Odd Squad with their cases . “ We always wanted to do a show that was legitimately funny and we wanted to tap into wish fulfilment for kids . We wanted to show that the kids were in charge and the adults were the ones with problems , ” says McKeon . “ From there , we thought kids in suits would be funny . That was the original idea . Then we came up with Odd Squad where something weird happens in every episode , and then we cleverly weave in a math concept . ” According to McKeon , when he and Peltzman originally pitched the idea to PBS , the broadcaster asked if the show could be animated . McKeon admits that making live - action shows for kids is a challenge , but the co - creators stuck to their guns . “ We love animation , but the Odd Squad idea pops way more when it ’ s in a real world and things are happening to real kids , ” he says . PBS was quick to understand . The show ’ s pilot was greenlit followed by an order for 40 half - hour episodes which allowed Fred Rogers and Sinking Ship to come on - board and create an expansive world for the TV series and for the IP ’ s interactive content with help from PBS Digital . “ We wanted to create this silly , hyper - realistic world where anything is possible and the rules can be stretched , ” says McKeon . “ We also thought of it as a workplace comedy where you do n ’ t ever see the kids ’ home lives . I think it makes them more powerful . The Fred Rogers Company said that by not showing the parents , it ’ s as if all the kids are equal and belong . ” As the increasingly enthusiastic McKeon ushered me around the set , I became more aware that this sense of equality permeated through the entire cast and production crew . Some of the crew even built a special clubhouse for the kid actors to play in and escape to for private time . According to McKeon , great ideas have come from all of the production ’ s departments and every one is open to try new things . “ For me , this experience has been the most collaborative of my career . On the interactive side , all of the games are based on episodes , but we share ideas . For example , they had a great idea for a game that we turned into an episode , so it works both ways , ” says McKeon . “ Oftentimes , we will write a scene , but the punchline wo n ’ t work when we ’ re on the floor . So we end up collaborating with the kids . And they love doing little adlibs , with our guidance of course . ” After talking to Bela , Geljo and Davis , their passion for bringing the show ’ s agents to life in funny new ways is clear . But I also wanted to know what they thought about the math elements of the show and what aspects of their characters are most like themselves . Eight - year - old Davis ( Doozers Orphan Black ) was quick to point out that she ’ s trying to get better at math . “ I am learning about math through the show . It ’ s important for kids to learn about it in a fun way because a lot of kids do n ’ t really like math , ” says Davis . As for her character Ms . O , the tough - as - nails , apple juice - addicted , but lovable director and former agent of Odd Squad , Davis says no aspect of the character resembles herself . “ I like the role because it is the only time that I get to be angry , ” she says . Geljo , on the other hand , says Otto is very much like himself . “ At times I ’ m not even acting . I ’ m just Agent Otto everywhere , ” says the 12 - year - old , adding that math is his favorite subject in school . For 13 - year - old Bela ( Diary of a Wimpy Kid Fairly Odd Christmas ) , who also loves math and science , she says Olive ’ s professionalism is most like herself . “ People always tell me I ’ m very professional — that I always come knowing my lines and that I take direction really well . But I ’ m not always serious , ” says Bela with a laugh . As my day on set ended with Bela and Geljo showing off their dance moves in a choreographed routine for an episode featuring fictional boy band Sound Check , I could not have been more impressed by the hard work and creativity on display by everyone involved in making the show . And thanks to Sound Check ’ s “ hit ” song “ Take Away Four , ” I ’ ve even improved my addition and subtraction skills . TAGS : Adam Peltzman Dalila Bela Filip Geljo Millie Davis PBS Kids Sinking Ship Entertainment STEM The Fred Rogers Company Tim McKeon | [
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"Jeremy Dickson",
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http://kidsforhim.blogspot.com/2010/01/what-does-bible-say-about-bully.html | Fran Jackson , TN , United States A wife , a momma , and someone who loves all things family . Throw in some caffeine and Jesus and I ' m one happy camper ! View my complete profile Link To Me ! < a href = " http : / / kidsforhim . blogspot . com / " > < center > < img src = " http : / / i146 . photobucket . com / albums / r278 / splitdecisionz / Blessed % 20By % 20Him / button . png " / > < / center > < / a > Get Twitter Buttons Get Facebook Buttons Monday , January 11 , 2010 What does the bible say about a bully ? We have had some situations going on in school with my 6 th grade son that has taken me to my knees more times than I can count . This , my friends , is not a bad thing . It is just realization that we are n ' t in control and we need His help . These are the boys that I ' m praying like mad over these days . Are n ' t they cute ? And , they are definitely worth it . If you are a parent , I know you agree . And as these kids grow up , you find yourself praying things that you had never considered before . We were in church this morning and started a new 6 week series called " The Good Fight . " The first week was today and was about conflict . GOT ME INTERESTED MR PREACHER ! ! ! ! KEEP ON TALKING ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " I ' m listening Lord . What have you got to say to me . " Basically . . .in a nutshell let me recap 30 minutes into something much shorter . . . .like a few sentences . But first . . .some questions that we all wonder . How does Jesus fight ? When does He fight ? Is it ok for Christians to fight ? First of all . . . .isn ' t Jesus the Prince of Peace ? Yep . Is n ' t God a God of order and not disorder ? Yep . Somewhere in Hebrews it says that we need to make every effort to live in peace . Yep . However , Jesus also got a little ticked at times . We all know the story of the temple when He got so bloomin ' mad at what was taking place in there that He turned a few tables over . For some reason I love this story . So I have a feeling Jesus is saying " stand up for what is right " through that story in the temple . One more time . . . . . " stand up for what is right . " If I have a child that is watching kids around him be mean to other kids . . . . .then . . . . " stand up for what is right . " I ' m going to tell my kids that they are more likely to make a difference to the child more than a teacher or principal if they are the ones to stand up and say to that child . . . . " stop it , man . That ' s not cool . " Are you following me here ? If you have a situation where you can benefit from this in your family . . . . .adult or child . . . .then , I ' m praying that you think like Jesus . Jesus got mad in the temple because what they were doing in the temple was wrong . He got mad and stood up for what was right . Jesus did n ' t get mad when people insulted Him . That is where He showed Himself as the Prince of Peace . He got mad when He took a stand for what was wrong so peace would eventually be present . * * A bully goes after the weak . Teach your child to stand up for the weak . Teach your child to stand up for what is right . Teach your child to do the hard thing . Studies show that other kids tend to make bullies stop . Kids listen to their peers . Put that in the Spiritual Bank because I know it to be true . It ' s just so hard to teach to kids . Love you all . Keep fighting the good fight . . . . .no matter your age and what you are up against ! ! I want to be able to teach my kids how to fight . . . . from a biblical standpoint . Hugs and blessings ~ posted by Fran at 6 : 00 AM Email This BlogThis ! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels : Parenting . . 14 comments : beckyjomama said . . . You go Frannie ! ! Teach those boys to be David ' s in the Goliath of a world ! January 11 , 2010 at 7 : 53 AM Patty said . . . Amen ! ! ! I remember when my oldest son was in 3rd grade and Jason was in 1st . . .a bully was picking on David . David has a tender heart and would never hurt another BUT Jason , is different . He got tired of the bully picking on David and he sttod up to the bully . Of course there were other times we had to address Jason on handle situations right even at that young age . He did get them kicked off the bus for standing up against a bully . So true , pray and teach them the Word ! Love you , Patty January 11 , 2010 at 8 : 09 AM Teri ~ Facedown The thing about Jesus was that he loved justice and hated injustice . You see it all over the gospels in how He responded to people and situations . Teaching our kids to love justice will help them to be able to recognize injustice and stand for those being treated poorly . Keep up the good fight girl . . .I ' m right there on the front line with you - - fighting to raise warriors for Christ ! Love you . January 11 , 2010 at 8 : 31 AM Anonymous said . . . Fran , I pray that the bullies will back down and recognize that they need to change their ways of interacting with others and I ' ll be praying for your sons . It is not always easy to stand up and be vocal about an injustice that we witness - - even harder for a child . May God ' s comforting presence be felt by your sons as they go through their day . TeresaL January 11 , 2010 at 8 : 56 AM connorcolesmom Being a parent is hard ! ! I applaud you for your honest and Biblical approach We currently have a bizarre situation with a boy in our neighborhood who also happens to be in boy 1 class This child has chosen to exclude boy 1 and did not invite him to his b ' day party on Sat The kid has also stopped playing with boy 1 As a mom I want to go tell the kid where to go - hehe but I think I will try to foster a reconciliation since boy 1 has no idea why this kid will not play with him ! ! Oh boy kids ! ! Praying for you ! ! : ) January 11 , 2010 at 10 : 38 AM Leah A bully goes after the weak . Yep and SAtan is a big old bully . He prays on those who are weakest in their faith and those who are stronger should also stand up for and battle for those weaker of our brothers and sisters . God bless you as you parent those precious boys ! Leah January 11 , 2010 at 10 : 55 AM Toknowhim When those hard situations come I am learning not so much to pray for deliverance from the situations , but God ' s strength and guidance of how to get through them . . .for me and my kiddos . . . Love ya girl . . . Kim January 11 , 2010 at 8 : 37 PM 3girlsmom I say just kick them in the shin . That is all . : ) January 11 , 2010 at 10 : 32 PM ocean mommy Love this . . .we ' ve been having similar conversations with Emma . There is a girl bully in her awana group . Robyn ' s comment reminded me of Emma . Right before Christmas , Emma got punched in the stomach by this child during awana ' s . When I asked her what she said to the girl , Emma looked me square in the eyes and said , " I told her ' do it again sister , I know how to break knee caps . ' and then walked away . " She has n ' t had a problem since . : ) Love you ! steph . January 12 , 2010 at 12 : 54 PM Kelly said . . . Hi , i m Kelly , i have 22 yrs old from York , England . We try to share this link from – Debby Alten — blog to share the story of espeacial lady with one amazing story ! We try to make something to help alittle this childrens , just search and look ! http : / / www . gtargirls . blogspot . com / Our hearts are for the families from Haiti , too ! Let s keep prayers for all the overhelming situation of there . Often when we face obstacles in our day - to - day life , our hurdles seem very small in comparison to what many others have to face . The Brooklyn Bridge shows us that dreams that seem impossible can be realised with determination and persistence , no matter what the odds are . The pursuit of happiness is a matter of choice … it is a positive attitude we consciously choose to express . It is not a gift that gets delivered to our doorstep each morning , nor does it come through the window . And I am The LORD is with us ! - : ) Hugs ! ! ! January 16 , 2010 at 11 : 02 AM A Stone Gatherer So true Fran ! Thanks for the post . January 18 , 2010 at 5 : 05 AM Anonymous said . . . Nice post . I realize that I ' m coming to this just over a year after you posted , but I found this while preparing for a 6th grade Sunday School lesson on bullying . Great message - Jesus is the Prince of Peace , but he did n ' t stand down . He met lots of bullies , and not just the priests and Roman soldiers who taunted him . The devil tempted Him . His message through his actions was to stand strong . Peacefully , but certainly not passively . Think also about the lesson February 26 , 2011 at 3 : 07 PM Persistent bullies should be expelled from school if they caused real harm . Bullying is a hate crime . Bullies need tough love to learn there ' s consequences to be paid from hurting others . Being soft with them only encourages them to continue their meanness . They need to learn the fear of God . I am a Christ follower and I totally get the concept of turning the other cheek and praying for one ' s enemies . I am trying to understand how to take God ' s principles and share them with a secular audience as to how yo effectively deal with bullying . Post a Comment Newer Post Older Post Home | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/booger.html | KidsHealth for Kids What ' s a Booger ? What ' s a Booger ? en español ¿ Qué es un moco ? Hey , get your finger outta there ! Instead of picking them out , let ' s learn about those little blobs . Yeah , we ' re talking about boogers . To understand what boogers are , you need to know about mucus ( say : MYOO - kus ) . Mucus is the sticky , slimy stuff that ' s made inside your nose , airways , and even your digestive tract . If you ' re like lot of kids , you have another name for nose mucus : snot . Your nose and sinuses make about a quart ( about 1 liter ) of snot every day . Mucus has a pretty important job — it keeps the lining of your nose moist and warms the air you breathe . Mucus also protects the lungs . When you breathe in air through your nose , it contains lots of tiny things , like dust , dirt , germs , and pollen . If these made it all the way to the lungs , the lungs could get irritated or infected , making it tough to breathe . Luckily , snot helps trap this stuff , keeping it in the nose and out of the lungs . After this stuff gets stuck inside the nose , the mucus surrounds it and some of the tiny hairs inside the nose called cilia ( say : SIL - ee - uh ) . These hairs help move the mucus and the trapped stuff toward the front of the nose or the back of the throat . When the mucus , dirt , and other debris get dry and clump together , you ' re left with a booger . Boogers can be squishy and slimy or tough and crumbly . Everybody gets them , so they ' re not a big deal . In fact , boogers are a sign that your nose is working the way it should ! If you have to get rid of boogers , your best bet is to blow ' em out of your nose and into a tissue . Picking your nose is n ' t a great idea because boogers contain lots of germs and because poking around in your nose can make it bleed . | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/gray-hair.html | KidsHealth for Kids Why Does Hair Turn Gray ? Why Does Hair Turn Gray ? Have you ever watched someone try to cover up gray hair by dyeing it ? Or maybe you wonder why your granddad has a full head of silver hair when in old pictures it ' s dark brown . Getting gray , silver , or white hair is a natural part of growing older , and here ' s why . Each hair on our heads is made up of two parts : a shaft — the colored part we see growing out of our heads a root — the bottom part , which keeps the hair anchored under the scalp The root of every strand of hair is surrounded by a tube of tissue under the skin that is called the hair follicle ( say : FAHL - ih - kul ) . Each hair follicle contains a certain number of pigment cells . These pigment cells constantly make a chemical called melanin ( say : MEL - uh - nin ) that gives the growing shaft of hair its color of brown , blonde , black , red , and anything in between . Melanin is the same stuff that makes our skin ' s color fair or darker . It also helps determine whether a person will burn or tan in the sun . The dark or light color of someone ' s hair depends on how much melanin each hair has . As we get older , the pigment cells in our hair follicles gradually die . When there are fewer pigment cells in a hair follicle , that strand of hair will no longer contain as much melanin and will become a more transparent color — like gray , silver , or white — as it grows . As people continue to get older , fewer pigment cells will be around to produce melanin . Eventually , the hair will look completely gray . People can get gray hair at any age . Some people go gray at a young age — as early as when they are in high school or college — whereas others may be in their 30s or 40s before they see that first gray hair . How early we get gray hair is determined by our genes . This means that most of us will start having gray hairs around the same age that our parents or grandparents first did . Gray hair is more noticeable in people with darker hair because it stands out , but people with naturally lighter hair are just as likely to go gray . From the time a person notices a few gray hairs , it may take more than 10 years for all of that person ' s hair to turn gray . Some people think that a big shock or trauma can turn a person ' s hair white or gray overnight , but scientists do n ' t really believe that this happens . Just in case , try not to freak out your parents too much . You do n ' t want to be blamed for any of their gray hairs ! | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/kidneys.html | Your Kidneys en español Tus riñones Everybody knows that some organs in the human body are necessary for survival : you need your brain , your heart , your lungs , your kidneys . . . KIDNEYS ? Absolutely . Even though you wo n ' t find a Valentine ' s Day card with a kidney on the cover , the kidneys are every bit as important as the heart . You need at least one kidney to live ! What Are Kidneys ? Kidneys normally come in pairs . If you ' ve ever seen a kidney bean , then you have a pretty good idea what the kidneys look like . Each kidney is about 5 inches ( about 13 centimeters ) long and about 3 inches ( about 8 centimeters ) wide — about the size of a computer mouse . To locate your kidneys , put your hands on your hips , then slide your hands up until you can feel your ribs . Now if you put your thumbs on your back , you will know where your kidneys are . You ca n ' t feel them , but they are there . Read on to find out more about the cool kidneys . What Do Kidneys Do ? One of the main jobs of the kidneys is to filter the waste out of the blood . How does the waste get in your blood ? Well , your blood delivers nutrients to your body . Chemical reactions in the cells of your body break down the nutrients . Some of the waste is the result of these chemical reactions . Some is just stuff your body does n ' t need because it already has enough . The waste has to go somewhere ; this is where the kidneys come in . 1 / 5 Kidneys The kidneys do a lot , but their most important job is to take waste out of the blood and make urine ( pee ) . The urinary tract takes this waste out of the body when a person pees . Click through this slideshow to learn more about the kidneys and urinary tract . Print this slide © 2019 The Nemours Foundation / KidsHealth . All rights reserved . First , blood is carried into the kidneys by the renal artery ( anything in the body related to the kidneys is called " renal " ) . The average person has 1 to 1½ gallons of blood circulating through his or her body . The kidneys filter that blood about 40 times a day ! More than 1 million tiny filters inside the kidneys remove the waste . These filters , called nephrons ( say : NEH - fronz ) , are so small you can see them only with a high - powered microscope . The Path of Pee The waste that is collected combines with water ( which is also filtered out of the kidneys ) to make urine ( pee ) . As each kidney makes urine , the urine slides down a long tube called the ureter ( say : yu - REE - ter ) and collects in the bladder , a storage sac that holds the pee . When the bladder is about halfway full , your body tells you to go to the bathroom . When you pee , the urine goes from the bladder down another tube called the urethra ( say : yu - REE - thruh ) and out of your body . The kidneys , the bladder , and their tubes are called the urinary system . Here ' s a list of all of the parts of the urinary system : the kidneys : filters that take the waste out of the blood and make pee the ureters : tubes that carry the urine from each kidney to the bladder the bladder : a sac that collects the pee the urethra : a tube that carries the pee from the bladder out of the body Keeping a Balance The kidneys also balance the volume of fluids and minerals in the body . This balance in the body is called homeostasis ( say : hoh - mee - oh - STAY - sus ) . If you put all of the water that you take in on one side of a scale and all of the water your body gets rid of on the other side of a scale , the sides of the scale would be balanced . Your body gets water when you drink it or other liquids . You also get water from some foods , like fruits and vegetables . Water leaves your body in several ways . It comes out of your skin when you sweat , out of your mouth when you breathe , and out of your urethra in urine when you go to the bathroom . There is also water in your bowel movements ( poop ) . When you feel thirsty , your brain is telling you to get more fluids to keep your body as balanced as possible . If you do n ' t have enough fluids in your body , the brain communicates with the kidneys by sending out a hormone that tells the kidneys to hold on to some fluids . When you drink more , this hormone level goes down , and the kidneys will let go of more fluids . You might notice that sometimes your pee is darker in color than other times . Remember , pee is made up of water plus the waste that is filtered out of the blood . If you do n ' t take in a lot of fluids or if you ' re exercising and sweating a lot , your pee has less water in it and it looks darker . If you ' re drinking lots of fluids , the extra fluid comes out in your pee , and it will be lighter . What Else Do Kidneys Do ? Kidneys are always busy . Besides filtering the blood and balancing fluids every second during the day , the kidneys constantly react to hormones that the brain sends them . Kidneys even make some of their own hormones . For example , the kidneys produce a hormone that tells the body to make red blood cells Now you know what the kidneys do and how important they are . Maybe next Valentine ' s Day , instead of the same old heart , you can give your parents a special card featuring the kidneys ! Reviewed by : Larissa Hirsch , MD Date reviewed : September 2018 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/strains-sprains.html | Strains and Sprains Are a Pain en español Las distensiones musculares y los esguinces duelen If you ' re an active kid , you may get a sprain or a strain at some point . Strains and sprains are common injuries , especially for kids who are very active or play sports . Let ' s find out more about them . What Are Strains and Sprains ? Muscles contract and relax ( almost like rubber bands ) to help your body move . So a strain is exactly what it sounds like : a muscle that has been stretched too far . It ' s common for people to strain the muscles in their backs , necks , or legs . Bones meet at joints , such as elbows , knees , or shoulders . That ' s where your body bends and rotates . Strong , elastic bands of tissue , called ligaments ( say : LIH - guh - muntz ) , hold bones together in the joints . A sprain happens when those ligaments have been overstretched ( mild sprain ) or torn ( severe sprain ) . Ankles , wrists , and knees sprain easily . How Is a Strain Different From a Sprain ? Even though both can hurt a lot , strains are not as serious as sprains . Because a strain is pain in the muscle , it may start to hurt immediately or several hours later . The area will be tender , feel sore , there may be some swelling , and it might also appear bruised . A sprain will probably start to hurt right away . Usually , the injury will swell and look bruised , you might find it hard to walk or move the injured part , and you may even think you have broken a bone How Does a Strain or Sprain Happen ? Strains often happen when you put a lot of pressure on a muscle or you push it too far , such as when lifting a heavy object . Strains can be more likely to happen if you have n ' t warmed up first to get blood circulating to the muscles . They ' re also common for someone returning to a sport after the off - season . That first time playing softball after a long winter off might lead to a strained calf or thigh muscle . Sprains are caused by injuries , such as twisting your ankle . This kind of injury is common in sports , but also can happen any time you trip or fall . One mom sprained her ankle when she got tangled in the pants she was trying to put on ! If You Get a Strain or Sprain Stop ! That ' s the word to remember if you get a strain or sprain . Do n ' t use the part of your body that ' s hurt . That means not walking on a hurt ankle or using a hurt arm . Tell a grown - up right away so he or she can get you to a doctor , if necessary . It can be hard to tell the difference between a sprain and a broken bone , so it ' s often a good idea to see a doctor . In some cases , you might need to go to the emergency department What Will the Doctor Do ? First , a doctor will look at your injury . He or she may gently touch the area , check the color , feel if your skin is warm or cold , and look for swelling and tenderness . If you hurt your ankle , your doctor might ask to see if you can stand on it . In some cases , the doctor will order an X - ray to tell if the bone is broken . If you have a strain , the doctor will probably tell you to rest the injury and maybe take some pain medication . If you have a sprain , the doctor might have you wear a splint or temporary cast to support and protect the injured area . He or she may wrap the injury with an elastic bandage to reduce swelling and provide extra support . Also , the doctor may tell your mom or dad to give you pain medication . The doctor will also ask you to rest the injured area and not play sports until it is healed . What Should You Do Now ? It ' s very important to follow your doctor ' s instructions . When you get home , remember RICE . We ' re not talking about the food ! RICE is a way to remember how to take care of your injury . It stands for R est , I ce , C ompression , and E levation . Rest the injured part of the body . Apply ice or cold packs to the injury during the first day . Apply the ice for short periods of time ( like 10 - 20 minutes at a time ) . Do n ' t keep ice on the area continuously . Make sure to keep a towel between the ice and your skin . Cold helps bring down swelling , so the injured area will be less puffy . Wear an elastic compression ( say : kum - PREH - shun ) bandage or splint if it is recommended by your doctor . Compression means to apply or press something together . When an injury is wrapped firmly , the pressure can prevent or decrease swelling ( puffiness ) . Make sure it is not wrapped too tightly , though , because that could prevent good blood flow , which is really important . Elevation means raising the injured part so it ' s higher than your heart . You can use pillows to raise it up . This also prevents swelling . After 24 hours , your doctor may say its OK to use warm compresses or a heating pad for short periods of time to soothe aching muscles . This should be done with an adult ' s supervision to prevent overheating the area or burning the skin . Just like the ice , heat should not be applied directly to the skin . You should have a protective layer like a towel between your skin and the warm compress . You may need to take pain medications that have been ordered by your doctor . It ' s good to remove any tight jewelry or clothing so you can have good blood flow to the injured area . A strain takes about 1 week to heal . A bad sprain may take longer — as long as 3 to 4 weeks to heal or sometimes even longer . While your strain or sprain heals , take it easy and do n ' t do stuff that could cause another injury . If you ' ve visited the doctor for your injury , you may have a follow - up visit to make sure everything is healing just right . When you ' re all healed , your doctor will give you the green light to do your favorite activities again ! Reviewed by : Steven Dowshen , MD Date reviewed : April 2014 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/vitamin.html | Vitamins en español Las vitaminas If you ' re like most kids , you ' ve probably heard at least one parent say , " Do n ' t forget to take your vitamin ! " or " Eat your salad — it ' s packed with vitamins ! " But what exactly are vitamins ? Vitamins and minerals are substances that are found in foods we eat . Your body needs them to work properly , so you grow and develop just like you should . When it comes to vitamins , each one has a special role to play . For example : Vitamin D in milk helps your bones Vitamin A in carrots helps you see at night . Vitamin C in oranges helps your body heal if you get a cut B vitamins in whole grains help your body make energy from food . Vitamins Hang Out in Water and Fat There are two types of vitamins : fat soluble and water soluble When you eat foods that contain fat - soluble vitamins , the vitamins are stored in the fat tissues in your body and in your liver . They wait around in your body fat until your body needs them . Fat - soluble vitamins are happy to stay stored in your body for awhile — some stay for a few days , some for up to 6 months ! Then , when it ' s time for them to be used , special carriers in your body take them to where they ' re needed . Vitamins A , D , E , and K are all fat - soluble vitamins . Water - soluble vitamins are different . When you eat foods that have water - soluble vitamins , the vitamins do n ' t get stored as much in your body . Instead , they travel through your bloodstream . Whatever your body does n ' t use comes out when you urinate ( pee ) . So these kinds of vitamins need to be replaced often because they do n ' t stick around ! This crowd of vitamins includes vitamin C and the big group of B vitamins — B1 ( thiamin ) , B2 ( riboflavin ) , niacin , B6 ( pyridoxine ) , folic acid , B12 ( cobalamine ) , biotin , and pantothenic acid . Vitamins Feed Your Needs Your body is one powerful machine , capable of doing all sorts of things by itself . But when it comes to vitamins , it can use some help . That ' s where food comes in . Your body is able to get the vitamins it needs from the foods you eat because different foods contain different vitamins . The key is to eat different foods to get an assortment of vitamins . Though some kids take a daily vitamin , most kids do n ' t need one if they ' re eating a variety of healthy foods Now , let ' s look more closely at vitamins — from A to K : Vitamin A This vitamin plays a really big part in eyesight . It ' s great for night vision , like when you ' re trick - or - treating on Halloween . Vitamin A helps you see in color , too , from the brightest yellow to the darkest purple . In addition , it helps your body fight infections by boosting your immune system . Which foods are rich in vitamin A ? milk fortified with vitamin A liver orange fruits and vegetables ( like cantaloupe , carrots , sweet potatoes ) dark green leafy vegetables ( like kale , collards , spinach ) The B Vitamins There ' s more than one B vitamin . Here ' s the list : B1 , B2 , B6 , B12 , niacin , folic acid , biotin , and pantothenic acid . Whew — that ' s quite a group ! The B vitamins are important in metabolic ( say : meh - tuh - BAH - lik ) activity — this means that they help make energy and set it free when your body needs it . So the next time you ' re running to third base , thank those B vitamins . This group of vitamins is also involved in making red blood cells , which carry oxygen throughout your body . Every part of your body needs oxygen to work properly , so these B vitamins have a really important job . Which foods are rich in vitamin B ? whole grains , such as wheat and oats fish and seafood poultry and meats eggs dairy products , like milk and yogurt leafy green vegetables beans and peas Vitamin C This vitamin is important for keeping body tissues , such as gums , bones , and blood vessels in good shape . C is also key if you get a cut or wound because it helps you heal . This vitamin also helps your body resist infection . This means that even though you ca n ' t always avoid getting sick , vitamin C makes it a little harder for your body to become infected with an illness . Which foods are rich in vitamin C ? citrus fruits , like oranges cantaloupe strawberries tomatoes broccoli cabbage kiwi fruit sweet red peppers Vitamin D No bones about it . . . vitamin D is the vitamin you need for strong bones ! It ' s also great for forming strong teeth . Vitamin D even lends a hand to an important mineral — it helps your body absorb the amount of calcium it needs . Vitamin D is made in the skin when exposed to sunlight , or you can get it from the foods you eat . Which foods are rich in vitamin D ? milk fortified with vitamin D fish egg yolks liver fortified cereal Vitamin E Everybody needs E . This hard - working vitamin protects your cells and tissues from damage . It is also important for the health of red blood cells . Which foods are rich in vitamin E ? whole grains , such as wheat and oats wheat germ leafy green vegetables vegetable oils like sunflower , canola , and olive egg yolks nuts and seeds Vitamin K Vitamin K is the clotmaster ! Remember the last time you got a cut ? Your blood did something special called clotting . This is when certain cells in your blood act like glue and stick together at the surface of the cut to help stop the bleeding . Which foods are rich in vitamin K ? dairy products , like milk and yogurt broccoli soybean oil When your body gets this vitamin and the other ones it needs , you ' ll be feeling A - OK ! Reviewed by : Mary L . Gavin , MD Date reviewed : July 2014 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/word-dna.html | KidsHealth for Kids Word ! DNA Word ! DNA en español ADN DNA ( En español : ADN Say : dee - enn - ay Your body is amazing and complicated . One of its complicated parts even has a complicated name : deoxyribonucleic ( say : dee - ox - see - ri - bo - nyoo - clay - ik ) acid . People usually call it DNA for short . DNA can be found inside the billions of cells that make up your body . And if you could see it , which you ca n ' t without a very strong microscope , it would look like a twisting ladder . | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adhd.html | ADHD en español TDAH What Is ADHD ? ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . It is a medical condition . A person with ADHD has differences in brain development and brain activity that affect attention , the ability to sit still , and self - control . ADHD can affect a child at school , at home , and in friendships . What Are the Signs of ADHD ? All kids struggle at times to pay attention , listen and follow directions , sit still , or wait their turn . But for kids with ADHD , the struggles are harder and happen more often . Kids with ADHD may have signs from one , two , or all three of these categories : Inattentive . Kids who are inattentive ( easily distracted ) have trouble focusing their attention , concentrating , and staying on task . They may not listen well to directions , may miss important details , and may not finish what they start . They may daydream or dawdle too much . They may seem absent - minded or forgetful , and lose track of their things . Hyperactive . Kids who are hyperactive are fidgety , restless , and easily bored . They may have trouble sitting still , or staying quiet when needed . They may rush through things and make careless mistakes . They may climb , jump , or roughhouse when they should n ' t . Without meaning to , they may act in ways that disrupt others . Impulsive . Kids who are impulsive act too quickly before thinking . They often interrupt , might push or grab , and find it hard to wait . They may do things without asking for permission , take things that are n ' t theirs , or act in ways that are risky . They may have emotional reactions that seem too intense for the situation . Sometimes parents and teachers notice signs of ADHD when a child is very young . But it ' s normal for little kids to be distractible , restless , impatient , or impulsive — these things do n ' t always mean that a child has ADHD . Attention , activity , and self - control develop little by little , as children grow . Kids learn these skills with help from parents and teachers . But some kids do n ' t get much better at paying attention , settling down , listening , or waiting . When these things continue and begin to cause problems at school , home , and with friends , it may be ADHD . How Is ADHD Diagnosed ? If you think your child has ADHD , make an appointment with your child ' s doctor . He or she will give your child a check - up , including vision and hearing , to be sure something else is n ' t causing the symptoms . The doctor can refer you to a child psychologist or psychiatrist if needed . To diagnose ADHD , doctors start by asking about a child ' s health , behavior , and activity . They talk with parents and kids about the things they have noticed . Your doctor might ask you to complete checklists about your child ' s behavior , and might ask you to give your child ' s teacher a checklist too . After gathering this information , doctors diagnose ADHD if it ' s clear that : A child ' s distractibility , hyperactivity , or impulsivity go beyond what ' s usual for their age . The behaviors have been going on since the child was young . Distractibility , hyperactivity , and impulsivity affect the child at school and at home . A health check shows that another health or learning issue is n ' t causing the problems . Many kids with ADHD also have learning problems , oppositional and defiant behaviors , or mood and anxiety problems . Doctors usually treat these along with the ADHD . How Is ADHD Treated ? Treatment for ADHD usually includes : Medicine This activates the brain ' s ability to pay attention , slow down , and use more self - control . Behavior therapy . Therapists can help kids develop the social , emotional , and planning skills that are lagging with ADHD . Parent coaching . Through coaching , parents learn the best ways to respond to behavior difficulties that are part of ADHD . School support . Teachers can help kids with ADHD do well and enjoy school more . The right treatment helps ADHD improve . Parents and teachers can teach younger kids to get better at managing their attention , behavior , and emotions . As they grow older , kids should learn to improve their own attention and self - control . When ADHD is not treated , it can be hard for kids to succeed . This may lead to low self - esteem , depression , oppositional behavior , school failure , risk - taking behavior , or family conflict . What Can Parents Do ? If your child is diagnosed with ADHD : Be involved . Learn all you can about ADHD . Follow the treatment your child ' s health care provider recommends . Keep all recommended appointments for therapy . Give medicines safely . If your child is taking ADHD medicine , always give it at the recommended time and dose . Keep medicines in a safe place . Work with your child ' s school . Ask teachers if your child should have an IEP . Meet often with teachers to find out how your child is doing . Work together to help your child do well Parent with purpose and warmth . Learn what parenting approaches are best for a child with ADHD — and which can make ADHD worse . Talk openly and supportively about ADHD with your child . Focus on your child ' s strengths and positive qualities . Connect with others for support and awareness . Join a support organization for ADHD to get updates on treatment and other information . What Causes ADHD ? It ' s not clear what causes the brain differences of ADHD . There ' s strong evidence that ADHD is mostly inherited . Many kids who have ADHD have a parent or relative with it . ADHD is not caused by too much screen time , poor parenting , or eating too much sugar . ADHD can improve when kids get treatment , eat healthy food , get enough sleep and exercise , and have supportive parents who know how to respond to ADHD . Reviewed by : Shirin Hasan , MD Date reviewed : November 2017 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/apgar.html | What Is the Apgar Score ? en español ¿ Qué es la puntuación de Apgar ? What Is the Apgar Score ? The Apgar score is a test given to newborns soon after birth . This test checks a baby ' s heart rate , muscle tone , and other signs to see if extra medical care or emergency care is needed . The test is usually given twice : once at 1 minute after birth , and again at 5 minutes after birth . Sometimes , if there are concerns about the baby ' s condition , the test may be given again . What Does " Apgar " Mean ? Apgar stands for " A ppearance , P ulse , G rimace , A ctivity , and R espiration . " In the test , five things are used to check a baby ' s health . Each is scored on a scale of 0 to 2 , with 2 being the best score : ppearance ( skin color ) P ulse ( heart rate ) G rimace response ( reflexes ) ctivity ( muscle tone ) R espiration ( breathing rate and effort ) Doctors , midwives , or nurses add up these five factors for the Apgar score . Scores are between 10 and 0 . Ten is the highest score possible , but few babies get it . That ' s because most babies ' hands and feet remain blue until they have warmed up . Apgar Scoring Apgar Sign 2 1 0 Appearance ( skin color ) Normal color all over ( hands and feet are pink ) Normal color ( but hands and feet are bluish ) Bluish - gray or pale all over Pulse ( heart rate ) Normal ( above 100 beats per minute ) Below 100 beats per minute Absent ( no pulse ) Grimace ( " reflex irritability " ) Pulls away , sneezes , coughs , or cries with stimulation Facial movement only ( grimace ) with stimulation Absent ( no response to stimulation ) Activity ( muscle tone ) Active , spontaneous movement Arms and legs flexed with little movement No movement , " floppy " tone Respiration ( breathing rate and effort ) Normal rate and effort , good cry Slow or irregular breathing , weak cry Absent ( no breathing ) What Does My Baby ' s Score Mean ? A baby who scores a 7 or above on the test is considered in good health . A lower score does not mean that your baby is unhealthy . It means that your baby may need some immediate medical care , such as suctioning of the airways or oxygen to help him or her breathe better . Perfectly healthy babies sometimes have a lower - than - usual score , especially in the first few minutes after birth . A slightly low score ( especially at 1 minute ) is common , especially in babies born : after a high - risk pregnancy through a C - section after a complicated labor and delivery prematurely At 5 minutes after birth , the test is given again . If a baby ' s score was low at first and has n ' t improved , or there are other concerns , the doctors and nurses will continue any necessary medical care . The baby will be monitored closely . What if My Baby Has a Low Score ? Many babies with low scores are perfectly healthy and do just fine after adjusting to life outside the womb . If your doctor or midwife is concerned about your baby ' s score , he or she will let you know and will explain how your baby is doing , what might be causing problems ( if any ) , and what care is being given . What Else Do I Need to Know ? This test was not designed to predict a baby ' s long - term health , behavior , intelligence , personality , or outcome . It was designed to help health care providers tell a newborn ' s overall physical condition so that they could quickly decide whether the baby needed immediate medical care . With time to adjust to the new environment and with any necessary medical care , most babies do very well . So rather than focusing on a number , just enjoy your new baby ! Reviewed by : Mary L . Gavin , MD Date reviewed : February 2018 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asperger.html | Search Results You searched for : asperger ( viewing results 1 to 10 ) Autism Special Needs Factsheet for Educators What teachers should know about autism , and teaching strategies to help students with autism do their best in school . Good Friends for Teens True friends are there for you no matter what . But friendship takes effort . This section is all about building friendship skills . Is There a Connection Between Vaccines and Autism ? for Parents Find out what the experts have to say . Making Friends : Answers for Kids With Autism for Kids Sometimes kids with autism want to make new friends , but are n ’ t sure how to do it . This article can help . Making Friends : Answers for Teens With Autism for Teens You might want to make new friends , but are n ’ t sure how to do it . This article for teens with autism can help . Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism spectrum disorder can make communicating and interacting with other people difficult . Find out more . What to Say : Answers for Teens With Autism Knowing what to say comes naturally for some people , but others need some help . Here ’ s advice for teens who want to learn how to get along with people . What to Say : Answers for Kids With Autism for Kids Knowing what to say comes naturally for some kids , but others need some help . Learn how to start a conversation , keep it going , and more . Taking Care of Your Body : Answers for Girls With Autism Learning how to take care of your body is part of growing up . Here ' s what you need to do to stay healthy and clean . Autism Spectrum Disorder for Parents Autism spectrum disorder affects a child ' s ability to communicate and learn . Early intervention and treatment can help kids improve skills and do their best . ( viewing results 1 to 10 ) | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bpd.html | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ( BPD ) en español Displasia broncopulmonar Babies who are born very prematurely or who have respiratory problems shortly after birth are at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( BPD ) , sometimes called chronic lung disease . Although most infants fully recover with few long - term health problems , BPD can be serious and need intensive medical care . Babies are n ' t born with BPD . It develops when premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome ( RDS ) need help to breathe for an extended period , which can lead to inflammation ( swelling ) and scarring in the lungs About BPD Bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( brahn - ko - PUL - moh - nair - ee dis - PLAY - zhee - uh ) involves abnormal development of lung tissue . It most often affects premature babies , who are born with underdeveloped lungs . " Dysplasia " means abnormal changes in the structure or organization of a group of cells . The cell changes in BPD take place in the smaller airways and lung alveoli , making breathing difficult and causing problems with lung function . Along with asthma and cystic fibrosis , BPD is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children . According to the National Heart , Lung , and Blood Institute ( NHLBI ) , there are between 5,000 and 10,000 cases of BPD every year in the United States . Babies with extremely low birth weight ( less than 2.2 pounds or 1,000 grams ) are most at risk for developing BPD . Although most of these infants eventually outgrow the more serious symptoms , in rare cases BPD — in combination with other complications of prematurity — can be fatal . Causes of BPD Most BPD cases affect premature infants ( preemies ) , usually those who are born more than 10 weeks early and weigh less than 4.5 pounds ( 2,000 grams ) . These babies are more likely to develop RDS ( also called hyaline membrane disease ) , which is a result of tissue damage to the lungs from being on a mechanical ventilator for a long time . Mechanical ventilators do the breathing for babies whose lungs are too immature to let them breathe on their own . Oxygen is delivered to the lungs through a tube inserted into the baby ' s trachea ( windpipe ) and is given under pressure from the machine to properly move air into stiff , underdeveloped lungs . Sometimes , for these babies to survive the amount of oxygen given must be higher than the oxygen concentration in the air we commonly breathe . This mechanical ventilation is essential to their survival . But over time , the pressure from the ventilation and excess oxygen intake can injure a newborn ' s delicate lungs , leading to RDS . Almost half of all extremely low birth weight infants will develop some form of RDS . RDS is considered BPD when p reemies still need oxygen therapy at their original due dates ( past 36 weeks ' postconceptional age ) . BPD also can be due to other problems that can affect a newborn ' s fragile lungs , such as trauma , pneumonia , and other infections . All of these can cause the inflammation and scarring associated with BPD , even in a full - term newborn or , very rarely , in older infants and children . Among premature babies who have a low birth weight , white male infants seem to be at greater risk for developing BPD , for reasons unknown to doctors . Genetics may play a role in some cases of BPD , too . Diagnosis Important factors in diagnosing BPD are prematurity , infection , mechanical ventilator dependence , and oxygen exposure . BPD is usually diagnosed if an infant still needs additional oxygen and continues to show signs of respiratory problems after 28 days of age ( or past 36 weeks ' postconceptional age ) . Chest X - rays may be helpful in making the diagnosis . In babies with RDS , the X - rays may show lungs that look like ground glass . In babies with BPD , the X - rays may show lungs that appear spongy . Treatment of BPD No available medical treatment can immediately cure bronchopulmonary dysplasia . Treatment is focused on supporting the breathing and oxygen needs of infants with BPD and to help them grow and thrive . Babies first diagnosed with BPD receive intense supportive care in the hospital , usually in a neonatal intensive care unit ( NICU ) until they can breathe well on their own , without the support of a mechanical ventilator . Some babies also may get jet ventilation , a continuous low - pressure ventilation that helps minimize the lung damage from ventilation that contributes to BPD . Not all hospitals use this procedure to treat BPD , but some with large NICUs do . Infants with BPD are also treated with different kinds of medicines that help to support lung function . These include bronchodilators ( such as albuterol ) to help keep the airways open , and diuretics ( such as furosemide ) to reduce fluid buildup in the lungs . Severe cases of BPD might be treated with a short course of steroids . This strong anti - inflammation medicine has some serious short - term and long - term side effects . Doctors would only use it after a discussion with a baby ' s parents , informing them of the potential benefits and risks of the drug . Antibiotics are sometimes needed to fight bacterial infections because babies with BPD are more likely to develop pneumonia . Part of a baby ' s treatment may involve the administration of surfactant , a natural lubricant that improves breathing function . Surfactant production may be affected in babies with RDS who have not yet developed BPD , so they might be given natural or synthetic surfactant to help protect against BPD . Also , babies sick enough to be hospitalized with BPD may need feedings of high - calorie formulas through a gastrostomy tube ( G - tube ) . This tube is inserted through the abdomen and delivers nutrition directly to the stomach so that babies get enough calories and start to grow . In severe cases , babies with BPD can not use their gastrointestinal systems to digest food . These babies require intravenous ( IV ) feedings — called TPN , or total parenteral nutrition — made up of fats , proteins , sugars , and nutrients . These are given through a small tube inserted into a large vein through the baby ' s skin . The time spent in the NICU for infants with BPD can range from several weeks to a few months . The average length of intensive in - hospital care for babies with BPD is 120 days . Even after leaving the hospital , a baby might need continued medication , breathing treatments , or even oxygen at home . Most babies are weaned from supplemental oxygen by the end of their first year , but a few with serious cases may need a ventilator for several years or , rarely , even their entire lives . Improvement for any baby with BPD is gradual . Many babies diagnosed with BPD will recover close to normal lung function , but this takes time . Scarred , stiffened lung tissue will always not work as well as it should . But as infants with BPD grow , new healthy lung tissue can form and grow , and might eventually take over much of the work of breathing for damaged lung tissue . Complications of BPD After coming through the more critical stages of BPD , some infants still have longer - term complications . They are often more at risk for respiratory infections , such as influenza ( the flu ) respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) , and pneumonia . And when they get an infection , they tend to get sicker than most children do . Another respiratory complication of BPD includes excess fluid buildup in the lungs , known as pulmonary edema , which makes it more difficult for air to travel through the airways . Occasionally , kids with a history of BPD also may develop complications of the circulatory system , such as pulmonary hypertension in which the pulmonary arteries — the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs — become narrowed and cause high blood pressure . But this is not common . Side effects from being given diuretics to prevent fluid buildup can include dehydration kidney stones ; hearing problems ; and low potassium , sodium , and calcium levels . Infants with BPD often grow more slowly than other babies , have problems gaining weight , and tend to lose weight when they ' re sick . Premature infants with severe BPD also have a higher incidence of cerebral palsy Overall , though , the risk of serious permanent complications from BPD is fairly small . Caring for Your Baby Parents play a critical role in caring for an infant with BPD . An important precaution is to reduce your baby ' s exposure to potential respiratory infections . Limit visits from people who are sick , and if your baby needs childcare , pick a small center , where there will be less exposure to sick kids . Making sure that your baby receives all recommended vaccinations is another important way to help prevent problems . And keep your child away from tobacco smoke , particularly in your home , as it is a serious respiratory irritant . If your baby requires oxygen at home , the doctors will show you how to work the tube and check oxygen levels . Children with asthma - type symptoms may need bronchodilators to relieve asthma - like attacks . You can give this medicine to your child with a puffer or nebulizer , which produces a fine spray of medicine that your child then breathes in . Because infants with BPD sometimes have trouble growing , you might need to feed your baby a high - calorie formula . Formula feedings may be given alone or as a supplement to breastfeeding . Sometimes , babies with BPD who are slower to gain weight will go home from the NICU on G - tube feedings . When to Call the Doctor Once a baby comes home from the hospital , parents still need to watch for signs of respiratory distress or BPD emergencies ( when a child has serious trouble breathing ) . Signs that an infant might need immediate care include : faster breathing than normal working much harder than usual to breathe : belly sinking in with breathing pulling in of the skin between the ribs with each breath growing tired or lethargic from working to breathe more coughing than usual panting or grunting wheezing pale , darker , or bluish skin color that may start around the lips or fingernails trouble feeding or excess spitting up or vomiting of feedings If you notice any of these symptoms in your baby , call your doctor or get emergency medical care right away . Reviewed by : Jay S . Greenspan , MD Date reviewed : October 2014 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/breastfeed-sleep.html | Breastfeeding FAQs : Sleep - Yours and Your Baby ' s Whether you ' re a new mom or a seasoned parenting pro , breastfeeding often comes with its fair share of questions . Here are some answers to common queries that mothers — new and veteran — may have . Where should my baby sleep ? There are many options for where your baby can sleep , but in your bed is not one of them . Putting your baby in bed with you , or bed - sharing , is hazardous and increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS ) While bed - sharing is n ' t a good idea , room - sharing ( keeping your little one close by ) can help make breastfeeding a whole lot easier . Here are ways to do that : Put a bassinet , play yard , or crib next to your bed . This lets you keep that desired closeness , which can be especially important if you ' re breastfeeding . The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP ) says that having an infant sleep in a separate crib , bassinet , or play yard in the same room as the mother reduces the risk of SIDS . Buy a device that looks like a bassinet or play yard with one side that is lower , which attaches to your bed to allow you to be next to your baby without the possibility of rolling over onto your infant . Never let your baby sleep on a soft surface or in the same room with people who are smoking . Babies should always be put on their backs to sleep to help reduce the risk of SIDS . To make nursing in bed more comfortable for yourself , it may help to keep a donut - type nursing pillow on or near your bed or to use a " husband " back pillow with arms on each side . Keep the room dimly lit for nighttime feedings and also keep stimulation ( talking , singing , etc . ) to a minimum . This will help your baby to realize that nighttime is for sleeping — not playing — and will encourage your little one to return to sleep sooner . My baby falls asleep while nursing . What can I do ? Newborns often fall asleep at the breast , especially after feeling satisfied from a good feeding . ( You ' ll know if your baby is n ' t nursing if you do n ' t hear swallowing sounds , like little clicks , or see the jawbones moving . ) If you think your baby is asleep and has n ' t finished nursing , here are some tips to try : undress your baby and rub the back tickle the feet burp your baby try changing your baby ' s diaper or switching to the other breast Babies who latch on incorrectly may fall asleep at the breast . If this happens , break the suction and reposition your baby onto your breast to include both your nipple and areola . You can break the suction by slipping your finger in the side of your baby ' s mouth ( between the gums ) and then turning your finger a quarter turn to break the suction . ( If you just pull your baby off your breast , it will likely startle your little one and hurt your breasts as well . ) After you ' ve broken the suction , try to burp your baby and switch your little one to the other breast . A lactation consultant can show you the right latch method and help you with any questions or concerns you might have . Is it OK to nurse my baby to sleep ? In the first few months of life , it ' s practically impossible to keep a nursing baby awake who is satisfied with a full belly . Once babies get older , however , most doctors advise against nursing a baby solely for the purpose of getting him or her to sleep . Doing this regularly may prevent your baby from learning how to fall asleep on his or her own . At nap times and bedtime , try to put your baby down slightly awake so that he or she will get used to falling asleep without having to nurse . Make breastfeeding sessions more about nourishment and less about pacifying . If your baby is sick or has been separated from you , you may want to nurse for comfort , but try not to make it a habit . If your baby has trouble falling asleep , consider giving him or her a pacifier . Experts recommend giving babies under 1 year old pacifiers at nap time and bedtime to reduce the risk of SIDS — but only after breastfeeding has become established , so no sooner than 3 weeks of age . But if your little one does n ' t want a pacifier , do n ' t push it . Try to encourage your baby ' s sleep by establishing a bedtime routine that will be familiar and relaxing . Bathing , reading , and singing can soothe babies and signal an end to the day . Be consistent and your baby will soon associate these steps with sleeping . When will my baby sleep through the night ? Newborns should be woken up every 3 to 4 hours until their weight gain is established , which typically happens within the first couple of weeks . After that , it ' s OK if a baby sleeps for longer periods of time . But do n ' t get your slumber hopes up just yet — most breastfed infants wo n ' t snooze for extended periods of time because they get hungry . Remember , breast milk is much more easily digested than formula , so it passes through babies ' systems faster and , therefore , makes them hungry more often . Newborns ' longest sleep periods are generally 4 or 5 hours — this is about how long their small bellies can go between feedings . If newborns do sleep for a while , they ' ll probably be extra - hungry during the day and may want to nurse more frequently . And just when parents think that sleeping through the night seems like a far - off dream , things start to get a little easier . At 3 months , a baby averages a total of 5 hours of sleep during daytime naps and 10 hours at night , usually with an interruption or two . Most babies this age sleep " through the night , " meaning 6 to 8 hours in a row . It can help to stimulate your baby during the day , keep things calm at night , and have a regular bedtime routine . But every baby is different , so do n ' t be surprised if your baby sleeps more or less than others . Will it hurt my milk supply to let my baby sleep ? Letting your baby sleep through the night ( usually at around 3 months of age ) is n ' t going to hurt your breastfeeding efforts . Your body readjusts your milk supply based on when you nurse and how much your baby needs . Some babies will sleep through the night early but will make up for it during the day , so your breasts will accommodate that . As your baby matures and starts taking solid foods , the need for breast milk will decrease and your body will adjust for that too . Reviewed by : Elana Pearl Ben - Joseph , MD Date reviewed : February 2015 | [
"Breastfeeding"
] |
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cold-sores.html | Cold Sores What Are Cold Sores ? Cold sores are small painful blisters that can appear around the mouth , face , or nose . Cold sores ( or fever blisters ) are very common . They usually go away on their own within 1 to 2 weeks . What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Cold Sores ? Cold sores first form blisters on the lips , around the mouth , and sometimes inside the mouth . The blisters then become sores , which can make eating painful . They ' re filled with fluid , but crust over and form a scab before they go away . Sometimes the virus causes redness and swelling of the gums , fever , muscle aches , a generally ill feeling , and swollen neck glands . After a child first gets HSV - 1 , the virus can lie quietly in the body without causing any symptoms . But it can wake up again later from things like : other infections a fever sunlight cold weather menstrual periods stress , like before a big test at school When the virus reactivates , it can cause tingling and numbness around the mouth before blisters appear . What Causes Cold Sores ? The herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV - 1 ) causes cold sores . This is a different virus from herpes simplex virus type 2 ( HSV - 2 ) . HSV - 2 causes lesions in the genital area called genital herpes . Even though HSV - 1 typically causes sores around the mouth and HSV - 2 causes genital sores , these viruses can cause sores in either place . How Do Kids Get Cold Sores ? Kids can get HSV - 1 by kissing or touching a person with cold sores , or by sharing eating utensils , towels , or other items with an infected person . Many kids get infected with HSV - 1 during the preschool years . How Are Cold Sores Treated ? Cold sores usually go away in about 1 to 2 weeks . No medicines can make the virus go away , but some treatments can help make cold sores less painful and not last as long : Cold compresses can help with discomfort . Prescription or over - the - counter treatments are sometimes recommended by the doctor . Cool foods and drinks can help make kids more comfortable . Giving acetaminophen may ease pain . Do n ' t give aspirin to kids with viral infections , as it ' s linked to a rare but serious illness called Reye syndrome When Should I Call the Doctor ? Call the doctor if your child : is younger than 6 months old and gets a cold sore has a weakened immune system , which could allow the HSV infection to spread and cause problems in other parts of the body has sores that do n ' t heal by themselves within 2 weeks has any sores near the eyes or irritation of the eyes gets cold sores a lot Can Cold Sores Be Prevented ? The virus that causes cold sores is very contagious . To help prevent it from spreading to others , anyone with a cold sore should : Keep their drinking glasses and eating utensils , as well as washcloths and towels , separate from those used by other family members and wash these items well after use . Not kiss others until the sores heal . Wash their hands well and often , especially after touching a cold sore . They also should try not to touch their eyes . If HSV infects the eyes , it can be very serious . If you ' re caring for a child with a cold sore , wash your hands often so that you do n ' t get the virus or spread it to others . Reviewed by : Larissa Hirsch , MD Date reviewed : February 2019 | [
"Cold Sores"
] |
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coxsackie.html | Coxsackievirus Infections en español Virus Coxsackie What Are Coxsackievirus Infections ? Coxsackieviruses are part of the enterovirus family of viruses ( which also includes polioviruses and hepatitis A virus ) that live in the human digestive tract . The viruses can spread from person to person , usually on unwashed hands and surfaces contaminated by feces ( poop ) , where they can live for several days . In most cases , infections cause mild flu - like symptoms and go away without treatment . But in some cases , they can lead to more serious infections . What Are the Signs & Symptoms Coxsackievirus Infections ? Coxsackievirus can produce a wide variety of symptoms . About half of all kids with an infection have no symptoms . Others suddenly get a high fever , headache , and muscle aches , and some also develop a sore throat , abdominal discomfort , or nausea . A child with a coxsackievirus infection may simply feel hot but have no other symptoms . In most kids , the fever lasts about 3 days , then disappears . What Problems Can Happen ? Coxsackieviruses can cause symptoms that affect different body parts , including : Hand , foot , and mouth disease , a type of coxsackievirus syndrome , causes painful red blisters in the throat and on the tongue , gums , hard palate , inside of the cheeks , and the palms of hands and soles of the feet . Herpangina , an infection of the throat , causes red - ringed blisters and ulcers on the tonsils and soft palate , the fleshy back portion of the roof of the mouth . Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis , an infection that affects the whites of the eyes , usually begins as eye pain , followed quickly by red , watery eyes with swelling , light sensitivity , and blurred vision . Occasionally , coxsackieviruses can cause more serious infections that may need to be treated in a hospital , including : viral meningitis , an infection of the meninges ( membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord ) encephalitis , a brain infection myocarditis , an infection of the heart muscle Mothers can pass an infection to their newborns during or just after birth . Babies are more at risk for a serious infection , including myocarditis , hepatitis , and meningoencephalitis ( an inflammation of the brain and meninges ) . In newborns , symptoms can develop within 2 weeks after birth . Are Coxsackievirus Infections Contagious ? Coxsackieviruses are very contagious . They can be passed from person to person on unwashed hands and surfaces contaminated by feces . They also can be spread through droplets of fluid sprayed into the air when someone sneezes or coughs . When an outbreak affects a community , risk for coxsackievirus infection is highest among infants and kids younger than 5 . The virus spreads easily in group settings like schools , childcare centers , and summer camps . People are most contagious the first week they ' re sick . In cooler climates , outbreaks most often happen in the summer and fall , but tropical parts of the world have them year - round in . How Are Coxsackievirus Infections Treated ? Depending on the type of infection and symptoms , the doctor may prescribe medicines to make your child feel more comfortable . Because antibiotics only work against bacteria , they ca n ' t be used to fight a coxsackievirus infection . You can give acetaminophen or ibuprofen to relieve minor aches and pains . If the fever lasts for more than 24 hours or if your child has any symptoms of a more serious coxsackievirus infection , call your doctor . Most kids with a simple coxsackievirus infection recover completely after a few days without needing any medical treatment . A child who has a fever without any other symptoms should rest in bed or play quietly indoors . Offer plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration How Long Do Coxsackievirus Infections Last ? How long the infection lasts can vary . Kids who only have a fever may see their temperature return to normal within 24 hours , although the average fever lasts 3 days . Hand , foot , and mouth disease usually lasts for 2 or 3 days ; viral meningitis can take 3 to 7 days to clear up . When Should I Call the Doctor ? Call the doctor immediately if your child has any of these symptoms : fever higher than 100.4 ° F ( 38 ° C ) for infants younger than 6 months and higher than 102 ° F ( 38.8 ° C ) for older kids poor appetite trouble feeding vomiting diarrhea difficulty breathing convulsions unusual sleepiness pain in the chest or abdomen sores on the skin or inside the mouth severe sore throat severe headache , especially with vomiting , confusion , or unusual sleepiness neck stiffness red , swollen , and watery eyes pain in one or both testicles Can Coxsackievirus Infections Be Prevented ? There is no vaccine to prevent coxsackievirus infection . Hand washing is the best protection . Remind everyone in your family to wash their hands well and often , especially after using the toilet , after changing a diaper , before meals , and before preparing food . Shared toys in childcare centers should be cleaned often with a disinfectant because the virus can live on these objects for days . Kids who are sick with a coxsackievirus infection should be kept out of school or childcare for a few days to avoid spreading the infection . Reviewed by : Joanne Murren - Boezem , MD Date reviewed : September 2017 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/exercise.html | Kids and Exercise en español Los niños y el ejercicio When most adults think about exercise , they imagine working out in the gym , running on a treadmill , or lifting weights . But for kids , exercise means playing and being physically active . Kids exercise when they have gym class at school , during recess , at dance class or soccer practice , while riding bikes , or when playing tag . The Many Benefits of Exercise Everyone can benefit from regular exercise . Active kids will have : stronger muscles and bones leaner bodies less risk of becoming overweight a lower chance of getting type 2 diabetes lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels a better outlook on life Besides enjoying the health benefits of regular exercise , fit kids sleep better . They ' re also better able to handle physical and emotional challenges — from running to catch a bus to studying for a test . The Three Elements of Fitness If you ' ve ever watched kids on a playground , you ' ve seen the three elements of fitness in action when they : run away from the kid who ' s " it " ( endurance cross the monkey bars ( strength bend down to tie their shoes ( flexibility Parents should encourage their kids to do a variety of activities so that they can work on all three elements . Endurance develops when kids regularly get aerobic activity . During aerobic exercise , large muscles are moving , the heart beats faster , and a person breathes harder . Aerobic activity strengthens the heart and improves the body ' s ability to deliver oxygen to all its cells . Aerobic exercise can be fun for both adults and kids . Aerobic activities include : basketball bicycling ice skating inline skating soccer swimming tennis walking jogging running Improving strength does n ' t have to mean lifting weights . Instead , kids can do push - ups , stomach crunches , pull - ups , and other exercises to help tone and strengthen muscles . They also improve their strength when they climb , do a handstand , or wrestle . Stretching exercises help improve flexibility , allowing muscles and joints to bend and move easily through their full range of motion . Kids get chances every day to stretch when they reach for a toy , practice a split , or do a cartwheel . The Sedentary Problem Kids and teens are sitting around a lot more than they used to . They spend hours every day in front of a screen ( TVs , smartphones , tablets , and other devices ) looking at a variety of media ( TV shows , videos , movies , games ) . Too much screen time and not enough physical activity add to the problem of childhood obesity . One of the best ways to get kids to be more active is to limit the amount of time spent in sedentary activities , especially watching TV or other screens . The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP ) recommends that parents : Put limits on the time spent using media , which includes TV , social media , and video games . Media should not take the place of getting enough sleep and being active . Limit screen time to 1 hour a day or less for children 2 to 5 years old . Discourage any screen time , except video - chatting , for kids younger than 18 months . Choose high - quality programming and watch it with your kids to help them understand what they ' re seeing . Keep TVs , computers , and video games out of children ' s bedrooms . Turn off screens during mealtimes . How Much Exercise Is Enough ? Parents should make sure that their kids get enough exercise . So , how much is enough ? Kids and teens should get 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily . Toddlers and preschool children should play actively several times a day . Toddlers should get at least 60 minutes active play every day and preschoolers should have at least 120 minutes active play every day . This time should include planned , adult - led physical activity and unstructured active free play . Young children should not be inactive for long periods of time — no more than 1 hour unless they ' re sleeping . And school - age children should not be inactive for periods longer than 2 hours . Raising Fit Kids Combining regular physical activity with a healthy diet is the key to a healthy lifestyle Here are some tips for raising fit kids : Help your kids do in a variety of age - appropriate activities . Set a regular schedule for physical activity . Make being active a part of daily life , like taking the stairs instead of the elevator . Embrace a healthier lifestyle yourself , so you ' ll be a positive role model for your family . Be active together as a family . Keep it fun , so your kids will come back for more . Reviewed by : Mary L . Gavin , MD Date reviewed : June 2018 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed812m.html | Feeding Your 8 - to 12 - Month - Old en español Alimentar a su hijo de 8 a 12 meses de edad By 8 months old , most babies are pros at handling the iron - fortified infant cereals and the pureed foods that are part of their diet , along with breast milk or formula . Over the next few months , they will start to explore table foods . Changing Eating Habits As you expand your baby ' s palate , continue to give new foods a trial run ( a few days to a week ) to look for any allergic reactions . But : Do not give honey until after a baby ' s first birthday . Honey may contain certain spores that , while harmless to adults , can cause botulism in babies . Do not give regular cow ' s milk until your baby is older than 12 months because it does not have the nutrition that infants need . You can buy baby foods that offer new tastes and textures . You can fork - mash , cut up , blend or grind whatever foods the rest of the family eats . To prevent choking , cook table foods a little longer , until very soft , and cut them into small pieces that your baby can handle safely . By the time babies are around 9 months old , they usually have the dexterity and coordination to take food between forefinger and thumb so that they can try feeding themselves with their fingers . If you have n ' t already , have your baby join the rest of the family at meals . At this age , they enjoy being at the table . By the first birthday , babies are ready to go from formula to cow ' s milk . If you ' re breastfeeding , you can continue beyond your baby ’ s first birthday , if desired . If you decide to stop breastfeeding before your baby ' s first birthday , you will have to give iron - fortified formula . If your baby is over 12 months , you can offer whole milk . You ' ve probably already introduced your baby to a sippy cup , so let him or her keep working on it . ( Juice should always be given in a cup , not a bottle . ) After 12 months , you can serve whole milk in a cup , which will help with the transition from the bottle Feeding Safety Never leave your baby unattended while eating . Do n ' t serve foods that your baby could choke on , such as whole grapes , raw vegetables , hard fruits , raisins , white bread , pieces of hard cheese , hot dogs , popcorn , and hard candies . If you ' re unsure about whether a finger food is safe , ask yourself : Does it melt in the mouth ? Some dry cereals will melt in the mouth , and so will light and flaky crackers . Is it cooked enough so that it mashes easily ? Well - cooked vegetables and fruits will mash easily . So will canned fruits and vegetables . ( Make sure to choose canned foods that do n ' t have added sugar or salt . ) Is it naturally soft ? Cottage cheese , shredded cheese , and small pieces of tofu are soft . Can it be gummed ? Pieces of ripe banana and well - cooked pasta can be gummed . Making Meals Work Keep your baby ' s personality in mind when feeding your baby . A child who likes a lot of stimulation may enjoy it when you " play airplane " with the spoon to get the food into his or her mouth . A more sensitive tot , however , may need the focus kept on eating with minimal distractions . If your baby rejects new tastes and textures , serve new foods in small portions and mix them with food you know your child likes . How Much Should My Baby Eat ? Infant formula and breast milk continue to provide important nutrients for growing infants , but babies will start to drink less as they approach the first birthday . They ' re getting more nutrients now from the variety of foods they ' ve learned to eat and enjoy . You may worry that you ' re feeding your baby too much or not enough . Pay attention to your child ' s cues of hunger and fullness . A child who is full may suck with less enthusiasm , stop , or turn away from the breast or the bottle . With solid foods , your baby may turn away , refuse to open his or her mouth , or spit the food out . Let your baby finger feed or hold a spoon while you do the actual feeding . This is good preparation for the toddler years , when kids take charge of feeding themselves . And if you have n ' t already , set regular meal and snack times . Reviewed by : Mary L . Gavin , MD Date reviewed : January 2018 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/formulafeed-storing.html | Formula Feeding FAQs : Preparation and Storage Whether you ' ve decided to formula feed your baby from the start , are supplementing your breast milk with formula , or are switching from breast milk to formula , you ' re bound to have questions . Here are answers to some common queries about formula feeding . Do I need to sterilize my baby ' s bottles ? Before the first use , you ' ll need to sterilize nipples and bottles in a rolling boil for 5 minutes . You can also sterilize them with a store - bought countertop or microwaveable sterilizer , but boiling works just as well and costs nothing . After that , it ' s not necessary to sterilize your baby ' s bottles and supplies each time you feed your baby . You will need to wash bottles and nipples in hot , soapy water ( or run them through the dishwasher ) after every use . They can transmit bacteria if not cleaned properly . How do I prepare my baby ' s bottles ? Prepare your baby ' s formula by mixing water and the appropriate amount of powdered infant formula . The packaging on the side of the formula container will tell you how much to use . Carefully follow the directions . You can use tepid ( room temperature ) tap water , as long as your local or state health departments have labeled it as safe to drink . If you ' re concerned about your water , you may sterilize it to kill germs . Here ' s how : pour cold tap water into a teapot or saucepan place pot on the stove over medium heat bring water to a rolling boil , and let boil for about a minute let the water cool until it ' s at room temperature Test to see if the water is cool enough for your baby to drink by shaking a few drops of water on the inside of your wrist . If it stings , it ' s still too hot . Once water has cooled , do n ' t let it sit longer than 30 minutes before adding it to the formula . Once prepared , the formula is ready to feed to your baby immediately without additional refrigeration or warming . Formula that ' s been prepared should be consumed or stored in the refrigerator within 1 hour . If it has been at room temperature for more than 1 hour , throw it away . And if your baby does n ' t drink all the formula in the bottle , throw away the unused portion — do not save it for later . Formula may be prepared ahead of time ( for up to 24 hours ) if you store it in the refrigerator to prevent the formation of bacteria . Open containers of ready - made formula , concentrated formula , and formula prepared from concentrate also can be stored safely in the refrigerator for up to 48 hours . How do I warm my baby ' s bottles ? Some babies may actually prefer cold or room - temperature bottles to warm , especially if you start serving them that way from the get - go ( which can make things easier for you in the long run ) . But if your baby does prefer a warm bottle , remember that the microwave can create dangerous " hot spots " in bottles , so you should never microwave formula . Instead , you can : Run the bottle under very warm or hot water for a few minutes . Put your baby ' s bottles in a pan of hot water . Just be sure to remove the pan from the heat source before placing the bottle in it . Use bottle warmers that either sit on your countertop at home or plug into your car ' s lighter . Whichever way you choose to heat your baby ' s bottles , be sure to shake the bottle vigorously . Then test the temperature of the formula by squirting a drop or two on the inside or your wrist before feeding your baby . It should be lukewarm ( barely warm ) not hot . When should I prepare the bottles ? Some parents opt to make a bottle just before each feeding , but many others choose to pre - make and refrigerate enough to use for the day . If you know your baby eats every 3 - 4 hours , for instance , you can make six to eight bottles to last you all day . If your baby is staying with a caregiver for a long period of time , you may want to prepare just one or two bottles and leave instructions and supplies ( bottles , nipples , formula , and water , if necessary ) so the caregiver can prepare bottles as needed and not waste any formula . After all , you ' ll need to throw away any mixed formula that is not used after 24 hours . How long can mixed formula keep in the fridge ? You should always refrigerate any bottles you fill for later feedings to prevent bacteria from growing , as well as any open containers of ready - to - feed or concentrate formula . Throw away any mixed formula after 24 hours and any open ready - to - feed or concentrate formula after 48 hours . How long can a bottle keep at room temperature ? Discard any prepared or ready - to - feed formula that ' s been sitting out after 1 hour . If formula is left over , can I offer it again ? No , throw away any leftover formula . There ' s a chance bacteria may have formed since the last feeding , which could make your baby sick . Reviewed by : Elana Pearl Ben - Joseph , MD Date reviewed : February 2015 | [
"Formula Feeding",
"baby 's bottles",
"KidsHealth"
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/habits.html | Healthy Eating en español Una alimentación saludable Whether you have a toddler or a teen , here are five of the best strategies to improve nutrition and encourage smart eating habits : Have regular family meals Serve a variety of healthy foods and snacks . Be a role model by eating healthy yourself . Avoid battles over food . Involve kids in the process . Sure , eating well can be hard — family schedules are hectic and grab - and - go convenience food is readily available . But our tips can help make all five strategies part of your busy household . Family Meals Family meals are a comforting ritual for both parents and kids . Children like the predictability of family meals and parents get a chance to catch up with their kids . Kids who take part in regular family meals are also : more likely to eat fruits , vegetables , and grains less likely to snack on unhealthy foods less likely to smoke , use marijuana , or drink alcohol Also , family meals are a chance for parents to introduce kids to new foods and to be role models for healthy eating . Teens may turn up their noses at the prospect of a family meal — not surprising because they ' re busy and want to be more independent . Yet studies find that teens still want their parents ' advice and counsel , so use mealtime as a chance to reconnect . You might also try these tips : Let kids invite a friend to dinner . Involve your child in meal planning and preparation . Keep mealtime calm and friendly — no lectures or arguing . What counts as a family meal ? Whenever you and your family eat together — whether it ' s takeout food or a home - cooked meal with all the trimmings . Strive for nutritious food and a time when everyone can be there . This may mean eating dinner a little later to accommodate a teen who ' s at sports practice . It also can mean setting aside time on the weekends when it may be more convenient to gather as a group , such as for Sunday brunch . Stock Up on Healthy Foods Kids , especially younger ones , will eat mostly what ' s available at home . That ' s why it ' s important to control the supply lines — the foods that you serve for meals and have on hand for snacks . Follow these basic guidelines : Work fruits and vegetables into the daily routine , aiming for the goal of at least five servings a day . Be sure you serve fruit or vegetables at every meal . Make it easy for kids to choose healthy snacks by keeping fruits and vegetables on hand and ready to eat . Other good snacks include low - fat yogurt , peanut butter and celery , or whole - grain crackers and cheese . Serve lean meats and other good sources of protein , such as fish , eggs , beans , and nuts . Choose whole - grain breads and cereals so kids get more fiber Limit fat intake by avoiding fried foods and choosing healthier cooking methods , such as broiling , grilling , roasting , and steaming . Choose low - fat or nonfat dairy products . Limit fast food and low - nutrient snacks , such as chips and candy . But do n ' t completely ban favorite snacks from your home . Instead , make them " once - in - a - while " foods , so kids do n ' t feel deprived . Limit sugary drinks , such as soda and fruit - flavored drinks . Serve water and low - fat milk instead . Be a Role Model The best way for you to encourage healthy eating is to eat well yourself . Kids will follow the lead of the adults they see every day . By eating fruits and vegetables and not overindulging in the less nutritious stuff , you ' ll be sending the right message . Another way to be a good role model is to serve appropriate portions and not overeat . Talk about your feelings of fullness , especially with younger children . You might say , " This is delicious , but I ' m full , so I ' m going to stop eating . " Similarly , parents who are always dieting or complaining about their bodies may foster these same negative feelings in their kids . Try to keep a positive approach about food . Do n ' t Battle Over Food It ' s easy for food to become a source of conflict . Well - intentioned parents might find themselves bargaining or bribing kids so they eat the healthy food in front of them . A better strategy is to give kids some control , but to also limit the kind of foods available at home . Kids should decide if they ' re hungry , what they will eat from the foods served , and when they ' re full . Parents control which foods are available to their kids , both at mealtime and between meals . Here are some guidelines to follow : Establish a predictable schedule of meals and snacks . It ' s OK to choose not to eat when both parents and kids know when to expect the next meal or snack . Do n ' t force kids to clean their plates . Doing so teaches kids to override feelings of fullness . Do n ' t bribe or reward kids with food . Avoid using dessert as the prize for eating the meal . Do n ' t use food as a way of showing love . When you want to show love , give kids a hug , some of your time , or praise . Get Kids Involved Most kids will enjoy deciding what to make for dinner . Talk to them about making choices and planning a balanced meal . Some might even want to help shop for ingredients and prepare the meal . At the store , teach kids to check out food labels to begin understanding what to look for . In the kitchen , select age - appropriate tasks so kids can play a part without getting injured or feeling overwhelmed . And at the end of the meal , do n ' t forget to praise the chef . School lunches can be another learning lesson for kids . More important , if you can get them thinking about what they eat for lunch , you might be able to help them make positive changes . Brainstorm about what kinds of foods they ' d like for lunch or go to the grocery store to shop together for healthy , packable foods . There ' s another important reason why kids should be involved : It can help prepare them to make good decisions on their own about the foods they want to eat . That ' s not to say they ' ll suddenly want a salad instead of french fries , but the mealtime habits you help create now can lead to a lifetime of healthier choices . Check out some healthy recipes for kids of all ages . Reviewed by : Elana Pearl Ben - Joseph , MD Date reviewed : June 2018 | [
"Healthy Eating",
"Family Meals",
"Family Meals"
] |
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/help-child-divorce.html | Helping Your Child Through a Divorce en español Ayudando a su hijo durante un divorcio Thousands of kids experience the stress of divorce each year . How they react depends on their age , personality , and the circumstances of the separation and divorce process . Every divorce will affect the kids involved — and many times the initial reaction is one of shock , sadness , frustration , anger , or worry . But kids also can come out of it better able to cope with stress , and many become more flexible , tolerant young adults . The most important things that both parents can do to help kids through this difficult time are : Keep visible conflict , heated discussions , and legal talk away from the kids . Minimize the disruptions to kids ' daily routines . Confine negativity and blame to private therapy sessions or conversations with friends outside the home . Keep each parent involved in the kids ' lives . Adults going through separation and divorce need support — from friends , professionals , clergy , and family . But do n ' t seek support from your kids , even if they seem to want you to . Breaking the News As soon as you ' re certain of your plans , talk to your kids about your decision to live apart . Although there ' s no easy way to break the news , if possible have both parents there for this conversation . It ' s important to try to leave feelings of anger , guilt , or blame out of it . Practice how you ' re going to manage telling your kids so you do n ' t become upset or angry during the talk . The discussion should fit the child ' s age , maturity , and temperament . But it should always include this message : What happened is between mom and dad and is not the child ' s fault . Most kids will feel they ' re to blame even after parents have said that they ' re not . So it ' s vital for parents to keep giving this reassurance . Tell your kids that sometimes adults change the way they love each other or ca n ' t agree on things and so they have to live apart . But remind them that kids and parents are tied together for life , by birth or adoption . Parents and kids often do n ' t agree on things , but that is part of the circle of life — parents and kids do n ' t stop loving each other or get divorced from each other . Give kids enough information to prepare them for the upcoming changes in their lives . Try to answer their questions as truthfully as possible . Remember that kids do n ' t need to know all the reasons behind a divorce ( especially if it involves blaming the other parent ) . It ' s enough for them to understand what will change in their daily routine — and , just as important , what will not . With younger kids , it ' s best to keep it simple . You might say something like : " Mom and dad are going to live in different houses so they do n ' t fight so much , but we both love you very much . " Older kids and teens may be more in tune with what parents have been going through , and might have more questions based on what they ' ve overheard and picked up on from conversations and fights . Handling Kids ' Reactions Tell kids who are upset about the news that you recognize and care about their feelings , and reassure them that all of their upset feelings are perfectly OK and understandable . You might say : " I know this is very upsetting for you . Can we try to think of something that would make you feel better ? " or " We both love you and are sorry that we have to live apart . " Not all kids react right away . Let yours know that ' s OK , too , and that you can talk when they ' re ready . Some kids try to please their parents by acting as if everything is fine , or try to avoid any difficult feelings by denying that they feel any anger or sadness at the news . Sometimes stress comes out in other ways — at school , or with friends , or in changes to their appetite , behavior or sleep patterns . Whether your kids express fear , worry , or relief about your separation and divorce , they ' ll want to know how their own day - to - day lives might change . Be prepared to answer these and other questions : Who will I live with ? Where will I go to school ? Will I move ? Where will each parent live ? Where will we spend holidays ? Will I still get to see my friends ? Can I still go to camp this summer ? Can I still do my favorite activities ? Being honest is not always easy when you do n ' t have all the answers or when kids are feeling scared or guilty about what ' s going on . But telling them what they need to know at that moment is always the right thing to do . Helping Kids Cope Many kids — and parents — grieve the loss of the kind of family they had hoped for , and kids especially miss the presence of both parents and the family life they had . That ' s why it ' s common and very natural for some kids to hold out hope that their parents will someday get back together — even after the finality of divorce has been explained to them . Mourning the loss of a family is normal , but over time both you and your kids will come to accept the new situation . So reassure them that it ' s OK to wish that mom and dad will reunite , but also explain the finality of your decisions . Here are some ways to help kids cope with the upset of a divorce : Encourage honesty . Kids need to know that their feelings are important to their parents and that they ' ll be taken seriously . Help them put their feelings into words . Kids ' behavior can often clue you in to their feelings of sadness or anger . You might say : " It seems as if you ' re feeling sad right now . Do you know what ' s making you feel so sad ? " Be a good listener , even if it ' s difficult for you to hear what they have to say . Legitimize their feelings . Saying " I know you feel sad now " or " I know it feels lonely without dad here " lets kids know that their feelings are valid . It ' s important to encourage kids to get it all out before you start offering ways to make it better . Let kids know it ' s also OK to feel happy or relieved or excited about the future . Offer support . Ask , " What do you think will help you feel better ? " They might not be able to name something , but you can suggest a few ideas — maybe just to sit together , take a walk , or hold a favorite stuffed animal . Younger kids might especially appreciate an offer to call daddy on the phone or to make a picture to give to mommy when she comes at the end of the day . Keep yourself healthy . For adults , separation and divorce is highly stressful . That pressure may be amplified by custody , property , and financial issues , which can bring out the worst in people . Finding ways to manage your own stress is essential for you and your entire family . Keeping yourself as physically and emotionally healthy as possible can help combat the effects of stress , and by making sure you ' re taking care of your own needs , you can ensure that you ' ll be in the best possible shape to take care of your kids . Keep the details in check . Take care to ensure privacy when discussing the details of the divorce with friends , family , or your lawyer . Try to keep your interactions with your ex as civil as possible , especially when you ' re interacting in front of the kids . Take the high road — do n ' t resort to blaming or name - calling within earshot of your kids , no matter what the circumstances of the separation . This is especially important in an " at fault " divorce where there have been especially hurtful events , like infidelity . Take care to keep letters , e - mails , and text messages in a secure location as kids will be naturally curious if there is a high - conflict situation going on at home . Get help . This is not the time to go it alone . Find a support group , talk to others who have gone through this , use online resources , or ask your doctor or religious leaders to refer you to other resources . Getting help yourself sets a good example for your kids on how to make a healthy adjustment to this major change . Help from a counselor , therapist , or friend will also maintain healthy boundaries with your kids . It ' s very important not to lean on your kids for support . Older kids and those who are eager to please may try to make you feel better by offering a shoulder to cry on . No matter how tempting that is , it ' s best not to let them be the provider of your emotional support . Let your kids know how touched you are by their caring nature and kindness , but do your venting to a The Importance of Consistency Consistency and routine can go a long way toward providing comfort and familiarity that can help your family during this major life change . When possible , minimize unpredictable schedules , transitions , or abrupt separations . Especially during a divorce , kids will benefit from one - on - one time with each parent . No matter how inconvenient , try to accommodate your ex - partner as you figure out visitation schedules . It ' s natural that you ' ll be concerned about how a child is coping with this change . The best thing that you can do is trust your instincts and rely on what you know about your kids . Do they seem to be acting differently than usual ? Is a child doing things like regressing to younger behaviors , such as thumb - sucking or bedwetting ? Do emotions seem to be getting in the way of everyday routines , like school and social life ? Behavioral changes are important to watch out for — any new or changing signs of moodiness ; sadness ; anxiety ; school problems ; or difficulties with friends , appetite , and sleep can be signs of a problem . Older kids and teens may be vulnerable to risky behaviors such as alcohol and drug use , skipping school , and defiant acts . Regardless of whether such troubles are related to the divorce , they are serious problems that affect a teen ' s well - being and indicate the need for outside help . Fighting in Front of the Kids Although the occasional argument between parents is expected in any family , living in a battleground of continual hostility and unresolved conflict can place a heavy burden on a child . Screaming , fighting , arguing , or violence can make kids feel worried and afraid . Parents in open conflict set a bad example for their kids , who are still learning how to form their own relationships . Kids whose parents express anger and hostility are much more likely to have emotional and behavioral problems that continue past childhood . Talking with a mediator or divorce counselor can help couples air their grievances and hurt to each other in a way that does n ' t harm their children . Though it may be difficult , working together in this way will spare kids the hurt caused by continued bitterness and anger . Adjusting to a New Living Situation Because divorce can be such a big change , adjustments in living arrangements should be handled gradually . Several types of living situations should be considered : one parent may have sole custody joint custody in which both legal and physical custody are shared joint custody where one parent has " tie - breaking " authority in certain medical or educational settings Which one is right for your kids ? That ' s a tough question and often the one that couples spend most time disagreeing on . Although some kids can thrive spending half their time with each parent , others seem to need the stability of having one " home " and visiting with the other parent . Some parents choose to both remain in the same home — but this only works in the rarest of circumstances and in general should be avoided . Whatever arrangement you choose , your child ' s needs should come first . Avoid getting involved in a tug of war as a way to " win . " When deciding how to handle holidays , birthdays , and vacations , stay focused on what ' s best for the kids . It ' s important for parents to resolve these issues themselves and not ask the kids to choose . During the preteen years , when kids become more involved with activities apart from their parents , they may need different schedules to accommodate their changing priorities . Ideally , kids benefit most from consistent support from both parents , but they may resist equal time - sharing if it interrupts school or their social lives . Be prepared for their thoughts on time - sharing , and try to be flexible . Your child may refuse to share time with you and your spouse equally and may try to take sides . If this happens , as hard as it is , try not to take it personally . Maintain the visitation schedule and emphasize the importance of the involvement of both parents . Kids sometimes propose spending an entire summer , semester , or school year with the noncustodial parent . But this may not mean that they want to move . Listen to and explore these options if they ' re brought up . This kind of arrangement can work well in " friendly " divorces , but is not typical of higher - conflict situations . Parenting Under Pressure As much as possible , both parents should work to keep routines and discipline the same in both households . Similar expectations about bedtimes , rules , and homework will reduce anxiety , especially in younger children . Even though you ca n ' t enforce the rules in your ex - partner ' s home , stick to them in yours . Relaxing limits , especially during a time of change , tends to make kids insecure and less likely to recognize your parental authority later . And buying things to replace love or letting kids act out is not in their best interests , and you could struggle to reel them back in once the dust settles . Instead , you can lavish affection on them — kids do n ' t get spoiled by too Divorce can be a major crisis for a family . However , if you and your former spouse can work together and communicate civilly for the benefit of your children , the original family unit can continue to be a source of strength , even if stepfamilies enter the picture . So remember to : Get help dealing with your own painful feelings about the divorce . If you ' re able to adjust , your kids will be more likely to do so , too . Be patient with yourself and with your child . Emotional concerns , loss , and hurt following divorce take time to heal and this often happens in phases . Recognize the signs of stress . Consult your kids ' teachers , doctor , or a child therapist for guidance on how to handle specific problems you ' re concerned about . Changes of any kind are hard — know that you and your kids can and will adjust to this one . Finding your inner strength and getting help to learn new coping skills are hard work , but can make a big difference to helping your family get through this difficult time . Reviewed by : D ' Arcy Lyness , PhD Date reviewed : January 2015 | [
"children",
"Divorce",
"relationships"
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidney-diseases-childhood.html | Kidney Diseases in Childhood en español Enfermedades renales en la niñez The kidneys play a critical role in the body : Acting as the body ' s filtering system , they help control water levels and eliminate wastes through urine ( pee ) . They also help regulate blood pressure , red blood cell production , and the levels of calcium and minerals . But sometimes the kidneys do n ' t develop properly and , as a result , do n ' t function as they should . Often these problems are genetic and not due to anything a parent did or did n ' t do . 1 / 5 Kidneys The kidneys do a lot , but their most important job is to take waste out of the blood and make urine ( pee ) . The urinary tract takes this waste out of the body when a person pees . Click through this slideshow to learn more about the kidneys and urinary tract . Print this slide © 2019 The Nemours Foundation / KidsHealth . All rights reserved . Many of these problems can be diagnosed before a baby is born through routine prenatal testing and treated with medication or surgery while the child is still young . Other problems may appear later , with symptoms such as urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) , growth problems , or high blood pressure ( hypertension ) . In some cases , the problems can be severe and require surgical treatment . How the Kidneys Work The kidneys are like the body ' s garbage collection and disposal system . Through microscopic units called nephrons , the kidneys remove waste products and extra water from the food a person eats , returning chemicals the body needs ( such as sodium , phosphorus , and potassium ) back into the bloodstream . The extra water combines with other waste to become urine , which flows through thin tubes called ureters to the bladder , where it stays until it exits through the urethra ( the tube that carries urine out of the body from the bladder ) when someone goes to the bathroom . The kidneys also produce three important hormones : erythropoietin , which stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells ; renin , which helps regulate blood pressure ; and the active form of vitamin D , which helps control the calcium balance in the body and maintain healthy bones . Kidney failure , which is also called renal failure , is when the kidneys slow down or stop properly filtering wastes from the body , which can cause buildups of waste products and toxic substances in the blood . Kidney failure can be acute ( sudden ) or chronic ( happening over time and usually long lasting or permanent ) . Acute kidney injury ( sometimes called acute kidney failure ) may be due to bacterial infection , injury , shock , heart failure , poisoning , or drug overdose . Treatment includes correcting the problem that led to the kidney injury and , in some cases , Chronic kidney failure involves a deterioration of kidney function over time . In kids and teens , it can result from acute kidney failure that fails to improve , birth defects , chronic kidney diseases , or chronic severe high blood pressure . If diagnosed early , chronic kidney failure can be treated . The goal of treatment usually is to slow the decline of kidney function with medication , blood pressure control , and diet . At some point , a kidney transplant may be needed . Childhood Kidney Diseases The most common kidney diseases in children are present at birth . They include : Posterior urethral valve obstruction : This narrowing or obstruction of the urethra affects only boys . It can be diagnosed before the baby is born or just after and is treated with surgery . Fetal hydronephrosis : This enlargement of one or both of the kidneys is caused by either an obstruction in the developing urinary tract or a condition called vesicoureteral reflux ( VUR ) in which urine abnormally flows backward ( or refluxes ) from the bladder into the ureters . Fetal hydronephrosis is usually diagnosed before the child is born and treatment varies widely . In some cases the condition only requires ongoing monitoring ; in others , surgery must be done to clear the obstruction from the urinary tract . Polycystic kidney disease ( PKD ) : This is a condition in which many fluid - filled cysts develop in both kidneys . The cysts can multiply so much and grow so large that they lead to kidney failure . Most forms of PKD are inherited . Doctors can diagnose it before or after the child is born . In some cases , there are no symptoms ; in others , PKD can lead to UTIs , kidney stones , and high blood pressure . Treatment for PKD varies — some cases can be managed with dietary changes ; others require a kidney transplant or dialysis . Multicystic kidney disease ( MKD ) : This is when large cysts develop in a kidney that has n ' t developed properly , eventually causing it to stop working . ( While PKD always affects both kidneys , MKD usually affects just one kidney . ) Fortunately , the unaffected kidney takes over and most people with MKD will have normal kidney function . MKD usually is diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound before birth . Doctors manage it by monitoring blood pressure and screening for UTIs when needed . Very rarely , surgical removal of the kidney might be necessary . Renal tubular acidosis Wilms tumor Glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome Congenital problems with the urinary tract : As a baby develops in the womb , part of the urinary tract can grow to an abnormal size or in an abnormal shape or position . These problems include : duplication of the ureters , in which a kidney has two ureters instead of one . This can lead to urinary tract infections over time and can be treated with medication or , in some cases , with surgery . horseshoe kidney , where the two kidneys are fused ( connected ) into one arched kidney that usually functions normally , but is more prone to develop problems later in life . An uncomplicated horseshoe kidney does not need medical or surgical treatment , but it does need to be checked regularly by doctors . Other Problems With the Kidneys Sometimes a child can have other health problems that affect how well the kidneys function . These can include : High blood pressure ( hypertension ) Kidney stones Nephritis . This is any inflammation of the kidney . It can be caused by infection , an autoimmune disease ( such as lupus ) , or an unknown reason . The first symptoms of nephritis usually are high levels of protein and blood in the urine . Urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) Symptoms of Kidney Problems The signs and symptoms of urinary tract or kidney problems vary and include : fever swelling around the eyes , face , feet , and ankles ( called edema ) burning or pain during peeing significant increase in the frequency of urination difficulty in controlling urination in kids who are mature enough to use the toilet recurrence of nighttime bedwetting ( in kids who have been dry for several months ) blood in the urine high blood pressure Diagnosis of Kidney Diseases If a kidney disease is suspected , the doctor will take a medical history , do a physical exam , and order urine tests , blood tests , imaging studies , or a biopsy to help make a diagnosis . These studies are usually suggested by a nephrologist , a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases . With urinalysis ( a type of urine test ) , the doctor can quickly detect abnormalities ( such as too many red blood cells ) that may signal inflammation or irritation in the urinary tract . Urinalysis can also detect an of excess white blood cells , which is most commonly associated with bladder and kidney infections . Certain blood tests tell doctors how well the kidneys are filtering waste products and balancing the bloodstream ' s chemical makeup . Two other important diagnostic tools doctors use are blood pressure and growth measurements . Along with the heart , the kidneys are crucial to determining blood pressure . High blood pressure in a child is an important sign that the kidneys need to be evaluated . Accurate growth measurements can provide a clue to diagnosing some kidney diseases because kids with chronic kidney disease often have growth problems . The doctor may use a kidney biopsy to evaluate kidney function . A biopsy is a procedure in which a small piece of the kidney tissue is removed with a needle . Performed while a child is under anesthesia , it ' s a simple procedure that can help make an accurate diagnosis of the kidney problem in about 9 out of 10 cases . It ' s especially helpful in the diagnosis of nephritis and nephrosis In addition to standard X - rays , other imaging studies a doctor may use to help diagnose kidney diseases include : Ultrasound Computerized tomography ( CAT ) scan Renal nuclear scan . A renal nuclear scan involves having special radioactive material injected into a vein . The radiation dose is less than that of a simple X - ray . The scan shows how the kidneys compare with each other in size , shape , and function . It also can detect scarring or other evidence of recurrent or chronic kidney infection . Voiding cystourethrogram ( VCUG ) Reviewed by : Steven Dowshen , MD Date reviewed : February 2014 | [
"Kidney Diseases",
"Childhood",
"symptoms"
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mcl-injuries.html | Medial Collateral Ligament ( MCL ) Injuries About Knee Injuries Knee injuries are common among active kids and teens , especially athletes . A torn medial collateral ligament ( MCL ) — a ligament that helps give the knee its stability — is one of the more serious injuries . Kids who tear their MCL tend to play contact sports , like football and soccer . More severe injuries happen when the outside of the knee is struck , causing it to unnaturally bend inward ( toward the other knee ) . MCL tears can also happen when the lower leg twists or bends out too far . This creates tension on the MCL , a rope - like band , and it stretches or breaks in half . Children with a partially or completely torn MCL might have swelling and pain in the first 24 hours of injury . Fortunately , this injury can heal on its own from 1 to 6 weeks of resting the joint . Most kids and teens will still need to undergo rehabilitation ( " rehab " ) therapy to help regain strength in the joint . What an MCL Does The MCL is one of the four main ligaments in the knee joint . It ' s located on the side of the knee that ' s closer to the other knee . One end of the ligament is attached to the femur , while the other end is attached to the tibia . With the lateral collateral ligament ( LCL ) , which is in the same location on the outside of the knee , the MCL helps prevent the knee joint from bending too far from side - to - side . Signs and Symptoms A child with a partially or completely torn MCL may or may not have symptoms , depending on the severity of the injury . Pain and swelling can be intense initially , and some kids and teens with more severe injuries will have instability when walking , feeling " wobbly " or unable to bear weight on the affected leg . Many kids and teens , especially those who are familiar with the injury or have torn a ligament before , report hearing a " pop " sound — the sound of the shinbone popping out of and back into the knee joint . A child who has injured a knee — whether on the field or at home — should stop all activity , to prevent further injury , and seek immediate medical care . In the meantime , keep the area iced — place the ice in a plastic bag , wrap the bag in a cloth , and hold it to the knee for 20 minutes at a time . Also , keep the knee elevated as much as possible to reduce swelling . As long as walking is n ’ t painful , it ’ s OK to walk with Diagnosis At the doctor ' s office or emergency room , doctors will perform physical exams and imaging tests to determine if there ' s a knee injury and , if so , how severe it is . To help diagnose an MCL injury , doctors do a Valgus test . The child lies down flat , and the affected leg is moved out to the side , and the knee is flexed about 30 degrees . The doctor places one hand on the back of the knee joint and the other on the top side of the ankle . The doctor then rotates the shin bone and pushes the foot outward , to see how far the MCL will extend . Too much flexibility can signal an injury . To properly diagnose MCL injuries , doctors usually perform these tests in combination or in addition to other physical exams . While X - rays might be taken to determine the extent of the injury , they only look at bone and can only confirm the presence of bone fractures in the knee . An MRI , which looks at soft tissue ( like ligaments and muscles ) , can confirm a partial or complete MCL tear , so some doctors will order one to confirm a diagnosis . Types of Injuries Doctors categorize MCL injuries according to the following criteria : Grade I tear . This is a slight tear ( or stretch ) of the MCL . Both ends of the ligament are still attached to the bone , but part of the ligament may sag and be less tight . Recovery usually takes 1 to 2 weeks ; therapy may not be needed . Grade II tear . This is a slightly more severe tear of the MCL , with part of the ligament sagging . Pain and swelling is usually more severe than with a grade I tear . Kids usually need 3 to 4 weeks of rest and sometimes therapy . Grade III tear . With this type of injury , the MCL breaks in half . Kids and teens often ca n ' t bend the knee or put weight on it without pain . They might be unstable while walking , and the knee may sometimes " give out . " Doctors may recommend a temporary knee brace for this injury as well as rehab therapy for 6 weeks or longer . Treatment Treatment of MCL injuries requires initial rest of the joint , along with icing , elevation , and compression bandages to help ease discomfort . It ’ s OK for your child to put weight on the knee as long as it ' s not painful . Depending on the severity of the injury , doctors may recommend crutches , limiting physical activity , and a temporary knee brace . Putting too much pressure on the knee can cause reinjury . Over - the - counter or prescription painkillers and anti - inflammatory medicine can help kids and teens deal Doctors usually recommend rehabilitation therapy to help heal the knee and to : restore range of motion regain strength in the knee , thigh , and shin muscles ( and prevent atrophy , the breakdown of muscle tissue ) reduce pain and swelling improve balance Most kids undergo rehab at a center three times a week , with daily exercises they practice at home . Accelerated rehab programs involve more frequent therapy , but that wo n ' t necessarily speed recovery . While most sports are off limits — especially the activity that caused the injury — kids and teens can do low - impact activities that may be fun and even therapeutic , like swimming , bike riding , or protected running . Talk to your doctor about what activities might benefit your child . Helping Your Child Cope Being told that you ca n ' t do the things you love — like running or playing football , field hockey , or softball — can be a devastating blow to any child . Kids and teens recovering from an MCL injury , especially a severe one , may feel angry , frustrated , and even depressed , especially if they ' re no longer participating in team sports with their friends . But in the meantime , there are ways to still feel like part of the team . Keeping score , being a coach ' s assistant , or bringing water to the games may help . If your son or daughter does n ' t want to do these things , suggest starting a hobby , like playing the guitar , painting , drawing , or another activity that wo n ' t put too much strain on the knee . Low - impact activities , like swimming , are another option . In time , kids and teens can again do the things they love . But if your child continues to feel angry or depressed during recovery , encourage him or her to talk to a school psychologist or counselor , who can help your child cope and look ahead to better days . Reviewed by : Rupal Christine Gupta , MD Date reviewed : October 2015 | [
"MCL injury",
"lateral collateral ligament",
"Grade I tear"
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/newborn-screening-tests.html | Newborn Screening Tests en español Exámenes de evaluación para recién nacidos About Newborn Screening Newborn screening is the practice of testing every newborn for certain harmful or potentially fatal disorders that are n ' t otherwise apparent at birth With a simple blood test , doctors often can tell whether newborns have certain conditions that eventually could cause problems . Although these conditions are rare and most babies are given a clean bill of health , early diagnosis and proper treatment sometimes can make the difference between lifelong impairment and healthy development . Which Tests Are Offered ? Newborn screening varies by state and is subject to change , especially given advancements in technology . However , the disorders listed here are those usually included in newborn screening programs : phenylketonuria ( PKU ) congenital hypothyroidism galactosemia sickle cell disease biotinidase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( CAH ) maple syrup urine disease ( MSUD ) tyrosinemia cystic fibrosis ( CF ) MCAD deficiency severe combined immunodeficiency ( SCID ) toxoplasmosis All newborns will also have a hearing screening Phenylketonuria ( PKU ) Phenylketonuria ( PKU ) is a metabolic disorder . Metabolism is the process in the body that converts the fuel from food into energy needed to do everything from moving to thinking to growing . A metabolic disorder is any disease caused by an abnormal chemical reaction in the body ' s cells . Babies with PKU are missing an enzyme that ' s needed to process phenylalanine . Phenylalanine is an amino acid necessary for normal growth in kids and for normal protein use . Amino acids are the " building blocks " for the proteins that make up our muscles and other important parts of our bodies . If too much phenylalanine builds up , it damages brain tissue and can cause developmental delay . When PKU is detected early , feeding an infant a special formula low in phenylalanine can prevent intellectual disability . A low - phenylalanine diet is needed throughout childhood and adolescence and sometimes into adult life . This diet cuts out all high - protein foods , so people with PKU often need to take a special artificial formula as a nutritional substitute . Congenital Hypothyroidism The thyroid , a gland at the front of the neck , releases special chemicals called hormones that control metabolism and growth . These hormones control how fast the body uses up energy and are also key factors in helping kids grow . Babies with congenital hypothryoidism do n ' t have enough thyroid hormone . The condition can cause slow growth and brain development . If congenital hypothryoidism is detected early , a baby can be treated with oral doses of thyroid hormone . Galactosemia Babies with galactosemia lack the enzyme that converts galactose ( one of two sugars found in lactose ) into glucose , the major source of energy for the body ' s cells . For a baby with galactosemia , milk ( including breast milk ) and other dairy products must be removed from the diet . Otherwise , galactose can build up in the body and damage cells and organs , leading to blindness , severe intellectual disability , growth deficiency , and even death . Many less severe forms of galactosemia may not require any treatment . Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease is a blood disorder that ' s inherited ( meaning it ' s passed down from parents to their children ) . It affects a protein in red blood cells called hemoglobin that helps carry oxygen throughout the body . Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin move easily through the bloodstream because of their rounded shape and flexibility . But s ickle cell disease makes red blood cells form into a curved , sickle shape . These cells also become sticky , stiff , and more fragile . This makes it hard for them to move through the bloodstream . Sickle cell disease can cause pain episodes , damage to vital organs like the lungs and kidneys , and even death . Young children with sickle cell disease are especially prone to certain dangerous bacterial infections , like pneumonia ( inflammation of the lungs ) and meningitis ( inflammation of the brain and spinal cord ) . Newborn screening for sickle cell disease can alert doctors to begin antibiotic treatment before infections happen . Newborn screening also helps doctors monitor symptoms more closely and can detect other disorders affecting hemoglobin . Biotinidase Deficiency Babies with biotinidase deficiency do n ' t have enough biotinidase , an enzyme that recycles biotin ( a B vitamin ) in the body . Biotinidase deficiency may cause seizures , poor muscle control , problems with the immune system , hearing loss , intellectual disability , coma , and even death . If biotinidase deficiency is detected quickly , problems can be prevented by giving the baby extra biotin . Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ( CAH ) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( CAH ) is a group of disorders involving hormones produced by the adrenal gland . CAH can affect both boys and girls . It causes the adrenal glands to make excess androgens ( male steroid hormones ) and , in some cases , not enough of the hormones that regulate the body ' s salt balance . Congenital adrenal hyperplasia can affect the development of the genitals and may cause death due to loss of salt from the kidneys . Lifelong treatment through supplementation of the missing hormones manages the condition . Maple Syrup Urine Disease ( MSUD ) Babies with maple syrup urine disease ( MSUD ) are missing an enzyme needed to process three amino acids needed for the body ' s normal growth . When these amino acids are n ' t processed correctly , they can build up in the body . If not detected and treated early , MSUD can cause intellectual disability , physical disability , and even death . MSUD makes urine ( pee ) smell like maple syrup or sweet , burnt sugar . Babies with MSUD usually have little appetite and are very irritable . A carefully controlled diet that cuts out certain high - protein foods containing the three amino acids can prevent MSUD . Babies with MSUD are often given a formula that supplies the necessary nutrients . Tyrosinemia Babies with tyrosinemia have trouble processing the amino acid tyrosine . If tyrosine builds up in the body , it can cause mild intellectual disability , language skill difficulties , liver problems , and even death from liver failure . Treatment for tyrosinemia requires a special diet and sometimes a liver transplant . Early diagnosis and treatment can offset long - term problems . Cystic Fibrosis ( CF ) Cystic fibrosis ( CF ) is a genetic disorder that mainly affects the lungs and digestive system and makes kids who have it more vulnerable to lung infections . There is no known cure for cystic fibrosis — treatment involves trying to prevent serious lung infections ( sometimes with antibiotics ) and providing adequate nutrition . Early detection may help doctors reduce the problems associated with cystic fibrosis , but the real impact of newborn screening has yet to be determined . MCAD Deficiency MCAD ( medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase ) is an enzyme needed to break down certain fatty acids in the body . Fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat . During digestion , the body breaks down fats into fatty acids , which can then be absorbed into the blood . With MCAD deficiency , the body ca n ' t process these fatty acids . Kids who have MCAD deficiency can have repeated episodes of low blood sugar ( hypoglycemia ) , which can cause seizures and interfere with normal growth and development . Treatment for MCAD deficiency involves making sure kids do n ' t fast ( skip meals ) and that they get extra nutrition ( usually by intravenous [ IV ] nutrients ) when they ' re ill . Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ( SCID ) Severe combined immunodeficiency ( SCID ) is a serious immune system disorder that happens because of a lack of both B - and T - lymphocytes in the body . Made in the bone marrow and the thymus gland , B - and T - lymphocytes are specialized white blood cells that fight infection . When the immune system does n ' t work correctly , it can be difficult or impossible for it to battle viruses , bacteria , and fungi that cause infections . Early diagnosis of SCID can allow treatment to help the immune system work properly . Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infection by a tiny parasite ( Toxoplasma gondii ) that can live inside the cells of humans and animals , especially cats and farm animals . Toxoplasmosis can cause serious problems in a baby , including seizures and severe eye problems ( including blindness ) and brain damage or intellectual disability . Only a few states in the U.S. screen for toxoplasmosis . Hearing Screening Most states require that newborns have their hearing screened before they ' re discharged from the hospital . If your baby is n ' t examined then , be sure that your little one gets screened within the first 3 weeks of life . Kids develop critical speaking and language skills in their first few years . A hearing loss that ' s caught early can be treated to help prevent problems with that development . Should I Request Other Tests ? If you answer " yes " to any of these questions , talk to your doctor and perhaps a genetic counselor about additional tests : Do you have a family history of an inherited disorder ? Have you previously given birth to a child who ' s affected by a disorder ? Did an infant in your family die because of a suspected metabolic disorder ? Do you have another reason to believe that your child may be at risk for a certain condition ? How Screening Is Done In the first 2 or 3 days of life , your baby ' s heel will be pricked to get a small blood sample for testing . Most states have a state or regional laboratory do the analyses , although some use a private lab . It ' s generally recommended that the blood sample be taken after the first 24 hours of life . However , because mothers and newborns are often discharged within a day , some babies may be tested within the first 24 hours . If this happens , experts recommend that a repeat sample be taken no more than 1 to 2 weeks later . Some states routinely do two tests on all infants . Getting the Results Different labs have different procedures for notifying families and doctors of the results . Some may send the results to the hospital where your child was born and not directly to your child ' s doctor , which may mean a delay in getting the results to you . Ask your doctor how you ' ll get the results and when you should expect them . If a test result comes back abnormal , try not to panic . This does not necessarily mean that your child has a disorder . A screening test is not the same as diagnostic test . The initial screening provides only early information that must be followed up with more specific testing . If testing confirms that your child does have a disorder , your doctor may refer you to a specialist for further evaluation and treatment . Keep in mind that dietary restrictions and supplements , along with proper medical supervision , often can prevent most of the serious physical and mental problems that were associated with metabolic disorders in the past . You also may wonder whether the disorder can be passed on to any future children . Talk with your doctor and perhaps a genetic counselor . Also , if you have other children who were n ' t screened for the disorder , consider having testing done . Know Your Options There are no national standards for newborn screening in the United States . Screening requirements vary from state to state and are chosen by each state ' s public health department . However , almost all states now screen for more than 30 disorders . Many states have mandatory newborn screening programs , but parents can refuse the testing for their infant if they choose . Learn about what tests are routinely done in your state and in the hospital where you ' ll deliver ( some hospitals go beyond what ' s required by state law ) . If your state does n ' t offer a particular test , ask your doctor about supplemental screening . Talk to your doctor or contact your state ' s department of health for more information . If you ' re concerned about whether your infant was screened for certain conditions , ask your child ' s doctor for information about which tests were done and whether further tests are recommended . Reviewed by : Patricia G . Wheeler , MD Date reviewed : October 2016 | [
"Newborn Screening Tests",
"fatal disorders",
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nicu-caring.html | When Your Baby ’ s in the NICU en español Su bebé en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales What Is the NICU ? When babies are born early , have health problems , or a difficult birth they go to the hospital ' s NICU . NICU stands for " neonatal intensive care unit . " There , babies get around - the - clock care from a team of experts . Most of these babies go to the NICU ( NIK - yoo ) within 24 hours of birth . How long they stay depends on their health condition . Some babies stay only a few hours or days ; others stay weeks or months . You may hear the NICU called : a special care nursery an intensive care nursery a newborn intensive care nursery Who Can Visit the NICU ? Parents can visit and spend time with their babies who stay in the NICU . Other family members might be able to visit , but only during set hours and only a few at a time . Children visiting the NICU must be well ( not sick ) and should have all their immunizations . Check with the hospital staff about which family members can see your baby . Some units require guests to wear hospital gowns . You may need to wear gloves and a mask . Everyone who comes into the NICU must wash their hands before they enter . ( There will be a sink and antibacterial soap in the room and near the entrance of the NICU . ) This is a crucial part of keeping the NICU as clean as possible so the babies are n ' t exposed to germs You may be tempted to bring toys , decorations , or other items in your baby ' s room , but check with the nurse first . If allowed , these things should be easy to clean ( no stuffed animals ) . Some hospitals let parents tape pictures or other decorations to the outside of a baby ' s incubator . What ' s the Medical Equipment for ? When you first enter the NICU , it ' s normal to feel a little alarmed by all the equipment you see . But it ' s there to help your baby get well . Here ' s a brief look at some equipment you might find : Infant warmers : These are small beds with heaters over them to help babies stay warm while being monitored . Because they are open , they allow easy access to babies . Incubators : These are small beds enclosed by clear , hard plastic . Temperature in the incubator is controlled to keep your baby ' s body temperature where it should be . Doctors , nurses , and other caregivers care for babies through holes in the sides of the incubator . Phototherapy : Some newborns have a problem called jaundice , which makes the skin and whites of the eyes yellow . Phototherapy treats jaundice . During treatment , babies lie on a special light - therapy blanket and have lights attached to their beds or incubators . Most babies only need phototherapy for a few days . Monitors : Monitors let nurses and doctors keep track of your baby ' s vital signs ( things like temperature , heart rate , and breathing ) from any place in the NICU . Monitors include : Chest leads : These small , painless stickers on your baby ' s chest have wires that connect to monitors . They track heart rate and number of breaths . A pulse oximetry ( or pulse ox ) : This machine measures your baby ' s blood oxygen levels . Also painless , the pulse ox is taped to your baby ' s fingers or toes like a small bandage and emits a soft red light . A temperature probe records your baby ' s temperature and shows it on the monitor . This is a coated wire placed on your baby ' s skin with a patch . Blood pressure is monitored through an arterial line or a blood pressure cuff . Feeding tubes : Often , premature babies or babies who are sick ca n ' t breastfeed or take a bottle yet . Others can breastfeed or take a bottle , but still need extra calories to grow . These babies get nutrition ( formula or breast milk ) through a feeding tube . Tubes enter through the mouth or nose and go into a baby ' s stomach . They are taped in place so they do n ' t move around . Nurses change the tubes often to prevent soreness . IVs : An intravenous catheter ( or IV ) is a thin , bendable tube that goes into a vein to give medicines and fluids . Almost all babies in the NICU have an IV . These usually are in the hands or arms , but some babies have them in other places , like the feet , legs , or scalp . IVs allow some medicines to be given in small amounts around - the - clock instead of giving your baby shots every few hours . Treatment with an IV may be called a " drip " or " infusion Lines . Some babies need to get greater amounts of fluids and medicines than an IV can give . They get larger tubes called central lines put into a large vein in the chest , neck , or groin . Surgeons put in central lines . Arterial lines are placed in arteries , not veins . They ' re used to check blood pressure and oxygen levels in the blood ( but some babies may have a blood pressure cuff instead ) . Ventilators : Babies in the NICU sometimes need extra help to breathe . A baby is connected to the ventilator ( or breathing machine ) by an endotracheal tube ( a plastic tube placed into the windpipe through the mouth or nose ) . Babies who ' ve been in the NICU for a long stay — months at a time — may have a tracheostomy ( a plastic tube put into the windpipe ) that ' s connected to the ventilator on the other end . Oxygen hood or nasal cannula : Some babies need extra oxygen but do n ' t need a ventilator . Babies who can breathe on their own might get oxygen from plastic tubes in the nose ( called a nasal cannula ) or from an oxygen hood placed over the head . Can I Hold My Baby ? Depending on your baby ' s health , you might be able to hold your little one even if he or she is on a ventilator or has an IV . If the doctors feel that would be too much , you can still hold your baby ' s hand , stroke his or her head , and talk and sing to him or her . A gentle touch will be the most reassuring . But for some very premature infants , touching is stressful . Doctors may suggest that you limit physical touch , but still spend as much time as possible with your baby . Check with the doctor or nurses to figure out how much and what type of touch is best . If you can , skin - to - skin contact ( or " kangaroo care " ) is a good way to bond with your baby : Place your baby ( who ' s usually dressed in just a diaper and a hat ) on your chest underneath your shirt , so your little one is resting on your skin . Loosely close your shirt over your baby to help keep him or her warm . Skin - to - skin contact can help with breastfeeding and improve healing times so that babies go home sooner . How Can I Help Care for My Baby ? Mothers may be able to breastfeed their babies or offer pumped breast milk or formula in a bottle . If you need help breastfeeding or pumping , ask a nurse or lactation consultant . Because many babies in the NICU ca n ' t yet feed on their own ( either due to early development or health problems ) , they can get breast milk or formula through a feeding tube . Babies in the NICU are on a feeding schedule . Your baby ' s nurse can tell you when your baby should eat and sleep . The more time you spend with your baby , the more you will learn about : what type of interaction your baby likes ( stroking , singing , etc . ) what time of day your baby is the most alert how long your baby can respond to you before getting tired when your baby is stressed and needs to rest Talk in a calm , soothing voice , keep lights dim , and keep noise to a minimum . Although you may want to interact with your baby often , let your baby sleep when he or she needs to . How Can I Feel Less Stressed ? Having a baby in the NICU can be one of the most stressful times in your life . You may be away from your support circle , such as friends , family , and other children . Your life may seem like it ' s been turned upside down as you wait for the day when your baby is ready to go home with you . As hard as it can be , it ' s important to keep things as normal as possible . These tips can help : Pay attention to your own needs and those of the rest of your family , especially any other kids . Doing something for yourself can be as simple as taking a relaxing bath , going for a walk , or reading a favorite book . Make plans for a weekly family activity , and sit down together and talk about how this experience makes you feel . Turn to other parents whose babies are in the NICU for support . They ' ll know better than anyone what you ' re feeling . Join a support group to share your feelings , worries , and triumphs together . The hospital ' s chaplain also can give you support . When you take care of yourself , you ' ll be more rested and better able to take care of and get to know your baby . While a NICU stay can be hard , it ' s also rewarding to watch your little one grow stronger each day . Reviewed by : Mary L . Gavin , MD Date reviewed : January 2019 | [
"NICU",
"babies"
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/reading-babies.html | Reading Books to Babies en español Leerles a los bebés Why Read to My Baby ? You may wonder about the benefits of reading to your baby . An infant wo n ' t understand everything you ' re doing or why . But reading aloud to your baby is a wonderful shared activity you can continue for years to come — and it ' s an important form of stimulation . Reading aloud : teaches a baby about communication introduces concepts such as numbers , letters , colors , and shapes in a fun way builds listening , memory , and vocabulary skills gives babies information about the world around them Believe it or not , by the time babies reach their first birthday they will have learned all the sounds needed to speak their native language . The more stories you read aloud , the more words your child will be exposed to and the better he or she will be able to talk . Hearing words helps to build a rich network of words in a baby ' s brain . Kids whose parents frequently talk / read to them know more words by age 2 than children who have not been read to . And kids who are read to during their early years are more likely to learn to read at the right time . When you read , your child hears you using many different emotions and expressive sounds , which fosters social and emotional development . Reading also invites your baby to look , point , touch , and answer questions — all of which promote social development and thinking skills . And your baby improves language skills by imitating sounds , recognizing pictures , and learning words . But perhaps the most important reason to read aloud is that it makes a connection between the things your baby loves the most — your voice and closeness to you — and books . Spending time reading to your baby shows that reading is a skill worth learning . And , if infants and children are read to often with joy , excitement , and closeness , they begin to associate books with happiness — and budding readers are created . Different Ages , Different Stages Young babies may not know what the pictures in a book mean , but they can focus on them , especially faces , bright colors , and contrasting patterns . When you read or sing lullabies and nursery rhymes , you can entertain and soothe your infant . Between 4 and 6 months , your baby may begin to show more interest in books . He or she will grab and hold books , but will mouth , chew , and drop them as well . Choose sturdy vinyl or cloth books with bright colors and repetitive or rhyming text . Between 6 and 12 months , your child is beginning to understand that pictures represent objects , and most likely will develop preferences for certain pictures , pages , or even entire stories . Your baby will respond while you read , grabbing for the book and making sounds , and by 12 months will turn pages ( with some help from you ) , pat or start to point to objects on a page , and repeat your sounds . When and How to Read Here ' s a great thing about reading aloud : It does n ' t take special skills or equipment , just you , your baby , and some books . Read aloud for a few minutes at a time , but do it often . Do n ' t worry about finishing entire books — focus on pages that you and your baby enjoy . Try to set aside time to read every day — perhaps before naptime and bedtime . In addition to the pleasure that cuddling your baby before bed gives both of you , you ' ll also be making life easier by establishing a routine . This will help to calm your baby and set expectations about when it ' s time to sleep . It ' s also good to read at other points in the day . Choose times when your baby is dry , fed , and alert . Books also come in handy when you ' re stuck waiting , so have some in the diaper bag to fill time sitting at the doctor ' s office or standing in line at the grocery store . Here are some additional reading tips : Cuddling while you read helps your baby feel safe , warm , and connected to you . Read with expression , pitching your voice higher or lower where it ' s appropriate or using different voices for different characters . Do n ' t worry about following the text exactly . Stop once in a while and ask questions or make comments on the pictures or text . ( " Where ' s the kitty ? There he is ! What a cute black kitty . " ) Your child might not be able to respond yet , but this lays the groundwork for doing so later on . Sing nursery rhymes , make funny animal sounds , or bounce your baby on your knee — anything that shows that reading is fun . Babies love — and learn from — repetition , so do n ' t be afraid of reading the same books over and over . When you do so , repeat the same emphasis each time as you would with a familiar song . As your baby gets older , encourage him or her to touch the book or hold sturdier vinyl , cloth , or board books . You do n ' t want to encourage chewing on books , but by putting them in his or her mouth , your baby is learning about them , finding out how books feel and taste — and discovering that they ' re not edible ! What to Read Books for babies should have simple , repetitive text and clear pictures . During the first few months of life , your child just likes to hear your voice , so you can read almost anything , especially books with a sing - song or rhyming text . As your baby gets more interested in looking at things , choose books with simple pictures against solid backgrounds . Once your baby begins to grab , you can read vinyl or cloth books that have faces , bright colors , and shapes . When your baby begins to respond to what ' s inside of books , add board books with pictures of babies or familiar objects like toys . When your child begins to do things like sit up in the bathtub or eat finger foods , find simple stories about daily routines like bedtime or bathtime . When your child starts talking , choose books that invite babies to repeat simple words or phrases . Books with mirrors and different textures ( crinkly , soft , scratchy ) are also great for this age group , as are fold - out books that can be propped up , or books with flaps that open for a surprise . Board books make page turning easier for infants and vinyl or cloth books can go everywhere — even the tub . Babies of any age like photo albums with pictures of people they know and love . And every baby should have a collection of nursery rhymes ! One of the best ways you can ensure that your little one grows up to be a reader is to have books around your house . When your baby is old enough to crawl over to a basket of toys and pick one out , make sure some books are included in the mix . In addition to the books you own , take advantage of those you can borrow from the library . Many libraries have storytime just for babies too . Do n ' t forget to pick up a book for yourself while you ' re there . Reading for pleasure is another way you can be your baby ' s reading role model . Reviewed by : Elana Pearl Ben - Joseph , MD Date reviewed : June 2018 | [
"Babies",
"Books"
] |
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stiff-neck-sheet.html | First Aid : Stiff Neck A stiff neck without other symptoms might be caused by minor muscle strain from sleeping in an odd position or looking down at a phone too long . If your child has a stiff neck along with a fever and a headache , it could be more serious . For instance , meningitis is a rare infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord that can cause a stiff neck , headache , and fever . What to Do If your child has a stiff or sore neck but no fever or other symptoms : put a warm moist cloth on the neck as often as needed for pain give acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain call the doctor if symptoms last more than a few days Get Medical Care if Your Child Has a Stiff Neck and : had a recent injury has been bitten by a tick within the last month has a fever ( or lower - than - normal temperature in babies ) seems very tired or drowsy is very cranky ( or is a baby and ca n ' t be comforted ) has a lasting headache is vomiting has a skin rash has flu - like symptoms is an infant and has a weak suck , high - pitched cry , or a bulging soft spot on the skull Think Prevention ! Get all routine immunizations on time , especially the meningococcal vaccine , which protects against bacterial meningitis . Help kids avoid tick bites : Use insect repellent ( with no more than 10 % to 30 % concentration of DEET ) . Check kids and pets often for ticks . Make sure kids wear long pants and long - sleeved shirts in high - risk outdoor areas . Have children avoid activities and equipment known to be risky for neck injuries . Reviewed by : Kate M . Cronan , MD Date reviewed : February 2019 | [
"Stiff Neck",
"muscle strain",
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http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/terrors.html | Night Terrors en español Terrores nocturnos What Are Night Terrors ? Most parents have comforted their child after the occasional nightmare . But if your child has ever had what ' s known as a night terror ( or sleep terror ) , his or her fear was likely inconsolable , no matter what you tried . A night terror is a sleep disruption that seems similar to a nightmare , but is far more dramatic . Though night terrors can be alarming for parents who witness them , they ' re not usually cause for concern or a sign of a deeper medical issue . What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Night Terrors ? During a night terror , a child might : suddenly sit upright in bed shout out or scream in distress have faster breathing and a quicker heartbeat be sweating thrash around act upset and scared After a few minutes , or sometimes longer , the child simply calms down and returns to sleep . Unlike nightmares , which kids often remember , kids wo n ' t have any memory of a night terror the next day because they were in deep sleep when it happened — and there are no mental images to recall . What Causes Night Terrors ? Night terrors are caused by over - arousal of the central nervous system ( CNS ) during sleep Sleep happens in several stages . We have dreams — including nightmares — during the rapid eye movement ( REM ) stage . Night terrors happen during deep non - REM sleep . A night terror is not technically a dream , but more like a sudden reaction of fear that happens during the transition from one sleep stage to another . Night terrors usually happen about 2 or 3 hours after a child falls asleep , when sleep moves from the deepest stage of non - REM sleep to lighter REM sleep . Usually this transition is a smooth one . But sometimes , a child becomes upset and frightened — and that fear reaction is a night terror . Who Gets Night Terrors ? Night terrors have been noted in kids who are : overtired , ill , or stressed taking a new medicine sleeping in a new environment or away from home not getting enough sleep having too much caffeine Night terrors are relatively rare — they happen in only 3 % – 6 % of kids , while almost every child will have a nightmare occasionally . Night terrors usually happen in kids between 4 and 12 years old , but have been reported in babies as young as 18 months . They seem to be a little more common among boys . Some kids may inherit a tendency for night terrors — about 80 % who have them have a family member who also had them or sleepwalking ( a similar type of sleep disturbance ) . A child might have a single night terror or several before they stop . Most of the time , night terrors simply disappear on their own as the nervous system matures . How Can I Help My Child ? Night terrors can be very upsetting for parents , who might feel helpless when they ca n ' t comfort their child . The best way to handle a night terror is to wait it out patiently and make sure your child does n ' t get hurt if thrashing around . Kids usually will settle down and return to sleep on their own in a few minutes . It ' s best not to try to wake kids during a night terror . This usually does n ' t work , and kids who do wake are likely to be disoriented and confused , and may take longer to settle down and go back to sleep . There ' s no treatment for night terrors , but you can help prevent them . Try to : reduce your child ' s stress create a bedtime routine that ' s simple and relaxing make sure your child gets enough rest help your child from becoming overtired do n ' t let your child stay up too late If your child has a night terror around the same time every night , you can try waking him or her up about 15 – 30 minutes before then to see if that helps prevent it . Understanding night terrors can ease your worry — and help you get a good night ' s sleep yourself . But if night terrors happen repeatedly , talk to your doctor about whether a referral to a sleep specialist is needed . Reviewed by : Elana Pearl Ben - Joseph , MD Date reviewed : June 2017 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/driving-safety.html | The Keys to Defensive Driving As a defensive driver , you can avoid crashes and help lower your risk behind the wheel . If you ' ve been out on the roads , you know that not everyone drives well — but most people think they do . Some drivers speed aggressively . Others wander into another lane because they are n ' t paying attention . Drivers may follow too closely , make sudden turns without signaling , or weave in and out of traffic . Aggressive drivers are known road hazards , causing one third of all traffic crashes . But inattentive or distracted driving is becoming more of a problem as people " multitask " by talking on the phone , texting or checking messages , eating , or even watching TV as they drive . You ca n ' t control the actions of other drivers . But updating your defensive driving skills can help you avoid the dangers caused by other people ' s bad driving . Skills That Put You in Control Before you get behind the wheel of that two - ton frame of glass and steel , here are some tips to help you stay in control : Stay focused . Driving is primarily a thinking task , and you have a lot of things to think about when you ' re behind the wheel : road conditions , your speed and position , observing traffic laws , signs , signals , road markings , following directions , being aware of the cars around you , checking your mirrors — the list goes on . Staying focused on driving — and only driving — is critical to safe driving . Distractions , like talking on the phone or eating , make a driver less able to see potential problems and properly react to them . It ' s not just teen drivers who are at fault : People who have been driving for a while can get overconfident in their driving abilities and let their driving skills get sloppy . All drivers need to remind themselves to stay focused . Stay alert . Being alert ( not sleepy or under the influence ) allows you to react quickly to potential problems — like when the driver in the car ahead slams on the brakes at the last minute . Obviously , alcohol or drugs ( including prescription and over - the - counter drugs ) affect a driver ' s reaction time and judgment . Driving while drowsy has the same effect and is one of the leading causes of crashes . So rest up before your road trip . What ' s your driving style ? Car crashes are the # 1 killer of teens . You ca n ' t control how other people drive , but what about you ? Let our quiz give you some insight into your driving habits . Start Watch out for the other guy . Part of staying in control is being aware of other drivers and roadway users around you ( and what they may suddenly do ) so you ' re less likely to be caught off guard . For example , if a car speeds past you on the highway but there ' s not much space between the car and a slow - moving truck in the same lane , it ' s a pretty sure bet the driver will try to pull into your lane directly in front of you . Anticipating what another driver might do and making the Eight Secrets of Super Driving When you drive defensively , you ' re aware and ready for whatever happens . You are cautious , yet ready to take action and not put your fate in the hands of other drivers . According to the U.S. Department of Transportation , 90 % of all crashes are attributed to driver error . Following these defensive driving tips can help reduce your risk behind the wheel : Think safety first . Avoiding aggressive and inattentive driving tendencies yourself will put you in a stronger position to deal with other people ' s bad driving . Leave plenty of space between you and the car in front . Always lock your doors and wear your seatbelt to protect you from being thrown from the car in a crash . Be aware of your surroundings pay attention . Check your mirrors frequently and scan conditions 20 to 30 seconds ahead of you . Keep your eyes moving . If a vehicle is showing signs of aggressive driving , slow down or pull over to avoid it . If the driver is driving so dangerously that you ' re worried , try to get off the roadway by turning right or taking the next exit if it ' s safe to do so . Also , keep an eye on pedestrians , bicyclists , and pets along the road . Do not depend on other drivers . Be considerate of others but look out for yourself . Do not assume another driver is going to move out of the way or allow you to merge . Assume that drivers will run through red lights or stop signs and be prepared to react . Plan your movements anticipating the worst - case scenario . Follow the 3 - to 4 - second rule . Since the greatest chance of a collision is in front of you , using the 3 - to 4 - second rule will help you establish and maintain a safe following distance and provide adequate time for you to brake to a stop if necessary . But this rule only works in normal traffic under good weather conditions . In bad weather , increase your following distance an additional second for each condition such as rain , fog , nighttime driving , or following a large truck or motorcycle . Keep your speed down . Posted speed limits apply to ideal conditions . It ' s your responsibility to ensure that your speed matches conditions . In addition , higher speeds make controlling your vehicle that much more difficult if things go wrong . To maintain control of your vehicle , you must control your speed . Have an escape route . In all driving situations , the best way to avoid potential dangers is to position your vehicle where you have the best chance of seeing and being seen . Having an alternate path of travel also is essential , so always leave yourself an out — a place to move your vehicle if your immediate path of travel is suddenly blocked . Separate risks . When faced with multiple risks , it ' s best to manage them one at a time . Your goal is to avoid having to deal with too many risks at the same time . Cut out distractions . A distraction is any activity that diverts your attention from the task of driving . Driving deserves your full attention — so stay focused on the driving task . If you ' re interested in taking a defensive driving course to help sharpen your driving knowledge and skills , contact your local AAA or your state ' s Department of Motor Vehicles ( DMV ) . Many states keep a list of approved defensive driving course providers , and lots of these offer online programs . In some states , you may be eligible for insurance premium discounts , " positive " safe driving points , or other benefits . These courses do cost money , but it ' s worth the investment to be a smarter , safer Safe driving ! Reviewed by : Kurt E . Gray , MSM Date reviewed : September 2016 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/feminine-hygiene.html | Feeling Fresh en español La higiene femenina As you ' ve probably noticed , puberty comes with all kinds of changes — including the way your body looks and even the way you might think it smells . These changes are a normal part of becoming a woman , but lots of girls worry about them . Do I Smell — and Can People Tell ? Many girls wonder if they smell " down there " or if people notice they have their periods . Some girls wonder if they should use douches , wipes , or any of the other products that claim to make women feel cleaner and fresher . But do these work ? And does a girl really need them ? The truth is that when everything ' s normal , no one smells any odors from a girl ' s vagina . If a girl has an infection like bacterial vaginosis , she may notice a fishy smell . But even then , it ' s unlikely that people around her will notice it . Girls who notice an unusual smell should see a doctor just in case they have an infection . As far as periods go , if you change your pads or tampons frequently , shower or bathe daily , and wear clean clothes , no one can smell that either . Avoid Douches , Wipes , and Feminine Sprays Douches , feminine sprays , deodorants , or wipes supposedly keep a woman ' s vaginal area smelling fresh and clean . Douching means washing out the vagina , usually with a product you buy in a store . But it ' s not a good idea to douche ( unless a doctor tells you to ) . Douching can cause allergic reactions , irritation , and even infections . Feminine sprays , deodorants , and scented tampons are n ' t a good idea either . As with douching , they can lead to things like allergic reactions and irritation . Your vagina has its own natural cleaning system that flushes out bacteria , so you do n ' t need to add any chemicals to help it . Smells caused by infections need to be treated with prescription medicines . Perfumed sprays do n ' t make infections go away , they just cover up the smell for a short time . If you notice a bad smell or think you may have an infection , see a doctor or go to a health clinic right away . It ' s easy to keep your vagina clean without making it smell like a flower shop . You just need to shower or wash every day with a mild soap and plenty of warm water . Some girls like to take warm baths during their periods to help relieve cramps . What Else Can Help ? Wearing cotton underwear , especially in hot weather , can help a girl feel fresher because cotton and other natural fibers are more breathable . During your period , change your pads or tampons often . It may be a good idea to keep a spare pair of underwear in your backpack to change into in case you happen to soak through your pad or tampon . Reviewed by : Larissa Hirsch , MD Date reviewed : August 2015 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hypoglycemia.html | What Is Hypoglycemia ? Lots of people wonder if they have hypoglycemia ( pronounced : hy - po - gly - SEE - mee - uh ) , but the condition is not at all common in teens . Teens who do have hypoglycemia usually have it as part of another health condition , such as diabetes What Is Hypoglycemia ? Hypoglycemia happens when a person ' s blood sugar levels are abnormally low , and it ' s a potentially serious condition . If you know someone who has diabetes , you may have heard them talk about " insulin shock , " which is the common name for a severe hypoglycemic reaction . The body ' s most important fuel is glucose , a type of sugar . When you digest most foods , sugar is released , and that sugar ends up in your bloodstream as glucose . Your body , particularly your brain and nervous system , needs a certain level of glucose to function — not too much , and not too little . If your blood glucose level is n ' t right , your body will react by showing certain symptoms . People with diabetes may experience hypoglycemia if they do n ' t eat enough or if they take too much insulin — the medicine most commonly used to treat diabetes . What Are the Symptoms ? Some symptoms of hypoglycemia are caused when the body releases extra adrenaline ( epinephrine ) , a hormone that raises blood sugar levels , into the bloodstream to protect against hypoglycemia . High blood levels of adrenaline can make the skin become pale and sweaty , and a person can also have symptoms such as shakiness , anxiety , and heart palpitations ( a fast , pounding heartbeat ) . Other symptoms of hypoglycemia are caused when not enough glucose gets to the brain ; in fact , the brain is the organ that suffers most significantly and most rapidly when there ' s a drop in blood sugar . These symptoms include headache , extreme hunger , blurry or double vision , fatigue , and weakness . At its most severe , insufficient glucose flow to the brain can cause confusion , seizures , and loss of consciousness ( coma ) . Who Gets Hypoglycemia ? Almost all teens who take blood sugar - lowering medicine for diabetes get hypoglycemia from time to time . Insulin moves sugar out of the blood and into the body ' s cells , where it ' s used as a fuel . Someone with diabetes who takes too much insulin or does n ' t eat enough food to balance the effects of insulin may have a drop in blood sugar . Hypoglycemia related to not eating rarely happens in teens and adults unless the starvation is severe , as in anorexia Poisoning or overdoses of some substances , such as alcohol , or certain drugs , like insulin or other diabetes medicines , can cause some otherwise healthy people to develop hypoglycemia . People with certain types of cancer or severe chronic illness also can get hypoglycemia . There are also rare genetic forms of hypoglycemia , but the symptoms are severe and almost always begin in infancy . If hypoglycemia is so rare among people in their teen and adult years , why do a lot of people think they have it ? There are a couple of reasons . For one thing , the symptoms that happen with hypoglycemia overlap with those that people can have for many other reasons — or no reason at all . It ' s normal to feel very tired or weak , or have a headache periodically , especially if someone has had a stressful day or too little sleep . And drinking a lot of coffee , cola , or other caffeine - containing beverages can certainly make a person feel a bit shaky or jittery . Also , it seems that some people ' s bodies react differently to eating high amounts of sugar than others . When these people eat meals that contain lots of sugar and starch , the rise and fall of blood sugar that results can trigger hypoglycemia - like symptoms . This can happen even though the blood sugar does n ' t actually drop to below - normal levels . How Is Hypoglycemia Diagnosed ? A doctor who thinks a person might have hypoglycemia will ask about the patient ' s medical history and diet , in particular about the timing of the symptoms , whether they tend to happen after eating high - sugar meals , and if the symptoms go away quickly with eating sugar . The only way to tell for sure whether someone ' s symptoms are related to hypoglycemia is to test the blood sugar while the person is having the symptoms . If the test shows that the blood sugar is truly low , the doctor may do other tests to diagnose specific diseases that can cause hypoglycemia . How Is Hypoglycemia Treated ? The treatment of hypoglycemia depends upon its cause . If you ' re otherwise healthy and you notice occasional hypoglycemia - like symptoms , try eating a diet that ' s lower in simple sugars and / or try cutting down on your caffeine intake . If this does n ' t make the symptoms go away , be sure to talk with your doctor . Reviewed by : Mauri Carakushansky , MD and Jennifer L . Seekford , ARNP Date reviewed : October 2016 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/know-about-drugs.html | Drugs : What to Know en español Drogas : qué debes saber It ' s not hard to find drugs , and sometimes it may seem like everyone ' s doing them — or wanting you to do them . But as with anything that seems too good to be true , there are downsides ( and dangers ) to taking drugs . How Drugs Work Drugs are chemicals or substances that change the way our bodies work . Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe them . Many have no medical use or benefits . When taken ( usually by swallowing , inhaling , or injecting ) , abused drugs find their way into the bloodstream . From there , they move to the brain and other parts of the body . In the brain , drugs may intensify or dull the senses , change how alert or sleepy people feel , and sometimes decrease physical pain . Because of the way these drugs work on the brain , they affect the ability to make healthy choices and decisions . Even drinking makes people more likely to get involved in dangerous situations , like driving under the influence or having unprotected sex Although substances can feel good at first , they can do a lot of harm to the body and brain . Drinking alcohol , smoking or using tobacco , taking illegal drugs , even sniffing glue all damage the human body . Commonly abused drugs include : alcohol amphetamines bath salts cocaine and crack cough and cold medicines ( DXM ) depressants GHB heroin inhalants ketamine LSD MDMA / Ecstasy marijuana methamphetamine ( " meth " ) mushrooms PCP prescription pain relievers opioids Rohypnol salvia Getting Help If you think you — or a friend — may be addicted to drugs , talk to a parent , your doctor school counselor , or nurse . They can help you get the help you need . Several kinds of treatment are available for drug addiction . The two main types are behavioral ( helping a person change behaviors ) and pharmacological ( treating a person by using medicine ) . Experts in drug treatment teach people how to live without drugs — dealing with cravings , avoiding situations that could lead to drug use , and preventing and handling relapses . It can be hard to overcome drug addiction without professional help and treatment . It takes time and is n ' t something that can be done alone — everyone needs support . Experts who help people with addictions are trained to help , not judge . To find a drug treatment center in your area , search online , check out the SAMHSA Treatment Locator , or ask a doctor or counselor for advice . Reviewed by : Steven Dowshen , MD Date reviewed : May 2018 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/someone-died.html | Death and Grief en español Muerte y duelo What Is Grief ? Grief is the reaction we have in response to a death or loss . Grief can affect our body , mind , emotions , and spirit . People might notice or show grief in several ways : Physical reactions : These might be things like changes in appetite or sleep , an upset stomach , tight chest , crying , tense muscles , trouble relaxing , low energy , restlessness , or trouble concentrating . Frequent thoughts : These may be happy memories of the person who died , worries or regrets , or thoughts of what life will be like without the person . Strong emotions : For example , sadness , anger , guilt , despair , relief , love , or hope . Spiritual reactions : This might mean finding strength in faith , questioning religious beliefs , or discovering spiritual meaning and connections . When people have these reactions and emotions , we say they ' re grieving . The Grieving Process Grief is a reaction to loss , but it ' s also the name we give to the process of coping with the loss of someone who has died . Grief is a healthy process of feeling comforted , coming to terms with a loss , and finding ways to adapt . Getting over grief does n ' t mean forgetting about a person who has died . Healthy grief is about finding ways to remember loved ones and adjust to life without them present . People often experience grief reactions in " waves " that come and go . Often , grief is most intense soon after someone has died . But some people do n ' t feel their grief right away . They may feel numbness , shock , or disbelief . It can take time for the reality to sink in that the person is gone . Grief Rituals Rituals , like memorial services and funerals , allow friends and family to get together to support and comfort the people most affected by the loss . These activities can help people get through the first days after a death and honor the person who died . People might spend time together talking and sharing memories about their loved one . This may continue for days or weeks following the loss as friends and family bring food , send cards , or stop by to visit . Many times , people show their emotions during this time , like crying . But sometimes people can be so shocked or overwhelmed by the death that they do n ' t show any emotion right away — even though the loss is very hard . People might smile and talk with others at a funeral as if nothing happened , but they ' re still sad . Being among other mourners can be a comfort , reminding us that some things will stay the same . When the rituals end , some people might think they should be over their grief . But often the grief process is just beginning . People may go back to their normal activities but find it hard to put their heart into everyday things . Although they may not talk about their loss as much , the grieving process continues . Feeling Better If someone you know has died , it ' s natural to keep having feelings and questions for a while . It ' s also natural to begin to feel a bit better . A lot depends on how a loss affects your life . It ' s OK to feel grief for days , weeks , or even longer . How intensely you feel grief can be related to things like whether the loss was sudden or expected , or how close you felt to the person who died . Every person and situation is different . Feeling better usually happens gradually . At times , it might feel like you ' ll never recover . The grieving process takes time , and grief can be more intense at some times than others . As time goes on , reminders of the person who has died can intensify feelings of grief . At other times , it might feel as if grief is in the background of your normal activities , and not on your mind all the time . As you do things you enjoy and spend time with people you feel good around , you can help yourself feel better . Grief has its own pace . Every situation is different . How much grief you feel or how long it lasts is n ' t a measure of how important the person was to you . Helping Yourself If you ' re grieving , it can help to express your feelings and get support , take care of yourself , and find meaning in the experience . Express Feelings and Find Support Take a moment to notice how you ' ve been feeling and reacting . Try to put it into words . Write about what you ' re feeling and the ways you ' re reacting to grief . Notice how it feels to think about and write about your experience . Think of someone you can share your feelings with , someone who will listen and understand . Find time to talk to that person about what you ' re going through and how the loss is affecting you . Notice how you feel after sharing and talking . We can learn a lot from the people in our lives . Even when you do n ' t feel like talking , it can help just to be with others who also loved the person who died . When family and friends get together , it helps people feel less isolated in the first days and weeks of their grief . Being with others helps you , and your presence — and words — can support them , too . Find Meaning We can learn from loss and difficult experiences . Think about what you ' ve discovered about yourself , about others , or about life as a result of going through this loss . To help get started , you can try writing down answers to these questions : What did the person mean to you ? What did you learn from him or her ? What good has come from this difficult experience ? What have you learned about yourself , other people , or life ? Are there things you appreciate more ? Who are the people who have been there for you ? Were they the people you expected ? What have you learned about them ? In what ways have you grown or matured based on this experience ? Take Care of Yourself The loss of someone close to you can be stressful . Take care of yourself in small but important ways : Sleep . Sleep is healing for both body and mind , but grief can disrupt sleep patterns . Focus on building healthy sleep habits , like going to bed at the same time each night or establishing bedtime routines like doing gentle yoga or breathing exercises . Exercise . Exercise can help your mood . It may be hard to get motivated when you ' re grieving , so modify your usual routine if you need to . Even a gentle walk outdoors can help to reset your perspective on things . Eat right . You may feel like skipping meals or you may not feel hungry . Your body still needs nutritious foods , though . Avoid overeating , loading up on junk foods , or using alcohol to " soothe " your grief . Grief is a normal emotion . It can help to know that you will always remember the person you lost , but you can feel better with time . Reviewed by : D ' Arcy Lyness , PhD | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stretching.html | Stretching A balanced exercise routine includes aerobic activity , strength training , and stretching . Stretching not only feels good , but may help prevent muscle injuries . Warming Up It ' s important to warm up your body before any physical activity . Warming up for about 5 – 10 minutes goes a long way toward preparing the body for exercise . Warming up : increases your heart rate and respiratory rate increases muscle temperature boosts the amount of blood and oxygen delivered to your muscles prepares the body for a workout A warm - up can even be the activity you are about to do but at a slower pace . For example , if you ' re about to go for a run , warm up with walking or a light jog . If you ' re going to go for a swim , do a couple of slow warm - up laps . If you play a sport , focus on the muscles that are used for your particular sport . For instance , if you play baseball , you might warm up your shoulder with light throwing . Dynamic stretching uses many muscle groups in a sport specific manner and can be part of your warm - up . Besides warming up the muscles that will be used in the activity , dynamic stretching allows for full range of motion of the joints . Stretching the Right Way Stretching used to be considered the main activity before a workout . But traditional , or " static , " stretching may lead to decreased muscle strength and performance , especially if your muscles are not warmed up enough . Stretching cold muscles can lead to injury . To get the most out of warming up and stretching , try dynamic stretches before and static stretching after a workout . Stretching properly may reduce muscle injuries and improve athletic performance . It also increases : flexibility joint range and motion blood flow to muscles Here are some tips on how to stretch properly : Stop if it hurts . Stretching should never hurt . If you have reached a point in your stretch where it hurts , pull back to where you still feel a stretch but can hold the stretch comfortably . Hold each stretch for 10 – 30 seconds . Holding a stretch for any less wo n ' t sufficiently lengthen the muscle . Holding a stretch too long may overstretch muscles . Overstretching may cause injury and decrease performance . Stretch the muscles slowly and do n ' t force it . Do n ' t bounce . Bouncing while stretching may injure the muscle you ' re stretching . Remember to breathe . Do n ' t hold your breath when you stretch . Inhale slowly and relax into the stretch as you breathe out . Stretch both sides . You may be more flexible on one side , but try to do equal stretching on both sides . Big differences in flexibility may lead to injury . Stretch regularly . To maintain flexibility , stretch at least 3 days a week . Cooling Down You need to slow down your body after a workout or exercise . Do 5 – 10 minutes of gentle movement and stretching to help your body recover from a workout . Your cool - down routine should include gentle movement and stretching . Cooling down and stretching at the end of a workout helps you to : slow your heart rate and breathing reduce the chance of feeling dizzy or lightheaded relax and feel the benefits of your workout Whether you ' re new to working out or a lifelong athlete , be sure to include a good before - and - after routine for better performance and recovery . Reviewed by : Mary L . Gavin , MD Date reviewed : September 2018 | [
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http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-to-parents.html | Talking to Your Parents - or Other Adults en español Hablar con tus padres - u otros adultos You probably talk to friends way more than you talk to your parents . That ' s natural . Even if you and your parents have a great relationship , you want to find your own path and make your own choices . Still , most of us want a parent ' s help , advice , and support at times . But talking to the adults in your life can seem difficult or intimidating — especially when it comes to certain subjects . Here are some tips to make it easier . Talk About Everyday Stuff — and Do It Every Day The more you do something , the easier it gets . Talking to the adults in your life about everyday stuff builds a bond that can smooth the way for when you need to discuss something more serious . Find something trivial to chat about each day . Talk about how your team did at the track meet . Share something one of your teachers said . Even small talk about what ' s for dinner can keep your relationship strong and comfortable . It ' s never too late to start . If you feel your relationship with your parents is strained , try easing into conversations . Mention that cute thing the dog did . Talk about how well your little sister is doing in math . Chatting with parents every day not only keeps an existing relationship strong , it also can help a frayed relationship get stronger . When parents feel connected to your daily life , they can be there for you if something really important comes up . Raising Difficult Topics Maybe you need to break bad news to a parent , like getting a speeding ticket or failing an exam . Perhaps you ' re feeling scared or stressed about something . Or maybe you just really , really want to tell your parents about your new boyfriend or girlfriend , but you do n ' t know how they ' ll react , how it will feel to tell them , or how to find the words . Here are 3 steps to help you prepare for that talk . Step 1 : Know What You Want From the Conversation It takes maturity to figure out what you want to get out of a conversation . ( Most adults are n ' t so good at this ! ) What you hope to achieve can vary . Most often you ' ll probably want the adults in your life to do one or more of these things : simply listen and understand what you ' re going through without offering advice or commentary give permission or support for something offer you advice or help guide you back on track if you ' re in trouble — in a way that ' s fair and without harsh criticism or put - downs Why think about this before you begin talking ? So you can say why you want to talk in a way that communicates what you need . For example : " Mom , I need to tell you about a problem I ' m having , but I need you to just listen , OK ? Do n ' t give me advice — I just want you to know what ' s bothering me . " " Dad , I need to get your permission to go on a class trip next week . Can I tell you about it ? " " Grandad , I need your advice about something . Can we talk ? " Difficult Topics ( Continued ) Step 2 : Identify Your Feelings Things like personal feelings or sex are awkward to discuss with anyone , let alone a parent . It ' s natural to be nervous when talking about sensitive topics . Recognize how you ' re feeling — for example , maybe you ' re worried that telling parents about a problem will make them disappointed or upset . But instead of letting those feelings stop you from talking , put them into words as part of the conversation . For example : " Mom , I need to talk to you — but I ' m afraid I ' ll disappoint you . " " Dad , I need to talk to you about something — but it ' s kind of embarrassing . " What if you think a parent may be unsupportive , harsh , or critical ? It can help to defuse things by beginning with a statement like , " Mom , I have something to tell you . I ' m not proud of what I ' ve done , and you might be mad . But I know I need to tell you . Can you hear me out ? " Step 3 : Pick a Good Time to Talk Approach your parent when he or she is n ' t busy with something else . Ask , " Can we talk ? Is now a good time ? " Driving in the car or going for a walk can be great opportunities to talk . If it ' s hard to find a good time , say , " I need to talk to you . When is a good time ? " Difficult conversations benefit from good planning . Think ahead about what you want to say or ask . Write down the most important ideas if you need to . How to Talk So Parents Will Listen As most of us know , talking and listening do n ' t go smoothly every time . Emotions and past experiences can get in the way . Will parents take you seriously , believe what you say , listen to and respect your opinions , and hear you out without interrupting ? A lot depends on your parent . Some parents are easy to talk to , some are great listeners , and some are harder to approach . But some of what happens depends on you , too . Since communication is a two - way street , the way you talk can influence how well a parent listens and understands you . So here are some guidelines to consider when talking to parents : Be clear and direct . Be as clear as you can about what you think , feel , and want . Give details that can help parents understand your situation . They can listen better or be more helpful if they understand what you mean and what ' s really going on . Be honest . If you ' re always honest , a parent will be likely to believe what you say . If you sometimes hide the truth or add too much drama , parents will have a harder time believing what you tell them . If you lie , they ' ll find it hard to trust you . Try to understand their point of view . If you have a disagreement , can you see your parents ' side ? If you can , say so . Telling parents you understand their views and feelings helps them be willing to see yours , too . Try not to argue or whine . Using a tone that ' s friendly and respectful makes it more likely parents will listen and take what you say seriously . It also makes it more likely that they ' ll talk to you in the same way . Of course , this is hard for any of us ( adults included ) when we ' re feeling heated about something . If you think your emotions might get the better of you , do something to blow off steam before talking : Go for a run . Cry . Hit your pillow . Do whatever it takes What If Talking to Parents Does n ' t Work ? Your parents wo n ' t always see things your way and they wo n ' t always say yes to what you ask . They might listen respectfully , understand your point of view , and do everything you need except say yes . It can be hard to take no for an answer . But gracefully accepting a no can help you get more yeses in the future . What if it ' s more than just saying no to something , though ? What if you really need your parents to be there for you but they ca n ' t ? Some parents have troubles of their own . Others just ca n ' t be available in the ways their kids need and deserve . Others have a hard time being flexible . If you ca n ' t talk to your parent , seek out other adults you can trust . Find a relative , a teacher , or a counselor who will listen , understand , encourage , believe in you , and care . Then follow all the tips above to get the most from your conversation with that person . Acting respectfully demonstrates maturity . Parents are more likely to think of their children as grown up ( and , as a result , capable of making more important decisions ) when they see them acting maturely . Give these tips a try and you ' ll come across that way — maybe even more mature than your parents ! Reviewed by : D ' Arcy Lyness , PhD Date reviewed : February 2015 | [
"Parents",
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http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talking-about-suicide.html | My Friend Is Talking About Suicide . What Should I Do ? en español Mi amigo está hablando sobre suicidio . ¿ Qué debo hacer ? Warning Signs of Suicide Everyone feels sad , depressed , or angry sometimes — especially when dealing with the pressures of school , friends , and family . But some people may feel sadness or hopelessness that just wo n ' t go away , and even small problems may seem like too much to handle . Depression can affect many areas of a person ' s life and outlook . Someone who has very intense feelings of depression , emotional pain , or irritability may begin to think about suicide . You may have heard that people who talk about suicide wo n ' t actually go through with it . That ' s not true . People who talk about suicide may be likely to try it . Other warning signs that someone may be thinking of suicide include : talking about suicide or death in general talking about " going away " talking about feeling hopeless or feeling guilty pulling away from friends or family and losing the desire to go out having no desire to take part in favorite activities having trouble concentrating or thinking clearly experiencing changes in eating or sleeping habits engaging in self - destructive behavior ( drinking alcohol , taking drugs , or driving too fast , for example ) As a friend , you may also know if the person is going through some tough times . Sometimes , a specific event , stress , or crisis — like a relationship breaking up or a death in the family — can trigger suicidal behavior in someone who is already feeling depressed and showing the warning signs listed above . What You Can Do Ask If you have a friend who is talking about suicide or showing other warning signs , do n ' t wait to see if he or she starts to feel better . Talk about it . Most of the time , people who are considering suicide are willing to discuss it if someone asks them out of concern and care . Some people ( both teens and adults ) are reluctant to ask teens if they have been thinking about suicide or hurting themselves . That ' s because they ' re afraid that , by asking , they may plant the idea of suicide . This is not true . It is always a good thing to ask . Starting the conversation with someone you think may be considering suicide helps in many ways . First , it allows you to get help for the person . Second , just talking about it may help the person to feel less alone , less isolated , and more cared about and understood — the opposite of the feelings that may have led to suicidal thinking to begin with . Third , talking may provide a chance to consider that there may be another solution . Asking someone if he or she is having thoughts about suicide can be difficult . Sometimes it helps to let your friend know why you are asking . For instance , you might say , " I ' ve noticed that you ' ve been talking a lot about wanting to be dead . Have you been having thoughts about trying to kill yourself ? " Listen Listen to your friend without judging and offer reassurance that you ' re there and you care . If you think your friend is in immediate danger , stay close — make sure he or she is n ' t left alone . Tell Even if you ' re sworn to secrecy and you feel like you ' ll be betraying your friend if you tell , you should still get help . Share your concerns with an adult you trust as soon as possible . You can also call the toll - free number for a suicide crisis line ( like 1 - 800 - SUICIDE ) or a local emergency number ( 911 ) . The important thing is to notify a responsible adult . Although it may be tempting to try to help your friend on your own , it ' s always safest to get help . After Suicide Sometimes even if you get help and adults intervene , a friend or classmate may attempt or die by suicide . When this happens , it ' s common to have many different emotions . Some teens say they feel guilty — especially if they felt they could have interpreted their friend ' s actions and words better . Others say they feel angry with the person for doing something so selfish . Still others say they feel nothing at all — they are too filled with grief to process their emotions . When someone attempts suicide , those who know that person may feel afraid or uncomfortable about talking to him or her . Try to overcome these feelings of discomfort — this is a time when someone absolutely needs to feel connected to others . If you are having difficulty dealing with a friend or classmate ' s suicide , it ' s best to talk to an adult you trust . Feeling grief after a friend dies by suicide is normal . But if that sadness begins to interfere with your everyday life , it ' s a sign that you may need to speak with someone about your feelings . Reviewed by : D ' Arcy Lyness , PhD Date reviewed : July 2014 | [
"Suicide",
"Signs"
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http://kidsmusiccorner.co.uk/composers/jazz/duke-ellington/ | Duke Ellington 18991974 Born 29th April 1899 in Washington DC USA Duke Ellingtons grave in New York Died 24th May 1974 in New York New York USA Buried Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx New York New York USA Some famous piecess It Dont Mean a Thing If it Aint Got That Swing See the videos below Mood Indigo Sophisticated Lady In a Sentimental Mood Take the A Train This one was written by Billy Strayhorn Plus many more Some great albums Early Ellington 19271934 Duke Ellington 193536 The Indispensible Vols 56 1940 and Vols 78 1941 Sophisticated Lady 19411946 At Newport 1956 Such Sweet Thunder 19561957 Duke Ellington and John Coltrane 1962 The Far East Suite Special Mix 1966 Plus many more Some interesting facts He was one of the greatest jazz artists ever He wrote and played great jazz for about 50 years He was one of the greatest jazz artists of the swing era 1930searly 1940s Swing jazz uses big bands and has a strong beat It is often very fast as well His real first name was Edward He was a piano player He was a true composer Many jazz artists do not actually write much music themselves Duke Ellington was different He wrote loads of music He didnt just write jazz He also wrote film music popular music religious music and even some music that could be called classical He led an orchestra from 1923 until 1974 This orchestra is still going today and is called the Duke Ellington Orchestra In the later 1950s and 1960s he made recording with many other great jazz artists such as Ella Fitzgerald John Coltrane Count Basie and Louis Armstrong He was very charming and polite He was very loyal to the musicians who worked for him He also wrote his music to make each of his musicians sound as good as they possibly could Over 12000 people went to his funeral His last words were Music is how I live why I live and how I will be remembered Here is a video of Duke Ellington and his orchestra playing several pieces One of the pieces is It Dont Mean a Thing If it Aint Got that Swing This starts at 253 on the video By the way Duke Ellington is the one playing the piano Duke Ellington and his orchestra playing It Dont Mean a Thing If it Aint Got that Swing and other songs Compare this with a video a modern jazz group playing It Dont Mean a Thing If it Aint Got that Swing A modern jazz group playing It Dont Mean a Thing If it Aint Got that Swing Choose another jazz artist Picture credits Duke Ellington This photograph is of Duke Ellington at the Hurricane Club New York in May 1943 It was taken by Gordon Parks and is in the public domain Click here for the source of this image along with the relevant copyright information Duke Ellingtons grave in New York This photograph was taken on 23rd October 2008 by the user Anthony22 on Wikipedia This image is free to use providing one credits the photographer Click here for the source of this image along with the relevant copyright information Video credits Duke Ellington and his orchestra Duke Elington et son orchestre It Dont Mean a Thing It Dont Mean a Thing If It Aint Got That Swing Mike Flahertys Dixieland Direct Jazz Band Mike Flahertys Dixieland Direct Jazz Band live at the Kennedy Center featuring Henning Hoehne Bob Boguslaw Dallas Smith and Mike Flaherty httpwwwdixielanddirectcom There is more information about this one on the videos | [
"Duke Ellington",
"Mood Indigo"
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http://killeenkia.com/ | New Kia PreOwned Sell Us Your Car SEARCH OUR SITE Get PreApproved Specials 2016 Kia Soul 2016 Kia Soul 2016 Kia Soul 2016 Kia Cadenza Service Department 8002979068 Schedule Service Service Parts Specials Vehicle Recall Request About Us 8003068101 Contact Us Hours Directions Customer Reviews MAP DIRECTIONS Dennis Eakin Kia located in Killeen TX near Temple TX | [
"Kia"
] |
http://killerhogs.com/wholehog.html | Killer Hogs On Cattleman ' s Killer Hogs On Food Network Killer Hogs In Men ' s Journal Killer Hogs In Mississippi Magazine Killer Hogs & Sting - Kill CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION How To Cook A Whole Hog 9 Step Process To Cooking A Whole Hog Pictures and Step - by - Step instructions on slow - smoking a Whole Hog Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . This is a video we shot at Memphis In May 2010 of the whole hog we cooked , to give you an idea of what your whole hog can look like as a finished product . Cooking a whole hog is the biggest BBQ challenge that there is . . . It ' s also the most fun . And smoking a whole hog to perfection takes a little know - how . On this website you will find videos , tips and recipes that will show you exactly how to trim a whole hog , inject a whole hog and smoke a whole hog Just look over the different sections on cooking a whole hog - and if you do n ' t find what you are looking for , then you can ask a question on HowToBBQRight Facebook Page . We ' ll get it answered for you . . . We give you the step - by - step guide to cooking a whole hog - competition style . The steps go a little farther than your typical backyard BBQer , but if you take the extra steps you WILL have better hog meat and better presentation . How to Cook a Whole Hog 9 Steps To Cook A Whole Hog How to Trim A Whole Hog 6 Videos Showing How We Trim Our Hog Tips On Cooking A Whole Hog 7 Tips For Cooking a Whole Hog Injecting Your Whole Hog Injection Recipe and Video How To Break Down a Whole Hog Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Step # 1 : Order Your Whole Hog Order your hog from your local butcher . I recommend ordering a hog that weighs between 140 to 165lbs . You will probably need to give your butcher at least one week notice before picking up . If you need help finding a good butcher , click the link . Step # 2 : Trimming Your Whole Hog Trimming the Hog is the most important step . You are going to need : Extra sharp boning knife Electric saw for cutting the legs , head and ribs Small hatchet for splitting the backbone First remove the spare ribs from the baby backs by cutting with electric saw . Then split the top of the spine just below the neck of the hog . This cut should only be about 10 " long . This will allow for the shoulders of the hog to lay flat . Next with your knife remove as much fat from the top of the shoulders , hams and bacon as possible . This will allow your rub and smoke to penetrate into the meat while cooking . My rule of thumb is if I do n ’ t think it will taste good after it ’ s cooked , it should probably be removed . I have recorded 6 short videos that will walk you through the entire trimming a whole hog process - just click the link . ( but just so you know , I shot these videos at a contest . . . ) Finally remove all four feet at the joints and discard . Step # 3 : Coating Your Hog Apply yellow mustard over entire hog being careful not to get any on the outside skin . Apply the Killer Hogs dry rub over all meaty areas again being careful not to get any rub on the outside skin of the hog . You can substitute my dry rub with your own creation or any store bought rub will be sufficient as long as it suites your taste palate . Step # 4 : Injecting Your Hog Inject the shoulders , hams , loin and bacon with a minimum of 2 gallons of injection Killer Hogs Whole Hog Injection 32oz Apple Juice 32oz Water 1 / 2 cup Kosher Salt 1 / 2 cup Brown Sugar 1 / 2 cup Lt . Corn Syrup 1 / 4 cup Red Wine Vinegar 1 / 2 cup Dry Rub 1 TBS Worcestershire 1 TBS soy Step # 5 : Clean your Hog Clean off outer skin of hog using a white cloth and vegetable oil to remove any mustard or dry rub that may have gotten on the skin . Next spray all of the outer skin with vegetable oil using a spray bottle . This will keep the skin from burning during the cooking process . Step # 6 : Start Smoking Get your smoker ready to smoke for 17 to 20 hours . Your pit will need to be at a temp of 220 deg and you will need enough coal and wood to last through the duration of the cook - so plan accordingly I recommend a good quality coal like chef ’ s delight or chef ’ s select and I always use dried hickory and peach chunks with or without the bark . You can also soak the wood in water if you like . Place the hog in your pit that is up to temp . Cook at 220 to 230 deg . for four ( 4 ) hours . During this time be sure to add lots of hickory and peach wood chunks to the fire chamber . Step # 7 : Wrapping Your Hog Next you want to spray the outside skin again with vegetable oil and then finally wrap the entire hog with aluminum foil . This will keep the hog from turning to dark and also trap all the juices inside so it will self baste . Step # 8 : Second Injection Once the shoulders internal temp has reached 170deg ( and has probably been cooking for about 16 hours at this point ) remove the foil and inject shoulders , loin , bacon and hams with injection # 2 . Next continue cooking the hog without foil until shoulders reach 185deg internal temp and the hams 175 . Killer Hogs Whole Hog 2nd Injection 64oz – Apple Juice 1 Cup – Apple Cider Vinegar 2 TBL – Dry Rub Step # 9 : Glaze Your Hog Once the hog reaches desired internal temp its time for glazing . Glaze the hog using the Killer Hogs Whole Hog Glaze ingredients . Cook the hog for another 30 to 45min . to let the glaze set . Mist hog with apple juice to give a nice shine then garnish and serve . Killer Hogs Whole Hog Finishing Glaze 1 / 2 Gal . – Your Favorite BBQ Sauce 2 Cup – Honey 16oz – Peach Jelly 1 Cup – Teriyaki Sauce Check all other information on cooking a whole hog at out my other videos and recipes on www . howtobbqright . com / wholehog How To Cook A Whole Hog When you get your whole hog , you need to cut tendons at the ankle of all four legs . This ensures that the feet do not curl up when you cook your whole hog . Lay the hog on its back and cut the skin away from the hog ' s belly all the way up to the spine . Then cut the skin away from the legs and shoulders . Dislocate both hips ( grab hog ' s ankle , press down firmly toward belly , until hip " pops " ) Wipe hog down very good , both inside and out . Liberally spread your BBQ rub or other sauces all over any surfaces , even between skin and flesh . We coat our whole hog with our special Killer Hogs Rub . You have two options when placing your hog on the grill grate . You can lay the hog on his back , or his stomach . We suggest cutting through the breast bone and laying the hog on his back . This is preferred in competition BBQ . Place 10 lb hot coals directly under shoulder and leg . Place a few more coals under the shoulder area since the legs cook faster than the shoulder area . Check temperatures and add more charcoal every 40 minutes . Place probes ( or meat thermometers ) in thickest portion of both shoulder and leg . Set final cooking temperatures to 160F ( 70C ) for the leg , and 180F ( 82C ) for the shoulder . During the initial 40 minutes , check barbecue temperature . It should peak at about 225F ( 105C ) . Try to keep it within ten degrees of this temperature throughout by adjusting charcoal supply and vents on unit . This takes a bit of trial and error . Keep adding charcoal , checking temperatures , and making sure the water trays do n ' t run dry . Try to manage it so that the ( quicker - cooking ) leg is cooking slower than the shoulder . Ideally it should be about five to 15 degrees cooler than the shoulder . Figure out by how many degrees the temperatures increase per hour . Using this figure , estimate how long it will take to complete cooking . But beware , at around 145F everything seems to grind to a juddering halt , and the temperature does n ' t budge for what seems an age . Again , we recommend allowing an hour or two ' s leaway . visit HowToBBQRight . com for a ton more information , videos and recipes ! Killer Hogs Products | BBQ Class | Sponsors BBQ Videos | HowToBBQRight . com BBQ Blog Contact Us Facebook Twitter Media Kit C opyright © 2004 Killer Hogs . All rights reserved . | [
"Whole Hog",
"recipes",
"slow-smoking"
] |
http://kimanami.com/why-jade-eggs-are-the-best-for-vaginal-strengthening/ | 1 1 Why Use a Jade Egg ? Jade yoni eggs are everywhere now . They ought to be in your vagina ! Or the vagina of someone you love . ? ? You ’ ve come a long way , eggy . Nearly three years ago , I released my first very - viral video on the power of vaginal weight lifting with jade eggs . People the world over learned how a woman can open a pickle jar , save a man ’ s life and , well , “ punish ” her man if he ’ s been naughty . With her vagina . At that time , there were two jade egg vendors on the internet . Now there must be 50 ? 75 ? 100 ? The jade egg was even a surprise guest on Conan O ’ Brien a few months ago . Yes , eggy , you ’ ve come a long way . Although I ’ m glad to see the proliferation of jade eggs everywhere ( maybe they ’ ll be sold in 7 - 11 stores soon ) , I am disappointed with the misinformation that gets perpetuated with them . For example , the idea that a woman can just “ wear ” her egg in her vagina all day , and reap some benefit from that , is false . I suppose it ’ s an easy instruction to give , if you are selling jade eggs , and know nothing about how to use them . Look , if you do n ’ t have to exert any effort to hold the egg in , it ’ s not doing anything to build strength . You might as well tape it to your arm . And overall , the concept of Vaginal Kung Fu — at least the way I teach it — is a vaginal , spiritual and emotional overhaul on all things sex and vagina , goes far beyond a bunch of flexing exercises . Just like any other approach to wellness , to have lasting results , you have to tackle it from all angles . It ’ s like the difference between going on a crash diet for two weeks to lose weight , vs . a healthy lifestyle — diet , exercise and do you eat your emotions ? — change . This comprehensive approach is why I get phenomenal — miraculous even — results . You need to go deep , deep inside to really feel the difference . Vaginally and emotionally . I ’ ve had post - menopausal women regain their natural lubrication in weeks . I ’ ve had women have their first G - Spot , cervical and squirting orgasms within weeks . And I ’ ve had other women attract in bucketloads of cash . Because now their vagina and life force are turned on . Bottom line ? Vagina line ? The more you put into it , ( um , your vagina ) , the more you ’ ll get out . * * * In this week ’ s video , I share with you : • Why exactly jade eggs are the absolute best tool for vaginal fitness • How jade , specifically , heals the vagina and reproductive organs • How the jade egg helps you to manifest your dreams and visions in life • Why the jade egg is a fantastic tool for healing sexual trauma Check out this week ’ s video on all the benefits of the jade egg here : Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . P.S. The Vaginal Kung Fu Salon will run again at the end of January . If you have n ’ t yet , check out the free video series with some vaginal homeplay you can start tonight . SHARE THIS | [
"Jade Egg",
"vagina",
"vaginal weight lifting"
] |
http://kimcartoon.me/Cartoon/Teen-Titans-Go-Season-5 | Teen Titans Go Season 5 Genres Action Comedy Family Date aired 2018 Status Ongoing Views 146271 Superhero roommates Robin Cyborg Starfire Raven and Beast Boy love save the day but what happens when theyre done fighting crime Episodes Episode 17 Episode 1516 Episode 1314 Episode 12 Episode 11 Episode 10 Episode 9 Episode 8 Episode 7 Episode 6 Episode 5 Episode 4 Episode 3 Episode 2 Episode 1 Tags teen titans go teen titans go season 5 | [
"Teen Titans Go"
] |
http://kimesapiary.com/honey-fermentation/ | Honey Fermentation About honey crystallizing Does n ’ t honey keep forever ? Why bother to re - liquefy honey ? About Fermentation and Honey Know the signs of fermentation How To Re - liquefy Crystalized Honey A word of caution : Be careful of what you read and believe from the internet as most of it is opinion and is not proven fact . That is also true about this web site , it is my opinion and my opinion changes as I gather new information . The below discussion about moisture content and fermentation and crystallization is from the US agriculture dept so it can be believed as tested fact . The discussion about evidence of fermentation is my opinion . About honey crystallizing : 92 % of honey is composed of levulose ( also referred to as Fructose ) , dextrose ( also referred to as glucose ) and water . The ratio of levulose , dextrose , water and the remaining other 8 % of various sugars etc . is different for each source of nectar . This is why each honey has a unique flavor , aroma , body and color . Nectar is mostly water , much of which is evaporated by the bees in the curing process of the honey . As the honey cures it becomes a supersaturated sugar solution . This means that the solution contains more sugar than would naturally dissolve into water at that temperature . Even if the honey is not supersaturated at the hive temperature of 95 degrees , it becomes supersaturated when it is cooled to room temperature . This is because sugar is more soluble in warmer water than in cooler water . Dextrose is less soluble than levulose and has a Honey crystallizing is the process of dextrose reverting from a dissolved solution form into a solid crystal form . Some honey , such as mustard honey , has a higher percentage of dextrose and will crystallize very quickly . Some honey , such as sage honey , has a higher percentage of levulose and will crystallize very slowly . Honey does not spontaneously crystallize ; the crystals must grow on a seed surface . This is why commercial packing plants filter honey , removing any small particles from the honey , eliminating many of the seeds upon which the crystals Raw honey has an abundance of seed surfaces as it is loaded with pollen , microscopic dextrose crystals , and bits of wax and propolis . It will crystallize relatively quickly as compared to commercially heated and filtered honey . If crystallized honey is warmed , the dextrose becomes more soluble and will return to solution , that is why heating crystallized honey will return it to its liquid state . You ca n ’ t just heat it to the hive temperature of 95 degrees and expect all of the sugar crystals to return to solution though , because Note : Now that I dry my honey before extraction , it ’ s moisture content is typically between the mid 15s and mid 16s so it does not need to be liquefied to prevent fermentation . It ’ s moisture content is well below 17.1 % . Does n ’ t honey keep forever ? Why bother to re - liquefy honey ? Sadly the answers to this may be no . Contrary to the popular belief that honey keeps forever ; moisture makes it prone to spoilage just like any other food product . Water is the one common , necessary component for all living things on earth . Honey is hygroscopic , that means that it will attract and hold water molecules from the surrounding environment . Honey absorbs moisture from organism within it , if the honey has a low moisture content it will absorb so much water as to result in the organism ’ s death or at least 92 % of honey is composed of dextrose , levulose and water with the remaining 8 % being other sugars and the various components that give each honey its unique flavor . Crystallization will occur in almost all honey over time as the less soluble dextrose leaves solution and forms dextrose crystals . As dextrose leaves the solution , the ratio of water to the remaining sugars in solution increases . If enough dextrose has left the solution the moisture content of the solution may become more favorable to the yeast if the honey was already close to or above Commercial honey packers prevent fermentation through pasteurization , heating the honey to 160 degrees kills the yeast . I believe that the high heat necessary to pasteurize the honey may destroy much of what is good in the honey and that it is better to keep it raw . I have found that warming honey to 115 to 125 degrees for several hours is enough to get most of the dextrose to return to solution , stop fermentation and preserve the good qualities of the honey . Even this degree of warming does degrade the flavor some . It is Some people believe that if the honey is warmed at all it is not raw . This may be technically true but honey in the hives of the California central valley and desert region experience temperatures of 115 degrees while still in the hive . I prefer to eat raw honey just as it is when it comes from the comb . Most of my honey is very high in dextrose from mustard flowers and will crystallize within two to three weeks after bottling . Since it is low moisture honey , 16.5 % of less , it can keep About Fermentation and Honey : The main causes of honey spoilage are fermentation and heat . Fermentation is the production of ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast as it grows and feeds on sugar . The ethyl alcohol may then break down into acetic acid ( vinegar ) and water in the presents of oxygen . The combined flavors of yeast , alcohol and acetic acid make the honey unpalatable . A number of physical changes also occur within the honey changing its physical characteristics as it ferments . The yeasts responsible for fermentation are endemic throughout our environment . They are present in all honey that has not been pasteurized . The risk of fermentation is dependent on the moisture content and yeast spore concentration within the honey and on the temperature at which the honey is stored . According to US agriculture handbook number 335 Beekeeping In The United States “ Honey with less than 17.1 percent water will not ferment in a year , irrespective of the yeast count . Between 17.1 and 18 percent moisture , honey with 1000 yeast spores or less per gram will be safe for a year . When moisture is between 18.1 and 19 percent , not more than 10 yeast spores per gram can be present for safe storage . Above 19 percent water , honey can be expected to ferment even with only one spore per gram of honey , a level so low as to be very rare . ” “ If honey has more than 17 percent moisture and contains a sufficient number of yeast spores , it will ferment . Such honey should be pasteurized , that is , heated sufficiently to kill such organisms . ” Since fermentation is also dependent on temperature it is assumed that the above quotes are for storage at room temperature . Moist honey will not ferment when stored below 50 degrees F or above 80 degrees F . Storing honey at temperatures above 80 degrees F to prevent fermentation is not recommended , the high temperature will damage honey in other ways that are equally objectionable . I recommend that consumers store their honey at room temperature if it will be consumed within 3 months . If your container of honey is too large to be consumed within three months Honey is extremely hygroscopic , that means that it will attract and hold water molecules from the surrounding environment . If it is left unsealed it will absorb moisture from the air and start to ferment at the top surface of the honey . This is not as easily identified as in crystallized honey so make sure you keep you honey jar sealed . US grade A honey has a moisture content of not more than 18.6 % . According to US agriculture handbook number 335 Beekeeping In The United States yeast can not grow unless the moisture content is above 17.1 % and grows poorly between 17 and 18.5 percent , depending on the number of yeast spores present . What this means to the consumer is that Raw ( not pasteurized ) US Grade A honey with a moisture content of greater than 17 % will likely keep for several months at room temperature without any adverse spoilage due to fermentation , longer periods of storage at room temperature may result in spoilage . When stored at temperatures less than 50 degrees Fahrenheit yeast can not grow , so The relative moisture content in stored honey can increase in one of two ways . Either moisture is added to the honey by being absorbed from the environment or some sugar is removed from the honey sugar solution through crystallization . Crystallization is the process of dextrose leaving solution to form solid crystals and causes the relative moisture content of the remaining sugar solution to increase . Raw honey tastes better than , and is much better for you than conventional commercially packaged honey . Unfortunately raw honey is also much more susceptible to fermentation than conventional commercially packaged honey . That is because commercially packaged honey that is not raw , has been pasteurized to kill the yeast , and has been filtered to remove most seed material that aids crystallization . Much of the raw honey available from large - scale suppliers is from desert areas where it is very hot and dry . Honey from these regions can have a very low moisture content . Even after crystallizing the remaining sugar solution moisture content in desert honey may be low enough to prevent fermentation . If you want a long keeping raw honey with less likelihood of fermentation , shop for honey from a desert area . Raw honey from cool , moist , foggy areas like the Monterey Bay area has a higher moisture content than desert source honey . It is particularly susceptible to fermentation when it has crystallized . If you live in the central coast area of Monterey Bay , want all the benefits of raw local honey , with a marvelously delicious taste that you can find no where else , then buy from a local beekeeper . I now dry my honey before extracting by placing the combs in a small room with a dehumidifier and fan circulating the air heated There is absolutely nothing wrong with crystallized honey . Many of us that like raw honey , like it better when it is crystallized . Creamed , spun , and whipped honey , are all names for crystallized honey with crystals so small that it has butter like texture . Do n ’ t stress when your honey crystallizes you might even like it better that way . What you do need to do is learn to know the signs of fermentation and stop it before the honey is spoiled . You can greatly retard the crystallization process by placing honey in the refrigerator of freezer . This makes the honey so thick that it is hard for the dextrose molecules to move to a crystal and leave the solution . Storing the honey below 50 degrees F also has the benefit of preventing fermentation during the period of storage by inactivating the yeast . Unfortunately it also makes the honey so thick that it is very hard to use . I no longer recommend storing my honey in the freezer for long storage as I have stored it for 2 If you have a moist honey you can minimize the chance that fermentation will occur by re - liquefying the honey whenever there are signs of crystallization , this will minimize the moisture content by maximizing the amount of sugar dissolved in the water . Keep in mind that over heating the honey or heating it for long periods of time will degrade the taste and the beneficial aspects of raw honey . To maintain the most benefit of the honey it must be warmed is little as possible for as sort a time as necessary . See How To Re - liquefy Crystallized Honey . I use to recommend keeping my honey liquid to prevent fermentation . That was because my honey tended to be moist in the mid 17 % range . Now that I can dry my honey before extracting I no longer recommend re - liquefying it . The honey tastes much better if it is never heated and is left crystallized . My honey is now typically in the mid 16 % range of moisture . It is a lot of dextrose in it from mustard flowers in my area so usually crystallizes within 1 to 2 weeks of being bottled Know the signs of fermentation : As yeast grows it produces carbon dioxide gas . The carbon dioxide gas forms bubbles that will increase the pressure inside the jar . A bulging cap is an indication of pressure and is a sign of possible fermentation . In liquid honey the bubbles of carbon dioxide effectively increase the volume taken up by the honey and it may overflow the container pushing off the lid . Crystallized honey will often get very spongy from all the carbon dioxide bubbles , but again the pressure inside the jar will increase if the lid is air tight . If you suspect that the honey might be fermenting but are not sure , taste it . If it tastes good and you like it do n ’ t worry about it . Fermented honey is not bad for you like other canned foods that spoil from bacteria growing . The fermentation is caused by yeast growing not bacteria and it will likely be very minor unless the honey is very moist . Most bacteria is actually killed in honey by the high sugar content pulling the water from its body . If the honey tastes good use it . Honey does not have to crystallize to ferment . Liquid honey that is above 17.1 % moisture can and will ferment given enough time . If the moisture content is 18 % to 17.1 % then the honey will likely take a year or more before it ferments to the point it becomes a problem . Below 17.1 % of moisture it will not ferment . If it is over 18.5 % water the fermentation can occur within a few months to the point that the carbon dioxide gas may blow the lid off the jar or break the jar I use to believe that light feathery patterns seen in crystallized honey was a sign of fermentation caused by bubbles of carbon dioxide pushing the remaining liquid away from the crystals of dextrose . I use to counsel people to re - liquefy such honey to decrease the effective moisture content of the liquid . I was wrong . The feathery patterns are not a sign of fermentation . My honey is now quite dry and I see this feathery pattern in almost all of my honey that crystallizes quickly with fine crystals . It does not affect the flavor Some of my speculation is that it is caused by the crystallized honey taking less volume in the organized structure of the sugar crystals as opposed to when the sugar is dissolved in the available water . It has never affected the flavor of the honey and I have looked for yeast with a micro scope without finding any . Also I have never experienced an increase of pressure in the jars which would have occurred if it was carbon dioxide bubbles produced by fermentation . Below is a picture of what I am talking about which I now believe Feathery patterns , I do n ’ t know what causes them but the honey is still good . How To Re - liquefy Crystalized Honey : A comment about honey jars : In my opinion you should not heat any plastic container as some of the plastic chemicals can migrate into the food when it is heated . If the honey jar is not glass I do not recommend that you try to re - liquefy it until it is scoped out and placed into a glass jar first . This is one of the main reasons that all my honey is bottled into glass jars . Glass may not be as convenient as squeeze bottles but the honey can be re - liquefied directly in the jar . The most common way to re - liquefy honey is to remove the lid of the jar and place it in a deep pan of hot water . The hot water will heat the jar which heats the honey . Do n ’ t boil the water , unless you are going to let the honey get to 160 degrees to kill all the yeast to prevent the possibility of future fermentation . Typically you just need to keep the water hot . Stir the honey occasionally to evenly distribute the heat throughout the honey . The cooler the hot The microwave method is an alternative quicker way to re - liquefy the honey . It is not a good method for large jars . It is much less controlled , and the honey will probably get hotter than the hot water method . The advantage is that it heats very quickly and then the jar can be placed in cool water bath to quickly cool it so the overall impact on the honey may be the same or less then the hot water method . Remove the jar lid and place it in the micro wave . Heat it | [
"Honey Fermentation",
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http://kiminitodoke.wikia.com/wiki/Shota_Kazehaya | in : Characters Male Character Kitahoro High School Student Shouta Kazehaya Edit Comments ( 1 ) Share " Deep down , I ' m pretty selfish , controlling , and like things my way . That ' s why I ' m just about out of patience . I know it may be difficult to do . . . but I want to stop beating around the bush . " - Kazehaya asserting his candid personality to Ryu Shouta Kazehaya Character Name Kanji 風早 翔太 Rōmaji Kazehaya Shōta Personal Information Nickname Kazehaya - kun ( Sawako Shōta ( Ryu Pin , Family ) Kazehaya ( Everyone else ) Birthday May 15 Age 15 ( Debut ) Gender Male Blood Type O Sign Taurus Height 175 cm ( 5 ' 9 ) Weight 60 kg ( 132 lbs ) Motto " Believe in and pursue the truth " Professional Status Occupation Student Affiliation Kitahoro High School First Appearance Manga Volume 1 Chapter 0 Anime Episode 1 Prologue Media Voiced by Daisuke Namikawa ( Anime ) Haruma Miura ( Live Action ) Shouta Kazehaya ( 風早 翔太 Kazehaya Shōta ) is a character from the series Kimi ni Todoke Shouta is Sawako Kuronuma ' s friendly and outgoing classmate , and later her boyfriend . Born and brought up in the town of Kitahoro , his family owns a sportswear shop , and his father is a baseball coach . Kazehaya was on his father ' s baseball league team ever since he was a young boy , and played baseball along with his best friend Ryu Sanada in Kitahoro Middle School . He quit baseball in high school due to his strained relationship with his father and mother ' s failing health , though he still attends his homeroom teacher Pin ' s morning baseball practices . In Kitahoro High School , Shouta is very popular for his friendliness , truthfulness , and willingness to put aside all bias against everyone he meets . Even popular among girls , the " Kazehaya is Everyone ' s " alliance was unanimously formed to maintain some level of peace among his admirers . But the moment he meets Sawako , this alliance is set up to be ruined . For not only does she begin to open up socially and form relationships with her classmates , but he also begins to fall in love with her . Contents show Appearance Shota has a tall good - looking figure . He is seen to have brown blackish hair , big brown eyes and is known for having a bright smile , which is something a lot of people like about him . He is considered to be quite good looking . He usually wears different variations of his Kitahoro school uniform , but usually only wears a tie during days with ceremonies . In summer , he just wears a buttoned shirt , in spring and fall he wears a long sleeved buttoned shirt with a blue vest over it , Personality All around , Shouta was known by his classmates as a lively and outgoing person . Always making the extra effort to greet everyone around him with a refreshing smile , no matter what their background was , he quickly stood out in a positive way . Upon meeting him , Sawako stated herself that she felt Shouta was made out of cheerfulness itself . Generally broad - minded , Shouta is straightforward and Despite these good traits , Shota is known for having many bad traits , which he himself notes . He has admitted to Sawako himself that he is a selfish person , although she said she did not mind . When talking with Ryu , he admits that he ' s a selfish person who wants everything his way , and was jealous of those who were near Sawako , and Ryu also notes he has a short - temper . He is shown to be a bit oblivious at times , as at first he thought Sawako ' s admiration was feelings of love until he realized after , leaving him to be embarassed at himself . He also thought Kurumi actually liked Pin , but finds out Kurumi ' s true feelings . He also does not realize Sawako actually loves him , as he thought Sawako just did n ' t hate him , until he starts to think he is an annoyance to Sawako , only hurting her more . He is also shown to be dedicated Relationships Sawako Kuronuma His relationship with Sawako is one of the main forces that drives the series . Shota has always been interested in Sawako since the first day of school after seeing her smile , since he never saw it again . He began to fall in love with Sawako after the Courage Test , and starts to talk to her more . He helps her many times , giving her new opportunities , and is troubled when Sawako begins to avoid him , until he finds out it is because of the rumors . He is not afraid to scold Sawako He has always been cheerful and energetic around Sawako , as he wanted to see her smile again and was interested in her , not realizing it was out of feelings of love . He even admitted he had acted however he wanted around Sawako at first . Shota has thought Sawako as being pretty many times , but really feels she ' s prettier than usual during their date on New Years . He is always someone who affects Sawako greatly , and admits Sawako affects him as well . Shota has gotten jealous over situations involving Sawako many times , as seen when he takes Sawako by the hand away from Ryu , and when he stood up in panic after Kento started getting closer to Sawako . After Sawako does n ' t give him chocolates on Valentine ' s Day , he becomes more Later on , during their first date , Shota finally gets the Christmas present that Sawako wanted to give him , and the chocolates she was too nervous to give . After Shota finds out what had truly happened , he is left happy , and comforts Sawako after she wishes time would pass by quickly so being together was normal , and admitting he thought he was the only one who loved her , and was n ' t being loved back . Shota continues to give compliments to Sawako on how she looks after they get together , Eventually , in a later chapter , they do kiss four times and some of the tension is gone . Ryu Sanada Ryu is a good friend of Shota ' s who he as known since junior high . They were both on the baseball team , which is how they met . Shota and Ryu usually talk to one another , and Ryu is one of Shota ' s closest friends , as he is one of the few guys who knows Shota ' s true personality and feelings . Shota is also there for Ryu , as seen when Chizuru was rejected by Toru , leaving Ryu troubled as well . Shota has confided to Ryu about his feelings about Kazuichi Arai Pin has known Shota since he was a kid , and knows about the many embarrassing things Shota has done , like wetting his bed , much to Shota ' s displeasure . Shota and Pin usually have a relentless teasing relationship at one another , but Shota has admitted Pin has made him think a few times . Pin helps Shota realize that he has to tell feelings or else nothing will happen , and provoked Shota to think more about his feelings for Sawako after telling Shota to ' give up ' . Pin still continues to make Ume ' Kurumi ' Kurumizawa Shota ' s relationship with Kurumi is a bit different from most other girls . When Kurumi had started crying in the classroom , Shota had stopped by to get something , leading Kurumi to hide her tears . When Kurumi started to cry again after thinking Shota was gone , he ran in , asking if something really was wrong . Kurumi begins to cry even more , with Shota comforting her . He continued to be Kurumi ' s friend , even in high school even though they were in different classes . In the end , Shota Notes This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia view authors ) See also hide v d e Kimi ni Todoke Characters Main Characters Sawako " Sadako " Kuronuma Supporting Characters Ayane Yano Yoshida Chizuru Ume " Kurumi " Kurumizawa Kento Miura School Staffs Kazuichi " Pin " Arai Yoshiyuki Arai Kitahoro High School Students Tomomi " Tomo " Endou Eriko " Ekko " Hirano Soichi " Joe " Jonouchi Chigusa Takahashi Andy Others Touta Kazehaya Pedro Martinez Toru Sanada Haruka Katayama Tetsuko Sanada Genji Sanada Chiaki Yoshida Mr . Kuronuma Mrs . Kuronuma Shouichiro Kazehaya Mrs . Kazehaya Categories Male Character Kitahoro High School Student Recent Wiki Activity Chizuru Yoshida Hello5692 • March 14 Kazuichi Arai Hello5692 • March 12 Sawako Kuronuma • March 11 Ayane Yano • March 4 Help us grow Kimi ni Todoke Wiki Get Started | [
"Shouta Kazehaya"
] |
http://kindercare.com/our-centers/toledo/oh/301028 | HollandSylvania KinderCare Brandi Lawrence Center Director 2812 N Holland Sylvania Rd Toledo OH 43615 419 5316450 Contact this center Ages 6 weeks to 12 years Open 600 AM to 600 PM MF Show other centers nearby Elementary Schools Bussed To Sylvania schools Whiteford and Stranahan bus to and from our school We provide transportation to and from Hawkins Elementary in Toledo We also provide afternoon transportation for Winterfield Venture Academy Our center is accredited by NAEYC Chat with us 8885252780 Contact this center If you have questions about tuition and openings tell us about yourself and we will contact you shortly About My Child Birthdate Add Another Child Keep me informed about KinderCare programs Contact Me | [
"Holland",
"Winterfield Venture Academy"
] |
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"KINDLE FIRE HD",
"KINDLE FIRE SIDELOAD"
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http://kine.info.yorku.ca/athletic-therapy-certificate/ | New Athletic Therapy Certificate Program Beginning 2019 Please note the following important change regarding the Athletic Therapy Certificate Program requirements On November 22nd 2018 York University Senate approved the following new admission and program requirements for the Athletic Therapy Certificate Program New Athletic Therapy Certificate Program Admission Requirements Beginning 2019 Athletic Therapy Certificate concurrent only with York University Kinesiology and Health Science Undergraduate Degree York University Kinesiology and Health Science graduates are not eligible to apply to the Athletic Therapy Certificate Admission to the Athletic Therapy Certificate Stream Registered in the BA or BSc Kinesiology and Health Science Honours degree program at York University Submit an application by February 1 to the KINE undergraduate office Submit two reference letters one of which indicates a completion of 40 experiential hours in the clinical andor field setting with a Certified Athletic Therapist CATC or Sport Physiotherapist or a current York ATCP student enrolled in HHKINE 4592 300 Please note referees that are family members friends family friends or fellow students are not acceptable Applicants must have completed or be in the process of completing a minimum of 48 credits by the end of the Winter Term of the same calendar year as their application to the York ATCP and achieved a minimum cumulative grade point average of 500 C Completed the following courses with minimum grade of C in each course KINE 2011 300 Human Physiology I KINE 2031 300 Human Anatomy KINE 2495 300 Sports Injuries OR KINE 2490 300 Athletic Therapy I AND KINE 3600 300 Athletic Therapy II in place of KINE 2495 300 Must have Standard First Aid and CPRC certification or HHPKIN 0750 000 Emergency Care I Eligible applicants will be contacted to complete an interview process Applications Available December 1st 2018 Deadline for Application February 1st 2019 Application Fee Your student account will be charged a 7500 application fee on February 15 2019 Application Package Content All applications references and proof of First Aid and CPR are submitted online available on December 1st 2018 Click HERE to apply Acceptance Letters Sent May Date for Interviews Interviews will be offered to select applicants in March Number of years of commitment to the program 3 years External Certificate Received Concurrently Preparation for the CATA examination Anyone entering the program in the Fall of 2019 or beyond will be following the new Athletic Therapy Certificate Program requirements Required Academic Courses The Kinesiology and Health Science core courses plus the following requirements must be met to receive the Certificate in Athletic Therapy Year 1 Field Care Unit HHKINE 2500 300 Athletic Therapy Field InquiryBased Tutorial HHKINE 2501 300 Athletic Therapy Field Seminar Skills Extremity Care Unit HHKINE 2502 300 Athletic Therapy Extremities InquiryBased Tutorial HHKINE 2503 300 Athletic Therapy Extremities Seminar Skills Year 2 Head Trunk Spine Care Unit HHKINE 3500 300 Athletic Therapy Head Trunk Spine InquiryBased Tutorial HHKINE 3501 300 Athletic Therapy Head Trunk Spine Seminar Skills Upper Lower Quadrant Care Unit HHKINE 3502 300 Athletic Therapy Upper Lower Quadrant InquiryBased Tutorial HHKINE 3503 300 Athletic Therapy Upper Lower Quadrant Seminar Skills Year 3 Integrative Care Unit HHKINE 4592 600 Athletic Therapy Experiential Education HHKINE 4593 300 Athletic Therapy Integrative Seminar Skills Required Practicum Courses The Kinesiology and Health Science core practicum courses plus the following requirements must be met to receive the Certificate in Athletic Therapy Year 1 HHPKIN 0761 000 First Responder for Athletic Therapy I HHPKIN 0762 000 First Responder for Athletic Therapy II Year 2 HHPKIN 0811 000 Practicum for Athletic Therapy I replaces PKIN Team HHPKIN 0812 000 Practicum for Athletic Therapy II replaces PKIN IndividualDual | [
"Athletic Therapy"
] |
http://kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_selma_to_montgomery_march/ | Back to the King Encyclopedia Selma to Montgomery March Event March 21 , 1965 to March 25 , 1965 On 25 March 1965 , Martin Luther King led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to the steps of the capitol in Montgomery , Alabama , after a 5 - day , 54 - mile march from Selma , Alabama , where local African Americans , the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ( SNCC ) , and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) had been campaigning for voting rights . King told the assembled crowd : “ There never was a moment in American history more honorable and more inspiring than the pilgrimage of clergymen and laymen of every race and faith pouring into Selma to face danger at the side of its embattled Negroes ” ( King , Address at the Conclusion of the Selma to Montgomery March , 121 ) . On 2 January 1965 King and SCLC joined SNCC , the Dallas County Voters League , and other local African American activists in a voting rights campaign in Selma where , in spite of repeated registration attempts by local blacks , only two percent were on the voting rolls . SCLC had chosen to focus its efforts in Selma because they anticipated that the notorious brutality of local law enforcement under Sheriff Jim Clark would attract national attention and pressure President Lyndon B . Johnson and Congress to enact new national voting rights legislation . The campaign in Selma and nearby Marion , Alabama , progressed with mass arrests but little violence for the first month . That changed in February , however , when police attacks against nonviolent demonstrators increased . On the night of 18 February , Alabama state troopers joined local police breaking up an evening march in Marion . In the ensuing melee , a state trooper shot Jimmie Lee Jackson , a 26 - year - old church deacon from Marion , as he attempted to protect his mother from the trooper ’ s nightstick . Jackson died eight days later in a Selma hospital . In response to Jackson ’ s death , activists in Selma and Marion set out on 7 March to march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery . While King was in Atlanta , his SCLC colleague Hosea Williams and SNCC leader John Lewis led the march . The marchers made their way through Selma across the Edmund Pettus Bridge , where they faced a blockade of state troopers and local lawmen commanded by Clark and Major John Cloud , who ordered the marchers to disperse . When they did not , Cloud ordered his men to advance . Cheered on by white onlookers , the troopers attacked the crowd with clubs and tear gas . Mounted police chased retreating marchers and continued to beat them . Television coverage of “ Bloody Sunday , ” as the event became known , triggered national outrage . Lewis , who was severely beaten on the head , said : “ I do n ’ t see how President Johnson can send troops to Vietnam — I do n ’ t see how he can send troops to the Congo — I do n ’ t see how he can send troops to Africa and ca n ’ t send troops to Selma ” ( Reed , “ Alabama Police Use Gas ” ) . That evening King began a blitz of telegrams and public statements “ calling on religious leaders from all over the nation to join us on Tuesday in our peaceful , nonviolent march for freedom ” ( King , 7 March 1965 ) . While King and Selma activists made plans to retry the march again two days later , Federal District Court Judge Frank M . Johnson notified movement attorney Fred Gray that he intended to issue a restraining order prohibiting the march until at least 11 March , and President Johnson pressured King to call off the march until a federal court order could provide protection to the marchers . Forced to consider whether to disobey the pending court order , after consulting late into the night and early morning with other civil rights leaders and John Doar , the deputy chief of the Justice Department ’ s Civil Rights Division , King proceeded to the Edmund Pettus Bridge on the afternoon of 9 March . He led more than 2,000 marchers , including hundreds of clergy who had answered King ’ s call on short notice , to the site of Sunday ’ s attack , then stopped and asked them to kneel and pray . After prayers they That evening , several local whites attacked James Reeb , a white Unitarian minister who had come from Massachusetts to join the protest . His death two days later contributed to the rising national concern over the situation in Alabama . Johnson personally telephoned his condolences to Reeb ’ s widow and met with Alabama Governor George Wallace , pressuring him to protect marchers and support universal suffrage . On 15 March Johnson addressed Congress , identifying himself with the demonstrators in Selma in a televised address : “ Their cause must be our cause too . Because it is not just Negroes , but really it is all of us , who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and injustice . And we shall overcome ” ( Johnson , “ Special Message ” ) . The following day Selma demonstrators submitted a detailed march plan to Judge Johnson , who approved the demonstration and enjoined Governor Wallace and local law enforcement from harassing or threatening marchers . The federally sanctioned march left Selma on 21 March . Protected by hundreds of federalized Alabama National Guardsmen and Federal Bureau of Investigation agents , the demonstrators covered between 7 to 17 miles per day . Camping at night in supporters ’ yards , they were entertained by celebrities such as Harry Belafonte and Lena Horne . Limited by Judge Johnson ’ s order to 300 marchers over a stretch of two - lane highway , the number of demonstrators swelled on the last day to 25,000 , accompanied by Assistant Attorneys General John Doar and Ramsey Clark , and former Assistant Attorney General Burke Marshall , among others . During the final rally , held on the steps of the capitol in Montgomery , King proclaimed : “ The end we seek is a society at peace with itself , a society that can live with its conscience . And that will be a day not of the white man , not of the black man . That will be the day of man as man ” ( King , “ Address , ” 130 ) . Afterward a delegation of march leaders attempted to deliver a petition to Governor Wallace , but were rebuffed . That night , while ferrying Selma demonstrators back home from Montgomery , Viola Liuzzo , a housewife from Michigan who had come to Alabama to volunteer , was shot and killed by four members of the Ku Klux Klan . Doar later prosecuted three Klansmen for conspiring to violate her civil rights . On 6 August , in the presence of King and other civil rights leaders , President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . Recalling “ the outrage of Selma , ” Johnson called the right to vote “ the most powerful instrument ever devised by man for breaking down injustice and destroying the terrible walls which imprison men because they are different from other men ” ( Johnson , “ Remarks ” ) . In his annual address to SCLC a few days later , King noted that “ Montgomery led to the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and 1960 ; Birmingham inspired the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ; and Selma produced the voting rights legislation of 1965 ” ( King Footnotes Garrow , Protest at Selma , 1978 . Johnson , “ Remarks in the Capitol Rotunda at the Signing of the Voting Rights Act , ” 6 August 1966 , in Public Papers of the Presidents : Lyndon B . Johnson , 1965 , bk . 2 , 1966 . Johnson , “ Special Remarks to the Congress : The American Promise , ” 15 March 1965 , in Public Papers of the Presidents : Lyndon B . Johnson , 1965 , bk . 1 , 1966 . Johnson , “ Statement by the President on the Situation in Selma , Alabama , ” 9 March 1965 , in , bk . 1 , 1966 . King , Address at the Conclusion of the Selma to Montgomery March in A Call to Conscience , ed . Carson and Shepard , 2001 . King , Annual Report at the Ninth Annual Convention of SCLC , 11 August 1965 , MLKJP - GAMK King , Statement on violence committed by state troopers in Selma , Alabama , 7 March 1965 , MLKJP - GAMK King to Elder G . Hawkins , 8 March 1965 , NCCR - PPPrHi Lewis , Walking with the Wind , 1998 . Roy Reed , “ Alabama Police Use Gas and Clubs to Rout Negroes , ” New York Times , 8 March 1965 . This entry is part of the following collection Civil Disobedience Voter registration | [
"Selma",
"SNCC",
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http://kingfm.com/5-wyoming-themed-jack-olantern-ideas/ | 5 WyomingThemed Jack OLantern Ideas Jerrad Anderson September 29 2017 122323 PM PDT Courtesy Whitney Fiscus October arrives this weekend and that means its pumpkin carving season Traditional jack olanterns are still very cool but the latest trend is to show off your carving skills with unique designs Over the past few Halloweens you likely have noticed a few Wyomingthemed pumpkins around Heres some of our favorite ideas 1 The Steamboat Wyomings most known symbol the Steamboat bucking horse Youll need steady hands and some patience to make a good one but it can be done There are several patterns online 2 Pistol Pete Ive seen a couple Pistol Pete jack olanterns the last few years but its still pretty unique Theres a much easier to use cartoon version of Wyomings mascot if you do a quick Google search Townsquare Media 3 Devils Tower Make a Wyoming skyline with the Tetons or Devils Tower If youre a pro at texturing this could look really cool If youre not it could end up looking like a hole in a pumpkin Tim Pearce Los Gatos Flickr 4 Anything 307 Put your own unique spin on the 307 area code This is simple enough to do plus it still looks cool Maybe add a small 307 with your already existing jack olantern to give it some Wyomingflare Brand 307 5 Wyoming Flag Again easier patterns to trace online but if you can sculpt out the buffalo and a square pattern around it that look like a flag youve got yourself a very cool jack olantern Joy Greenwald Townsquare Media Filed Under Halloween holiday Jack OLantern Designs Jack OLanterns Pumpkins wyoming Categories News Comments Leave A Comment | [
"carving skills"
] |
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http://kingmakercampaign.pbworks.com/w/page/45663573/The%20Old%20Beldame | The Old Beldame Page history last edited by EricCotD 7 years 3 months ago The Old Beldame is an aged spellcaster who lives near the western shore of the Tuskwater Hunters and trappers in the area have long spread rumors that she is an evil witch or a hag but Drogza did not detect any evil coming from her She is however surly standoffish halfdeaf and hates children After some conversation made more difficult by her poor hearing the Old Beldame traded knowledge of Tig Tannersens whereabouts for a promise to assist her in gathering rare mushrooms for her brew Back Comments 0 You dont have permission to comment on this page Printable version | [
"The Old Beldame",
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http://kirbyk.net/hod/image.of.africa.html | Achebe Chinua An Image of Africa Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Massachusetts Review 18 1977 Rpt in Heart of Darkness An Authoritative Text background and Sources Criticism 1961 3rd ed Ed Robert Kimbrough London W W Norton and Co 1988 pp251261 I propose to draw from these rather trivial encounters rather heavy conclusions which at first sight might seem somewhat out of proportion to them But only I hope at first sight The young fellow from Yonkers perhaps partly on account of his age but I believe also for much deeper and more serious reasons is obviously unaware that the life of his own tribesmen in Yonkers New York is full of odd customs and superstitions and like everybody else in his culture imagines that he needs a trip to Africa to encounter those things The other person being fully my own age could not be excused on the grounds of his years Ignorance might be a more likely reason but here again I believe that something more willful than a mere lack of information was at work For did not that erudite British historian and Regius Professor at Oxford Hugh Trevor Roper also pronounce that African history did not exist If there is something in these utterances more than youthful inexperience more than a lack of factual knowledge what is it Quite simply it is the desire one might indeed say the need in Western psychology to set Africa up as a foil to Europe as a place of negations at once remote and vaguely familiar in comparison with which Europes own state of spiritual grace will be manifest This need is not new which should relieve us all of considerable responsibility and perhaps make us even willing to look at this phenomenon dispassionately I have neither the wish nor the competence to embark on the exercise with the tools of the social and biological sciences but more simply in the manner of a novelist responding to one famous book of European fiction Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness which better than any other work that I know displays that Western desire and need which I have just referred to Of course there are whole libraries of books devoted to Heart of Darkness projects the image of Africa as the other world the antithesis of Europe and therefore of civilization a place where mans vaunted intelligence and refinement are finally mocked by triumphant beastiality The book opens on the River Thames tranquil resting peacefully at the decline of day after ages of good service done to the race that peopled its banks But the actual story will take place on the River Congo the very antithesis of the Thames The River Congo is quite decidedly not a River Emeritus It has rendered no service and enjoys no oldage pension We Is Conrad saying then that these two rivers are very different one good the other bad Yes but that is not the real point It is not the differentness that worries Conrad but the lurking hint of kinship of common ancestry For the Thames too has been one of the dark places of the earth It conquered its darkness of course and is now in daylight and at peace But if it were to visit its primordial relative the Congo it would run the terrible risk of hearing grotesque echoes of its own forgotten darkness and falling victim to an These suggestive echoes comprise Conrads famed evocation of the African atmosphere in Heart of Darkness In the final consideration his method amounts to no more than a steady ponderous fakeritualistic repetition of two antithetical sentences one about silence and the other about frenzy We can inspect samples of this on pages 36 and 37 of the present edition a it was the stillness of an implacable force brooding over an inscrutable intention and b The steamer toiled along slowly on the edge of a black and incomprehensible frenzy Of course there is a judicious change of adjective from time to The eagleeyed English critic F R Leavis drew attention long ago to Conrads adjectival insistence upon inexpressible and incomprehensible mystery That insistence must not be dismissed lightly as many Conrad critics have tended to do as a mere stylistic flaw for it raises serious questions of artistic good faith When a writer while pretending to record scenes incidents and their impact is in reality engaged in inducing hypnotic stupor in his readers through a bombardment of emotive words and other forms of trickery much more has to be at stake than stylistic felicity Generally normal readers are well armed to The most interesting and revealing passages in Heart of Darkness are however about people I must crave the indulgence of my reader to quote almost a whole page from about the middle of the stopwhen representatives of Europe in a steamer going down the Congo encounter the denizens of Africa We were wanderers on a prehistoric earth on an earth that wore the aspect of an unknown planet We could have fancied ourselves the first of men taking possession of an accursed inheritance to be subdued at the cost of profound anguish and of excessive toil But suddenly as we struggled round a bend there would be a glimpse of rush walls of peaked grassroofs a burst of yells a whirl of black limbs a mass of hands clapping of feet stamping of bodies swaying of eyes rolling under the droop of heavy and motionless foliage The steamer toiled along The earth seemed unearthly We are accustomed to look upon the shackled form of a conquered monster but there there you could look at a thing monstrous and free It was unearthly and the men were No they were not inhuman Well you know that was the worst of it this suspicion of their not being inhuman It would come slowly to one They howled and leaped and spun and made horrid faces but what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity like yours the thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar Ugly Yes Herein lies the meaning of Heart of Darkness and the fascination it holds over the Western mind What thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity like yours Ugly Having shown us Africa in the mass Conrad then zeros in half a page later on a specific example giving us one of his rare descriptions of an African who is not just limbs or rolling eyes And between whiles I had to look after the savage who was fireman He was an improved specimen he could fire up a vertical boiler He was there below me and upon my word to look at him was as edifying as seeing a dog in a parody of breeches and a feather hat walking on his hind legs A few months of training had done for that really fine chap He squinted at the steamgauge and at the watergauge with an evident effort of intrepidity and he had filed his teeth too the poor devil and the wool of As everybody knows Conrad is a romantic on the side He might not exactly admire savages clapping their hands and stamping their feet but they have at least the merit of being in their place unlike this dog in a parody of breeches For Conrad things being in their place is of the utmost importance Fine fellows cannibals in their place he tells us pointedly Tragedy begins when things leave their accustomed place like Europe leaving its safe stronghold between the policeman and the baker to like a peep into the heart of darkness Before the story likes us into the Congo basin proper we are given this nice little vignette as an example of things in their place Now and then a boat from the shore gave one a momentary contact with reality It was paddled by black fellows You could see from afar the white of their eyeballs glistening They shouted sang their bodies streamed with perspiration they had faces like grotesque masks these chaps but they had bone muscle a wild vitality an intense energy of movement that was as natural and hue as the surf along their coast They wanted no excuse for being there They were a great comfort to look at Towards the end of the story Conrad lavishes a whole page quite unexpectedly on an African woman who has obviously been some kind of mistress to Mr Kurtz and now presides if I may be permitted a little liberty like a formidable mystery over the inexorable imminence of his departure She was savage and superb wildeyed and magnificent She stood looking at us without a stir and like the wilderness itself with an air of brooding over an inscrutable purpose This Amazon is drawn in considerable detail albeit of a predictable nature for two reasons First she is in her place and so can win Conrads special brand of approval and second she fulfills a structural requirement of the story a savage counterpart to the refined European woman who will step forth to end the story She came forward all in black with a pale head floating toward me in the dusk She was in mourning She took both my hands in hers and murmured I had heard you were coming She had a mature capacity for fidelity for belief for suffering The difference in the attitude of the novelist to these two women is conveyed in too many direct and subfile ways to need elaboration But perhaps the most significant difference is the one implied in the authors bestowal of human expression to the one and the withholding of it from the other It is clearly not part of Conrads purpose to confer language on the rudimentary souls of Africa In place of speech they made a violent babble of uncouth sounds They exchanged short grunting phrases even among themselves But most of the time they were too busy with their Catch im he snapped with a bloodshot widening of his eyes and a flash of sharp teeth catch im Give im to us To you eh I asked what would you do with them Eat im he said curtly The other occasion was the famous announcementMistah Kurtz he dead At first sight these instances might be mistaken for unexpected acts of generosity from Conrad In reality they constitute some of his best assaults In the case of the cannibals the incomprehensible grunts that had thus far served them for speech suddenly proved inadequate for Conrads purpose of letting the European glimpse the unspeakable craving in their hearts Weighing the necessity for consistency in the portrayal of the dumb brutes against the sensational advantages of securing their conviction by clear unambiguous evidence issuing out of their own mouth Conrad chose the latter As for the announcement of Mr Kurtzs death It might be contended of course that the attitude to the African in Heart of Darkness is not Conrads but that of his fictional narrator Marlow and that far from endorsing it Conrad might indeed be holding it up to irony and criticism Certainly Conrad appears to go to considerable pains to set up layers of insulation between himself and the moral universe of his history He has for example a narrator behind a narrator The primary narrator is Marlow but his account is given to us through the filter of a second shadowy person But if Conrads intention is Marlow comes through to us not only as a witness of truth but one holding those advanced and humane views appropriate to the English liberal tradition which required all Englishmen of decency to be deeply shocked by atrocities in Bulgaria or the Congo of King Leopold of the Belgians or wherever Thus Marlow is able to toss out such bleedingheart sentiments as these They were dying slowly it was very clear They were not enemies they were not criminals they were nothing earthly now nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation lying confusedly in the greenish gloom Brought from all the recesses of the coast in all the legality of time contracts lost in uncongenial surroundings fed on unfamiliar food they sickened became inefficient and were then allowed to crawl away and rest The kind of liberalism espoused here by MarlowConrad touched all the best minds of the age in England Europe and America It took different forms in the minds of different people but almost always managed to sidestep the ultimate question of equality between white people and black people That extraordinary missionary Albert Schweitzer who sacrificed brilliant careers in music and theology in Europe for a life of service to Africans in much the same area as Conrad writes about epitomizes the ambivalence In a comment which has often been quoted Schweitzer says The African is indeed my brother but my Conrads liberalism would not take him quite as far as Schweitzers though He would not use the word brother however qualified the farthest he would go was kinship When Marlows African helmsman falls down with a spear in his heart he gives his white master one final disquieting look And the intimate profundity of that look he gave me when he received his hurt remains to this day in my memory like a claim of distant kinship affirmed in a supreme moment It is important to note that Conrad careful as ever with his words is concerned not so much about distant kinship as about someone laying a claim on it The black man lays a claim on the white man which is wellnigh intolerable It is the laying of this claim which frightens and at the same time fascinates Conrad the thought of their humanity like yours Ugly The point of my observations should be quite clear by now namely that Joseph Conrad was a thoroughgoing racist That this simple truth is glossed over in criticisms of his work is due to the fact that white racism against Africa is such a normal way of thinking that its manifestations go completely unremarked Students of Heart of Darkness will often tell you that Conrad is concerned not so much with Africa as with the deterioration of one European mind caused by solitude and sickness They will point out to you that Conrad is if anything less charitable to the Which is partly the point Africa as setting and backdrop which eliminates the African as human factor Africa as a metaphysical battlefield devoid of all recognizable humanity into which the wandering European enters at his peril Can nobody see the preposterous and perverse arrogance in thus reducing Africa to the role of props for the breakup of one petty European mind But that is not even the point The real question is the dehumanization of Africa and Africans which this agelong attitude has fostered and continues to foster in the world And the question is whether a novel which celebrates The reaches opened before us and closed behind as if the forest had stepped leisurely across tile water to bar the way for our return Its exploration of the minds of the European characters is often penetrating and full of insight But all that has been more than fully discussed in the last fifty years His obvious racism has however not been addressed And it is high time it was Conrad was born in 1857 the very year in which the first Anglican missionaries were arriving among my own people in Nigeria It was certainly not his fault that he lived his life at a time when the reputation of the black man was at a particularly low level But even after due allowances have been made for all the influences of contemporary prejudice on his sensibility there remains still in Conrads attitude a residue of antipathy to black people which his peculiar psychology alone can explain His own account of his first encounter with a black man is very A certain enormous buck nigger encountered in Haiti fixed my conception of blind furious unreasoning rage as manifested in the human animal to the end of my days Of the nigger I used to dream for years afterwards Certainly Conrad had a problem with niggers His inordinate love of that word itself should be of interest to psychoanalysts Sometimes his fixation on blackness is equally interesting as when he gives us this brief description A black figure stood up strode on long black legs waving long black arms as though we might expect a black figure striding along on black legs to wave white arms But so unrelenting is Conrads obsession As a matter of interest Conrad gives us in A Personal Record what amounts to a companion piece to the buck nigger of Haiti At the age of sixteen Conrad encountered his first Englishman in Europe He calls him my unforgettable Englishman and describes him in the following manner his calves exposed to the public gaze dazzled the beholder by the splendor of their marblelike condition and their rich tone of young ivory The light of a headlong exalted satisfaction with the world of men illumined his face and triumphant eyes In passing he cast a glance of kindly curiosity and a friendly gleam of big sound shiny teeth his white calves twinkled sturdily Irrational love and irrational hate jostling together in the heart of that talented tormented man But whereas irrational love may at worst engender foolish acts of indiscretion irrational hate can endanger the life of the community Naturally Conrad is a dream for psychoanalytic critics Perhaps the most detailed study of him in this direction is by Bernard C Meyer MD In his lengthy book Dr Meyer follows every conceivable lead and sometimes inconceivable ones to explain Conrad As an example he gives us long disquisitions on the significance of hair and haircutting in Conrad And yet not even one word Whatever Conrads problems were you might say he is now safely dead Quite true Unfortunately his heart of darkness plagues us still Which is why an offensive and deplorable book can be described by a serious scholar as among the half dozen greatest short novels in the English language And why it is today the most commonly prescribed novel in twentiethcentury literature courses in English Departments of American universities There are two probable grounds on which what I have aid so far may be contested The first is that it is no concern of fiction to please people about whom it is written I will go along with that But I am not talking about pleasing people I am talking about a book which parades in the most vulgar fashion prejudices and insults from which a section of mankind has suffered untold agonies and atrocities in the past and continues to do so in many ways and many places today I am talking about a story in which the Secondly I may be challenged on the grounds of actuality Conrad after all did sail down the Congo in 1890 when my own father was still a babe in arms How could I stand up more than fifty years after his death and purport to contradict him My answer is that as a sensible man I will not accept just any travelers tales solely on the grounds that I have not made the journey myself I will not trust the evidence even off mans very eyes when I suspect them to be as jaundiced as Conrads And we also happen But more important by far is the abundant testimony about Conrads savages which we could gather if we were so inclined from other sources and which might lead us to think that these people must have had other occupations besides merging into the evil forest or materializing out of it simply to plague Marlow and his dispirited band For as it happened soon after Conrad had written his book an event of far greater consequence was taking place in the art world of Europe This is how Frank Willett a British art historian describes it Gaugin had gone to Tahiti the most extravagant individual act of turning to a nonEuropean culture in the decades immediately before and after 1900 when European artists were avid for new artistic experiences but it was only about 19045 that African art began to make its distinctive impact One piece is still identifiable it is a mask that had been given to Maurice Vlaminck in 1905 He records that Derain was speechless and stunned when he saw it bought it from Vlaminck and in turn showed it to Picasso and Matisse who were also greatly affected by it Ambroise Vollard The mask in question was made by other savages living just north of Conrads River Congo They have a name too the Fang people and are without a doubt among the worlds greatest masters of the sculptured form The event Frank Willett is referring to marks the beginning of cubism and the infusion of new life into European art which had run completely out of strength The point of all this is to suggest that Conrads picture of the people of the Congo seems grossly inadequate even at the height of their subjection to the ravages of King Leopolds lnternational Association for the Civilization of Central Africa Travelers with closed minds can tell us little except about themselves But even those not blinkered like Conrad with xenophobia can be astonishing blind Let me digress a little here One of the greatest and most intrepid travelers of all time Marco Polo journeyed to the Far East from the Mediterranean in the thirteenth century and spent twenty years in the court of Kublai Khan in China On his return to Venice he set down in his book entitled Description of the World his impressions of the peoples and places and customs he had seen But there were at least As I said earlier Conrad did not originate the image of Africa which we find in his book It was and is the dominant image of Africa in the Western imagination and Conrad merely brought the peculiar gifts of his own mind to bear on it For reasons which can certainly use close psychological inquiry the West seems to suffer deep anxieties about the precariousness of its civilization and to have a need for constant reassurance by comparison with Africa If Europe advancing in civilization could cast a backward glance periodically at Africa trapped in primordial barbarity it could say In my original conception of this essay I had thought to conclude it nicely on an appropriately positive note in which I would suggest from my privileged position in African and Western cultures some advantages the West might derive from Africa once it rid its mind of old prejudices and began to look at Africa not through a haze of distortions and cheap mystifications but quite simply as a continent of people not angels but not rudimentary souls either just people often highly gifted people and often strikingly successful in their enterprise with life and society But as I thought The Christian Science Monitor a paper more enlightened than most once carried an interesting article written by its Education Editor on the serious psychological and learning problems faced by little children who speak one language at home and then go to school where something else is spoken It was a wideranging article taking in Spanishspeaking children in America the children of migrant Italian workers in Germany the quadrilingual phenomenon in Malaysia and so on And all this while the article speaks unequivocally about language But then out of the blue sky comes this In London there is an enormous immigration of children who speak Indian or Nigerian dialects or some other native language I believe that the introduction of dialects which is technically erroneous in the context is almost a reflex action caused by an instinctive desire of the writer to downgrade the discussion to the level of Africa and India And this is quite comparable to Conrads withholding of language from his rudimentary souls Language is too grand for these chaps lets give them dialects In all this business a lot of violence is inevitably done not only to the image of despised peoples but even to words the very tools of possible redress Look at the phrase native language in the Science Monitor excerpt Surely the only native language possible in London is Cockney English But our writer means something else something appropriate to the sounds Indians and Africans make | [
"Heart of Darkness",
"Robert Kimbrough"
] |
http://kirste.userpage.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/general/units_en.html | Studies Research Groups Talks Safety Emergency Chemistry EDP Library Miscellaneous Navigationspfad Startseite Conversion of Units Conversion of Temperatures Currency Converter Xenon Laboratories Inc Instructions Caution The following hints have not yet been adapted to the current version of the program From You may write a numerical value and a permissible unit into the freeform field Alternatively the unit may be selected from the selector box The numerical value may be omitted default is 1 To You may select the wanted unit from the selector box Alternatively a permissible wanted unit US name may be written into the freeform field usually no numerical value Numerical value unsigned integer or decimal number A power of ten may be appended by suffixing or and the exponent denotes a fraction The numbers pi and mole are predefined Examples 4711 271828182845 36 3 millions 13 1 thousandth 13 1 third Unit You may choose the international symbol or the US name case is observed Note h denotes the Planck constant hr is equivalent to hour g is equivalent to gram whereas grav or force denotes the gravitational acceleration mol denotes the SI unit whereas mole or Mol is numerically equal to Avogadros number NA Basic units are separated by or spaces division is indicated by powers by suffixed positive integers Example m2 square meters m2kgs2 joule SI unit J Erroneous symbols in the output in the conformability output negative exponents are incorrectly displayed the meanings are as follows to the 1 to the 2 to the 3 to the 4 to the 5 Currency Conversion You should follow the link given above Our table is only valid for euro currencies Symbol USName A amp ampere C coul coulomb dyn dyne erg erg F farad G gauss g gm gram H henry Hz hz hertz J joule K degC kelvin kg kg kilogram l liter m m meter MHz mhz megahertz ml ml milliliter mol Mx maxwell N nt newton Oe oe oersted P poise Pa pascal s s sec second St stoke T tesla V volt W watt Wb weber Ohm Omega ohm Constants a0 Bohr radius bohrradius alpha reciprocal fine structure constant amu atomic mass unit au astronomical unit c speed of light in vacuum e elementary charge epsilon permittivity of vacuum permittivity faraday Faraday constant force acceleration of gravity gammae electron gyromagnetic ratio gammap proton gyromagnetic ratio in water ge electron Lande factor g value gH proton Lande factor grav acceleration of gravity same as force Grav gravitational constant gravity h Planck constant planckconstant hartree atomic energy unit hbar h2 pi hquer k Boltzmann constant boltzmannconstant lambdac Compton wavelength comptonwavelength me electron rest mass electronmass mn neutron rest mass neutronmass mp The script makes use of the Unix program units For further details see the man page of units To the top of this form C ONVERSION OF T EMPERATURES Conversion formulas for temperatures Index General Chemistry News 2 Mar 2017 Paper highlights archive | [
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http://kitabdostpk.blogspot.com/2018/08/sheharzaad-by-saima-akram-chaudhary_29.html | Kitab Dost Home URDU DIGESTS LIST URDU NOVELS LIST Aanchal Digest Hina Digest Historical Horror Novels Imran Series Islamic Books jasoosi Novels Khawateen Digest Kiran Digest Pakeeza Digest Poetry Books Rida Digest Shuaa Digest Wednesday 29 August 2018 Sheharzaad by Saima Akram Chaudhary Episode 18 Online Reading Sheharzaad by Saima Akram Chaudhary is a social romantic Urdu novel It was published in Shuaa Digest September 2018 Over the past few years Saima Akram Chaudhary has emerged as a very prolific writerShe chooses a variety of topics to write about She mainly writes fict ion and has written marvelous urdu novels such as Gumshuda jannat Pehli barishaik rasam mohabbat haiIbne Adam and demak zada mohabbatFree Download or read online urdu book Novel Sheharzaad by Saima Akram Chaudhary Episode 18 from hereClick on the link below to download pdf Download Link Sheharzaad by Saima Akram Chaudhary 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8 Tere loat anay tak 11 Teri Zulf Ke Sar Honay Tak 13 Zara Muskura Mere Gumshuda 14 Zayan 6 Zindagi Phool Mohabbat Khushboo 13 Famous Series From Urdu Digests Azmeer Butt Series Hamara Cash Hai Tark e Rasoom Hisar e mohabbat by Faiza Iftikhar Hum se hai zamana Jab Hum Milay Series by Saira Raza Social Romantic Novels A R Khatoon 1 Aabi Naz 1 Aasia Maqsood 6 Aasia Mazhar Chaudhary 10 Aasia Mirza 57 Aasia Razzaqi 81 Aasia Saleem Qureshi 6 Abeera Gul 2 Abida Ahmed 4 Abida Narjis 6 Abida Sabeen 15 Abida Shabbir 2 Afshan Afridi 41 Afshan Ali 8 Afshan Farooqi 5 Afshan Haider 1 Aimal Raza 23 Aiman Ali 1 Ainneie Khawaja 1 Ainnie Malik 1 Aleeza Ahmed 1 Aliya Ahmed 2 Aliya Bukhari 37 Aliya Ghouri 2 Aliya Hira 73 Aliya Zubair 1 Altaf Fatima 3 Amaya Khan 2 Ambar Afgan Shumail 4 Amber Pervaiz 1 Ambreen Amber 1 Ambreen Walli 10 Ammara Hamid 1 Ammara Khan 3 Amna Hussain 2 Amna Iqbal 10 Amna Mufti 2 Amna Rasheed Sindhu 1 Amna Riaz 46 Amtul Aziz 10 Amtul Hayyi 1 Anam Khan 13 Aneeqa Baig 2 Aneesa Saleem 10 Aneeta Hazarvi 2 Aneeza Syed 42 Anila Kiran 22 Anjum Ansar 22 Anjum Nawab 8 Anjum Sabghat Ullah 2 Anum Nazir 2 Aqeela Haq 3 Aqeela Hashmi 2 Areesha Ghazal 12 Arifa Rubab 1 Aroosa Alam 10 Aroosa Waheed 1 Arshia Masood 2 Asalat Mazhar 2 Ashfaq Ahmed 7 Ashifa Ahmed 1 Ashmeera Saba 2 Ashraf Jahan Abbasi 1 Asifa Ambreen Qazi 3 Asifa Awan 1 Asma Agha 1 Asma Ansari 2 Asma Aziz 5 Asma Hafeez 1 Asma Khalid 2 Asma Qadri 37 Asma Saleem 2 Asma shahid 1 Asma Taqi 2 Aswera Ali 2 Atiqa Ayub 5 Atiqa Malik 8 Atiqa Naseem 1 Atiya Inam ul Haq 1 Atiya Javed Malik 1 Atiya Umar 20 Ayesha Abbas 1 Ayesha Ali 1 Ayesha Ansari 2 Ayesha Farooq 1 Ayesha Fayyaz 3 Ayesha Fiaz 2 Ayesha Ghazal 1 Ayesha Ilyas 9 Ayesha Khan 11 Ayesha Liaqat 1 Ayesha Mari 2 Ayesha Murtaza 1 Ayesha Mustafa 1 Ayesha Naseer Ahmed 13 Ayesha Naz Ali 7 Ayesha Noor 6 Ayesha Sehar Murtaza 13 Ayesha Siddiqa 3 Ayesha Zulfiqar 14 Azmat Azmi 1 Azmeer Butt Series 16 Azra Baig 1 Azra Firdous 2 Badi Ujamal 5 Balqees Kanwal 2 Bano Qudsia 6 Bashir Badar 1 Beena Aliya Twana 6 Bilqees Jahan 2 Bilqees Zafar 1 Bin Mangi Dua 1 Bint e Hawa 5 Bint e Sehar 9 Bisma Ahmed 1 Bisma Naz 1 Bisma Qureshi 1 Biya Ali 2 Bushra Ahmed 19 Bushra Fayyaz 1 Bushra Gondal 21 Bushra Haneef 1 Bushra Maha 10 Bushra Masroor 3 Bushra Rehman 15 Bushra Saeed 7 Bushra Sayal 25 Bushra Tanveer 3 Danyah Afreen 13 Dar Digest 7 Dar e dil 2 Deeba Shafique Sheikh 1 Dilshad Naseem 6 Diya Sherazi 2 Dua Zahra 1 Dur e Behar 1 Dur e Saman 26 Eqaan Ali 4 Faiza Cheema 4 Faiza Iftikhar 66 Faiza Iftikhar Chanda 1 Fakhira Batool 4 Fakhira Gul 32 Fakhira Jabeen 34 Falak Irum Naz 1 Falak Irum Zakir 4 Farah Aslam Qureshi 2 Farah Bukhari 23 Farah Deeba 1 Farah Gul 5 Farah Hussain 1 Farah Ijaz 1 Farah Tahir 18 Fareeda Fareed 11 Fareeda Kanwal 3 Fareeha Kausar 1 Fareeha Mustafa 2 Fareeha Sheikh 3 Fareena Javed 2 Farhana Hanif 6 Farhana Naz Malik 29 Farhat Ahmed 1 Farhat Atique 1 Farhat Chaudhary 5 Farhat Imran 5 Farhat Ishtiaq 38 Farhat Jabeen 2 Farhat Parveen 1 Farhat Shaukat 13 Farhat Zafar 4 Farheen Azfar 25 Faria Khan 1 Farida Ashfaq 9 Farida Narejo 1 Fariha Irshad 4 Fariha Kausar 1 Farkhanda Jabeen 7 Farwa Malik 1 Farzana Agha 2 Farzana Biag 1 Farzana Gilani 2 Farzana Habib 5 Farzana Ismail 8 Farzana Kharal 13 Farzana Mughal 5 Farzana Rizvi 2 Faseeha Asif khan 11 Fatima Ambreen 6 Fatima Chaudhery 2 Fatima Khan 11 Fatima Zohra Jabeen 1 Fazilat Awan 1 Fehmida Nazir 1 Fouzia Akbar Sana 3 Fouzia Durrani 1 Fouzia Ehsan 5 Fouzia Farrukh 7 Fouzia Ghazal 17 Fouzia Hussain 1 Fouzia Rizvi 1 fouzia Yasmeen 12 Geeti Ara 1 Ghazal Yasir Malik 12 Ghazala Aziz 18 Ghazala Jaleel Rao 12 Ghazala Nazim 1 Ghazala Nigar Orakzai 6 Ghazala Roshan 2 Ghazala Shehzad 4 Gul Afshan Rana 1 Gul Nokhaiz Akhtar 1 Habiba Tariq 2 Habiba Umair 6 Hafsa Khan 1 Hajra Rehan 12 Hani Tabassum 1 Haya Bukhari 46 Haya Mujtaba 2 Hina Andleeb 6 Hina Asghar 7 Hina Ashraf 10 Hina Bushra 9 Hina Chaman 3 Hina Malik 14 Hina Naz 1 Hina Tehseen 1 Hina Yasmeen 6 Hira Batool 2 Huma Amir 16 Huma Ayub 1 Huma Chaudhary 1 Huma Haider 1 Huma Jahangir 10 Huma Kalsoom 1 Huma Kokab Bukhari 9 Huma Mir 1 Huma Rao 9 Huma Shafique Haider 6 Humaira Ali 5 Humaira Arif 2 Humaira Khan 2 Humaira Nigah 4 Humaira Nigar 1 Humaira Nosheen 10 Humaira Rahat 1 Humaira Rubab 7 Humaira Shoaib 1 Iffat Gul 1 Iffat Jiya 4 Iffat Sehar Pasha 84 iffat sehar tahir 84 Iffat Sultana 1 Ifra Tahir 1 Ifra Taj 1 Iman Ali 6 Imran Series 51 Inspector Nawaz Khan 1 Iqbal Bano 47 Iqra Channa 3 Iqra Sagheer Ahmed 49 Iqra Saif 3 Iraj Gul 2 Ishtiaq Fatima Rizvi 1 Ishtiaq Fatima Uzma 1 Islamic Books 39 Izza Khalid 5 Jaam e Aarzoo 1 Jahana Aftab 5 Jamila Hashmi 2 Jasoosi Digest 56 jasoosi Novels 121 Javeria Bano 1 Jiya Qureshi 9 Jiya Zubairi 1 Kainat Ghazal 5 kaneez Abidi 1 Kaneez Fizza 1 kaneez Mahi 1 Kaneez Nabwi 13 Kanwal Imran 1 Kanwal Mehmood 1 kanwal Nain 1 Kanwal Riaz 8 Kashaaf Iqbal 1 Kashifa Hussain 3 Kashish Khan 3 Khalida Nisar 4 Khalida Raza 1 Laraib Momin 14 Lubna Ghazal 14 Lubna Jadoon 19 Lubna Nazir Chaudhary 1 Lubna Obaid 3 Lubna Rana 5 Lubna Tahir 4 Lubna Urooj 2 MSultana Fakhar 11 Madiha Adnan 2 Madiha Saeed 2 Madiha Shahid 5 Madiha Tabassum 16 Madiha Tariq 2 Maha Malik 32 Mahiba Rajboot 1 Mahreen Kanwal 1 Mahwish Gul 3 Mahwish Talib 6 Maira Malik 7 Maknoon Shah 6 Malaika Bukhari 1 Maleeha Rafique 1 Maleeha Siddiqui 1 Malik Safdar Hayat 1 Manahil Butt 3 Maria Imran 1 Maria Mehak 1 Mariam Aziz 25 Mariam Ikraam 3 Mariam Mah Munir 11 Mariam Sajid 5 Mariam Sameer 1 Maryam Khan 2 Maryam Murtaza 1 Masooma Mansoor 3 Masroor Jahan 2 Matah Urooj 1 Matahil Tanawish 15 Mawra Gul 1 Maya Ghatabsh 1 Mehak Fatima 1 Mehak Rubab 1 Mehar Taban 1 Mehnaz Irfan 3 Mehwish Iftikhar 27 Mehwish Kanwal Mishi 1 Mehwish Mughal 2 Mehwish Naz 1 Memona Khursheed 31 Memoona Sadaf 11 Misba Awan 1 Misbah Ali 33 Misbah Ali Tarrar 3 Misbah Chaudhary 1 Misbah Gul 1 Misbah Khadim 1 Misbah Khalid 1 Misbah Mushtaq 3 Misbah Muskan Rauf 3 Misbah Nosheen 25 Misbah Noureen 1 Momina Iftikhar 1 Moon Shah 1 Moona Safdar 1 Mrs sohail khan 35 Mubashara Ansari 11 Mubashara Naz 10 Muhammad Farooq Anjum 1 Mujhe hai hukam e azan 1 Mumtaz Kanwal 4 Munazza Bukhari 1 Munazza Hashmi 1 Munazza Rizvi 1 Munim Asghar 2 muqadas Mashal 9 Musarrat Faraz 1 Musarrat Malik 2 Musarrat Naz 1 Muskan Warsi 1 Nabila Abar Raja 45 Nabila Aziz 53 Nabila Nazish Rao 4 Nabila Ramzan 1 Nabiya Bukhari 1 Nabiya Naqvi 21 Nadia Ahmed 37 Nadia Ameen 12 Nadia Fatima Rizvi 59 Nadia Iqbal Zia 1 Nadia Jahangir 21 Naeema Altaf 1 Naeema Naz 37 Nafeesa Saeed 36 Naheed Akhtar 1 Naheed Chaudhary 11 Naheed Fatima 3 Naheed Sultana Akhtar 10 Naila Reena 1 Naila Siddiquie 1 Naila Tariq 42 Naima Afzal 1 Naima Ghazal 1 Nain Zahra 1 Najma Ammar 1 Najma Jabeen 9 Najma Shakir 1 Narmeen Surahio 3 Naseem Amna 12 Naseem Arshad 4 Naseem Niazi 2 Naseem Sehar Qureshi 12 Nasir Kazmi 1 Nasreen Akhtar Naina 10 Nasreen Jameel Sayal 3 Nasreen Khalid 1 Nasreen Nikhat 1 Nasreen Nikhat Sabzwari 1 Nasreen Qureshi 3 Naveeda Tabassum 1 Naveeda Tarrar 1 Nawal Ahmed 2 Nayab Hussain 5 Nayab Jelani 101 Nayyar Khan 6 Naz Kafeel Gilani 10 Nazeer Fatima 8 Nazia Farhat Maya 2 Nazia Jamal 22 Nazia Kanwal Nazi 75 Nazia Mughal 2 Nazia Razzaq 4 Nazia Zia 4 Nazish Amin 3 Neelam Raza 2 Neelam Riyasat 14 New Writers 5 Nida Husnain 16 Nigar Khany 1 Nighat Abdullah 118 Nighat Azmi 2 Nighat Bano 1 Nighat Seema 99 Nimra Ahmed 34 Nisa Aziz 1 Nisha Khursheed 5 Nishat Khan 1 Nokhaiz Anjum 1 Noon Meen Rashid 1 Noor Ain 6 Noor Bano Mahjoob 19 Noor Fatima 1 Noor ul Huda 1 Noshaba Farooq 2 Nosheen Naz Akhtar 8 Nosheen Sarwar 1 Noshi Gilani 3 Nou Roz Ather 2 Noureen Hanif 2 Noureen Noor 1 Noureen Zafar 1 Nusrat Shahnaz Kanwak 1 Nuzhat Jabeen Zia 33 Nuzhat Naz 2 Nuzhat Shabana Haider 25 Parveen Shareef 1 Qaisar Bano 1 Qaisra Hayat 13 Qamar Ashok 5 Qamrosh Amber 42 Qamrosh Ashok 36 Qamrosh Shehk 41 Qandeel Fatima 1 Qanta Rabia 7 Qudratullah Shahab 2 Qudsia Ameen 1 Qudsia Malik 1 Qudsia Yasmeen 1 Qurrat ul Ain Haider 2 Qurrat ul Ain Hashmi 18 Qurrat ul Ain Komal 3 Qurrat ul Ain Roy 10 Qurrat ul Ain Saba 1 Qurrat ul Ain Sikandar 21 Qurratul Ain Faisal Channa 5 Rabbia Ahmed 2 Rabbia Amjad 2 Rabbia Kanwal 1 Rabia Afzaal 3 Rabia Bashir 1 Rabia Fayyaz Qadri 2 Rabia Hussain 2 Rabia Iftikhar 19 Rabia Kashmiri 10 Rabia Khan 3 Rabia Munir 2 Rabia Niazi 1 Rabia Razzaq 1 Rabia Shamim 1 Rabia Wali 1 Rafaqat Javaid 10 Rafia Ijaz 1 Rahat Jabeen 49 Rahat Wafa 22 Raheela Jabeen Badar 2 Raheela Sami 3 Raheem Gul 3 Rakhshanda Kokab 1 Rakhshi Tayyab 1 Rao Sumaira Ayaz 5 Raqs e Bismil 24 Rashida Ali 1 Rashida Riffat 45 Rashk e Habiba 8 Razia Butt 27 Razia Jamil 10 Razia Mehdi 7 Razia Sultana 1 Reema Ali Syed 1 Reema Noor Rizwan 4 Reema Sajjad 1 Rehana Aftab 50 Rehana Amjad Bukhari 1 Rida Ayubi 1 Rida Fatima 3 Riffat Murtaza 1 Riffat Naheed Sajjad 18 Riffat Shakoor 1 Riffat Siraj 96 Riffat Sultana 1 Rimal Aimal 3 Rimal Arzo 3 Rimsha Ahmed 11 Rimsha Khalid 4 Rizwana Aftab 9 Rizwana Ameer ul Haq 5 Rizwana Aziz Sheikh 1 Rizwana Irshad Ahmed 9 Rizwana Prince 6 Robina Ansar Ali 1 Robina Ijaz 1 Robina Iqbal 1 Robina Nadeem 2 Robina Ruhi 2 Robina Saeed 6 Robina Yasmeen 1 Roheela Khan 10 Rolooka 4 Romantic novels 1190 Roshanay Abdul Qayum 7 Roshni Bukhari 4 Roshni Fatima 8 Rubab Bukhari 2 Rubab Sehar 1 Ruby Manan 1 Rukh Chaudhary 46 Rukhsana Nigar Adnan 69 S Habib Khan 1 Saba Adeel 1 saba Javed 13 Saba Muzaffar 1 Saba Noor 7 Saba Saleem 1 Saba Sehar 2 Sabahat Kiran 4 Sabahat Rafique Cheema 7 Sabahat Yasmeen 3 Sabeeha Bano 1 Sabeeta Chandani khandhar 3 Sabohi Sehar 1 Sadaf Asif 69 Sadaf Babar 1 Sadaf Ijaz 10 Sadaf Rehan Gilani 17 Sadaf Rehana Shaaad 1 Sadaf Zeb 1 Sadia Abid 41 Sadia Ali 1 Sadia Amal Kashif 25 Sadia Aziz Afridi 41 Sadia Batool 1 Sadia Ghazal 2 Sadia Hameed Chaudhary 23 Sadia Liaqat 1 Sadia Malik 1 Sadia Naz 1 Sadia Raees 18 Sadia Rajpoot 2 Sadia Waheed Alam 4 Saeeda Javed 1 Safina Yasmeen 1 Saim Sultan 1 Saima Ahmed 1 saima Akram Chaudhery 66 Saima Bashir 5 Saima Iqbal 13 Saima jabeen 1 Saima Khokhar 1 Saima Mehboob 2 Saima Naz 1 Saima Qureshi 28 Saima Shareef 2 Saima Zaheer 3 Saiqa Amin 2 Saiqa Atif 1 Saiqa Malik 2 Saira Arif 15 Saira Chaudhary 1 Saira Hafeez 1 Saira Kashish 5 Saira Mishal 4 Saira Raza 54 Saira Shah 1 Saira Yasmeen Rao 14 Sajida Batool 2 Sajida Habib 4 Sajida Taj 9 Sajjad Baqir Rizvi 1 Sakeena Farrukh 4 Saliha Mehmood 8 Salma Faheem Gul 16 Salma Faqeer Hussain 3 Salma Ghazal 7 Salma Gul 6 Salma Kanwal 7 Salma Younas 2 Salwa Ali Butt 5 Samhia Zareen Abbasi 6 Samia Obiad 5 Samina A zmat Ali 8 Samina Asawar 1 Samina Butt 3 Samina khan 1 Samina Sheikh 3 Samina Syed 2 Samina Tahir Butt 4 Samra Bukhari 85 Samra Shakoor 1 Sana A 1 Sana Akhtar 2 Sana Asim 1 Sana Kanwal 8 Sana Khan 12 Sana Naqvi 1 Sana Zafar 5 Sanjeeda Khatoon 1 Sara Arif 1 Sara Fatima 1 Sara Hasan 1 Sara Idris 1 Sara Jabeen 2 Sara Malik 1 Sara Noureen 1 Sarwat Anmol 1 Sarwat Nazir 17 Sawera Falak 12 Seema Ansar 2 Seema Binte Asim 17 Seema Ghazal 3 Seema Kajal 2 Seema Munaf 24 Seema Raza Rida 14 Seema Sehar 4 Seemi Kiran 3 Sehar Anjum 1 Sehar Mubeen 5 Sehar Sajid 26 Sehar Sheikh 3 sehrish Bano 4 Sehrish Fatima 21 sehrish Khan 1 Sehrish Rani 1 Shabana Manzoor 1 Shabana Shaukat 22 Shabeena Gul 7 shafaq Iftikhar 10 Shafaq Perveen 1 shagufta Bhatti 9 Shagufta Shah 1 Shah Jahan Gul 1 Shaheen Malik 6 Shaheen Sajjad 12 Shaheen Sitara 4 Shaheen Waheed 1 Shaheena Chanda Mehtab 16 Shahida Ali 3 Shahida Talat 3 Shahnaz Saddique 6 shaista Aziz 6 Shaista Hasan 1 Shaista Khan 1 Shaista Sajid 1 Shaista Samreen 1 Shama Hafeez 11 Shama jabeen 4 Shama Kakori 2 Shamim Fazal Khaliq 7 Shamima Moin 2 Shamsa Faisal 4 Sharmeen Fahad 1 Shaukat Rana 2 Shazia Ahad 1 Shazia Ata 5 Shazia Chaudhary 53 Shazia Farooq 1 Shazia Humayun 1 Shazia Ijaz Shazi 1 Shazia Jamal 10 Shazia Malik 1 Shazia Mustafa 51 Shazia Rafique 8 Shazia Rana 1 Shehnaz Rana 2 Shehneela Siddiqui 7 Shehzadi Abbas 6 Shireen Haider 20 shireen Malik 6 Shokat Siddiqui 1 Shumaila Dilibad 3 Siddique Salik 1 Sidra Hayat 9 Sidra Khan 1 Sidra Sehar Imran 22 Sidra Tabassum 2 Sidratul Muntaha 17 Snober Faheem Akhtar 4 Snober Niazi 2 Sobia Hussain Gul 1 Sobia Jabeen Gul 2 Sobia Malik 4 Sofia Bashir 3 Sofia Sarwar Chishti 4 Sofia Shah 2 Sonia Ahmed 1 Sonia Chaudhary 8 Sonia Imran 1 Sonia Naveed 6 Subas Gul 79 Sumaira Ghazal Siddiqui 6 Sumaira Gull 16 sumaira Hameed 44 Sumaira Ishtiaq 2 Sumaira Malik 1 Sumaira Mumtaz Khan 2 Sumaira Sehar 1 Sumaira Sharif Toor 25 Sumaira Younas 5 sumaiya Sadaf 3 Sumbul 4 Sundas Jabeen 24 Surayya Anjum 8 Surayya Shahab 1 Syeda Amber Hashmi 2 Syeda Gul Bano 16 Syeda Ishrat Asif 2 Syeda Ishrat Shafih 1 Syeda Nabiya 1 Syeda Nazish Jabeen 1 Syeda Rahna Mustafa 1 Syeda Shabana Azeem 1 Syeda Shabana Sardar 7 Syeda Shehla Shakoor 4 Syeda Tehmina Zahra 4 Syeda Zobaria Sahir 11 Tabassum Fayazz 2 Tabinda Naeem 5 Tahira Asif 2 Tahira Hasan 1 Talat Nizami 10 Tamseela Zahid 8 Tanzeela Maqsood 1 Tanzeela Riaz 52 Taskeen Zahid Khan 1 Tasneem Munir 1 Tayyaba Hashmi 8 Tehmina Bano 2 Tehmina Ilyas 2 Tehmina Waseem 1 Tehniat Rehman 5 Tehseen Akhtar 37 Tehseen Anjum Ansari 16 Tere payar ki khushboo 1 Trannum Riaz 2 Ujalay 1 Umera Ahmed 76 Umm e Maryam 91 Umme Aqsa 3 Umme Iman Qazi 44 Umme Kalsoom 3 Umme Manahil 1 Umme Sumama 2 Umme Taifoor 16 Ushna Kausar Sardar 34 Uzma Bukhari 1 Uzma Iftikhar 6 Uzma Munir 2 Uzma Nazli 6 Uzma Saddique 1 wajeeha Sehar 2 Wajheea Ahmed 5 Warda Batool 1 waryal Khan 3 Yasmeen Afridi 3 yasmeen Nishat 31 Yusra Shamshaad 2 Zaheer Ahmed 1 Zahida Hashmi 1 Zahida Perveen 2 Zainab Asghar Mughal 4 Zainab Zafar 1 Zakia Bilgarami 2 Zakir Qureshi 1 Zareen Athar 1 Zareen Qamar 2 Zarnain Arzoo 31 Zeb Chaudhary 1 Zenia Chaudhary 3 zill e Huma 1 Zohra Mumtaz 26 Zoya Ijaz 4 Zubaida Khatoon 1 Zuhra Ahmed 1 Zulfiqar Ali Bukhari 1 Zumar Naeem Ajar 31 | [
"Sheharzaad",
"Saima Akram Chaudhary"
] |
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9 Ayesha Khan 11 Ayesha Liaqat 1 Ayesha Mari 2 Ayesha Murtaza 1 Ayesha Mustafa 1 Ayesha Naseer Ahmed 13 Ayesha Naz Ali 7 Ayesha Noor 6 Ayesha Sehar Murtaza 13 Ayesha Siddiqa 3 Ayesha Zulfiqar 14 Azmat Azmi 1 Azmeer Butt Series 16 Azra Baig 1 Azra Firdous 2 Badi Ujamal 5 Balqees Kanwal 2 Bano Qudsia 6 Bashir Badar 1 Beena Aliya Twana 6 Bilqees Jahan 2 Bilqees Zafar 1 Bin Mangi Dua 1 Bint e Hawa 5 Bint e Sehar 9 Bisma Ahmed 1 Bisma Naz 1 Bisma Qureshi 1 Biya Ali 2 Bushra Ahmed 19 Bushra Fayyaz 1 Bushra Gondal 21 Bushra Haneef 1 Bushra Maha 10 Bushra Masroor 3 Bushra Rehman 15 Bushra Saeed 7 Bushra Sayal 25 Bushra Tanveer 3 Danyah Afreen 13 Dar Digest 7 Dar e dil 2 Deeba Shafique Sheikh 1 Dilshad Naseem 6 Diya Sherazi 2 Dua Zahra 1 Dur e Behar 1 Dur e Saman 26 Eqaan Ali 4 Faiza Cheema 4 Faiza Iftikhar 66 Faiza Iftikhar Chanda 1 Fakhira Batool 4 Fakhira Gul 32 Fakhira Jabeen 34 Falak Irum Naz 1 Falak Irum Zakir 4 Farah Aslam Qureshi 2 Farah Bukhari 23 Farah Deeba 1 Farah Gul 5 Farah Hussain 1 Farah Ijaz 1 Farah Tahir 18 Fareeda Fareed 11 Fareeda Kanwal 3 Fareeha Kausar 1 Fareeha Mustafa 2 Fareeha Sheikh 3 Fareena Javed 2 Farhana Hanif 6 Farhana Naz Malik 29 Farhat Ahmed 1 Farhat Atique 1 Farhat Chaudhary 5 Farhat Imran 5 Farhat Ishtiaq 38 Farhat Jabeen 2 Farhat Parveen 1 Farhat Shaukat 13 Farhat Zafar 4 Farheen Azfar 25 Faria Khan 1 Farida Ashfaq 9 Farida Narejo 1 Fariha Irshad 4 Fariha Kausar 1 Farkhanda Jabeen 7 Farwa Malik 1 Farzana Agha 2 Farzana Biag 1 Farzana Gilani 2 Farzana Habib 5 Farzana Ismail 8 Farzana Kharal 13 Farzana Mughal 5 Farzana Rizvi 2 Faseeha Asif khan 11 Fatima Ambreen 6 Fatima Chaudhery 2 Fatima Khan 11 Fatima Zohra Jabeen 1 Fazilat Awan 1 Fehmida Nazir 1 Fouzia Akbar Sana 3 Fouzia Durrani 1 Fouzia Ehsan 5 Fouzia Farrukh 7 Fouzia Ghazal 17 Fouzia Hussain 1 Fouzia Rizvi 1 fouzia Yasmeen 12 Geeti Ara 1 Ghazal Yasir Malik 12 Ghazala Aziz 18 Ghazala Jaleel Rao 12 Ghazala Nazim 1 Ghazala Nigar Orakzai 6 Ghazala Roshan 2 Ghazala Shehzad 4 Gul Afshan Rana 1 Gul Nokhaiz Akhtar 1 Habiba Tariq 2 Habiba Umair 6 Hafsa Khan 1 Hajra Rehan 12 Hani Tabassum 1 Haya Bukhari 46 Haya Mujtaba 2 Hina Andleeb 6 Hina Asghar 7 Hina Ashraf 10 Hina Bushra 9 Hina Chaman 3 Hina Malik 14 Hina Naz 1 Hina Tehseen 1 Hina Yasmeen 6 Hira Batool 2 Huma Amir 16 Huma Ayub 1 Huma Chaudhary 1 Huma Haider 1 Huma Jahangir 10 Huma Kalsoom 1 Huma Kokab Bukhari 9 Huma Mir 1 Huma Rao 9 Huma Shafique Haider 6 Humaira Ali 5 Humaira Arif 2 Humaira Khan 2 Humaira Nigah 4 Humaira Nigar 1 Humaira Nosheen 10 Humaira Rahat 1 Humaira Rubab 7 Humaira Shoaib 1 Iffat Gul 1 Iffat Jiya 4 Iffat Sehar Pasha 84 iffat sehar tahir 84 Iffat Sultana 1 Ifra Tahir 1 Ifra Taj 1 Iman Ali 6 Imran Series 51 Inspector Nawaz Khan 1 Iqbal Bano 47 Iqra Channa 3 Iqra Sagheer Ahmed 49 Iqra Saif 3 Iraj Gul 2 Ishtiaq Fatima Rizvi 1 Ishtiaq Fatima Uzma 1 Islamic Books 39 Izza Khalid 5 Jaam e Aarzoo 1 Jahana Aftab 5 Jamila Hashmi 2 Jasoosi Digest 56 jasoosi Novels 121 Javeria Bano 1 Jiya Qureshi 9 Jiya Zubairi 1 Kainat Ghazal 5 kaneez Abidi 1 Kaneez Fizza 1 kaneez Mahi 1 Kaneez Nabwi 13 Kanwal Imran 1 Kanwal Mehmood 1 kanwal Nain 1 Kanwal Riaz 8 Kashaaf Iqbal 1 Kashifa Hussain 3 Kashish Khan 3 Khalida Nisar 4 Khalida Raza 1 Laraib Momin 14 Lubna Ghazal 14 Lubna Jadoon 19 Lubna Nazir Chaudhary 1 Lubna Obaid 3 Lubna Rana 5 Lubna Tahir 4 Lubna Urooj 2 MSultana Fakhar 11 Madiha Adnan 2 Madiha Saeed 2 Madiha Shahid 5 Madiha Tabassum 16 Madiha Tariq 2 Maha Malik 32 Mahiba Rajboot 1 Mahreen Kanwal 1 Mahwish Gul 3 Mahwish Talib 6 Maira Malik 7 Maknoon Shah 6 Malaika Bukhari 1 Maleeha Rafique 1 Maleeha Siddiqui 1 Malik Safdar Hayat 1 Manahil Butt 3 Maria Imran 1 Maria Mehak 1 Mariam Aziz 25 Mariam Ikraam 3 Mariam Mah Munir 11 Mariam Sajid 5 Mariam Sameer 1 Maryam Khan 2 Maryam Murtaza 1 Masooma Mansoor 3 Masroor Jahan 2 Matah Urooj 1 Matahil Tanawish 15 Mawra Gul 1 Maya Ghatabsh 1 Mehak Fatima 1 Mehak Rubab 1 Mehar Taban 1 Mehnaz Irfan 3 Mehwish Iftikhar 27 Mehwish Kanwal Mishi 1 Mehwish Mughal 2 Mehwish Naz 1 Memona Khursheed 31 Memoona Sadaf 11 Misba Awan 1 Misbah Ali 33 Misbah Ali Tarrar 3 Misbah Chaudhary 1 Misbah Gul 1 Misbah Khadim 1 Misbah Khalid 1 Misbah Mushtaq 3 Misbah Muskan Rauf 3 Misbah Nosheen 25 Misbah Noureen 1 Momina Iftikhar 1 Moon Shah 1 Moona Safdar 1 Mrs sohail khan 35 Mubashara Ansari 11 Mubashara Naz 10 Muhammad Farooq Anjum 1 Mujhe hai hukam e azan 1 Mumtaz Kanwal 4 Munazza Bukhari 1 Munazza Hashmi 1 Munazza Rizvi 1 Munim Asghar 2 muqadas Mashal 9 Musarrat Faraz 1 Musarrat Malik 2 Musarrat Naz 1 Muskan Warsi 1 Nabila Abar Raja 45 Nabila Aziz 53 Nabila Nazish Rao 4 Nabila Ramzan 1 Nabiya Bukhari 1 Nabiya Naqvi 21 Nadia Ahmed 37 Nadia Ameen 12 Nadia Fatima Rizvi 59 Nadia Iqbal Zia 1 Nadia Jahangir 21 Naeema Altaf 1 Naeema Naz 37 Nafeesa Saeed 36 Naheed Akhtar 1 Naheed Chaudhary 11 Naheed Fatima 3 Naheed Sultana Akhtar 10 Naila Reena 1 Naila Siddiquie 1 Naila Tariq 42 Naima Afzal 1 Naima Ghazal 1 Nain Zahra 1 Najma Ammar 1 Najma Jabeen 9 Najma Shakir 1 Narmeen Surahio 3 Naseem Amna 12 Naseem Arshad 4 Naseem Niazi 2 Naseem Sehar Qureshi 12 Nasir Kazmi 1 Nasreen Akhtar Naina 10 Nasreen Jameel Sayal 3 Nasreen Khalid 1 Nasreen Nikhat 1 Nasreen Nikhat Sabzwari 1 Nasreen Qureshi 3 Naveeda Tabassum 1 Naveeda Tarrar 1 Nawal Ahmed 2 Nayab Hussain 5 Nayab Jelani 101 Nayyar Khan 6 Naz Kafeel Gilani 10 Nazeer Fatima 8 Nazia Farhat Maya 2 Nazia Jamal 22 Nazia Kanwal Nazi 75 Nazia Mughal 2 Nazia Razzaq 4 Nazia Zia 4 Nazish Amin 3 Neelam Raza 2 Neelam Riyasat 14 New Writers 5 Nida Husnain 16 Nigar Khany 1 Nighat Abdullah 118 Nighat Azmi 2 Nighat Bano 1 Nighat Seema 99 Nimra Ahmed 33 Nisa Aziz 1 Nisha Khursheed 5 Nishat Khan 1 Nokhaiz Anjum 1 Noon Meen Rashid 1 Noor Ain 6 Noor Bano Mahjoob 19 Noor Fatima 1 Noor ul Huda 1 Noshaba Farooq 2 Nosheen Naz Akhtar 8 Nosheen Sarwar 1 Noshi Gilani 3 Nou Roz Ather 2 Noureen Hanif 2 Noureen Noor 1 Noureen Zafar 1 Nusrat Shahnaz Kanwak 1 Nuzhat Jabeen Zia 33 Nuzhat Naz 2 Nuzhat Shabana Haider 25 Parveen Shareef 1 Qaisar Bano 1 Qaisra Hayat 13 Qamar Ashok 5 Qamrosh Amber 42 Qamrosh Ashok 36 Qamrosh Shehk 41 Qandeel Fatima 1 Qanta Rabia 7 Qudratullah Shahab 2 Qudsia Ameen 1 Qudsia Malik 1 Qudsia Yasmeen 1 Qurrat ul Ain Haider 2 Qurrat ul Ain Hashmi 18 Qurrat ul Ain Komal 3 Qurrat ul Ain Roy 10 Qurrat ul Ain Saba 1 Qurrat ul Ain Sikandar 21 Qurratul Ain Faisal Channa 5 Rabbia Ahmed 2 Rabbia Amjad 2 Rabbia Kanwal 1 Rabia Afzaal 3 Rabia Bashir 1 Rabia Fayyaz Qadri 2 Rabia Hussain 2 Rabia Iftikhar 19 Rabia Kashmiri 10 Rabia Khan 3 Rabia Munir 2 Rabia Niazi 1 Rabia Razzaq 1 Rabia Shamim 1 Rabia Wali 1 Rafaqat Javaid 10 Rafia Ijaz 1 Rahat Jabeen 49 Rahat Wafa 22 Raheela Jabeen Badar 2 Raheela Sami 3 Raheem Gul 3 Rakhshanda Kokab 1 Rakhshi Tayyab 1 Rao Sumaira Ayaz 5 Raqs e Bismil 24 Rashida Ali 1 Rashida Riffat 45 Rashk e Habiba 8 Razia Butt 27 Razia Jamil 10 Razia Mehdi 7 Razia Sultana 1 Reema Ali Syed 1 Reema Noor Rizwan 4 Reema Sajjad 1 Rehana Aftab 50 Rehana Amjad Bukhari 1 Rida Ayubi 1 Rida Fatima 3 Riffat Murtaza 1 Riffat Naheed Sajjad 18 Riffat Shakoor 1 Riffat Siraj 96 Riffat Sultana 1 Rimal Aimal 3 Rimal Arzo 3 Rimsha Ahmed 11 Rimsha Khalid 4 Rizwana Aftab 9 Rizwana Ameer ul Haq 5 Rizwana Aziz Sheikh 1 Rizwana Irshad Ahmed 9 Rizwana Prince 6 Robina Ansar Ali 1 Robina Ijaz 1 Robina Iqbal 1 Robina Nadeem 2 Robina Ruhi 2 Robina Saeed 6 Robina Yasmeen 1 Roheela Khan 10 Rolooka 4 Romantic novels 1190 Roshanay Abdul Qayum 7 Roshni Bukhari 4 Roshni Fatima 8 Rubab Bukhari 2 Rubab Sehar 1 Ruby Manan 1 Rukh Chaudhary 46 Rukhsana Nigar Adnan 69 S Habib Khan 1 Saba Adeel 1 saba Javed 13 Saba Muzaffar 1 Saba Noor 7 Saba Saleem 1 Saba Sehar 2 Sabahat Kiran 4 Sabahat Rafique Cheema 7 Sabahat Yasmeen 3 Sabeeha Bano 1 Sabeeta Chandani khandhar 3 Sabohi Sehar 1 Sadaf Asif 69 Sadaf Babar 1 Sadaf Ijaz 10 Sadaf Rehan Gilani 17 Sadaf Rehana Shaaad 1 Sadaf Zeb 1 Sadia Abid 41 Sadia Ali 1 Sadia Amal Kashif 25 Sadia Aziz Afridi 41 Sadia Batool 1 Sadia Ghazal 2 Sadia Hameed Chaudhary 23 Sadia Liaqat 1 Sadia Malik 1 Sadia Naz 1 Sadia Raees 18 Sadia Rajpoot 2 Sadia Waheed Alam 4 Saeeda Javed 1 Safina Yasmeen 1 Saim Sultan 1 Saima Ahmed 1 saima Akram Chaudhery 66 Saima Bashir 5 Saima Iqbal 13 Saima jabeen 1 Saima Khokhar 1 Saima Mehboob 2 Saima Naz 1 Saima Qureshi 28 Saima Shareef 2 Saima Zaheer 3 Saiqa Amin 2 Saiqa Atif 1 Saiqa Malik 2 Saira Arif 15 Saira Chaudhary 1 Saira Hafeez 1 Saira Kashish 5 Saira Mishal 4 Saira Raza 54 Saira Shah 1 Saira Yasmeen Rao 14 Sajida Batool 2 Sajida Habib 4 Sajida Taj 9 Sajjad Baqir Rizvi 1 Sakeena Farrukh 4 Saliha Mehmood 8 Salma Faheem Gul 16 Salma Faqeer Hussain 3 Salma Ghazal 7 Salma Gul 6 Salma Kanwal 7 Salma Younas 2 Salwa Ali Butt 5 Samhia Zareen Abbasi 6 Samia Obiad 5 Samina A zmat Ali 8 Samina Asawar 1 Samina Butt 3 Samina khan 1 Samina Sheikh 3 Samina Syed 2 Samina Tahir Butt 4 Samra Bukhari 85 Samra Shakoor 1 Sana A 1 Sana Akhtar 2 Sana Asim 1 Sana Kanwal 8 Sana Khan 12 Sana Naqvi 1 Sana Zafar 5 Sanjeeda Khatoon 1 Sara Arif 1 Sara Fatima 1 Sara Hasan 1 Sara Idris 1 Sara Jabeen 2 Sara Malik 1 Sara Noureen 1 Sarwat Anmol 1 Sarwat Nazir 17 Sawera Falak 12 Seema Ansar 2 Seema Binte Asim 17 Seema Ghazal 3 Seema Kajal 2 Seema Munaf 24 Seema Raza Rida 14 Seema Sehar 4 Seemi Kiran 3 Sehar Anjum 1 Sehar Mubeen 5 Sehar Sajid 26 Sehar Sheikh 3 sehrish Bano 4 Sehrish Fatima 21 sehrish Khan 1 Sehrish Rani 1 Shabana Manzoor 1 Shabana Shaukat 22 Shabeena Gul 7 shafaq Iftikhar 10 Shafaq Perveen 1 shagufta Bhatti 9 Shagufta Shah 1 Shah Jahan Gul 1 Shaheen Malik 6 Shaheen Sajjad 12 Shaheen Sitara 4 Shaheen Waheed 1 Shaheena Chanda Mehtab 16 Shahida Ali 3 Shahida Talat 3 Shahnaz Saddique 6 shaista Aziz 6 Shaista Hasan 1 Shaista Khan 1 Shaista Sajid 1 Shaista Samreen 1 Shama Hafeez 11 Shama jabeen 4 Shama Kakori 2 Shamim Fazal Khaliq 7 Shamima Moin 2 Shamsa Faisal 4 Sharmeen Fahad 1 Shaukat Rana 2 Shazia Ahad 1 Shazia Ata 5 Shazia Chaudhary 53 Shazia Farooq 1 Shazia Humayun 1 Shazia Ijaz Shazi 1 Shazia Jamal 10 Shazia Malik 1 Shazia Mustafa 51 Shazia Rafique 8 Shazia Rana 1 Shehnaz Rana 2 Shehneela Siddiqui 7 Shehzadi Abbas 6 Shireen Haider 20 shireen Malik 6 Shokat Siddiqui 1 Shumaila Dilibad 3 Siddique Salik 1 Sidra Hayat 9 Sidra Khan 1 Sidra Sehar Imran 22 Sidra Tabassum 2 Sidratul Muntaha 17 Snober Faheem Akhtar 4 Snober Niazi 2 Sobia Hussain Gul 1 Sobia Jabeen Gul 2 Sobia Malik 4 Sofia Bashir 3 Sofia Sarwar Chishti 4 Sofia Shah 2 Sonia Ahmed 1 Sonia Chaudhary 8 Sonia Imran 1 Sonia Naveed 6 Subas Gul 79 Sumaira Ghazal Siddiqui 6 Sumaira Gull 16 sumaira Hameed 44 Sumaira Ishtiaq 2 Sumaira Malik 1 Sumaira Mumtaz Khan 2 Sumaira Sehar 1 Sumaira Sharif Toor 25 Sumaira Younas 5 sumaiya Sadaf 3 Sumbul 4 Sundas Jabeen 24 Surayya Anjum 8 Surayya Shahab 1 Syeda Amber Hashmi 2 Syeda Gul Bano 16 Syeda Ishrat Asif 2 Syeda Ishrat Shafih 1 Syeda Nabiya 1 Syeda Nazish Jabeen 1 Syeda Rahna Mustafa 1 Syeda Shabana Azeem 1 Syeda Shabana Sardar 7 Syeda Shehla Shakoor 4 Syeda Tehmina Zahra 4 Syeda Zobaria Sahir 11 Tabassum Fayazz 2 Tabinda Naeem 5 Tahira Asif 2 Tahira Hasan 1 Talat Nizami 10 Tamseela Zahid 8 Tanzeela Maqsood 1 Tanzeela Riaz 52 Taskeen Zahid Khan 1 Tasneem Munir 1 Tayyaba Hashmi 8 Tehmina Bano 2 Tehmina Ilyas 2 Tehmina Waseem 1 Tehniat Rehman 5 Tehseen Akhtar 37 Tehseen Anjum Ansari 16 Tere payar ki khushboo 1 Trannum Riaz 2 Ujalay 1 Umera Ahmed 76 Umm e Maryam 91 Umme Aqsa 3 Umme Iman Qazi 44 Umme Kalsoom 3 Umme Manahil 1 Umme Sumama 2 Umme Taifoor 16 Ushna Kausar Sardar 34 Uzma Bukhari 1 Uzma Iftikhar 6 Uzma Munir 2 Uzma Nazli 6 Uzma Saddique 1 wajeeha Sehar 2 Wajheea Ahmed 5 Warda Batool 1 waryal Khan 3 Yasmeen Afridi 3 yasmeen Nishat 31 Yusra Shamshaad 2 Zaheer Ahmed 1 Zahida Hashmi 1 Zahida Perveen 2 Zainab Asghar Mughal 4 Zainab Zafar 1 Zakia Bilgarami 2 Zakir Qureshi 1 Zareen Athar 1 Zareen Qamar 2 Zarnain Arzoo 31 Zeb Chaudhary 1 Zenia Chaudhary 3 zill e Huma 1 Zohra Mumtaz 26 Zoya Ijaz 4 Zubaida Khatoon 1 Zuhra Ahmed 1 Zulfiqar Ali Bukhari 1 Zumar Naeem Ajar 31 | [
"Shuaa Digest"
] |
http://kj-wm.com/ | Who We Are John Kiley was born in Seattle WA and moved to Olympia in 1974 After graduating from Olympia High School John attended the University of Washington He received his Business Administration Marty Juergens was born raised in Olympia WA The love of sports and competition initially brought John and Marty together John was the Head Basketball Coach at Olympia High School Mark Boyer CFP We are proud to announce that Mark has become a Principal at Kiley Juergens Wealth Management LLC Mark is in his 11th year managing client assets Bob Heck MBA was born in Ellensburg WA and after a very brief stint in Vancouver WA Americas Vancouver he moved with his family to Olympia A graduate of Olympia High School Bob Tim Hume was born in Olympia and graduated from Olympia High School He earned a Bachelors degree from Seattle University where he also played basketball and baseball He also holds a Masters Shawna Rightmier was born and raised in southern California where she eventually met her husband Greg in 1988 After spending a brief 3 years in Northern California they moved to Washington Stephanie Bryant was born and raised in Seattle Washington In 1986 Stephanies family moved to Olympia Washington In 1990 Stephanie began her 20 plus year career with the Washington State Alison Olson joined the Kiley Juergens Wealth Management LLC team the end of 2012 She originally covered for Cindy our then administrative assistant during her days off Over the last | [
"Kiley Juergens",
"Wealth Management"
] |
http://klaasbil.home.xs4all.nl/uni_beginners.htm | Tips for beginners Is unicycling fun ? Is unicycling difficult to learn ? Where to buy a unicycle ? What to look for when buying a unicycle How to learn riding a unicycle More information and links Is unicycling fun ? Unicycling is one of the most fun hobbies you can think of . It is a fantastic feeling to ride unsupported for the first time . And that is only the beginning . You can learn all kinds of tricks , you can ride long distances , or on rough terrain , or on a tree log , or you can jump on a picknick table , and off it . You could juggle while on the uni . It is a hobby with infinite possibilities , enough to last your whole life ! To top Is unicycling difficult to learn ? This is a well - kept secret : unicycling is not difficult . When trying for the first time , you may think that you can never do it . But then why can all those others ? OK , it will cost you some time but anyone with normal legs can learn it . If you can walk , you can learn to ride a unicycle . You do n ' t even have to " try hard " , just put in time . Your body will then learn by itself . Once you are good at it , riding a unicycle is just as easy as riding a unicycle with training wheel or a cycle for the disabled by some unicyclists ) . Oh and you ' re never too young or too old to start unicycling . The youngest individual who could unicycle ( as far as I know ) was 18 months old , the oldest was 92 years old when he learned riding . See also How to learn riding a unicycle ( down this page ) . To top Where to buy a unicycle ? Check your local bike shop , most do n ' t stock unicycles but if they do , they might be cheap . If you can find a circus - shop or a shop that sells kites , chances are they ' ll have unicycles too ! The Dutch version of this page lists some shops in the Netherlands but I guess those are not that interesting for you ( since you read the English version ) . So I just include internet stores here : www . unicycle . uk . com in England . Place orders via the website ; enormous choice in a wide price range . Do n ' t buy Savage , those are really bad . Do n ' t forget to take shipping costs into account . I buy most of my stuff here . www . municycle . com in Germany . Ordering via the website , large choice ( including all of the Qu - ax gear ) . www . unicycle . com in the USA , links also to affiliates in England , Germany , Sweden and New Zealand . Number one on choice , but very high shipping cost to Europe . Used unicycles via internet , e.g . www . ebay . com ( indeed , E - bay often lists new ones as well ) . Often cheaper but difficult to judge quality ( but you knew that ) . What to look for when buying a unicycle This chapter assumes that you want to buy a unicycle for beginners . Unicycles for advanced riders should meet specific requirements depending on what you want to do with it ( e.g. MUni , trials , touring ) . In that case , not all of the text below applies . Size : the size of a unicycle is characterised by its wheel diameter . The most common sizes are 20 " and 24 " . For ages 6 and up , a wheel of 20 " suits well ( also for adults ) . From age 12 upwards , you can also get on well with a 24 " . A 20 " wheel is easier to learn on ( here ' s proof ) , and better suited for most skills , but once you can ride , a 24 " is faster . Seat height is not much of a consideration when buying because it is easily changed by choosing the right seat post , and of course with the height setting thereof . In case of doubt , buy a longer seat post and shorten it if required ; you can do that with a hacksaw and a file , or with a pipe cutter , or else your local bike shop can do it for you . A rule of thumb is that seat height for a unicycle is OK if your leg is almost stretched when your heel is on the pedal in its lowest position . Bearing mounts : a so - called ' lollipop ' frame ( where the bottom of the frame , i.e. the bearing holder is shaped like a lollipop ) is no good because it ' s likely to tear and break after a while . It ' s better if the frame ends in an arc , against which another arc is bolted with the bearing in between . The ends of the axle ( spindle ) should be square tapers so that the cranks fit on them with a square hole . This system is called cotterless . Old - fashioned unicycles sometimes have their cranks mounted with a cottered system featuring a cotter pin ; this is an obsolete system which fails in the long ( or even short ) run . Also your shoestrings or trousers are more likely to get caught . On the other hand , an even better system of mounting cranks is called ' splined ' but this is rather expensive and a bit of overkill for a beginner . Seat : do n ' t buy a Savage , those are really uncomfortable . A seat should n ' t be too soft , and metal bumpers are usually a bad sign . Viscount is good value for money but there are more good ones . Crank length ( to be measured from centre of axle hole to centre of pedal hole ) : for a 20 " wheel approx 125 mm ( 5 inch ) is a good beginner size . For a 24 " wheel , 150 mm is better ( for beginners ) . Pedals : no protruding metal ends for indoor use , this is OK for most beginner ' s unicycles . Oh and look at the tyre valve , there are several types and you may need a special connector ( called stem adapter ) for your pump . These are cheap but it ' s a bit of a hassle . For more information on tyre valve types click here How to learn riding a unicycle Learning to ride a unicycle is mainly a matter of putting in practice time . In summary , it boils down to : Set up beside a support on a flat surface . Get on the unicycle . Rock back and forth with the pedals about horizontal . Lean forward and ride along in half , then full rotations . Ride continuously while holding a support . Ride continuously unassisted . This ( and more ) is comprehensively described in the document Learning to Unicycle ( pdf ) , that you can download for free ( thank you Andrew Carter from Australia for writing the first draft ! ) . How long does it take to learn riding ? You can find out here More information and links You should n ' t believe everything I say . On the internet you find a lot more information : Via the forum " rec . sport . unicycling " on www . unicyclist . com / forums . The language is English but the site also hosts a discussion group in German . You can ask questions , share experiences and learn a whole lot , both for beginners and for ( highly ) advanced riders . It ' s not uncommon that a world champion answers your question . In the ( Usenet ) newsgroup rec . sport . unicycling . Newsgroups are also called discussion groups . Again , the language is English . If everything works OK the content of newsgroup and forum are identical . If you have a pay - per - minute dial - up connection to the internet , you may prefer to access via the newsgroup , because you do n ' t need a permanent connection to be able to read or write . On my website www . xs4all . nl / ~ klaasbil ; click on the picture with the unicycles . But hey , that ' s just this site : - ) Back to All things unicycling | [
"unicycling",
"rough terrain",
"picknick table"
] |
http://kleptocrat.net/ | IndieCade 2018 Jury Prix Winner You are a corrupt politician , and you just got paid . Can you hide your dirty money from The Investigator . . . . . .and cover your tracks well enough to enjoy it ? Kleptocrat for iOS . Download it now . The Game Kleptocrat is a unique game of strategy and tactics , based on real - life patterns of money laundering and offshore structuring that have been used by actual corrupt public officials . . . that is , until they got caught . This game , created by The Mintz Group , a global investigative firm that specializes in tracing assets , offers you insight into the strategies of the corrupt , as well as those who are trying to bring them to justice . To win , you need to understand the risk factors at play as you : Move your money Cover your tracks Choose associates to trust Live large Developed in conjunction with BumbleBear Games Screenshots Further Reading Here are some books that shed light on how kleptocracy works , with histories of real - life kleptocrats . Many of the fact patterns and scenarios you encounter in the game are based on the stories in these and other sources . The Puppet Masters : How the Corrupt Use Legal Structures to Hide Stolen Assets and What to Do About It The Panama Papers : Breaking the Story of How the Rich and Powerful Hide Their Money The Despot ' s Guide to Wealth Management On the International Campaign against Grand Corruption About the Mintz Group Check people ' s backgrounds Find their assets Investigate companies ' activities Seek evidence about allegations Locate people Connect people and companies to others Identify who is involved Dig into wrongdoing Why We Made This Game To help law enforcement , journalists and NGOs trace and recover misappropriated public assets . To alert citizens to be on the lookout for the asset - hiding patterns we found . To create a training curriculum based on patterns of asset - hiding and asset - finding that hold true from one end of the world to the other . We Specialize in Asset Tracing The Mintz Group is a global investigative firm that helps clients before relationships , during disputes and after frauds . We specialize in tracing assets around the world , and we have helped creditors enforce judgments in hundreds of cases over the past 23 years . When individuals , companies or governments owe our clients money , we find the debtors ’ assets . And early in business relationships , we help our clients test , rather than blindly rely on , other parties ’ representations about their financial condition . Our asset - tracing cases are invariably multi - layered , frequently cross - border , and often in offshore jurisdictions . | [
"dirty money",
"Kleptocrat",
"Move your money"
] |
http://klinkevolveatwhatlevel.answers.wikia.com/wiki/What_level_does_evolve | in : Answered questions What level does evolve ? Edit Share on what level does cosmog evolve ? Categories Answered questions Add category Recent Wiki Activity How to evolve grubbin A FANDOM user • 15 hours ago What is rock ruff evolve A FANDOM user • 19 hours ago At what level dose dartrix evolv • 2 days ago When do torcat evolve • 3 days ago | [
"evolve"
] |
http://klinkevolveatwhatlevel.answers.wikia.com/wiki/What_level_does_frogaider_evolve | Welcome to Pokemon Answers . What would you like to know ? in : Answered questions What level does frogaider evolve ? Edit Share When does frogider evolve Categories Answered questions Add category Explore Games Movies TV Wikis Overview About Careers Press Contact Terms of Use Privacy Policy Global Sitemap Local Sitemap Community Community Central Support Fan Contributor Program WAM Score Help The FANDOM App Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat Advertise Media Kit Contact Pokemon Answers is a FANDOM Games Community . Anime for V - Day This Is Us Gotham | [
"frogaider"
] |
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Morris Ryan Minnehan Ryan Wilner Craig S Cheney Ryan Wilner Jason Flippo Kirk L Cheney Dallon L Cheney Craig S Cheney Josh Weiner Billy Kelly Stephen C Combs Jennifer Price Matthew J Locraft Thomas H Maddux Michael L Patz Thomas H Maddux Michael L Patz Jason Flippo Ryan Wilner Andrew E Feldman Michael Pratt Ernest R Hueter Jason Flippo Billy Kelly Kirk L Cheney Ryan Minnehan Michael Ginsburg Matt Skalet Veronica A Salcido Cooper A Henry M John Meyer Brian Finkelstein Kelley Milloy M John Meyer Brian Finkelstein Kelley Milloy Ben Becker Jake Levin Ernest R Hueter Jennifer Price Kelley Milloy Michael Pratt Jennifer Price Josh Weiner Cooper A Henry Michael L Patz Stephen C Combs Matt Skalet Ryan Minnehan Jennifer Price Ryan Minnehan Jake Levin Michael Ginsburg Beth Sargent Michael Ginsburg Matt Copeland Kirk L Cheney Stephen C Combs Ben Becker Michael Pratt Ryan Minnehan Joseph M Mekulski Michael Pratt Kelley Milloy Thomas H Maddux Michael L Patz Ben Becker Kelley Milloy Patrick A M Miller Michael L Patz Michael Ginsburg Kelley Milloy Billy Kelly Jake Levin Ryan Minnehan M John Meyer Brian Finkelstein Andrew E Feldman Michael L Patz Ernest R Hueter Jake Levin Billy Kelly Jake Levin Forrest H Morrill Joe Fleischmann Bob Morris Dimitri Georgelakos Ryan Minnehan Cooper A Henry Patrick A M Miller Jake Levin Michael Pratt Jake Levin Beth Sargent Michael Ginsburg Jason Flippo Dimitri Georgelakos Josh Weiner Ernest R Hueter Melissa L Welch Patrick A M Miller Matt Skalet Matt Skalet Cooper A Henry Ryan Minnehan Matt Skalet Patrick A M Miller Andrew E Feldman Ryan Wilner Jennifer Price Keith T Barnett M John Meyer Brian Finkelstein Andrew E Feldman Ryan Wilner Jake Levin Beth Sargent Kirk L Cheney Josh Weiner Michael Pratt Jennifer Price Cooper A Henry Michael L Patz Kirk L Cheney Kelley Milloy Jason Flippo Ryan Minnehan Michael Ginsburg Josh Weiner Michael L Patz Andrew E Feldman Jennifer Price Kirk L Cheney Jason Flippo Jason Flippo Jennifer Price M John Meyer Jake Levin Beth Sargent Ryan Minnehan Patrick A M Miller Jake Levin Jason Flippo Cooper A Henry Cooper A Henry M John Meyer Brian Finkelstein Ben Becker Cooper A Henry Kim Stein Jennifer Price Jason Flippo Michael Pratt Andrew E Feldman Michael L Patz Kim Stein Thomas H Maddux Michael L Patz Ryan Minnehan Phil Ruxton Jason Flippo Josh Weiner Jake Levin Ryan Wilner Andrew E Feldman Jake Levin Beth Sargent Dimitri Georgelakos Jason Flippo Cooper A Henry Michael L Patz Ryan Wilner Jason Flippo Kelley Milloy Ryan Minnehan Michael Ginsburg Jason Flippo Ernest R Hueter Ryan Minnehan Ryan Wilner M John Meyer Brian Finkelstein Kelley Milloy Kirk L Cheney Ryan Minnehan Patrick A M Miller Melissa L Welch Ernest R Hueter Kelley Milloy Thomas H Maddux Michael L Patz M John Meyer Brian Finkelstein Michael L Patz Melissa L Welch Jake Levin Andrew E Feldman Andrew E Feldman M John Meyer Ernest R Hueter Melissa L Welch Stephen C Combs Matt Skalet Keith T Barnett Michael Pratt Jennifer Price Kim Stein Jennifer Price Josh Weiner Ernest R Hueter M John Meyer Brian Finkelstein Billy Kelly Craig S Cheney Sam H Hodges Dimitri Georgelakos Dimitri Georgelakos Sam H Hodges Cooper A Henry Keith T Barnett Veronica A Salcido Michael Pratt Jennifer Price Michael Pratt Jennifer Price Cooper A Henry Veronica A Salcido Jake Levin Andrew E Feldman Ryan Wilner Jason Flippo | [
"Retail Clients"
] |
http://klopferdobos.com.au/ | Looking For High Quality Economical Design Work Tired Of Poor Quality Documentation Leading To Project Delays And Cost OverRuns Klopfer Dobos works with property developers builders architects fabricators major national companies schools and government bodies to deliver successful projects by providing high quality economical design work which saves our clients time and money during construction As an established and highly successful structural and civil engineering consulting firm with over 30 years experience in the industry we have a deep understanding of the time and cost pressures you face and the many issues and challenges you grapple with on a daily basis We also understand that you require cost effective high quality detailed and clear documentation in order to deliver projects on time and on budget We can help you achieve this Indeed our demonstrated ability in achieving completion dates regularly saves clients substantial amounts in potential production delay costs Plus with our extensive knowledge skill and project experience we are often able to redesign existing overdesigned structures to save clients millions of dollars by taking out unnecessary elements With a long track record of delivering more than 15000 projects over the past 30 years we are well known and respected in the industry for the quality of our work and our ability to save clients money and deliver projects on schedule In the course of delivering these projects weve developed extensive experience and expertise in all areas of structural design documentation and project delivery with a key focus on the following 1 Major Industrial Projects 2 Commercial Projects 3 Educational Projects 4 Residential Projects 5 Sporting Projects 6 Medical Centres and Hospitals At Klopfer Dobos we have the ability to undertake projects of all sizes and descriptions with each and every project personally managed by a senior partner We have also won numerous prestigious awards for our work We Can Help You Too Please browse our web site to find detailed information on how we can help you and your business deliver more successful and more profitable projects Learn about the clients we work with and the issues they face by clicking here | [
"Klopfer Dobos"
] |
http://kmspartners.com/closing-costs-who-pays-what/ | Key Information Cost of Ownership Closing Costs Outlined Agency Relationships Steps to Selling Closing Costs — Who Pays What ? The parties to a real estate sale may negotiate who will pay certain closing costs . In the absence of an agreement , local custom calls for each party to pay those closing costs related to that portion of the transaction for which they are responsible . Typically Incurred by the Seller State Conveyance tax .75 % of sale price up to $ 800k 1.25 % of sale price above $ 800k Local Conveyance Tax Westport , Weston , Wilton , Fairfield , Easton , Redding - .25 % Stamford - .35 % Norwalk - .50 % Realtor ’ s Fee — Negotiable Attorney ’ s Fee — $ 1000 - $ 1500 + / - Recording Fee ( Release of existing mortgage ) — $ 200 + / - Real Estate Taxes — Unpaid balance Mortgage Payoff — Unpaid balance Typically Incurred by the Buyer Home Inspection Fees : General Building Inspection — $ 1000 + Pool — $ 200 - $ 300 + / - Asbestos — 350 + / - Radon — $ 100 + / - Septic — $ 400 - $ 500 + / - Termite / Pest — $ 250 + / - ( typically included in building inspection ) Lender Fees : Origination Fees — $ 800 + / - Appraisal — $ 400 - $ 600 Credit Report — $ 24 + / - Origination Fees — Varies based on loan type / amount Points — Varies based on loan type / amount Tax Escrow — Determined by lender / town Interest Adjustment Payment — Varies with closing date , pro - rated based on actual number of days from the date of closing to the date of the first mortgage payment Attorney ' s Fees — $ 1000 - $ 1500 + / - Title Search / Municipal Search $ 375 - $ 500 Title Insurance Ex . Home Price = $ 750,000 ( $ 2,500 ) Ex . Home Price = $ 1,000,000 ( $ 3,200 ) Recording Fee — $ 200 + / - Homeowner ' s Insurance — Varies depending on the property Flood Insurance — If Applicable The fees listed above are given only as an approximate and may vary higher or lower . Back to Tips & Trends | [
"CLOSING COSTS",
"real estate sale",
"State Conveyance tax"
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http://knaben.ws.cutestat.com/ | Web Analysis for Knaben knabenws Knaben Database Powerful Proxy Crawler Database all in one Live proxy and backend logger 340 Rating by CuteStat It has a global traffic rank of 34127 in the world It is a domain having ws extension This website is estimated worth of 24336000 and have a daily income of around 33800 As no active threats were reported recently by users knabenws is SAFE to browse Updated 1 month 3 weeks ago Display Domain Stats or Pagerank Widget for this domain on your website Click Here Update Stat Google Pagerank PR 0 out of 10 PageSpeed Score 88 Siteadvisor Rating Not Applicable See How This Website Looks Like in the Past Check DNS and Mail Servers Health Traffic Report Daily Unique Visitors 28195 Daily Pageviews 169170 Estimated Valuation Income Per Day 33800 Estimated Worth 24336000 Search Engine Indexes Google Indexed Pages 65 Yahoo Indexed Pages Not Applicable Bing Indexed Pages Not Applicable Search Engine Backlinks Google Backlinks 72500 Bing Backlinks 5820 Alexa BackLinks Not Applicable Safety Information Google Safe Browsing No Risk Issues Siteadvisor Rating Not Applicable WOT Trustworthiness Not Applicable WOT Privacy Not Applicable WOT Child Safety Not Applicable Website Ranks Scores Google Pagerank Not Applicable Alexa Rank 34127 Domain Authority 16 ON 100 DMOZ Listing No Web Server Information Hosted IP Address 8421315645 Hosted Country NO Location Latitude 581512 Location Longitude 80587 Page Title of knabenws Knaben Database Meta Tags of knabenws download upload proxy crawler database free anime uploading service Page Resources Breakdown Resource Name Size Images 957 KB 9568 CSS 95 KB 954 HTML 26 KB 263 Other 03 KB 034 Homepage Links Analysis Social Engagement Facebook Shares Not Applicable Facebook Likes Not Applicable Facebook Comments Not Applicable Twitter Count Tweets Not Applicable Linkedin Shares Not Applicable Delicious Shares Not Applicable Google Not Applicable Website Inpage Analysis H1 Headings 1 H2 Headings Not Applicable H3 Headings Not Applicable H4 Headings Not Applicable H5 Headings Not Applicable H6 Headings Not Applicable Total IFRAMEs Not Applicable Total Images 5 Google Adsense Not Applicable Google Analytics Not Applicable Websites Hosted on Same IP ie 8421315645 Knaben Database knabencc Knaben Database Powerful Proxy Crawler Database all in one Live proxy and backend logger 10269 80928000 Knaben Database knabenorg Knaben Database Powerful Proxy Crawler Database all in one Live proxy and backend logger 31542 46080000 HTTP Header Analysis HttpVersion 11 StatusCode 200 Status 200 OK Server nginx162 Date Fri 02 Nov 2018 151656 GMT ContentType texthtml charsetUTF8 TransferEncoding chunked Connection keepalive ContentEncoding gzip Domain Information Domain Registrar Samoa Nic Domain Status Domain Nameserver Information Host IP Address Country ns63domaincontrolcom 977410142 United States ns64domaincontrolcom 1732016942 United States DNS Record Analysis Host Type TTL Extra knabenws A 595 IP 8421315645 knabenws NS 3600 Target ns63domaincontrolcom knabenws NS 3600 Target ns64domaincontrolcom knabenws SOA 595 MNAME ns63domaincontrolcom RNAME dnsjomaxnet Serial 2018103100 Refresh 28800 Retry 7200 Expire 604800 Similarly Ranked Websites Demand Media demandmediacom At Demand Media we live up to our name by first listening to what our more than one hundred million monthly visitors want and then delivering the content and rich online experiences they crave Whether people use our content to help plan a celebration prepare a healthy meal or navigate new technology were 34128 24336000 Fidelity Rewards fidelityrewardscom 34128 24336000 The Art of Living Foundation webcastartoflivingorg 34128 24336000 BlackBook blackbookmagcom BlackBook Media is the insiders guide to style and culture We deliver our fashion and entertainment guides through mobile applications BBookcom pocketsized city guide books a visuallyarresting monthly magazine The BlackBook Guides on BBookcom provide highly configurable search parameters and are 34129 24336000 Ən son turizm xəbərləri maraqlı məlumatlar və faydalı məsləhətlər turizmfinsaz Azərbaycan və dünyadan ən son turizm xəbərləri Səyahət və istirahətinizi planlamanız üçün maraqlı məlumatlar və faydalı məsləhətlər Araşdırma və müsahibələr 34129 24336000 Alexa Traffic Rank Alexa Search Engine Traffic Full WHOIS Lookup Domain Name KNABENWS Domain ID 468BFFCEA577A679E050010AAB017E2B WHOIS Server whoisgodaddycom Registrar URL wwwgodaddycom Updated Date 20181008T165252Z Creation Date 20171125T123003Z Registrar Registration Expiration Date 20191125T123003Z Registrar GoDaddycom Registrar IANA ID 146 Registrar Abuse Contact Email abusegodaddycom Registrar Abuse Contact Phone 4805058800 Domain Status clientTransferProhibited Domain Status clientDeleteProhibited Domain Status clientUpdateProhibited Domain Status clientRenewProhibited Name Server ns63domaincontrolcom Name Server ns64domaincontrolcom DNSSEC unsigned URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System httpwdprsinternicnet Last update of WHOIS database 20181102T151839Z Comments Ratings Reviews Feedbacks for knabenws If you are looking for advanced SEO keyword search tool to analyze your website rankings and top organic keywords then visit Clear Web Stats | [
"Web Analysis",
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http://knapp-insurance.com/index.php/insurance-news/108-julyaugust-tip-of-the-month-outdoor-grill-safety-tips | July / August Tip of the Month - Outdoor Grill Safety Tips : Check to see if your grill has been recalled . You can go to SaferProducts . gov . If your grill has been recalled stop using it until it is properly repaired or replaced . Be sure your grill is placed on even ground and well balanced and keep away from the home , deck , railings , eaves and tree branches . Use grills outside only . Never use a grill indoors or in a breezeway , carport , porch , garage or near or under a surface that will burn . Inspect the hoses on a gas grill for cracking , brittleness , holes and leaks . Make sure there are no sharp bends in the hose or tubing and that all connections are secure . Replace if necessary . Keep the grill hoses as far away as possible from hot surfaces and dripping hot grease . Check for gas leaks . Brush a soapy solution at the connection . If bubbles appear there is a leak . Try tightening the tank . If that does not stop the leak , close the gas valve and have the grill repaired by a professional . Is the grill clean ? Regularly cleaning the grill will reduce the risk of flare - ups and grease fires . Check your owner ’ s manual for details on grill cleaning and cleaning the grease trap . Never leave a grill unattended . If a flare - up occurs , adjust the controls on the gas grill or spread out the coals on a charcoal grill to lower the temperature . If a grease fire occurs , turn off the gas grill and use baking soda and or a kitchen fire extinguisher to put out the fire . Use long handled cooking utensils to prevent burns from flare ups . Outside surfaces of a grill can get extremely hot and burn when touched . Keep children and pets away from the grill area . Also keep your grill away from play areas and high foot traffic areas . Knapp Insurance Agency wishes you a happy and fun summer . Enjoy your outdoor grilling ! | [
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http://kneb.com/regional-news/ntsb-investigating-wyoming-train-crash-that-killed-two-people/ | NTSB investigating Wyoming train crash that killed two people BY Associated Press October 8 2018 Home News Regional News The body of a second Union Pacific Railroad employee has been recovered from the site of last weeks train crash in southeast Wyoming KGABAM reports that officials also identified the two Union Pacific crew members who died in the Thursday night crash as engineer Jason Martinez and conductor Benjamin Brozovich The crash occurred about 18 miles west of Cheyenne when an eastbound train slammed into the back of another train that was parked on the rail line Union Pacific spokeswoman Raquel Espinoza says both victims were in the train that hit the parked train No one else was hurt More than 50 rail cars and three locomotives derailed The National Transportation Safety Board is investigating the crash 2019 Nebraska Rural Radio Association All rights reserved Republishing rebroadcasting rewriting redistributing prohibited Copyright Information Comments | [
"NTSB"
] |
http://knmap.com/usa/co-buford-map.html | Home > Colorado Map > Buford Map City Maps Avoca Johnstown Keller Cushing Woodbury Samuels Fort Plain Tiller Murtaugh Gilbert Richfield Midway Superior Churchville Barnesville Cismont Gillett Grove Elko Hampton Locust Valley East Lansing Cadogan Carlyle Deerfield Rye South Holland Colt Fort Recovery Arthurdale Medina Rimini Melrose Point Lookout Chula Vista Elizabethville Malvern Buttzville Chipley Wildorado Rhodesdale Middle Bass Jenner Romney Ottumwa Catron Pineville Summit Union Springs Redland Marine City Colorado Cities Dumont Ophir Divide Laird Delta Garden City Dacono Elk Springs Crestone Cordillera Craig Chama Cope Boncarbo Commerce City Yellow Jacket Colorado City Woodrow Coal Creek Windsor Content related to Buford Buford , Colorado CO Community Profile / Rio Blanco County , CO Data Buford , Colorado CO Community Profile with maps , aerial photos , schools , hospitals , airports , real estate MLS listings and local jobs . Rio Blanco County , FID : … Buford Lodge The White River Valley has one of the largest elk herds in the State of Colorado , and Buford is nestled in the heart of this territory . The deer population is on the . . . Buford Trails | Buford Parks | Colorado Find detailed information for Buford Colorado city trails on Trails . com , including Buford walks and walking paths . Buford Colorado Colorado Hotels , Motels & Lodging | Trails . com Buford Colorado hotels , motels & lodging . Find hotels in Buford , CO at a discount . Get cheap rates on hotels near Buford , CO Colorado by booking quick and … White River , Buford Co . - Cabela ' s Talk Forums Hunting > Big Game Hunting . . . Took a ride up the white river on co . rd . 8 from Meeker to Trapper Lake . I know alot . . . I have hunted Colorado for years and this area . . . 4 replies from August 2008 Bufordview Lodge Bufordview is located just south of Buford Colorado on the Buford Newcastle Rd . ( CR17 ) Near some of the best year - round outdoor sporting and recreation in … Buford Real Estate - Buford , CO Homes for Sale and Real Estate . . . Real Estate ; Homes Find Your Home ; Search Results Buford , CO Single Family Homes , Condos , Townhomes and Row Homes , Mobile Homes for Sale Prime Access Inc . • Multicultural Marketing Resources releases Prime Access article “ Digital Media and Multicultural Marketing ” and distributes it directly to multicultural marketing . . . Buford , Colorado - The Official Site of Colorado Tourism . . . Visit Colorado . com to learn more about Buford , Colorado and other cities and travel regions in Colorado . | [
"Buford Map"
] |
http://knowgenetics.org/glossary/ | Glossary Glossary Allele : one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome Ancestry : the lineage through which an individual is descended Aneuploidy : an abnormal deviation in the total chromosome number , typically due to the addition or loss of a chromosome . In humans , this means any chromosome number other than 46 . Autosome : any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome ( X or Y ) . A gene on an autosome is called “ autosomal ” . Base : along with a sugar and phosphate group , one of the three components that makeup a nucleotide . Bases are the “ informational ” part of the nucleotide that are responsible for DNA ’ s ability to contain hereditary information . Bipedalism : the act of an organism moving using its two rear limbs ; for humans , one of the important traits associated with the ancestor of modern humans Carrier : an individual that has one copy of a disease - causing allele of a gene . Carriers do not express the disease because two copies of the “ bad ” allele are required . However , they may pass the disease - causing allele to offspring . Chromosome : a strand of DNA tightly wrapped around proteins called histones . Chromosomes are the way DNA is organized in a cell . Colonoscopy : a medical procedure done to look at the large bowel and part of the small bowel and typically used as a screening method for cancer detection Common ancestor : the evolutionary hypothesis that all living organisms are descended from a common ancestor ; for humans , this is significant with respect to common ancestry with chimpanzees and other primates . Cross - breed : to produce an organism from two genetically dissimilar parents DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid ) : the molecule of heredity , composed of nucleotides . It is the carrier of genetic information within a cell that is transmitted from generation to generation . DNA testing : the characterization of an individual ’ s genetic makeup using various methods Dominant : an allele that is expressed in an organism ’ s phenotype , masking the effect of the recessive allele when present Down - regulation : decreasing the rate of gene expression Enzyme : a large biological molecule , typically a protein , that catalyzes a chemical reaction Epigenetics : the study of chemical markers that are added to DNA and affect its three dimensional structure related to how tightly it is packaged to form chromosomes . This mechanism impacts whether or not a gene will be expressed . Eugenics : the desire to improve the overall genetic makeup of the human population through selective breeding and elimination of “ undesirable ” traits . Eugenics was a somewhat popular movement in the early 20th century with the idea that certain races had qualities that were both superior to others and genetically heritable . Gene : the basic unit of heredity . Typically a gene is a segment of DNA , that occupies a particular location on a chromosome , and encodes for a protein . Gene expression : conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and second into a protein Gene therapy : a technique used to correct defective genes that are responsible for disease development typically through the introduction of a copy of the normal gene ; a set of strategies that manipulate the expression of particular genes or corrects abnormal genes Genealogy : in terms of genetics , the study of the genetic lineages of humans and other species Genetic counselor : a healthcare professional who has received graduate education and training in medical genetics and counseling Genetic distance : the difference in frequencies of traits between populations ; used to compare genetic similarities between populations of the same species or similarities between separate species . Genetic distance arises when breeding stops , so it can be used as a measure of evolutionary relatedness . Genetic isolation : a population in which very little interbreeding with other populations occurs , usually due to geographical or ecological separation ; often leads to speciation or differentiation within one species for certain traits Genetic markers : a specific DNA sequence , that typically differs from normal , that may increase the likelihood of developing a particular disease and can therefore be used as an indicator of increased disease risk . Genome : the complete set of genes in an organism . The total genetic content in one set of chromosomes Genome sequencing : determination of the order in which the bases are arranged within all the DNA of an organism Genotype : the genetic makeup of an individual , often times in reference to a particular gene Heterozygous : having two different alleles for a given gene ; both alleles at corresponding loci are dissimilar Histone : any of a group of small proteins that DNA wraps around to become compacted within the nucleus of a cell Hominid : a taxonomic group of primates that includes the early ancestors of modern humans Homo sapiens : the early primate species that originated in Africa and gave rise to all modern humans Homozygous : having identical alleles for a given gene ; both alleles at corresponding loci are identical Human migration : the movement of humans from one geographical region to another ; over thousands of years , genetically distinct populations may develop . Karyotype : an array of all the chromosomes found in a cell of an individual . Typically the chromosomes are stained to reveal size , banding pattern , or other distinguishing feature to enable the identification of any abnormalities . Law of Independent Assortment : each member of an allele pair on homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs on other chromosomes so that the resulting allele combinations are random Law of Segregation : the members of allele pairs on homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one allele of the pair Locus ( plural = loci ) : The physical location of a gene on a chromosome Mastectomy : a surgery to remove all breast tissue from a breast as a way to treat or prevent breast cancer Mendelian genetics : an approach to heredity that focuses on patterns of inheritance from generation to generation . For example , if two heterozygotes mate , they have a 25 % chance of producing a homozygous dominant offspring , a 50 % chance of producing a heterozygous offspring , and 25 % chance of producing a homozygous recessive offspring , Molecule : the fundamental unit of a substance composed of atoms bonded together in a particular structure Mutation : accidental , random changes in a DNA sequence caused by environmental factors and replication errors Nucleotide : a compound consisting of a sugar and base linked to a phosphate group . Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA Nucleus : a membrane bound structure within a cell that contains the genetic material ( DNA ) Pangenesis : an incorrect theory of heredity ; each cell produces hereditary particles that circulate in the blood and eventually collect and are incorporated into reproductive cells to be passed onto offspring Phenotypic / phenotype : the observable or physical characteristics of an individual , as a result of genetic expression and environment Polyps : an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a membrane lining Race : the system of classifying humans into particular populations based on common ancestry , cultural background , language , geographical location , etc . Recessive : an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when the paired allele is the same ; will be masked if a dominant allele is present Relatedness : in genetics , the degree to which one person is related to another ; or , the degree to which one species is related to another Sex - linked genes : a gene located on a sex chromosome . In humans , the sex chromosomes are the X chromosome and Y chromosome . Single - Nucleotide Polymorphism ( SNP ) : genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered ; SNPs are usually considered to be point mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of the population of a species X - linked : a gene or DNA segment located on the X chromosome Vector : a bacteriophage , plasmid , or other agent that carries and transfers genetic material from one cell into another Zygote : the cell formed when two gametes ( sperm and egg ) are fused via sexual reproduction ; earliest stage in embryonic development | [
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http://knowhow.napaonline.com/sea-foam-what-is-it-and-why-should-you-use-it/ | How To Use Sea Foam : Three Ways To A Cleaner Fuel System By Jefferson Bryant August 11 , 2015 Click here to buy Sea Foam now ! Over time , the internals of your engine get clogged up with all kinds of nasty stuff . Inside the crankcase , where the oil lives , varnish and tar build up on the surfaces of the pistons , rings , lifters and in the oil galleys that supply the oil to all the components . This lowers the engine ’ s ability to cool and lubricate itself , reducing the efficiency , performance , and life of the engine . The same build up occurs inside the fuel system as well , clogging the injectors or carburetor jets , gumming up the intake valves and on the tops of the pistons too . If the valves do n ’ t move freely , then your engine ’ s breathing is greatly hampered . Carbon deposits on the pistons and valves can lead to hot spots which cause detonation , which lowers your engine ’ s performance . The trick is how do you clean ? Virtually every engine , from 2 - stroke lawnmowers to big rig diesels face the same problem . Cleaner Is Better Sea Foam has been around for over 70 years , and it is one of the most trusted treatments for all engines . While Sea Foam makes a range of excellent products , the main one is Sea Foam Motor Treatment . Sea Foam is specially formulated to safely and slowly re - liquify the gum , sludge , varnish and carbon deposits from the hard parts in your engine so they can be flushed out of the system . Sea Foam helps lubricate the moving parts , particularly in the fuel system . Ethanol additives dry out the seals and leaves a varnish that makes it harder for oil to lubricate the parts . Removing this varnish brings the engine back into top working order . Inside the fuel tank , Sea Foam absorbs water , allowing it to be burned up in the combustion chamber without issue . How To Use Sea Foam When deciding how to use Sea Foam Motor Treatment there are three options : in the crankcase , in the fuel tank , and in the diesel fuel filter . For cleaning the top end , use Sea Foam Spray as directed . In The Crankcase When added to the oil , will clean up sludge , quiet noisy lifters , and remove oil varnish . One can treats 16 quarts of oil so you get 2 treatments in one can for most vehicles . The best method is to add the treatment 500 - 1,000 miles before the next oil change , and then add the rest after you have changed the oil . This will get the big amounts of varnish and sludge out , and the second treatment keeps things clean . Pop the cap on the oil filler neck . You can add Sea Foam before or after an oil change . Pour up to 1 ounce of Sea Foam per quart of oil into the engine . We used about ½ of the bottle . In The Fuel Tank One can treats up to 16 gallons of fuel . This will remove deposits from the fuel pump , injectors or carb jets , control moisture , and stabilize the fuel . In diesel engines , it will de - ice and has anti - gel properties . One bottle treats up to 16 gallons of fuel . We poured in 1 / 2 of the bottle to make this a one - bottle job . On The Top - End To clean carbon deposits from air intake systems , intake valves and combustion chambers inside the engine , including GDI engines , Sea Foam recommends using Sea Foam Spray Top Engine cleaner and lube ( Part # SS - 14 ) . Sea Foam Spray is the same great Sea Foam only in aerosol spray instead of liquid form . Sea Foam Spray is used by inserting the included application hose and patented “ HOOK TOOL ” into the air intake just in front of the throttle plates in the throttle body . Then start engine and let it warm up to operating temperature . Increase idle speed to 2,000 RPM and spray the contents of the container into the engine . Shut the engine off and allow it to “ Hot Soak ” for 15 minutes . After the Hot Soak period restart the engine and road test the vehicle aggressively until the exhaust is clean ( road test normally takes 5 container . Treatments like this may seem complicated , but with a little bit of prep work , you can do it yourself and restore your vehicle ’ s power and performance . If you have any concerns , stop by your local NAPA Auto Parts Store or NAPA AutoCare Center . Check out all the chemical products available on NAPA Online or trust one of our 16,000 NAPA AutoCare locations for routine maintenance and repairs . For more information on how to use , chat with a knowledgeable expert at your local NAPA AUTO PARTS store previous article How to Fix a Rototiller : Five Quick Fixes to Save Money and Time share this post next article Livestock Towing Made Easy : 6 Tips for Hitching Up additive diesel diesel fuel engine fuel fuel economy fuel system fuel system cleaner fuel tank oil change Seafoam about author Jefferson Bryant A life - long gearhead , Jefferson Bryant spends more time in the shop than anywhere else . His career began in the car audio industry as a shop manager , eventually working his way into a position at Rockford Fosgate as a product designer . In 2003 , he began writing tech articles for magazines , and has been working as an automotive journalist ever since . His work has been featured in Car Craft , Hot Rod , Rod & Custom , Truckin ’ , Mopar Muscle , and many more . Jefferson has also written 4 books | [
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http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/220151en?language=en_US | How to format your hard drive A hard drive can be used on any type of computer - PC or Mac . But in order for the computer and drive to talk to one another , the drive has to be formatted . This article explains . Seagate branded external drives come preformatted , some for PCs , some for Macs , and some of them have special utilities allowing them to work between both without formatting . Seagate internal drives must be formatted before use . Drives that will be bootable are formatted during the process of installing the operating system ( ie , Windows or MacOS ) . Drives that will be used for storage can be formatted according to the instructions below . Or , if you have a drive that is formatted for a different type of computer or a drive that is not preformatted , you will need to format the drive before you can use it . Warning ! Formatting erases all data on the drive . So if you are formatting a drive that has already been used , be sure to copy any files you will ever want to see again onto a computer or backup drive . For instructions on how to format your hard drive on a Mac , please reference the following links : How to format a drive in Mac OS 10.6 to 10.10 How to format your drive in MacOS 10.11 and above Formatting your drive in Windows To open the Disk Management press and hold the Windows key ( + ( R ) Type compmgmt . msc If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation , type the password or provide confirmation . In the pane on the left , under Storage , click Disk Management If the drive is secondary storage and has n ' t been initialized previously you may be prompted to initialize the disk first . Note : MBR for drives under 2TB and GPT for drives over 2TB The drive should say unallocated Note : If it does not you will need to right - click and delete the volume first . If the external hard drive is pre formatted for Mac , Disk Management will list 3 partitions and you will not be able to delete the " Health ( EFI System Partition ) " because it ' s a protected partition . To delete this partition you have to use Microsoft Diskpart Erase utility . Please see here the instructions . Right - click and select new simple volume Click next 3 times Type the name of the drive in “ Volume Label ” Make sure quick format is selected Click next then finished See more information at the Microsoft Support Knowledge Base | [
"hard drive",
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http://knowledgemastercorp.com/KM-Dyslexia-eng.htm | what is Knowledge Master ? the product ' s fact - sheet learning techniques knowledge in the enterprise distance learning technical support the company What is RSS ? Click here for the details Home > Disabilities > Learning disabilities : dyslexia Learning disabilities : dyslexia The effects of using an advanced and vanguard tool based on concept mapping , empowers learning even in presence of special needs like dyslexia New : Experimentation in 2006 : Knowledge Master has been formally experimented with dyslexics Online course : Educational innovation for the different learning styles ( dyslexia , ADD , autism , etc . ) Dyslexia affects millions of kids and adults all over the world . This dysfunction is n ' t due to intellective limitations : the dyslexic is frequently intelligent and also gifted , creative and intuitive . Some famous names of dyslexic people or that have some other learning problems : Harry Belafonte , el Gen . George Patton , Michael Faraday , John Lennon , Albert Einstein , Pablo Picasso , Lewis Carroll , Hans Christian Andersen , and some many others … But this people have not succeeded " in spite of " dyslexia ; another view could be that they succeeded because they had dyslexia . Creativity is also proverbial in DDA ' s . Though there are not two dyslexics alike , the more frequent symptoms are : the difficulty of learning from essentially linguistic means , for reasons neither obvious or visible ; the difficulty of sequential processing of information , as happens with written or spoken language The dyslexic principally has the capacity of global processing , and learns by other cognitive strategies the dyslexic thinks in non - verbal and structural mode Dyslexics are visual , multi - dimensional thinkers ( using all senses ) . Because they tend to think in pictures , it is sometimes hard for them to understand letters , numbers , symbols and written words . As a result , lessons , conferences and the learning environment are difficult for them . This is not because something is wrong with them , it is because lessons are not taught in the way they think and , besides , the way lessons are usually taught do not account for the way human memory is naturally organized not only for dyslexics , but for all human beings . Often it is thought that dyslexia is simply a problem of reversal or omission of letters or words , but it is not limited to these problems ( a very frequent misconception ) . Dyslexia is a modality of thinking that tends to compensate the difficulty of language sequential processing . This is why in any learning technology for dyslexics some specific factors must be involved : Strong interaction ( interaction is an important element because it raises motivation and attention , for instance automatic assessment questions , paths and some other functions in Knowledge Master ) Optimal use of voice ( even though voice is absolutely necessary because it helps avoiding " reading " [ the " problem " ] , reading aloud text does not contribute to learning , because it still makes integration of contents difficult ) . Optimal use of voice is achieved with reading of concepts , execution of paths , and listening to automatic assessment questions with its answers , all of them discrete , brief elements , easy and fast to integrate . Graphical interface ( the map graphical interface contributes to overthrow the first limitation to learning : text . ) Dyslexics do n ’ t all develop the same gifts , but they do have certain mental functions in common : They have an exceptional capacity to visually handle cognitive structures ( a primary ability ) . They use global representations . They are able to integrate much information and many variables . They are instinctively oriented to learning through operations ( doing , looking at how things work ) . Their tendency to visual thinking and concrete experimentation renders them particularly intuitive with a strong and insight . Dyslexia is frequently evidenced differently in different countries ( or different linguistic groups ) , related with the regularity / irregularity of the orthographic representation of phonemes , it is , the correspondence between phonemes and graphemes . Dyslexia has a neuropsychological base : some processes of perceptive discrimination and memory , necessary to its support , are in deficit . The non - diagnosed dyslexic student is usually considered laggard , slow , distracted , and these characteristics are a result of the evaluation of his / her poor school performance , and hence this student is compelled to do more , to dedicate more , and to some extent , his / her learning ability is underestimated . The result of this viewpoint is that the student loses self esteem . The truth is that dyslexics learn in some other way , not from text neither from speech . With programs that enable " listening to text " , the effort is aimed at the compensation of the evident reading disability in dyslexics . It is true that the contemporary use of the auditive channel somehow improves the perception of the written message , but there remains a problem ( the main problem from the learning point of view ) , that this approach does not solve : decoding contents is even more difficult to the dyslexic Text vocalization , therefore , is not a real solution , but just a palliative . The person that reads " without problems " , must read and reflect several times , accessing semantic memory ( the permanent or " long term memory " , that keeps previous knowledge ) to integrate the new information , e.g. " learning " ; to the dyslexic this integration task is troublesome , even with the " listened " to reading , because his / her working memory functions with less efficacy when it must operate on verbal representations , that require sequential processing : the real problem is text / speech processing . Sequential processing is only one of the modes with which the mind decodes information . While traditional learning modes are mainly founded on this approach , Knowledge Master maps favor using the global and synthetic modality , specially active in dyslexics . The Knowledge Master approach to concept maps ( or semantic networks / knowledge bases ) as a resource to power the learning abilities and results of the dyslexic student . Dyslexia , as said before , is also the difficulty to process verbal sequences , such as speech and the correspondent textual equivalent . The Knowledge Master approach to concept mapping has some features that enhances learning in dyslexics : maps have a graphical interface and the dyslexic thinks better in graphic mode ; the format in which information is presented is nearer to the organization of ideas and concepts in the mind ; maps are not " read " sequentially , because these are direct access structures , and therefore there ' s no need of sequential ( reading or access ) processing ; semantic ( or logic ) units are directly recognizable and analyzable ; search and analysis tools in KM facilitate accessing contents , at a cognitive level ; the Knowledge Master " active voice " describes the cognitive structure in its essence of concepts and relations , organized in simple propositions . This reduces to the minimum the need for sequential processing ; the association between the cognitive message logic ( knowledge ) , the graphic representation and the synchronic use of the auditive channel ( i.e. the synergy between logic , cognition , multimodality and multimedia ) , beside transcending the possibility of the traditional exposure to text , appeals to the strongest capacities of dyslexics , their visual capacities , and improves their perceptive abilities in general ; using the main principles of cognitive psychology , such as categorization and relevance in Knowledge Master ( it is an automatic recognition function ) , the effort to learn is reduced to the minimum ; semantic paths ( characteristic in Knowledge Master ) that represent higher order concepts , take advantage of graphic animation and vocalization as well ; question - > answer sessions ( an automatic conversion of the map cognitive structure ) enables the simplified interaction with contents to learn ( and the full dialog is vocalized ) ; these sessions become unintentional and effective drilling sessions about contents to be learned . This being a technology designed to power learning in general , without distinction of age or personal abilities , the dyslexic is not isolated or differentiated from his / her schoolmates : this technology can also become a school social integration tool , without evidencing " diversity " . Generic productivity tools specially useful for dyslexics : : Learning disabilities : : Introduction : Learning disabilities Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity ( ADD - H ) Phonetic search : a resource for dyslexics and for language learning : : Insight : : Learning and dyslexia : : : Experimentation : : The experience in Rome , 2004 The autistic student and learning : experience also accomplished with autism Experimentation in 2006 : Knowledge Master has been formally experimented with dyslexics | [
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http://knowledgenuts.com/2013/12/08/the-difference-between-seaweed-and-kelp/ | The Difference Between Seaweed And Kelp by M . Admin | Dec 8 , 2013 “ I am never , ever going to make things easy for you , Seaweed Brain . Get used to it . ” — Rick Riordan , The Last Olympian In A Nutshell Seaweed is a very , very broad term that is used to describe the many marine plants and algae that live in the world ’ s waters . Kelp is actually a subgroup of seaweed and is also the largest form of seaweed . Seaweeds range in size from the microscopic to the massive , while kelp are so large and complex that they form massive underwater forests . The Whole Bushel Seaweeds do have some very specific characteristics . Whether they ’ re microscopic organisms of massive of structures many , many feet long , seaweeds do n ’ t have the same internal structures that land - dwelling plants have . Seaweeds may or may not have roots , but when they do these roots ( called “ holdfasts ” ) are solely to anchor the plant to an underwater surface rather than to absorb any nutrients . Seaweeds absorb their nutrients through their leaf - like tissues . Those without holdfasts simply float ; a single type of seaweed Kelp is one of those types . Among the largest types of seaweed , what makes them unique is their tendency to grow in large , thick kelp forests that can be home to hundreds of different species of marine life . Some small seaweeds are n ’ t anchored to anything , and live suspended and floating in the water ; but kelp anchors itself in one spot , forming these massive underwater forests that create ecosystems all their own . Kelp forests are home — and food — to countless species of fish and marine animals like seals Seaweed is broken down into three different types — red , green , and brown ; their different colors reflect the different type of light they will readily absorb for photosynthesis , which in turns dictates how deep or how close to the surface they generally grow . Officially , kelp is considered a brown seaweed , despite its variance between browns , reddish - greens , and purplish - brown . Seaweed can grow in any type of marine environment , from the largest saltwater oceans to the smallest freshwater lakes and the narrowest of rivers . Kelp is found in saltwater , usually along rocky coastlines that provide a place for the kelp strands ’ holdfasts to anchor itself . Because they are so large and require more nutrients than smaller seaweeds , kelp require nutrient - rich waters with at least a moderate amount of movement to ensure the continuous supply of nutrients . There are different varieties of kelp . Bull kelp grows along coastal fronts around the world , and in some places a single strand of bull kelp can live for 10 years and reach a length of almost 45 meters ( 150 ft ) . Bladder kelp can be even larger , with strands reaching 50 meters ( 165 ft ) in length and weighing hundreds of pounds . Other types of kelp tend to be much smaller — common kelp and Asian kelp average between 1 – 2 meters ( roughly 3 – 6 ft ) . Many types of seaweeds , including kelp , have long been a dietary staple . They have been a major food source in Japan , and more recently their true nutritional value has become more well - known . Types of seaweed have been found to contain cancer - fighting and anti - microbial agents , and can also have anti - inflammatory properties . Some types have practical uses , too ; strands of kelp are so strong and so durable that they have been traditionally used as materials to make everything from bags for food storage to canoes Show Me The Proof NOAA : What is seaweed ? Capital Regional District : What is kelp ? Encyclopedia of New Zealand : Story — Seaweed | [
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http://knowyourmeme.com/forums/general/topics/41347-is-the-minority-recasting-of-traditionally-white-characters-cultural-appropriation | Home Memes Confirmed Submissions Researching Newsworthy Popular Deadpool All Submit an Entry Categories Cultures Events Memes People Sites Subcultures News Images Videos Trending Most Commented Most Favorited Most Liked Most Viewed All Upload a Video Forums Discussion General Meme Research Serious Debate Q & A Media Video Games Moving Images Books & Comics Music Websites Fun ! Creative Forum Games Just For Fun Riff - Raff Memeory Lane Maintenance Report Problems Announcements Suggest Ideas Blog Interviews In the Media White Papers Episode Notes Behind the Scenes Meme Review Episodes Forums Discussion General 210,062 total conversations in 7,145 threads + New Thread Like us on Facebook ! Is the minority recasting of traditionally white characters cultural appropriation ? Last posted Jan 13 , 2016 at 03 : 34PM EST Added Jan 12 , 2016 at 03 : 02PM EST 52 posts from 21 users 903 + Post a Reply Previous 1 2 Next lisalombs Banned + 0 Edit Delete We ’ ve seen it before , the Fantastic Four , Annie , and now Nancy Drew reworked , recast , and brought back to the big screen / television supposedly made much more suitable for a minority audience . CBS does n ’ t even know who they ’ ll cast as Nancy Drew yet , only that she will definitely “ not be Caucasian ” . White Jews in Hollywood seem to believe this is how to market to not - white people , as opposed to creating minority characters / stories which exist on their own merits as originals . We heard a lot about cultural appropriation and racism in 2015 but no one really addressed the topic of white cultural appropriation . Are white traditions and stories there to be manipulated and conveniently changed by whichever Hollywood director feels like targeting minority audiences ’ money ? Or is it totally irrelevant , the next live action Pocahontas could be a white girl to a blasian John Smith because the race of the characters is dependent on the target audience ? Jan 12 , 2016 at 03 : 02PM EST DCS WORLD Deactivated + 1 Edit Delete “ Is the minority recasting of traditionally white characters cultural appropriation ? ” nope . Jan 12 , 2016 at 03 : 04PM EST a real penis in the ass Sleuth & Scrapbooker & Pundit 3 lololol no But it ’ s still totally stupid since nowhere in real life is the majority of people going to be a minority , hence the term MINORITY Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 02PM EST Quote Wisehowl Deactivated 3 In the case of more “ western ” stories I would n ’ t call it cultural appropriation so much as a vain attempt to come off as “ progressive ” at the worst ( see female Thor comic ) though I recognize that some attempts are purely out of letting the best actor have the role ( see Idris Elba as James Bond ) . I think it ’ s just a matter of the motivation and priorities of the director / writer / producers . If their intent is to let their strong actor / actress play the part I see no harm in it . If their intent is purely to cater to a demographic then I ’ d call it slimy , be it whitewashing for mass appeal or making a minority for “ diversity points ” . Side note : some quotes from the article that caught my eye … “ [ She will ] not [ be ] Caucasian , ” he stressed . “ I ’ d be open to any ethnicity . ” Any ethnicity except Caucasian apparently . Now in her 30s , Nancy is a detective for the NYPD where she investigates and solves crimes using her uncanny observational skills , all while navigating the complexities of life in a modern world . Yay another modern procedural cop drama . Market ’ s totally not over - saturated with those . Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 02PM EST Chewybunny Pundit 0 lisalombs wrote : We ’ ve seen it before , the Fantastic Four , Annie , and now Nancy Drew reworked , recast , and brought back to the big screen / television supposedly made much more suitable for a minority audience . CBS does n ’ t even know who they ’ ll cast as Nancy Drew yet , only that she will definitely “ not be Caucasian ” . White Jews in Hollywood seem to believe this is how to market to not - white people , as opposed to creating minority characters / stories which exist on their own merits as originals . We heard a lot about cultural appropriation and racism in 2015 but no one really addressed the topic of white cultural appropriation . Are white traditions and stories there to be manipulated and conveniently changed by whichever Hollywood director feels like targeting minority audiences ’ money ? Or is it totally irrelevant , the next live action Pocahontas could be a white girl to a blasian John Smith because the race of the characters is dependent on the target audience ? the “ White Jews ” in Hollywood are doing what a good chunk of other Producers / Directors heads of Hollywood who are not Jewish are doing . That is , they are making money . They see where the wind blows in our society , they see that cartoons , movies , show that are far more diverse in gender , and race are received very well by the audience , which in turn gives impetus to increase this . There may be individuals who are also supporters of this , from personal beliefs , or what not , To a lot of Hollywood executives , White or not , jewish , christian , or atheist , your national cultures , your ethnical beliefs , are utterly meaningless and open to exploitation for the greater dollar bill . It ’ s why there has been such a huge wave of 80s and 90s nostalgia remakes because they sell , even IF they decide to butcher the original stories or canons . The fact of the matter is , if they made Snow White Asian , it is n ’ t because of a political agenda . It ’ s because they want to market to a broader Asian market . And IN FACT , the next Star Wars is going to include some Chinese actors precisely because they want to market Star Wars to the large Chinese market . This is the result of globalization , and the desire to market and appeal to the world . I know from an outsider perspective , it ’ s hard to see whether Hollywood is creating or reacting the media narrative . From living in this town for nearly 20 years now and having some pretty interesting insider connections i can say it ’ s mostly a reaction over creation . What little creation is pushed , usually falls into the ‘ indie ’ scene – unless you got some major MAJOR director or executive wanting to push it … in which case most studios capitulate to keep the director from walking out on them for next projects . Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 09PM EST Quote Chewybunny Pundit a real penis in the ass wrote : lololol no But it ’ s still totally stupid since nowhere in real life is the majority of people going to be a minority , hence the term MINORITY I am assuming you mean in the context of the US . In places like California , white people are no longer the majority . Because of Globalization , Hollywood wants to appeal to a greater market , and in that arena , white people are massive minority . Do n ’ t be surprised in seeing a lot more Asian actors , or Asian - themed movies coming out soon either . Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 10PM EST I would also like to point out that you ’ ve brought up characters that are both based on real history , and those based on the imagination of the author or artist . In the case of the former , I think it is definitely cultural appropriation when you for example make Napoleon Black , or make , as you said Pocahontas , an Asian . I also think it ’ s disengenious to the character and the story itself . However , the Fantastic Four are fictional characters , and if anything their characters represent heroic symbolism , which can be and has been adapted , and localized by various cultures through history . Saying all that , the fucking concept of Cultural Appropriation as ONLY a negative is absurd to me . It ’ s absolutely absurd that anyone can sit there and presume to predict the intent . Yeah , I can dress up and mimic for laughs a particular aspect of another Culture . But I can also dress up because I respect and want to be part of that culture , even if it ’ s temporary . Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 15PM EST a real penis in the ass Sleuth & Scrapbooker & Pundit Chewybunny wrote : I am assuming you mean in the context of the US . In places like California , white people are no longer the majority . Because of Globalization , Hollywood wants to appeal to a greater market , and in that arena , white people are massive minority . Do n ’ t be surprised in seeing a lot more Asian actors , or Asian - themed movies coming out soon either . Yeah , well , I ’ d be happy to see more people of that group in movies that actually take place in that region because that ’ s what ’ s more visible there . I live in Michigan , you usually see either black people or white people where you go so depending on the situation is what I expect . If I saw only white people in a movie about detroit that would be really something else . again I do n ’ t see your point because if white people are the minority in a specific region then they ’ re the minority … Last edited Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 23PM EST Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 22PM EST Basilius Orator No as long as they can rewrite the stories to make sense . If you are doing a movie on a black cop in 1930s , you better have some kinds of racial biases , and talk about those issues in the context of the time period . Honestly It is more of an insult to story telling when you change a character ’ s race at a specific time period and do n ’ t bother changing the story for context . Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 28PM EST 0.9999 . . . = 1 Chewybunny wrote : “ In places like California , white people are no longer the majority . ” Wrong . If you ’ ll notice , “ white alone ” accounts for 73.2 % . In other words , a majority . What is true is that “ Hispanic or Latino ” now outnumber “ white alone , not Hispanic or Latino ” by ( according to these numbers from 2014 ) 0.01 % . However , as you ’ ll notice from the footnote , “ Hispanics may be of any race , so also are included in applicable race categories ” . “ Do n ’ t be surprised in seeing a lot more Asian actors , or Asian - themed movies coming out soon either . ” “ Because of Globalization , Hollywood wants to appeal to a greater market , and in that arena , white people are massive minority . Do n ’ t be surprised in seeing a lot more Asian actors , or Asian - themed movies coming out soon either . ” So then why do n ’ t they just … oh , I do n ’ t know … come up with some original ideas ? Virtually no one cares if they invent a bunch of new stories for characters of various ethnicities and backgrounds to occupy . What people are is bugged ( most of the time , only slightly ) at this hyper - lazy attempt at being “ progressive ” by swapping out previously established white characters with non - white ones , while coming even close to doing the same thing in reverse would get you accused of being a KKK sympathizer . Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 34PM EST jarbox 2 So then why do n ’ t they just … oh , I do n ’ t know … come up with some original ideas ? Next you ’ ll be telling Hollywood writers to not shove half assed romances into absolutely everything . Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 36PM EST lisalombs Banned { They see where the wind blows in our society , they see that cartoons , movies , show that are far more diverse in gender , and race are received very well by the audience , which in turn gives impetus to increase this . } Diverse = / = going from all white to all black . Are recasted movies making money ? Did a significant amount of black people spend money on Annie ? Can you name a recast movie / show that actually succeeded ? The diverse ( mostly cartoons ) that are succeeding are brand new ideas , ie we ’ re not redrawing the Flintstones featuring black genderflux Wilma and Mexican lesbian Betty . Examples of purely recast media , as opposed to adapted stories or “ inspiration ” from a classic plot , are much fewer and less successful . Successful live action minority - centric shows tend to not be very diverse Empire is n ’ t a recast black version of some previously white show , it ’ s an original that features primarily black characters and is hugely successful among black audiences . Would it be as successful if it was more diverse ? That ’ s kinda a separate question in regards to this discussion . Is it more beneficial in terms of hard numbers from sales to make media multicultural or to target certain ethnic / cultural groups separately and adjust accordingly ? In response to the growing diverse population in first world countries , do we focus not segregate , to ignore that there are differences and expect everyone to enjoy the same things universally ? These are all questions I do n ’ t have a solid answer to . Jan 12 , 2016 at 04 : 37PM EST TheBigCon4800 now 100 % more girl Sleuth & Pundit - 1 Not at all . Cultural appropriation is using elements of another culture in a manner that does ’ nt pay tribute to it i.e being white and using AAVE . It ’ s not recasting somebody from a movie . Nor is “ whiteness ” a cultural identity . Do n ’ t get me wrong , caucasians have cultures , but whiteness as a broad term does ’ nt Jan 12 , 2016 at 05 : 35PM EST TheBigCon4800 now 100 % more girl wrote : Not at all . Cultural appropriation is using elements of another culture in a manner that does ’ nt pay tribute to it i.e being white and using AAVE . It ’ s not recasting somebody from a movie . Nor is “ whiteness ” a cultural identity . Do n ’ t get me wrong , caucasians have cultures , but whiteness as a broad term does ’ nt I disagree , is pretty regional , not racial . White people tend to pick up when it ’ s the prominent dialect , such as white people in Detroit . The problem from it comes from when people try to emulate the accent , but honestly I think that ’ s questionable too since it ’ s not rude to try to pretend to speak in other American dialects if they ’ re considered “ white ” enough . These rules make no sense lol Jan 12 , 2016 at 06 : 26PM EST { I would also like to point out that you ’ ve brought up characters that are both based on real history , and those based on the imagination of the author or artist . } Nancy Drew , for example , is n ’ t some imageless idea that exists differently depending on the reader . This is Nancy Drew as depicted by the author . Why is this image of her clearly defined identity easy to reject while the idea of black Napoleon is difficult ? { Cultural appropriation is using elements of another culture in a manner that does ’ nt pay tribute to it i.e being white and using Or being black and portraying Cinderella , a character from a European folk tale used throughout the culture ’ s history to teach European children moral lessons ? Could we take the African folk tale character Anansi and cast a white man to portray him without considering it appropriation ? Marvel , for another example , features Anansi as a character . Could we cast a white guy to play him if they include him in an upcoming Hollywood heroes film ? Fictional character , just like the Fantastic 4 , his appearance is based on an authors imagination . Jan 12 , 2016 at 06 : 32PM EST lisalombs wrote : { They see where the wind blows in our society , they see that cartoons , movies , show that are far more diverse in gender , and race are received very well by the audience , which in turn gives impetus to increase this . } Diverse = / = going from all white to all black . Are recasted movies making money ? Did a significant amount of black people spend money on Annie ? Can you name a recast movie / show that actually succeeded ? The diverse ( mostly cartoons ) that are succeeding are brand new ideas , ie we ’ re not redrawing the Flintstones featuring black genderflux Wilma and Mexican lesbian Betty . Examples of purely recast media , as opposed to adapted stories or “ inspiration ” from a classic plot , are much fewer and less successful . Successful live action minority - centric shows tend to not be very diverse Empire is n ’ t a recast black version of some previously white show , it ’ s an original that features primarily black characters and is hugely successful among black audiences . Would it be as successful if it was more diverse ? That ’ s kinda a separate question in regards to this discussion . Is it more beneficial in terms of hard numbers from sales to make media multicultural or to target certain ethnic / cultural groups separately and adjust accordingly ? In response to the growing diverse population in first world countries , do we focus not segregate , to ignore that there are differences and expect everyone to enjoy the same things universally ? These are all questions I do n ’ t have a solid answer to . I ’ m not entirely sure what films went from all white to all black . I also agree , that diversity is n ’ t going from all white to all black . Yes , some recasted movies are making some money . Annie made a 60 % return on it ’ s investment . Does n ’ t mean it was well receive , it got poor ratings as a film . Was it a massive box office success ? No , but it did make profit for the studios that made it . Movies like Frozen , which was heralded as a “ feminist ” at the very least “ progressive ” made massive money for the company , and gave impetus to Hollywood executives , to want to focus on breaking the old , and very traditional formula . Mad Max , which had the female lead have almost equal screentime , and equal importance to the film , was also praised heavily for it ’ s inclusion of a strong female lead . And , more recently , Star Wars has embraced a female lead for a Jedi , and gave You can make an argument that those films would have made the same amount if they did n ’ t diversify the cast the way they did , but because of their own strong merits . But you can not deny that having a diverse cast gave it a lot of free - press , and a lot of push in many circles . My argument with you is n ’ t on whether or not it is or is n ’ t cultural appropriation . The whole concept of cultural appropriation is vile as fuck to me . I am just merely pointing out that it is more or less a response , than a willfull social experiment , or blatant political agenda . I also take issue with having to insert “ White Jews ” that are behind Hollywood . Come on , Lisa , that ’ s an old Jews own the media canard that is utterly irrelevant to the topic . Why single them out ? Jan 12 , 2016 at 06 : 35PM EST a real penis in the ass wrote : Yeah , well , I ’ d be happy to see more people of that group in movies that actually take place in that region because that ’ s what ’ s more visible there . I live in Michigan , you usually see either black people or white people where you go so depending on the situation is what I expect . If I saw only white people in a movie about detroit that would be really something else . again I do n ’ t see your point because if white people are the minority in a specific region then they ’ re the minority … I " m sorry . It takes millions of dollars to make a movie these days . Forgive Hollywood for not localizing the movie for just your neck of the woods , brutha . Especially with global communications the way they are today . Jan 12 , 2016 at 06 : 38PM EST 0.9999 . . . = 1 wrote : “ In places like California , white people are no longer the majority . ” Wrong . If you ’ ll notice , “ white alone ” accounts for 73.2 % . In other words , a majority . What is true is that “ Hispanic or Latino ” now outnumber “ white alone , not Hispanic or Latino ” by ( according to these numbers from 2014 ) 0.01 % . However , as you ’ ll notice from the footnote , “ Hispanics may be of any race , so also are included in applicable race categories ” . “ Do n ’ t be surprised in seeing a lot more Asian actors , or Asian - themed movies coming out soon either . ” “ Because of Globalization , Hollywood wants to appeal to a greater market , and in that arena , white people are massive minority . Do n ’ t be surprised in seeing a lot more Asian actors , or Asian - themed movies coming out soon either . ” So then why do n ’ t they just … oh , I do n ’ t know … come up with some original ideas ? Virtually no one cares if they invent a bunch of new stories for characters of various ethnicities and backgrounds to occupy . What people are is bugged ( most of the time , only slightly ) at this hyper - lazy attempt at being “ progressive ” by swapping out previously established white characters with non - white ones , while coming even close to doing the same thing in reverse would get you accused of being a KKK sympathizer . “ So then why do n ’ t they just … oh , I do n ’ t know … come up with some original ideas ? ” Because original ideas are a risk . And when you ’ re dealing with an investments of upwards of a hundred million , you do n ’ t take big risks . In fact , it is precisely because of the risk factor that Hollywood does n ’ t produce many original films , and usually leaves that to the Indie film makers . You have every right int he world to be grieved by the left ’ s attempt at dehumanizing you if you even suggest something other than their hyper - PC attitude . You ’ ll find no conflict in me regarding that . If you change the character ’ s race , and race was an important aspect of the character , then yeah I can see legitimate offense . But when it is irrelevent what race that character is , or it has no bearing on them and their archetype , who gives a shit ? It ’ s like when they made Heimdall in Thor Black . I do n ’ t particularly recall that Heimdall caucasian features were in anyway an aspect of the character , so who gives a shit if they are black or white ? Jan 12 , 2016 at 06 : 44PM EST { I would also like to point out that you ’ ve brought up characters that are both based on real history , and those based on the imagination of the author or artist . } Nancy Drew , for example , is n ’ t some imageless idea that exists differently depending on the reader . This is Nancy Drew as depicted by the author . Why is this image of her clearly defined identity easy to reject while the idea of black Napoleon is difficult ? { Cultural appropriation is using elements of another culture in a manner that does ’ nt pay tribute to it i.e being white and using Or being black and portraying Cinderella , a character from a European folk tale used throughout the culture ’ s history to teach European children moral lessons ? Could we take the African folk tale character Anansi and cast a white man to portray him without considering it appropriation ? Marvel , for another example , features Anansi as a character . Could we cast a white guy to play him if they include him in an upcoming Hollywood heroes film ? Fictional character , just like the Fantastic 4 , his appearance is based on an authors imagination . Nancy Drew was an imaginary character , and although I never read any of the books , I ’ m not particularly sure if at any time her being white was somehow central to her as a character . So , if the author perceived her as a white girl back in the 1950s , but her whiteness was n ’ t a particular key element to her character , who cares ? I mean , in all honesty , why does it matter ? If they changed her gender , but not her race , why would that matter Cinderella ’ s race also had no bearing on the character . The story and the morals within the story do , and that can be universal and should be universal , and kids should be able to relate and see themselves in the character . Hell , if she had any kind of visual depiction she would probably be olive skinned , with black hair , of Mediterranean complexion , and not an Anglo - Saxon blonde blue eyed fair maiden . Regardless , race is n ’ t what defines Cinderella . Race defines Pocahontas . In fact , the diffirences in race / culture of Pocahontas and John Smith are central themes to the story , so yeah , changing Pocahontas ’ race also changes the entire context of the story and the purpose behind it . Furthermore , she is a historic figure , she actually existed . Like Napoleon . He existed . He is n ’ t a legend , nor is he made up . He existed as a real person , and as a white person . And if we WERE to make a plot around him , race would play a central element to his bearing because to deny that race was n ’ t a factor during Napoleonic France is absurd . You ca n ’ t convince an audience that a Black Napoleon existed , in a primarily White France , and any attempt to do so would be probably laughed at or poorly received . “ Could we take the African folk tale character Anansi and cast a white man to portray him without considering it appropriation ? Marvel , for another example , features Anansi as a character ” I dunno , we are about to release a film about Egyptian gods and myths starring a British - speaking white blondie : \ . When depicting mythological elements , or historic figures , I think context is what is important . You COULD make the argument , for example , that mythological figures like Gods are n ’ t defined by race , so we could cross - race them if we wanted to . But I think context matters . For example , Neil Gaiman ’ s Sandman deals alot with mythological creatures and entities . Dream himself is depicted by what the person who is looking at him sees . Same as his sister , Death . So , when Dream visits Nala , an ancient African princess she sees him as a tall black man with black stars in his I think , that may be the key element here Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 02PM EST yummines Honestly , I do n ’ t think it ’ s “ cultural appropriation ” and I do n ’ t think it ’ s a huge problem either . If they did something stupid and say remake 8 Mile but make Eminem black , then I would say it ’ s starting to become a problem . However unless their recasting makes no sense ( like say making Mulan black ) then I do n ’ t think it ’ s too big an issue . It ’ s kind of irritating on how diversity has become a selling point in movies rather than just story and directing , but at least it does n ’ t impact the movie itself much . Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 05PM EST Windy I ’ m surprised to see this thread without mention of the black Hermione “ controversy ” . Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 06PM EST Basilius Orator Windy wrote : I ’ m surprised to see this thread without mention of the black Hermione “ controversy ” . I think that has a main difference . The original creator demanded the rights to casting for all the characters in the movies , which means she canonized her gender when she cast Hermione as a white girl . I think it comes down to “ why ” they picked the woman they did for her . Was she picked because she was the best choice , or because she is black ? If they do it solely because of the race and not because they want to put a new spin on the plot , or because they think she was the best actor for the job , then it is fucking stupid and pointless . Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 17PM EST yummines wrote : Honestly , I do n ’ t think it ’ s “ cultural appropriation ” and I do n ’ t think it ’ s a huge problem either . If they did something stupid and say remake 8 Mile but make Eminem black , then I would say it ’ s starting to become a problem . However unless their recasting makes no sense ( like say making Mulan black ) then I do n ’ t think it ’ s too big an issue . It ’ s kind of irritating on how diversity has become a selling point in movies rather than just story and directing , but at least it does n ’ t impact the movie itself much . well , Eminem being white is one of the central themes of the movie . It ’ s a white man , who legitimately breaks into , what has been traditionally and culturally viewed , as the realm of black people . And what sold it was the he did it “ legit ” . So yeah , changing him to being a Black person , breaking into a traditional realm of black culture , would kind of be moot . Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 20PM EST jarbox I also take issue with having to insert “ White Jews ” that are behind Hollywood . Come on , Lisa , that ’ s an old Jews own the media canard that is utterly irrelevant to the topic . Why single them out ? The obvious and rarely answered conterargument to that is , “ Why are so many people of Jewish descent in positions of significance in the industry if they only represent a tiny fraction of the overall population ? ” As a big fan of Steven Spielberg and Mel Brooks I would not say this is a bad thing , but it is still a thing . Literally what ? Last edited Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 22PM EST Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 22PM EST ActivistZero If a character has specifically defined features , then the only time that changing the race of a character is if the actor or actress for said character is 100 % undoubtably the best man for the job ( example : Idris Elba as Hiemdall was an amazing choice since he sold the atmittingly small role , while Michael B . Jordan as Johnny Storm in the 2015 FF movie was quite frankly some of the worst acting in a comic movie since George Clooney as Batman ) . AND even then , if the story ’ s plot relies on a characters race in any way , then it should never be changed for any reason Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 53PM EST { It is a clear response to a society which demands diversity in media . } All of your examples are gender based , which is less sensitive an issue and also a completely different issue imo . You can extend a gender to all races , it ’ s not as exclusive , there are less toes to step on if you ’ re broadly talking about “ women ” instead of “ black women ” or “ white women ” or “ Latinas ” . Frozen would not have done nearly as well with an all male cast . Would it have done as well with a black female lead instead of white ? Would it be as massively popular among the majority white children and their parents who made up the ticket and toy sales ? Frozen grossed ~ 400M domestic , the Princess and the Frog was ~ 100M . Annie did n ’ t even make it to 100M . If society is demanding gender diversity , it sure does n ’ t seem to be doing the same for race . { If they changed her gender , but not her race , why would that matter ? } She was literally a feminist icon that inspired everyone from Laura Bush to Oprah Winfrey , changing her gender would probably garner a much more volatile reaction from the liberal media . So can we cast white actors if we decide to adapt books written by black authors to inspire black girls ? Say , a book about a black girl who goes through a wormhole and saves dinosaurs or some shit where race is irrelevant , can we adapt that story and make her white so the story appeals to a white audience and makes Frozen kinda money vs Princess and the Frog kinda money ? If it ’ s themes are universal , they are and should be universal , right ? { I think that is an excellent way to handle myths , in that as personifications of emotions , ideals , or concepts , they ’ re form is utterly subjective . } The Marvel character is n ’ t a myth , he ’ s a fictional character drawn by an artist ’ s mental image of a myth , which is apparently subjective anyway . Can we cast a white actor ? Yes or no , real easy question . { I dunno , we are about to release a film about Egyptian gods and myths starring a British - speaking white blondie : \ . } Well then we get into “ actors are n ’ t allowed to act across race lines , how fucking dare these Americans pretend to be British instead of casting a British actor ? ” If we go by those standards , black Annie should n ’ t have ever been made , how can we release a film about a pasty ginger New York orphan starring a black girl from the South ? ? There are too many double standards at play here . & Lionsgate apologized for “ whitewashing ” that , did n ’ t they ? ! Did we blackwash Annie or is that a white only thing ? ? & if myths are subjective then what difference does it make that the actors playing Egyptian gods are bronzed up Australians and Brits ? The logic required here is contradictory and not very logical at all . oh & { I also take issue with having to insert “ White Jews ” that are behind Hollywood . Come on , Lisa , that ’ s an old Jews own the media canard that is utterly irrelevant to the topic . Why single them out ? } yeah yeah besides it being an obviously dry remark in the first place , look up the Hollywood studio chiefs and tell me how many are n ’ t Jews , would n ’ t want to make you stretch the page with a full list of Jewish Hollywood . { However unless their recasting makes no sense ( like say making Mulan black ) } Well … . did they even try to explain this in the movie ? ? ? I did n ’ t see it lol . They ’ re biological siblings . There have been a few other questionable character conversions made recently , I think that ’ s why the topic is starting to come up again . { I ’ m surprised to see this thread without mention of the black Hermione “ controversy ” . } The author is alive to defend the decision , I do n ’ t remember there being a whole lot of controversy around it after she made her statement . It ’ s true enough that there was never official descriptors or artwork portraying Hermione as one race or the other in the original work , unlike Nancy Drew . Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 03PM EST Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 56PM EST Farm Zombie Scrapbooker & Pundit & Media Bus Boy I ’ m genuinely surprised anyone cares about this . As long as the writing is still good , why does it matter what the main character ’ s race is ? While it ’ s generally a better idea to make new characters of varying racial backgrounds , why not give black Nancy Drew a shot ? Black children read books too . Jan 12 , 2016 at 07 : 57PM EST Black children want actual representation , not recolored OCs . : | “ Do n ’ t be silly , child , there are no black detective characters , but here ’ s a Nancy Drew movie played by a black girl . Same thing . ” Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 06PM EST Snickerway Sleuth & Scrapbooker & Orator & Media Bus Boy @ Jarbox The obvious and rarely answered conterargument to that is , “ Why are so many people of Jewish descent in positions of significance in the industry if they only represent a tiny fraction of the overall population ? ” Simple . California has one of the higher populations of Jews in the states , very many of which live in Los Angeles where Hollywood is located or relatively close by in San Francisco . Hollywood has more Jews simply because more of them live in the area . @ Lisa Black children want actual representation , not recolored OCs . : | “ Do n ’ t be silly , child , there are no black detective characters , but here ’ s a Nancy Drew movie played by a black girl . Same thing . ” ( damn like 20 people ninjad me there ) To be fair , a lot of original non - white superheroes have fallen into obscurity since their creation . While some have gotten off the ground , like Cyborg and Falcon , comic book companies have still been reluctant to add in original minorities . I do agree with you , though , and I ca n ’ t say the above justifies arbitrarily changing the races of major superheroes . That ’ s just the logic the companies seem to be going by . Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 16PM EST Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 09PM EST Simple . California has one of the higher populations of Jews in the states 2 % Jewish . http : / / www . pewforum . org / religious - landscape - study / state / california / Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 14PM EST Snickerway Sleuth & Scrapbooker & Orator & Media Bus Boy jarbox wrote : Simple . California has one of the higher populations of Jews in the states 2 % Jewish . http : / / www . pewforum . org / religious - landscape - study / state / california / You do realize “ Jewish ” is referring to the ethnicity and not the religion here , right ? You can be Jewish and still have any religion . Mel Brooks , for example , identifies as Jewish ethnically rather than religiously : “ I ’ m rather secular . I ’ m basically Jewish . But I think I ’ m Jewish not because of the Jewish religion at all . I think it ’ s the relationship with the people and the pride I have . ” Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 25PM EST You do realize “ Jewish ” is referring to the ethnicity and not the religion here , right ? Conveniently , I ca n ’ t find a government study that labels Jewish as an ethnicity so I can show that you ’ re still wrong . Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 39PM EST jarbox wrote : As a big fan of Steven Spielberg and Mel Brooks I would not say this is a bad thing , but it is still a thing . Literally what ? The notion of ratio representation in any industry should be equal to population is absurd to me . You could just as well ask why are so many blacks in sports entertainment ? I do n ’ t believe it is right or necessary to accuse anyone of any racial bias or intent , because that ’ s something that is hard to prove . What IS tangible is merit . So maybe , just maybe , because of particular backgrounds that black athletes have they are more inclined to perform better as an athlete . Is it merit or However , it is a legitimate question to ask , which I do n ’ t know why anyone would shy away from , since it ’ s a fairly easy answer : Jews , as a culture , traditionally placed higher value on high education , literacy , academia , and into trades and jobs which generally create a lot of money . Because of continual historic harassment Jews were more or less forced into helping one another financially , and supporting one another as a community , allowing creating a tight - knit family culture . This maintained In the case of Hollywood , Jews essentially built the industry here , and of which many remained centrally in . And yes , like with many people there is also cultural bias when hiring , or networking , which sometimes plays a role , and is premised on a culture that I outlined above . 50 years ago you could have argued that Jews ran Hollywood , because they did . And although there are many that hold high executive levels there , today , that number has thinned in ratio , as more and more diverse groups of And if you had any experience in the Entertainment industry , networking is key , i mean , HUGE . Many MANY celebrities broke into the industry simply through having the right connections . Cultural background has a massive , MASSIVE influence on the upbringing of any individual . Jews come from a culture which forces them to do better than the previous generation to a fault . To honor the previous generation . The Jewish faith adds even a second layer of this by making it almost a spiritual necessity to contribute and enhance the world . Which is also why many Jews tend to embrace socially progressive measures , and generally support social and economic investment into alleviating poverty . Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 46PM EST The notion of ratio representation in any industry should be equal to population is absurd to me . It is absurd , but it is also absurd to say that any acknowledgement of this particular skewed ratio is some sort of crime by itself . However , it is a legitimate question to ask , which I do n ’ t know why anyone would shy away from , since it ’ s a fairly easy answer There are many who would say that asking or even thinking about that question is some fort of anti semetic bigotry . Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 49PM EST Farm Zombie Scrapbooker & Pundit & Media Bus Boy Just a little rhetorical tip : when your first post un - ironically uses the term “ White Jews in Hollywood ” you are going to have an uphill battle throughout the whole argument . Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 50PM EST You do realize “ Jewish ” is referring to the ethnicity and not the religion here , right ? Conveniently , I ca n ’ t find a government study that labels Jewish as an ethnicity so I can show that you ’ re still wrong . Trust me , the question of Who is a Jew is n ’ t an easy to answer one . In regards to American polling this is how pew does it : http : / / www . pewforum . org / 2013 / 10 / 01 / chapter - 1 - population - estimates / It divides it into self identified as religious and self identified as cultural and combines them . Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 54PM EST The notion of ratio representation in any industry should be equal to population is absurd to me . It is absurd , but it is also absurd to say that any acknowledgement of this particular skewed ratio is some sort of crime by itself . However , it is a legitimate question to ask , which I do n ’ t know why anyone would shy away from , since it ’ s a fairly easy answer There are many who would say that asking or even thinking about that question is some fort of anti semetic bigotry . You ’ re right , it is a shame . It is a shame that those people have to resort to that level of sensitivity , and it ’ s also a shame that the ugly head of anti - Semitism rises it ’ s head in some of the most covert ways , with so many aspects , that it creates hate out of simple questions . I strive to believe that the intent of such questions does n ’ t come from hate , but from trying to understand why it is . Jan 12 , 2016 at 08 : 57PM EST { It is a clear response to a society which demands diversity in media . } All of your examples are gender based , which is less sensitive an issue and also a completely different issue imo . You can extend a gender to all races , it ’ s not as exclusive , there are less toes to step on if you ’ re broadly talking about “ women ” instead of “ black women ” or “ white women ” or “ Latinas ” . Frozen would not have done nearly as well with an all male cast . Would it have done as well with a black female lead instead of white ? Would it be as massively popular among the majority white children and their parents who made up the ticket and toy sales ? Frozen grossed ~ 400M domestic , the Princess and the Frog was ~ 100M . Annie did n ’ t even make it to 100M . If society is demanding gender diversity , it sure does n ’ t seem to be doing the same for race . { If they changed her gender , but not her race , why would that matter ? } She was literally a feminist icon that inspired everyone from Laura Bush to Oprah Winfrey , changing her gender would probably garner a much more volatile reaction from the liberal media . So can we cast white actors if we decide to adapt books written by black authors to inspire black girls ? Say , a book about a black girl who goes through a wormhole and saves dinosaurs or some shit where race is irrelevant , can we adapt that story and make her white so the story appeals to a white audience and makes Frozen kinda money vs Princess and the Frog kinda money ? If it ’ s themes are universal , they are and should be universal , right ? { I think that is an excellent way to handle myths , in that as personifications of emotions , ideals , or concepts , they ’ re form is utterly subjective . } The Marvel character is n ’ t a myth , he ’ s a fictional character drawn by an artist ’ s mental image of a myth , which is apparently subjective anyway . Can we cast a white actor ? Yes or no , real easy question . { I dunno , we are about to release a film about Egyptian gods and myths starring a British - speaking white blondie : \ . } Well then we get into “ actors are n ’ t allowed to act across race lines , how fucking dare these Americans pretend to be British instead of casting a British actor ? ” If we go by those standards , black Annie should n ’ t have ever been made , how can we release a film about a pasty ginger New York orphan starring a black girl from the South ? ? There are too many double standards at play here . & Lionsgate apologized for “ whitewashing ” that , did n ’ t they ? ! Did we blackwash Annie or is that a white only thing ? ? & if myths are subjective then what difference does it make that the actors playing Egyptian gods are bronzed up Australians and Brits ? The logic required here is contradictory and not very logical at all . oh & { I also take issue with having to insert “ White Jews ” that are behind Hollywood . Come on , Lisa , that ’ s an old Jews own the media canard that is utterly irrelevant to the topic . Why single them out ? } yeah yeah besides it being an obviously dry remark in the first place , look up the Hollywood studio chiefs and tell me how many are n ’ t Jews , would n ’ t want to make you stretch the page with a full list of Jewish Hollywood . { However unless their recasting makes no sense ( like say making Mulan black ) } Well … . did they even try to explain this in the movie ? ? ? I did n ’ t see it lol . They ’ re biological siblings . There have been a few other questionable character conversions made recently , I think that ’ s why the topic is starting to come up again . { I ’ m surprised to see this thread without mention of the black Hermione “ controversy ” . } The author is alive to defend the decision , I do n ’ t remember there being a whole lot of controversy around it after she made her statement . It ’ s true enough that there was never official descriptors or artwork portraying Hermione as one race or the other in the original work , unlike Nancy Drew . You ’ re absolutely right . I was giving this question a lot of thought , and it dawned on me . I was breaking a fundamental rule I had when dealing with these stupid social concepts . When it comes down to it , cultural appropriation is a concept devised by a group of social scientists in their academic white towers , throwing out un - testable theories without ever needing the fear of opposition . And when even held to the task of seeing if their little studies and conclusions can be repeated in the lab , one study found that only half of them actually do . The fact that we are debating this , proposing one thing and then cancelling it out with “ but , then if … ” . We are striving hard to find a clear , simple , and universal definition for a concept that by it ’ s very nature is utterly subjective . If there was an answer , of what is an is n ’ t cultural appropriation , it ’ s context , or intent . Intent is utterly subjective , and context is often debatable . So really , the conclusion is : I have no fucking clue what is and is n ’ t cultural appropriation , nor do I really think anyone else does either . In terms of the Jewish remark : I have no qualms about the number of Jewish executives . To me , your phrasing it implied that only Jewish executives are behind this , and the other executives are not , which in turn implies some sort of nefarious agenda on behalf of the Jew . I did n ’ t think you ’ d mean it with any kind of realistic hate , but I just was n ’ t 100 % sure . Jan 12 , 2016 at 09 : 07PM EST { Just a little rhetorical tip : when your first post un - ironically uses the term “ White Jews in Hollywood ” you are going to have an uphill battle throughout the whole argument . } idk about ironic , but how about obvious dry sarcasm that ’ s true anyway ? Directors - Annie 2014 : Will Gluck , Jew Fantastic 4 feat . black Johnny Storm : Josh Trank , Jew CBS ’ Supergirl feat . black Jimmy Olsen : three Jews ( two gay Jews ) , Greg Berlanti , Allison Adler , Andrew Kreisberg The Flash feat . black Iris West : those same two Jews , Greg Berlanti , Andrew Kreisberg All of the recasts are directed by … … . white Hollywood Jews . { To me , your phrasing it implied that only Jewish executives are behind this , and the other executives are not , which in turn implies some sort of nefarious agenda on behalf of the Jew . } ya read a hell of a lot more into it than I did writing it . It was just a quip . It does n ’ t really make that much of a difference who ’ s behind it , cheeky remarks about Jews aside , but it does make more sense that “ recolors ” are done by white guys who think this is a perfectly acceptable form of minority representation ( I am a firm believer in the importance of representation for childhood self - esteem / etc ) while the original minority - centric shows have actual black people at high level positions ( but even still there ’ s a Jew behind Empire too ) . Jan 12 , 2016 at 09 : 17PM EST Jan 12 , 2016 at 09 : 11PM EST Their Judaism has nothing to do with the topic . By bringing it up , you obscure the point of the thread and make it more likely to be derailed . More importantly , the “ Jews control Hollywood ” meme is closely associated with bigots and crackpots . Slipping it into your post makes you look bad and lessens your credibility . Jan 12 , 2016 at 09 : 16PM EST bruh I literally said it in reference to the crackpots . You , with admitted awareness of the memeity of the phrase , should have been able to pick up on the tone I used , where White Jews in Hollywood is a cheeky catch - all for “ the elites in Hollywood who make all of these poor decisions in regards to recasting movies instead of creating originals ” . I guess I should have said the majority white Jews in Hollywood along with the other non - Jew white directors in Hollywood and the occasional black guy and maybe an Asian although you ’ re more likely to find an Arab these days seem to believe this is how to market to non - white people so nobody got confused , my b . Jan 12 , 2016 at 09 : 22PM EST It did n ’ t come across as a joke . It sounded more like a weird tone change . Go to a place of even remotely polite conversation and try telling a Jew joke . Expect your reputation to drop immediately . Jan 12 , 2016 at 09 : 29PM EST It was n ’ t a joke , it was a tone change … ffs . Are you a Jew ? Have I offended you in some way ? Please get over it . You ’ re dragging this out unnecessarily . Pulling a Jarbsy . Jan 12 , 2016 at 09 : 32PM EST { Just a little rhetorical tip : when your first post un - ironically uses the term “ White Jews in Hollywood ” you are going to have an uphill battle throughout the whole argument . } idk about ironic , but how about obvious dry sarcasm that ’ s true anyway ? Directors - Annie 2014 : Will Gluck , Jew Fantastic 4 feat . black Johnny Storm : Josh Trank , Jew CBS ’ Supergirl feat . black Jimmy Olsen : three Jews ( two gay Jews ) , Greg Berlanti , Allison Adler , Andrew Kreisberg The Flash feat . black Iris West : those same two Jews , Greg Berlanti , Andrew Kreisberg All of the recasts are directed by … … . white Hollywood Jews . { To me , your phrasing it implied that only Jewish executives are behind this , and the other executives are not , which in turn implies some sort of nefarious agenda on behalf of the Jew . } ya read a hell of a lot more into it than I did writing it . It was just a quip . It does n ’ t really make that much of a difference who ’ s behind it , cheeky remarks about Jews aside , but it does make more sense that “ recolors ” are done by white guys who think this is a perfectly acceptable form of minority representation ( I am a firm believer in the importance of representation for childhood self - esteem / etc ) while the original minority - centric shows have actual black people at high level positions ( but even still there ’ s a Jew behind Empire too ) . Marc Webb - Spider Man 2 recasts Jamie Foxx is Electro . Tim Story – Fantastic Four – Sue Storm played by a Latina Jessica Alba Kenneth Branagh – Thor , with a Black Heimdall non of them Jews . My problem is I do n ’ t particularly read many comics so to me finding a comic book character who is black but is suppose to be white , is no big deal . So my ignorance has a role to play in it . Regardless , now that I know the context of what you said , yeah no offense taken . Jan 12 , 2016 at 09 : 43PM EST Jan 12 , 2016 at 09 : 42PM EST Mangy Black Sheep Jr . Researcher & Archivist & Orator & Media Chauffeur Are re - adaptations of older works of fictions cultural appropriation ? No . Jan 12 , 2016 at 10 : 10PM EST LesserAngel Is it cultural appropriation ? Not really … But I think there ’ s definitely a double standard in how pissed some people get when a black character becomes white as opposed to white to black . It ’ s that kind of BS that annoys me . Jan 12 , 2016 at 10 : 24PM EST Jan 12 , 2016 at 10 : 21PM EST @ Lisa “ { I ’ m surprised to see this thread without mention of the black Hermione “ controversy ” . } The author is alive to defend the decision , I do n ’ t remember there being a whole lot of controversy around it after she made her statement . It ’ s true enough that there was never official descriptors or artwork portraying Hermione as one race or the other in the original work , unlike Nancy Drew . " Actually as I said earlier the woman who created the series , had full control over the casting for the movies . She may have not added any identifying characteristics in the book but when she was picking the actors for the movies , she did decide the canon appearance and race of Hermione . She still gave her blessing but I think the actor should be judged on their acting , if they can act and do really well , then race does n ’ t matter in this case , if she is terrible then they likely picked her solely because she is black . Which would be wrong . Colonel Sandor Political Analyst If it ’ s not a big deal what race Nancy Drew is , why did feel the need to announce the character wo n ’ t be Caucasian ? Because wants to make it a big deal … . by trying to stir up controversy and word of mouth ? Almost certainly . by trying to prove it supports diversity ? Probably by trying to be edgy ? Perhaps . because it thinks that move makes sense for its target demographics ? Maybe . is trying to pull a stunt , and it ’ s using race to do so . Whether you agree with OPs point or not , that should make you question whether this is really something to support . I get the point . If a network or movie studio announced an established , non - white fictional character was going to be recast as a white character the SJW juggernaut would pull out their social media soapboxes and whine a 140 characters at a time until the media entity folded . If the same is done to a Caucasian character , the SJWs will likely applaud the move as enlightened . By definition that is a double - standard ; whether you think it ’ s unimportant or not and whether you support it or not does n ’ t change that fact . The problem is I ca n ’ t think of a popular , long - established fictional protagonist such as Nancy Drew , that is n ’ t Caucasian and is n ’ t tainted by outdated concepts of race . ( At least nothing designed for anything older than toddlers ) . So I accept the premise the fictional world needs more diversity , but with certain caveats . First , it should n ’ t be done cynically or as a gimmick ( see above ) . I fail to see how a young adult detective series , particularly one with a tone and style faithful to source material such as Nancy Drew , is going to explore or advance racial issues in a substantial manner . Secondly and more important to the argument in the thread , it should n ’ t involve recasting an existing character . Why ? Because taking an existing character and recasting him or her as another race is lazy , on both literal and symbolic levels . We ’ re supposed to believe that Hollywood consists of the most creative people in the world , so why do these people seem incapable of coming up with something ORIGINAL . Would it really be that hard to make up a new young adult detective series without drawing on Nancy Drew ? Goodreads has a list of 200 YA books with minority protagonists ; is there not one among those could adapt into a series ? Something brand new , or at least untapped , would side - step the whole issue of race for race ’ s sake . could even rip off the entire premise of Nancy Drew and simply rename the main character . On a symbolic level , what does this announcement really achieve ? The days when casting a minority lead was a major social advancement are long past . The fact that feels it needs to wrap its minority detective series in the Nancy Drew name makes me suspect the network a ) does n ’ t feel confident in the sustainability an original minority - lead series , an opinion which might be racist in its own right and at the very least undercuts the demographic argument or b ) is making the move to be provocative or controversial , in which case is using the issue of race in a cynical and divisive manner or c ) is acting out of some combination of both a ) and b ) . In short is using race as a publicity stunt , exactly as Disney recently used feminism as a publicity stunt in the whole # wheresrey non - troversy . People genuinely interested in such causes should be more critical of corporations and organizations which are manipulating the issues to self - promote . Such actions are sanctimonious and do nothing to make substantial contributions to the issues . Jan 13 , 2016 at 02 : 07AM EST Jan 13 , 2016 at 01 : 59AM EST Spider - Byte Comicologist Nice Googling . Anasi is n ’ t even in the main universe . He appears in literally 3 issues of a shitty Spider - Man event in which all the Spider - Men and Spider - Women take on some shitty clan of time vampires . Ignoring that , I ’ m in the camp of I just do n ’ t care if a white character is black or vice versa , unless their racial identity is essential to the character , or if you want an accurate re - telling . For an obvious example , Kunta Kinte really ca n ’ t be white because his story is that of an African slave . Right from the get go we knew Fant4stic was going to suck was a lot different from the Jack Kirby story , and did n ’ t resemble any run of a Fantastic 4 comic outside bearing similarities to the Ultimate universe . That ’ s why I did n ’ t care . If im honest I would prefer not racebending either way , but its not a big enough deal to me . P.S they did explain Sue is adopted and they are n ’ t biologically related . Jan 13 , 2016 at 07 : 05AM EST Jan 13 , 2016 at 07 : 04AM EST TripleA9000 Music Maven I believe in making my mind up across the board . In much the same that I do n ’ t think it ’ s a big deal in gods of Egypt I do n ’ t think it ’ s a big deal if they do white to black . If the movie is n ’ t aiming for historical accuracy then who cares ? Jan 13 , 2016 at 08 : 55AM EST Previous Next Post a Reply Site Rules This thread is closed to new posts . Old threads normally auto - close after 30 days of inactivity . Why do n ' t you start a new thread instead ? No thanks , take me back to the meme zone ! | [
"minority recasting",
"white characters",
"cultural appropriation"
] |
http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/10-guy | 112 [ 10 ] Guy 2,827,519 4 236 49 Part of a series on Marijuana / Stoner [ View Related Entries ] Updated 8 months ago by Brad Kim Added 7 years ago by David the Dank PROTIP : Press ' i ' to view the image gallery ' v ' to view the video gallery , or ' r ' to view a random entry . Meme Status Confirmed Type : Image Macro Year 2011 Origin Reddit Tags stoned drugs high trees weed 10 stoner marijuana [ 10 ] cannibus stoner stanley 420 stoner humor marilize legajuana 10 guy 10guy advice animal About [ 10 ] Guy ( also known as " Really High Guy " and " Stoner Stanley " ) is an advice animal image macro series featuring a photo of a young man who appears to be under the influence of marijuana . The captions typically portray stereotypical stoner behavior , similar to Stoner Dog , such as giving invalid answers to misunderstood questions and craving junk food . Origin On November 25th , 2011 , Redditor randomdave posted a photo of a red - faced young man ( below left ) to the marijuana enthusiast r / trees subreddit titled " Being at a [ 10 ] is not always pretty . " [ 10 ] The same day , the picture was submitted by redditor Ahahaha__10 with the caption " Texts the person next to them / ' I want hopsital ' " ( below right ) in a post titled " The happened to a friend of mine on his first ever bong rip . " [ 1 ] Etymology of [ 10 ] The name is derived from the scoring system used by members of the r / trees [ 16 ] subreddit , also known as “ ents ” , that indicates the relative level of intoxication with [ 1 ] being the lowest and [ 10 ] being the highest . Spread Shortly after Redditor Ahahaha__10 submitted the first image macro , Redditor vivalocaaa created a Quickmeme [ 3 ] page using the photo called " [ 10 ] Guy . " On November 30th , 2011 , a post titled " 10 Guy ordering a cheeseburger " reached the front page of Reddit , accumulating over 3,000 up votes within 6 days . On December 2nd , compilations of " Really High Guy " examples were posted to the Body Building [ 6 ] forums and the Internet humor site BuzzFeed [ 7 ] On December 5th , a slideshow of [ 10 ] Guy image macros was posted to the media hosting site Sharenator [ 8 ] titled " High High Schooler . " On March 31st , 2012 , additional photos of [ 10 ] Guy surfaced on the " Stoner Comics " [ 12 ] Tumblr blog . On April 6th , 2012 , several examples were posted to the Internet humor site Ebaumsworld [ 11 ] by user yzman87 . The meme continued to spread on sites like FunnyJunk [ 13 ] , Memebase [ 15 ] and Tumblr under the tags " 10 guy " [ 4 ] and " really high guy . " [ 9 ] As of April 20th , 2012 , the Quickmeme page has over 10,400 submissions and a Facebook [ 14 ] page for " 10 Guy " has 133 likes . Notable Examples Derivatives [ 10 ] Keanu The face of [ 10 ] Guy has been photoshopped into the Conspiracy Keanu template . 10 Koala On April 29th , 2012 , Redditor theofficialtevo submitted an image macro to the / r / trees [ 21 ] subreddit , which featured [ 10 ] Guy with the caption " Dude . You ' re a koala " followed by a photograph of a similar - looking koala with the caption " when ? " ( shown below , left ) . Prior to being archived , the post received over 1,900 up votes and 70 comments . On May 9th , Redditor grantly0711 submitted an image macro using the same setup to the / r / AdviceAnimals [ 22 ] subreddit , which featured the caption " Dude . Eucalyptus . / I can lick what ? " ( shown below , right ) . The post accumulated 467 up votes but only 7 comments before it was archived . 10 Dog On February 1st , 2013 , Redditor hairy_potter submitted an image post to the / r / funny [ 17 ] subreddit , featuring a photograph of his dog under the influence of anesthetic after a surgery ( shown below , left ) . The post received over 47,900 up votes and 830 comments prior to being archived , as well as several image macros portraying the dog as a stereotypical stoner ( shown below , middle ) , similar to the character of Stoner Dog . The same day , Redditor Kuonji submitted a post titled “ 10 Dog at the park ” to the / r / AdviceAnimals [ 18 ] subreddit , featuring an image macro of the dog photo with the caption “ A squirrel is just / a tennis ball thrown by God ” ( shown below , right ) , which received more than 9,300 up votes and 60 comments within the first week . In the following days , more than 150 instances of Dog image macros were submitted to the / r / AdviceAnimals subreddit and at least 200 instances can be found on the Quickmeme [ 19 ] page for Dog . On February 5th , UpRoxx [ 20 ] published a slideshow post featuring notable examples from the series . Search Interest Search query volume for " 10 guy " rose in November of 2011 , the same month the images began circulating on Reddit . External References [ 1 ] Reddit – The happened to a friend of mine on his first ever bong rip [ 2 ] Reddit – 10 Guy returns , with food on his smoked out mind [ 3 ] Quickmeme – 10 Guy [ 4 ] Tumblr – 10 Guy [ 5 ] 10 Guy ordering a cheeseburger [ 6 ] Body Building Forum – Really High Guy Meme [ 7 ] BuzzFeed – Best Of The Really High Guy Meme [ 8 ] Sharenator – High High Schooler [ 9 ] Tumblr – really high guy Being at a is not always pretty [ 11 ] Ebaumsworld – [ 12 ] [ 13 ] FunnyJunk – 10 guy = [ 14 ] Facebook – [ 15 ] Memebase – high [ 16 ] / r / trees [ 17 ] My dog just got out of surgery [ 18 ] 10 Dog at the Park [ 19 ] Quickmeme – 10 Dog [ 20 ] UpRoxx – 10 Dog is the newest addtion to the stoner dog pantheon [ 21 ] Dude , you ' re a koala [ 22 ] 10 guy and his koala return Facebook Comments Top Comments Maria Nunez 6 years ago I ' m starting to think we should legalize marijuana exclusively for the purpose of entertaining sober people . + 53 Reply Snarky Absent - Minded Guy 7 years ago + 37 Reply + Add a Comment Comments 49 total + Add a Comment | [
"Really High Guy",
"animal image macro series",
"marijuana"
] |
http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/darude-sandstorm | 65 Darude - Sandstorm 1,901,855 71 25 291 Updated about a month ago by andcallmeshirley Added 5 years ago by Alex Mercer PROTIP : Press ' i ' to view the image gallery ' v ' to view the video gallery , or ' r ' to view a random entry . Meme Status Confirmed Type : Song Year 1999 Origin Twitch Tags bait trolling twitch kappa music 90s techno electronica mlg sandstorm by darude Additional References Reddit Urban Dictionary Wikipedia About " Sandstorm " is a 1999 trance techno song by the Finnish electronic music producer Darude . Upon its release , the song instantly gained mainstream recognition and continues to remain relevant as a pre - game " pump - up " track before sporting events and background music for a wide range of videos hosted online , most notably during live - streamed sessions of the multiplayer arena game League of Legends ( LoL ) on Twitch . As a trolling practice , various songs are often falsely identified as " Darude – Sandstorm " within comment sections on Twitch and YouTube . Origin " Sandstorm " was released in Finland on November 15th , 1999 , by 16 Inch Records [ 6 ] . In 2000 , Darude released a music video for the track in which he is shown wearing headphones while witnessing two people chase a woman carrying a mysterious case ( shown below ) . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Spread On June 21st , 2007 , YouTuber GameStream uploaded a video featuring Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare gameplay footage with " Sandstorm " playing in the background . In eight years , the video gained over four million views and 7,600 comments . On January 1st , 2009 , YouTuber fireandice uploaded a video of a man playing " Sandstorm " on a toy trumpet ( shown below , right ) . On November 8th , Redditor infobrains submitted a reupload of the video to the / r / WTF [ 5 ] subreddit , where it garnered upwards of 900 up votes and 80 comments prior to being archived . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . On June 12th , 2013 , Redditor amnbassist submitted a screenshot of a " Sandstorm " lyrics page from the Pandora music app to the / r / funny [ 3 ] subreddit . Prior to being archived , the post accumulated more than 1,100 up votes and 15 comments . On July 24th , the LCS Highlights YouTube channel uploaded a LoL gameplay video in which player TheOddOne completes a quadra kill while listening to " Sandstorm " ( shown below ) . The same day , the video was submitted to the / r / leagueoflegends [ 4 ] subreddit where it gained over 1,900 upvotes and 200 comments . Afterward , users on the video streaming service Twitch and YouTube began falsely identifying any background music as " ' Darude – Sandstorm " , similar to the anime recommend trolling Boku No Pico On November 22nd , Urban Dictionary [ 7 ] user Faker - senpai submitted an entry for " Darude – Sandstorm , " citing TheOddOne ' s stream as the origin of the meme on Twitch . On November 25th , Redditor Orion66 reposted the toy trumpet " Sandstorm " video to the / r / videos [ 2 ] subreddit , where it gathered upwards of 4,500 up votes and 240 comments in the first three months . Darude ' s Response On January 15th , 2015 , the electronic music news blog InTheMix [ 8 ] published an interview with Darude , in which he was asked about the online resurgence in popularity of " Sandstorm . " Darude responded by noting he had seen the song being mentioned on League of Legends discussion boards and that he was " weirded out by it at first . " InTheMix : " There ’ s obviously been a resurgence of interest due to internet phenomena ; when did you start to see that happen ? " Darude : " It ’ s a thing , wherever I go and play somewhere , it ’ s usually requested , or the promoter asks if I ’ m going to play Sandstorm . I understand that people do come to my shows because that ’ s what they know best . I ’ ve seen the chatter on these boards for games like League Of Legends , and gamers are a lot of the reason there has been this renewed interest . I do n ’ t know when it started , but seeing it online where someone asks “ song name ? ” and now somebody always replies “ Darude – ‘ Sandstorm ’ ” or all these variations , I see it all over my YouTube pages . I was weirded out by it at first , I did n ’ t understand what was going on . It was strange . Now I ’ ve actually played a couple of gamer conferences , all related to that kind of stuff . I ’ m cool with that , I meme , it works for me . " Notable Examples Search Interest External References [ 1 ] YouTube – Sandstorm on tub tunes trumpet [ 2 ] Reddit – Guy Plays Sandstorm on Toy Trumpet [ 3 ] Reddit – I wasnt aware Sandstorm had lyrics [ 4 ] TheOddOne Renekton Quadra Kill powered by Darude Sandstorm [ 5 ] Darudes Sandstorm played on toy trumpet [ 6 ] Wikipedia – Sandstorm [ 7 ] Urban Dictionary – Darude – Sandstorm [ 8 ] In the Mix via Wayback Machine – Darude on life as a meme Facebook Comments Top Comments mike08 4 years ago People on YouTube recently started trolling others with this when they ask " what song is this " + 162 Reply Weeaboo God 4 years ago “ What anime is this ? " Darudesu no Sandstorme + 85 Reply + Add a Comment Comments 291 total + Add a Comment | [
"Sandstorm",
"techno song",
"Darude"
] |
http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/han-shot-first | 9 Han Shot First 84,422 5 25 18 Part of a series on Star Wars [ View Related Entries ] Updated 5 years ago by neet Added 5 years ago by neet PROTIP : Press ' i ' to view the image gallery ' v ' to view the video gallery , or ' r ' to view a random entry . This submission is currently being researched & evaluated ! You can help confirm this entry by contributing facts , media , and other evidence of notability and mutation . Meme Status Submission Year 1997 Origin Unknown Tags star wars george lucas han solo Additional References Urban Dictionary Wikipedia About Han Shot First is a notable phrase used by fans of the Star Wars franchise to state their opinion in a scene in Episode IV : A New Hope , in which one of the main characters , Han Solo , is in a standoff with the bounty hunter Greedo . In the original 1977 version of the film , Han is the only one that fires a shot , whereas the 1997 altered version of Star Wars depicts Greedo firing a shot at Han Solo shortly before Han responds in kind . The difference in these scenes has resulted in discussion amongst the fans regarding who actually shot first . Origin In 1997 , the Star Wars Trilogy Special Edition was released to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Star Wars Episode 4 : A New Hope . George Lucas , the director of the Star Wars series , made several changes to the original trilogy while remastering it . Most of these changes were aesthetic , however one scene that was changed was the confrontation between Han Solo and Greedo , a bounty hunter sent by Jabba the Hut , in Mos Eisley Cantina . In the original 1977 release , Han shoots Greedo under the table while Greedo is pointing his blaster at him . In the altered 1997 version however , Greedo shots at Han first and misses , and then proceeds to be Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Fan Reaction Many fans were displeased with the changes made to the original film , as they believed it compromised Han ' s rebellious and ruthless qualities that added to his development from a selfish smuggler to a brave member of the Rebel Alliance . Fans also criticized the probability that Greedo would miss his shot , as he fired from point blank . In 2004 , the website called Han Shoots First . org was launched as a petition to get an unchanged version of the films released and as a rant for fans to express their disdain for the changes Lucas made to the movies . The website was mentioned by Forbes Magazine and Movies . com . The changes made to the original trilogy helped to form a hatred of George Lucas in the Star Wars fandom . Spread Han shot first has been used all over the internet in images , videos , and other media . The phrase has also been used by fans to show contempt with any changes made to the original movies . Merchandise that include the phrase , such as t - shirts , are very popular . Han shot first has also been referenced in several movies and TV shows , such as Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back Clerks II , and MythBusters . It has also been referenced in the Star Wars expanded universe , which includes novels , comics , and video games . Search Interest External References [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Facebook Comments Top Comments Kung Fu Cthulhu Huh . I just looked this up , and I found out that Greedo was always meant to shoot first – even in the original 1977 release . Then again , George Lucas was seen wearing this … + 11 Reply Des This is definitely a meme . I suggest adding a section for " Greedo Shot First " as well , as it ' s sometimes used to troll star wars fans . + 9 Reply + Add a Comment Comments 18 total + Add a Comment | [
"Han Shot First",
"Star Wars"
] |
http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/i-got-99-problems-but-a-bitch-aint-one | 23 I Got 99 Problems But a Bitch Ai n ' t One 310,327 0 139 17 Part of a series on Jay - Z [ View Related Entries ] Updated 9 months ago by Y F Added 8 years ago by Trick Lobo PROTIP : Press ' i ' to view the image gallery ' v ' to view the video gallery , or ' r ' to view a random entry . Meme Status Confirmed Year 2004 Origin " 99 Problems " by Jay - Z Tags catchphrase song rap lyrics jay - z hip hop pop culture snowclone Additional References Urban Dictionary Wikipedia About " I ' ve Got 99 Problems But a Bitch Ai n ' t One " is a popular catchphrase taken from Jay - Z ' s song " 99 Problems " which has been parodied several times online and used in various image macros Origin In 2004 , Jay - Z released " The Black Album " which featured the song " 99 Problems " , taking the title and chorus from Ice - T ' s song " 99 Problems " released in his 1993 album Home Invasion It is also interesting to note that the chorus lyrics in Jay - Z ' s " 99 Problems " differs slightly from Ice - T ' s version : " If you ' re havin ' girl problems , I feel bad for you son / I got 99 problems , but a bitch ai n ' t one . " - Jay - Z , " 99 Problems " ( 2004 ) " So if you ' re havin ' girl problems , I ' ll be there for you son / Got 99 problems , but a bitch ai n ' t one " - Ice - T , " 99 Problems " ( 1993 ) Spread While the song was well - known , the phrase received a huge boom in search volume circa January due to the website 99 Problems and because of Jay - Z performing a version of the song in which he replaces the word " bitch " with " Bush " . Macro images started to pop up late summer of 2009 , while the song peaked in September . This is probably due to Jay - Z ' s involvement in a benefit concert to help the families of those lost on 9 / 11 Notable Examples Facebook Comments + Add a Comment Comments 17 total + Add a Comment | [
"I 've Got 99 Problems But a Bitch Ai n't One",
"catchphrase",
"Jay-Z"
] |
http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/people/flula-borg | 0 Flula Borg 32,056 12 5 3 Updated 5 years ago by amanda b . Added 5 years ago by amanda b . PROTIP : Press ' i ' to view the image gallery ' v ' to view the video gallery , or ' r ' to view a random entry . This submission is currently being researched & evaluated ! You can help confirm this entry by contributing facts , media , and other evidence of notability and mutation . Person Status Submission Type : Musician Year Unknown Origin Unknown Tags german germany techno musician dj flula f | u | a hype man About Flula Borg is a techno DJ and a YouTube video blogger known for documenting his adjustment to life in America after moving from southern Germany to Los Angeles , California . Online History Flula launched a personal website [ 1 ] in 2004 , followed by a MySpace music account [ 2 ] in January 2006 . Later that year , on September 21st , Flula appeared in a Current . TV video highlighting a local Los Angeles business that picks up drunk drivers and takes them and their car home safely . In the clip , Flula is shown using the service and rambling drunken nonsense in the back seat of his vehicle . On February 13th , 2007 , Flula launched his YouTube channel [ 3 ] , but he did not upload his first video ( shown below ) until June 22nd of that year . His first upload shows him hanging out with his roommate David and explains several of the American things Flula had tried since moving to the United States , including peanut butter and jelly sandwiches , which he erroneously calls “ a PPJ . ” As of February 2013 , the channel has nearly 80,000 subscribers and more than 18 million video views . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Later that year , he highlighted a photo of a fan wearing a shirt with his name on it on his blog . [ 6 ] In 2008 , he launched a Twitter account [ 4 ] , which has nearly 15,000 followers as of February 2013 . He also began regularly appearing on Stickam [ 7 ] and Current . TV . [ 8 ] The same year , he became the first European to win the Scion Hypeman Contest in Chicago ( shown below , left ) . [ 9 ] In 2009 , Flula took part in a prank call with YouTuber OwnagePranks ( shown below , right ) , introducing his YouTube channel to a new audience . Later that year , he launched a Facebook fan page [ 5 ] , which has amassed more than 17,000 likes over three years . By 2012 , the fan site FloopyLand [ 16 ] had been launched for his fans to share photos , videos and stories of the DJ and throughout that year , his videos were featured on Time Techland [ 17 ] , TubeFilter [ 18 ] Buzzfeed [ 19 ] , Break [ 20 ] and Uproxx . [ 21 ] In 2012 , the Flula fan site FloopyLand [ 16 ] launched for fans to share photos , videos and stories of the YouTuber . That year , his videos were also featured on Time Techland [ 17 ] , TubeFilter [ 18 ] , Buzzfeed [ 19 ] , Break [ 20 ] and Uproxx . [ 21 ] Thoughts On English Language In September 2011 , Flula began vlogging about the strange nature of English language idioms , beginning with the term “ Daddy longlegs ” referring to the Opiliones type of spider ( shown below , left ) . About a month later , a video attempting to logic behind the game Rock Paper Scissors ( shown below , left ) was shared widely on sites including The FW [ 10 ] , the Huffington Post [ 11 ] , Social Times [ 12 ] , Laughing Squid [ 13 ] , MetaFilter [ 14 ] and The Daily Dot . [ 15 ] Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Auto - Tune in the Car On August 2nd , 2012 , Flula launched a new video series titled Auto - Tunes [ 22 ] via his YouTube channel , in which he covered popular songs while in in his car . The first video was a cover of " Whistle " by Flo Rida ( shown below ) using a keyboard , xylophone and accordian . It gained more than 98,000 views in six months . Notable Videos Search Interest External References [ 1 ] FlulaBorg . com – Home [ 2 ] MySpace – f | u | a [ 3 ] YouTube – djflula ' s channel [ 4 ] Twitter – @ flula [ 5 ] Facebook – [ 6 ] The Flula Beat – Fans with Flula shirts ! [ 7 ] OwnagePranks – Flula Borg Is Live On Stickam [ 8 ] Current . TV – Videos tagged w / " Flula Borg " [ 9 ] Scion Audio Visual – Photos from Scion ' s Hypeman Contest 2008 in Atlanta , Chicago , and Los Angeles . ( autoplay ) [ 10 ] The FW – Flula Borg Grapples With Rock , Paper , Scissors [ VIDEO ] [ 11 ] Huffington Post – ' Rock Paper Scissors , Your Logik Is Not Right ' : Flula Borg Breaks It Down ( VIDEO ) [ 12 ] Social Times – German DJ Goes Viral With Hilarious Videos Poking Fun At The English Language [ 13 ] Laughing Squid – Flula Borg Attempts To Understand Bizarre English Idioms [ 14 ] MetaFilter – Flula does not understand idioms [ 15 ] The Daily Dot – Lost in translation : DJ Flula ' s English idioms FloopyLand – Home TIME Techland – Video : Flula Borg ’ s Carry Throw Ball and Sometime Foot Kick Ball Remix TubeFilter – DJ Flula Inks Deal With Vin di Bona ’ s FishBowl for Petsami Original YouTube Channel Buzzfeed – “ Jeff Who Lives At Home ” + Flula Borg ' s Sequel = Most Amazing Celebrity Interview Ever Break – DJ Flula Remixes Confused Celebrities Uproxx – Flula Borg ’ s Press Junket Mouthfart Remix > Press Junket Interviews [ 22 ] YouTube – djflula : Auto - Tunes Playlist Facebook Comments + Add a Comment Comments 3 total + Add a Comment | [
"Flula Borg",
"techno DJ",
"personal website"
] |
http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/puking-rainbows | 29 Puking Rainbows 788,915 6 161 35 Updated about a year ago by SabrinaTibbetts Added 9 years ago by nicotineman PROTIP : Press ' i ' to view the image gallery ' v ' to view the video gallery , or ' r ' to view a random entry . Meme Status Confirmed Year 2006 Origin http : / / www . i - mockery . com / Tags unicorns puke art rainbow Additional References Wikipedia About Puking Rainbows is a popular theme in online comics and illustrations characterized by the portrayal of rainbow - colored vomit , or in its original form , an anthropomorphized rainbow throwing up another stream of rainbow . Despite the unsavory subject matter , images of puking rainbows have been seen across various blogs and imageboard sites . Origin The concept of " rainbow vomit " stems from a blog article on I - mockery [ 1 ] about visiting Little Tokyo neighborhood in LA , posted by the site owner RoG on August 6th , 2006 . In reviewing the Japanese supermarket , RoG commented on the colorful packagings of Japanese snacks found in the store : I took a bunch o ' photos of these packages and I ' ll be putting up a new Shorts piece to showcase them a little later this week . In all seriousness , it looks like a rainbow threw - up all over their snack section and forever stained the packages with a million bright colors . Hmm , a rainbow throwing up a rainbow of colors . I do n ' t know why , but I like that idea . Tell ya what . To any of you who draw me picture of a rainbow throwing up a rainbow of colors : I will post your pictures here in the blog . Do we have a deal ? Alright then , get to work on those nauseated rainbows and email your pics to me ! Within days , readers responded to the challenge with their own interpreations of " puking rainbows , " opening up the floodgate of lulz . Spread On August 17th , 2006 , RoG domain - registered the single topic blog RainbowPuke . com [ 2 ] , which was turned into a website for curating " puking rainbow " artworks . The site became unavailable for a brief time until June 2009 , when the revamped version of the site was launched . Beginning in July 2009 , illustrations of puking rainbow began to surface on popular visual arts communities like deviantART [ 3 ] and many notable instances have appeared on blogs like Cute Overload [ 4 ] . In addition , there are a number of t - shirts available on merchandise sites like Zazzle . [ 5 ] Rainbow Bleh Rainbow puke has been also referenced by the popular web series Charlie the Unicorn in a special episode titled " charlie teh unicron episode 1 " uploaded via YouTube on June 28th , 2010 . The randomness of the scene ( at 0 : 20 ) appealed to many other YouTubers and spawned a subset of YouTubePoop videos that became known as " Rainbow Bleh . " Art Class Project Enthusiasm over rainbow - colored vomit was strong enough for an art teacher at Virginia Commonwealth University [ 6 ] to set an assignment for his foundation art class based on the theme ; the students ' artworks were later featured on RoG ' s website : Derivatives While earlier instances of " puking rainbows " depicted an anthropomorphized rainbow vomiting another stream of rainbow , its usage expanded across other cute animals , stick figures and even IRL photographs : External References [ 1 ] I - mockery – Big Trouble in Little Tokyo / Posted on 8 - 6 - 2006 [ 2 ] Rainbow Puke – RainbowPuke . com / Launched on 8 - 17 - 2006 [ 3 ] Deviant Art – Search Results for Puke Rainbow [ 4 ] Cute Overload – That ' s So Cute ! / Posted on 4 - 19 - 2007 [ 5 ] Zazzle – Puke Rainbow T - Shirts [ 6 ] Rainbow Puke – VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY EDITION ! Facebook Comments Top Comment Inari 7 years ago There ' s an alternate meaning / usage for Puke Rainbows , it ' s used as a reaction shot when something tastes like diabetes Yes , TvTropes has ruined my vocabulary . + 3 Reply + Add a Comment Comments 35 total + Add a Comment | [
"Puking Rainbows",
"rainbow-colored vomit",
"unsavory subject"
] |
http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/rickroll | 244 Rickroll 1,217,344 118 164 145 Part of a series on Bait and Switch Videos / Pictures [ View Related Entries ] Updated Sep 12 , 2018 at 02 : 07PM EDT by Don Caldwell Added Dec 10 , 2008 at 04 : 08PM EST by Jamie Dubs PROTIP : Press ' i ' to view the image gallery ' v ' to view the video gallery , or ' r ' to view a random entry . Meme Status Confirmed Type : Pop Culture Reference Viral Video Year 2006 Origin 4chan Tags rick roll rickrolling rick astley music video 80s bait pop icon pop culture obscura blacklist nostalgia Additional References Encyclopedia Dramatica Facebook Meme Generator Reddit Twitter Urban Dictionary Wikipedia About Rickrolling is a bait - and - switch prank that involves posting a hyperlink that is supposedly relevant to the topic at hand in an online discussion , but re - directs the viewer to the music video of " Never Gonna Give You Up , " a 1987 dance pop single by English singer - songwriter Rick Astley . Since May 2007 , numerous versions of the music video on YouTube have garnered hundreds of millions , largely driven by the widespread practice of " rickrolling " and subsequent resurgence in popularity of the song over the following decade . Origin Rick Astley ' s dance pop single " Never Gonna Give You Up " was originally released as part of his 1987 solo debut album Whenever You Need Somebody . Upon its initial release , the single became a number one hit on several international charts , including the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart [ 1 ] . YouTuber Erik Helwig claims to have prank called a Michigan radio station after a sports game and played " Never Gonna Give You Up " over the phone on August 31st , 2006 . The story was explained in a YouTube video titled " I Did the First Rickroll ( w / Proof ) uploaded on August 7th , 2015 ( shown below ) . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . 0 : 00 1 : 43 Usage on 4chan The bait - and - switch phenomenon had its beginning on the imageboard community 4chan as a spin - off of an earlier practical joke known as duckrolling , in which an external link with a sensational title ( i.e. , a specific picture or news item ) would be redirected to an edited image of a duck with wooden wheels . According to 4chan founder m00t , the " rickroll " phenomenon began on / v / ( video games ) circa May 2007 [ 2 ] , when someone posted a link to Rick Astley ' s music video disguised as a sneak preview for the then newly released video game Grand Theft Auto IV . Due to the high buildup of anticipation for the game at that time , many GTA fans on the / v / board fell victim to the bait - and - switch prank and the joke became quite popular on 4chan . The timeline the account has been further corroborated by Wikipedia and Google Trends , which shows that search interest in " rickrolling " began to rise between April and May 2007 . Spread On May 15th , 2007 , one of the earliest known instances of the music video was uploaded under the title " Rickroll ' D " by YouTuber Cotter548 . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . 0 : 00 3 : 34 Many people have expressed the opinion that the most attention - getting aspect of the video is Rick Astley ' s unexpectedly deep voice in contrast to his youthful looks . According to VH1 ' s PopUp Video , record executives who heard his recordings did n ' t believe it was his voice either at first [ 3 ] In February 2008 , during the Anonymous Project Chanology protests against the Church of Scientology , " Never Gonna Give You Up " was played from boomboxes , performed , and shouted . The UK daily The Guardian [ 4 ] called it “ a live rick - rolling of the Church of Scientology " ( shown below , left ) . On April 1st , 2008 , every featured video on YouTube ' s front page redirected to the Rickroll music video [ 5 ] ( shown below , right ) . In April 2008 , the New York Mets posted an online poll [ 6 ] to select the song for the 8th inning sing - along . On April 4th , 2008 , FARK users bombarded the poll with upvotes for " Never Gonna Give You Up . " On April 7th , the Mets announced that the song had won with over five million votes . Rather than using the song for the 8th inning , it was apparently used during the home opener , much to the displeasure of Mets fans ( shown below , left ) . In November 2008 , the Rickroll meme came to a full circle when Rick Astley himself appeared on a float during the 2008 Macy ' s Thanksgiving Day Parade [ 7 ] , lip synching to his classic hit from 14 years ago ( shown below , right ) . Rick Astley was nominated for the Best Act Ever award for the MTV Europe Music Awards in November 2008 , when the voting forum was flooded by fans of the Rickrolling phenomenon [ 8 ] . Astley has voiced his approval of the off - beat joke , stating " MTV was thoroughly Rickrolled " ( shown below , left ) . On January 13 , 2009 , United States Speaker of the House , Nancy Pelosi published a video in honor of the launch of the HouseHub YouTube channel featuring the Rick Astley music video at the end ( shown below , right ) . In April 2009 , co - writer of " Never Gonna Give You Up , " Pete Waterman , denounced Google and YouTube at a press conference that announced the launch of a website campaigning for a fairer deal for songwriters whose work is featured on YouTube . He was quoted saying , " Panorama did a documentary on the exploitation of foreign workers in Dubai . I feel like one of those workers , because I earned less for a year ' s work off Google or YouTube than they did off the Bahrain government . " [ 10 ] In February 2010 , a bipartisan group of Oregon Representatives planned to pull off the " Rickroll " during House sessions . Each of the participants was given a portion of the lyrics of " Never Gonna Give You Up " to subtly plug into their statements during legislative discussion . This scheme was finally revealed on April 1st , 2011 , when Representative Jefferson Smith and his co - conspirators edited and uploaded a video of various representatives making their statements , put in proper lyrical order of the song ( shown below ) . 1 : 45 Just as the world was fully grasping Wikileaks for the first time , amid dense publications of top secret cables , the arrest of Julian Assange in the UK , and Operation Payback which included serious attacks on Visa , MasterCard , Amazon and Paypal , one purported Wikileak document titled " England : Reliability and Longevity of UK - US Relationship Confirmed " was probably more read than any other : Originally posted on the eve of December 9th , 2010 , readers who clicked through the hidden link were led to a document [ 9 ] that includes the lyrics to the Rick Astley ' s song : SUBJECT : ENGLAND : RELIABILITY AND LONGEVITY OF UK - US RELATIONSHIP CONFIRMED REF : A . LONDON 365 B . LONDON 366 Classified By : Consul General Robbie Honerkamp for reasons 1.4 ( B ) and ( D ) 1 . ( S / NF ) Summary : We ' re no strangers to love . You know the rules and so do I . A full commitment ' s what I ' m thinking of . You would n ' t get this from any other guy . I just wanna tell you how I ' m feeling . Gotta make you understand . 2 . ( C / NF ) Chorus : Never gonna give you up , never gonna let you down , never gonna run around and desert you . r Never gonna make you cry , never gonna say goodbye , never gonna tell a lie and hurt you . 3 . ( S / NF ) We ' ve known each other for so long Your heart ' s been aching but You ' re too shy to say it Inside we both know what ' s been going on We know the game and we ' re gonna play it And if you ask me how I ' m feeling Do n ' t tell me you ' re too blind to see 4 . ( C / NF ) Chorus : Never gonna give you up , never gonna let you down , never gonna run around and desert you . Never gonna make you cry , never gonna say goodbye , never gonna tell a lie and hurt you . On July 27th , 2011 , Twitter user @ wiggsd tweeted " This WH correspondence briefing is n ' t nearly as entertaining as yesterday ' s . " The official White House Twitter account , @ whitehouse , replied to the tweet with a link to the Rick Astley video on YouTube @ wiggsd Sorry to hear that . Fiscal policy is important , but can be dry sometimes . Here ' s something more fun : http : / / t . co / ca31My7 # WHChat — White House Archived ( @ ObamaWhiteHouse ) July 27 , 2011 On May 23rd , 2012 , the original " Never Gonna Give You Up " YouTube video was taken down for 24 - hrs following a copyright complaint [ 11 ] On June 3rd , 2013 , Will Smidlein managed to upload the full Rick Astley music video to Vine the same day Vine introduced the new app for Android . Smidlein took to Twitter to announce his accomplishment and later regret [ 12 ] . ( shown below ) On July 17th , 2014 , YouTube blocked the original video uploaded by YouTube user cotter548 in several countries including the United States [ 13 ] In August 2015 , Rock band , The Foo Fighters , rolled past Westboro Baptist protesters in the bed of a truck blasting Rick Astley ' s " Never Gonna Give You Up " in Kansas City , Missouri starting a dance party [ 14 ] ( shown below ) . 2 : 04 In September 2015 , Apple Rick Rolled customers accessing the Apple Watch Support Page [ 15 ] . The “ Add a friend ” tutorial section featured an image of the watches contact list with the initials spelling out , " NE VE RG ON NA GI VE YU UP " ( shown below ) . On November 18 , 2015 , hacker group , Anonymous , announced on Twitter that they would be " spamming verified ISIS hashtags with rickrolls " [ 16 ] . On November 24th , the group announced on Twitter that their " first yet simple hashtag to # RickrollDaesh is # SupportISIS . " In April 2016 , pro - EU campaigner , Mario Van Poppel , claimed the Vote Leave domain name before Vote Leave Campaigners . He redirected users from the site to a YouTube video of " Never Gonna Give You Up " [ 17 ] On July 18th , 2016 , Melania Trump made a speech at the National Republican Convention in which she said that her husband Donald Trump " will never , ever , give up . And , most importantly , he will never , ever , let you down " [ 18 ] . Twitter users took notice and commented over whether it was intentional or not [ 19 ] On October 7th , 2016 , Astley participated in an " ask me anything " ( AMA ) thread on the / r / Music [ 20 ] subreddit , which gathered more than 63,900 points ( 90 % upvoted ) and 6,900 comments prior to being archived . On August 20th , 2017 , The Foo Fighters rickrolled their audience in Tokyo when they brought special guest , Rick Astley on stage to sing " Never Gonna Give You Up " ( shown below , left ) . On April 9th , 2018 , The creators of the television show Westworld posted a video entitled Westworld Season 2 - - A Primer promising spoilers but all viewers got was a video of cast members singing " Never Gonna Give You Up " ( shown below , right ) . Various Examples Search Interest External References [ 1 ] Wikipedia – Never Gonna Give You Up [ 2 ] Wikipedia – History of Rickrolling [ 3 ] YouTube – Rick Astley : Never Gonna Give You Up [ 4 ] The Guardian – Taking the Rick [ 5 ] TechCrunch – YouTube Rickrolls Users [ 6 ] Mets Blog – Via WebArchive – Mets About to be Rickrolled [ 7 ] Entertainment Weekly – Macy ' s Thanksgiving Day Parade : Best and Worst Moments [ 8 ] BBC News – Astley shortlisted for MTV award [ 9 ] Ding – England : Reliability and Longevity of UK - US Relationship Confirmed [ 10 ] Telegraph – Pete Waterman : I was Exploited by Google [ 11 ] The Daily Dot – RickRoll Rick Astley Copyright Takedown [ 12 ] The Verge – Mad Genius RickRolls and Crashes Vine [ 13 ] The Daily Dot – RickRoll Video Deleted [ 14 ] Rolling Stone – Watch Foo Fighters Rickroll Westboro Baptist Church [ 15 ] Fortune – Apple Rick Roll [ 16 ] Telegraph – Anonymous Use Rick Astley in War Against Terrorism [ 17 ] The Guardian – How Vote Leave got Rick Rolled [ 18 ] The Hill – Melania RickRoll [ 19 ] Buzzfeed – Melania Rick Roll Intentional [ 20 ] Reddit – / r / Music Sub - entries 1 total Trololo Guy Facebook Comments Top Comments IrisNetwork Feb 20 , 2017 at 09 : 28PM EST + 21 Reply ThreeSteaks Jul 28 , 2011 at 03 : 01AM EDT I know Obama did n ' t personally tweeted the rickroll , but to whoever actually did , dear sir or madam : you just won massive amounts of internet ! congratulations ! + 10 Reply + Add a Comment Comments 145 total + Add a Comment | [
"Rickroll",
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http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/scrub | 8 Scrub 48,893 0 9 32 Part of a series on Internet Slang [ View Related Entries ] Updated 2 years ago by RandomMan Added 4 years ago by Minty PROTIP : Press ' i ' to view the image gallery ' v ' to view the video gallery , or ' r ' to view a random entry . Meme Status Confirmed Year 2008 Origin Sirlin Tags slang gaming internet slang noob scrub skrub mlg Additional References Urban Dictionary About " Scrub " , or " skrub " , is an Internet slang term commonly used as a pejorative for someone who needlessly complains about unfair tactics used in multiplayer video games . The term is associated with players who lack the skill to overcome certain strategies , bearing many similarities to " noob " Origin According to an article on the Internet humor site Cracked , [ 6 ] " scrub " originated as a term for bad basketball players in the late 1990s . In January 1999 , the R&B group TLC released the track " No Scrubs " as the first single off their third studio album FanMail . The song derides men who can not afford their own residence and transportation , referring to them as " scrubs " ( shown below ) . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . In October 2008 , the gaming site Sirlin [ 9 ] published an article titled " Intermediate ' s Guide , " which contained a section on " scrubs " defining them as players who are " handicapped by self - imposed rules that the game knows nothing about . " Spread On June 10th , 2008 , the gaming blog Insomnia [ 7 ] published an article about tactics used in the Street Fighter fighting game series considered unfair or " cheap , " referring to those who complain about them as " scrubs . " On December 29th , Urban Dictionary [ 1 ] user Chirus_Fire submitted an entry for the term " Scrub " , defining it as someone who performs poorly in video games . The entry also cited the " scrubbing " practice of button mashing in the game Street Fighter 2 as the term ' s origin in the context of gaming . On February 4 , 2011 , League of Legends [ 5 ] forum user Urban Ranger submitted a thread asking why he kept being called a " scrub " in the online game . On December 16th , GameFAQs Forums [ 3 ] member Sumo_Thug posted a thread asking for other members to define the word " scrub " in the context of fighting games , to which several users claimed it applied to those who whine about game mechanics rather than learning to overcome them . On June 25th , 2013 , an entry for " Scrub " was created on TV Tropes , defining the term as a video game player who criticizes certain gaming strategies for being overpowered or unfair . Search Interest External References [ 1 ] Urban Dictionary – Scrub / 12 - 29 - 2008 [ 2 ] Yahoo ! Answers – What Is A Scrub In Slang ? [ 3 ] Gamefaqs – Guys how do you define a scrub ? everyone in the fighting game community / 12 - 16 - 2011 [ 4 ] Steam Powered User Forums – [ 5 ] whats a scrub ? / 2 - 4 - 2011 [ 6 ] Cracked – The 5 Worst Attempts to Start a Catchphrase [ 7 ] Insomnia – DOMINATION 101 ON CHEAPNESS [ 8 ] Escapist Magazine – Whats in a scrub [ 9 ] Sirlin – Introducing the Scrub Facebook Comments Top Comments Spooky Turtle 4 years ago + 40 Reply Firebug Wow , a search graph that actually shows a steady incline of popularity over a long period of time ! That ' s actually really rare here ! + 13 Reply + Add a Comment Comments 32 total + Add a Comment | [
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http://knubic.com/question/50950/how-much-do-eye-exams-cost-at-walmart-and-costco | How much do Eye Exams cost at Walmart and Costco ? up vote 0 down vote favorite optical link | flag asked Aug 13 ' 15 at 02 : 00 Unnamed User 1 0 Costco vs . LensCrafters Eyeglasses – How Much Does It Cost ? So I decided to have an eye exam with LensCrafters since it ' s free with my insurance , and moved on to Costco to check out its prices . Great Eyeglasses for Half the Price | Bottom Line Personal A pair of eyeglasses can cost hundreds of dollars , but there ' s no need to pay anywhere near that much . . . . Or save money by getting your exam at a WalmartVision Center or Costco Optical , where rates can be as much as 50 % lower . . . . The online glasses sites do provide do - it - yourself PD measurement . . . Have you ever bought eyeglasses from Costco / Walmart ? - AnandTech . . . Have you ever had an eye exam at any of these stores ? . . . Do they offer any guarantee / warranty ? . . . . The other pair from my optometrist cost twice as much , but those were " office lenses " and the Walmart ones were regular . . . 4 Things Not to Buy at Costco - Yahoo Finance You head to Costco ( Nasdaq : COST - News ) to stock up on staples - - say , . . . Eventually , we regret the purchase or throw much of a past - its - prime product away . . . . " Target and Wal - Mart have this market cornered and they do a great job , " . . . will perform a vision and eye health exam in an in - store exam room . Eye Exam Costs For The Major Vision Centers in America To help with the cost of eye exams , you can get eye exam coupons which can help . . . Best , Empire Vision , JCPenney Optical , Sears Optical and Costco Optical . . . . Walmart Vision Center generally speaking is one of the lowest cost eye care chains . . . . Sears Optical is much like the Walmart Vision Center in that they are one of . . . how much do glasses , lenses & an eye exam cost ? [ Archive . . . I do n ' t know how much visiting a doctor elsewhere costs , but I had a contact lens / eyeglasses examination at Costco yesterday , and it cost $ 80 . . . . spent $ 235 at Wal - Mart , so let ' s say $ 215 before sales tax - about $ 45 for exam , . . . Eye examination without vision insurance . - eyes optometrist nyc . . . So how does getting your eyes examined without insurance work ? . . . I know howmuch my fancy - astigmatism - contacts cost , but how much . . . . stores ( Walmart , Target , Costco ) and Costco had the lowest price for a contact lens . . . Hello World ! Хочу все знать - социальный сайт вопросов и ответов на любые темы и для всех людей – вне зависимости от страны и языка . Это 100 % бесплатно . Нет обязательной регистрации about » faq » | [
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http://koa.com/campgrounds/silt/ | Glenwood Springs West Colorado River KOA Our Koa Amenities Activities Food Campground Map Photos Video Events Local Area General Info Instagram Welcome Center MORE THAN A BEAUTIFUL COLORADO RV PARK AND CAMPGROUNDA TRUE COLORADO CAMPING ADVENTURE We welcome you to our new Colorado KOA campground located on the Colorado River at I70 Exit 97 17 miles west of Glenwood Springs and adjacent to the old west town of SiltOpen yearround Glenwood Springs WestColorado River KOA is the convenient stopping point on your way east or west whether you are looking for a comfortable onenight stay or a multiday adventure basecamp We offer RV sites deluxe and camping cabins teepees and tent sitesThis is a place so beautiful that you wont want to leave and youll find so many nearby attractions and activities that youll want to make time for them allYou will enjoy spectacular views of the beautiful Roan Plateau the Mamm Peaks and Battlement Mesa and over 2800 feet of frontage along the majestic Colorado River where you can stroll along the banks and watch for bald eagles cast a line for trout or enjoy a tubing experience Glenwood Springs WestColorado River KOA makes a great basecamp for exploring western Colorado Scenic drives on excellent roads will take you east to Glenwood Springs and its famous hot springs and beyond to the worldfamous skiresort towns of Aspen and Vail or west to Rifle and its mountain parks the wineries and orchards in Palisade and the majestic Colorado National Monument near Grand Junction Click on LOCAL AREA for details The Glenwood Springs WestColorado River KOA was created from scratch starting in 2015 Everything is new and purposebuilt for your enjoyment You will register at our Welcome Center with its convenience store lounge games TV library laundry showers and changing rooms Outside the Welcome Center you will find our large heated pool sun patio hot tub and playground Other amenities include a second brand new familystyle bathhouse and laundry a huge dog park a boat launch riverfront picnic area enhanced trails and a dump station There are spacious pullthrough sites and economical backin sites providing something for everyone All sites have fire pits picnic tables and grass hangout areas Each RV space has water sewer electric most are 50 amp and cable TV with 50 channels A strong WiFi signal is availableAND we are getting bigger and better New for 2018 will be 36 deluxe patio sites 14 of which will be right on the Colorado River bringing us to a total of over 100 RV sites and new cabin and tent sites all beautifully landscaped Along our Little River you can enjoy four deluxe cabins with kitchens and bathrooms and four camping cabins We also offer a cluster of three spacious teepees and 14 tent sitesMost importantly we have a great desire to make your stay enjoyable Our staff are campers who know what it takes to make other campers happy They will make you feel appreciated and welcome Visit Our Website Campground Amenities Amenities Activities 50 Max Amp 95 Max Length WiFi Cable TV Pool 51 910 Hot Tub Sauna Snack Bar Fishing Firewood Pavilion Dog Park Reserve now or check dates Campground Hot Deals Ways To Stay RV Camping Sites Lodging Tent Camping Sites Special Camp for 2000 on May 11 Campground Awards Latest Hot Deal Donate To Care Camps Save 10 on Camping | [
"CAMPING ADVENTURE"
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http://koa.com/campgrounds/south-padre/ | South Padre Island KOA PALM TREES AND SANDY BEACHES MAKE SOUTH PADRE THE PERFECT ISLAND GETAWAY ! Discover camping at its best with our Spring Cabin Deal . Book a cozy Deluxe Cabin stay and save $ 25 / night . Valid April 1 - May 23 . Retreat to South Padre Island KOA for top of the line camping amenities , friendly staff and endless opportunities for adventure on the gorgeous Gulf Coast . For a home away from home , try our fully furnished Deluxe Cabins or Vacation Rental . Park your RV at our Pull - Thru RV Site with KOA Patio ® , all with free cable and Wi - Fi . Pitching a Tent ? We have you covered with sites conveniently situated with a bridge view . Whatever accommodation you choose , you can rest assured you will enjoy your stay in this beautiful island location . Make a splash in our Pool , take a Zumba class or Aqua Zumba class , watch the kids play and build sandcastles in our sandy playground , or dine at a favorite island eatery located right in the campground - Pier 19 Restaurant & Bar . There ' s even a safe place for Fido to play within our Kamp K9 ® Dog Park Explore the variety of things to see and do around South Padre Island . Spend the day on the water deep - sea fishing or bay fishing , kiteboarding , windsurfing , parasailing , dolphin watching or long walks on the beach . As your day winds down , settle in to watch the sunset or soak in the Hot Tub ! South Padre Island KOA Holiday ® offers the best island camping experience of the great outdoors ! Read More Campground Amenities Amenities Activities 50 Max Amp 98 ' Max Length Wi - Fi Cable TV Pool ( Open Year - Round ) Hot Tub / Sauna Snack Bar Propane Fishing Pavilion Dog Park | [
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http://koalasleepcenters.com/snoring-and-sleep-apnea/ | Koala Medical Dental Clinics Provide Treatment for Sleep Apnea . We have Clinics & Doctors Near You . We have solutions for Sleep Apnea . Tired of feeling tired ? We can help you enjoy restful nights and wide awake days . Call ( 855 ) 977 - 0400 . OSA is characterized by complete airway obstruction . It is often found , but not limited to , older , overweight men and affects significant percentages of women and children as well . If someone in your family has OSA , you will be more likely to have it also . The serious and life - threatening problems start when sleepers begin experiencing apneas , where breathing stops , and hypopneas , where breathing is shallow due to an obstruction . Breathing is usually blocked in the back of the throat because : The tongue and muscles relax during sleep . The lower jaw falls back toward the throat . The airway becomes blocked . Why Sleep Apnea Occurs A typical sequence of OSA occurs when a person stops snoring and is silent for seconds , or minutes . The body ’ s oxygen level drops and the blood pressure rises . The heart is forced to beat faster , causing the pulse rate to increase . The brain may cause the arms , legs or whole body to jerk in an attempt to wake the sleeper so breathing will resume . The silence may end with a loud snort , cough or gasp . This causes the sleeper to wake briefly and begin breathing . Once asleep again Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Signs and Symptoms Sleep apnea can reveal its presence in a number of ways , and each patient may have a unique combination of symptoms . If you experience any of the following recurring : Excessive daytime sleepiness Morning Headaches / Migraines Snoring Weight Gain Short Term Memory Problems Acid Reflux High Blood Pressure Depression Severe Anxiety ADD & ADHD Symptoms Choking / Gasping sensation that wakes you up Insomnia / Inability to sleep through the night Diabetes Sore Throat / Dry Mouth Slow Metabolism / Inability to lose weight Poor job performance or problems in school Mouth Breathing / Difficult Nose Breathing Restless and tossing and turning during sleep Impotence and / or Decreased Sex Drive Mood Swings / Temperamental Behavior Snoring and Sleep Apnea What Causes Snoring ? Snoring occurs when the soft tissue structures of the upper airway collapse onto themselves and vibrate against each other as we attempt to move air through them . This produces the sound we know as snoring . Large tonsils , a long soft palate , a large tongue , the uvula , and excess fat deposits in the throat all contribute to airway narrowing and snoring . Usually , the more narrow the airway space , the louder or more habitual the snoring . Snoring Relation to Sleep Apnea Snoring is the sound of partially obstructed breathing during sleep . While snoring can be harmless , it can also be the sign of a more serious medical condition known as Obstructive Sleep Apnea ( OSA ) .When Obstructive Sleep Apnea occurs , the tongue and soft palate collapse onto the back of the throat and completely block the airway , which restricts the flow of oxygen . The condition known as Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome ( UARS ) , is midway between primary snoring and true obstructive sleep apnea . People with UARS suffer many of the symptoms of Diagnosis Since OSA is a serious medical condition , it must be diagnosed by a physician . Once a diagnosis of sleep apnea is made , the severity of the dysfunction can be classified and treatment options will be given . Sleep Studies A sleep study gives the best picture of how you breathe when you sleep . It provides information regarding apneas ( when breathing stops ) and hypopneas ( when breathing is shallow due to an obstruction ) as well as pulse , blood pressure and other physiological processes such as REM sleep , EEG and leg or arm jerking . Depending on your circumstances , Dr . Willey will recommend either a PSG or a HST . Polysomnogram ( PSG ) A PSG is a sleep study that is done in a sleep lab overnight and monitored by a trained sleep lab technician . The patient is hooked up with wires via sticky electrodes to the apparatus that will monitor their sleep channels . The physician associated with the sleep lab will examine the results and interpret the data collected . Home Sleep Test ( HST ) An ambulatory sleep study , or HST , is a convenient monitoring system that the patient can use in the comfort of his own bed . The HST is a small , portable unit that utilizes wireless technology . The data recorded during sleep is then downloaded to a computer the next day . This data is analyzed by a board certified sleep physician . Cone Beam Volumetric Tomography ( CBVT ) Like a Medical Cat Scan , but emitting dramatically less radiation , the Cone Beam is a powerhouse of technology used to view and analyze airway passages , tissues , structure and anomalies from the neck up . A board certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist performs the CBVT read and provides an exhaustive report of all findings . IIDSM uses this information to provide optimal treatment for patients as well as shares the findings with the patient ’ s physician to partner in patient care . | [
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http://kodi.wiki/view/Quick_Start_Guide | Quick start guide navigation search First time user Quick start guide Contents hide 1 Introduction 2 Wiki 3 Basic Controls 4 Library Mode 5 File Mode 6 Adding Pictures 7 Adding Games 8 Using a remote control 9 Kodi add - ons 10 Changing Skins 1 Introduction Hello and welcome to Kodi ! ! Kodi is an award winning , open source , media centre that can play a wide variety of Music and Video formats in addition to viewing Live TV and using add - ons to further enhance your Kodi . Kodi is designed with the Home Theater in mind using a 10 ft interface rather than on a small monitor while you sit at your desk . Because everything is designed with the home theater experience in mind , the best way to interact with Kodi is with a remote control , rather than a computer mouse . If it helps , think of Kodi as the ultimate DVD - player / set - top - box . Be aware that mouse functionality is limited . This guide is designed to point you to the correct information that will assist in correctly setting up your Kodi . We strongly recommend you follow the guides to ensure the correct setup . We strongly urge you to not follow the numerous YouTube video guides as nearly all those guides have been written with the single minded purpose of Piracy and Copyright Infringement . THERE IS NO SUPPORT FOR THAT HERE AT Kodi . If you have not already downloaded and installed Kodi , return to the previous page and follow the installation instructions for your chosen operating system . 2 Wiki The wiki ( where you are now ) holds a wealth of information . For both the new and intermediate user , the second row Kodi Menu on the wiki Main page is all that you will require . That particular row holds the information for the menu items as seen in Kodi . If you are not sure what a particular function does in Kodi , then choose the appropriate item in that row . All the links on this page are accessible from the Main Page of the wiki . 3 Basic Controls Read this page to familiarise yourself with the menu system and other screens in Kodi . See : Basic_controls 4 Library Mode Why do I need a library ? One of the features that makes Kodi so great is the ability to display all types of artwork and metadata ( plots , directors , actors etc ) in a visually stunning format . The Libraries are accessed from the Main Menu using . . . Movies , TV Shows or Music Videos for the Video Library Music for the Music Library . To use the numerous features that are only possible with a correctly setup library , then your video and / or music collections need to be added to the library to correctly function . Kodi consists of two libraries - Music and Video . The following guides have been created to guide you through the setup process of both . Guide to Create , Modify and Re - build your Video Library The aim of these modules is to provide the required information to enable you to correctly set up , modify , and reinstate your Video library as required . As this guide is created for the new user , most pages have been created with minimal jargon and short explanations in an effort to reduce information overload and confusion . Where extra information is provided , note is made to what can be safely ignored . Guide to Create , Modify and Re - build your Music Library The aim of these modules is to provide the required information to enable you to correctly set up , modify , and reinstate your Music library as required . As this guide is created for the new user , most pages have been created with minimal jargon and short explanations in an effort to reduce information overload and confusion . Where extra information is provided , note is made to what can be safely ignored . 5 File Mode If you do not want to create the libraries and take advantage of these features , then you can hide Menu items and access your media through the inbuilt file browser located from the main menu by selecting Videos then Files Be aware that using this mode , Kodi becomes a simple media player with limited functionality . There will be no extended artwork and no movie information amongst many other missing features which all require a library to function . In effect , Kodi is a simple file browser similar to Windows Explorer , and will simply allow you to browse your folders and files as set up on your hard drives . 6 Adding Pictures Main page : Pictures The Pictures option allows you to add your home photo collection to Kodi which you can then easily display on your large , high definition TV screen . Pictures does not yet use any library functions and is simply a file browser . If you set up either the video or music library , you will be familiar with setting up a source for pictures . 7 Adding Games Main page : Games Note ! Games support are not available before Kodi v18 Leia ! The Games option allows you to add stand - alone games and games running in emulators which can be launch from Kodi . Games does not yet use any library functions and is simply a file browser . New in Kodi v18 Leia is also many an input manager with many game controller settings for configuring gamepads , joysticks , keyboards , and mouses , for use inside those games / emulators that are running natively inside Kodi ' s runtime . 8 Using a remote control Remote controls In Kodi the primary environment was designed for the living room ( 10 - foot interface ) and controlling it only with a remote control . While Kodi does support mouse , keyboard , and even touch controls , the main method of controlling Kodi is designed around is the typical remote . This further enhances the appliance feel of the Kodi and fits next to ( or replaces ) the other remotes that are likely to be in your entertainment room . 9 Kodi add - ons Main pages : Add - ons and Add - on manager An Add - on is another piece of software that can be added to a program to further expand and enhance the features of that program . Imagine a smart phone and all the additional Apps that can be installed to enhance its functionality . Kodi has the same ability and these apps are referred to as Add - ons . Kodi has a growing list of community driven add - ons which can be installed from a common official repository , while still enabling third - party developers to also host their own unofficial repositories for add - ons that any user can choose to add themselves . 10 Changing Skins HOW - TO : Change_skins Most other media players come with a single type of menu interface . Picture your dvd player or your set top box with it ' s basic menu system . Kodi has the ability to change its user interface ( skin ) to something that suits your taste . There are over 40 skins to choose from , each with their own attractions and features . Feel free to explore . . . To get new skins , go to : Settings → Interface settings → Skin → Skin - Estuary You will be provided a list of currently installed skins and an option to " Get More . . . " where you can download additional skins . Preview images of a few skins . . . The same home screen using different skins Estuary - default skin , Kodi 17 & above Confluence - default skin , Kodi 16 & below Aeon Nox ReFocus Titan Welo Transparency Rapier Mimic Return to top Next step : Video Library Main Menu Next step : Music Library Main Menu Page updated for v17 Categories Krypton FAQ Guides Manual Video library Music library Advanced topics First time user | [
"Quick start guide",
"Kodi",
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http://koka.org/ | Keiki O Ka Aina infuses the Hawaiian culture into all its programs , and several offer an extremely strong cultural connection . Register Become your childʻs first teacher and engage in a culturally rich learning environment that encourages interactive learning and parent - child Enroll Birth – 3 Years Old Encourage language , social , and motor skills . Learn More . 3 Months – 5 Years Enriched experiences for children and opportunities for parents . Learn More . Assist struggling and underpriviledged families , elderly and individuals through donations of goods , cash equivalents , enriching experiences , and Donate | [
"Keiki O Ka Aina",
"Hawaiian culture"
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