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<b><u><em>jins</em></u></b> [or <b><u><em>ajnās</em></u></b>; reject “jin” or “ajna”]
<b><u><em>Paradise Lost</em></u></b> (by John Milton)
<b><u>Korean</u></b> [or <b><u>Hanguk</u></b>-in; or <b><u>Joseon</u></b>-in; accept <b><u>Korean</u></b>-German; accept <b><u>Korean</u></b>-American; prompt on East <u>Asia</u>n] (The Ocean Seal diagram is by Ŭisang. <em>Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning</em> is by<em> </em>Toegye.)
<b><u>Chen</u></b> [or <b><u>Chan</u></b>; accept <b><u>Chen</u></b> Yi; accept <b><u>Chen</u></b> Lifu; accept <b><u>Chen</u></b> Guofu]
Michael <b><u>Ondaatje</u></b>&nbsp;(“on-DAH-chee”) [or Philip Michael <b><u>Ondaatje</u></b>]
<b><u>likelihood</u></b> functions [accept maximum <b><u>likelihood</u></b> estimation, log-<b><u>likelihood</u></b> functions, <b><u>likelihood</u></b> ratios, log-<b><u>likelihood</u></b> ratios, <b><u>likelihood</u></b>ism, <b><u>likelihood</u></b>ist, law of <b><u>likelihood</u></b>, or h-<b><u>likelihood</u></b> functions; prompt on <u>MLE</u> until read by asking “what does that stand for?”]
<b><u>home</u></b> children [accept <b><u>home</u></b> boys or <b><u>home</u></b> girls; accept <b><u>little immigrant</u></b>s]
Vinayak Damodar <b><u>Savarkar</u></b>&nbsp;(“SAH-ver-ker”) [or Veer <b><u>Savarkar</u></b>]
<b><u>transition state</b></u>s [accept <b><u>activated complex</b></u>es; accept <b><u>transition state</b></u> analogues; reject “intermediates” or “reaction intermediates”]
<b><u>Komnenos</u></b> [or <b><u>Comnenus</u></b>; or <b><u>Komnennoi</u></b> or <b><u>Komnenian</u></b> dynasty; accept Grand <b><u>Komnenoi</u></b> and Megalon <b><u>Komnenoi</u></b>]
Quincy <b><u>Jones</u></b> [or Quincy Delight <b><u>Jones</u></b> Jr.]
<b><u>combustion</u></b> [accept <b><u>combustion</u></b> analysis; accept <b><u>burn</u></b>ing; prompt on bomb <u>calorimetry</u> or <u>ash</u>ing or <u>elemental analysis</u> until read by asking “what type of reaction is involved?”; prompt on <u>oxidation</u>; prompt on <u>heat</u>ing by asking “what type of reaction produces the heat?”; reject “fire” or “flames”]
<b><u>geometry</u></b> [accept sacred <b><u>geometry</u></b>; prompt on <u>math</u>ematics or <u>math</u>s] (The philosopher in the penultimate sentence is Pythagoras.)
William <b><u>Vickrey</u></b> [or William Spencer <b><u>Vickrey</u></b>; accept <b><u>Vickrey</u></b>–Clarke–Groves auction; prompt on <u>VCG</u> mechanism by asking “what does that stand for?”] (DSIC stands for “dominant-strategy incentive compatible.”)
<b><u>Danzig</b></u> [or Free City of <b><u>Danzig</b></u>; accept the <b><u><em>Danzig</b></u></em> Trilogy; accept <b><u>Gdańsk</b></u>, Poland]
<b><u>hemoglobin</b></u> [or <b><u>Hb</b></u> or <b><u>Hgb</b></u>]
<b><u>tsar</u></b>s [or <b><u>tsarina</u></b>s, <b><u>czar</u></b>s, or <b><u>czarina</u></b>s; or <b><u>Russia</u></b>n <b><u>emperor</u></b>s or <b><u>Russia</u></b>n <b><u>empress</u></b>es; prompt on <u>emperor</u>s, <u>empress</u>es, or generic synonyms of <u>ruler</u>s, <u>monarch</u>s, <u>king</u>s, or <u>queen</u>s; prompt on <u>horseman</u> or <u>horsemen</u> or <u>statue</u>s by until “statue” is read by asking “what was the title of the person depicted by the statue?”] (The ode in the first sentence was written by Mikhail Lomonosov on the accession of Empress Elizabeth. The verse drama is <em>Boris Godunov</em>.)
<b><u>tax</b></u>ation [accept <b><u>tax paying</b></u> or <b><u>tax collection</b></u>; accept <b><u>tax farming</b></u>; accept answers involving <b><u>collecting tariffs</b></u> or <b><u>duties</b></u>; accept answers involving collecting the <b><u>taille</b></u> or <b><u>gabelle</b></u>]
<b><u>stop codon</u></b>s [prompt on <u>codon</u>s]
drug <b><u>possess</u></b>ion [accept possession of specific drugs, such as marijuana <b><u>possess</u></b>ion or psilocybin <b><u>possess</u></b>ion; accept <b><u>possess</u></b>ion of controlled substances or personal use <b><u>possess</u></b>ion; accept drug <b><u>ingest</u></b>ion or word forms; prompt on <u>drug</u> use or <u>own</u>ership or equivalents of each by asking “what is the legal term for the crime?”; reject “selling drugs” or “drug trafficking” or equivalents] (The test strips detect fentanyl.)
<b><u>free energy</u></b> [accept Gibbs <b><u>free energy</u></b> or Helmholtz <b><u>free energy</u></b>; prompt on <u>energy</u>; prompt on <u>potential energy</u>; prompt on <u><em>G</em></u> or <u><em>A</em></u> or <u><em>F</em></u>]
<b><u><em>Ethan Frome</b></u></em>
Franz <b><u>Schubert</b></u>’s Symphony no. <b><u>9</b></u> in C major [or <b><u>Schubert</b></u>’s <b><u>Ninth</b></u> Symphony; or <b><u>Schubert</b></u>’s <b><u><em>Great</b></u></em> Symphony or <b><u>Schubert</b></u>’s <b><u><em>Great</b></u> C major </em>Symphony; accept <b><u>D. 944</b></u>; accept Franz Peter <b><u>Schubert</b></u> in place of “Franz Schubert”; prompt on <u>Schubert</u>’s <u>Seventh</u> Symphony or <u>Schubert</u>’s <u>Eighth</u> Symphony or equivalents by asking “what is its nickname or key?”; reject “Great” symphonies in other keys, such as “Great G minor”]
<b><u>shark</b></u> attack [accept <em>Watson and the <b><u>Shark</b></u></em>; accept descriptions and forms such as being attacked by a <b><u>shark</b></u>; prompt on being <u>stranded</u> at sea]
<b><u>trochee</u></b> (“TRO-kee”) [or <b><u>choree</u></b>]
setting a <b><u>minimum wage</b></u> [accept answers involving <b><u>changing the minimum wage</b></u>; accept <b><u>minimum wage increase</b></u> or <b><u>minimum wage decrease</b></u>]
<b><u>Argentina</b></u> [or <b><u>Argentine</b></u> Republic or República <b><u>Argentina</b></u>] (The first clue refers to Piazzolla’s <em>Histoire du Tango</em>; the latter part of the second clue refers to Ginastera’s <em>Estancia</em>.)
Election of <b><u>1876</u></b>
George <b><u>Bellows</b></u> [or George Wesley <b><u>Bellows</b></u>]
<b><u>Helen</u></b> of Troy (The first two clues are from Shakespeare’s <em>Troilus and Cressida</em>.)
Grand Duchy of <b><u>Tuscany</u></b> [or Granducato di <b><u>Toscana</u></b>; accept Kingdom of <b><u>Etruria</u></b>; prompt on Duchy of <u>Florence</u> or Ducato di <u>Firenze</u> until “Florence” is read by asking “what larger state was that part of during the era clued?”]
<b><u>yog</u></b>a [accept hatha <b><u>yog</u></b>a; accept Ashtānga <b><u>yog</u></b>a; accept <b><u><em>Yoga</u></b> Sūtras</em>]
thermal <b><u>fluctuation</u></b>s [accept <b><u>fluctuation</u></b>–dissipation theorem]
Anna <b><u>Akhmatova</b></u> [or Anna Andreyevna <b><u>Gorenko</b></u>]
<b><u>Beethoven</u></b>’s Symphony No. <b><u>3</u></b> [or <b><u><em>Eroica</em></u></b> Symphony or Symphony No. <b><u>3</u></b> in E-flat major, Op. 55 by Ludwig van <b><u>Beethoven</u></b>; accept the <em>Sinfonia <b><u>Eroica</em></u></b> or <b><u><em>Heroic</em></u></b> Symphony]
<em>King <b><u>Lear</b></u></em>
<b><u>refrigeration</u></b> [or <b><u>cooling</u></b>; or <b><u>freezing</u></b>; accept <b><u>refrigerated foods</u></b> or <b><u>frozen foods</u></b>; accept <b><u>air conditioning</u></b>; accept <b><u>preserving ice</u></b>; accept mobile <b><u>refrigeration</u></b>; prompt on <u>insulation</u>] (Mark Kurlansky’s biography is about Clarence Birdseye, a pioneer in frozen foods. Frederic Tudor was known as the “Ice King.”)
<b><u>rhino</u></b>ceros (Some archaeologists argue the Golden Rhinoceros was imported from India since it only has one horn, and rhino species in Africa all have two. The Siberian Rhinoceros may have inspired the unicorn.)
<b><u>dharma wheel</u></b> [or <b><u>wheel of dharma</u></b> or answers mentioning a <b><u>wheel</u></b> and <b><u>dharma</u></b>; or <b><u>dharmachakra</u></b> or <b><u>dhammacakka</u></b>; accept <b><u>Fǎlún</u></b> or <b><u>Fǎlún</u></b> Gōng or <b><u>Fǎlún</u></b> Dàfǎ until “Fǎlún Gōng” is read; prompt on <u>wheel</u> or <u>law wheel</u>; prompt on <u>dharma</u>] (The lead-in is the “third turning of the dharma wheel.” The Fǎlún Gōng are based in Deerpark, New York, whose name is unrelated to the Deer Park Sermon.)
Highland <b><u>Clearance</b></u>s [or Scottish <b><u>Clearance</b></u>s; accept Sutherland <b><u>Clearance</b></u>s; prompt on Scottish <u>enclosure</u> movement; prompt on <u>evict</u>ions of tenants or word forms until read; prompt on <u>displace</u>ment of Scottish people or <u>resettle</u>ment of Scottish tenants or similar answers; reject “Lowland Clearances”]
<b><u>sphingomyelin</u></b> AND <b><u>lecithin</u></b> (“LESS-uh-thin”) [accept <b><u>lecithin</u></b>–<b><u>sphingomyelin</u></b> ratio; prompt on <u>L</u>/<u>S</u> ratio; prompt on partial answers; reject “myelin”]
John <b><u>Money</b></u>
<b><u>voter</u></b>s [accept any answer indicating people engaged in <b><u>voting</u></b>; accept median <b><u>voter</u></b> theorem; accept <em>The Home<b><u>voter</u></b> Hypothesis</em>;<em> </em>accept <em>The American <b><u>Voter</em></u></b>; accept <em>The Responsible <b><u>Elector</u></b>ate</em>] (Alesina and Angeletos assume that “optimal” redistributive policy “maximizes the utility of the median voter.”)
T. E. <b><u>Lawrence</u></b> [or <b><u>Lawrence</u></b> of Arabia; or Thomas Edward <b><u>Lawrence</u></b>]
<b><u>diptych</u></b>s [accept <em>Marilyn <b><u>Diptych</em></u></b>, Melun <b><u>Diptych</u></b>, Wilton <b><u>Diptych</u></b>, or Barberini <b><u>Diptych</u></b>; prompt on <u>polyptych</u>s; prompt on <u>altarpiece</u>s; prompt on <u>panel</u> painting or <u>hinged</u>; prompt on <u>ivory</u> by asking “in what format?”]
<b><u>John Birch</u></b> Society [prompt on <u>JBS</u>; prompt on <em>Gertz v. <u>Robert Welch Inc.</em></u>]
<b><u>haiku</u></b> [or <b><u>hokku</u></b>; prompt on <u>death</u> poem]
<b><u>Ireland</u></b> [or Republic of <b><u>Ireland</u></b>; or <b><u>Éire</u></b>; or Poblacht na h<b><u>Éireann</u></b>] (The novella is Claire Keegan’s <em>Foster</em>.)
James Abbott McNeill <b><u>Whistler</b></u>
<b><u>Mobile</b></u>, Alabama [accept <b><u>Mobile</b></u> Bay]
<b><u>capital</u></b>s
George <b><u>Orwell</u></b> [or Eric Arthur <b><u>Blair</u></b>]
<b><u>Jan</u></b> (“yahn”) [or <b><u>Johann</u></b>es; accept <b><u>Jan</u></b> Asselijn or <b><u>Jan</u></b> Steen or <b><u>Jan</u></b> Vermeer or <b><u>Johannes</u></b> Vermeer] (The first painting is <em>The Threatened Swan </em>by Jan Asselijn. Miró’s series is <em>Dutch Interiors</em>.)
<b><u>Mexican National Anthem</u></b> [or <b><u>Himno Nacional Mexicano</u></b>; or <b><u>Mexihcaletepetlacuicalt</u></b>; accept “<b><u>Mexicans, at the cry of war</u></b>” or “<b><u>Mexicanos, al grito de guerra</u></b>” or “<b><u>Ihcuca yaotl tenochnotzas mexihca</u></b>”; prompt on national <u>anthem</u> by asking “of which country?”]
<b><u>memory</u></b> [accept <b><u>memristor</u></b>s or <b><u>memory</u></b> function; prompt on <u>hysteresis</u>; prompt on <u>learn</u>ing; prompt on neuron <u>activation</u>]
<b><u>grad</u></b>ient [accept surrogate <b><u>grad</u></b>ient or <b><u>grad</u></b>ient descent; prompt on S<u>GD</u>; prompt on <u>del</u>]
<b><u>Continental Congress</u></b> [accept Second <b><u>Continental Congress</u></b>]
<b><u>serpent</u></b> [or <b><u>snake</u></b>; prompt on <u>dragon</u> or <u>hydra</u>]
Christopher <b><u>Marlowe</u></b> [or Kit <b><u>Marlowe</u></b>]
<b><u>piston</b></u>s [reject “cylinder,” “engines,” or “internal combustion engines”]
<b><u>inquisitor</u></b>s [accept Grand <b><u>Inquisitor</u></b>; accept “<b><u>Inquisitor</u></b> as Anthropologist”; prompt on <u>judge</u>s; prompt on <u>clergy</u>, <u>priest</u>s, <u>bishop</u>s<b> </b>or <u>friar</u>s] (“The Inquisitor as Anthropologist” is by Carlo Ginzburg.)
<b><u>Irish</u></b> [or <b><u>Gaeilge</u></b>, <b><u>Gaeilg</u></b>, <b><u>Gaeilic</u></b>, <b><u>Gaeilig</u></b>, <b><u>Gaelainn</u></b>, <b><u>Gaoluinn</u></b>, or <b><u>Gaedhealaing</u></b>; or <b><u>Irish Gaelic</u></b>; accept <b><u>Standard Irish</u></b> or An <b><u>Caighdeán</u></b> Oifigiúil; accept Modern <b><u>Irish</u></b>; prompt on <u>Gaelic</u>] (<em>An Triail</em> is by Mairéad Ní Ghráda. <em>Translations </em>is by Brian Friel.)
​Sea of <b><u>Galilee</b></u> [or Sea of <b><u>Kinneret</b></u> or Yam <b><u>Kinneret</b></u>; or Thalassan tēs <b><u>Galilaias</b></u>; accept Sea of <b><u>Tiberias</b></u>, Lake <b><u>Tiberias</b></u>, Thalassan tēs <b><u>Tiberiados</b></u>, or Buḥayret <b><u>Ṭabariyyā</b></u> until “Tiberias” is read; accept Lake <b><u>Hula</b></u>, Sea of <b><u>Sumchi</b></u>, Agam ha-<b><u>Hula</b></u>, Buheirat el <b><u>Huleh</b></u>, <b><u>Samchuna</b></u>, <b><u>Semechonitis</b></u>, Yam <b><u>Sumchi</b></u>, or <b><u>Hulata</b></u>; accept 363 <b><u>Galilee</b></u> earthquake or 749 <b><u>Galilee</b></u> earthquake; accept Sea of <b><u>Galilee</b></u> Boat] (The site in the first line is better known as Bethdaida. The historian was Josephus, who wrote about the First Jewish–Roman War. Julian supposedly said “Vicisti, Galilaee,” or “You win, Galilean.”)
<b><u>bone</u></b> [accept <em>The <b><u>Bone</u></b> Clocks</em>; accept <em>The <b><u>Bone</u></b> People</em>]
<b><u>conversion</u></b> to Islam [accept descriptions of adopting <b><u>Islam</u></b> or becoming a <b><u>Muslim</u></b>; accept <b><u>conversion curve</u></b>]
<b><u>ethanol</u></b> [or <b><u>ethyl alcohol</u></b>; or <b><u>EtOH</u></b>; or <b><u>C2H6O</u></b>]
eukaryotic <b><u>initiation factor</u></b>s [or <b><u>eIF</u></b>s; accept <b><u>eIF2</u></b> or <b><u>eIF4A</u></b> or <b><u>eIF5A</u></b> or <b><u>eukaryotic initiation factor 2</u></b> or <b><u>eukaryotic initiation factor 5A</u></b> or <b><u>eukaryotic initiation factor 4A</u></b>]
the <b><u>1660s</u></b> [prompt on <u>60s</u>]
<b><u>atlas</u></b> AND <b><u>axis</u></b> [accept <b><u>C1</u></b> vertebra or <b><u>first cervical</u></b> vertebra in place of “atlas”; accept <b><u>C2</u></b> vertebra or <b><u>second cervical</u></b> vertebra in place of “axis”; accept <b><u>atlanto-axial</u></b> joint; prompt on <u>cervical vertebra</u>e]
<b><u>California gold rush</b></u> [prompt on <u>gold rush</u> or <u>gold rush</u> of <u>1848</u>/<u>1849</u>; prompt on answers referring to a discovery at <u>Suttter</u>’s mill until “Sutter” is read; prompt on <u>California genocide</u> by asking “what major event which contributed to that genocide?”] (The lead-in refers to the 1850 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians, also called the Indian Indenture Act.)
<em>The <b><u>Membranes</em></u></b> [or <b><u><em>Mó</em></u></b>]
<b><u>dukkha</b></u> [or <b><u>duḥkha</b></u>; accept <b><u><em>Dukkhata</b></u> Sutta</em>]
<b><u>nostalgia</u></b> (<em>Ignorance</em> defines “nostalgia” using the Greek terms <em>nóstos</em>&nbsp;‘homecoming’ and <em>álgos</em>&nbsp;‘pain.’)
<b><u>Transcendentalism</u></b>
<b><u>Poland</b></u> [or <b><u>Polska</b></u>] (The unnamed thinkers are Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz and Stanisław Leśniewski.)
two-part <b><u>invention</u></b>s [or <b><u><em>inventionen</em></u></b>]
reactant <b><u>collision</u></b>s [accept <b><u>collision</u></b> frequency or <b><u>collision</u></b> theory or effective <b><u>collision</u></b>s; accept total <b><u>collision</u></b> energy; prompt on chemical <u>reaction</u>s until “steric” is read by asking “what specific processes in reactions?”; prompt on <u>cross</u>ed molecular beam experiments] (DSMC stands for direct simulation Monte Carlo, VSS stands for variable soft sphere, and VHS stands for variable hard sphere. The term in the fourth sentence is the mean molecule velocity. Sigma is the collision cross section.)
<b><u>calorimetry</u></b> [or bomb <b><u>calorimetry</u></b>]
<b><u><em>Lanark</em></u></b> [or <b><u><em>Lanark</u></b>: A Life in Four Books</em>]
<b><u>iron</u></b> [or meteoritic <b><u>iron</u></b>; accept <b><u>Iron</u></b> Age]
Benedict <b><u>Arnold</b></u>
<b><u>Müllerian</u></b> mimicry
<b><u>prison</u></b>s [or <b><u>jail</u></b>s; accept prison <b><u>cell</u></b>s; accept <em>So Vast the <b><u>Prison</em></u></b> or <em>Vaste est la <b><u>prison</em></u></b>] (The first novel is <em>So Vast the Prison</em> by Assia Djebar. <em>The Stranger</em> is by Albert Camus.)
<b><u>photon</u></b>s [prompt on <u>photo</u>sensitizers]
Battle of <b><u>Salamis</b></u>
<b><u>Ashoka</u></b> the Great [or <b><u>Aśoka</u></b>]
<b><u>elves</u></b> [or <b><u>elf</u></b>; accept <b><u>elf</u></b>-shot; accept <b><u>Álf</u></b>ar; accept light <b><u>elves</u></b> or dark <b><u>elves</u></b> or Dökk<b><u>álf</u></b>ar and Ljós<b><u>álf</u></b>ar] (The expression is ganga álfreka.)
Max von <b><u>Sydow</u></b> (“SEE-dov”) [or Carl Adolf von <b><u>Sydow</u></b>]
social <b><u>structure</b></u> [accept <b><u>structural</b></u>ism; accept <b><u>structuration</b></u>; accept <em>The <b><u>Structure</b></u> of Social Action</em>; accept <b><u>structural</b></u> functionalism]
<b><u>shot noise</u></b> [accept <b><u>shot</u></b> noise after “noise” is read; accept <b><u>Poisson noise</u></b> until “Poisson” is read and prompt afterward; accept <b><u>Schottky noise</u></b> until “Schottky’s” is read and prompt afterwards; prompt on <u>noise</u> until read]
Ilya <b><u>Kabakov</b></u>
<b><u>reification</u></b> [or “<b><u>Reification</u></b> and the Consciousness of the Proletariat”]
being sent to <b><u>Siberia</u></b> [or <b><u>katorga</u></b>; accept descriptions mentioning <b><u>Siberia</u></b>; accept <b><u>Sibir’</u></b> in place of “Siberia”; prompt on <u>exile</u>, <u>imprisonment</u>, <u>transportation</u>, hard <u>labor</u>, penal <u>colony</u>, or <u>prison</u> camp]
<b><u>polymerization</u></b> [accept radical <b><u>polymerization</u></b>; accept descriptions of the <b><u>formation</u></b> of <b><u>polymer</u></b>s]
<b><u>cat</u></b>s [prompt on <u>pet</u>s]
<b><u>Glivenko–Cantelli</u></b> theorem
<b><u>thieves</u></b> [or <b><u>robber</u></b>s or <b><u>cutpurse</u></b>s or <b><u>burglar</u></b>s or <b><u>bandit</u></b>s or <b><u>mugger</u></b>s or <b><u>pickpocket</u></b>s or <b><u>bandit</u></b>s or <b><u>pillager</u></b>s or <b><u>brigand</u></b>s or <b><u>cutpurse</u></b>s or <b><u>footpad</u></b>s or <b><u>highwaymen</u></b> or <b><u>swindler</u></b>s or <b><u>stealer</u></b>s; prompt on <u>criminal</u>s by asking “what crime?”; prompt on <u>crucifixion</u> victims or other answers indicating someone as <u>crucified</u> by asking “what general type of person are they?”]
<b><u>Cajamarca</u></b> (“ka-ha-MAR-ka”) [or <b><u>Kashamarka</u></b>; accept Battle of <b><u>Cajamarca</u></b>; accept Massacre at <b><u>Cajamarca</u></b>]
<b><u>Arkansas</b></u> [or <b><u>AR</b></u>]
<b><u>Poland</u></b> [or Republic of <b><u>Poland</u></b>; or Rzeczpospolita <b><u>Polska</u></b>] (Tekla Bądarzewska-Baranowska composed “A Maiden’s Prayer.” Moritz Moszkowski composed the Piano Concerto No. 2 in E major, Op. 59.)