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nikchar

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retrieval_verification_roberta

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[ "Heaven_Can_Wait_-LRB-1978_film-RRB-", "Mr._Jordan", "Heaven_Below", "P.O.A-COLON-_Pop_on_Arrival", "Images_of_Heaven_-LRB-EP-RRB-" ]

[ "Heaven Can Wait is a 1978 American fantasy-comedy film co-directed by Warren Beatty and Buck Henry . It was the second film adaptation of Harry Segall 's play of the same name , being preceded by Here Comes Mr. Jordan -LRB- 1941 -RRB- . The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards . The cast reunites Beatty and Julie Christie , who also starred together in the 1971 McCabe & Mrs. Miller and the 1975 Shampoo . A third film adaptation of the play was done in 2001 , titled Down to Earth . ", "Mr. Jordan is the third studio album by singer-songwriter Julian Lennon . It was Lennon 's first album in three years after taking a hiatus from the music industry . ", "Heaven Below is an American hard rock band based in Los Angeles . The band 's debut album Countdown to Devil released March 2009 reached No. 1 on Tradebit.com and No. 15 on Amazon.com 's New Releases chart . The band also achieved Top 20 on Music Choice . ", "P.O.A. : Pop on Arrival is the 5th album released by Japanese band Beat Crusaders , and the 1st full-length album released under the DefSTAR Records Label . It was released May 11 , 2005 . Upon its release , there were two versions available , the Original Version and Limited Edition -LRB- 初回生産限定盤 ; The first production limited board -RRB- . The Original features 14 tracks , while the Limited Edition includes Bonus Tracks `` Get Up ! Get Up ! '' and `` Say Good-Night '' which differentiate the order of tracks on either CD . ", "Images of Heaven is the second EP by Peter Godwin . The EP was released in 1982 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Zoe_Saldana", "Zoë_Porphyrogenita", "Angela_Salawa", "Beni_Veras", "Alberto_Valdiri" ]

[ "Zoe Saldana-Perego -LRB- born Zoe Yadira Saldaña Nazario , June 19 , 1978 -RRB- , known professionally as Zoe Saldana or Zoë Saldana , is an American actress and dancer . Following her performances with the theater group Faces , Saldana made her screen debut in an episode of Law & Order -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . Her film career began a year later with Center Stage -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , where she played a struggling ballet dancer , followed by a role in Crossroads -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Saldana 's breakthrough came in 2009 with the roles of Nyota Uhura in Star Trek and Neytiri in James Cameron 's Avatar -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . The latter film received widespread acclaim , and is the highest-grossing film of all time . Saldana continued her career with films such as Colombiana -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Guardians of the Galaxy -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Star Trek Beyond -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . ", "Zoë -LRB- Ζωή `` life '' -LSB- zo'i -RSB- ; 978 -- June 1050 -RRB- reigned as Byzantine Empress alongside her sister Theodora from April 19 to June 11 , 1042 . She was also enthroned as the Empress Consort to a series of co-rulers beginning with Romanos III in 1028 until her death in 1050 while married to Constantine IX . ", "Blessed Angela Salawa -LRB- 9 September 1881 - 12 March 1922 -RRB- was a Polish woman who served in hospitals in World War I . She was the 11th child and lived in a very religious family . She became a member of the Secular Franciscan Order and worked in hospitals throughout World War I . She later became sick due to working alongside the sick and died in 1922 . On the road to sainthood Pope John Paul II beatified her in 1991 . ", "Benedito Clayton Veras Alcântara , known by Beni Veras , -LRB- August 18 , 1935 -- November 6 , 2015 -RRB- was a Brazilian politician and businessman . He served as the Governor of Ceará from April 5 , 2002 , to January 1 , 2003 , following the resignation of his predecessor , Governor Tasso Jereissati . He had previously served as a member of the Federal Senate from Ceará from 1991 to 1999 , as well as the national Minister of Planning , Budget , and Management from 1994 to 1995 during the administration of President Itamar Franco . Veras was also a founder of Ceará state branch of the PSDB political party and contributed to the development of the Centro Industrial do Ceará -LRB- CIC -RRB- in Fortaleza , the state capital city . Veras was born in Crateús , Ceará , in 1935 . He attended school at the Liceu do Ceará . Veras was married to Vanda de Sousa Alcântara , with whom he had four children . Beni Veras died in Fortaleza on November 6 , 2015 , at the age of 80 . His funeral was held at the Palácio da Abolição in the Bairro Meireles neighborhood of Fortaleza . The Ceará state government declared three days of mourning following Veras ' death . ", "Alberto Valdiri -LRB- Barranquilla - August 14 , 1959 -- Bogotá - December 20 , 2014 -RRB- was a Colombian actor whose credits included comedic and dramatics roles in television series , telenovelas , theater , and more than twenty films . He appeared as Gordito González on Yo soy Betty , la fea and Francisco Mujica in the 2008 telenovela , Doña Bárbara . Valdiri died from a heart attack in Bogota , Colombia , on December 20 , 2014 , at the age of 55 . He was buried in Cementerio Distrital Norte in Bogota . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Airbus_A380", "Wataniya_Airways", "XpressAir", "Lockheed_C-130_Hercules_in_Australian_service", "Kato_Airline" ]

[ "The Airbus A380 is a double-deck , wide-body , four-engine jet airliner manufactured by European manufacturer Airbus . It is the world 's largest passenger airliner , and the airports at which it operates have upgraded facilities to accommodate it . It was initially named Airbus A3XX and designed to challenge Boeing 's monopoly in the large-aircraft market . The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and entered commercial service on 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines . The A380 's upper deck extends along the entire length of the fuselage , with a width equivalent to a wide-body aircraft . This gives the A380-800 's cabin 550 m2 of usable floor space , 40 % more than the next largest airliner , the Boeing 747-8 , and provides seating for 525 people in a typical three-class configuration or up to 853 people in an all-economy class configuration . The A380-800 has a design range of 15700 km , serving the second - and third-longest non-stop scheduled flights in the world -LRB- as of February 2017 -RRB- , and a cruising speed of Mach 0.85 -LRB- about 900 km/h , 560 mph or 490 kt at cruising altitude -RRB- . , Airbus had received 317 firm orders and delivered 210 aircraft ; Emirates is the biggest A380 customer with 142 ordered of which 94 have been delivered . ", "Kuwait Wataniya Airways -LRB- K.S.C. -RRB- , doing business as Wataniya Airways , is a publicly traded company on the Kuwait Stock Exchange . Wataniya Airways ' hub is the exclusive Sheikh Saad Terminal in Kuwait while its corporate headquarters were on the property of Kuwait International Airport , Al Farwaniyah Governorate , Kuwait . The airline was founded in 2006 and received an Air Operators Certificate in July 2008 . It started services with an Airbus A320 in January 2009 from the Sheikh Saad General Aviation Terminal and provided flights from Kuwait to destinations across the Persian Gulf , wider Middle East and Europe . Wataniya Airways was the first and only commercial airline to operate its flights out of a private terminal in Kuwait . Wataniya Airways ' A320 aircraft has a dual-cabin configuration composed of Business First and Premium Economy sections . ", "Xpress Air established itself as a Domestic Regular Airline that offers direct flights to the Eastern parts of Indonesia , with its first leap in the year 2005 and from 2014 served international routes to Malaysia . Beginning with its two Boeing 737s , Xpress Air became the first privately owned , scheduled airline that connects Jakarta to 24 domestic destinations like Makassar -LRB- formerly known as Ujung Pandang -RRB- , Ternate , Sorong , Manokwari , and Jayapura . Makassar serves as a main hub for all flights coming from Java islands to the Eastern cities of Indonesia , while Sorong serves as a second hub in Papua , connecting remote places surrounding West Papua Area . Xpress Air is supported by PT Aero Nusantara Indonesia -LRB- ANI -RRB- , a trusted Aircraft Maintenance Provider , ensuring a pledge to safety , quality and security to its passengers . Express Air is listed in category 1 by Indonesian Civil Aviation Authority for airline safety quality . ", "The Royal Australian Air Force -LRB- RAAF -RRB- has operated forty-eight Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport aircraft . The type entered Australian service in December 1958 , when No. 36 Squadron accepted the first of twelve C-130As , replacing its venerable Douglas C-47 Dakotas . The acquisition made Australia the first operator of the Hercules after the United States . In 1966 the C-130As were joined by twelve C-130Es , which equipped No. 37 Squadron . The C-130As were replaced by twelve C-130Hs in 1978 , and the C-130Es by twelve C-130J Super Hercules in 1999 . No. 37 Squadron became the RAAF 's sole Hercules operator in 2006 , when No. 36 Squadron transferred its C-130Hs prior to converting to Boeing C-17 Globemaster III heavy transports . The C-130Hs were retired in November 2012 , leaving the C-130J as the only model in Australian service . The RAAF 's first strategic airlifter , the Hercules has frequently been used to deliver disaster relief in Australia and the Pacific region , as well as to support military deployments overseas . The aircraft saw extensive service during the Vietnam War , transporting troops and cargo to Southeast Asia and undertaking aeromedical evacuation . Nineteen of the RAAF 's fleet of twenty-four C-130s took part in relief efforts in 1974 -- 75 after Cyclone Tracy struck Darwin . Since then , the Hercules have been involved in humanitarian missions to New Guinea , Ethiopia , Rwanda , Cambodia , Bali , Sumatra , and New Zealand . They have also seen service during the Iranian Revolution in 1979 , the Fijian coups in 1987 , operations in Somalia in 1993 , INTERFET operations in East Timor in 1999 -- 2000 , and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq beginning in 2001 . In over fifty years of Australian service , the Hercules have accumulated more than 800,000 flying hours . ", "Kato Airline AS , trading as Kato Air , was an airline which operated in Northern Norway between 1995 and 2008 . Although also operating some smaller aircraft , the main portion of the airline 's fleet were two Dornier Do 228 . The airline was based at the grounds of Harstad/Narvik Airport , Evenes in Evenes . Commercial operations began in 1996 . An early contract was fling newspapers out of Harstad . During 1999 the airline took delivery of two Do 228s and started a scheduled service from Harstad/Narvik to Bodø and Tromsø . The route was not viable and closed later that year . In the process Kato Air took over the fixed-wing operations of Helitrans and set up a base at Trondheim Airport , Værnes . Instead the airline focused on charter to oil companies , particularly flying charters from Trondheim to Brønnøysund . The airline won the public service obligations from Bodø to Røst and to Narvik Airport , Framnes in 2003 . Later the year they also won a major contract with Norway Post . The airline suffered two serious incidents . A Do 228 crashed and was written off after a lightning strike on 4 December 2003 . A scheduled service was hijacked on 29 September 2004 . The Brønnøysund , Framnes and newspaper routes were all lost in 2006 , after which the company fell into financial difficulties . The maintenance certificate was withdrawn on 28 August 2008 and the airline ceased operations on 1 September . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Innovation", "Eco_commerce", "Solution_architect", "Intrapreneurship", "Devthon" ]

[ "Innovation can be defined simply as a `` new idea , device or method '' . However , innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements , unarticulated needs , or existing market needs . This is accomplished through more-effective products , processes , services , technologies , or business models that are readily available to markets , governments and society . The term `` innovation '' can be defined as something original and more effective and , as a consequence , new , that `` breaks into '' the market or society . It is related to , but not the same as , invention . Innovation is often manifested via the engineering process . The opposite of innovation is exnovation . While a novel device is often described as an innovation , in economics , management science , and other fields of practice and analysis , innovation is generally considered to be the result of a process that brings together various novel ideas in a way that they affect society . In industrial economics , innovations are created and found empirically from services to meet the growing consumer demand . ", "Eco commerce is a business , investment , and technology-development model that employs market-based solutions to balancing the world 's energy needs and environmental integrity . Through the use of green trading and green finance , eco-commerce promotes the further development of `` clean technologies '' such as wind power , solar power , biomass , and hydropower . EcoCommerce is an integrated ecological-economical model that provides a means to account for and value land management activities that improves the condition of natural capital and values the output of ecoservices . EcoCommerce is more comprehensive than a compilation or organization of ecosystems service markets as it provides the framework to build an ecological intelligence system that allows the public arena of commerce to define sustainability . ", "A solution architect , in information technology , is a practitioner of solution architecture . Typically part of the solution development team , the solution architect translates requirements created by functional analysts into the architecture for that solution and describing it through architecture and design artifacts . The rest of the development team then uses those artifacts to implement the solution . The solution architect 's process typically involves selecting the most appropriate technology for the problem . ", "Intrapreneurship is the act of behaving like an entrepreneur while working within a large organization . Intrapreneurship is known as the practice of a corporate management style that integrates risk-taking and innovation approaches , as well as the reward and motivational techniques , that are more traditionally thought of as being the province of entrepreneurship ", "A devthon is a process that blends the principles of design thinking , co-creation , and rapid prototyping into a seamless unified method to trigger innovation . At the core of it is an event format that brings an interdisciplinary collaborative model to solve challenges and prototype new experiences . A devthon is generally focused on an `` area of innovation '' such as healthcare or rural livelihood . Participants go through different phases like immersion , ideation , design , and prototyping -LRB- hacking -RRB- , leading to a demonstrable proof of concept . The process differs from to a hackathon due to its emphasis on immersion , discovery , and design . Devthons are also not time-constrained like a hackathon , and can run for a few weeks . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Challenge_XXX-COLON-_Dirty_30", "Exposed_-LRB-MTV_series-RRB-", "The_Challenge-COLON-_Rivals_III", "Dirty_Vegas_-LRB-album-RRB-", "List_of_Liquid_Television_episodes" ]

[ "The Challenge XXX : Dirty 30 is the thirtieth season of the MTV reality competition series , The Challenge . The rumored individual format was filmed in Colombia , with alumni from Real World , Road Rules , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge , Fresh Meat II , and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . ", "MTV 's Exposed is a television dating show which ran on MTV . It debuted on January 1 , 2007 , and was produced by Kallissa Productions and Endemol USA , as a `` successor '' to the dating show Next . The show ended by 2008 . ", "The Challenge : Rivals III is the 28th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge . Being the third in the Rivals series , Rivals III marks the show 's third trilogy -LRB- following the Inferno and Gauntlet series -RRB- , continuing on from the original Rivals and Rivals II . It was filmed in Huatulco , Mexico and Mendoza , Argentina during November and December 2015 , with former cast members from MTV 's Real World , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . This season marks the first since season 11 to not feature any original cast members from the Fresh Meat or Fresh Meat II challenges . Unlike the previous two installments of the Rivals series , which featured same-gender pairs , Rivals III saw a change in format , with male/female pairs that had bitter feuds , fights , or strained relationships in previous seasons of Real World , The Challenge , and Are You the One ? -LRB- similar to the Battle of the Exes series -RRB- . Unlike the other Rivals seasons , only the winning team from each week 's challenge was allowed to decide which team would face the last-place team in the elimination round . The season premiered on May 4 , 2016 , and concluded on August 3 , 2016 , with the Reunion special . Lisa Fletcher replaced longtime Challenge producer Justin Booth as executive producer this season . Booth had served as the executive producer since season 15 . ", "Dirty Vegas is the self-titled debut album by British house music trio Dirty Vegas , released in the United States on 4 June 2002 -LRB- see 2002 in music -RRB- . The album was successful in the United States , debuting at number 7 on the Billboard 200 . It would spend 19 weeks on the chart and eventually going Gold . The album also spent 16 non consecutive weeks at number-one on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart . The album features the radio hit `` Days Go By '' which was also used in a commercial for the Mitsubishi Eclipse and in the video game , DDRMAX2 : Dance Dance Revolution . The album artwork is done by American artist Richard Phillips . ", "This article is a list of episodes of the MTV series Liquid Television . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "A_United_Kingdom", "List_of_British_films_of_2004", "List_of_British_films_of_1920", "War_&_Peace_-LRB-2016_TV_series-RRB-", "Manchester_by_the_Sea_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "A United Kingdom is a 2016 British biographical romantic drama film directed by Amma Asante and written by Guy Hibbert , based on the true-life romance between Sir Seretse Khama and his wife Ruth Williams Khama . David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike portray Seretse and Ruth , respectively . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival , and was the opening film at the 60th London Film Festival , the second year in a row that a British film featured . ", "A list of British films released in 2004 : ", "A list of British films released in 1920 . ", "War & Peace is a British-American historical period drama television serial first broadcast on BBC One on 3 January 2016 . It is a six-part adaptation of the novel War and Peace by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy , written by Andrew Davies and directed by Tom Harper . War & Peace aired on A&E , Lifetime , and History Channel in the United States as four two-hour episodes , beginning on 18 January 2016 . The serial stars Paul Dano , Lily James and James Norton in the leading roles . ", "Manchester by the Sea is a 2016 American drama film written and directed by Kenneth Lonergan , and starring Casey Affleck , Michelle Williams , Kyle Chandler , and Lucas Hedges . The plot follows a man who looks after his teenage nephew after his brother dies . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23 , 2016 and was soon picked up by Amazon Studios for distribution . It began a limited release on November 18 , 2016 , before going wide on December 16 , 2016 and grossed $ 74 million worldwide on an $ 8.5 million budget . Manchester by the Sea received critical acclaim upon its release and was counted among the best films of 2016 . Critics praised in particular Affleck 's performance , as well as Lonergan 's direction and screenplay . At the 89th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations : Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor -LRB- Affleck -RRB- , Best Supporting Actor -LRB- Hedges -RRB- , Best Supporting Actress -LRB- Williams -RRB- , and Best Original Screenplay -- winning for Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor . It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and was nominated in four more categories . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 1, 2 ]

[ "Food_Network", "Cooking_Channel", "WE_tv_-LRB-U.S._TV_channel-RRB-", "Amazing_Eats", "Starfish_Television_Network" ]

[ "Food Network -LRB- legally known as Television Food Network -RRB- is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Television Food Network , G.P. , a joint venture between Scripps Networks Interactive -LRB- which owns 70 % of the network -RRB- and the Tribune -LRB- FN -RRB- Cable Ventures Inc. -LRB- which owns the remaining 30 % -RRB- . Despite this ownership structure , the channel is managed as a division of Scripps Networks Interactive . The channel airs both specials and regular episodic programs about food and cooking . In addition to its headquarters in New York City , Food Network has offices in Atlanta , Los Angeles , San Francisco , Chicago , Detroit , Jersey City , Cincinnati , and Knoxville , Tennessee . As of February 2015 , Food Network is available to approximately 96,931,000 pay television households -LRB- 83.3 % of households with television -RRB- in the United States . ", "Cooking Channel is an American cable channel owned by Scripps Networks Interactive . The channel is a spin-off of Food Network , broadcasting programming related to food and cooking . As opposed to its parent network 's growing focus on reality and competition series , Cooking Channel is oriented towards instructional and chef-oriented programming -- which have been largely displaced by the growth of Food Network 's reality programming . The network airs both new series , and archived programming from Food Network . Cooking Channel replaced Fine Living Network on May 31 , 2010 -LRB- coinciding with the Memorial Day holiday -RRB- , pushed ahead from a planned launch later in the year . As of February 2015 , Cooking Channel is available to approximately 61,951,000 pay television households -LRB- 53.2 % of households with television -RRB- in the United States . ", "WE tv is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by AMC Networks . Similar to VH1 and Bravo , the channel 's programming focus is bent mainly towards women , though since the fall of 2014 , the network has also attempted to accommodate additional male viewership . As of February 2015 , approximately 85.2 million American households -LRB- 73.2 % of households with television -RRB- received WE tv . In March 2015 , Dish TV 's Sling TV announced it would soon begin making AMC Networks channels available to cord cutters , including AMC , BBC America , IFC , SundanceTV , and WE tv . ", "Amazing Eats is an American food reality television series that premiered on January 11 , 2012 on the Travel Channel . The program is hosted by actor and food enthusiast Adam Richman . In each episode , Richman tracks down cuisines of the United States . Episodes air every Wednesday at 9pm EST in place of Richman 's popular series Man v. Food during its mid-season break . The episodes consist primarily of footage from Man v. Food and Man v. Food Nation re-edited by theme instead of city , and with the eating challenge segments omitted . ", "Starfish Television Network was the first public service broadcaster that primarily broadcast programming by and about non-profit humanitarian organizations , at no cost for airtime to those organizations . Founded in early 2007 , it began broadcasting on April 18 , 2007 and ceased on March 31 , 2010 . At its peak , it was available to over 13 million households and featured nearly 600 non-profit organizations . Category : American television networks Category : Television channels and stations established in 2007 " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Invisible_Man_-LRB-film-RRB-", "The_Invisible_Man", "Griffin_-LRB-The_Invisible_Man-RRB-", "Hollow_Man", "Darwin_-LRB-comics-RRB-" ]

[ "The Invisible Man is an American 1933 Pre-Code science fiction horror film based on H. G. Wells ' science fiction novel The Invisible Man , published in 1897 , as adapted by R.C. Sherriff , Philip Wylie and Preston Sturges , whose work was considered unsatisfactory and who was taken off the project . Produced by Universal Studios , the film was directed by James Whale and stars Claude Rains , in his first American screen appearance , and Gloria Stuart . It spawned a number of sequels , plus many spinoffs using the idea of an `` invisible man '' that were largely unrelated to Wells ' original story . Rains portrayed the Invisible Man -LRB- Dr. Jack Griffin -RRB- mostly only as a disembodied voice . Rains is only shown clearly for a brief time at the end of the film , spending most of his on-screen time covered by bandages . In 2008 The Invisible Man was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' ", "The Invisible Man is a science fiction novella by H. G. Wells . Originally serialized in Pearson 's Weekly in 1897 , it was published as a novel the same year . The Invisible Man of the title is Griffin , a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body 's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light and thus becomes invisible . He successfully carries out this procedure on himself , but fails in his attempt to reverse it . While its predecessors , The Time Machine and The Island of Doctor Moreau , were written using first-person narrators , Wells adopts a third-person objective point of view in The Invisible Man . ", "Dr. Griffin is a fictional character , also known as The Invisible Man , who appears as the titular protagonist in H.G. Wells ' 1897 science fiction novella The Invisible Man . In the original novel , Griffin is a scientist whose research in optics and experiments into changing the human body 's refractive index to that of air results in his becoming invisible . The character has become iconic , particularly in horror fiction , and versions and variations have appeared throughout various media . ", "Hollow Man is a 2000 American-German science fiction horror film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Kevin Bacon , Elisabeth Shue and Josh Brolin . Bacon portrays the title character , a scientist who renders himself invisible and goes on a killing spree , a story inspired by H. G. Wells ' novel The Invisible Man . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Visual Effects in 2001 , but lost to Gladiator . The film is Verhoeven 's most recent American production . In 2013 , Verhoeven remarked to The Hollywood Reporter : `` I decided after Hollow Man , this is a movie , the first movie that I made that I thought I should not have made . It made money and this and that , but it really is not me anymore . I think many other people could have done that . I do n't think many people could have made RoboCop that way , or either Starship Troopers . But Hollow Man , I thought there might have been 20 directors in Hollywood who could have done that . I felt depressed with myself after 2002 . '' It partly contributed in his return to the Netherlands , his home country , where he made Black Book in 2006 , which was considered a return to form . A direct-to-video stand-alone sequel called Hollow Man 2 starring Christian Slater and Peter Facinelli was released in 2006 . ", "Darwin -LRB- born Armando Muñoz -RRB- is a mutant superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He first appeared in X-Men : Deadly Genesis # 2 , and was created by writer Ed Brubaker and artist Pete Woods . Darwin appears in X-Men : First Class where he is played by actor Edi Gathegi . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Babur", "Pir_Baba", "Boban_Babunski", "Evgeny_Baburin", "Mübariz_Mansimov" ]

[ "Babur -LRB- -LSB- بابر , lit = Tiger , translit = Bābur -RSB- 14 February 148326 December 1530 -RRB- , born Ẓahīr-ud-Dīn Muḥammad -LRB- -LSB- ظهیرالدین محمد , translit = Ẓahīr ad-Dīn Muḥammad -RSB- -RRB- , was a conqueror from Central Asia who , following a series of setbacks , finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor . He was a direct descendant of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur -LRB- Tamurlane -RRB- from the Barlas clan , through his father , and also a descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother . He was also influenced by the Persian culture and this affected both his own actions and those of his successors , giving rise to a significant expansion of the Persianate ethos in the Indian subcontinent . Babur was the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza . He ascended the throne of Fergana in 1495 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion from his own relatives . He conquered Samarkand two years later , only to lose the city of Fergana soon after . In his attempt to reconquer Fergana , he lost control of Samarkand . In 1501 , his attempt to recapture both cities went in vain as he was defeated by Muhammad Shaybani Khan . In 1504 , he conquered Kabul , which was under the rule of the infant heir of Ulugh Begh . Babur formed a partnership with Safavid ruler Ismail I and reconquered parts of central Asia , including Samarkand , only to again lose it and the other newly conquered lands to the Uzbeks . After losing Samarkand for the third time , Babur turned his attention to creating his empire in north India . At that time , the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the northern Indian Subcontinent was ruled by Ibrahim Lodi of the Afghan Lodi dynasty , whereas Rajputana was ruled by a Hindu Rajput Confederacy , led by Rana Sanga of Mewar . In 1524 , Daulat Khan Lodi , a rebel of the Lodhi dynasty , invited Babur to overthrow Ibrahim and become ruler . Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and founded the Mughal empire . However , he again faced opposition , this time from Rana Sanga of Mewar who considered Babur a foreigner . The Rana was defeated at the Battle of Khanwa . Babur married several times . Notable among his sons are Humayun , Kamran Mirza and Hindal Mirza . Babur died in 1530 and was succeeded by Humayun . According to Babur 's wishes , he was buried in Bagh-e-Babur in Kabul , Afghanistan . Being a patrilineal descendant of Timur , Babur considered himself a Timurid and Turk , though Uzbek sources claim him as an ethnic Uzbek . He is considered a national hero in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan . Many of his poems also have become popular folk songs . He wrote his autobiography , Baburnama , in Chaghatai Turkic and this was translated into Persian during Akbar 's reign . ", "Hazrat Pir Baba , was a Sufi saint whose real name was Ali Tirmizi , of the Kubrawi Sufi Order He was probably born in Hijri or AH 908 -LRB- 1431 CE -RRB- , in present-day Uzbekistan , died in AH 991 -LRB- 1502 CE -RRB- . ", "Boban Babunski -LRB- Бобан Бабунски born 5 May 1968 -RRB- is a Macedonian retired footballer who played as a central defender , and a coach . ", "Evgeny Baburin -LRB- born July 4 , 1987 -RRB- is a Russian basketball player for Lokomotiv Kuban and the Russian national team , where he participated at the EuroBasket 2015 . ", "Mübariz Mansimov -LRB- Mübariz Mənsimov , legally Mübariz Gurbanoğlu ; born March 22 , 1968 -RRB- is an Azerbaijani-born entrepreneur and the founder of Palmali Group of Companies , a major shipping company , as well of the Azerbaijani football club Khazar Lankaran . He became a naturalized Turkish citizen in 2006 . He is currently listed on Forbes list of billionaires , the youngest billionaire in Turkey as of March 1 , 2009 . He has invested heavily in Turkey and owns Palmarina Yalikavak , which often has many of the world 's billionaires accumulate here . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Sean_Gunn", "Avengers_-LRB-comics-RRB-", "Tony_Williamson", "Iron_Man_-LRB-2008_film-RRB-", "Sean_Slater" ]

[ "Sean Gunn is an American actor , best known for his role as Kirk Gleason on the television show Gilmore Girls -LRB- 2000 -- 2007 -RRB- and Kraglin in Guardians of the Galaxy . He is the younger brother of filmmaker James Gunn . ", "The Avengers are a fictional team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The team made its debut in The Avengers # 1 -LRB- cover-dated Sept. 1963 -RRB- , created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby , inspired by the success of DC Comics ' Justice League of America . Labeled `` Earth 's Mightiest Heroes '' , the Avengers originally consisted of Ant-Man , the Hulk , Iron Man , Thor , and the Wasp . Ant-Man had become Giant-Man by issue # 2 . The original Captain America was discovered trapped in ice in issue # 4 , and joined the group after they revived him . A rotating roster became a hallmark of the series , although one theme remained consistent : the Avengers fight `` the foes no single superhero can withstand . '' The team , famous for its battle cry of `` Avengers Assemble ! '' , has featured humans , mutants , Inhumans , androids , aliens , supernatural beings , and even former villains . The team has appeared in a wide variety of media outside of comic books including a number of different animated television series and direct-to-video films . The 2012 live-action feature film The Avengers , directed by Joss Whedon , set numerous records during its box office run , including one of the biggest opening debuts in North America , with a weekend gross of $ 207.4 million . A second Avengers film titled Avengers : Age of Ultron was released on May 1 , 2015 . ", "Tony Williamson -LRB- born in Manchester 18 December 1932 , died 19 June 1991 -RRB- was a prolific British television writer , most active from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s . He wrote primarily for the action-adventure and espionage genres . Perhaps because of his early involvement in The Avengers , he often found work on shows that featured fantasy adventure , rather than the kitchen sink realism that had arisen in Britain at the start of his career . Series with extraordinary lead characters in unusual circumstances , such as Department S , Jason King , Randall and Hopkirk -LRB- Deceased -RRB- and The Adventurer , dominated his output . He has been credited with creating the short-lived dramas Intrigue and Counterstrike , as well as being a key player in the development of Adam Adamant Lives ! . ", "Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the first film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by Jon Favreau , with a screenplay by Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby and Art Marcum & Matt Holloway . It stars Robert Downey Jr. , Terrence Howard , Jeff Bridges , Shaun Toub and Gwyneth Paltrow . In Iron Man , Tony Stark , an industrialist and master engineer , builds a powered exoskeleton and becomes the technologically advanced superhero Iron Man . The film had been in development since 1990 at Universal Pictures , 20th Century Fox , or New Line Cinema at various times , before Marvel Studios reacquired the rights in 2006 . Marvel put the project in production as its first self-financed film , with Paramount Pictures as its distributor . Favreau signed on as director , aiming for a naturalistic feel , and he chose to shoot the film primarily in California , rejecting the East Coast setting of the comics to differentiate the film from numerous superhero films set in New York City-esque environments . Filming began in March 2007 and concluded in June . During filming , the actors were free to create their own dialogue because pre-production was focused on the story and action . Rubber and metal versions of the armors , created by Stan Winston 's company , were mixed with computer-generated imagery to create the title character . Iron Man premiered in Sydney on April 14 , 2008 , and was released in theaters on May 2 , 2008 . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 585 million and garnering widespread critical acclaim . Downey 's performance as Tony Stark was particularly praised . The American Film Institute selected the film as one of the ten best of the year . It was also nominated for two Academy Awards for the Best Sound Editing and the Best Visual Effects . Two sequels , Iron Man 2 and Iron Man 3 , were released on May 7 , 2010 , and May 3 , 2013 , respectively . ", "Sean Slater is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders , played by Robert Kazinsky . Sean left the Square temporarily on 27 March 2007 , as Kazinsky was suspended from work for two months . He returned on 28 May 2007 . It was announced on 18 January 2008 that Kazinsky would finish filming the show in October 2008 , but that the character would remain on screen until New Year . He made his final appearance on 1 January 2009 . " ]

[ 0, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Manchester_by_the_Sea_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Manchester_United_F.C.", "Romancing_the_Stone", "The_Polar_Express_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Scream_-LRB-franchise-RRB-" ]

[ "Manchester by the Sea is a 2016 American drama film written and directed by Kenneth Lonergan , and starring Casey Affleck , Michelle Williams , Kyle Chandler , and Lucas Hedges . The plot follows a man who looks after his teenage nephew after his brother dies . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23 , 2016 and was soon picked up by Amazon Studios for distribution . It began a limited release on November 18 , 2016 , before going wide on December 16 , 2016 and grossed $ 74 million worldwide on an $ 8.5 million budget . Manchester by the Sea received critical acclaim upon its release and was counted among the best films of 2016 . Critics praised in particular Affleck 's performance , as well as Lonergan 's direction and screenplay . At the 89th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations : Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor -LRB- Affleck -RRB- , Best Supporting Actor -LRB- Hedges -RRB- , Best Supporting Actress -LRB- Williams -RRB- , and Best Original Screenplay -- winning for Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor . It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and was nominated in four more categories . ", "Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford , Greater Manchester , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . Nicknamed `` the Red Devils '' , the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878 , changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium , Old Trafford , in 1910 . Manchester United are the most successful club in England , having won a record 20 League Titles , 12 FA Cups , 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields . The club has also won three UEFA Champions League , one UEFA Europa League , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . In 1998 -- 99 , the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League , the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League . In 2016 -- 17 , they also , by winning the UEFA Europa League , became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions . In winning all three top domestic trophies -LRB- as well as both iterations of the English championship -RRB- , all three major European trophies , both the domestic and European super cups , and both international titles -LRB- the now-defunct Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and its successor , the FIFA World Club Cup in 2008 -RRB- , the club has achieved a clean sweep of all top honours available to it ; the first and thus far only English club to do so . The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players . In 1968 , under the management of Matt Busby , Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup . Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager , including 13 Premier League titles , 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues , between 1986 and 2013 , when he announced his retirement . José Mourinho is the club 's current manager , having been appointed on 27 May 2016 . Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2015 -- 16 , with an annual revenue of $ 689 million , and the world 's third most valuable football club in 2015 , valued at # 1.98 billion . As of June 2015 , it is the world 's most valuable football brand , estimated to be worth $ 1.2 billion . After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 , the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost # 800 million , after which the company was taken private again , before going public once more in August 2012 , when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange . Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world , and holds several rivalries with other clubs , most notably with Liverpool , Manchester City and Leeds United , and more recently with Arsenal . ", "Romancing the Stone is a 1984 American action-adventure romantic comedy . Directed by Robert Zemeckis , it stars Michael Douglas , Kathleen Turner and Danny DeVito . The film was followed by a 1985 sequel , The Jewel of the Nile . Romancing the Stone earned over $ 86,572,238 worldwide in box-office receipts . It also helped launch Turner to stardom , reintroduced Douglas to the public as a capable leading man , started Zemeckis ' frequent collaboration with Alan Silvestri , and gave Zemeckis his first box-office success . Decades later , it retains critical acclaim , with an 87 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes . ", "The Polar Express is a 2004 American 3D computer-animated Christmas musical fantasy film based on the 1985 children 's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg , who served as one of the executive producers on the film . Written , produced , and directed by Robert Zemeckis , the film features human characters animated using live action motion capture animation . The film stars Daryl Sabara , Nona Gaye , Jimmy Bennett , and Eddie Deezen , with Tom Hanks in six distinct roles . The film also included a performance by Tinashe at age 9 , who later gained exposure as a pop singer in 2010 , as the CGI-model for the female protagonist . Castle Rock Entertainment produced the film in association with Shangri-La Entertainment , ImageMovers , Playtone and Golden Mean , for Warner Bros. . Pictures , as Castle Rock 's first animated production . The visual effects and performance capture were done at Sony Pictures Imageworks . The film was made with a budget of $ 165 million , a record-breaking sum for an animated feature at the time . The film was released in both conventional and IMAX 3D theaters on November 10 , 2004 . It grossed $ 309 million worldwide , and was later listed in the 2006 Guinness World Book of Records as the first all-digital capture film . The film also marks Michael Jeter 's last acting role before his death , and the film was thus dedicated to his memory . ", "Scream is an American horror franchise created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven . Starring Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , and David Arquette , the film series grossed over $ 604 million in worldwide box-office receipts and consists of four motion pictures directed by Craven . The first series entry , Scream , was released on December 20 , 1996 and is currently the highest-grossing slasher film in the United States . The second entry Scream 2 was released on December 12 , 1997 followed by a third installment , Scream 3 , released February 4 , 2000 . Eleven years after the previous film , Scream 4 was released on April 15 , 2011 . The films follow Sidney Prescott , and her war against a succession of murderers who adopt the guise of Ghostface to stalk and torment their victims . Sidney receives support in the films from town deputy Dewey Riley , reporter Gale Weathers , and film-geek Randy Meeks . A tv spin off of the series was released by MTV on June 30 , 2015 . The series follows different characters and new storylines , not connected to the film series . Williamson 's original script was bought by Miramax and developed under the Dimension Films label by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , who recruited Craven to direct , who in turn recruited composer Marco Beltrami to score the film . This team went on to be involved in each film in the series though Williamson was forced to take a smaller role for Scream 3 , writing only a brief plot outline due to his commitments to other projects , with Ehren Kruger replacing him as screenwriter . The series ' violence resulted in conflicts with the Motion Picture Association of America and news media concerning censorship resulting in a reduction of violence and gore in Scream 3 when the Columbine High School massacre brought increased focus on the media 's influence on society . Scream became notable for its use of established and recognizable actors which was uncommon for horror films at the time , yet has since become common in part due to Scream 's success . The series , particularly the first two films , has received significant critical acclaim . Scream has been credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the late 90s by combining a traditional slasher film with humor , awareness of horror film cliché and a clever plot . Scream was one of the highest-grossing films of 1996 and became , and remains , the highest grossing slasher film in the world . Its success was matched by Scream 2 which not only broke box-office records of the time , but was also argued by some critics to actually be superior to the original . Scream 3 fared worse than its predecessors , both critically and financially , with critics commenting that it had become the type of horror film it originally parodied in Scream . It did , however , receive some positive response , with claims that it was the perfect end to the trilogy . The film series has been the recipient of several awards including a Saturn Award for Best Actress and MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance for Campbell and Best Horror Film for Scream . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Super_Bowl_XLV", "2011_Super_Rugby_season", "Heart_of_Dallas_Classic", "2009_MLS_SuperDraft", "Christmas_Bowl" ]

[ "Super Bowl XLV was an American football game between the American Football Conference -LRB- AFC -RRB- champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference -LRB- NFC -RRB- champion Green Bay Packers to decide the National Football League -LRB- NFL -RRB- champion for the 2010 season . The Packers defeated the Steelers by the score of 31 -- 25 . The game was played on February 6 , 2011 , at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington , Texas , the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Dallas -- Fort Worth area . Unlike other matchups , this game featured two title-abundant franchises : coming into the game , the Packers held the most NFL championships with 12 -LRB- 9 league championships prior to the Super Bowl era and 3 Super Bowl championships -RRB- , while the Steelers held the most Super Bowl championships with 6 . The Packers entered their fifth Super Bowl in team history , and became the first number 6-seeded team in the NFC to compete in the Super Bowl , after posting a 10 -- 6 regular season record . The Steelers finished the regular season with a 12 -- 4 record , and advanced to a league-tying 8th Super Bowl appearance . Green Bay dominated most of the first half of Super Bowl XLV , jumping to a 21 -- 3 lead before Pittsburgh cut it down to 21 -- 10 just before halftime . Then after the teams exchanged touchdowns , the Steelers pulled within 28 -- 25 midway through the fourth quarter with wide receiver Mike Wallace 's 25-yard touchdown reception from quarterback Ben Roethlisberger and a two-point conversion . But the Packers answered with Mason Crosby 's 23-yard field goal with 2:07 remaining , and then prevented the Steelers from scoring on their final drive of the game . Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers was named Super Bowl MVP , completing 24 of 39 passes for 304 yards and three touchdowns . The broadcast of Super Bowl XLV on Fox averaged about 111 million viewers , breaking the record for the most-watched program in American television history . The game 's attendance was 103,219 , just short of the Super Bowl record 103,985 set in Super Bowl XIV at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California . The halftime show featured the American hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas , with additional performances by Usher and Slash . ", "The 2011 Super Rugby season was the first season of the new 15-team format for the Super Rugby competition , which involved teams from Australia , New Zealand and South Africa . Including its past iterations as Super 12 and Super 14 , this was the 16th season for the Southern Hemisphere 's premier transnational club competition . The season kicked off in February 2011 , with pre-season matches held from mid-January . It finished in early July to allow players a recovery period for the 2011 Rugby World Cup to be held in September and October ; in future non-World Cup years , the competition will extend into August . This season saw the arrival of the Melbourne Rebels , admitted to the competition as Australia 's fifth team after entry by the Southern Kings from South Africa was denied . This was also the first season of a revamped competition format , with a greater focus on matches within each participating country and an expanded finals series . During this season , the first ever Super Rugby game was played outside of the SANZAR region , taking place at Twickenham Stadium between the Crusaders and the Sharks . The match was moved to Twickenham because of the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake . Proceeds of the game were also donated to the relief effort . The final was played at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane between the Queensland Reds and the Crusaders . The Reds won 18-13 to claim their first Super Rugby title . ", "The Heart of Dallas Classic was a planned annual college football game played on the opening weekend of the State Fair of Texas at the historic Cotton Bowl in Fair Park , Dallas , Texas . However , the game was not renewed beyond its initial -LRB- and only -RRB- contest . ", "The 2009 MLS SuperDraft took place on January 15 , 2009 in St. Louis , Missouri . It was the tenth annual Major League Soccer SuperDraft . The first selection was owned by the expansion Seattle Sounders FC . Unlike previous years , the SuperDraft was not followed by the Supplemental Draft due to roster changes for the 2009 season decreasing the number of developmental spaces . ", "The is the annual Japanese high-school American football championship game . In a way similar to the Super Bowl , the top two teams from throughout Japan come together in Tokyo Stadium to play against each other for the championship . As with most American Football leagues , the league setup is split into two regions -- Kantō and Kansai -- and the champions of each region play in the Christmas Bowl . It takes place on even years in Kansai and on odd years in Kantō . Since 2001 , the Kantō match takes place in Ajinomoto Stadium . Surprising as it may seem , the competition has been going on almost as long as the Super Bowl , being only four contests behind . The Christmas Bowl in the manga and anime series Eyeshield 21 is based on this competition . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Dodo", "Medusa_Rondanini", "Durham_Red", "Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea", "Flag_of_Adygea" ]

[ "The dodo -LRB- Raphus cucullatus -RRB- is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius , east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean . The dodo 's closest genetic relative was the also extinct Rodrigues solitaire , the two forming the subfamily Raphinae of the family of pigeons and doves . The closest living relative of the dodo is the Nicobar pigeon . A white dodo was once thought to have existed on the nearby island of Réunion , but this is now thought to have been confusion based on the Réunion ibis and paintings of white dodos . Subfossil remains show the dodo was about 1 m tall and may have weighed 10.6 - . The dodo 's appearance in life is evidenced only by drawings , paintings , and written accounts from the 17th century . Because these vary considerably , and because only some illustrations are known to have been drawn from live specimens , its exact appearance in life remains unresolved , and little is known about its behaviour . Though the dodo has historically been considered fat and clumsy , it is now thought to have been well-adapted for its ecosystem . It has been depicted with brownish-grey plumage , yellow feet , a tuft of tail feathers , a grey , naked head , and a black , yellow , and green beak . It used gizzard stones to help digest its food , which is thought to have included fruits , and its main habitat is believed to have been the woods in the drier coastal areas of Mauritius . One account states its clutch consisted of a single egg . It is presumed that the dodo became flightless because of the ready availability of abundant food sources and a relative absence of predators on Mauritius . The first recorded mention of the dodo was by Dutch sailors in 1598 . In the following years , the bird was hunted by sailors and invasive species , while its habitat was being destroyed . The last widely accepted sighting of a dodo was in 1662 . Its extinction was not immediately noticed , and some considered it to be a mythical creature . In the 19th century , research was conducted on a small quantity of remains of four specimens that had been brought to Europe in the early 17th century . Among these is a dried head , the only soft tissue of the dodo that remains today . Since then , a large amount of subfossil material has been collected on Mauritius , mostly from the Mare aux Songes swamp . The extinction of the dodo within less than a century of its discovery called attention to the previously unrecognised problem of human involvement in the disappearance of entire species . The dodo achieved widespread recognition from its role in the story of Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland , and it has since become a fixture in popular culture , often as a symbol of extinction and obsolescence . ", "The over-lifesize Medusa Rondanini , the best late Hellenistic or Augustan Roman marble copy of the head of Medusa , is rendered more humanized and beautiful than the always grotesque apotropaic head of Medusa that appeared as the Gorgoneion on the aegis of Athena . The Medusa Rondanini is located in the Glyptothek in Munich , Germany , having been purchased by the art-loving king Ludwig of Bavaria from the heirs of the marchese Rondanini , during his Grand Tour of Italy as a prince . ", "Durham Red is a British comics character , originally created in 1987 as a female sidekick and lover for Johnny Alpha in the long-running comicbook series Strontium Dog in 2000 AD . She was a sexy bounty hunter with a mutation that gave her a vampiric lust for blood . ", "The flag of Papua New Guinea was adopted on 1 July 1971 . In the hoist , it depicts the Southern Cross ; in the fly , a raggiana bird-of-paradise is silhouetted . The designer of the flag was 15-year-old schoolgirl Susan Karike , now Mrs Susan Huhume , who won a nationwide competition for a new flag design in 1971 . Red and black have long been traditional colours of many Papua New Guinean tribes . Black-white-red was the colour of the German Empire flag , which had colonized New Guinea prior to 1918 . The bird-of-paradise is also found on the national coat-of-arms . Prior to independence , the Australian administration proposed a vertical tricolour flag with blue , yellow and green bands , along with the bird of paradise and southern cross , designed by a Mr. Holman . It had a mainly negative reception , due to its appearance as that of a `` mechanically contrived outcome '' , thus the alternate proposal attributed to Susan Karike was chosen instead . The blue was said to represent the sea and islands of New Guinea , the Southern Cross was a guide for the travelling peoples , the gold represented the coastlines , mineral wealth , and unity , and the green represented the forested highlands and mainland , with the Bird of Paradise representing the unification under one nation . The Southern Cross shows that it is a country in the Southern Hemisphere and can be seen in Papua New Guinea . ", "The flag of the Republic of Adygea , a federal subject of Russia , is a green field , charged with twelve gold stars , nine forming an arc and three horizontal . It is also charged with three crossed arrows in the center . The green color rgb values -LRB- 5 63 13 -RRB- , & the gold colors rgb values -LRB- 189 166 98 -RRB- . The flag was designed by David Urquhart . The green is a symbol of the forests and vegetation of the Caucasus . The twelve stars symbolize the individual tribes of Adygea ; the nine stars within the arc symbolize the nine aristocratic tribes of Adygea , in contrast to the three horizontal stars which symbolized the three democratic tribes . The arrows symbolize peace . The gold colors of the arrows and stars represent the plentiful harvest of grain & wheat . The original design of the flag was drawn in 1830 by prince Zanoque , Seferbie . was hand delivered to the Adyghe Nour Mohamed Hag ` ur by the British delegate James Stanislaus Bell in Gesh Valley -LRB- Current day : Sochi -RRB- where it flew for the first time among cheers by Adyghe princes and a multitude of people . This design was used by the Adyghe people in the 19th century fight against the Russian Empire . The present-day flag was adopted on March 24 , 1992 . The proportions are 2:1 . This flag reflects and revives the unity of the Adyghe Nation in Circassia and beside the Adyghes in Republic of Adyghea , it also rose widely by the Kabardians in Kabardino-Balkaria , the Cherkess in Karachay -- Cherkessia , and the Shapsugs in the southern part of Krasnodar Krai , plus by small Adyghe groups in Stavropol Krai and North Ossetia . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Salman_Rushdie", "Timeri_N._Murari", "Bapsi_Sidhwa", "La_Quarantaine_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "Piers_Moore_Ede" ]

[ "Ahmed Salman Rushdie , FRSL -LRB- -LSB- sælˈmɑːn_ˈrʊʃdi -RSB- अहमद सलमान रुशदी , ; born 19 June 1947 -RRB- is a British Indian novelist and essayist . His second novel , Midnight 's Children -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be `` the best novel of all winners '' on two separate occasions , marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize . Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent . He combines magical realism with historical fiction ; his work is concerned with the many connections , disruptions , and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations . His epic fourth novel , The Satanic Verses -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , was the subject of a major controversy , provoking protests from Muslims in several countries . Death threats were made against him , including a fatwā calling for his assassination issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , the Supreme Leader of Iran , on 14 February 1989 . The British government put Rushdie under police protection . In 1983 Rushdie was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature , the UK 's senior literary organisation . He was appointed Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France in January 1999 . In June 2007 , Queen Elizabeth II knighted him for his services to literature . In 2008 , The Times ranked him thirteenth on its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945 . Since 2000 , Rushdie has lived in the United States . He was named Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute of New York University in 2015 . Earlier , he taught at Emory University . He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters . In 2012 , he published Joseph Anton : A Memoir , an account of his life in the wake of the controversy over The Satanic Verses . Rushdie was strongly favoured to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature but the Nobel organisers were later quoted as saying that they would have been `` too predictable , too popular . '' ", "Timeri Murari is an Indian novelist , journalist , playwright and screenwriter . He is the author of fourteen published novels , including best-sellers The Taliban Cricket Club -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Taj -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and has written extensively for Indian and international newspapers including The Guardian . He has also written the screenplay of the award-winning Hindi movie Daayraa -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , which was voted one of the ten best films of 1997 by Time magazine . He adapted and directed it as a stage play , The Square Circle , at the Leicester Haymarket Theatre in November 1999 , starring Parminder Nagra . His latest novel is called Chanakya Returns . ", "Bapsi Sidhwa -LRB- باپسا سادہوا born August 11 , 1938 -RRB- is a Pakistani novelist who writes in English and is resident in the United States of America . She is best known for her collaborative work with Indo-Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehta : Sidhwa wrote both the 1991 novel Ice Candy Man which served as the basis for Mehta 's 1998 film Earth as well as the 2006 novel Water : A Novel which is based upon Mehta 's 2005 film Water . ", "La Quarantaine is a novel written in French by French Nobel laureate writer J. M. G. Le Clézio . ", "Piers Moore Ede is a British born writer , with a travel book Honey and Dust published by Bloomsbury in 2004 . Born in 1975 , he was educated at Winchester College , Exeter University and the University of California , Santa Cruz . While living in San Francisco he was involved in a hit and run accident , during the recovery from which he conceived of his first travel book , a global adventure in search of wild honey . Honey and Dust documents his search for wholeness , while looking for the last of the tribes that still hunt wild honey in jungles and cliffs . He visits Bedouin tribesman in the Syrian desert , Gurung mountain people in Nepal , the Veddhas or Wild Men in Sri Lanka , and even a rooftop beekeeper on the skyscrapers of Manhattan . Honey and Dust won the non fiction category of the DH Lawrence prize , and was nominated for the Jeremy Round first book award with the British Guild of Food Writers . His second book All Kinds of Magic was published by Bloomsbury in 2010 , recounting a journey round India in search of mystical experience . Drawing comparisons to In Search of Sacred India by Paul Brunton this modern spiritual travelogue was praised by Tahir Shah , Justine Hardy and Isabel Losada and includes a visit to the Ramana Maharshi ashram in Tiruvanamalai , India . He is also a photographer and blues guitarist , and holds regular exhibitions of his work in London . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Fred_Seibert", "Victor_Gonzalez_-LRB-director-RRB-", "Stephen_Hillenburg", "Futurama", "Robert_Teitel" ]

[ "Frederick `` Fred '' Seibert -LRB- born September 15 , 1951 -RRB- is a serial entrepreneur and American television and film producer . He owns Frederator Networks , Inc. and Frederator Studios . Seibert has held leading positions with MTV Networks , Hanna-Barbera , and Next New Networks , and is an angel investor in several technology and media start-ups . He has produced live action and animated programs for cable television , and the internet , and began his professional career as a jazz and blues record producer . ", "Victor Gonzalez is an American television director . He began his career as camera operator on the sitcom ALF . He continued to camera operate for many years on the sitcoms Roseanne , Married ... with Children , Home Improvement , Reba and That 's So Raven . He made his directorial debut on the Telemundo sitcom Los Beltrán in 2000 . He then went on to direct episodes of Half & Half , George Lopez , Wizards of Waverly Place , Pair of Kings , I 'm in the Band , A.N.T. Farm , Rules of Engagement , Lab Rats , Level Up , Kickin ' It , Jessie , See Dad Run , Wendell & Vinnie , Instant Mom , The Thundermans , Mike & Molly and Last Man Standing . He has also directed The Wizards Return : Alex vs. Alex , a special episode based on a Disney Channel series , Wizards of Waverly Place '' . ", "Stephen McDannell Hillenburg -LRB- born August21 , 1961 -RRB- is an American cartoonist , animator , director , producer , and writer . A former marine-biology teacher , he created SpongeBob SquarePants -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , which has gone on to become one of the longest-running American television series as well as the highest-rated show ever to air on Nickelodeon . Born in Lawton , Oklahoma and raised in Anaheim , California , Hillenburg became fascinated with the ocean as a child and also developed an interest in art . He started his professional career in 1984 , instructing marine biology , at the Orange County Marine Institute , where he wrote The Intertidal Zone , an informative comic book about tide-pool animals , which he used to educate his students . In 1989 , two years after leaving teaching , Hillenburg enrolled at the California Institute of the Arts to pursue a career in animation . He was later offered a job on the Nickelodeon animated television series Rocko 's Modern Life -LRB- 19931996 -RRB- after his success with animated short films The Green Beret and Wormholes -LRB- both 1992 -RRB- , which he made while studying animation . In 1994 , Hillenburg began developing The Intertidal Zone characters and concepts for what became SpongeBob SquarePants . The show premiered in 1999 and has since aired episodes . He also directed The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , for which he received a nomination for an Annie Award for Directing in a Feature Production . Hillenburg 's decision was to end the television series once the film was completed ; however , Nickelodeon wanted to produce more episodes , so he resigned as the showrunner . He returned to making animated short films , with Hollywood Blvd. , USA -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Besides his two Emmy Awards and six Annie Awards for SpongeBob SquarePants , Hillenburg has also received other recognition , such as the Walk the Talk award from Heal the Bay for his efforts on elevating marine life awareness , and the Television Animation Award from the National Cartoonists Society . Despite this , he has been involved in several public controversies , including one that was centered on speculation over SpongeBob SquarePants ' intended sexual orientation , and a lawsuit that was filed against him . ", "Futurama is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series follows the adventures of a late-20th-century New York City pizza delivery boy , Philip J. Fry , who , after being unwittingly cryogenically frozen for one thousand years , finds employment at Planet Express , an interplanetary delivery company in the retro-futuristic 31st century . The series was envisioned by Groening in the mid-1990s while working on The Simpsons ; he later brought David X. Cohen aboard to develop storylines and characters to pitch the show to Fox . In the United States , the series aired on Fox from March 28 , 1999 , to August 10 , 2003 , before ceasing production . Futurama also aired in reruns on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim from 2003 to 2007 , until the network 's contract expired . It was revived in 2007 as four direct-to-video films ; the last of which was released in early 2009 . Comedy Central entered into an agreement with 20th Century Fox Television to syndicate the existing episodes and air the films as 16 new , half-hour episodes , constituting a fifth season . In June 2009 , producing studio 20th Century Fox announced that Comedy Central had picked up the show for 26 new half-hour episodes , which began airing in 2010 and 2011 . The show was renewed for a seventh season , with the first half airing in June 2012 and the second set for mid-2013 . It was later revealed that the seventh season would be the final season , as Comedy Central announced that they would not be commissioning any further episodes . The series finale aired on September 4 , 2013 . While Groening has said he will try to get it picked up by another network , David X. Cohen stated that the episode `` Meanwhile '' would be the last episode of season 7 and also the series finale . Throughout its run , Futurama has received critical acclaim . The show has been nominated for 17 Annie Awards and 12 Emmy Awards , winning seven of the former and six of the latter . It has also been nominated four times for a Writers Guild of America Award , winning two for the episodes `` Godfellas '' and `` The Prisoner of Benda '' , been nominated for a Nebula Award and has received Environmental Media Awards for episodes `` The Problem with Popplers '' and `` The Futurama Holiday Spectacular '' . Futurama-related merchandise has also been released , including a tie-in comic book series and video game , calendars , clothes and figurines . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked Futurama as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time . ", "Robert Teitel is an American film producer . Teitel produced the films Soul Food -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Men of Honor -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and the three films in the Barbershop series : Barbersop , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business , and Beauty Shop . He also co-produced of the television series Barbershop : The Series . A 1990 graduate of Columbia College Chicago , he has been associated with writer/director George Tillman , Jr. since they were students there . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Linkin_Park", "American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Alternative_Artist", "Hybrid_Theory", "Reanimation_-LRB-Linkin_Park_album-RRB-", "Meteora_-LRB-album-RRB-" ]

[ "Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills , California . Formed in 1996 , the band rose to international fame with their debut album Hybrid Theory -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , which was certified diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-platinum in several other countries . Their following studio album Meteora continued the band 's success , topping the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003 , and was followed by extensive touring and charity work around the world . In 2003 , MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium . Billboard ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart . In 2012 , the band was voted as the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1 . In 2014 , the band was declared as the Biggest Rock Band in the World Right Now by Kerrang ! . Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in Hybrid Theory and Meteora , the band explored other genres in their next studio album , Minutes to Midnight -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . The album topped the Billboard charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year . The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album , A Thousand Suns -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , layering their music with more electronic sounds and beats . Their fifth album , Living Things -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , combines musical elements from all of their previous records . Their sixth album , The Hunting Party -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , returned to a heavier rock sound . Their seventh album One More Light , a more electronic and pop-oriented record , was released on May 19 , 2017 . The band has collaborated with several other artists , including rapper Jay Z in their mashup EP Collision Course , and many others on the remix albums Reanimation and Recharged . Linkin Park has sold over 70 million albums worldwide and has won two Grammy Awards . ", "The American Music Award for Favorite Alternative Artist has been awarded since 1995 . Years reflect the year in which the American Music Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year -LRB- until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year -RRB- . Linkin Park won the most with five wins . ", "Hybrid Theory is the debut studio album by American rock band Linkin Park , released on October 24 , 2000 through Warner Bros. . Records . The album was a huge commercial success , having been certified Diamond for sales of over 11 million units in the United States alone as of 2010 , peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 , and also reaching high positions on other charts worldwide . Recorded at NRG Recordings in North Hollywood , California , and produced by Don Gilmore , the album 's lyrical themes deal with problems lead vocalist Chester Bennington experienced during his adolescence , including drug abuse and the constant fighting and divorce of his parents . Hybrid Theory takes its title from the previous name of the band as well as the concept of music theory and combining different styles . Four singles were released from the album : `` One Step Closer '' , `` Crawling '' , `` Papercut '' , and `` In the End '' , all of them being responsible for launching Linkin Park into mainstream popularity . While `` In the End '' was the most successful of the four , all of the singles in the album remain some of the band 's most successful songs to date . Although `` Runaway '' , `` Points of Authority '' , and `` My December '' from the special edition bonus disc album were not released as singles , they were minor hits on alternative rock radio stations thanks to the success of all of the band 's singles and the album . At the 2002 Grammy Awards , Hybrid Theory was nominated for Best Rock Album . The album is listed in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die . It was ranked # 11 on Billboard '' 's 200 Albums of the Decade . A special edition of Hybrid Theory was released March 11 , 2002 , a year and a half after its original pressing . Hybrid Theory '' has sold 25 million copies worldwide , which makes it the best selling debut album of the 21st century . Linkin Park performed the album in its entirety at the Download Festival on June 14 , 2014 . ", "Reanimation is the first remix album by American rock band Linkin Park as a follow-up to their first studio album , Hybrid Theory , and released on July 30 , 2002 . Recorded during the Hybrid Theory tour in 2001 , it features remixes of songs from Hybrid Theory , including the album 's bonus tracks . The remix album was produced by Mike Shinoda and mixed by Mark `` Spike '' Stent . ", "Meteora is the second studio album by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released on March 25 , 2003 through Warner Bros. . Records , following Reanimation , a collaboration album which featured remixes of songs included on their debut studio album Hybrid Theory . The album was produced by the band alongside Don Gilmore . The title Meteora is taken from the Greek Orthodox monasteries sharing the same name . Meteora has a similar sound to Hybrid Theory , as described by critics , and the album took almost a year to be recorded . The main artwork was assembled by the band with help of various other graphic artists . Linkin Park released singles from Meteora for over a year , including `` Somewhere I Belong '' , `` Faint '' , `` Numb '' , `` From the Inside '' and `` Breaking the Habit '' . The song `` Lying from You '' was released as a promotional single . Meteora is the most successful album in the history of the Alternative Songs chart . As of 2013 , the album has sold over 27 million copies worldwide , and is certified four times platinum by the RIAA . Meteora was also ranked number 36 on Billboards Top 200 Albums of the Decade . The song `` Session '' was nominated for the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance , losing to Jeff Beck 's `` Plan B '' . Some songs from the album were remixed with some of Jay-Z 's songs for the EP Collision Course . It is the first Linkin Park studio album to feature Dave Farrell after he rejoined the band in 2000 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Roman_Polanski", "Rohit_Loomba", "Chinatown_-LRB-1974_film-RRB-", "Paul_Ogorzow", "Robert_Towne" ]

[ "Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański -LRB- born 18 August 1933 -RRB- is a French-Polish film director , producer , writer , actor , and convicted statutory rapist . Born in Paris , his Polish-Jewish parents moved the family back to Poland in 1937 , when he was four . Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany 2 years later , in 1939 , and Polanski spent the next six years of his childhood mostly on his own , trying to survive the ongoing Holocaust . Polanski 's first feature-length film , Knife in the Water -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , made in Poland , was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . He has since received five more Oscar nominations , along with two BAFTAs , four Césars , a Golden Globe Award and the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival in France . In the United Kingdom he directed three films , beginning with Repulsion -LRB- 1965 -RRB- . In 1968 he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film Rosemary 's Baby -LRB- 1968 -RRB- . A turning point in his life took place in 1969 , when his pregnant wife , Sharon Tate , along with four friends , were brutally murdered by members of the Manson Family . Following her death , Polanski returned to Europe and eventually continued directing . He made Macbeth -LRB- 1971 -RRB- in England and back in Hollywood , Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , which was nominated for eleven Academy Awards . In 1977 , Polanski was arrested and charged with the rape of a 13-year-old model during a photo session . He subsequently pled guilty to the charge of statutory rape . He was released from prison after serving 42 days , and as part of an apparent plea bargain , was to be put on probation . When he learned that the judge changed his mind and planned to reject the plea bargain , he fled to Paris before sentencing . In Europe , Polanski continued to make films , including Tess -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , starring aspiring actress , Nastassja Kinski . It won France 's César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director , and received three Oscars . He later produced and directed The Pianist -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , starring Adrien Brody , in a World War II true story drama about a Jewish-Polish musician . The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director , along with numerous international awards . He also directed Oliver Twist -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , a story which parallels his own life as a `` young boy attempting to triumph over adversity '' . He was awarded Best Director for The Ghost Writer -LRB- 2010 -RRB- at the 23rd European Film Awards Having made films in Poland , the United Kingdom , France , and the United States , he is considered one of the few international filmmakers . ", "Rohit Loomba is a hip hop journalist based in Chicago , Illinois . Rohit founded Chinatown Productions with his partner , Mike Li , in 2004 . Chinatown Productions has since become the entertainment company through which both Rohit and Mike have launched various hip hop -- oriented projects . Rohit is currently Editor-In-Chief of Bumsquad Magazine -LRB- the official magazine of the popular hip hop DJ Crew , the Bumsquad DJz -RRB- , staff at the heavily trafficked ezine allhiphop , contributing editor for WWS Magazine , and a writer for Ozone Magazine . ", "Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor . ", "Paul Ogorzow -LRB- 29 September 1912 -- 26 July 1941 -RRB- , was a German serial killer and rapist , known as The S-Bahn Murderer , convicted for the killing of 8 women in Nazi-era Berlin between October 1940 and July 1941 . During the height of World War II , Ogorzow was employed by Deutsche Reichsbahn , working for the S-Bahn commuter rail system in Berlin . Using the routine wartime blackouts as a result of the Allied bombing of Berlin , Ogorzow committed serial rape and murder against women in the city over a nine-month period until his arrest by the Kriminalpolizei , and was executed at Plötzensee Prison . ", "Robert Towne -LRB- born Robert Bertram Schwartz ; November 23 , 1934 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , producer , director and actor . He was part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking . He is best-known for his Academy Award-winning original screenplay for Roman Polanski 's Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , which is widely considered one of the greatest screenplays ever written . He also wrote its sequel The Two Jakes in 1990 , and wrote the Hal Ashby comedy-dramas The Last Detail -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , and Shampoo -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , as well as the first two Mission : Impossible films . Towne has also directed various films such as the sports dramas Personal Best -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , and Without Limits -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , the crime thriller Tequila Sunrise -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and the romantic crime drama Ask the Dust -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Clueless_-LRB-novels-RRB-", "Clueless_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Clueless_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Clue_-LRB-miniseries-RRB-", "Into_the_Wild_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "The Clueless series is a series of young adult novels , mainly written by H. B. Gilmour and Randi Reisfeld . The series is published by Simon & Schuster . The series was generated after the release of the 1995 movie starring Alicia Silverstone . ", "Clueless is an American sitcom based on the 1995 teen film of the same name -LRB- which was inspired by the Jane Austen book Emma -RRB- . The series originally premiered on ABC on September 20 , 1996 as a part of the TGIF lineup during its first season . The show then spent its last two seasons on UPN ending on May 25 , 1999 . ", "Clueless is a 1995 American coming-of-age comedy film written and directed by Amy Heckerling . It stars Alicia Silverstone , Stacey Dash , Paul Rudd and Brittany Murphy , and was produced by Scott Rudin and Robert Lawrence . It is loosely based on Jane Austen 's 1815 novel Emma , updating the setting to modern Beverly Hills . Elements of the plot were also originally drawn from Shakespeare 's Titus Andronicus , but were later omitted due to lack of continuity . The film grossed $ 56 million in the United States , received generally positive reviews from critics , and has developed a cult following . The film was followed by a spin-off television sitcom and series of books . ", "Clue was an American five-part mystery television miniseries based on the Parker Brothers board game of the same name , which aired on The Hub from November 14 , 2011 to November 17 , 2011 . The series features a youthful , ensemble cast working together , uncovering clues to unravel a mystery . The series was created by Raven Metzner and stars Sterling Beaumon as Seamus , Sarah Desjardins as Whitney , Kendall Amyre Ferguson as Agnes , Ana Golja as Liz , Stephan James as Dmitri , and Zach Mills as Lucas . ", "Into the Wild is a 2007 American biographical drama survival film written , co-produced , and directed by Sean Penn. . It is an adaptation of Jon Krakauer 's 1996 non-fiction book of the same name , based on the travels of Christopher McCandless across North America and his life spent in the Alaskan wilderness in the early 1990s . The film stars Emile Hirsch as McCandless , and Marcia Gay Harden and William Hurt as his parents , and features Jena Malone , Catherine Keener , Vince Vaughn , Kristen Stewart , and Hal Holbrook . The film premiered during the 2007 Rome Film Fest and later opened outside of Fairbanks , Alaska , on September 21 , 2007 . It was later nominated for two Golden Globes and won the award for Best Original Song : `` Guaranteed '' by Eddie Vedder . It was also nominated for two Academy Awards , namely Best Editing and Hal Holbrook for Best Supporting Actor . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Clueless_-LRB-novels-RRB-", "Clueless_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Clueless_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Clue_-LRB-miniseries-RRB-", "Into_the_Wild_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "The Clueless series is a series of young adult novels , mainly written by H. B. Gilmour and Randi Reisfeld . The series is published by Simon & Schuster . The series was generated after the release of the 1995 movie starring Alicia Silverstone . ", "Clueless is an American sitcom based on the 1995 teen film of the same name -LRB- which was inspired by the Jane Austen book Emma -RRB- . The series originally premiered on ABC on September 20 , 1996 as a part of the TGIF lineup during its first season . The show then spent its last two seasons on UPN ending on May 25 , 1999 . ", "Clueless is a 1995 American coming-of-age comedy film written and directed by Amy Heckerling . It stars Alicia Silverstone , Stacey Dash , Paul Rudd and Brittany Murphy , and was produced by Scott Rudin and Robert Lawrence . It is loosely based on Jane Austen 's 1815 novel Emma , updating the setting to modern Beverly Hills . Elements of the plot were also originally drawn from Shakespeare 's Titus Andronicus , but were later omitted due to lack of continuity . The film grossed $ 56 million in the United States , received generally positive reviews from critics , and has developed a cult following . The film was followed by a spin-off television sitcom and series of books . ", "Clue was an American five-part mystery television miniseries based on the Parker Brothers board game of the same name , which aired on The Hub from November 14 , 2011 to November 17 , 2011 . The series features a youthful , ensemble cast working together , uncovering clues to unravel a mystery . The series was created by Raven Metzner and stars Sterling Beaumon as Seamus , Sarah Desjardins as Whitney , Kendall Amyre Ferguson as Agnes , Ana Golja as Liz , Stephan James as Dmitri , and Zach Mills as Lucas . ", "Into the Wild is a 2007 American biographical drama survival film written , co-produced , and directed by Sean Penn. . It is an adaptation of Jon Krakauer 's 1996 non-fiction book of the same name , based on the travels of Christopher McCandless across North America and his life spent in the Alaskan wilderness in the early 1990s . The film stars Emile Hirsch as McCandless , and Marcia Gay Harden and William Hurt as his parents , and features Jena Malone , Catherine Keener , Vince Vaughn , Kristen Stewart , and Hal Holbrook . The film premiered during the 2007 Rome Film Fest and later opened outside of Fairbanks , Alaska , on September 21 , 2007 . It was later nominated for two Golden Globes and won the award for Best Original Song : `` Guaranteed '' by Eddie Vedder . It was also nominated for two Academy Awards , namely Best Editing and Hal Holbrook for Best Supporting Actor . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Awkward_Black_Girl", "Issa_Rae", "Elisha_Cuthbert", "Marita_Black", "Effy_Stonem" ]

[ "The Mis-Adventures of Awkward Black Girl -LRB- often simply referred to as Awkward Black Girl -RRB- is an American comedy web series created by and starring Issa Rae . It premiered on a dedicated YouTube on February 3 , 2011 . The show follows the life of J as she interacts with co-workers and love interests who place her in uncomfortable situations . The story is told through first-person narrative as J usually reveals how she feels about her circumstances through voice-over or dream sequence . The series received critical acclaim and won a Shorty Award for Best Web Series in 2012 . ", "Jo-Issa `` Issa '' Rae Diop -LRB- born January 12 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actress , writer , director , producer and web series creator . She is best known as the creator of the YouTube web series Awkward Black Girl . Since the premiere of Awkward Black Girl , Rae has developed her own YouTube platform where she features various content created by people of color . Rae 's shows have garnered over 20 million views and over 260,000 subscribers on YouTube . As of 2017 , Rae is the creator , co-writer and star of the HBO series Insecure , which is partially based on Awkward Black Girl . '' ", "Elisha Ann Cuthbert -LRB- born November 30 , 1982 -RRB- is a Canadian actress and model . She became known for playing Kim Bauer in the series 24 , Darcie Goldberg in the college comedy Old School , Danielle in the teen comedy film The Girl Next Door , and Carly Jones in the 2005 remake of House of Wax . In 2013 , Maxim magazine named her `` TV 's most beautiful woman '' . At the age of 14 , Cuthbert made her feature film debut in the 1997 family-drama Dancing on the Moon . Her first major lead role came in the 1998 drama film Airspeed -LRB- No Control -RRB- alongside Joe Mantegna . In 2001 , she starred in the movie Lucky Girl , in which she received her first award , the Gemini Awards , but her career began in earnest in the 2000s when she played Kim Bauer , daughter of Jack Bauer in the action series 24 . Subsequently , Cuthbert appeared in the lead role in the films The Quiet -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Captivity -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . From 2011 to 2013 , Cuthbert starred as Alex Kerkovich in the three seasons of the ABC comedy Happy Endings . ", "Marita Black is a British-born actor , singer and screenwriter . She is known for her work on the British TV series Grange Hill , in which she played the English teacher Ms Patti Janowitz in 1992 . As of 2010 , Black was working as a screenwriter , co-writing the film project Take Me to Your Leader , produced by Adam Sandler . ", "Elizabeth `` Effy '' Stonem is a fictional character in the television series Skins , played by Kaya Scodelario . She appears in all of the first four series , as well as the seventh series , and appears in the most episodes -LRB- 27 -RRB- . Kaya Scodelario was included in Entertainment Weeklys 2009 `` Summer Must List '' , being named `` Bad Girl '' for her portrayal of Effy . She was included in AfterEllen.com 's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Awkward_Black_Girl", "Issa_Rae", "Elisha_Cuthbert", "Marita_Black", "Effy_Stonem" ]

[ "The Mis-Adventures of Awkward Black Girl -LRB- often simply referred to as Awkward Black Girl -RRB- is an American comedy web series created by and starring Issa Rae . It premiered on a dedicated YouTube on February 3 , 2011 . The show follows the life of J as she interacts with co-workers and love interests who place her in uncomfortable situations . The story is told through first-person narrative as J usually reveals how she feels about her circumstances through voice-over or dream sequence . The series received critical acclaim and won a Shorty Award for Best Web Series in 2012 . ", "Jo-Issa `` Issa '' Rae Diop -LRB- born January 12 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actress , writer , director , producer and web series creator . She is best known as the creator of the YouTube web series Awkward Black Girl . Since the premiere of Awkward Black Girl , Rae has developed her own YouTube platform where she features various content created by people of color . Rae 's shows have garnered over 20 million views and over 260,000 subscribers on YouTube . As of 2017 , Rae is the creator , co-writer and star of the HBO series Insecure , which is partially based on Awkward Black Girl . '' ", "Elisha Ann Cuthbert -LRB- born November 30 , 1982 -RRB- is a Canadian actress and model . She became known for playing Kim Bauer in the series 24 , Darcie Goldberg in the college comedy Old School , Danielle in the teen comedy film The Girl Next Door , and Carly Jones in the 2005 remake of House of Wax . In 2013 , Maxim magazine named her `` TV 's most beautiful woman '' . At the age of 14 , Cuthbert made her feature film debut in the 1997 family-drama Dancing on the Moon . Her first major lead role came in the 1998 drama film Airspeed -LRB- No Control -RRB- alongside Joe Mantegna . In 2001 , she starred in the movie Lucky Girl , in which she received her first award , the Gemini Awards , but her career began in earnest in the 2000s when she played Kim Bauer , daughter of Jack Bauer in the action series 24 . Subsequently , Cuthbert appeared in the lead role in the films The Quiet -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Captivity -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . From 2011 to 2013 , Cuthbert starred as Alex Kerkovich in the three seasons of the ABC comedy Happy Endings . ", "Marita Black is a British-born actor , singer and screenwriter . She is known for her work on the British TV series Grange Hill , in which she played the English teacher Ms Patti Janowitz in 1992 . As of 2010 , Black was working as a screenwriter , co-writing the film project Take Me to Your Leader , produced by Adam Sandler . ", "Elizabeth `` Effy '' Stonem is a fictional character in the television series Skins , played by Kaya Scodelario . She appears in all of the first four series , as well as the seventh series , and appears in the most episodes -LRB- 27 -RRB- . Kaya Scodelario was included in Entertainment Weeklys 2009 `` Summer Must List '' , being named `` Bad Girl '' for her portrayal of Effy . She was included in AfterEllen.com 's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Blue_Dog_Coalition", "Blue_Dog_Records", "Blue_Cross_of_Hyderabad", "Yellow_Dog_-LRB-comics-RRB-", "American_Bully" ]

[ "The Blue Dog Coalition , commonly known as the Blue Dogs or Blue Dog Democrats , is a caucus of United States Congressional Representatives from the Democratic Party who identify as conservative Democrats . It was formed in 1995 during the 104th Congress to give more conservative members from the Democratic party a unified voice after the Democrats ' loss of Congress in the U.S. Congressional election of 1994 . Blue Dog Coalition membership experienced a rapid decline in the 2010s , holding 14 seats in the 114th Congress . The 115th Congress has seen the Coalition grow to 18 members . ", "Blue Dog Records was an independent London record label located in offices above the original Barfly Club -LRB- The Falcon , Camden -RRB- . Started in 1997 by Nick Moore and Jeremy Ledlin it was licensed and distributed by Richard Branson 's V2 Records , and had a mostly guitar band roster of artists including The Crocketts , Daytona , Contempo , Murry the Hump , Sona Fariq and Super J Lounge . Many of the acts who released their first singles on Blue Dog were then snapped up by bigger labels , with Sona Fariq signing to Warners , Contempo signing to London , Murry the Hump signing to Beggars Banquet , and Crashland to Independiente/Sony . The label dissolved in 2000 due to funding cuts from V2 Records and the label 's main artist The Crocketts transforming into The Crimea . Moore set up short lived online label Animal Noise that continued to work with Alchemicals , The Disorientee and also released records by Baby Bird & Carina Round . ", "The Blue Cross of Hyderabad is an animal welfare Society founded in 1992 by Indian film actors Akkineni Nagarjuna , Amala Akkineni and animal friendly citizens . Blue Cross of Hyderabad was later registered as a society in 1993 and is recognized by Animal Welfare Board of India . Located in Hyderabad , Blue Cross of Hyderabad presently runs a two-acre animal shelter from where 9 projects for the welfare of animals are conducted all year round , the campus is surrounded by hills and vast open spaces and houses over 650 animals of different species . ", "Yellow Dog was an underground comix newspaper and later comic book published by the Print Mint in Berkeley , California . It published 22 issues from 1968 to 1973 , featuring many of the period 's most notable underground cartoonists , including Robert Crumb , Joel Beck , Robert Williams , Rick Griffin , Greg Irons , and Trina Robbins . Other frequent contributors included Andy Martin , Franz Cilensek , John Thompson , Buckwheat Florida , Jr. , Jim Osborne , Ronald Lipking , and Hak Vogrin . The founding editor was Print Mint co-publisher Don Schencker . Yellow Dog has the distinction of having published more issues than any other true underground comix publication . ", "The American Bully is a recently formed companion dog breed , originally recognized by the American Bully Kennel Club -LRB- ABKC -RRB- . It has been recognized by the United Kennel Club -LRB- UKC -RRB- since July 15 , 2013 . It is a small to large breed which has been divided into four categories ; Pocket , Standard , Classic and XL . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Guthrie_Theater", "Moon_Theater", "Courtyard,_Hereford", "Ritz_Theatre_-LRB-Elizabeth,_New_Jersey-RRB-", "New_Amsterdam_Theatre" ]

[ "The Guthrie Theater , founded in 1963 , is a center for theater performance , production , education , and professional training in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The concept of the theater was born in 1959 in a series of discussions between Sir Tyrone Guthrie , Oliver Rea and Peter Zeisler . Disenchanted with Broadway , they intended to form a theater with a resident acting company , to perform classic plays in rotating repertory , while maintaining the highest professional standards . The Guthrie Theater has performed in two main-stage facilities . The first building was designed by Ralph Rapson , included a 1,441-seat thrust stage designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch , and was operated from 1963 -- 2006 . After closing its 2005 -- 2006 season , the theater moved to its current facility designed by Jean Nouvel . In 1982 , the theater won the Regional Theatre Tony Award . ", "The Moon Theater was a silent movie theater at 1410 Douglas Street in Downtown Omaha , Nebraska . The 1,600 seat theater was built on the site of Omaha 's first movie theater , the Parlor . In later years the theater was renamed the Town Theater and eventually the Cooper Theater . The building was demolished in 1976 . ", "The Courtyard Centre for the Arts is a theatre and arts venue in Hereford , England , located on Edgar Street just outside the city centre . The building was constructed between 1997 and 1998 on the site of another theatre ; The New Hereford Theatre , a converted swimming baths which had become outdated . It hosts in-house shows , such as a Pantomime and productions by a Youth Theatre and a Community Company , alongside national tours . It is also one of the main sites for the annual Borderlines Film Festival . Planning for the replacement building began in 1993 and received a significant boost when the Lottery Commission provided # 3.75 million towards the fund . The glass and wooden building was designed by Glenn Howells , following selection through an architectural design competition managed by RIBA Competitions , and opened on 18 September 1998 after a ribbon-cutting ceremony by Jonathan Stone , then Artistic Director . The design of the Main House is based upon the shape of an Elizabethan Courtyard or Inn Yard Theatre , from which the building takes its name . The building contains a Studio theatre in addition to its Main House -LRB- and both double as cinemas -RRB- , an art gallery and two conference rooms , on the ground and first floor . There is a rehearsal room/dance studio on the second floor . It has a total seating capacity of approximately 520 , in both of its venues . The studio has a third role as a lecture hall ; it was from here that David Cameron launched his LibDems 4 Cameron campaign in December 2005 . The seating in both venues can be dismantled to create open spaces for events such as the annual Craft Fair -LRB- in the Main House -RRB- and the Comedy or Folk Club -LRB- in the Studio -RRB- . Both the Main House and the Studio are sound proofed and are not linked structurally within the building , in order to eliminate sound conduction between the two . There is also a licensed Cafe-Bar which hosts a number of free events such as ` Jazz Cafe ' -LRB- Saturday lunchtimes -RRB- , ` Sunday Social ' -LRB- Sunday afternoons -RRB- and ` Open Mike Night ' -LRB- First Tuesday of the month -RRB- . Between 1998 and 2004 the centre received approximately 1.2 million visitors and in 1999 it was described as being an `` ultra-cool , rigorously modern '' building . The Courtyard 's patrons include Sir Derek Jacobi and Jo Brand . ", "The Ritz Theatre in Elizabeth , New Jersey is a performing arts center . The Ritz was built on the site of the 1865 Drake Opera House/People 's Theatre/Star Theatre / Jacob 's Theatre/Proctor 's Theatre . The theatre was purchased in 1925 by Jacob Fabian , who hired architect Fred Wesley Wentworth to design the Ritz Theatre on the site , which opened on March 9 , 1926 with 2,791 seats . By 1941 it was operated by Warner Bros. . Circuit Management Corp. . While there were performances through the 1970s , by the 1980s it was threatened with demolition . In 1989 it was purchased local philanthropists who set out to restore the theatre but ran out of funding . In 1994 purchased by George Castro , who has restored it to its 1920s grand appearance . It is a contributing property to the Mid-Town Historic District . ", "The New Amsterdam Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 214 West 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues in the Theater District of Manhattan , New York City , off of Times Square . It was built in 1902 -- 1903 and was designed by the architecture firm of Henry Hertz and Hugh Tallant ; the Roof Garden , where more risqué productions were presented , and which no longer exists , was added in 1904 , designed by the same firm . The remainder of the building was utilized for offices . From 1913 to 1927 , the theatre was the home of the Ziegfeld Follies , whose producer , Florenz Ziegfeld , Jr. , maintained an office in the building , and operated a nightclub on the roof . George White 's Scandals and Eva LeGallienne 's Civic Repertory Theatre were subsequent tenants . It was used as a movie theatre beginning in 1937 , closed in 1985 , and was leased by The Walt Disney Company and renovated by Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer in 1995 -- 97 to be the flagship for Disney Theatrical Productions presentations on Broadway . Both the Beaux-Arts exterior and the Art Nouveau interior of the building are New York City landmarks , having been designated in 1979 . In addition , the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . Along with the Hudson and Lyceum Theatres , also built in 1903 , the New Amsterdam is one of the oldest surviving Broadway venues . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Robert_Zemeckis", "Poltergeist_-LRB-1982_film-RRB-", "Roman_Polanski", "Chris_Hopewell", "The_Assassination_of_Jesse_James_by_the_Coward_Robert_Ford" ]

[ "Robert Lee Zemeckis -LRB- born May 14 , 1952 -RRB- is an American filmmaker and screenwriter frequently credited as an innovator in visual effects . Credited as `` one of the greatest visual storytellers in filmmaking '' , he first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of Romancing the Stone -LRB- 1984 -RRB- and the science-fiction comedy Back to the Future film trilogy , as well as the live-action/animated comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit -LRB- 1988 -RRB- . In the 1990s he diversified into more dramatic fare , including 1994 's Forrest Gump , for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director . The film itself won Best Picture . The movies he has directed have ranged across a wide variety of genres , for both adults and families . Zemeckis ' films are characterized by an interest in state-of-the-art special effects , including the early use of the insertion of computer graphics into live-action footage in Back to the Future Part II -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , and in Forrest Gump and the pioneering performance capture techniques seen in The Polar Express -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Beowulf -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and A Christmas Carol -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . Though Zemeckis has often been pigeonholed as a director interested only in effects , his work has been defended by several critics , including David Thomson , who wrote that `` No other contemporary director has used special effects to more dramatic and narrative purpose . '' On April 27 , 2017 , Screen Junkies reported Zemeckis was in talks to direct a movie based on The Flash for the DC Extended Universe . ", "Poltergeist is a 1982 American supernatural horror film directed by Tobe Hooper . Steven Spielberg wrote and produced , but had a clause in his contract to prevent him from directing another movie while he made E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial . Therefore , Hooper was selected to direct based on his work on The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . It is the first and most successful entry in the Poltergeist film series . Set in a California suburb , the plot focuses on a family whose home is invaded by malevolent ghosts that abduct the family 's younger daughter . Released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on June 4 , 1982 , the film was a major critical and commercial success , achieving in being the eighth highest-grossing film of 1982 . Years since its release , the film has been recognized as a classic within the horror genre and has gained a cult following . Aside for being nominated for three Academy Awards , a scene from the film was ranked as # 80 on Bravo 's 100 Scariest Movie Moments and the Chicago Film Critics Association named it the 20th scariest film ever made . The film also appeared at # 84 on American Film Institute 's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills , a list of America 's most heart-pounding movies . The Poltergeist franchise is believed by some to be cursed due to the premature deaths of several people associated with the film , a notion that was the focus of an E! True Hollywood Story . The film 's success helped spawn a franchise consisting of two sequels and a remake of the same name which started production in late 2013 , and was released in theaters on May 22 , 2015 . ", "Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański -LRB- born 18 August 1933 -RRB- is a French-Polish film director , producer , writer , actor , and convicted statutory rapist . Born in Paris , his Polish-Jewish parents moved the family back to Poland in 1937 , when he was four . Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany 2 years later , in 1939 , and Polanski spent the next six years of his childhood mostly on his own , trying to survive the ongoing Holocaust . Polanski 's first feature-length film , Knife in the Water -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , made in Poland , was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . He has since received five more Oscar nominations , along with two BAFTAs , four Césars , a Golden Globe Award and the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival in France . In the United Kingdom he directed three films , beginning with Repulsion -LRB- 1965 -RRB- . In 1968 he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film Rosemary 's Baby -LRB- 1968 -RRB- . A turning point in his life took place in 1969 , when his pregnant wife , Sharon Tate , along with four friends , were brutally murdered by members of the Manson Family . Following her death , Polanski returned to Europe and eventually continued directing . He made Macbeth -LRB- 1971 -RRB- in England and back in Hollywood , Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , which was nominated for eleven Academy Awards . In 1977 , Polanski was arrested and charged with the rape of a 13-year-old model during a photo session . He subsequently pled guilty to the charge of statutory rape . He was released from prison after serving 42 days , and as part of an apparent plea bargain , was to be put on probation . When he learned that the judge changed his mind and planned to reject the plea bargain , he fled to Paris before sentencing . In Europe , Polanski continued to make films , including Tess -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , starring aspiring actress , Nastassja Kinski . It won France 's César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director , and received three Oscars . He later produced and directed The Pianist -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , starring Adrien Brody , in a World War II true story drama about a Jewish-Polish musician . The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director , along with numerous international awards . He also directed Oliver Twist -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , a story which parallels his own life as a `` young boy attempting to triumph over adversity '' . He was awarded Best Director for The Ghost Writer -LRB- 2010 -RRB- at the 23rd European Film Awards Having made films in Poland , the United Kingdom , France , and the United States , he is considered one of the few international filmmakers . ", "Chris Hopewell is an English music video director . He has directed videos for Radiohead , Franz Ferdinand , The Killers , Scissor Sisters , Louis XIV , The Knife , The Offspring and several other bands . His video for Radiohead 's `` There There '' received an award for art direction at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards . He also co-directed with Crispin Mills on the film A Fantastic Fear of Everything starring Simon Pegg . His most recent work is directing the music video for Avenged Sevenfold 's 2016 single , `` The Stage '' . ", "The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford is a 2007 American revisionist Western film written and directed by Andrew Dominik . Adapted from Ron Hansen 's 1983 novel of the same name , the film dramatizes the relationship between Jesse James -LRB- Brad Pitt -RRB- and Robert Ford -LRB- Casey Affleck -RRB- , focusing on the events that lead up to the titular killing . Filming took place near Calgary , Alberta ; with additional locations in Canmore , Alberta ; Edmonton , Alberta ; and Winnipeg , Manitoba . Initially intended for a 2006 release , it was postponed and re-edited for a September 21 , 2007 release date . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Taejong_of_Joseon", "Sejong_the_Great", "Injong_of_Joseon", "Prince_Jeongwon", "Gwon_Ram" ]

[ "Taejong of Joseon -LRB- 13 June 1367 -- 30 May 1422 -RRB- was the third king of the Joseon dynasty in Korea and the father of King Sejong the Great . ", "Sejong the Great -LRB- -LSB- se.dʑoŋ -RSB- ; 15 May 1397 - 8 April 1450 -RRB- was the fourth king of Joseon-dynasty Korea . He was the third son of King Taejong and Queen consort Min . He was designated as heir-apparent , Crown Prince , after his older brother Jae was stripped of his title . He ascended to the throne in 1418 . During the first four years of his reign , Taejong governed as regent , after which his father-in-law , Sim On , and his close associates were executed . Sejong reinforced Confucian policies and executed major `` legal amendments '' . He also created the Korean alphabet Hangul , encouraged advancements of scientific technology , and instituted many other efforts to stabilize and improve prosperity . He dispatched military campaigns to the north and instituted the Samin Policy to attract new settlers to the region . To the south , he subjugated Japanese raiders and captured Tsushima Island . During his reign from 1418 to 1450 , he governed from 1422 to 1442 and governed as regent with his son Crown Prince Munjong until his death in either 1442 or 1450 . Although the appellation `` the Great '' / '' '' was given posthumously to almost every ruler of Goryeo and Joseon , this title is usually associated with Gwanggaeto and Sejong . ", "Injong of Joseon -LRB- 10 March 1515 -- 8 August 1545 , r. 1544 -- 1545 -RRB- was the 12th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea . His father was King Jungjong , and his mother was Queen Janggyeong , whose brother was Yun Im . As the firstborn , he became Crown Prince in 1520 and succeeded his father to the throne following Jungjong 's death in 1544 . ", "Wonjong of Joseon or Prince Jeongwon -LRB- 2 August 1580 - 29 December 1619 -RRB- was a prince during the Joseon dynasty . He was an illegitimate son of the Joseon dynasty 's 14th monarch , king Seonjo , and half brother of king Gwanghaegun and father of king Injo . His birth name was Yi Bu . He first held the title of Prince Jeongwon and later re-titled as Grand Prince Jeongwon . In 1592 , during the Japanese invasions of Korea , he escaped with king Seonjo and awarded in 1604 in recognition of helping the king to escape . ", "Gwon Ram -LRB- korean : 권람 , 1416 - February 6 , 1465 -RRB- was Korean Joseon Dynastys politician , writer , historian , nationalist , who served as Second or Left State Councillor which is equivalent to Vice Prime Minister . Entourage of Sejo of Joseon . nickname was Sohandang . father-in-law of general Nam i and Sin Sugeun . " ]

[ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Georgians", "Colchis", "Kingdom_of_Iberia", "Abkhaz–Georgian_conflict", "Èrs_people" ]

[ "The Georgians or Kartvelians -LRB- -LSB- ქართველები , tr -RSB- -RRB- are a nation and ethnic group who constitute a majority of the population in Georgia . Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia , Turkey , Greece , Iran , Ukraine , United States , and to a lesser extent throughout the European Union . Georgians arose from the ancient Colchian and Iberian civilizations . After Christianization of Iberia by Saint Nino they became one of the first who embraced the faith of Jesus in the early 4th century and now the majority of Georgians are Eastern Orthodox Christians and most follow their national autocephalous Georgian Orthodox Church . There are also small Georgian Catholic and Muslim communities in Tbilisi and Adjara , as well as a significant number of irreligious Georgians . A complex process of nation formation has resulted in a diverse set of geographic subgroups of Georgians , each with its characteristic traditions , manners , dialects and , in the case of Svans and Mingrelians , own regional languages . The Georgian language , with its own unique writing system and extensive written tradition , which goes back to the 5th century , is the official language of Georgia as well as the language of education of all Georgians living in the country . Located on the crossroads of predominantly Christian Europe and Muslim Western Asia , Georgian people have maintained their Christian identity in the face of great pressure from neighboring Muslim empires . By the early 11th century they formed a unified Kingdom of Georgia and inaugurated the Georgian Golden Age , a height of political and cultural power of the nation . This lasted until being weakened by Mongol invasions , as well as internal divisions following the death of George V the Brilliant , the last of the great kings of Georgia . Thereafter and throughout the early modern period Georgians became politically fractured and fell into decline due to the onslaught of various hostile empires , including the Ottoman Empire and successive dynasties of Persia . To ensure Georgia 's survival , in 1783 Heraclius II of Georgia forged an alliance with the Russian Empire , which Georgians viewed as a replacement for their fallen traditional ally -- Byzantine Empire . The Russo-Georgian alliance , however , backfired as Russia was unwilling to fulfill the terms of the treaty , proceeding to annex the troubled kingdom in 1801 . Georgians briefly reasserted their independence from Russia under the First Georgian Republic from 1918-1921 , and finally , in 1991 from the Soviet Union . ", "Colchis -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɒlkɪs -RSB- კოლხეთი Kolkheti ; Greek Κολχίς Kolkhis -RRB- was an ancient kingdom and region on the coast of the Black Sea , centered in present-day western Georgia . It has been described in modern scholarship as `` the earliest Georgian formation '' which , along with the Kingdom of Iberia , would later contribute significantly to the development of the medieval Georgian statehood and the Georgian nation . Internationally , Colchis is perhaps best known for its role in Greek mythology , most notably as the destination of the Argonauts , as well as the home to Medea and the Golden fleece . It was also described as a land rich with gold , iron , timber and honey that would export it 's resources mostly to ancient Greece . Colchis was populated by Colchians , an early Kartvelian-speaking tribe , ancestral to the contemporary Western Georgians , namely Svans and Mingrelians , as well as the related Lazs . Its geography is mostly assigned to what is now the western part of Georgia and encompasses the present-day Georgian provinces of Samegrelo , Imereti , Guria , Adjara , Abkhazeti , Svaneti , Racha ; modern Russia 's Sochi and Tuapse districts ; and present-day Turkey 's Rize , Trabzon and Artvin provinces . ", "In Greco-Roman geography , Iberia -LRB- Ancient Greek : Ἰβηρία Hiberia -RRB- was an exonymic name for a Georgian kingdom of Kartli , known after its core province , which during Classical Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages was a significant monarchy in the Caucasus , either as an independent state or as a dependent of larger empires , notably the Sassanid and Roman empires . Iberia , centered on present-day Eastern Georgia , was bordered by Colchis in the west , Caucasian Albania in the east and Armenia in the south . Its population , the Iberians , formed the nucleus of the Georgians -LRB- Kartvelians -RRB- . Iberia , ruled by Pharnavazid , Arsacid and Chosroid royal dynasties , together with Colchis to its west , would form the nucleus of the unified medieval Kingdom of Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty . In the 4th century , after Christianization of Iberia by Saint Nino during the reign of King Mirian III Christiantity was made the state religion of the kingdom . Starting in the early 6th century AD , the kingdom 's position as a Sassanian vassal state was changed into effectively direct Persian rule . In 580 , king Hormizd IV -LRB- 578-590 -RRB- abolished the monarchy after the death of King Bakur III , and Iberia became a Persian province ruled by a marzpan -LRB- governor -RRB- . The term `` Caucasian Iberia '' is also being used to distinguish it from the Iberian Peninsula in Western Europe . ", "The Abkhaz -- Georgian conflict involves ethnic conflict between Georgians and the Abkhaz people in Abkhazia , a de facto independent , partially recognized republic . In a broader sense , one can view the Georgian -- Abkhaz conflict as part of a geopolitical conflict in the Caucasus region , intensified at the end of the 20th century with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The conflict , one of the bloodiest in the post-Soviet area , remains unresolved . The Georgian government has offered substantial autonomy to Abkhazia several times . However , both the Abkhaz government and the opposition in Abkhazia refuse any form of union with Georgia . Abkhaz regard their independence as the result of a war of liberation from Georgia , while Georgians believe that historically Abkhazia has always formed part of Georgia . Georgians formed the single largest ethnic group in pre-war Abkhazia , with a 45.7 % plurality as of 1989 but most Georgians left in Abkhazia want to remain independent of Georgia . Many accuse the government of Eduard Shevardnadze -LRB- in office 1992-2003 -RRB- of the initiation of senseless hostilities , and then of ineffective conduct of the war and post-war diplomacy . During the war the Abkhaz separatist side carried out an ethnic cleansing campaign which resulted in the expulsion of up to 250,000 ethnic Georgians and in the killing of more than 15,000 . The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe -LRB- OSCE -RRB- conventions of Lisbon , Budapest and Istanbul have officially recognized the ethnic cleansing of Georgians , which UN General Assembly Resolution GA/10708 also mentions . The UN Security Council has passed a series of resolutions in which it appeals for a cease-fire . ", "The Èr people , also known as Èrsh or -LRB- in Georgian works -RRB- the Hers , are a hypothetical ancient people inhabiting northern modern Armenia , and to an extent , small areas of northeast Turkey , southern Georgia , and northwest Azerbaijan . Most of their history is constructed based on archaeological and linguistic -LRB- primarily based on placenames , with some elements -RRB- data , compared to historical trends in the region and historical writings , such as the Georgian Chronicles or the Armenian Chronicles , as well as a couple notes made by Strabo . They were a constituent of the state of Urartu , which either incorporated or conquered them during the 8th century BCE . Their relation to the main Urartians -LRB- who were probably ethnically separate from them , judging from place names -RRB- is unknown . Linguistically , based on placenames , they are thought to have been a Nakh people . " ]

[ 0, 2, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "Antigua_and_Barbuda", "Index_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda-related_articles", "Antigua", "List_of_companies_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda", "All_Saints,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" ]

[ "Antigua and Barbuda -LRB- -LSB- ænˈtiːɡə_ənd_bɑːrˈbjuːdə -RSB- ;-RRB- is a twin-island country in the Americas , lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . It consists of two major inhabited islands , Antigua and Barbuda , and a number of smaller islands -LRB- including Great Bird , Green , Guinea , Long , Maiden and York Islands and further south , the island of Redonda -RRB- . The permanent population numbers about 81,800 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- and the capital and largest port and city is St. John 's , on Antigua . Separated by a few nautical miles , Antigua and Barbuda are in the middle of the Leeward Islands , part of the Lesser Antilles , roughly at 17 ° N of the equator . The country 's name was given by Christopher Columbus in 1493 after discovering the island , in honor of the Virgin of La Antigua in the Seville Cathedral . The country is nicknamed `` Land of 365 Beaches '' due to the many beaches surrounding the islands . Its governance , language , and culture have all been strongly influenced by the British Empire , of which the country was formerly a part . ", "The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to the nation of Antigua and Barbuda . ", "Antigua -LRB- -LSB- ænˈtiːɡə -RSB- -RRB- , also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population , is an island in the West Indies . It is one of the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region and the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda . Antigua and Barbuda became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations on 1 November 1981 . Antigua means `` ancient '' in Spanish after an icon in Seville Cathedral , `` Santa Maria de la Antigua '' -- St. Mary of the Old Cathedral . The name Waladli comes from the indigenous inhabitants and means approximately `` our own '' . The island 's circumference is roughly 87 km and its area 281 km2 . Its population was 80,161 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- . The economy is mainly reliant on tourism , with the agricultural sector serving the domestic market . Over 32,000 people live in the capital city , St. John 's , at . The capital is situated in the north-west and has a deep harbour which is able to accommodate large cruise ships . Other leading population settlements are All Saints -LRB- 3,412 -RRB- and Liberta -LRB- 2,239 -RRB- , according to the 2001 census . English Harbour on the south-eastern coast is famed for its protected shelter during violent storms . It is the site of a restored British colonial naval station called `` Nelson 's Dockyard '' after Captain Horatio Nelson . Today English Harbour and the neighbouring village of Falmouth are internationally famous as a yachting and sailing destination and provisioning centre . During Antigua Sailing Week , at the end of April and beginning of May , the annual world-class regatta brings many sailing vessels and sailors to the island to play sports . ", "Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island country in the Americas , lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . It consists of two major inhabited islands , Antigua and Barbuda , and a number of smaller islands -LRB- including Great Bird , Green , Guinea , Long , Maiden and York Islands and further south , the island of Redonda -RRB- . The permanent population numbers about 81,800 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- and the capital and largest port and city is St. John 's , on Antigua . Tourism dominates the economy , accounting for more than half of the Gross Domestic Product -LRB- GDP -RRB- . Antigua is famous for its many luxury resorts . Investment banking and financial services also make up an important part of the economy . ", "All Saints is the second largest town in Antigua and Barbuda , with a population of 3,412 . It is located in the middle of Antigua , at . Just 5 miles SE of here is the capital , St. John 's . Within the vicinity of the town is Betty 's Hope , the first large-scale sugarcane plantation in Antigua . Betty 's Hope was built in 1674 by Sir Christopher Codrington , the namesake of Codrington , and was named for his daughter , Elizabeth Codrington . The only remaining structures are two stone sugar mills and the remains of the stillhouse , though its important role in Antigua 's history has inspired its government to turn it into an open-air museum . The area around All Saints is known for its traditional pottery . Potter 's Village , a nearby settlement , is named after it . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "SummerSlam", "SummerSlam_-LRB-2015-RRB-", "Bedlam_-LRB-2011_TV_series-RRB-", "Shane_Summers", "The_X_Factor_-LRB-UK_TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "SummerSlam is a professional wrestling pay-per-view -LRB- PPV -RRB- event , produced annually in August by professional wrestling promotion WWE . Dubbed as `` The Biggest Party of the Summer '' , it is one of the original `` Big Four '' pay-per-view events of WWE -LRB- along with WrestleMania , Royal Rumble and Survivor Series -RRB- . The inaugural SummerSlam took place on August 29 , 1988 at Madison Square Garden in New York City and was broadcast via pay-per-view . SummerSlam has been touted by WWE as their second biggest event of the year after WrestleMania . From 2009 to 2014 , SummerSlam remained exclusive to Staples Center in Los Angeles . Since 2015 , the event has took place at the Barclays Center in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . ", "SummerSlam -LRB- 2015 -RRB- was a professional wrestling pay-per-view -LRB- PPV -RRB- event produced by WWE . It took place on August 23 , 2015 , at Barclays Center in Brooklyn , New York . The twenty-eighth event under the SummerSlam chronology , this was the first since 2008 to be held outside of Los Angeles as Staples Center was the exclusive home for SummerSlam from 2009 to 2014 , and the eighth SummerSlam to be held in the New York metropolitan area . The Izod Center was originally supposed to host SummerSlam , but due to its closure in April 2015 , the event was moved to Barclays Center . The event was the first in the SummerSlam chronology to be four hours in length , a length previously reserved only for WrestleMania . The event was the second night of what was billed as a `` triple-header '' at Barclays Center , with NXT TakeOver : Brooklyn having taken place the previous night , and Raw the following night . Ten matches were contested at the event , with no pre-show . In the main event , The Undertaker defeated Brock Lesnar in controversial fashion ; Lesnar put Undertaker in his Kimura lock and the timekeeper rang the bell after seeing the Undertaker supposedly indicating submission , but since the referee had n't seen a submission and never stopped the match , the match continued . The confusion allowed Undertaker to surprise Lesnar with a low blow before trapping him in the Hell 's Gate submission hold , during which Lesnar passed out to give Undertaker the win . ", "Bedlam is a British supernatural drama television series created by David Allison , Neil Jones , and Chris Parker . It was first broadcast on 7 February 2011 on Sky Living and Sky Living HD . The series finale was broadcast on 15 March 2011 . In December 2011 , it was announced that a second series had been commissioned for broadcasting in Spring 2012 with an updated cast . Series 2 was broadcast from June 2012 with Lacey Turner taking the lead as a suspended paramedic who can see dead people . On 13 November 2012 Jack Roth , who plays Max in the series , revealed that Bedlam may return for Series 3 and that a decision on the show 's future is to be made around Christmas 2012 . On 11 March 2013 Roth announced on Twitter that Bedlam would not be returning for a third series . ", "Shane Lister Summers -LRB- 23 June 1936 -- 1 June 1961 -RRB- was a British racing driver , born in Rossett , Denbighshire , Wales . Although he raced in Formula One , he never participated in a World Championship event . He was the son of the Conservative politician Spencer Summers . In 1960 , Summers had a successful season racing a Lotus 15 sports car prepared by Terry Bartram , and for the following season , he and Bartram decided to enter Formula One with a new Cooper T53 , chassis number F1-8-61 . At the season opener , the non-Championship Lombank Trophy , 24-year-old Summers qualified tenth of the 14 runners , and finished eighth and last . The following week he crashed out of the Glover Trophy after again qualifying tenth . Travelling to Europe for the next two races , he was refused a start at the 1961 Brussels Grand Prix despite posting the 12th fastest time in qualifying , but started from the front row at the Vienna Grand Prix . From second on the grid , he ran near the front until his suspension failed . Returning to the UK , Summers entered the Aintree 200 , qualifying 13th of 28 starters , and finishing 12th . A month later he achieved his best result , finishing fourth in the London Trophy . However , during practice in the rain for the Silver City Trophy race at Brands Hatch , Summers was killed when he spun at Paddock Hill Bend and crashed into a concrete wall at the pit tunnel entrance . ", "The X Factor is a British reality television music competition to find new singing talent . The contestants are aspiring singers drawn from public auditions . Created by Simon Cowell , the show began in 2004 and has since aired annually from August/September until December . The show is produced by FremantleMedia 's Thames -LRB- previously Talkback Thames -RRB- and Cowell 's production company Syco TV . It is broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and simulcast on TV3 in Ireland . `` X Factor '' refers to the undefinable `` something '' that makes for star quality . The series consists of auditions , bootcamp , judges ' houses , several weeks of live shows , semi-finals and the final . The series had a spin-off behind-the-scenes show called The Xtra Factor , which aired directly after the main show on ITV2 . This lasted from series 1 until series 13 when it was cancelled by ITV in January 2017 . The original judging panel consisted of Louis Walsh , Sharon Osbourne and Cowell . In 2005 Paula Abdul joined the show as a guest judge whilst Osbourne was away then joined the panel in 2006 for three sets of auditions . Brian Friedman replaced Walsh in series 4 , which also saw Dannii Minogue join the panel . Friedman left during the auditions and Walsh replaced Friedman . Cheryl Cole replaced Osbourne in series 5 . Gary Barlow , Kelly Rowland and Tulisa joined the panel in series 8 as replacements for Cowell , Minogue , and Cole . Rowland left before series 9 and was replaced by Nicole Scherzinger . Osbourne returned to the panel in series 10 , replacing Tulisa . Cowell and Cole -LRB- now Fernandez-Versini -RRB- returned to replace Barlow and Osbourne in series 11 , while Mel B replaced Scherzinger . In series 12 , Mel B and Walsh were replaced by Rita Ora and Nick Grimshaw . In series 13 , Walsh , Osbourne and Scherzinger returned , replacing Grimshaw , Fernandez-Versini and Ora . The first three series were presented by Kate Thornton , then from the fourth to 11th series , the show was presented by Dermot O'Leary , he then returned from the 13th series . In series 12 , the show was presented by Caroline Flack and Olly Murs . Also , in series 10 , Flack served as a backstage presenter during the Saturday night live shows . Roman Kemp will begin serving as the digital presenter of the show in series 13 . The show is split into different stages , following the contestants from auditions through to the final . In the original televised audition stage of the show , contestants sang in an audition room in front of just the judges , but from the sixth series onwards , auditionees sing on a stage in front of the judges and a live audience . In series 10 and 11 , both auditions formats were used . In series 12 , the room auditions were scrapped , leaving just the arena auditions . The room auditions were revived in series 13 , and no arena auditions followed . Successful auditionees go through to `` bootcamp '' and then to `` judges ' houses '' , where judges narrow down the acts in their category down to three or four acts to mentor for the live shows , where the public vote for their favourite acts following weekly live performances by the contestants . There have been 13 winners of the show to date : Steve Brookstein , Shayne Ward , Leona Lewis , Leon Jackson , Alexandra Burke , Joe McElderry , Matt Cardle , Little Mix , James Arthur , Sam Bailey , Ben Haenow , Louisa Johnson and Matt Terry . Winners receive a recording contract with record label Syco Music with a stated value of # 1 million . This includes a cash payment to the winner , but the majority is allocated to marketing and recording costs . From 2004 to 2010 , and again in 2013 and 2014 , the winning contestant 's single was released in time for the end-of-year chart battle for the UK 's Christmas number one , with all of them -LRB- bar McElderry in 2009 and Terry in 2016 -RRB- reaching the top spot . As of November 2016 , 41 number-one singles have been achieved by artists who have appeared on the show , such as Lewis , Burke , JLS , Olly Murs , Cher Lloyd , One Direction and Little Mix . The show is the originator of the international The X Factor franchise . A prominent show in British popular culture , The X Factor has proved hugely popular with the public . The sixth series attracted 200,000 auditionees and peaked at 19.7 million UK viewers -LRB- a 63.2 % audience share -RRB- . More than 10 million votes were cast in the sixth series final . " ]

[ 0, 2, 1, 0, 2 ]

[ "Maltese_language", "Languages_of_Malta", "Malta", "Semitic_languages", "Elections_in_Malta" ]

[ "Maltese -LRB- links = no -RRB- is the national language of Malta and a co-official language of the country alongside English , while also serving as an official language of the European Union , the only Semitic language so distinguished . Maltese is descended from Siculo-Arabic , the variety of Arabic that developed in Sicily and was later introduced to Malta , between the end of the ninth century and the end of the twelfth century . Maltese is a unique branch of Arabic because it has evolved independently of Literary Arabic into a standardized language over the past 800 years in a gradual process of Latinisation . The original Semitic base -LRB- Siculo-Arabic -RRB- comprises around one-third of the Maltese vocabulary , especially words that denote basic ideas and the function words , but about half of the vocabulary is derived from standard Italian and Sicilian ; and English words make up between 6 % and 20 % of the vocabulary . Maltese has always been written in the Latin script , the earliest surviving example dating from the late Middle Ages . ", "Malta has two official languages : Maltese and English . Maltese is also the national language . Until 1934 Italian was also an official language in Malta . Having been governed by many different countries in the past , the Maltese population is generally able to converse in languages which are not native to the country , namely English and Italian . According to the Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2012 , 98 % of Maltese people can speak Maltese , 88 % can speak English , 66 % can speak Italian , and more than 17 % speak French . This shows a recent increase in the fluency of languages , since in 1995 , only 98 % of the population spoke Maltese , 76 % English , 36 % Italian , and 10 % French . Surprisingly , it also shows an increase in Italian fluency compared to when Italian was an official language of Malta . French , German and Spanish are the other main languages studied in secondary and tertiary education . ", "Malta -LRB- -LSB- ˈmɒltə -RSB- -LSB- ˈmɐltɐ -RSB- -RRB- , officially known as the Republic of Malta -LRB- Repubblika ta ' Malta -RRB- , is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea . It lies 80 km south of Italy , 284 km east of Tunisia , and 333 km north of Libya . The country covers just over 316 km2 , with a population of just under 450,000 , making it one of the world 's smallest and most densely populated countries . The capital of Malta is Valletta , which at 0.8 km2 , is the smallest national capital in the European Union by area . Malta has one national language , which is Maltese , and English as an official language . Malta 's location in the middle of the Mediterranean has historically given it great strategic importance as a naval base , and a succession of powers , including the Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Moors , Normans , Sicilians , Spanish , Knights of St. John , French and British , have ruled the islands . King George VI of the United Kingdom awarded the George Cross to Malta in 1942 for the country 's bravery in the Second World War . The George Cross continues to appear on Malta 's national flag . Under the Malta Independence Act , passed by the British Parliament in 1964 , Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom as an independent sovereign Commonwealth realm , officially known from 1964 to 1974 as the State of Malta , with Elizabeth II as its head of state . The country became a republic in 1974 , and although no longer a Commonwealth realm , remains a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations . Malta was admitted to the United Nations in 1964 and to the European Union in 2004 ; in 2008 , it became part of the Eurozone . Malta has a long Christian legacy and its Archdiocese of Malta is claimed to be an apostolic see because , according to Acts of the Apostles , St Paul was shipwrecked on `` Melita '' , now widely taken to be Malta . Catholicism is the official religion in Malta . Malta is a popular tourist destination with its warm climate , numerous recreational areas , and architectural and historical monuments , including three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum , Valletta , and seven Megalithic Temples , which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world . ", "The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family originating in the Middle East . Semitic languages are spoken by more than 330 million people across much of Western Asia , North Africa and the Horn of Africa , as well as in often large expatriate communities in North America and Europe , with smaller communities in the Caucasus and Central Asia . The terminology was first used in the 1780s by members of the Göttingen School of History , who derived the name from Shem , one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis . The most widely spoken Semitic languages today are -LRB- numbers given are for native speakers only -RRB- Arabic -LRB- 300 million -RRB- , Amharic -LRB- 22 million -RRB- , Tigrinya -LRB- 7 million -RRB- , Hebrew -LRB- unknown ; 5 million native and non-native L1 speakers -RRB- , Tigre -LRB- 1.05 million in 2006 -RRB- , Aramaic -LRB- 575,000 to 1 million largely Assyrian fluent speakers -RRB- and Maltese -LRB- 520,000 speakers -RRB- . Semitic languages occur in written form from a very early historical date , with East Semitic Akkadian and Eblaite texts -LRB- written in a script adapted from Sumerian cuneiform -RRB- appearing from the 29th century BCE and the 25th century BCE in Mesopotamia and the northern Levant respectively . The only earlier attested written languages are Sumerian , Elamite -LRB- both language isolates -RRB- and Egyptian . However , most scripts used to write Semitic languages are abjadsa type of alphabetic script that omits some or all of the vowels , which is feasible for these languages because the consonants in the Semitic languages are the primary carriers of meaning . Among them are the Ugaritic , Phoenician , Aramaic , Hebrew , Syriac , Arabic , and South Arabian alphabets . The Ge'ez script , used initially in Yemen , and later also for writing the Semitic languages of Ethiopia and Eritrea , is technically an abugida a modified abjad in which vowels are notated using diacritic marks added to the consonants at all times , in contrast with other Semitic languages which indicate diacritics based on need or for introductory purposes . Maltese is the only Semitic language written in the Latin script and the only Semitic language to be an official language of the European Union . The Semitic languages are notable for their nonconcatenative morphology . That is , word roots are not themselves syllables or words , but instead are isolated sets of consonants -LRB- usually three , making a so-called triliteral root -RRB- . Words are composed out of roots not so much by adding prefixes or suffixes , but rather by filling in the vowels between the root consonants -LRB- although prefixes and suffixes are often added as well -RRB- . For example , in Arabic , the root meaning `` write '' has the form k-t-b . From this root , words are formed by filling in the vowels and sometimes adding additional consonants , e.g. كتاب kitāb `` book '' , كتب kutub `` books '' , كاتب kātib `` writer '' , كتّاب kuttāb `` writers '' , كتب kataba `` he wrote '' , يكتب yaktubu `` he writes '' , etc. . ", "Malta elects on a national level 6 MEPs representing Malta in the European Parliament , on a district level the legislature , On a local level the Local Councils and on a community level the Administrative Committees . Malta uses single transferable vote to elect its MP/MEP and local councillors . Even though transferable preferences should help third parties , the Maltese electorate , since independence , has consistently voted in two dominant political parties and effectively created a two party system . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "NXT_Tag_Team_Championship", "Artist_of_Stardom_Championship", "NWA_United_States_Tag_Team_Championship", "WWE_Championship", "Impact_Wrestling_X_Division_Championship" ]

[ "The NXT Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling tag team championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on their developmental brand , NXT . Introduced on January 23 , 2013 , the inaugural champions were the British Ambition -LRB- Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey -RRB- . The current champions are The Authors of Pain -LRB- Akam and Rezar -RRB- , who are in their first reign , both as a team and individually . ", "The is a professional wrestling six-woman tag team championship owned by the World Wonder Ring Stardom promotion . The title was first announced during Stardom 's year-end event on December 24 , 2012 , and two days later its name was revealed as the `` Artist of Stardom Championship '' , with a four-team one night single-elimination tournament announced to determine the inaugural champions . On January 14 , 2013 , Kawasaki Katsushika Saikyou Densetsu -LRB- Act Yasukawa , Natsuki ☆ Taiyo and Saki Kashima -RRB- defeated Team Shimmer -LRB- Kellie Skater , Portia Perez and Tomoka Nakagawa -RRB- in the finals of the tournament to become the inaugural champions . The championship belts were introduced on February 6 , 2013 , when they arrived to Stardom 's office from their American maker . The belts are rare among all other tag team championship belts in that they are all of different color ; one is blue , one orange and one pink . Like most professional wrestling championships , the title is won as a result of a scripted match . There have been thirteen reigns shared among thirteen teams and twenty-seven wrestlers . Hiromi Mimura , Kairi Hojo and Konami are the current champions in their first reign as a team . Individually , this is the first reign for Mimura and Konami and the fourth for Hojo . ", "The NWA United States Tag Team Championship is a name used for several secondary tag team championship used by various National Wrestling Alliance -LRB- NWA -RRB- members since 1958 . At least ten different versions of the NWA United States Tag Team Championships have been promoted in various regions across the United States , starting with the Capitol Wrestling Corporation version in 1958 , to the NWA Smokey Mountain Wrestling version that is active today . The NWA 's bylaws allowed any NWA member , also known as NWA territories , to create and control their own version of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship . The most well known version of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship was the Jim Crockett Promotions version that later became known as the WCW United States Tag Team Championship . As it is a professional wrestling championship , it is not won or lost competitively but instead by the decision of the bookers of a wrestling promotion . The title is awarded after the chosen team `` wins '' a match to maintain the illusion that professional wrestling is a competitive sport . ", "The WWE Championship is a world heavyweight championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on the SmackDown brand . It is one of two world titles in the WWE , alongside the WWE Universal Championship that was created for the Raw brand as a result of the 2016 WWE draft . The title is currently held by Jinder Mahal , who is in his first reign . The original world championship of the promotion , it was established by the then-World Wide Wrestling Federation -LRB- WWWF -RRB- on April 25 , 1963 as the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship , following the promotion seceding from the National Wrestling Alliance -LRB- NWA -RRB- . The inaugural champion was Buddy Rogers . Since its inception , the title has undergone many name changes due to company name changes and title unifications . It is the oldest championship currently active in the WWE , and is presented as being the promotion 's most prestigious title , with many matches for the title having headlined pay-per-view events -- including WWE 's flagship event WrestleMania . From its inception until 2001 , it was promoted as WWE 's sole primary championship . An additional world title , the WCW Championship , was added after the then-World Wrestling Federation 's purchase of World Championship Wrestling in early 2001 . The titles were later unified as the Undisputed Championship . After the first brand extension in 2002 and the promotion becoming the WWE , the championship became exclusive to SmackDown , and the World Heavyweight Championship was created for Raw . ECW became a third brand in 2006 , adding the ECW World Heavyweight Championship . Over the course of the first brand extension , the WWE Championship switched between brands , usually as a result of the annual draft . The ECW Championship was deactivated in 2010 , and the World Heavyweight Championship was unified with the WWE Championship in 2013 . The championship was again the sole world title of WWE until the reintroduction of the brand extension in 2016 . ", "The Impact Wrestling X Division Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by the Impact Wrestling promotion . It debuted on June 19 , 2002 at the taping of then-TNA 's second weekly pay-per-view -LRB- PPV -RRB- event . Like most professional wrestling championships , the title is won as a result of a scripted match . There have been 68 reigns among 30 wrestlers . The title has previously been known as the TNA X Division Championship , the NWA X Championship , the NWA -- TNA X Championship , and the NWA -- TNA X Division Championship . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Richard_Dawson", "Terry_O'Sullivan", "Exhumation_and_reburial_of_Richard_III_of_England", "Richard_Perceval_Graves", "Richard_Grenville_-LRB-died_1550-RRB-" ]

[ "Richard Dawson -LRB- born Colin Lionel Emm ; 20 November 1932 -- 2 June 2012 -RRB- was a British-American actor and comedian , and a game show host and panellist in the United States . Dawson was well known for playing Corporal Peter Newkirk on Hogan 's Heroes , being the original host of the Family Feud game show from 1976 -- 85 , and from 1994 -- 95 , and a regular panellist on the 1970s version of Match Game on CBS from 1973 -- 78 . In 1984 , he became an American citizen while retaining his British citizenship . ", "Terry O'Sullivan -LRB- July 7 , 1915 -- September 14 , 2006 -RRB- was an American actor , best known for his role on the soap opera Search for Tomorrow as `` Arthur Tate '' -LRB- 1952 -- 1955 , 1956 -- 1966 -RRB- . In the `` Arthur Tate '' role , he received the TV-Radio Mirror Award for Best Daytime Drama Actor three years in a row -LRB- 1953 -- 1955 -RRB- . When his character was written out of Search for Tomorrow , he played the role of Richard Hunter , father of Susan Hunter -LRB- Denise Alexander -RRB- , on Days of Our Lives -LRB- 1966 -- 68 -RRB- . He also played Judge Sam Stevens on The Secret Storm -LRB- 1968 -- 1969 -RRB- before officially retiring from television roles in 1970 and relocating to Minnetonka , Minnesota . ", "The exhumation and reburial of Richard III began with the discovery of the king 's remains within the site of the former Greyfriars Friary Church in Leicester , England , in September 2012 . Following extensive anthropological and genetic testing , the remains of Richard III , the last English king killed in battle , were ultimately reinterred at Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015 . Richard III , the final ruler of the Plantagenet dynasty , was killed on 22 August 1485 in the Battle of Bosworth Field , the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses . His body was taken to Greyfriars Friary in Leicester , where it was buried in a crude grave in the friary church . Following the friary 's dissolution in 1538 and subsequent demolition , Richard 's tomb was lost . An erroneous account arose that Richard 's bones had been thrown into the River Soar at the nearby Bow Bridge . A search for Richard 's body began in August 2012 , initiated by the Looking for Richard project with the support of the Richard III Society . The archaeological excavation was led by the University of Leicester Archaeological Services , working in partnership with Leicester City Council . On the first day a human skeleton belonging to a man in his thirties was uncovered showing signs of severe injuries . The skeleton , which had several unusual physical features , most notably a severe curvature of the back , was exhumed to allow scientific analysis . Examination showed that the man had probably been killed either by a blow from a large bladed weapon , probably a halberd , which cut off the back of his skull and exposed the brain , or by a sword thrust that penetrated all the way through the brain . Other wounds on the skeleton had probably occurred after death as `` humiliation injuries '' , inflicted as a form of posthumous revenge . The age of the bones at death matched that of Richard when he was killed ; they were dated to about the period of his death and were mostly consistent with physical descriptions of the king . Preliminary DNA analysis showed that mitochondrial DNA extracted from the bones matched that of two matrilineal descendants , one 17th-generation and the other 19th-generation , of Richard 's sister Anne of York . Taking these findings into account along with other historical , scientific and archaeological evidence , the University of Leicester announced on 4 February 2013 that it had concluded beyond reasonable doubt that the skeleton was that of Richard III . As a condition of being allowed to disinter the skeleton , the archaeologists agreed that , if Richard were found , his remains would be reburied in Leicester Cathedral . A controversy arose as to whether an alternative reburial site , York Minster or Westminster Abbey , would be more suitable . A legal challenge confirmed there were no public law grounds for the courts to be involved in that decision . Reinterment took place in Leicester on 26 March 2015 , during a televised memorial service held in the presence of the Archbishop of Canterbury and senior members of other Christian denominations . ", "Richard Perceval Graves -LRB- born 21 December 1945 -RRB- is an English biographer , poet and lecturer , best known for his three-volume biography of his uncle Robert Graves . ", "Richard Grenville -LRB- died 1550 -RRB- was a west country nobleman . He was MP for Cornwall in 1529 , and was both Sheriff of Cornwall and Sheriff of Devon . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Zoroastrianism", "Messianism", "Christian_atheism", "Atharvashiras_Upanishad", "Bahman_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-" ]

[ "Zoroastrianism , or more natively Mazdayasna , is one of the world 's oldest extant religions , `` combining a cosmogonic dualism and eschatological monotheism in a manner unique -LSB- ... -RSB- among the major religions of the world '' . Ascribed to the teachings of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster -LRB- or Zarathustra -RRB- , it exalts a deity of wisdom , Ahura Mazda -LRB- Wise Lord -RRB- , as its Supreme Being . Major features of Zoroastrianism , such as messianism , heaven and hell , and free will have , some believe , influenced other religious systems , including Second Temple Judaism , Gnosticism , Christianity , and Islam . With possible roots dating back to the second millennium BCE , Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the 5th-century BCE , and along with a Mithraic Median prototype and a Zurvanist Sassanid successor it served as the state religion of the pre-Islamic Iranian empires from around 600 BCE to 650 CE . Zoroastrianism was suppressed from the 7th century onwards following the Muslim conquest of Persia of 633-654 . Recent estimates place the current number of Zoroastrians at around 2.6 million , with most living in India and in Iran . Besides the Zoroastrian diaspora , the older Mithraic faith Yazdânism is still practised amongst Kurds . The religious philosophy of Zoroaster divided the early Iranian gods of Proto-Indo-Iranian tradition . The most important texts of the religion are those of the Avesta , the Zoroastrians ' holy book . In Zoroastrianism , the creator Ahura Mazda , through the Spenta Mainyu -LRB- Good Spirit , `` Bounteous Immortals '' -RRB- is an all-good `` father '' of Asha -LRB- Truth , `` order , justice '' -RRB- , in opposition to Druj -LRB- `` falsehood , deceit '' -RRB- and no evil originates from `` him '' . `` He '' and his works are evident to humanity through the six primary Amesha Spentas and the host of other Yazatas , through whom worship of Mazda is ultimately directed . Spenta Mainyu adjoined unto `` truth '' oppose the Spirit 's opposite , Angra Mainyu and its forces born of Akəm Manah -LRB- `` evil thinking '' -RRB- . Zoroastrianism has no major theological divisions , though it is not uniform ; modern-era influences having a significant impact on individual and local beliefs , practices , values and vocabulary , sometimes merging with tradition and in other cases displacing it . In Zoroastrianism , the purpose in life is to `` be among those who renew the world ... to make the world progress towards perfection '' . Its basic maxims include : Humata , Hukhta , Huvarshta , which mean : Good Thoughts , Good Words , Good Deeds . There is only one path and that is the path of Truth . Do the right thing because it is the right thing to do , and then all beneficial rewards will come to you also . The most important texts of the religion are those of the Avesta , which includes the writings of Zoroaster known as the Gathas , enigmatic poems that define the religion 's precepts , and the Yasna , the scripture . The full name by which Zoroaster addressed the deity is : Ahura , The Lord Creator , and Mazda , Supremely Wise . He proclaimed that there is only one God , the singularly creative and sustaining force of the Universe . He also stated that human beings are given a right of choice , and because of cause and effect are also responsible for the consequences of their choices . Zoroaster 's teachings focused on responsibility , and did not introduce a devil per se . The contesting force to Ahura Mazda was called Angra Mainyu , or angry spirit . Post-Zoroastrian scripture introduced the concept of Ahriman , the Devil , which was effectively a personification of Angra Mainyu . ", "In Abrahamic religions , Messianism is the belief and doctrine that is centered on the advent of the messiah , who acts as the chosen savior and leader of humanity by God . Messianism originated from the Hebrew Bible -LRB- Christian Old Testament -RRB- , in which a messiah is a Jewish monarch or High Priest traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil . The concept of messianism has developed over time , with different interpretations of scripture constituting different prophecies and portraits of the messiah within Judaism and the Abrahamic religions . In Judaism , the messiah will be a future Jewish king from the line of David , and in Christianity and Islam , Jesus is the messiah who is called the Christ , the savior and redeemer of the Jewish people and humanity . Other religions have a messianism-related concept , including the Buddhist Maitreya , the Hindu Kalki , the Zoroastrian Saoshyant and He whom God shall make manifest in Bábism . ", "Christian atheism is a form of Cultural Christianity and a system of ethics which draws its beliefs and practices from the life and teachings of Jesus Christ , as recorded in the Gospels of the New Testament and other sources , while rejecting the supernatural claims of Christianity at large . Christian Atheism takes many forms - some Christian Atheists take a theological position , in which the belief in the transcendent or interventionist God is rejected or absent in favor of finding God totally in the world -LRB- Thomas J. J. Altizer -RRB- , while others follow Jesus in a godless world -LRB- William Hamilton -RRB- . Hamilton 's Christian atheism is similar to Jesuism . ", "The Atharvashiras Upanishad is a Sanskrit text that is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism . It is among the 31 Upanishads associated with the Atharvaveda . It is classified as a Shaiva Upanishad focussed on god Rudra . The Upanishad is notable for asserting that all gods are Rudra , everyone and everything is Rudra , and Rudra is the principle found in all things , their highest goal , the innermost essence of all reality that is visible or invisible . Rudra is Atman and Brahman , and in the heart . Rudra 's symbol is Om , states the text , he can be realized by abandoning anger and lust , and through silence alone . The text is known for its monism -LRB- Advaita -RRB- , and was quoted extensively by the German philosopher Hegel . It is also known as Atharvasirasopanishad , Atharvashira , Atharvasira in some texts referencing it , and as Śira Upanishad in Muktikā canon of 108 Upanishads . ", "Bahman is the 11th month of the year in Zoroastrian & Iranian calendars , named after the Zoroastrian concept . Bahman may also refer to : " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Zoroastrianism", "Messianism", "Christian_atheism", "Atharvashiras_Upanishad", "Bahman_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-" ]

[ "Zoroastrianism , or more natively Mazdayasna , is one of the world 's oldest extant religions , `` combining a cosmogonic dualism and eschatological monotheism in a manner unique -LSB- ... -RSB- among the major religions of the world '' . Ascribed to the teachings of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster -LRB- or Zarathustra -RRB- , it exalts a deity of wisdom , Ahura Mazda -LRB- Wise Lord -RRB- , as its Supreme Being . Major features of Zoroastrianism , such as messianism , heaven and hell , and free will have , some believe , influenced other religious systems , including Second Temple Judaism , Gnosticism , Christianity , and Islam . With possible roots dating back to the second millennium BCE , Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the 5th-century BCE , and along with a Mithraic Median prototype and a Zurvanist Sassanid successor it served as the state religion of the pre-Islamic Iranian empires from around 600 BCE to 650 CE . Zoroastrianism was suppressed from the 7th century onwards following the Muslim conquest of Persia of 633-654 . Recent estimates place the current number of Zoroastrians at around 2.6 million , with most living in India and in Iran . Besides the Zoroastrian diaspora , the older Mithraic faith Yazdânism is still practised amongst Kurds . The religious philosophy of Zoroaster divided the early Iranian gods of Proto-Indo-Iranian tradition . The most important texts of the religion are those of the Avesta , the Zoroastrians ' holy book . In Zoroastrianism , the creator Ahura Mazda , through the Spenta Mainyu -LRB- Good Spirit , `` Bounteous Immortals '' -RRB- is an all-good `` father '' of Asha -LRB- Truth , `` order , justice '' -RRB- , in opposition to Druj -LRB- `` falsehood , deceit '' -RRB- and no evil originates from `` him '' . `` He '' and his works are evident to humanity through the six primary Amesha Spentas and the host of other Yazatas , through whom worship of Mazda is ultimately directed . Spenta Mainyu adjoined unto `` truth '' oppose the Spirit 's opposite , Angra Mainyu and its forces born of Akəm Manah -LRB- `` evil thinking '' -RRB- . Zoroastrianism has no major theological divisions , though it is not uniform ; modern-era influences having a significant impact on individual and local beliefs , practices , values and vocabulary , sometimes merging with tradition and in other cases displacing it . In Zoroastrianism , the purpose in life is to `` be among those who renew the world ... to make the world progress towards perfection '' . Its basic maxims include : Humata , Hukhta , Huvarshta , which mean : Good Thoughts , Good Words , Good Deeds . There is only one path and that is the path of Truth . Do the right thing because it is the right thing to do , and then all beneficial rewards will come to you also . The most important texts of the religion are those of the Avesta , which includes the writings of Zoroaster known as the Gathas , enigmatic poems that define the religion 's precepts , and the Yasna , the scripture . The full name by which Zoroaster addressed the deity is : Ahura , The Lord Creator , and Mazda , Supremely Wise . He proclaimed that there is only one God , the singularly creative and sustaining force of the Universe . He also stated that human beings are given a right of choice , and because of cause and effect are also responsible for the consequences of their choices . Zoroaster 's teachings focused on responsibility , and did not introduce a devil per se . The contesting force to Ahura Mazda was called Angra Mainyu , or angry spirit . Post-Zoroastrian scripture introduced the concept of Ahriman , the Devil , which was effectively a personification of Angra Mainyu . ", "In Abrahamic religions , Messianism is the belief and doctrine that is centered on the advent of the messiah , who acts as the chosen savior and leader of humanity by God . Messianism originated from the Hebrew Bible -LRB- Christian Old Testament -RRB- , in which a messiah is a Jewish monarch or High Priest traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil . The concept of messianism has developed over time , with different interpretations of scripture constituting different prophecies and portraits of the messiah within Judaism and the Abrahamic religions . In Judaism , the messiah will be a future Jewish king from the line of David , and in Christianity and Islam , Jesus is the messiah who is called the Christ , the savior and redeemer of the Jewish people and humanity . Other religions have a messianism-related concept , including the Buddhist Maitreya , the Hindu Kalki , the Zoroastrian Saoshyant and He whom God shall make manifest in Bábism . ", "Christian atheism is a form of Cultural Christianity and a system of ethics which draws its beliefs and practices from the life and teachings of Jesus Christ , as recorded in the Gospels of the New Testament and other sources , while rejecting the supernatural claims of Christianity at large . Christian Atheism takes many forms - some Christian Atheists take a theological position , in which the belief in the transcendent or interventionist God is rejected or absent in favor of finding God totally in the world -LRB- Thomas J. J. Altizer -RRB- , while others follow Jesus in a godless world -LRB- William Hamilton -RRB- . Hamilton 's Christian atheism is similar to Jesuism . ", "The Atharvashiras Upanishad is a Sanskrit text that is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism . It is among the 31 Upanishads associated with the Atharvaveda . It is classified as a Shaiva Upanishad focussed on god Rudra . The Upanishad is notable for asserting that all gods are Rudra , everyone and everything is Rudra , and Rudra is the principle found in all things , their highest goal , the innermost essence of all reality that is visible or invisible . Rudra is Atman and Brahman , and in the heart . Rudra 's symbol is Om , states the text , he can be realized by abandoning anger and lust , and through silence alone . The text is known for its monism -LRB- Advaita -RRB- , and was quoted extensively by the German philosopher Hegel . It is also known as Atharvasirasopanishad , Atharvashira , Atharvasira in some texts referencing it , and as Śira Upanishad in Muktikā canon of 108 Upanishads . ", "Bahman is the 11th month of the year in Zoroastrian & Iranian calendars , named after the Zoroastrian concept . Bahman may also refer to : " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Betsy_Hodges", "Minneapolis_mayoral_election,_2013", "Connecticut_gubernatorial_election,_1994", "Judith_Flanagan_Kennedy", "Edythe_Harrison" ]

[ "Elizabeth A. `` Betsy '' Hodges -LRB- born September 7 , 1969 -RRB- is the mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections . Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . ", "The 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election was held on November 5 , 2013 to elect the Mayor of Minneapolis for a four-year term . This was the second mayoral election in the city 's history to use instant-runoff voting , popularly known as ranked choice voting , first implemented in the city 's 2009 elections . Municipal elections in Minnesota are nonpartisan , although candidates are able to identify with a political party on the ballot . After incumbent Mayor R. T. Rybak announced in late 2012 that he would not seek a fourth term , 35 candidates began campaigns to replace him . Many of these candidates sought the endorsement of the Minneapolis unit of the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party -LRB- DFL -RRB- , though the convention ultimately ended with no endorsement . Although she did not win enough votes to be victorious on the first ballot , DFLer Betsy Hodges held a `` commanding '' lead and was `` poised '' to be elected following completion of vote tabulations . Second-place finisher Mark Andrew effectively conceded on election night , saying that it was unlikely that he would overcome Hodges ' lead . Hodges was elected in the 33rd round after two days of vote tabulations . ", "The Connecticut gubernatorial election of 1994 included Republican John G. Rowland winning the open seat following the retirement of A Connecticut Party Governor Lowell Weicker . The election was a four-way race between A Connecticut Party Lieutenant Governor Eunice Groark , Republican U.S. Congressman John G. Rowland , Democrat state comptroller Bill Curry , and independent conservative talk show host Tom Scott . Rowland won the election with just 36 % of the vote . ", "Judith Flanagan Kennedy is the 56th and current mayor of Lynn , Massachusetts . She had previously served as a member of the Lynn School Committee from 1991 to 1997 and had been a councilor-at-large from 1997 to 2009 . She launched a write-in campaign for mayor after the death of candidate Patrick J. McManus . She defeated incumbent Edward J. Clancy , Jr. on November 3 , 2009 ; 8,043 votes to 8,016 . She is Lynn 's first female mayor . In 2013 she was elected to a second , four-year term . ", "Edythe Colton `` Edie '' Harrison -LRB- born September 17 , 1934 -RRB- is an American politician who served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1980 to 1983 . She lost renomination to Tom Moss in 1982 after the state 's House district maps were redrawn . In 1984 , she ran for United States Senate , losing to the Republican incumbent , John Warner . In 1974 , Harrison worked to found the Virginia Opera Association and led a fundraising campaign to restore the Norfolk Municipal Auditorium for the company 's new home , the Harrison Opera House . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Zoroastrianism", "Messianism", "Christian_atheism", "Judaism", "Ariosophy" ]

[ "Zoroastrianism , or more natively Mazdayasna , is one of the world 's oldest extant religions , `` combining a cosmogonic dualism and eschatological monotheism in a manner unique -LSB- ... -RSB- among the major religions of the world '' . Ascribed to the teachings of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster -LRB- or Zarathustra -RRB- , it exalts a deity of wisdom , Ahura Mazda -LRB- Wise Lord -RRB- , as its Supreme Being . Major features of Zoroastrianism , such as messianism , heaven and hell , and free will have , some believe , influenced other religious systems , including Second Temple Judaism , Gnosticism , Christianity , and Islam . With possible roots dating back to the second millennium BCE , Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the 5th-century BCE , and along with a Mithraic Median prototype and a Zurvanist Sassanid successor it served as the state religion of the pre-Islamic Iranian empires from around 600 BCE to 650 CE . Zoroastrianism was suppressed from the 7th century onwards following the Muslim conquest of Persia of 633-654 . Recent estimates place the current number of Zoroastrians at around 2.6 million , with most living in India and in Iran . Besides the Zoroastrian diaspora , the older Mithraic faith Yazdânism is still practised amongst Kurds . The religious philosophy of Zoroaster divided the early Iranian gods of Proto-Indo-Iranian tradition . The most important texts of the religion are those of the Avesta , the Zoroastrians ' holy book . In Zoroastrianism , the creator Ahura Mazda , through the Spenta Mainyu -LRB- Good Spirit , `` Bounteous Immortals '' -RRB- is an all-good `` father '' of Asha -LRB- Truth , `` order , justice '' -RRB- , in opposition to Druj -LRB- `` falsehood , deceit '' -RRB- and no evil originates from `` him '' . `` He '' and his works are evident to humanity through the six primary Amesha Spentas and the host of other Yazatas , through whom worship of Mazda is ultimately directed . Spenta Mainyu adjoined unto `` truth '' oppose the Spirit 's opposite , Angra Mainyu and its forces born of Akəm Manah -LRB- `` evil thinking '' -RRB- . Zoroastrianism has no major theological divisions , though it is not uniform ; modern-era influences having a significant impact on individual and local beliefs , practices , values and vocabulary , sometimes merging with tradition and in other cases displacing it . In Zoroastrianism , the purpose in life is to `` be among those who renew the world ... to make the world progress towards perfection '' . Its basic maxims include : Humata , Hukhta , Huvarshta , which mean : Good Thoughts , Good Words , Good Deeds . There is only one path and that is the path of Truth . Do the right thing because it is the right thing to do , and then all beneficial rewards will come to you also . The most important texts of the religion are those of the Avesta , which includes the writings of Zoroaster known as the Gathas , enigmatic poems that define the religion 's precepts , and the Yasna , the scripture . The full name by which Zoroaster addressed the deity is : Ahura , The Lord Creator , and Mazda , Supremely Wise . He proclaimed that there is only one God , the singularly creative and sustaining force of the Universe . He also stated that human beings are given a right of choice , and because of cause and effect are also responsible for the consequences of their choices . Zoroaster 's teachings focused on responsibility , and did not introduce a devil per se . The contesting force to Ahura Mazda was called Angra Mainyu , or angry spirit . Post-Zoroastrian scripture introduced the concept of Ahriman , the Devil , which was effectively a personification of Angra Mainyu . ", "In Abrahamic religions , Messianism is the belief and doctrine that is centered on the advent of the messiah , who acts as the chosen savior and leader of humanity by God . Messianism originated from the Hebrew Bible -LRB- Christian Old Testament -RRB- , in which a messiah is a Jewish monarch or High Priest traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil . The concept of messianism has developed over time , with different interpretations of scripture constituting different prophecies and portraits of the messiah within Judaism and the Abrahamic religions . In Judaism , the messiah will be a future Jewish king from the line of David , and in Christianity and Islam , Jesus is the messiah who is called the Christ , the savior and redeemer of the Jewish people and humanity . Other religions have a messianism-related concept , including the Buddhist Maitreya , the Hindu Kalki , the Zoroastrian Saoshyant and He whom God shall make manifest in Bábism . ", "Christian atheism is a form of Cultural Christianity and a system of ethics which draws its beliefs and practices from the life and teachings of Jesus Christ , as recorded in the Gospels of the New Testament and other sources , while rejecting the supernatural claims of Christianity at large . Christian Atheism takes many forms - some Christian Atheists take a theological position , in which the belief in the transcendent or interventionist God is rejected or absent in favor of finding God totally in the world -LRB- Thomas J. J. Altizer -RRB- , while others follow Jesus in a godless world -LRB- William Hamilton -RRB- . Hamilton 's Christian atheism is similar to Jesuism . ", "Judaism -LRB- from Iudaismus , derived from Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός , originally from Hebrew , Yehudah , `` Judah '' ; in Hebrew : , Yahadut , the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos -RRB- is an ancient monotheistic Abrahamic religion , with the Torah as its foundational text -LRB- part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible -RRB- , and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud . It encompasses the religion , philosophy , culture and way of life of the Jewish people . Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel . With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide , Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world . Judaism includes a wide corpus of texts , practices , theological positions , and forms of organization . Within Judaism there are a variety of movements , most of which emerged from Rabbinic Judaism , which holds that God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah . Historically , this assertion was challenged by various groups such as the Sadducees and Hellenistic Judaism during the Second Temple period ; the Karaites and Sabbateans during the early and later medieval period ; and among segments of the modern non-Orthodox denominations . Modern branches of Judaism such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic . Today , the largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism -LRB- Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism -RRB- , Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism . Major sources of difference between these groups are their approaches to Jewish law , the authority of the Rabbinic tradition , and the significance of the State of Israel . Orthodox Judaism maintains that the Torah and Jewish law are divine in origin , eternal and unalterable , and that they should be strictly followed . Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal , with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more `` traditional '' interpretation of Judaism 's requirements than Reform Judaism . A typical Reform position is that Jewish law should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than as a set of restrictions and obligations whose observance is required of all Jews . Historically , special courts enforced Jewish law ; today , these courts still exist but the practice of Judaism is mostly voluntary . Authority on theological and legal matters is not vested in any one person or organization , but in the sacred texts and rabbis and scholars who interpret them . The history of Judaism spans more than 3,000 years . Judaism has its roots as a structured religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age . Judaism is considered one of the oldest monotheistic religions . The Hebrews and Israelites were already referred to as `` Jews '' in later books of the Tanakh such as the Book of Esther , with the term Jews replacing the title `` Children of Israel '' . Judaism 's texts , traditions and values strongly influenced later Abrahamic religions , including Christianity , Islam and the Baha'i Faith . Many aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular Western ethics and civil law . Jews are an ethnoreligious group and include those born Jewish and converts to Judaism . In 2015 , the world Jewish population was estimated at about 14.3 million , or roughly 0.2 % of the total world population . About 43 % of all Jews reside in Israel and another 43 % reside in the United States and Canada , with most of the remainder living in Europe , and other minority groups spread throughout South America , Asia , Africa , and Australia . ", "Armanism and Ariosophy are the names of ideological systems of an esoteric nature , pioneered by Guido von List and Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels respectively , in Austria between 1890 and 1930 . The term ` Ariosophy ' , meaning wisdom concerning the Aryans , was first coined by Lanz von Liebenfels in 1915 and became the label for his doctrine in the 1920s . In research on the topic , such as Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke 's book The Occult Roots of Nazism , the term ` Ariosophy ' is used generically to describe the Aryan-esoteric theories of a subset of the ` Völkische Bewegung ' . This broader use of the word is retrospective and was not generally current among the esotericists themselves . '' List actually called his doctrine ` Armanism ' , while Lanz used the terms ` Theozoology ' and ` Ario-Christianity ' before the First World War . The ideas of Von List and Lanz von Liebenfels were part of a general occult revival in Austria and Germany of the late 19th and early 20th centuries , inspired by historical Germanic paganism and holistic philosophy as well as esoteric concepts influenced by German romanticism and Theosophy . The connection of this Germanic mysticism with historical Germanic culture is evident in the mystics ' fascination with runes , in the form of Guido von List 's Armanen runes . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Hammer_Film_Productions", "Under_the_Black_Eagle", "No_Place_for_a_Lady", "Black_-LRB-2004_film-RRB-", "Black_Sheep_-LRB-2006_New_Zealand_film-RRB-" ]

[ "Hammer Film Productions is a British film production company based in London . Founded in 1934 , the company is best known for a series of Gothic `` Hammer Horror '' films made from the mid-1950s until the 1970s . Hammer also produced science fiction , thrillers , film noir and comedies -- and , in later years , television series . During its most successful years , Hammer dominated the horror film market , enjoying worldwide distribution and considerable financial success . This success was due , in part , to distribution partnerships with major United States studios , such as Warner Bros. . During the late 1960s and 1970s the saturation of the horror film market by competitors and the loss of American funding forced changes to the previously lucrative Hammer formula , with varying degrees of success . The company eventually ceased production in the mid-1980s . In 2000 , the studio was bought by a consortium including advertising executive and art collector Charles Saatchi and publishing millionaires Neil Mendoza and William Sieghart . The company announced plans to begin making films again after this , but none were produced . In May 2007 , the company was sold again , this time to a consortium headed by Dutch media tycoon John de Mol , who announced plans to spend some $ 50m -LRB- # 25m -RRB- on new horror films . The new owners also acquired the Hammer group 's film library , consisting of 295 movies . Simon Oakes , who took over as CEO of Hammer , said : `` Hammer is a great British brand -- we intend to take it back into production and develop its global potential . The brand is still alive but no one has invested in it for a long time '' . Since then it has produced several films , including Let Me In -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , The Resident -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Woman in Black -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and The Quiet Ones -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . ", "Under the Black Eagle is a 1928 American drama silent film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and written by Norman Houston , Bradley King and Madeleine Ruthven . The film stars Ralph Forbes , Marceline Day , Bert Roach , William Fairbanks and Marc McDermott . The film was released on March 24 , 1928 , by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . ", "No Place for a Lady is a 1943 black and white mystery film , directed by James P. Hogan . ", "Black is a 2004 Indian Malayalam crime thriller film written and directed by Ranjith , and produced by Lal . It deals with the underworld operations in Kochi . Mammootty plays the role of Police Constable Karikkamuri Shanmugham , who ironically is a hit man and a contract killer . The film features cinematography by Amal Neerad . The film was a comeback for actor Rahman to Malayalam cinema . ", "Black Sheep is a 2006 New Zealand made black comedy horror film written and directed by Jonathan King . It was produced by Philippa Campbell and stars Nathan Meister , Peter Feeney , Danielle Mason , Tammy Davis , Oliver Driver , Tandi Wright , Glenis Levestam , Nick Blake , Matthew Chamberlain , Nick Fenton , Eli Kent , and Sam Clarke . The special effects were done by Weta Workshop . The film premiered at the TIFF on 10 September 2006 as part of their Midnight Madness series and was theatrically released on 29 March 2007 by The Weinstein Company in New Zealand . Black Sheep received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 4.9 million . It also received a Narcisse Award nomination for Best Feature Film . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Petyr_Baelish", "Benedict_Rattigan", "Pippin_-LRB-comics-RRB-", "The_Flirting_Widow", "Eärendil" ]

[ "Petyr Baelish , nicknamed Littlefinger , is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . He is a prominent non-point of view character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series , and a main character in HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , where he is portrayed by Aidan Gillen . In A Storm of Swords , it is revealed that several major plot points have hinged on Baelish 's intrigues , including the framing of Tyrion Lannister for the attempt on Bran Stark 's life , the downfall of Lord Eddard Stark , the deaths of Lord Jon Arryn and King Joffrey Baratheon , and the War of the Five Kings . ", "Benedict Rattigan -LRB- born 1965 -RRB- is an English writer and documentary film-maker . As a television producer , he has made films for the BBC , NBC , C4 and Granada Television . In addition to publishing two books , he has written articles for periodicals from The Philosopher to Time Out . In 2006 , he founded the UK branch of the Albert Schweitzer Institute , campaigning on issues relating to animal welfare , human rights and the environment . He was educated at Eton College -LRB- ' 79 - ' 83 -RRB- and Oxford University -LRB- ' 92 - ' 93 -RRB- , where he read philosophy . The son of the royal portrait painter Michael Noakes and the writer and academic Vivien Noakes . he legally adopted the surname Rattigan in 2015 . A friend of Paul McCartney and Heather Mills , his phone was allegedly hacked on numerous occasions by Glenn Mulcaire at the time of the McCartneys ' divorce in 2006 . He is one of 46 claimants who brought a claim for compensation against Mulcaire and News International in April 2012 . ", "Pippin was a UK children 's comic , published by Polystyle Publications between 24.09.1966 and 26.09.1986 , featuring characters from British pre-school television programmes . Stories were generally of four or eight numbered panels , with a short sentence below each illustration -LRB- similar to Rupert -RRB- , although some stories did appear in prose form . Regular stories included The Pogles -LRB- whose Pippin character gave the comic its name -RRB- , Bizzy Lizzy , Joe , The Woodentops , Andy Pandy , Bill and Ben , Camberwick Green , Trumpton and Chigley , Titch and Quackers , Toytown , Mary Mungo & Midge , The Moonbeans , Tales of the Riverbank , The Herbs , Mr Benn , Teddy Edward , Barnaby the Bear , Ivor the Engine , Rubovia and Sooty and Sweep . Andy Pandy and Bill and Ben also appeared regularly in Robin . Each issue was around 16 pages in colour and black and white , and also featured a puzzle page , readers letters & photographs , and a bible story . Each year a hardback annual was published , containing new stories and puzzles , and regular holiday specials . Around 1983 a special winter holiday edition reprinted some old strips from the past 15 years -LRB- `` ask your older brothers or sisters '' -RRB- . A companion comic , Playland , was launched in 1968 and ran alongside Pippin until 1975 when the two titles were merged under the title Pippin in Playland -- although each continued to issue separate annuals at Christmas . Several strips , such as Sooty , Andy Pandy , The Herbs and Camberwick Green , appeared in both comics at one time or another . First published 24 September 1966 , the final edition appeared on 26 September 1986 -LRB- absorbed into Buttons -RRB- . Artists included Neville Main and Bill Melvin . Pippin ran for 1044 issues . ", "The Flirting Widow is a 1930 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by William A. Seiter and produced and released by First National Pictures , a subsidiary of Warner Bros. . The film stars Dorothy Mackaill , Basil Rathbone , Leila Hyams and Claude Gillingwater . It is based on a story , entitled Green Stockings , by A.E.W. Mason . The film was remade in 1933 as Her Imaginary Lover at the Teddington Studios , the British branch of Warner Brothers-First National Productions . ", "Eärendil the Mariner -LRB- pronounced -LSB- - artɛaˈrɛndil -RSB- -RRB- is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium . He is depicted in The Silmarillion , as a child of Men and Elves and a great seafarer who , on his brow , carried the morning star across the sky . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Economy_of_Pakistan", "Islamabad", "Pakistan", "Pakistani_tea_culture", "List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_-LRB-PPP-RRB-" ]

[ "The economy of Pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- , and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product . Pakistan has a population of over 190 million -LRB- the world 's 6th-largest -RRB- , giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $ 1,428 , which ranks 147th in the world for 2016 . However , Pakistan 's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36 % of its overall economy , which is not taken into consideration when calculating per capita income . Pakistan is a developing country and is one of the Next Eleven , the eleven countries and have a potential to be among the world 's large economies in the 21st century . However , after decades of war and social instability , as of 2013 , serious deficiencies in basic services such as railway transportation and electric power generation had developed . The economy is semi-industrialized , with centres of growth along the Indus River . Primary export commodities include textiles , leather goods , sports goods , chemicals and carpets/rugs . Growth poles of Pakistan 's economy are situated along the Indus River ; the diversified economies of Karachi and major urban centers in the Punjab , coexisting with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country . The economy has suffered in the past from internal political disputes , a fast-growing population , mixed levels of foreign investment . Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances , but a growing current account deficit -- driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion -- could draw down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term . Pakistan is currently undergoing a process of economic liberalization , including privatization of all government corporations , aimed to attract foreign investment and decrease budget deficit . In 2014 , foreign currency reserves crossed $ 18.4 billion which has led to stable outlook on the long-term rating by Standard & Poor 's . In 2016 , BMI Research report named Pakistan as one of the ten emerging economies with a particular focus on of its manufacturing hub . In October 2016 , the IMF chief Christine Lagarde confirmed her economic assessment in Islamabad that Pakistan 's economy was ` out of crisis ' The World Bank predicts that by 2018 , Pakistan 's economic growth will increase to a `` robust '' 5.4 % due to greater inflow of foreign investment , namely from the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor . According to the World Bank , poverty in Pakistan fell from 64.3 % in 2002 to 29.5 % in 2014 . Pakistan 's fiscal position continues to improve as the budget deficit has fallen from 6.4 % in 2013 to 4.3 % in 2016 . The country 's improving Macroeconomic position has led to Moody 's upgrading Pakistan 's debt outlook to `` stable '' . ", "Islamabad -LRB- -LSB- ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd -RSB- -LSB- , , -LSB- ɪsˌlɑːmɑˈbɑːd̪ -RSB- -RRB- is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory . With a population of two million , it is the 10th largest city of Pakistan , while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the third largest in Pakistan with a population exceeding five million . The city is the political seat of Pakistan and is administered by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation , supported by the Capital Development Authority -LRB- CDA -RRB- . Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country , between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park to the north . The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions . Islamabad was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan 's capital . The city 's master-plan divides the city into eight zones , including administrative , diplomatic enclave , residential areas , educational sectors , industrial sectors , commercial areas , and rural and green areas . The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests , including the Margalla Hills National Park and Shakarparian Park . The city is home to several landmarks , including the Faisal Mosque , the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest in the world . Other landmarks include the Pakistan 's National Monument and Democracy Square . Islamabad is a beta - world city ; it is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index , the highest in the country . The city has the highest cost of living in Pakistan , and its population is dominated by middle and upper middle class citizens . The city is home to sixteen universities , including the Quaid-e-Azam University and NUST . The city is one of the safest in Pakistan , and has an expansive surveillance system with 1,900 CCTV cameras . ", "Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn -RSB- -LSB- -RRB- , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central and Western Asia . It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 201 million people . In terms of area , it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 km2 . Pakistan has a 1,046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the far northeast , respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation that was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans , and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander of Macedonia , the Indian Mauryan Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire , and most recently , the British Empire . Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent 's struggle for independence , Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for South Asian Muslims . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh . In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing , alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status , a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories . The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah . A regional and middle power , Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state , being the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status . Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector , and a growing services sector . The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 41st-largest in terms of nominal GDP -LRB- World Bank -RRB- . It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world , and is backed by one of the world 's largest and fastest-growing middle classes . The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule , and since 2008 a transition to democracy , amid conflicts with neighbouring India . The country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy , healthcare , and corruption , but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income . Pakistan is a member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , the ECO , the SAARC , the Developing Eight , and the G20 developing nations , Group of 24 , Group of 77 , and ECOSOC . It is also an associate member of CERN . Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol , the Paris Agreement , and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . ", "The consumption of tea in Pakistan , where it is called chai , its name in Urdu , is of central significance to its culture . It is one of the most consumed beverages in Pakistani cuisine . Pakistan does produce its own limited tea in Chinkiari -LRB- KP -RRB- farms , however it ranks as the third largest importer of tea in the world . In 2003 , as much as 109,000 tonnes of tea were consumed in Pakistan , ranking it at seven on the list of tea-consuming countries in the world . ", "This article includes a list of 57 member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation sorted by their gross domestic product -LRB- GDP -RRB- at purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- per capita , the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year . " ]

[ 2, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Economy_of_Pakistan", "Islamabad", "Pakistan", "Pakistani_tea_culture", "List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_-LRB-PPP-RRB-" ]

[ "The economy of Pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- , and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product . Pakistan has a population of over 190 million -LRB- the world 's 6th-largest -RRB- , giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $ 1,428 , which ranks 147th in the world for 2016 . However , Pakistan 's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36 % of its overall economy , which is not taken into consideration when calculating per capita income . Pakistan is a developing country and is one of the Next Eleven , the eleven countries and have a potential to be among the world 's large economies in the 21st century . However , after decades of war and social instability , as of 2013 , serious deficiencies in basic services such as railway transportation and electric power generation had developed . The economy is semi-industrialized , with centres of growth along the Indus River . Primary export commodities include textiles , leather goods , sports goods , chemicals and carpets/rugs . Growth poles of Pakistan 's economy are situated along the Indus River ; the diversified economies of Karachi and major urban centers in the Punjab , coexisting with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country . The economy has suffered in the past from internal political disputes , a fast-growing population , mixed levels of foreign investment . Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances , but a growing current account deficit -- driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion -- could draw down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term . Pakistan is currently undergoing a process of economic liberalization , including privatization of all government corporations , aimed to attract foreign investment and decrease budget deficit . In 2014 , foreign currency reserves crossed $ 18.4 billion which has led to stable outlook on the long-term rating by Standard & Poor 's . In 2016 , BMI Research report named Pakistan as one of the ten emerging economies with a particular focus on of its manufacturing hub . In October 2016 , the IMF chief Christine Lagarde confirmed her economic assessment in Islamabad that Pakistan 's economy was ` out of crisis ' The World Bank predicts that by 2018 , Pakistan 's economic growth will increase to a `` robust '' 5.4 % due to greater inflow of foreign investment , namely from the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor . According to the World Bank , poverty in Pakistan fell from 64.3 % in 2002 to 29.5 % in 2014 . Pakistan 's fiscal position continues to improve as the budget deficit has fallen from 6.4 % in 2013 to 4.3 % in 2016 . The country 's improving Macroeconomic position has led to Moody 's upgrading Pakistan 's debt outlook to `` stable '' . ", "Islamabad -LRB- -LSB- ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd -RSB- -LSB- , , -LSB- ɪsˌlɑːmɑˈbɑːd̪ -RSB- -RRB- is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory . With a population of two million , it is the 10th largest city of Pakistan , while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the third largest in Pakistan with a population exceeding five million . The city is the political seat of Pakistan and is administered by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation , supported by the Capital Development Authority -LRB- CDA -RRB- . Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country , between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park to the north . The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions . Islamabad was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan 's capital . The city 's master-plan divides the city into eight zones , including administrative , diplomatic enclave , residential areas , educational sectors , industrial sectors , commercial areas , and rural and green areas . The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests , including the Margalla Hills National Park and Shakarparian Park . The city is home to several landmarks , including the Faisal Mosque , the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest in the world . Other landmarks include the Pakistan 's National Monument and Democracy Square . Islamabad is a beta - world city ; it is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index , the highest in the country . The city has the highest cost of living in Pakistan , and its population is dominated by middle and upper middle class citizens . The city is home to sixteen universities , including the Quaid-e-Azam University and NUST . The city is one of the safest in Pakistan , and has an expansive surveillance system with 1,900 CCTV cameras . ", "Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn -RSB- -LSB- -RRB- , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central and Western Asia . It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 201 million people . In terms of area , it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 km2 . Pakistan has a 1,046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the far northeast , respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation that was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans , and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander of Macedonia , the Indian Mauryan Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire , and most recently , the British Empire . Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent 's struggle for independence , Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for South Asian Muslims . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh . In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing , alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status , a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories . The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah . A regional and middle power , Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state , being the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status . Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector , and a growing services sector . The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 41st-largest in terms of nominal GDP -LRB- World Bank -RRB- . It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world , and is backed by one of the world 's largest and fastest-growing middle classes . The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule , and since 2008 a transition to democracy , amid conflicts with neighbouring India . The country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy , healthcare , and corruption , but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income . Pakistan is a member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , the ECO , the SAARC , the Developing Eight , and the G20 developing nations , Group of 24 , Group of 77 , and ECOSOC . It is also an associate member of CERN . Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol , the Paris Agreement , and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . ", "The consumption of tea in Pakistan , where it is called chai , its name in Urdu , is of central significance to its culture . It is one of the most consumed beverages in Pakistani cuisine . Pakistan does produce its own limited tea in Chinkiari -LRB- KP -RRB- farms , however it ranks as the third largest importer of tea in the world . In 2003 , as much as 109,000 tonnes of tea were consumed in Pakistan , ranking it at seven on the list of tea-consuming countries in the world . ", "This article includes a list of 57 member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation sorted by their gross domestic product -LRB- GDP -RRB- at purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- per capita , the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year . " ]

[ 2, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Fraud", "R_v_Ghosh", "Extrinsic_fraud", "Materiality_-LRB-auditing-RRB-", "Monetary_policy" ]

[ "In law , fraud is deliberate deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain , or to deprive a victim of a legal right . Fraud itself can be a civil wrong -LRB- i.e. , a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud and/or recover monetary compensation -RRB- , a criminal wrong -LRB- i.e. , a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities -RRB- or it may cause no loss of money , property or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong . The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits , such as obtaining a driver 's license or qualifying for a mortgage by way of false statements . A hoax is a distinct concept that involves deliberate deception without the intention of gain or of materially damaging or depriving a victim . ", "R v Ghosh -LSB- 1982 -RSB- EWCA Crim 2 is an English criminal law case , dealing with dishonesty , deception and theft . It is relevant in prosecutions under , for example , the Theft Act 1968 , the Fraud Act 2006 , the Social Security Administration Act 1992 and the Immigration and Asylum Act . ", "Extrinsic fraud is fraud that `` induces one not to present a case in court or deprives one of the opportunity to be heard -LSB- or -RSB- is not involved in the actual issues ... '' It can involve fraud on the court , but is not necessarily the same . More broadly , it is defined as : Extrinsic fraud does not mean merely lying or perjury , nor misrepresentations , nor intrinsic fraud , nor `` to matters that could have been raised during the divorce proceeding . '' It must involve `` collateral ... circumstances '' such as : `` bribery of a judge or juror , '' `` fabrication of evidence by an attorney , '' `` preventing another party 's witness from appearing , '' `` intentionally failing to join a necessary party , '' or `` misleading another party into thinking a continuance had been granted ... '' ", "Materiality is a concept or convention within auditing and accounting relating to the importance/significance of an amount , transaction , or discrepancy . The objective of an audit of financial statements is to enable the auditor to express an opinion whether the financial statements are prepared , in all material respects , in conformity with an identified financial reporting framework such as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles -LRB- GAAP -RRB- . As a simple example , an expenditure of ten cents on paper is generally immaterial , and , if it were forgotten or recorded incorrectly , then no practical difference would result , even for a very small business . However , a transaction of many millions of dollars is almost always material , and if it were forgotten or recorded incorrectly , then financial managers , investors , and others would make incorrect decisions as a result of this error . The assessment of what is material -- where to draw the line between a transaction that is big enough to matter or small enough to be immaterial -- depends upon factors such as the size of the organization 's revenues and expenses , and is ultimately a matter of professional judgment . ", "Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country , like the central bank or currency board , controls the supply of money , often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency . Further goals of a monetary policy are usually to contribute to economic growth and stability , to lower unemployment , and to maintain predictable exchange rates with other currencies . Monetary economics provides insight into how to craft an optimal monetary policy . Since the 1970s , monetary policy has generally been formed separately from fiscal policy , which refers to taxation , government spending , and associated borrowing . Monetary policy is referred to as either being expansionary or contractionary . Expansionary policy is when a monetary authority uses its tools to stimulate the economy . An expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy more rapidly than usual . It is traditionally used to try to combat unemployment in a recession by lowering interest rates in the hope that easy credit will entice businesses into expanding . Also , this increases the aggregate demand -LRB- the overall demand for all goods and services in an economy -RRB- , which boosts growth as measured by gross domestic product -LRB- GDP -RRB- . Expansionary monetary policy usually diminishes the value of the currency , thereby decreasing the exchange rate . The opposite of expansionary monetary policy is contractionary monetary policy , which slows the rate of growth in the money supply or even shrinks it . This slows economic growth to prevent inflation . Contractionary monetary policy can lead to increased unemployment and depressed borrowing and spending by consumers and businesses , which can eventually result in an economic recession ; it should hence be well managed and conducted with care . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pet", "Guide_dog", "Live", "The_Serra_Project", "FIDO_Friendly" ]

[ "A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person 's company , protection , and/or entertainment rather than as a working animal , sport animal , livestock , or laboratory animal . Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances , and their loyal or playful personalities . Pets provide their owners -LRB- or guardians -RRB- physical and emotional benefits . Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise , fresh air , and social interaction . Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people , as well as to other people who are living alone . There is a medically approved class of therapy animals , mostly dogs or cats , that are brought to visit confined humans . Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical , social , cognitive , and emotional goals with patients . The most popular pets are likely dogs and cats but people also keep house rabbits , ferrets ; rodents such as gerbils , hamsters , chinchillas , fancy rats , and guinea pigs ; avian pets , such as canaries , parakeets , corvids , parrots , and chickens ; reptile pets , such as turtles , lizards and snakes ; aquatic pets , such as goldfish , tropical fish and frogs ; and arthropod pets , such as tarantulas and hermit crabs . Some scholars and animal rights organizations have raised concern over pet-keeping with regards to the autonomy and objectification of nonhuman animals . ", "Guide dogs , -LRB- also known as service animals , assistance animals or colloquially as seeing eye dogs -RRB- , are assistance dogs trained to lead blind and visually impaired people around obstacles . Although the dogs can be trained to navigate various obstacles , lots of them are -LRB- red -- green -RRB- color blind and are not capable of interpreting street signs . The human does the directing , based on skills acquired through previous mobility training . The handler might be likened to an aircraft 's navigator , who must know how to get from one place to another , and the dog is the pilot , who gets them there safely . In several countries , guide dogs , along with most service and hearing dogs , are exempt from regulations against the presence of animals in places such as restaurants and public transportation . ", "Live may refer to : ", "The Serra Project , a California nonprofit organization , was founded in 1987 to provide residences for people living with HIV/AIDS , who would otherwise be homeless or living in unsafe unhealthy conditions . ", "FIDO Friendly is an American dog travel and lifestyle magazine published bimonthly including hotel and destination reviews along with health and wellness topics , dog training advice , celebrity interviews , and the latest fashion trends . Founder of `` Get Your Licks on Route 66 '' , an annual , month-long pet adoption campaign to promote animal wellness and shelter adoptions , FIDO Friendly is also cooperatively involved with over 30 non-profit organizations , including North Shore Animal League America . Publisher Susan Sims hosts FIDO Friendly Travel Talk on Animal Radio . Sims also co-hosts a podcast with editor , Nicholas Sveslosky , Travel Tails , for Pet Life Radio . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Nottingham_Forest_F.C.", "Trawden_Forest_F.C.", "Forest_City_London", "Scunthorpe_United_F.C.", "Holbeach_United_F.C." ]

[ "Nottingham Forest Football Club is a professional association football club based in Nottingham , England . The team play in the Championship , the second tier of English football , having been there since promotion from League One in 2008 . The club , often referred to as Forest , have played home matches at the City Ground since 1898 . Founded in 1865 , Forest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 and joined the Football League in 1892 . Since then , they have mostly competed in the top two League tiers , bar five seasons in the third tier . Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959 . Their most successful period was under the management of Brian Clough between 1975 and 1993 , winning the League in 1978 and back to back European Cups in the two years after , a feat which has never been equalled , plus four League Cups and two Full Members Cups . ", "Trawden Forest Football Club was an English association football club based in the village of Trawden , Lancashire and playing their matches at Cottontree , Colne . ", "FC London , is a Canadian soccer team based in London , in the province of Ontario . The club was founded in 2008 and plays in League1 Ontario . The team plays home games at German-Canadian Club of London Field , which seats 900 spectators . Forest City London Soccer Club as they were known was a member of the Premier Development League from 2009-2015 , they won the 2012 PDL title , their first championship during this time . They re-branded to FC London following their move to League 1 Ontario in 2016 . ", "Scunthorpe United Football Club is a professional association football club based in the town of Scunthorpe , North Lincolnshire , England . The team play in League One , the third tier of the English football league system . The team is nicknamed The Iron , and has played in a home strip of claret and blue for most of its history . It plays its home games at Glanford Park , having moved from the Old Show Ground in 1988 . Grimsby Town , Hull City , Doncaster Rovers , Lincoln City and York City are its main rivals , although of these clubs only Doncaster Rovers currently play in the same division as Scunthorpe . The club was formed in 1899 , turned professional in 1912 and joined the Football League in 1950 . It achieved promotion to Division Two in 1958 , where it stayed until 1964 , but has spent most of its time as a Football League club in the basement tier . The club has had more success recently , however : it was promoted from Football League Two in 2005 , and then spent three out of four seasons from 2007 in the Football League Championship . The Iron were relegated to Football League One in 2011 , having finished bottom of the Championship . The club then suffered a further blow , being relegated to Football League Two in 2013 , however it was fortunate enough to immediately bounce back , winning promotion back to the third tier at the end of the 2013 -- 14 season . In recent years , the club has developed a reputation for developing promising young strikers , having sold Billy Sharp , Martin Paterson and Gary Hooper on for seven-figure sums . The club was also considered one of the most financially prudent in English football , being one of only three in the top four divisions to be debt-free . This status has recently changed after it was announced that a # 2 million loan from the outgoing chairman Steve Wharton was on the accounts to help the club maintain some sense of financial stability . Scunthorpe United was also the first club in England to build a cantilever stand after their old East stand burnt down in 1959 , four years before Sheffield Wednesday constructed its cantilever stand at Hillsborough . ", "Holbeach United F.C. is an English football club based in Holbeach , Lincolnshire . The club are currently members of the and play at Carters Park . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "FC_Bayern_Munich", "Franz_John", "Ludwig_Hofmeister", "FC_Rastatt_04", "Michael_Doeberl" ]

[ "Fußball-Club Bayern München e.V. , commonly known as FC Bayern München -LRB- -LSB- ʔɛf tseː ˈbaɪɐn ˈmʏnçn̩ -RSB- -RRB- , FCB , Bayern Munich , or FC Bayern , is a German sports club based in Munich , Bavaria -LRB- Bayern -RRB- , Germany . It is best known for its professional football team , which plays in the Bundesliga , the top tier of the German football league system , and is the most successful club in German football history , having won a record 27 national titles and 18 national cups . FC Bayern was founded in 1900 by 11 football players , led by Franz John . Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932 , the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963 . The club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when , under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer , it won the European Cup three times in a row -LRB- 1974 -- 1976 -RRB- . Overall , Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals , most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble . Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup , one European Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups , making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally . Since the formation of the Bundesliga , Bayern has been the dominant club in German football with 27 titles and has won 9 of the last 13 titles . They have traditional local rivalries with 1860 Munich and 1 . FC Nürnberg , as well as with Borussia Dortmund since the mid-1990s . Since the beginning of the 2005 -- 06 season , Bayern has played its home games at the Allianz Arena . Previously the team had played at Munich 's Olympiastadion for 33 years . The team colours are red and white , and the team crest shows the white and blue flag of Bavaria . In terms of revenue , Bayern Munich is the biggest sports club in Germany and the third biggest football club in the world , generating $ 488 million for the 2013 -- 14 season . As of November 2016 , Bayern has over 284,000 members . There are more than 4,000 officially-registered fan clubs with over 314,000 members . The club has other departments for chess , handball , basketball , gymnastics , bowling , table tennis and senior football with more than 1,100 active members . FC Bayern is ranked second in the current UEFA club coefficient rankings . ", "Franz Adolf Louis John -LRB- born 28 September 1872 in Pritzwalk , died 17 November 1952 in Berlin -RRB- was a German photographer . He was one of the initiators of the founding of FC Bayern Munich and its first president from 1900 to 1903 . He was born on 28 September 1872 in Pritzwalk -LRB- Brandenburg -RRB- , the son of Friedrich Wilhelm and Ida John . After moving with his parents to Pankow at the fringe of Berlin , he later joined the football club VfB Pankow . There he met Gustav Manning , who afterwards became secretary of the German Football Association . Manning later helped John to integrate the Munich football clubs into the DFB . After his apprenticeship as a photographer in Jena John moved to Munich where he became a member of MTV 1879 Munich . When on 27 February 1900 the steering committee of MTV prohibited the football division of its club to join the association of southgerman football clubs -LRB- SFV -RRB- , eleven football players left the club under the lead of Franz John . In the restaurant Gisela they founded the Munich Football Club Bayern and elected Franz John for president . John also founded the council of Bavarian referees . Under his lead the club joined the SFV still in its first year and quickly became a force in the Munich football scene . In 1903 John left FC Bayern and was succeeded as president by the Dutch Willem Hesselink . John also left Munich in 1904 , moving back to Pankow , where he opened a photo laboratory and later became president of his home club VfB Pankow . Despite having few contacts to Munich John was in the 1920s elected as honorary president of the FC Bayern Munich and in 1936 he received the needle of honour in gold from the club . Grown lonely he died on 17 November 1952 in Pankow ; he had no descendants . Journalist Joachim Rechenberg later traced his lost grave to Fürstenwalde . When in 2000 the FC Bayern celebrated its 100th anniversary , the club recreated the grave and donated a new tombstone to commemorate the merits of Franz John . ", "Ludwig Hofmeister -LRB- December 5 , 1887 -- October 3 , 1959 -RRB- was a German footballer . Category :1887 births Category :1959 deaths Category : German footballers Category : Germany international footballers Category : FC Bayern Munich footballers Category : Stuttgarter Kickers players Category : Association football goalkeepers ", "FC Rastatt 04 is a German association football club from the city of Rastatt , Baden-Württemberg . It was established as Fußball-Klub Rastatt on 9 October 1904 at the Gasthaus zur Linde . A 1919 union with Fußball-Club Phoenix created Rastatt Fußballverein 04 , which merged with Frankonia 1912 Rastatt on 23 August 1939 to form FC Rastatt 04 . The club enjoyed its greatest success in the 1930s , 1940s , and early 1950s when it took part in top-flight regional competition in southwestern Germany . __ TOC __ ", "Michael Doeberl -LRB- 15 January 1861 , Waldsassen -- 24 March 1928 , Partenkirchen -RRB- was a German historian who specialized in Bavarian history . He studied philology and history at the University of Munich , obtaining his doctorate from the University of Erlangen in 1887 . In 1894 he received his habilitation and in 1905 became an honorary professor . From 1917 to 1928 he held the chair of Bavarian history at the University of Munich . He was the founding chairman of the Gründungsvorsitzenden der Kommission für bayerische Landesgeschichte -LRB- Commission for Bavarian Regional History -RRB- . The Michael Doeberl Preis is an annual award issued by the Institut für Bayerische Geschichte . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "FC_Bayern_Munich", "Franz_John", "Ludwig_Hofmeister", "FC_Rastatt_04", "Michael_Doeberl" ]

[ "Fußball-Club Bayern München e.V. , commonly known as FC Bayern München -LRB- -LSB- ʔɛf tseː ˈbaɪɐn ˈmʏnçn̩ -RSB- -RRB- , FCB , Bayern Munich , or FC Bayern , is a German sports club based in Munich , Bavaria -LRB- Bayern -RRB- , Germany . It is best known for its professional football team , which plays in the Bundesliga , the top tier of the German football league system , and is the most successful club in German football history , having won a record 27 national titles and 18 national cups . FC Bayern was founded in 1900 by 11 football players , led by Franz John . Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932 , the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963 . The club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when , under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer , it won the European Cup three times in a row -LRB- 1974 -- 1976 -RRB- . Overall , Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals , most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble . Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup , one European Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups , making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally . Since the formation of the Bundesliga , Bayern has been the dominant club in German football with 27 titles and has won 9 of the last 13 titles . They have traditional local rivalries with 1860 Munich and 1 . FC Nürnberg , as well as with Borussia Dortmund since the mid-1990s . Since the beginning of the 2005 -- 06 season , Bayern has played its home games at the Allianz Arena . Previously the team had played at Munich 's Olympiastadion for 33 years . The team colours are red and white , and the team crest shows the white and blue flag of Bavaria . In terms of revenue , Bayern Munich is the biggest sports club in Germany and the third biggest football club in the world , generating $ 488 million for the 2013 -- 14 season . As of November 2016 , Bayern has over 284,000 members . There are more than 4,000 officially-registered fan clubs with over 314,000 members . The club has other departments for chess , handball , basketball , gymnastics , bowling , table tennis and senior football with more than 1,100 active members . FC Bayern is ranked second in the current UEFA club coefficient rankings . ", "Franz Adolf Louis John -LRB- born 28 September 1872 in Pritzwalk , died 17 November 1952 in Berlin -RRB- was a German photographer . He was one of the initiators of the founding of FC Bayern Munich and its first president from 1900 to 1903 . He was born on 28 September 1872 in Pritzwalk -LRB- Brandenburg -RRB- , the son of Friedrich Wilhelm and Ida John . After moving with his parents to Pankow at the fringe of Berlin , he later joined the football club VfB Pankow . There he met Gustav Manning , who afterwards became secretary of the German Football Association . Manning later helped John to integrate the Munich football clubs into the DFB . After his apprenticeship as a photographer in Jena John moved to Munich where he became a member of MTV 1879 Munich . When on 27 February 1900 the steering committee of MTV prohibited the football division of its club to join the association of southgerman football clubs -LRB- SFV -RRB- , eleven football players left the club under the lead of Franz John . In the restaurant Gisela they founded the Munich Football Club Bayern and elected Franz John for president . John also founded the council of Bavarian referees . Under his lead the club joined the SFV still in its first year and quickly became a force in the Munich football scene . In 1903 John left FC Bayern and was succeeded as president by the Dutch Willem Hesselink . John also left Munich in 1904 , moving back to Pankow , where he opened a photo laboratory and later became president of his home club VfB Pankow . Despite having few contacts to Munich John was in the 1920s elected as honorary president of the FC Bayern Munich and in 1936 he received the needle of honour in gold from the club . Grown lonely he died on 17 November 1952 in Pankow ; he had no descendants . Journalist Joachim Rechenberg later traced his lost grave to Fürstenwalde . When in 2000 the FC Bayern celebrated its 100th anniversary , the club recreated the grave and donated a new tombstone to commemorate the merits of Franz John . ", "Ludwig Hofmeister -LRB- December 5 , 1887 -- October 3 , 1959 -RRB- was a German footballer . Category :1887 births Category :1959 deaths Category : German footballers Category : Germany international footballers Category : FC Bayern Munich footballers Category : Stuttgarter Kickers players Category : Association football goalkeepers ", "FC Rastatt 04 is a German association football club from the city of Rastatt , Baden-Württemberg . It was established as Fußball-Klub Rastatt on 9 October 1904 at the Gasthaus zur Linde . A 1919 union with Fußball-Club Phoenix created Rastatt Fußballverein 04 , which merged with Frankonia 1912 Rastatt on 23 August 1939 to form FC Rastatt 04 . The club enjoyed its greatest success in the 1930s , 1940s , and early 1950s when it took part in top-flight regional competition in southwestern Germany . __ TOC __ ", "Michael Doeberl -LRB- 15 January 1861 , Waldsassen -- 24 March 1928 , Partenkirchen -RRB- was a German historian who specialized in Bavarian history . He studied philology and history at the University of Munich , obtaining his doctorate from the University of Erlangen in 1887 . In 1894 he received his habilitation and in 1905 became an honorary professor . From 1917 to 1928 he held the chair of Bavarian history at the University of Munich . He was the founding chairman of the Gründungsvorsitzenden der Kommission für bayerische Landesgeschichte -LRB- Commission for Bavarian Regional History -RRB- . The Michael Doeberl Preis is an annual award issued by the Institut für Bayerische Geschichte . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Winds_of_Winter", "Giants_of_the_Frost", "Boy,_Snow,_Bird", "Dhalgren", "The_Winter's_Tale_-LRB-opera-RRB-" ]

[ "The Winds of Winter is the forthcoming sixth novel in the epic fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin . The previous installment , A Dance with Dragons , covered less story than Martin intended , excluding at least one planned large battle sequence and leaving several character threads ending in cliffhangers . Martin intends to resolve these storylines `` very early '' in The Winds of Winter , saying `` I 'm going to open with the two big battles that I was building up to , the battle in the ice and the battle at Meereen -- the battle of Slaver 's Bay . And then take it from there . '' A Victarion Greyjoy chapter will begin five minutes after the end of A Dance with Dragons , taking place on the eve of the Iron Islanders ' arrival in Slaver 's Bay . Arianne Martell sample chapters that Martin released on his website showed her heading for Griffin 's Roost to see the young man who is calling himself Aegon . Martin said in March 2012 that the final two novels will take readers farther north than any of the previous books , and that the Others will appear in the book . ", "Giants of the Frost is a 2004 horror/fantasy novel by Kim Wilkins . It follows the story of Victoria Scott who after accepting a job on an isolated island is visited by a hag in her nightmares and a sense of familiarity in the haunted forest . In the world of Asgard , Vidar has exiled himself in order to await the reincarnation of the woman he loved . ", "Boy , Snow , Bird is a 2014 novel by British author Helen Oyeyemi . The novel , Oyeyemi 's fifth , was a loose retelling of the fairytale Snow White . Oyeyemi also cited the novel Passing as an inspiration . ", "Dhalgren is a science fiction novel by Samuel R. Delany . The story begins with a cryptic passage : to wound the autumnal city . So howled out for the world to give him a name . The in-dark answered with wind . What follows is an extended trip to and through Bellona , a fictional city in the American Midwest cut off from the rest of the world by some unknown catastrophe . William Gibson has referred to Dhalgren as `` A riddle that was never meant to be solved . '' ", "The Winter 's Tale is an opera in three acts by Ryan Wigglesworth . The libretto is by the composer , based on the play of the same name by William Shakespeare . The opera , in a production directed by Rory Kinnear , and conducted by the composer , was premiered at the English National Opera on 27 February 2017 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Woodrow_Wilson", "Preparedness_Movement", "List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States", "United_States_presidential_election,_1916", "Jackson_Stitt_Wilson" ]

[ "Thomas Woodrow Wilson -LRB- December 28 , 1856 -- February 3 , 1924 -RRB- was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921 . A member of the Democratic Party , Wilson served as the President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910 and as Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913 . Wilson 's victory in the 1912 presidential election made him the first Southerner elected to the presidency since Zachary Taylor in 1848 , and Wilson became a leading force in the Progressive Movement . He also led the United States during World War I , establishing an activist foreign policy known as `` Wilsonianism . '' He was a major leader at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 , where he championed the proposed League of Nations . However , he was unable to obtain Senate approval for U.S. membership . He suffered debilitating strokes in September 1919 ; after that his wife and staff handled most of his presidential duties . Born in Staunton , Virginia , he spent his early years in Augusta , Georgia and Columbia , South Carolina . His father was a leading Presbyterian in the Confederacy during the Civil War , and Wilson was always a devout Presbyterian and a proud Southerner . He took a law degree and then one of the first PhDs in political science awarded by Johns Hopkins University . He served as a professor and scholar at various institutions before being selected as President of Princeton University , a position he held from 1902 to 1910 . Wilson became a notable academic , arguing for the superiority of the parliamentary system . He was associated with Grover Cleveland and the conservative Bourbon Democrats until 1910 , when he moved left . With the help of state Democratic bosses , Wilson won the 1910 Democratic nomination for governor of New Jersey , and was elected as a fresh reformer , holding office from 1911 to 1913 . He overthrew the same bosses and gained a national reputation . He won the 1912 Democratic presidential nomination after forty-six rounds of balloting , with support from William Jennings Bryan . Former President Theodore Roosevelt 's third party candidacy split the Republican Party , which re-nominated incumbent President William Howard Taft . Wilson won the 1912 election with a plurality of the popular vote and a large majority in the electoral college . Leading the Congress that was now in Democratic hands , he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933 . The Federal Reserve Act , Federal Trade Commission Act , the Clayton Antitrust Act , and the Federal Farm Loan Act were some of these new policies . Having taken office one month after ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment , Wilson called a special session of Congress , whose work culminated in the Revenue Act of 1913 , introducing an income tax and lowering tariffs . Through passage of the Adamson Act that imposed an 8-hour workday for railroads , he averted a railroad strike and an ensuing economic crisis . Upon the outbreak of World War I in 1914 , Wilson maintained a policy of neutrality , while pursuing a more aggressive policy in dealing with Mexico 's civil war . Wilson staffed his government with Southern Democrats who implemented racial segregation at the Treasury , Navy and other Federal offices . In the presidential election of 1916 , Wilson faced former New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes . By a narrow margin , he became the first Democrat since Andrew Jackson elected to two consecutive terms . In April 1917 , when Germany had resumed unrestricted submarine warfare and sent the Zimmermann Telegram , Wilson asked Congress to declare war in order to make `` the world safe for democracy . '' The United States conducted military operations alongside the Allies , although without a formal alliance . During the war , Wilson focused on diplomacy and financial considerations , leaving military strategy to the generals , especially General John J. Pershing . Through the Selective Service Act , conscription sent 10,000 freshly trained soldiers to France per day by the summer of 1918 . On the home front , he raised income taxes , borrowing billions of dollars through the public 's purchase of Liberty Bonds . He set up the War Industries Board , promoted labor union cooperation , regulated agriculture and food production through the Lever Act , and took direct control of the nation 's railroad system . Wilson asked Congress for what became the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918 , suppressing anti-draft activists . The crackdown was intensified by his Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer to include expulsion of non-citizen radicals during the First Red Scare of 1919 -- 1920 . Early in 1918 , Wilson issued his principles for an end to the war , the Fourteen Points , and in 1919 , following an armistice , he traveled to Paris , promoting the formation of a League of Nations and concluding the Treaty of Versailles . Following his return from Europe , Wilson embarked on a nationwide tour in 1919 to campaign for the treaty , but suffered a severe stroke . The treaty was met with serious concern by Senate Republicans , and the Senate ultimately rejected the treaty . Due to his stroke , Wilson secluded himself in the White House , disability having diminished his power and influence , and he failed in his bid to win re-nomination at the 1920 Democratic National Convention . Wilson retired at the end of his presidency , and he died in 1924 . ", "The Preparedness Movement , also referred to as the Preparedness Controversy , was a campaign led by Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt to strengthen the military of the United States after the outbreak of World War I.Roosevelt wrote two books , America and the World War , and Fear God and Take Your Own Part to popularize the movement . Wood advocated a summer training school for reserve officers to be held in Plattsburg , New York . The movement was originally opposed by President Woodrow Wilson , who believed the United States should be in a position of neutrality in order to broker a compromise peace in Europe . Several organizations were formed around the Preparedness Movement and held parades and organized opposition to Wilson 's policies . After the Lusitania was sunk by German U-boats on May 7 , 1915 and Pancho Villa launched his raid against Columbus , New Mexico , Wilson 's attitude changed . Congress passed the National Defense Act of 1916 in June 1916 to authorize an increase in the size of the army from 100,000 men in 1916 to 200,000 on active duty and 400,000 in the National Guard , by 1921 . It also padded a large long-term increase in the navy . ", "International trips made by the President of the United States have become a valuable part of U.S. diplomacy and international relations since such trips were first made in the early 20th century . They are complicated undertakings that require months of planning along with a great deal of coordination and communication . They also involve much ceremony and fuss . Among the 19th century American social conventions governing political travel was a taboo against international travel . Domestic travel was regarded as a welcome opportunity for presidents to talk with the people who had elected them , but foreign travel was seen in an altogether different light . The general public did not want their president mingling with royalty , visiting grand palaces , or exchanging bows with kings and queens . This taboo began to erode and break down in the early 20th century , as policy makers at the federal level began to reevaluate the nation 's role in international affairs . The first international presidential trip , Theodore Roosevelt 's 1906 visit to Panama , signaled a new era in how presidents conducted diplomatic relations with other countries . Woodrow Wilson 's trips to Europe in the Aftermath of World War I and his promotion of his own principles for world peace sealed the old taboo 's fate . Changing transportation technologies also played a role in the changing patterns of presidential travel as well . When Wilson traveled to Europe in 1919 aboard the George Washington , the voyage took nine days . Forty years later , Dwight Eisenhower made the same trip by jet in nine hours . Jet aircraft enabled American presidents to travel the globe in ways that would have been impractical if not inconceivable before . While Eisenhower was the first president to travel by jet -LRB- and the first to travel via helicopter as well -RRB- , the first airplane trips by a sitting president were those of Franklin D. Roosevelt . He made multiple long distance trips abroad by plane , each one an offshoot of Allied diplomatic interactions during World War II . President John F. Kennedy had one of the most memorable trips to Europe during the summer of 1963 , only a few months before he was assassinated . His successor , Lyndon B. Johnson preferred travel to Asia . Richard Nixon set a number of firsts , in particular China . Jimmy Carter spent a great deal of time in the Middle East and went on the first state visit to Africa . Ronald Reagan had a number of noteworthy state visits , particularly his summit meetings with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev . The frequency and travel distance of presidential international travel has increased dramatically since George H. W. Bush became president in 1989 . In 1990 the military version of the Boeing 747 , the VC-25 , was introduced for the use of the president . The planes have over 4000 sqft of floor space , a bedroom and a shower , and enough secure communications to allow the plane to be a reasonable place to run the country . The plane is accompanied by a heavy lift aircraft that carries the helicopters and the limousines . Presidents Bill Clinton -LRB- 1993 -- 2001 -RRB- and George W. Bush -LRB- 2001 -- 2009 -RRB- each visited 74 different countries during their respective terms of office . All totaled , they went to 94 different countries with a combined population of 85 % of the world total . President Barack Obama -LRB- 2009 -- 2017 -RRB- visited 58 different countries . Presidential visits of over 10000 mi are common . Round the world trips were first done by Johnson and Nixon and have been done by presidents Bush and Clinton . Trips to Europe and Asia are becoming almost routine in the 21st century . ", "The United States presidential election of 1916 was the 33rd quadrennial presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 7 , 1916 . Incumbent President Woodrow Wilson , the Democratic candidate , was pitted against Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes , the Republican candidate . After a hard-fought contest , Wilson defeated Hughes by nearly 600,000 votes in the popular vote and secured a narrow majority in the Electoral College by winning several swing states with razor-thin margins . Wilson 's re-election marked the first time that a Democratic Party candidate had won two consecutive Presidential elections since Andrew Jackson won re-election in the 1832 election . This was the last election before the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which granted women the right to vote . The election took place during the time of the Mexican Revolution and Europe 's involvement in World War I. Although officially neutral in the European conflict , public opinion in the United States leaned towards the Allied forces headed by Great Britain and France against the German Empire and Austria-Hungary , due in large measure to the harsh treatment of civilians by the German Army in Belgium and northern France and the militaristic character of the German and Austrian monarchies . But in spite of their sympathy with the Allied forces , most American voters wanted to avoid involvement in the war and preferred to continue a policy of neutrality . Wilson 's campaign used the popular slogans `` He kept us out of war '' and `` America First '' to appeal to those voters who wanted to avoid a war in Europe or with Mexico . The progressive Hughes criticized Wilson for not taking the `` necessary preparations '' to face a conflict , which only served to strengthen Wilson 's image as an anti-war candidate . America entered the war in April 1917 , one month after Wilson 's inauguration as president . Despite the narrow margin of his win , the 1916 election saw an increase in Wilson 's popular vote from his election in 1912 , when he won a landslide in the Electoral College . Wilson accomplished this as a result of a split in the Republican vote in 1912 between the incumbent President William Howard Taft , a conservative , and former President Theodore Roosevelt , who ran as a Progressive . In 1916 , conservative and progressive Republicans were largely united under the moderate Hughes in their bid to oust Wilson . Nonetheless , Wilson attracted many voters who had earlier supported Roosevelt . The election of 1916 is one of only three elections in which a candidate was elected president without the support of his state of residence -LRB- in this case , New Jersey -RRB- . The other two were the election of 1844 , in which James K. Polk failed to carry Tennessee and the election of 2016 , in which Donald Trump failed to carry New York . Wilson , however , did win his state of birth -LRB- Virginia -RRB- . ", "Jackson Stitt Wilson -LRB- March 19 , 1868 -- August 28 , 1942 -RRB- , commonly known as J. Stitt Wilson , was an American politician . He was a Christian Socialist and Suffragist , and held Georgist economic views . A member of the Socialist Party of America , Wilson became the Mayor of Berkeley , California from 1911 to 1913 . He ran for Congress on a socialist platform , receiving 40 % of the votes cast , but was defeated by the incumbent Republican Congressman . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Practical_Magic", "Alice_Hoffman", "A_Fine_Magic", "The_Magic_Numbers_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Magic_Touch_-LRB-Mike_Oldfield_song-RRB-" ]

[ "Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman . The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock , Nicole Kidman , Stockard Channing , Dianne Wiest , Aidan Quinn , and Goran Visnjic . The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri . Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens , who have always known they were different from each other . Raised by their aunts after their parents ' death , the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical -- their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic . But the invocation of the Owens ' sorcery also carries a price -- some call it a curse : the men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death . Now adult women with very different personalities , the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owens ' lives . ", "Alice Hoffman -LRB- born March 16 , 1952 -RRB- is an American novelist and young-adult and children 's writer , best known for her 1995 novel Practical Magic , which was adapted for a 1998 film of the same name . Many of her works fall into the genre of magic realism and contain elements of magic , irony , and non-standard romances and relationships . ", "`` A Fine Magic '' is a 2006 fantasy short story by Margo Lanagan . ", "The Magic Numbers is the self-titled debut album from The Magic Numbers . It was nominated for a Mercury Music Prize in 2005 . Songwriting duties were taken by Romeo Stodart as was much of the musical composition and arrangement . It incorporated the earlier single release of `` Hymn for Her '' as a hidden track . The album incorporates many folk elements within the main indie sound which resounds throughout . The album also reflects many elements of the writers early childhood dreams , tales of their love life and desperation of youth . For example , `` Love Me Like You '' , the best known single of the album , illustrates the difference of feeling in their love for each other . ", "`` Magic Touch '' is a single by musician Mike Oldfield , released in 1988 -LRB- see 1988 in music -RRB- . It is from the album Islands . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Durban_Declaration", "Joseph_Kony", "7.1_People_Pile", "1990s_in_Zimbabwe", "Joyce_Laboso" ]

[ "The Durban Declaration is a statement signed by over 5,000 physicians and scientists in the year 2000 , affirming that HIV is the cause of AIDS . The declaration was drafted in response to HIV/AIDS denialism , and particularly to address South African president Thabo Mbeki 's support for AIDS denialists . It was written several weeks prior to the 2000 International AIDS Conference , held in Durban , South Africa from July 9 -- 14 , 2000 , and was published in the medical journal Nature to coincide with the Durban conference . The declaration called the evidence that HIV causes AIDS `` clear-cut , exhaustive and unambiguous '' . Each person who signed the document was required to have a Ph.D. or M.D.-equivalent degree . To avoid the appearance of conflict of interest , scientists `` working for commercial companies were asked not to sign . '' The signatories included eleven Nobel prize winners . ", "Joseph R. Kony -LRB- -LSB- koɲ -RSB- ; born August 1961 -RRB- is the leader of the Lord 's Resistance Army -LRB- LRA -RRB- , a guerrilla group that formerly operated in Uganda . While initially purporting to fight against government suppression , the LRA allegedly turned against Kony 's own supporters , supposedly to `` purify '' the Acholi people and turn Uganda into a theocracy . Kony proclaims himself the spokesperson of God and a spirit medium and claims he is visited by a multinational host of 13 spirits , including a Chinese phantom . Ideologically , the group is a syncretic mix of mysticism , Acholi nationalism , and Christian fundamentalism , and claims to be establishing a theocratic state based on the Ten Commandments and local Acholi tradition . Kony has been accused by government entities of ordering the abduction of children to become child soldiers and sex slaves . 66,000 children became soldiers , and 2 million people were displaced internally from 1986 to 2009 . Kony was indicted in 2005 for war crimes and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court -LRB- ICC -RRB- in The Hague , Netherlands , but he has evaded capture . Kony has been subject to an Interpol Red Notice at the request of the ICC since 2006 . Since the Juba peace talks in 2006 , the LRA no longer operate in Uganda . Sources claim that they are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo -LRB- DRC -RRB- , the Central African Republic -LRB- CAR -RRB- , or South Sudan . In 2013 , Kony was reported to be in poor health , and Michel Djotodia , president of the CAR , claimed he was negotiating with Kony to surrender . By April 2017 , Kony was still at large , but his force was reported to have shrunk to around 100 soldiers , down from a maximum of 3000 in earlier years . Both the United States and Uganda ended the hunt for Kony and the LRA , believing that the LRA no longer posed a significant security risk to Uganda . ", "7.1 People Pile was a loose pro-democracy political group in Hong Kong named after the mass protest on 1 July 2003 . It was established on 10 August 2003 . The group is formed by a group of young people mainly under their 30s . Its aim is to push ahead for democracy in Hong Kong by continuing the spirit of `` people 's power '' in the July 1 protests . The platform of the group includes calling for universal suffrage of the Chief Executive in 2007 and Legislative Council in 2008 , opposing the legislation to implement Article 23 of the Basic Law , Hong Kong 's mini-constitution , and demanding the Chief Executive , Tung Chee-hwa , to step down . The platform of the group included the fight for full-fledged democracy , minority rights such as LGBT rights , gender equality and the development of civil society . The group filed three candidates in the 2003 District Council elections . All of them were defeated . ", "General elections were held in March 1990 . In July the government lifted the 25-year-old state of emergency . Zimbabwe became a republic on 17 April 1991 . In November 1992 the first cases of a cholera epidemic were reported from within the Tongogara Refugee Camp in Manicaland . In June 1993 the government announced plans to downsize the 50,000-strong Zimbabwe National Army by 10,000 men over the next five years . The combined Zimbabwe Defense Forces Headquarters was formed in July 1994 . In April 1995 parliamentary elections were held . The Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front -LRB- ZANU-PF -RRB- ran unopposed in 54 of the 120 electoral districts and a further 20 parliamentary seats were reserved . Zimbabwe sent delegates to Ottawa , Canada to discuss land mines and launch the Ottawa Treaty in October 1996 . The government unilaterally banned anti-personnel mines on 15 May 1997 , signing Mine Ban Treaty on 3 December . The government ratified the treaty on 18 June 1998 . A court sentenced Canaan Banana , Methodist minister , theologian , and the former President of Zimbabwe to ten years imprisonment , nine years suspended for sodomy , on 18 January 1999 . Major mine clearance operations started in three of Zimbabwe 's seven , identified , contaminated areas in March . The Movement for Democratic Change was formed in September . ", "Dr. Joyce Cherono Laboso is the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya . She was elected to the Parliament of Kenya to represent the Sotik Constituency in a by-election held on September 25 , 2008 . She succeeded her sister , Lorna Laboso , who died in a plane crash . A nominee of the Orange Democratic Movement , she beat 11 other contestants after she garnered 23,880 with a vote margin of 10,000 over her closest challenger , retired Brigadier Alexander Sitienei -LRB- a former aide to Daniel arap Moi -RRB- who received 13,843 votes . She is the ACP Co-president of the ACP -- EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly . She worked as a Lecturer in the Department of Language and Linguistics at Egerton University and served as a Commissioner of the National Commission on Gender and Development . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Dulquer_Salmaan", "Second_Show", "Ustad_Hotel", "Bangalore_Days", "Duvar" ]

[ "Dulquer Salmaan -LRB- born 28 July 1986 -RRB- , referred popularly as DQ , is an Indian film actor who appears predominantly in Malayalam films . The son of film actor Mammootty , Salmaan graduated with a bachelor 's degree in Business Management from Purdue University , and worked as a business manager before pursuing a career in acting . Salmaan made his acting debut in the 2012 action drama Second Show , for which he received the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut . He received his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance in Ustad Hotel -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . After the commercial success of the comedy ABCD : American-Born Confused Desi -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and the romantic drama Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , Salmaan appeared in the Tamil romantic comedy Vaayai Moodi Pesavum -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . He followed it by starring in the ensemble romantic drama Bangalore Days -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , which rank among the highest-grossing Malayalam films . He achieved further success in Tamil cinema with Mani Ratnam 's a critically and commercially successful romance O Kadhal Kanmani -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Subsequently , Salmaan garnered acclaim for portraying the title role in the 2015 romantic drama Charlie , winning him the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor . Salmaan married architect Amal Sufiya in 2011 with whom he has one daughter . Cited in the media as one of the most attractive Indian celebrities , Salmaan has also been recognised for his fashion style . He owns several entrepreneurship ventures and promotes various social causes . ", "Second Show is a 2012 Malayalam action crime film directed by Srinath Rajendran and written by Vini Vishwa Lal . The film , set in the backdrop of criminal gangs of varied varieties in Kerala , tells the story of young Hari who rises from an illicit sand miner to a smuggling baron in a short time . It stars Dulquer Salmaan , Gauthami Nair , Sunny Wayne , Baburaj , and Sudesh Berry . ", "Ustad Hotel is a 2012 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Anwar Rasheed , written by Anjali Menon and produced by Listin Stephen under the banner of Magic Frames . The film 's distribution was handled by Central Pictures . The film stars Dulquer Salmaan and Nithya Menen in lead roles , with a stellar side cast including veterans Thilakan , Siddique , Mamukkoya , and Lena Abhilash , along with Asif Ali and Jishnu in cameo roles . The film is about a young man named Faizal , known as Faizi -LRB- played by Dulquer -RRB- , who studies in Switzerland as a chef against his father 's -LRB- played by Siddique -RRB- wishes . When this matter comes to light , the father snatches away his passport to prevent him from taking up his new job in UK . As the relation between father and son deteriorates , Faizi is forced to work as a cook in a restaurant at Kozhikode -LRB- Calicut -RRB- run by his grandfather Karim -LRB- played by Thilakan -RRB- till he can plan something alternate . A strong bond develops between Karim , an elderly Sufi Muslim , and his educated grandson who over the course of the story , learns about servitude and the purpose of his profession . He eventually decides to work permanently in the restaurant . The film goes beyond its fun-filled moments to discuss issues of poverty , under-privilege and tensions between rich and poor in India . Food and its role in basic sustenance and bonding between people , becomes a central character in the film . Ustad Hotel was released on 13 July 2012 . It was a commercial success . The film won three National Film Awards , for Best Popular Film , Anjali Menon won the award for Best Dialogues and Thilakan got a Special Mention . ", "Box office = 45 crore rs Bangalore Days is a 2014 Indian Malayalam-language romantic-comedy drama film written and directed by Anjali Menon , and co-produced by Anwar Rasheed and Sophia Paul under the banner Anwar Rasheed Entertainments and Weekend Blockbusters . The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Dulquer Salmaan , Nazriya Nazim , Nivin Pauly , Fahadh Faasil , Isha Talwar , Parvathy and Nithya Menon in pivotal roles . The plot revolves around three cousins from Kerala who move to Bangalore , continuing Menon 's trend of films about family relationships . The film received positive reviews from critics and collected in its first week . Its final gross collection was about , making it one of the highest-grossing films in Malayalam . The remake rights of the film , for Tamil , Telugu and Hindi languages , was jointly acquired by Dil Raju and PVP Cinemas . The film received three Kerala State Film Awards including Best Actor and Best Actress awards for Nivin Pauly and Nazriya Nazim respectively , and Best Screenplay for Anjali Menon . The film was later remade in Tamil as Bangalore Naatkal -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , directed by Bommarillu Bhaskar . ", "Duvar is a 1983 Turkish drama film directed by Yılmaz Güney . It was entered into the 1983 Cannes Film Festival . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Dulquer_Salmaan", "Second_Show", "Ustad_Hotel", "Bangalore_Days", "Duvar" ]

[ "Dulquer Salmaan -LRB- born 28 July 1986 -RRB- , referred popularly as DQ , is an Indian film actor who appears predominantly in Malayalam films . The son of film actor Mammootty , Salmaan graduated with a bachelor 's degree in Business Management from Purdue University , and worked as a business manager before pursuing a career in acting . Salmaan made his acting debut in the 2012 action drama Second Show , for which he received the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut . He received his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance in Ustad Hotel -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . After the commercial success of the comedy ABCD : American-Born Confused Desi -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and the romantic drama Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , Salmaan appeared in the Tamil romantic comedy Vaayai Moodi Pesavum -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . He followed it by starring in the ensemble romantic drama Bangalore Days -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , which rank among the highest-grossing Malayalam films . He achieved further success in Tamil cinema with Mani Ratnam 's a critically and commercially successful romance O Kadhal Kanmani -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Subsequently , Salmaan garnered acclaim for portraying the title role in the 2015 romantic drama Charlie , winning him the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor . Salmaan married architect Amal Sufiya in 2011 with whom he has one daughter . Cited in the media as one of the most attractive Indian celebrities , Salmaan has also been recognised for his fashion style . He owns several entrepreneurship ventures and promotes various social causes . ", "Second Show is a 2012 Malayalam action crime film directed by Srinath Rajendran and written by Vini Vishwa Lal . The film , set in the backdrop of criminal gangs of varied varieties in Kerala , tells the story of young Hari who rises from an illicit sand miner to a smuggling baron in a short time . It stars Dulquer Salmaan , Gauthami Nair , Sunny Wayne , Baburaj , and Sudesh Berry . ", "Ustad Hotel is a 2012 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Anwar Rasheed , written by Anjali Menon and produced by Listin Stephen under the banner of Magic Frames . The film 's distribution was handled by Central Pictures . The film stars Dulquer Salmaan and Nithya Menen in lead roles , with a stellar side cast including veterans Thilakan , Siddique , Mamukkoya , and Lena Abhilash , along with Asif Ali and Jishnu in cameo roles . The film is about a young man named Faizal , known as Faizi -LRB- played by Dulquer -RRB- , who studies in Switzerland as a chef against his father 's -LRB- played by Siddique -RRB- wishes . When this matter comes to light , the father snatches away his passport to prevent him from taking up his new job in UK . As the relation between father and son deteriorates , Faizi is forced to work as a cook in a restaurant at Kozhikode -LRB- Calicut -RRB- run by his grandfather Karim -LRB- played by Thilakan -RRB- till he can plan something alternate . A strong bond develops between Karim , an elderly Sufi Muslim , and his educated grandson who over the course of the story , learns about servitude and the purpose of his profession . He eventually decides to work permanently in the restaurant . The film goes beyond its fun-filled moments to discuss issues of poverty , under-privilege and tensions between rich and poor in India . Food and its role in basic sustenance and bonding between people , becomes a central character in the film . Ustad Hotel was released on 13 July 2012 . It was a commercial success . The film won three National Film Awards , for Best Popular Film , Anjali Menon won the award for Best Dialogues and Thilakan got a Special Mention . ", "Box office = 45 crore rs Bangalore Days is a 2014 Indian Malayalam-language romantic-comedy drama film written and directed by Anjali Menon , and co-produced by Anwar Rasheed and Sophia Paul under the banner Anwar Rasheed Entertainments and Weekend Blockbusters . The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Dulquer Salmaan , Nazriya Nazim , Nivin Pauly , Fahadh Faasil , Isha Talwar , Parvathy and Nithya Menon in pivotal roles . The plot revolves around three cousins from Kerala who move to Bangalore , continuing Menon 's trend of films about family relationships . The film received positive reviews from critics and collected in its first week . Its final gross collection was about , making it one of the highest-grossing films in Malayalam . The remake rights of the film , for Tamil , Telugu and Hindi languages , was jointly acquired by Dil Raju and PVP Cinemas . The film received three Kerala State Film Awards including Best Actor and Best Actress awards for Nivin Pauly and Nazriya Nazim respectively , and Best Screenplay for Anjali Menon . The film was later remade in Tamil as Bangalore Naatkal -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , directed by Bommarillu Bhaskar . ", "Duvar is a 1983 Turkish drama film directed by Yılmaz Güney . It was entered into the 1983 Cannes Film Festival . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "B._R._Ambedkar", "Mahdi_Hasan", "K._Srinivasan", "Amrik_Singh", "Nathu_Ram_Ahirwar" ]

[ "Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar -LRB- 14 April 1891 -- 6 December 1956 -RRB- , popularly known as Baba Saheb , was an Indian jurist , economist , politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist Movement and campaigned against social discrimination against Untouchables -LRB- Dalits -RRB- , while also supporting the rights of women and labour . He was Independent India 's first law minister and the principal architect of the Constitution of India . Ambedkar was a prolific student , earning doctorates in economics from both Columbia University and the London School of Economics , and gained a reputation as a scholar for his research in law , economics and political science . In his early career he was an economist , professor , and lawyer . His later life was marked by his political activities ; he became involved in campaigning and negotiations for India 's independence , publishing journals , advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits , and contributing significantly to the establishment of the state of India . In 1956 he converted to Buddhism , initiating mass conversions of Dalits . In 1990 , the Bharat Ratna , India 's highest civilian award , was posthumously conferred upon Ambedkar . Ambedkar 's legacy includes numerous memorials and depictions in popular culture . ", "Mahdi Hasan -LRB- born 21 March 1936 , Akbarpur , Ambedkar Nagar , Uttar Pradesh ; died 12 January 2013 , Lucknow -RRB- was a prominent Indian anatomist . ", "Kasturi Srinivasan -LRB- August 7 , 1887 -- June 21 , 1959 -RRB- was an Indian journalist and businessman . He was the eldest son of S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar . ", "Amrik Singh -LRB- 1948 -- June 6 , 1984 -RRB- was the President of the Sikh Students Federation He was killed in the army operation in Golden Temple , Amritsar , on June 6 , 1984 . Amrik Singh was the son of Sant Giani Kartar Singh Bhindranwale , the 13th leader of the Damdami Taksal . He was well versed in Gurbani and Sikh literature , and devoted much of his life to Sikh missionary activities . He had passed his Masters in Punjabi from Khalsa College in Amritsar after which he began research work on his Ph.D. thesis . Amrik Singh was a prominent leader of the orthodox Sikh faction along with Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale . He contested the 1979 Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee -LRB- SGPC -RRB- election , backed by Bhindranwale , but lost to Jiwan Singh Umranangal . On 26 April 1982 , he led a campaign to get Amritsar the status of a `` holy city '' . During the agitation , he was arrested on 19 July 1982 along with other members of the Damdami Taksal . Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale began the Dharam Yudh Morcha to implement the Anandpur Resolution which primarily requested more autonomy for the Punjabi 's , arguing that they were being oppressed and treated unfairly by the Indian government . As part of the Morcha , he also demanded freedom for Amrik Singh and other prominent Sikhs . ", "Nathu Ram Ahirwar -LRB- 1 July 1923 -- 5 December 2013 -RRB- was an Indian politician , social leader , Former Education minister and educationist from the village of Bhamoura Khas in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh , India . Former minister of Madhya Pradesh and senior Congress leader died at his ancestral village Bhamoura Khas here following brief illness . Ahirwar , who had been ailing for quite some time , died on 5 December 2013 around 18:00 , his family said . He has served as a Member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly for years 1957-62 and was also elected as a Member of Fourth Lok Sabha - -LRB- 1967 -- 70 -RRB- and Fifth Lok Sabha - -LRB- 1971-1977 -RRB- as a member of Congress Party from Tikamgarh constituency , a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes . He has also served as Minister of State for Rehabilitation and Cooperation and Education Minister . He was elected as Member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Khargapur constituency in 1977 as representative of Janata Party and in 1980 as member of Congress Party . After 1997 , he left Congress and joined Bahujan Samaj Party . He is noted for his activities for betterment of scheduled castes and also an educationist , who served as member of Secondary Education Committee , Madhya Pradesh -LRB- 1958 -- 63 -RRB- . He has also founded a Higher Secondary School at Teharka Tikamgarh and also is Vice-President , Degree College of Newari near Tikamgarh . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Cthulhu", "The_Trail_of_Cthulhu", "Insect_from_Shaggai", "Bene_Tleilax", "Undead" ]

[ "Cthulhu -LRB- -LSB- - all -LRB- k -RRB- ʟ̝̊ʊlʔɬuː -RSB- -RRB- is a cosmic entity created by writer H. P. Lovecraft and first introduced in the short story `` The Call of Cthulhu '' , published in the American pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928 . Considered a Great Old One within the pantheon of Lovecraftian cosmic entities , the creature has since been featured in numerous popular culture references . Lovecraft depicts Cthulhu as a gigantic entity worshipped by cultists . Cthulhu 's appearance is described as looking like an octopus , a dragon and a caricature of human form . Its name was given to the Lovecraft-inspired universe where it and its fellow entities existed , the Cthulhu Mythos . ", "The Trail of Cthulhu is a series of interconnected short stories written by August Derleth as part of the Cthulhu Mythos genre of horror fiction . The stories chronicle the struggles of Laban Shrewsbury and his companions against the Great Old Ones , particularly Cthulhu . The stories were originally published in Weird Tales from 1944 to 1952 , and were republished in collected form as The Trail of Cthulhu by Arkham House in 1962 in an edition of 2,470 copies . ", "An Insect from Shaggai is a member of a fictional alien race -LRB- also known as the Shan -RRB- in the Cthulhu Mythos . The being was created by British author Ramsey Campbell , who was inspired by a similar creature in H. P. Lovecraft 's commonplace book . The Shan first appeared in Campbell 's short story `` The Insects From Shaggai '' -LRB- 1964 -RRB- . ", "The Bene Tleilax or Tleilaxu -LSB- tleɪˈlæksuː -RSB- are an extremely xenophobic and isolationist society in Frank Herbert 's science fiction Dune universe . Genetic manipulators who traffic in biological products such as artificial eyes , gholas , and `` twisted '' Mentats , the Tleilaxu are a major power in the Imperium . The race is ruled by a small council of Tleilaxu Masters , whose genetically-engineered Face Dancer servants have the ability to mimic any human . The Masters themselves possess a bland and diminutive appearance intended to compel other races to underestimate them . In Heretics of Dune -LRB- 1984 -RRB- it is revealed that they are a secret totalitarian theocracy ultimately seeking domination of the known universe . Despite their influence , the Bene Tleilax are universally distrusted and inspire disgust because their products , though desirable , push the limits of the moral proscriptions established by the ancient Butlerian Jihad . ", "The undead are beings in mythology , legend , or fiction that are deceased but behave as if alive . A common example of an undead being is a corpse re-animated by supernatural forces , by the application of the deceased 's own life force , or that of another being -LRB- such as a demon -RRB- . The undead may be incorporeal like ghosts , or corporeal like vampires and zombies . The undead are featured in the belief systems of most cultures , and appear in many works of fantasy and horror fiction . The term is also occasionally used for putative non-supernatural cases of re-animation , from early experiments like Robert E. Cornish 's to future sciences such as cryonics and chemical brain preservation . Bram Stoker considered using the title The Un-Dead for his novel Dracula -LRB- 1897 -RRB- , and use of the term in the novel is mostly responsible for the modern sense of the word . The word does appear in English before Stoker but with the more literal sense of `` alive '' or `` not dead '' , for which citations can be found in the Oxford English Dictionary . In one passage , nosferatu is given as an `` Eastern European '' synonym for `` un-dead '' . Stoker 's use of the term refers only to vampires , and the extension to other types of supernatural beings arose later . Most commonly , it is now taken to refer to supernatural beings which had at one time been alive and continue to display some aspects of life after death , but the usage is highly variable . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "UNICEF_UK", "National_Children's_Bureau", "Erica_Kochi", "Welfare_Committee_-LRB-Iceland-RRB-", "Soroptimist_International" ]

[ "UNICEF UK , also known as the United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF , is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries . The National Committees raise funds for the organisation 's worldwide emergency and development work . In 2007 , UNICEF UK raised # 41.3 million for UNICEF 's work with children worldwide . UNICEF UK also advocates for lasting change for children . For example , it works to change government policies and practices that are detrimental to children 's rights in the UK and internationally . Internationally , UNICEF is the leading children 's organisation , reaching children in more than 150 less-developed countries around the world . It works with local communities , organisations and governments to make a lasting difference to children 's lives . The organisation 's global reach allows it to share knowledge across borders , while its local presence -- over 85 per cent of UNICEF staff work in developing countries - means it can deliver assistance where it is needed most . With its worldwide presence , UNICEF can respond rapidly wherever disaster strikes , delivering life-saving help for children . UNICEF believes that every child should have clean water , food , health care , education , and a safe environment in which to grow up . The organisation upholds the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and works to hold the international community responsible for their promises to children . UNICEF is not funded by the UN . Instead , it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide . UNICEF UK raises funds for these programmes through donations , the sale of cards and gifts , partnerships with companies and special events . UNICEF UK is a registered charity . ", "The National Children 's Bureau -LRB- NCB -RRB- is an English charity , based in Islington , London with another office in Belfast . It is primarily focused on improving the lives of children in England and Northern Ireland . NCB supports children to have influence in decisions that affect their lives through its youth engagement projects , as well as undertaking research and policy work , and having a team focused on improving early childhood . NCB is also an umbrella organisation and incorporates a family of councils and fora that explore a range of issues involving children and young people in England . NCB manages the Children 's Partnership with 4Children . Established in 2013 , The Children 's Partnership is the voluntary and community sector strategic partner to the Department for Education , led by 4Children and the National Children 's Bureau and in collaboration with Barnardo 's , the Family and Childcare Trust , NCVYS and NSPCC . NCB is part of the Health and Care Voluntary Sector Strategic Partner Programme which brings together voluntary and community sector -LRB- VCS -RRB- organisations . It enables VCS organisations to work in partnership with the Department of Health -LRB- DH -RRB- , NHS England and Public Health England -LRB- PHE -RRB- . ", "Erica Kochi , -LRB- born 1979 , in Sendai , Japan -RRB- is a humanitarian and a technologist who Co-Leads UNICEF 's Innovation Unit , together with Christopher Fabian . In 2013 , she was chosen by Time Magazine to be on the Time 100 list of the 100 most influential people in the world . UNICEF Innovation has recognized success in innovative design of development solutions . Examples of this work include the Digital Drum , which was recognized by Time magazine as one of the Top 50 inventions of 2011 , the award-winning RapidSMS - a system that uses basic mobile phones and SMS messages to communicate with front-line workers and improve the speed and quality of data collection and health and education services , and a Gold and Silver IDSA awards , and a Redhat prize for being one of the top four open source projects Since 2007 , UNICEF Innovation has worked with partners to develop open source technologies that have registered 7 million births in Nigeria over 15 months and provided antenatal care to thousands of pregnant women across Rwanda . These systems have led to successes such as the tracking of the distribution of more than 25 million insecticide treated mosquito nets and a direct feedback loop from more than 190,000 young Ugandans to engage with their government and change policy in real time . Before UNICEF , Kochi worked with the Commission for Macroeconomics and Health , a joint collaboration between the World Bank and the World Health Organization . Kochi has also co-taught `` Design for UNICEF '' at New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts with Clay Shirky . She has lectured at the Yale School of Management , Harvard University , the Art Center College of Design , Stanford University School of Engineering , and Columbia University 's School of International and Public Affairs on technology , innovation , design and international development . ", "The Welfare Committee -LRB- Velferðarnefnd -RRB- is a standing committee of the Icelandic parliament . ", "Founded in 1921 in Oakland , California , United States , Soroptimist International -LRB- SI -RRB- is a worldwide volunteer service organization for business and professional women who work to improve the lives of women and girls , in local communities and throughout the world . The original president of the organization was Violet Richardson Ward in 1921 . Through their General -LRB- Category One -RRB- Consultative Status as a non-governmental organization at the United Nations , the organization seeks equality , peace , and international goodwill for women . The Mission Statement of the organization is : There are four Federations around the world ; SI of the Americas , SI Great Britain and Ireland -LRB- SIGBI -RRB- Ltd , SI of Europe and SI of South West Pacific . The headquarters office for Soroptimist International is in Cambridge , UK . The organization comprises approximately 95,000 members in more than 125 countries and territories worldwide who contribute time and financial support to community-based and international projects . Soroptimist members belong to local clubs , which determine the focus of service to their communities . The name `` Soroptimist '' was coined by combining the Latin words soror `` sister '' and optima `` best '' , and can be taken to mean `` best for women '' " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Blank_Space", "Blank!", "Blank_Generation", "Taurus_Void", "Blank_Noise" ]

[ "`` Blank Space '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift from her fifth studio album 1989 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . It was written by Swift , Max Martin and Shellback . The song was released to the radio by Republic Records on November 10 , 2014 as the album 's second single , after `` Shake It Off '' and is the second track on the album . Musically , `` Blank Space '' is an electropop song with lyrics that satirize the media 's perception of Swift and her relationships . `` Blank Space '' reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 following `` Shake It Off '' . Swift became the first woman in the Hot 100 's 56-year history to succeed herself at the top spot . A critical success , it has also been included in numerous year-end critics ' lists . The song has also topped charts in Canada , South Africa and Australia . It also charted in the top 10 in numerous countries , such as Austria , Czech Republic , Germany , New Zealand , Spain , and the United Kingdom . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and was shot over three days at Oheka Castle in Huntington , New York . The song received its first televised performance at the 2014 American Music Awards and as part of `` Taylor Swift 's 1989 Secret Session with iHeartRadio '' on October 27 , 2014 , in New York City . The song received nominations for the 58th Grammy Awards for Record of the Year , Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance . ", "Blank ! is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov . It was commissioned by Larry Shaw , editor of Infinity Science Fiction , as being the least inspirational title on which to base a story . Harlan Ellison and Randall Garrett were also invited to submit stories based on the same title ; Garrett wrote one with `` Blank ? '' as the title while Ellison submitted `` Blank . '' All three were published in the magazine in June 1957 . Asimov 's story was later reprinted in the 1975 collection Buy Jupiter and Other Stories . ", "Blank Generation may refer to : Blank Generation -LRB- album -RRB- , by Richard Hell & The Voidoids , released in 1977 Blank Generation -LRB- song -RRB- , the title track to the above album Blank Generation -LRB- literary -RRB- , literary genre The Blank Generation , a 1976 music documentary Blank Generation -LRB- 1980 film -RRB- , featuring Richard Hell & The Voidoids ", "The Taurus Void is a vast , near empty region of space situated between the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Virgo Supercluster . The Taurus void is unique because of its relatively close proximity to Earth , and because it helps to define the edge of latter 's home supercluster , the Virgo supercluster . Despite its close proximity to Earth , the Taurus Void is not well studied because it is partially obscured by the Milky Way when viewed from Earth . In contrast to its ambiguous boundary in the section of sky obscured by the Milky Way , the Taurus Void has a very well defined boundary with the Perseus-Pisces supercluster . ", "Blank Noise is a community/public art project that seeks to confront street harassment , commonly known as eve teasing , in India . The project , initiated by Jasmeen Patheja in August 2003 , started out as a student project at Srishti School of Art Design and Technology in Bangalore and has since spread out to other cities in India . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Foot_Locker", "Foot_-LRB-unit-RRB-", "Dual_language", "StRUT", "List_of_independent_bookstores_in_the_United_States" ]

[ "Foot Locker Retail , Inc. is an American sportswear and footwear retailer , with its headquarters in Midtown Manhattan , New York City , and operating in 28 countries worldwide . Although established in 1974 , and founded as a separate company in 1988 , Foot Locker is a successor corporation to the F. W. Woolworth Company -LRB- `` Woolworth 's '' -RRB- , as many of its freestanding stores were former Woolworth 's locations . The company operates the eponymous `` Foot Locker '' chain of athletic footwear retail outlets -LRB- along with `` Kids Foot Locker '' and `` Lady Foot Locker '' stores -RRB- , and other athletic-based divisions including Champs Sports , Footaction USA , House of Hoops , and Eastbay/Footlocker . com , which owns the rights to Final Score . The company is also famous for its employees ' uniforms at its flagship Foot Locker chain , resembling those of referees . According to the company 's filings with the SEC , as of January 28 , 2017 , Foot Locker , Inc. had 3,363 primarily mall-based stores in the United States , Canada , Europe , and Asia . ", "The foot -LRB- feet ; abbreviation : ft ; symbol : ′ , the prime symbol -RRB- is a unit of length in the imperial and US customary systems of measurement . Since 1959 , both units have been defined by international agreement as equivalent to 0.3048 meters exactly . In both systems , the foot comprises 12 inches and three feet compose a yard . Historically the `` foot '' was a part of many local systems of units , including the Greek , Roman , Chinese , French , and English systems . It varied in length from country to country , from city to city , and sometimes from trade to trade . Its length was usually between 250 mm and 335 mm and was generally , but not always , subdivided into 12 inches or 16 digits . The United States is the only industrialized nation that uses the international foot and the survey foot -LRB- a customary unit of length -RRB- in preference to the meter in its commercial , engineering , and standards activities . The foot is legally recognized in the United Kingdom ; road signs must use imperial units -LRB- however distances on road signs are always marked in yards , not feet -RRB- , while its usage is widespread among the British public as a measurement of height . The foot is recognized as an alternative expression of length in Canada officially defined as a unit derived from the meter although both the U.K. and Canada have partially metricated their units of measurement . The measurement of altitude in international aviation is one of the few areas where the foot is widely used outside the English-speaking world . The length of the international foot corresponds to a human foot with shoe size of 13 -LRB- UK -RRB- , 14 -LRB- US male -RRB- , 15.5 -LRB- US female -RRB- or 46 -LRB- EU sizing -RRB- . ", "Dual language is a form of education in which students are taught literacy and content in two languages . The majority of dual language programs in the United States teach in English and Spanish , although increasing numbers of programs use a partner language other than Spanish , such as Arabic , Chinese , French , Hawaiian , Japanese , or Korean . Dual language programs use the partner language for at least half of the instructional day in the elementary years . Dual language programs generally start in kindergarten or first grade and extend for at least five years , although many continue into middle school and high school . There is one higher education -LRB- baccalaureate and masters -RRB- program in Florida . These programs aim for bilingualism -LRB- the ability to speak fluently in two languages -RRB- , biliteracy -LRB- the ability to read and write in two languages -RRB- , academic achievement equal to that of students in non-dual language programs , and cross-cultural competence . Most dual language programs are located in neighborhood public schools , although many are charter , magnet , or private schools . ", "See also strut -LRB- disambiguation -RRB- StRUT -LRB- Students Recycling Used Technology -RRB- are three separate organizations in three states with similar roots and similar mission of providing technology education , resources , and recycling to schools and non-profit organizations in or near these states . It was founded in Oregon in 1995 by Intel and the Northwest Regional Education Service District . Through StRUT , companies such as Epson , Fujitsu , Nike , and Tektronix donate used computers and equipment to schools for refurbishing and reuse . As of August 2003 , StRUT has provided computers to over 135 schools and 21 educational service districts in Oregon and southwest Washington . The program has also grown to several other states , as well as inspired similar recycling programs elsewhere . In Arizona Intel , Motorola & APS have much to do with AzStrut 's early growth . The Oregon StRUT program has placed over 22,000 computers in schools , involving 3,600 students in the process . From 2001 to August 2003 , over 650 tons of material have been recycled . ", "This is a list of independent bookstores in the United States , both current and defunct , which have had physical -LRB- `` brick-and-mortar '' -RRB- locations . Stores which have gone out of business are denoted with a dagger . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Hollow_Man_2", "Hollow_Man", "Spider-Man_2", "Wonder_Boy_III-COLON-_The_Dragon's_Trap", "Iron_Man_-LRB-2008_film-RRB-" ]

[ "Hollow Man 2 is a 2006 American science fiction horror film directed by Claudio Fäh and starring Peter Facinelli , Laura Regan and Christian Slater . It is the stand-alone sequel to the film Hollow Man . It was released direct-to-video on May 23 , 2006 . ", "Hollow Man is a 2000 American-German science fiction horror film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Kevin Bacon , Elisabeth Shue and Josh Brolin . Bacon portrays the title character , a scientist who renders himself invisible and goes on a killing spree , a story inspired by H. G. Wells ' novel The Invisible Man . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Visual Effects in 2001 , but lost to Gladiator . The film is Verhoeven 's most recent American production . In 2013 , Verhoeven remarked to The Hollywood Reporter : `` I decided after Hollow Man , this is a movie , the first movie that I made that I thought I should not have made . It made money and this and that , but it really is not me anymore . I think many other people could have done that . I do n't think many people could have made RoboCop that way , or either Starship Troopers . But Hollow Man , I thought there might have been 20 directors in Hollywood who could have done that . I felt depressed with myself after 2002 . '' It partly contributed in his return to the Netherlands , his home country , where he made Black Book in 2006 , which was considered a return to form . A direct-to-video stand-alone sequel called Hollow Man 2 starring Christian Slater and Peter Facinelli was released in 2006 . ", "Spider-Man 2 is a 2004 American superhero film directed by Sam Raimi and written by Alvin Sargent from a story by Alfred Gough , Miles Millar , and Michael Chabon . The sequel to the 2002 film Spider-Man , it is the second film in Raimi 's Spider-Man film trilogy based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name . Tobey Maguire , Kirsten Dunst , and James Franco reprise their respective roles as Peter Parker/Spider-Man , Mary Jane Watson and Harry Osborn . Set two years after the events of Spider-Man , the film finds Peter Parker struggling to manage both his personal life and his duties as Spider-Man , while Dr. Otto Octavius -LRB- Doctor Octopus -RRB- becomes a diabolical villain after a failed experiment kills his wife and leaves him neurologically fused to mechanical tentacles . Spider-Man must stop him from successfully recreating the experiment , which threatens to annihilate the city . Spider-Man 2 was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters on June 30 , 2004 . It grossed $ 783.8 million worldwide and won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects . It also received five awards at the Saturn Awards ceremony including Best Fantasy Film and Best Director for Raimi . The film 's success led to the release of Spider-Man 3 in 2007 . ", "Not to be confused with the 1988 arcade game Wonder Boy III : Monster Lair . Wonder Boy III : The Dragon 's Trap , known in Japan as , is a platforming and action-adventure video game developed by Westone as part of Sega 's Wonder Boy series . It was published by Sega and released for the Sega Master System in 1989 and for the Game Gear in 1992 as Wonder Boy : The Dragon 's Trap . It was ported by Hudson Soft in 1991 -LRB- 1990 in North America -RRB- and was released for the TurboGrafx-16 / PC Engine under the name Dragon 's Curse -LRB- in Japan -RRB- . It was also ported in 1993 by Brazilian company Tec Toy under the title Turma da Mônica em o Resgate , with the game retooled to include characters from Brazilian comic book series Monica 's Gang -LRB- Turma da Mônica -RRB- . A remake developed by Lizardcube and published by DotEmu , titled Wonder Boy : The Dragon 's Trap , was released in April 2017 . The game takes place immediately after the events of Wonder Boy in Monster Land , which Wonder Boy has been cursed by the Mecha Dragon and must locate the Salamander Cross to lift it . The game is nonlinear and features varying landscapes in which players must navigate . Players find items and clues needed to access different parts of Monster Land , and they can transform into other forms and gain different abilities . Wonder Boy III : The Dragon 's Trap received extensive coverage worldwide in gaming magazines upon its release . It was praised for its colorful and cartoon-like graphics , rich sound and diverse sound effects , and varied and addictive gameplay . Criticisms include sprite flickering in the Master System version as well as slippery controls . It won Electronic Gaming Monthlys `` Best Game of the Year '' award for the Master System in 1989 . Reviews from gaming magazines have described the game as one of the best Master System and 8-bit titles of all time . ", "Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the first film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by Jon Favreau , with a screenplay by Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby and Art Marcum & Matt Holloway . It stars Robert Downey Jr. , Terrence Howard , Jeff Bridges , Shaun Toub and Gwyneth Paltrow . In Iron Man , Tony Stark , an industrialist and master engineer , builds a powered exoskeleton and becomes the technologically advanced superhero Iron Man . The film had been in development since 1990 at Universal Pictures , 20th Century Fox , or New Line Cinema at various times , before Marvel Studios reacquired the rights in 2006 . Marvel put the project in production as its first self-financed film , with Paramount Pictures as its distributor . Favreau signed on as director , aiming for a naturalistic feel , and he chose to shoot the film primarily in California , rejecting the East Coast setting of the comics to differentiate the film from numerous superhero films set in New York City-esque environments . Filming began in March 2007 and concluded in June . During filming , the actors were free to create their own dialogue because pre-production was focused on the story and action . Rubber and metal versions of the armors , created by Stan Winston 's company , were mixed with computer-generated imagery to create the title character . Iron Man premiered in Sydney on April 14 , 2008 , and was released in theaters on May 2 , 2008 . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 585 million and garnering widespread critical acclaim . Downey 's performance as Tony Stark was particularly praised . The American Film Institute selected the film as one of the ten best of the year . It was also nominated for two Academy Awards for the Best Sound Editing and the Best Visual Effects . Two sequels , Iron Man 2 and Iron Man 3 , were released on May 7 , 2010 , and May 3 , 2013 , respectively . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Hollow_Man_2", "Hollow_Man", "Spider-Man_2", "Wonder_Boy_III-COLON-_The_Dragon's_Trap", "Iron_Man_-LRB-2008_film-RRB-" ]

[ "Hollow Man 2 is a 2006 American science fiction horror film directed by Claudio Fäh and starring Peter Facinelli , Laura Regan and Christian Slater . It is the stand-alone sequel to the film Hollow Man . It was released direct-to-video on May 23 , 2006 . ", "Hollow Man is a 2000 American-German science fiction horror film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Kevin Bacon , Elisabeth Shue and Josh Brolin . Bacon portrays the title character , a scientist who renders himself invisible and goes on a killing spree , a story inspired by H. G. Wells ' novel The Invisible Man . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Visual Effects in 2001 , but lost to Gladiator . The film is Verhoeven 's most recent American production . In 2013 , Verhoeven remarked to The Hollywood Reporter : `` I decided after Hollow Man , this is a movie , the first movie that I made that I thought I should not have made . It made money and this and that , but it really is not me anymore . I think many other people could have done that . I do n't think many people could have made RoboCop that way , or either Starship Troopers . But Hollow Man , I thought there might have been 20 directors in Hollywood who could have done that . I felt depressed with myself after 2002 . '' It partly contributed in his return to the Netherlands , his home country , where he made Black Book in 2006 , which was considered a return to form . A direct-to-video stand-alone sequel called Hollow Man 2 starring Christian Slater and Peter Facinelli was released in 2006 . ", "Spider-Man 2 is a 2004 American superhero film directed by Sam Raimi and written by Alvin Sargent from a story by Alfred Gough , Miles Millar , and Michael Chabon . The sequel to the 2002 film Spider-Man , it is the second film in Raimi 's Spider-Man film trilogy based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name . Tobey Maguire , Kirsten Dunst , and James Franco reprise their respective roles as Peter Parker/Spider-Man , Mary Jane Watson and Harry Osborn . Set two years after the events of Spider-Man , the film finds Peter Parker struggling to manage both his personal life and his duties as Spider-Man , while Dr. Otto Octavius -LRB- Doctor Octopus -RRB- becomes a diabolical villain after a failed experiment kills his wife and leaves him neurologically fused to mechanical tentacles . Spider-Man must stop him from successfully recreating the experiment , which threatens to annihilate the city . Spider-Man 2 was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters on June 30 , 2004 . It grossed $ 783.8 million worldwide and won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects . It also received five awards at the Saturn Awards ceremony including Best Fantasy Film and Best Director for Raimi . The film 's success led to the release of Spider-Man 3 in 2007 . ", "Not to be confused with the 1988 arcade game Wonder Boy III : Monster Lair . Wonder Boy III : The Dragon 's Trap , known in Japan as , is a platforming and action-adventure video game developed by Westone as part of Sega 's Wonder Boy series . It was published by Sega and released for the Sega Master System in 1989 and for the Game Gear in 1992 as Wonder Boy : The Dragon 's Trap . It was ported by Hudson Soft in 1991 -LRB- 1990 in North America -RRB- and was released for the TurboGrafx-16 / PC Engine under the name Dragon 's Curse -LRB- in Japan -RRB- . It was also ported in 1993 by Brazilian company Tec Toy under the title Turma da Mônica em o Resgate , with the game retooled to include characters from Brazilian comic book series Monica 's Gang -LRB- Turma da Mônica -RRB- . A remake developed by Lizardcube and published by DotEmu , titled Wonder Boy : The Dragon 's Trap , was released in April 2017 . The game takes place immediately after the events of Wonder Boy in Monster Land , which Wonder Boy has been cursed by the Mecha Dragon and must locate the Salamander Cross to lift it . The game is nonlinear and features varying landscapes in which players must navigate . Players find items and clues needed to access different parts of Monster Land , and they can transform into other forms and gain different abilities . Wonder Boy III : The Dragon 's Trap received extensive coverage worldwide in gaming magazines upon its release . It was praised for its colorful and cartoon-like graphics , rich sound and diverse sound effects , and varied and addictive gameplay . Criticisms include sprite flickering in the Master System version as well as slippery controls . It won Electronic Gaming Monthlys `` Best Game of the Year '' award for the Master System in 1989 . Reviews from gaming magazines have described the game as one of the best Master System and 8-bit titles of all time . ", "Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the first film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by Jon Favreau , with a screenplay by Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby and Art Marcum & Matt Holloway . It stars Robert Downey Jr. , Terrence Howard , Jeff Bridges , Shaun Toub and Gwyneth Paltrow . In Iron Man , Tony Stark , an industrialist and master engineer , builds a powered exoskeleton and becomes the technologically advanced superhero Iron Man . The film had been in development since 1990 at Universal Pictures , 20th Century Fox , or New Line Cinema at various times , before Marvel Studios reacquired the rights in 2006 . Marvel put the project in production as its first self-financed film , with Paramount Pictures as its distributor . Favreau signed on as director , aiming for a naturalistic feel , and he chose to shoot the film primarily in California , rejecting the East Coast setting of the comics to differentiate the film from numerous superhero films set in New York City-esque environments . Filming began in March 2007 and concluded in June . During filming , the actors were free to create their own dialogue because pre-production was focused on the story and action . Rubber and metal versions of the armors , created by Stan Winston 's company , were mixed with computer-generated imagery to create the title character . Iron Man premiered in Sydney on April 14 , 2008 , and was released in theaters on May 2 , 2008 . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 585 million and garnering widespread critical acclaim . Downey 's performance as Tony Stark was particularly praised . The American Film Institute selected the film as one of the ten best of the year . It was also nominated for two Academy Awards for the Best Sound Editing and the Best Visual Effects . Two sequels , Iron Man 2 and Iron Man 3 , were released on May 7 , 2010 , and May 3 , 2013 , respectively . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Benzodiazepine", "Oxazepam", "Tuclazepam", "Premedication", "Pharmacy_and_Therapeutics" ]

[ "Benzodiazepines -LRB- BZD , BZs -RRB- , sometimes called `` benzos '' , are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring . The first such drug , chlordiazepoxide -LRB- Librium -RRB- , was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955 , and made available in 1960 by Hoffmann -- La Roche , which , since 1963 , has also marketed the benzodiazepine diazepam -LRB- Valium -RRB- . In 1977 benzodiazepines were globally the most prescribed medications . Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid -LRB- GABA -RRB- at the GABAA receptor , resulting in sedative , hypnotic -LRB- sleep-inducing -RRB- , anxiolytic -LRB- anti-anxiety -RRB- , anticonvulsant , and muscle relaxant properties . High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation . These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety , insomnia , agitation , seizures , muscle spasms , alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures . Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short - , intermediate - , or long-acting . Short - and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia ; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety . Benzodiazepines are generally viewed as safe and effective for short-term use , although cognitive impairment and paradoxical effects such as aggression or behavioral disinhibition occasionally occur . A minority of people can have paradoxical reactions such as worsened agitation or panic . Long-term use is controversial because of concerns about adverse psychological and physical effects , decreasing effectiveness , and physical dependence and withdrawal . As a result of adverse effects associated with the long-term use of benzodiazepines , withdrawal from benzodiazepines , in general , leads to improved physical and mental health . The elderly are at an increased risk of suffering from both short - and long-term adverse effects , and as a result , all benzodiazepines are listed in the Beers List of inappropriate medications for older adults . There is controversy concerning the safety of benzodiazepines in pregnancy . While they are not major teratogens , uncertainty remains as to whether they cause cleft palate in a small number of babies and whether neurobehavioural effects occur as a result of prenatal exposure ; they are known to cause withdrawal symptoms in the newborn . Benzodiazepines can be taken in overdoses and can cause dangerous deep unconsciousness . However , they are less toxic than their predecessors , the barbiturates , and death rarely results when a benzodiazepine is the only drug taken . When combined with other central nervous system -LRB- CNS -RRB- depressants such as alcoholic drinks and opioids , the potential for toxicity and fatal overdose increases . Benzodiazepines are commonly misused and taken in combination with other drugs of abuse . ", "Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine . Oxazepam is used for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia and in the control of symptoms of alcohol withdrawal . It is a metabolite of diazepam , prazepam , and temazepam , and has moderate amnesic , anxiolytic , anticonvulsant , hypnotic , sedative , and skeletal muscle relaxant properties compared to other benzodiazepines . Oxazepam was initially patented and marketed in 1965 . ", "Tuclazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative . ", "Premedication is using medication before some other therapy -LRB- usually surgery or chemotherapy -RRB- to prepare for that forthcoming therapy . Typical examples include premedicating with a sedative or analgesic before surgery ; using prophylactic -LRB- preventive -RRB- antibiotics before surgery ; and using antiemetics or antihistamines before chemotherapy . Premedication before chemotherapy for cancer often consists of drug regimens -LRB- usually 2 or more drugs , e.g. dexamethasone , diphenhydramine and omeprazole -RRB- given to a patient minutes to hours before the chemotherapy to avert side effects or hypersensitivity reactions -LRB- i.e. allergic reactions -RRB- . Melatonin has been found to be effective as a premedication in both adults and children due to its pharmacological properties of hypnotic , antinociceptive and anticonvulsant which produce effective anxiolosis and sedation . Unlike midazolam melatonin does not impair psychomotor skills or adversely affect the quality of recovery . It has a faster recovery time compared to midazolam and has a reduced incidence of post-operative excitement and results in a reduction in dose required of propofol and thiopental . Midazolam is effective in children in reducing anxiety associated with separation from parents and induction of anesthesia . Sufentanil is also sometimes used as a premedication . Clonidine is becoming increasingly popular as a premedication for children . One drawback of clonidine is that it can take up to 45 minutes to take full effect . In children , clonidine has been found to be equal to and possibly superior to benzodiazepines as a premedication . It has a more favourable side effect profile . It also reduces the need for an induction agent . It improves post-operative pain relief , is better at inducing sedation at induction , reduces agitated emergence , reduces shivering and post-operative nausea and vomiting and reduces post-operative delirium associated with sevoflurane anaesthesia . Benzodiazepines such as midazolam are more commonly used due largely to a lack of a marketing effort by the pharmaceutical companies . As a result , clonidine is becoming increasingly popular with anesthesiologists . Dexmedetomidine and atypical antipsychotic agents are other premedications which are used particularly in very uncooperative children . Non-drug interventions for children include playing relaxing music , massages , reducing noise and controlling light to maintain the sleep wake cycle . Other non-pharmacological options for children who refuse or can not tolerate premedication include clown doctors ; low sensory stimulation and hand-held video games may also help reduce anxiety during induction of general anesthesia . ", "Pharmacy and Therapeutics is a committee at a hospital or an insurance plan that meets to decide which drugs will appear on that entity 's drug formulary . The committee usually consists of both physicians and pharmacists . They must weigh the costs and benefits of each drug and decide which ones a person and the most efficacy per dollar . This is one aspect of pharmaceutical policy . Most generic drugs are available on formularies , except in cases where that class of drugs are no longer considered safe and efficacious . For instance most formularies will not cover barbiturates since their therapeutic index is low compared to benzodiazepines . Barbiturates have a danger of overdosing that occurs at a smaller milligram range than the benzodiazepines . Category : Hospitals " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Issa_Rae", "Awkward_Black_Girl", "Herman_Mashaba", "Marita_Black", "Easy_to_Assemble" ]

[ "Jo-Issa `` Issa '' Rae Diop -LRB- born January 12 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actress , writer , director , producer and web series creator . She is best known as the creator of the YouTube web series Awkward Black Girl . Since the premiere of Awkward Black Girl , Rae has developed her own YouTube platform where she features various content created by people of color . Rae 's shows have garnered over 20 million views and over 260,000 subscribers on YouTube . As of 2017 , Rae is the creator , co-writer and star of the HBO series Insecure , which is partially based on Awkward Black Girl . '' ", "The Mis-Adventures of Awkward Black Girl -LRB- often simply referred to as Awkward Black Girl -RRB- is an American comedy web series created by and starring Issa Rae . It premiered on a dedicated YouTube on February 3 , 2011 . The show follows the life of J as she interacts with co-workers and love interests who place her in uncomfortable situations . The story is told through first-person narrative as J usually reveals how she feels about her circumstances through voice-over or dream sequence . The series received critical acclaim and won a Shorty Award for Best Web Series in 2012 . ", "Herman Mashaba is a South African entrepreneur , politician and Mayor of Johannesburg . He is the founder of the hair products company Black Like Me . He is famous in South Africa for his life story : one of growing up and struggling against poverty and the Apartheid government to open his own hair business , which became the biggest hair brand in South Africa , making him a millionaire . He publicly backed Mmusi Maimane in the Democratic Alliance leadership race . He also wrote the book Black Like You which is his autobiography . Philosophically , he is a libertarian and `` capitalist crusader '' whose highest value is `` individual freedom . '' On August 22 , 2016 , Mashaba was voted in as Mayor of Johannesburg by the first sitting of council . ", "Marita Black is a British-born actor , singer and screenwriter . She is known for her work on the British TV series Grange Hill , in which she played the English teacher Ms Patti Janowitz in 1992 . As of 2010 , Black was working as a screenwriter , co-writing the film project Take Me to Your Leader , produced by Adam Sandler . ", "Easy to Assemble is a webseries created by and starring Illeana Douglas , and sponsored by furniture store IKEA . Douglas plays a fictional version of herself trying to quit acting and work a `` real job '' at the IKEA store in Burbank , California . She soon finds she can not leave Hollywood behind when fellow actress Justine Bateman starts an internet talk show called `` 40 and Bitter '' on the floor of IKEA . The series has had several notable guest stars , including Jeff Goldblum , Keanu Reeves , Jane Lynch , Justine Bateman , Tim Meadows , Cheri Oteri , Tom Arnold , Ed Begley , Jr. , Kevin Pollak , Fred Willard , Daryl Sabara , Ricki Lake , David Henrie , Patricia Heaton , and Eric Lange . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Zoey_Deutch", "Suzanne_Strempek_Shea", "Molly_Kiely", "Annalyn_Swan", "Anneliese_van_der_Pol" ]

[ "Zoey Francis Thompson Deutch -LRB- born November 10 , 1994 -RRB- is an American actress . She is known for portraying Rosemarie `` Rose '' Hathaway in Vampire Academy -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Beverly in the Richard Linklater film Everybody Wants Some !! -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , Stephanie Fleming in Why Him ? -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , Samantha Kingston in Before I Fall -LRB- 2017 -RRB- and Erica Vandross in Flower -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Her other film roles include Beautiful Creatures -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Dirty Grandpa -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . ", "Suzanne Strempek Shea , born in western Massachusetts , USA , is the author of literary fiction , biographies and memoirs . She was the winner of the 2000 New England Book Award for Fiction . Shea lives in Bondsville , Massachusetts , with her husband , the Springfield Republican columnist Tom Shea . She is the author of five novels : Selling the Lite of Heaven , Hoopi Shoopi Donna , Lily of the Valley , Around Again , and Becoming Finola , published by Washington Square Press . She has also written three memoirs , Songs From a Lead-lined Room : Notes - High and Low - From My Journey Through Breast Cancer and Radiation ; Shelf Life : Romance , Mystery , Drama and Other Page-Turning Adventures From a Year in a Bookstore ; and Sundays in America : A Yearlong Road Trip in Search of Christian Faith , all published by Beacon Press . Her freelance journalism and fiction has appeared in magazines and newspapers including Yankee , The Bark , Golf World , The Boston Globe , The Philadelphia Inquirer , Organic Style and ESPN the Magazine . She was a regular contributor to Obit magazine . Her essay `` Crafty Critters '' appears in the anthology Knitting Yarns : Writers on Knitting , published by W. W. Norton & Company in 2013 . ", "Molly Maud Kiely -LRB- born October 10 , 1969 -RRB- is an American alternative cartoonist best known for erotica . Her work is published by Fantagraphics/Eros Comix and has influenced other artists such as Jess Fink . Kiely was born in Bracebridge , Ontario , raised in Kitchener , and attended the University of Waterloo . She has liked drawing her whole life , and discovered comics through Krazy Kat and Li'l Abner . She created her first minicomic in 1991 at the San Diego Comic-Con . She left Canada for San Francisco in 1992 . Her first comic , Communion , was a collaboration with J. Hagey based on a stream-of-conscience poem about a one-night stand . It was published by the Eros Comix imprint of Fantagraphics in 1992 . In 1993 , Wooley Comics commissioned her to do a comic adaptation of Marquis de Sade 's novel Philosophy in the Bedroom . She describes her work as `` clean line style '' that has been compared to Aubrey Beardsley and Jaime Hernandez . The pornographic nature of her work sometimes draws judgement from feminists who see her as helping men exploit women . Under Subsection 163 of the Canadian Criminal Code , the Canadian Customs and Post Office occasionally confiscated Kiely 's work when it was being mailed between her and Eros in 1995 . She had a daughter with her husband in 2007 before being widowed in 2015 . Kiely now resides in Tucson , Arizona with her daughter . ", "Annalyn Swan -LRB- born ca. 1951 in Biloxi , Mississippi -RRB- is an American writer and biographer who has written extensively about the arts . With her husband , art critic Mark Stevens she is the author of de Kooning : An American Master -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , a biography of Dutch-American artist Willem de Kooning , which was awarded the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography . De Kooning also won the National Book Critics Circle prize for biography and the Los Angeles Times biography award , and was named one of the 10 best books of 2005 by the New York Times . In her review in the New York Times , Janet Maslin wrote : `` The elusiveness of its subject makes the achievements of de Kooning : An American Master that much more dazzling . '' A Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Princeton University -LRB- Class of 1973 -RRB- , Swan was the first woman editor-in-chief of The Daily Princetonian . She was named a Marshall Scholar and earned her master 's degree at King 's College , Cambridge University . She began her writing career at Time , then joined Newsweek in 1980 as music critic , becoming the magazine 's senior arts editor ijn 1983 . In 1986-1990 she was editor-in-chief of Savvy , a magazine for professional women . She later taught at Princeton University , becoming a trustee . Swan has written for numerous publications , including The New Republic and Vanity Fair , and is the winner of an ASCP-Deems Taylor Award , and a Front Page Award for her music criticism . She is currently visiting professor at the Leon Levy Biography Center at the Graduate Center , the City University of New York . Swan was named `` Biloxian Made Good '' in 2011 . She and Mark Stevens are at work on a biography of the British artist Francis Bacon . They have two children . ", "Anneliese Louise van der Pol -LRB- Born September 23 , 1984 -RRB- is a Dutch and American actress , singer , model , and dancer . Following her early career in musical theatre , she was best known for her role as Chelsea Daniels on That 's So Raven . Van der Pol also has a career as a singer and has recorded several songs for The Walt Disney Company . She made her Broadway debut in 2007 , and appeared Off-Broadway in 2009 . She has also acted in the 2010 vampire spoof film Vampires Suck directed by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Fringe_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Power_Hungry_-LRB-Fringe-RRB-", "Stowaway_-LRB-Fringe-RRB-", "Mortal_Coil_-LRB-Star_Trek-COLON-_Voyager-RRB-", "Static_-LRB-The_Twilight_Zone-RRB-" ]

[ "Fringe is an American science fiction television series created by J. J. Abrams , Alex Kurtzman , and Roberto Orci . It premiered on the Fox Broadcasting network on September 9 , 2008 , and concluded on January 18 , 2013 , after five seasons and 100 episodes . The series follows Olivia Dunham -LRB- Anna Torv -RRB- , Peter Bishop -LRB- Joshua Jackson -RRB- , and Walter Bishop -LRB- John Noble -RRB- , all members of the fictional Fringe Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation , based in Boston , Massachusetts , under the supervision of Homeland Security . The team uses fringe science and FBI investigative techniques to investigate a series of unexplained , often ghastly occurrences , which are related to mysteries surrounding a parallel universe . The series has been described as a hybrid of fantasy and procedural dramas and serials , influenced by film and television shows such as Lost , The X-Files , Altered States , and The Twilight Zone . The series began as a traditional mystery-of-the-week series and became more serialized in later seasons . Most episodes contain a standalone plot , with several others also exploring the series ' overarching mythology . Critical reception was at first lukewarm but became more favorable after the first season , when the series began to explore its mythology , including parallel universes and alternate timelines . The show , as well as the cast and crew , were nominated for many major awards . Despite its move to the `` Friday night death slot '' and low ratings , the series developed a cult following . It also spawned two six-part comic book series , an alternate reality game , and three novels . ", "`` Power Hungry '' is the fifth episode of the first season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe . The episode was written by playwright Julia Cho and consulting producer Jason Cahill , and was directed by Christopher Misiano . The episode focuses on Fringe Division 's efforts in finding a man with the uncontrolled ability to affect electrical energy , thanks to the work of a wanted rogue scientist . Meanwhile , Olivia Dunham -LRB- Anna Torv -RRB- sees visions of her deceased lover , John Scott -LRB- Mark Valley -RRB- . The episode 's premise began with the idea of a computer virus being able to spread to humans , which then evolved into the story of a man who comes into his unique abilities . Series consultant Glen Whitman noted the premise was based on the `` very very weak magnetic field '' of electrical energy surrounding humans that an EEG detects , and the writers simply amplified this . The special effects crew undertook much preparation to simulate a chase sequence involving an exploding transformer , leading guest actor Ebon Moss-Bachrach to note how scary the effect was to film . It first aired in the United States on October 14 , 2008 on the Fox network , and was seen by an estimated 9.157 million American viewers , the network 's second highest rated show for the week . Critical reactions of the episode ranged from mixed to positive , as many believed the series was finally finding its footing . Others however critiqued the episode for seeming too ordinary for a science fiction series . ", "`` Stowaway '' is the 17th episode of the third season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe , and the 60th episode overall . It followed the Fringe team 's investigation into a woman , Dana Gray -LRB- Paula Malcomson -RRB- , who repeatedly but unsuccessfully tries to commit suicide . Meanwhile , Olivia continues to serve as the host for William Bell , to the dismay of most of her other team members . The episode 's story was written by Akiva Goldsman , Jeff Pinkner , and J. H. Wyman , while Danielle Dispaltro contributed its teleplay . Charles Beeson served as the director . Along with Malcomson , `` Stowaway '' featured a guest appearance by previous Fringe actor Seth Gabel . Though Leonard Nimoy had recently retired , the writers still had storylines involving his character , leading to their decision to have Bell possess Olivia 's body . `` Stowaway '' first aired in the United States on March 18 , 2011 to an estimated 3.8 million viewers and a 1.3 ratings share for adults aged between 18 and 49 . This was the series ' lowest ratings share for adults up to that point . Reviews of the episode were generally positive , as multiple critics praised Anna Torv 's Nimoy impression as well as Joshua Jackson 's reaction to it . ", "`` Mortal Coil '' is the twelfth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Voyager , the 80th episode overall . The episode originally aired on December 17 , 1997 on the UPN network . Directed by Allan Kroeker , it was written by Bryan Fuller , and produced by Kenneth Biller and Joe Menosky . Set in the 24th century , the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet and Maquis crew of the starship USS Voyager after they were stranded in the Delta Quadrant far from the rest of the Federation . In this episode , it deals with a starring character 's death , resurrection , and crisis of faith . ", "`` Static '' is episode 56 of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone . It originally aired on March 10 , 1961 on CBS . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Athens", "Physics", "City", "Ancient_Corinth", "History_of_Columbia_University" ]

[ "Athens -LRB- -LSB- ˈæθᵻnz -RSB- Αθήνα , Athína -LSB- aˈθina -RSB- , Ἀθῆναι , Athênai -RRB- is the capital and largest city of Greece . It dominates the Attica region and is one of the world 's oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years , and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus , which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens . A centre for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . In 2012 , Athens was ranked the world 's 39th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study . Athens is recognised as a global city because of its location and its importance in shipping , finance , commerce , media , entertainment , arts , international trade , culture , education and tourism . It is one of the biggest economic centres in southeastern Europe , with a large financial sector , and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe and the second largest in the world . The municipality -LRB- city -RRB- of Athens had a population of 664,046 -LRB- in 2011 -RRB- within its administrative limits , and a land area of 38.96 km2 . The urban area of Athens -LRB- Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus -RRB- extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits , with a population of 3,090,508 -LRB- in 2011 -RRB- over an area of 412 km2 . According to Eurostat in 2011 , the functional urban area -LRB- FUA -RRB- of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union -LRB- the 6th most populous capital city of the EU -RRB- , with a population of 3,828,000 . Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland . The heritage of the classical era is still evident in the city , represented by ancient monuments and works of art , the most famous of all being the Parthenon , considered a key landmark of early Western civilization . The city also retains Roman and Byzantine monuments , as well as a smaller number of Ottoman monuments . Athens is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites , the Acropolis of Athens and the medieval Daphni Monastery . Landmarks of the modern era , dating back to the establishment of Athens as the capital of the independent Greek state in 1834 , include the Hellenic Parliament and the so-called `` architectural trilogy of Athens '' , consisting of the National Library of Greece , the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Academy of Athens . Athens is also home to several museums and cultural institutions , such as the National Archeological Museum , featuring the world 's largest collection of ancient Greek antiquities , the Acropolis Museum , the Museum of Cycladic Art , the Benaki Museum and the Byzantine and Christian Museum . Athens was the host city of the first modern-day Olympic Games in 1896 , and 108 years later it welcomed home the 2004 Summer Olympics . ", "Physics -LRB- from -LSB- φυσική , phusikḗ -LRB- epistḗmē -RRB- , knowledge of nature -RSB- , from φύσις phúsis `` nature '' -RRB- is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion and behavior through space and time , along with related concepts such as energy and force . One of the most fundamental scientific disciplines , the main goal of physics is to understand how the universe behaves . Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines , perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy . Over the last two millennia , physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry , biology , and certain branches of mathematics , but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century , the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right . Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research , such as biophysics and quantum chemistry , and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined . New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy . Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs . For example , advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society , such as television , computers , domestic appliances , and nuclear weapons ; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization , and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus . The United Nations named 2005 the World Year of Physics . ", "A city is a large and permanent human settlement . Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings , many cities have special administrative , legal , or historical status based on local law . Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation , utilities , land usage , housing , and transportation . The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses , sometimes benefiting both parties in the process , but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth . A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs . Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas , creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment . Once a city expands far enough to reach another city , this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis . Damascus is arguably the oldest city in the world . In terms of population , the largest city proper is Shanghai , while the fastest-growing is Dubai . ", "Corinth -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɔrɪnθ -RSB- Κόρινθος Kórinthos -RRB- was a city-state -LRB- polis -RRB- on the Isthmus of Corinth , the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnese to the mainland of Greece , roughly halfway between Athens and Sparta . The modern town of Corinth is located approximately 5 km northeast of the ancient ruins . Since 1896 , systematic archaeological investigations of the Corinth Excavations by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens have revealed large parts of the ancient city , and recent excavations conducted by the Greek Ministry of Culture have brought to light important new facets of antiquity . For Christians , Corinth is well-known from the two letters of Saint Paul in the New Testament , First Corinthians and Second Corinthians . Corinth is also mentioned in the Book of Acts as part of the Apostle Paul 's missionary travels . In addition , the second book of Pausanias ' Description of Greece is devoted to Corinth . Ancient Corinth was one of the largest and most important cities of Greece , with a population of 90,000 in 400 BC . The Romans demolished Corinth in 146 BC , built a new city in its place in 44 BC , and later made it the provincial capital of Greece . ", "Columbia University in New York City , United States , was founded in 1754 as King 's College by royal charter of King George II of England . It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States . The period leading up to the school 's founding was marked in controversy , with various groups competing to determine its location and religious affiliation . Advocates of New York City met with success on the first point , while the Church of England prevailed on the latter . However , all constituencies agreed to commit themselves to principles of religious liberty in establishing the policies of the College . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Freddie_Highmore", "Norman_Bates", "Cy_Chadwick", "Simon_Bates", "Colin_Edwynn" ]

[ "Alfred Thomas `` Freddie '' Highmore -LRB- born 14 February 1992 -RRB- is an English actor . He made his acting debut in the comedy film Women Talking Dirty -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and has since starred in Finding Neverland -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Five Children and It -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Arthur and the Invisibles -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , August Rush -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , The Spiderwick Chronicles -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Toast -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and The Art of Getting By -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . He won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer in two consecutive years -LRB- 2004 -- 2005 -RRB- . For five seasons , Highmore starred as Norman Bates in the A&E drama-thriller series Bates Motel -LRB- 2013 -- 2017 -RRB- , for which he was twice nominated for the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series . In 2017 , he won a People 's Choice Award for his performance . ", "Norman Bates is a fictional character created by Robert Bloch as the main antagonist in his 1959 novel Psycho , and portrayed by Anthony Perkins in the 1960 film of the same name directed by Alfred Hitchcock and its sequels , and by Freddie Highmore in the television series Bates Motel . The character was inspired by Wisconsin murderer Ed Gein . ", "Cy Chadwick -LRB- born 2 June 1969 -RRB- is an English actor , director , producer , and presenter . His most notable acting role was of Nick Bates in 205 episodes of the long-running British soap Emmerdale Farm between 1985 and 1996 . A year after leaving the series , Leeds-born Chadwick rejoined ITV Yorkshire as a director . As a freelance television producer , Chadwick co-founded the production company `` ATypical Media '' . He works for BBC Entertainment and is directing and producing the Young Professionals of the Year series for the BBC Three . Cy has recently returned to a role in front of the camera , playing Peter Stringfellow in the forthcoming TV Drama , The String , to be broadcast on ITV3 . ", "Simon Philip Bates -LRB- born 17 December 1946 in Birmingham -RRB- is an English disc jockey and radio presenter . Between 1976 and 1993 he worked at BBC Radio 1 , presenting the station 's weekday mid-morning show for most of this period . He later became a regular presenter on Classic FM . He hosted the breakfast show on Smooth Radio from January 2011 until March 2014 , and took on the same role at BBC Radio Devon from January 2015 . ", "Colin Edwynn is an actor who appeared as PC Jimmy Conway in the British television soap opera Coronation Street between 1967 and 1972 . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Linkin_Park", "Reanimation_-LRB-Linkin_Park_album-RRB-", "One_More_Light", "South_Park_-LRB-season_6-RRB-", "Hybrid_Theory" ]

[ "Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills , California . Formed in 1996 , the band rose to international fame with their debut album Hybrid Theory -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , which was certified diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-platinum in several other countries . Their following studio album Meteora continued the band 's success , topping the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003 , and was followed by extensive touring and charity work around the world . In 2003 , MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium . Billboard ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart . In 2012 , the band was voted as the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1 . In 2014 , the band was declared as the Biggest Rock Band in the World Right Now by Kerrang ! . Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in Hybrid Theory and Meteora , the band explored other genres in their next studio album , Minutes to Midnight -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . The album topped the Billboard charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year . The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album , A Thousand Suns -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , layering their music with more electronic sounds and beats . Their fifth album , Living Things -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , combines musical elements from all of their previous records . Their sixth album , The Hunting Party -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , returned to a heavier rock sound . Their seventh album One More Light , a more electronic and pop-oriented record , was released on May 19 , 2017 . The band has collaborated with several other artists , including rapper Jay Z in their mashup EP Collision Course , and many others on the remix albums Reanimation and Recharged . Linkin Park has sold over 70 million albums worldwide and has won two Grammy Awards . ", "Reanimation is the first remix album by American rock band Linkin Park as a follow-up to their first studio album , Hybrid Theory , and released on July 30 , 2002 . Recorded during the Hybrid Theory tour in 2001 , it features remixes of songs from Hybrid Theory , including the album 's bonus tracks . The remix album was produced by Mike Shinoda and mixed by Mark `` Spike '' Stent . ", "One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released on May 19 , 2017 through Warner Bros. . Records and Machine Shop , following the 2014 album The Hunting Party . The album 's first single , `` Heavy '' was released on March 16 , 2017 . It is their first album with a title track . In deciding on the title track , they felt that the song `` One More Light '' was the heart of the album . The album features guest vocal appearances from Pusha T , Stormzy , and Kiiara , and production and songwriting collaborations with Julia Michaels , Justin Tranter , Ross Golan , Andrew Goldstein , blackbear , and Eg White . Acoustic performances of the lead single by Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda helped promote One More Light . A few of them included performances with Kiiara , Waxx , and Sofia Karlberg . ", "Season six of South Park , an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone , began airing on March 6 , 2002 . The sixth season concluded after 17 episodes on December 11 , 2002 . This season is notable for being the only one without Kenny as a main character , as he was written off in the previous season . Kenny , however , plays a part in some episodes without appearing and returns at the conclusion of the final episode . ", "Hybrid Theory is the debut studio album by American rock band Linkin Park , released on October 24 , 2000 through Warner Bros. . Records . The album was a huge commercial success , having been certified Diamond for sales of over 11 million units in the United States alone as of 2010 , peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 , and also reaching high positions on other charts worldwide . Recorded at NRG Recordings in North Hollywood , California , and produced by Don Gilmore , the album 's lyrical themes deal with problems lead vocalist Chester Bennington experienced during his adolescence , including drug abuse and the constant fighting and divorce of his parents . Hybrid Theory takes its title from the previous name of the band as well as the concept of music theory and combining different styles . Four singles were released from the album : `` One Step Closer '' , `` Crawling '' , `` Papercut '' , and `` In the End '' , all of them being responsible for launching Linkin Park into mainstream popularity . While `` In the End '' was the most successful of the four , all of the singles in the album remain some of the band 's most successful songs to date . Although `` Runaway '' , `` Points of Authority '' , and `` My December '' from the special edition bonus disc album were not released as singles , they were minor hits on alternative rock radio stations thanks to the success of all of the band 's singles and the album . At the 2002 Grammy Awards , Hybrid Theory was nominated for Best Rock Album . The album is listed in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die . It was ranked # 11 on Billboard '' 's 200 Albums of the Decade . A special edition of Hybrid Theory was released March 11 , 2002 , a year and a half after its original pressing . Hybrid Theory '' has sold 25 million copies worldwide , which makes it the best selling debut album of the 21st century . Linkin Park performed the album in its entirety at the Download Festival on June 14 , 2014 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Linkin_Park", "Reanimation_-LRB-Linkin_Park_album-RRB-", "One_More_Light", "South_Park_-LRB-season_6-RRB-", "Hybrid_Theory" ]

[ "Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills , California . Formed in 1996 , the band rose to international fame with their debut album Hybrid Theory -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , which was certified diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-platinum in several other countries . Their following studio album Meteora continued the band 's success , topping the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003 , and was followed by extensive touring and charity work around the world . In 2003 , MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium . Billboard ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart . In 2012 , the band was voted as the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1 . In 2014 , the band was declared as the Biggest Rock Band in the World Right Now by Kerrang ! . Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in Hybrid Theory and Meteora , the band explored other genres in their next studio album , Minutes to Midnight -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . The album topped the Billboard charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year . The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album , A Thousand Suns -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , layering their music with more electronic sounds and beats . Their fifth album , Living Things -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , combines musical elements from all of their previous records . Their sixth album , The Hunting Party -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , returned to a heavier rock sound . Their seventh album One More Light , a more electronic and pop-oriented record , was released on May 19 , 2017 . The band has collaborated with several other artists , including rapper Jay Z in their mashup EP Collision Course , and many others on the remix albums Reanimation and Recharged . Linkin Park has sold over 70 million albums worldwide and has won two Grammy Awards . ", "Reanimation is the first remix album by American rock band Linkin Park as a follow-up to their first studio album , Hybrid Theory , and released on July 30 , 2002 . Recorded during the Hybrid Theory tour in 2001 , it features remixes of songs from Hybrid Theory , including the album 's bonus tracks . The remix album was produced by Mike Shinoda and mixed by Mark `` Spike '' Stent . ", "One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released on May 19 , 2017 through Warner Bros. . Records and Machine Shop , following the 2014 album The Hunting Party . The album 's first single , `` Heavy '' was released on March 16 , 2017 . It is their first album with a title track . In deciding on the title track , they felt that the song `` One More Light '' was the heart of the album . The album features guest vocal appearances from Pusha T , Stormzy , and Kiiara , and production and songwriting collaborations with Julia Michaels , Justin Tranter , Ross Golan , Andrew Goldstein , blackbear , and Eg White . Acoustic performances of the lead single by Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda helped promote One More Light . A few of them included performances with Kiiara , Waxx , and Sofia Karlberg . ", "Season six of South Park , an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone , began airing on March 6 , 2002 . The sixth season concluded after 17 episodes on December 11 , 2002 . This season is notable for being the only one without Kenny as a main character , as he was written off in the previous season . Kenny , however , plays a part in some episodes without appearing and returns at the conclusion of the final episode . ", "Hybrid Theory is the debut studio album by American rock band Linkin Park , released on October 24 , 2000 through Warner Bros. . Records . The album was a huge commercial success , having been certified Diamond for sales of over 11 million units in the United States alone as of 2010 , peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 , and also reaching high positions on other charts worldwide . Recorded at NRG Recordings in North Hollywood , California , and produced by Don Gilmore , the album 's lyrical themes deal with problems lead vocalist Chester Bennington experienced during his adolescence , including drug abuse and the constant fighting and divorce of his parents . Hybrid Theory takes its title from the previous name of the band as well as the concept of music theory and combining different styles . Four singles were released from the album : `` One Step Closer '' , `` Crawling '' , `` Papercut '' , and `` In the End '' , all of them being responsible for launching Linkin Park into mainstream popularity . While `` In the End '' was the most successful of the four , all of the singles in the album remain some of the band 's most successful songs to date . Although `` Runaway '' , `` Points of Authority '' , and `` My December '' from the special edition bonus disc album were not released as singles , they were minor hits on alternative rock radio stations thanks to the success of all of the band 's singles and the album . At the 2002 Grammy Awards , Hybrid Theory was nominated for Best Rock Album . The album is listed in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die . It was ranked # 11 on Billboard '' 's 200 Albums of the Decade . A special edition of Hybrid Theory was released March 11 , 2002 , a year and a half after its original pressing . Hybrid Theory '' has sold 25 million copies worldwide , which makes it the best selling debut album of the 21st century . Linkin Park performed the album in its entirety at the Download Festival on June 14 , 2014 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "American_Library_Association", "OCLC", "Phillips_Exeter_Academy_Library", "Auckland_Libraries", "American_Health_Information_Management_Association" ]

[ "The American Library Association -LRB- ALA -RRB- is a nonprofit organization based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally . It is the oldest and largest library association in the world , with more than 62,000 members . ", "OCLC , currently incorporated as OCLC Online Computer Library Center , Incorporated , is an American nonprofit cooperative organization `` dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the world 's information and reducing information costs '' . It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center . OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat , the largest online public access catalog -LRB- OPAC -RRB- in the world . OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries have to pay for its services -LRB- around $ 200 million annually -RRB- . ", "The Phillips Exeter Academy Library in Exeter , New Hampshire , U.S. , with 160,000 volumes on nine levels and a shelf capacity of 250,000 volumes , is the largest secondary school library in the world . It is part of the Phillips Exeter Academy , an independent boarding school . When it became clear in the 1950s that the library had outgrown its existing building , the school initially hired an architect who proposed a traditional design for the new building . Deciding instead to construct a library with a contemporary design , the school gave the commission to Louis Kahn in 1965 . In 1997 the library received the Twenty-five Year Award from the American Institute of Architects , an award that recognizes architecture of enduring significance that is given to no more than one building per year . Kahn structured the library in three concentric square rings . The outer ring , which is built of load-bearing brick , includes all four exterior walls and the library carrel spaces immediately inside them . The middle ring , which is built of reinforced concrete , holds the heavy book stacks . The inner ring is a dramatic atrium with enormous circular openings in its walls that reveal several floors of book stacks . ", "Auckland Libraries is the public library system for the Auckland Region of New Zealand . It was created when the seven separate councils in the Auckland region merged in 2010 . It is currently the largest public library network in the Southern Hemisphere with 55 branches from Wellsford to Waiuku . ", "The American Health Information Management Association -LRB- AHIMA -RRB- is a professional association for health professionals involved in the health information management needed to deliver quality health care to the public . Traditionally focused mainly on hospitals and paper medical records , the field presently covers all health information technology systems , including electronic health records , clinical decision support systems , and so on , for all segments of health care . As of 2013 , the association has more than 71,000 members in four membership classifications . Each member subsequently belongs to a relevant state chapter . The Journal of AHIMA has a circulation of 61,000 and publishes both peer-reviewed and non -- peer-reviewed articles . The association 's women-majority membership is a testament to women 's strong participation in the profession . AHIMA describes its foundation as a sister organization to the Association for Healthcare Documentation Integrity -LRB- AHDI -RRB- and states the foundation has a charitable and educational nature . The foundation 's stated mission is to be the pre-eminent foundation recognized for excellence in health information leadership , policy and research for the healthcare industry and the public . The foundation formulates and issues opinions , supports education , conducts research and compiles its contributions into the AHIMA BoK -LRB- body of knowledge -RRB- . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "GLOW_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "List_of_accolades_received_by_Little_Miss_Sunshine", "Life_in_a_Beautiful_Light", "Health_and_Efficiency_-LRB-EP-RRB-", "A_Pleasant_Shade_of_Gray" ]

[ "GLOW is an upcoming American comedy-drama television series created by Liz Flahive and Carly Mensch . The series revolves around a fictionalization of the characters and gimmicks of the 1980s syndicated women 's professional wrestling circuit , the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling -LRB- or GLOW -RRB- . The first season will consist of 10 episodes . The first season will be released on Netflix on June 23 , 2017 . ", "Little Miss Sunshine received numerous awards and honors from film organizations , film festivals , and critics groups . The 2006 film was commended for its ensemble cast , individual roles , screenplay , and other aspects of the film . ", "Life in a Beautiful Light is the third album by Scottish singer-songwriter Amy Macdonald , released on 11 June 2012 . The lead single is `` Slow It Down '' and was released on 20 April 2012 . Macdonald 's official website confirmed the album for release on 13 April 2012 . The track listing was confirmed on Universal Music 's store on the same day . ", "Health and Efficiency is an EP by English experimental rock band This Heat . It was released in 1980 by record label Piano . ", "A Pleasant Shade of Gray is a concept album by the progressive metal group Fates Warning , released in 1997 . It contains one song divided into twelve parts and is noted for its darker mood and more progressive style . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Lucy_Hale", "Road_Between", "Alisa_Harvey", "American_Teen_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Amanda_Purvis" ]

[ "Karen Lucille Hale -LRB- born June 14 , 1989 -RRB- is an American actress and singer . Earlier in her career , she was sometimes credited as Lucy Kate Hale . Hale first came to prominence as one of the five winners of the reality show American Juniors , a children 's spin off of American Idol . She is best known for her role as Aria Montgomery on the Freeform series Pretty Little Liars , which won her a People 's Choice Award for Favorite Cable TV Actress in 2014 . The same year , she released her debut studio album , Road Between . ", "Road Between is the debut studio album by American actress and singer , Lucy Hale . It was released by DMG Nashville on June 3 , 2014 in America and on June 6 , 2014 in New Zealand and Australia . In December 2014 , Hale is set begin to embark The Road Between Tour , promote the album . However , Hale later announced the tour was cancelled due to her vocal problem . ", "Alisa Harvey -LRB- temporarily Alisa Harvey-Hill ; September 16 , 1965 -RRB- is a female middle distance runner from the United States . Hill set her personal best in the women 's 1,500 meters 4:08.32 on June 26 , 1992 at the United States Olympic Trials -LRB- track and field -RRB- in New Orleans and in the 800 meters 1:59.72 in 1995 . She was ranked in the U.S. top ten in the 1500 meters 8 years in a row from 1986 -- 1993 , achieving number 1 in 1993 . After taking 1994 off for maternity , she returned to the list in 1998 and 1999 . She also made the U.S. list in the 800 metres six times between 1988 and 1996 . In 1998 she became the 24th American woman to break 4:30 for a mile . She is still an active masters competitor , holding several world records and pursuing more as she moves into a new age division . ", "American Teen is a 2008 documentary film directed by Nanette Burstein -LRB- On the Ropes , The Kid Stays in the Picture -RRB- and produced by 57th & Irving . It competed in the Documentary Competition at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , where it received the Directing Award : Documentary . Following the Sundance Film Festival , the movie was picked up by Paramount Vantage and was released to general cinema July 25 , 2008 . Much of the movie was filmed at Warsaw Community High School in Warsaw , Indiana . Director Nanette Burstein originally reviewed more than 100 different schools in the pre-production process , and ten schools replied , agreeing to participate . After she interviewed incoming seniors at all 10 , she chose Warsaw . ", "Amanda Purvis -LRB- born January 12 , 1990 , Kennewick , Washington -RRB- is an American female recurve archer from the United States . Born in Kennewick , Washington , she was coached by Terry Laney . In 2004 , she qualified for a position on the Junior US World Team and competed in the Junior World Archery Championships in Lilleshall , England . In 2006 , she was selected for USA Archery 's Junior Dream Team . In 2006 , she won a position on the Junior US World Team and competed in the Junior World Archery Championships in Merida , Mexico . In 2008 , she was selected to be a Resident Athlete at the United States Olympic Training Center in Chula Vista , California . In 2011 , she married US Olympic archer Jake Kaminski . She currently works coaching and inspiring young archers . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Georges_Gilles_de_la_Tourette", "Jacques_de_la_Faye", "Nausea_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "Le_Lac_-LRB-poem-RRB-", "Charles_Joseph_Marty-Laveaux" ]

[ "Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette -LRB- 30 October 1857 -- 26 May 1904 -RRB- was a French physician and the namesake of Tourette 's syndrome , a neurological condition characterized by physical and verbal tics . He was born in the small town of Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers in the district of Châtellerault , near the city of Loudun . He could be retrospectively classified as a neurologist , but the field did not exist in his time . During 1873 Tourette began medical studies at Poitiers . He later relocated to Paris where he became a student , amanuensis , and house physician of his mentor , the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot , director of the Salpêtrière Hospital . Charcot also helped him to advance in his academic career . Tourette studied and lectured in psychotherapy , hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism -LRB- modern-day hypnosis -RRB- . Tourette described the symptoms of Tourette 's syndrome in nine patients in 1884 , using the name `` maladie des tics '' . Charcot renamed the syndrome `` Gilles de la Tourette 's illness '' in his honor . In 1893 , a former female patient shot Tourette in the head , claiming he had hypnotized her against her will . Both Tourette and many modern hypnologists state that this is impossible . His mentor , Charcot , had died recently , and his young son had also died recently . After these events , Tourette began to experience mood swings between depression and hypomania . Nevertheless , he organized public lectures in which he spoke about literacy , mesmerism and theatre . Tourette published an article on hysteria in the German Army , which angered Bismarck , and a further article about unhygienic conditions in the floating hospitals on the river Thames . With Gabriel Legué he analyzed abbess Jeanne des Anges ' account of her hysteria that was allegedly based on her unrequited love for a priest Urbain Grandier , who was later burned for witchcraft . Around 1902 , Tourette 's condition worsened and he was dismissed from his post . Gilles de la Tourette died on 26 May 1904 in a psychiatric hospital in Lausanne , Switzerland . ", "Jacques de la Faye was a 17th-18th century French writer whose Defensio Religionis -LRB- ' `` Defense of Religion ' -RRB- a 251-page critique of the pantheism of John Toland , was published at Utrecht in 1709 . De la Faye 's was the first recorded use of the word , `` pantheism '' . ", "Nausea -LRB- La Nausée -RRB- is a philosophical novel by the existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre , published in 1938 . It is Sartre 's first novel and , in his opinion , one of his best works . The novel takes place in ` Bouville ' -LRB- literally , ` Mud town ' -RRB- a town similar to Le Havre , and it concerns a dejected historian , who becomes convinced that inanimate objects and situations encroach on his ability to define himself , on his intellectual and spiritual freedom , evoking in the protagonist a sense of nausea . French writer Simone de Beauvoir , Sartre 's lifelong partner , claims that La Nausée grants consciousness a remarkable independence and gives reality the full weight of its sense . It is one of the canonical works of existentialism . Sartre was awarded , though he ultimately declined , the Nobel Prize for literature in 1964 . The Nobel Foundation recognized him `` for his work which , rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth , has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age . '' Sartre was one of the few people to have declined the award , referring to it as merely a function of a bourgeois institution . The novel has been translated into English at least twice , by Lloyd Alexander as `` The Diary of Antoine Roquentin '' -LRB- John Lehmann , 1949 -RRB- and by Robert Baldick as `` Nausea '' -LRB- Penguin Books , 1965 -RRB- . ", "Le Lac -LRB- English : The Lake -RRB- is one of the most famous poems of Lamartine , in the Méditations poétiques published in 1820 . Julie Charles , -LRB- the wife of the famous physician Jacques Charles -RRB- , was a person Lamartine admired . The poet 's muse had n't been able to come to the Lac du Bourget -LRB- locale of many previous encounters -RRB- in August 1817 , where they had planned to meet again ; mortally ill with tuberculosis , she died soon thereafter . Lamartine returned to the lake alone to see again the places they had visited together . Surprised to find the natural setting unchanged and indifferent , he wished it could preserve some memory of their past happiness . The poet sighs at the memory of a star-lit night on the lake with his muse , and laments the onrush of time that relentlessly carries one away from such happy moments . Consisting of sixteen quatrains , it met with great acclaim and propelled its author to the front ranks of romantic poets . The poem is often compared to the Tristesse d'Olympio of Victor Hugo and to the Souvenir of Alfred de Musset . It was set to music by Niedermeyer . ", "Charles Joseph Marty-Laveaux -LRB- 13 April 1823 , Paris -- 11 July 1899 , Vitry-sur-Seine -RRB- was a French literary scholar . He is best known for his La Pléiade Française , a long series of editions of the poets of La Pléiade . He also edited Corneille 's works -LRB- 1862 -- 68 -RRB- . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Levoamphetamine", "Levoleucovorin", "Enzyme_multiplied_immunoassay_technique", "DiFMDA", "4-Iodopropofol" ]

[ "Levoamphetamine , also known as levamfetamine -LRB- INN -RRB- , -LRB- R -RRB- - amphetamine , - amphetamine , and L-amphetamine , is a central nervous system -LRB- CNS -RRB- stimulant known to increase wakefulness and concentration in association with decreased appetite and fatigue . Pharmaceuticals that contain levoamphetamine are currently indicated and prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder -LRB- ADHD -RRB- , obesity , and narcolepsy in some countries . Levoamphetamine is the levorotatory stereoisomer of the amphetamine molecule . ", "Levoleucovorin is the enantiomerically active form of Folinic acid . A study from authors at Georgetown University have shown that there is no safety or efficacy benefit to levoleucovorin . ", "Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique -LRB- EMIT -RRB- is a common method for qualitative and quantitative determination of therapeutic and recreational drugs and certain proteins in serum and urine . It is an immunoassay in which a drug or metabolite in the sample competes with an drug/metabolite labelled with an enzyme , to bind to an antibody . The more drug there is in the sample , the more free enzyme there will be , and the increased enzyme activity causes a change in color . Determination of drug levels in serum is particularly important when the difference in the concentrations needed to produce a therapeutic effect and adverse side reactions is small , the therapeutic window . EMIT therapeutic drug monitoring tests provide accurate information about the concentration of such drugs such as immunosuppressant drugs and some antibiotics . EMIT urine assays for drugs such as cannabinoids , morphine , and amphetamine are designed to detect the drug itself or a metabolite of the drug present in a concentration above a pre-specified minimum detection cutoff limit . In the U.S. , the cutoff limits must be set in accordance with Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs that were developed by SAMHSA -LRB- The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration is a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services -RRB- . The setting of reasonable cutoff limits help reduce false positive results that occur from assay limitations . Because of the social and legal consequences , a positive test result must be confirmed by an alternative method , usually Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry . As an example the SAMHSA cutoffs for cannabinoids are 50 ng/ml for the immunoassay and 15 ng/ml as confirmed by GC/MS . Immunoassays that do not conform with SAMHSA , featuring a cutoff of 20 ng/ml , have been shown to produce false positives from passive inhalation of marijuana smoke . ", "Difluoromethylenedioxyamphetamine -LRB- DiFMDA -RRB- is a substituted derivative of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -LRB- MDA -RRB- , which was developed by Daniel Trachsel and coworkers , along with the corresponding fluorinated derivatives of MDMA , MDEA , BDB and MBDB , with the aim of finding a non-neurotoxic drug able to be used as a less harmful substitute for entactogenic drugs such as MDMA . Since a major route of the normal metabolism of these compounds is scission of the methylenedioxy ring , producing neurotoxic metabolites such as alpha-methyldopamine , it was hoped that the difluoromethylenedioxy bioisostere would show increased metabolic stability and less toxicity . These compounds have not yet been tested in animals to verify whether they show similar pharmacological activity to the non-fluorinated parent compounds , although in vitro binding studies show DFMDA to have a SERT affinity in between that of MDA and MDMA . However , there is known to be a lack of bulk tolerance at this position of the molecule , shown by the generally reduced activity of the ethylidenedioxy and isopropylidenedioxy analogues . It is also now generally accepted that MDMA neurotoxicity results from a variety of different causes and is not solely due to accumulation of alpha-methyldopamine , making it unclear how much less neurotoxic DFMDA and related drugs would be in practice . ", "4-Iodopropofol is a drug derived from the commonly used sedative anaesthetic agent , propofol . 4-Iodopropofol has similar effects to propofol on isolated receptors , acting primarily as a GABAA positive modulator and sodium channel blocker , but when given to animals it has only anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects , lacking the strong sedative-hypnotic profile of propofol . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Gaius_Julius_Caesar_-LRB-proconsul-RRB-", "Benjamin_Caesar", "Gaius_Julius_Cornutus_Tertullus_the_Younger", "Gaius_Julius_Victor", "Lucius_Appuleius" ]

[ "Gaius Julius Caesar -LRB- ca. 130 BC -- 85 BC -RRB- was a Roman senator , a supporter of his brother-in-law , Gaius Marius , and the father of Gaius Julius Caesar , the dictator . Caesar was married to Aurelia Cotta , a member of the Aurelii and Rutilii families . They had two daughters , known as Julia Major and Julia Minor , and a son , Gaius , who was born in 100 BC . He was the brother of Sextus Julius Caesar -LRB- consul in 91 BC -RRB- and the son of Gaius Julius Caesar . Caesar 's progress through the cursus honorum is well known , although the specific dates associated with his offices are controversial . According to two elogia erected in Rome long after his death , Caesar was a commissioner in the colony at Cercina , military tribune , quaestor , praetor , and proconsul of Asia . The dates of these offices are unclear . The colony is probably one of Marius ' of 103 BC . Broughton dated the praetorship to 92 BC , with the quaestorship falling towards the beginning of the 90s BC . Brennan has dated the praetorship to the beginning of the decade . Caesar died suddenly in 85 BC , in Rome , while putting on his shoes one morning . Another Caesar , possibly his father , had died similarly in Pisa . His father had seen to his education by one of the best orators of Rome , Marcus Antonius Gnipho . In his will , he left Caesar the bulk of his estate , but after Marius 's faction had been defeated in the civil war of the 80s BC , this inheritance was confiscated by the dictator Sulla . ", "Benjamin Julius Caesar -LRB- born 12 March 1797 at Peper Harrow , Surrey ; died 1867 at Guildford , Surrey -RRB- was an English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1824 to 1830 . He was mainly associated with Godalming Cricket Club and Surrey and made 11 known appearances in first-class matches . He was the father of Julius Caesar . ", "Gaius Julius Cornutus Tertullus was a prominent Roman citizen , the son of Gaius Julius Cornutus Tertullus though the identity of his mother is unknown . He was born and raised in Perga , the capital of the Roman province of Pamphylia . Unfortunately very little is known on him . This Tertullus married a Roman woman from Perga called Plancia Magna , who was a prominent citizen and patron of Perga . Magna was the daughter of Roman Senator and Proconsul Marcus Plancius Varus and Herodian Princess Julia . Tertullus and Magna had a son and only child called Gaius Julius Plancius Varus Cornutus . ", "Gaius Julius Victor -LRB- 4th century -RRB- was a Roman writer of rhetoric , possibly of Gaulish origin . His extant manual is of some importance as facilitating the textual criticism of Quintilian , whom he closely follows in many places . ", "For others with this name , see Appuleia -LRB- gens -RRB- Lucius Appuleius -LRB- fl . 4th century BCE -RRB- was a man of ancient Rome who served as Tribune of the Plebs in 391 BCE . He impeached Marcus Furius Camillus for having secreted part of the spoils of war against the rival Etrurian city of Veii in 406 . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Vera_Wang", "Vera_Biryukova", "Wang_Xiaohong", "Vera_Burt", "Wang_Yao-lin" ]

[ "Vera Ellen Wang -LRB- , -LSB- u̯ɑ̌ŋ u̯éɪ̯u̯éɪ̯ -RSB- ; born June 27 , 1949 -RRB- is an American fashion designer based in New York City . ", "Vera Leonidovna Biryukova -LRB- Вера Леонидовна Бирюкова born 11 April 1998 in Omsk , Omsk Oblast , Russia -RRB- is a Russian group rhythmic gymnast . She was member of the 2016 Olympics Group all-around champion . ", "Wang Xiaohong -LRB- ; born November 20 , 1968 in Changzhou , Jiangsu -RRB- is a female Chinese swimmer . She competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for her native country , starting in 1988 . She won the silver medal in the women 's 200m butterfly event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , Spain . ", "Vera Burt -LRB- born 14 January 1927 -RRB- is a New Zealand former cricketer . She played in three Test matches between 1948 and 1969 . ", "Wang Yao-lin -LRB- ; born February 5 , 1991 -RRB- is a Taiwanese baseball player . He is the older brother of Wei-Chung Wang . He represented Taiwan at the 2013 World Baseball Classic . Wang was released by the Chicago Cubs in January 2015 . Later that season , he signed with the Lamigo Monkeys of the Chinese Professional Baseball League . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Birmingham", "City_College,_Birmingham", "Martineau_Galleries", "Worcester_and_Birmingham_Canal", "Deritend" ]

[ "Birmingham -LRB- -LSB- ˈbɜːmɪŋəm -RSB- -RRB- is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands , England . It is the largest and most populous British city outside London , with a population of 1,101,360 in 2014 . A medium-sized market town in the medieval period , Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution , which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide advances in science , technology , and economic development , producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society . By 1791 it was being hailed as `` the first manufacturing town in the world '' . Birmingham 's distinctive economic profile , with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades , encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century . Perhaps the most important invention in British history , the industrial steam engine , was invented in Birmingham . Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism , that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London , and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy . From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943 , Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz . The damage done to the city 's infrastructure , in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners , led to extensive demolition and redevelopment in subsequent decades . Today Birmingham 's economy is dominated by the service sector . The city is a major international commercial centre , ranked as a gamma + world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ; and an important transport , retail , events and conference hub . Its metropolitan economy is the second largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $ 121.1 bn -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and its six universities make it the largest centre of higher education in the country outside London . Birmingham 's major cultural institutions -- including the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra , the Birmingham Royal Ballet , the Birmingham Repertory Theatre , the Library of Birmingham and the Barber Institute of Fine Arts -- enjoy international reputations , and the city has vibrant and influential grassroots art , music , literary and culinary scenes . Birmingham is the fourth-most visited city in the UK by foreign visitors . Birmingham 's sporting heritage can be felt worldwide , with the concept of the Football League and lawn tennis both originating from the city . Its most successful football club Aston Villa has won seven league titles and one European Cup with the other professional club being Birmingham City . People from Birmingham are called Brummies , a term derived from the city 's nickname of Brum . This originates from the city 's dialect name , Brummagem , which may in turn have been derived from one of the city 's earlier names , Bromwicham . There is a distinctive Brummie accent and dialect . ", "City College Birmingham has now merged with South Birmingham College to form South & City College Birmingham . South & City College Birmingham is a further education establishment in Birmingham , England . Providing full-time and part-time courses . Category : Further education colleges in Birmingham , West Midlands Category : Educational institutions established in 1998 Category :1998 establishments in England ", "Martineau Galleries is a proposed mixed-use development for Birmingham , England which is mothballed until at least spring 2014 . It connects the Eastside to the city centre core , a major retail area . ", "The Worcester and Birmingham Canal is a canal linking Birmingham and Worcester in England . It starts in Worcester , as an ` offshoot ' of the River Severn -LRB- just after the river lock -RRB- and ends in Gas Street Basin in Birmingham . It is 29 mi long . There are 58 locks in total on the canal , including the 30 Tardebigge Locks , one of the largest lock flights in Europe . The canal climbs 428 ft from Worcester to Birmingham . ", "Deritend is a historic area of Birmingham , England , built around a crossing point of the River Rea . It is first mentioned in 1276 . Today Deritend is usually considered to be part of Digbeth . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Raja_Hindustani", "Dharmesh_Darshan", "A_Throw_of_Dice", "Tomchi", "Barsaat_-LRB-1995_film-RRB-" ]

[ "Raja Hindustani -LRB- translation : Indian King -RRB- is a 1996 Indian blockbuster Hindi-language drama romance film directed by Dharmesh Darshan . It tells the story of a cab driver hailing from a small town , who falls in love with a rich girl . Aamir Khan and Karisma Kapoor play the lead roles . Released on 15 November 1996 , it is a remake of the 1965 Hindi film Jab Jab Phool Khile starring Shashi Kapoor and Nanda . The film 's music is composed by Nadeem-Shravan with lyrics by Sameer . The film went on to win five Filmfare Awards including the awards for Best film and Best Actors , and seven Screen Awards . Raja Hindustani was the third most commercially successful Hindi film of the 1990s . Made on a budget of 57.5 million , the film went on to gross 763.4 million worldwide , becoming the highest-grossing film of the year . The film 's music became popular and was successful especially in central and eastern states of India . Karisma Kapoor was complimented for her looks and performance as Aarti , a rich beautiful sensitive young girl full of dreams and desires . She won the Filmfare Best Actress Award for her role . The film was remade in Kannada as Naanu Naane in 2002 starring Upendra and Sakshi Shivanand in lead roles . The distribution rights are now owned by Red Chillies Entertainment . ", "Dharmesh Darshan -LRB- full name Dharmesh Darshan Sabharwal -RRB- is an Indian filmmaker , film director and writer who works in Bollywood . ", "A Throw of Dice -LRB- Prapancha Pash -RRB- is a 1929 silent film by German-born director Franz Osten , based on an episode from the Indian epic The Mahabharata . Osten made 19 films in India between 1926 and 1939 , and A Throw of Dice formed the final part of a trilogy of Indo-German productions by Osten and Indian actor-producer Himanshu Rai , the other two being Prem Sanyas -LRB- 1925 -RRB- and Shiraz -LRB- 1928 -RRB- . After a gap , Osten returned to India , and worked on Bombay Talkies with Rai . During the production of Kangan -LRB- The Bangle -RRB- in 1939 , Osten , a member of the Nazi Party , was arrested by British colonial officials , and was incarcerated until the end of the Second World War . A Throw of Dice has been in the British Film Institute -LRB- BFI -RRB- 's archives since 1945 , though rarely seen . In 2006 , in honour of the 60th anniversary of Indian independence , the film was digitally restored , then re-released at the Luminato Festival in Toronto , Ontario , Canada , on 13 June 2008 , with a new orchestral score by British Indian composer Nitin Sawhney . The United States release occurred on 30 July 2008 during the Grant Park Music Festival at the Jay Pritzker Pavilion in Chicago , Illinois . ", "Tomchi -LRB- Hindi : टोमची -RRB- is a 2014 Bollywood children film directed by Rajesh Gupta under the banner of Tulsi Production in association with Star buzz , starring Yashpal Sharma , Vrajesh Hirjee , Rati Agnihotri , Mahesh Thakur , Narendra Bedi , Upasana Singh , Kurush Deboo , Sheetal Shah , Swati Aggarwal and child artist Faiza Thakur , Azaan Shah , Shubham Sharma , Yana Mistry , Azaan Khan , Adeeb Hussain , Alam Khan , Haitvi Parek.Film 's Music Done By Anand Raj Anand ; Guest Composer : Ritesh Bhoyar ; Lyrics by Narendra Bedi , Ritesh Bhoyar , Akhilesh , Manoj And Background Music Composed By Puneet Dixit . ", "Barsaat -LRB- English : Rain -RRB- is a 1995 Hindi romantic film which was the debut of Bobby Deol -LRB- son of veteran actor Dharmendra -RRB- and Twinkle Khanna -LRB- daughter of late actor Rajesh Khanna -RRB- . The film was directed by Rajkumar Santoshi . The movie was initially titled Jaan , later changed to Meri Jeet then Jeet and then Satwa Asmaan , before the Deols settled on Barsaat . Incidentally , after 10 years , actor Bobby Deol worked in same movie title Barsaat -LRB- 2005 film -RRB- " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Kevin_Bacon", "The_Woodsman_-LRB-2004_film-RRB-", "Hollow_Man", "Sleepers", "Kevin_J._O'Connor_-LRB-actor-RRB-" ]

[ "Kevin Norwood Bacon -LRB- born July 8 , 1958 -RRB- is an American actor and musician . His notable films include musical-drama film Footloose -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , the controversial historical conspiracy legal thriller JFK -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , the legal drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the historical docudrama Apollo 13 -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , and the mystery drama Mystic River -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . Bacon is also known for taking on darker roles such as that of a sadistic guard in Sleepers and troubled former child abuser in a critically acclaimed performance in The Woodsman . Also on television , he starred in the Fox series The Following from 2013 to 2015 . Bacon has won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award . The Guardian named him one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination . In 2003 , Bacon received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry . Bacon has become an icon for the concept of interconnectedness -LRB- as in social networks -RRB- , having been popularized by the game `` Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon '' . In 2007 , he created SixDegrees.org , a charitable foundation . ", "The Woodsman is a 2004 drama film directed and co-written -LRB- with Steven Fechter -RRB- by Nicole Kassell , based on Fechter 's play of the same name . The movie stars Kevin Bacon as a convicted child molester who must adjust to life after prison . The movie 's name refers to the woodsman from the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood who kills the wolf to save the titular child . ", "Hollow Man is a 2000 American-German science fiction horror film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Kevin Bacon , Elisabeth Shue and Josh Brolin . Bacon portrays the title character , a scientist who renders himself invisible and goes on a killing spree , a story inspired by H. G. Wells ' novel The Invisible Man . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Visual Effects in 2001 , but lost to Gladiator . The film is Verhoeven 's most recent American production . In 2013 , Verhoeven remarked to The Hollywood Reporter : `` I decided after Hollow Man , this is a movie , the first movie that I made that I thought I should not have made . It made money and this and that , but it really is not me anymore . I think many other people could have done that . I do n't think many people could have made RoboCop that way , or either Starship Troopers . But Hollow Man , I thought there might have been 20 directors in Hollywood who could have done that . I felt depressed with myself after 2002 . '' It partly contributed in his return to the Netherlands , his home country , where he made Black Book in 2006 , which was considered a return to form . A direct-to-video stand-alone sequel called Hollow Man 2 starring Christian Slater and Peter Facinelli was released in 2006 . ", "Sleepers is a 1996 American legal crime drama film written , produced , and directed by Barry Levinson , and based on Lorenzo Carcaterra 's 1995 novel of the same name . The film starred Kevin Bacon , Jason Patric , Brad Pitt , Robert De Niro , Dustin Hoffman , Minnie Driver and Vittorio Gassmann . ", "Kevin James O'Connor -LRB- born November 15 , 1963 -RRB- is an American actor . O'Connor is known for portraying character roles in major studio films such as There Will Be Blood , The Mummy , Clive Barker 's Lord of Illusions , F/X2 and Van Helsing . He is a favorite of writer/director Stephen Sommers , who usually casts him in his films . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Theresa_May", "DeAnne_Julius", "Desmond_Banks,_Baron_Banks", "Bank_of_England_£20_note", "London_Scottish_Bank" ]

[ "Theresa Mary May -LRB- née Brasier ; born 1 October 1956 -RRB- is a British politician who has served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2016 . She has been the Member of Parliament -LRB- MP -RRB- for Maidenhead since 1997 and Leader of the Conservative Party since July 2016 . She is the second female Prime Minister and Conservative leader after Margaret Thatcher . The daughter of a vicar , May grew up in Oxfordshire . From 1977 until 1983 , she worked for the Bank of England , and from 1985 until 1997 at the Association for Payment Clearing Services , also serving as a councillor for Durnsford in Merton . After unsuccessful attempts to be elected to the House of Commons in 1992 and 1994 , she was elected as the MP for Maidenhead in the 1997 general election . From 1999 to 2010 , May held a number of roles in the Shadow Cabinets of William Hague , Iain Duncan Smith , Michael Howard and David Cameron , including Shadow Transport Secretary and Shadow Work and Pensions Secretary . She was also Chairman of the Conservative Party from 2002 to 2003 . After the formation of a coalition government following the 2010 general election , May was appointed Home Secretary and Minister for Women and Equalities , giving up the latter role in 2012 . Reappointed after the Conservative victory in the 2015 general election , she went on to become the longest-serving Home Secretary since James Chuter Ede over 60 years previously . During her tenure she pursued reform of the Police Federation , implemented a harder line on drugs policy including the banning of khat , oversaw the introduction of elected Police and Crime Commissioners , the deportation of Abu Qatada , the creation of the National Crime Agency and brought in additional restrictions on immigration . Following Cameron 's resignation on 24 June 2016 , May successfully contested the Conservative leadership contest and became Prime Minister on 13 July . As Prime Minister , May 's focus has primarily been on withdrawing the UK from the European Union . On 18 April 2017 , May announced a snap general election for 8 June . ", "Dame DeAnne Shirley Julius , DCMG , CBE -LRB- born April 14 , 1949 -RRB- is a former economics analyst for the Central Intelligence Agency -LRB- CIA -RRB- and an American-British economist , notable as a founder member of the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England . She began her active career as a project economist with the World Bank in Washington and has handled extensive roles in the private sector . From 2003 -- 12 she was Chairman of Chatham House -LRB- formally known as The Royal Institute of International Affairs -RRB- , in London and is currently Chair of University College London -LRB- UCL -RRB- Council . She is also a non-executive director of Jones Lang LaSalle . and ICE Benchmark Administration -LRB- IBA -RRB- . ", "Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks , Baron Banks , CBE -LRB- 23 October 1918 -- 15 June 1997 -RRB- was a British Liberal Party politician . Banks was born in Ascot , Berkshire . He was educated at prep school in Harrow and University College School in Hampstead . During the Second World War he served as an officer in the Royal Artillery . In 1948 he married Barbara Wells who in 1987 was awarded the OBE for services to the Women 's Liberal Federation . They had two sons , Alistair Richard Harvie Banks -LRB- b. 1951 -RRB- and Graham Thornton Harvie Banks -LRB- b. 1953 -RRB- . Banks was a life insurance broker and pensions consultant . He was Chairman of the Liberal Party Executive from 1961 to 1963 and from 1969 to 1970 , and President of the Liberal Party from 1968 to 1969 . He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire -LRB- CBE -RRB- for political service in the 1972 New Year Honours . He was created a life peer on 7 January 1975 as Baron Banks , of Kenton in Greater London . In the House of Lords he was Liberal Deputy Chief Whip from 1977to 1983 . Banks had joined the Liberals while at school . He joined the staff at Liberal Party HQ in 1949 and was at one time editor of the party newspaper Liberal News . He first stood as a parliamentary candidate in the 1950 election in Harrow East , then in St Ives in 1955 election and Hertfordshire South West in the 1959 election . He was sometime speechwriter for Jo Grimond and a frequent contributor to Liberal News as well as author of many pamphlets and policy papers . In 1952 , together with Peter Grafton who had been Liberal parliamentary candidate in Bromley in 1950 in opposition to Harold Macmillan , Banks co-founded the Radical Reform Group , a social liberal pressure group within the Liberal Party to prevent what many saw as a rightward drift by the party , and its potential capture by the economic liberals . The Group campaigned under the slogan ` social reform without socialism ' . Banks was a strong pro-European , a founder member and one time chairman of the Liberal European Action Group and was President of the British Council of the European Movement from 1986 to 1994 . ", "The Bank of England # 20 note is a banknote of the pound sterling . It is the second highest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of England . The current cotton note , first issued in 2007 bears the image of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and the image of Scottish economist Adam Smith on the reverse . Starting in 2020 , the current note will be phased out , to be replaced by a polymer note featuring a portrait of artist J. M. W. Turner in place of Smith . ", "London Scottish Bank PLC was a British bank based in Manchester , specialising in subprime lending . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Guns_N'_Roses", "Hollywood_Rose", "Axl_Rose", "Chinese_Democracy_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Use_Your_Illusion_II" ]

[ "Guns N ' Roses , often abbreviated as GnR , is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles formed in 1985 . The lineup , when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986 , consisted of vocalist Axl Rose , lead guitarist Slash , rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin , bassist Duff McKagan , and drummer Steven Adler . Guns N ' Roses have released six studio albums , accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide , including shipments of 45 million in the United States , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time . Guns N ' Roses ' debut album , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , reached number one on the Billboard 200 a year after its release , on the strength of `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' , the band 's only single to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide , including 18 million units in the United States , making it the best-selling debut album of all time in the US , as well as the eleventh best-selling album in the United States . The success of the debut was followed by the eight-song album G N ' R Lies -LRB- 1988 -RRB- which reached number two on the Billboard 200 . The twin albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II -LRB- 1991 -RRB- debuted at number two and number one on the Billboard 200 respectively and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide , including 14 million units in the United States . The cover album `` The Spaghetti Incident ? '' -LRB- 1993 -RRB- was the band 's last studio album to feature Slash and McKagan . After more than a decade of work and several lineup changes , Guns N ' Roses released the long-awaited album Chinese Democracy -LRB- 2008 -RRB- which , at an estimated $ 14 million in production costs , is the most expensive rock album to ever be produced in music history . It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations , despite mostly positive critical reception . Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016 , embarking on the Not in This Lifetime ... Tour . Guns N ' Roses has been credited with reviving the mainstream popularity of rock 'n' roll , at a time when popular music was dominated by dance music and glam metal . Its late 1980s and early 1990s years have been described as the period in which the group brought forth a `` hedonistic rebelliousness '' reminiscent of the early Rolling Stones , a reputation that had earned the group the nickname `` the most dangerous band in the world '' . The band 's classic lineup , along with later members keyboardist Dizzy Reed and drummer Matt Sorum , was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 in its first year of eligibility . The band 's membership has changed many times since the early 1990 's , with Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed as the only two constant members since 1990 . The current lineup consists of Rose , Slash , McKagan , Reed , guitarist Richard Fortus , drummer Frank Ferrer and keyboardist Melissa Reese . ", "Hollywood Rose was an American hard rock group formed in 1983 and is best known as the precursor group for what would eventually become Guns N ' Roses . The group was founded by Axl Rose , Izzy Stradlin and Chris Weber while they were aided during live shows by Rick Mars , Johnny Kreis , Steve Darrow and Andre Troxx . Rose , Stradlin and Weber , along with Kreis , recorded a five-song demo in 1984 . However , after a number of lineup changes , which includes Weber and Kreis being replaced by Slash and Steven Adler -LRB- both then of Road Crew -RRB- respectively as well the departure of Stradlin , the group disbanded the same year . Hollywood Rose reunited briefly in 1985 with Rose , Stradlin , Weber and Darrow -LRB- Sonic Medusa , Rat Salad , Super Heroines , Decadents -RRB- returning and adding former L.A. Guns drummer Rob Gardner to the group . L.A. Guns founder Tracii Guns eventually replaced Weber . They changed their name to Guns N ' Roses -LRB- combining the names of L.A. Guns and Hollywood Rose -RRB- with L.A. Guns bassist Ole Beich replacing Darrow . Eventually Guns , Gardner and Beich were replaced by former Hollywood Rose members Slash , Adler and their former Road Crew band mate Duff McKagan with this lineup becoming known as the `` classic lineup '' of Guns N ' Roses . The five-song demo , recorded in 1984 , was released in 2004 with the title The Roots of Guns N ' Roses . A number of Hollywood Rose songs were included on the Guns N ' Roses albums Live ?! * @ Like a Suicide -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Live from the Jungle -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , and G N ' R Lies -LRB- 1988 -RRB- . ", "W. Axl Rose -LRB- born William Bruce Rose Jr. ; raised as William Bruce Bailey ; February 6 , 1962 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , record producer and musician . He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , and has also been the band 's sole constant member since its inception in 1985 . In addition to Guns N ' Roses , he is also the current lead singer of AC/DC since 2016 . Due to his powerful and wide vocal range and energetic live performances , Rose has been named one of the greatest singers of all time by various media outlets , including Rolling Stone and NME . Born and raised in Lafayette , Indiana , Rose moved to Los Angeles in the early 1980s , where he became active in the local hard rock scene and joined several bands , including Hollywood Rose and L.A. Guns . In 1985 , he co-founded Guns N ' Roses , with whom he had great success and recognition in the late 1980s and early 1990s . Their first album , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , has sold in excess of 30 million copies worldwide , and is one of the best-selling debut albums of all time in the U.S. with 18 million units sold . Its full-length follow-ups , the twin albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , were also widely successful ; they respectively debuted at No. 2 and No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide . After 1994 , following the conclusion of their two-and-a-half-year Use Your Illusion Tour , Rose disappeared from public life for several years , while the band disintegrated due to personal and musical differences . As its sole remaining original member , he was able to continue working under the Guns N ' Roses banner because he had legally obtained the band name . In 2001 , he resurfaced with a new line-up of Guns N ' Roses at Rock in Rio 3 , and subsequently played periodic concert tours to promote the long-delayed Chinese Democracy -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , which undersold the music industry 's commercial expectations despite positive reviews upon its release . In 2012 , Rose was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N ' Roses , though he declined to attend the event and requested exclusion from the Hall . In 2016 , Rose partially reunited the ` classic ' lineup of Guns N ' Roses and has since toured the world as part of the Not In This Lifetime ... Tour . ", "`` Chinese Democracy '' is a song by the American rock band Guns N ' Roses , and the title track from their sixth studio album of the same name . The song was released as the band 's twenty-first radio single on October 22 , 2008 and was released on the iTunes Store on November 9 , 2008 . It was primarily written by Axl Rose and Josh Freese . It was the band 's first single of original material released since `` Estranged -LRB- 1994 -RRB- '' . ", "Use Your Illusion II is the fourth studio album by the American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . The album was released on September 17 , 1991 , the same day as its counterpart album Use Your Illusion I. Both of the albums were released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour . Bolstered by the lead single `` You Could Be Mine , '' Use Your Illusion II was the slightly more popular of the two albums , selling 770,000 copies its first week and debuting at No. 1 on the U.S. charts , ahead of Use Your Illusion I '' 's first week sales of 685,000 . As of 2010 , Use Your Illusion II '' has sold 5,587,000 units in the U.S. , according to Nielsen SoundScan . Both albums have since been certified 7 × Platinum by the RIAA . It was also No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart for a single week . It is the last Guns N ' Roses album to feature rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin . It also included the last Guns N ' Roses song to feature drummer Steven Adler , who played on `` Civil War . '' " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Hebe_-LRB-mythology-RRB-", "Licymnius", "Rhoeo", "Hera", "Heracles" ]

[ "Hebe -LRB- -LSB- ˈhiːbi -RSB- Ἥβη -RRB- in ancient Greek religion , is the goddess of youth -LRB- Roman equivalent : Juventas -RRB- . She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera . Hebe was the cupbearer for the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus , serving their nectar and ambrosia , until she was married to Heracles -LRB- Roman equivalent : Hercules -RRB- ; her successor was the divine hero Ganymede . Another title of hers , for this reason , is Ganymeda . She also drew baths for her brother Ares and helped Hera enter her chariot . Hebe was supposed to have the power to give eternal youth , and in art is typically seen with her father in the guise of an eagle , often offering a cup to him . This depiction is seen in classical engraved gems as well as later art and seems to relate to a belief that the eagle -LRB- like the phoenix -RRB- had the ability to renew itself to a youthful state . ", "In Greek mythology , Licymnius -LRB- -LSB- lɪˈsɪmniəs -RSB- Λικύμνιος -RRB- was a good friend of Heracles ' and an illegitimate son of Electryon , King of Tiryns and Mycenae in the Argolid -LRB- which makes him half-brother of Alcmene , mother of Heracles -RRB- . His mother is given as Mideia , a Phrygian woman . One source mentions Alco as his sister . Licymnius was the only one of Electryon 's sons to return home after the unsuccessful war against the Taphians and Teleboans . Licymnius married Perimede , daughter of Alcaeus and sister of Amphitryon , and became the father of Melas , Argius and Oeonus . Licymnius accompanied Amphitryon when the latter was expelled from the Argolid and fled to Thebes . According to one story , found in the Iliad , he was accidentally killed in his old age by Heracles ' son Tlepolemus , when the latter was beating his servant with a stick and Licymnius ran in between -LRB- or else Tlepolemus and Licymnius had a quarrel over a certain matter -RRB- . Pausanias mentions his tomb in Argos . ", "In Greek mythology , Rhoeo -LRB- -LSB- ˈriːoʊ -RSB- Ῥοιώ -RRB- was a daughter of Staphylus and Chrysothemis , sister to Parthenos and Molpadia or Hemithea . Parthenius relates that she once experienced a great jealosy of her sister Hemithea when Staphylus arranged for the latter to spend a night with Lyrcus , his guest , whom both Hemithea and Rhoeo fell in love with . She became the lover of Apollo and by him the mother of Anius . When her father discovered her pregnancy , he believed she was impregnated by a man rather than a god . He placed her in a chest and cast her out to sea -LRB- parallel to Danae and Perseus -RRB- . She landed on the island of Delos , which was sacred to Apollo . She gave birth to a son on the island and named him Anius -LRB- as if from ἀνιάομαι `` to suffer '' -RRB- ; she then put him on the altar of Apollo and prayed to the god that the baby be saved if it was his . Apollo concealed the child for some time , taught him the art of divination and granted him certain honors . Rhoeo eventually married Zarex , son of Carystus or Carycus , who accepted Anius as his own , and had two more children with him . Later , Anius became a priest of Apollo and gave aid to Aeneas and his retinue when they were travelling from Troy to the future site of Rome . One source mentions Rhoeo as a possible mother of Jason with Aeson . ", "Hera -LRB- -LSB- ˈhɛrə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈhɪərə -RSB- , Greek Ἥρᾱ , Hērā , equivalently Ἥρη , Hērē , in Ionic and Homer -RRB- is the goddess of women and marriage in Greek mythology and religion . She is the daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea . Hera is married to her brother Zeus and is titled as the Queen of Heaven . One of her characteristics is her jealous and vengeful nature against Zeus 's other lovers and offspring and against the mortals who cross her . Hera is commonly seen with the animals she considers sacred including the cow , lion and the peacock . Portrayed as majestic and solemn , often enthroned , and crowned with the polos -LRB- a high cylindrical crown worn by several of the Great Goddesses -RRB- , Hera may hold a pomegranate in her hand , emblem of fertile blood and death and a substitute for the narcotic capsule of the opium poppy . Scholar of Greek mythology Walter Burkert writes in Greek Religion , `` Nevertheless , there are memories of an earlier aniconic representation , as a pillar in Argos and as a plank in Samos . '' Her counterpart in the religion of ancient Rome was Juno . ", "Heracles -LRB- -LSB- ˈhɛrəkliːz -RSB- ; Ἡρακλῆς , Hēraklēs , from Hēra , `` Hera '' -RRB- , born Alcaeus -LRB- Ἀλκαῖος , Alkaios -RRB- or Alcides -LRB- Ἀλκείδης , Alkeidēs -RRB- , was a divine hero in Greek mythology , the son of Zeus and Alcmene , foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson and half-brother -LRB- as they are both sired by the god Zeus -RRB- of Perseus . He was the greatest of the Greek heroes , a paragon of masculinity , the ancestor of royal clans who claimed to be Heracleidae , and a champion of the Olympian order against chthonic monsters . In Rome and the modern West , he is known as Hercules , with whom the later Roman emperors , in particular Commodus and Maximian , often identified themselves . The Romans adopted the Greek version of his life and works essentially unchanged , but added anecdotal detail of their own , some of it linking the hero with the geography of the Central Mediterranean . Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Numenius_of_Apamea", "Axiothea_of_Phlius", "Heracleides_of_Sinope", "Zeno_-LRB-physician-RRB-", "Pyrilampes" ]

[ "Numenius of Apamea was a Greek philosopher , who lived in Apamea in Syria and flourished during the latter half of the 2nd century AD . He was a Neopythagorean and forerunner of the Neoplatonists . ", "Axiothea of Phlius -LRB- Ἀξιοθέα Φλειασία fl . c. 350 BCE -RRB- was a female student of Plato and Speusippus . She was born in Phlius , an ancient city in the Peloponnese which was under Spartan rule , when Plato founded his Academy . Axiothea is said by Themistius to have read Plato 's Republic and then travelled to Athens to be his student . In order to avoid becoming a hetaera , Axiothea presented -LRB- dressed -RRB- as a man during her time at Plato 's Academy . After the death of Plato she continued her studies with Speusippus , Plato 's nephew . A papyrus fragment from Oxyrhynchus mentions an unidentified woman who studied under Plato , Speusippus , and then Menedemus of Eretria . The fragment goes on to explain that `` in her teens she was lovely and full of unstudied grace . '' This woman is probably Axiothea or Lastheneia of Mantinea . ", "Heracleides of Sinope was a writer of ancient Greece . Under this name we possess a Greek epigram in the Greek Anthology . It is not improbable that two other epigrams are likewise his productions , though his native place is not mentioned there . He seems to have been a poet of some celebrity , as Diogenes Laërtius mentions him as ἐπιγραμμάτων ποιητὴς λιγυρός . Diogenes Laërtius mentions fourteen persons of this name . ", "Zeno -LRB- or Zenon , Ζήνων 3rd and 2nd centuries BC -RRB- was a Greek physician . He was one of the most eminent of the followers of Herophilus , whom Galen calls `` no ordinary man , '' and who is said by Diogenes Laërtius to have been better able to think than to write . He lived probably at the end of the 3rd and beginning of the 2nd centuries BC , as he was a contemporary of Apollonius Empiricus , with whom he carried on a controversy concerning the meaning of certain marks that are found at the end of some of the chapters of the third book of the Epidemics of Hippocrates . He gave particular attention to the materia medica , and is perhaps the physician whose medical formulae are quoted by Galen , in which case he must have been a native of Laodicea . He is mentioned in several other passages by Galen , and also by Erotianus ; perhaps also by Pliny , Caelius Aurelianus , Alexander of Aphrodisias , and Rufus of Ephesus , but this is uncertain . ", "Pyrilampes was an ancient Athenian politician and stepfather of the philosopher Plato . His dates of birth and death are unknown , but according to estimations of Debra Nails , he must have been born after 480 BC and died before 413 BC . Pyrilampes had served many times as an ambassador to the Persian court and was a friend of Pericles , the leader of the democratic faction in Athens . He was injured at the Battle of Delium in 424 BC , when he was in his mid-fifties . Pyrilampes raised and showed peacocks , gifts he had received on his Asian embassies . Plutarch states accusations against Pyrilampes , according to which he used the peacocks to procure freeborn women for Pericles . Pyrilampes appears to have married his first wife in the late 440s ; he had a son from this marriage , Demus , who was famous for his beauty . Around 423 BC , Pyrilampes had been widowed and so was free to marry his niece , Perictione , Plato 's mother . Perictione gave birth to Pyrilampes ' second son , Antiphon , the half-brother of Plato , who appears in Parmenides in which he is said to have given up philosophy to devote most of his time to horses . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo's_Nest_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Up_in_the_Sky_-LRB-album-RRB-", "One_Too_Many_Hearts", "I'm_Mandy_Fly_Me", "Blue_Skies_Again_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Miloš Forman , based on the 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest by Ken Kesey . The film stars Jack Nicholson and features a supporting cast of Louise Fletcher , William Redfield , Will Sampson , and Brad Dourif . Considered to be one of the greatest films ever made , One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest is No. 33 on the American Film Institute 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list . The film was the second to win all five major Academy Awards -LRB- Best Picture , Actor in Lead Role , Actress in Lead Role , Director , and Screenplay -RRB- following It Happened One Night in 1934 , an accomplishment not repeated until 1991 by The Silence of the Lambs . It also won numerous Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards . In 1993 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . ", "Up in the Sky is the second album of the Swiss folk rock band 77 Bombay Street . It was released in 2011 on Gadget Records as their first label release . The band had released its debut album Dead Bird independently self-financed and released in 2009 . Up in the Sky with all songs written by the four brothers and produced by Thomas Fessler reached number 3 on the Schweizer Hitparade , the official Swiss Albums chart . It resulted in four singles `` 47 Millionaires '' , `` Long Way '' , the title track `` Up in the Sky '' -LRB- that made it to number 7 of the Swiss Singles Chart '' and `` I Love Lady Gaga '' . Lead vocals on most tracks were performed by Matt Buchli . But lead vocals on the track `` Miss You Girl '' was by Joe Buchli and Simri-Ramon Buchli was the main performer on `` I Love Lady Gaga '' . The album spent 115 weeks in the Swiss charts and went platinum . ", "One Too Many Hearts is the third EP by American indie pop duo The Bird and the Bee . It was released digitally on February 12 , 2008 by Blue Note Records . Inara `` Bird '' George provided lead vocals for the four tracks , while Greg `` Bee '' Kurstin plays the guitar and also produces the EP . ", "`` I 'm Mandy Fly Me '' is a single by 10cc released in 1976 . It was taken from the How Dare You ! album . It reached No. 6 on the UK singles chart . ", "Blue Skies Again is a 1983 American comedy film directed by Richard Michaels and written by Kevin Sellers . The film stars Harry Hamlin , Mimi Rogers , Kenneth McMillan , Robyn Barto , Dana Elcar and Joseph Gian . The film was by Warner Bros. released on April 29 , 1983 . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Hindu_cosmology", "Hinduism", "Conceptualism", "Vedic_mythology", "Kashmir_Shaivism" ]

[ "In Hindu cosmology , the universe is cyclically created and destroyed . Deeply rooted in the texts of Hindu literature , including the Vedas and the Puranas , is the belief time is divided into four epochs or Yuga , of which we occupy the final . In roughly 432,000 years , it is believed that the Avatar Kalki , the final incarnation of Vishnu , will bring the end time -LRB- i.e. a time of climax of world events -RRB- . Hindu cosmology also describes aspects of evolution , astronomy , and astrology . ", "Hinduism is a religion , or a way of life , found most notably in India and Nepal . Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world , and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as , `` the eternal law , '' or the `` eternal way , '' beyond human origins . Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no founder . This `` Hindu synthesis '' started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE following the Vedic period -LRB- 1500 BCE to 500 BCE -RRB- . Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies , it is linked by shared concepts , recognisable rituals , cosmology , shared textual resources , and pilgrimage to sacred sites . Hindu texts are classified into Shruti -LRB- `` heard '' -RRB- and Smriti -LRB- `` remembered '' -RRB- . These texts discuss theology , philosophy , mythology , Vedic yajna , Yoga , agamic rituals , and temple building , among other topics . Major scriptures include the Vedas and Upanishads , the Bhagavad Gita , and the Agamas . Sources of authority and eternal truths in its texts play an important role , but there is also a strong Hindu tradition of the questioning of this authority , to deepen the understanding of these truths and to further develop the tradition . Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include the four Puruṣārthas , the proper goals or aims of human life , namely Dharma -LRB- ethics/duties -RRB- , Artha -LRB- prosperity/work -RRB- , Kama -LRB- desires/passions -RRB- and Moksha -LRB- liberation/freedom/salvation -RRB- ; karma -LRB- action , intent and consequences -RRB- , samsara -LRB- cycle of rebirth -RRB- , and the various Yogas -LRB- paths or practices to attain moksha -RRB- . Hindu practices include rituals such as puja -LRB- worship -RRB- and recitations , meditation , family-oriented rites of passage , annual festivals , and occasional pilgrimages . Some Hindus leave their social world and material possessions , then engage in lifelong Sannyasa -LRB- monastic practices -RRB- to achieve Moksha . Hinduism prescribes the eternal duties , such as honesty , refraining from injuring living beings -LRB- ahimsa -RRB- , patience , forbearance , self-restraint , and compassion , among others . Hinduism is the world 's third largest religion , with over one billion followers or 15 % of the global population , known as Hindus . The majority of Hindus reside in India , Nepal , Mauritius , the Caribbean , and Bali in Indonesia . ", "Conceptualism is a philosophical theory that explains universality of particulars as conceptualized frameworks situated within the thinking mind . Intermediate between nominalism and realism , the conceptualist view approaches the metaphysical concept of universals from a perspective that denies their presence in particulars outside the mind 's perception of them . ", "Vedic mythology refers to the mythological aspects of the historical Vedic religion and Vedic literature , alluded to in the hymns of the Rigveda . The central myth at the base of Vedic ritual surrounds Indra who , inebriated with Soma , slays the dragon -LRB- ahi -RRB- Vrtra , freeing the rivers , the cows and Dawn . Vedic lore contains numerous elements which are common to Indo-European mythological traditions , like the mythologies of Persia , Greece , and Rome , and that of the Celtic , Germanic , Baltic and Slavic peoples . The Vedic god Indra in part corresponds to Dyaus Pitar , the Sky Father , Zeus and Jupiter or Perun . The deity Yama , the lord of the dead , is Yima of Persian mythology . Vedic hymns refer to these and other deities , often 33 , consisting of 8 Vasus , 11 Rudras , 12 Adityas , and the late Rigvedic Prajapati . These deities belong to the 3 dimensions of the universe/heavens , the earth , and the intermediate space . Some major deities of the Vedic tradition include Indra , Surya , Agni , Vayu , Varuna , Mitra , Aditi , Yama , Soma , Sarasvati , Prithvi , and Rudra . ", "Kashmir Shaivism is a group of nondualist Tantric Shaiva exegetical traditions from Kashmir that originated after 850 CE . This tradition is also termed the Trika school and was actually pan-Indian , also flourishing in Orissa and Mahārāṣṭra . The Tantrāloka , Mālinīślokavārttika , and Tantrasāra of the Kashmirian Abhinavagupta -LRB- 975 -- 1025 CE -RRB- are formally an exegesis on the Mālinīvijayottara Tantra , although they also drew heavily on the Kali-based Krama subcategory of the Kulamārga . Kashmir Shaivism claimed to supersede Shaiva Siddhanta , a dualistic tradition which scholars consider normative tantric Shaivism . The Shaiva Siddhanta goal of becoming an ontologically distinct Shiva -LRB- through Shiva 's grace -RRB- was replaced by recognizing oneself as Shiva who , in Kashmir Shaivism 's monism , is the entirety of the universe . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Live_Nation_Entertainment", "Ticketmaster", "The_New_Deal_-LRB-band-RRB-", "G3-COLON-_Rockin'_in_the_Free_World", "Alternative_Nation" ]

[ "Live Nation Entertainment is an American global entertainment company , formed from the merger of Live Nation and Ticketmaster . It owns , leases , operates , has booking rights for and/or equity interests in a large number of U.S. entertainment venues . The leadership consists of Greg Maffei -LRB- chief executive officer of Liberty Media -RRB- as chairman and Canadian Michael Rapino -LRB- previously chief executive officer of Live Nation -RRB- as president and CEO of the company . The merger that formed the company was opposed by members of the United States Congress , business rivals , and the Computer & Communications Industry Association -LRB- CCIA -RRB- , whose members include Google , Oracle , Microsoft , Yahoo , Intuit , and eBay . The merger initially received regulatory approval in Norway and Turkey in 2009 . In October 2009 , the United Kingdom 's Competition Commission provisionally ruled against the merger . On December 22 , 2009 , the Competition Commission reversed its decision and cleared the proposed merger . The United States Justice Department approved the merger on January 25 , 2010 , with some conditions to which both parties agreed . As part of the agreement with governments to merge , Ticketmaster had to sell its ownership in its self-ticketing company , Paciolan and Live Nation Entertainment was placed under a 10-year court order prohibiting it from retaliating against venues that choose to accept competitors ' ticket-selling contracts , and it `` must allow venues that sign deals elsewhere to take consumer ticketing data with them '' . In addition , the new company had to license a copy of its ticketing software to two companies -- Anschutz Entertainment Group -LRB- AEG -RRB- and either Comcast Spectacor or another `` suitable '' company -- so that both companies could compete `` head-to-head '' with Ticketmaster for venues ' business . AEG was given the option after five years to buy the software , replacing it with something else , or partnering with another ticketing company . Live Nation Entertainment bought AC Entertainment , a Knoxville Tennessee music company in October 2016 . ", "Ticketmaster Entertainment , Inc. is an American ticket sales -LRB- primary ticket outlet -RRB- and distribution company based in West Hollywood , California , with operations in many countries around the world . In 2010 it merged with Live Nation -LRB- events promoter -RRB- to become Live Nation Entertainment . As a primary ticket outlet , most US ticket sales for US venues are fulfilled at Ticketmaster 's two main fulfillment centers located in Charleston , West Virginia , and Pharr , Texas . Typically , Ticketmaster 's clients -LRB- promoters -RRB- control their events , and Ticketmaster acts as an agent , selling the tickets that the clients make available to them . On 10 January 2008 , Ticketmaster completed the acquisition of Paciolan Inc. , a developer of ticketing system applications and hosted ticketing systems , after litigation over the potential breach of antitrust laws . In January 2009 , Ticketmaster acquired a UK ticket exchange site , Getmein.com . Getmein is a ticket exchange site that allows sellers to list the tickets at whatever price they choose . Ticketmaster are well known thanks to a Channel 4 documentary to have staff using company credit cards to buy tickets for all events and then sell them on Getmein at double and triple face value in order to make more of a profit and rip genuine fans off and lead them to believe it is ticket touts doing so , despite having measures in place to stop touts using software to buy multiple tickets On 10 February 2009 , Ticketmaster and Live Nation , the largest concert promoter , officially announced their merger deal . After almost a year of review , the two companies merged on 25 January 2010 , under the name Live Nation Entertainment . To satisfy one of the United States Department of Justice 's conditions of approval for the merger , Ticketmaster sold Paciolan to Comcast Spectacor in March 2010 . ", "The New Deal is a three-piece electronic band formed in 1998 in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . With a drummer -LRB- Darren Shearer -RRB- , bass guitarist -LRB- Dan Kurtz , now playing with Dragonette -RRB- , and keyboard player -LRB- Jamie Shields -RRB- , the music incorporates many elements of modern electronica , which they have branded live progressive breakbeat house . The band formed in 1998 after a friendly , impromptu jam session they had at the Toronto venue the Comfort Zone . Upon listening to a recording of the show , they were transfixed by how much it sounded like a DJ mix . They subsequently released the jam session as their first album , This Is Live . The band was without a name prior to the release of This Is Live . Jamie Shields , whose previous band One Step Beyond had wrapped up recently , indicated that the band had n't settled on a name . At one point , they were calling themselves `` Reprise '' . The New Deal stuck shortly afterwards . Originally billing themselves as an acid jazz group , they soon found themselves swept up into the emerging musical genre of livetronica . The drumming of Shearer often resembles the simplicity of a drum machine , while still tastefully complementing the accompanying music . Shields never loops a keyboard track and always plays everything live , even if a pattern is to be repeated . Thanks to the widespread sharing of bootleg versions of their early live shows , a national buzz ensued and within two years , and they signed a major label contract with Jive Electro . The promotion with Jive proved disappointing , and the band fell short of a highly anticipated crossover . Nonetheless , they continued to tour , developing their fanbase . They released several more live shows on a label they created , Sound + Light Records , and produced two studio releases in 2003 : Please Be Seated and Gone Gone Gone . In 2004 , after a year-long hiatus , The New Deal toured several cities , often playing to crowds of 800 or more demonstrating the continued devotion of their fans . The band continued to tour , and over 200 recorded shows have been made available at the Internet Archive and etree for downloading . In recent years , seeing the band live has been difficult as concerts have become sporadic . Only a few recent concerts have been made available because of difficulties accommodating `` tapers '' and obtaining soundboard recordings . On April 8 , 2011 an e-mail was sent out stating The New Deal would be breaking up in 2011 . According to the e-mail the band feels `` We have come to a point where the time and commitment that it takes to maintain our band at its best is no longer possible . '' . A summer and fall tour took place throughout North America to end off the 12-year career . In April 2014 , the band resurrected their website with the text , `` The New Deal is Back -- Summer 2014 '' and there is a flood of activity on their Facebook page including rehearsal photos . ", "G3 : Rockin ' in the Free World is a double live album by the G3 project that was recorded at The Uptown Theater in Kansas City , Missouri , USA , on October 21 , 2003 . The album featured the touring lineup of the project leader Joe Satriani , frequent member Steve Vai and guest guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen . A DVD of the same tour , but with a different track list , was released as G3 : Live in Denver . ", "Alternative Nation was a television show in the U.S. dedicated to alternative music . It aired on MTV from 1992 to 1997 , mostly on weeknights . It was hosted by Kennedy . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Fame", "Ahead_of_My_Time", "2016_in_Japanese_music", "Notoriety_-LRB-2013_film-RRB-", "The_Letter_-LRB-Hoobastank_song-RRB-" ]

[ "The Fame is the debut studio album by American singer Lady Gaga . It was released on August 19 , 2008 through Interscope Records . After joining Kon Live Distribution and Cherrytree Records in 2008 , Gaga began working on the album with different producers , primarily RedOne , Martin Kierszenbaum and Rob Fusari . Musically , The Fame is a synthpop and dance-pop album that has influences of pop music from the 1980s . Lyrically , the album visualizes Gaga 's love of fame in general while also dealing with subjects such as love , sex , money , drugs and sexual identity . Promotion was primarily through The Fame Ball Tour and multiple television appearances . The Fame was included as a bonus disc on the deluxe edition of the extended play , The Fame Monster -LRB- November 18 , 2009 -RRB- . The album received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who commended the album 's lyrical content and Gaga 's musicianship and vocal ability . The album was a commercial success , topping the charts in different countries worldwide , including the United Kingdom , Canada , Germany , Ireland , Poland and Switzerland . In the United States , it peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 , while topping the Dance/Electronic Albums chart for 106 non-consecutive weeks . The Fame became the fifth best-selling album of 2009 . It has sold 4.7 million copies in the United States as of April 2016 and is the seventh best-selling digital album in history . The album sold 15 million copies worldwide as of November 2010 . The first two singles from The Fame -- `` Just Dance '' and `` Poker Face '' -- gained international success , topping the charts in several countries worldwide , including the United States , United Kingdom and Australia . Subsequent single `` LoveGame '' and `` Paparazzi '' , were commercial successes as well , charting within the top ten of more than ten countries worldwide . `` Eh , Eh -LRB- Nothing Else I Can Say -RRB- '' had a limited release , while `` Beautiful , Dirty , Rich '' was a promotional single . The Fame has won multiple awards since its release . It was nominated for a total of five Grammy Awards at the 52nd Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Award for Album of the Year . It won the Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album and the Best Dance Recording for the single `` Poker Face '' . It also won Best International Album at the 2010 BRIT Awards . In 2013 , Rolling Stone named The Fame as one of the `` 100 Greatest Debut Albums of All-Time '' . ", "Ahead of My Time is the fourth independent album -LRB- seventh overall -RRB- by rapper Lil ' Flip , released on July 6 , 2010 . The first single from the album is `` Heartbreaker '' , which features Eeden & Sean Thomas . A video was released for `` 50 in My Pinkyrang '' on July 17 , 2010 . Another video was released for `` Heartbreaker '' on August 6 , 2010 . ", "The year 2016 in Japanese music . ", "Notoriety is an Iranian movie directed by Masoud Dehnamaki in 2013 . ", "`` The Letter '' is the third single by the post-grunge band Hoobastank from their fourth studio album For -LRB- n -RRB- ever , released in the US January 27 , 2009 and was released in Australia June 19 , 2009 . It is a duet version with Melbourne-based singer Vanessa Amorosi . Hoobastank singer Doug Robb said they want to release `` The Letter '' in many countries with different female artists . A video for `` The Letter '' , featuring Amorosi , was shot in April 2009 by Grammy nominated director Paul Brown . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Fame", "Ahead_of_My_Time", "2016_in_Japanese_music", "Notoriety_-LRB-2013_film-RRB-", "The_Letter_-LRB-Hoobastank_song-RRB-" ]

[ "The Fame is the debut studio album by American singer Lady Gaga . It was released on August 19 , 2008 through Interscope Records . After joining Kon Live Distribution and Cherrytree Records in 2008 , Gaga began working on the album with different producers , primarily RedOne , Martin Kierszenbaum and Rob Fusari . Musically , The Fame is a synthpop and dance-pop album that has influences of pop music from the 1980s . Lyrically , the album visualizes Gaga 's love of fame in general while also dealing with subjects such as love , sex , money , drugs and sexual identity . Promotion was primarily through The Fame Ball Tour and multiple television appearances . The Fame was included as a bonus disc on the deluxe edition of the extended play , The Fame Monster -LRB- November 18 , 2009 -RRB- . The album received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who commended the album 's lyrical content and Gaga 's musicianship and vocal ability . The album was a commercial success , topping the charts in different countries worldwide , including the United Kingdom , Canada , Germany , Ireland , Poland and Switzerland . In the United States , it peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 , while topping the Dance/Electronic Albums chart for 106 non-consecutive weeks . The Fame became the fifth best-selling album of 2009 . It has sold 4.7 million copies in the United States as of April 2016 and is the seventh best-selling digital album in history . The album sold 15 million copies worldwide as of November 2010 . The first two singles from The Fame -- `` Just Dance '' and `` Poker Face '' -- gained international success , topping the charts in several countries worldwide , including the United States , United Kingdom and Australia . Subsequent single `` LoveGame '' and `` Paparazzi '' , were commercial successes as well , charting within the top ten of more than ten countries worldwide . `` Eh , Eh -LRB- Nothing Else I Can Say -RRB- '' had a limited release , while `` Beautiful , Dirty , Rich '' was a promotional single . The Fame has won multiple awards since its release . It was nominated for a total of five Grammy Awards at the 52nd Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Award for Album of the Year . It won the Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album and the Best Dance Recording for the single `` Poker Face '' . It also won Best International Album at the 2010 BRIT Awards . In 2013 , Rolling Stone named The Fame as one of the `` 100 Greatest Debut Albums of All-Time '' . ", "Ahead of My Time is the fourth independent album -LRB- seventh overall -RRB- by rapper Lil ' Flip , released on July 6 , 2010 . The first single from the album is `` Heartbreaker '' , which features Eeden & Sean Thomas . A video was released for `` 50 in My Pinkyrang '' on July 17 , 2010 . Another video was released for `` Heartbreaker '' on August 6 , 2010 . ", "The year 2016 in Japanese music . ", "Notoriety is an Iranian movie directed by Masoud Dehnamaki in 2013 . ", "`` The Letter '' is the third single by the post-grunge band Hoobastank from their fourth studio album For -LRB- n -RRB- ever , released in the US January 27 , 2009 and was released in Australia June 19 , 2009 . It is a duet version with Melbourne-based singer Vanessa Amorosi . Hoobastank singer Doug Robb said they want to release `` The Letter '' in many countries with different female artists . A video for `` The Letter '' , featuring Amorosi , was shot in April 2009 by Grammy nominated director Paul Brown . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Meghan_Markle", "Chantel_Wolfenden", "Bethany_Joy_Lenz", "Nathalie_Pownall", "Janet_Amsden" ]

[ "Rachel Meghan Markle -LRB- born August 4 , 1981 -RRB- is an American actress , humanitarian , and activist . She was born and raised in Los Angeles , California . Since 2011 , she has portrayed Rachel Zane on the legal drama series Suits and is also known for her work as FBI special agent Amy Jessup in the sci-fi thriller Fringe . In 2016 , Markle was appointed a Global Ambassador for World Vision Canada , worked with the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women , and was a United Nations Women 's advocate for political participation and leadership . ", "Chantel Louise Wolfenden , OAM -LRB- born 15 January 1986 -RRB- is an Australian Paralympic swimmer . Born in the New South Wales town of Lithgow , she started to swim at the age of five as therapy for cerebral palsy . She underwent three operations to cut and lengthen her achilles tendon . She competed at the 2002 IPC Swimming World Championships in Mar Del Plata , Argentina winning a gold medal in the women 's 400m Freestyle S7 and two silver medals in the women 's 100m Backstroke and women 's 100m Freestyle S7 events . At the 2004 Athens Games , she won a gold medal in the Women 's 400 m Freestyle S7 event , for which she received a Medal of the Order of Australia , a silver medal in the Women 's 100 m Freestyle S7 event , and four bronze medals in the Women 's 100 m Backstroke S7 , Women 's 200 m Individual Medley SM7 , Women 's 4 × 100 m Freestyle 34 pts and Women 's 4 × 100 m Medley 34 pts events . She swam for the Fairmead Swim Club in Bundaberg , Queensland and was coached by Paul Simms . Between 2002 and 2006 , she was an Australian Institute of Sport paralympic swimming scholarship holder . She was also a Queensland Academy of Sport scholarship holder . ", "Bethany Joy Lenz -LRB- formerly Galeotti ; born April 2 , 1981 -RRB- , also credited as Joie Lenz , is an American actress singer-songwriter and filmmaker , best known for her portrayal of Haley James Scott on The WB/CW television drama One Tree Hill . She has also starred as Michelle Bauer Santos on the CBS Daytime soap opera Guiding Light and is recognized for her music as a solo artist and as a member of the band Everly . ", "Nathalie Pownall is a British actress . She grew up in Bristol and was a member of the Bristol Old Vic Youth Theatre before moving to London to train professionally . She has appeared as a guest lead in BBC series Casualty , Doctors and ITV 's Doc Martin with Martin Clunes . In 2008 , she played Maia Sturn , the solo role in an online viral series 'Em ergency Subnet ' for Channel 4 to promote and launch the American Animated series Afterworld in the UK . She also played Timmy in British Horror Credo -LRB- The Devil 's curse USA -RRB- . In 2006 she helped set up Tutuma , a charitable organization led by leading medical professionals and Actors , that ran theatre and dance workshops for orphans in Zimbabwe . The same year Tutuma was commissioned to perform Zimbabwe 's first production of Closer by British Playwright Patrick Marber play at HIFA - Harare International Festival of the Arts . She also played Eve in the 2015 film Scrawl . ", "Janet Amsden is a British actress who appeared in EastEnders as Margaret Wilson and was in Family Affairs , playing Marie Taylor . She trained under Yat Malmgren at Drama Centre , and is one of the few practitioners currently working to share his methods . She is also an acting tutor and director , Ray Fearon being one of her students . She currently teaches and directs at ALRA . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Carol_Danvers", "Maya_Hansen", "Lucia_von_Bardas", "Carolin_Emcke", "Ellis_Kaut" ]

[ "Carol Danvers is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Roy Thomas and designed by artist Gene Colan , Major Carol Danvers first appeared as a member of the United States Air Force in Marvel Super-Heroes # 13 -LRB- March 1968 -RRB- and debuted as the first incarnation of Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel # 1 -LRB- January 1977 -RRB- after a fusion of alien Kree and human genes gives her superhuman powers , which occurred in Captain Marvel # 18 -LRB- November 1969 -RRB- . Debuting in the Silver Age of comics , the character was featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with superhero teams the Avengers and the X-Men . The character has also been known as Binary , Warbird , and Captain Marvel at various points in her history , and has been featured in other Marvel licensed products including video games , animated television series , and merchandise such as trading cards . Due to her long history in Marvel Comics , Carol Danvers has been highly regarded . She has been labeled `` Marvel 's biggest female hero '' , a `` feminist icon '' , as `` quite possibly Marvel 's mightiest Avenger '' , She was ranked twenty-ninth in Comics Buyer 's Guides `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list , and was ranked # 11 on IGN 's `` Top 50 Avengers '' . Marvel Studios announced a live-action film featuring the character , titled Captain Marvel and starring Brie Larson , which is scheduled for release in 2019 . ", "Maya Hansen is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Lucia von Bardas is a fictional character , a supervillain in comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Carolin Emcke -LRB- born 18 August 1967 -RRB- is a German author and journalist who worked for Der Spiegel from 1998 to 2006 , often writing from areas of conflicts . In 2008 she published Stumme Gewalt -LRB- Mute Force -RRB- in memory of Alfred Herrhausen , who was killed by the Red Army Faction in 1989 . In 2013 she wrote her autobiography , Wie wir begehren -LRB- How we desire -RRB- . She was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 2016 . ", "Elisabeth `` Ellis '' Kaut -LRB- 17 November 1920 -- 24 September 2015 -RRB- was a German author of children 's literature , best known for her creation of Pumuckl , a kobold appearing in radio plays and TV series . She also published novellas and some illustrated books . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Carol_Danvers", "Maya_Hansen", "Lucia_von_Bardas", "Carolin_Emcke", "Ellis_Kaut" ]

[ "Carol Danvers is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Roy Thomas and designed by artist Gene Colan , Major Carol Danvers first appeared as a member of the United States Air Force in Marvel Super-Heroes # 13 -LRB- March 1968 -RRB- and debuted as the first incarnation of Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel # 1 -LRB- January 1977 -RRB- after a fusion of alien Kree and human genes gives her superhuman powers , which occurred in Captain Marvel # 18 -LRB- November 1969 -RRB- . Debuting in the Silver Age of comics , the character was featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with superhero teams the Avengers and the X-Men . The character has also been known as Binary , Warbird , and Captain Marvel at various points in her history , and has been featured in other Marvel licensed products including video games , animated television series , and merchandise such as trading cards . Due to her long history in Marvel Comics , Carol Danvers has been highly regarded . She has been labeled `` Marvel 's biggest female hero '' , a `` feminist icon '' , as `` quite possibly Marvel 's mightiest Avenger '' , She was ranked twenty-ninth in Comics Buyer 's Guides `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list , and was ranked # 11 on IGN 's `` Top 50 Avengers '' . Marvel Studios announced a live-action film featuring the character , titled Captain Marvel and starring Brie Larson , which is scheduled for release in 2019 . ", "Maya Hansen is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Lucia von Bardas is a fictional character , a supervillain in comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Carolin Emcke -LRB- born 18 August 1967 -RRB- is a German author and journalist who worked for Der Spiegel from 1998 to 2006 , often writing from areas of conflicts . In 2008 she published Stumme Gewalt -LRB- Mute Force -RRB- in memory of Alfred Herrhausen , who was killed by the Red Army Faction in 1989 . In 2013 she wrote her autobiography , Wie wir begehren -LRB- How we desire -RRB- . She was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 2016 . ", "Elisabeth `` Ellis '' Kaut -LRB- 17 November 1920 -- 24 September 2015 -RRB- was a German author of children 's literature , best known for her creation of Pumuckl , a kobold appearing in radio plays and TV series . She also published novellas and some illustrated books . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Carol_Danvers", "Maya_Hansen", "Lucia_von_Bardas", "Carolin_Emcke", "Ellis_Kaut" ]

[ "Carol Danvers is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Roy Thomas and designed by artist Gene Colan , Major Carol Danvers first appeared as a member of the United States Air Force in Marvel Super-Heroes # 13 -LRB- March 1968 -RRB- and debuted as the first incarnation of Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel # 1 -LRB- January 1977 -RRB- after a fusion of alien Kree and human genes gives her superhuman powers , which occurred in Captain Marvel # 18 -LRB- November 1969 -RRB- . Debuting in the Silver Age of comics , the character was featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with superhero teams the Avengers and the X-Men . The character has also been known as Binary , Warbird , and Captain Marvel at various points in her history , and has been featured in other Marvel licensed products including video games , animated television series , and merchandise such as trading cards . Due to her long history in Marvel Comics , Carol Danvers has been highly regarded . She has been labeled `` Marvel 's biggest female hero '' , a `` feminist icon '' , as `` quite possibly Marvel 's mightiest Avenger '' , She was ranked twenty-ninth in Comics Buyer 's Guides `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list , and was ranked # 11 on IGN 's `` Top 50 Avengers '' . Marvel Studios announced a live-action film featuring the character , titled Captain Marvel and starring Brie Larson , which is scheduled for release in 2019 . ", "Maya Hansen is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Lucia von Bardas is a fictional character , a supervillain in comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Carolin Emcke -LRB- born 18 August 1967 -RRB- is a German author and journalist who worked for Der Spiegel from 1998 to 2006 , often writing from areas of conflicts . In 2008 she published Stumme Gewalt -LRB- Mute Force -RRB- in memory of Alfred Herrhausen , who was killed by the Red Army Faction in 1989 . In 2013 she wrote her autobiography , Wie wir begehren -LRB- How we desire -RRB- . She was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 2016 . ", "Elisabeth `` Ellis '' Kaut -LRB- 17 November 1920 -- 24 September 2015 -RRB- was a German author of children 's literature , best known for her creation of Pumuckl , a kobold appearing in radio plays and TV series . She also published novellas and some illustrated books . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Carol_Danvers", "Maya_Hansen", "Lucia_von_Bardas", "Carolin_Emcke", "Ellis_Kaut" ]

[ "Carol Danvers is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Roy Thomas and designed by artist Gene Colan , Major Carol Danvers first appeared as a member of the United States Air Force in Marvel Super-Heroes # 13 -LRB- March 1968 -RRB- and debuted as the first incarnation of Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel # 1 -LRB- January 1977 -RRB- after a fusion of alien Kree and human genes gives her superhuman powers , which occurred in Captain Marvel # 18 -LRB- November 1969 -RRB- . Debuting in the Silver Age of comics , the character was featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with superhero teams the Avengers and the X-Men . The character has also been known as Binary , Warbird , and Captain Marvel at various points in her history , and has been featured in other Marvel licensed products including video games , animated television series , and merchandise such as trading cards . Due to her long history in Marvel Comics , Carol Danvers has been highly regarded . She has been labeled `` Marvel 's biggest female hero '' , a `` feminist icon '' , as `` quite possibly Marvel 's mightiest Avenger '' , She was ranked twenty-ninth in Comics Buyer 's Guides `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list , and was ranked # 11 on IGN 's `` Top 50 Avengers '' . Marvel Studios announced a live-action film featuring the character , titled Captain Marvel and starring Brie Larson , which is scheduled for release in 2019 . ", "Maya Hansen is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Lucia von Bardas is a fictional character , a supervillain in comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Carolin Emcke -LRB- born 18 August 1967 -RRB- is a German author and journalist who worked for Der Spiegel from 1998 to 2006 , often writing from areas of conflicts . In 2008 she published Stumme Gewalt -LRB- Mute Force -RRB- in memory of Alfred Herrhausen , who was killed by the Red Army Faction in 1989 . In 2013 she wrote her autobiography , Wie wir begehren -LRB- How we desire -RRB- . She was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 2016 . ", "Elisabeth `` Ellis '' Kaut -LRB- 17 November 1920 -- 24 September 2015 -RRB- was a German author of children 's literature , best known for her creation of Pumuckl , a kobold appearing in radio plays and TV series . She also published novellas and some illustrated books . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Carol_Danvers", "Maya_Hansen", "Lucia_von_Bardas", "Carolin_Emcke", "Ellis_Kaut" ]

[ "Carol Danvers is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Roy Thomas and designed by artist Gene Colan , Major Carol Danvers first appeared as a member of the United States Air Force in Marvel Super-Heroes # 13 -LRB- March 1968 -RRB- and debuted as the first incarnation of Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel # 1 -LRB- January 1977 -RRB- after a fusion of alien Kree and human genes gives her superhuman powers , which occurred in Captain Marvel # 18 -LRB- November 1969 -RRB- . Debuting in the Silver Age of comics , the character was featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with superhero teams the Avengers and the X-Men . The character has also been known as Binary , Warbird , and Captain Marvel at various points in her history , and has been featured in other Marvel licensed products including video games , animated television series , and merchandise such as trading cards . Due to her long history in Marvel Comics , Carol Danvers has been highly regarded . She has been labeled `` Marvel 's biggest female hero '' , a `` feminist icon '' , as `` quite possibly Marvel 's mightiest Avenger '' , She was ranked twenty-ninth in Comics Buyer 's Guides `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list , and was ranked # 11 on IGN 's `` Top 50 Avengers '' . Marvel Studios announced a live-action film featuring the character , titled Captain Marvel and starring Brie Larson , which is scheduled for release in 2019 . ", "Maya Hansen is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Lucia von Bardas is a fictional character , a supervillain in comic books published by Marvel Comics . ", "Carolin Emcke -LRB- born 18 August 1967 -RRB- is a German author and journalist who worked for Der Spiegel from 1998 to 2006 , often writing from areas of conflicts . In 2008 she published Stumme Gewalt -LRB- Mute Force -RRB- in memory of Alfred Herrhausen , who was killed by the Red Army Faction in 1989 . In 2013 she wrote her autobiography , Wie wir begehren -LRB- How we desire -RRB- . She was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 2016 . ", "Elisabeth `` Ellis '' Kaut -LRB- 17 November 1920 -- 24 September 2015 -RRB- was a German author of children 's literature , best known for her creation of Pumuckl , a kobold appearing in radio plays and TV series . She also published novellas and some illustrated books . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Dione_-LRB-Titaness-RRB-", "Venus_-LRB-Marvel_Comics-RRB-", "Aphrodite", "Lysidice_-LRB-mythology-RRB-", "Anchises" ]

[ "Dione -LRB- -LSB- daɪˈoʊni -RSB- Διώνη , Diōnē -RRB- was an ancient Greek goddess , an oracular Titaness primarily known from Book V of Homer 's Iliad , where she tends to the wounds suffered by her daughter Aphrodite . One source describes her as an ancient wife of Zeus . ", "Venus is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The first , originally based on the goddess Venus -LRB- Aphrodite -RRB- from Roman and Greek mythology , was retconned to actually be a siren that only resembles the goddess . The second is stated to be the true goddess , who now wishes only to be referred to by her Greek name , Aphrodite . The similarities between the two characters are a point of conflict in the comics . Venus was ranked eighth in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list , although this list does not specify which version of the character was chosen . ", "Aphrodite -LRB- -LSB- æfrəˈdaɪti -RSB- ; Greek : Αφροδίτη -LRB- Afrodíti -RRB- -RRB- is the Greek goddess of love , beauty , pleasure , and procreation . She is identified with the planet Venus ; her Roman equivalent is the goddess -LSB- Venus -LRB- mythology -RRB- , Venus -RSB- . Myrtle , roses , doves , sparrows and swans were sacred to her . In Hesiod 's Theogony , Aphrodite was created from the sea foam -LRB- aphros -RRB- produced by Uranus 's genitals , which had been severed by Cronus . In Homer 's Iliad , however , she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione . In Plato -LRB- Symposium , 180e -RRB- , these two origins are said to be of hitherto separate entities : Aphrodite Ourania -LRB- a transcendent , `` Heavenly '' Aphrodite -RRB- and Aphrodite Pandemos -LRB- Aphrodite common to `` all the people '' -RRB- . She had many other names , each emphasising a different aspect of the same goddess , or used by a different local cult . Thus she was also known as Cytherea -LRB- Lady of Cythera -RRB- and Cypris -LRB- Lady of Cyprus -RRB- , both of which claimed to be her place of birth . In Greek myth , the other gods feared that Aphrodite 's beauty might lead to conflict and war , through rivalry for her favours ; so Zeus married her off to Hephaestus . Despite this , Aphrodite followed her own inclinations , and had many lovers -- both gods , such as Ares , and men , such as Anchises . She played a role in the Eros and Psyche legend , and was both lover and surrogate mother of Adonis . Many lesser beings were said to be children of Aphrodite . ", "Lysidice is the name of several women in Greek mythology . Lysidice , daughter of Thespius and Megamede , mother of a son Teles by Heracles . Lysidice , daughter of Pelops and Hippodamia . She married Mestor and became the mother of Hippothoe . She was also sometimes said to be the mother of Alcmene , by Electryon . Lysidice , daughter of Coronus , mother of Philaeus by Ajax the Great . Lysidice of Athens , one of the would-be sacrificial victims of Minotaur . ", "In Greek mythology , Anchises -LRB- -LSB- ænˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- or -LSB- æŋˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- ; , -LSB- aŋkʰi͜ísɛ͜ɛs -RSB- -RRB- was the son of Capys and Themiste -LRB- daughter of Ilus , who was son of Tros -RRB- . He was the father of Aeneas and a member of the royal family of Troy . His major claim to fame in Greek mythology is that he was a mortal lover of the goddess Aphrodite -LRB- and in Roman mythology , the lover of Venus -RRB- . One version is that Aphrodite pretended to be a Phrygian princess and seduced him . She later revealed herself and informed him that they would have a son named Aeneas . Aphrodite had warned him that if he boasted of the affair , he would be blasted by the thunderbolt of Zeus . He did not heed her warning and was struck with a thunderbolt , which in different versions either blinds him or kills him . The principal early narrative of Aphrodite 's seduction of Anchises and the birth of Aeneas is the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite . According to the Bibliotheca , Anchises and Aphrodite had another son , Lyrus , who died childless . He later had a mortal wife named Eriopis , according to the scholiasts , and he is credited with other children beside Aeneas and Lyrus . Homer , in the Iliad , mentions a daughter named Hippodameia , their eldest -LRB- `` the darling of her father and mother '' -RRB- , who married her cousin Alcathous . After the defeat of Troy in the Trojan War , the elderly Anchises was carried from the burning city by his son Aeneas , accompanied by Aeneas ' wife Creusa , who died in the escape attempt , and small son Ascanius . The subject is depicted in several paintings , including a famous version by Federico Barocci in the Galleria Borghese in Rome . The rescue is also mentioned in a speech in Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar when Cassius attempts to persuade Brutus to murder Caesar . Anchises himself died and was buried in Sicily many years later . Aeneas later visited Hades and saw his father again in the Elysian Fields . Homer 's Iliad mentions another Anchises , a wealthy native of Sicyon in Greece and father of Echepolus . " ]

[ 1, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]

[ "Zoe_Saldana", "Paula_Abdul", "Sofinar_Gourian", "Sara_Ramirez", "Nikolina_Nikoleski" ]

[ "Zoe Saldana-Perego -LRB- born Zoe Yadira Saldaña Nazario , June 19 , 1978 -RRB- , known professionally as Zoe Saldana or Zoë Saldana , is an American actress and dancer . Following her performances with the theater group Faces , Saldana made her screen debut in an episode of Law & Order -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . Her film career began a year later with Center Stage -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , where she played a struggling ballet dancer , followed by a role in Crossroads -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Saldana 's breakthrough came in 2009 with the roles of Nyota Uhura in Star Trek and Neytiri in James Cameron 's Avatar -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . The latter film received widespread acclaim , and is the highest-grossing film of all time . Saldana continued her career with films such as Colombiana -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Guardians of the Galaxy -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Star Trek Beyond -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . ", "Paula Julie Abdul -LRB- -LSB- ˈæbduːl -RSB- born June 19 , 1962 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter , voice actress , dancer , choreographer , actress and television personality . She began her career as a cheerleader for the Los Angeles Lakers at the age of 18 before rising to prominence in the 1980s as a highly sought-after choreographer at the height of the music video era . Abdul later scored a string of pop music hits in the late 1980s and early 1990s . Her six number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 tie her with Diana Ross for seventh among the female solo performers who have topped the chart . She won a Grammy for `` Best Music Video -- Short Form '' for `` Opposites Attract '' and twice won the `` Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography '' . After her initial period of success , Abdul suffered a series of setbacks in her professional and personal life . She saw renewed fame and success as an original judge on American Idol in the 2000s , which she left after the eighth season . She went on to star on CBS 's short-lived television series Live to Dance , which lasted one season in 2011 , and was subsequently a judge on the first season of the American version of The X Factor along with her former American Idol co-judge Simon Cowell , the creator and producer of the show . She was also a guest judge on the All-Stars edition of Dancing with the Stars in 2012 and the tenth season of So You Think You Can Dance in 2013 , and more recently became a permanent judge for that series along with the Australian version of the show for its 2014 revival . ", "Sofinar Grigoryan , also known with her stage name Safinaz , is a Russian Armenian belly dancer famous in the Arab World , particularly in Egypt where she has appeared in several films since 2013 . ", "Sara Elena Ramírez -LRB- -LSB- ˈsaɾa eˈlena raˈmiɾes -RSB- ; born August 31 , 1975 -RRB- is a Mexican-American actress , singer and songwriter . Born in Mazatlán , Sinaloa , to Mexican parents , she graduated with fine arts degree from the Juilliard School . She began acting in Broadway productions , making her debut with Paul Simon 's The Capeman , and later ventured into film and television roles . Ramirez is a receipient of a Tony Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award , and a Satellite Award among other accolades . Ramirez 's portrayal of the original Lady of the Lake in the 2005 Broadway musical Spamalot , won her acclaim and the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical . She gained wider recognition for her role as Dr. Callie Torres , in ABC 's long-running medical drama Grey 's Anatomy . The character 's popularity soared as the series progressed , and Ramirez garnered multiple nominations for Best Actress at the ALMA Awards , and a Favorite Dramatic TV Actress nomination at the People 's Choice Awards . She made her debut as a voice artist with the 1999 video game entitled UmJammer Lammy , and has voiced Queen Miranda in the animated series Sofia the First -LRB- 2012 -- present -RRB- . In addition to her acting career , Ramirez released her first single `` Silent Night '' in 2009 . Her self titled extended play debuted at no. 37 at the Billboard 200 in 2011 . Ramirez is also an activist and extensively campaigns for LGBT rights . She was awarded the Ally for Equality Award by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation in 2015 . She has been married to Ryan Debolt since 2012 . ", "Nikolina Nikoleski -LRB- born 1976 -RRB- , born in Zagreb , Croatia , is a leading dancer and choreographer of Bharatanatyam . She learned contemporary dance in Germany at the prestigious dance academy of Pina Bausch -- -LRB- Folkwang Hochschule Essen -RRB- - and spent six years in India learning Bharatanatyam . Her Guru is the highly regarded Padmashree Dr. Saroja Vaidyanathan . She is half Macedonian -LRB- Father from Vranče , Macednonia -RRB- and half Croatian -LRB- mother from Zagreb , Croatia -RRB- . She was a professor of dance at the French Embassy School in Delhi , Father Agnel School New Delhi . In 2012 she established Nikolina Nikoleski Dance Academy where she runs classes in contemporary dance , ballet and Bharatanatyam . She has danced in Paris , Vienna , Casablanca , Khajuraho , Chennai , Mahabalipuram , Taj Mahal , and Luxembourg . She has worked and performed with celebrated artists such as Dominique Mercy , Malou Airaudo , Bob Wilson , Ben Riepe , Juan Kruz Silva de Esnaola , Lutz Forster , Sonal Mansigh , Priyadarsini Govind , Rama Vaidyanathan , Anup Jalota , Jagjit Singh , Hariharan and Madhup Mudgal . She regularly performs in various international TV shows : Indian TV Doordarshan -- `` Nritya Sangam '' show , `` Journey through the arts '' , Croatian TV - `` IN magazine '' , `` Red Carpet '' , `` Zivot uzivo '' ... and was also featured in several documentary movies . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Firefox", "Web_page", "Web_browser", "GNU_LibreJS", "Fire_Phone" ]

[ "Mozilla Firefox -LRB- or simply Firefox -RRB- is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary the Mozilla Corporation . Firefox is available for Windows , macOS and Linux operating systems , with its Firefox for Android available for Android -LRB- formerly Firefox for mobile , it also ran on the discontinued Firefox OS -RRB- ; where all of these versions use the Gecko layout engine to render web pages , which implements current and anticipated web standards . An additional version , Firefox for iOS , was released in late 2015 , but this version does not use Gecko due to Apple 's restrictions limiting third-party web browsers to the WebKit-based layout engine built into iOS . Firefox was created in 2002 under the name `` Phoenix '' by Mozilla community members who desired a standalone browser , rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle . Even during its beta phase , Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed , security , and add-ons compared to Microsoft 's then-dominant Internet Explorer 6 . Firefox was released in November 2004 , and was highly successful with 60 million downloads within nine months , which was the first time that Internet Explorer 's dominance was challenged . Firefox is considered the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator , as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998 before their acquisition by AOL . Firefox usage grew to a peak of 32 % at the end of 2009 , temporarily making version 3.5 the world 's most popular browser . Usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome . , Firefox has between 9 % and 16 % of worldwide usage as a `` desktop '' browser , making it the second most popular web browser . Firefox is still the most popular desktop browser in Cuba -LRB- even most popular overall -RRB- , Eritrea , and Germany , with 85.93 % , 79.39 % , and 37.01 % of the market share , respectively . It is also the most popular desktop browser in many other African countries . According to Mozilla , there were half a billion Firefox users around the world . ", "A web page , or webpage , is a document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and web browsers . A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device . The web page is what displays , but the term also refers to a computer file , usually written in HTML or comparable markup language . Web browsers coordinate the various web resource elements for the written web page , such as style sheets , scripts , and images , to present the web page . Typical web pages provide hypertext that includes a navigation bar or a sidebar menu to other web pages via hyperlinks , often referred to as links . On a network , a web browser can retrieve a web page from a remote web server . On a higher level , the web server may restrict access to only a private network such as a corporate intranet or it provides access to the World Wide Web . On a lower level , the web browser uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol -LRB- HTTP -RRB- to make such requests . A static web page is delivered exactly as stored , as web content in the web server 's file system , while a dynamic web page is generated by a web application that is driven by server-side software or client-side scripting . Dynamic website pages help the browser -LRB- the client -RRB- to enhance the web page through user input to the server . ", "A web browser -LRB- commonly referred to as a browser -RRB- is a software application for retrieving , presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web . An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier -LRB- URI/URL -RRB- that may be a web page , image , video or other piece of content . Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources . Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web , they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge -LRB- preceded by Internet Explorer -RRB- , Safari , Opera and Firefox . ", "GNU LibreJS , or simply LibreJS , is a free software web browser extension for Mozilla Firefox-based browsers , created by the GNU Project . Its purpose is to block nonfree nontrivial JavaScript programs and allow free or trivial JS in a user 's web browser . The add-on was created to address the so-called `` JavaScript Trap '' described by Richard Stallman , a situation in which many users unknowingly run proprietary software in their web browsers . ", "The Fire Phone is a 3D-enabled smartphone developed by Amazon.com and manufactured by Foxconn . It was announced on June 18 , 2014 , and marked Amazon 's first foray into the smartphone market , following the success of the Kindle Fire . It was available for pre-order on the day it was announced . In the United States , it launched as an AT&T exclusive on July 25 . The phone was notable for its hallmark feature `` Dynamic Perspective '' : using four front-facing cameras and the gyroscope to track the user 's movements , the OS adjusts the UI so it gives the impression of depth and 3D . Other notable Amazon services on the phone include X-Ray , used for identifying and finding information about media ; Mayday , the 24-hour customer service tool ; and Firefly , a tool which automatically recognizes text , sounds , and objects , then offering a way to buy recognized items through Amazon 's online store . The phone had received mixed reviews . Critics had praised the Dynamic Perspective , Firefly and , to a lesser extent , the packaged headphones , but derided the build , design , Fire OS version of Android , specifications , and exclusivity to AT&T . Amazon had not released sales figures for any of its devices , but based in part on its quickly declining prices and an announced $ 170 million write-down , analysts have judged it having not been commercially successful . Amazon ceased production of the Fire Phone in August 2015 and discontinued sales soon after . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Rob_McElhenney", "Julian_Rhind-Tutt", "Gator_McKlusky", "Steven_Krueger", "Kevin_Costner" ]

[ "Robert Dale `` Rob '' McElhenney -LRB- born April 14 , 1977 -RRB- is an American actor , director , producer , and screenwriter . He is best known for playing Mac on the FX/FXX comedy series It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia . He is also one of the developers , executive producers , and the creator of the show , which has provided him with writing and directing credits on various episodes . ", "Julian Alistair Rhind-Tutt -LRB- born 20 July 1968 -RRB- is an English actor . He is best known for his starring role as Dr `` Mac '' Macartney in the comedy television series Green Wing , the second series of which finished on Channel 4 in May 2006 . He has also appeared in various other television shows and films . ", "Bobby `` Gator '' McKlusky is a character played by Burt Reynolds in the films White Lightning -LRB- 1973 -RRB- and Gator -LRB- 1976 -RRB- . Gator McKlusky is a southern moonshiner who has been convicted of at least four moonshining/bootlegging charges and has served two terms -LRB- a total of at least four years -RRB- in prison . He has been a moonshiner since at least the age of thirteen . Some discontinuities exist between the two films in which he appears , partly due to Reynolds 's own career evolution in the interim . . In White Lightning , Gator is incarcerated in Arkansas , where his parents also live , while in Gator , the McKluskies now live in Georgia -LRB- as evidenced by opening scenes depicting the Georgia state flag and the Georgia state capitol building -RRB- . In White Lightning , Gator 's father is named Jim . Upon completing his second prison sentence , Gator resumes moonshining deep within a southern swamp -LRB- presumably the Okefenokee , as identified in the lyrics of Jerry Reed 's song `` Gator '' sung over the latter film 's opening credits -RRB- . By this time , Gator lives with his father , whose name is now given as Ned , and Gator 's nine-year-old daughter Suzie -LRB- whose existence is n't mentioned in the first film -RRB- , having been abandoned by Suzie 's mother some years earlier due to Gator 's incarceration . Further , in White Lightning Gator is a darker , revenge-driven character , while in Gator Reynolds plays him in a somewhat more easygoing and lighthearted fashion . On two separate occasions , Gator agrees , with more or less reluctance , to serve as a government informant by infiltrating two different southern crime organizations , one a moonshining operation headed by Sheriff J. C. Connors -LRB- Ned Beatty -RRB- in the fictitious Bogan County , Arkansas , and the other by Gator 's former school buddy Bama McCall -LRB- Jerry Reed -RRB- in the fictitious Dunston County , Georgia . Gator offers to investigate Connors because he believes -LRB- correctly -RRB- that Connors murdered Gator 's younger brother Donny for organizing a sit-in in Bogan County . After serving his second term in prison , Gator is propositioned by Irving Greenfield -LRB- Jack Weston -RRB- , a federal agent from New York , who is working with state authorities . Greenfield warns that if Gator refuses to infiltrate McCall 's organization , Ned will go to jail for moonshining and Suzie will be placed in a foster home . Faced with this threat , Gator agrees to investigate his friend McCall . Gator is a very tough , violent , reckless , fun-loving individual with a contempt for both the law and law enforcement . He is an expert and highly aggressive driver of both cars and speedboats . He is perfectly willing to dispense justice , or revenge , as he sees fit . He violently objects to the label `` stool pigeon , '' and while he has no problems with breaking the law , he also is willing to condemn what he believes to be wrong . He loyally refuses to inform on fellow moonshiners ; he eventually lures Connors to his death , believing that nothing his brother did merited Connors 's murder of him ; he has qualms about having to shake down a down-on-her-luck black store owner on McCall 's orders -LRB- McCall once noted that Gator had always been `` a little color-blind '' -RRB- ; he offers to let his friend McCall buy his way out of a major felony charge by paying a lesser amount of taxes than he owes -LRB- an offer McCall refuses -RRB- ; and he angrily confronts McCall upon learning that McCall was happy to ply a 15-year-old girl with drugs in exchange for sex . Ultimately this confrontation , among other things , leads to an open break between McCall and Gator , with McCall finally attempting to kill Gator and Gator in fact killing McCall . Something of a womanizer , Gator nevertheless falls in love with reporter Aggie Maybank -LRB- Lauren Hutton -RRB- , but the two end up going their separate ways when Aggie accepts an interview with the New York offices of CBS while Gator returns to his life in the swamp , aware that it is a life that Aggie would never accept . As the protagonist of White Lighning , Gator McKlusky became a template for the tough , somewhat antiheroic main characters in so-called hick flicks -- what Reynolds identified as `` a whole series of films made in the South , about the South and for the South , '' while in Gator , , McKlusky typifies the sort of light-hearted adventurer that Reynolds would often play in films over the next decade -LRB- such as 1977 's Smokey and the Bandit -RRB- . ", "Steven Krueger -LRB- born May 25 , 1989 -RRB- is an American actor . He is known for his roles as Joshua ` Josh ' Rosza on The Originals , and Davidson on Goosebumps . ", "Kevin Michael Costner -LRB- born January 18 , 1955 -RRB- is an American actor , director , producer , and musician . His accolades include two Academy Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , and one Emmy Award . Costner has played Eliot Ness in The Untouchables , Crash Davis in Bull Durham , Ray Kinsella in Field of Dreams , Lt. John J. Dunbar in Dances with Wolves , Jim Garrison in JFK , Robin Hood in Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves , Frank Farmer in The Bodyguard , Roy McAvoy in Tin Cup , Jonathan Kent in the DC Extended Universe , and the Mariner in Waterworld . He directed , produced , and starred in The Postman . In television , Costner won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Miniseries or Television Film , and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie for his role as Devil Anse Hatfield in Hatfields & McCoys -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Rick_Ross", "Rather_You_Than_Me", "Tao_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Art_Stewart_-LRB-producer-RRB-", "Highways_&_Heartaches_-LRB-Ricky_Skaggs_album-RRB-" ]

[ "William Leonard Roberts II -LRB- born January 28 , 1976 -RRB- , known professionally by his stage name Rick Ross , is an American rapper and entrepreneur . In 2009 , Ross founded the record label Maybach Music Group , on which he released his studio albums Deeper Than Rap -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Teflon Don -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , God Forgives , I Do n't -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Mastermind , Hood Billionaire -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Black Market -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and Rather You Than Me -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Ross was also the first artist signed to Diddy 's management company Ciroc Entertainment . In early 2012 , MTV named Ross as the Hottest MC in the Game . ", "Rather You Than Me is the ninth studio album by American rapper Rick Ross . It was released on March 17 , 2017 , by Maybach Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Anthony Hamilton , Dej Loaf , Jeezy , Yo Gotti , Nas , Future , Gucci Mane , Meek Mill , Raphael Saadiq , Ty Dolla Sign , Wale , and Young Thug , among others . It was supported by two singles : `` I Think She Like Me '' and `` Trap Trap Trap '' . ", "Tao is an RIAA Gold-certified album by Rock singer Rick Springfield . It was released in 1985 on RCA Records . It was belatedly released on CD in 1990 . ", "Art Stewart is a record producer , sound engineer , and composer who has worked on the Blue by Diana Ross . He was worked on recordings by Teena Marie which include her Wild and Peaceful album , which was released in 1979 . With Marvin Gaye , he has worked on the Let 's Get It On album and Gaye 's single `` Got to Give It Up '' . He has also worked with Rick James on his Motown debut album Come Get It ! , and his second Motown album , Bustin ' Out of L Seven . ", "Highways & Heartaches is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Ricky Skaggs . It was released in 1982 via Epic Records . The album peaked at number 1 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Rick_Ross", "Rather_You_Than_Me", "Tao_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Art_Stewart_-LRB-producer-RRB-", "Highways_&_Heartaches_-LRB-Ricky_Skaggs_album-RRB-" ]

[ "William Leonard Roberts II -LRB- born January 28 , 1976 -RRB- , known professionally by his stage name Rick Ross , is an American rapper and entrepreneur . In 2009 , Ross founded the record label Maybach Music Group , on which he released his studio albums Deeper Than Rap -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Teflon Don -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , God Forgives , I Do n't -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Mastermind , Hood Billionaire -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Black Market -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and Rather You Than Me -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Ross was also the first artist signed to Diddy 's management company Ciroc Entertainment . In early 2012 , MTV named Ross as the Hottest MC in the Game . ", "Rather You Than Me is the ninth studio album by American rapper Rick Ross . It was released on March 17 , 2017 , by Maybach Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Anthony Hamilton , Dej Loaf , Jeezy , Yo Gotti , Nas , Future , Gucci Mane , Meek Mill , Raphael Saadiq , Ty Dolla Sign , Wale , and Young Thug , among others . It was supported by two singles : `` I Think She Like Me '' and `` Trap Trap Trap '' . ", "Tao is an RIAA Gold-certified album by Rock singer Rick Springfield . It was released in 1985 on RCA Records . It was belatedly released on CD in 1990 . ", "Art Stewart is a record producer , sound engineer , and composer who has worked on the Blue by Diana Ross . He was worked on recordings by Teena Marie which include her Wild and Peaceful album , which was released in 1979 . With Marvin Gaye , he has worked on the Let 's Get It On album and Gaye 's single `` Got to Give It Up '' . He has also worked with Rick James on his Motown debut album Come Get It ! , and his second Motown album , Bustin ' Out of L Seven . ", "Highways & Heartaches is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Ricky Skaggs . It was released in 1982 via Epic Records . The album peaked at number 1 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Dark_matter", "Human_skin_color", "ZEPLIN-III", "WR_9", "Quantum_chromodynamics" ]

[ "Dark matter is a hypothetical type of matter distinct from baryonic matter -LRB- ordinary matter such as protons and neutrons -RRB- , neutrinos and dark energy . The existence of dark matter would explain a number of otherwise puzzling astronomical observations . The name refers to the fact that it does not emit or interact with electromagnetic radiation , such as light , and is thus invisible to the entire electromagnetic spectrum . Although dark matter has not been directly observed , its existence and properties are inferred from its gravitational effects such as the motions of visible matter , gravitational lensing , its influence on the universe 's large-scale structure , on galaxies , and its effects in the cosmic microwave background . The standard model of cosmology indicates that the total mass -- energy of the universe contains 4.9 % ordinary matter , 26.8 % dark matter and 68.3 % dark energy . Thus , dark matter constitutes 84.5 % Since dark energy , by convention , does not count as `` matter '' , this is 26.8 / -LRB- 4.9 + 26.8 -RRB- = 0.845 of total mass , while dark energy plus dark matter constitute 95.1 % of total mass -- energy content . The great majority of ordinary matter in the universe is also unseen , since visible stars and gas inside galaxies and clusters account for less than 10 % of the ordinary matter contribution to the mass-energy density of the universe . The most widely accepted hypothesis on the form for dark matter is that it is composed of weakly interacting massive particles -LRB- WIMPs -RRB- that interact only through gravity and the weak force . The dark matter hypothesis plays a central role in current modeling of cosmic structure formation and galaxy formation and evolution and on explanations of the anisotropies observed in the cosmic microwave background -LRB- CMB -RRB- . All these lines of evidence suggest that galaxies , galaxy clusters , and the universe as a whole contain far more matter than that which is observable via electromagnetic signals . Many experiments to detect proposed dark matter particles through non-gravitational means are under way ; however , no dark matter particle has been conclusively identified . Although the existence of dark matter is generally accepted by most of the astronomical community , a minority of astronomers , motivated by the lack of conclusive identification of dark matter , argue for various modifications of the standard laws of general relativity , such as MOND , TeVeS , and conformal gravity that attempt to account for the observations without invoking additional matter . ", "Human skin color ranges in variety from the darkest brown to the lightest hues . An individual 's skin pigmentation is the result of genetics , being the product of both of the individual 's biological parents ' genetic makeup . In evolution , skin pigmentation in human beings evolved by a process of natural selection primarily to regulate the amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrating the skin , controlling its biochemical effects . The actual skin color of different humans is affected by many substances , although the single most important substance is the pigment melanin . Melanin is produced within the skin in cells called melanocytes and it is the main determinant of the skin color of darker-skinned humans . The skin color of people with light skin is determined mainly by the bluish-white connective tissue under the dermis and by the hemoglobin circulating in the veins of the dermis . The red color underlying the skin becomes more visible , especially in the face , when , as consequence of physical exercise or the stimulation of the nervous system -LRB- anger , fear -RRB- , arterioles dilate . Color is not entirely uniform across an individual 's skin ; for example , the skin of the palm and the sole is lighter than most other skin , and this is especially noticeable in darker-skinned people . There is a direct correlation between the geographic distribution of UV radiation -LRB- UVR -RRB- and the distribution of indigenous skin pigmentation around the world . Areas that receive higher amounts of UVR , generally located closer to the equator , tend to have darker-skinned populations . Areas that are far from the tropics and closer to the poles have lower intensity of UVR , which is reflected in lighter-skinned populations . Researchers suggest that human populations over the past 50,000 years have changed from dark-skinned to light-skinned and vice versa as they migrated to different UV zones , and that such major changes in pigmentation may have happened in as little as 100 generations -LRB- ≈ 2,500 years -RRB- through selective sweeps . Natural skin color can also darken as a result of tanning due to exposure to sunlight . The leading theory is that skin color adapts to intense sunlight irradiation to provide partial protection against the ultraviolet fraction that produces damage and thus mutations in the DNA of the skin cells . In addition , it has been observed that adult human females on average are significantly lighter in skin pigmentation than males . Females need more calcium during pregnancy and lactation . The body synthesizes vitamin D from sunlight , which helps it absorb calcium . Females evolved to have lighter skin so their bodies absorb more calcium . The social significance of differences in skin color has varied across cultures and over time , as demonstrated with regard to social status and discrimination . ", "The ZEPLIN-III dark matter experiment attempted to detect galactic WIMPs using a 12 kg liquid xenon target . It operated at the Boulby Underground Laboratory -LRB- North-East England , UK -RRB- in the period 2006 -- 2011 . This was the last in a series of xenon-based experiments in the ZEPLIN programme pursued originally by the UK Dark Matter Collaboration -LRB- UKDMC -RRB- . The ZEPLIN-III project was led by Imperial College London and also included the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and Edinburgh University in the UK , as well as LIP-Coimbra in Portugal and ITEP-Moscow in Russia . It ruled out cross-sections for elastic scattering of WIMPs off nucleons above 3.9 × 10 − 8 pb -LRB- 3.9 × 10 − 44 cm2 -RRB- from the two science runs conducted at Boulby -LRB- 83 days in 2008 and 319 days in 2010/11 -RRB- . Direct dark matter search experiments look for extremely rare and very weak collisions expected to occur between the cold dark matter particles that are believed to permeate our galaxy and the nuclei of atoms in the active medium of a radiation detector . These hypothetical elementary particles could be Weakly Interacting Massive Particles , or WIMPs , weighing as little as a few protons or as much as several heavy nuclei . Their nature is not yet known , but no sensible candidates remain within the Standard Model of particle physics to explain the dark matter problem . ", "WR 9 is a spectroscopic binary in the constellation Cygnus consisting of a Wolf-Rayet star and a class O star . It is around 4,800 light years away . WR 9 is a binary with two components in a circular 14 day orbit . The Wolf-Rayet component is often identified as the primary because it dominates the spectrum with its broad emission lines , although it is less massive , less luminous , and less visually bright than its companion . The companion is an approximately O7 star . The spectrum is dominated by broad emission lines , those of CIV being the strongest , followed by HeII . CIII lines are seen but much weaker . OV lines are also stronger than CIII . The classification is usually given as WC4 , although it has previously been assigned as WC5 . By comparison the absorption lines of the secondary star are narrower and weaker , although at blue and shorter wavelengths they become stronger than the WR lines . The spectral type of the secondary can be set at O7 . The luminosity class can not be determined clearly , although it has been suggested to be a supergiant . The Wolf-Rayet star shows no hydrogen in its spectrum and is though to be hydrogen-free . It is calculated to consist of 42 % helium and 58 % heavier elements , mostly carbon and oxygen . WR 9 is listed as an eclipsing binary in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars , as well as having the more irregular brightness changes frequently seen in Wolf Rayet stars . The total amplitude is only 0.04 magnitudes . The eclipses are so shallow because only the atmosphere of the WR star eclipses the O star on each orbit . ", "In theoretical physics , quantum chromodynamics -LRB- QCD -RRB- is the theory of strong interactions , a fundamental force describing the interactions between quarks and gluons , which make up hadrons such as the proton , neutron and pion . QCD is a type of quantum field theory called a non-abelian gauge theory with symmetry group SU -LRB- 3 -RRB- . The QCD analog of electric charge is a property called color . Gluons are the force carrier of the theory , like photons are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics . The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics . A large body of experimental evidence for QCD has been gathered over the years . QCD enjoys two peculiar properties : Confinement , which means that the force between quarks does not diminish as they are separated . Because of this , when you do separate a quark from other quarks , the energy in the gluon field is enough to create another quark pair ; they are thus forever bound into hadrons such as the proton and the neutron or the pion and kaon . Although analytically unproven , confinement is widely believed to be true because it explains the consistent failure of free quark searches , and it is easy to demonstrate in lattice QCD . Asymptotic freedom , which means that in very high-energy reactions , quarks and gluons interact very weakly creating a quark -- gluon plasma . This prediction of QCD was first discovered in the early 1970s by David Politzer , Frank Wilczek and David Gross . For this work they were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics . The phase transition temperature between these two properties has been measured by the ALICE experiment to be well above 160 MeV . Below this temperature , confinement is dominant , while above it , asymptotic freedom becomes dominant . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Talulah_Riley", "Effy_Stonem", "Jan_Anderson_-LRB-actress-RRB-", "Leila_Benn_Harris", "Petra_Letang" ]

[ "Talulah Jane Riley-Milburn -LRB- born 26 September 1985 -RRB- , known professionally as Talulah Riley , is an English actress . She has appeared in films such as Pride & Prejudice , St Trinian 's , The Boat That Rocked , St. Trinian 's 2 : The Legend of Fritton 's Gold and Inception . ", "Elizabeth `` Effy '' Stonem is a fictional character in the television series Skins , played by Kaya Scodelario . She appears in all of the first four series , as well as the seventh series , and appears in the most episodes -LRB- 27 -RRB- . Kaya Scodelario was included in Entertainment Weeklys 2009 `` Summer Must List '' , being named `` Bad Girl '' for her portrayal of Effy . She was included in AfterEllen.com 's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters . ", "Jan Anderson -LRB- born Janina Anderson in South Wales -RRB- is a Welsh actress . Her late mother was a Welsh horse riding teacher ; her late father , an Italian lumberjack father . She had an older sister , Ruth , who died in 1998 . Anderson joined Pyle-based children 's Vagabond Theatre at age seven , with the teacher Trevor Harris . Another influence in her life was drama teacher Roger Burnell at Porthcawl comprehensive school performing with them at The Grand Pavilion until age 13 in productions including starring as Annie in Annie , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , Cecily in The Importance of Being Earnest , and Lily in Under Milkwood . She also played in Oklahoma , Damn Yankees and in the role of Baby Jane in Gypsy . After leaving school at the age of 15 , she joined the Welsh National Opera , where she toured with the production of Carmen and studied at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama . She was the lead presenter on the HTV Wales programme `` The Gen '' . Her other television credits include Is Harry on the Boat , The Bill , Doctors and London 's Burning . She had a role in the 1999 British film Human Traffic , but Jan is mostly known for her role of Chloe Hill in BBC 's `` Casualty '' from 1998 to 2002 . In the early 2000s , she studied acting in Hollywood , and broke into the US film and TV arena . There , she worked on films including Sony Pictures ' `` Detention '' , `` Portal '' , `` Three Days Blind '' , `` Float '' , `` Big Top '' and `` Halloween Night '' . She played Marie in the Torchwood episode `` Reset '' , and had a small role on '' Prison Break '' In July 2011 , Anderson featured in the second episode of the eighth series of Curb Your Enthusiasm , playing the role of Richard Lewis ' new girlfriend , Stella . In 2012 , she relocated back to the UK , and has since worked on Sky 's comedy `` Trollied '' . ", "Leila Benn Harris -LRB- born 1983 -RRB- is a British actress and singer . She trained at Arts Educational School in London and graduated with a BA in Musical Theatre . Upon graduation , she was cast in the lead role of Carmen in the No. 1 National Tour of Fame . She then made her West-End debut in the same role at the Aldwych Theatre . She understudied and played the role of The Mistress in Andrew Lloyd Webber 's West-End revival of Evita at the Adelphi Theatre , directed by Michael Grandage . She was also part of the original cast recording . Leila then starred as Christine in The Phantom of the Opera at Her Majesty 's Theatre , for which she was nominated for a 2008 Whatsonstage.com Theatregoers ' Choice Award for Best Takeover in a Role . To follow , Leila starred in the 2008 Production Imagine This at the New London Theatre in the title role of Rebecca , for which she was nominated for her second 2008 Whatsonstage.com Theatregoers ' Choice Award , this time for Best Leading Actress in a Musical . Other theatre performances include : the title role of Emily in From Up Here at Trafalgar Studios 2 and Liberation Day at The National Theatre Studio . She completed several workshops of the Cat Stevens musical Moonshadow in which she played the lead role of Anees , and appeared in Chess in Concert with Idina Menzel & Josh Groban , to be released on DVD . Leila then completed the run of John Doyle 's revival of Oklahoma ! at The Chichester Festival Theatre - playing the title role of Laurey . Most recently Leila appeared in the critically acclaimed Enron at The Noël Coward Theatre in association with The Royal Court , directed by Rupert Goold . ", "Petra Letang -LRB- born 4 May 1979 in Plaistow , London , England -RRB- is a British actress , probably best known for her role as Naomi Julien in the BBC soap opera EastEnders and Adele Effanga in Holby City . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar", "Reserve_currency", "United_States_customary_units", "Hawaiian_dollar", "United_States_Note" ]

[ "Besides being the main currency of the United States , the American dollar is used as the standard unit of currency in international markets for commodities such as gold and petroleum -LRB- the latter , sometimes called petrocurrency , is the source of the term petrodollar -RRB- . Some non-U.S. companies dealing in globalized markets , such as Airbus , list their prices in dollars . The U.S. dollar is the world 's foremost reserve currency . In addition to holdings by central banks and other institutions , there are many private holdings , which are believed to be mostly in one-hundred-dollar banknotes -LRB- indeed , most American banknotes actually are held outside the United States -RRB- . All holdings of U.S.-dollar bank deposits held by non-residents of the United States are known as `` eurodollars '' -LRB- not to be confused with the euro -RRB- , regardless of the location of the bank holding the deposit -LRB- which may be inside or outside the U.S. -RRB- . Economist Paul Samuelson and others -LRB- including , at his death , Milton Friedman -RRB- have maintained that the overseas demand for dollars allows the United States to maintain persistent trade deficits without causing the value of the currency to depreciate or the flow of trade to readjust . But Samuelson stated in 2005 that at some uncertain future period these pressures would precipitate a run against the U.S. dollar with serious global financial consequences . ", "A reserve currency -LRB- or anchor currency -RRB- is a currency that is held in significant quantities by governments and institutions as part of their foreign exchange reserves . The reserve currency is commonly used in international transactions , international investments and all aspects of the global economy . It is often considered a hard currency or safe-haven currency . People who live in a country that issues a reserve currency can purchase imports and borrow across borders more cheaply than people in other nations because they do not need to exchange their currency to do so . By the end of the 20th century , the United States dollar was considered the world 's most dominant reserve currency , followed by the Euro . The world 's need for dollars has allowed the United States government as well as Americans to borrow at lower costs , granting them an advantage in excess of $ 100 billion per year . However , the U.S. dollar 's status as a reserve currency , by increasing its value , hurts U.S. exporters . ", "United States customary units are a system of measurements commonly used in the United States . The United States customary system -LRB- USCS or USC -RRB- developed from English units which were in use in the British Empire before the U.S. became an independent country . However , the United Kingdom 's system of measures was overhauled in 1824 to create the imperial system , changing the definitions of some units . Therefore , while many U.S. units are essentially similar to their Imperial counterparts , there are significant differences between the systems . The majority of U.S. customary units were redefined in terms of the meter and the kilogram with the Mendenhall Order of 1893 and , in practice , for many years before . These definitions were refined by the international yard and pound agreement of 1959 . Americans primarily use customary units in commercial activities , as well as for personal and social use . In science , medicine , many sectors of industry and some of government and military , metric units are used . The International System of Units -LRB- SI -RRB- , the modern form of the metric system , is preferred for many uses by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology -LRB- NIST -RRB- . ", "The dollar or dala was the currency of Hawaii between 1847 and 1898 . It was equal to the United States dollar and was divided into 100 cents or keneta . Only sporadic issues were made , which circulated alongside United States currency . ", "A United States Note , also known as a Legal Tender Note , is a type of paper money that was issued from 1862 to 1971 in the U.S. Having been current for more than 100 years , they were issued for longer than any other form of U.S. paper money . They were known popularly as `` greenbacks '' , a name inherited from the earlier greenbacks , the Demand Notes , that they replaced during 1862 . Often termed Legal Tender Notes , they were named United States Notes by the First Legal Tender Act , which authorized them as a form of fiat currency . During the 1860s the so-called second obligation on the reverse of the notes stated : They were originally issued directly into circulation by the U.S. Treasury to pay expenses incurred by the Union during the American Civil War . During the next century , the legislation governing these notes was modified many times and numerous versions were issued by the Treasury . United States Notes that were issued in the large-size format , before 1929 , differ dramatically in appearance when compared to modern American currency , but those issued in the small-size format , starting 1929 , are very similar to contemporary Federal Reserve Notes with the distinction of having red U.S. Treasury Seals and serial numbers in place of green ones . Existing United States Notes remain valid currency in the United States ; however , as no United States Notes have been issued since January 1971 , they are increasingly rare in circulation . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar", "Reserve_currency", "United_States_customary_units", "Hawaiian_dollar", "United_States_Note" ]

[ "Besides being the main currency of the United States , the American dollar is used as the standard unit of currency in international markets for commodities such as gold and petroleum -LRB- the latter , sometimes called petrocurrency , is the source of the term petrodollar -RRB- . Some non-U.S. companies dealing in globalized markets , such as Airbus , list their prices in dollars . The U.S. dollar is the world 's foremost reserve currency . In addition to holdings by central banks and other institutions , there are many private holdings , which are believed to be mostly in one-hundred-dollar banknotes -LRB- indeed , most American banknotes actually are held outside the United States -RRB- . All holdings of U.S.-dollar bank deposits held by non-residents of the United States are known as `` eurodollars '' -LRB- not to be confused with the euro -RRB- , regardless of the location of the bank holding the deposit -LRB- which may be inside or outside the U.S. -RRB- . Economist Paul Samuelson and others -LRB- including , at his death , Milton Friedman -RRB- have maintained that the overseas demand for dollars allows the United States to maintain persistent trade deficits without causing the value of the currency to depreciate or the flow of trade to readjust . But Samuelson stated in 2005 that at some uncertain future period these pressures would precipitate a run against the U.S. dollar with serious global financial consequences . ", "A reserve currency -LRB- or anchor currency -RRB- is a currency that is held in significant quantities by governments and institutions as part of their foreign exchange reserves . The reserve currency is commonly used in international transactions , international investments and all aspects of the global economy . It is often considered a hard currency or safe-haven currency . People who live in a country that issues a reserve currency can purchase imports and borrow across borders more cheaply than people in other nations because they do not need to exchange their currency to do so . By the end of the 20th century , the United States dollar was considered the world 's most dominant reserve currency , followed by the Euro . The world 's need for dollars has allowed the United States government as well as Americans to borrow at lower costs , granting them an advantage in excess of $ 100 billion per year . However , the U.S. dollar 's status as a reserve currency , by increasing its value , hurts U.S. exporters . ", "United States customary units are a system of measurements commonly used in the United States . The United States customary system -LRB- USCS or USC -RRB- developed from English units which were in use in the British Empire before the U.S. became an independent country . However , the United Kingdom 's system of measures was overhauled in 1824 to create the imperial system , changing the definitions of some units . Therefore , while many U.S. units are essentially similar to their Imperial counterparts , there are significant differences between the systems . The majority of U.S. customary units were redefined in terms of the meter and the kilogram with the Mendenhall Order of 1893 and , in practice , for many years before . These definitions were refined by the international yard and pound agreement of 1959 . Americans primarily use customary units in commercial activities , as well as for personal and social use . In science , medicine , many sectors of industry and some of government and military , metric units are used . The International System of Units -LRB- SI -RRB- , the modern form of the metric system , is preferred for many uses by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology -LRB- NIST -RRB- . ", "The dollar or dala was the currency of Hawaii between 1847 and 1898 . It was equal to the United States dollar and was divided into 100 cents or keneta . Only sporadic issues were made , which circulated alongside United States currency . ", "A United States Note , also known as a Legal Tender Note , is a type of paper money that was issued from 1862 to 1971 in the U.S. Having been current for more than 100 years , they were issued for longer than any other form of U.S. paper money . They were known popularly as `` greenbacks '' , a name inherited from the earlier greenbacks , the Demand Notes , that they replaced during 1862 . Often termed Legal Tender Notes , they were named United States Notes by the First Legal Tender Act , which authorized them as a form of fiat currency . During the 1860s the so-called second obligation on the reverse of the notes stated : They were originally issued directly into circulation by the U.S. Treasury to pay expenses incurred by the Union during the American Civil War . During the next century , the legislation governing these notes was modified many times and numerous versions were issued by the Treasury . United States Notes that were issued in the large-size format , before 1929 , differ dramatically in appearance when compared to modern American currency , but those issued in the small-size format , starting 1929 , are very similar to contemporary Federal Reserve Notes with the distinction of having red U.S. Treasury Seals and serial numbers in place of green ones . Existing United States Notes remain valid currency in the United States ; however , as no United States Notes have been issued since January 1971 , they are increasingly rare in circulation . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]