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[ "Thomas_Boleyn,_1st_Earl_of_Wiltshire", "Anne_Boleyn", "Hever_Castle", "Anne_Gøye", "Ann_-LRB-Radcliffe-RRB-_Mowlson" ]

[ "Thomas Boleyn , 1st Earl of Wiltshire , 1st Earl of Ormond , 1st Viscount Rochford KG KB -LRB- c. 1477 -- 12 March 1539 -RRB- was an English diplomat and politician in the Tudor era . He was born at the family home , Hever Castle , Kent , which had been purchased by his grandfather Sir Geoffrey Boleyn , who was a wealthy mercer . He was buried at St. Peter 's parish church in the village of Hever . His parents were Sir William Boleyn -LRB- 1451 -- 10 October 1505 -RRB- and Lady Margaret Butler -LRB- 1454 -- 1539 -RRB- . He was the father of Anne Boleyn , the second wife of Henry VIII of England . As such , he was the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. ", "Anne Boleyn -LRB- -LSB- ˈbʊlɪn -RSB- , -LSB- bəˈlɪn -RSB- or -LSB- bʊˈlɪn -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- 1501 -- 19 May 1536 -RRB- was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henry VIII , and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right . Henry 's marriage to her , and her subsequent execution by beheading , made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the start of the English Reformation . Her daughter Elizabeth would later succeed Henry VIII as Elizabeth I , Queen of England and Ireland . Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn , 1st Earl of Wiltshire , and his wife , Lady Elizabeth Howard , and was educated in the Netherlands and France , largely as a maid of honour to Claude of France . Anne returned to England in early 1522 , to marry her Irish cousin James Butler , 9th Earl of Ormond ; the marriage plans were broken up by Cardinal Wolsey , and instead she secured a post at court as maid of honour to Henry VIII 's wife , Catherine of Aragon . Early in 1523 Anne was secretly betrothed to Henry Percy , son of the 5th Earl of Northumberland , but the betrothal was broken by Cardinal Wolsey in January 1524 and Anne was sent back home to Hever Castle . In February/March 1526 , Henry VIII began his pursuit of Anne . She resisted his attempts to seduce her , refusing to become his mistress -- which her sister Mary had been . It soon became the one absorbing object of Henry 's desires to annul his marriage to Queen Catherine so he would be free to marry Anne . When it became clear that Pope Clement VII would not annul the marriage , the breaking of the power of the Catholic Church in England began . In 1532 , Henry granted Anne the Marquessate of Pembroke . Henry and Anne married on 25 January 1533 , after a secret marriage on 14 November 1532 . On 23 May 1533 , newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declared Henry and Catherine 's marriage null and void ; five days later , he declared Henry and Anne 's marriage valid . Shortly afterwards , the Pope decreed sentences of excommunication against Henry and Cranmer . As a result of this marriage and these excommunications , the first break between the Church of England and Rome took place and the Church of England was brought under the King 's control . Anne was crowned Queen of England on 1 June 1533 . On 7 September , she gave birth to the future Queen Elizabeth I. Henry was disappointed to have a daughter rather than a son but hoped a son would follow and professed to love Elizabeth . Anne subsequently had three miscarriages , and by March 1536 , Henry was courting Jane Seymour . In order to marry Jane Seymour , Henry had to find reasons for his marriage with Anne to end . Henry had Anne investigated for high treason in April 1536 . On 2 May she was arrested and sent to the Tower of London , where she was tried before a jury of peers -- which included Henry Percy , her former betrothed , and her own uncle , Thomas Howard -- and found guilty on 15 May . She was beheaded four days later . Modern historians view the charges against her , which included adultery , incest , and plotting to kill the king , as unconvincing . Some say that Anne was accused of witchcraft but the indictments make no mention of this charge . After the coronation of her daughter , Elizabeth , as queen , Anne was venerated as a martyr and heroine of the English Reformation , particularly through the works of John Foxe . Over the centuries , she has inspired , or been mentioned , in many artistic and cultural works and thereby retained her hold on the popular imagination . She has been called `` the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had '' , for she provided the occasion for Henry VIII to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and declare his independence from the Holy See . ", "Hever Castle is located in the village of Hever , Kent , near Edenbridge , 30 mi south-east of London , England . It began as a country house , built in the 13th century . From 1462 to 1539 , it was the seat of the Boleyn -LRB- originally ` Bullen ' -RRB- family . Anne Boleyn , the second queen consort of King Henry VIII of England , spent her early youth there after her father , Thomas Boleyn , inherited it in 1505 . He had been born there in 1477 , and the castle passed to him upon the death of his father , Sir William Boleyn . It later came into the possession of King Henry VIII 's fourth wife , Anne of Cleves . The castle is now open to the public as a tourist attraction . ", "Anne Gøye -LRB- 18 December 1609 -- 9 January 1681 -RRB- was a Danish noblewoman and a book collector . The daughter of Henrik Gøye of Skørringe -LRB- 1562-1611 -RRB- and Brigitte Brahe -LRB- 1576-1619 -RRB- , she spent much of her childhood with her aunt Sophie Brahe and her husband Holger Rosenkrantz in Rosenholm Castle . In 1660 , she set up her own home in Næstved but in 1673 moved to Odense where she lived in what is now known as Odense Adelige Jomfrukloster . Gøye is remembered principally for her collection of Danish literature which she began to put together in Næstved , creating a library of some 900 printed books . On her death , she left the collection to her great niece Karen Brahe who subsequently expanded it . It is now housed in the Karen Brahe Library in Odense . ", "Lady Anne Moulson -LRB- sometimes Ann and/or Mowlson -RRB- , born Anne Radcliffe -LRB- sometimes Radclyffe -RRB- -LRB- 1576-1661 -RRB- , was an early benefactor of the fledgling colonial Harvard College . She is remembered today in the name of Radcliffe College . Ann Radcliffe was the daughter of Anthony Radcliffe of London -LRB- died 1603 -RRB- and Elizabeth Bright . In 1600 she was married to Thomas Moulson , an alderman and member of the Grocers ' Company who served as Lord Mayor of London in 1634 . They owned and operated an inn in London . They had two children but both died young . Thomas Moulson died in 1638 , leaving the customary half of his estate to his widow Anne . Ann had a head for business and managed her own business for the next twenty-three years . In addition to the inn , she loaned money and invested in import ventures . She was also active in the puritan cause , contributing toward hiring a puritan lecturer in her parish and giving generously to other charities . In 1643 she donated some of her money to found the first endowed scholarship at Harvard . When in 1894 the women 's annex to the university was chartered as a full college , it was given the name of Harvard 's first female benefactor . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Thomas_Boleyn,_1st_Earl_of_Wiltshire", "Anne_Boleyn", "Hever_Castle", "Anne_Gøye", "Ann_-LRB-Radcliffe-RRB-_Mowlson" ]

[ "Thomas Boleyn , 1st Earl of Wiltshire , 1st Earl of Ormond , 1st Viscount Rochford KG KB -LRB- c. 1477 -- 12 March 1539 -RRB- was an English diplomat and politician in the Tudor era . He was born at the family home , Hever Castle , Kent , which had been purchased by his grandfather Sir Geoffrey Boleyn , who was a wealthy mercer . He was buried at St. Peter 's parish church in the village of Hever . His parents were Sir William Boleyn -LRB- 1451 -- 10 October 1505 -RRB- and Lady Margaret Butler -LRB- 1454 -- 1539 -RRB- . He was the father of Anne Boleyn , the second wife of Henry VIII of England . As such , he was the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. ", "Anne Boleyn -LRB- -LSB- ˈbʊlɪn -RSB- , -LSB- bəˈlɪn -RSB- or -LSB- bʊˈlɪn -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- 1501 -- 19 May 1536 -RRB- was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henry VIII , and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right . Henry 's marriage to her , and her subsequent execution by beheading , made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the start of the English Reformation . Her daughter Elizabeth would later succeed Henry VIII as Elizabeth I , Queen of England and Ireland . Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn , 1st Earl of Wiltshire , and his wife , Lady Elizabeth Howard , and was educated in the Netherlands and France , largely as a maid of honour to Claude of France . Anne returned to England in early 1522 , to marry her Irish cousin James Butler , 9th Earl of Ormond ; the marriage plans were broken up by Cardinal Wolsey , and instead she secured a post at court as maid of honour to Henry VIII 's wife , Catherine of Aragon . Early in 1523 Anne was secretly betrothed to Henry Percy , son of the 5th Earl of Northumberland , but the betrothal was broken by Cardinal Wolsey in January 1524 and Anne was sent back home to Hever Castle . In February/March 1526 , Henry VIII began his pursuit of Anne . She resisted his attempts to seduce her , refusing to become his mistress -- which her sister Mary had been . It soon became the one absorbing object of Henry 's desires to annul his marriage to Queen Catherine so he would be free to marry Anne . When it became clear that Pope Clement VII would not annul the marriage , the breaking of the power of the Catholic Church in England began . In 1532 , Henry granted Anne the Marquessate of Pembroke . Henry and Anne married on 25 January 1533 , after a secret marriage on 14 November 1532 . On 23 May 1533 , newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declared Henry and Catherine 's marriage null and void ; five days later , he declared Henry and Anne 's marriage valid . Shortly afterwards , the Pope decreed sentences of excommunication against Henry and Cranmer . As a result of this marriage and these excommunications , the first break between the Church of England and Rome took place and the Church of England was brought under the King 's control . Anne was crowned Queen of England on 1 June 1533 . On 7 September , she gave birth to the future Queen Elizabeth I. Henry was disappointed to have a daughter rather than a son but hoped a son would follow and professed to love Elizabeth . Anne subsequently had three miscarriages , and by March 1536 , Henry was courting Jane Seymour . In order to marry Jane Seymour , Henry had to find reasons for his marriage with Anne to end . Henry had Anne investigated for high treason in April 1536 . On 2 May she was arrested and sent to the Tower of London , where she was tried before a jury of peers -- which included Henry Percy , her former betrothed , and her own uncle , Thomas Howard -- and found guilty on 15 May . She was beheaded four days later . Modern historians view the charges against her , which included adultery , incest , and plotting to kill the king , as unconvincing . Some say that Anne was accused of witchcraft but the indictments make no mention of this charge . After the coronation of her daughter , Elizabeth , as queen , Anne was venerated as a martyr and heroine of the English Reformation , particularly through the works of John Foxe . Over the centuries , she has inspired , or been mentioned , in many artistic and cultural works and thereby retained her hold on the popular imagination . She has been called `` the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had '' , for she provided the occasion for Henry VIII to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and declare his independence from the Holy See . ", "Hever Castle is located in the village of Hever , Kent , near Edenbridge , 30 mi south-east of London , England . It began as a country house , built in the 13th century . From 1462 to 1539 , it was the seat of the Boleyn -LRB- originally ` Bullen ' -RRB- family . Anne Boleyn , the second queen consort of King Henry VIII of England , spent her early youth there after her father , Thomas Boleyn , inherited it in 1505 . He had been born there in 1477 , and the castle passed to him upon the death of his father , Sir William Boleyn . It later came into the possession of King Henry VIII 's fourth wife , Anne of Cleves . The castle is now open to the public as a tourist attraction . ", "Anne Gøye -LRB- 18 December 1609 -- 9 January 1681 -RRB- was a Danish noblewoman and a book collector . The daughter of Henrik Gøye of Skørringe -LRB- 1562-1611 -RRB- and Brigitte Brahe -LRB- 1576-1619 -RRB- , she spent much of her childhood with her aunt Sophie Brahe and her husband Holger Rosenkrantz in Rosenholm Castle . In 1660 , she set up her own home in Næstved but in 1673 moved to Odense where she lived in what is now known as Odense Adelige Jomfrukloster . Gøye is remembered principally for her collection of Danish literature which she began to put together in Næstved , creating a library of some 900 printed books . On her death , she left the collection to her great niece Karen Brahe who subsequently expanded it . It is now housed in the Karen Brahe Library in Odense . ", "Lady Anne Moulson -LRB- sometimes Ann and/or Mowlson -RRB- , born Anne Radcliffe -LRB- sometimes Radclyffe -RRB- -LRB- 1576-1661 -RRB- , was an early benefactor of the fledgling colonial Harvard College . She is remembered today in the name of Radcliffe College . Ann Radcliffe was the daughter of Anthony Radcliffe of London -LRB- died 1603 -RRB- and Elizabeth Bright . In 1600 she was married to Thomas Moulson , an alderman and member of the Grocers ' Company who served as Lord Mayor of London in 1634 . They owned and operated an inn in London . They had two children but both died young . Thomas Moulson died in 1638 , leaving the customary half of his estate to his widow Anne . Ann had a head for business and managed her own business for the next twenty-three years . In addition to the inn , she loaned money and invested in import ventures . She was also active in the puritan cause , contributing toward hiring a puritan lecturer in her parish and giving generously to other charities . In 1643 she donated some of her money to found the first endowed scholarship at Harvard . When in 1894 the women 's annex to the university was chartered as a full college , it was given the name of Harvard 's first female benefactor . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Thomas_Boleyn,_1st_Earl_of_Wiltshire", "Anne_Boleyn", "Hever_Castle", "Anne_Gøye", "Ann_-LRB-Radcliffe-RRB-_Mowlson" ]

[ "Thomas Boleyn , 1st Earl of Wiltshire , 1st Earl of Ormond , 1st Viscount Rochford KG KB -LRB- c. 1477 -- 12 March 1539 -RRB- was an English diplomat and politician in the Tudor era . He was born at the family home , Hever Castle , Kent , which had been purchased by his grandfather Sir Geoffrey Boleyn , who was a wealthy mercer . He was buried at St. Peter 's parish church in the village of Hever . His parents were Sir William Boleyn -LRB- 1451 -- 10 October 1505 -RRB- and Lady Margaret Butler -LRB- 1454 -- 1539 -RRB- . He was the father of Anne Boleyn , the second wife of Henry VIII of England . As such , he was the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. ", "Anne Boleyn -LRB- -LSB- ˈbʊlɪn -RSB- , -LSB- bəˈlɪn -RSB- or -LSB- bʊˈlɪn -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- 1501 -- 19 May 1536 -RRB- was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henry VIII , and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right . Henry 's marriage to her , and her subsequent execution by beheading , made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the start of the English Reformation . Her daughter Elizabeth would later succeed Henry VIII as Elizabeth I , Queen of England and Ireland . Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn , 1st Earl of Wiltshire , and his wife , Lady Elizabeth Howard , and was educated in the Netherlands and France , largely as a maid of honour to Claude of France . Anne returned to England in early 1522 , to marry her Irish cousin James Butler , 9th Earl of Ormond ; the marriage plans were broken up by Cardinal Wolsey , and instead she secured a post at court as maid of honour to Henry VIII 's wife , Catherine of Aragon . Early in 1523 Anne was secretly betrothed to Henry Percy , son of the 5th Earl of Northumberland , but the betrothal was broken by Cardinal Wolsey in January 1524 and Anne was sent back home to Hever Castle . In February/March 1526 , Henry VIII began his pursuit of Anne . She resisted his attempts to seduce her , refusing to become his mistress -- which her sister Mary had been . It soon became the one absorbing object of Henry 's desires to annul his marriage to Queen Catherine so he would be free to marry Anne . When it became clear that Pope Clement VII would not annul the marriage , the breaking of the power of the Catholic Church in England began . In 1532 , Henry granted Anne the Marquessate of Pembroke . Henry and Anne married on 25 January 1533 , after a secret marriage on 14 November 1532 . On 23 May 1533 , newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declared Henry and Catherine 's marriage null and void ; five days later , he declared Henry and Anne 's marriage valid . Shortly afterwards , the Pope decreed sentences of excommunication against Henry and Cranmer . As a result of this marriage and these excommunications , the first break between the Church of England and Rome took place and the Church of England was brought under the King 's control . Anne was crowned Queen of England on 1 June 1533 . On 7 September , she gave birth to the future Queen Elizabeth I. Henry was disappointed to have a daughter rather than a son but hoped a son would follow and professed to love Elizabeth . Anne subsequently had three miscarriages , and by March 1536 , Henry was courting Jane Seymour . In order to marry Jane Seymour , Henry had to find reasons for his marriage with Anne to end . Henry had Anne investigated for high treason in April 1536 . On 2 May she was arrested and sent to the Tower of London , where she was tried before a jury of peers -- which included Henry Percy , her former betrothed , and her own uncle , Thomas Howard -- and found guilty on 15 May . She was beheaded four days later . Modern historians view the charges against her , which included adultery , incest , and plotting to kill the king , as unconvincing . Some say that Anne was accused of witchcraft but the indictments make no mention of this charge . After the coronation of her daughter , Elizabeth , as queen , Anne was venerated as a martyr and heroine of the English Reformation , particularly through the works of John Foxe . Over the centuries , she has inspired , or been mentioned , in many artistic and cultural works and thereby retained her hold on the popular imagination . She has been called `` the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had '' , for she provided the occasion for Henry VIII to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and declare his independence from the Holy See . ", "Hever Castle is located in the village of Hever , Kent , near Edenbridge , 30 mi south-east of London , England . It began as a country house , built in the 13th century . From 1462 to 1539 , it was the seat of the Boleyn -LRB- originally ` Bullen ' -RRB- family . Anne Boleyn , the second queen consort of King Henry VIII of England , spent her early youth there after her father , Thomas Boleyn , inherited it in 1505 . He had been born there in 1477 , and the castle passed to him upon the death of his father , Sir William Boleyn . It later came into the possession of King Henry VIII 's fourth wife , Anne of Cleves . The castle is now open to the public as a tourist attraction . ", "Anne Gøye -LRB- 18 December 1609 -- 9 January 1681 -RRB- was a Danish noblewoman and a book collector . The daughter of Henrik Gøye of Skørringe -LRB- 1562-1611 -RRB- and Brigitte Brahe -LRB- 1576-1619 -RRB- , she spent much of her childhood with her aunt Sophie Brahe and her husband Holger Rosenkrantz in Rosenholm Castle . In 1660 , she set up her own home in Næstved but in 1673 moved to Odense where she lived in what is now known as Odense Adelige Jomfrukloster . Gøye is remembered principally for her collection of Danish literature which she began to put together in Næstved , creating a library of some 900 printed books . On her death , she left the collection to her great niece Karen Brahe who subsequently expanded it . It is now housed in the Karen Brahe Library in Odense . ", "Lady Anne Moulson -LRB- sometimes Ann and/or Mowlson -RRB- , born Anne Radcliffe -LRB- sometimes Radclyffe -RRB- -LRB- 1576-1661 -RRB- , was an early benefactor of the fledgling colonial Harvard College . She is remembered today in the name of Radcliffe College . Ann Radcliffe was the daughter of Anthony Radcliffe of London -LRB- died 1603 -RRB- and Elizabeth Bright . In 1600 she was married to Thomas Moulson , an alderman and member of the Grocers ' Company who served as Lord Mayor of London in 1634 . They owned and operated an inn in London . They had two children but both died young . Thomas Moulson died in 1638 , leaving the customary half of his estate to his widow Anne . Ann had a head for business and managed her own business for the next twenty-three years . In addition to the inn , she loaned money and invested in import ventures . She was also active in the puritan cause , contributing toward hiring a puritan lecturer in her parish and giving generously to other charities . In 1643 she donated some of her money to found the first endowed scholarship at Harvard . When in 1894 the women 's annex to the university was chartered as a full college , it was given the name of Harvard 's first female benefactor . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Elizabeth_of_York", "Elizabeth_I_of_England", "Margaret_Holland,_Duchess_of_Clarence", "Edward_Courtenay,_1st_Earl_of_Devon", "William_Somerset,_3rd_Earl_of_Worcester" ]

[ "Elizabeth of York -LRB- 11 February 1466 -- 11 February 1503 -RRB- was queen consort of England from 1486 until her death . As the wife of Henry VII , she was the first Tudor queen . She was the daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III , and she married the king following Henry 's victory at the Battle of Bosworth which started the last phase of the Wars of the Roses . She was the mother of King Henry VIII . Therefore , she was the daughter , sister , niece , wife , mother and grandmother of successive Kings of England . The period of Henry VI 's readaption from October 1470 until April 1471 and the period between her father 's death in 1483 , when she was 17 , and the making of peace between her mother and her uncle Richard were violent and anxious interludes in what was mostly a peaceful life . Her two brothers disappeared , the `` Princes in the Tower '' , their fate unknown . She was welcomed back to court by her Uncle Richard III , along with all of her sisters . As a Yorkist princess , the final victory of the Lancastrian faction in the War of the Roses may have seemed a further disaster , but Henry Tudor knew the importance of Yorkist support for his invasion and promised to marry her before he arrived in England ; this was an important move , which , however , failed to bring him the desired Yorkist support . Her marriage seems to have been successful , though her eldest son Arthur , Prince of Wales , died at age 15 in 1502 , and three other children died young . She seems to have played little part in politics . Her surviving children became a King of England and queens of France and Scotland ; it is through the Scottish Stuart dynasty that her many modern royal descendants trace their descent from her . ", "Elizabeth I -LRB- 7 September 1533 -- 24 March 1603 -RRB- was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death . Sometimes called The Virgin Queen , Gloriana or Good Queen Bess , the childless Elizabeth was the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty . Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn , his second wife , who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth 's birth . Anne 's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled , and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate . Her half-brother , Edward VI , ruled until his death in 1553 , bequeathing the crown to Lady Jane Grey and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters , Elizabeth and the Roman Catholic Mary , in spite of statute law to the contrary . Edward 's will was set aside and Mary became queen , deposing Lady Jane Grey . During Mary 's reign , Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels . In 1558 , Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel . She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers , led by William Cecil , 1st Baron Burghley . One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church , of which she became the Supreme Governor . This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England . It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir to continue the Tudor line . She never did , despite numerous courtships . As she grew older , Elizabeth became famous for her virginity . A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits , pageants , and literature of the day . In government , Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been . One of her mottoes was `` video et taceo '' -LRB- `` I see but say nothing '' -RRB- . In religion , she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution . After the pope declared her illegitimate in 1570 and released her subjects from obedience to her , several conspiracies threatened her life , all of which were defeated with the help of her ministers ' secret service . Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs , manoeuvring between the major powers of France and Spain . She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective , poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands , France , and Ireland . By the mid-1580s , England could no longer avoid war with Spain . England 's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history . Elizabeth 's reign is known as the Elizabethan era . The period is famous for the flourishing of English drama , led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe , and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake . Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered , sometimes indecisive ruler , who enjoyed more than her share of luck . Towards the end of her reign , a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity . Elizabeth is acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor in an era when government was ramshackle and limited , and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones . Such was the case with Elizabeth 's rival , Mary , Queen of Scots , whom she imprisoned in 1568 and had executed in 1587 . After the short reigns of Elizabeth 's half-siblings , her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity . ", "Margaret Holland , Countess of Somerset -LRB- 1385 -- 31 December 1439 -RRB- was the daughter of Thomas Holland , 2nd Earl of Kent , who was the son of Joan `` the Fair Maid of Kent '' -LRB- granddaughter of Edward I of England , wife of Edward the Black Prince and mother of Richard II of England -RRB- . Margaret 's mother was Alice FitzAlan , daughter of Richard FitzAlan , 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster . Margaret married John Beaufort , 1st Earl of Somerset , son of John of Gaunt , 1st Duke of Lancaster and his mistress Katherine Swynford . They had six children : Henry Beaufort , 2nd Earl of Somerset -LRB- c. 1401 -- 25 November 1418 -RRB- . John Beaufort , 1st Duke of Somerset -LRB- baptized 25 March 1404 -- 27 May 1444 -RRB- . Thomas Beaufort , Count of Perche -LRB- c. 1405 -- 1431 -RRB- . Lady Joan Beaufort -LRB- c. 1406 -- 15 July 1445 -RRB- , who married James I of Scotland and Sir James Stewart , the Black Knight of Lorn . Edmund Beaufort , 2nd Duke of Somerset -LRB- c. 1406 -- 22 May 1455 -RRB- . Lady Margaret Beaufort , Countess of Devon -LRB- c. 1409 -- 1449 -RRB- , married Thomas de Courtenay , 13th Earl of Devon . In 1399 , she was invested as a Lady Companion , Order of the Garter -LRB- L.G. -RRB- . After Beaufort died in 1410 -LRB- in the Tower of London -RRB- , she married his nephew Thomas of Lancaster , 1st Duke of Clarence , the son of King Henry IV . They had no children . She died on 31 December 1439 at St. Saviour 's Abbey , Bermondsey , in London , England . Margaret and both her husbands are buried together in a carved alabaster tomb in Canterbury Cathedral that shows her lying between the two of them . ", "Edward Courtenay , 1st Earl of Devon -LRB- c. 1527 -- 18 September 1556 -RRB- was an English nobleman during the rule of the Tudor dynasty . Born into a family with close royal connections , he was at various times considered a possible match for the two daughters of Henry VIII , both of whom became queens regnant of England . He was a second cousin to Edward VI , Mary I and Elizabeth I through King Edward IV . ", "William Somerset , 3rd Earl of Worcester , KG -LRB- c. 1526/7 -- 21 February 1589 -RRB- was the eldest son of Henry Somerset , 2nd Earl of Worcester and his second wife Elizabeth Browne . On 26 November 1549 , he succeeded his father and became the 3rd Earl of Worcester . Before 19 May 1550 , Worcester married Christiana North . She was a daughter of Edward North , 1st Baron North and his wife Alice Squire . They were parents to three children : Edward Somerset , 4th Earl of Worcester -LRB- d. 3 March 1628 -RRB- . Elizabeth Somerset . Married William Windsor . He was a namesake son of William Windsor , 2nd Baron Windsor by his wife Margaret Sambourne . Lucy Somerset . Married Henry Herbert , Esquire . Worcester supported Lady Jane Grey in 1553 . He was invested as Knight , Order of the Garter -LRB- K.G. -RRB- in 1570 . William Somerset died at his house Hackney on 21 February 1589 and was buried in the Church of St Cadoc , Raglan , Monmouthshire . He was a patron of the arts , and sponsored - among others - the eminent Elizabethan actor Edward Alleyn . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Edward_Cullen", "Bella_Swan", "Twilight_-LRB-Meyer_novel-RRB-", "Heidi_Cullen", "Alfie_Cullen" ]

[ "Edward Cullen -LRB- né Edward Anthony Masen -RRB- is a fictional character in Stephenie Meyer 's Twilight series . He is featured in the books Twilight , New Moon , Eclipse and Breaking Dawn , and their corresponding film adaptations , and the as yet unfinished novel Midnight Sun -- a re-telling of the events of Twilight from Edward 's perspective . Edward is a telepathic vampire who , over the course of the series , falls in love with , marries , and has a child with Bella Swan , a human teenager who later chooses to become a vampire as well . In the Twilight film series , Edward is played by actor Robert Pattinson . ", "Isabella Marie `` Bella '' Swan -LRB- later Bella Cullen -RRB- is a character and the protagonist of the Twilight series , written by Stephenie Meyer . The Twilight series , consisting of the novels Twilight , New Moon , Eclipse , and Breaking Dawn , is primarily narrated from Bella 's point of view . In the film series , Bella is portrayed by actress Kristen Stewart . In Twilight , Bella moves to her father 's home in Forks , Washington , meets the mysterious Cullen family , and falls in love with Edward Cullen . However , she soon discovers that the family is a coven of vampires . Bella expresses a desire to become a vampire herself , against Edward 's wishes.She attracts the attention of three nomads , Victoria , James and Laurent . In the second novel , New Moon , Edward and the other Cullens leave Forks in an effort to keep Bella safe from the vampire world . Jacob Black , a member of the Quileute tribe who is also a shape shifter taking a wolf form , comforts the distraught and severely depressed Bella . She comes to care deeply for Jacob , though less than she loves Edward . At the end of Eclipse , Bella becomes engaged to Edward , and they marry in Breaking Dawn . On their honeymoon , she becomes pregnant by Edward and , due to the peculiar nature of her baby , Bella nearly dies giving birth to their daughter , Renesmee Cullen . Edward turns her into a vampire to save her life . She later faces problems from the Volturi . ", "Twilight -LRB- stylized as twilight -RRB- -LRB- 2005 -RRB- is a young adult vampire-romance novel by author Stephenie Meyer . It is the first book in the Twilight series , and introduces seventeen-year-old Isabella `` Bella '' Swan , who moves from Phoenix , Arizona to Forks , Washington . She is endangered after falling in love with Edward Cullen , a vampire . Additional novels in the series are New Moon , Eclipse , and Breaking Dawn . Twilight received lukewarm reviews . Some praised the novel 's tone and its portrayal of common teenage emotions such as alienation and rebellion . Others criticized Meyer 's prose and argued the story was lacking in character development . It reached number five on the New York Times bestseller list within a month of its release and eventually reached first place . The novel was named one of Publishers Weekly 's Best Children 's Books of 2005 . The film adaptation , released in 2008 , was a commercial success , grossing more than $ 392 million worldwide and making an additional $ 157 million in North American DVD sales as of July 2009 . The book was the biggest-selling of 2008 ; in 2009 , it was the second-biggest selling , losing only to its sequel New Moon . As of 2008 , Twilight has been translated into 37 different languages . In October 2015 , Stephanie Meyer announced a new gender-swapped version of the novel , entitled Life and Death : Twilight Reimagined , with characters Beau and Edythe , in honor of the 10th anniversary of the Twilight saga . ", "Heidi Cullen is the chief scientist for the non-profit environmental organization , Climate Central , located in Princeton , New Jersey . In addition , she is a guest lecturer at nearby Princeton University , and the author of the book , The Weather of the Future . An expert and commentator about issues related to climate change and the environment , she was an on-air personality at The Weather Channel , and is a senior research fellow at the University of Pennsylvania -LRB- Penn -RRB- . ", "Alfred `` Alfie '' Cullen -LRB- 1914 -- 1998 -RRB- is an Irish hurler who played as a left wing-back and full-back for the Kilkenny senior team . Born in Kilkenny , Cullen first played competitive hurling during his schooling at CBS Kilkenny . He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of thirteen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team . He joined the senior panel during the 1936 championship . Cullen remained as a non-playing substitute for most of his career , however , he won two Leinster medals as a non-playing substitute . At club level Cullen continues began his career with Erin 's Own before later joining Dicksboro . Cullen retired from inter-county hurling prior to the start of the 1939 championship . In retirement from playing Cullen became involved in team management and coaching . As trainer he guided the Dicksboro minor team to three successive championships . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Samsung", "A4Tech", "Integrated_Device_Technology", "Hansol", "History_of_the_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" ]

[ "Samsung Group -LRB- ; -LSB- sʰamsʰʌŋ -RSB- -RRB- is a South Korean multinational conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town , Seoul . It comprises numerous affiliated businesses , most of them united under the Samsung brand , and is the largest South Korean chaebol -LRB- business conglomerate -RRB- . Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938 as a trading company . Over the next three decades , the group diversified into areas including food processing , textiles , insurance , securities and retail . Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s ; these areas would drive its subsequent growth . Following Lee 's death in 1987 , Samsung was separated into four business groups -- Samsung Group , Shinsegae Group , CJ Group and Hansol Group . Since 1990 , Samsung has increasingly globalised its activities and electronics ; in particular , its mobile phones and semiconductors have become its most important source of income . Notable Samsung industrial affiliates include Samsung Electronics -LRB- the world 's 2nd largest information technology company measured by 2015 revenues , and 5th in market value -RRB- , Samsung Heavy Industries -LRB- the world 's 2nd largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues -RRB- , and Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T -LRB- respectively the world 's 13th and 36th largest construction companies -RRB- . Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance -LRB- the world 's 14th largest life insurance company -RRB- , Samsung Everland -LRB- operator of Everland Resort , the oldest theme park in South Korea -RRB- and Cheil Worldwide -LRB- the world 's 15th largest advertising agency measured by 2012 revenues -RRB- . Samsung has a powerful influence on South Korea 's economic development , politics , media and culture and has been a major driving force behind the `` Miracle on the Han River '' . Its affiliate companies produce around a fifth of South Korea 's total exports . Samsung 's revenue was equal to 17 % of South Korea 's $ 1,082 billion GDP . ", "A4Tech Co. , Ltd. is a Taiwanese computer hardware and electronics company headquartered in Taipei , Taiwan . A4Tech Co. , Ltd. was founded in 1987 . Its products include computer peripherals such as keyboards , mice , PC cameras , hubs , headsets , speakers and gaming devices . ", "Integrated Device Technology , Inc. is a publicly traded American corporation headquartered in San Jose , California , that designs , manufactures , and markets low-power , high-performance mixed-signal semiconductor solutions for the advanced communications , computing , and consumer industries . The company markets its products primarily to original equipment manufacturers -LRB- OEMs -RRB- . Founded in 1980 , the company began as a provider of complementary metal-oxide semiconductors -LRB- CMOS -RRB- for the communications business segment and computing business segments . The company is focused on three major areas : communications infrastructure -LRB- wireless and wired -RRB- , high-performance computing , and advanced power management . ", "Hansol is a South Korean conglomerate , or chaebol . Its main operations are construction , electronics , tourism , chemicals , household interiors , paper products , telecom , and logistics . Hansol used to be a part of Samsung Group , and is still owned by one of the relatives of the Samsung and Shinsegae family . ", "Nintendo 's 8-bit video game console , the Nintendo Entertainment System -LRB- NES -RRB- , known in Japan as the or , was introduced after the video game crash of 1983 , and was instrumental in revitalizing the industry . It enjoyed a long lifespan and dominated the market during the rest of the decade . Facing obsolescence in 1990 with the advent of 16-bit consoles , it was supplanted by its successor , the Super Nintendo Entertainment System , but support and production continued until 1995 . After its discontinuation , interest in the NES has since been renewed by collectors and emulators , including Nintendo 's own Virtual Console platform . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Timur", "Khalil_Sultan", "Ibrahim_Inal", "Battle_of_Aslanduz", "Smolyani" ]

[ "Timur -LRB- تیمور Temūr , Chagatai : Temür , 9 April 1336 -- 18 February 1405 -RRB- , historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane -LRB- تيمور لنگ Temūr -LRB- - i -RRB- Lang , `` Timur the Lame '' -RRB- , was a Turco-Mongol conqueror . As the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia he became the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty . Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana on 9 April 1336 , Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370 . From that base he led military campaigns across Western , South and Central Asia , the Caucasus and southern Russia , and emerged as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria , the emerging Ottoman Empire , and the declining Delhi Sultanate . From these conquests he founded the Timurid Empire , but this empire fragmented shortly after his death . Timur is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe , and his empire set the stage for the rise of the more structured and lasting Gunpowder Empires in the 1500s and 1600s . According to John Joseph Saunders , Timur 's background was Iranized and not steppe nomad . Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan -LRB- died 1227 -RRB- . `` In his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights . He justified his Iranian , Mamluk , and Ottoman campaigns as a re-imposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers . To legitimize his conquests , Timur relied on Islamic symbols and language , referred to himself as the `` Sword of Islam '' , and patronized educational and religious institutions . He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime . `` Temur , a non-Chinggisid , tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire . '' Timur also decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna , styling himself a ghazi . By the end of his reign , Timur had gained complete control over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate , the Ilkhanate , and the Golden Horde , and even attempted to restore the Yuan dynasty in China . Timur 's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia , Africa , and Europe , sizable parts of which his campaigns laid to waste . Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people , amounting to about 5 % of the world population at the time . He was the grandfather of the renowned Timurid sultan , astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg , who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449 , and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur -LRB- 1483-1530 -RRB- , founder of the Mughal Empire , which ruled parts of South Asia for over three centuries , from 1526 until 1857 . Timur is also recognized as a great patron of art and architecture , as he interacted with Muslim intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru . ", "Khalil Sultan -LRB- Chagatai / خلیل سلطان -RRB- was the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana from 18 February 1405 to 1409 . He was a son of Miran Shah and a grandson of Timur . ", "Ibrahim Inal -LRB- died 1060 -RRB- was a Seljuk warlord , and a uterine brother of the sultan Tughril . In 1047 , Ibrahim wrested Hamadan and Kangavar from the Kakuyid ruler Garshasp I. Ibrahim later commanded a successful raid against the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire which culminated in the Battle of Kapetrou in September 1048 . The Arab chronicler Ibn al-Athir reports that he brought back 100,000 captives and a vast booty loaded on the backs of ten thousand camels . In 1058 , he revolted against his brother , but was eventually defeated and personally strangled by Toğrül with his bowstring at Baghdad . ", "The Battle of Aslanduz took place on 19 -- 20 October 1812 between Russia and Persia . The Persian Fath Ali Shah had his large army stationed in Aslanduz led by the heir to the throne , Abbas Mirza . The Russian squad , headed by the charismatic Major General Pyotr Kotlyarevsky , using the element of surprise night attack , routed the Persians who were still at sleep and quickly moved on to storm Lankaran victoriously in the beginning of 1813 , thus ending any Persian hopes of continuing the war or settling on even peace terms for both parties . ", "The Smolyani -LRB- смоляни in Byzantine sources Smolenoi or Smoleanoi -RRB- were a medieval Slavic tribe that settled in the Rhodope Mountains , the valley of the Mesta River and the region around Blagoevgrad Province , possibly in the 7th-8th century . The tribe revolted against the Byzantine authorities of Constantinople in 837 and were supported by Bulgarian ruler Presian , who , together with his deputy Kavhan Isbul , crossed the lands of the Smolyani and conquered the territory as far south as Philippi , including most of Macedonia . Later in the Middle Ages the Smolyani became an integral part of the Bulgarian ethnicity . The city of Smolyan in southern Bulgaria is named after this tribe . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Hammer_Film_Productions", "Sapphire_Films", "We_Buy_a_Hammer_for_Daddy", "Cruel_Gun_Story", "The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E._-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Hammer Film Productions is a British film production company based in London . Founded in 1934 , the company is best known for a series of Gothic `` Hammer Horror '' films made from the mid-1950s until the 1970s . Hammer also produced science fiction , thrillers , film noir and comedies -- and , in later years , television series . During its most successful years , Hammer dominated the horror film market , enjoying worldwide distribution and considerable financial success . This success was due , in part , to distribution partnerships with major United States studios , such as Warner Bros. . During the late 1960s and 1970s the saturation of the horror film market by competitors and the loss of American funding forced changes to the previously lucrative Hammer formula , with varying degrees of success . The company eventually ceased production in the mid-1980s . In 2000 , the studio was bought by a consortium including advertising executive and art collector Charles Saatchi and publishing millionaires Neil Mendoza and William Sieghart . The company announced plans to begin making films again after this , but none were produced . In May 2007 , the company was sold again , this time to a consortium headed by Dutch media tycoon John de Mol , who announced plans to spend some $ 50m -LRB- # 25m -RRB- on new horror films . The new owners also acquired the Hammer group 's film library , consisting of 295 movies . Simon Oakes , who took over as CEO of Hammer , said : `` Hammer is a great British brand -- we intend to take it back into production and develop its global potential . The brand is still alive but no one has invested in it for a long time '' . Since then it has produced several films , including Let Me In -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , The Resident -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Woman in Black -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and The Quiet Ones -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . ", "Sapphire Films Ltd. was a British television production company , active in the 1950s . Amongst their best-known series are The Adventures of Robin Hood , The Adventures of Sir Lancelot , The Buccaneers , and The Four Just Men produced for ITC Entertainment and screened on ITV in the UK , as well as being networked in the United States . Sapphire Films was founded by producer Hannah Weinstein with funds provided by the Hollywood branch of the Communist Party USA . Weinstein hired many blacklisted Hollywood writers to write scripts for The Adventures of Robin Hood and The Four Just Men under pseudonyms , and instituted elaborate security measures to ensure that the writers ' true identities remained secret . ", "We Buy a Hammer for Daddy is the debut studio album by English experimental rock band Lemon Kittens . It was released in 1980 , through record label United Diaries . ", "is a 1964 Japanese action film directed by Takumi Furukawa . This film was made available in North America when Janus Films released a special set of Nikkatsu Noir films as part of the Criterion Collection , also including I Am Waiting , Rusty Knife , Take Aim at the Police Van , and A Colt Is My Passport . ", "The Man from U.N.C.L.E. is a 2015 American action comedy film directed by Guy Ritchie and written by Ritchie and Lionel Wigram . It is based on the 1964 MGM television series of the same name , which was created by Ian Fleming , Norman Felton and Sam Rolfe . The film stars Henry Cavill , Armie Hammer , Alicia Vikander , Elizabeth Debicki , Jared Harris and Hugh Grant . The film was produced by RatPac-Dune Entertainment and Davis Entertainment . In 1993 , John Davis obtained the rights for a film adaptation based on the original series . However , the film fell into development hell due to multiple script rewrites . Over the years , Matthew Vaughn , David Dobkin and Steven Soderbergh were optioned for directing until Ritchie signed on in March 2013 . The film premiered at Barcelona on August 2 , 2015 and was released on August 14 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , receiving mixed reviews and was a box office disappointment , grossing only $ 109 million worldwide against a $ 75 million budget . Vikander , with a number of films that year , won awards from three different critics associations for Actor of the Year and Breakthrough Film Artist . The Man from U.N.C.L.E. was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 17 , 2015 by Warner Home Video . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Faye_Resnick", "Reva_Shayne", "Abdoulaye_Faye", "Bea_Benaderet", "Joanne_Woodward" ]

[ "Faye Denise Resnick -LRB- born July 3 , 1957 -RRB- is an American television personality , author , and interior designer . She is best known for her involvement in the O. J. Simpson murder trial and for her appearance on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills . ", "Reva Shayne is a fictional character on the long-running CBS daytime soap opera Guiding Light played by four-time Daytime Emmy Award winner Kim Zimmer from November 28 , 1983 to July 1990 and April 14 , 1995 until the show 's final episode on September 18 , 2009 . Zimmer has become such a celebrated performer that she is often considered to be an `` icon '' in the daytime drama industry . ", "Abdoulaye Diagne-Faye -LRB- born 26 February 1978 -RRB- , known as Abdoulaye Faye , is a Senegalese former footballer who played as a defender . Faye began his career playing for ASEC Ndiambour and Jeanne d'Arc in his native Senegal before moving to French side Lens in 2002 . After spending time out on loan at Istres he attracted the attentions of Sam Allardyce who signed him for Bolton Wanderers in July 2005 . After two seasons at Bolton he followed Allardyce to Newcastle United where he spent one season before joining Stoke City in August 2008 for # 2.25 million . Faye became a popular player at the Britannia Stadium in 2008 -- 2009 as he won the player of the year and was named captain by Tony Pulis for the 2009 -- 2010 season . He lost the capacity to Ryan Shawcross for 2010 -- 2011 and then had a third spell working with Allardyce at West Ham United . Faye helped the Hammers gain promotion to the Premier League in 2011 -- 12 before joining Hull City where he was again involved in a promotion winning season in 2012 -- 13 before being released at the end of the 2013 -- 14 season . ", "Beatrice `` Bea '' Benaderet -LRB- April 4 , 1902 -- October 13 , 1968 -RRB- was an American actress born in New York City and reared in San Francisco , California . Her major breaks in radio came on The Jack Benny Program and as a member of Orson Welles 's Mercury Theatre repertory company . She appeared in a wide variety of television work , which included a starring role in the 1960s television series Petticoat Junction and Green Acres as Shady Rest Hotel owner Kate Bradley , supporting roles as Blanche Morton in The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show and as the original voice of Betty Rubble during the first four seasons of The Flintstones , and in The Beverly Hillbillies as Pearl Bodine . She did a great deal of voice work in Warner Bros. animated cartoons of the 1940s and early 1950s , most famously as Granny . ", "Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward -LRB- born February 27 , 1930 -RRB- is an American actress , producer , activist , and philanthropist . She is perhaps best known for her Academy Award-winning role in The Three Faces of Eve -LRB- 1957 -RRB- . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Nina_Jacobson", "Michael_F._Jacobson", "Dana_Jacobson", "Rosanne_Siino", "Nina_Chanel_Abney" ]

[ "Nina Jacobson -LRB- born 1965 -RRB- is an American film executive who , until July 2006 , was president of the Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group , a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company . With Dawn Steel , Gail Berman and Sherry Lansing , she was one of the last of a handful of women to head a Hollywood film studio since the 1980s . She established her own production company called Color Force in 2007 , and is the producer of The Hunger Games movies . ", "Michael F. Jacobson -LRB- born July 29 , 1943 -RRB- , who holds a Ph.D. in microbiology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology , is an American scientist and nutritional advocate . Jacobson co-founded the Center for Science in the Public Interest in 1971 , along with two fellow scientists he met while working at the Center for the Study of Responsive Law . When his colleagues left CSPI in 1977 , Jacobson served as executive director . Today , Jacobson sits as secretary on the board of directors of the organization . He has been a national leader in the movement to require nutrition labels on all foods and most beverages to help consumers make informed decisions about what to consume . It was Jacobson who coined the now widely used phrases `` junk food '' and `` empty calorie '' . ", "Dana Jacobson -LRB- born November 5 , 1971 -RRB- is a sports anchorwoman for CBS . She joined the network in 2013 after ten years at ESPN , where she began as an ESPNEWS anchor in December 2002 and soon became a regular anchor on the 6 p.m. edition of SportsCenter . In March 2005 , she was named co-host of Cold Pizza , and transitioned with the show as it became ESPN First Take . Jacobson provided sideline reporting for ESPN 's coverage of NBA Sunday night games . On Monday , December 26 , 2011 , Jacobson announced that Friday , December 30 , 2011 , would be her final day on `` First Take . '' She returned to anchoring SportsCenter shortly thereafter . On March 27 , 2012 , USA Today announced that Jacobson would leave ESPN when her contract expires at the end of April . Monday , April 30 , 2012 was her final day at ESPN when she anchored the 6-8 p.m. ET SportsCenter show . Jacobson joined CBS Sports and the cast of CBS Sports Radio 's morning show . `` TBD in the AM '' in January 2013 , co-hosting along with Tiki Barber and Brandon Tierney . On December 5 , 2014 , Dana tweeted out that she would be leaving `` TBD in the AM '' to work on CBS Sports Network . ", "Rosanne Siino is the retired former Vice President of Communications for Netscape -LRB- Communications Corporation -RRB- . Siino is responsible for crafting the 1990s message that `` the web is for everyone '' , as well as making the pivotal decision turn Marc Andreessen in to a `` rock star , '' and creating the publicity strategy which landed Andreessen , barefoot , on the cover of Time Magazine . She spent 16 years in corporate communications , 13 of which were in high-tech public relations . Siino retired from Netscape after the 1998 acquisition by AOL and returned to graduate school . Since retiring , she has consulted for numerous high-tech and Internet companies , such as AOL , Google , Shutterfly , Qualcomm , and PlanetOut . Siino is also known for her philanthropy and interest in developing nations . She currently -LRB- 2009 -RRB- teaches and conducts research for the Management Science and Engineering Department at Stanford University . Her research focus is the `` socio-emotional effects of digital technologies on how people work and interact . '' Her past research topics specifically include work-role enactment over geographic distance , and interaction rituals on distributed management teams . ", "Nina Chanel Abney -LRB- born 1982 -RRB- is an American artist . She was born in Harvey , Illinois . She is an African American contemporary artist and painter who explores race , gender , and politics in her work . She attended Augustana College in Rock Island , Illinois and received a BFA with a dual major in studio art and computer science . Abney then received an MFA at the Parsons School of Design . She is best known for her colorful graphic large-scale paintings , four of which are included in the `` 30 Americans '' exhibition of `` works by many of the most important African-American artists of the last three decades '' , which has toured museums and galleries in America since 2008 . Her work has also appeared the Whitney Museum , the Jack Shainman Gallery , as well as the Kravets Wehby Gallery in Chelsea . Sometime after college Nina took up work at Ford Motor Company for about a year on an assembly line thanks to the help of her mother who worked at an unemployment agency . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Sensitive_Skin_-LRB-UK_TV_series-RRB-", "Rich_-LRB-Skins_series_5-RRB-", "Skins_-LRB-UK_TV_series-RRB-", "The_Skin_I'm_In_-LRB-film-RRB-", "List_of_TVB_series_-LRB-1985-RRB-" ]

[ "Sensitive Skin is a BBC television comedy-drama series , produced by Baby Cow Productions for BBC Two . It stars Joanna Lumley and was first broadcast in 2005 , with a second series following in 2007 . Series 1 and 2 have aired on CBC Country Canada . Series 1 aired in Australia on ABC TV in mid-2007 -LRB- repeated 2009 -RRB- . On 16 April 2008 , BBC Video announced a DVD release . Sensitive Skin - The Complete Seasons 1 and 2 -- a 2-disc set including all 12 original episodes from the First and Second Seasons -- would be released on 5 August 2008 . ", "Rich is the second episode of the fifth series of the British teen drama Skins . It first aired on E4 in the UK on 3 February 2011 . The episode focuses on the character Rich Hardbeck -LRB- Alex Arnold -RRB- as he attempts to find a girlfriend , with the help of his friend Grace Blood -LRB- Jessica Sula -RRB- . ", "Skins is a British teen drama that follows the lives of a group of teenagers in Bristol , South West England , through the two years of sixth form . Its controversial story-lines have explored issues such as dysfunctional families , mental illness -LRB- such as depression , eating disorders and bipolar disorder -RRB- , adolescent sexuality , gender , substance abuse , death and bullying . Each episode generally focuses on a particular character and the struggles they face in their life . The episodes are named after the featured character . The show was created by father-and-son television writers Bryan Elsley and Jamie Brittain for Company Pictures , and premiered on E4 on 25 January 2007 . The show went on to be a critical success as well as a ratings winner within its target demographic . Over its initial six-year run , Skins proved to be atypical of ongoing drama series in that it replaced its primary cast every two years . Plans for a film spin-off were first discussed in 2009 , but ultimately did not come to fruition . Instead , a specially-commissioned seventh and final series of the show was broadcast in 2013 , featuring some of the cast from its 2007 -- 10 run . The show 's name comes from the cigarette rolling papers known as `` skins '' . Other ventures to expand the brand have included a short-lived North American remake , which aired on MTV in 2011 but was cancelled after one season after advertisers abandoned the series in response to low ratings and the significant controversy which arose over its depiction of teen sexuality . ", "The Skin I 'm In is a 2012 autobiographical documentary film that was produced , directed , shot , and edited by American filmmaker , scholar , and professor Broderick Fox . The film had its world premiere at the 2012 Byron Bay Film Festival and had its United States premiere at the Arizona International Film Festival , where it was awarded a Special Jury Award for Best Personal Filmmaking . The Skin I 'm In will be released for stream and download on October 1 , 2013 through The Orchard . ", "This is a list of series released by or aired on TVB Jade Channel in 1985 . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Foot_Locker", "Under_Armour", "Shipping_industry_of_China", "Air_China_Cargo", "PrivateFly" ]

[ "Foot Locker Retail , Inc. is an American sportswear and footwear retailer , with its headquarters in Midtown Manhattan , New York City , and operating in 28 countries worldwide . Although established in 1974 , and founded as a separate company in 1988 , Foot Locker is a successor corporation to the F. W. Woolworth Company -LRB- `` Woolworth 's '' -RRB- , as many of its freestanding stores were former Woolworth 's locations . The company operates the eponymous `` Foot Locker '' chain of athletic footwear retail outlets -LRB- along with `` Kids Foot Locker '' and `` Lady Foot Locker '' stores -RRB- , and other athletic-based divisions including Champs Sports , Footaction USA , House of Hoops , and Eastbay/Footlocker . com , which owns the rights to Final Score . The company is also famous for its employees ' uniforms at its flagship Foot Locker chain , resembling those of referees . According to the company 's filings with the SEC , as of January 28 , 2017 , Foot Locker , Inc. had 3,363 primarily mall-based stores in the United States , Canada , Europe , and Asia . ", "Under Armour , Inc. is an American company that manufactures footwear , sports and casual apparel . Under Armour began offering footwear in 2006 . Under Armour 's global headquarters is located in Baltimore , Maryland with additional North American corporate office locations in Austin and Houston , Texas ; Denver , Colorado ; New York , New York ; San Francisco , California ; Portland , Oregon ; Nashville , Tennessee ; and Toronto , Ontario . Under Armour 's International Headquarters is located in Panama City , Panama , with Latin America offices in São Paulo , Brazil ; Santiago , Chile ; and Mexico City , Mexico . Its European headquarters is in Amsterdam 's Olympic Stadium with an additional office in Munich , Germany . The Under Armour Shanghai office is the regional headquarters for Greater China . Additional Asia Pacific offices are in Guangzhou , China ; Hong Kong ; Jakarta , Indonesia ; Tokyo , Japan ; and Sydney , Australia . ", "In 1961 China established a state-run maritime shipping company and subsequently signed shipping agreements with many countries , laying the foundation for developing the country 's ocean transport . That organization developed into the present-day China Ocean Shipping -LRB- Group -RRB- Company -LRB- COSCO -RRB- . The Chinese government also invested heavily in water transport infrastructure , constructing new ports and rebuilding and enlarging older facilities . A major effort has also been made to increase mechanization and containerization at major international ports . China 's shipping industry and container transportation have reached international standards both in handling efficiency and building networks . The governmental responsibility of the shipping industry is under the Ministry of Transport . The number of container units handled by Chinese ports in 2011 reached more than 150 million . The country also manufactures 90 % of the world 's containers . The throughput of cargo and containers at China 's ports has been the largest in the world for the past five years , with an annual growth rate of 35 % . ", "Air China Cargo Co. , Ltd. . is a cargo airline of the People 's Republic of China with its headquarters in Shunyi District in Beijing . It is an all-cargo subsidiary of Air China and operates scheduled freighter services to 20 cities in 10 countries around the world . Its main base is Beijing Capital International Airport . ", "PrivateFly is a global private jet charter broker company with websites covering 19 countries : -LRB- Australia , Canada , China , Czech Republic , France , Germany , Hungary , Italy , Netherlands , New Zealand , Poland , Qatar , Russia , Slovakia , Spain , Switzerland , UAE , UK , & US -RRB- . The company 's main headquarters are based in St Albans , Hertfordshire , England . It also has a U.S. office based in Florida . The company is a member of ACANA , BACA , EBAA and NBAA aviation industry bodies . The company uses technology to disrupt the traditional jet charter brokering model launching a website with online estimates and quotes , and also offering apps for iPhone , iPad and Android devices . It provides a white-label service and partners with several companies including Lastminute.com , Manchester Airport Group and Addison Lee . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Benjamin_Franklin", "Ebenezer_Webster", "Taylor_Mason", "Elizabeth_Timothy", "Abraham_Alexander" ]

[ "Benjamin Franklin FRS , FRSE -LRB- April 17 , 1790 -RRB- was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . Franklin was a renowned polymath and a leading author , printer , political theorist , politician , freemason , postmaster , scientist , inventor , civic activist , statesman , and diplomat . As a scientist , he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity . As an inventor , he is known for the lightning rod , bifocals , and the Franklin stove , among other inventions . He facilitated many civic organizations , including Philadelphia 's fire department and the University of Pennsylvania , an Ivy League institution . Franklin earned the title of `` The First American '' for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity , initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies . As the first United States Ambassador to France , he exemplified the emerging American nation . Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical values of thrift , hard work , education , community spirit , self-governing institutions , and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious , with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment . In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager , `` In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects , the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat . '' To Walter Isaacson , this makes Franklin `` the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become . '' Franklin became a successful newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia , the leading city in the colonies , publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette at the age of 23 . He became wealthy publishing this and Poor Richard 's Almanack , which he authored under the pseudonym `` Richard Saunders '' . After 1767 , he was associated with the Pennsylvania Chronicle , a newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiments and criticisms of the British policies . He pioneered and was first president of The Academy and College of Philadelphia which opened in 1751 and later became the University of Pennsylvania . He organized and was the first secretary of the American Philosophical Society and was elected president in 1769 . Franklin became a national hero in America as an agent for several colonies when he spearheaded an effort in London to have the Parliament of Great Britain repeal the unpopular Stamp Act . An accomplished diplomat , he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a major figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations . His efforts proved vital for the American Revolution in securing shipments of crucial munitions from France . He was promoted to deputy postmaster-general for the British colonies in 1753 , having been Philadelphia postmaster for many years , and this enabled him to set up the first national communications network . During the Revolution , he became the first US Postmaster General . He was active in community affairs and colonial and state politics , as well as national and international affairs . From 1785 to 1788 , he served as governor of Pennsylvania . He initially owned and dealt in slaves but , by the 1750s , he argued against slavery from an economic perspective and became one of the most prominent abolitionists . His colorful life and legacy of scientific and political achievement , and his status as one of America 's most influential Founding Fathers have seen Franklin honored more than two centuries after his death on coinage and the $ 100 bill , warships , and the names of many towns , counties , educational institutions , and corporations , as well as countless cultural references . ", "Ebenezer Webster -LRB- born in Kingston , New Hampshire , April 22 , 1739 ; died in Salisbury -LRB- now part of Franklin -RRB- , New Hampshire , April 22 , 1806 -RRB- was a United States farmer , innkeeper , militia member , politician and judge . He was the father of Daniel Webster , a noted lawyer and orator who served in the United States Congress , as United States Secretary of State , and in other offices . ", "Franklin Taylor Mason -LRB- born February 22 , 1956 -RRB- is a comedian , ventriloquist and musician . ", "Elizabeth Timothy or Elisabet Timothee -LRB- 30 June 1702 -- April 1757 -RRB- was a prominent colonial American printer and newspaper publisher in the colony of South Carolina who worked for Benjamin Franklin . She was the first woman in America to become a newspaper publisher and also the first woman to hold a franchise in America . ", "Abraham Alexander -LRB- December 9 , 1717 -- April 23 , 1786 -RRB- was a public figure in Mecklenburg County , North Carolina , during the American Revolution . He chaired the meetings that produced the radical Mecklenburg Resolves and , allegedly , the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "P.S._I_Love_You_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Love_You_to_Death_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Married_and_in_Love", "His_Highness_Love", "Love_Letters_-LRB-1984_film-RRB-" ]

[ "P.S. I Love You is a 2007 American drama film directed by Richard LaGravenese . The screenplay by LaGravenese and Steven Rogers is based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Cecelia Ahern . It stars Hilary Swank , Gerard Butler , Lisa Kudrow , Gina Gershon , James Marsters , Harry Connick Jr. and Jeffrey Dean Morgan . It was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures and Momentum Pictures . ", "Love You To Death is a 2012 Hindi-language comedy film directed by Rafeeq Ellias , featuring Yuki Ellias , Chandan Roy Sanyal , Sheeba Chaddha in the lead roles . The films music was composed by Ronit Chaterji . The film was released on 3 February 2012 . ", "Married and in Love is a 1940 film directed by John Farrow . ", "His Highness Love -LRB- French : Son altesse l'amour -RRB- is a 1931 German comedy film directed by Robert Péguy , Erich Schmidt and Joe May . It stars Annabella , André Alerme and Roger Tréville and was made in Berlin as the French-language version of Her Majesty the Barmaid . The film 's sets were designed by the art directors Andrej Andrejew and Erich Kettelhut . ", "Love Letters is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Jamie Lee Curtis . The film is directed by Amy Holden Jones which Roger Corman agreed to finance following her success with The Slumber Party Massacre -LRB- 1982 -RRB- . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Coins_of_the_Swiss_franc", "Bullion_coin", "2005–06_Liechtenstein_Cup", "Protestantism_in_Switzerland", "Ecuadorian_centavo_coins" ]

[ "The coins of the Swiss franc are the official coins used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein . The name of the subunit is Centime in French , Rappen in German , Centisimo in Italian and Rap in Romansh . There are coins in denominations of 5 centimes , 10 centimes , 20 centimes , 1/2 franc -LRB- 50 centimes -RRB- , 1 franc , 2 francs and 5 francs . In the past , there were also coins of 1 and 2 centimes . ", "A bullion coin is a coin struck from precious metal and kept as a store of value or an investment , rather than used in day-to-day commerce . The United Kingdom defines investment coins more specifically as coins that have been minted after 1800 , have a purity of not less than 900 thousandths and are , or have been , legal tender in their country of origin . Under United States law , `` coins '' that fail the last of these requirements are not coins at all , and must be advertised as `` rounds '' instead . Bullion coins are usually available in both gold and silver , with the exceptions of the Krugerrand -LRB- note in 2017 the first silver Krugerrand was minted -RRB- and the Swiss Vreneli which are only available in gold . The American Eagle series is available in gold , silver and platinum , and the Canadian Maple Leaf series is available in gold , silver , platinum , and palladium . Bullion coins are typically available in various weights . These are usually multiples or fractions of 1 troy ounce , but some bullion coins are produced in very limited quantities in kilograms or heavier . Bullion coins sell for a premium over the market price of the metal on the commodities exchanges . Reasons include their comparative small size and the costs associated with manufacture , storage and distribution . The amount of the premium varies depending on the coin 's type and weight and the precious metal . The premium also is affected by prevailing demand . The ISO currency code for gold bullion is XAU . ISO 4217 includes codes not only for currencies , but also for precious metals -LRB- gold , silver , palladium and platinum ; by definition expressed per one troy ounce , as compared to `` 1 USD '' -RRB- and certain other entities used in international finance , e.g. special drawing rights . ", "The Liechtenstein Football Cup is Liechtenstein 's premier football competition , and has been organised annually by the Liechtenstein Football Association -LRB- LFV -RRB- since 1946 . The winner qualifies to take part in the UEFA Europa League . ", "The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel -LRB- Johannes Oecolampadius -RRB- , Bern -LRB- Berchtold Haller and Niklaus Manuel -RRB- , St. Gall -LRB- Joachim Vadian -RRB- , to cities in southern Germany and via Alsace -LRB- Martin Bucer -RRB- to France . Since 1920 , the Swiss Reformed Churches have been organized in 26 member churches of the Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches . In the 2000 Swiss census , 33 % of Swiss population were reported as registered members of a Reformed cantonal church . ", "Ecuadorian centavo coins were introduced in 2000 when Ecuador converted its currency from the sucre to the U.S. dollar . The coins are in denominations of 1 , 5 , 10 , 25 and 50 centavos and are identical in size and value to their U.S. cent counterparts -LRB- although the U.S. 50-cent coin counterpart is not often seen in circulation -RRB- . They circulate within Ecuador alongside coins and banknotes from the USA . Although U.S. $ 1 coins are rarely used in the U.S. , they are commonly used in Ecuador . Ecuador managed to introduce a $ 1 coin -LRB- Un sucre -RRB- but finally decided to not release in common circulation , only in 2000 coin sets . Ecuador does not issue any banknotes , relying on U.S. issues . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Gray_Matters", "Jack_Said", "Steve_Gray_-LRB-TV_presenter-RRB-", "Black_Sheep_-LRB-2006_New_Zealand_film-RRB-", "Jim_Gray_-LRB-sportscaster-RRB-" ]

[ "Gray Matters is a 2006 romantic comedy film directed by Sue Kramer , starring Heather Graham , Tom Cavanagh and Bridget Moynahan . It premiered on October 21 , 2006 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and had a United States limited theatrical release on February 23 , 2007 . ", "Jack Said is a 2009 British thriller film , the prequel to Jack Says . It is written by Paul Tanter , and based on his graphic novel , illustrated by Oscar Alvarado . It stars Danny Dyer , David O'Hara , Simon Phillips , Ashlie Walker , Terry Stone and snooker player Jimmy White . ", "Steven `` Steve '' Gray -LRB- born 11 July 1965 -RRB- is a New Zealand blogger and broadcaster , best known as the former host and film reviewer of the weekday New Zealand morning television show , Good Morning . Before becoming a co-host , Gray was its long-serving film and DVD reviewer and gossip columnist . Gray was raised in Hamilton , New Zealand . He worked as a barman , actor , fence builder , painter , singing telegram , drag performer and nanny before branching into film and media . He began his career reviewing film and video on student radio station bFM in 1996 , and began appearing on television the following year . Steven is best known for his knowledge of musical theatre and American television series . In December 2009 , Television New Zealand decided to not renew his contract for his presenter role on Good Morning . No specific reason was given for this , but Gray later speculated it may have been due to his sexuality . Gray 's final episode of Good Morning was Friday 11 December 2009 . In April 2010 Gray launched showbiz news and social commentary blog The Real Steve Gray , which has become one of the most popular New Zealand blogs . In a January 2013 interview with Fairfax NZ , Gray claimed to have slept with a former All Black , sparking international interest from both gay and rugby media . In 2013 Gray joined the New Zealand cinema podcast Cinematica as part of the film review panel . ", "Black Sheep is a 2006 New Zealand made black comedy horror film written and directed by Jonathan King . It was produced by Philippa Campbell and stars Nathan Meister , Peter Feeney , Danielle Mason , Tammy Davis , Oliver Driver , Tandi Wright , Glenis Levestam , Nick Blake , Matthew Chamberlain , Nick Fenton , Eli Kent , and Sam Clarke . The special effects were done by Weta Workshop . The film premiered at the TIFF on 10 September 2006 as part of their Midnight Madness series and was theatrically released on 29 March 2007 by The Weinstein Company in New Zealand . Black Sheep received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 4.9 million . It also received a Narcisse Award nomination for Best Feature Film . ", "Jim Gray is an American sportscaster . He is currently with Showtime , Fox , and Westwood One radio network . He has previously worked as a reporter , commentator , and interviewer with ESPN , NBC Sports and CBS Sports . He is an Emmy Award winning journalist , reporter , producer . and executive producer of sports features and documentaries . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Planet_Hollywood_Las_Vegas", "Caesars_Entertainment_Corporation", "Hollywood_Casino_St._Louis", "Caesars_Casino_Online", "Gold_Coast_Hotel_and_Casino" ]

[ "Planet Hollywood Las Vegas -LRB- formerly Tally-Ho , King 's Crown and Aladdin -RRB- is a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation . Hilton Grand Vacations operates the timeshare portion of the property , known as Elara . In April 2010 , Total Rewards replaced the `` A-List '' Player rewards card at Planet Hollywood . ", "Caesars Entertainment Corporation , is an American gaming corporation based in Paradise , Nevada that owns and operates over 50 casinos and hotels , and seven golf courses under several brands . It is the fourth-largest gaming company in the world , with annual revenues of $ 8.6 billion -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Caesars is a public company , majority-owned by a group of private equity firms led by Apollo Global Management and TPG Capital . Caesars 's largest operating unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in January 2015 . ", "Hollywood Casino St. Louis is a riverboat casino in Maryland Heights , Missouri , near St. Louis . It is owned by Gaming and Leisure Properties and operated by Penn National Gaming . The casino has 120000 sqft of gaming space , with 2,180 slot machines and 80 table games . Penn National acquired the casino , then named Harrah 's St. Louis , in November 2012 from Caesars Entertainment for $ 610 million . ", "CAESARS Casino Online is an internet-based casino , based on the world-famous Caesars Palace casino brand that has been at the center of the Las Vegas strip since 1966 . It is available to anyone 21 years or older inside New Jersey borders , as well as residents of the United Kingdom . CaesarsCasino.com only operates in legal and licensed and regulated jurisdictions , thus it 's limited availability thus far . On November 21 , 2013 Caesars Online Casino was licensed and approved by the state of New Jersey in online gaming for real money . CaesarsCasino.com is offering a wide variety of online casino games such as slots , blackjack and roulette . ", "The Gold Coast Hotel & Casino is a hotel and casino located in Paradise , Nevada . This locals ' casino is owned and operated by Boyd Gaming . The Gold Coast is located one mile -LRB- 1.6 km -RRB- west of the Las Vegas Strip on West Flamingo Road . It is located across the street from the Palms Casino Resort and the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "Bill_Graham_Civic_Auditorium", "Norman_Hall_-LRB-Gainesville,_Florida-RRB-", "Winchester_Symphony_House", "Auditorium_-LRB-Torrance_High_School-RRB-", "Vern_Riffe_State_Office_Tower" ]

[ "The Bill Graham Civic Auditorium -LRB- formerly San Francisco Civic Auditorium -RRB- is a multi-purpose arena in San Francisco , California , named after promoter Bill Graham . The arena holds 7,000 people . It was designed by renowned Bay Area architect John Galen Howard and built in 1915 as part of the Panama -- Pacific International Exposition . The auditorium hosted the 1920 Democratic National Convention , National AAU boxing trials in 1948 , and it was the home of the San Francisco Warriors of the National Basketball Association from 1964 to 1967 . The World Cyber Games 2004 were held in the civic auditorium . In 1992 , the San Francisco Board of Supervisors voted to rename the San Francisco Civic Auditorium after the rock concert impresario Bill Graham , who had died the year before in a helicopter crash . The arena has hosted concerts by many famous artists , spanning many different genres . It is owned by the City of San Francisco and since 2010 has been operated by Another Planet Entertainment , generating about $ 100,000 in leasing revenue for the city annually . ", "Norman Hall -LRB- originally known as P. K. Yonge Laboratory School -RRB- is an historic academic building on the eastern campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville , Florida . It was designed by architect Rudolph Weaver in the Collegiate Gothic style , and built in 1932 . It originally housed the university 's research and development primary and secondary schools , but now is the principal building of the university 's College of Education . It is located on U.S. 441 , near the southwest corner of S.W. 3rd Avenue and S.W. 12th Street in Gainesville . On January 26 , 1990 , it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . ", "Winchester Symphony House is a historic home located in the Eau Gallie-section of Melbourne , Florida . The house was built in 1886 . William Treutler , director of the State Bank of Eau Gallie and hotel proprietor in Eau Gallie , built the house . Brevard County and the State of Florida list this building as a historic site . Currently , the house serves as the headquarters for the administrative staff of the Brevard Symphony Orchestra . ", "The Auditorium , also known as the Assembly Hall , is a PWA Moderne style building located on the campus of Torrance High School in Torrance , Los Angeles County , California . When built in 1924 the building was a source of pride for Torrance , and was its first large meeting hall , preceding construction of a civic center . It was damaged in the 1933 Long Beach earthquake and was rebuilt as a New Deal project . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 . The Torrance High School Campus Thematic Resources study states that the auditorium is an outstanding example of PWA Moderne work . The Auditorium is one of four buildings on the campus of the Torrance High School listed on the NRHP , the other buildings are : Torrance School Main Building Home Economics Building ", "The Vern Riffe State Office Tower is a 503-foot-tall -LRB- 153 m -RRB- skyscraper in Columbus , Ohio . It was completed in 1988 and has 32 floors . NBBJ designed the building , which is the fifth-tallest in Columbus , and has 102,192 m ² of floor area . An earlier concept for the site , also designed by NBBJ , would have included a site to the west of the present location , and would have effectively closed off South Wall Street north of West State Street . The building was named for Vernal G. Riffe , Jr , who served as Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1975 to 1994 . The complex also contains the 854-seat Capitol Theatre . The project was completed for $ 130 million . " ]

[ 1, 2, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Barbarella_-LRB-film-RRB-", "His_Highness_Love", "Barbarella_-LRB-comics-RRB-", "Laurence_Ferreira_Barbosa", "The_Dubarry_-LRB-1951_film-RRB-" ]

[ "Barbarella is a 1968 science fiction film directed by Roger Vadim based on the French comic Barbarella . The film stars Jane Fonda as Barbarella , a representative of the United Earth government in the 41st century sent out to locate the scientist Durand Durand whose positronic ray could end humanity . Producer Dino De Laurentiis bought the rights to adapt Barbarella into a film . Vadim took the role as director as he had been a fan of comics and wanted to adapt one to film . Vadim attempted to cast several actors in the title role , including Virna Lisi , Brigitte Bardot and Sophia Loren before casting his then wife , Jane Fonda . Vadim also had his friend Terry Southern write the screenplay ; this was heavily altered during filming and several other writers are credited with it . The film was particularly popular on its release in the United Kingdom , where it was the second highest grossing film of the year after The Jungle Book . Contemporary film critics praised the film 's visuals and cinematography , but found the film 's storyline to be weak after the first few scenes . Since its release , several attempts at sequels , remakes and other adaptations have been planned but none have entered production . ", "His Highness Love -LRB- French : Son altesse l'amour -RRB- is a 1931 German comedy film directed by Robert Péguy , Erich Schmidt and Joe May . It stars Annabella , André Alerme and Roger Tréville and was made in Berlin as the French-language version of Her Majesty the Barmaid . The film 's sets were designed by the art directors Andrej Andrejew and Erich Kettelhut . ", "Barbarella is a fictional heroine in a French science fiction comic book created by Jean-Claude Forest . ", "Laurence Ferreira Barbosa -LRB- born 1958 -RRB- is a French film director and screenwriter . She has directed eleven films since 1983 . ", "The Dubarry -LRB- German : Die Dubarry -RRB- is a 1951 German musical film directed by Georg Wildhagen and Reinhold Schünzel and starring Sari Barabas , Willy Fritsch and Albert Lieven . It is named after the operetta Die Dubarry , but uses the work only as a background . The film 's sets were designed by Willi Herrmann and Heinrich Weidemann . It was made in Hamburg . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Sejong_the_Great", "Taejong_of_Joseon", "Injong_of_Joseon", "Hyoso_of_Silla", "Prince_Jeongwon" ]

[ "Sejong the Great -LRB- -LSB- se.dʑoŋ -RSB- ; 15 May 1397 - 8 April 1450 -RRB- was the fourth king of Joseon-dynasty Korea . He was the third son of King Taejong and Queen consort Min . He was designated as heir-apparent , Crown Prince , after his older brother Jae was stripped of his title . He ascended to the throne in 1418 . During the first four years of his reign , Taejong governed as regent , after which his father-in-law , Sim On , and his close associates were executed . Sejong reinforced Confucian policies and executed major `` legal amendments '' . He also created the Korean alphabet Hangul , encouraged advancements of scientific technology , and instituted many other efforts to stabilize and improve prosperity . He dispatched military campaigns to the north and instituted the Samin Policy to attract new settlers to the region . To the south , he subjugated Japanese raiders and captured Tsushima Island . During his reign from 1418 to 1450 , he governed from 1422 to 1442 and governed as regent with his son Crown Prince Munjong until his death in either 1442 or 1450 . Although the appellation `` the Great '' / '' '' was given posthumously to almost every ruler of Goryeo and Joseon , this title is usually associated with Gwanggaeto and Sejong . ", "Taejong of Joseon -LRB- 13 June 1367 -- 30 May 1422 -RRB- was the third king of the Joseon dynasty in Korea and the father of King Sejong the Great . ", "Injong of Joseon -LRB- 10 March 1515 -- 8 August 1545 , r. 1544 -- 1545 -RRB- was the 12th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea . His father was King Jungjong , and his mother was Queen Janggyeong , whose brother was Yun Im . As the firstborn , he became Crown Prince in 1520 and succeeded his father to the throne following Jungjong 's death in 1544 . ", "Hyoso -LRB- 687-702 -RRB- -LRB- r. 692 -- 702 -RRB- was the thirty-second monarch of Silla , a kingdom that flourished on the Korean peninsula from approximately 200 to 927 CE . He was the eldest son of King Sinmun and his second queen consort Sinmok 神穆 . He reigned for a decade and died of illness in the Silla capital in the autumn of 702 . Hyoso 's reign was characterized by a continuing trend towards centralization following Silla 's unification of the peninsula . Like his father , Hyoso faced some opposition in the form of revolts by high-ranking members of the Silla aristocracy . In the summer of 700 , for instance , the ichan -LRB- a high rank in Silla 's strict bone rank system -RRB- Gyeong-yeong 慶永 was implicated in treasonous plots and executed . These machinations also apparently involved Silla 's Chief Minister of State , who was removed from office . Relations with Tang also saw improvement during Hyoso 's reign following the diplomatic disintegration that followed in the wake of the wars of unification during the 660s and 670s and the foundering of the Tang-Silla alliance . Tribute relations were steadily maintained and Hyoso , as Sinmun before him , was `` enfeoffed '' by the Tang emperor as King of Silla . A few citations in the record of King Hyoso in the 12th century Korean history Samguk Sagi also attest to steady diplomatic contact with Japan , and Japanese histories -LRB- notably the Shoku Nihongi -RRB- are reliable sources for confirming death dates of Silla 's kings and queens during this period , as Japan would often hear of their deaths through diplomatic envoys . King Hyoso died in 702 . Because he had no son he was succeeded by his younger full brother who reigned as King Seongdeok . ", "Wonjong of Joseon or Prince Jeongwon -LRB- 2 August 1580 - 29 December 1619 -RRB- was a prince during the Joseon dynasty . He was an illegitimate son of the Joseon dynasty 's 14th monarch , king Seonjo , and half brother of king Gwanghaegun and father of king Injo . His birth name was Yi Bu . He first held the title of Prince Jeongwon and later re-titled as Grand Prince Jeongwon . In 1592 , during the Japanese invasions of Korea , he escaped with king Seonjo and awarded in 1604 in recognition of helping the king to escape . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Pink_-LRB-singer-RRB-", "Keiko_Masuda", "Kiss_in_the_Dark_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Don't_Let_Me_Get_Me", "Pink_Friday_-LRB-fragrance-RRB-" ]

[ "Alecia Beth Moore -LRB- born September 8 , 1979 -RRB- , known professionally as Pink -LRB- frequently stylized as -RRB- , is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , and actress . She was signed to her first record label with original R&B girl group Choice in 1995 . The label , LaFace Records saw potential in only Pink , offering her a solo deal . Choice disbanded in 1998 . Pink rose as an artist with her debut solo album , Ca n't Take Me Home -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . It was certified double-platinum in the United States and spawned two Billboard Hot 100 top-ten hits : `` There You Go '' and `` Most Girls '' . She gained further recognition with the Moulin Rouge ! soundtrack `` Lady Marmalade '' , which gave Pink her first Grammy Award as well as her first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 . Pink took control in early 2001 insisting she wanted to work with her childhood hero , Linda Perry . Pink took more artistic control and pursued a pop rock direction for her second album , Missundaztood -LRB- 2001 -RRB- . It sold more than 15 million copies worldwide and yielded three United States top-ten singles , `` Get the Party Started '' , `` Do n't Let Me Get Me '' , and `` Just Like a Pill '' . Pink 's third album , Try This -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , generated considerably lower sales , but earned her the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance . Pink revived her popularity with her fourth and fifth studio albums , I 'm Not Dead -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Funhouse -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , with the latter containing her second United States number-one hit , `` So What '' . Pink concluded the first decade of her career with the compilation album Greatest Hits ... So Far !! -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , which featured `` Fuckin ' Perfect '' and the chart-topping single `` Raise Your Glass '' . Her sixth studio album , The Truth About Love -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and spawned the top-ten singles `` Blow Me -LRB- One Last Kiss -RRB- '' , `` Try '' , and `` Just Give Me a Reason '' , with the latter becoming her fourth United States number-one single . In 2014 Pink recorded a collaborative album , Rose Ave. , with Canadian musician Dallas Green under a folk music duo named You + Me . Recognized for her strong signature vocals and acrobatic performances , Pink has sold over 47 million albums worldwide , including over 16 million albums in the United States . Her career accolades include three Grammy Awards , a Brit Award , a Daytime Emmy Award and six MTV Video Music Awards . In 2009 , Billboard named Pink the Pop Songs Artist of the Decade . Pink was also the second most-played female solo artist in the United Kingdom during the 2000s decade , behind Madonna . VH1 ranked her number 10 on their list of the 100 Greatest Women in Music , while Billboard awarded her the Woman of the Year award in 2013 . At the 63rd annual BMI Pop Awards , she received the BMI President 's Award for `` her outstanding achievement in songwriting and global impact on pop culture and the entertainment industry . '' ", "Keiko Masuda -LRB- 増田 恵子 Masuda Keiko , born September 2 , 1957 in Shizuoka , Japan -RRB- is a Japanese pop singer and actress . She is better known by her nickname Kei , and was one half of Pink Lady , the top idol group of Japan in the 1970s . In the United States , they are known for their self-titled TV program . After Pink Lady broke up in 1981 , she continued to perform in various entertainment activities . Her best selling solo single was `` Suzume '' -LRB- すずめ , lit . Sparrow -RRB- , which sold 267,000 copies according to Oricon , and placed itself in the Top Ten . The single was written by Miyuki Nakajima . Occasionally , Pink Lady reunite and Kei sings with her partner Mitsuyo `` Mie '' Nemoto . ", "Kiss in the Dark -LRB- also known as Pink Lady in the USA -RRB- was Pink Lady 's debut album in the United States . Released in the USA in July , 1979 , on the Elektra Records label , and in Japan on September 5 , 1979 . One single was released from this album , `` Kiss in the Dark '' , which reached the # 37 position on the American Billboard Top 40 , and the # 19th position on the Oricon charts . All tracks were sung in English . ", "`` Do n't Let Me Get Me '' is a song by American singer Pink . It was released as the second single from her second studio album Missundaztood -LRB- 2001 -RRB- in February 2002 . The song was featured in the trailer for the 2003 comedy Just Married . `` Do n't Let Me Get Me '' was generally a success , reaching top ten positions in 14 countries , and became her fifth single to peak inside the top ten US Billboard Hot 100 chart , stalling successfully at number eight and became her first number one on the US Mainstream Top 40 chart . The song received positive reviews , praising the tone of the song . A music video promoting the single was filmed and released in January 2002 . ", "Pink Friday is the first fragrance created by Trinidadian-born American rapper Nicki Minaj with Give Back Brands , first released on September 22 , 2012 in the US and Australia . The bottle was designed by Lance McGregor of Paul Meyers and Friends . Elizabeth Arden bought the licence to distribute the fragrance to major retail stores worldwide . With the success of `` Pink Friday '' , Minaj released two limited edition flankers of the fragrance called `` Pink Friday Special Edition '' , and `` Pink Friday Deluxe Edition '' , respectively . Minaj 's Pink Friday perfume was nominated for three 2013 FiFi Awards for Fragrance of the Year , Best Packaging , and Media Campaign of the Year . Pink Friday was succeed by the fragrances Minajesty and Onika . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "GLOW_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Storm_Season", "Season_of_Poison", "The_Twilight_Zone_-LRB-1959_TV_series-RRB-_-LRB-season_1-RRB-", "One_More_Light" ]

[ "GLOW is an upcoming American comedy-drama television series created by Liz Flahive and Carly Mensch . The series revolves around a fictionalization of the characters and gimmicks of the 1980s syndicated women 's professional wrestling circuit , the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling -LRB- or GLOW -RRB- . The first season will consist of 10 episodes . The first season will be released on Netflix on June 23 , 2017 . ", "Storm Season is the fourth studio album by the Norwegian progressive rock band White Willow . It is the last album to feature Sylvia Erichsen -LRB- currently known as Sylvia Skjellestad -RRB- on vocals until her return on 2011 's Terminal Twilight . ", "Season of Poison is the second studio album by American indie rock band Shiny Toy Guns . It was released on November 4 , 2008 through Universal Motown Records Group . It peaked at # 47 on the Billboard Hot 100 the following week . The album introduced the band 's 3rd female vocalist , Sisely Treasure . The album featured two singles : `` Ricochet ! '' and `` Ghost Town '' . Season of Poison generated far less hype than We Are Pilots and failed to sell well , resulting in a low sales count of 60,000 copies . In 2009 , Jeremy Dawson admitted via Shiny Toy Guns ' official website that while he believes Season of Poison is a great album , it was indeed too different too soon , and promised a return to their electronic roots for the band 's third album . ", "The first season of The Twilight Zone aired Fridays at 10:00 -- 10:30 pm -LRB- EST -RRB- on CBS from October 2 , 1959 to July 1 , 1960 . There are 36 episodes , including the pilot , `` Where Is Everybody ? '' . The theme music for this season , written by Bernard Herrman , is different from the music most commonly associated with the series , written by Marius Constant for the second season onwards . ", "One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released on May 19 , 2017 through Warner Bros. . Records and Machine Shop , following the 2014 album The Hunting Party . The album 's first single , `` Heavy '' was released on March 16 , 2017 . It is their first album with a title track . In deciding on the title track , they felt that the song `` One More Light '' was the heart of the album . The album features guest vocal appearances from Pusha T , Stormzy , and Kiiara , and production and songwriting collaborations with Julia Michaels , Justin Tranter , Ross Golan , Andrew Goldstein , blackbear , and Eg White . Acoustic performances of the lead single by Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda helped promote One More Light . A few of them included performances with Kiiara , Waxx , and Sofia Karlberg . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Danish_language", "Scandinavia", "Greenlandic_language", "Greenland", "Dane-zaa" ]

[ "Danish -LSB- ˈdeɪnᵻʃ -RSB- -LRB- dansk -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ -RSB- ; dansk sprog , -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ ˈsb̥ʁɔʊ̯ˀ -RSB- -RRB- is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people , principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany , where it has minority language status . There are also minor Danish-speaking communities in Norway , Sweden , Spain , the United States , Canada , Brazil and Argentina . Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas , around 15 -- 20 % of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their home language . Along with the other North Germanic languages , Danish is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples that lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Era . Danish , together with Swedish , derives from the East Norse dialect group , while the Middle Norwegian language before the influence of Danish and Norwegian Bokmål are classified as West Norse along with Faroese and Icelandic . A more recent classification based on mutual intelligibility separates modern spoken Danish , Norwegian and Swedish as Mainland Scandinavian while Icelandic and Faroese are classified as Insular Scandinavian . Until the 16th century , Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from Schleswig to Scania with no standard variety or spelling conventions . With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing , a standard language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect . It spread through use in the education system and administration though German and Latin continued to be the most important written languages well into the 17th century . Following the loss of territory to Germany and Sweden , a nationalist movement adopted the language as a token of Danish identity , and the language experienced a strong surge in use and popularity with major works of literature produced in the 18th and 19th centuries . Today , traditional Danish dialects have all but disappeared , though there are regional variants of the standard language . The main differences in language are between generations , with youth language being particularly innovative . Danish has a very large vowel inventory comprising 27 phonemically distinctive vowels , and its prosody is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon stød , a kind of laryngeal phonation type . Due to the many pronunciation differences that set apart Danish from its neighboring languages , particularly the vowels , difficult prosody and `` weakly '' pronounced consonants , it is sometimes considered to be a difficult language to learn and understand , and there is some evidence that small children are slower to acquire the phonological distinctions of Danish . The grammar is moderately inflective with strong -LRB- irregular -RRB- and weak -LRB- regular -RRB- conjugations and inflections . Nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender . As in English , Danish only has remnants of a former case system , particularly in the pronouns , and it has lost all person marking on verbs . Its syntax is V2 , with the finite verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence . ", "Scandinavia -LSB- ˌskændɪˈneɪviə -RSB- is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages . The term Scandinavia always includes the three kingdoms of Denmark , Norway , and Sweden . The remote Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are usually not seen as a part of Scandinavia , nor is Greenland , an overseas territory of Denmark . However , the Faroe Islands , also a Danish overseas territory , are sometimes included , as sometimes are Iceland , Finland , and the Finnish autonomous region of the Åland Islands , because of their historical association with the Scandinavian countries and the Scandinavian peoples and languages . This looser definition almost equates to that of the Nordic countries . In Nordic languages , only Denmark , Norway and Sweden are commonly included in the definition of Scandinavia . In English usage , Scandinavia sometimes refers to the geographical area , also known as the Scandinavian Peninsula . The name Scandinavia originally referred vaguely to the formerly Danish , now Swedish , region Scania . The terms Scandinavia and Scandinavian entered usage in the late 18th century as terms for Denmark , Norway and Sweden , their Germanic majority peoples and associated language and culture , the term being introduced by the early linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement . The majority of the population of Scandinavia are descended from several -LRB- North -RRB- Germanic tribes who originally inhabited the southern part of Scandinavia and spoke a Germanic language that evolved into Old Norse . Icelanders and the Faroese are to a significant extent descended from the Norse , and are therefore often seen as Scandinavian . Finland is mainly populated by Finns , with a minority of approximately 5 % of Swedish speakers . A small minority of Sami people live in the extreme north of Scandinavia . The Danish , Norwegian and Swedish languages form a dialect continuum and are known as the Scandinavian languages -- all of which are considered mutually intelligible with one another . Faroese and Icelandic , sometimes referred to as insular Scandinavian languages , are intelligible in continental Scandinavian languages only to a limited extent . Finnish and Meänkieli are closely related to each other and more distantly to the Sami languages , but are entirely unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Apart from these , German , Yiddish and Romani are recognized minority languages in Scandinavia . The southern and by far most populous regions of Scandinavia have a temperate climate . Scandinavia extends north of the Arctic Circle , but has relatively mild weather for its latitude due to the Gulf Stream . Much of the Scandinavian mountains have an alpine tundra climate . There are many lakes and moraines , legacies of the last glacial period , which ended about ten millennia ago . ", "Greenlandic is an Eskimo -- Aleut language spoken by about 57,000 Greenlandic Inuit in Greenland . It is closely related to the Inuit languages in Canada such as Inuktitut . The main variety , Kalaallisut or West Greenlandic , has been the official language of the Greenlandic autonomous territory since June 2009 ; this is a move by the Naalakkersuisut -LRB- government of Greenland -RRB- to strengthen the language in its competition with the colonial language , Danish . The second variety is Tunumiit oraasiat or East Greenlandic . The Thule Inuit of Greenland , Inuktun or Polar Eskimo , is a recent arrival and a dialect of Inuktitut . Greenlandic is a polysynthetic language that allows the creation of long words by stringing together roots and suffixes . Its morphosyntactic alignment is ergative , meaning that it treats -LRB- i.e. case-marks -RRB- the argument -LRB- `` subject '' -RRB- of an intransitive verb like the object of a transitive verb , but distinctly from the agent -LRB- `` subject '' -RRB- of a transitive verb . Nouns are inflected for one of the eight cases and for possession . Verbs are inflected for one of the eight moods and for the number and person of its subject and object . Both nouns and verbs have complex derivational morphology . Basic word order in transitive clauses is subject -- object -- verb . Subordination of clauses is done by the use of special subordinate moods . A so-called fourth-person category enables switch-reference between main clauses and subordinate clauses with different subjects . Greenlandic is notable for its lack of a system of grammatical tense , as temporal relations are normally expressed through context , through the use of temporal particles such as `` yesterday '' or `` now '' or sometimes through the use of derivational suffixes or the combination of affixes with aspectual meanings with the semantic aktionsart of different verbs . However , some linguists have suggested that Greenlandic does mark future tense obligatorily . Another question is whether the language has noun incorporation , or whether the processes that create complex predicates that include nominal roots are derivational in nature . When adopting new concepts or technologies , Greenlandic usually constructs new words made from Greenlandic roots , but modern Greenlandic has also taken many loans from Danish and English . The language has been written in the Latin script since Danish colonization began in the 1700s . The first orthography was developed by Samuel Kleinschmidt in 1851 , but within a hundred years already differed substantially from the spoken language because of a number of sound changes . An extensive orthographic reform undertaken in 1973 that made the script easier to learn resulted in a boost in Greenlandic literacy , which is now among the highest in the world . ", "Greenland -LRB- -LSB- ˈɡriːnlənd -RSB- Kalaallit Nunaat -LSB- kaˈlaːɬit ˈnunaːt -RSB- Grønland -LSB- ˈɡ̊ʁɶnˌlanˀ -RSB- -RRB- is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans , east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America , Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe -LRB- specifically Norway and Denmark , the colonial powers , as well as the nearby island of Iceland -RRB- for more than a millennium . The majority of its residents are Inuit , whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century , gradually settling across the island . Greenland is the world 's largest island -LRB- Australia , although larger , is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island -RRB- . Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica . With a population of about 56,480 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , it is the least densely populated country in the world . The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland , connecting the various cities and settlements . Greenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada . Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century , and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century . The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th century . Soon after their demise , beginning in 1499 , the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island , naming it Terra do Lavrador -LRB- later applied to Labrador in Canada -RRB- . In the early 18th century , Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again . To strengthen trading and power , Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island . Denmark -- Norway claimed Greenland for centuries . Greenland was settled by Vikings -LRB- of Norwegian origin -RRB- more than a thousand years ago , who had previously settled Iceland to escape persecution from the King of Norway and his central government . Vikings set sail from Greenland and Iceland , encountering North America nearly 500 years before Columbus reached the Caribbean islands . They attempted to colonize land . Though under continuous influence of Norway and Norwegians , Greenland was not formally under the Norwegian crown until 1262 . The Kingdom of Norway was extensive and a military power until the mid-14th century . Norway was dramatically hit with a larger death toll than Denmark by the Black Death , forcing Norway to accept a union in which the central government , university and other fundamental institutions were located in Copenhagen . Thus , the two kingdoms ' resources were directed at creating Copenhagen . Norway became the weaker part and lost sovereignty over Greenland in 1814 when the union was dissolved . Greenland became a Danish colony in 1814 , and was made a part of the Danish Realm in 1953 under the Constitution of Denmark . In 1973 , Greenland joined the European Economic Community with Denmark . However , in a referendum in 1982 , a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC which was effected in 1985 . Greenland contains the world 's largest and most northernly national park , Northeast Greenland National Park -LRB- Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq -RRB- . Established in 1974 and expanded to its present size in 1988 , it protects 972001 km2 of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but twenty-nine countries in the world . Greenland is divided into four municipalities - Sermersooq , Kujalleq , Qaasuitsup , and Qeqqata . In 1979 , Denmark had granted home rule to Greenland , and in 2008 , Greenlanders voted in favour of the Self-Government Act , which transferred more power from the Danish royal government to the local Greenlandic government . Under the new structure , in effect since 21 June 2009 , Greenland can gradually assume responsibility for policing , judicial system , company law , accounting , and auditing ; mineral resource activities ; aviation ; law of legal capacity , family law and succession law ; aliens and border controls ; the working environment ; and financial regulation and supervision , while the Danish government retains control of foreign affairs and defence . It also retains control of monetary policy , providing an initial annual subsidy of DKK 3.4 billion , which is planned to diminish gradually over time . Greenland expects to grow its economy based on increased income from the extraction of natural resources . The capital , Nuuk , held the 2016 Arctic Winter Games . At 70 % , Greenland has one of the highest shares of renewable energy in the world , mostly coming from hydropower . ", "The Dane-zaa -LRB- ᑕᓀᖚ , also spelled Dunne-za , or Tsattine -RRB- , historically referred to as the Beaver tribe by Europeans , are an Athabaskan-speaking group of First Nations people . Their traditional territory is around the Peace River in Alberta and British Columbia , Canada . Today , about 1,000 Dane-zaa reside in British Columbia and a hypothesized half of them speak the Danezaa language . Approximately 2,000 Dane-zaa live in Alberta . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Issa_Rae", "Arrested_Development_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Awkward_Black_Girl", "Alex_Goyette", "Here_and_Now_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "Jo-Issa `` Issa '' Rae Diop -LRB- born January 12 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actress , writer , director , producer and web series creator . She is best known as the creator of the YouTube web series Awkward Black Girl . Since the premiere of Awkward Black Girl , Rae has developed her own YouTube platform where she features various content created by people of color . Rae 's shows have garnered over 20 million views and over 260,000 subscribers on YouTube . As of 2017 , Rae is the creator , co-writer and star of the HBO series Insecure , which is partially based on Awkward Black Girl . '' ", "Arrested Development is an American television sitcom created by Mitchell Hurwitz , which originally aired on Fox for three seasons from November 2 , 2003 to February 10 , 2006 . A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26 , 2013 . The show follows the fictitious Bluth family , a formerly wealthy and habitually dysfunctional family . It is presented in a continuous format , incorporating handheld camera work and voice-over narration , as well as the use of occasional archival photos and historical footage . The show also utilizes several long-running `` Easter egg '' jokes throughout each season . Ron Howard serves as both an executive producer and the series ' uncredited narrator . Set in Newport Beach , California , Arrested Development was filmed primarily in Culver City and Marina del Rey . After its debut in 2003 , the series received widespread critical acclaim , six Primetime Emmy Awards , and one Golden Globe Award , and has attracted a cult following , including several fan-based websites . In 2007 , Time listed the show among its `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows '' ; in 2008 , it was ranked 16th on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , IGN named Arrested Development the `` funniest show of all time '' . Its humor has been cited as a key influence on later single-camera sitcoms such as 30 Rock and Community . Despite critical acclaim , Arrested Development received low ratings and viewership on Fox , which canceled the series in 2006 . Rumors of an additional season and a feature film persisted until 2011 , when Netflix agreed to license new episodes and distribute them exclusively on its video streaming service . These episodes were later released in 2013 . Netflix has also commissioned a fifth season of Arrested Development which will premiere in 2018 . ", "The Mis-Adventures of Awkward Black Girl -LRB- often simply referred to as Awkward Black Girl -RRB- is an American comedy web series created by and starring Issa Rae . It premiered on a dedicated YouTube on February 3 , 2011 . The show follows the life of J as she interacts with co-workers and love interests who place her in uncomfortable situations . The story is told through first-person narrative as J usually reveals how she feels about her circumstances through voice-over or dream sequence . The series received critical acclaim and won a Shorty Award for Best Web Series in 2012 . ", "Alex Goyette -LRB- born October 5 , 1988 -RRB- is an American film director , writer , producer , actor , and YouTube personality . He is the writer/director of Expelled , a teen comedy which ranked # 1 worldwide on iTunes during its December release . Goyette studied film at Cal State Northridge , and created his sketch comedy YouTube channel on April 17 , 2011 . The channel 's videos have been viewed 9.5 million times . ", "Here and Now is an American television sitcom that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1992 to January 2 , 1993 . The series starred Malcolm-Jamal Warner in the lead role , who prior to this series co-starred in The Cosby Show which ended its run in April 1992 . Bill Cosby served as one on the show 's executive producers along with Warner serving as executive consultant credited as M.J. Warner . The song `` Tennessee '' by Arrested Development was used as the show 's theme song . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Issa_Rae", "Arrested_Development_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Awkward_Black_Girl", "Alex_Goyette", "Here_and_Now_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "Jo-Issa `` Issa '' Rae Diop -LRB- born January 12 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actress , writer , director , producer and web series creator . She is best known as the creator of the YouTube web series Awkward Black Girl . Since the premiere of Awkward Black Girl , Rae has developed her own YouTube platform where she features various content created by people of color . Rae 's shows have garnered over 20 million views and over 260,000 subscribers on YouTube . As of 2017 , Rae is the creator , co-writer and star of the HBO series Insecure , which is partially based on Awkward Black Girl . '' ", "Arrested Development is an American television sitcom created by Mitchell Hurwitz , which originally aired on Fox for three seasons from November 2 , 2003 to February 10 , 2006 . A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26 , 2013 . The show follows the fictitious Bluth family , a formerly wealthy and habitually dysfunctional family . It is presented in a continuous format , incorporating handheld camera work and voice-over narration , as well as the use of occasional archival photos and historical footage . The show also utilizes several long-running `` Easter egg '' jokes throughout each season . Ron Howard serves as both an executive producer and the series ' uncredited narrator . Set in Newport Beach , California , Arrested Development was filmed primarily in Culver City and Marina del Rey . After its debut in 2003 , the series received widespread critical acclaim , six Primetime Emmy Awards , and one Golden Globe Award , and has attracted a cult following , including several fan-based websites . In 2007 , Time listed the show among its `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows '' ; in 2008 , it was ranked 16th on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , IGN named Arrested Development the `` funniest show of all time '' . Its humor has been cited as a key influence on later single-camera sitcoms such as 30 Rock and Community . Despite critical acclaim , Arrested Development received low ratings and viewership on Fox , which canceled the series in 2006 . Rumors of an additional season and a feature film persisted until 2011 , when Netflix agreed to license new episodes and distribute them exclusively on its video streaming service . These episodes were later released in 2013 . Netflix has also commissioned a fifth season of Arrested Development which will premiere in 2018 . ", "The Mis-Adventures of Awkward Black Girl -LRB- often simply referred to as Awkward Black Girl -RRB- is an American comedy web series created by and starring Issa Rae . It premiered on a dedicated YouTube on February 3 , 2011 . The show follows the life of J as she interacts with co-workers and love interests who place her in uncomfortable situations . The story is told through first-person narrative as J usually reveals how she feels about her circumstances through voice-over or dream sequence . The series received critical acclaim and won a Shorty Award for Best Web Series in 2012 . ", "Alex Goyette -LRB- born October 5 , 1988 -RRB- is an American film director , writer , producer , actor , and YouTube personality . He is the writer/director of Expelled , a teen comedy which ranked # 1 worldwide on iTunes during its December release . Goyette studied film at Cal State Northridge , and created his sketch comedy YouTube channel on April 17 , 2011 . The channel 's videos have been viewed 9.5 million times . ", "Here and Now is an American television sitcom that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1992 to January 2 , 1993 . The series starred Malcolm-Jamal Warner in the lead role , who prior to this series co-starred in The Cosby Show which ended its run in April 1992 . Bill Cosby served as one on the show 's executive producers along with Warner serving as executive consultant credited as M.J. Warner . The song `` Tennessee '' by Arrested Development was used as the show 's theme song . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Robert_Zemeckis", "Christian_Schwochow", "Romancing_the_Stone", "Bill_Eagles", "Robert_Teitel" ]

[ "Robert Lee Zemeckis -LRB- born May 14 , 1952 -RRB- is an American filmmaker and screenwriter frequently credited as an innovator in visual effects . Credited as `` one of the greatest visual storytellers in filmmaking '' , he first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of Romancing the Stone -LRB- 1984 -RRB- and the science-fiction comedy Back to the Future film trilogy , as well as the live-action/animated comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit -LRB- 1988 -RRB- . In the 1990s he diversified into more dramatic fare , including 1994 's Forrest Gump , for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director . The film itself won Best Picture . The movies he has directed have ranged across a wide variety of genres , for both adults and families . Zemeckis ' films are characterized by an interest in state-of-the-art special effects , including the early use of the insertion of computer graphics into live-action footage in Back to the Future Part II -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , and in Forrest Gump and the pioneering performance capture techniques seen in The Polar Express -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Beowulf -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and A Christmas Carol -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . Though Zemeckis has often been pigeonholed as a director interested only in effects , his work has been defended by several critics , including David Thomson , who wrote that `` No other contemporary director has used special effects to more dramatic and narrative purpose . '' On April 27 , 2017 , Screen Junkies reported Zemeckis was in talks to direct a movie based on The Flash for the DC Extended Universe . ", "Christian Schwochow -LRB- born 23 September 1978 -RRB- is a German film director . He directed more than ten films since 2005 . ", "Romancing the Stone is a 1984 American action-adventure romantic comedy . Directed by Robert Zemeckis , it stars Michael Douglas , Kathleen Turner and Danny DeVito . The film was followed by a 1985 sequel , The Jewel of the Nile . Romancing the Stone earned over $ 86,572,238 worldwide in box-office receipts . It also helped launch Turner to stardom , reintroduced Douglas to the public as a capable leading man , started Zemeckis ' frequent collaboration with Alan Silvestri , and gave Zemeckis his first box-office success . Decades later , it retains critical acclaim , with an 87 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes . ", "Bill Eagles is a television director and director . He is best known for directing the 2000 film Beautiful Creatures starring Susan Lynch and Rachel Weisz . As a television director , he moved to Los Angeles in 2003 and worked for 10 years directing TV movies , mini series and episodic TV . Some his credits include CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , Gotham , Invasion , Cold Case , Numb3rs , Battlestar Galactica , Terminator : The Sarah Connor Chronicles , Threshold , Crash , Persons Unknown and Fringe . He has also directed a number of television films in his native United Kingdom . ", "Robert Teitel is an American film producer . Teitel produced the films Soul Food -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Men of Honor -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and the three films in the Barbershop series : Barbersop , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business , and Beauty Shop . He also co-produced of the television series Barbershop : The Series . A 1990 graduate of Columbia College Chicago , he has been associated with writer/director George Tillman , Jr. since they were students there . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Moscovium", "Pahaquarry_Copper_Mine", "Negus_Mine", "Nininger's_Mill", "Adolf_Patera" ]

[ "Moscovium is a superheavy synthetic element with symbol Mc and atomic number 115 . It was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research -LRB- JINR -RRB- in Dubna , Russia . In December 2015 , it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP . On 28 November 2016 , it was officially named after the Moscow region , which the JINR is situated in . Moscovium is an extremely radioactive element : its most stable known isotope , moscovium-290 , has a half-life of only 0.8 seconds . In the periodic table , it is a p-block transactinide element . It is a member of the 7th period and is placed in group 15 as the heaviest pnictogen , although it has not been confirmed to behave as a heavier homologue of the pnictogen bismuth . Moscovium is calculated to have some properties similar to its lighter homologues , nitrogen , phosphorus , arsenic , antimony , and bismuth , and to be a post-transition metal , although it should also show several major differences from them . About 100 atoms of moscovium have been observed to date , all of which have been shown to have mass numbers from 287 to 290 . ", "The Pahaquarry Copper Mine is an abandoned copper mine located on the west side of Kittatinny Mountain presently in Hardwick Township in Warren County , New Jersey in the United States . Active mining was attempted for brief periods during the mid-eighteenth , mid-nineteenth , and early twentieth centuries but was never successful despite developments in mining technology and improving mineral extraction methods . Such ventures were not profitable as the ore extracted proved to be of too low a concentration of copper . This site incorporates the mining ruins , hiking trails , and nearby waterfalls , and is located within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area and administered by the National Park Service . Local tradition and several early historians recount legends of seventeenth-century Dutch miners searching for copper in the Minisink region and commencing mining operations at this location before 1650 . In order to bring this ore to market , the miners are alleged to have built a 104 mi road , the Old Mine Road linking these mines near the Delaware Water Gap with Kingston , New York . This tradition has been refuted by recent research , and it is thought the road has no connection with the mines but was built as Dutch families from New York settled the Minisink in the Eighteenth Century . The earliest evidence of mining at Pahaquarry is 1740 with a brief venture funded by John Reading , Jr. . Later attempts in the middle of the nineteenth century and a renewed effort during the early years of the twentieth century were brief and likewise unsuccessful . ", "Negus Mine was a gold producer at Yellowknife , Northwest Territories , Canada , from 1939 to 1952 . It produced 255,807 troy ounces -LRB- 7956 kg -RRB- of gold from 490,808 tons of ore milled . The underground workings were acquired by adjacent Con Mine in 1953 and were used for ventilation purposes until Con Mine closed in 2003 . ", "Nininger 's Mill , also known as Tinker Mill , is a historic grist mill located near Daleville , Botetourt County , Virginia . The mill was built about 1847 , and is a three-story , brick structure with a gable roof . Wood-frame additions added in the 20th century , are found on the north and east walls . Also on the property is a contributing simple one-story , wood-frame late 19th-century house . The mill was converted to restaurant in 1980 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . ", "Adolf Patera -LRB- 11 July 1819 Vienna -- 26 June 1894 -RRB- , was a Bohemian chemist , mineralogist and metallurgist , best known for the important role he played in the utilisation of uranium in colour production in glass , and associated with silver extraction from the mines at Joachimsthal , then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , now known as Jáchymov . Pateraite , supposedly a cobalt molybdate , is named after him . Patera studied at the Academy in Banská Štiavnica between 1839 and 1843 . Toward the mid-19th century the rich silver ore of Joachimsthal had been almost exhausted and instead miners encountered a heavy black mineral which they named `` Pechblende '' . Martin Heinrich Klaproth , a chemist , found that it could be used in dye industry . This happened shortly after the discovery of Uranus and Klaproth dubbed the black uranium oxide powder `` uranium '' , mistakenly believing it to be an element . Adolf Patera was asked to examine the commercial possibilities of the new substance , and he presented a paper on the use of uranium to the Imperial Academy of Science in 1847 , also describing a method of vanadium extraction from the uranium ores . This led to the construction of a new factory which started production in 1853 of uranium pigments -LRB- sodium , potassium and ammonium diuranates , uranium oxides -RRB- for the production of uranium glass from high-grade pitchblende in a process developed by Patera . The process resulted in waste with a high radium content and was used by Pierre and Marie Curie in their separation of radium . The lustrous fire-resistant dyes coming in so many shades of yellow , black , orange and green became extremely popular and they were used as a matter of course for Czech glass and porcelain decoration , with burgeoning exports to Great Britain and France . Uranium glass is considered to be harmless and only marginally more active than background radiation . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Prague", "Prague_Castle", "Jinonice", "First_courtyard_of_Prague_Castle", "University_of_New_York_in_Prague" ]

[ "Prague -LRB- -LSB- ˈprɑːɡ -RSB- Praha , -LSB- ˈpraɦa -RSB- , Prag -RRB- is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic . It is the 14th largest city in the European Union . It is also the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river , the city is home to about 1.26 million people , while its larger urban zone is estimated to have a population of nearly 2 million . The city has a temperate climate , with warm summers and chilly winters . Prague has been a political , cultural , and economic centre of central Europe with waxing and waning fortunes during its history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV -LRB- r. 1346 -- 1378 -RRB- . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War , and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia , during both World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of famous cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include the Prague Castle , the Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas , and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city . Also , it is home to a wide range of public and private schools , including Charles University in Prague , the oldest university in Central Europe . Prague is classified as an `` Alpha - '' global city according to GaWC studies . Prague ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016 . Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination , and the city receives more than 6.4 million international visitors annually , . Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London , Paris , Istanbul and Rome . ", "Prague Castle -LRB- -LSB- cz : Pražský hrad , Pražský hrad -RSB- -RRB- is a castle complex in Prague , Czech Republic , dating from the 9th century . It is the official residence of the President of the Czech Republic . The castle was a seat of power for kings of Bohemia , Holy Roman emperors , and presidents of Czechoslovakia . The Bohemian Crown Jewels are kept within a hidden room inside it . According to the Guinness Book of Records , Prague Castle is the largest ancient castle in the world , occupying an area of almost 70000 m2 , at about 570 m in length and an average of about 130 m wide . The castle is among the most visited tourist attractions in Prague attracting over 1.8 million visitors annually . ", "Jinonice is a district of Prague , mostly part of Prague 5 , but a small area is part of Prague 13 . It is located on the north edge of Prokopské údolí national park . Jinonice has been a part of Prague city since 1922 . In 1872 the Smíchov -- Hostivice railway line was built . The area is also served by Jinonice metro station on line B of the Prague Metro ", "The first courtyard is one of four at Prague Castle , in Prague , Czech Republic . Wrestling Titans is installed at the courtyard 's entrance . ", "The University of New York in Prague , s.r.o. -LRB- UNYP -RRB- is an accredited private higher education institution in Prague , the capital of the Czech Republic . UNYP is a Czech private university with an American name . Its headquarters is in Prague . UNYP was established in 1998 in cooperation with State University of New York at New Paltz and State University of New York Empire State College . UNYP was granted an official state recognition by the Czech Ministry of Education , Youth and Sports in 2001 on the basis of accreditation of its study programs in Business Administration and International European Relations . UNYP is an accredited member of the British Accreditation Council for Independent Further and Higher Education . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ned_Stark", "Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Comedy_Series", "Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Short_Form_Comedy_or_Drama_Series", "45th_British_Academy_Film_Awards", "Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" ]

[ "Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series . Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 . ", "This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series . The award is presented to the best performance by a lead actor in a television comedy series . Beginning with the 18th Primetime Emmy Awards , leading actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below : # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation . § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation . ", "This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series . These awards , like the guest acting awards , are not presented at the Primetime Emmy Awards show , but rather at the Creative Arts Emmy Award ceremony . ", "The 45th British Film Awards , given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 1992 , honoured the best films of 1991 . Alan Parker 's The Commitments won the awards for Best Film , Director , Adapted Screenplay and Editing . The Silence of the Lambs won the awards for Best Actor -LRB- Anthony Hopkins -RRB- and Actress -LRB- Jodie Foster -RRB- . It went on to win the same Academy Awards . Alan Rickman was voted Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his work in Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves . Kate Nelligan -LRB- Frankie and Johnny -RRB- won the award for Best Supporting Actress . ", "The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences -LRB- AMPAS -RRB- . It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry . The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh . Currently , nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS ; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy . In the first three years of the awards , actors were nominated as the best in their categories . At that time , all of their work during the qualifying period -LRB- as many as three films , in some cases -RRB- was listed after the award . However , during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930 , only one of those films was cited in each winner 's final award , even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots . The following year , this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a specific performance in a single film . Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937 , the category was officially limited to five nominations per year . Since its inception , the award has been given to 79 actors . Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars . Spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions , more than any other actor . As of the 2017 ceremony , Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in this category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Dravidian_parties", "Vayda-Guba", "Mircea_Vodă,_Brăila", "Fidaa", "Cosmin_Bodea" ]

[ "Dravidian parties include an array of regional political parties in the state of Tamil Nadu , India , which trace their origins and ideologies either directly or indirectly to the Dravidian movement of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy . The Dravidian movement was based on the linguistic divide in India , where most of the Northern Indian , Eastern Indian and Western Indian languages are classified as Indo-Aryan , whereas the South Indian languages are classified as Dravidian . Dravidian politics has developed by associating itself to the Dravidian community . The original goal of Dravidian politics was to achieve social equality , but it later championed the cause of ending the domination of North India over the politics and economy of the South Indian province known as Madras Presidency . It is an underlying fact that the Church always orchestrate the undercurrents of the Dravidian politics . The church is also widely blamed for their clandestine support for the protests against Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant , Methane extraction , Kachatheevu issue , Sri Lankan Tamil issue and Jallikattu . Thus Dravidian politics incorporates elements of Tamil Nationalism and has found support only in Tamil Nadu . Most Dravidian parties are offshoots of Dravidar Kazhagam -LRB- DK -RRB- . There are also a few other parties in Tamil Nadu that did not arise from DK directly . Nevertheless , both the former and the latter are considered as Dravidian parties because of the similarities of their ideals and goals . Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam -LRB- DMK -RRB- and its political rival Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam -LRB- AIADMK -RRB- have been the major players among the Dravidian parties since the mid-1960s . Since the 1967 legislative assembly elections , only the DMK and the AIADMK have formed governments in Tamil Nadu . These two parties are political rivals . Barring political alliances with the DMK or AIADMK , since the 1990s no other political party has won more than a few seats in the Indian parliament or state legislative assembly of Tamil Nadu . Since 1996 , members of the DMK and AIADMK have held portfolios in the cabinet of the central Indian government . Another Dravidian party is Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam . Political media is pervasive in Dravidian politics , with five of the seven chief ministers from these parties being directly involved in Tamil cinema , either as script writers or actors . Recently television channels owned by these parties have been used for political propaganda purposes . ", "Vayda-Guba -LRB- Вайда-Губа , Vaitolahti -RRB- is a rural locality -LRB- an inhabited locality -RRB- in Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast , Russia , located beyond the Arctic Circle on the Kola Peninsula at a height of 15 m above sea level . Population : 94 -LRB- 2010 Census -RRB- . ", "Mircea Vodă is a commune located in Brăila County , Romania . It is composed of two villages , Dedulești and Mircea Vodă . ", "Fidaa is an upcoming Telugu film written and directed by Sekhar Kammula . It features Varun Tej and Sai Pallavi in the lead roles which marks the latter 's debut in Telugu . Principal photography commenced in August 2016 . ", "Cosmin Bodea -LRB- born 12 June 1973 in Beiuș -RRB- is a Romanian football manager and former player . Bodea appeared with a Romanian select team that played the Kuwait national football team in 2002 , but never appeared for the senior Romanian national team . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Temple_Grandin_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Temples_of_Humankind", "Zhinan_Temple", "Iraivan_Temple", "Richard_Harris" ]

[ "Temple Grandin is a 2010 biopic directed by Mick Jackson and starring Claire Danes as Temple Grandin , an autistic woman who revolutionized practices for the humane handling of livestock on cattle ranches and slaughterhouses . ", "The Temples of Humankind are a collection of subterranean temples buried 100 ft underground built by the Federation of Damanhur . They are decorated in several motifs stressing peaceful human collaboration . The Temples are located in the foothills of the Alps in northern Italy , 30 mi from Turin , in the valley of Valchiusella . The temples were created under the direction of Oberto Airaudi who , having claimed visions of ancient temples at age 10 from a previous life , began excavation and building in August 1978 . By 1991 most of the chambers were reportedly complete when Italian police , acting on a tip from villagers , conducted a raid on the Temples . However , since the temples were so well hidden , police were unable to locate them until state prosecutor Bruno Tinti threatened `` show us these temples or we will dynamite the entire hillside . '' Eventually the Italian government reportedly gave them retroactive excavation and erection privileges and the Temples are now open to visitors . Parts of the Temples : Hall of Water -- dedicated to the feminine principle , it is in the shape of a chalice and invites receptivity Blue Hall -- for meditation on social matters and is used as a place of inspiration and reflection Hall of Earth -- dedicated to the masculine principle , to the earth as an element and planet and to past and future reincarnations Hall of Metals -- represents the different ages and developmental stages of humankind and the shadow elements of the human psyche Labyrinth Hall -- showing Interfaith worship through the centuries , uniting different cultures and peoples Hall of Spheres -- positioned where 3 synchronic lines merge , inviting planetary contact and transmission of messages , ideas and dreams to create harmony between nations Hall of Mirrors -- dedicated to the sky , air and light , solar energy , strength and life . There are 4 altars to earth , water , air and fire ", "Zhinan Temple -LRB- ; also called 仙公廟 , Xiāngōng Miào ; also unofficially anglicized as `` Chi nan '' or `` Chih nan '' -RRB- is a Taoist temple on the slopes of Houshan -LRB- 猴山 , `` Monkey Mountain '' -RRB- in Muzha , a suburb of Taipei , Taiwan . It was founded in 1882 . The temple 's main deity is Lü Dongbin , one of the Eight Immortals . As Lü is said to dwell in the southern courtyard of the heavenly court , the temple acts as a compass pointing toward the south -LRB- 指南 , zhĭnán -RRB- ; hence the name . ", "The San Marga Iraivan Temple is a white granite stone Hindu temple sculpted in India and currently under construction on the Hawaiian island of Kauai . The temple is dedicated to Shiva . `` Iraivan '' means `` He who is worshipped , '' and is one of the oldest words for God in the Tamil language . The Iraivan Temple is located next to the Wailua River and 5 mi from Mount Waialeale . It is the first all-stone temple to be built in the United States . It is maintained by the Saiva Siddhanta Church , also known as Kauai Aadheenam and Kauai 's Hindu Monastery . Sri Trichy Mahaswamigal -LRB- d. 2005 -RRB- of Kailash Ashram , Bangalore , describes the temple 's importance : `` The Iraivan Temple is going to be to America what the temples of Chidambaram , Madurai , Rameshwaram , and other great Siva temples are to India . '' ", "Richard St John Harris -LRB- 1 October 1930 -- 25 October 2002 -RRB- was an Irish actor and singer . He appeared on stage and in many films , appearing as Frank Machin in This Sporting Life , and King Arthur in the 1967 film Camelot and the subsequent 1981 revival of the show . He played an aristocrat and prisoner in A Man Called Horse -LRB- 1970 -RRB- , a gunfighter in Clint Eastwood 's Western film Unforgiven -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Emperor Marcus Aurelius in Gladiator -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and Albus Dumbledore in the first two Harry Potter films : the Sorcerer 's Stone -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and the Chamber of Secrets -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Harris had a top ten hit in the United Kingdom and United States with his 1968 recording of Jimmy Webb 's song `` MacArthur Park '' . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Youth_studies", "An_Education", "Philosophy_of_education", "Coming_of_age", "Secretary_of_State_for_Children,_Schools_and_Families" ]

[ "Youth studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the development , history , culture , psychology , and politics of youth . The field studies not only specific cultures of young people , but also their relationships , roles and responsibilities throughout the larger societies which they occupy . The field includes scholars of education , literature , history , politics , religion , sociology , and many other disciplines within the humanities and social sciences.Youth studies encourages the understanding of experiences that are predominantly manifested among young people , generalized phenomenon and social change . The majority of 15 - to 24-year-olds in 2008 lived in developing countries . The definition of youth varies across cultural contexts . The social experience and organization of time and space are important themes in youth studies . Scholars examine how neoliberalism and globalization affect how young people experience life , including in comparison to previous generations . ", "An Education is a 2009 coming-of-age drama film based on a memoir of the same name by British journalist Lynn Barber . The film was directed by Lone Scherfig from a screenplay by Nick Hornby . It stars Carey Mulligan as Jenny , a bright schoolgirl , and Peter Sarsgaard as David , the charming con man who seduces her . The film was nominated for three Academy Awards in 2010 : Best Picture and Writing -LRB- Adapted Screenplay -RRB- for Nick Hornby , and Best Actress for Carey Mulligan . An Education premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival . It screened on 10 September 2009 at the Toronto International Film Festival and was featured at the Telluride by the Sea Film Festival in Portsmouth , New Hampshire , US , on 19 September 2009 . The film was shown on 9 October 2009 , at the Mill Valley Film Festival . It was released in the US on 16 October 2009 and in the UK on 30 October 2009 . ", "Philosophy of education can refer either to the application of philosophy to the problem of education , examining definitions , goals and chains of meaning used in education by teachers , administrators and policymakers . It can involve the examination of particular visions or approaches by researchers and policy-makers in education that often address contemporary debates and assumptions about innovations and practices in teaching and learning by considering the profession within broader philosophical or sociocultural contexts . As an academic field , study involves `` the philosophical study of education and its problems ... its central subject matter is education , and its methods are those of philosophy '' . `` The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education . That is , it may be part of the discipline in the sense of being concerned with the aims , forms , methods , or results of the process of educating or being educated ; or it may be metadisciplinary in the sense of being concerned with the concepts , aims , and methods of the discipline . '' As such , it is both part of the field of education and a field of applied philosophy , drawing from fields of metaphysics , epistemology , axiology and the philosophical approaches -LRB- speculative , prescriptive , or analytic -RRB- to address questions in and about pedagogy , education policy , and curriculum , as well as the process of learning , to name a few . For example , it might study what constitutes upbringing and education , the values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices , the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline , and the relation between educational theory and practice . One applications is Transactionalism which seeks to avoid the risks of simplifying complexity in teaching and learning any subject . Instead of being taught in philosophy departments , philosophy of education is usually housed in departments or colleges of education , similar to how philosophy of law is generally taught in law schools . The multiple ways of conceiving education coupled with the multiple fields and approaches of philosophy make philosophy of education not only a very diverse field but also one that is not easily defined . Although there is overlap , philosophy of education should not be conflated with educational theory , which is not defined specifically by the application of philosophy to questions in education . Philosophy of education also should not be confused with philosophy education , the practice of teaching and learning the subject of philosophy . Philosophy of education can also be understood not as an academic discipline but as a normative educational theory that unifies pedagogy , curriculum , learning theory , and the purpose of education and is grounded in specific metaphysical , epistemological , and axiological assumptions . These theories are also called educational philosophies . For example , a teacher might be said to follow a perennialist educational philosophy or to follow a perennialist philosophy of education . ", "Coming of age is a young person 's transition from being a child to being an adult . The certain age at which this transition takes place changes in society , as does the nature of the change . It can be a simple legal convention or can be part of a ritual or spiritual event , as practiced by many societies . In the past , and in some societies today , such a change is associated with the age of sexual maturity -LRB- early adolescence -RRB- , especially menarche and spermarche . In others , it is associated with an age of religious responsibility . Particularly in western societies , modern legal conventions which stipulate points in late adolescence or early adulthood -LRB- most commonly 18-21 when adolescents are generally no longer considered minors and are granted the full rights and responsibilities of an adult -RRB- are the focus of the transition . In either case , many cultures retain ceremonies to confirm the coming of age , and significant benefits come with the change . Coming of age is often a topic of fiction , in the form of a coming-of-age story . In written literature , a novel which deals with the psychological and moral growth often associated with coming of age is sometimes called a bildungsroman . Similar stories that are told in film are called coming-of-age films . ", "The Secretary of State for Children , Schools and Families was a Cabinet minister post in the United Kingdom . The post was created on 28 June 2007 after the disbanding of the Department for Education and Skills by Gordon Brown . The only Secretary of State with this title was Ed Balls , a former treasury aide to Brown . He was head of the Department for Children , Schools and Families responsible for coordinating work across Government relevant to youth justice , the respect agenda and family policy , while also taking over responsibility for education policy up to the age of 19 in England from the Department for Education and Skills , with the Secretary of State for Innovation , Universities and Skills being responsible for education after that age . Other responsibilities included inputs into the Government 's strategy for ending child poverty , with the Department for Work and Pensions and into promoting the health of all children by working with the Department of Culture , Media and Sport . On May 12 , 2010 , the Department was again renamed and Michael Gove was appointed Secretary of State for Education . Colour key -LRB- for political parties -RRB- : " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Youth_studies", "An_Education", "Philosophy_of_education", "Coming_of_age", "Secretary_of_State_for_Children,_Schools_and_Families" ]

[ "Youth studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the development , history , culture , psychology , and politics of youth . The field studies not only specific cultures of young people , but also their relationships , roles and responsibilities throughout the larger societies which they occupy . The field includes scholars of education , literature , history , politics , religion , sociology , and many other disciplines within the humanities and social sciences.Youth studies encourages the understanding of experiences that are predominantly manifested among young people , generalized phenomenon and social change . The majority of 15 - to 24-year-olds in 2008 lived in developing countries . The definition of youth varies across cultural contexts . The social experience and organization of time and space are important themes in youth studies . Scholars examine how neoliberalism and globalization affect how young people experience life , including in comparison to previous generations . ", "An Education is a 2009 coming-of-age drama film based on a memoir of the same name by British journalist Lynn Barber . The film was directed by Lone Scherfig from a screenplay by Nick Hornby . It stars Carey Mulligan as Jenny , a bright schoolgirl , and Peter Sarsgaard as David , the charming con man who seduces her . The film was nominated for three Academy Awards in 2010 : Best Picture and Writing -LRB- Adapted Screenplay -RRB- for Nick Hornby , and Best Actress for Carey Mulligan . An Education premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival . It screened on 10 September 2009 at the Toronto International Film Festival and was featured at the Telluride by the Sea Film Festival in Portsmouth , New Hampshire , US , on 19 September 2009 . The film was shown on 9 October 2009 , at the Mill Valley Film Festival . It was released in the US on 16 October 2009 and in the UK on 30 October 2009 . ", "Philosophy of education can refer either to the application of philosophy to the problem of education , examining definitions , goals and chains of meaning used in education by teachers , administrators and policymakers . It can involve the examination of particular visions or approaches by researchers and policy-makers in education that often address contemporary debates and assumptions about innovations and practices in teaching and learning by considering the profession within broader philosophical or sociocultural contexts . As an academic field , study involves `` the philosophical study of education and its problems ... its central subject matter is education , and its methods are those of philosophy '' . `` The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education . That is , it may be part of the discipline in the sense of being concerned with the aims , forms , methods , or results of the process of educating or being educated ; or it may be metadisciplinary in the sense of being concerned with the concepts , aims , and methods of the discipline . '' As such , it is both part of the field of education and a field of applied philosophy , drawing from fields of metaphysics , epistemology , axiology and the philosophical approaches -LRB- speculative , prescriptive , or analytic -RRB- to address questions in and about pedagogy , education policy , and curriculum , as well as the process of learning , to name a few . For example , it might study what constitutes upbringing and education , the values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices , the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline , and the relation between educational theory and practice . One applications is Transactionalism which seeks to avoid the risks of simplifying complexity in teaching and learning any subject . Instead of being taught in philosophy departments , philosophy of education is usually housed in departments or colleges of education , similar to how philosophy of law is generally taught in law schools . The multiple ways of conceiving education coupled with the multiple fields and approaches of philosophy make philosophy of education not only a very diverse field but also one that is not easily defined . Although there is overlap , philosophy of education should not be conflated with educational theory , which is not defined specifically by the application of philosophy to questions in education . Philosophy of education also should not be confused with philosophy education , the practice of teaching and learning the subject of philosophy . Philosophy of education can also be understood not as an academic discipline but as a normative educational theory that unifies pedagogy , curriculum , learning theory , and the purpose of education and is grounded in specific metaphysical , epistemological , and axiological assumptions . These theories are also called educational philosophies . For example , a teacher might be said to follow a perennialist educational philosophy or to follow a perennialist philosophy of education . ", "Coming of age is a young person 's transition from being a child to being an adult . The certain age at which this transition takes place changes in society , as does the nature of the change . It can be a simple legal convention or can be part of a ritual or spiritual event , as practiced by many societies . In the past , and in some societies today , such a change is associated with the age of sexual maturity -LRB- early adolescence -RRB- , especially menarche and spermarche . In others , it is associated with an age of religious responsibility . Particularly in western societies , modern legal conventions which stipulate points in late adolescence or early adulthood -LRB- most commonly 18-21 when adolescents are generally no longer considered minors and are granted the full rights and responsibilities of an adult -RRB- are the focus of the transition . In either case , many cultures retain ceremonies to confirm the coming of age , and significant benefits come with the change . Coming of age is often a topic of fiction , in the form of a coming-of-age story . In written literature , a novel which deals with the psychological and moral growth often associated with coming of age is sometimes called a bildungsroman . Similar stories that are told in film are called coming-of-age films . ", "The Secretary of State for Children , Schools and Families was a Cabinet minister post in the United Kingdom . The post was created on 28 June 2007 after the disbanding of the Department for Education and Skills by Gordon Brown . The only Secretary of State with this title was Ed Balls , a former treasury aide to Brown . He was head of the Department for Children , Schools and Families responsible for coordinating work across Government relevant to youth justice , the respect agenda and family policy , while also taking over responsibility for education policy up to the age of 19 in England from the Department for Education and Skills , with the Secretary of State for Innovation , Universities and Skills being responsible for education after that age . Other responsibilities included inputs into the Government 's strategy for ending child poverty , with the Department for Work and Pensions and into promoting the health of all children by working with the Department of Culture , Media and Sport . On May 12 , 2010 , the Department was again renamed and Michael Gove was appointed Secretary of State for Education . Colour key -LRB- for political parties -RRB- : " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Vic_Mensa", "Beni_Veras", "Innanetape", "Gil_Stratton", "Vic_Atkinson" ]

[ "Victor Kwesi Mensah -LRB- born June 6 , 1993 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Vic Mensa , is a Grammy-nominated American rapper from Chicago , Illinois . He is currently signed to Roc Nation and was a member of the group Kids These Days , which broke up in May 2013 . He released his first solo mixtape Innanetape . Mensa is also founder of the hip-hop collective Savemoney which includes frequent collaborator Chance the Rapper . His debut single `` Down on My Luck '' was released in June 2014 by Virgin EMI . ", "Benedito Clayton Veras Alcântara , known by Beni Veras , -LRB- August 18 , 1935 -- November 6 , 2015 -RRB- was a Brazilian politician and businessman . He served as the Governor of Ceará from April 5 , 2002 , to January 1 , 2003 , following the resignation of his predecessor , Governor Tasso Jereissati . He had previously served as a member of the Federal Senate from Ceará from 1991 to 1999 , as well as the national Minister of Planning , Budget , and Management from 1994 to 1995 during the administration of President Itamar Franco . Veras was also a founder of Ceará state branch of the PSDB political party and contributed to the development of the Centro Industrial do Ceará -LRB- CIC -RRB- in Fortaleza , the state capital city . Veras was born in Crateús , Ceará , in 1935 . He attended school at the Liceu do Ceará . Veras was married to Vanda de Sousa Alcântara , with whom he had four children . Beni Veras died in Fortaleza on November 6 , 2015 , at the age of 80 . His funeral was held at the Palácio da Abolição in the Bairro Meireles neighborhood of Fortaleza . The Ceará state government declared three days of mourning following Veras ' death . ", "Innanetape -LRB- stylized as INNANETAPE -RRB- is the debut mixtape by American rapper Vic Mensa . It was released on September 30 , 2013 , as a free digital download . The mixtape features guest appearances from Chance the Rapper , Ab-Soul , Rockie Fresh and BJ the Chicago Kid , as well as the production that was provided by Boi-1da , Hit-Boy , Cam for J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League , Tae Beast , DJ Dahi , Om ` Mas Keith , Christian Rich and Mensa himself . ", "Gil Stratton Jr. -LRB- June 2 , 1922 -- October 11 , 2008 -RRB- was an actor and sportscaster who was born in Brooklyn , New York . He most recently resided in Toluca Lake , California , until his death from congestive heart failure . ", "Vic Atkinson -LRB- 31 March 1921 -- 26 April 2011 -RRB- was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League -LRB- VFL -RRB- . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Vic_Mensa", "Beni_Veras", "Innanetape", "Gil_Stratton", "Vic_Atkinson" ]

[ "Victor Kwesi Mensah -LRB- born June 6 , 1993 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Vic Mensa , is a Grammy-nominated American rapper from Chicago , Illinois . He is currently signed to Roc Nation and was a member of the group Kids These Days , which broke up in May 2013 . He released his first solo mixtape Innanetape . Mensa is also founder of the hip-hop collective Savemoney which includes frequent collaborator Chance the Rapper . His debut single `` Down on My Luck '' was released in June 2014 by Virgin EMI . ", "Benedito Clayton Veras Alcântara , known by Beni Veras , -LRB- August 18 , 1935 -- November 6 , 2015 -RRB- was a Brazilian politician and businessman . He served as the Governor of Ceará from April 5 , 2002 , to January 1 , 2003 , following the resignation of his predecessor , Governor Tasso Jereissati . He had previously served as a member of the Federal Senate from Ceará from 1991 to 1999 , as well as the national Minister of Planning , Budget , and Management from 1994 to 1995 during the administration of President Itamar Franco . Veras was also a founder of Ceará state branch of the PSDB political party and contributed to the development of the Centro Industrial do Ceará -LRB- CIC -RRB- in Fortaleza , the state capital city . Veras was born in Crateús , Ceará , in 1935 . He attended school at the Liceu do Ceará . Veras was married to Vanda de Sousa Alcântara , with whom he had four children . Beni Veras died in Fortaleza on November 6 , 2015 , at the age of 80 . His funeral was held at the Palácio da Abolição in the Bairro Meireles neighborhood of Fortaleza . The Ceará state government declared three days of mourning following Veras ' death . ", "Innanetape -LRB- stylized as INNANETAPE -RRB- is the debut mixtape by American rapper Vic Mensa . It was released on September 30 , 2013 , as a free digital download . The mixtape features guest appearances from Chance the Rapper , Ab-Soul , Rockie Fresh and BJ the Chicago Kid , as well as the production that was provided by Boi-1da , Hit-Boy , Cam for J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League , Tae Beast , DJ Dahi , Om ` Mas Keith , Christian Rich and Mensa himself . ", "Gil Stratton Jr. -LRB- June 2 , 1922 -- October 11 , 2008 -RRB- was an actor and sportscaster who was born in Brooklyn , New York . He most recently resided in Toluca Lake , California , until his death from congestive heart failure . ", "Vic Atkinson -LRB- 31 March 1921 -- 26 April 2011 -RRB- was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League -LRB- VFL -RRB- . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Vic_Mensa", "Beni_Veras", "Innanetape", "Gil_Stratton", "Vic_Atkinson" ]

[ "Victor Kwesi Mensah -LRB- born June 6 , 1993 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Vic Mensa , is a Grammy-nominated American rapper from Chicago , Illinois . He is currently signed to Roc Nation and was a member of the group Kids These Days , which broke up in May 2013 . He released his first solo mixtape Innanetape . Mensa is also founder of the hip-hop collective Savemoney which includes frequent collaborator Chance the Rapper . His debut single `` Down on My Luck '' was released in June 2014 by Virgin EMI . ", "Benedito Clayton Veras Alcântara , known by Beni Veras , -LRB- August 18 , 1935 -- November 6 , 2015 -RRB- was a Brazilian politician and businessman . He served as the Governor of Ceará from April 5 , 2002 , to January 1 , 2003 , following the resignation of his predecessor , Governor Tasso Jereissati . He had previously served as a member of the Federal Senate from Ceará from 1991 to 1999 , as well as the national Minister of Planning , Budget , and Management from 1994 to 1995 during the administration of President Itamar Franco . Veras was also a founder of Ceará state branch of the PSDB political party and contributed to the development of the Centro Industrial do Ceará -LRB- CIC -RRB- in Fortaleza , the state capital city . Veras was born in Crateús , Ceará , in 1935 . He attended school at the Liceu do Ceará . Veras was married to Vanda de Sousa Alcântara , with whom he had four children . Beni Veras died in Fortaleza on November 6 , 2015 , at the age of 80 . His funeral was held at the Palácio da Abolição in the Bairro Meireles neighborhood of Fortaleza . The Ceará state government declared three days of mourning following Veras ' death . ", "Innanetape -LRB- stylized as INNANETAPE -RRB- is the debut mixtape by American rapper Vic Mensa . It was released on September 30 , 2013 , as a free digital download . The mixtape features guest appearances from Chance the Rapper , Ab-Soul , Rockie Fresh and BJ the Chicago Kid , as well as the production that was provided by Boi-1da , Hit-Boy , Cam for J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League , Tae Beast , DJ Dahi , Om ` Mas Keith , Christian Rich and Mensa himself . ", "Gil Stratton Jr. -LRB- June 2 , 1922 -- October 11 , 2008 -RRB- was an actor and sportscaster who was born in Brooklyn , New York . He most recently resided in Toluca Lake , California , until his death from congestive heart failure . ", "Vic Atkinson -LRB- 31 March 1921 -- 26 April 2011 -RRB- was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League -LRB- VFL -RRB- . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "See_You_on_the_Other_Side_-LRB-Korn_album-RRB-", "The_Other_Side_of_Me_-LRB-Andy_Williams_album-RRB-", "Your_Side", "The_Other_Side_-LRB-Chris_Hillman_album-RRB-", "The_Other_Side_-LRB-2011_film-RRB-" ]

[ "See You on the Other Side is the seventh studio album by Korn . It was released on December 6 , 2005 , by Virgin Records . It is their first album without long-time guitarist Brian `` Head '' Welch and the last album with original drummer David Silveria . The album was first certified gold in the United States on January 12 , 2006 ; a subsequent platinum record certification was awarded on March 16 , 2006 . The album is best known for the involvement of renowned production team ` The Matrix ' , best known for coproduction on works by Avril Lavigne , Britney Spears , and Shakira , who managed to give Korn 's music a different sound . The album features layout design and an original painting by the American surrealist / gothic painter David Stoupakis as a cover , eleven more paintings by the artist appear for the additional artwork and the deluxe special edition . ", "The Other Side of Me is an album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released in the summer of 1975 by Columbia Records . Although it did not make it onto Billboard magazine 's Top LP 's & Tapes chart in the US , it did spend one week on the UK album chart in October 1975 at number 60 . The UK version of the album included one additional track , `` Love Said Goodbye '' which had entered Billboard '' 's list of the 40 most popular Easy Listening songs of the week in the US in the issue dated January 11 , 1975 , and reached number 24 over the course of seven weeks . The first song released from the US version of the album was `` Sad Eyes '' , which entered the Easy Listening chart in the October 11 , 1975 , issue and stayed there for seven weeks , peaking at number 11 , and the title track from the album entered the UK singles chart on March 6 , 1976 , for a three-week stay that took the song to number 42 . The North American version of The Other Side of Me was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on February 19 , 2002 , the other album being Williams 's Columbia release from the fall of 1974 , You Lay So Easy on My Mind . Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled Classic Album Collection , Vol . 2 '' , which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29 , 2002 . ", "Your Side is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Stanley Huang 's debut Mandarin solo studio album . It was released on 1 March 2000 by EMI Music Taiwan . ", "The Other Side is a Chris Hillman Album , released in 2005 . It contains a countryfied version of The Byrds 1966 single `` Eight Miles High '' . ", "The Other Side is a 2011 comedy-drama film . The film is the directorial debut of writer David Michaels , who co-wrote the script with Phil Reeves . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Giovanni Ribisi , Dave Matthews , Anjelica Huston and Jason Lee . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Species_distribution", "Relative_species_abundance", "Turnover-pulse_hypothesis", "Cladogenesis", "List_of_invasive_species_in_Asia" ]

[ "Species distribution is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged . Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal , which is the movement of individuals away from their area of origin or from centers of high on density . A similar concept is the species range . A species range is often represented with a species range map . Biogeographers try to understand the factors determining a species ' distribution . The pattern of distribution is not permanent for each species . Distribution patterns can change seasonally , in response to the availability of resources , and also depending on the scale at which they are viewed . Dispersion usually takes place at the time of reproduction . Populations within a species are translocated through many methods , including dispersal by people , wind , water and animals . Humans are one of the largest distributors due to the current trends in globalization and the expanse of the transportation industry . For example , large tankers often fill their ballasts with water at one port and empty them in another , causing a wider distribution of aquatic species . Biogeography is the study of the distribution of biodiversity over space and time . It is very useful in understanding species distribution through factors such as speciation , extinction , continental drift , glaciation , variation of sea levels , river capture and available resources . This branch of study not only gives a description of the species distribution , but also a geographical explanation for the distribution of particular species . The traditional biogeographic regions were first modeled by Alfred Wallace in The Geographical Distribution of Animals -LRB- 1876 -RRB- . These were based on the work of Sclater 's terrestrial biogeographic regions . Wallace 's system was based on both birds and vertebrates , including non-flying mammals , which better reflect the natural divisions of the Earth due to their limited dispersal abilities . ", "Relative species abundance is a component of biodiversity and refers to how common or rare a species is relative to other species in a defined location or community . Relative abundance is the percent composition of an organism of a particular kind relative to the total number of organisms in the area . Relative species abundances tend to conform to specific patterns that are among the best-known and most-studied patterns in macroecology . ", "The turnover-pulse hypothesis was constructed by paleoanthropologist Elisabeth Vrba , and is used to gauge the rate of survival and adaptation within species . The turnover-pulse hypothesis makes clear predictions regarding the responses of species to changing ecological factors . She defined turnover pulses as involving episodes of climatic change which caused geographic isolation in various taxa ; the isolation subsequently spurred extinction and speciation in several different clades . The turnover pulse hypothesis is significant because it extends the geographic radiation concept from a single to a multi-clade context . The theory 's key features are based on the sequence of species in the palaeontology of related genera , and environmental aspects in adaptation , survival and extinction . The majority of turnover pulses that occur result in small peaks affecting a small number of species , and typically involve a small geographic area . It is important to note that , based on Vrba and the turnover-pulse hypothesis , evolutionary change is caused by physical changes in the environment , such as climate change , tectonic plate shifting , and astronomical catastrophes , among other things . ", "Cladogenesis is an evolutionary splitting event where a parent species splits into two distinct species , forming a clade . This event usually occurs when a few organisms end up in new , often distant areas or when environmental changes cause several extinctions , opening up ecological niches for the survivors . The events that cause these species to originally separate from each other over distant areas may still allow both of the species to have equal chances of surviving , reproducing , and even evolving to better suit their environments while still being two distinct species . Cladogenesis is in contrast to anagenesis , in which an ancestral species gradually accumulates change , and eventually , when enough is accumulated , the species is sufficiently distinct and different enough from its original starting form that it can be labeled as a new form - a new species . Note that here the lineage in a phylogenetic tree does not split . To determine whether a speciation event is cladogenesis , researchers may use simulation , evidence from fossils , molecular evidence from the DNA of different living species , or modelling . It has however been questioned whether the distinction between cladogenesis and anagenesis is necessary at all in evolutionary theory . ", "This is a list of invasive species in Asia . A species is regarded as invasive if it has been introduced by human action to a location , area , or region where it did not previously occur naturally -LRB- i.e. , is not a native species -RRB- , becomes capable of establishing a breeding population in the new location without further intervention by humans , and becomes a pest in the new location , directly threatening agriculture and/or the local biodiversity . The term invasive species refers to a subset of those species defined as introduced species . If a species has been introduced but remains local , and is not problematic to agriculture or to the local biodiversity , then it can not be considered to be an invasive species and does not belong on this list . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Romani_people", "Romani_diaspora", "Romani_people_in_Greece", "Romani_people_in_the_Republic_of_Macedonia", "Giuseppe_Romani" ]

[ "The Romani -LRB- also spelled Romany ; -LSB- ˈroʊməni -RSB- , -LSB- ˈrɒ - -RSB- -RRB- , or Roma , are a traditionally nomadic ethnic group , living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent , apparently from the region that is currently occupied by the Indian states of Rajasthan , Haryana , and Punjab . The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym `` Gypsies '' -LRB- or `` Gipsies '' -RRB- , which some people consider pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity . They are a dispersed people , but their most concentrated populations are located in Europe , especially Central , Eastern and Southern Europe -LRB- including Turkey , Spain and Southern France -RRB- . The Romani originated in Northern India and arrived in Mid-West Asia , and Europe soon thereafter , around 1,000 years ago , either separating from the Dom people or , at least , having a similar history . Specifically , the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the sixth and eleventh century . Since the 19th century , some Romani have also migrated to the Americas . There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States ; and 800,000 in Brazil , most of whose ancestors emigrated in the nineteenth century from eastern Europe . Brazil also includes some Romani descended from people deported by the government of Portugal during the Inquisition in the colonial era . In migrations since the late nineteenth century , Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada . In February 2016 , during the International Roma Conference , the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India . The conference ended with a recommendation to the Government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora . The Romani language is divided into several dialects , which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million . The total number of Romani people is at least twice as large -LRB- several times as large according to high estimates -RRB- . Many Romani are native speakers of the language current in their country of residence , or of mixed languages combining the two ; those varieties are sometimes called Para-Romani . ", "The Roma people have a number of distinct populations , the largest being the Roma and the Iberian Calé or Caló , who reached Anatolia and the Balkans about the early 12th century , from a migration out of northwestern India beginning about 600 years earlier . They settled in present-day Turkey , Greece , Serbia , Romania , Moldova , Bulgaria , Macedonia , Hungary and Slovakia , by order of volume , and Spain . From the Balkans , they migrated throughout Europe and , in the nineteenth and later centuries , to the Americas . The Romani population in the United States is estimated at more than one million . There is no official or reliable count of the Romani populations worldwide . Many Romani refuse to register their ethnic identity in official censuses for fear of discrimination . Others are descendants of intermarriage with local populations and no longer identify only as Romani , or not at all . As of the early 2000s , an estimated 4 to 9 million Romani people lived in Europe and Asia Minor . although some Romani organizations estimate numbers as high as 14 million . Significant Romani populations are found in the Balkan peninsula , in some Central European states , in Spain , France , Russia , and Ukraine . The total number of Romani living outside Europe are primarily in the Middle East and North Africa and in the Americas , and are estimated in total at more than two million . Some countries do not collect data by ethnicity . The Romani people identify as distinct ethnicities based in part on territorial , cultural and dialectal differences , and self-designation . The main branches are : Roma , concentrated in Central and Eastern Europe and Italy , they emigrated -LRB- mostly from the 19th century onwards -RRB- to the rest of Europe , as well as the Americas ; Iberian Kale , mostly in Spain -LRB- see Romani people in Spain -RRB- , but also in Portugal -LRB- see Romani people in Portugal -RRB- , Southern France and Latin America ; Finnish Kale , in Finland , emigrated also in Sweden ; Welsh Kale , in Wales and the British Isles ; Romanichal , in the United Kingdom , some emigrated also to the United States , Canada and Australia ; Sinti , in German-speaking areas of Europe and some neighboring countries ; Manush , in French-speaking areas of Europe -LRB- in French : Manouche -RRB- ; and Romanisæl , in Norway and Sweden . The Romani have additional internal distinctions , with groups identified as Bashaldé ; Churari ; Luri ; Ungaritza ; Lovari -LRB- Lovara -RRB- from Hungary ; Machvaya -LRB- Machavaya , Machwaya , or Macwaia -RRB- from Serbia ; Romungro from Hungary and neighbouring Carpathian countries ; Erlides -LRB- also Yerlii or Arli -RRB- ; Xoraxai -LRB- Horahane -RRB- from Greece/Turkey ; Boyash -LRB- Lingurari , Ludar , Ludari , Rudari , or Zlătari -RRB- from Romanian/Moldovan miners ; Ursari from Romanian/Moldovan bear-trainers ; Argintari from silversmiths ; Aurari from goldsmiths ; Florari from florists ; and Lăutari from singers . ", "The Romani people of Greece are called Arlije/Erlides , Tsiganoi or the more derogatory term Gyftoi -LRB- Gypsies -RRB- . The number of Roma in Greece is currently estimated to be between 200,000 and 300,000 people . ", "According to the last census from 2002 , there were 53 879 people counted as Romani in the Republic of Macedonia '' ' , or 2.66 % of the population . Another 3 843 people have been counted as `` Egyptians '' -LRB- 0.2 % -RRB- . Altogether , 2.85 % Romani and Egyptians have been registered in Macedonia . Other sources claim the number to be between 80 000 and 260 000 Roma in Macedonia or approximately 4 to 12 % of the total population . The municipality of Šuto Orizari is the only municipality in the world with a Romani majority and the only municipality where Romani is an official language . Due to the demographics , both Romani and Macedonian are official in Šuto Orizari , the municipality being officially bilingual . The mayor of the municipality , Elvis Bajram , is an ethnic Roma . In 2009 , the Government of the Republic of Macedonia took measures to enlarge inclusion of Romani in the education process . The Republic of Macedonia is the region 's leader in respecting the rights of the Romani people . It is the first country in the region with a minister of Romani ethnicity and also has a lot of Romani in high government positions . However , there is still a lot to be done concerning the education and integration of the Romani . ", "Giuseppe Romani -LRB- c. 1654 -- 1718 -RRB- was an Italian painter of the Baroque era . There are very few information available about the life of this artist born in Como , Italy , although many paintings of his still survive . It is not certain if Romani can be identified with the `` Joseph Romani '' , an Italian artist active in Madrid , described by Antonio Palomino in his An account of the lives and works of the most eminent Spanish painters , sculptors and architects . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Romani_people", "Romani_diaspora", "Romani_people_in_Greece", "Romani_people_in_the_Republic_of_Macedonia", "Giuseppe_Romani" ]

[ "The Romani -LRB- also spelled Romany ; -LSB- ˈroʊməni -RSB- , -LSB- ˈrɒ - -RSB- -RRB- , or Roma , are a traditionally nomadic ethnic group , living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent , apparently from the region that is currently occupied by the Indian states of Rajasthan , Haryana , and Punjab . The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym `` Gypsies '' -LRB- or `` Gipsies '' -RRB- , which some people consider pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity . They are a dispersed people , but their most concentrated populations are located in Europe , especially Central , Eastern and Southern Europe -LRB- including Turkey , Spain and Southern France -RRB- . The Romani originated in Northern India and arrived in Mid-West Asia , and Europe soon thereafter , around 1,000 years ago , either separating from the Dom people or , at least , having a similar history . Specifically , the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the sixth and eleventh century . Since the 19th century , some Romani have also migrated to the Americas . There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States ; and 800,000 in Brazil , most of whose ancestors emigrated in the nineteenth century from eastern Europe . Brazil also includes some Romani descended from people deported by the government of Portugal during the Inquisition in the colonial era . In migrations since the late nineteenth century , Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada . In February 2016 , during the International Roma Conference , the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India . The conference ended with a recommendation to the Government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora . The Romani language is divided into several dialects , which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million . The total number of Romani people is at least twice as large -LRB- several times as large according to high estimates -RRB- . Many Romani are native speakers of the language current in their country of residence , or of mixed languages combining the two ; those varieties are sometimes called Para-Romani . ", "The Roma people have a number of distinct populations , the largest being the Roma and the Iberian Calé or Caló , who reached Anatolia and the Balkans about the early 12th century , from a migration out of northwestern India beginning about 600 years earlier . They settled in present-day Turkey , Greece , Serbia , Romania , Moldova , Bulgaria , Macedonia , Hungary and Slovakia , by order of volume , and Spain . From the Balkans , they migrated throughout Europe and , in the nineteenth and later centuries , to the Americas . The Romani population in the United States is estimated at more than one million . There is no official or reliable count of the Romani populations worldwide . Many Romani refuse to register their ethnic identity in official censuses for fear of discrimination . Others are descendants of intermarriage with local populations and no longer identify only as Romani , or not at all . As of the early 2000s , an estimated 4 to 9 million Romani people lived in Europe and Asia Minor . although some Romani organizations estimate numbers as high as 14 million . Significant Romani populations are found in the Balkan peninsula , in some Central European states , in Spain , France , Russia , and Ukraine . The total number of Romani living outside Europe are primarily in the Middle East and North Africa and in the Americas , and are estimated in total at more than two million . Some countries do not collect data by ethnicity . The Romani people identify as distinct ethnicities based in part on territorial , cultural and dialectal differences , and self-designation . The main branches are : Roma , concentrated in Central and Eastern Europe and Italy , they emigrated -LRB- mostly from the 19th century onwards -RRB- to the rest of Europe , as well as the Americas ; Iberian Kale , mostly in Spain -LRB- see Romani people in Spain -RRB- , but also in Portugal -LRB- see Romani people in Portugal -RRB- , Southern France and Latin America ; Finnish Kale , in Finland , emigrated also in Sweden ; Welsh Kale , in Wales and the British Isles ; Romanichal , in the United Kingdom , some emigrated also to the United States , Canada and Australia ; Sinti , in German-speaking areas of Europe and some neighboring countries ; Manush , in French-speaking areas of Europe -LRB- in French : Manouche -RRB- ; and Romanisæl , in Norway and Sweden . The Romani have additional internal distinctions , with groups identified as Bashaldé ; Churari ; Luri ; Ungaritza ; Lovari -LRB- Lovara -RRB- from Hungary ; Machvaya -LRB- Machavaya , Machwaya , or Macwaia -RRB- from Serbia ; Romungro from Hungary and neighbouring Carpathian countries ; Erlides -LRB- also Yerlii or Arli -RRB- ; Xoraxai -LRB- Horahane -RRB- from Greece/Turkey ; Boyash -LRB- Lingurari , Ludar , Ludari , Rudari , or Zlătari -RRB- from Romanian/Moldovan miners ; Ursari from Romanian/Moldovan bear-trainers ; Argintari from silversmiths ; Aurari from goldsmiths ; Florari from florists ; and Lăutari from singers . ", "The Romani people of Greece are called Arlije/Erlides , Tsiganoi or the more derogatory term Gyftoi -LRB- Gypsies -RRB- . The number of Roma in Greece is currently estimated to be between 200,000 and 300,000 people . ", "According to the last census from 2002 , there were 53 879 people counted as Romani in the Republic of Macedonia '' ' , or 2.66 % of the population . Another 3 843 people have been counted as `` Egyptians '' -LRB- 0.2 % -RRB- . Altogether , 2.85 % Romani and Egyptians have been registered in Macedonia . Other sources claim the number to be between 80 000 and 260 000 Roma in Macedonia or approximately 4 to 12 % of the total population . The municipality of Šuto Orizari is the only municipality in the world with a Romani majority and the only municipality where Romani is an official language . Due to the demographics , both Romani and Macedonian are official in Šuto Orizari , the municipality being officially bilingual . The mayor of the municipality , Elvis Bajram , is an ethnic Roma . In 2009 , the Government of the Republic of Macedonia took measures to enlarge inclusion of Romani in the education process . The Republic of Macedonia is the region 's leader in respecting the rights of the Romani people . It is the first country in the region with a minister of Romani ethnicity and also has a lot of Romani in high government positions . However , there is still a lot to be done concerning the education and integration of the Romani . ", "Giuseppe Romani -LRB- c. 1654 -- 1718 -RRB- was an Italian painter of the Baroque era . There are very few information available about the life of this artist born in Como , Italy , although many paintings of his still survive . It is not certain if Romani can be identified with the `` Joseph Romani '' , an Italian artist active in Madrid , described by Antonio Palomino in his An account of the lives and works of the most eminent Spanish painters , sculptors and architects . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Fort_Stanwix", "Siege_of_Fort_Stanwix", "Battle_of_Darsūniškis", "Siege_of_Louisbourg", "Siege_of_Humaitá" ]

[ "Fort Stanwix was a colonial fort whose construction commenced on August 26 , 1758 , under the direction of British General John Stanwix , at the location of present-day Rome , New York , but was not completed until about 1762 . The star fort was built to guard a portage known as the Oneida Carrying Place during the French and Indian War . Fort Stanwix National Monument , a reconstructed structure built by the National Park Service , now occupies the site . ", "The Siege of Fort Stanwix -LRB- also known at the time as Fort Schuyler -RRB- began on August 2 , 1777 , and ended August 22 . Fort Stanwix , in the western part of the Mohawk River Valley , was then the primary defense point for the Continental Army against British and Indian forces aligned against them in the American Revolutionary War . The fort was occupied by Continental Army forces from New York and Massachusetts under the command of Colonel Peter Gansevoort . The besieging force was composed of British regulars , American Loyalists , Hessian soldiers from Hesse-Hanau , and Indians , under the command of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger and the Iroquois leader Joseph Brant . St. Leger 's expedition was a diversion in support of General John Burgoyne 's campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley to the east . One attempt at relief was thwarted early in the siege when a force of New York militia under Nicholas Herkimer was stopped in the August 6 Battle of Oriskany by a detachment of St. Leger 's forces . While that battle did not involve the fort 's garrison , some of its occupants sortied and raided the nearly empty Indian and Loyalist camps , which was a blow to the morale of St. Leger 's Indian support . They killed some Seneca . The siege was finally broken when American reinforcements under the command of Benedict Arnold neared , and Arnold used a ruse , with the assistance of Herkimer 's relative Hon Yost Schuyler , to convince the besiegers that a much larger force was arriving . This misinformation , combined with the departure of Indian fighters not interested in siege warfare and upset over their losses from the raids , led St. Leger to abandon the effort and retreat . St. Leger 's failure to advance on Albany contributed to Burgoyne 's surrender following the Battles of Saratoga in October 1777 . Although St. Leger reached Fort Ticonderoga in late September , he was too late to aid Burgoyne . The first official US flag was flown during battle on August 3 , 1777 , at Fort Schuyler . The Continental Congress adopted the following resolution on June 14 , 1777 : `` Resolved , that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes , alternate red and white ; that the union be thirteen stars , white , on a blue field , representing a new constellation . '' There was a delay in displaying this flag . The resolution was not signed by the secretary of the Congress until September 3 , though it was previously printed in the newspapers . Massachusetts reinforcements to Fort Schuyler brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag . Soldiers cut up their shirts to make the white stripes ; scarlet material was secured from red flannel petticoats of officers ' wives , while material for the blue union was secured from Capt. Abraham Swartwout 's blue cloth coat . A voucher shows that Congress paid Capt. Swartwout for his coat for the flag . ", "The Battle of Darsūniškis took place on March 24 , 1702 near the town of Darsūniškis -LRB- Polish : Dorsuniszki -RRB- during the Swedish invasion of Poland in the Great Northern War . The Swedish army of about 240 men under the command of Alexander Hummerhielm was defeated by the Polish -- Saxon army of 6,000 men under Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki . ", "Siege of Louisbourg may refer to : Siege of Louisbourg -LRB- 1745 -RRB- , the capture of the settlement by British forces during the War of the Austrian Succession Siege of Louisbourg -LRB- 1758 -RRB- , the capture of the settlement by British forces during the Seven Years ' War , after which it was permanently ceded to the British ", "The Siege of Humaitá -LRB- Cerco de Humaitá -RRB- was a prolonged operation of encirclement that occurred at the Fortress of Humaitá , on the Paraguay River . Humaitá was surrounded by land on November 2 , 1867 , by water on February 19 , 1868 , and surrendered on July 25 , 1868 . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Near-Earth_object", "Astronomical_object", "Rigid_body", "Undead", "-LRB-66391-RRB-_1999_KW4" ]

[ "A near-Earth object -LRB- NEO -RRB- is any small Solar System body whose orbit brings it into proximity with Earth . By definition , a solar system body is a NEO if its closest approach to the Sun -LRB- perihelion -RRB- is less than 1.3 astronomical unit -LRB- AU -RRB- . NEOs include more than fourteen thousand near-Earth asteroids -LRB- NEAs -RRB- , more than one hundred near-Earth comets -LRB- NECs -RRB- , and a number of solar-orbiting spacecraft and meteoroids , large enough to be tracked in space before striking the Earth . It is now widely accepted that collisions in the past have had a significant role in shaping the geological and biological history of the Earth . NEOs have become of increased interest since the 1980s because of increased awareness of the potential danger some of the asteroids or comets pose , and mitigations are being researched . In January 2016 , NASA announced the Planetary Defense Coordination Office to track NEOs larger than 30 to 50 meters in diameter and coordinate an effective threat response and mitigation effort . NEAs have orbits that lie partly between 0.983 and 1.3 AU away from the Sun . When a NEA is detected it is submitted to the IAU 's Minor Planet Center for cataloging . Some NEAs orbits intersect that of Earth 's so they pose a collision danger . The United States , European Union , and other nations are currently scanning for NEOs in an effort called Spaceguard . In the United States and since 1998 , NASA has a congressional mandate to catalogue all NEOs that are at least 1 kilometer wide , as the impact of such an object would be globally catastrophic . In 2006 , it was estimated that 20 % of the mandated objects had not yet been found . In 2011 , largely as a result of NEOWISE , it was estimated that 93 % of the NEAs larger than 1 km had been found and that only about 70 remained to be discovered . , there have been 875 NEAs larger than 1 km discovered , of which 157 are potentially hazardous . The inventory is much less complete for smaller objects , which still have potential for large scale , though not global , damage . Potentially hazardous objects -LRB- PHOs -RRB- are currently defined based on parameters that measure the object 's potential to make threatening close approaches to the Earth . Mostly objects with an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance -LRB- MOID -RRB- of 0.05 AU or less and an absolute magnitude -LRB- H -RRB- of 22.0 or brighter -LRB- a rough indicator of large size -RRB- are considered PHOs . Objects that can not approach closer to the Earth -LRB- i.e. MOID -RRB- than 0.05 AU , or are smaller than about 150 m -LRB- 500 ft -RRB- in diameter -LRB- i.e. H = 22.0 with assumed albedo of 13 % -RRB- , are not considered PHOs . NASA 's catalog for near-Earth objects also includes the approach distances of asteroids and comets measured in lunar distances , and this usage has become a common unit of measure used by the news media in discussing these objects . Some NEOs are of special interest because they can be physically explored with lower mission velocity than for even the Moon , due to their combination of low velocity with respect to Earth -LRB- ΔV -RRB- and weak gravity , so they may present interesting scientific opportunities both for direct geochemical and astronomical investigation , and as potentially economical sources of extraterrestrial materials for human exploitation . This makes them an attractive target for exploration . As of 2016 , three near-Earth objects have been visited by spacecraft . ", "An astronomical object or celestial object is a naturally occurring physical entity , association , or structure that current astronomy has demonstrated to exist in the observable universe . In astronomy , the terms `` object '' and `` body '' are often used interchangeably . However , an astronomical body or celestial body refers to a single , tightly bound contiguous entity , while an astronomical or celestial object refers to a complex , less cohesively bound structure , that may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures . Examples for astronomical objects include planetary systems , star clusters , nebulae and galaxies , while asteroids , moons , planets , and stars are astronomical bodies . A comet may be identified as both body and object : It is a body when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust , and an object when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail . ", "In physics , a rigid body is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected . The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces exerted on it . A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass . In the study of special relativity , a perfectly rigid body does not exist ; and objects can only be assumed to be rigid if they are not moving near the speed of light . In quantum mechanics a rigid body is usually thought of as a collection of point masses . For instance , in quantum mechanics molecules -LRB- consisting of the point masses : electrons and nuclei -RRB- are often seen as rigid bodies -LRB- see classification of molecules as rigid rotors -RRB- . ", "The undead are beings in mythology , legend , or fiction that are deceased but behave as if alive . A common example of an undead being is a corpse re-animated by supernatural forces , by the application of the deceased 's own life force , or that of another being -LRB- such as a demon -RRB- . The undead may be incorporeal like ghosts , or corporeal like vampires and zombies . The undead are featured in the belief systems of most cultures , and appear in many works of fantasy and horror fiction . The term is also occasionally used for putative non-supernatural cases of re-animation , from early experiments like Robert E. Cornish 's to future sciences such as cryonics and chemical brain preservation . Bram Stoker considered using the title The Un-Dead for his novel Dracula -LRB- 1897 -RRB- , and use of the term in the novel is mostly responsible for the modern sense of the word . The word does appear in English before Stoker but with the more literal sense of `` alive '' or `` not dead '' , for which citations can be found in the Oxford English Dictionary . In one passage , nosferatu is given as an `` Eastern European '' synonym for `` un-dead '' . Stoker 's use of the term refers only to vampires , and the extension to other types of supernatural beings arose later . Most commonly , it is now taken to refer to supernatural beings which had at one time been alive and continue to display some aspects of life after death , but the usage is highly variable . ", ", provisional designation , is a binary asteroid , classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Aten group , approximately 1.3 kilometers in diameter . It was discovered on 20 May 1999 , by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research -LRB- LINEAR -RRB- at the Lincoln Laboratory 's Experimental Test Site in Socorro , New Mexico , United States . It is also a Mercury-crosser . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Scream_-LRB-1996_film-RRB-", "Scream_-LRB-franchise-RRB-", "Brad_Dourif", "Scream_2", "John_Karna" ]

[ "Scream is a 1996 American slasher film written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Wes Craven . The film stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Matthew Lillard , Rose McGowan , Skeet Ulrich , and Drew Barrymore . Released on December 20 , 1996 , Scream follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro , California , who becomes the target of a mysterious killer known as Ghostface . The film combined black comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clichés of the horror film genre popularized in films such as Halloween and Friday the 13th . The film was considered unique at the time of its release for featuring characters who were aware of real world horror films and openly discussed the clichés that Scream attempted to subvert . Based partly on the real life case of the Gainesville Ripper , Scream was inspired by Williamson 's passion for horror films , especially Halloween -LRB- 1978 -RRB- . The script , originally titled Scary Movie , was bought by Dimension Films and was retitled by the Weinstein Brothers just before filming was complete . The production faced censorship issues with the Motion Picture Association of America and obstacles from locals while filming on location . The film went on to financial and critical acclaim , earning $ 173 million worldwide , and became the highest-grossing slasher film in the US in unadjusted dollars . It received several awards and award nominations . The soundtrack by Marco Beltrami was also acclaimed , and was cited as '' -LSB- one -RSB- of the most intriguing horror scores composed in years . '' It has since earned `` cult status . '' Scream marked a change in the genre as it cast already-established and successful actors , which was considered to have helped it find a wider audience , including a significant female viewership . Scream was credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the 1990s , which was considered to be almost dead following an influx of direct-to-video titles and numerous sequels to established horror franchises of the 1970s and 1980s . These sequels drew decreasing financial and critical success , as they exploited clichés upon which films in the genre had become reliant . Screams success spawned a series of sequels , though only Scream 2 , released in 1997 , achieved a level of commercial and critical success equal to the original film . In the years following the release of Scream , the film was accused of inspiring and even inducing violent crimes and murders . ", "Scream is an American horror franchise created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven . Starring Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , and David Arquette , the film series grossed over $ 604 million in worldwide box-office receipts and consists of four motion pictures directed by Craven . The first series entry , Scream , was released on December 20 , 1996 and is currently the highest-grossing slasher film in the United States . The second entry Scream 2 was released on December 12 , 1997 followed by a third installment , Scream 3 , released February 4 , 2000 . Eleven years after the previous film , Scream 4 was released on April 15 , 2011 . The films follow Sidney Prescott , and her war against a succession of murderers who adopt the guise of Ghostface to stalk and torment their victims . Sidney receives support in the films from town deputy Dewey Riley , reporter Gale Weathers , and film-geek Randy Meeks . A tv spin off of the series was released by MTV on June 30 , 2015 . The series follows different characters and new storylines , not connected to the film series . Williamson 's original script was bought by Miramax and developed under the Dimension Films label by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , who recruited Craven to direct , who in turn recruited composer Marco Beltrami to score the film . This team went on to be involved in each film in the series though Williamson was forced to take a smaller role for Scream 3 , writing only a brief plot outline due to his commitments to other projects , with Ehren Kruger replacing him as screenwriter . The series ' violence resulted in conflicts with the Motion Picture Association of America and news media concerning censorship resulting in a reduction of violence and gore in Scream 3 when the Columbine High School massacre brought increased focus on the media 's influence on society . Scream became notable for its use of established and recognizable actors which was uncommon for horror films at the time , yet has since become common in part due to Scream 's success . The series , particularly the first two films , has received significant critical acclaim . Scream has been credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the late 90s by combining a traditional slasher film with humor , awareness of horror film cliché and a clever plot . Scream was one of the highest-grossing films of 1996 and became , and remains , the highest grossing slasher film in the world . Its success was matched by Scream 2 which not only broke box-office records of the time , but was also argued by some critics to actually be superior to the original . Scream 3 fared worse than its predecessors , both critically and financially , with critics commenting that it had become the type of horror film it originally parodied in Scream . It did , however , receive some positive response , with claims that it was the perfect end to the trilogy . The film series has been the recipient of several awards including a Saturn Award for Best Actress and MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance for Campbell and Best Horror Film for Scream . ", "Bradford Claude `` Brad '' Dourif -LRB- -LSB- ˈdɔːrᵻf -RSB- born March 18 , 1950 -RRB- is an American stage , film , and voice actor , best known for playing Billy Bibbit in One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest -LRB- which won him a Golden Globe Award and BAFTA Award , as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor -RRB- , Chucky in the Chucky franchise , Gríma Wormtongue in The Lord of the Rings , Deputy Clinton Pell in Mississippi Burning , Piter De Vries in Dune and Doc Cochran in Deadwood -LRB- for which he earned an Emmy Award nomination -RRB- . He also acted in Tales from the Crypt . Dourif has worked with director Werner Herzog on many occasions , appearing in Scream of Stone , The Wild Blue Yonder , Bad Lieutenant : Port of Call New Orleans , and My Son , My Son , What Have Ye Done ? . From June to September 2013 , he starred in an Off Broadway revival of Tennessee Williams ' The Two-Character Play , his first stage appearance in 29 years . ", "Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson . It stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Jamie Kennedy , Laurie Metcalf , Jerry O'Connell , Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber . The film was released on December 12 , 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series . Scream 2 takes place one year after Scream and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , now a student at the fictional Windsor College , who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of Ghostface . Sidney is accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks -LRB- Kennedy -RRB- , retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley -LRB- Arquette -RRB- and news reporter Gale Weathers -LRB- Cox -RRB- . Like its predecessor , Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery while satirizing the cliché of film sequels . The film was followed by two sequels , Scream 3 -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and Scream 4 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Williamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script , hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise . Following a successful test screening of Scream and the film 's financial and critical success , Dimension moved forward with the sequel while Scream was still in theaters , with the principal cast all returning to star , Craven to direct and Beltrami to provide music . The film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet , revealing the identity of the killers . Combined with the film 's rushed schedule , the script was rewritten often ; pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming . Despite these issues , Scream 2 earned $ 172 million , received several awards and nominations . The film also received positive reviews , with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality . Beltrami received positive critical reception for his score for evolving the musical themes of the characters created in Scream although some critics claimed that the most memorable pieces from the film were created by composers Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer . Elfman 's contribution had been specially written for the film , but Zimmer 's score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film , replacing Beltrami 's own work . The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success , reaching # 50 on the Billboard 200 . ", "John Timothy Karna -LRB- born November 18 , 1992 -RRB- is an American actor . He is known for the role of Noah Foster on the MTV horror series Scream , based on the film series of the same name . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Aestheticism", "Decadent_movement", "Déprimisme", "Spiritual_naturalism", "Xungen_movement" ]

[ "Aestheticism -LRB- also the Aesthetic Movement -RRB- is an intellectual and art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than social-political themes for literature , fine art , music and other arts . This meant that Art from this particular movement focused more on being beautiful rather than having a deeper meaning - ` Art for Art 's sake ' . It was particularly prominent in Europe during the 19th century , supported by notable figures such as Oscar Wilde , but contemporary critics are also associated with the movement , such as Harold Bloom , who has recently argued against projecting social and political ideology onto literary works , which he believes has been a growing problem in humanities departments over the last century . In the 19th century , it was related to other movements such as symbolism or decadence represented in France , or decadentismo represented in Italy , and may be considered the British version of the same style . ", "The Decadent Movement was a late 19th-century artistic and literary movement , centered in Western Europe , that followed an aesthetic ideology of excess and artificiality . The visual artist Félicien Rops 's body of work and Joris-Karl Huysmans 's novel Against Nature -LRB- 1884 -RRB- are considered the prime examples of the decadent movement . It first flourished in France and then spread throughout Europe and to the United States . The movement was characterized by self-disgust , sickness at the world , general skepticism , delighting in perversion , and employing crude humor and a belief in the superiority of human creativity over logic and the natural world . ", "Déprimisme -LRB- `` depressionism '' -RRB- is a contemporary French art and literary movement , in which authors dwell on the failures of society . The movement can be identified as a cross between expressionism and symbolism . Originally a French movement , the term has later been extended to refer to direct commentary on any contemporary , particularly western or American culture . In a general sense , `` depressionism '' is the practice of manipulating social ideas and conventions in such a way as to elicit an emotional or intellectual effect from the audience . For example , in a painting of this genre , the artist would use the actual physical texture and form of a painting to depict not only the subject matter , but the implied emotional state of the subject in his/her environment . The resulting painting is ultimately a distortion of reality intermingled with social commentary . Michel Houellebecq 's 1998 novel The Elementary Particles is considered a primary work . ", "Spiritual Naturalism , or Naturalistic Spirituality , is the umbrella term for a variety of philosophical and religious worldviews that try to synthesize mundane and spiritual ways of looking at the world . Book searches for the two find no usage for Naturalistic Spirituality before 1956 whereas Spiritual Naturalism may have first been proposed by Joris-Karl Huysmans in 1895 in his book En Route - `` In ` En Route ' Huysmans started upon the creation of what he called ` Spiritual Naturalism , ' that is , realism applied to the story of a soul . ... '' . Coming into prominence as a writer during the 1870s , Huysmans quickly established himself among a rising group of writers , the so-called Naturalist school , of whom Émile Zola was the acknowledged head ... With Là-bas -LRB- 1891 -RRB- , a novel which reflected the aesthetics of the spiritualist revival and the contemporary interest in the occult , Huysmans formulated for the first time an aesthetic theory which sought to synthesize the mundane and the transcendent : `` spiritual Naturalism '' . Long before the term Spiritual Naturalism was coined by Huysmans there is evidence of the value system of Spiritual Naturalism in the Stoics . `` Virtue consists in a will that is in agreement with Nature '' . ", "The xungen movement is a cultural and literary movement in mainland China emphasizing local and minority cultures . It began in the late 1980s . Its premise is that the Cultural Revolution damaged a pluralistic Chinese identity that had existed for centuries , and that the reconstruction of that identity requires a healthy appreciation of local cultures . Category : Literary movements Category : Chinese literary schools and movements Category :1980 s establishments in China " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ovary", "Ovarian_artery", "Ovarian_branch_of_uterine_artery", "Medullosales", "Agnorhiza_ovata" ]

[ "The ovary -LRB- From ovarium , literally `` egg '' or `` nut '' -RRB- is an ovum-producing reproductive organ , found in pairs in the female as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system . Birds have only one functional ovary -LRB- the left -RRB- , while the other remains vestigial . Ovaries in females are analogous to testes in males , in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands . Although ovaries occur in a wide variety of animals , both vertebrate and invertebrate , this article is primarily about human ovaries . ", "The ovarian artery is an artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary in females . It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery . It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary , anterior to the ovarian vein and ureter . ", "The ovarian branch of uterine artery is an artery anastomosing with the ovarian artery . Category : Arteries of the abdomen ", "The Medullosales is an order of pteridospermous seed plants characterised by large ovules with circular cross-section , with a vascularised nucellus , complex pollen-organs , stems and rachides with a dissected stele , and frond-like leaves . Their nearest still-living relatives are the cycads . Most medullosaleans were small to medium-sized trees . The largest were probably the trees with Alethopteris fronds - these fronds could be at least 7 metres long and the trees were perhaps up to 10 metres tall . Especially in Moscovian times , many medullosaleans were rather smaller trees with fronds only about 2 metres long , and apparently growing in dense , mutually supporting stands . During Kasimovian and Gzhelian times there were also non-arboreal forms with smaller fronds -LRB- e.g. Odontopteris -RRB- that were probably scrambling or possibly climbing plants . ", "Agnorhiza ovata -LRB- syn . Wyethia ovata -RRB- is a species of flowering plant known by the common name southern mule 's ears . It is native to the mountains and foothills of southern California and Baja California , occurring the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada foothills in Tulare , Kern , Ventura , Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , and San Diego counties in California , with additional populations in the Peninsular Ranges south of the international border . Agnorhiza ovata grows in many types of habitat , including forests , woodlands , and grassland . It is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot and caudex unit . The hairy , glandular , sticky-textured stem grows a few centimeters tall to nearly half a meter in maximum height . The leaves have oval blades up to 20 centimeters long which are generally hairy or silky and glandular . The inflorescence is made up of one or more flower heads which may be tucked amongst the uppermost leaves . The head has lance-shaped leaflike phyllaries which may be up to 5 centimeters long . There are 5 to 8 yellow ray florets which measure about 1.5 centimeters in length , and many yellow disc florets in the center . The fruit is an achene about a centimeter long tipped with a short pappus . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks_-LRB-film-RRB-", "A_Chipmunk_Reunion", "We're_the_Chipmunks_-LRB-Music_from_the_TV_Show-RRB-", "Ross_Bagdasarian_Jr.", "Twinkle,_Twinkle,_Little_Star_-LRB-Pinkney_book-RRB-" ]

[ "Alvin and the Chipmunks is a 2007 American live-action/computer animated musical family comedy film directed by Tim Hill . Based on the characters of the same name created by Ross Bagdasarian , Sr. , the film stars Jason Lee , David Cross , and Cameron Richardson with the voices of Justin Long , Matthew Gray Gubler and Jesse McCartney . It was released worldwide on December 14 , 2007 by 20th Century Fox and produced by Fox 2000 Pictures , Regency Enterprises and Bagdasarian Company . Alvin and the Chipmunks grossed $ 217 million in North America and $ 361 million at the box office worldwide on a budget of $ 60 million and was the seventh-best-selling DVD of 2008 , earning over $ 101 million . The first film in the film series , Alvin and the Chipmunks was followed by three sequels : Alvin and the Chipmunks : The Squeakquel , released on December 23 , 2009 , Alvin and the Chipmunks : Chipwrecked , released on December 16 , 2011 and Alvin and the Chipmunks : The Road Chip , released on December 18 , 2015 . ", "A Chipmunk Reunion is a 1985 animated special produced by Bagdasarian Productions , in association with Ruby-Spears Enterprises , and is spun off of NBC 's popular animated series , Alvin & the Chipmunks , starring The Chipmunks and The Chipettes . The special originally aired on NBC on Saturday April 13 , 1985 , as a primetime special , in between seasons two and three of the series . When the series went into syndication in the fall of 1988 , this special was included in the syndication package as a regular episode . ", "We 're the Chipmunks -LRB- Music from the TV Show -RRB- is the licensed soundtrack based on the Chipmunks 2015 television series ALVINNN !!! and the Chipmunks . It was released as a digital download on September 25 , 2015 by Rhino Entertainment . A CD version was released on October 16 , 2015 . The entire album was written and produced by Ross Bagdasarian Jr. and Janice Karman . As of 2017 , the digital version is no longer available for purchase or streaming . The reason for this is currently unknown . However , CD copies of the album can still be purchased . ", "Ross Dickran Bagdasarian Jr. is an American filmmaker and musician , best known for his work on the Alvin and the Chipmunks franchise . He is the son of the franchise 's creator , Ross Bagdasarian Sr. . ", "Twinkle , Twinkle , Little Star is a 2011 Children 's picture book of Jane Taylor 's classic nursery rhyme adapted and illustrated by Jerry Pinkney . It is about a chipmunk that travels to the moon . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "Toy_Story_2", "The_Incredibles_2", "A_Christmas_Carol_-LRB-2009_film-RRB-", "Cars_3", "Cars_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Toy Story 2 is a 1999 American computer-animated comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . Directed by John Lasseter and co-directed by Lee Unkrich and Ash Brannon , it is the sequel to the 1995 film Toy Story . In the film , Woody is stolen by a toy collector , prompting Buzz Lightyear and his friends to vow to rescue him , but Woody is then tempted by the idea of immortality in a museum . Many of the original characters and voices from Toy Story return for this sequel , and several new characters -- including Jessie -LRB- voiced by Joan Cusack -RRB- , Barbie -LRB- voiced by Jodi Benson -RRB- , Stinky Pete -LRB- voiced by Kelsey Grammer -RRB- and Mrs. Potato Head -LRB- voiced by Estelle Harris -RRB- -- are introduced . It was the last Toy Story film that starred Jim Varney as Slinky Dog before his death in 2000 . Disney initially envisioned the film as a direct-to-video sequel . Toy Story 2 began production in a building separated from Pixar , on a small scale , as most of the main Pixar staff were busy working on A Bug 's Life -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . When story reels proved promising , Disney upgraded the film to theatrical release , but Pixar was unhappy with the film 's quality . Lasseter and the story team redeveloped the entire plot in one weekend . Although most Pixar features take years to develop , the established release date could not be moved and the production schedule for Toy Story 2 was compressed into nine months . Despite production struggles , Toy Story 2 opened in November 1999 to wildly successful box office numbers , eventually grossing over $ 497 million , and received universal acclaim from critics . Toy Story 2 has been considered by critics to be one of few sequel films to outshine the original , and it continues to be featured frequently on lists of the greatest animated films ever made . The film has seen multiple home media releases and a theatrical 3-D re-release in 2009 , 10 years after its initial release . Toy Story 3 was released in 2010 , which was also critically and commercially successful . ", "The Incredibles 2 is an upcoming 2018 American 3D computer-animated superhero film , and is the sequel to The Incredibles -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . It is in production by Pixar Animation Studios , and will be released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is being written and directed by Brad Bird , the writer and director of the first film . The movie is scheduled to be released on June 15 , 2018 and will be given an IMAX release . ", "Disney 's A Christmas Carol is a 2009 American 3D computer animated motion-capture fantasy film written and directed by Robert Zemeckis . It is an adaptation of the Charles Dickens story of the same name and stars Jim Carrey in a multitude of roles , including Ebenezer Scrooge as a young , middle-aged , and old man , and the three ghosts who haunt Scrooge . The film also features supporting roles done by Gary Oldman , Colin Firth , Bob Hoskins , Robin Wright Penn , and Cary Elwes . The film received mixed reviews from American film critics , who praised its visuals and the performances of Carrey and Oldman but criticized its dark tone . It was a decent financial success , earning $ 325.3 million on a $ 175 -- 200 million budget . The 3D film was produced through the process of motion capture , a technique Zemeckis previously used in his films The Polar Express -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and Beowulf -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . A Christmas Carol began filming in February 2008 and was released on November 3 , 2009 , by Walt Disney Pictures . It received its world premiere in London , coinciding with the switching on of the annual Oxford Street and Regent Street Christmas lights , which in 2009 had a Dickens theme . The film was released in Disney Digital 3-D and IMAX 3-D . It is also Disney 's third film retelling of A Christmas Carol following 1983 's Mickey 's Christmas Carol and 1992 's The Muppet Christmas Carol . ", "Cars 3 is an upcoming 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and scheduled to be released on June 16 , 2017 by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the eighteenth Pixar film , the third installment in the Cars franchise , a sequel to Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and a threequel to Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . It is being directed by Brian Fee , a storyboard artist on Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . It will be the first film he has directed . ", "Cars is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . Directed and co-written by John Lasseter , it is Pixar 's final independently-produced motion picture before its purchase by Disney in May 2006 . Set in a world populated entirely by anthropomorphic cars and other vehicles , the film stars the voices of Owen Wilson , Paul Newman -LRB- in his final acting role -RRB- , Bonnie Hunt , Larry the Cable Guy , Tony Shalhoub , Cheech Marin , Michael Wallis , George Carlin , Paul Dooley , Jenifer Lewis , Guido Quaroni , Michael Keaton , Katherine Helmond and John Ratzenberger . Race car drivers Dale Earnhardt , Jr. , Mario Andretti , Michael Schumacher and car enthusiast Jay Leno -LRB- as `` Jay Limo '' -RRB- voice themselves . Cars premiered on May 26 , 2006 at Lowe 's Motor Speedway in Concord , North Carolina , and was theatrically released on June 9 , 2006 to mostly positive reviews from critics . It was nominated for two Academy Awards including Best Animated Feature , and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film . The film was released on DVD on November 7 , 2006 and on Blu-ray in 2007 . The film was accompanied by the short One Man Band for its theatrical and home media releases . Merchandise based on the film -LRB- including scale models of several of the cars -RRB- broke records for retail sales of merchandise based on a Disney/Pixar film , bringing an estimated $ 10 billion for 5 years after the film 's release . The film was dedicated to Joe Ranft , who was killed in a car accident during the film 's production . A sequel , titled Cars 2 , was released on June 24 , 2011 , and a spin-off film titled Planes , produced by DisneyToon Studios , was released on August 9 , 2013 , which was followed by its own sequel , Planes : Fire & Rescue , released on July 18 , 2014 . A series of short animated films titled Cars Toons debuted in 2008 on Disney Channel and Disney XD . A second sequel , Cars 3 , is scheduled for release on June 16 , 2017 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Talulah_Riley", "Kim_Hamilton", "Jennifer_Lawrence", "Connie_Needham", "List_of_Neighbours_characters_-LRB-2005-RRB-" ]

[ "Talulah Jane Riley-Milburn -LRB- born 26 September 1985 -RRB- , known professionally as Talulah Riley , is an English actress . She has appeared in films such as Pride & Prejudice , St Trinian 's , The Boat That Rocked , St. Trinian 's 2 : The Legend of Fritton 's Gold and Inception . ", "Kim Hamilton -LRB- born Dorothy Mae Aiken ; September 12 , 1932 -- September 16 , 2013 -RRB- was an American film and television actress , whose career spanned from the 1950s to the 2010s . Her early film credits included the 1959 film noir Odds Against Tomorrow opposite Harry Belafonte and The Leech Woman in 1960 . Hamilton was one of the first African-American actors to appear on the soap opera Days of Our Lives and was the only African-American to appear in a speaking role on Leave It to Beaver . Hamilton portrayed , in an uncredited role , Helen Robinson in the 1962 film adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird , based on Harper Lee 's novel of the same name . She was the film 's last surviving African-American adult cast member with a speaking role . ", "Jennifer Shrader Lawrence -LRB- born August 15 , 1990 -RRB- is an American actress . Since 2015 , Lawrence has been the highest-paid actress in the world , and her films have grossed over $ 5.5 billion worldwide . She appeared in Time 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and Forbes Celebrity 100 the following year and in 2016 . During her childhood , Lawrence performed in church plays and school musicals . When she was 14 , a talent scout spotted her in New York . She then moved to Los Angeles and began her acting career by playing guest roles in television shows . Her first major role came as a main cast member on the sitcom The Bill Engvall Show -LRB- 2007 -- 2009 -RRB- . Lawrence made her film debut with a supporting role in Garden Party -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and had her breakthrough playing a poverty-stricken teenager in the independent drama Winter 's Bone -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . She achieved wider recognition for playing the mutant Mystique in X-Men : First Class -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , a role she reprised in later installments of the series . Lawrence 's fame continued to grow with her starring role as Katniss Everdeen in the Hunger Games film series -LRB- 2012 -- 2015 -RRB- , which established her as the highest-grossing action heroine of all time . She went on to earn various accolades from her collaborations with director David O. Russell . Her performance as a depressed widow in the romance film Silver Linings Playbook -LRB- 2012 -RRB- received an Academy Award for Best Actress , making her the second youngest Best Actress Oscar winner . Lawrence subsequently won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for playing a troubled wife in the black comedy American Hustle -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . She also received Golden Globe Awards for her roles in both of these films and for playing the eponymous inventor in the biopic Joy -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Lawrence is known in the media for being a vocal advocate of feminism and gender equality , and is the founder of the Jennifer Lawrence Foundation through which she supports various charitable organizations . ", "Connie Needham -LRB- born December 5 , 1959 -RRB- is an American actress and dance instructor . As Connie Newton , she portrayed Elizabeth Bradford on the television series Eight is Enough from 1977 to 1981 . ", "The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the Australian soap opera Neighbours in 2005 , by order of first appearance . They were all introduced by the show 's executive producer Ric Pellizzeri . The 21st season of Neighbours began airing on 10 January 2005 . Four members of the Timmins family were introduced across the year , beginning with Dylan Timmins in February . His sisters Janae and Bree followed in April and their father began appearing from October . Genevieve Doyle , a love interest for Toadfish Rebecchi , made her first appearance in March . Linda Hartley-Clark returned to the show in April as new character Gabrielle Walker and Max and Izzy Hoyland 's father Bobby made his debut in May . Former Australian Idol contestant , Daniel O'Connor , joined the cast as Ned Parker in August , along with three members of the Kinski family . Paul Robinson 's youngest daughter , Elle began appearing from September and the final member of the Kinski family , Katya , arrived in December . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "List_of_companies_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda", "Antigua", "Antigua_and_Barbuda", "All_Saints,_Antigua_and_Barbuda", "Index_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda-related_articles" ]

[ "Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island country in the Americas , lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . It consists of two major inhabited islands , Antigua and Barbuda , and a number of smaller islands -LRB- including Great Bird , Green , Guinea , Long , Maiden and York Islands and further south , the island of Redonda -RRB- . The permanent population numbers about 81,800 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- and the capital and largest port and city is St. John 's , on Antigua . Tourism dominates the economy , accounting for more than half of the Gross Domestic Product -LRB- GDP -RRB- . Antigua is famous for its many luxury resorts . Investment banking and financial services also make up an important part of the economy . ", "Antigua -LRB- -LSB- ænˈtiːɡə -RSB- -RRB- , also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population , is an island in the West Indies . It is one of the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region and the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda . Antigua and Barbuda became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations on 1 November 1981 . Antigua means `` ancient '' in Spanish after an icon in Seville Cathedral , `` Santa Maria de la Antigua '' -- St. Mary of the Old Cathedral . The name Waladli comes from the indigenous inhabitants and means approximately `` our own '' . The island 's circumference is roughly 87 km and its area 281 km2 . Its population was 80,161 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- . The economy is mainly reliant on tourism , with the agricultural sector serving the domestic market . Over 32,000 people live in the capital city , St. John 's , at . The capital is situated in the north-west and has a deep harbour which is able to accommodate large cruise ships . Other leading population settlements are All Saints -LRB- 3,412 -RRB- and Liberta -LRB- 2,239 -RRB- , according to the 2001 census . English Harbour on the south-eastern coast is famed for its protected shelter during violent storms . It is the site of a restored British colonial naval station called `` Nelson 's Dockyard '' after Captain Horatio Nelson . Today English Harbour and the neighbouring village of Falmouth are internationally famous as a yachting and sailing destination and provisioning centre . During Antigua Sailing Week , at the end of April and beginning of May , the annual world-class regatta brings many sailing vessels and sailors to the island to play sports . ", "Antigua and Barbuda -LRB- -LSB- ænˈtiːɡə_ənd_bɑːrˈbjuːdə -RSB- ;-RRB- is a twin-island country in the Americas , lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . It consists of two major inhabited islands , Antigua and Barbuda , and a number of smaller islands -LRB- including Great Bird , Green , Guinea , Long , Maiden and York Islands and further south , the island of Redonda -RRB- . The permanent population numbers about 81,800 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- and the capital and largest port and city is St. John 's , on Antigua . Separated by a few nautical miles , Antigua and Barbuda are in the middle of the Leeward Islands , part of the Lesser Antilles , roughly at 17 ° N of the equator . The country 's name was given by Christopher Columbus in 1493 after discovering the island , in honor of the Virgin of La Antigua in the Seville Cathedral . The country is nicknamed `` Land of 365 Beaches '' due to the many beaches surrounding the islands . Its governance , language , and culture have all been strongly influenced by the British Empire , of which the country was formerly a part . ", "All Saints is the second largest town in Antigua and Barbuda , with a population of 3,412 . It is located in the middle of Antigua , at . Just 5 miles SE of here is the capital , St. John 's . Within the vicinity of the town is Betty 's Hope , the first large-scale sugarcane plantation in Antigua . Betty 's Hope was built in 1674 by Sir Christopher Codrington , the namesake of Codrington , and was named for his daughter , Elizabeth Codrington . The only remaining structures are two stone sugar mills and the remains of the stillhouse , though its important role in Antigua 's history has inspired its government to turn it into an open-air museum . The area around All Saints is known for its traditional pottery . Potter 's Village , a nearby settlement , is named after it . ", "The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to the nation of Antigua and Barbuda . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "On_My_Way", "The_Other_Side_of_the_Sun", "The_Blind_Side-COLON-_Evolution_of_a_Game", "The_Other_Side_-LRB-2011_film-RRB-", "The_Other_Side_of_Me_-LRB-Andy_Williams_album-RRB-" ]

[ "On My Way may refer to : ", "The Other Side of the Sun is a compilation of eight short children 's stories written by Evelyn Sharp . The short stories in this book are : The Weird Witch of the Willow-Herb The Magician 's Tea-Party The Hundredth Princess Somebody Else 's Prince The Tears of Princess Prunella The Palace on the Floor The Lady Daffodilia The Kite That Went to the Moon ", "The Blind Side : Evolution of a Game is a book by Michael Lewis released in 2006 by W. W. Norton & Company . It focuses on American football . ", "The Other Side is a 2011 comedy-drama film . The film is the directorial debut of writer David Michaels , who co-wrote the script with Phil Reeves . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Giovanni Ribisi , Dave Matthews , Anjelica Huston and Jason Lee . ", "The Other Side of Me is an album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released in the summer of 1975 by Columbia Records . Although it did not make it onto Billboard magazine 's Top LP 's & Tapes chart in the US , it did spend one week on the UK album chart in October 1975 at number 60 . The UK version of the album included one additional track , `` Love Said Goodbye '' which had entered Billboard '' 's list of the 40 most popular Easy Listening songs of the week in the US in the issue dated January 11 , 1975 , and reached number 24 over the course of seven weeks . The first song released from the US version of the album was `` Sad Eyes '' , which entered the Easy Listening chart in the October 11 , 1975 , issue and stayed there for seven weeks , peaking at number 11 , and the title track from the album entered the UK singles chart on March 6 , 1976 , for a three-week stay that took the song to number 42 . The North American version of The Other Side of Me was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on February 19 , 2002 , the other album being Williams 's Columbia release from the fall of 1974 , You Lay So Easy on My Mind . Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled Classic Album Collection , Vol . 2 '' , which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29 , 2002 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Brazilian_jiu-jitsu", "Oswaldo_Fadda", "Eskrido", "Geny_Rebello", "Kenjutsu" ]

[ "Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu -LRB- -LSB- dʒuːˈdʒɪtsuː -RSB- -LSB- ˈʒiw ˈʒitsu -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒu ˈʒitsu -RSB- , -LSB- dʒiˈu dʒiˈtsu -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- BJJ ; jiu-jitsu brasileiro -RRB- is a martial art , combat sport system that focuses on grappling and especially ground fighting . Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu was formed from Kodokan judo ground fighting -LRB- newaza -RRB- fundamentals that were taught by a number of individuals including Takeo Yano , Mitsuyo Maeda and Soshihiro Satake . Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu eventually came to be its own art through the experiments , practices , and adaptation of judo through Carlos and Helio Gracie -LRB- who passed their knowledge on to their extended family -RRB- as well as other instructors who were students of Maeda , such as Luiz Franca . BJJ promotes the concept that a smaller , weaker person can successfully defend against a bigger , stronger , heavier assailant by using proper technique , leverage , and most notably , taking the fight to the ground , and then applying joint-locks and chokeholds to defeat the opponent . BJJ training can be used for sport grappling tournaments and in self-defense situations . Sparring -LRB- commonly referred to as rolling -RRB- and live drilling play a major role in training , and a premium is placed on performance , especially in competition , in relation to progress and ascension through its ranking system . Since its inception in 1882 , its parent art of judo was separated from older systems of Japanese jujutsu by an important difference that was passed on to Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu : it is not solely a martial art , but it is also a sport ; a method for promoting physical fitness and building character in young people ; and , ultimately , a way -LRB- Do -RRB- of life . ", "Oswaldo Baptista Fadda -LRB- January 15 , 1921 -- April 1 , 2005 -RRB- was a practitioner of Brazilian jiu-jitsu , reaching the rank of `` nono grau '' , a ninth grade red belt . He is known for being one of the highest ranked non-Gracie black belts and also for teaching students from the poorer areas of Rio de Janeiro , where jiu-jitsu was regarded as an upper-class sport . Fadda 's lineage , the most prominent second to the Carlos Gracie lineage , still survives through his links with today 's teams such as Nova União , Grappling Fight Team , as well as Deo Jiu-Jitsu -LRB- Deoclecio Paulo -RRB- and Equipe Mestre Wilson Jiu-Jitsu -LRB- Wilson Pereira Mattos -RRB- . ", "Eskrido , a version of Doce Pares , is a Filipino martial art that is a combination of Doce Pares , Aikido , Ju-Jitsu and Judo , with lesser influences from other Japanese systems . It features standard eskrima stick techniques mixed with Jujutsu-style locks and throws that utilize the stick . The stickwork shows a strong sword influence , and indeed the sword , knife , and other Filipino weapons are also taught . It was founded by Ciriaco `` Cacoy '' Cañete , who taught it in the Philippines and in seminars across the world . The martial art was established in 1951 . Cañete was the highest ranking practitioner in both Doce Pares Eskrima and Eskrido . ", "Geny Rebello -LRB- born 1927 -RRB- is a grandmaster of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu holding a 9th degree red belt . In 1997 , Jiu-Jitsu Federation of Rio de Janeiro held a tournament named Copa 70 anos Mestre Geny Rebello in commemoration of his 70th anniversary . ", "is the umbrella term for all -LRB- koryū -RRB- schools of Japanese swordsmanship , in particular those that predate the Meiji Restoration . The modern styles of kendo and iaido that were established in the 20th century included modern form of kenjutsu in their curriculum , too . Kenjutsu , which originated with the samurai class of feudal Japan , means `` the method , or technique , of the sword . '' This is opposed to kendo , which means `` the way of the sword '' . The exact activities and conventions undertaken when practicing kenjutsu vary from school to school , where the word school here refers to the practice , methods , ethics , and metaphysics of a given tradition , yet commonly include practice of battlefield techniques without an opponent and techniques whereby two practitioners perform kata -LRB- featuring full contact strikes to the body in some styles and no body contact strikes permitted in others -RRB- . Although kata training was always the mainstay , in later periods , schools incorporated sparring under a variety of conditions , from using solid wooden bokutō to use of bamboo sword -LRB- shinai -RRB- and armor -LRB- bōgu -RRB- . In modern times sparring in Japanese martial art is more strongly associated with kendo and is mainly practiced by students or the police force . Although kendo is common in Japan , it is also practiced in other countries around the world . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Boeing_787_Dreamliner", "Boeing_767", "MV_Red_Osprey", "F7", "Boeing_X-48" ]

[ "The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American long-haul , mid-size widebody , twin-engine jet airliner made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . Its variants seat 242 to 335 passengers in typical three-class seating configurations . It is a pioneering airliner with the use of composite materials as the primary material in the construction of its airframe . The 787 was designed to be 20 % more fuel efficient than the Boeing 767 , which it was intended to replace . The 787 Dreamliner 's distinguishing features include mostly electrical flight systems , raked wingtips , and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles . It shares a common type rating with the larger Boeing 777 to allow qualified pilots to operate both models . The aircraft 's initial designation was the 7E7 , prior to its renaming in January 2005 . The first 787 was unveiled in a roll-out ceremony on July 8 , 2007 at Boeing 's Everett factory . Development and production of the 787 has involved a large-scale collaboration with numerous suppliers worldwide . Final assembly takes place at the Boeing Everett Factory in Everett , Washington , and at the Boeing South Carolina factory in North Charleston , South Carolina . Originally planned to enter service in May 2008 , the project experienced multiple delays . The airliner 's maiden flight took place on December 15 , 2009 , and completed flight testing in mid-2011 . Boeing has reportedly spent $ 32 billion on the 787 program . Final US Federal Aviation Administration -LRB- FAA -RRB- and European Aviation Safety Agency -LRB- EASA -RRB- type certification was received in August 2011 and the first 787-8 was delivered in September 2011 . It entered commercial service on October 26 , 2011 with launch customer All Nippon Airways . The stretched 787-9 variant , which is 20 ft longer and can fly 450 nmi farther than the -8 , first flew in September 2013 . Deliveries of the 787-9 began in July 2014 ; it entered commercial service on August 7 , 2014 with All Nippon Airways , with 787-9 launch customer Air New Zealand following two days later . As of April 2017 , the 787 had orders for 1,213 aircraft from 64 customers , with All Nippon Airways having the largest number on order . The aircraft has suffered from several in-service problems , including fires on board related to its lithium-ion batteries . These systems were reviewed by both the FAA and the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau . The FAA issued a directive in January 2013 that grounded all 787s in the US and other civil aviation authorities followed suit . After Boeing completed tests on a revised battery design , the FAA approved the revised design and lifted the grounding in April 2013 ; the 787 returned to passenger service later that month . ", "The Boeing 767 is a mid - to large-size , long-range , wide-body twin-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . It was Boeing 's first wide-body twinjet and its first airliner with a two-crew glass cockpit . The aircraft has two turbofan engines , a conventional tail , and , for reduced aerodynamic drag , a supercritical wing design . Designed as a smaller wide-body airliner than earlier aircraft such as the 747 , the 767 has seating capacity for 181 to 375 people , and a design range of 3850 to , depending on variant . Development of the 767 occurred in tandem with a narrow-body twinjet , the 757 , resulting in shared design features which allow pilots to obtain a common type rating to operate both aircraft . The 767 is produced in three fuselage lengths . The original 767-200 entered service in 1982 , followed by the 767-300 in 1986 and the 767-400ER , an extended-range -LRB- ER -RRB- variant , in 2000 . The extended-range 767-200ER and 767-300ER models entered service in 1984 and 1988 , respectively , while a production freighter version , the 767-300F , debuted in 1995 . Conversion programs have modified passenger 767-200 and 767-300 series aircraft for cargo use , while military derivatives include the E-767 surveillance aircraft , the KC-767 and KC-46 aerial tankers , and VIP transports . Engines featured on the 767 include the General Electric CF6 , Pratt & Whitney JT9D and PW4000 , and Rolls-Royce RB211 turbofans . United Airlines first placed the 767 in commercial service in 1982 . The aircraft was initially flown on domestic and transcontinental routes , during which it demonstrated the reliability of its twinjet design . In 1985 , the 767 became the first twin-engined airliner to receive regulatory approval for extended overseas flights . The aircraft was then used to expand non-stop service on medium - to long-haul intercontinental routes . In 1986 , Boeing initiated studies for a higher-capacity 767 , ultimately leading to the development of the 777 , a larger wide-body twinjet . In the 1990s , the 767 became the most frequently used airliner for transatlantic flights between North America and Europe . The 767 is the first twinjet wide-body type to reach 1,000 aircraft delivered . As of April 2017 , Boeing has received 1,204 orders for the 767 from 74 customers ; 1,098 have been delivered . A total of 742 of these aircraft were in service in July 2016 ; the most popular variant is the 767-300ER , with 583 delivered ; Delta Air Lines is the largest operator , with 91 aircraft . Competitors have included the Airbus A300 , A310 , and A330-200 , while a successor , the 787 Dreamliner , entered service in October 2011 . Despite this , the 767 still remains in production . ", "MV Red Osprey is a Raptor Class vehicle and passenger ferry operated by Red Funnel on their route from Southampton to East Cowes on the Isle of Wight . She was built by Ferguson Shipbuilders in Port Glasgow . She first entered service in 1994 , being bought new by Red Funnel along with her sister ship Red Falcon and as such , has operated the same regular route throughout her life . Between October and December 2003 she was re-fitted and extended by Remontowa in Gdańsk , Poland , in order to increase vehicle capacity by 80 and allow a greater passenger capacity . This involved the lengthening of the ship by 9.6 m . She was the first of Red Funnel 's Raptor Class ships to undergo the process , . From December 2004 until 's stretch was completed a year later , she was the largest vessel regularly crossing the Solent , having taken this title from Wightlink 's . In 2005 , Red Osprey featured in the film Fragile , starring Calista Flockhart . Several scenes were shot both on and off the ferry as it cruised across the Solent , including scenes shot on B and A deck . Somewhat unrealistically , the ferry docks at the head of Ryde Pier , rather than its normal stopping point at East Cowes . In January 2009 , both sides of the ship were re-painted in an entirely yellow and blue livery to advertise the opening of a new IKEA store in Southampton . This was the first time a Red Funnel ferry was re-painted out of the company 's own colour scheme . She stayed in these colours for 12 months as part of a deal between Red Funnel and IKEA to provide home delivery services to the Isle of Wight . In January 2010 following a service she was re-painted into the standard red and white Red Funnel colour scheme when the deal came to an end . It has recently been confirmed that like her sister ship , the Red Falcon , the Red Osprey will be refurbished . She will be upgraded in a similar fashion to Red Falcon , but with improvements based on customer recommendations . She was taken out of service for refit in January 2015 , and returned to service in April 2015 . ", "F7 , F.VII , F07 , F 7 or F-7 may refer to : Ambrosini F. 7 Rondone II , an Italian light touring monoplane that first flew in 1954 Caproni Vizzola F. 7 , an Italian fighter design of the 1940s F-7 Liberator , a U.S. reconnaissance version of the B-24 bomber F 7 Såtenäs , a Swedish Air Force wing F 7 , a Kriegsmarine F-class escort ship of the late 1930s F-7 Sea Dart , American experimental hydro-ski seaplane fighter F-7 Skybolt/Airguard , the export version of the Chinese Chengdu J-7 fighter F7 -LRB- video game character -RRB- , a Street Fighter character EMD F7 , a diesel locomotive Fokker F.VII , a 1924 Dutch airliner HMAS Yarra -LRB- F07 -RRB- , a 1958 Royal Australian Navy River class destroyer escort HMS Afridi -LRB- F07 -RRB- , a 1937 British Royal Navy Tribal-class destroyer HMS Vidette -LRB- F07 -RRB- , 1918 British Royal Navy V class destroyer IHI Corporation F7 , a small Japanese turbofan LNER Class F7 , a class of twelve steam locomotives transferred from the GER Milwaukee Road class F7 , a steam locomotive Flybaboo , IATA airline designator A standard white point for narrow band daylight fluorescent lamps F7 , a note of high altitude in the seventh octave and the whistle register Factor VII , a coagulation factor F7 , a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level S1-S2 F7U Cutlass , a fighter plane used by the US Navy A function key on a computer keyboard F07 , personality and behavioural disorders due to brain disease , damage and dysfunction ICD-10 code F-7 , a residential sector in Islamabad , Pakistan Sydney Ferries ' Eastern Suburbs ferry services , known as the F7 F7 : an EEG electrode site according to the 10-20 system . ", "The Boeing X-48 is an American experimental unmanned aerial vehicle -LRB- UAV -RRB- built to investigate the characteristics of blended wing body -LRB- BWB -RRB- aircraft , a type of flying wing . Boeing designed the X-48 and two examples were built by Cranfield Aerospace in the UK . Boeing began flight testing the X-48B version for NASA in 2007 . The X-48B was later modified into the X-48C version , which was flight tested from August 2012 to April 2013 . Boeing and NASA plan to develop a larger BWB demonstrator . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Taarak_Mehta_Ka_Ooltah_Chashmah", "Kuhsarak", "Kutak", "Mahd-i_Ulya", "Shesh_Bahreh" ]

[ "Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah -LRB- English : Taarak Mehta 's Different Perspective -RRB- is India 's longest running sitcom serial produced by Neela Tele Films Private Limited . The show went on-air on July 28 , 2008 . It airs from Monday to Friday at 8:30 pm , with its repeat telecast at 11:00 pm and the next day at 3:00 pm on SAB TV . The show started its re-run on Sony Pal from November 2 , 2015 at 4:30 pm and 8:00 pm everyday . The show is based on the column Duniya Ne Oondha Chashma written by columnist and journalist Taarak Mehta for Gujarati weekly magazine Chitralekha . ", "Kuhsarak may refer to : Kuhsarak-e Olya Kuhsarak-e Sofla ", "Kutak or Kootak , also rendered as Kuh Tak , may refer to : Kutak , Hajjiabad , Hormozgan Province Kutak , Jask , Hormozgan Province Kutak-e Qalat , Hormozgan Province Kutak-e Rayisi , Hormozgan Province Kutak-e Bala Shomareh-ye Yek , Kerman Province Kutak-e Pain , Kerman Province Kutak-e Vasat , Kerman Province Kutak-e Jajji Aqa , Khuzestan Province Kutak-e Mohammad Karim , Khuzestan Province ", "Mahd-i Ulyā -LRB- مهد علیا , meaning `` Sublime Cradle '' or the highest ranked cradle -RRB- , also transliterated as Mahd-e Olyā , was a common title for empress mother , mothers of Shahs , or crown princes , in Iran during the Safavid and Qajar eras . It is also occasionally used in a similar context for the wife or the mother of a local ruler or a religious leader : Khayr al-Nisa Begum , wife of Shah Muhammad Khodabanda and mother of Shah Abbas I Malek Jahan Khanom , mother of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar Fatimih , wife of Bahá ` u 'll áh Category : Persian feminine given names ", "Shesh Bahreh may refer to : Shesh Bahreh-ye Mianeh Shesh Bahreh-ye Olya Shesh Bahreh-ye Sofla " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Boxing_Helena", "Bra_Boys-COLON-_Blood_Is_Thicker_than_Water", "Angela_-LRB-1995_film-RRB-", "Sundance_Film_Festival", "2015_Deauville_American_Film_Festival" ]

[ "Boxing Helena is a 1993 American romantic mystery thriller film with horror elements directed by Jennifer Lynch , and starring Sherilyn Fenn , Julian Sands , and Bill Paxton . The plot follows a surgeon whose growing obsession with a woman leads him to amputate her limbs and hold her captive in his home after she suffers a car accident . The film garnered notoriety prior to its release after protracted legal battles with Madonna and Kim Basinger , both of whom backed out of the leading role of Helena . It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1993 , where it received critical praise . After receiving an NC-17 rating by the MPAA , the film was given an R-rating on appeal and released in the United States in September 1993 , but received critical backlash and was a financial failure . ", "Bra Boys : Blood is Thicker than Water is a 2007 Australian Documentary film about a surf gang on Sydney 's Maroubra Beach released in March 2007 . The film details a story of the Bra Boys from the viewpoint of the gang members , particularly the Abbertons . Sunny Abberton wrote and co-directed the film with Macario De Souza . Actor Russell Crowe was producer and provided narration . The film 's official cast included 49 well known surfers from Bra Boys members Evan Faulks and Richie ` Vas ' Vaculik to ten-time world champion Kelly Slater . Other participating prominent surfers include Mark Occhilupo , Bruce Irons , and Laird Hamilton . Australian reviewer Margaret Pomeranz gave the movie an overall positive review , while her At the Movies co-host David Stratton criticised it as a `` not a very well made film ... basically not much more than a home movie '' and questioned how objective a documentary can be when it is directed by its subject . The documentary became Australia 's highest-grossing non-IMAX documentary film and won the Best Documentary at the 2008 Movie EXTRA Filmink Awards . The movie saw a limited release in the United States that began on 11 April 2008 , in 23 select locations in Southern California , New York and Hawaii . The film was distributed in Australia by Hopscotch Films and internationally by boutique distributor , Berkela Films . The film was released on DVD on 16 August 2007 with extras including the documentary , The Making of Bra Boys , extended surfing footage , coverage of the film 's premiere , history of Australian surf culture , a fitness program presented by one of the Bra Boys , and music videos . ", "Angela is a 1995 film , Rebecca Miller 's directorial debut . It won awards at the Sundance Film Festival , the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film and the Gotham Awards . ", "The Sundance Film Festival , a program of the Sundance Institute , is an American film festival that takes place annually in Park City , Utah . With 46,660 attendees in 2016 , it is the largest independent film festival in the United States . Held in January in Park City , Salt Lake City , and Ogden , as well as at the Sundance Resort , the festival is a showcase for new work from American and international independent filmmakers . The festival comprises competitive sections for American and international dramatic and documentary films , both feature films and short films , and a group of out-of-competition sections , including NEXT , New Frontier , Spotlight , Midnight , Premieres and Documentary Premieres . The 2017 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 19 to January 29 , 2017 . ", "The 41st Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from September 4 to 13 , 2015 . Baltasar Kormákur 's biographical disaster film Everest served as the opening night film . Sicario by Denis Villeneuve was the closing night film of the festival . The Grand Prix was awarded to 99 Homes by Ramin Bahrani . Complete lineup for the festival was announced on August 24 , 2015 . Total of 36 feature films were screened at the festival , 14 of which were in competition . In Television section , three episodes of Michael Connelly and Eric Overmyer 's crime TV-series Bosch were screened . The festival paid tribute to Orson Welles , Terrence Malick , Ian Mckellen , Patricia Clarkson , Keanu Reeves , Michael Bay , Lawrence Bender and Orlando Bloom and hosted retrospective of their films . Robert Pattinson and Elizabeth Olsen received Le Nouvel Hollywood -LRB- Hollywood Rising Star -RRB- awards . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Maltese_language", "Languages_of_Malta", "Malta", "Semitic_languages", "Llanito" ]

[ "Maltese -LRB- links = no -RRB- is the national language of Malta and a co-official language of the country alongside English , while also serving as an official language of the European Union , the only Semitic language so distinguished . Maltese is descended from Siculo-Arabic , the variety of Arabic that developed in Sicily and was later introduced to Malta , between the end of the ninth century and the end of the twelfth century . Maltese is a unique branch of Arabic because it has evolved independently of Literary Arabic into a standardized language over the past 800 years in a gradual process of Latinisation . The original Semitic base -LRB- Siculo-Arabic -RRB- comprises around one-third of the Maltese vocabulary , especially words that denote basic ideas and the function words , but about half of the vocabulary is derived from standard Italian and Sicilian ; and English words make up between 6 % and 20 % of the vocabulary . Maltese has always been written in the Latin script , the earliest surviving example dating from the late Middle Ages . ", "Malta has two official languages : Maltese and English . Maltese is also the national language . Until 1934 Italian was also an official language in Malta . Having been governed by many different countries in the past , the Maltese population is generally able to converse in languages which are not native to the country , namely English and Italian . According to the Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2012 , 98 % of Maltese people can speak Maltese , 88 % can speak English , 66 % can speak Italian , and more than 17 % speak French . This shows a recent increase in the fluency of languages , since in 1995 , only 98 % of the population spoke Maltese , 76 % English , 36 % Italian , and 10 % French . Surprisingly , it also shows an increase in Italian fluency compared to when Italian was an official language of Malta . French , German and Spanish are the other main languages studied in secondary and tertiary education . ", "Malta -LRB- -LSB- ˈmɒltə -RSB- -LSB- ˈmɐltɐ -RSB- -RRB- , officially known as the Republic of Malta -LRB- Repubblika ta ' Malta -RRB- , is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea . It lies 80 km south of Italy , 284 km east of Tunisia , and 333 km north of Libya . The country covers just over 316 km2 , with a population of just under 450,000 , making it one of the world 's smallest and most densely populated countries . The capital of Malta is Valletta , which at 0.8 km2 , is the smallest national capital in the European Union by area . Malta has one national language , which is Maltese , and English as an official language . Malta 's location in the middle of the Mediterranean has historically given it great strategic importance as a naval base , and a succession of powers , including the Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Moors , Normans , Sicilians , Spanish , Knights of St. John , French and British , have ruled the islands . King George VI of the United Kingdom awarded the George Cross to Malta in 1942 for the country 's bravery in the Second World War . The George Cross continues to appear on Malta 's national flag . Under the Malta Independence Act , passed by the British Parliament in 1964 , Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom as an independent sovereign Commonwealth realm , officially known from 1964 to 1974 as the State of Malta , with Elizabeth II as its head of state . The country became a republic in 1974 , and although no longer a Commonwealth realm , remains a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations . Malta was admitted to the United Nations in 1964 and to the European Union in 2004 ; in 2008 , it became part of the Eurozone . Malta has a long Christian legacy and its Archdiocese of Malta is claimed to be an apostolic see because , according to Acts of the Apostles , St Paul was shipwrecked on `` Melita '' , now widely taken to be Malta . Catholicism is the official religion in Malta . Malta is a popular tourist destination with its warm climate , numerous recreational areas , and architectural and historical monuments , including three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum , Valletta , and seven Megalithic Temples , which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world . ", "The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family originating in the Middle East . Semitic languages are spoken by more than 330 million people across much of Western Asia , North Africa and the Horn of Africa , as well as in often large expatriate communities in North America and Europe , with smaller communities in the Caucasus and Central Asia . The terminology was first used in the 1780s by members of the Göttingen School of History , who derived the name from Shem , one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis . The most widely spoken Semitic languages today are -LRB- numbers given are for native speakers only -RRB- Arabic -LRB- 300 million -RRB- , Amharic -LRB- 22 million -RRB- , Tigrinya -LRB- 7 million -RRB- , Hebrew -LRB- unknown ; 5 million native and non-native L1 speakers -RRB- , Tigre -LRB- 1.05 million in 2006 -RRB- , Aramaic -LRB- 575,000 to 1 million largely Assyrian fluent speakers -RRB- and Maltese -LRB- 520,000 speakers -RRB- . Semitic languages occur in written form from a very early historical date , with East Semitic Akkadian and Eblaite texts -LRB- written in a script adapted from Sumerian cuneiform -RRB- appearing from the 29th century BCE and the 25th century BCE in Mesopotamia and the northern Levant respectively . The only earlier attested written languages are Sumerian , Elamite -LRB- both language isolates -RRB- and Egyptian . However , most scripts used to write Semitic languages are abjadsa type of alphabetic script that omits some or all of the vowels , which is feasible for these languages because the consonants in the Semitic languages are the primary carriers of meaning . Among them are the Ugaritic , Phoenician , Aramaic , Hebrew , Syriac , Arabic , and South Arabian alphabets . The Ge'ez script , used initially in Yemen , and later also for writing the Semitic languages of Ethiopia and Eritrea , is technically an abugida a modified abjad in which vowels are notated using diacritic marks added to the consonants at all times , in contrast with other Semitic languages which indicate diacritics based on need or for introductory purposes . Maltese is the only Semitic language written in the Latin script and the only Semitic language to be an official language of the European Union . The Semitic languages are notable for their nonconcatenative morphology . That is , word roots are not themselves syllables or words , but instead are isolated sets of consonants -LRB- usually three , making a so-called triliteral root -RRB- . Words are composed out of roots not so much by adding prefixes or suffixes , but rather by filling in the vowels between the root consonants -LRB- although prefixes and suffixes are often added as well -RRB- . For example , in Arabic , the root meaning `` write '' has the form k-t-b . From this root , words are formed by filling in the vowels and sometimes adding additional consonants , e.g. كتاب kitāb `` book '' , كتب kutub `` books '' , كاتب kātib `` writer '' , كتّاب kuttāb `` writers '' , كتب kataba `` he wrote '' , يكتب yaktubu `` he writes '' , etc. . ", "Llanito or Yanito or Giannito -LRB- pronounced -LSB- jaˈnito -RSB- -RRB- is a form of Spanish heavily laced with words from English and other languages such as Genoese , spoken in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar . It consists of an eclectic mix of Andalusian Spanish and British English , marked by a great deal of code switching , anglicisms and loanwords from many other Mediterranean languages and dialects . Llanito is a Spanish word meaning `` little plain '' . Gibraltarians also call themselves Llanitos . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic", "Soviet_Union", "Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic", "Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union", "List_of_communist_monuments_in_Ukraine" ]

[ "The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . ", "The Soviet Union -LRB- -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -LRB- USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- -RRB- , also known unofficially as Russia -LRB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- -RRB- , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism -LRB- which he created -RRB- , and initiated a centrally planned economy . As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR . The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union . ", "Armenia -LRB- -LSB- ɑrˈmiːniə -RSB- , -LSB- - ˈmiːnjə -RSB- Հայաստան , tr . Hayastan , -LSB- hɑjɑsˈtɑn -RSB- ; Армения Armeniya -RRB- , officially the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic ; -LRB- Armenian SSR ; Հայկական Սովետական Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Haykakan Sovetakan Soc ` ialistakan Hanrapetut ` yun Армя́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Armyanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialističeskaya Respublika -RRB- , also commonly referred to as Soviet Armenia was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in December 1922 located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia . It was established in December 1920 , when the Soviets took over control of the short-lived First Republic of Armenia and lasted until 1991 . It is sometimes called the Second Republic of Armenia , following the First Republic of Armenia 's demise . As part of the Soviet Union , the Armenian SSR transformed from a largely agricultural hinterland to an important industrial production center , while its population almost quadrupled from around 880,000 in 1926 to 3.3 million in 1989 due to natural growth and large-scale influx of Armenian Genocide survivors and their descendants . On August 23 , 1990 , it was renamed the Republic of Armenia after its sovereignty was declared , but remained in the Soviet Union until its official proclamation of independence on 21 September 1991 . Its independence was recognized on 26 December 1991 when the Soviet Union ceased to exist . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the state of the post-Union Republic of Armenia existed until the adoption of the new constitution in 1995 . ", "The Soviet Union was dissolved on December 26 , 1991 . It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union . The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States -LRB- CIS -RRB- , although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do it at all . On the previous day , Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev , the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union , resigned , declared his office extinct , and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin . That evening at 7:32 , the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag . Previously , from August to December , all the individual republics , including Russia itself , had seceded from the union . The week before the union 's formal dissolution , 11 republics signed the Alma-Ata Protocol formally establishing the CIS and declaring that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist . Both the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the USSR also signalled the end of the Cold War . Several of the former Soviet republics have retained close links with the Russian Federation and formed multilateral organizations such as the Commonwealth of Independent States , Eurasian Economic Community , the Union State , the Eurasian Customs Union , and the Eurasian Economic Union to enhance economic and security cooperation . On the other hand , only the Baltic states have joined NATO and the European Union . ", "In Ukraine monuments to Lenin and other Soviet-era monuments are to be removed within a six months period that started on 15 May 2015 . Since Ukrainian independence -LRB- in 1991 -RRB- communist monuments where already being removed and till 2014 new monuments were also erected . In the aftermath of the 2013-2014 Euromaidan protests many of them were recently toppled . On 15 May 2015 President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed the bill into law that started a six months period for the removal of the communist monuments . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Inside_Llewyn_Davis", "Darren_Aronofsky", "2015_Deauville_American_Film_Festival", "The_Tracey_Fragments_-LRB-film-RRB-", "2013_Cannes_Film_Festival" ]

[ "Inside Llewyn Davis -LSB- ˈluː.ɪn deɪvɪs -RSB- is a 2013 American black comedy drama film written , directed , produced , and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen . Set in 1961 , the film follows one week in the life of Llewyn Davis , played by Oscar Isaac , a folk singer struggling to achieve musical success while keeping his life in order . It co-stars Carey Mulligan , John Goodman , Garrett Hedlund , F. Murray Abraham , and Justin Timberlake . Although Davis is a fictional character , the story was partly inspired by the autobiography of folk singer Dave Van Ronk . Most of the folk songs performed in the film are sung in full and recorded live . T Bone Burnett was the executive music producer . The film won the Grand Prix at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival , where it screened on May 19 , 2013 . The film received a limited release in the United States on December 6 , 2013 , and was given a wide release on January 10 , 2014 . The film received critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards -LRB- Best Cinematography and Best Sound Mixing -RRB- and for three Golden Globe Awards : Best Motion Picture -- Comedy or Musical , Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy -LRB- Oscar Isaac -RRB- , and Best Original Song . Inside Llewyn Davis has been highly acclaimed , and was voted the 11th best film of the 21st century by 177 critics in a 2016 BBC Culture poll . ", "Darren Aronofsky -LRB- born February 12 , 1969 -RRB- is an American filmmaker , and environmentalist . He has received acclaim , and generated controversy for his often surreal , disturbing films . Aronofsky attended Harvard University , where he studied film and social anthropology , and the American Film Institute where he studied directing . He won several film awards after completing his senior thesis film , Supermarket Sweep , which went on to become a National Student Academy Award finalist . Aronofsky 's feature debut , the surrealist psychological thriller Pi , was shot in November 1997 . The low-budget , $ 60,000 production , starring Sean Gullette , was sold to Artisan Entertainment for $ 1 million , and grossed over $ 3 million ; Aronofsky won the Directing Award at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival and an Independent Spirit Award for best first screenplay . Aronofsky 's followup , the psychological drama Requiem for a Dream , was based on the novel of the same name by Hubert Selby , Jr. . The film garnered strong reviews and received an Academy Award nomination for Ellen Burstyn 's performance . After writing the World War II horror film Below , Aronofsky began production on his third film , the romantic fantasy sci-fi drama The Fountain . The film received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box-office , but has since garnered a cult following . His fourth film , the sports drama The Wrestler , was released to critical acclaim and both of the film 's stars , Mickey Rourke and Marisa Tomei , received Academy Award nominations . In 2010 Aronofsky was an executive producer on The Fighter and his fifth feature film , the psychological horror film Black Swan , received further critical acclaim and many accolades , being nominated for five Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director and winning Best Actress for Natalie Portman 's performance in the film . Aronofsky received nominations for Best Director at the Golden Globes , and a Directors Guild of America Award nomination . Aronofsky 's sixth film , the biblically inspired epic Noah , was released in theaters on March 28 , 2014 . Noah grossed over $ 43.7 million during its opening box office weekend , becoming Aronofsky 's highest opening weekend and his first film to open at No. 1 . The film was an international hit , eventually grossing over $ 362,000,000 worldwide . ", "The 41st Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from September 4 to 13 , 2015 . Baltasar Kormákur 's biographical disaster film Everest served as the opening night film . Sicario by Denis Villeneuve was the closing night film of the festival . The Grand Prix was awarded to 99 Homes by Ramin Bahrani . Complete lineup for the festival was announced on August 24 , 2015 . Total of 36 feature films were screened at the festival , 14 of which were in competition . In Television section , three episodes of Michael Connelly and Eric Overmyer 's crime TV-series Bosch were screened . The festival paid tribute to Orson Welles , Terrence Malick , Ian Mckellen , Patricia Clarkson , Keanu Reeves , Michael Bay , Lawrence Bender and Orlando Bloom and hosted retrospective of their films . Robert Pattinson and Elizabeth Olsen received Le Nouvel Hollywood -LRB- Hollywood Rising Star -RRB- awards . ", "The Tracey Fragments is a 2007 drama film directed by Canadian Bruce McDonald and written by Maureen Medved , based on her novel of the same name . It stars Ellen Page in the title role , is produced by Sarah Timmins and executive produced by Paul Barkin . The film was selected to open the Panorama section of the 57th Berlin International Film Festival and had its world premiere February 8 , 2007 . It is being distributed in Canada by Odeon Films , with world sales being handled by Bavaria Films International . The film had its North American premiere at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12 . Canadian theatrical release followed in October 2007 . The film was acquired for the United States by THINKFilm , and was released May 9 , 2008 . After a screening at the Possible Worlds 2007 Canadian Film Festival the film was acquired for DVD release in Australia and New Zealand by Siren Visual . The film was a low budget production , being made on only CAD$ 750,000 . ", "The 66th annual Cannes Film Festival took place in Cannes , France , from 15 to 26 May 2013 . Steven Spielberg was the head of the jury for the main competition . New Zealand film director Jane Campion was the head of the jury for the Cinéfondation and Short Film sections . French actress Audrey Tautou hosted the opening and closing ceremonies . Actress Kim Novak was named guest of honour and introduced a new restored version of Alfred Hitchcock 's Vertigo . The festival opened with The Great Gatsby , directed by Baz Luhrmann and closed with Zulu , directed by Jérôme Salle . The film poster for the festival featured Paul Newman and his wife Joanne Woodward . The Bling Ring , directed by Sofia Coppola , opened the Un Certain Regard section . The French film Blue Is the Warmest Colour won the Palme d'Or . In an unprecedented move , along with the director , the Jury decided to take `` the exceptional step '' of awarding the film 's two main actresses , Adèle Exarchopoulos and Léa Seydoux , with the Palme d'Or . On the occasion of 100 Years of Indian Cinema , India was the Official Guest Country at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival . Seven Indian feature films were premiered among various sections on the festival . Actress Vidya Balan was one of the official Jury of the festival . The first Incredible India Exhibition , a joint participation of the Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , Republic of India was inaugurated by Indian delegate Chiranjeevi . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom", "George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom", "Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany", "George_III,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Dessau", "James_Francis_Edward_Stuart" ]

[ "George IV -LRB- George Augustus Frederick ; 12 August 1762 -- 26 June 1830 -RRB- was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover following the death of his father , George III , on 29 January 1820 , until his own death ten years later . From 1811 until his accession , he served as Prince Regent during his father 's final mental illness . George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era . He was a patron of new forms of leisure , style and taste . He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace , and Sir Jeffry Wyattville to rebuild Windsor Castle . His charm and culture earned him the title `` the first gentleman of England '' , but his poor relationship with both his father and his wife , Caroline of Brunswick , and his dissolute way of life , earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy . He even forbade Caroline to attend his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in a desperate , unsuccessful attempt to divorce her . For most of George 's regency and reign , Lord Liverpool controlled the government as Prime Minister , with little help from George . His ministers found his behaviour selfish , unreliable and irresponsible . At all times he was much under the influence of favourites . Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending at a time when Britons were fighting in the Napoleonic Wars . He did not provide national leadership in time of crisis , nor act as a role model for his people . Liverpool 's government presided over Britain 's ultimate victory , negotiated the peace settlement , and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that followed . After Liverpool 's retirement , George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it . His only child , Princess Charlotte , died before him in 1817 and so he was succeeded by his younger brother , William . ", "George III -LRB- George William Frederick ; 4 June 1738 -- 29 January 1820 -RRB- was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801 , after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death . He was concurrently Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg -LRB- `` Hanover '' -RRB- in the Holy Roman Empire until his promotion to King of Hanover on 12 October 1814 . He was the third British monarch of the House of Hanover , but unlike his two predecessors he was born in Britain , spoke English as his first language , and never visited Hanover . His life and with it his reign , which were longer than any other British monarch before him , were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms , much of the rest of Europe , and places farther afield in Africa , the Americas and Asia . Early in his reign , Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years ' War , becoming the dominant European power in North America and India . However , many of Britain 's American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence . Further wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France from 1793 concluded in the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 . In the later part of his life , George III had recurrent , and eventually permanent , mental illness . Although it has since been suggested that he had the blood disease porphyria , the cause of his illness remains unknown . After a final relapse in 1810 , a regency was established , and George III 's eldest son , George , Prince of Wales , ruled as Prince Regent . On George III 's death , the Prince Regent succeeded his father as George IV . Historical analysis of George III 's life has gone through a `` kaleidoscope of changing views '' that have depended heavily on the prejudices of his biographers and the sources available to them . Until it was reassessed in the second half of the 20th century , his reputation in the United States was one of a tyrant ; and in Britain he became `` the scapegoat for the failure of imperialism '' . ", "The Prince Frederick , Duke of York and Albany -LRB- Frederick Augustus ; 16 August 1763 -- 5 January 1827 -RRB- , a member of the House of Hanover , was the second son and child of King George III , King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover . A soldier by profession , from 1764 to 1803 he was Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück , and from the death of his father in 1820 until his own death in 1827 he was the heir presumptive to his elder brother , King George IV , both to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Hanover . However , he died before his brother . Frederick was thrust into the British Army at a very early age and was appointed to high command at the age of thirty , when he was given command of a notoriously ineffectual campaign during the War of the First Coalition , a continental war following the French Revolution . Later , as Commander-in-Chief during the Napoleonic Wars , he oversaw the reorganisation of the British Army , putting in place vital structural , administrative and recruiting reforms for which he is credited with having done `` more for the army than any one man has done for it in the whole of its history . '' ", "George III , Prince of Anhalt-Dessau -LRB- Dessau , 15 August 1507 -- Dessau , 17 October 1553 -RRB- , was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau . After 1544 he became the first ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau . George was the third -LRB- but second surviving -RRB- son of Ernest I , Prince of Anhalt-Dessau , by his wife Margarete , daughter of Henry I , Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and granddaughter of George of Poděbrady , King of Bohemia . ", "James Francis Edward , Prince of Wales -LRB- 10 June 1688 -- 1 January 1766 -RRB- , nicknamed the Old Pretender , was the son of King James II and VII , the monarch of the three kingdoms of England , Scotland and Ireland , and his second wife Mary of Modena . His Catholic father was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 only months after his birth , and his Protestant older half-sister , Mary II and her husband William III of Orange became king and queen . The Bill of Rights 1689 and Act of Succession 1701 excluded Catholics from the British throne , and James was raised in exile . After his father 's death in 1701 , James claimed the English , Scottish and Irish thrones as James III of England and Ireland and James VIII of Scotland , in which he was supported by his Jacobite followers and his cousin Louis XIV of France . In 1715 , he unsuccessfully attempted to gain power in Britain during the Jacobite Rising of 1715 . Following his death in 1766 , his oldest son Charles Edward Stuart continued to make these claims pursuant to the Jacobite Succession . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Cars_3", "Cars_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Cars_Toons", "Gran_Turismo_6", "Danganronpa" ]

[ "Cars 3 is an upcoming 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and scheduled to be released on June 16 , 2017 by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the eighteenth Pixar film , the third installment in the Cars franchise , a sequel to Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and a threequel to Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . It is being directed by Brian Fee , a storyboard artist on Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . It will be the first film he has directed . ", "Cars is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . Directed and co-written by John Lasseter , it is Pixar 's final independently-produced motion picture before its purchase by Disney in May 2006 . Set in a world populated entirely by anthropomorphic cars and other vehicles , the film stars the voices of Owen Wilson , Paul Newman -LRB- in his final acting role -RRB- , Bonnie Hunt , Larry the Cable Guy , Tony Shalhoub , Cheech Marin , Michael Wallis , George Carlin , Paul Dooley , Jenifer Lewis , Guido Quaroni , Michael Keaton , Katherine Helmond and John Ratzenberger . Race car drivers Dale Earnhardt , Jr. , Mario Andretti , Michael Schumacher and car enthusiast Jay Leno -LRB- as `` Jay Limo '' -RRB- voice themselves . Cars premiered on May 26 , 2006 at Lowe 's Motor Speedway in Concord , North Carolina , and was theatrically released on June 9 , 2006 to mostly positive reviews from critics . It was nominated for two Academy Awards including Best Animated Feature , and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film . The film was released on DVD on November 7 , 2006 and on Blu-ray in 2007 . The film was accompanied by the short One Man Band for its theatrical and home media releases . Merchandise based on the film -LRB- including scale models of several of the cars -RRB- broke records for retail sales of merchandise based on a Disney/Pixar film , bringing an estimated $ 10 billion for 5 years after the film 's release . The film was dedicated to Joe Ranft , who was killed in a car accident during the film 's production . A sequel , titled Cars 2 , was released on June 24 , 2011 , and a spin-off film titled Planes , produced by DisneyToon Studios , was released on August 9 , 2013 , which was followed by its own sequel , Planes : Fire & Rescue , released on July 18 , 2014 . A series of short animated films titled Cars Toons debuted in 2008 on Disney Channel and Disney XD . A second sequel , Cars 3 , is scheduled for release on June 16 , 2017 . ", "Cars Toons is a series of American computer-animated short films by Pixar . It features Lightning McQueen and Mater from Cars . Larry the Cable Guy reprises his role as Mater while Keith Ferguson replaces Owen Wilson as Lightning McQueen -LRB- until The Radiator Springs 500 1/2 when Wilson reprises his role -RRB- . The series ' first broadcast was on October 27 , 2008 on Toon Disney , Disney Channel , and ABC Family . Not exclusive to television , some of those episodes have also premiered on DVDs / Blu-rays or as a theatrical short . ", "is a racing video game developed by Polyphony Digital and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 video game console . It is the sixth major release and twelfth game overall in the Gran Turismo video game series . It was released worldwide on December 6 , 2013 , and was popular with critics , won awards , and topped charts in countries around the world . New features included the addition of more cars and tracks , improvements to the car customisation options , and partnerships with the Goodwood Festival of Speed , the Ayrton Senna Institute , the FIA and NASA . Gran Turismo 6 is the first-ever video game to have officially certified FIA content . ", "is a video game franchise created and developed by Spike Chunsoft -LRB- formerly Spike -RRB- for the PlayStation Portable , PlayStation Vita , PlayStation 4 , iOS , Android , and home computers . The series currently consists of four main titles ; three visual novel games , Danganronpa : Trigger Happy Havoc , Danganronpa 2 : Goodbye Despair , and Danganronpa V3 : Killing Harmony , and a spin-off adventure game , Danganronpa Another Episode : Ultra Despair Girls . Multiple smartphone titles , as well as various manga and novel adaptations and spin-off series , have also been released , and two anime television series , Danganronpa : The Animation and Danganronpa 3 : The End of Hope 's Peak High School , have been produced by Lerche . The games are published in North America and Europe by NIS America . The series ' name is a compound of and . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Duke_of_York", "Children_of_Henry_VIII", "Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg", "Elizabeth_of_York", "Margaret_Holland,_Duchess_of_Clarence" ]

[ "The Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . Since the 15th century , it has , when granted , usually been given to the second son of English -LRB- later British -RRB- monarchs . The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage was Duke of Albany . Initially granted in the 14th century in the Peerage of England , the title Duke of York has been created eight times . Additionally , the title Duke of York and Albany has been created three times . These occurred during the 18th century , following the 1707 unification of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into a single , united realm . The double naming was done so that a territorial designation from each of the previously separate realms could be included . The current Duke of York is Prince Andrew , the second son of Queen Elizabeth II . Prince Andrew currently has no male heirs and has been unmarried since his 1996 divorce . ", "Henry VIII of England had several children . The best-known are the three legitimate children who survived Henry and succeeded him as monarchs of England successively , Edward VI , Mary I and Elizabeth I. His first two wives , Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn , had several pregnancies that ended in stillbirth , miscarriage , or death in infancy . Henry acknowledged one illegitimate child , Henry FitzRoy , as his own , but is suspected to have fathered several illegitimate children by different mistresses . The number and identity of these is a matter of historical debate . There are many theories about whether Henry VIII had fertility difficulties . His last three wives , Anne of Cleves , Catherine Howard and Catherine Parr are not known to have conceived by him , although Parr conceived in her next marriage . ", "Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg -LRB- 13 June 1672 -- 15 October 1741 -RRB- was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor , the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg , from 1689 until 1728 ; however , because her distant cousin George William , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , conquered the duchy by force in 1689 , she exercised no control over the territory , instead living in her manors in Bohemia . She was Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of the last Medici Grand Duke , Gian Gastone . Anna Maria Franziska was the elder surviving daughter of Julius Franz , Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg , and Maria Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach . She married Philipp Wilhelm August of the Palatinate in 1690 , with whom she had her only child , Maria Anna , in 1691 . She was widowed in 1693 . Four years later , she married Gian Gastone de ' Medici , a Prince of Tuscany . With her brother-in-law Ferdinando de ' Medici 's death in 1713 , her husband became Tuscany 's heir-apparent . She became Grand Duchess of Tuscany upon the incumbent ruler 's death in 1723 . She was Grand Duchess for fourteen years before being widowed again in 1737 . ", "Elizabeth of York -LRB- 11 February 1466 -- 11 February 1503 -RRB- was queen consort of England from 1486 until her death . As the wife of Henry VII , she was the first Tudor queen . She was the daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III , and she married the king following Henry 's victory at the Battle of Bosworth which started the last phase of the Wars of the Roses . She was the mother of King Henry VIII . Therefore , she was the daughter , sister , niece , wife , mother and grandmother of successive Kings of England . The period of Henry VI 's readaption from October 1470 until April 1471 and the period between her father 's death in 1483 , when she was 17 , and the making of peace between her mother and her uncle Richard were violent and anxious interludes in what was mostly a peaceful life . Her two brothers disappeared , the `` Princes in the Tower '' , their fate unknown . She was welcomed back to court by her Uncle Richard III , along with all of her sisters . As a Yorkist princess , the final victory of the Lancastrian faction in the War of the Roses may have seemed a further disaster , but Henry Tudor knew the importance of Yorkist support for his invasion and promised to marry her before he arrived in England ; this was an important move , which , however , failed to bring him the desired Yorkist support . Her marriage seems to have been successful , though her eldest son Arthur , Prince of Wales , died at age 15 in 1502 , and three other children died young . She seems to have played little part in politics . Her surviving children became a King of England and queens of France and Scotland ; it is through the Scottish Stuart dynasty that her many modern royal descendants trace their descent from her . ", "Margaret Holland , Countess of Somerset -LRB- 1385 -- 31 December 1439 -RRB- was the daughter of Thomas Holland , 2nd Earl of Kent , who was the son of Joan `` the Fair Maid of Kent '' -LRB- granddaughter of Edward I of England , wife of Edward the Black Prince and mother of Richard II of England -RRB- . Margaret 's mother was Alice FitzAlan , daughter of Richard FitzAlan , 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster . Margaret married John Beaufort , 1st Earl of Somerset , son of John of Gaunt , 1st Duke of Lancaster and his mistress Katherine Swynford . They had six children : Henry Beaufort , 2nd Earl of Somerset -LRB- c. 1401 -- 25 November 1418 -RRB- . John Beaufort , 1st Duke of Somerset -LRB- baptized 25 March 1404 -- 27 May 1444 -RRB- . Thomas Beaufort , Count of Perche -LRB- c. 1405 -- 1431 -RRB- . Lady Joan Beaufort -LRB- c. 1406 -- 15 July 1445 -RRB- , who married James I of Scotland and Sir James Stewart , the Black Knight of Lorn . Edmund Beaufort , 2nd Duke of Somerset -LRB- c. 1406 -- 22 May 1455 -RRB- . Lady Margaret Beaufort , Countess of Devon -LRB- c. 1409 -- 1449 -RRB- , married Thomas de Courtenay , 13th Earl of Devon . In 1399 , she was invested as a Lady Companion , Order of the Garter -LRB- L.G. -RRB- . After Beaufort died in 1410 -LRB- in the Tower of London -RRB- , she married his nephew Thomas of Lancaster , 1st Duke of Clarence , the son of King Henry IV . They had no children . She died on 31 December 1439 at St. Saviour 's Abbey , Bermondsey , in London , England . Margaret and both her husbands are buried together in a carved alabaster tomb in Canterbury Cathedral that shows her lying between the two of them . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Yin_and_yang", "Second_wave_positive_psychology", "As_U_Like", "Empress_Yin", "Yinchuan" ]

[ "In Chinese philosophy , yin and yang -LRB- also yin -- yang or yin yang , yīnyáng `` dark -- bright '' -RRB- describe how seemingly opposite or contrary forces may actually be complementary , interconnected , and interdependent in the natural world , and how they may give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another . Many tangible dualities -LRB- such as light and dark , fire and water , expanding and contracting -RRB- are thought of as physical manifestations of the duality symbolized by yin and yang . This duality lies at the origins of many branches of classical Chinese science and philosophy , as well as being a primary guideline of traditional Chinese medicine , and a central principle of different forms of Chinese martial arts and exercise , such as baguazhang , taijiquan -LRB- t ` ai chi -RRB- , and qigong -LRB- Chi Kung -RRB- , as well as appearing in the pages of the I Ching . Duality is found in many belief systems , but Yin and Yang are parts of a Oneness that is also equated with the Tao . A term has been coined dualistic-monism or dialectical monism . Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary -LRB- rather than opposing -RRB- forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts . Everything has both yin and yang aspects -LRB- for instance , shadow can not exist without light -RRB- . Either of the two major aspects may manifest more strongly in a particular object , depending on the criterion of the observation . The yin yang -LRB- i.e. taijitu symbol -RRB- shows a balance between two opposites with a portion of the opposite element in each section . In Taoist metaphysics , distinctions between good and bad , along with other dichotomous moral judgments , are perceptual , not real ; so , the duality of yin and yang is an indivisible whole . In the ethics of Confucianism on the other hand , most notably in the philosophy of Dong Zhongshu -LRB- 2nd century BC -RRB- , a moral dimension is attached to the idea of yin and yang . ", "Second wave positive psychology -LRB- PP 2.0 -RRB- is concerned with how to bring out the best in individuals and society in spite of and because of the dark side of human existence through the dialectical principles of yin and yang . There has also been a distinct shift from focusing on individual happiness and success to the double vision of individual well-being and the big picture of humanity . PP 2.0 is more about bringing out the `` better angels of our nature '' than achieving optimal happiness or personal success , because the better angels of empathy , compassion , reason , justice , and self-transcendence will make people better human beings and this world a better place . PP 2.0 pivots around the universal human capacity for meaning seeking and meaning making in achieving optimal human functioning under both desirable and undesirable conditions . This emerging movement is an inevitable and necessary corrective response to the inherent problems of what has been called `` positive psychology as usual '' . ", "As U Like or As You Like ` Nin Say Yin ' is a 2013 Burmese drama film produced by Sein Htay Film Production . It was based on Nay Naw 's novel . It was directed by Wyne -LRB- Own Creator -RRB- . Pyay Ti Oo , Min Oo and Wut Hmone Shwe Yee starred as the main characters . ", "Empress Yin may mean or refer to : Empress Yin Lihua -LRB- 5 -- 64 -RRB- , wife of Emperor Guangwu of Han Empress Yin -LRB- He -RRB- -LRB- died 102 -RRB- , wife of Emperor He of Han Empress Yin Yuying -LRB- died 453 -RRB- , wife of Liu Shao of Liu Song Lady Yin , first wife of Emperor Taizong of Song , posthumously honored an empress Yin ", "Yinchuan is the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region , China , and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the Tanguts . It has an area of 4467 sqkm and a total population of 1.99 million . Its built up area is home to 1,290,170 inhabitants spread on three urban districts . The name of the city literally means `` silver river '' . Thanks to the Yellow River , Yinchuan enjoys beautiful natural scenery and favorable conditions for agriculture and has long earned the fame of a `` River Side City in the Northwest '' and `` Home to Fishes and Rice '' . Yinchuan is now the permanent site for China-Arab Expo which is an international platform for cultural and economic exchanges between China and Arab countries . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Brazilian_jiu-jitsu", "Oswaldo_Fadda", "Ashi_guruma", "Kenjutsu", "Junya_Kodo" ]

[ "Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu -LRB- -LSB- dʒuːˈdʒɪtsuː -RSB- -LSB- ˈʒiw ˈʒitsu -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒu ˈʒitsu -RSB- , -LSB- dʒiˈu dʒiˈtsu -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- BJJ ; jiu-jitsu brasileiro -RRB- is a martial art , combat sport system that focuses on grappling and especially ground fighting . Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu was formed from Kodokan judo ground fighting -LRB- newaza -RRB- fundamentals that were taught by a number of individuals including Takeo Yano , Mitsuyo Maeda and Soshihiro Satake . Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu eventually came to be its own art through the experiments , practices , and adaptation of judo through Carlos and Helio Gracie -LRB- who passed their knowledge on to their extended family -RRB- as well as other instructors who were students of Maeda , such as Luiz Franca . BJJ promotes the concept that a smaller , weaker person can successfully defend against a bigger , stronger , heavier assailant by using proper technique , leverage , and most notably , taking the fight to the ground , and then applying joint-locks and chokeholds to defeat the opponent . BJJ training can be used for sport grappling tournaments and in self-defense situations . Sparring -LRB- commonly referred to as rolling -RRB- and live drilling play a major role in training , and a premium is placed on performance , especially in competition , in relation to progress and ascension through its ranking system . Since its inception in 1882 , its parent art of judo was separated from older systems of Japanese jujutsu by an important difference that was passed on to Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu : it is not solely a martial art , but it is also a sport ; a method for promoting physical fitness and building character in young people ; and , ultimately , a way -LRB- Do -RRB- of life . ", "Oswaldo Baptista Fadda -LRB- January 15 , 1921 -- April 1 , 2005 -RRB- was a practitioner of Brazilian jiu-jitsu , reaching the rank of `` nono grau '' , a ninth grade red belt . He is known for being one of the highest ranked non-Gracie black belts and also for teaching students from the poorer areas of Rio de Janeiro , where jiu-jitsu was regarded as an upper-class sport . Fadda 's lineage , the most prominent second to the Carlos Gracie lineage , still survives through his links with today 's teams such as Nova União , Grappling Fight Team , as well as Deo Jiu-Jitsu -LRB- Deoclecio Paulo -RRB- and Equipe Mestre Wilson Jiu-Jitsu -LRB- Wilson Pereira Mattos -RRB- . ", "is a throw in judo . It is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kano Jigoro . It belongs to the third group of the traditional throwing list in the Gokyo no waza of the Kodokan Judo . It is also included in the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo and is classified as a foot technique -LRB- ashiwaza -RRB- . ", "is the umbrella term for all -LRB- koryū -RRB- schools of Japanese swordsmanship , in particular those that predate the Meiji Restoration . The modern styles of kendo and iaido that were established in the 20th century included modern form of kenjutsu in their curriculum , too . Kenjutsu , which originated with the samurai class of feudal Japan , means `` the method , or technique , of the sword . '' This is opposed to kendo , which means `` the way of the sword '' . The exact activities and conventions undertaken when practicing kenjutsu vary from school to school , where the word school here refers to the practice , methods , ethics , and metaphysics of a given tradition , yet commonly include practice of battlefield techniques without an opponent and techniques whereby two practitioners perform kata -LRB- featuring full contact strikes to the body in some styles and no body contact strikes permitted in others -RRB- . Although kata training was always the mainstay , in later periods , schools incorporated sparring under a variety of conditions , from using solid wooden bokutō to use of bamboo sword -LRB- shinai -RRB- and armor -LRB- bōgu -RRB- . In modern times sparring in Japanese martial art is more strongly associated with kendo and is mainly practiced by students or the police force . Although kendo is common in Japan , it is also practiced in other countries around the world . ", "Junya Kodo ` KODO ' -LRB- born March 24 , 1983 -RRB- is a Japanese mixed martial artist currently fighting in the Flyweight division of Shooto organization . Kodo is also the Head Coach and Representative of Shooto Gym Kobe . KODO replaced Norifumi Yamamoto in 2 days notice to fight Joseph Benavidez on DREAM 5 Lightweight GP Final 2008 . KODO was ranked 3 in Japan Amateur Shooto Championships then going on to be Kansai Amateur Shooto Champion securing his rank as a professional A-Class Shooter . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Exit_the_King", "The_King_-LRB-2005_film-RRB-", "The_King's_Speech-COLON-_How_One_Man_Saved_the_British_Monarchy", "The_King_was_in_his_Counting_House", "James_King_-LRB-rugby_union,_born_1987-RRB-" ]

[ "Exit the King -LRB- Le Roi se meurt -RRB- is an absurdist drama by Eugène Ionesco that premiered in 1962 . It is the third in Ionesco 's `` Berenger Cycle '' , preceded by The Killer -LRB- 1958 -RRB- and Rhinocéros -LRB- 1959 -RRB- , and followed by A Stroll in the Air -LRB- 1963 -RRB- . ", "The King is a 2005 drama film about a troubled man , recently discharged from the Navy , who goes to Corpus Christi , Texas , in search of the father he 's never met . The film is deeply rooted in a Southern Gothic style and features themes similar to those in Greek Tragedy . It was written by its British director James Marsh and also by Milo Addica , the Academy Award-nominated writer of Monster 's Ball and Birth . The film stars Gael García Bernal , who received strong critical acclaim for his portrayal of the main character Elvis , as well as William Hurt and Pell James . ", "The King 's Speech : How One Man Saved the British Monarchy is a book written by Peter Conradi and Mark Logue . Logue 's father , Lionel Logue , was a speech and language therapist who helped Prince Albert , Duke of York , -LRB- later George VI -RRB- manage his difficulties in public speaking with a severe stutter . The 2010 film The King 's Speech was based on Lionel Logue 's experience with Prince Albert . Category : British historical novels Category : British novels adapted into films Category : Cultural depictions of George VI ", "The King was in his Counting House is the seventh episode of the fifth series of the British comedy series Dad 's Army that was originally transmitted on 17 November 1972 . ", "James King -LRB- born 16 March 1987 -RRB- is a rugby union player . His regular playing position is lock . King was born in Pukekohe , New Zealand . He previously represented the Rebels and the Blues in Super Rugby . In 2014 King left the Rebels for a contract in Japan , playing for the Yakult Levins . King debuted for the United States national rugby union team at the 2016 Americas Rugby Championship . He qualified through his American mother . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Adobe_Photoshop", "Adobe_Systems", "Adobe_GoLive", "Adobe_Systems,_Inc._v._Southern_Software,_Inc.", "Bert_Monroy" ]

[ "Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Systems for macOS and Windows . Photoshop was created in 1988 by Thomas and John Knoll . Since then , it has become the de facto industry standard in raster graphics editing , such that the word `` photoshop '' has become a verb as in `` to Photoshop an image , '' `` photoshopping '' and `` photoshop contest '' , though Adobe discourages such use . It can edit and compose raster images in multiple layers and supports masks , alpha compositing and several color models including RGB , CMYK , CIELAB , spot color and duotone . Photoshop has vast support for graphic file formats but also uses its own PSD and PSB file formats which support all the aforementioned features . In addition to raster graphics , it has limited abilities to edit or render text , vector graphics -LRB- especially through clipping path -RRB- , 3D graphics and video . Photoshop 's feature set can be expanded by Photoshop plug-ins , programs developed and distributed independently of Photoshop that can run inside it and offer new or enhanced features . Photoshop 's naming scheme was initially based on version numbers . However , in October 2002 , following the introduction of Creative Suite branding , each new version of Photoshop was designated with `` CS '' plus a number ; e.g. , the eighth major version of Photoshop was Photoshop CS and the ninth major version was Photoshop CS2 . Photoshop CS3 through CS6 were also distributed in two different editions : Standard and Extended . In June 2013 , with the introduction of Creative Cloud branding , Photoshop 's licensing scheme was changed to that of software as a service rental model and the `` CS '' suffixes were replaced with `` CC '' . Historically , Photoshop was bundled with additional software such as Adobe ImageReady , Adobe Fireworks , Adobe Bridge , Adobe Device Central and Adobe Camera RAW . Alongside Photoshop , Adobe also develops and publishes Photoshop Elements , Photoshop Lightroom , Photoshop Express and Photoshop Touch . Collectively , they are branded as `` The Adobe Photoshop Family '' . It is currently a licensed software . ", "Adobe Systems Incorporated -LSB- əˈdoʊbiː -RSB- is an American multinational computer software company . The company is headquartered in San Jose , California , United States . Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products , with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development . It is best known for Photoshop , an image editing software , Acrobat Reader , the Portable Document Format -LRB- PDF -RRB- and Adobe Creative Suite , as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud . Adobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke , who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language . In 1985 , Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers , which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution . , Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide , about 40 % of whom work in San Jose . Adobe also has major development operations in Newton , Massachusetts ; New York City , New York ; Minneapolis , Minnesota ; Lehi , Utah ; Seattle , Washington ; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo , California in the United States . ", "Adobe GoLive was a WYSIWYG HTML editor and web site management application from Adobe Systems . It replaced Adobe PageMill as Adobe 's primary HTML editor and was itself discontinued in favour of Dreamweaver . The last version of GoLive that Adobe released was GoLive 9 . ", "Adobe Systems , Inc. v. Southern Software , Inc. was a case in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California regarding the copyrightability of digitized typefaces -LRB- computer fonts -RRB- . The case is notable since typeface designs in general are not protected under United States copyright law , as determined in Eltra Corp. v. Ringer . Since that case , the United States Copyright Office has published policy decisions acknowledging the registration of computer programs that generate typefaces . In this case , the court held that Adobe 's Utopia font was protectable under copyright and Southern Software , Inc. 's Veracity font was substantially similar and infringing . ", "Bert Monroy is an American artist best known for his skill in using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator . Monroy is considered by most PixelPerfect viewers to be one of the pioneers of digital art . Much of his work is photorealistic . He has published several books , including the first on the use of Photoshop -LRB- The Official Adobe Photoshop Handbook , coauthored with David Biedny -RRB- , and is also an accomplished lecturer . He was a frequent guest on The Screen Savers , where he gave brief Photoshop tutorials . In 2004 he was inducted into the Photoshop Hall of Fame . He also hosted a web TV show , PixelPerfect , on Revision3 . Monroy hosted his last PixelPerfect show on 1/11/10 citing that he needs to spend time on current projects . Monroy is currently a regular teacher on the training website Lynda.com and hosts an ongoing series called Pixel Playground which is similar to Pixel Perfect . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Hinduism", "Hindu_cosmology", "Aathara_Stalam", "Aghori", "Bhojshala" ]

[ "Hinduism is a religion , or a way of life , found most notably in India and Nepal . Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world , and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as , `` the eternal law , '' or the `` eternal way , '' beyond human origins . Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no founder . This `` Hindu synthesis '' started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE following the Vedic period -LRB- 1500 BCE to 500 BCE -RRB- . Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies , it is linked by shared concepts , recognisable rituals , cosmology , shared textual resources , and pilgrimage to sacred sites . Hindu texts are classified into Shruti -LRB- `` heard '' -RRB- and Smriti -LRB- `` remembered '' -RRB- . These texts discuss theology , philosophy , mythology , Vedic yajna , Yoga , agamic rituals , and temple building , among other topics . Major scriptures include the Vedas and Upanishads , the Bhagavad Gita , and the Agamas . Sources of authority and eternal truths in its texts play an important role , but there is also a strong Hindu tradition of the questioning of this authority , to deepen the understanding of these truths and to further develop the tradition . Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include the four Puruṣārthas , the proper goals or aims of human life , namely Dharma -LRB- ethics/duties -RRB- , Artha -LRB- prosperity/work -RRB- , Kama -LRB- desires/passions -RRB- and Moksha -LRB- liberation/freedom/salvation -RRB- ; karma -LRB- action , intent and consequences -RRB- , samsara -LRB- cycle of rebirth -RRB- , and the various Yogas -LRB- paths or practices to attain moksha -RRB- . Hindu practices include rituals such as puja -LRB- worship -RRB- and recitations , meditation , family-oriented rites of passage , annual festivals , and occasional pilgrimages . Some Hindus leave their social world and material possessions , then engage in lifelong Sannyasa -LRB- monastic practices -RRB- to achieve Moksha . Hinduism prescribes the eternal duties , such as honesty , refraining from injuring living beings -LRB- ahimsa -RRB- , patience , forbearance , self-restraint , and compassion , among others . Hinduism is the world 's third largest religion , with over one billion followers or 15 % of the global population , known as Hindus . The majority of Hindus reside in India , Nepal , Mauritius , the Caribbean , and Bali in Indonesia . ", "In Hindu cosmology , the universe is cyclically created and destroyed . Deeply rooted in the texts of Hindu literature , including the Vedas and the Puranas , is the belief time is divided into four epochs or Yuga , of which we occupy the final . In roughly 432,000 years , it is believed that the Avatar Kalki , the final incarnation of Vishnu , will bring the end time -LRB- i.e. a time of climax of world events -RRB- . Hindu cosmology also describes aspects of evolution , astronomy , and astrology . ", "Aathara Stalam indicates the places which are considered to be divine impersonations of Tantric chakras , associated with human anatomy . The Annamalaiyar temple is called the Manipooraga stalam , associated with `` Manipooraga '' , the human anatomical cause for spiritual ignorance , thirst , jealousy , treachery , shame , fear , disgust , delusion , foolishness and sadness . Five temples are located in Tamil Nadu , and one at Varanasi . -RCB- -RRB- | Brain directly behind eyebrow | Natarajar Temple | Chidambaram | | - | Visuthi -LRB- Sanskrit : विशुद्ध , Viśuddha -RRB- | Neck region near spine | Sri Kalahastheeswara Swami Temple | Kalahasthi | | - | Anahata -LRB- Sanskrit : अनाहत , Anāhata -RRB- | Central channel behind spine | Kashi Vishwanath Temple | Varanasi | | - | Manipooragam -LRB- Sanskrit : मणिपूर , -RRB- | Spine directly behind the navel | Arunachaleshwarar Temple | Thiruvannamalai | | - | Swathistanam -LRB- Sanskrit : स्वाधिष्ठान , Svādhiṣṭhāna -RRB- | One 's own abode | Thiruvanaikaval | Trichy | | - | Moolatharam -LRB- Sanskrit : मूलाधार , Mūlādhāra -RRB- | Basal end of the spinal column | Thyagaraja Swamy Temple | Tiruvarur | | -RCB- Category : Shiva temples ", "The Aghori -LRB- Sanskrit aghora -RRB- are ascetic Shaiva sadhus . The Aghori are known to engage in post-mortem rituals . They often dwell in charnel grounds , have been witnessed smearing cremation ashes on their bodies , and have been known to use bones from human corpses for crafting kapalas -LRB- skullcups which Shiva and other Hindu deities are often iconically depicted holding or using -RRB- and jewelry . Because of their practices that are contradictory to orthodox Hinduism , they are generally opposed by other Hindus . Many Aghori gurus command great reverence from rural populations as they are supposed to possess healing powers gained through their intensely eremitic rites and practices of renunciation and tápasya . ", "The Bhojshala -LRB- IAST : Bhojaśālā , sometimes Bhoj Shala , meaning ` Hall of Bhoja ' -RRB- is located in Dhar , Madhya Pradesh -LRB- India -RRB- . It is the site of the early 11th century centre for Sanskrit studies and temple of Sarasvatī -- the Hindu goddess of learning , music and arts -- located in the hall 's precincts . Bhojshala is attributed to celebrated King Bhoja of the Paramāra dynasty of central India , a great patron of education and arts , and to whom major Hindu Sanskrit works on poetics , yoga and architecture are attributed . The term Bhojashala became linked to a later era mosque and tombs that exist immediately next to it , an association that started in early 20th century , though the Islamic structures were built between the 14th and 15th century . Bhojshala is also an archaeological site , one which is disputed between Hindus and Muslims . The site excavation since the 19th century has yielded information on medieval era Indian religions particularly of Hinduism and Jainism , as well as a goddess statue that was housed in the British Museum but whose current location is a mystery . The site also houses the Kamal-Maula mosque with four Sufi tombs , wherein the hypostyle mosque was built primarily from demolished temple pillars and parts around 1400 CE , while the tomb of Kamal al-Din Malawi -LRB- c. 1238-1330 -RRB- is older . The Muslims use the mosque for Friday prayers and Islamic festivals , while the Hindus pray on Tuesday . The Hindu also attempt to pray to goddess Saraswati at the site particularly on Vasant Panchami festival , and this been a source of Hindu-Muslim conflicts and occasional riots when Vasant Panchami falls on a Friday . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "See.SZA.Run", "Music_of_Hungary", "SZA_-LRB-singer-RRB-", "Time_-LRB-Izabo_song-RRB-", "Morote_gari" ]

[ "See.SZA.Run is the debut mixtape by American recording artist SZA , self-released on October 29 , 2012 . After failing college and postponing Graduation school , in order to make money , SZA began recording music by accident , and decided to continue . SZA recorded songs with her friend who lived close by , in which they took production and beats from the internet . A PBR&B and neo-soul , See.SZA.Run has a diverse musical style that incorporates contemporary urban genres such as soul , hip hop , and minimalist R&B , the EP also takes influences from cloud rap and ethereal R&B as well as using witch house and chillwave elements . The production is characterized as being built over billowing synths , bombing bass and crushed beats . Upon release the extended play was met with critical acclaim from music critics , who commended the album , its lyrical content and its production , other critics compared the album to the work of musicians including Drake , The Weeknd , Miguel and Frank Ocean . To promote the extended play on October 9 , 2012 , SZA released a music video for the song `` Country '' . ", "Hungary has made many contributions to the fields of folk , popular and classical music . Hungarian folk music is a prominent part of the national identity and continues to play a major part in Hungarian music . It is also strong in the Szabolcs-Szatmár area and in the southwest part of Transdanubia , near the border with Croatia . The Busójárás carnival in Mohács is a major Hungarian folk music event , formerly featuring the long-established and well-regarded Bogyiszló orchestra . Hungarian classical music has long been an `` experiment , made from Hungarian antedecents and on Hungarian soil , to create a conscious musical culture -LSB- using the -RSB- musical world of the folk song '' . Although the Hungarian upper class has long had cultural and political connections with the rest of Europe , leading to an influx of European musical ideas , the rural peasants maintained their own traditions such that by the end of the 19th century Hungarian composers could draw on rural peasant music to -LRB- re -RRB- create a Hungarian classical style . For example , Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály , two of Hungary 's most famous composers , are known for using folk themes in their music . Bartók collected folk songs from across Eastern Europe , including Romania and Slovakia , whilst Kodály was more interested in creating a distinctively Hungarian musical style . During the era of Communist rule in Hungary -LRB- 1949 -- 1989 -RRB- a Song Committee scoured and censored popular music for traces of subversion and ideological impurity . Since then , however , the Hungarian music industry has begun to recover , producing successful performers in the fields of jazz such as trumpeter Rudolf Tomsits , pianist-composer Károly Binder and , in a modernized form of Hungarian folk , Ferenc Sebő and Márta Sebestyén . The three giants of Hungarian rock , Illés , Metró and Omega , remain very popular , especially Omega , which has followings in Germany and beyond as well as in Hungary . Older veteran underground bands such as Beatrice from the 1980s also remain popular . ", "Solána Rowe -LRB- born November 8 , 1990 -RRB- , better known by her stage name SZA -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪzə -RSB- -RRB- , is an American singer-songwriter . She was born in St. Louis , Missouri , later relocating to Maplewood , New Jersey . In October 2012 , Rowe self-released an extended play -LRB- EP -RRB- titled See.SZA.Run , which she then followed up with her second EP , titled S , in October 2013 . In July 2013 , it was revealed that she had signed to the hip hop record label Top Dawg Entertainment , through which she released Z , her third EP and first retail release , in April 2014 . SZA is a Neo Soul singer whose music is described as Alternative R&B , with elements of soul , hip hop , minimalist R&B , cloud rap , ethereal R&B , witch house and chillwave . Rowe 's lyrics are described as `` unravelling '' , that revolve around themes of sexuality , nostalgia , and abandonment . Rowe cites a variety of artists as influences including Billie Holiday , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Björk , Jamiroquai , and Wu-Tang Clan . SZA also takes influence from non-musical artists including gymnasts , ice skaters , painters , and filmmakers , including Spike Lee . ", "Time is a song by Israeli band Izabo . The song represented Israel at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 , but did not make it to the final . The song is described as a pop song with an oriental influence . Two versions of the song exist . One version is in English with the chorus in Hebrew and it was the version which was used in the Eurovision Song Contest . The other version is entirely in English . There are also two versions of the video . There is a preview video which is set in a circus where the band perform the song and are joined by various circus acts and a stop motion video which gives the effect of various facial images of the band being put up and taken down at such a high speed that it looks like they are being animated . ", "is a double leg takedown adopted later by the Kodokan into their Shinmeisho No Waza -LRB- newly accepted techniques -RRB- list . It is categorized as a hand technique , Te-waza . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Akon", "Locked_Up_-LRB-song-RRB-", "The_Weeknd", "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_iKon", "Scary_Monsters_and_Nice_Sprites_-LRB-song-RRB-" ]

[ "Aliaume Damala Badara Akon Thiam -LRB- born April 16 , 1973 -RRB- , better known as Akon -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˈeɪkɒn -RSB- -RRB- , is an American singer , rapper , songwriter , businessman , record producer and actor of Senegalese descent . He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of `` Locked Up '' , the first single from his debut album Trouble . He has since founded two successful record labels , Konvict Muzik and Kon Live Distribution . His second album , Konvicted received three nominations for the Grammy Awards in two categories , Best Contemporary R&B Album for Konvicted album and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for `` Smack That '' and `` I Wan na Love You '' . He is the first solo artist to hold both the number one and two spots simultaneously on the Billboard Hot 100 charts twice . Akon has had four songs certified as 3 × platinum , three songs certified as 2 × platinum , more than ten songs certified as 1 × platinum and more than ten songs certified as gold in digital sales . Akon has sung songs in other languages including Tamil , Hindi , and Spanish . He was listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the # 1 selling artist for master ringtones in the world . Akon often provides vocals as a featured artist and is currently credited with over 300 guest appearances and more than 35 Billboard Hot 100 songs . He has worked with numerous performers such as Michael Jackson , Eminem , Snoop Dogg , Whitney Houston , Bone Thugs-N-Harmony , and Gwen Stefani . He has had five Grammy Awards nominations and has produced songs for artists such as Lady Gaga , Colby O'Donis , Kardinal Offishall , Leona Lewis , and T-Pain . Forbes ranked Akon 80th -LRB- Power Rank -RRB- in Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 and 5th in 40 Most Powerful Celebrities in Africa list , in 2011 . Billboard ranked Akon No. 6 on the list of Top Digital Songs Artists of the decade . ", "`` Locked Up '' is the debut single by American singer Akon , taken as the lead single from his debut studio album , Trouble . The single was released in 2004 , peaking at # 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Outside the United States , `` Locked Up '' peaked within the top 10 of the charts in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom . ", "The Weeknd -LRB- born Abel Makkonen Tesfaye ; February 16 , 1990 -RRB- is a Canadian singer , songwriter , and record producer . The Weeknd initially gained recognition after anonymously uploading several songs to YouTube in late 2010 . This allowed him to release of his debut mixtape , House of Balloons , in early 2011 . He released two further independent projects later that year , Thursday and Echoes of Silence , before signing to Republic Records in September 2012 . The three mixtapes received widespread critical acclaim upon release , and proceeded the release of the compilation album Trilogy . In 2013 , he released his debut studio album Kiss Land , which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . It was later confirmed to have sold over 273,000 copies in the United States . The Weeknd released his second album , Beauty Behind the Madness , in 2015 , breaking chart records in the process . It saw him become the first ever artist to have simultaneously held the top three spots on the Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart , with `` Earned It '' , `` The Hills '' , and `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' . It also became his first number one album on the US Billboard 200 , and saw triple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . The album additionally oversaw his first Grammy Award win for Best Urban Contemporary Album , as well as `` Earned It '' winning Best R&B Performance . He won both awards at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony in 2016 . He released his third studio album , Starboy , in 2016 to generally positive critical reception . The album 's title track topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , and became The Weeknd 's third number-one single . It gave him his second consecutive number one album , which also later saw platinum certification . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , The Weeknd has won nine Juno Awards and two American Music Awards . He has also founded the record label XO , and is a producer under both his given and stage names . ", "This is a list of awards and nominations received by iKon , a South Korean boy band formed in 2015 by YG Entertainment . After their successful debut in 2015 , the group won best new artist in Mnet Asian Music Awards , MelOn Music Awards , Seoul Music Awards , Golden Disk Awards and Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards . In 2016 the group focused their activities in Japan and China , which led them win best new artist in Japan Record Award and QQ Music Awards . ", "`` Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites '' is a song by American electronic dance music producer Skrillex . It was released as the lead single from his second EP of the same name . It uses a vocal sample of exclamations from Rachael Nedrow -LRB- also known as `` speedstackinggirll '' -RRB- shouting `` Yes , oh my gosh ! '' On October 3 , 2013 , the song was certified Double Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- , with sales exceeding 2,000,000 units . It was also certified Gold within Canada , with sales exceeding 40,000 units . On February 12 , the song won Best Dance Recording at the 54th Grammy Awards . It was used in the 2012 film Spring Breakers , and an ad for GoPro titled `` Kayak Kiss with Ben Brown '' , and also the video games MLB 2K12 and Ridge Racer Unbounded . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Younger_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Daughter_-LRB-2014_film-RRB-", "The_Young_Lawyers", "The_Rich_Man's_Daughter", "The_Edge_of_Seventeen" ]

[ "Younger is an American single-camera comedy-drama television series based on the Pamela Redmond Satran novel of the same name , created and produced by Darren Star . The series stars Sutton Foster as the lead character , with Hilary Duff , Debi Mazar , Miriam Shor , Nico Tortorella , Molly Bernard and Peter Hermann co-starring in other main roles . The series premiered on March 31 , 2015 on TV Land and received generally positive reviews from critics . It was renewed for a 12-episode second season in April 2015 , but before the premiere of the second season on January 13 , 2016 , it was renewed for a third season , which began airing on September 28 , 2016 . On June 14 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a fourth season , which is scheduled to air on June 28 , 2017 . On April 20 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fifth season ahead of its fourth season premiere . ", "Daughter is a 2014 South Korean drama film directed , written , and starring Ku Hye-sun . Daughter premiered at the 19th Busan International Film Festival ahead of its theatrical release on November 6 , 2014 . ", "The Young Lawyers is an American legal drama that was aired on the ABC network for one season from September 21 , 1970 , until March 24 , 1971 . Starring Lee J. Cobb , Zalman King , Judy Pace and Phillip Clark , the show was a part of the network 's 1970 -- 71 lineup . ", "The Rich Man 's Daughter is a 2015 Philippine drama series directed by Dominic Zapata , topbilled by Rhian Ramos -LRB- previously Marian Rivera -RRB- , Glaiza de Castro and Luis Alandy . The series premiered on GMA Network and internationally via GMA Pinoy TV on May 11 , 2015 . The show ended on August 7 , 2015 on its 13-week run with the total of 65 episodes overall . ", "The Edge of Seventeen is a 2016 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Kelly Fremon Craig . The film stars Hailee Steinfeld , Woody Harrelson , Kyra Sedgwick , and Haley Lu Richardson . Principal photography began on October 21 , 2015 , in Vancouver and ended on December 3 , 2015 . The film premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 16 , 2016 , and was theatrically released on November 18 , 2016 , by STX Entertainment . It received critical acclaim and grossed just over $ 18 million against its $ 9 million budget . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Psych_-LRB-season_2-RRB-", "Who_Ya_Gonna_Call?", "Anthology_of_Interest_II", "Grotesque_-LRB-The_X-Files-RRB-", "The_X-Files_-LRB-franchise-RRB-" ]

[ "The second season of Psych originally aired in the United States on USA Network from July 13 , 2007 to February 15 , 2008 . It consisted of 16 episodes . James Roday , Dulé Hill , Timothy Omundson , Maggie Lawson , and Corbin Bernsen reprised their roles as the main characters , and Kirsten Nelson joined the main cast . James Roday portrayed Shawn Spencer , a fake psychic detective who periodically consults for the Santa Barbara police department . A DVD of the season was released on July 8 , 2008 . ", "`` Who Ya Gon na Call ? '' is the seventh episode of the first season of the American comedy-drama television series Psych . It was written by co-executive producers Jack Sakmar and Kerry Lenhart , and was directed by Michael Lange . The episode originally aired on USA Network in the United States on August 18 , 2006 . The installment features guest appearances by Kirsten Nelson , Sage Brocklebank , Frank Whaley , and Nico McEown among others . The title refers to the song Ghostbusters , written and performed by Ray Parker Jr. . The series follows Shawn Spencer -LRB- James Roday -RRB- and his colleague and best friend Burton `` Gus '' Guster -LRB- Dulé Hill -RRB- , who claim to operate a psychic detective agency ; it is actually based on Shawn 's hyperobservant ability . In the episode , an obviously disturbed man requests help from the two , believing that he is being haunted . Upon investigation , they decide it is actually the man 's ex-girlfriend but find she is engaged and could not be the `` ghost '' . After an attempt on their lives , Shawn and Gus look through the man 's house again , finding a room full of women 's belongings , where Shawn realizes the man has Dissociative Identity Disorder and is the perpetrator of a murder spree . They rush to where they think the man is and prevent one of his other personalities from murdering a doctor . `` Who Ya Gon na Call ? '' received generally positive reviews from critics . At the time of its broadcast , the installment was considered to be one of the best episodes of the first season . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode was watched by approximately 4.80 million viewers during its original broadcast and received a 1.5 / 4 share in the 18-49 demographic . ", "`` Anthology of Interest II '' is the 18th episode of Futuramas third season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 6 , 2002 . This episode , as well as the earlier `` Anthology of Interest I '' , serves to showcase three `` imaginary '' stories . ", "`` Grotesque '' is the fourteenth episode of the third season of the science fiction television series The X-Files and the show 's 63rd episode overall . It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on February 2 , 1996 . It was written by Howard Gordon and directed by Kim Manners . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . `` Grotesque '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 11.6 , being watched by 18.32 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder -LRB- David Duchovny -RRB- and Dana Scully -LRB- Gillian Anderson -RRB- who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Mulder and Scully investigate a serial killer who claims a gargoyle spirit committed the crimes . When Mulder joins the case , his obsession with solving it causes Scully to question his sanity . Gordon was inspired to write the episode after walking down the streets of New York and seeing several stone gargoyles on the corner , staring at him . Gordon developed the concept with series creator Chris Carter , who suggested the addition of more psychological aspects to the episode . Originally , the teaser was planned to be filmed at a Catholic hospital , but the shot was relocated to the site of a historic post office after concerns were raised about attaching a fake gargoyle to the building . ", "The X-Files is an American science fiction -- thriller media franchise created by Chris Carter . The franchise generally focused on paranormal or unexplained happenings . The first franchise release -- simply titled The X-Files -- debuted in September 1993 and ended in May 2002 . The show was a hit for Fox , and its characters and slogans -LRB- e.g. , `` The Truth Is Out There '' , `` Trust No One '' , `` I Want to Believe '' -RRB- became pop culture touchstones in the 1990s . 1996 saw the premiere of a second series set in the same universe but covering a storyline independent of the X-Files mythology , titled Millennium . In 1998 , the first X-Files feature film titled The X-Files was released , eventually grossing over $ 180 million . A spin-off -- The Lone Gunmen -- was released in 2001 and abruptly canceled . Six years after the initial television series was canceled , another film -- The X-Files : I Want to Believe -- was released . In January 2016 , a tenth season of The X-Files aired , featuring Carter as executive producer and writer , and starring David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson . An eleventh season will premiere in the 2017-18 television season . In addition to film and television , The X-Files franchise has expanded into other media , including books , video games , and comic books . These supplements to the film and television series have resulted in significant development of the show 's fictional universe and mythology . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Punch-Drunk_Love", "Crying_Out_in_Love", "Love_Will_Tear_Us_Apart_-LRB-1999_film-RRB-", "No_Regrets_About_Youth", "Sandarbham" ]

[ "Punch-Drunk Love is a 2002 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Adam Sandler , Emily Watson , Philip Seymour Hoffman , Luis Guzmán , and Mary Lynn Rajskub . After the release of his previous film Magnolia -LRB- which ran over three hours -RRB- , Anderson stated that he would like to work with Adam Sandler in the future and that he was determined to make his next film ninety minutes long . The film was produced by Revolution Studios and New Line Cinema , and distributed by Columbia Pictures ; it features the video art of Jeremy Blake in the form of visual interludes . The film received positive reviews from critics , with Sandler 's performance receiving critical praise , but just failed to recoup its production budget at the box office . ", "Crying Out In Love is a 2016 Chinese romance film directed and co-written by Kwak Jae-yong , starring Oho Ou , Zhang Huiwen and Yang Zi . The film is an adaptation of Kyoichi Katayama 's 2004 novel Socrates in Love . It was released by Beijing Enlight Pictures on 26 August 2016 . ", "Love Will Tear Us Apart is a 1999 Hong Kong drama film written and directed by Yu Lik-wai , produced by and starring Tony Leung Ka-fai . It was entered into the 1999 Cannes Film Festival . ", "No Regrets About Youth is a 1992 film by Zhou Xiaowen . The film explores the redevelopment of Beijing in the 1990s . In the film a bulldozer operator destroys a siheyuan courtyard house that is the residence of his girlfriend . Xiaoping Lin , author of Children of Marx and Coca-Cola : Chinese Avant-Garde Art and Independent Cinema , wrote that the scene compares the destruction of the house to a rape of a woman . ", "` Sandarbham ' is a 1984 Malayalam film directed by Joshy , written by Cochin Haneefa , screenplay by Kaloor Dennis , and starring Mammootty , Sukumaran , Saritha , Seema , P. K. Abraham , K. P. A. C. Sunny and Unni Mary . The film is a typical tear-buster family-drama tragedy of the 1980s . Films of this genre typically featured a happy family in the beginning with a well placed husband cum father , a young mother and a girl child in the age of 3-4 . Due the end , the family gets into a whirlpool of relationship problems . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Punch-Drunk_Love", "Crying_Out_in_Love", "Love_Will_Tear_Us_Apart_-LRB-1999_film-RRB-", "No_Regrets_About_Youth", "Sandarbham" ]

[ "Punch-Drunk Love is a 2002 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Adam Sandler , Emily Watson , Philip Seymour Hoffman , Luis Guzmán , and Mary Lynn Rajskub . After the release of his previous film Magnolia -LRB- which ran over three hours -RRB- , Anderson stated that he would like to work with Adam Sandler in the future and that he was determined to make his next film ninety minutes long . The film was produced by Revolution Studios and New Line Cinema , and distributed by Columbia Pictures ; it features the video art of Jeremy Blake in the form of visual interludes . The film received positive reviews from critics , with Sandler 's performance receiving critical praise , but just failed to recoup its production budget at the box office . ", "Crying Out In Love is a 2016 Chinese romance film directed and co-written by Kwak Jae-yong , starring Oho Ou , Zhang Huiwen and Yang Zi . The film is an adaptation of Kyoichi Katayama 's 2004 novel Socrates in Love . It was released by Beijing Enlight Pictures on 26 August 2016 . ", "Love Will Tear Us Apart is a 1999 Hong Kong drama film written and directed by Yu Lik-wai , produced by and starring Tony Leung Ka-fai . It was entered into the 1999 Cannes Film Festival . ", "No Regrets About Youth is a 1992 film by Zhou Xiaowen . The film explores the redevelopment of Beijing in the 1990s . In the film a bulldozer operator destroys a siheyuan courtyard house that is the residence of his girlfriend . Xiaoping Lin , author of Children of Marx and Coca-Cola : Chinese Avant-Garde Art and Independent Cinema , wrote that the scene compares the destruction of the house to a rape of a woman . ", "` Sandarbham ' is a 1984 Malayalam film directed by Joshy , written by Cochin Haneefa , screenplay by Kaloor Dennis , and starring Mammootty , Sukumaran , Saritha , Seema , P. K. Abraham , K. P. A. C. Sunny and Unni Mary . The film is a typical tear-buster family-drama tragedy of the 1980s . Films of this genre typically featured a happy family in the beginning with a well placed husband cum father , a young mother and a girl child in the age of 3-4 . Due the end , the family gets into a whirlpool of relationship problems . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Georgians", "Colchis", "Kingdom_of_Iberia", "Meshan", "Sumbat_Davitis_Dze" ]

[ "The Georgians or Kartvelians -LRB- -LSB- ქართველები , tr -RSB- -RRB- are a nation and ethnic group who constitute a majority of the population in Georgia . Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia , Turkey , Greece , Iran , Ukraine , United States , and to a lesser extent throughout the European Union . Georgians arose from the ancient Colchian and Iberian civilizations . After Christianization of Iberia by Saint Nino they became one of the first who embraced the faith of Jesus in the early 4th century and now the majority of Georgians are Eastern Orthodox Christians and most follow their national autocephalous Georgian Orthodox Church . There are also small Georgian Catholic and Muslim communities in Tbilisi and Adjara , as well as a significant number of irreligious Georgians . A complex process of nation formation has resulted in a diverse set of geographic subgroups of Georgians , each with its characteristic traditions , manners , dialects and , in the case of Svans and Mingrelians , own regional languages . The Georgian language , with its own unique writing system and extensive written tradition , which goes back to the 5th century , is the official language of Georgia as well as the language of education of all Georgians living in the country . Located on the crossroads of predominantly Christian Europe and Muslim Western Asia , Georgian people have maintained their Christian identity in the face of great pressure from neighboring Muslim empires . By the early 11th century they formed a unified Kingdom of Georgia and inaugurated the Georgian Golden Age , a height of political and cultural power of the nation . This lasted until being weakened by Mongol invasions , as well as internal divisions following the death of George V the Brilliant , the last of the great kings of Georgia . Thereafter and throughout the early modern period Georgians became politically fractured and fell into decline due to the onslaught of various hostile empires , including the Ottoman Empire and successive dynasties of Persia . To ensure Georgia 's survival , in 1783 Heraclius II of Georgia forged an alliance with the Russian Empire , which Georgians viewed as a replacement for their fallen traditional ally -- Byzantine Empire . The Russo-Georgian alliance , however , backfired as Russia was unwilling to fulfill the terms of the treaty , proceeding to annex the troubled kingdom in 1801 . Georgians briefly reasserted their independence from Russia under the First Georgian Republic from 1918-1921 , and finally , in 1991 from the Soviet Union . ", "Colchis -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɒlkɪs -RSB- კოლხეთი Kolkheti ; Greek Κολχίς Kolkhis -RRB- was an ancient kingdom and region on the coast of the Black Sea , centered in present-day western Georgia . It has been described in modern scholarship as `` the earliest Georgian formation '' which , along with the Kingdom of Iberia , would later contribute significantly to the development of the medieval Georgian statehood and the Georgian nation . Internationally , Colchis is perhaps best known for its role in Greek mythology , most notably as the destination of the Argonauts , as well as the home to Medea and the Golden fleece . It was also described as a land rich with gold , iron , timber and honey that would export it 's resources mostly to ancient Greece . Colchis was populated by Colchians , an early Kartvelian-speaking tribe , ancestral to the contemporary Western Georgians , namely Svans and Mingrelians , as well as the related Lazs . Its geography is mostly assigned to what is now the western part of Georgia and encompasses the present-day Georgian provinces of Samegrelo , Imereti , Guria , Adjara , Abkhazeti , Svaneti , Racha ; modern Russia 's Sochi and Tuapse districts ; and present-day Turkey 's Rize , Trabzon and Artvin provinces . ", "In Greco-Roman geography , Iberia -LRB- Ancient Greek : Ἰβηρία Hiberia -RRB- was an exonymic name for a Georgian kingdom of Kartli , known after its core province , which during Classical Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages was a significant monarchy in the Caucasus , either as an independent state or as a dependent of larger empires , notably the Sassanid and Roman empires . Iberia , centered on present-day Eastern Georgia , was bordered by Colchis in the west , Caucasian Albania in the east and Armenia in the south . Its population , the Iberians , formed the nucleus of the Georgians -LRB- Kartvelians -RRB- . Iberia , ruled by Pharnavazid , Arsacid and Chosroid royal dynasties , together with Colchis to its west , would form the nucleus of the unified medieval Kingdom of Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty . In the 4th century , after Christianization of Iberia by Saint Nino during the reign of King Mirian III Christiantity was made the state religion of the kingdom . Starting in the early 6th century AD , the kingdom 's position as a Sassanian vassal state was changed into effectively direct Persian rule . In 580 , king Hormizd IV -LRB- 578-590 -RRB- abolished the monarchy after the death of King Bakur III , and Iberia became a Persian province ruled by a marzpan -LRB- governor -RRB- . The term `` Caucasian Iberia '' is also being used to distinguish it from the Iberian Peninsula in Western Europe . ", "Meshan -LRB- Middle Persian : ð - ¬ ð - © ð - ± ð - ð - -RRB- was a province of the Sasanian Empire . It consisted of the Parthian vassal kingdoms of Mesene and Characene and reached north along the Shatt al-Arab river and then the lower Tigris to Madhar and possibly further . Its inhabitants included Babylonians , Arabs , Iranians , and even some Indians and Malays -LRB- the Malays may have been slaves brought from the Indian sub-continent -RRB- . The province was very fertile , the best place for barley according to Strabo , and contained many date palms . It was also an important trading province along th ", "Sumbat Davitis Dze , or Sumbat , son of David , in modern English transliteration , was the 11th-century Georgian chronicler who described in his The Life and Tale of the Bagratids the history of the Bagrationi dynasty of Georgia from the beginnings until c. 1030 . The Georgian scholar Ekvtime Takaishvili has demonstrated that Sumbat belonged to that dynasty . The author is notable for his articulation of the Bagratid claim to be descended from the biblical King-Prophet David . " ]

[ 0, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Mutiny_on_the_Bounty_-LRB-1935_film-RRB-", "Mutiny_on_the_Bounty_-LRB-1962_film-RRB-", "Whale_Adventure", "The_Lost_Fleet-COLON-_Dauntless", "Avalon_-LRB-novel-RRB-" ]

[ "Mutiny on the Bounty is an 1935 American drama film directed by Frank Lloyd and starring Charles Laughton and Clark Gable , based on the Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall novel Mutiny on the Bounty . The film was one of the biggest hits of its time . Although its historical accuracy has been questioned -LRB- inevitably , as it is based on a novel -RRB- , film critics consider this adaptation to be the best cinematic work inspired by the mutiny . ", "Mutiny on the Bounty is a 1962 American Technicolor epic historical drama film starring Marlon Brando , Trevor Howard and Richard Harris , based on the novel Mutiny on the Bounty by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall . The film retells the 1789 real-life mutiny aboard HMAV Bounty led by Fletcher Christian against the ship 's captain , William Bligh . It is the second American film to be made from the novel , the first being Mutiny on the Bounty -LRB- 1935 -RRB- . It was directed by Lewis Milestone , who replaced Carol Reed early in the production schedule , and it turned out to be Milestone 's final film . The screenplay was written by Charles Lederer -LRB- with uncredited input from Eric Ambler , William L. Driscoll , Borden Chase , John Gay and Ben Hecht -RRB- . The score was composed by Bronisław Kaper . Mutiny on the Bounty was filmed in the Ultra Panavision 70 widescreen process , the first motion picture so credited . It was partly shot on location in the South Pacific . Behind the scenes , Marlon Brando effectively took over directing duties himself and caused it to become far behind schedule and over budget -- resulting in director Carol Reed pulling out of the project and being replaced by Lewis Milestone who is credited as director of the picture . The film was heavily panned , and was considered a box office bomb , having lost over $ 6 million . A replica of the Bounty was constructed for the film . Fifty years after the release of the film , the vessel sank in Hurricane Sandy with loss of life . ", "Whale Adventure is a 1960 children 's book by the Canadian-born American author Willard Price featuring his `` Adventure '' series characters , Hal and Roger Hunt . The novel depicts Hal and Roger 's journey on a whaling ship with anachronistic , nineteenth century features such as harpooning by hand , hard tack , the brig , and keel-hauling . Price borrows the setting and many key events from Herman Melville 's Moby-Dick . A scientist travels in the ship as a passenger . The captain of the ship does not agree to accommodate any more passengers , so the only way the boys may join the journey is to join the crew . Roger defends a captured sperm whale against a group of sharks and later a pack of killer whales . This novel also explain how clever killer whales are . The captain of the ship is a ruthless man who tortures and punishes the crew . He is beaten by Hal in a hand-to-hand fight . When an old sailor , who is pulled over the sea as a punishment , is eaten by a shark , the crew takes the control of the ship , confining the captain and his henchman in the cage . In the end of the story , their ship was destroyed by a sperm whale and they were saved by a modern whaler with a whale-spotting helicopter . Category :1960 American novels Category : Novels by Willard Price Category : Jonathan Cape books Category :1960 children 's books Category : Whales in fiction Category : Children 's novels about animals ", "The Lost Fleet : Dauntless is a science fiction novel by American writer Jack Campbell , the first in his The Lost Fleet series , published in 2006 . Dauntless sets the stage for the six novel saga about a fleet of over 200 ships trapped deep behind enemy lines and cut off from traveling to their home territory . ", "Avalon is a 1965 novel by the American author Anya Seton . It is a fictional story about Saint Rumon and Merewyn , set against a broad historical background of Anglo-Saxon England and the Viking expansion to Iceland and Greenland . It follows their journey and acceptance into the English royal court , Merewyn 's kidnapping by Vikings , Rumon 's epic search for her and their ultimate reunion back in England . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "Louis_Malle", "Charles_Drelincourt_-LRB-1633-1697-RRB-", "Anatole_Mallet", "Charles_T._Kresge", "Cornelis_van_Spaendonck" ]

[ "Louis Marie Malle -LRB- -LSB- mal -RSB- ; 30 October 1932 -- 23 November 1995 -RRB- was a French film director , screenwriter , and producer . His film Le Monde du silence won the Palme d'Or in 1956 and the Academy Award for Best Documentary in 1957 , although he was not credited at the ceremony with the award instead being presented to the film 's co-director Jacques Cousteau . Later in his career he was nominated multiple times for Academy Awards . Malle is also one of the few directors to have won the Golden Lion multiple times . Malle worked in both French cinema and Hollywood , and he produced both French and English language films . His most famous films include the crime film Ascenseur pour l'échafaud -LRB- 1958 -RRB- , the World War II drama Lacombe , Lucien -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , the romantic crime film Atlantic City -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , the comedy-drama My Dinner with Andre -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , and the autobiographical film Au revoir les enfants -LRB- 1987 -RRB- . ", "Charles Drelincourt was a French physician . ", "Jules T. Anatole Mallet -LRB- 23 May 1837 -- 10 October 1919 -RRB- was a Swiss mechanical engineer , who was the inventor of the first successful compound system for a railway steam locomotive , patented in 1874 . In 1876 he introduced a series of small 2-cylinder compound 0-4-2 tank locomotives for the Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz Railway in France . He subsequently designed an articulated compound system with a rigid chassis at the rear carrying two high-pressure cylinders plus two low-pressure ones mounted on an articulated front driving truck , patented in 1884 with full rights granted in 1885 . This was first used for a series of narrow gauge locomotives specially built by the Decauville Company in 1888 for the Paris Exposition of 1889 . This arrangement became known as the Mallet locomotive . He was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1908 . ", "Charles T. Kresge is a chemist and retired Chief Technology Officer -LRB- CTO -RRB- of Saudi Aramco . He was R&D Vice President at the Dow Chemical Company . His area of expertise is inorganic synthesis and his primary field of research is in the area of crystalline aluminosilicate materials , particularly for the discovery of mesoporous molecular sieves . ", "Cornelis van Spaendonck -LRB- 7 December 1756 -- 22 December 1839 -RRB- was a Dutch painter who was a native of Tilburg . Spaendonck initially worked under artist Guillaume-Jacques Herreyns -LRB- 1743 -- 1827 -RRB- in Antwerp , and in 1773 moved to Paris to study and work with his brother , floral painter Gérard van Spaendonck -LRB- 1746 -- 1822 -RRB- . From 1785 to 1800 , Cornelis van Spaendonck was head of the porcelain works at Sèvres . Due to difficulties encountered as an administrator , he was relieved of his directorship in 1800 , but remained at Sèvres as a designer and artist until 1808 . In 1789 Spaendonck became a member of the Académie des Beaux Arts . He painted throughout his lifetime , displaying his works in the salons of Paris until 1833 . Most of Spaendonck 's works were created with oils and gouache , and he is remembered for his lush still-lifes of flowers . Among his paintings were subjects such as De Fleurs Et Fruits , Vase De Fleurs , Bouquet De Different Fleurs , Fleurs Du Jardin , Corbeille Fleurs , et al. . At the time of his death in 1840 there were 29 paintings in his studio , works that were auctioned soon afterwards . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Nobuo_Matsunaga", "1969_Japan_Soccer_League", "Hirotaka_Iida", "Shinobu_Ikeda", "Japan_national_football_team" ]

[ "was a Japanese football player . ", "The 1969 season in Japanese football . ", "is a former Japanese football player . ", "is a former Japanese football player . He played for Japan national team . ", "The represents Japan in association football and is operated by the Japan Football Association -LRB- JFA -RRB- , the governing body for association football in Japan . The current head coach is Vahid Halilhodžić . Japan is one of the most successful teams in Asia , having qualified for the last five consecutive FIFA World Cups with second round advancements in 2002 & 2010 , and having won the AFC Asian Cup a record four times in 1992 , 2000 , 2004 & 2011 . The team has also finished second in the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup . Their principal continental rivals are South Korea and , most recently , Australia . Japan is the only team from outside the Americas to participate in the Copa América , having been invited in 1999 and 2011 . Although they initially accepted the invitation for the 2011 tournament , the JFA later withdrew following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami . The Japanese team is commonly known by the fans and media as , , or as abbreviated expressions . Although the team does not have an official nickname as such , it is often known by the name of the manager . For example , under Takeshi Okada , the team was known as . Recently the team has been known or nicknamed as the `` Samurai Blue '' , while Japanese news media still refer it to by the manager 's last name , as , or in an abbreviated form . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ronaldinho", "José_Rodrigues_Neto", "Jonas_Eduardo_Américo", "Alvito_D'Cunha", "1996_Campeonato_Brasileiro_Série_A" ]

[ "Ronaldo de Assis Moreira -LRB- born 21 March 1980 -RRB- , commonly known as Ronaldinho -LRB- -LSB- ʁonawˈdʒĩɲu -RSB- -RRB- or Ronaldinho Gaúcho , is a Brazilian professional footballer and current club ambassador for Spanish club FC Barcelona after signing for them in September 2016 . His main playing position is as an attacking midfielder or forward . He won the FIFA World Player of the Year award in 2004 and 2005 . Renowned for his technique , tricks , dribbling , overhead kicks , no-look passes and free kicks , Ronaldinho is regarded to be one of the best players of his generation . `` Ronaldinho '' , the lengthened term of endearment for `` Ronaldo '' , is accompanied in Brazilian usage by the nickname `` Gaúcho '' -LRB- since he hails from southern Brazil -RRB- , in order to distinguish him from fellow footballer and countryman Ronaldo , who was known as `` Ronaldinho '' in Brazil beforehand . Ronaldo went by his first name upon his move to Europe , thereby allowing Ronaldinho to drop the `` Gaúcho '' and go by the name Ronaldinho abroad . Ronaldinho has played 97 matches and scored 33 goals for the Brazil national team . He was an integral part of the 2002 FIFA World Cup-winning team in Korea and Japan , starring alongside Ronaldo and Rivaldo in an attacking trio , and was named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team . At club level , Ronaldinho played first for the Brazilian club Grêmio before spending the bulk of his career with European clubs Paris Saint-Germain , Barcelona and Milan . He then returned to Brazil to play for Flamengo and Atlético Mineiro before moving to Mexico to play for Querétaro . With Barcelona , he won La Liga twice , the UEFA Champions League in 2006 and accumulated numerous individual awards , including the FIFA World Player of the Year in 2004 and 2005 and the Ballon d'Or in 2005 . Ronaldinho was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the world 's greatest living players compiled by Pelé , and to the FIFPro World XI from 2005 -- 2007 . ", "José Rodrigues Neto -LRB- born in Central de Minas , Minas Gerais , 6 December 1949 -RRB- is a former Brazilian football fullback and manager . During his career -LRB- 1965 -- 1984 -RRB- he played for the following Brazilian clubs : Vitória , Flamengo , Fluminense , Botafogo , Internacional , São Cristóvão . He also played in Argentina with Ferro Carril Oeste and Boca Juniors , and closed his career in Hong Kong with South China and Eastern club teams . He won four Rio de Janeiro State League -LRB- 1967 , 1972 , 1974 , 1976 -RRB- , two Rio Grande do Sul State League -LRB- 1981 , 1982 -RRB- and one Guanabara Cup -LRB- 1970 -RRB- . For the Brazil national football team he got 11 international caps from July 1972 to June 1978 , he did not score any goals , and played four matches in the 1978 FIFA World Cup . Rodrigues Neto was widely desirable due to his ability to utilize both legs . He was able to overcome his adversaries by kicking with both right or left legs ", "Jonas Eduardo Américo , called Edu , -LRB- born 6 August 1949 -RRB- is a former Brazilian footballer . Edu was born in Jaú , São Paulo . From 1966 to 1985 he played for Santos , Corinthians , Internacional , Tigres UANL -LRB- in Mexico -RRB- , São Cristovão and Nacional Fast Clube . He won five Campeonato Paulista titles -LRB- 1967 , 1968 , 1969 , 1973 , 1977 -RRB- and received the Brazilian Silver Ball Award in 1971 . With the Brazilian team he played in 42 matches , from June 1966 to June 1976 , and scored eight goals . He was a 1970 World Champion , and was also selected for Brazil at the 1966 and the 1974 FIFA World Cup . He played once in 1970 and once in 1974 . He was also called up for the 1966 FIFA World Cup , at 16 years and 339 days of age at the start of the tournament , being the youngest player to ever be called up for the tournament ; however , he did not play in any match . More recently Edu played in an all-stars masters team in touring exhibition matches . ", "Alvito Ronaldo Correia D'Cunha -LRB- born 12 July 1978 in Sanvordem -RRB- is a Retired football player from India . He is a former member of the Indian team and represented India in the 2002 world cup qualifiers . He played for East Bengal as a left winger for a long span of 14 seasons.He retired at the start of 2016 season as the club has predictably not included Alvito D'Cunha in the squad . He previously played for Salgaocar SC -LRB- 1998 -- 2002 -RRB- and Sesa SC -LRB- 1997 -- 1998 -RRB- . He made a start after a few years for East Bengal against Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C. in the inaugural match of the Calcutta Premier Division 2013 , where he scored from a penalty on the 15th minute , and assisted his state-mate Joaquim Abranches with a forward through pass to score his first goal for the Kolkata-based side . ", "The 1996 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 40th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , was played between August 8 and December 15 , 1996 . It had 24 teams and divided into two stages . In the first one , every team played against each other once . After 23 rounds , top eight clubs qualified to next stage , and the bottom two were supposed to be relegated , but CBF decided to keep Fluminense and Bragantino in Série A after the season was over . Final stage was played in elimination system with home-and-away matches . The club with better record during first stage had the advantage to qualify in case of a draw . In the end , Grêmio won their second championship in history based on this rule . They were defeated by runners-up Portuguesa 2-0 at Morumbi Stadium , but came back on second leg , winning by the same score at their home ground , Olímpico Stadium in Porto Alegre . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Parkinson's_disease", "Bartonellosis", "Tick-borne_encephalitis", "Listeriosis_in_animals", "Kyrle_disease" ]

[ "Parkinson 's disease -LRB- PD -RRB- is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA -LRB- levodopa -RRB- , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day -LRB- on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April -RRB- and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali . ", "Bartonellosis is an infectious disease produced by bacteria of the genus Bartonella . Bartonella species cause diseases such as Carrión ´ s disease , trench fever , cat-scratch disease , bacillary angiomatosis , peliosis hepatis , chronic bacteremia , endocarditis , chronic lymphadenopathy , and neurological disorders . ", "Tick-borne encephalitis -LRB- TBE -RRB- is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system . The disease most often manifests as meningitis , encephalitis , or meningoencephalitis . Although TBE is most commonly recognized as a neurological disorder , mild fever can also occur . Long-lasting or permanent neuropsychiatric sequelae are observed in 10 to 20 % of infected patients . The number of reported cases has been increasing in most countries . The tick-borne encephalitis virus is known to infect a range of hosts including ruminants , birds , rodents , carnivores , horses and humans . The disease can also be zoonotic , with ruminants and dogs providing the principal source of infection for humans . TBE , like Lyme disease , is one of the many tick-borne diseases . ", "Listeriosis is an infectious but not contagious disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes , far more common in domestics animals -LRB- domestic mammals and poultry -RRB- , especially ruminants , than in human beings . It can also occur in feral animals -- among others , game animals -- as well as in poultry and other birds . The causative bacterium lives in the soil and in poorly made silage and is acquired by ingestion . It is not contagious ; over the course of 30-year observation period of sheep disease in Morocco , the disease only appeared in the late 2000s -LRB- decade -RRB- when feeding bag-ensiled corn became common . In Iceland , the disease is called `` silage sickness '' . The disease is usually sporadic , but can occur as farm outbreaks in ruminants . Three main forms are usually recognized throughout the affected species : encephalitis , the most common form in ruminants late abortion gastro-intestinal septicemia with liver damage , in monogastric species as well as in preruminant calves and lambs Listeriosis in animals can rarely be cured with antibiotics -LRB- tetracyclines , chloramphenicol and benzyl penicillin also -RRB- when diagnosed early , in goats , for example , by treating upon first noticing the disease 's characteristic expression in the animal 's face , but is generally fatal . ", "Kyrle disease or hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans is identified as a form of an acquired perforating disease . Other major perforating diseases are elastosis perforans serpiginosa and reactive perforating collagenosis . Recently , however , there is a controversy on categorizing Kyrle disease with perforating dermatosis or a subtype of acquired perforating collagenosis . Kyrle disease was first described by Josef Kyrle in 1916 when a diabetic woman presented generalized hyperkeratotic nodules . The disease is distinguished by large papules with central keratin plus on the skin , usually on the legs of the patient and is often in conjunction with hepatic , renal or diabetic disorders . It can affect both females and males with a 6:1 ratio . The papules usually show up on the patient with an average age of 30 years . Kyrle disease is a rare disease unless there is a high count of patients with chronic renal failure . The disease seems to be more prevalent in African Americans , which can be correlated to the high incidence of diabetes mellitus and renal failure in the population . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ice-T", "Power_-LRB-Ice-T_album-RRB-", "Ices_-LRB-Lia_Ices_album-RRB-", "Ice_Cream_Truck_-LRB-song-RRB-", "It's_Dark_and_Hell_Is_Hot" ]

[ "Tracy Lauren Marrow -LRB- born February 16 , 1958 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Ice-T , is an American rapper , metal vocalist and actor . He began his career as a rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987 , when he released his debut album Rhyme Pays , one of the first hip-hop albums to carry an explicit content sticker . The next year , he founded the record label Rhyme $ yndicate Records -LRB- named after his collective of fellow hip-hop artists called the ` Rhyme $ yndicate ' -RRB- and released another album , Power . He co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count , which he introduced in his 1991 album O.G. : Original Gangster . Body Count released its self-titled debut album in 1992 . Ice-T encountered controversy over his track `` Cop Killer '' , which was perceived to glamorize killing police officers . Ice-T asked to be released from his contract with Warner Bros. . Records , and his next solo album , Home Invasion , was released later in February 1993 through Priority Records . Body Count 's next album was released in 1994 , and Ice-T released two more albums in the late 1990s . Since 2000 , he has portrayed NYPD Detective/Sergeant Odafin Tutuola on the NBC police drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . On August 1 , 2006 the fourth Body Count album Murder 4 Hire was released , then Manslaughter on June 10 , 2014 and followed by Bloodlust on March 31st , 2017 . ", "Power is the second studio album by American hip hop artist Tracy Marrow under the alias of Ice-T . The album , recorded at Syndicate Studios West in Los Angeles , the home studio of DJ Evil E , was produced by Marrow and Afrika Islam . The Los Angeles Daily News noted that Powers themes ranged from sex , to gun violence and that Marrow `` implicates everyone from radio programmers to the police as accomplices in the decline of western civilisation . '' The album contains lyrics which began a feud between Marrow and rapper LL Cool J. Released on September 13 , 1988 , by Sire Records the album cover features Marrow 's girlfriend Darlene Ortiz and was described as `` perpetuating stereotypes '' by The Chicago Tribune and `` violence-glorifying '' by both the Chicago Sun Times and The Sydney Morning Herald . Two singles were released from the album : `` I 'm Your Pusher '' and `` High Rollers '' . The album was certified Platinum by 2006 . Music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that on its release , Power received `` strong reviews '' and continued to receive positive retrospective reviews from music guides such as AllMusic , The Rolling Stone Album Guide and the Spin Alternative Record Guide . ", "Ices is the third studio album by American singer Lia Ices . It was released in September 2014 under Jagjaguwar Records . ", "Not to be confused with `` Ice Cream Truck '' from NHB . `` Ice Cream Truck '' is a song by American rapper Cazwell . The song has been described as a light , easy and '80s - sounding hip-hop song that uses an xylophone to emulate a jingle played on an ice cream truck . The single was released in August 2010 , and is a track on the deluxe edition of Cazwell 's second album Watch My Mouth . `` Ice Cream Truck '' was written and produced by Cazwell and Chris Bracco , originally for the 2010 film Spork , which was written and directed by J.B. Ghuman Jr. but did not plan to have a commercial release until Cazwell 's manager suggested doing a video for the song . The video , which was directed by Marco Ovando , premiered on YouTube on July 30 , 2010 , and received over 1 million views within a week . ", "It 's Dark and Hell Is Hot is the debut studio album by American rapper DMX . It was released on May 12 , 1998 in North America , and released on May 19 , 1998 in the United Kingdom , by Ruff Ryders Entertainment and Def Jam Recordings . It was supported by four singles -- `` Get at Me Dog '' , `` Stop Being Greedy '' , `` Ruff Ryders Anthem '' and `` How 's It Goin ' Down '' , in order of release -- and their accompanying music videos . It primarily features production from Dame Grease and PK , with additional production from Swizz Beats and Irv Gotti & Lil Rob , on one and two tracks , respectively . The album is widely considered a classic among hip hop fans and critics . " ]

[ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "General_Motors", "Ansted", "National_Motor_Vehicle_Company", "1994_in_motoring", "Mark_Reuss" ]

[ "General Motors Company , commonly known as GM , is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit , Michigan , that designs , manufactures , markets , and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts , and sells financial services . With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit , Michigan , United States , GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries . In 2008 , 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands . 10 million cars sold milestone was exceeded on 2016 . Current auto brands are Buick , Cadillac , Chevrolet , GMC , Holden , and Wuling . Former GM automotive brands include McLaughlin , Oakland , Oldsmobile , Pontiac , Hummer , Saab , Saturn , Vauxhall , and Opel . The company was founded by William C. Durant on September 16 , 1908 as a holding company . The company was the largest automobile manufacturer from 1931 through 2007 . In addition to brands selling assembled vehicles , GM has also had various automotive-component and non-automotive brands , many of which it divested in the 1980s through 2000s . These have included Euclid and Terex -LRB- earthmoving/construction/mining equipment & vehicles -RRB- ; Electro-Motive Diesel -LRB- locomotive , marine , and industrial diesel engines -RRB- ; Detroit Diesel -LRB- automotive and industrial diesel engines -RRB- ; Allison -LRB- Aircraft engines , transmissions , gas turbine engines -RRB- ; Frigidaire -LRB- Appliances including refrigeration and air conditioning -RRB- ; New Departure -LRB- bearings -RRB- ; Delco Electronics and ACDelco -LRB- electrical and electronic components -RRB- ; GMAC -LRB- finance -RRB- ; General Aviation and North American Aviation -LRB- airplanes -RRB- ; GM Defense -LRB- military vehicles -RRB- ; and Electronic Data Systems -LRB- information technology -RRB- . General Motors produces vehicles in 37 countries under twelve brands : Chevrolet , Buick , GMC , Cadillac , Holden , HSV , Opel , Vauxhall , Wuling , Baojun , Jie Fang , and Ravon . The current company , General Motors Company -LRB- `` new GM '' -RRB- , was formed in 2009 following the bankruptcy of General Motors Corporation -LRB- `` old GM '' -RRB- , which became Motors Liquidation Company . The new company purchased the majority of the assets of the old GM , including the brand `` General Motors '' . ", "The Ansted was an American automobile ; successor to the Lexington and the Ansted-Lexington , it was manufactured from 1926 to 1927 . Following the sale of the Lexington plant in Connersville , Indiana to Auburn , the company marketed its last cars as Ansteds . They were the same as Lexingtons , differing only in their radiators , emblems , and hubcaps . Category : Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States Category : Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Indiana Category : Vintage vehicles Category : Defunct companies based in Indiana ", "The National Motor Vehicle Company was an American manufacturer of automobiles in Indianapolis , Indiana between 1900 and 1924 . One of its presidents , Arthur C. Newby , was also one of the investors who created the Indianapolis Motor Speedway . The company first concentrated on electric vehicles but soon began producing gasoline-engined cars . National produced a range of four , six , and twelve-cylinder passenger vehicles , as well as numerous successful racing cars . In 1922 , National was merged into Associated Motor Industries , which subsequently went out of business in 1924 . ", "1994 in motoring includes developments in the automotive industry that occurred throughout the year 1994 by various automobile manufacturers , grouped by country . The automotive industry designs , develops , manufactures , markets , and sells motor vehicles . ", "Mark L. Reuss is the current President of General Motors North America . In 2001 he was appointed executive director of the Performance Division , then executive director of Global Vehicle Integration , Safety and Virtual Development in 2005 . Later he served as chairman and managing director of Holden , the Australasian General Motors -LRB- GM -RRB- operation from February 1 , 2008 until September 1 , 2009 , overseeing GM 's Australasian operations and is a director on the GM Asia Pacific Strategy Board . Reuss was the vehicle line executive in charge of the highly criticized and unsuccessful Pontiac Aztek and Buick Rendezvous . However , he was praised for his tenure in the early 2010s for leading product development . From September 1 , 2009 , Alan Batey took over his position as Reuss returned to the GM in the United States as a senior product development director . Mark 's father was Lloyd E. Reuss , former president at GM from 1990 to 1992 . He received an undergraduate degree from Vanderbilt University in 1986 and an MBA from Duke University 's Fuqua School of Business in 1990 . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Laura_Robson", "Laura_Negrisoli", "Sandra_Suruagy", "Shelda_Bede", "Tara_West" ]

[ "Laura Robson -LRB- born 21 January 1994 -RRB- is a British tennis player and an Olympic Mixed Doubles silver medalist . She debuted on the International Tennis Federation -LRB- ITF -RRB- junior tour in 2007 , and a year later won the Wimbledon Junior Girls ' Championship at the age of 14 . As a junior , she also twice reached the final of the girls ' singles tournament at the Australian Open , in 2009 and 2010 . She won her first professional tournament in November 2008 . Robson was the first British woman since Samantha Smith at Wimbledon in 1998 to reach the fourth round of a Grand Slam tournament , doing so at the 2012 US Open and the 2013 Wimbledon Championships . She won a silver medal in the mixed doubles at the 2012 London Olympics playing with Andy Murray , with whom she also reached the 2010 Hopman Cup final . At the 2012 Guangzhou Women 's Open , Robson became the first British woman since Jo Durie in 1990 to reach a WTA main-tour final , where she lost to Hsieh Su-wei . Robson was named WTA Newcomer of the Year for 2012 and reached a career high singles ranking of world number 27 on 8 July 2013 . Since then , Robson has suffered from various injuries which have caused a prolonged absence from the WTA tour . After losing in the first round of the 2013 HP Open on 7 October 2013 , she has played just 33 matches : two in 2014 , 11 in 2015 and 20 in 2016 , winning just eight of them . She dropped out of the world rankings in early 2015 , returning at 906 in July 2015 , and is currently ranked at 173 . She has a career-high doubles ranking of number 82 and is currently ranked 344 . ", "Laura Negrisoli -LRB- born 7 September 1974 -RRB- is an Italian table tennis player . She won the gold medal in the team event at the 2003 Table Tennis European Championships . Negrisoli competed at the 1996 and 2008 Summer Olympics . ", "Sandra Maria Lima Suruagy -LRB- born April 17 , 1963 -RRB- is a retired volleyball player from Brazil , who represented her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia . There she claimed the bronze medal with the Women 's National Team . She also competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , South Korea . ", "Shelda Kelly Bruno Bede -LRB- born January 1 , 1973 in Fortaleza -RRB- is a beach volleyball player from Brazil who won silver medals in beach volleyball at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . ", "Tara West -LRB- born -RRB- is an Australian female volleyball player . She is part of the Australia women 's national volleyball team . She participated in the 2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix . On club level she played for WA Pearls in 2014 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Balibo_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Balibo_Five", "Roger_East_-LRB-journalist-RRB-", "The_Photographer", "Wildeye" ]

[ "Balibo is a 2009 Australian war film that follows the story of the Balibo Five , a group of journalists who were captured and killed while reporting on activities just prior to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor of 1975 . While historically accurate , the film is loosely based on the book Cover-Up by Jill Jolliffe , an Australian journalist who met the men before they were killed . The film follows dishevelled journalist Roger East , played by Anthony LaPaglia , who travels to East Timor in 1975 to investigate the deaths of the Balibo Five during the buildup to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor . Oscar Isaac plays the young José Ramos-Horta , who would later receive the Nobel Peace Prize and become the second President of East Timor , who joins East in the movie . Filming began on 30 June 2008 , in Dili , East Timor , and the film was released the following year . It was produced by Arenafilm in Australia with Robert Connolly as director , David Williamson as screenwriter , and Professor Clinton Fernandes as historical consultant . LaPaglia , also an Executive Producer , named East as `` probably the best role I 've ever had '' . ", "The Balibo Five was a group of journalists for Australian television networks who were killed in the period leading up to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor . The Balibo Five were based in the town of Balibo in East Timor -LRB- then Portuguese Timor -RRB- , where they were killed on 16 October 1975 during Indonesian incursions before the invasion . Roger East travelled to Balibo soon after to investigate the likely deaths of the Five and was later executed by members of the Indonesian military on the docks of Dili . In 2007 , an Australian coroner ruled that they had been deliberately killed by Indonesian special force soldiers . The official Indonesian version is that the men were killed by cross-fire during the battle for the town . According to The Economist , the Australian Government has never challenged this view in order to avoid damaging relations with Indonesia . After the ruling , newly elected Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd declared `` those responsible should be held to account ... You ca n't just sweep this to one side . '' However , no meaningful action was taken when he was elected and Rudd refused to visit the gravesite of the slain journalists in 2008 . ", "Roger East -LRB- 7 February 19228 December 1975 -RRB- was an Australian journalist who was murdered by the Indonesian military during its invasion of East Timor in 1975 . East was a freelance journalist who was working for the Australian Associated Press -LRB- AAP -RRB- . He travelled to Portuguese Timor -LRB- now known as East Timor -RRB- in October 1975 , following the story of the Balibo Five , who had been killed by Indonesian soldiers just weeks before . Previously , he had worked as a publicity officer for the Australian Country Party in Queensland and had been working in Darwin as a press officer for the Darwin Reconstruction Commission -LRB- which was created after the devastation of Darwin by Cyclone Tracy in December 1974 -RRB- . ", "The Photographer is a three-part mixed media performance accompanied by music -LRB- also sometimes referred to as a chamber opera -RRB- by composer Philip Glass . The libretto is based on the life and homicide trial of 19th-century American photographer Eadweard Muybridge . Commissioned by the Holland Festival , the opera was first performed in 1982 at the Royal Palace in Amsterdam . ", "Wildeye -LRB- Kätilö -RRB- is a Finnish romantic war drama film directed by Antti Jokinen . It is an adaptation of Finnish author Katja Kettu 's bestselling 2011 novel Kätilö set before and during Lapland War . The film stars Krista Kosonen and Lauri Tilkanen with Pirkka-Pekka Petelius , Leea Klemola , Seppo Pääkkönen , Elina Knihtilä , Tommi Korpela , and Johannes Brotherus in supporting roles . The film tells the story about a love affair between a Lapp midwife and a Nazi SS officer set against the backdrop of the Lapland War , which opposed Finnish and German armies in 1944 -- 45 . The film won the Best Film and the Best Actress awards at the 2015 Waterloo International Historical Film Festival and the Best Actress award at the 2015 Shanghai International Film Festival . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Balibo_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Balibo_Five", "Roger_East_-LRB-journalist-RRB-", "The_Photographer", "Wildeye" ]

[ "Balibo is a 2009 Australian war film that follows the story of the Balibo Five , a group of journalists who were captured and killed while reporting on activities just prior to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor of 1975 . While historically accurate , the film is loosely based on the book Cover-Up by Jill Jolliffe , an Australian journalist who met the men before they were killed . The film follows dishevelled journalist Roger East , played by Anthony LaPaglia , who travels to East Timor in 1975 to investigate the deaths of the Balibo Five during the buildup to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor . Oscar Isaac plays the young José Ramos-Horta , who would later receive the Nobel Peace Prize and become the second President of East Timor , who joins East in the movie . Filming began on 30 June 2008 , in Dili , East Timor , and the film was released the following year . It was produced by Arenafilm in Australia with Robert Connolly as director , David Williamson as screenwriter , and Professor Clinton Fernandes as historical consultant . LaPaglia , also an Executive Producer , named East as `` probably the best role I 've ever had '' . ", "The Balibo Five was a group of journalists for Australian television networks who were killed in the period leading up to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor . The Balibo Five were based in the town of Balibo in East Timor -LRB- then Portuguese Timor -RRB- , where they were killed on 16 October 1975 during Indonesian incursions before the invasion . Roger East travelled to Balibo soon after to investigate the likely deaths of the Five and was later executed by members of the Indonesian military on the docks of Dili . In 2007 , an Australian coroner ruled that they had been deliberately killed by Indonesian special force soldiers . The official Indonesian version is that the men were killed by cross-fire during the battle for the town . According to The Economist , the Australian Government has never challenged this view in order to avoid damaging relations with Indonesia . After the ruling , newly elected Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd declared `` those responsible should be held to account ... You ca n't just sweep this to one side . '' However , no meaningful action was taken when he was elected and Rudd refused to visit the gravesite of the slain journalists in 2008 . ", "Roger East -LRB- 7 February 19228 December 1975 -RRB- was an Australian journalist who was murdered by the Indonesian military during its invasion of East Timor in 1975 . East was a freelance journalist who was working for the Australian Associated Press -LRB- AAP -RRB- . He travelled to Portuguese Timor -LRB- now known as East Timor -RRB- in October 1975 , following the story of the Balibo Five , who had been killed by Indonesian soldiers just weeks before . Previously , he had worked as a publicity officer for the Australian Country Party in Queensland and had been working in Darwin as a press officer for the Darwin Reconstruction Commission -LRB- which was created after the devastation of Darwin by Cyclone Tracy in December 1974 -RRB- . ", "The Photographer is a three-part mixed media performance accompanied by music -LRB- also sometimes referred to as a chamber opera -RRB- by composer Philip Glass . The libretto is based on the life and homicide trial of 19th-century American photographer Eadweard Muybridge . Commissioned by the Holland Festival , the opera was first performed in 1982 at the Royal Palace in Amsterdam . ", "Wildeye -LRB- Kätilö -RRB- is a Finnish romantic war drama film directed by Antti Jokinen . It is an adaptation of Finnish author Katja Kettu 's bestselling 2011 novel Kätilö set before and during Lapland War . The film stars Krista Kosonen and Lauri Tilkanen with Pirkka-Pekka Petelius , Leea Klemola , Seppo Pääkkönen , Elina Knihtilä , Tommi Korpela , and Johannes Brotherus in supporting roles . The film tells the story about a love affair between a Lapp midwife and a Nazi SS officer set against the backdrop of the Lapland War , which opposed Finnish and German armies in 1944 -- 45 . The film won the Best Film and the Best Actress awards at the 2015 Waterloo International Historical Film Festival and the Best Actress award at the 2015 Shanghai International Film Festival . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Kaya_Scodelario", "Effy_Stonem", "Daniella_Okeke", "Offers", "Denis_Crossan" ]

[ "Kaya Scodelario-Davis -LRB- born Kaya Rose Humphrey ; March 13 , 1992 -RRB- is an English actress . She made her acting debut as Effy Stonem on the E4 teen drama Skins -LRB- 2007-2010 -RRB- , for which she received recognition and critical praise , garnering two Golden Nymph Award nominations for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series and two TV Quick Award nominations for Best Actress . Following her film debut in the science-fiction film Moon -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and a role in the fantasy adventure film Clash of the Titans -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Scodelario was nominated for the Glamour Award for PANDORA Breakthrough for her portrayal of Catherine Earnshaw in the 2011 film adaptation of Emily Brontë 's novel Wuthering Heights . In 2013 , Scodelario reprised the role of Effy in Skins Fire , and gained the supporting role of Anna Salter in the Channel 4 television drama Southcliffe -LRB- 2013 -RRB- ; she was nominated for both for the UK TV Actress Award at the 2014 GLAMOUR Women of the Year Awards . She gained wider recognition for her starring role as Teresa Agnes in dystopian science-fiction thriller The Maze Runner -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , which garnered her a third Glamour Award nomination for NEXT Breakthrough and a Teen Choice Award nomination for Choice Movie Actress : Action . She reprised the role in Maze Runner : The Scorch Trials -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and will reprise it again in Maze Runner : The Death Cure -LRB- 2018 -RRB- . Scodelario starred as Carina Smyth in Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Men Tell No Tales , which was released May 26 , 2017 . Since 2015 , Scodelario has been married to American actor Benjamin Walker , with whom she has a son . ", "Elizabeth `` Effy '' Stonem is a fictional character in the television series Skins , played by Kaya Scodelario . She appears in all of the first four series , as well as the seventh series , and appears in the most episodes -LRB- 27 -RRB- . Kaya Scodelario was included in Entertainment Weeklys 2009 `` Summer Must List '' , being named `` Bad Girl '' for her portrayal of Effy . She was included in AfterEllen.com 's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters . ", "Daniella Okeke is a Nigerian actress . In 2013 , she starred as `` Joke '' in Lagos Cougars , a role that earned her the Best Actress in a Leading Role nomination at both the 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards and 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards . ", "Offers is a 2005 Dutch television film directed by Dana Nechushtan and starring Maryam Hassouni and Jacob Derwig . The thriller film is a personal drama about suicide bombers and counter-terrorism in Western Europe . In 2006 Maryam Hassouni won an International Emmy Award for her role as Laila al Gatawi . ", "Denis Crossan BSC , was born in Glasgow.He qualified from Glasgow School of Art , with a B.A. -LRB- hons -RRB- degree in graphic design before enrolling at the National Film and Television School Beaconsfield , graduating in 1984 to embark on a career in cinematography . Towards the end of his course at Beaconsfield he was asked to film a music video for Frankie Goes To Hollywood called `` Relax '' , which was quickly followed by work for UB40 , U2 and many others . He has been equally prodigious in commercials and through the years has worked with major directors and advertising agencies , resulting in a number of awards for cinematography , including Clio Awards , Creative Circle Awards and D&AD . His first feature film credit was Melancolia , an art house thriller set in London and produced by the BFI which won an Evening Standard film award 1990 . In 1993 he was asked to join The British society of Cinematographers . His movie credits include I Know What You Did Last Summer , directed by Jim Gillespie , starring Sarah Michelle Gellar and Ryan Phillipe ; Clandestine Marriage , directed by Christopher Miles , starring Nigel Hawthorne and Timothy Spall , which won Best Cinematography Newport Beach Film Festival California 2000 ; The Hole , directed by Nick Hamm , starring Thora Birch and Keira Knightley ; Me Without You , directed by Sandra Goldbacher , starring Michelle Williams , Anna Friel and Kyle MacLachlan ; Agent Cody Banks , directed by Harald Zwart , starring Frankie Munitz and Hilary Duff ; Pink Panther 2 , starring Steve Martin , Andy García , Jean Reno , John Cleese , Alfred Molina and Emily Mortimer . His latest features include ` Take Down ' directed by Jim Gillespie , ` Urban Hymn ' directed by Michael Caton-Jones and television episodes ` The Bastard Executioner ' for Fox and ` Outlander ' for Sony " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ovary", "Ovarian_artery", "Xylophanes_isaon", "Agnorhiza_ovata", "Xylophanes_neoptolemus" ]

[ "The ovary -LRB- From ovarium , literally `` egg '' or `` nut '' -RRB- is an ovum-producing reproductive organ , found in pairs in the female as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system . Birds have only one functional ovary -LRB- the left -RRB- , while the other remains vestigial . Ovaries in females are analogous to testes in males , in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands . Although ovaries occur in a wide variety of animals , both vertebrate and invertebrate , this article is primarily about human ovaries . ", "The ovarian artery is an artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary in females . It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery . It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary , anterior to the ovarian vein and ureter . ", "Xylophanes isaon is a moth of the family Sphingidae . It is found from south-eastern Brazil and Paraguay to Argentina . The thorax has a grey medial line which widens posteriorly and is continued onto the abdomen as two widely separated but not very distinct bands . Each of these is bordered dorsally by a series of dots -LRB- that are sometimes interconnected -RRB- and a distinct brown medial line . The tegula is olive green with a golden-yellow medial line . The forewing upperside ground colour is buff with olive green bands and lines . The first to third postmedian lines start distinct but disappear later . The first line is heavier than lines two and three , but the fourth is the strongest . This line runs almost straight from the inner margin to the apex . The fifth postmedian line is diffuse and runs parallel to the fourth . The hindwing upperside is basally black . The median band is broad , pinkish-orange and the basal and distal edges are even . Adults are probably on wing year-round . The larvae possibly feed on Psychotria panamensis , Psychotria nervosa and Pavonia guanacastensis . ", "Agnorhiza ovata -LRB- syn . Wyethia ovata -RRB- is a species of flowering plant known by the common name southern mule 's ears . It is native to the mountains and foothills of southern California and Baja California , occurring the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada foothills in Tulare , Kern , Ventura , Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , and San Diego counties in California , with additional populations in the Peninsular Ranges south of the international border . Agnorhiza ovata grows in many types of habitat , including forests , woodlands , and grassland . It is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot and caudex unit . The hairy , glandular , sticky-textured stem grows a few centimeters tall to nearly half a meter in maximum height . The leaves have oval blades up to 20 centimeters long which are generally hairy or silky and glandular . The inflorescence is made up of one or more flower heads which may be tucked amongst the uppermost leaves . The head has lance-shaped leaflike phyllaries which may be up to 5 centimeters long . There are 5 to 8 yellow ray florets which measure about 1.5 centimeters in length , and many yellow disc florets in the center . The fruit is an achene about a centimeter long tipped with a short pappus . ", "Xylophanes neoptolemus is a moth of the family Sphingidae . It is found from Trinidad and Surinam to Venezuela and north-western Brazil . It is probably present in much of South America . It is similar to Xylophanes loelia and Xylophanes libya but has a deeper red coloration of the median band of the hindwing upperside . The mesothorax and metathorax have a pale grey medial band that continues onto the abdomen as a pair of thin lines , enclosing a darker olive-green or brown median line . The first and fourth postmedian lines on the forewings is narrow and continuous from the inner margin to the apex . The area between these lines is yellow , contrasting with the pinkish coloration of the rest of the wing . There is a black subapical dot which is generally very small . The median band on the hindwing upperside is bright red and relatively broad , tapering towards and reaching or almost reaching the costa . Adults are probably on wing year-round . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Chris_Paul", "Christopher_Dorst", "Matthew_Pobje", "Ben_Rutledge", "Sandra_Paintin-Paul" ]

[ "Christopher Emmanuel Paul -LRB- born May 6 , 1985 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . The point guard has won the NBA Rookie of the Year Award , two Olympic gold medals , and led the NBA in assists four times and steals six times . He has also been selected to nine NBA All-Star teams , eight All-NBA teams , and eight All-Defensive teams . Paul was a McDonald 's All-American in high school . He attended Wake Forest University for two years of college basketball where he helped the Demon Deacons achieve their first ever number one ranking . He was selected fourth overall in the 2005 NBA draft by the New Orleans Hornets and traded to the Clippers in 2011 . Off the court , Paul has served as the National Basketball Players Association president since August 2013 . One of the highest-paid athletes in the world , he holds endorsement deals with companies such as Nike and State Farm . ", "Christopher `` Chris '' Dorst -LRB- born June 5 , 1956 -RRB- is an American former water polo player who won a silver medal for the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , California . He was slated to go with the US Olympic Team to the 1980 Summer Olympics where they were the favorites for winning the gold medal , but the team ended up not competing because of the US boycott of the Olympics that year . He is a graduate of Stanford University and Menlo-Atherton High School and is a member of the Stanford Athletic Hall of Fame and the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame . He is married to former Stanford swimmer Marybeth Linzmeier . ", "Matthew Pobjie is a Paralympic powerlifting competitor from Australia . He won a silver medal at the 1988 Seoul Games in the Men 's Up To 100 kg event . ", "Ben Rutledge -LRB- born November 9 , 1980 in Cranbrook , British Columbia -RRB- is a Canadian Olympic rower . In Seville , Spain 2002 he was a member of the first ever Canadian Men 's 8 + crew to win a Gold Medal at a World Championship regatta . He accomplished this task two more times in 2003 and 2007 in Milan , Italy , and Munich , Germany . His Olympic results include a disappointing fifth-place finish in the men 's 8 + at the 2004 Athens Olympics . However , after hard fought 4 year comeback , Ben and his teammates Andrew Byrnes , Kyle Hamilton , Malcolm Howard , Adam Kreek , Kevin Light , Dominic Sieterle , Jake Wetzel and cox Brian Price won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China . In 2006 he was the recipient of the Bobby Gaul Memorial Trophy an award presented by the University of British Columbia to the graduating male athlete who best combines the qualities of leadership and sportsmanship . In 2006 he combined with former Canadian National Team rower Robert Weitemeyer as well as varsity athletes Stephane Gervais , Robert Miller and Kevin Johns to capture the overall Men 's Championship for Storm the Wall , a relay race held annually at the University of British Columbia , widely considered as the largest intramural event in North America . ", "Sandra Paintin-Paul is an Australian biathlete who competed at two Winter Olympics , in 1992 and 1994 . She was the first female Australian biathlete , along with Kerryn Rim , to compete at the Olympics . Sandra is married to fellow Australian Olympian biathlete , Andrew Paul . On her debut , she came 54th and 40th out of 68 and 66 competitors respectively in the 7.5 km and 15 km events . Two years later in 1994 , she came 40th and 64th out of 69 and 68 racers in the same events . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Alan_White", "John_White_-LRB-footballer,_born_1986-RRB-", "David_Attenborough", "Alan_Deakin", "James_White_-LRB-financier-RRB-" ]

[ "Alan White may refer to : Alan White -LRB- English footballer -RRB- -LRB- born 1976 -RRB- , English footballer Alan White -LRB- Australian footballer -RRB- -LRB- born 1933 -RRB- , Australian rules footballer Alan White -LRB- novelist -RRB- -LRB- born 1924 -RRB- , English novelist , author of The Long Day 's Dying Alan White -LRB- RAF officer -RRB- -LRB- born 1932 -RRB- , British air marshal Alan White -LRB- Oasis drummer -RRB- -LRB- born 1972 -RRB- , English drummer in rock group Oasis Alan White -LRB- Yes drummer -RRB- -LRB- born 1949 -RRB- , English drummer in rock group Yes Alan White -LRB- disc jockey -RRB- -LRB- born 1941 -RRB- , American disc jockey Alan White -LRB- economist -RRB- , University of Toronto finance professor Alan White -LRB- actor -RRB- -LRB- born 1924 -RRB- , Australian actor Alan White , British Committee of 100 -LRB- United Kingdom -RRB- signatory Alan White -LRB- diplomat -RRB- , former British Ambassador to Bolivia and Chile 1985 -- 1987 ", "John Alan White -LRB- born 26 July 1986 -RRB- is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Southend United . He previously played in the Football League for Colchester United , where he made over 200 league appearances . ", "Sir David Frederick Attenborough -LRB- -LSB- ˈætənb ər ə -RSB- born 8 May 1926 -RRB- is an English veteran broadcaster and naturalist . He is best known for writing and presenting the nine Life series , in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit , which collectively form a comprehensive survey of animal and plant life on the planet . He is also a former senior manager at the BBC , having served as controller of BBC Two and director of programming for BBC Television in the 1960s and 1970s . He is the only person to have won BAFTAs for programmes in each of black and white , colour , HD , and 3D . Attenborough is widely considered a national treasure in Britain , although he himself does not like the term . In 2002 he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide poll for the BBC . He is the younger brother of the late director , producer and actor Richard Attenborough , and older brother of the late motor executive John Attenborough . ", "Alan Deakin -LRB- born 27 November 1941 in Balsall Heath , Birmingham -RRB- was an English footballer during the 1960s . He was the captain of Aston Villa and also played for Walsall . He is the younger brother of Mike Deakin who also played in the Football League , most notably for Crystal Palace . ", "James White -LRB- 17 May 1877 -- 29 June 1927 -RRB- was an English financier , property developer and speculator . From a working-class family in Lancashire , he worked at a number of jobs before becoming well known in the years before the First World War as a boxing promoter . From that , he moved into property and other transactions , making large sums of money in major deals . He became a racehorse owner and theatre proprietor . White finally overreached himself financially , and being unable to meet his huge liabilities , committed suicide at the age of 50 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "See.SZA.Run", "Music_of_Hungary", "SZA_-LRB-singer-RRB-", "Skaldowie", "Pizzica" ]

[ "See.SZA.Run is the debut mixtape by American recording artist SZA , self-released on October 29 , 2012 . After failing college and postponing Graduation school , in order to make money , SZA began recording music by accident , and decided to continue . SZA recorded songs with her friend who lived close by , in which they took production and beats from the internet . A PBR&B and neo-soul , See.SZA.Run has a diverse musical style that incorporates contemporary urban genres such as soul , hip hop , and minimalist R&B , the EP also takes influences from cloud rap and ethereal R&B as well as using witch house and chillwave elements . The production is characterized as being built over billowing synths , bombing bass and crushed beats . Upon release the extended play was met with critical acclaim from music critics , who commended the album , its lyrical content and its production , other critics compared the album to the work of musicians including Drake , The Weeknd , Miguel and Frank Ocean . To promote the extended play on October 9 , 2012 , SZA released a music video for the song `` Country '' . ", "Hungary has made many contributions to the fields of folk , popular and classical music . Hungarian folk music is a prominent part of the national identity and continues to play a major part in Hungarian music . It is also strong in the Szabolcs-Szatmár area and in the southwest part of Transdanubia , near the border with Croatia . The Busójárás carnival in Mohács is a major Hungarian folk music event , formerly featuring the long-established and well-regarded Bogyiszló orchestra . Hungarian classical music has long been an `` experiment , made from Hungarian antedecents and on Hungarian soil , to create a conscious musical culture -LSB- using the -RSB- musical world of the folk song '' . Although the Hungarian upper class has long had cultural and political connections with the rest of Europe , leading to an influx of European musical ideas , the rural peasants maintained their own traditions such that by the end of the 19th century Hungarian composers could draw on rural peasant music to -LRB- re -RRB- create a Hungarian classical style . For example , Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály , two of Hungary 's most famous composers , are known for using folk themes in their music . Bartók collected folk songs from across Eastern Europe , including Romania and Slovakia , whilst Kodály was more interested in creating a distinctively Hungarian musical style . During the era of Communist rule in Hungary -LRB- 1949 -- 1989 -RRB- a Song Committee scoured and censored popular music for traces of subversion and ideological impurity . Since then , however , the Hungarian music industry has begun to recover , producing successful performers in the fields of jazz such as trumpeter Rudolf Tomsits , pianist-composer Károly Binder and , in a modernized form of Hungarian folk , Ferenc Sebő and Márta Sebestyén . The three giants of Hungarian rock , Illés , Metró and Omega , remain very popular , especially Omega , which has followings in Germany and beyond as well as in Hungary . Older veteran underground bands such as Beatrice from the 1980s also remain popular . ", "Solána Rowe -LRB- born November 8 , 1990 -RRB- , better known by her stage name SZA -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪzə -RSB- -RRB- , is an American singer-songwriter . She was born in St. Louis , Missouri , later relocating to Maplewood , New Jersey . In October 2012 , Rowe self-released an extended play -LRB- EP -RRB- titled See.SZA.Run , which she then followed up with her second EP , titled S , in October 2013 . In July 2013 , it was revealed that she had signed to the hip hop record label Top Dawg Entertainment , through which she released Z , her third EP and first retail release , in April 2014 . SZA is a Neo Soul singer whose music is described as Alternative R&B , with elements of soul , hip hop , minimalist R&B , cloud rap , ethereal R&B , witch house and chillwave . Rowe 's lyrics are described as `` unravelling '' , that revolve around themes of sexuality , nostalgia , and abandonment . Rowe cites a variety of artists as influences including Billie Holiday , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Björk , Jamiroquai , and Wu-Tang Clan . SZA also takes influence from non-musical artists including gymnasts , ice skaters , painters , and filmmakers , including Spike Lee . ", "Skaldowie , a Cracow , Poland , rock group , was particularly popular from the 1960s to the 1980s . With their musical training and proximity to the folklore-rich area of Podhale , many of their tracks were a fusion of rock , folk , and classical music . Skaldowie formed in 1965 in Kraków -LRB- Cracow -RRB- . Its founding members Andrzej and Jacek Zieliński 's maternal grandparents hailed from Zakopane in the High Tatras , and both boys enjoyed spending time there and hiking in the mountains . Many of their compositions included references to folk music from the region . Skaldowie caused a stir in 1972 with the extent to which motifs from the Goral music of Podhale featured on their groundbreaking album Krywań , Krywań -LRB- Kriváň is a mountain on the Slovak side of the High Tatras -RRB- . Its 18-minute title track , labeled a `` suite '' on the album cover , was a fusion of rock , folk , and classical music with quotations from works by Johann Sebastian Bach , Alexander Borodin , Modest Mussorgsky , Gioachino Rossini , and others . The lyrics , although credited as a folk song , were actually from the folkloric poem `` Kriváň , High Kriváň ! '' -LRB- `` Krywaniu , Krywaniu wysoki ! '' -RRB- by Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer published in 1903 . Between 1966 and 1980 they received numerous national awards and were one of the most popular musical groups in Poland . ", "Pizzica -LRB- -LSB- ˈpittsika -RSB- -RRB- is a popular Italian folk dance , originally from the Salento peninsula in Apulia and later spreading throughout the rest of Apulia and the regions of Calabria and eastern Basilicata . It is part of the larger family of tarantella -LRB- plural : tarantelle -RRB- dances . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Therasia", "Cyclades", "Santorini", "Naxos", "Aegean_Sea" ]

[ "Therasia , also known as Thirasía , is an island in the volcanic island group of Santorini in the Greek Cyclades . It lies north-west of Nea Kameni , a small island formed in recent centuries by volcanic activity and thus marking the centre of the island group . Therasia is the second largest island of the group , the largest by far being Thera . Therasia has a land area of 9.299 km ² and its population was 319 inhabitants at the 2011 census . It is part of the municipal unit of Oia . Thera and Therasia were separated by the Thera eruption . At Knossos , in a LMIIIA context -LRB- 14th century BC -RRB- , seven Linear B texts while calling upon `` all the gods '' make sure to grant primacy to an elsewhere-unattested entity called qe-ra-si-ja and , once , qe-ra-si-jo . However this probably refers to a god or a person rather than to an island * Qherasia > Therasia . Thirasia is also the book of Greek poet Dimitris Varos that became a music album and theatrical performance by Greek composer Giannis Markopoulos under the title Daring Communication - Electric Theseus . ", "The Cyclades -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪklədiːz -RSB- Κυκλάδες , -LSB- cikˈlaðes -RSB- -RRB- are an island group in the Aegean Sea , southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece . They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago . The name refers to the islands around the sacred island of Delos . The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos . ", "Santorini -LRB- Σαντορίνη , pronounced -LSB- sandoˈrini -RSB- -RRB- , classically Thera -LRB- English pronunciation -LSB- ˈθɪərə -RSB- -RRB- , and officially Thira -LRB- Greek : Θήρα -LSB- ˈθira -RSB- -RRB- , is an island in the southern Aegean Sea , about 200 km southeast of Greece 's mainland . It is the largest island of a small , circular archipelago which bears the same name and is the remnant of a volcanic caldera . It forms the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands , with an area of approximately 73 km2 and a 2011 census population of 15,550 . The municipality of Santorini includes the inhabited islands of Santorini and Therasia and the uninhabited islands of Nea Kameni , Palaia Kameni , Aspronisi , and Christiana . The total land area is 90.623 km2 . Santorini is part of the Thira regional unit . Santorini is essentially what remains after an enormous volcanic eruption that destroyed the earliest settlements on a formerly single island , and created the current geological caldera . A giant central , rectangular lagoon , which measures about 12 by , is surrounded by 300 m high , steep cliffs on three sides . The main island slopes downward to the Aegean Sea . On the fourth side , the lagoon is separated from the sea by another much smaller island called Therasia ; the lagoon is connected to the sea in two places , in the northwest and southwest . The depth of the caldera , at 400m , makes it impossible for any but the largest ships to anchor anywhere in the protected bay ; there is also a fisherman 's harbour at Vlychada , on the southwestern coast . The island 's principal port is Athinios . The capital , Fira , clings to the top of the cliff looking down on the lagoon . The volcanic rocks present from the prior eruptions feature olivine , and have a small presence of hornblende . It is the most active volcanic centre in the South Aegean Volcanic Arc , though what remains today is chiefly a water-filled caldera . The volcanic arc is approximately 500 km long and 20 to wide . The region first became volcanically active around 3 -- 4 million years ago , though volcanism on Thera began around 2 million years ago with the extrusion of dacitic lavas from vents around the Akrotiri . The island is the site of one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history : the Minoan eruption -LRB- sometimes called the Thera eruption -RRB- , which occurred some 3,600 years ago at the height of the Minoan civilization . The eruption left a large caldera surrounded by volcanic ash deposits hundreds of metres deep and may have led indirectly to the collapse of the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete , 110 km to the south , through a gigantic tsunami . Another popular theory holds that the Thera eruption is the source of the legend of Atlantis . ", "Naxos -LRB- -LSB- ˈnæksɒs -RSB- Greek : Νάξος , -LSB- ˈnaksos -RSB- -RRB- is a Greek island -- at 429 km2 the largest of the Cyclades island group in the Aegean . It was the centre of archaic Cycladic culture . The island is famous as a source of emery , a rock rich in corundum , which until modern time was one of the best abrasives available . The largest town and capital of the island is Chora or Naxos City , with 6,533 inhabitants -LRB- 2001 census -RRB- . The main villages are Filoti , Apiranthos , Vivlos , Agios Arsenios , Koronos and Glinado . ", "The Aegean Sea -LRB- -LSB- ᵻˈdʒiːən -RSB- Αιγαίο Πέλαγος -LSB- eˈʝeo ˈpelaɣos -RSB- ; Ege Denizi -LSB- eɟe denizi -RSB- -RRB- is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the Greek and Anatolian peninsulas , i.e. , between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey . In the north , it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosphorus . The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery , including Crete and Rhodes . The sea was traditionally known as Archipelago -LRB- in Greek , Αρχιπέλαγος , meaning `` chief sea '' -RRB- , but in English this word 's meaning has changed to refer to the Aegean Islands and , generally , to any island group . " ]

[ 2, 1, 2, 1, 1 ]

[ "Kyra_Sedgwick", "The_Closer", "Something_to_Talk_About_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Effy_Stonem", "The_Edge_of_Seventeen" ]

[ "Kyra Minturn Sedgwick Bacon -LRB- born August 19 , 1965 -RRB- is an American actress and producer . She is best known for her starring role as Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson on the TNT crime drama The Closer . Sedgwick 's role in the series won her a Golden Globe Award in 2007 and an Emmy Award in 2010 . The series ended on August 13 , 2012 , following the completion of its seventh season . She is also known for her recurring role as Madeline Wuntch on the successful sitcom Brooklyn Nine Nine . Sedgwick was nominated for a Golden Globe award for her performance in Something to Talk About -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . Sedgwick 's other film roles include Oliver Stone 's Born on the Fourth of July -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Cameron Crowe 's Singles -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , as well as Heart and Souls -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Phenomenon -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , What 's Cooking -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Secondhand Lions -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , The Game Plan -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and The Possession -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . She also has one of the starring roles in the critically acclaimed 2016 comedy-drama movie The Edge of Seventeen . ", "The Closer is an American television police procedural , starring Kyra Sedgwick as Brenda Leigh Johnson , a Los Angeles Police Department Deputy Chief . Originally from Atlanta , Georgia , and CIA-trained , Brenda has a reputation as a closer -- an interrogator who not only solves a case , but obtains confessions that lead to convictions and so `` closing '' the case . Deputy Chief Johnson sometimes uses deceit and intimidation to persuade a suspect to confess . The series ran on TNT from June 13 , 2005 , to August 13 , 2012 . The Closer was created by James Duff and the Shephard/Robin Company in association with Warner Bros. . Television . On Monday , July 11 , 2011 , the series began its seventh and final season , having finished its sixth season as cable 's highest rated drama . The Closers final six episodes began airing on Monday , July 9 , 2012 , with its finale airing on Monday , August 13 , 2012 . Following the finale , The Closers spin-off Major Crimes premiered . ", "Something to Talk About is a 1995 American comedy-drama film directed by Lasse Hallström , from a screenplay written by Callie Khouri . It stars Julia Roberts and Dennis Quaid as an estranged couple , Kyra Sedgwick as Roberts ' sister , and Robert Duvall and Gena Rowlands as their parents . The film 's title stems from the Bonnie Raitt song of the same name . It was shot in various locations around Savannah , Georgia , South Carolina and Georgia near Beaufort . ", "Elizabeth `` Effy '' Stonem is a fictional character in the television series Skins , played by Kaya Scodelario . She appears in all of the first four series , as well as the seventh series , and appears in the most episodes -LRB- 27 -RRB- . Kaya Scodelario was included in Entertainment Weeklys 2009 `` Summer Must List '' , being named `` Bad Girl '' for her portrayal of Effy . She was included in AfterEllen.com 's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters . ", "The Edge of Seventeen is a 2016 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Kelly Fremon Craig . The film stars Hailee Steinfeld , Woody Harrelson , Kyra Sedgwick , and Haley Lu Richardson . Principal photography began on October 21 , 2015 , in Vancouver and ended on December 3 , 2015 . The film premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 16 , 2016 , and was theatrically released on November 18 , 2016 , by STX Entertainment . It received critical acclaim and grossed just over $ 18 million against its $ 9 million budget . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Chumlee", "Chua_En_Lai", "Waise_Lee", "Jesdaporn_Pholdee", "Clancy_Brown" ]

[ "Austin Lee Russell -LRB- born September 8 , 1982 -RRB- , better known by his stage name of Chumlee , is an American actor , businessman and reality television personality , known as a cast member on the History Channel television show Pawn Stars , which depicts the daily business at the Gold and Silver Pawn Shop in Las Vegas where Russell works as an employee . Chumlee came to work at the pawn shop five years before filming of the first season , having been a childhood friend of Corey Harrison , whose father , Rick Harrison , and grandfather , Richard Benjamin Harrison , opened the shop in 1989 . On the show , he is often portrayed as the comic foil , but often appraises items in his area of expertise of pinball machines , sneakers and video games , and is considered the breakout character of the series . ", "Chua En Lai -LRB- born 1979 -RRB- is a Singaporean stage and television actor , best known for his work on the Mediacorp Channel 5 sitcom The Noose . ", "Waise Lee Chi-hung -LRB- born 19 December 1959 -RRB- is a Hong Kong film and television actor best known for playing the roles of villains and antagonists in various films . ", "Jesdaporn Pholdee -LRB- เจษฎาภรณ์ ผลดี ; born June 5 , 1977 -LRB- age 40 -RRB- in Bangkok , Thailand or nickname Tik is a Thai actor , model , and presenter . Jesdaporn Pholdee is the eldest of his 2 younger brothers . He is married -LRB- July 9 , 2009 -RRB- . He completed his high school education at Yothinburana and graduated with a bachelor 's degree from the Industrial Department of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce . He was conferred an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science in environmental science and natural resources from the Faculty of Science and Technology at Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon on December 16 , 2014 . Jesdaporn Pholdee entered the entertainment industry while he was studying at the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce as a presenter for television commercials and in still pictures for advertisements before the director saw him in a studio and approached him to play the role of the leading male character in the movie Dang Bireley 's and Young Gangsters that was historically successful both in terms of revenue and critique . It was regarded as the movie that sparked the popularity and comeback of Thai movies that were in the doldrums . This was also his birth declaration . After that , he has continued to have his workmanship coming out such as fashion shooting , modeling , films , television dramas / lakorns , and being a presenter for various brands of products . Apart from acting , Tik has also been the host and producer of the Navigator , an ecotourism program on Channel 3 since 2005 , and a guest speaker to talk about ecotourism in several academic establishments and organizations all these times . He and his program have received awards from a variety of institutions . Later on in 2014 , Jesdaporn Pholdee was conferred an Honorary Degree of Science in environmental science and natural resources Doctorate . ", "Clarence J. `` Clancy '' Brown III -LRB- born January 5 , 1959 -RRB- is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles as The Kurgan in the fantasy film Highlander , Captain Byron Hadley in prison drama film The Shawshank Redemption and Brother Justin Crowe in the television series Carnivàle . Brown has also provided his voice to many films , television series , and video games , including Lex Luthor in various media , Doctor Neo Cortex in the Crash Bandicoot video game series , and Mr. Krabs in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants . He also voices Alec Ryder in Mass Effect : Andromeda . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "One_Dance", "Fancy_-LRB-Drake_song-RRB-", "The_Language", "Dance_for_Me", "Bryan_Drake" ]

[ "`` One Dance '' is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his fourth studio album , Views -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . It features guest vocals from Nigerian Afrobeat artist Wizkid and British singer Kyla . The artists co-wrote the dancehall and afrobeat song with its co-producers Nineteen85 , DJ Maphorisa , and Noah `` 40 '' Shebib , with production assistance from Wizkid . Crazy Cousinz and Kyla also received songwriting credits for the sampling of their 2008 UK funky song `` Do You Mind '' . `` One Dance '' was released for digital download on April 5 , 2016 and was serviced to US urban , rhythmic , and contemporary hit radio on April 12 , 2016 . `` One Dance '' was released shortly after the release date for Views was announced , alongside `` Pop Style '' . `` One Dance '' was the first of three dancehall singles to be released from Views , along with `` Controlla '' and `` Too Good '' . `` One Dance '' reached number one in 15 countries , including Australia , Canada , France , Germany , Ireland , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Switzerland , the United Kingdom , and the United States , becoming Drake 's first number-one single in all 15 countries as the lead artist . It topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for 10 non-consecutive weeks and the UK Singles Chart for 15 consecutive weeks , making it the joint-second longest consecutive number one in the country . Featured artist Wizkid became the first Nigerian artist to top the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . `` One Dance '' became the second dancehall song of 2016 to top the Billboard Hot 100 after Rihanna 's `` Work '' which also featured Drake . On September 7 , 2016 , Billboard named `` One Dance '' the 2016 Song of the Summer . As of December 2016 , it has sold 2 million copies in the US , thus being the fifth-best-selling song of the year . For Apple Music it was the best performing song of the year . On October 15 , 2016 , `` One Dance '' became the most played song ever on streaming media service Spotify , with over one billion individual streams , overtaking the previous record held by Major Lazer and DJ Snake 's `` Lean On '' . `` One Dance '' was the best-performing single worldwide of 2016 and is one of the best-selling of all-time . ", "`` Fancy '' is a song by Canadian recording artist Drake , from his debut album Thank Me Later . The song features vocals from American rappers T.I. and Swizz Beatz , the latter of whom also co-produced the track alongside Noah `` 40 '' Shebib . The song was released to US radio stations on August 3 , 2010 as the album 's fourth official single , however promotion of the track ended earlier than expected due to Drake 's uncertainty towards the song 's planned music video and promotion . The song contains a sample of `` I Do n't Want to Play Around '' by Ace Spectrum . The original version that had leaked features the chorus sung by Mary J. Blige and Swizz Beatz , while Swizz Beatz raps the first verse and the last two are sung by Blige . It was intended to be on Mary J. Blige 's album Stronger with Each Tear , but missed the deadline and was later given to Drake . Blige 's vocals were kept on Drake 's version as a backing vocal , though formally uncredited . The track received a nomination for Best Rap Performance By A Duo Or Group at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards . ", "`` The Language '' is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his third studio album Nothing Was the Same -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . `` The Language '' was produced by frequent collaborator Boi-1da , along with additional production by Allen Ritter and Vinylz . It also features an outro from Cash Money Records founder Birdman . The song was serviced to mainstream urban radio on October 29 , 2013 as the fourth single from the album in the US and has peaked at number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . ", "Dance For Me or Dance 4 Me may refer to : ", "Bryan Ernest Hare Drake -LRB- 7 October 192525 December 2001 -RRB- was a New Zealand-born baritone who became particularly associated with the operas of Benjamin Britten . Born in Dunedin , Drake sang in the choir of the local St Paul 's cathedral , and was educated at Otago Boys ' High School . He then studied at the University of Otago , where he sang with the music society . He made his opera debut in 1948 as Escamillo in Bizet 's Carmen , in a production originally staged as part of the Otago Centennial , which then toured around the country . Receiving a government bursary in 1949 , Drake travelled to London . The following year he received a two-year contract as a full-time principal in the Covent Garden Opera Company . During that time he created the roles of Donald , in the 1951 world premiere of Britten 's Billy Budd , and Watchful in Vaughan Williams 's The Pilgrim 's Progress . To cover a difficult scene change , Vaughan Williams inserted an aria specially for Drake , of which The Times critic commented : `` For pure singing , there was nothing finer than the interlude between the first and second acts , in which Mr Bryan Drake sang the 121st psalm with perfect declamation and limpid purity of tone and style . '' At the Welsh National Opera during the 1950s and '60s , Drake 's roles included Germont in Traviata , Ferrando in Trovatore , Flint , the sailing-master , in Billy Budd , and the title roles in Nabucco and Macbeth . At Sadler 's Wells , he sang Creon in Stravinsky 's Oedipus Rex and Mephistopheles in Gounod 's Faust . In 1960 , Britten invited Drake to sing the role of Junius in The Rape of Lucretia , at the Aldeburgh festival . Britten , known to be exacting and for dropping musicians who ceased to please him , never lost his high opinion of Drake . For the next 15 years , Drake was a regular member of Britten 's English Opera Group , not only singing and recording various roles in his operas , but also performing various leading roles in operas by Malcolm Williamson , Gordon Crosse and Thea Musgrave . He also appeared in BBC television productions of Peter Grimes -LRB- as Balstrode -RRB- and Billy Budd -LRB- as Flint , a role he also recorded for Decca under the composer 's baton -RRB- . In the Church Parables Britten composed between 1964 and 1968 , the composer wrote roles specially for Drake in all three : the Traveller in Curlew River , the Astrologer in The Burning Fiery Furnace and the Elder Son in The Prodigal Son . In 1972 , Drake began to teach singing , first at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama . He was director of opera at the Royal College of Music from 1981 until 1985 , after which he and his wife settled in Aldringham , Suffolk . From 1987 he worked as voice consultant at the Britten-Pears School in Aldeburgh . His final performance was in 1999 , when he played the Voice of God in a production of Britten 's Noye 's Fludde in Aldeburgh parish church . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Battle_of_the_Trebia", "Battle_of_La_Higueruela", "Terazawa_Hirotaka", "Battle_of_Kōan", "Kōryaku" ]

[ "The Battle of the Trebia -LRB- or Trebbia -RRB- was the first major battle of the Second Punic War , fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Roman Republic in December of 218 BC , on or around the winter solstice . It was a resounding Roman defeat with heavy losses , and yet some 10,000 and more Romans , over 2.5 legions , survived on the field and retreated in order to Placentia -LRB- Piacenza -RRB- . In this battle , Hannibal got the better of the Romans by exercising the careful and innovative planning for which he was famous . The impetuous and short-sighted opposing general , the consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus , allowed himself to be provoked into a frontal assault under physically difficult circumstances and failed to see that he was being led into a trap . The battle took place in the flat country of the Province of Piacenza on the left bank of the Trebbia River , a shallow , braided stream , not far south from its confluence -LRB- from the south -RRB- with the Po river . The battle is named for the river . Although the precise location is not known for certain , it is generally accepted as being visible from the Via Emilia , now paralleled by highway A21/E70 and a railroad trunk line , all of which come from Piacenza , a contemporaneously placed Roman colony -LRB- though perhaps on an existing settlement -RRB- , and cross the river north of where the Romans did in the battle . The area is possibly in the comune of Rottofreno at its main settlement , San Nicolò a Trebbia , in the vicinity of the coordinates given at the head of this article.Over the course of more than two millennia the precise configuration of the Trebbia and its streams as well as that of the Po have changed geologically . Although the location of Placentia is believed to be roughly the same , the original surfaces are under new layers of sediment and the locations of the bends , the depths and widths of the streams all have changed . Construction in the area also has been extensive , not to mention the turning over of the soil and obliteration of features by heavy bombing when the bridges and rail lines were destroyed in World War II . The Trebbia and the Po are currently heavily diked . ", "The Battle of La Higueruela -LRB- literally : `` Battle at the little fig tree '' -RRB- was fought in the Vega of the river Genil near Granada on 1 July 1431 between the forces of John II of Castile , led by Álvaro de Luna , and troops loyal to Muhammed IX , Nasrid Sultan of Granada . The battle was a modest victory for the forces of Castile , with no territorial gain and failing to take Granada . Following this battle , John II of Castile installed Yusuf IV , grandson of Muhammed VI , as Sultan of Granada . The battle is depicted in a famous series of fresco paintings by Fabrizio Castello , Orazio Cambiasi and Lazzaro Tavarone in the Gallery of Battles at the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial . ", "-LRB- 1563 -- May 18 , 1633 -RRB- was a Japanese daimyo of the early Edo period . Hirotaka was the builder of Karatsu Castle . He was responsible for part of the overtaxation and mismanagement of local government which instigated the Shimabara Rebellion shortly after his death . Hirotaka is a playable character from the Eastern Army in the original Kessen . ", "The , also known as the Second Battle of Hakata Bay , was the second attempt by the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty to invade Japan after their failed attempt seven years earlier at the Battle of Bun ` ei . In the summer of 1281 the Yuan invaded with two large armies . The Japanese defenders were aided by a major storm which sunk a sizeable portion of the Mongolian fleets . The invaders who reached the shore were repulsed shortly after landing . The Japanese called the opportune storm kamikaze -LRB- `` divine wind '' -RRB- , a name that was used in the Second World War for pilots who carried out aerial suicide attacks . ", "was a Japanese era name -LRB- 年号 , nengō , lit . year name -RRB- of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Eiwa and before Eitoku . This period spanned the years from March 1379 through February 1381 . The emperor in Kyoto was The Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Florida_State_University", "Florida_A&M_University", "Florida_State–Virginia_football_rivalry", "Tallahassee_in_popular_culture", "P._K._Yonge" ]

[ "Florida State University -LRB- commonly referred to as Florida State or FSU -RRB- is an American public space-grant and sea-grant research university . Its primary campus is located on a 1,391.54-acre -LRB- 5.631 km2 -RRB- campus in Tallahassee , Florida , United States . It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida . Founded in 1851 , it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida . The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers , facilities , labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study , including professional school programs . The university has an annual budget of over $ 1.7 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 10 billion . Florida State is home to Florida 's only National Laboratory -- the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug Taxol . Florida State University also operates The John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art , the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the largest museum/university complexes in the nation . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools -LRB- SACS -RRB- . Florida State University is home to nationally ranked programs in many academic areas , including law , business , engineering , medicine , social policy , film , music , theater , dance , visual art , political science , psychology , social work , and the sciences . Florida State University leads Florida in four of eight areas of external funding for the STEM disciplines -LRB- Science , Technology , Engineering and Math -RRB- . FSU officially launched the `` Raise the Torch : The Campaign for Florida State '' on October 17 , 2014 . The campaign has a fundraising goal of more than $ 1 billion which will improve academics , research , and the overall student experience . As of September 30 , 2016 , Florida State University 's `` Raise the Torch '' campaign has raised $ 938,972,249 . For 2017 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida State as the 38th best public university in the United States . Florida Governor Rick Scott and the state legislature designated Florida State University as one of two `` preeminent '' state universities in the spring of 2013 among the twelve universities of the State University System of Florida . FSU 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their `` Florida State Seminoles '' nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association -LRB- NCAA -RRB- Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference -LRB- ACC -RRB- . In their 113-year history , Florida State 's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships . ", "Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University , commonly known as FAMU , is a public , historically black university in Tallahassee , Florida , United States . Florida A&M University was founded on the highest of seven hills in Tallahassee , Florida on October 3 , 1887 . It is one of the largest historically black universities in the United States by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida . It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida , as well as one of the state 's land grant universities , and is accredited to award baccalaureate , master 's and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . The 2017 edition of the U.S. News & World Report college rankings placed the university # 1 among public HBCUs and # 7 among all HBCUs . In 2016 , FAMU was promoted to the second degree R2 : Doctoral University - Higher Research Activity in the Carnegie Classifications by the Indiana University Center for Postsecondary Research . In 2015 , the National Science Foundation ranked Florida A&M University as the # 1 HBCU in the nation for total research and development expenditures . ", "The Florida State -- Virginia football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Florida State Seminoles football team of Florida State University and Virginia Cavaliers football team of the University of Virginia . The Jefferson -- Eppes Trophy is awarded to the winner of the game . The trophy was created in 1995 and was named for former President of the United States and founder of the University of Virginia , Thomas Jefferson , and Francis W. Eppes VII , Jefferson 's grandson and two-time mayor of Tallahassee , and president of the Board of Trustees of the West Florida Seminary , now Florida State University . Although the game is played for a trophy , it is not considered a significant rivalry . Virginia 's biggest rivalries are with Virginia Tech for the Commonwealth Cup and North Carolina in the South 's Oldest Rivalry . FSU 's most meaningful rivalries are with Florida and Miami . When the ACC split into divisions in 2005 , the annual rivalry between Florida State and Virginia ceased , as the Seminoles were assigned to the Atlantic Division and the Cavaliers to the Coastal Division . Though each team in the ACC plays an annual game against one designated cross-divisional rival , both teams ' more historic rivals were awarded these positions -LRB- Maryland for Virginia , Miami for Florida State -RRB- . As a result , Florida State and Virginia have not played on an annual basis since 2006 . ", "Tallahassee has been represented well in popular culture through the years . Moreover , Tallahassee has many references on books , television , motion pictures and music because Tallahassee is home to three major colleges and universities , is a mid-to-large sized city in Florida , and also it is the capital of the state . ", "Philip Keyes Yonge -LRB- May 27 , 1850 -- August 9 , 1934 -RRB- was a businessman and civic leader . A resident of Pensacola , he was a prominent Floridian . He was a founding member of the Florida Board of Control -LRB- the governing body of the State University System of Florida , Florida 's public university system -RRB- and served on that board for almost 30 years as a member and chairman . The P.K. Yonge Developmental Research School in Gainesville is named for him . Yonge was designated a Great Floridian by the Florida Department of State in the Great Floridians 2000 Program . A plaque attesting to the honor is located at the Florida Department of Law Enforcement -LRB- formerly the P.K. Yonge School -RRB- , on Palafox Street in Pensacola . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "The_Originals_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "The_Americans_-LRB-season_3-RRB-", "The_Native_Born", "The_Grand_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Start_Up_-LRB-PBS_TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "The Originals is an American television series that began airing on The CW on October 3 , 2013 . Created as a spin-off of The Vampire Diaries , the series follows vampire Klaus Mikaelson as he and his family become embroiled in the supernatural politics of New Orleans . On May 10 , 2017 , The CW renewed the series for a fifth season . ", "The third season of the American television drama series The Americans , consisting of 13 episodes , premiered on FX on January 28 , 2015 , and concluded on April 22 , 2015 . The series was renewed for the third season on April 16 , 2014 . ", "The Native Born is an Australian play written by Bert Bailey and Edmund Duggan under the name of Albert Edmunds . It was first produced in 1913 by Bailey 's own company . ", "The Grand is a British television drama series produced by Granada Television for the ITV network , broadcast between 4 April 1997 and 3 April 1998 . It was written by Russell T Davies and set in a grand hotel in Manchester in the 1920s . There are two series : eight episodes in the first series were broadcast from 4 April 1997 to 23 May 1997 and ten in the second series from 30 January 1998 to 3 April 1998 . All 18 episodes were written by Russell T Davies . The cast included Susan Hampshire , Julia St. John , Tim Healy , Michael Siberry , Stephen Moyer and Mark McGann . The two series were novelised by Catrin Collier , under the pen name Katherine Hardy . ", "Start Up is an national American docu-series television show created by Gary Bredow . The series is produced by Jenny Feterovich and Gary Bredow and is broadcast by PBS , Create TV Network and World Channel . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 1, 2 ]

[ "John_Frusciante", "John_Manzoni", "Lars_Kristiansen_Blilie", "John_Neilson_-LRB-c.1770_-_1827-RRB-", "Richard_F._Bansemer" ]

[ "John Anthony Frusciante -LRB- -LSB- fruːˈʃɑːnteɪ -RSB- born March 5 , 1970 -RRB- is an American guitarist , singer , producer and composer . He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers , from 1988 until 1992 , and again from 1998 until 2009 . He recorded five studio albums with them . Frusciante has an active solo career , having released eleven solo albums and five EPs ; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica . In 2015 , Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias , Trickfinger . He has also recorded with numerous other artists , including The Mars Volta , for whom he was a studio guitarist -LRB- and occasional live performer -RRB- from 2002 until 2008 ; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally , with whom he released two albums as Ataxia ; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López . He has also produced and/or recorded with Duran Duran , Wu-Tang Clan , The Mars Volta and Omar Rodriguez Lopez , Swahili Blonde , Black Knights , The Bicycle Thief , Glenn Hughes , Ziggy Marley , Johnny Cash , George Clinton , Johnny Marr and others . At the age of eighteen , he joined the Red Hot Chili Peppers , first appearing on the band 's 1989 album , Mother 's Milk . The group 's follow-up album , Blood Sugar Sex Magik -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , was a breakthrough success . Frusciante became overwhelmed by the band 's new popularity and quit in 1992 . He became a recluse and entered a long period of drug addiction , during which he released his first solo recordings : Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt -LRB- 1994 -RRB- and Smile from the Streets You Hold -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . In 1998 , he successfully completed drug rehabilitation and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers . Their next album , Californication -LRB- 1999 -RRB- would eventually go on to sell 16 million copies . His album To Record Only Water for Ten Days was released in 2001 . A fourth album with the Chili Peppers , By the Way was released in 2002 . On a creative spree , Frusciante released six solo albums in 2004 ; each album explored different recording techniques and genres . 2006 saw the release of his fifth and final album with the Chili Peppers , Stadium Arcadium . In 2009 , Frusciante released The Empyrean , which features Flea and Josh Klinghoffer , and announced he had again parted ways with the Chili Peppers . Frusciante has received critical recognition for his guitar playing , ranking at number 18 on Rolling Stones list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' in 2003 ; and again in a second list published in 2011 , where he ranked at number 72 . He was ranked as number 42 in Gibson 's list of the `` 50 Best Guitarists of All Time '' . He was voted `` The Best Guitarist of the Last 30 Years '' in a 2010 BBC poll called `` The Axe Factor '' . Frusciante was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers on April 14 , 2012 although he did not attend the ceremony . ", "John Alexander Manzoni -LRB- born 1960 -RRB- is a British civil servant and business executive . He was the responsible board member at BP at the time of the Texas City Refinery explosion , and now serves as Chief Executive of the Civil Service and the Permanent Secretary of the Cabinet Office . ", "Lars Kristiansen Blilie -LRB- 5 April 1820 -- 17 December 1892 -RRB- was a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Liberal Party . He worked as a farmer in the traditional region of Toten in Oppland , Norway . He was also involved in local politics , serving as mayor of Vestre Toten from 1866 to 1871 . He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1871 , representing the constituency of Kristians Amt . He was re-elected in 1874 , 1880 and 1883 . His son Mathias Larsen Blilie followed in his footsteps , becoming both mayor and a member of Parliament . ", "John Neilson -LRB- 17701827 -RRB- was an Irish immigrant to the United States who eventually settled in Virginia and became a prominent 19th-century master carpenter and joiner , as well as architect and builder . He is most known for his work at Monticello , Montpelier , Bremo , and the University of Virginia . ", "The Reverend Richard F. Bansemer -LRB- born May 26 , 1940 -RRB- is a Lutheran pastor who served as Bishop of the Virginia Synod from 1987-1999 . Richard F. Bansemer was born to Reinhold Matthias and Oralee Ann Brierly Bansemer . Bansemer was ordained in 1966 , with a Bachelor of Divinity from Southern Seminary . He holds honorary Doctor of Divinity Degrees from Roanoke College in Salem , Virginia , and from Newberry College , Newberry , South Carolina . He married Miss Mary Ann Troutman in 1971 . The Reverend Bansemer served University Lutheran in Gainesville Florida -LRB- 1966-1968 -RRB- , and then St. John parish in Roanoke from 1968-1973 , and was then called to serve as pastor and mission developer of Lord of the Mountains Lutheran in Dillon , Colorado . From 1978-1987 he served Rural Retreat Parish -LRB- Grace and St. Paul -RRB- in Rural Retreat , Virginia , and then served as Bishop of the Virginia Synod from 1987 until his retirement in 1999 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Stanford_prison_experiment", "Glossip_v._Gross", "Five_techniques", "Penitentiary_-LRB-1938_film-RRB-", "Tennard_v._Dretke" ]

[ "The Stanford prison experiment -LRB- SPE -RRB- was an attempt to investigate the psychological effects of perceived power , focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison guards . It was conducted at Stanford University on August 14 -- 20 , 1971 , by a research group led by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo using college students . It was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research as an investigation into the causes of difficulties between guards and prisoners in the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps . The experiment is a topic covered in most introductory psychology textbooks . Some participants developed their roles as the guards and enforced authoritarian measures and ultimately subjected some prisoners to psychological torture . Many of the prisoners passively accepted psychological abuse and , by the guards ' request , actively harassed other prisoners who tried to stop it . Zimbardo , in his role as the superintendent , allowed abuse to continue . Two of the prisoners left mid-experiment , and the whole exercise was abandoned after six days following the objections of graduate student Christina Maslach , whom Zimbardo was dating -LRB- and later married -RRB- . Certain portions of the experiment were filmed , and excerpts of footage are publicly available . ", "Glossip v. Gross , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held 5-4 that lethal injections using midazolam do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Court found that condemned prisoners can only challenge their method of execution after providing a known and available alternative method . ", "The five techniques were illegal interrogation methods which were originally developed by the British military in other operational theatres and then applied to detainees during the Troubles in Northern Ireland . They have been defined as prolonged wall-standing , hooding , subjection to noise , deprivation of sleep , and deprivation of food and drink . They were first used in Northern Ireland in 1971 as part of Operation Demetrius -- the mass arrest and internment -LRB- imprisonment without trial -RRB- of people suspected of involvement with the Irish Republican Army -LRB- IRA -RRB- . Out of those arrested , fourteen were subjected to a programme of `` deep interrogation '' using the five techniques . This took place at a secret interrogation centre in Northern Ireland . For seven days , when not being interrogated , the detainees were kept hooded and handcuffed in a cold cell and subjected to a continuous loud hissing noise . Here they were forced to stand in a stress position for many hours and were deprived of sleep , food and drink . They were also repeatedly beaten , and some reported being kicked in the genitals , having their heads banged against walls and being threatened with injections . The effect was prolonged pain , physical and mental exhaustion , severe anxiety , depression , hallucinations , disorientation and repeated loss of consciousness . It also resulted in long-term psychological trauma . The fourteen became known as `` the Hooded Men '' and were the only detainees in Northern Ireland subjected to all five techniques together . Other detainees were subjected to at least one of the five techniques along with other interrogation methods . In 1976 , the European Commission of Human Rights ruled that the five techniques amounted to torture . The case was then referred to the European Court of Human Rights . In 1978 the court ruled that the techniques were `` inhuman and degrading '' and breached the European Convention on Human Rights , but did not amount to `` torture '' . In 2014 , after new information was uncovered that showed the decision to use methods of torture in Northern Ireland in 1971-1972 had been taken by ministers , the Irish Government asked the European Court of Human Rights to review its judgement and acknowledge the five techniques as torture . The Court 's ruling that the five techniques did not amount to torture was later cited by the United States and Israel to justify their own interrogation methods , which included the five techniques . British agents also taught the five techniques to the forces of Brazil 's military dictatorship . During the Iraq War , the illegal use of the five techniques by British soldiers contributed to the death of Baha Mousa . ", "Penitentiary is a 1938 American crime film directed by John Brahm starring Walter Connolly , John Howard , Jean Parker and Robert Barrat . It was the second Columbia Pictures film adaptation of the 1929 stage play The Criminal Code by Martin Flavin , after Howard Hawk 's The Criminal Code -LRB- 1931 -RRB- and followed by Henry Levin 's Convicted -LRB- 1950 -RRB- . ", "Tennard v. Dretke , 542 U.S. 274 -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court was asked whether evidence of the defendant 's low IQ in a death penalty trial had been adequately presented to the jury for full consideration in the penalty phase of his trial . The Supreme Court held that not considering a defendant 's low IQ would breach his Eighth Amendment rights and constitute a cruel and unusual punishment . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Van_Zant", "Johnny_Van_Zant", "Ronnie_Van_Zant", "No_More_Dirty_Deals", "Skynyrd's_Innyrds" ]

[ "Van Zant is an American musical duo composed of brothers Donnie Van Zant and Johnny Van Zant . Both are brothers of the late Ronnie Van Zant , former lead singer for the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd . Johnny became the lead vocalist for the reunited Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1987 , and Donnie was also the leader and vocalist of .38 Special . Initially a Southern rock band , Van Zant first recorded in the 1980s on Geffen Records before disbanding . Johnny and Donnie re-established Van Zant in 1998 to record two albums for CMC International , switching their focus to country music in 2005 , with two more albums on Columbia Records as a duo . The duo 's first Columbia album , Get Right with the Man , produced a Top Ten country hit in `` Help Somebody . '' ", "John Roy `` Johnny '' Van Zant -LRB- born February 27 , 1959 -RRB- is an American musician and the current lead vocalist of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd . He is the younger brother of the late Lynyrd Skynyrd co-founder and former lead vocalist Ronnie Van Zant , and of the .38 Special founder , Donnie Van Zant . Van Zant performed during the 1970s with his first band , The Austin Nickels Band . They later changed their name to The Johnny Van Zant Band releasing their debut solo album , No More Dirty Deals , in 1980 . Original members of The Johnny Van Zant Band consisted of Van Zant on lead vocals , Robbie Gay on guitar , Danny Clausman , on bass , Erik Lundgren on lead guitar , Robbie Morris , drums and Joan Hecht -LRB- previously Joan Cusumano -RRB- and Nancy Henderson on background vocals . Van Zant released three more solo albums between 1981 and 1985 , before taking a break from the music business . He became lead vocalist for the reunited Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1987 , and continues to record and perform with them today . He released another solo album , Brickyard Road , in 1990 , which featured the popular title track , which was a # 1 hit on the U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for three weeks . He also records and performs with his brother , Donnie , as Van Zant since 1998 . In May 2006 , less than one day before he was to perform at KSAN-FM 107.7 The Bone 's Bone Bash 7 , Van Zant underwent emergency surgery to have his appendix removed . Treated at Stanford University Medical Center in Palo Alto , California , after reporting pain to a doctor earlier in the day . The incident forced the band to cancel three U.S. shows . Van Zant is a fan of the Jacksonville Jaguars . He recorded a video , along with remaining members of Lynyrd Skynyrd , that is played at every Jaguars home game on the Everbank Field video board . According to Skynyrd 's website , Van Zant was again hospitalized on August 6 , 2011 at the Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis , Minnesota due to complications from a previous surgery . According to the website , Van Zant had a `` surgical site '' infected with cellulitus which required both hospitalization ad IV/Antibiotic Treatment . He began displaying signs of a staph infection and other symptoms related to the infection . His subsequent illness resulted in a number of scheduled performances being cancelled . ", "Ronald Wayne `` Ronnie '' Van Zant -LRB- January 15 , 1948 -- October 20 , 1977 -RRB- was an American lead vocalist , primary lyricist , and a founding member of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd . He was the older brother of current Lynyrd Skynyrd lead vocalist Johnny Van Zant , and of the founder and vocalist of 38 Special , Donnie Van Zant . He was the father of singer Tammy Van Zant , and cousin of musician Jimmie Van Zant . ", "No More Dirty Deals is Johnny Van Zant 's début solo album . ", "Skynyrd 's Innyrds : Their Greatest Hits is the title of the 1989 Lynyrd Skynyrd greatest hits album . It was certified 5x platinum in July 2001 by the RIAA . " ]

[ 0, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "2013_Africa_Cup_of_Nations", "1968_African_Cup_of_Nations", "Africa_Cup_of_Nations", "2002_African_Cup_of_Nations", "1957_African_Cup_of_Nations" ]

[ "The 2013 Africa Cup of Nations , also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013 for sponsorship reasons , held from 19 January to 10 February 2013 , was the 29th Africa Cup of Nations , the football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football -LRB- CAF -RRB- . Starting from this edition , the tournament was switched to being held in odd-numbered years instead of even-numbered years so that it does not clash with the FIFA World Cup . South Africa hosted the tournament for the second time , after previously hosting the 1996 African Cup of Nations . The 2013 tournament is the highest attended edition of the Africa Cup of Nations under the current , 16-team format . The South African team was eliminated in the quarter-finals by Mali , following a penalty shoot-out . Nigeria won its third Africa Cup of Nations championship with a 1 -- 0 victory over Burkina Faso in the final . Nigeria participated in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in Brazil as the representative from CAF . ", "The 1968 African Cup of Nations was the sixth edition of the Africa Cup of Nations , the soccer championship of Africa -LRB- CAF -RRB- . It was hosted by Ethiopia . The field expanded to eight teams , split into two groups of four ; the top two teams in each group advanced to the semifinals . Congo-Kinshasa won its first championship , beating Ghana in the final 1 − 0 . Prior to this tournament , the African Cup of Nations were held once every three years , following 1968 they were held once every two years . ", "The Africa Cup of Nations , officially CAN -LRB- Coupe d'Afrique des Nations -RRB- , also referred to as African Cup of Nations , or AFCON , is the main international association football competition in Africa . It is sanctioned by the Confederation of African Football -LRB- CAF -RRB- , and was first held in 1957 . Since 1968 , it has been held every two years . The title holders at the time of a FIFA Confederations Cup qualify for that competition . In 1957 there were only three participating nations : Egypt , Sudan and Ethiopia . South Africa was originally scheduled to compete , but were disqualified due to the apartheid policies of the government then in power . Since then , the tournament has grown greatly , making it necessary to hold a qualifying tournament . The number of participants in the final tournament reached 16 in 1998 -LRB- 16 teams were to compete in 1996 but Nigeria withdrew , reducing the field to 15 , and the same happened with Togo 's withdrawal in 2010 -RRB- , and since then , the format has been unchanged , with the sixteen teams being drawn into four groups of four teams each , with the top two teams of each group advancing to a `` knock-out '' stage . Egypt is the most successful nation in the cup 's history , winning the tournament a record of seven times -LRB- including when Egypt was known as the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961 -RRB- . Three different trophies have been awarded during the tournament 's history , with Ghana and Cameroon winning the first two versions to keep after each of them won a tournament three times . The current trophy was first awarded in 2002 and with Egypt winning it indefinitely after winning their unprecedented third consecutive title in 2010 . As of 2013 , the tournament was switched to being held in odd-numbered years so as not to clash with the FIFA World Cup . In July 2016 , Total has secured an eight-year sponsorship package from the Confederation of African Football -LRB- CAF -RRB- to support 10 of its principal competitions . Total will start with the Africa Cup of Nations to be held in Gabon therefore renaming it Total Africa cup of Nations . ", "The 2002 African Cup of Nations was the 23rd edition of the Africa Cup of Nations , the association football championship of Africa -LRB- CAF -RRB- . It was hosted by Mali . Just like in 2000 , the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four . Cameroon won its fourth championship -LRB- repeating as champions -RRB- , beating Senegal on penalty kicks 3 − 2 after a goalless draw . ", "The 1957 African Cup of Nations was the first edition of the Africa Cup of Nations , the football championship of Africa -LRB- CAF -RRB- . It was hosted by Sudan , and three teams participated : Egypt , Sudan , and Ethiopia . The tournament has the fewest goals to be scored , as well as the fewest games to be played , at any African cup of nations tournaments . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Neuromodulation", "Prenylamine", "Acetylcholine", "Depolarization-induced_suppression_of_inhibition", "Streptolidine" ]

[ "Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons . This is in contrast to classical synaptic transmission , in which one presynaptic neuron directly influences a single postsynaptic partner . Neuromodulators secreted by a small group of neurons diffuse through large areas of the nervous system , affecting multiple neurons . Major neuromodulators in the central nervous system include dopamine , serotonin , acetylcholine , histamine , and norepinephrine . Neuromodulation can be conceptualized as a neurotransmitter that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite . Such neuromodulators end up spending a significant amount of time in the cerebrospinal fluid -LRB- CSF -RRB- , influencing -LRB- or `` modulating '' -RRB- the activity of several other neurons in the brain . For this reason , some neurotransmitters are also considered to be neuromodulators , such as serotonin and acetylcholine . Neuromodulation is often contrasted with classical fast synaptic transmission . In both cases the transmitter acts on local postsynaptic receptors , but in neuromodulation , the receptors are typically G-protein coupled receptors while in classical chemical neurotransmission , they are ligand-gated ion channels . Neurotransmission that involves metabotropic receptors -LRB- like G-protein linked receptors -RRB- often also involves voltage-gated ion channels , and is relatively slow . Conversely , neurotransmission that involves exclusively ligand-gated ion channels is much faster . A related distinction is also sometimes drawn between modulator and driver synaptic inputs to a neuron , but here the emphasis is on modulating ongoing neuronal spiking versus causing that spiking . ", "Prenylamine -LRB- Segontin -RRB- is a calcium channel blocker of the amphetamine chemical class which was used as a vasodilator in the treatment of angina pectoris ; it was introduced in the 1960s by German manufacturer Albert-Roussel pharma gmbh which was acquired by Hoechst AG in 1974 and which in turn became part of Sanofi Aventis in 2005 . It was withdrawn from market worldwide in 1988 because it caused QT prolongation and Torsades de pointes which in turn caused sudden death . The cardiac side effects were not detected during clinical development , but only emerged after the drug was widely used . Prenylamine has two primary molecular target in human , Calmodulin and Myosin light-chain kinase 2 found in skeletal and cardiac muscle . Pharmacologically , it decreases the sympathetic stimulation on cardiac muscle predominantly through partial depletion of catecholamine via competitive inhibition of reuptake by storage granule , which lead to further depletion due to spontaneous leakage as a result of disturbance of equilibrium . This depletion mechanism is similar to reserpine because both agents target the same site on storage granule , however prenylamine shows a high affinity for cardiac tissue while reserpine is more selective toward brain tissue . Prenylamine also slows cardiac metabolism via calcium transport delay by blockade of magnesium-dependent calcium transport ATPase . It also demonstrate a beta blocker-like activity that result in reduction of heart rate however shows opposing effect on tracheal tissue response . ", "Acetylcholine -LRB- ACh -RRB- is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals , including humans , as a neurotransmitter -- a chemical released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells . Its name is derived from its chemical structure : it is an ester of acetic acid and choline . Parts in the body that use or are affected by acetylcholine are referred to as cholinergic . Substances that interfere with acetylcholine activity are called anticholinergics . Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction -- in other words , it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles . This property means that drugs that affect cholinergic systems can have very dangerous effects ranging from paralysis to convulsions . Acetylcholine is also used as a neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system , both as an internal transmitter for the sympathetic nervous system and as the final product released by the parasympathetic nervous system . In the brain , acetylcholine functions as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator . The brain contains a number of cholinergic areas , each with distinct functions . They play an important role in arousal , attention , memory and motivation . Partly because of its muscle-activating function , but also because of its functions in the autonomic nervous system and brain , a large number of important drugs exert their effects by altering cholinergic transmission . Numerous venoms and toxins produced by plants , animals , and bacteria , as well as chemical nerve agents such as Sarin , cause harm by inactivating or hyperactivating muscles via their influences on the neuromuscular junction . Drugs that act on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors , such as atropine , can be poisonous in large quantities , but in smaller doses they are commonly used to treat certain heart conditions and eye problems . Scopolamine , which acts mainly on muscarinic receptors in the brain , can cause delirium and amnesia . The addictive qualities of nicotine derive from its effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain . ", "Depolarization Induced Suppression Of Inhibition is the classical and original electrophysiological example of endocannabinoid function in the central nervous system . Prior to the demonstration that Depolarization Induced Suppression Of Inhibition was dependent on the cannabinoid CB1 receptor function , there was no way of producing an in vitro endocannabinoid mediated effect . Depolarization Induced Suppression Of Inhibition is classically produced in a brain slice experiment -LRB- i.e. a 300-400 µm slice of brain , with intact axons and synapses -RRB- where a single neuron is `` depolarized '' -LRB- the normal − 70 mV potential across the neuronal membrane is reduced , usually to − 30 to 0 mV -RRB- for a period of 1 to 10 seconds . After the depolarization , inhibitory GABA mediated neurotransmission is reduced . This has been demonstrated to be caused by the release of endogenous cannabinoids from the depolarized neuron which diffuses to nearby neurons , and binds and activates CB1 receptors , which act presynaptically to reduce neurotransmitter release . ", "Streptolidine is an amino acid isolated from the hydrolyzate of the Streptomyces antibiotics streptothricin and streptolin . Its structure was first elucidated by chemical degradation and later by x-ray crystallography . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "B._R._Ambedkar", "Amrik_Singh", "Amnon_Lipkin-Shahak", "Nathu_Ram_Ahirwar", "Mehar_Singh" ]

[ "Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar -LRB- 14 April 1891 -- 6 December 1956 -RRB- , popularly known as Baba Saheb , was an Indian jurist , economist , politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist Movement and campaigned against social discrimination against Untouchables -LRB- Dalits -RRB- , while also supporting the rights of women and labour . He was Independent India 's first law minister and the principal architect of the Constitution of India . Ambedkar was a prolific student , earning doctorates in economics from both Columbia University and the London School of Economics , and gained a reputation as a scholar for his research in law , economics and political science . In his early career he was an economist , professor , and lawyer . His later life was marked by his political activities ; he became involved in campaigning and negotiations for India 's independence , publishing journals , advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits , and contributing significantly to the establishment of the state of India . In 1956 he converted to Buddhism , initiating mass conversions of Dalits . In 1990 , the Bharat Ratna , India 's highest civilian award , was posthumously conferred upon Ambedkar . Ambedkar 's legacy includes numerous memorials and depictions in popular culture . ", "Amrik Singh -LRB- 1948 -- June 6 , 1984 -RRB- was the President of the Sikh Students Federation He was killed in the army operation in Golden Temple , Amritsar , on June 6 , 1984 . Amrik Singh was the son of Sant Giani Kartar Singh Bhindranwale , the 13th leader of the Damdami Taksal . He was well versed in Gurbani and Sikh literature , and devoted much of his life to Sikh missionary activities . He had passed his Masters in Punjabi from Khalsa College in Amritsar after which he began research work on his Ph.D. thesis . Amrik Singh was a prominent leader of the orthodox Sikh faction along with Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale . He contested the 1979 Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee -LRB- SGPC -RRB- election , backed by Bhindranwale , but lost to Jiwan Singh Umranangal . On 26 April 1982 , he led a campaign to get Amritsar the status of a `` holy city '' . During the agitation , he was arrested on 19 July 1982 along with other members of the Damdami Taksal . Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale began the Dharam Yudh Morcha to implement the Anandpur Resolution which primarily requested more autonomy for the Punjabi 's , arguing that they were being oppressed and treated unfairly by the Indian government . As part of the Morcha , he also demanded freedom for Amrik Singh and other prominent Sikhs . ", "Amnon Lipkin-Shahak -LRB- אמנון ליפקין-שחק March 18 , 1944 -- December 19 , 2012 -RRB- was an Israeli military officer and politician . He served as Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces , as a Member of the Knesset , and as Minister of Transportation and Tourism . ", "Nathu Ram Ahirwar -LRB- 1 July 1923 -- 5 December 2013 -RRB- was an Indian politician , social leader , Former Education minister and educationist from the village of Bhamoura Khas in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh , India . Former minister of Madhya Pradesh and senior Congress leader died at his ancestral village Bhamoura Khas here following brief illness . Ahirwar , who had been ailing for quite some time , died on 5 December 2013 around 18:00 , his family said . He has served as a Member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly for years 1957-62 and was also elected as a Member of Fourth Lok Sabha - -LRB- 1967 -- 70 -RRB- and Fifth Lok Sabha - -LRB- 1971-1977 -RRB- as a member of Congress Party from Tikamgarh constituency , a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes . He has also served as Minister of State for Rehabilitation and Cooperation and Education Minister . He was elected as Member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Khargapur constituency in 1977 as representative of Janata Party and in 1980 as member of Congress Party . After 1997 , he left Congress and joined Bahujan Samaj Party . He is noted for his activities for betterment of scheduled castes and also an educationist , who served as member of Secondary Education Committee , Madhya Pradesh -LRB- 1958 -- 63 -RRB- . He has also founded a Higher Secondary School at Teharka Tikamgarh and also is Vice-President , Degree College of Newari near Tikamgarh . ", "Padri Mehar Singh was one of the founding members of Fiji 's Kisan Sangh when it was established in 1937 . He remained a prominent member of the union until 1943 , when he and Ramcharan Singh led a faction that supported the strike instigated by the rival union , Maha Sangh , led by A. D. Patel . While most of his supporters rejoined the Kisan Sangh led by Ayodhya Prasad in 1946 , Mehar Singh and his remaining supporters , mainly Sikhs , formed the Vishal Sangh . This union with a small support base remained a junior partner to the Maha Sangh from then on . Category : Fijian trade unionists Category : Fijian Sikhs Category : Fiji sugar industry Category : Year of birth missing Category : Place of birth missing Category : Year of death missing Category : Place of death missing " ]

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