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0.512295 | 31a9912e4c15417881e872ab1c1fe6a0 | Visualization and quantification of the actin meshwork organization near the basal membrane during GSIS using SIM.SIM images of actin (green) and ISGs (red) under basal conditions (a, d) and 16.7 mM glucose stimulation for 5 min (first phase; b, e), and 30 min (second phase; c, f). a, b, c 2D projection of a 300 nm-thick volume from the basal membrane. d, e, f Zoomed-in views showing actin meshworks peripheral to ISGs. The images for subsequent skeletonization analysis are also highlighted with a small white rectangle of 0.97 um2. g Actin and ISG images on selected subsections and corresponding skeletonized actin meshworks. (n = 24, four sampled subsections on each cell, six cells used in each condition). For further analysis, only actin bundles with lengths longer than or equal to one pixel were considered. h Total length of actin meshwork in each subsection under different conditions. i Number of actin network junctions in each subsection under different conditions. * indicates p<0.05. ** indicates p<0.01. *** indicates p<0.001. **** indicates p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA. A total of six INS-1E β-cells were prepared and used in three independent experiments for all conditions. | PMC10104243 | nihpp-rs2694866v1-f0001.jpg |
0.412303 | 8f63bd6bf2884bfa8b706233a44eebbc | Quantitative analysis of actin filament and MT orientations at the cell periphery during GSIS.a, b, c Slices through a tomogram under basal conditions (2.8 Glu - 30 min; a), in the first phase (16.7 Glu - 5 min, b), and in the second phase (16.7 Glu - 30 min, c). Arrows indicate actin filaments (orange), MTs (violet), ISGs (blue), endoplasmic reticulum (ER; green), lysosomes (silver), and ribosomes (white). d, e, f Respective segmentations with the same color code. Non-ISG membranes are shown in gray. g, h Volume ratio of actin filaments (g) or MTs (h) to the tomogram in each tomogram under different stimulation conditions. i Orientation of actin filaments under different stimulation conditions. * indicates p<0.05. ** indicates p<0.01. *** indicates p<0.001. **** indicates p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA. n = 24 tomograms, corresponding to eight tomograms for each condition from three biologically independent experiments. | PMC10104243 | nihpp-rs2694866v1-f0002.jpg |
0.408071 | e0f438e32dbc43c7b56cab8b96d94e25 | Quantitative analysis of actin filament and MT orientations in the cell interior during GSIS.a, b, c Reconstructed tomograms under basal conditions (2.8 Glu - 30 min; a), in the first phase (16.7 Glu - 5 min; b), and in the second phase (16.7 Glu - 30 min, c). Arrows indicate actin filaments (orange), MTs (violet), ISGs (blue), ER (green), mitochondria (red), lysosomes (silver), and ribosomes (white). d, e, f Respective segmentations with the same color code. Non-ISG membranes are shown in gray. g, h Fraction of actin filaments (g) or MTs (h) in each tomogram under different stimulation conditions. h Fraction of MTs in each tomogram under different stimulation conditions. i Orientation of actin filaments under different stimulation conditions. * indicates p<0.05. ** indicates p<0.01. *** indicates p<0.001. **** indicates p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA. n = 18 tomograms, corresponding to six tomograms for each condition from three biologically independent experiments. | PMC10104243 | nihpp-rs2694866v1-f0003.jpg |
0.412022 | ef17cc0e12474907af88bac9cae3153c | Quantitative analysis of actin filament organization at the cell periphery.a-d Actin filaments represented as a function of their orientation relative to the PM colored in a blue-to-red color map (shown in a) as a function of their orientation relative to the PM, before (a, b) and after (c, d) remodeling in two different views. e, f Density map of the distance between actin filaments as a function of the angle between actin filaments before (e) and after (f) remodeling. g Histogram of the distances between actin filaments whose orientation relative to the PM is less than 45° before and after remodeling. Bin size = 10. h Histogram of the distances between actin filaments whose orientation relative to the PM is greater than or equal to 45° before and after remodeling. Bin size = 10. Each point on the density map reflects the corresponding density values by calculating kernel density. | PMC10104243 | nihpp-rs2694866v1-f0004.jpg |
0.458211 | 55e3c37cbcf54f4ba0522789d4ee0a26 | Quantitative analysis of PM-anchored actin filaments at the cell periphery.a, c 3D visualization of actin filaments (anchored: violet, not anchored: green) before (a) and after (c) remodeling. b, d Zoomed-in views of the actin filaments highlighted in a and c, represented as a function of their orientation relative to the PM in a blue-to-red color map, before (b) and after (d) remodeling. e, f Density map of the distance between PM-anchored actin filaments as a function of their orientation relative to the PM before (e) and after (f) remodeling. g Histogram of the angle between PM-anchored actin filaments whose orientation is less than 45° relative to the PM before and after remodeling. Bin size = 15. h Histogram of the angle between PM-anchored actin filaments whose orientation relative to the PM is greater than or equal to 45° before and after remodeling. Bin size = 15. Each point on the density map reflects the corresponding density values by calculating kernel density. | PMC10104243 | nihpp-rs2694866v1-f0005.jpg |
0.443898 | 464f58b73f8746f3ba265326e7547355 | Quantification of the interaction between actin filaments and MTs with ISGs.a, b ISGs (gray) and actin filaments (same color code as in Fig. 4) visualized under basal conditions (a) and in the second phase (b). Results are shown in the XY (a) and XZ (b) planes. c, d Zoomed-in views of actin filaments in the vicinity of ISGs (gray) in positions highlighted by a black box in a and b, respectively. c Example distances d1 = 9 nm, d2 = 17.7 nm. d Example distances d1 = 15.4 nm, d2 = 9.1 nm. e, f ISGs (gray) and MTs (violet) are visualized under basal conditions (e) and in the second phase (f). g, h Zoomed-in views of the MTs (violet) with ISGs (gray) in positions highlighted by a black box under basal conditions (g) and in the second phase (h). i Plot of the distance distribution between actin filaments and ISGs under basal conditions and in the second phase. Bin size = 75. j, k Density maps of the shortest distance between actin filaments and ISGs as a function of their orientation relative to the PM under basal conditions (j) and in the second phase (k). l Plot of the distance distribution between MTs and ISGs under basal conditions and in the second phase. Bin size = 100. Each point on the density map reflects the corresponding density values by calculating kernel density. | PMC10104243 | nihpp-rs2694866v1-f0006.jpg |
0.400306 | 9f5bcc0b3fec4e8d813ec15c33cd70d1 | Distance between actin filaments and MTs during GSIS.a, b Actin filament (same color code as in Fig. 4) and MT (violet) organization shown in the XZ plane under basal conditions (a) and in the second phase (b). c, d Zoomed-in views of actin filaments in the vicinity of ISGs (gray) in positions highlighted by a black box in a and b, respectively. e, f Density maps of the shortest distance between actin filaments and MTs under basal conditions (e) and in the second phase (f). Each point on the density map reflects the corresponding density values by calculating kernel density. | PMC10104243 | nihpp-rs2694866v1-f0007.jpg |
0.439704 | ae0827abed9c438b973212e9223078c4 | Schematic representation of the model for actin remodeling at the cell periphery during GSIS.The actin filaments, MTs, and ISGs at the cell periphery during GSIS under basal conditions, first phase, and second phase are depicted. | PMC10104243 | nihpp-rs2694866v1-f0008.jpg |
0.398017 | 7e8181d850ff4770a9e62614a11c03d7 | Bland-Altman plots for sleep efficiency, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, N1 + N2, N3, and REM sleep.Bias and lower and upper LoA between PSG and Somno-Art Software of the overall group are represented (n = 458). Black dots represent the healthy group (n = 79), green diamond OSA patients (n = 33), pink upward triangle insomniac patients (n = 135), and blue downward triangle MDD patients (n = 211). | PMC10104381 | zpab019f0001.jpg |
0.42599 | 938280376135458da5965becbc498482 | Example of hypnograms obtained with PSG (in black) and Somno-Art Software (in blue) for a healthy subject, an obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), an insomniac and a MDD patient. W, wake. | PMC10104381 | zpab019f0002.jpg |
0.45552 | 882d458b8db34479a050296a77893b5b | Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among school teachers in Gondar city, north-west Ethiopia, 2019 (n=822). | PMC10106045 | bmjopen-2022-069159f01.jpg |
0.478171 | a95ed59fd764494d83d501bb99369dea | Pathways among meaning in life, family care index, depression, and quality of life. | PMC10106746 | fpubh-11-1079593-g001.jpg |
0.446651 | 2e499c0d5d144b27981d487da8bcbeab | Clinical course of the patient, including changes in hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and administered treatments. Administration of vitamins C and E was started at 5 days of age, and metabolic acidosis was corrected with sodium bicarbonate injection depending on the degree of worsening acidosis at first presentation and with regular sodium bicarbonate injection after 14 days of age. The oral route was used to start administering sodium bicarbonate when the patient was 19 days of age. After discharge, several episodes of febrile convulsions were observed from age 11 months, but since the age of 2 years no seizures have recurred. Hb – hemoglobin; Fc – febrile convulsions; GE – gastroenteritis; NaHCO3 – sodium bicarbonate; PB – Phenobarbital; PT – phototherapyl Alb – albumin; RBC – red blood cell transfusion; Epo – erythropoietin; i.v. – intravenous injection; p.o. – per os. This original figure was created by Satoshi Ekuni. | PMC10106969 | amjcaserep-24-e938396-g001.jpg |
0.41251 | a0bce7bb37034cafb448730f721a0e79 | Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at age 25 months. Brain MRI shows dilated ventricular and mild brain atrophy. This figure is an original image. | PMC10106969 | amjcaserep-24-e938396-g002.jpg |
0.52274 | d60603864290467ba0748a237ed4fe51 | γ-Glutamyl cycle. Glutathione (GSH) is synthesized from glutamine and cysteine by γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GS) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) during the γ-glutamyl cycle. In patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency (GSD), the reduction in GS activity leads to the intracellular accumulation of γ-glutamylcysteine, which is converted to 5-oxoproline (OXP) and cysteine, with the resultant increase in 5-OXP concentration in blood and urine. This figure was created by Satoshi Ekuni, based on data from Ristoff E, Larsson A. Inborn errors in the metabolism of glutathione. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007; 2: 16. | PMC10106969 | amjcaserep-24-e938396-g003.jpg |
0.416921 | ffa5a80d383e403785b8df56cb9fc242 | (A) Amino acid conservation among species in the GSS. The Glu144 and Gly269 residues was highly conservation of among species in GSS. (B) A scheme of the predicted binding sites in the human glutathione synthetase cDNA and missense variants. GSS is composed of 13 exons. The variants in this case are shown in red arrow. Fourteen pathogenic missense variants in GSS [7] are indicated in black. The Glu144 residue is in a magnesium binding site and ATP binding site. The p.G269S in this case is in the vicinity of the pathogenic variants. This figure was created from data provided in previous studies [7,18,19]. | PMC10106969 | amjcaserep-24-e938396-g004.jpg |
0.42615 | 19ff526cdfc440b4b0f84995abb2756c |
Findings of initial double-balloon small intestinal endoscopy. A: Initial double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) shows multiple oblique ulcers with discrete margins, 70-100 cm proximal to the ileal valve; B: The circular ulcers with slight constriction of the small intestinal lumen at initial DBE; C: Follow-up DBE performed 1 year later shows mucosal healing; D: The oblique ulcer and scars at 70 cm proximal to the ileal valve at follow-up DBE. | PMC10107214 | WJG-29-1757-g001.jpg |
0.433489 | 6f83c0aa3a3b4c59a2549097c149109f |
Histopathological findings of ileal tissue obtained from double-balloon enteroscopy. A: Hematoxylin and eosin staining (× 100) shows mild villous atrophy; B: Hematoxylin and eosin staining (× 400) shows moderate to severe histological eosinophilic infiltration (maximum 80 eosinophils/high-power field); C: Hematoxylin and eosin staining (× 400) shows crypt destruction (cryptitis). | PMC10107214 | WJG-29-1757-g002.jpg |
0.402237 | 1eeb4a79696f42459496ce154bab2ce6 |
Macroscopic and microscopic histological findings of the resected ileum. A: Macroscopically, strictures are observed 40 cm and 44 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve (arrowhead); B: Resected ileum shows ulcer formation and peri-ulcer mucosal damage histologically; C: No significant eosinophilic infiltration is observed transmurally; D: Resected ileum at the ileostomy closure shows marked eosinophilic infiltration (> 50/high-power field) in the subserosa. | PMC10107214 | WJG-29-1757-g003.jpg |
0.490069 | 4b463c7d91b04a98aa71f61983a0977d |
Description of the study flowchart.
| PMC10107215 | WJG-29-1735-g001.jpg |
0.416269 | fa54b6ec9b694cd59de201f68574b972 |
Hematoxylin-eosin staining. A: The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of N1c; B: The HE staining of non-N1c. | PMC10107215 | WJG-29-1735-g002.jpg |
0.411074 | 57f0088341084b088b64344c348e228b |
Overall survival. A: The overall survival of the patient with/without lymphovascular invasion (LVI); B: The overall survival of the non-N1c patient with/without LVI; C: The overall survival of the N1c patient with/without LVI. | PMC10107215 | WJG-29-1735-g003.jpg |
0.421324 | c6d07d5273214eae8ed0ad41b2130e71 |
Disease-free survival. A: The disease-free survival of the patients with/without lymphovascular invasion (LVI); B: The disease-free survival of the non-N1c patient with/without LVI; C: The disease-free survival of the N1c patient with/without LVI. | PMC10107215 | WJG-29-1735-g004.jpg |
0.392446 | 7e7fe155dc574379ae286f5e8ec5191a | Extracted molecular ion chromatograms of a) the synthetic or purchased standard compounds acetyl‐CoA (Ac, m/z 810), propionyl‐CoA (Prop, m/z 824), isobutyryl‐CoA (IsoBut, m/z 838), butyryl‐CoA (But, m/z 838), 2‐methylbutyryl‐CoA (2MeBut, m/z 852), isovaleryl‐CoA (IsoVal, m/z 852), benzoyl‐CoA (Benz, m/z 872), and phenylacetyl‐CoA (PheAc, m/z 886), b) the same compounds detected in a cell extract of D. toluolica Tol2T grown with toluene and c) the corresponding inosino‐CoA thioesters (respective m/z + 1) in the same cell extract. | PMC10107677 | CBIC-24-0-g003.jpg |
0.448768 | 16ea99931c3c4d6a937d67902657882f | a) ESI(+)‐HRMS spectrum along with b) MS2 (fragmentation of m/z 873) and c) MS3 (fragmentation of m/z 429) spectra of benzoyl‐inosino‐CoA eluting at 15.34 min from a cell extract of D. toluolica Tol2T grown with toluene. d) Fragmentation pattern of benzoyl‐inosino‐CoA. | PMC10107677 | CBIC-24-0-g004.jpg |
0.510514 | eb863167742b4aacb6e3791dd656e76d | Extracted ion chromatograms (m/z 873) of a) a synthetic standard (benzoyl‐inosino‐CoA), b) a cell extract of D. toluolica Tol2T grown with fumarate and c) a co‐injection of the synthetic standard (benzoyl‐inosino‐CoA) and the cell extract. Benz: benzoyl‐CoA; BenzIno: benzoyl‐inosino‐CoA; BenzIsoIno: benzoyl‐isoinosino‐CoA. | PMC10107677 | CBIC-24-0-g005.jpg |
0.432477 | dd0f33ca3b4c4fd5bd601e248a4fda5d | Inactivating RPX1 confers resistance to Plutella xylostella in Arabidopsis. (a) Gene structure of RPX1 (At5g18110). Orange boxes indicate exons, and solid lines represent introns and untranslated regions. The T‐DNA insertion in SALK_131503, named rpx1‐1, is on the fourth exon. (b) P. xylostella larvae preferentially move toward the wild‐type Col‐0 and RPX1 complementation lines (RPX1pro:RPX1/rpx1‐1, RPX1com), compared to rpx1‐1. (c) Comparison of Col‐0, rpx1‐1, and RPX1com leaves infested with P. xylostella. (d) P. xylostella larvae were severely affected by rpx1‐1, compared with those on wild‐type Col‐0 and the RPX1com lines, with respect to larval stature, size and colour. (e, f) P. xylostella larvae fed with rpx1‐1 show higher mortality (e) and lower pupation (f) rates relative to the wild‐type Col‐0 and RPX1com lines. (g, h) P. xylostella larvae fed with rpx1‐1 plants have increased glutathione S‐transferase (GST, g) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450, h) activities, whereas in RPX1com‐fed larvae, the activities showed no difference from those on Col‐0. In (b, e–h), data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. The different letters at each treatment indicate a significant difference (one‐way analysis of variance, n = 3 for b, g, h, n = 6 for e, f). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] | PMC10107731 | PCE-46-946-g001.jpg |
0.471951 | 6b208bd141b74ce08aa6a57ec0a674b3 | RPX1 protein degradation is induced by Plutella xylostella infestation, wounding treatments. (a) RPX1‐GFP from RPX1pro:RPX1‐GFP transgenic plants are degraded upon P. xylostella infestation for 15−120 min. (b) As a control for (a), GFP itself from 35Spro:GFP transgenic plants show no degradation upon larval infestation. (c) RPX1‐flag from 35Spro:RPX1‐flag transgenic plants are degraded upon larval infestation. (d) RPX1‐GFP from RPX1pro:RPX1‐GFP transgenic plants are degraded by 15−120 min of wounding treatment. (e) RPX1‐GFP from RPX1pro:RPX1‐GFP transgenic plants are degraded when the tissues are incubated in solution with the tissues from Col‐0 plants that have been infested by P. xylostella for 15−120 min. The values below immune‐blotting bands show the relative protein abundance quantified using ImageJ. All these experiments have been repeated at least three times, and representative results are shown. More experimental data with independent transgenic lines are shown in Supporting Information: Figure S10. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] | PMC10107731 | PCE-46-946-g002.jpg |
0.430354 | 5e550545911a47bd906e610a9e632662 | RPX1 inactivation damages peritrophic matrix (PM) structure in larval midgut. (a) Representative images of larvae fed with Col‐0, rpx1‐1 and RPX1com lines showing dye retention, as evidenced by their blue appearance, like the Smurf cartoon character. (b) Quantification of results shown in (a). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m; the different letters indicate a significant difference (one‐way analysis of variance, n = 6). (c–f) PM ultrastructure of larvae fed with Col‐0 (c), rpx1‐1 (d) and RPX1com lines (e, f). Note that the PM of larvae fed with Col‐0 and RPX1com is plump and intact, but the PM of the larvae fed with rpx1‐1 is thin, delicate, and discontinuous in some regions. (g–j) Transverse section and hematoxylin‐eosin staining show damage of the PM from the larvae fed with Col‐0 (g), rpx1‐1 (h), or RPX1com lines (i, j). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] | PMC10107731 | PCE-46-946-g003.jpg |
0.525505 | 9c1f656b81a649c8b0fbbdfa5b9e5aaf | Comparison of volatile compounds and gene expression differentially enriched between Col‐0 and rpx1‐1. (a) Differentially enriched volatile compounds in Col‐0 and rpx1‐1 were detected by the gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) method. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m; asterisks indicate a significant difference (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, two‐tailed unpaired t‐test). (b) Transcriptomic analysis of Col‐0 and rpx1‐1. KEGG analysis of pathway enrichment from differently expressed genes between Col‐0 and the rpx1‐1 mutant. One enriched pathway (red arrow) is related to sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis and consists of three genes, as shown in the figure. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] | PMC10107731 | PCE-46-946-g004.jpg |
0.447728 | f3c12ae95189468b8d9c869eb0dc2783 | Loss of RPX1 increases dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT) accumulation. (a) gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of DMNT in Col‐0, rpx1‐1 and RPX1com (RPX1pro:RPX1/rpx1‐1) lines. The DMNT standard is shown at the bottom. (b) Total ion chromatography (TIC) of DMNT captured from Col‐0, rpx1‐1 and RPX1com. (c) DMNT content increases in the rpx1‐1 mutant but returns to wild‐type levels in RPX1com transgenic plants. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m; the different letters indicate a significant difference (one‐way analysis of variance, n = 3). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] | PMC10107731 | PCE-46-946-g005.jpg |
0.433586 | 8e287e8f2be647ba9b69bdf21730fd82 | PEN1 contributes an important role in dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT) accumulation in rpx1‐1. (a) PEN1 expression analysis in Col‐0, rpx1‐1, PEN1 knockdown in rpx1‐1 background (PEN1‐amiR/rpx1‐1) and PEN1 overexpression (35Spro:PEN1/Col‐0) lines. (b) RPX1 expression in Col‐0, rpx1‐1, PEN1‐amiR/rpx1‐1 and 35Spro:PEN1/Col‐0. (c) PEN1 expression is induced by Plutella xylostella infestation in Col‐0 and rpx1‐1. (d) Comparison of DMNT accumulation between Col‐0, rpx1‐1, PEN1‐amiR/rpx1‐1 and 35Spro:PEN1/Col‐0. (e–j) gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of volatiles emitted from Col‐0 (e), rpx1‐1 (f), PEN1‐amiR/rpx1‐1 (g, h) and 35Spro:PEN1/Col‐0 (i, j) lines. (k–p) TIC of DMNT captured from Col‐0 (k), rpx1‐1 (l), PEN1‐amiR/rpx1‐1 (m, n) and 35Spro:PEN1/Col‐0 (o, p) lines, corresponding to the data in (e–j). In (a–d), data are presented as mean ± s.e.m; the different letters indicate a significant difference (one‐way analysis of variance, n = 3). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] | PMC10107731 | PCE-46-946-g006.jpg |
0.514904 | 06b2d39518b746cfb46e0e73cc94df1c | Dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT) transports from Arabidopsis roots to leaves. (a) Illustration of the DMNT transport assay using Arabidopsis seedlings. DMNT was dissolved in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium. After 24‐h culture, the roots were excised, and the leaves were used to feed Plutella xylostella larvae for mortality and pupation rate scoring. (b, c) DMNT, transported from roots to leaves, results in higher mortality (b) and lower pupation (c) rates of P. xylostella larvae. (d–f) 2H‐labelled DMNT (DMNT‐2H) is transported from root to leaves. DMNT‐2H was dissolved in liquid MS medium as in (a) for 24 h, and then the leaves were harvested for GC‐MS analysis (e). DMSO was used as a control (d). DMNT‐2H standard is shown for reference (f). (g–i) TIC of DMNT‐2H obtained during the transport assays shown in (d–f). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m, in (b, c) n = 6, p‐values are shown adjacent to the histogram columns to indicate a significant difference (two‐tailed unpaired t‐test). Note that more controls for the transport assays are included in Supporting Information: Figure S8. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] | PMC10107731 | PCE-46-946-g007.jpg |
0.436695 | edc753b7245d42f8ab5fba9ffb0a5c13 | PEN1 contributes to the enhanced resistance of rpx1‐1 to Plutella xylostella. (a, b) PEN1‐amiR transgene significantly alleviates the resistance of rpx1‐1 to P. xylostella infestation, while 35Spro:PEN1 enhances the resistance effect, as demonstrated by mortality (a) and pupation (b) rates of P. xylostella larvae. (c) Representative images of the larvae fed with Col‐0, rpx1‐1, PEN1‐amiR/rpx1‐1 and 35Spro:PEN1 seedlings showing dye retention, as evidenced by their blue appearance, like the Smurf cartoon character. (d) Quantification results of images shown in (c). (e–j) Transverse section and hematoxylin‐eosin staining show damage of the PM from the larvae fed with Col‐0 (e), rpx1‐1 (f), PEN1‐amiR/rpx1‐1 (g, h) and 35Spro:PEN1 seedlings (i, j). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m; the different letters at each treatment indicate a significant difference in (a, b, d) (one‐way analysis of variance, n = 6). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] | PMC10107731 | PCE-46-946-g008.jpg |
0.407591 | 4806eefad1224286a017f7d1ba7a7f27 | A: Time‐dependent UV‐Vis. spectra of dechlorination reaction of 1 a (0.033 M) in the presence of DIPEA (0.1 M) recorded in Ar/ACN under blue light (λ ∼457 nm). B: Time‐dependent 1H NMR of 1a (0.016 mmol) in the presence of DIPEA (10 equiv.) before (bottom) and after (top) irradiation at 420 nm during 90 min in Ar/CD3CN. C: Photograph of the mixture solution containing 1 a+DIPEA showing coloration caused by formation of the iminium ion (Table 1, entry 14). | PMC10107790 | CHEM-29-0-g005.jpg |
0.54617 | 06381be32bc642e7914ff3aba99c58ba | A: Relevant part of the 1H NMR spectra of the starting material 1 a (0.033 M) in the absence (red) and in the presence of 10 equiv. of DIPEA (green). B: Relevant part of the 1H NMR spectrum of DIPEA (0.033 M) in the absence (red) and in the presence of 10 equiv. of 1a (green). Measurements were carried out in deuterated acetonitrile CD3CN. | PMC10107790 | CHEM-29-0-g009.jpg |
0.433637 | 20df6293e2e148819424f09affd3b790 | (a) Radiograph, (b,c) MRI and (d,e) CT of the lumbar spine of a cat. (a) Right lateral
radiograph of the lumbar vertebral column obtained 5 months prior to referral. There is
an expansile, geometrically osteolytic lesion with preserved cortex at the L2–L3
articular facet joint resulting in a ‘soap bubble’ appearance (arrow). (b) Mid-sagittal
T1-weighted imaging after gadolinium administration (T1WI + Gd) and (c) transverse T1WI
+ Gd at the level of the L2 vertebra. There is a large, well-defined extradural mass
lesion with mild homogeneous contrast enhancement associated with the L2 lamina, caudal
articular processes and right pedicle (solid arrow). The mass invades the vertebral
canal, leading to severe right dorsolateral spinal cord compression (dotted arrow).
(d,e) Mid-sagittal and transverse bone window CT after ioversol contrast at the level of
the L2 vertebra showing the corresponding L2 mass of soft-tissue attenuation with
moderate heterogeneous contrast uptake (arrow) | PMC10107977 | 10.1177_20551169231160227-fig1.jpg |
0.468318 | 40ab3c683ba8481bab2a31370f33dfb2 | Postoperative mid-sagittal three-dimensional CT image of (a) the lumbar spine, (b)
mid-sagittal bone window CT and (c) transverse bone window CT at the level of the L2
vertebra. En bloc excision of the tumour was performed, including part of the L2 and L3
spinous processes, L2–L3 articular facet joints and the majority of the pedicles.
Titanium screws were placed bilaterally on the pedicles of L1, L2, L3 and L4, and
embedded in polymethylmethacrylate cement | PMC10107977 | 10.1177_20551169231160227-fig2.jpg |
0.441642 | 8d61d054035d48d1bc086f4923e1b3e1 | Histopathology of the bone lesion. (a) A thin cap of bone surrounds the tumour (arrow).
There is bone production (dotted arrow; haematoxylin and eosin [H&E], × 10); (b)
osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells (arrows) appear distributed among a
population of spindle-shaped mononuclear stromal cells (H&E, × 100); (c) the spindle
cells surround small islands of woven mineralised bone (arrows). The spindle cells do
not exhibit nuclear atypia or mitotic activity (H&E, × 400); (d) multinucleated
giant cells show weak cytoplasmic labelling with ionised calcium-binding adaptor
molecule 1, supportive of monocyte/macrophage lineage (3,3′-diaminobenzidine [DAB]
chromogen [brown signal] with haematoxylin counterstain, × 400). (e) The majority of the
spindle cells show nuclear labelling with osterix, supportive of osteoblast lineage (DAB
chromogen [brown signal] with haematoxylin counterstain, × 400). (f) Both cell
populations show cytoplasmic labelling with vimentin, a general mesenchymal marker (DAB
chromogen [brown] with haematoxylin counterstain, × 400) | PMC10107977 | 10.1177_20551169231160227-fig3.jpg |
0.452172 | 9befa4a71b594bdb96b17adc59547f34 | Flow diagram of study patients. Abbreviations: pts, patients; LT, liver transplant. | PMC10109157 | hc9-7-e0126-g002.jpg |
0.441431 | 2126103ab69647c78d1bf94bc022b277 | (A) Kaplan-Meier probability of post-transplant harmful alcohol relapse in patients with or without pretransplant alcohol relapse. (B) Kaplan-Meier probability of post-transplant harmful alcohol relapse in patients with both risk factors of pretransplant alcohol relapse and High-risk Alcoholism Relapse score ≥4 compared with those with neither or one of these risk factors. Abbreviations: LT, liver transplant; AR, alcohol relapse. | PMC10109157 | hc9-7-e0126-g003.jpg |
0.421257 | 43ec8e0d11004404867ecb1877e2c880 | Kaplan-Meier probability of post-transplant survival in patients with harmful alcohol relapse compared with those with no alcohol relapse or slip relapse. Abbreviations: LT, liver transplant. | PMC10109157 | hc9-7-e0126-g004.jpg |
0.466959 | a86d7744a197479da39e7e33a1d74fb5 | Determination of subunits involved in the IFT-B–dynein-2 interactions. (A) Schematic representation of the architectures of the dynein-2 and IFT-B complexes. (B) Dynein-2–IFT-B interaction revealed by the VIP assay. Lysates prepared from HEK293 T cells coexpressing all the dynein-2 subunits fused to EGFP and indicated IFT-A or IFT-B subunits fused to mCherry (mChe) were immunoprecipitated with GST-tagged anti-GFP Nb prebound to glutathione–Sepharose beads and subjected to the VIP assay. (C,D) Subtractive VIP assay and immunoblotting analysis to determine subunits of the IFT-B2 subcomplex required for its interaction with dynein-2. Lysates from cells coexpressing all the dynein-2 subunits fused to EGFP and all but one (as indicated) subunits of the IFT-B2 subcomplex fused to mChe were processed for the VIP assay (C) followed by immunoblotting analysis using anti-mChe and anti-GFP antibodies (D). (E,F) Determination of IFT-B2 subunits required for the interaction with dynein-2. Lysates from cells coexpressing all the dynein-2 subunits fused to EGFP and the indicated IFT-B2 subunit fused to mChe were processed for the VIP assay (E) followed by immunoblotting analysis (F). (G,H) Determination of dynein-2 subunits required for the interaction with IFT54. Lysates from cells coexpressing the indicated dynein-2 subunit(s) fused to EGFP and mChe-IFT54 were processed for the VIP assay (E) followed by immunoblotting analysis (F). Scale bars: 100 μm. 1D2, TCTEX1D2; H1, DYNC2H1; H1(N), DYNC2H1(N); LI1, DYNC2LI1; LL, DYNLL1 and DYNLL2; LRB, DYNLRB1 and DYNLRB2; LT, DYNLT1 and DYNLT3; IB, immunoblot; IP, immunoprecipitation. Images shown are representative of at least two repeats. | PMC10110421 | joces-136-260462-g1.jpg |
0.409061 | d2559c7dac774873b15683612c43952c | WDR60 interacts with IFT54 via a region upstream of the light chain-binding sequences. (A) WDR60 constructs used in this study. (B) Sequence alignment of the N-terminal region of vertebrate WDR60. Residues conserved in all species and those with conservative substitutions are in black and grey boxes, respectively. H.s., Homo sapiens; M.m., Mus musculus; G.g., Gallus gallus; X.l., Xenopus laevis; D.r., Danio rerio. In A and B, binding regions for IFT54, DYNLT–TCTEX1D2 and DYNLL are indicated. (C,D) Determination of the IFT54-binding region of WDR60. Lysates from cells coexpressing the indicated WDR60 construct fused to EGFP and mCherry (mChe)-IFT54 were processed for the VIP assay (C) followed by immunoblotting analysis (D). Note that expression levels of WDR60 constructs containing the N-terminal unstructured region were relatively low (lanes 9, 10 and 14). (E,F) Confirmation of the region of WDR60 required for its binding to the DYNLT–TCTEX1D2 dimer. Lysates from cells coexpressing the indicated WDR60 construct fused to EGFP and mChe-fused DYNLT1, DYNLT3 (DYNLT) and TCTEX1D2 were processed for the VIP assay (E) followed by immunoblotting analysis (F). (G,H) Confirmation of the region of WDR60 required for its binding to the DYNLL and DYNLRB dimers. Lysates from cells coexpressing the indicated WDR60 construct fused to EGFP and mChe-fused DYNLL1 and DYNLL2 (DYNLL) or DYNLRB1 and DYNLRB2 (DYNLRB) or both (DYNLL+DYNLRB) were processed for the VIP assay (G) followed by immunoblotting analysis (H). Scale bars: 100 μm. 1D2, TCTEX1D2; LL, DYNLL1 and DYNLL2; LRB, DYNLRB1 and DYNLRB2; LT, DYNLT1 and DYNLT3; IB, immunoblot; IP, immunoprecipitation. Images shown are representative of at least two repeats. | PMC10110421 | joces-136-260462-g2.jpg |
0.439912 | f3cab8c85399423f82d9d98d1d455510 | WDR60 and DYNC2H1–DYNC2LI1 bind to distinct regions of IFT54. (A) Structures of the IFT54 constructs. Binding regions for WDR60, DYNC2H1–DYNC2LI1 and IFT20 are indicated. CH, calponin homology; Coil, coiled-coil region. (B,C) Determination of the WDR60-binding region of IFT54. Lysates from cells coexpressing the indicated IFT54 construct fused to mCherry (mChe) and EGFP–WDR60 were processed for the VIP assay using GST-tagged anti-mChe Nb (LaM-2 version) (B) followed by immunoblotting analysis (C). (D,E) Determination of the binding region of IFT54 for DYNC2H1–DYNC2LI1. Lysates from cells coexpressing the indicated IFT54 construct fused to mChe and EGFP-fused DYNC2H1(N) plus DYNC2LI1 were processed for the VIP assay using GST-tagged anti-GFP Nb (D) followed by immunoblotting analysis (E). (F,G) Determination of the IFT20-binding region of IFT54. Lysates from cells coexpressing the indicated IFT54 construct fused to mChe and EGFP-IFT20 were processed for the VIP assay using GST-tagged anti-mChe Nb (F) followed by immunoblotting analysis (G). Scale bars: 100 μm. IB, immunoblot; IP, immunoprecipitation. Images shown are representative of at least two repeats. | PMC10110421 | joces-136-260462-g3.jpg |
0.464524 | 430a468074fc4c10ab9ae26c464ab4c9 | The N-terminal and C-terminal regions of WDR60 are both required for normal trafficking of dynein-2. (A–G,I–O) Control RPE1 cells (A,I), WDR60-KO cells (B,J) and those stably expressing mCherry (mChe)-fused WDR60(WT) (C,K), WDR60(1–626) (D,L), WDR60(375–1066) (E,M), WDR60(395–1066) (F,N) or WDR60(Δ375–394) (G,O) were serum-starved for 24 h and immunostained for ARL13B, RFP and FOP (recently renamed as CEP43) (A–G) or IFT88, RFP and ARL13B plus FOP (I–O). In A–G, boxed regions are 2.5-fold enlarged and shown on the right side. Scale bars: 5 µm. (H) Ciliary lengths of individual ciliated cells were measured and expressed as scatter plots. Differently colored dots represent three independent experiments (n=30×3), and triangles are means of individual experiments. Horizontal lines and error bars are the mean±s.d. of the three experiments. Statistical significances in the ciliary length (black lines and letters) and the ciliary length variation of individual cells (green lines and letters) were calculated using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey multiple comparison test and the F test, respectively. (P) The IFT88 staining intensities in the ciliary base and tip regions of individual ciliated cells were measured and expressed as scatter plots (n=30×3). Symbols are the same as in H. Statistical significances were calculated using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. | PMC10110421 | joces-136-260462-g4.jpg |
0.42734 | a642a647977b471f9042a2824cab0968 | IFT88 accumulation on the TZ distal side and at the ciliary tip and reduced DYNC2LI entry into cilia in WDR60-KO and WDR34-KO cells. (A–D) Control RPE1 (A), WDR60-KO (B), WDR34-KO (C) and DYNC2LI1-KO (D) cells were serum-starved for 24 h and immunostained for IFT88, acetylated α-tubulin (Ac-tubulin) and CEP164. The stained cells were observed by Airyscan super-resolution microscopy. Arrowheads indicate the positions of CEP164-positive distal appendages. Scale bar: 1 µm. (E–H) Line scans of IFT88 staining intensities along individual cilia of control RPE1 (E), WDR60-KO (F), WDR34-KO (G) and DYNC2LI1-KO (H) cells. Line scans of cilia with lengths that fall within 10% of the mean length are shown (n=5). (I–L) Control RPE1 (I), WDR60-KO (J), WDR34-KO (K) and IFT121-KO (L) cells stably expressing EGFP–DYNC2LI1 were serum-starved for 24 h and immunostained for IFT88 and ARL13B plus FOP. Boxed regions are 2.5-fold enlarged and shown on the right side. Scale bars: 5 µm. (M) Localization of EGFP-DYNC2LI1 in control RPE1, WDR60-KO, WDR34-KO and IFT121-KO cells was classified as ‘ciliary base’, ‘ciliary base and interior’, and ‘no ciliary localization’. The cells in each population (in 100 ciliated cells analyzed) were counted and the percentages of these populations are represented as stacked bar graphs. Statistical significances were calculated using the Pearson χ2 test. Images shown are representative of two repeats. | PMC10110421 | joces-136-260462-g5.jpg |
0.434919 | 6f1973b7b9224b9eb94cd957093b3880 | Defects in induced export of GPR161 from cilia in WDR60-KO cells expressing WDR60 mutants. (A–BB) Control RPE1 cells (A,H,O,V), WDR60-KO cells (B,I,P,W) and those stably expressing mCherry (mChe)-fused WDR60(WT) (C,J,Q,X), WDR60(1–626) (D,K,R,Y), WDR60(375–1066) (E,L,S,Z), WDR60(395–1066) (F,M,T,AA) or WDR60(Δ375–394) (G,N,U,BB) were serum-starved for 24 h and then incubated for a further 24 h in the absence (–SAG) or presence (+SAG) of 200 nM SAG. The cells were immunostained for either GPR161 (A–N) or SMO (O–BB), RFP and ARL13B plus FOP (A–BB). Scale bars: 5 µm. (CC,DD) The ciliary GPR161 and SMO staining intensities of individual ciliated cells were measured and expressed as scatter plots (n=30×3). Symbols used are the same as in Fig. 4H. Horizontal lines and error bars are the mean±s.d. Statistical significances were calculated using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test for comparison among multiple samples and the unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test for comparison between –SAG and +SAG. | PMC10110421 | joces-136-260462-g6.jpg |
0.454892 | 2a5b81ff7fdc4277b41042bda87aec96 | Heatmap was generated using the reads assigned at the genus level.Distance was measured using Euclidean method. Samples were clustered by average linkage (average of the distance of all points in each group) algorithm (n=5/group). SHR indicates spontaneously hypertensive rat; and WKY, Wistar Kyoto. | PMC10111478 | JAH3-12-e027918-g001.jpg |
0.411804 | ae691f05f3e547e983e77b85ebf6b612 | Correlation analyses were performed on the normalized abundance of immunoglobulin A‐coated bacterial genera data and gene expression values from RNA‐seq data.Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were generated for all samples from both groups using MATLAB software with a cutoff value of 0.811 (n=10, P<0.05) and displayed using pixel maps. Red‐highlighted genera are positively correlated, and blue‐highlighted genera are negatively correlated.
4
The heatmap presents the r values of correlation analysis between bacterial abundance and the epithelium gene expression of its corresponding host in both Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. C indicates Clostridium; F, family; P, positive; R, Ruminococcaceae; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; and WKY, Wistar Kyoto. | PMC10111478 | JAH3-12-e027918-g002.jpg |
0.44421 | 31cdf57aff854405b01a4ae72f3037c7 | Immunoglobulin A (IgA)‐coated bacteria are specifically enriched in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) vs Wistar Kyoto (WKY) stools.Fecal bacteria isolated from stool samples from WKY (n=7, mean systolic blood pressure, 132±6 mm Hg) and SHR (n=7, mean systolic blood pressure, 209±5 mm Hg) rats were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated anti‐rat IgA to perform fecal IgA flow cytometry analysis and sort of IgA+ and IgA‐ bacteria.
6
Next, pre‐sort, IgA‐ and IgA+ samples were used for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.
8
A, Representative IgA‐staining of fecal bacteria, unstained control (left), WKY (middle), and SHR (right). The unstained control is a 1:1 mix of fecal bacteria of both WKY and SHR. B, Cumulative data, percentage of IgA‐coated, and noncoated bacteria in stool of WKY and SHR rats determined by flow cytometry (mean±SEM), n=7/group. *P<0.05, unpaired t‐test. C, Two‐dimensional principal coordinate analysis plot of total, IgA‐, and IgA+ gut microbiota in WKY and SHR. In analysis of similarities analysis, R=1, P<0.01 for IgA‐ vs IgA+ SHR; R=0.54, P<0.01 for IgA‐ vs IgA+ WKY; R=0.84; P<0.01 for IgA+ WKY vs IgA+ SHR; n=5/group. D, The reads of IgA‐ and IgA+ gut microbiota of major phyla in WKY and SHR; n=5/group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001 in 2‐way ANOVA followed by Sidak multiple comparison. E, The comparison of IgA+/IgA‐ ratio of 4 major phyla between WKY and SHR. Lower ratio indicates less preference of IgA binding, while higher ratio indicates more preference of IgA binding; n=5/group.*P<0.05, **P<0.01 in unpaired t‐test for Figure 1E. FITC‐A indicates fluorescein isothiocyanate‐area; FSC‐W, forward scatter‐width; IgA, immunoglobulin A; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat; and WKY, Wistar Kyoto. | PMC10111478 | JAH3-12-e027918-g003.jpg |
0.397226 | 21f6354ce6e64ca7ace6c05de5e9d5e3 | Adjusted mean percentage reporting each outcome by type of ACE experienced. Adjusted mean percentages are calculated using the logistic regression models, see Methods and online supplemental appendix pp3–9. Means for no ACE categories sometimes varied marginally between models for different ACEs. In these cases, a mean was calculated across no ACEs percentages for each ACE type. However, as variations between models were small, all individual no ACE values were no more than ±0.2% from displayed means. Difference not significantly different from No ACEs category P<0.05 vs no ACEs category. ACEs, adverse childhood experiences; AP, alcohol problem; DV, domestic violence; MI, mental illness; PA, physical abuse; PS, parental separation; SA, sexual abuse; VA, verbal abuse. | PMC10111913 | bmjopen-2023-072916f01.jpg |
0.447355 | 00fe15dce9e042758fdc4accdfa9be00 | MGX concentration profile after single and multiple ascending i.v.-infused FMGX doses. (A) SAD cohorts; (B) MAD cohorts. (A and B) Data are presented for study 1 cohorts 1 to 6 and 11a (A) and cohorts 7 to 10 (B) as geometric mean MGX plasma concentrations for participants in the PK population (n = 5 for 50 mg, n = 6 for all other treatment groups) using linear (panel A, main figure and panel B) and semilogarithmic (panel A, inset) scales. All doses were infused over 3 h; doses were administered daily for the MAD segment. For panel A, the elimination half-life for the 10-mg dose was excluded from overall data interpretation because it was biased by the sampling schedule at that first dose level. FMGX, fosmanogepix; IV, intravenous; MAD, multiple ascending dose; MGX, manogepix; n, number of participants; PK, pharmacokinetics; SAD, single ascending dose. | PMC10112065 | aac.01623-22-f001.jpg |
0.438756 | 51c989cf7d244120a2a24bbb9fc3e93f | (A and B) Relationship of (A) Cmax and (B) AUC(∞) of MGX with dose after i.v. infusion of FMGX (SAD cohorts). Data are presented for study 1 cohorts 1 to 6 and 11a for Cmax (A) and AUC(∞) (B) of MGX for participants in the PK population. All doses were infused over 3 h (A) or 10 to 350 mg for 3 h and 1,000 mg over 0.5 to 3 h. AUC(∞), area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity; Cmax, maximum plasma concentration; FMGX, fosmanogepix; IV, intravenous; MGX, manogepix; n, number of participants; PK, pharmacokinetics. | PMC10112065 | aac.01623-22-f002.jpg |
0.502989 | db0522a9ee12465daeaff5f7bf9c09e6 | (A and B) Relationship of (A) Cmax and (B) AUC(0–24) of MGX with dose after i.v.-infused FMGX (MAD cohort). Data are presented for study 1 cohorts 7 and 8 for Cmax (A) and AUC(0–24) (B) of MGX for participants in the PK population. All doses were infused over 3 h QD × 14 days (A) or over 3 h QD × 14 days and on day 7 after i.v. infusion of 600 mg QD × 6 days preceded by 1,000 mg/1 h × 2 on day 1 (B). AUC0–24, area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 h postdose; Cmax, maximum plasma concentration; FMGX, fosmanogepix; IV, intravenous; MAD, multiple ascending dose; MGX, manogepix; n, number of participants; PK, pharmacokinetics; PO, oral; QD, once daily. | PMC10112065 | aac.01623-22-f003.jpg |
0.475144 | 4806c93593534ae5b2f72402edbc9e7e | MGX single-dose concentration profile over shortened i.v. infusion times. Data are presented for study 1 cohorts 11a to 11d as geometric mean MGX plasma concentrations for participants in the PK population (n = 6 per group) using linear (main figure) and semilogarithmic (inset) scales. IV, intravenous; n, number of participants; MGX, manogepix. | PMC10112065 | aac.01623-22-f004.jpg |
0.506841 | 7295f6ec1893470e959bcb6a9b54d842 | MGX concentration profile using a loading dose strategy. Data are presented for study 1 cohort 12 as geometric mean MGX plasma concentrations for participants in the PK population (n = 6) using linear a scale. A 1000-mg FMGX dose was infused over 2 h at 0 and 9 h on day 1 followed by 600-mg FMGX doses infused over 1 h once daily for 6 days (days 2 to 7). FMGX, fosmanogepix; IV = intravenous; n, number of participants; MGX, manogepix; PK, pharmacokinetics. | PMC10112065 | aac.01623-22-f005.jpg |
0.451255 | 74020f7fe2174433800c7d8c149dcacc | MGX concentration profile after single and multiple ascending oral FMGX doses. (A) SAD cohorts; (B) MAD cohorts. Data are presented for study 2 cohorts 1a and 1b (A) and cohorts 2 and 3 (B) as geometric mean MGX plasma concentrations for participants in the PK population (n = 8 for 400 mg p.o., n = 6 for all other treatment groups) using linear (panel A, main figure and panel B) and semilogarithmic (panel A, inset) scales. A single i.v. dose for bioequivalence was infused over 3 h; doses were administered daily for the MAD segment. The SAD and MAD phases were conducted under ante cibum and post cibum conditions, respectively. FMGX, fosmanogepix; n, number of participants; MAD, multiple ascending dose; MGX, manogepix; PO, oral, SAD, single ascending dose. | PMC10112065 | aac.01623-22-f006.jpg |
0.445031 | e91f7c389dc6403fa87793c2a8055991 | Study design. IV, intravenous; MAD, multiple ascending dose; n, number of patients; PO, oral; QD, once daily; SAD, single ascending dose. | PMC10112065 | aac.01623-22-f007.jpg |
0.459069 | c3444b7d273e47feacbd15bd63395009 | Differentiation stages of mast cells | PMC10112069 | JOMFP-26-483-g001.jpg |
0.462813 | e510dc4f54be47a3a23bb1de779e08d4 | Hematoxylin and eosin, Csaba, toluidine blue and Leishman's staining for mast cells. (a) Mast cells (black arrow) in routine staining poses difficulty in identification (H and E, ×100); (b) Mature mast cells (red arrow) stained reddish pink, Inset with red border (x1000) and immature cells (yellow arrow) showing blue colored granules, Inset with yellow border (x1000) (Csaba stain, ×400). Background tissue is masked highlighting only the mast cells. (c) Uniform staining of all mast cells (black arrow) with difficulty in differentiating mature from immature mast cells (toluidine blue stain, ×200); staining of mast cells (black arrow) observed using Leishman's stain, ×200 | PMC10112069 | JOMFP-26-483-g002.jpg |
0.399059 | ea7f726a8efc4e02a27577c7d1831bb8 | Znt5-6 and Znt7 are required for melanogenesis in medaka fish.a Representative dorsal views of whole larvae at 8–9 dpf for wild-type (WT), Znt5+/-;Znt7-/-, and Znt5-/-;Znt7-/- medaka. The Znt5-/-;Znt7-/- medaka did not hatch, and thus is shown after manual removal of the chorion. b Representative lateral views of embryos at 8–9 dpf for Znt5-/-;Znt7-/- (left) and Znt5+/-;Znt7-/- (right) medaka before hatching. c Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows irregular melanosomes with less electron dense pigment in Znt5-/-;Znt7-/- medaka compared with those in WT and Znt5+/-;Znt7-/- medaka. d Melanin content was decreased in Znt5-/-;Znt7-/- mutant medaka compared with that in Znt5+/-;Znt7-/- littermate (n = 3). Statistical significance was analyzed by Student’s t-test. **p < 0.01. In a–c, each analysis was performed on more than three individual medaka, and in d, the experiments were performed at least three times, and representative results are shown. | PMC10113262 | 42003_2023_4640_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.410906 | bd6ad904b42842c5ae8b8366a28bb4da | Melanin synthesis is decreased in Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells.a Pellets of wild-type (WT) Mewo and Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells, and of Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells stably re-expressing ZNT7-HA. b Melanin content was decreased in Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells compared with that in WT Mewo cells; the decrease was recovered upon expression of ZNT7 (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. **p < 0.01. c Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showing irregular melanosomes with less electron dense pigment in Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells compared with those in WT Mewo cells. Each experiment, except for that in c, was performed at least three times, and representative results from independent experiments are shown. Panels in c show representative results for at least three cells. | PMC10113262 | 42003_2023_4640_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.40285 | 0fce50fb70314f02a451bb5aa63254ff | TYPR1 expression is substantially decreased in Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells.a, b Expression of TYRP1, but not TYR or TYRP2, was substantially decreased in Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells. Immunoblotting (a) and immunofluorescence staining (b). c, d Expression of TYRP1 in Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells was reversed by stable re-expression of ZNT7. Immunoblotting (c) and immunofluorescence staining (d). e Effects of zinc status on the expression of TYRP1. Wild-type (WT) Mewo and Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells were cultured in normal medium (N), normal medium supplemented with ZnSO4 (75 μM), or in zinc-deficient medium (CX) generated using Chelex-treated FCS for 24 h. f
TYRP1 mRNA levels were not decreased in Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells. In a, c, and e, Tubulin or CNX was detected as a loading control. Each experiment was performed at least three times, and representative results from independent experiments are shown. | PMC10113262 | 42003_2023_4640_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.398373 | 1cbd8d55ad874c339021c8991c219e9e | Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells show similar defects as in Mewo-TYRP1-KO cells.a Analysis of TYRP1, TYR, and TYR2 expression by immunoblotting in wild-type (WT) Mewo, Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO and Mewo-TYRP1-KO cells. Note the loss of TYRP1, but not TYR and TYRP2, in both Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO and Mewo-TYRP1-KO cells. b Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed a loss of TYRP1 in both Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO and Mewo-TYRP1-KO cells. c Pellets of Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO and Mewo-TYRP1-KO cells exhibit hypopigmentation compared to WT Mewo cells. d Melanin content was decreased in Mewo-TYRP1-KO cells, similar to that in Mewo-Z5Z7-DKO cells (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. **p < 0.01. e TEM showed irregular melanosomes with less electron dense contents in Mewo-TYRP1-KO, compared with WT Mewo cells. Each experiment except for (e) was performed at least three times, and representative results from independent experiments are shown. Panels in e were performed using at least three cells, and representative results are shown. | PMC10113262 | 42003_2023_4640_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.446357 | 39f26c1f5e4649d6973f8644a3083386 | TYRP1 expression is dependent on functional ZNT5 or ZNT7 transporters.a Immunoblot analysis of TYRP1, TYR, and TYRP2 in wild-type (WT) SK-MEL-2 cells and SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells transfected with plasmids encoding TYRP1, TYR and TYRP2. Note that TYRP1, but not TYR and TYRP2, was substantially decreased in SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells. b Confirmation of substantial reduction in TYRP1 expression using immunofluorescence staining. c Immunoblot and d immunofluorescence microscopy showing restoration of TYRP1 expression in SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells following re-expression of wild type ZNT5 or ZNT7, but not of zinc transport-incompetent mutants of ZNT5 and ZNT7 (ZNT5H451A and ZNT7H70A). e Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) treatment stabilizes the expression of TYRP1, transiently transfected in SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells. SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of MG132 and BafA1 for 6 h. In c, d, TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2 plasmids and ZNT plasmids were transfected at a ratio of 1:10. In a, c, and e, β-galactosidase (β-gal) was used as a transfection control. Each experiment was performed at least three times, and representative results from independent experiments are shown. | PMC10113262 | 42003_2023_4640_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.497575 | 8ce4be2a8c7c46c1b2bcfdff2d8b1236 | Restoration of mouse or chicken Tyrp1 expression in SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells following re-expression of mouse or chicken Znt5 or Znt7.a, b Expression of recombinant mouse (a) and chicken (b) Tyrp1 was substantially decreased in SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells compared to wild-type (WT) SK-MEL-2 cells, but stabilized by expression of recombinant mouse or chicken Znt5 or Znt7. In b, cTyrp1, tagged with HA at the C-terminus, was used. c Immunofluorescence staining of mouse Tyrp1 expressed in WT SK-MEL-2 or SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells. Tyrp1 and Znt plasmids were transfected at a ratio of 1:10. Each experiment was performed at least three times, and representative results from independent experiments are shown. | PMC10113262 | 42003_2023_4640_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.492463 | 43786fbc144c4b4094c4d01cb5b57358 | TYRP1 expression is not dependent on the ATP7A copper transporter.a Immunoblot analysis shows that the expression of TYRP1, TYR, and TYRP2 in SK-ATP7A-KO cells was comparable with levels in WT SK-MEL-2 cells. b TYR activity was substantially decreased in SK-ATP7A-KO cells. L-DOPA oxidase activity (upper graph, n = 3) and tyrosinase zymography (lower panel) were performed. c, d Loss of TYRP1 expression in SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells (c) and loss of TYR activity in SK-ATP7A-KO cells (d) were not altered in SK-Z5Z7ATP7A-TKO cells. e Schematic representation of the chimeric constructs analyzed in f. f Domain exchange analysis between TYR and TYRP1. TYRP1-TYR chimera mutant showed the same property as that of TYRP1 expressed in SK-ATP7A-KO and SK-Z5Z7-DKO cells. In a, c, and f, β-galactosidase (β-gal) was used as a transfection control. In b and d, statistical significance was determined using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. **p < 0.01. Each experiment was performed at least three times, and representative results from independent experiments are shown. | PMC10113262 | 42003_2023_4640_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.460898 | 483cf028796240e8b6860757b57bfa69 | Maximum Likelihood (ML) dendrogram showing calcareous red species in different seasons based on 18S nucleotide sequences. Bootstrap values greater than 70 are shown on both trees in order of Maximum Likelihood bootstrap (left) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) (right). The identified species in this study were marked in bold. Distance scale was shown below each tree | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig10_HTML.jpg |
0.436421 | 73d5a30535f642fb8645731126525965 | Proximate contents (%) of seasonally collected calcified species | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig11_HTML.jpg |
0.397403 | d264cc0700fd4b148e07d10438f5276e | X-ray diffraction patterns of the selected seaweed: A
Jania rubens and B
Corallina officinalis; C
Amphiroa rigida | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig12_HTML.jpg |
0.403928 | 7b77c6e5bd3d4f9a9bd4ba7239e9a272 | Seasonal abundance distribution (% of total species individuals) of the collected calcified species | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.422498 | b2ef5cab7c924bf9ba27d816e8121c6c | Morphological and anatomical description of C. officinalis thallus during autumn 2019. A Habit view of thallus, B Magnification of the thallus frond C L.S. of thallus showing genicula and intergenicula tiers. D L. S. through mature geniculum and intergenicula, E Mature geniculum with polygonal cells. F Cross-section through intergeniculum G Cross-section through tetrasporangial conceptacle | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.442746 | 21ede90d63ad47e480a7adf27aa7206f | Morphological and anatomical description of C. officinalis thallus during winter 2019. A Habit view of thallus, B Magnification of the thallus frond, C L.S. in thallus showing genicula and intergenicula tiers, D L. S. through Magnification of mature geniculum and intergenicula, E Mature geniculum with polygonal cells, F Cross-section through intergeniculum, G and HCross-section through intergeniculum | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.445897 | 2ad2f50fe73345398e464a6b00523620 | Morphological and anatomical description of C. officinalis thallus during spring 2020. A Habit view of thallus, B Magnification of the thallus frond, C L. S. in thallus showing genicula and intergenicula tiers, D Magnification of mature geniculum, E)Cross-section through intergeniculum | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.39127 | cbd00e4ca608473e9fff0e75fa6152e4 | Morphological and anatomical description of C. officinalis thallus during summer 2020. A Habit view of thallus, B Magnification of the thallus frond, C L.S. in thallus showing genicula and intergenicula tiers, D and E Magnification of mature geniculum, F Cross-section through intergeniculum region | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.43266 | 51bfc09bf345465fb8564775b8bb4a5e | Morphological and anatomical description of J. rubens thallus during autumn 2019. A Habit view of thallus, B Magnification of the thallus frond, C L.S. in thallus showing genicula and intergenicula tiers, D) Magnification of mature geniculum, E and E Cross-section through intergeniculum region | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.494013 | a68f58578eb64f879707f28cd3eb41da | Morphological and anatomical description of J. rubens thallus during winter 2019. A Habit view of thallus, B Magnification of the thallus frond, C L.S. in thallus showing genicula and intergenicula tiers, D Magnification of mature geniculum, E Cross-section through intergeniculum region | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.4099 | a1b309afcd2c419ba9ba99f9c8bbde50 | Morphological and anatomical description of J. rubens thallus during spring 2020. A Habit view of thallus, B Magnification of the thallus frond, C L. S. in thallus showing genicula and intergenicula tiers, D Magnification of mature empty tetrasporangia, E Cross-section through intergeniculum filament | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig8_HTML.jpg |
0.439373 | 1f92d4fca41d4c54a1cc656be55690d8 | Morphological and anatomical description of Amphiroa rigida during summer 2020. A Habit view of thallus, B Magnification of the thallus frond, C L. S. in thallus showing genicula and intergenicula tiers, D Magnification of mature tetrasporangium at thallus tips, E Mature tetrasporangium at thallus peripherals of the intergeniculum, F Cross-section through intergeniculum filament | PMC10113420 | 40529_2023_373_Fig9_HTML.jpg |
0.421039 | 34e711b2db574944aec2922d6c16ba05 | Airway inflammation in severe asthma and COPD. CXCL: C-X-C motif ligand; Eosino: eosinophil; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleukin; ILC2: innate lymphoid cell type 2; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; Neutro: neutrophil; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-α; TSLP: thymic stromal lymphopoietin. | PMC10113955 | ERR-0193-2022.01.jpg |
0.413506 | ec7fd6fe481e42b388e7619a75288524 | Results of the questionnaire assessing barriers to the use of e-health among adults with diagnosed depression, September 2021 (N = 1255).aStatements measuring the respective TDF-domain to which respondents were asked to indicate their agreement on a Likert scale: 0 (“I strongly disagree”) to 3 (“I strongly agree”).bMean values of responses are represented by bars (red = barrier, green = facilitator, grey = neutral), the dashed line indicates the middle of the scale at a mean value of 1.50 as reference point. | PMC10114311 | gr1.jpg |
0.430619 | 9a4b843bfde845e08266c7623e828193 | Production of Naif’s direct progeny and total annual pedigree-based genetic contribution from 1980 to 2017. Blue: first period of the use of Naif; and green: second period of the use of Naif | PMC10114384 | 12711_2023_801_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.457965 | edde9f9c6d614c0eb0bec0ae7d68c1aa | Old and recent contribution of Naif evaluated from pedigree data from 2004 to 2017. In blue: old contribution from the first period of the use of Naif; and in green: recent contribution from the second period of the use of Naif | PMC10114384 | 12711_2023_801_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.511485 | ae00c85b16bc48858b6e01dbd9f6c4f6 | Average heterozygosity of contemporary cohorts for both uses of the Naif bull. The 62 bulls in Cohort 1 are shown in pink, the 165 bulls in Cohort 2 are shown in blue, Naif is represented by the purple triangle, the mean of each cohort corresponds to the yellow square | PMC10114384 | 12711_2023_801_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.560248 | ef91376d430b49cf8a57a6fc6e069055 | Inbreeding of individuals of cohort 2017 depending on their link with the recent use of Naif. Blue: individuals that do not originate from the recent use of Naif; and green: individuals that originate from the recent use of Naif | PMC10114384 | 12711_2023_801_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.387202 | f17be9065ee14bbc90ab5220bbc280a2 | Principal component analysis of genotyping data for Cohort 1 (a) and Cohort 2 (b). Naif is represented by the blue dot | PMC10114384 | 12711_2023_801_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.384247 | 2672af3f266b4a4bbdb5f86415d288e8 | Between-class analysis of genotyping data of cohort 2017. Red: individuals not related to Naif; green: individuals with one old link with Naif; orange: individuals with two old links with Naif; blue: individuals with one old and one recent link with Naif; purple: individuals with one recent link with Naif; and magenta: individual with two recent links with Naif | PMC10114384 | 12711_2023_801_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.42747 | 5425097fc9684b0094d0465d35c3fe3b | Distribution of INEL (a), reproduction index (b) and ISU (c) for Cohort 1 and Cohort 2. The 62 bulls in Cohort 1 are shown in pink, the 165 bulls in Cohort 2 are shown in blue, Naif is represented by the black dashed line, the mean of each cohort is represented by the solid line and the different gaps between Naif and the mean of each cohort by the arrows | PMC10114384 | 12711_2023_801_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.62359 | 343de4c48a5448b7b73c674f39e91fd5 | Average values of INEL (a), reproduction index (b) and ISU (c) in the two generations following the second use of Naif. The average values of the offspring from the reuse of Naif’s frozen semen are represented in blue and those of the offspring from the other sire families are represented in yellow. Error bars correspond to confidence intervals | PMC10114384 | 12711_2023_801_Fig8_HTML.jpg |
0.457052 | 8ec43f7a12184d50a11ae900f61afd84 | Distribution of INEL (a) and a milk index (b) for females mated with Cohort 1 and Cohort 2. The 2443 cows in Cohort 1a are shown in pink, the 4092 cows in Cohort 2a are shown in blue, the mean of each cohort is represented by the solid line, the performance mean of the Cohort 1b and Cohort 2b are represented by the black dashed lines and the gaps between the different cohort means by the arrows | PMC10114384 | 12711_2023_801_Fig9_HTML.jpg |
0.420833 | edc9b57a7f1b436e8d234af2a8c0ba40 | ‘Leaky Pipeline’ phenomenon for women members of the German Cardiac Society. With every career stage, as well as positions of influence in the society (depicted as steps above, red line), the share of women reduces (depicted as percent). Measures to move towards gender equity are necessary to avoid a knowledge and competence drain in the field of cardiology and cardiovascular research of women presented with barriers to move forward in their career. | PMC10114529 | oead034_ga1.jpg |
0.503556 | 5f3d597ab8334a9b8d0497bd96243ebb | Neurotrophic factors increase neuroplasticity, especially synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission, and neuronal survival, growth, and differentiation. An increase in neuroplasticity is likely to induce antidepressant effects. BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; TrkB, tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B; GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; GFRα1, GDNF-family receptor-α1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; NGF, nerve growth factor; TrkA, tropomyosin-related kinase receptor A. | PMC10115971 | fphar-14-1182666-g001.jpg |
0.502084 | d40e6df834934760ab712be74870b8e6 | A photograph of the ciranda activity in practice | PMC10116889 | 41276_2023_417_Figa_HTML.jpg |
0.398026 | 0147d470c1f34111b9668e97c988688d | Evaluation of VLP-cvD vaccine efficacy against ZIKV PRVAB59 in a mosquito-mouse transmission model. (A) Schematic representation of the immunization and challenge procedure. Each (n = 6) 4-week-old A129 mouse received 3 doses of VLP-cvD or PBS mixed with AddaVax adjuvant. Seven days prior to bite-mediated challenge, mosquitoes were infected with ZIKV by intrathorax microinjection. (B) Anti-dimeric E antibody titers of sera collected from animals immunized with VLP-cvD (blue) or PBS (gray). Antibody titers were determined using ELISA plates coated with mono-biotinylated dimeric E. The titer was defined as the maximum dilution that gives a value higher than three times the value given by the preimmune sera. Control sera were negative at the lowest dilution (1:900), and their titer was calculated as one-third of that dilution (300). Data are geometric means with geometric standard deviations (SD) from three independent experiments. (C) Neutralization of PRVABC59 ZIKV infection. Serially diluted samples of mouse sera were incubated with ZIKV for 1 h before infecting Vero-furin cells. At 72 h postinfection, the intracellular levels of E were determined by capture sandwich ELISA, and the percentage infectivity relative to that of the virus alone was calculated. The results were plotted as MN50 values. Data are geometric means with geometric SD from three independent experiments. (D) Number of fed mosquitoes per mouse at the end of the feeding procedure. Mice were anesthetized and put on cardboard cups containing 10 infected mosquitoes each. After 20 min, mice were removed, mosquitoes were anesthetized by exposure to low temperature, and the engorged mosquitoes were counted. (E) Relative quantification of ZIKV genome copies normalized on the host genome in mosquito carcasses. (F and G) Animals were weighed (F) and scored for clinical signs daily postchallenge (G). The scoring system used to monitor animal health following ZIKV challenge was as follows: 0 (green) for no signs of distress or disease, 1 (yellow) for one sign of distress, 2 (orange) for two signs of distress or mild disease, and 3 (red; humane endpoint) for more than two signs of severe disease or loss of 15% of body weight. (H) Viral titers in challenged animals. The levels of ZIKV in the serum at days 2, 3, 4, and 7 postinfection were quantified by RT-qPCR, and the results were plotted as equivalent PFU per milliliter. The limit of quantification was estimated to be 100 PFU/mL, indicated by the dotted line. Data are geometric means from all mice with geometric SD. Assays were performed in triplicate. **, P = 0.0021; ****, P < 0.0001. | PMC10117074 | msphere.00564-22-f001.jpg |
0.415534 | 217bdd9aa564449c90f8e3cee2afa198 | Evaluation of VLP-cvD vaccine efficacy against ZIKV MP1751 in a mouse-mosquito transmission model. (A) Anti-dimeric E antibody titers of sera collected from A129 mice immunized with VLP-cvD (blue and pink) or PBS (gray and brown). Data are geometric means with geometric SD from three independent experiments. (B) Neutralization of MP1751 ZIKV infection. The results were plotted as MN50 values. Data are geometric means with geometric SD from three independent experiments. (C) Number of fed mosquitoes per mouse at the end of the feeding procedure. (D) Relative quantification of ZIKV genome copies normalized to the host genome in mosquito carcasses. (E) Survival of mice in the course of the 14-day challenge. (F) Mouse scoring for signs of infection. (G) Animal body weight variations, calculated as a percentage of the initial weight. The red line indicates the day of the transmission feeding procedure (day 4). (H) Viral titers in challenged animals at days 3 and 5. Data are geometric means from all mice with geometric SD. Quantification was performed in triplicate. The dotted line indicates the limit of quantification. Red arrowheads indicate data for control-mosquito mouse 5 and orange arrowheads indicate data for vaccinated-needle mouse 1 throughout the figure. *, P = 0.0332; **, P = 0.0021; ***, P = 0.0002; ****, P < 0.0001. | PMC10117074 | msphere.00564-22-f002.jpg |
0.413814 | 206849c16a99452da14a90490b846d92 | Reverse transmission from mammalian host to invertebrate vector. (A) Schematic of A129 mouse immunization, virus challenge, and subsequent postfeeding mosquito analysis. Animals correspond to the needle groups whose data are shown in Fig. 2. (B) Viral titer in challenged animals at days 3 (solid bars) and 5 (hatched bars). The x axis indicates individual mice. Quantification was performed in triplicate. (C) Number of mosquitoes that completed a blood meal on VLP-cvD (pink)- or PBS (brown)-injected mice. Data are the number of engorged mosquitoes at the end of the feeding procedure (day 0) and the individual surviving the 2 weeks incubation period (day 14). (D) Relative quantification of ZIKV genome copies normalized to the host genome from mosquito carcasses. (E) Quantification of viral titer in homogenized mosquito salivary glands by FFA. The data are shown as box plots with minimum and maximum values indicated; dots represent individual data points. The orange arrowhead indicates vaccinated mouse 1. (F) Percentage of infected (red) and noninfected (green) mosquitoes 14 days after feeding in vaccinated or control mice. Data are percentages of the total analyzed individuals. ****, P < 0.0001. | PMC10117074 | msphere.00564-22-f003.jpg |
0.47319 | 0696ac1a79254759998945913a587196 | Overview of the peer review module. Created with BioRender. | PMC10117125 | jmbe.00156-22-f001.jpg |
0.425221 | 89218018119446bdbb5eb1c641b201e7 | Student responses to the statement “I understand how scientific publications are evaluated.” Responses from 96 students were collected electronically via the Canvas learning management system survey function in a biochemistry laboratory course. One enrolled student did not participate in the survey. Preactivity responses (light) were collected during lecture prior to the lecture activity. Postactivity responses (dark) were collected during class after the lecture activity. | PMC10117125 | jmbe.00156-22-f002.jpg |
0.467286 | 4101912a7d4a42b2831da2a584cd033e | Demographics. (a, c) Histograms of the change in refractive error at 1 year and 2 years, respectively. The red lines indicate the median of the progression. (b, d) Refractive errors at baseline versus refraction progression at 1 year and 2 years, respectively. | PMC10117224 | iovs-64-4-16-f001.jpg |
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