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{
"accepted_answer_id": "46804",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I hear them a lot in anime, are they the same?\n\nI think the formal form should be 行ってしまいました／行ってしまった. Is it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-23T11:00:19.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46803",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "行っちまった and 行っちゃった differences?",
"view_count": 1692
} | [
{
"body": "As far as the basic meaning, there is no difference between the two.\n\nThe differences that do exist are three-fold.\n\n> 1) Regionality:\n\n「行っちまった」 is dialectal. It is mainly used around Tokyo, which is why you hear\nit often in anime.\n\n「行っちゃった」 is used all over the country.\n\n(Of course, Kansai users might come in to comment that they say 「行って **もうた**\n」.)\n\n> 2) Nuance:\n\n「行っちまった」 sounds more slangy and \"desparate\" than 「行っちゃった」. It just sounds more\n\"street\".\n\n「行っちゃった」 sounds fairly neutral even though it is a colloquial expression.\n\n> 3) Gender:\n\n「行っちまった」 is mainly used by male speakers.\n\n「行っちゃった」 is used by just about \"everyone\".\n\n> \"I think the formal form should be 行ってしまいました／行ってしまった. Is it?\"\n\nYes, precisely.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-23T11:17:27.347",
"id": "46804",
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]
| 46803 | 46804 | 46804 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46810",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 本当に仲のおよろしいことで\n\nWhat is this ことで ?\n\nAbout the context, the person said to two people that their relationship\nlooked good. That is the sentence I provided.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-23T11:37:02.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46805",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-23T11:56:47.977",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ことで in this sentence?",
"view_count": 4374
} | [
{
"body": "> 本当に仲のおよろしい **ことで**\n\nThis phrase is the short form of 本当{ほんとう}に仲{なか}のおよろしいことで **何{なに}よりです**.\n\nThe function of 「こと」 in this phrase is to make the preceding phrase\n本当{ほんとう}に仲{なか}のおよろしい to be a noun clause and also **to express the speaker's\nadmiration or exclamation which is written in Chocolate's Answer** , and the\nfunction of 「で」 is to make the noun clause to be the reason for the following\nphrase 何{なに}よりです.\n\nThen the whole phrase means: You are 何{なに}よりです because you are\n本当{ほんとう}に仲{なか}のおよろしい.\n\n何{なに}よりです is the short form of 何{なに}より素晴{すば}らしい meaning \"better than anything\nelse.\"\n\n本当{ほんとう}に仲{なか}のおよろしい is the polite expression of 本当{ほんとう}に仲{なか}がよい meaning\n\"truely be on good terms with each other.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-23T12:45:58.583",
"id": "46810",
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{
"body": "> 本当に仲のおよろしいことで\n\nI think the こと here is used in the sense of:\n\n> こと【事】〘名詞〙 \n> ❿ ㋑ 感動・詠嘆を表す。 \n> 「故郷の山は何と懐かしい **こと** だ」「いやあ、うらやましい **こと** で…」 \n> （表現）「・・・ことです（丁寧語）」「・・・こった」などのバリエーションがある。 \n> 「まあ、景色の美しい **こと** 」など、「だ」を伴わない言い方も多い。 （明鏡国語辞典）\n\nThe こと expresses the speaker's 感動・詠嘆 (admiration or exclamation).\n\nAnd, the overly polite およろしい sounds rather sarcastic to me; I'd expect\n本当に仲のいいことで or maybe 本当に仲のよろしいことで in a normal situation.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-23T15:57:12.667",
"id": "46813",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 46805 | 46810 | 46813 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46824",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am a Japanese learner and I would like to know how my name is in Japanese.\nMy name is Bill and I have seen the translations \"ビル\" (biru) and \"バジル\"\n(bajiru). I am aware that バジル means \"basil\" but I use it most of the times.\nCan you please help me?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-23T15:23:11.533",
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"id": "46812",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"names",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Converting names to Japanese",
"view_count": 219
} | [
{
"body": "ビル is a good transcription of the name Bill. This website confirms the match:\n<http://apps.nolanlawson.com/japanese-name-converter/#?q=Bill>\n\nExample:\n\n> なぜウィリアムのあだ名がビルなんですか？またなぜロバートはボブなんですか？\n\nThis is from a yahoo question website.\n\n> Why is Bill a nickname for William? Also, why does Robert become Bob?\n\nYou're quite right about バジル being the Japanese word for basil - it would make\nyou sound as though you were named after a herb. More to the point, it doesn't\nsound anything like your name. ビッル might be another transcription, but this\nseems strange to me and I can't find any examples of it being used.\n\nIncidentally, ビル could also mean a multi-storey building or a bill, as in\ncheck, invoice, paper money or beak of a bird - these are loan words from\nEnglish. <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-24T06:15:46.210",
"id": "46824",
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| 46812 | 46824 | 46824 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46816",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Referring to items at a mask selling stall:\n\n> じいさんはうさぎの **二個隣** にあるドラえもんを指さした。 \n> The man pointed at the ドラえもん figure ??? next to the rabbit\n\nI'm confused about what 二個隣 means. Does it mean that the ドラえもん is two items\nalong from the rabbit? Or there is a ドラえもん on either side of the rabbit? Or\nsomething else?\n\nLet D be ドラえもん, R be rabbit and x be any other item. What does the arrangement\nlook like? \nRxxD? \nRxD? \nDRD? \n???",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-23T17:24:36.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46815",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-25T12:29:47.453",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"counters"
],
"title": "Counter followed by 隣",
"view_count": 413
} | [
{
"body": "It's `RxD`.\n\n1個隣, ひとつ隣 `RD` \n2個隣, ふたつ隣 `RxD` \n3個隣, みっつ隣 `RxxD`\n\nNumbers larger than three is possible, but the larger the number is, the less\nlikely 隣 would be used. People use 5個離れて, ななつ先 and such instead.\n\nYou can use other counters depending on what's aligned, for example 2人隣, 3台隣,\n2軒隣.\n\n1個隣/1つ隣 is redundant because just saying 隣 usually means 1つ隣. But it's\nsometimes used to explicitly say something is directly adjacent.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-23T18:13:12.253",
"id": "46816",
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{
"body": "> 二個隣\n\n二個{にこ}隣{となり} is pronounced _niko tonari_.\n\nThe meaning is just what is explained in naruto's answer.\n\nIn my answer, I'll tell you the other important items that are not written in\nnaruto's answer.\n\n> じいさんはうさぎの二個｛にこ｝隣｛となり｝にあるドラえもんを指した｛さした｝。\n\nIn a normal phrase, it should be written as follows:\n\n> じいさんはうさぎの二人｛ふたり｝隣｛どなり｝に居｛い｝るドラえもんを指した｛さした｝。\n\nThe pronunciation of 隣{どなり} _donari_ is euphonically changed from 隣{となり}\n_tonari_.\n\nIn the Japanese language, when we count something including living thing we\nuse a designated unit depending on something such as 二人{ふたり}, 三台{さんだい},\n四軒{よんけん}, 五匹{ごひき}, etc.\n\nHowever, there is not necessarily a fixed unit for everything. In this case,\nwe use \"個{こ}\" as a unit. To use designated unit properly is quite difficult\neven for adults. When we do not understand the right designated unit we use\n\"個{こ}\" in substitution for the right unit unwillingly, but this means lack of\nintellectual culture for the adult.\n\nAs for that \"二{に}個{こ}\" is used in substitution for \"二人{ふたり}\" in the\nconversation mentioned above, the writer metaphorically indicate that normal\nchildren do not have intellectual culture as adults have indirectly.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-24T12:57:17.593",
"id": "46826",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 46815 | 46816 | 46816 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46822",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "(I'm a beginner. I just started learning Japanese about a month before I wrote\nthis.)\n\nThe Japanese Wikipedia article\n[飛べない鳥](https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9B%E3%81%B9%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E9%B3%A5&oldid=61224323),\nwhich corresponds to the English Wikipedia article [Flightless\nbird](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flightless_bird&oldid=776201655),\nhas the sentence\n\n> ペンギンはよく[知られている]{しられている}[飛べない]{とべない}[鳥]{とり}の[一例]{イチレイ}である\n\nwhich I parse as\n\n> ペンギンは（（よく知られている飛べない鳥）の（一例））である\n\nwhich translates to\n\n> Penguins are an example of well-known flightless birds.\n\nwhere \"well-known\" modifies \"flightless birds\", but I think I can also parse\nthe sentence as\n\n> ペンギンは（（よく知られている）（（飛べない鳥）の（一例）））である\n\nwhich translates to\n\n> Penguins are a well-known example of flightless birds.\n\nwhere \"well-known\" modifies \"example of flightless birds\", which is also the\ncase in the English Wikipedia. I think both interpretations make sense.\n\nIf I were to translate the second English sentence to Japanese, I would write\n(without the parentheses)\n\n> ペンギンは（（飛べない鳥）の（よく知られている一例））である\n\nthat is, I would place \"well-known\" as close as syntactically possible to\n\"example\".\n\nThe questions:\n\nWhich parsing is the correct one (regardless of what is in the English\nWikipedia)?\n\nAre Japanese modifiers \"greedy\" (modifies as large part as possible), \"anti-\ngreedy\" (a.k.a. \"non-greedy\", modifies as small part as possible), or do they\nmean whatever people choose them to mean?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-23T22:11:43.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46817",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-24T03:56:54.590",
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"owner_user_id": "21863",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"relative-clauses",
"parsing",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "Are Japanese modifiers \"greedy\", \"anti-greedy\", or do they mean whatever people choose them to mean?",
"view_count": 1038
} | [
{
"body": "## Revised Edition\n\n> Are Japanese modifiers \"greedy\" (modifies as large part as possible), \"anti-\n> greedy\" (a.k.a. \"non-greedy\", modifies as small part as possible), or do\n> they mean whatever people choose them to mean?\n\n**Conclusion:**\n\nAs the beginning of my conclusion I would say that Japanese modifiers are\n**anti-greedy**. In other words, they modify as small part as possible by\nmodifying as close part as possible.\n\nHowever, when a sentence does not make sense by the first attempt of the anti-\ngreedy modifiers, the reader would make the modifiers greedier little by\nlittle until he/she could judge the sentence becomes making sense. In this\nsense, **they mean whatever people choose them to mean**.\n\nEven with these reader's attempt, however, his/her interpretation of the\nsentence may possibly be different from that of the writer's intention because\nthere are limits of the ability and/or the knowledge of the reader besides the\nwriter's writing skill.\n\n**Reasons:**\n\nThe reason I judged at first that they are \"anti-greedy\" is that Japanese\nprefers **simplicity** of a sentence.\n\nThe second reason why I judged that \"they mean whatever the people choose them\nto mean\" is that there are **fewer function words** to prescribe the\nconstruction in a sentence in Japanese in comparison with English.\n\nFunction words such as relative pronouns/adverbs in English have effective\nfunctions to prevent a given sentence from being interpreted in many ways. The\nscarcity of the function word in Japanese may give its sentence room to be\ninterpreted variously.\n\n**Finally** , from such the property of the modifiers of Japanese language, it\nis necessary for the writer to devise not to let the sentence be interpreted\ndifferently from his/her intention through examining possible various parsing.\n\nAs for the given sample sentence (1), you may semi-literally rewrite it to\n(2)' and (3)' but they are not so natural. I would like to rewrite (1) to\n(4)', which is very natural as a Japanese sentence.\n\n> (1) ペンギンはよく知られている飛べない鳥の一例である。\n>\n> (2) Penguins are an example of well-known flightless birds. \n> (2)' ペンギンはよく知られている飛べない鳥としての一例である。\n>\n> (3) Penguins are a well-known example of flightless birds. (Wikipedia) \n> (3)' ペンギンは飛べない鳥としてよく知られた一例である。\n>\n> (4) Penguins are well known as an example of flightless birds. (mackygoo) \n> (4)' ペンギンは飛べない鳥の一例としてよく知られている。\n\n* * *\n\n## Former Edition\n\n> Are Japanese modifiers \"greedy\" (modifies as large part as possible), \"anti-\n> greedy\" (a.k.a. \"non-greedy\", modifies as small part as possible), or do\n> they mean whatever people choose them to mean?\n\nI don't know the greediness of Japanese modifiers. But I think we would grasp\nthe meaning of the sentence by means of readability, which would decide the\nsentence to be natural as Japanese language.\n\n> ペンギンはよく知られている飛べない鳥の一例である。\n\nI read the sentence several times loudly. Then, **I found I was reading it by\ninserting pauses in several ways** like these:\n\n> * 「ペンギンは」 「よく知られている飛べない鳥の」 「一例である。」\n> * 「ペンギンは」 「よく知られている」 「飛べない鳥の一例である。」\n>\n\nIf I consider the readability between them, the first one has the priority for\nme. I don't know why. I thought about the reason. In this case, I didn't think\nthe meaning of it deeply while I was reading it. The reason the former\nsentence is easier to be read is that I heared 「よく知られている飛べない鳥」like sentence\nstructures many times more than that of 「よく知られている」 + 「飛べない鳥の一例である」.\n\nAnd now I found the former one is simpler than the other in a sentence\nstructure because 「よく知られている」 and 「飛べない」, both of which are co-existing and co-\neffective adjectives of 「鳥」, are expressed at once, while in the other one,\nyou have to settle the relations among 「よく知られている」, 「飛べない鳥」 and 「飛べない鳥の一例」at\nthe same time when you hear 「飛べない鳥の一例である」.\n\n**You are not so clever to settle them at once. This is my conclusion.**\n\nIf you have many modifiers in one sentence you have to express them in a\nsimpler way. If the way is called greedy, I could say Japanese modfiers are\ngreedy.\n\nBut I think that apart from greediness, it is important to decide what you\nwant to say at first. Once you decide what you want to say, you should write\nit in the way by which **it is not misread** at first, and also easy to be\nread. For this purpose, you have to think about the sentence structure such as\nan word order and sometimes you have to allow the case even the sentence\nshould be divided into two or more parts.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-24T01:23:11.530",
"id": "46819",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-28T23:34:35.953",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-28T23:34:35.953",
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{
"body": "Unfortunately, there is no easy and clear rule to determine which parsing\nstrategy is correct. The general rule is \"Choose the shortest and simplest\nparsing strategy _as long as it makes sense_ \". It depends on the context,\nyour vocabulary, and your common sense.\n\nBut please don't worry too much -- English speakers also do similar things\nevery day. Compare \"the price of the lunch I ate\" and \"the price of the lunch\nI paid\". Noticed that the relative clause at the end is being more \"greedy\" in\nthe latter phrase?\n\n* * *\n\nSo let's examine よく知られている飛べない鳥の一例. The three modifiers are よく知られている (\"well-\nknown\"), 飛べない (\"flightless\", \"which cannot fly\") and 鳥の (\"of birds\").\n\nTechnically speaking, this is one possible interpretation:\n\n * （よく知られている）（（飛べない）（鳥の一例）） \na well-known example which cannot fly and is about birds\n\nIn general, this is not a rare grammatical pattern at all. But you seem to\nhave unconsciously rejected this interpretation because you know it's nonsense\nto talk about whether 'an example' flies or not.\n\nBetween the two remaining interpretations:\n\n * （よく知られている）（（飛べない鳥の）一例） \na well-known example of flightless birds\n\n * （（よく知られている）飛べない鳥の）一例 \nan example of well-known flightless birds\n\nI prefer the former interpretation and the corresponding translation. While\nthe latter may seem grammatically simpler, I feel the author is talking about\na famous example, not about certain famous birds. But in this case, perhaps\nthe meaning of the sentence won't change drastically either way.\n\n* * *\n\nHere are some more examples of \"greedy\" modifiers which may seem tricky at\nfirst. The only way to choose the right interpretation is to user your common\nsense.\n\n * 寿司を食べているスーツを着た男 \n(\"a man in a suit eating sushi\" -- this is ambiguous also in English, but of\ncourse you don't read this as \"a man wearing a sushi-eating suit\")\n\n * 昨日私が食べた子どもが作った料理 \n(It's \"the dish I ate yesterday\", not \"the child I ate yesterday\")\n\n * [辞書で聞いた単語を調べた。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/42345/5010)",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-24T05:02:48.073",
"id": "46822",
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"body": "The problem with this parsing,\n\n> Penguins are an example of well-known flightless birds.\n\nis that it's rejected by context and is uncomfortable to read. There are\nplenty of examples of ambiguous sentences in both English and Japanese; and\nindeed in the latter, you come to expect them, especially in speech. In fact,\nJapanese sorts meaning by context more often than English, I think.\n\nThe second sentence reads much more comfortably.\n\n> Penguins are a well-known example of flightless birds.\n\nIf you reverse translate it so,\n\n> ペンギンは（（飛べない鳥）の（よく知られている一例））である\n\nit sounds like a direct translation made to fit Japanese grammar and is, I\nexpect, unidiomatic.\n\n飛べない鳥 is a category of bird; therefore, the modifier is closely tied to the\nnoun - like 'flightless bird' in English. We would never say 'flightless well-\nknown bird' because 'well-known' would break up this unit. よく知られている indicates\nthat what comes next is well known, acting like an adverb, if you will; then\nis completed by being tied to 一例, since 鳥 doesn't fit idiomatically.\n\nAlso, if you put よく知らている next to 一例, priority is given to the the fact the\nexample is well known, rather than the fact that penguins are flightless is\nwell known. The reader will infer that the penguin is a flightless bird among\nthe well-known single examples, which is an odd reading. With this parsing,\nよく知らている is less a descriptor of 'penguins' than of 'single examples'. A\nstrange thing to say.\n\nTo use your terminology, it is non-greedy to begin with; then it is greedy\nwhen the right noun comes along.\n\nWhen I studied The Iliad in Ancient Greek, modifiers often worked in much the\nsame way.",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-24T05:09:39.567",
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| 46817 | 46822 | 46822 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46828",
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"body": "What's the difference between these 2 terms?\n\nBoth refer to dreams but I want to know if ドリームスケープ may be referring to events\nthat even though they've been dreamt, they are sure to happen in the future.\nI'm looking for the meaning from the normal jananese point of view, not the\ntechnical stuff most people (even native speakers) don't know.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference between 夢想 and ドリームスケープ",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "夢想 is a literary suru-verb that means \"to imagine like a dream\" (as in \"I\ndream of becoming a president\").\n\nドリームスケープ is not a word recognized by ordinary Japanese people. Probably this\nis a direct transliteration of English\n[_dreamscape_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamscape) used as movie titles\nand such. But normal Japanese people will be only confused if you used it in a\nconversation.",
"comment_count": 4,
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| 46827 | 46828 | 46828 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I understand that there's the Gojuon order for あいうえお and so forth, but if I\nhad list with Katakana アイウエオ, do I order it all like あいうえおアイウエオ, or do I order\nit like あアいイうウえエおオ? Consequently if I have Jukugo in this same list, does it\nget interspersed with the Hiragana and Katakana? Or does it get separated and\nadded to the end?\n\nTrying to find a concrete answer but my textbook is providing with no\nsolutions.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-24T16:24:09.033",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"katakana",
"hiragana",
"sorting-order"
],
"title": "How do I alphabetize a list with Hiragana, Katakana and Jukugo?",
"view_count": 2959
} | [
{
"body": "You simply \"alphabetize\" by sound in **aiueo** order, regardless of how it's\nactually written.",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-24T16:28:02.340",
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"body": "This is a problem that is not and will not be completely solved.\n\nIn general, you sort by the reading of a word, in the gojūon order, regardless\nof the actual character. If you had a list of nonsense words like [あかさ, アカコ,\n赤{あか}け], they would be sorted to an ascending order like this:\n\n> * 赤{あか}け\n> * アカコ\n> * あかさ\n>\n\nThis is not part of gojūon, but computers sort characters so that dakuten\n(like in ば) and handakuten (like in ぱ) come after は: `sorted([ば、ぱ、は])` →\n`[は、ば、ぱ]`. Small kana come before normal-sized kana: `sorted([づ、っ、つ])` →\n`[っ、つ、づ]`.\n\nYou will have to decide yourself what to do with words that have the same\nreading but are in ひらがな, カタカナ or 漢字. One way is to not care and just treat\nthem equally, but you can also keep the list organized and choose to sort\nhiragana before katakana and katakana before kanji. If there are many words\nwith the same reading but different kanji, you can use the code point of the\nkanji as a fallback (more about that later).\n\nHowever, as @Jimmy said in comments, names (and even some words written in\nkanji) can have multiple readings. You will not know how to sort for example\nthe name 淳子, because it can be read じゅんこ、あつこ、きよこ、あきこ. Also the word 日日 can be\nread ひび、ひにち or even にちにち.\n\nThen there are marks that depend on the previous syllable.\n\n * Long vowel mark 「ー」 should be read as ア in シャワー.\n * Iteration marks (ゝ、ゞ、ヽ、ヾ) indicate repeated kana, possibly voicing it in the process. They are not commonly used and it might not be worth the trouble to convert them to kana for sorting.\n\nKanji repetition marks (々) might need to be converted to the preceding kanji\nif the dictionary used for reading lookup doesn't index words that frequently\nuse them. Example: 日々 → 日日.\n\nIf we're talking about computer-based sorting, the program sorting the words\nor names could check word readings from a dictionary, and in uncertain cases\nchoose the most common alternative. This kind of functionality doesn't exist\nby default in any programming languages that I know of, and they sort the\nstrings according to the code point of each character. [This happens to be\nalphabetical in English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set),\nbut as you can see, if the string is not converted to upper- or lowercase\ncompletely, uppercase will always come before lowercase.\n\n[Here is a corresponding list for\nhiragana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana#Unicode) and [here for\nkatakana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana#Unicode). Because hiragana\nstarts at `0x3040` and katakana starts at `0x30A0`, hiragana will be sorted\nbefore katakana like UPPERCASE vs. lowercase by default. The code page is\nmostly in gojūon order (excluding rare kana like ヴ/ゖ), and one way of sorting\nwould be to convert every word to katakana or hiragana and sort by that.",
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| 46831 | null | 46841 |
{
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"body": "簡単{かんたん} and 単純{たんじゅん} seem to both mean simple. Are they used in different\nsituations or have slightly different meanings?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-24T17:41:35.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "differences between 簡単 and 単純",
"view_count": 1054
} | [
{
"body": "Quite different, actually.\n\n[簡単{かんたん}](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%B0%A1%E5%8D%98) means simple as\nin \"easy\", \"not difficult\", or \"plain\".\n\nExamples of use would be:\n\n> このゲームは簡単だよ。 This game is easy. \n> 簡単に言うと、時間はかかる。 Simply put, this will take time.\n\n[単純{たんじゅん}](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8D%98%E7%B4%94) means simple as\nin \"simple-minded\", or \"not complex\".\n\nExamples of use would be:\n\n> 彼は単純な人。 He is a simple-minded man. (Note this is a belittling statement) \n> 単純骨折 simple bone fracture.\n\nFor the most part, if you think of 簡単{かんたん} as \"easy\" and 単純{たんじゅん} as\n\"simple\", the meanings should be clearer to you.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-24T18:45:29.073",
"id": "46835",
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| 46833 | 46835 | 46835 |
{
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"body": "Recently, I've seen this sentence somewhere:\n\n簡単に入れる大学に入って、いい結婚相手を見つければいいかな。\n\nI'd like to know what is the meaning of the ～ばいいかな construction here - is it\nmerely a \"I wonder if...\" sentence (\"I wonder if I'll find a good\nhusband/wife...\") or is it closer to ～ばいいな, i.e. \"I wish I found a good\nhusband\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-24T18:55:56.170",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "Meaning of ～ばいいかな",
"view_count": 1433
} | [
{
"body": "「すればいい」(and also「したらいい」) is often translated as \"should\". Not so much in the\nmoral sense, like when someone says \"you shouldn't steal\", but in the very\neveryday sense. A good example of this is the fact that 「どこに行けばいい？」is a fairly\ncommon construction used to ask where someone should go, for example if you're\ntrying to meet up with your friend.\n\nThe 「かな」here mostly adds a nuance of uncertainty, like the person expressing\nthis isn't quite certain that what they're saying is correct/desirable.\n\nPutting all of that together, I would translate this as something like\n\n> \"I wonder if I should just get into an easy university and find an someone\n> good to marry.\"\n\n\"I wonder\" could also easily be \"maybe\", \"perhaps\", or your choice of phrase\nto express uncertainty. I also went from \"easy to get into university\" to\n\"easy university\" because the latter is a little more natural in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-24T19:26:25.917",
"id": "46837",
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"body": "I can't give you the grammar behind it, but I can give you the translation and\nexplanation. Hopefully there's someone who can answer the grammar part in more\ndetail.\n\n> I guess I'd be fine with geting into a easy college and find a good\n> husband/wife.\n\nI think context is needed to explain this translation. Seeing the Japanese,\nthe question I assume that is being asked is something to the effect of:\n\n> これからの進路はどうするつもり？ \n> What are your plans for the future? (to a high school student)\n\nSo imagine a high school student thinking about this, not having a concrete\nplan yet, so he/she is throwing out a very vague and answer. The 「～ばいい」 here\nis not \"should\" but \"it would be nice if\" or \"I would be fine with\".\n\nI read 「かな」 here as \"I guess\", something that is more vague than uncertain.\n\nI can't tell you why, but the only way I would see 「かな」 as \"I wonder\" is if\nthere was 「の」 before it, making it more of a question.\n\n> 簡単に入れる大学に入って、いい結婚相手を見つければいい **の** かな。 \n> I wonder if I should enter an easy college and find a good husband/wife.",
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"body": "簡単に入れる大学に入って、いい結婚相手を見つければいいかな\n\nThis sentence means I hope I'm going to get into an easy university and find\nsomeone to marry.\n\nShe doesn't think making effort for studying or working. Her life's goal is to\nget married to rich nice man.",
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| 46836 | null | 46838 |
{
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"body": "For example:\n\n * Naguru - to strike\n * Sasou - to invite\n * Kisu suru - to kiss\n\nHow do i know which one between wo and ni is the correct one?\n\n * Kanoji ni sasou or kanojo wo sasou?\n * Kanojo ni kisu suru or kanojo wo kisu suru?\n\nIts very hard to me because it looks like i have to guess the particle when im\nusing a verb with a person",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-25T01:35:24.383",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "How do i know the difference between ni or wo while using verbs with people",
"view_count": 9052
} | [
{
"body": "If put very simply, wo is the default one that defines the verb done by the\nsubject. \nni on the other hand is the one you use when the subject is affected by an\naction. I guess you could say it stands for \"by\".\n\n> watashi ha tomodachi **wo** keri shita. \n> I kicked my friend.\n>\n> watashi ha tomodachi **ni** keri sareta. \n> I was kicked **by** my friend.",
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"body": "> * Naguru - to strike\n> * Sasou - to invite\n> * Kisu suru - to kiss\n>\n\n>\n> How do i know which one between wo and ni is the correct one?\n>\n> * Kanoji ni sasou or kanojo wo sasou?\n> * Kanojo ni kisu suru or kanojo wo kisu suru?\n>\n\n〇 Kanojo wo naguru. But, it is no-no to strike her. \n✖ Kanojo ni naguru.\n\n〇 Kanojo wo sasou. \n✖ Kanojo ni sasou.\n\n〇 Kanojo ni kisu suru. \n✖ Kanojo wo kisu suru.\n\nAccording to the difference between \"woを\" and \"niに\" written at the URL\n<http://lang-8.com/183001/journals/634899> \nthe usage \"niに\" in your samples corresponds to \"(5) designate the object\" and\n\"woを\" corresponds to \"(1) Show the object.\"\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3OHoH.jpg)",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-25T02:04:06.140",
"id": "46842",
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"score": 0
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"body": "Basically you have to memorize the correct usage of each verb. It's not always\npossible to logically tell which verb takes which particle. Many English\ntransitive verbs are translated using intransitive verbs in Japanese, and vice\nversa. See [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16270/5010),\ntoo.\n\nBut roughly speaking, verbs that describe actions which directly and heavily\naffect the object tend to take を. Some \"mild\" verbs may take に. That's the\nbasic difference between transitive and intransitive verbs, after all.\n\n> * 彼を殴る, 彼を蹴る (to kick him), 彼を縛る (to bind him), 彼を殺害する (to kill him), ...\n> * 彼に頼む (to ask him (a favor)), 彼に感謝する (to thank him), 彼に挨拶する (to greet\n> him), ...\n>\n\nFor compound verbs, the second verb usually determines the particle it takes.\n\n> * 彼 **を** 殴る 彼 **に** 殴りかかる 彼 **と** 殴り合う\n> * 彼 **に** 聞く 彼 **から** 聞き出す\n>",
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| 46839 | null | 46845 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46853",
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"body": "I am on ch.82, pg.27 of Yotsuba&! manga. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lmgJZ.jpg)\nSource : <http://raw.senmanga.com/Yotsubato!/82/27>\n\nWhat does bubble in the first panel mean. To be specific,\n\n> きっと名のある牛だよ！\n>\n> 主なんじゃね！？\n\nI understand the above lines as,\n\n> This is definitely some named/famous cattle (meat)\n>\n> Isn't this rumoured/famous (cattle meat) ?\n\nI interpreted 「主」as \"subject (of a rumour)\" from the list of meanings (source\n: [jisho](http://jisho.org/word/%E4%B8%BB-2))\n\n> 1. head (of a household, etc.); leader; master\n> 2. owner; proprietor; proprietress\n> 3. subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed)\n> 4. guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers);\n> long-time resident (or employee, etc.)\n> 5. husband\n>\n\nAm I correct here ? Is 「名のある」a relative clause ? And is the usage similar to\nwhat's described\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12825/how-does-\nthe-%e3%81%ae-work-\nin-%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e4%ba%ba%e3%81%ae%e7%9f%a5%e3%82%89%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e)\n?\n\nAlso, I feel like my translation of 「主なんじゃね！？」 feels somehow incorrect,\nespecially 「主」.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-25T14:55:39.580",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"usage",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "What does 「名のある」 mean on this page of Yotsuba&! manga?",
"view_count": 1504
} | [
{
"body": "> きっと名{な}のある牛{うし}だよ！ \n> 主{ぬし}なんじゃね！？\n>\n> I understand the above lines as, \n> This is definitely some named/famous cattle (meat)\n\nI think it is a good tranlation.\n\n> Isn't this rumoured/famous (cattle meat) ? \n> Am I correct here ?\n\nNo, I don't think so.\n\n> 主{ぬし}なんじゃね！？\n\nThe phrase could be said:\n\n主{ぬし}なのじゃないか！？\n\nThe 「主」 is cattle and also a boss. In this case the phrase could be translated\nas \"Isn't this the boss cattle!?\"\n\n> Is 「名{な}のある」a relative clause ?\n\nYes, it is a relative clause and the usage is similar to what's described\n\"here.\"\n\nIf you write 「名{な}のある」 all in kanji, it will be as 「名{な}の有{あ}る」, which has the\nsame meaning 「有名{ゆうめい}な」. 「有名{ゆうめい}な」 is an adjective meaning \"famous.\"\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IBuMg.jpg)\n\n* * *\n\n**The difference between 「主｛ぬし｝」 and 「ボス」 in Japanese culture**\n\nI'm going to explain how you can properly use 「主｛ぬし｝」 and 「ボス」, which are the\ntitle of the creature having supreme power over its group or herd in Japanese\nlanguage.\n\nOn the page of a comics posted by the questioner, there is a word 「牛｛うし｝」 and\na 「主｛ぬし｝」. By these words I imagined a phrase : 「牛｛うし｝の群｛む｝れの主｛ぬし｝」 \"the\nleader of a herd of cattle\". Inspired by this phrase I posted a photograph\nshowing 「猿｛さる｝の群｛む｝れの主｛ぬし｝」 \"the leader of a troop of monkeys\".\n\nIn Japanese language, you could call the leader of a herd of cattle a 「主｛ぬし｝」,\nbut you couldn't call the leader of a troop of monkeys a 「主｛ぬし｝」, you should\ncall it a 「ボス」 instead. I made a white lie in the monkeys' photograph because\nof the explanation I'm giving now.\n\nThe word 「ボス」 is used as the title of the leader when the leader rules its\ncrowd/herd/troop by giving its power or threat.\n\nIn contrast with 「ボス」, 「主｛ぬし｝」 rules over its group with something like\ndignity derived from such as its exceptional size of the body or longevity\nunlike threatening power, or in other word his existence itself awes the group\nand makes him a leader of them.\n\nIn addition, 「ボス」 needs a group, but a group does not necessarily need for\n「主｛ぬし｝」. 「主｛ぬし｝」 could consist only of himself.\n\n「主｛ぬし｝」 may sometimes could be interpreted even as an owner of the specific\nnature such as a mountain, a forest, etc. not as a leader of a group.\n\n「主｛ぬし｝」 may be employed to call even distinguished fish in a river, a lake, a\npond or a swamp.\n\nFor example, there is an expression, \"there is a 主｛ぬし｝ of the swamp\". In this\nexpression we call a certain fish 「主｛ぬし｝」; the fish is such as a carp or\ncatfish of a big size beyond our imagination dwelling in the swamp for a long\nlong time. Of course, it is common that there are similar fish of the normal\nsize other than this enormously big carp or catfish, but the certain carp or\nthe catfish could be called \" the 主｛ぬし｝ of the swamp\" even if it dwells there\nonly by itself. In this case, I could imagine that the big fish is called\n「主｛ぬし｝」 not as the leader of a group, but as the owner of the swamp by\nimplication.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/M8z1K.jpg)",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-25T14:37:13.103",
"id": "46853",
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},
{
"body": "名のある is, yes, \"has a name\" or \"named\" as opposed to nameless characters in a\nnovel, game, etc. Probably it's okay to translate it simply as \"famous\", but\nit may not reflect ~~Yotsuba's~~ the funny and unique word choice here.\n\n主 roughly means \"lord\" or \"master\", but has several readings depending on what\nit actually refers to:\n\n * **あるじ** : master of a household; master as opposed to a slave; master of a pet\n * **しゅ** : Christian Lord (God), often heard in a prayer\n * **ぬし** : the strongest, largest or boss-like creature/animal/fish that has dwelt for a long time in a dungeon, pond, river, etc.\n\nぬし is mainly used in fishing and fantasy contexts. ぬし rarely refers to human\nbeings in modern Japanese, although it's possible to call someone ぬし jokingly.\nHere Yotsuba said ぬし, which sounds a bit funny to me -- being a ぬし means being\nthe strongest, largest or oldest, but usually it doesn't mean being delicious\n:-)",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-25T14:52:31.967",
"id": "46854",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 46850 | 46853 | 46853 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What’s the pattern in the following use of が?\n\n> 友達と海に行ってバーベキューをしたんですが、楽しかったですよ。\n\nI asked my teacher and she said it was similar to ので to state a cause and\neffect.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-25T16:53:21.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46855",
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"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "21887",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Use of が in this sentence",
"view_count": 79
} | []
| 46855 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46864",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context:\n\nA girl is monologuing. She's talking to another girl. She had previously said\nwhat she desires is her happiness. After that she monologues:\n\n> 違うんだよ、アリス。私はね、そうやって、自分を誤魔化してるんだよ。\n\nI'm well aware that the sentence she said before means something like: You're\nwrong, Alice. I'm only saying that to make myself look better.\n\nThis is what I'm not sure about:\n\n> あなたのことを気遣ってると思いこむことで、逃げてるんだよ。\n\nI'm just running away from it all by pretending/through caring about you like\nthis.\n\nShe really cares or she makes it seem she cares?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-25T18:44:11.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46856",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-26T01:56:31.423",
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"owner_user_id": "20387",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "In the next sentence does she really care or is she pretending to care?",
"view_count": 179
} | [
{
"body": "> 違うんだよ、アリス。私はね、そうやって、 **自分** を誤魔化してるんだよ。\n\nI don't know what you meant by \"make myself look better\", but I think it means\nthe \"monologuing girl\" is fooling herself.\n\n> あなたのことを気遣ってると思いこむ **ことで** 、逃げてるんだよ。\n\nHere, 「あなたのことを気遣ってると思いこむ」 is the **means** of running away (like you said),\nbut I don't think 「思いこむ」 itself is pretending, but rather \"imagining\nsomething\".\n\nSo yes, I think that she makes it seem that she cares, but only in the sense\nof fooling herself, not Alice. She even goes all the way to explain it to her.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T02:11:03.543",
"id": "46864",
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| 46856 | 46864 | 46864 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46858",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How do these two verbs differ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-25T19:28:27.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46857",
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"owner_user_id": "11827",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 愛する and 愛す",
"view_count": 1669
} | [
{
"body": "More or less like \"I love you\" and \"I love thee\" differ. 愛す is an older form\nwith basically the same meaning. Same with other す/する pairs like 略す／略する、座す／座する\netc.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-25T20:48:44.537",
"id": "46858",
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"last_editor_user_id": "622",
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"parent_id": "46857",
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"score": 8
},
{
"body": "Other than the answer by Ieboiko, sometimes 「愛する」and 「愛す」 are not\ninterchangeable.\n\nWhen A loves B you can say \"A is a person who loves B\", and also \"B is a\nperson whom A loves\". If you say them in Japanese with using the word 「愛す」,\nyou can say as:\n\n> * AはBを **愛す** 人です。or Bを **愛す** 人はAです。 - A is a person who loves B.\n> * BはAが **愛す** 人です。- B is a person whom A loves.\n>\n\nBut, in case of using the word 「愛する」, the situation differs. \nYou can say\n\n> 「BはAが **愛する** 人」 which means \"B is a person whom A loves\",\n\nbut you can't say\n\n> 「AはBを **愛する** 人」 which would have meant \"A is a person who loves B\".\n\nI don't know why, but at least I can say that 「愛す」 and 「愛する」are not always\ninterchangeable.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T02:20:17.387",
"id": "46865",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Conjugations of [single-on'yomi-kanji] + する verbs are unstable due to the\nlingering influence from Classical Japanese. In short, there are two variants\n(五段/consonant-stem and サ変/suru-stem) of the same verb always coexist.\n\n```\n\n 愛す 愛する\n 愛さない 愛しない\n 愛します = 愛します\n 愛した = 愛した\n 愛せば 愛すれば\n 愛せ (愛しろ; rare)\n 愛そう 愛しよう\n 愛せる (no equivalent)\n \n```\n\n(As for imperative, the Classical conjugation 愛せよ is still wide in use as a\nbookish expression, but not in everyday language.)\n\nExcept those I put in brackets, both series of forms are expected to appear in\nthe real life, with varied probability. This is applied to all verbs of the\nsame kind, including 適す（る）, 略す（る）, 制す（る）, 有す（る） etc. Moreover, the probability\nwhich series of conjugation (or even, whose particular form) is used also\ndiffers among verbs; for example, I usually hear the 愛す column used more for\n愛, but 制する for 制.\n\nNote that some verbs apparently have similar forms actually don't belong this\ntype. For example, 楽する looks like another bird of a feather, but it's actually\na colloquial form of 楽をする which is not one solid word, so it doesn't have *楽す\nversion. The accents are different: らく{LH}する{LH} vs あいする{LHHL}.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T13:56:05.620",
"id": "46878",
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"score": 13
}
]
| 46857 | 46858 | 46878 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7aFrW.jpg)\n\nDoes anyone know how to translate or any method to understand the xfx and / or\nonomatopoeia of the one piece manga? If anyone knows please give me a hand.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-25T21:05:48.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46859",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-03T02:14:13.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"manga",
"onomatopoeia",
"sound-symbolism"
],
"title": "how to translate xfx and / or onomatopoeia of the one piece manga",
"view_count": 3315
} | [
{
"body": "I find [The JADED\nNetwork](http://thejadednetwork.com/sfx/search/?keyword=%E3%82%AC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3&submitSearch=Search+SFX&x=)\nto be a good English glossary for Japanese onomatopoeia and mimetic words.\nNormal Japanese-English dictionaries usually aren't enough to handle the\ndiversity of manga sound effects.\n\nIf you don't find a word in there, try fiddling with long vowels or small \"っ\"s\na bit. In this case, I've shortened ガキイン _Claang_ to ガキン _Clang_ , and found\nit.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-25T21:22:00.400",
"id": "46860",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-25T21:22:00.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "46859",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "It is sound ガキイン, four texts, one by one read as \"ga,ki,i,n\". It sound like\nmeans slash on target. Read it fast, you will know the result of sound given\nby these onomatopoeia. At left side, small ハア、ハア is \"haa\", is a whispering\nsound haa~ haa~, repiration sound, tired sound.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T02:14:13.690",
"id": "52951",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25647",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 46859 | null | 46860 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46862",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Which of the following two versions is correct? Or are both of them incorrect?\n\n> The one who ate all nuts was Squirrel.\n>\n> 木の実を全部に食べたのりすです。\n>\n> 全部な木の実を食べたのりすです。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-25T23:19:04.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46861",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-25T23:47:26.527",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10476",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"attributive"
],
"title": "What is the correct way to use 全部: Adverbially or Attributively?",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "Both, kind of. It's an adverbial noun (noun that can behave like an adverb),\nso you can treat it like you would any other number + counter.\n\nSo your first sentence is almost correct (skip the に):\n\n> 木の実を全部食べたのはりすです。\n\nAlternatively, you can use の instead to use it attributively (but not な):\n\n> 全部の木の実を食べたのはりすです。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-25T23:47:26.527",
"id": "46862",
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"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "46861",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 46861 | 46862 | 46862 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the following sentence:\n\n> 軈{やが}て私がCEOの座を去ったとしても、此のスピリットは我がグループの最も大事な創業の精神として永続化して行かねばなりません.\n\nI recently received a translation of the article containing the sentence above\nwhere 軈{やが}て was originally translated as \"soon\". Precisely:\n\n> **Soon** I will be stepping down from the position of CEO. However [...]\n\nThis made sense, to the extent of my knowledge and according to my\ndictionaries.\n\nHowever, a couple of days later I received a correction where the translator\napologized saying that it should be interpreted as \"One day\" instead:\n\n> **One day** I will be stepping down from the post of CEO. However [...]\n\nNow, in English there is quite a considerable obvious difference between\n\"soon\" and \"one day\". So my question is: are there possible different nuances\nof 軈て or simply it was a political move to avoid rumors or hide what's going\non at the \"higher floors\" of the company?\n\nNote: to give more background, I'm talking of the translation of a speech from\nthe CEO of a large Japanese holdings. The English translation was sent to the\nforeign employees (a large proportion of the total) of a subsidiary of such\ngroup. It is assumed then that many of the recipients could not read the\noriginal Japanese version. Also, the original translator is a Japanese native\nspeaker.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T02:27:04.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46866",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-26T04:19:39.190",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-26T04:08:57.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "14205",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Can 軈{やが}て mean \"one day\" rather than \"soon/before long\"?",
"view_count": 581
} | [
{
"body": "First, 軈て is almost always written in hiragana. I could not read it without\ngoogling.\n\nIn this sentence, やがて only means \"one day\", \"in the end\", \"eventually\", or\n\"somewhere in the future\", \"sooner or later\". It does not mean \"soon\".\n\n * この赤ちゃんも、やがては大人になる。 This baby will eventually become an adult.\n * 人間はやがて死ぬ。 Human beings are mortal.\n\n大辞林 defines this as:\n\n> ③いつとはわからないが，将来においては実現すると予測するさま。事の行き着くところ。結局。 「日々の努力が－実を結ぶ」\n\n* * *\n\nEven in sentences like these, I feel \"eventually\" is closer, although \"before\nlong\" may be usable.\n\n * やがて日が暮れた。\n * やがて二人は愛し合うようになった。\n\nI feel translating やがて as \"soon\" is usually misleading in modern Japanese. In\narchaic Japanese it often meant \"soon\" or even \"instantly\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T04:19:39.190",
"id": "46869",
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}
]
| 46866 | null | 46869 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What's the translation of this sentence? Google doesn't work, is there a\nbetter alternativ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T03:35:09.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46867",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-26T06:52:13.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21893",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Toshi o kattara, unten shimasen",
"view_count": 195
} | [
{
"body": "> Toshi o kattara, unten shimasen\n\n「都市｛とし｝を買｛か｝ったら、運転｛うんてん｝しません」？？？ \n「年｛とし｝を買｛か｝ったら、運転｛うんてん｝しません」？？？\n\nThere may be typo in the sentence.\n\n 1. > Toshi o kuttara, unten shimasen - 「年｛とし｝を食｛く｝ったら、運転｛うんてん｝しません」 \n\n 2. > Toshi o tottara, unten shimasen - 「年｛とし｝を取｛と｝ったら、運転｛うんてん｝しません」\n\nBoth sentences mean the same as: \nIf I age, I'll not drive a car.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T03:53:48.713",
"id": "46868",
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| 46867 | null | 46868 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46872",
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"body": "Why is the word オタク(otaku) written in katakana?\n\nI thought only foreign words are written in katakana. Is this word maybe\nforeign after all? But it is used in Japanese, so I am confused. Please give\nme an answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T05:04:40.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46870",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-26T09:28:56.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "15768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 19,
"tags": [
"katakana"
],
"title": "Why is the word オタク written in katakana?",
"view_count": 6722
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, オタク comes from a Japanese word. From [English\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaku#Etymology):\n\n> Otaku is derived from a Japanese term for another person's house or family\n> (お宅, otaku). This word is often used metaphorically, as an honorific second-\n> person pronoun. In this usage, its literal translation is \"you\". \n> (...) \n> The modern slang form, which is distinguished from the older usage by being\n> written only in hiragana (おたく), katakana (オタク or, less frequently, ヲタク) or\n> rarely in rōmaji, first appeared in public discourse in the 1980s, through\n> the work of humorist and essayist Akio Nakamori.\n\nIn addition to the transliteration of foreign words or writing words that\nwould use rare kanji, katakana is often used to make the reader pay attention\nto some word that would normally be written in another way, creating the word\na new meaning.\n\nAnother example of using katakana is referring to genitals as アレ (\"down\nthere\") or ナニ (\"you know what\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T05:26:14.670",
"id": "46871",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19206",
"parent_id": "46870",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "In this case, katakana is used to indicate オタク is used not in its original\nsense but in its derivative sense. おたく was (and still is) an honorific\nexpression used to refer to someone's family. So オタク was initially chosen to\nindicate you need to pay a special attention for interpreting this word. It's\nsimilar to enclosing a word with double quotes in English. Today オタク has\nbecome a word everyone knows, so it's safe to write it in hiragana, too.\n\nThis pattern is found in many technical terms. For example, のど usually means\n_throat_ in everyday conversations, but ノド in the printing industry refers to\nan [_inner margin_ of a book](http://www.formaxprinting.com/blog/2013/03/book-\nprinting-lingo-what-are-the-margins-of-a-book/).\n\nThere are many other reasons to use katakana instead of hiragana. See:\n\n * [Why are katakana preferred over hiragana or kanji sometimes?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1930/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T05:35:26.693",
"id": "46872",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "46870",
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"score": 35
}
]
| 46870 | 46872 | 46872 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Hello Japanese language admirers. Here is my question.Hope someone will help\nme. I am now learning the grammar form of て+くださいました; て+いただきました; て+やりました. I\nknow that いただきました equal the word RECEIVE, and the other 2 means GIVE, BUT the\nproblem is, I do not understand exactly WHY Japanese use it as a second verb,\nthat is useless in my opinion.\n\nFor example, 私は先生に京都へ連れて行っていただきました WHY here it is used the verb RECEIVE??? The\ntranslation is \"I took my teacher to Kyoto\", so WHAT is the word RECEIVE doing\nin this sentence??????",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-26T11:35:32.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46874",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T07:04:33.997",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "WHY Japanese use ていただきました in the end?",
"view_count": 4723
} | [
{
"body": "> 「私は先生に京都へ連れて行っていただきました」 \n> \"My teacher took me to Kyoto\"\n\nLet's parse the sentence 「私は先生に京都へ連れて行っていただきました」 to make your question clear.\n\nThe given sentence is a past tense, and if you put it into the form of present\ntense it will become 「私は先生に京都へ連れて行っていただきます」.\n\n「私は先生に京都へ連れて行っていただきます」is a polite form of 「私は先生に京都へ連れて行っていただく」.\n\n「私は先生に京都へ連れて行っていただく」=「私は」+「先生に」+「京都へ連れて行って」+「いただく」\n\n「京都へ連れて行って」is a conjugated form from 「京都へ連れて行く」, which means \" A takes B to\nKyoto\". Logically, \"A takes B to kyoto\" could be said \"B receives taking-to-\nkyoto by A\".\n\n「私は」= 「私」+「は」, where 「は」is a topic marker. In the phrase \"B receives taking-\nto-kyoto by A\" B is 「私」.\n\n「先生に」 means \"by the teacher\", so A is 「先生」.\n\n「いただく」 is \"RECEIVE\"\n\nNow you've got all meaningful parts to make a English sentence for the\noriginal Japanese sentence.",
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"body": "Why? It's primarily in order to know who does it to whom. When you express\nthat someone took me somewhere, you have these words.\n\n * 連れて行かれた (passive)\n * 連れて行ってもらった\n\nHowever, the former passive sentence often implies that it's not necessarily\nfavorable to the speaker. So, when you are socially supposed to show your\ngratitude, you need the latter.\n\n(You might think 先生が連れて行った would be enough, but that usually means \"the\nteacher took someone\" instead of \"me\" because Japanese verbs basically cast\nactions outward, except 来る or もらう. Likewise, 先生が私を連れて行った has a problem of\ntwisted view or being abrupt in a context where you are the subject of the\nsentence.)",
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"body": "Why? As other people said, いただきました shows that you (私) received a favor from\nsomeone you respect (or owe respect).\n\nNote that, although に can be used to indicate both the one giving and the one\nreceiving the action, in your example 先生に means (roughly) \"from the teacher\";\nwhereas to say \"I took my teacher to Kyoto\" you would use を:\n\n> 私は先生 **を** 京都へ連れて行って **あげました** 。",
"comment_count": 3,
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"body": "If you do something for someone or someone does something for you, you could\nthink of it as giving (the action) or receiving (the action). There are lot's\nof other words like this:\n\nさしあげる\n\nあげる\n\nやる\n\nくださる\n\nくれる\n\nもらう\n\nいただく\n\netc.\n\nThe people above gave good explanations for the grammar's usage.",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-30T04:34:59.073",
"id": "46956",
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| 46874 | null | 46875 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46880",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm not sure if I've got the right wording in the question, but it comes from\nplaying around with translate.google.com.\n\nI was aware that Japanese and Chinese have similar (if not identical)\ncharacters (I'm a Westerner, so again, I apologise if this is all just wrong).\n\nSo, for a laugh, I entered my name in English and translated it to Chinese.\n\nI then took that Chinese translation and told Google it was Japanese and then\ntranslated it back to English.\n\nSome names were just non-sensical. I also think some of the translations have\nimproved over time.\n\nFor example, my name Richard, is translated to Chinese as 理查德. Treating that\nas Japanese, it becomes Ri-sense back in English.\n\nA couple of years ago, it was management (or middle management - I can't quite\nremember).\n\nI was demonstrating this to my work colleague Joe. Joe didn't do anything as\nthere seems to be no translation of 乔 from Japanese to English.\n\nBut when I tried his full name of Joseph, ... well ... embarrassment all\nround.\n\nIn Chinese, Joseph translates to 约瑟夫. If this was Japanese, translating it to\nEnglish is a quite an offensive word.\n\nIs this a fluke?\n\nAre there any rules about what characters are used?\n\nI suppose one rule is don't get a Chinese tattoo of your name and visit Japan\nif your name is Joseph!",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-26T13:21:23.180",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Are Japanese people aware of the Chinese meanings of Kanji?",
"view_count": 1152
} | [
{
"body": "To native speakers of Japanese, 理查德 and 约瑟夫 mean nothing. To me, they are just\nsome random kanji, most of which are unfamiliar. (Japanese people only use 理\nand 夫.) I don't even know if it's a proper noun, a full sentence, or complete\ngibberish. All I can say is that they are kanji, and may or may not mean\nsomething for Chinese speakers.\n\nI also tried Google Translate to translate \"约瑟夫 as Japanese\" to English, but I\nhave absolutely no idea why they showed this word. You should know Google\nTranslate is not a grammar/spell checker. It almost never complains. Even if\nyou entered complete gibberish, it often shows something that may look\nmeaningful.\n\nAs for the _Chinese_ rule of choosing characters for westerner names, perhaps\nthis question at Chinese Language SE helps:\n\n * [mandarin - How do we choose the correct characters for a westerner name? - Chinese Language Stack Exchange](https://chinese.stackexchange.com/q/242)\n\nRegarding how such names would look to Japanese people, it's very unlikely\nthat such Chinese-Western names happen to mean something in Japanese. Usually\nthey only strike us as unfamiliar characters which are \"presumably Chinese\".",
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| 46876 | 46880 | 46880 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46887",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence is as follows:\n\n私が付けた傷が、少しでも癒えますようにって。\n\nIn hopes that the pain I've caused you will be eased, even if it's only by a\ntiny bit.\n\nOr\n\nLet me heal the wounds that I caused you, even a little.\n\nThe previous sentence was あなたのことを気遣ってると思いこむことで、逃げてるんだよ。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-26T18:46:23.030",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "In the next sentence she wants to heal her wounds herself or she wants them to be healed?",
"view_count": 260
} | [
{
"body": "I'm leaning toward the former. The important thing here is the transitivity of\nthe verb is - we have 癒える and not 癒やす, with the former being intransitive\n(自動詞) and the latter being transitive (他動詞). For some very simplified example\nsentences, you'd see usages like\n\n> 私の傷が癒えます (My wounds will heal)\n\nvs\n\n> 私はあなたの傷を癒やします (I will heal your wounds)\n\nConsequently, the way it's written, it sounds like it's about wounds healing\non their own. At the very least if the author wanted to express the idea that\nthe subject of the sentence was going to heal those wounds, they intentionally\nchose not to.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-26T22:02:08.867",
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| 46882 | 46887 | 46887 |
{
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"body": "Is there any difference at all here?\n\n(I read one of them in a Wikipedia article and the other one in my textbook)",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 標高 and 海抜",
"view_count": 210
} | [
{
"body": "標高 refers specifically to the height above sea level of any point in Japan.\nThis height is measured with the average level of the water in Tokyo Bay as\nzero. There is a stone marker in Nagata-cho, Tokyo, which is 24.39 metres\nabove this level and is used as the national reference point.\n\n海抜 means the height above the average level of the adjacent sea of any point\non the planet.",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-26T20:40:57.737",
"id": "46885",
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"body": "First of all, Graham Healey's answer is accurate and very good.\n\nI am a Japanese. When I hear the two words at the same time I think like:\n\n 1. Apart from the scientific accuracy, usually we don't think about the difference between them and I think they have the same meaning. \n\n 2. Both words have academic nuance. As for the altitude of a certain mountain, we usually say 「山｛やま｝の高｛たか｝さ」 instead of saying neither 「山｛やま｝の標高｛ひょうこう｝」 nor 「山｛やま｝の海抜｛かいばつ｝」. \nTo digress a little, I realized that we rarely say 「山｛やま｝の海抜｛かいばつ｝」 in\ncomparison with 「山｛やま｝の標高｛ひょうこう｝」. \nThe usage of 「富士山｛ふじさん｝の高｛たか｝さ」 and 「富士山｛ふじさん｝の標高｛ひょうこう｝」 are natural, but\n「富士山｛ふじさん｝の海抜｛かいばつ｝」 sounds queer though it might be grammatically correct. \nI thought about why we don't say 「富士山｛ふじさん｝の海抜｛かいばつ｝」, then I found out that\nthe word 海抜｛かいばつ｝ is not commonly used independently but used accompanied with\nthe actual height in a set phrase such as 「富士山｛ふじさん｝は海抜｛かいばつ｝３７７６メートルです」, on\nthe other hand the word 標高｛ひょうこう｝ is used independently and also in a set\nphrase.\n\nIf I arrange them you can say as:\n\n> 富士山｛ふじさん｝の高｛たか｝さは３７７６メートルです。 \n> 富士山｛ふじさん｝の標高｛ひょうこう｝は３７７６メートルです。 \n> 富士山｛ふじさん｝は標高｛ひょうこう｝３７７６メートルです。 \n> 富士山｛ふじさん｝は海抜｛かいばつ｝３７７６メートルです。\n\nAnd, You can't say as:\n\n> 富士山｛ふじさん｝の海抜｛かいばつ｝は３７７６メートルです。\n\n 3. Even if both words have the nearly same meaning of the height above sea level, I imagine \"the height\" strongly from the word 標高｛ひょうこう｝ because it has \"高\", and I imagine \"sea\" from the word 海抜｛かいばつ｝ because it has \"海\". \n\nSo, I image from the word 標高｛ひょうこう｝ that it points the height of an object\nwhich is in the obvious scenery where I am.\n\nAnd I image from the word 海抜｛かいばつ｝ that I am looking at the object placed in a\npanoramic scenery including the sea.",
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| 46883 | 46885 | 46885 |
{
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"answer_count": 6,
"body": "There are kanji, katakana and hiragana, but is there a native word or phrase\nfor the union of these sets?",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-26T19:55:54.293",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 23,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Is there a term for Japanese characters as a whole?",
"view_count": 2440
} | [
{
"body": "I lived in Japan for a couple years, and I frequently heard (and read) the\nword 字{じ} (same \"ji\" as in \"kanji\") used by native and foreign speakers to\ndescribe hiragana, katakana, and kanji characters.\n\nHowever, after some\n[research](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97-9331), it appears\n文字{もじ} may technically be more correct.",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-26T20:42:09.203",
"id": "46886",
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{
"body": "I believe that maybe what you are looking for is actually\n(日本語の)表記体系{ひょうきたいけい}，that could be translated as \"(Japanese) notation system\".\n\nIn fact, the answer 文字{もじ} that was given before is not incorrect but, in my\nunderstanding, that usually indicates a character (whatever the type) alone\nrather than the union of the sets [hiragana], [katakana], and [kanji]. From\nthe way you ask it seems you are more interested in this second.\n\nActually, if you look at the Japanese version of the Wikipedia page [Japanese\nWriting System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system), you\nwill see that it is indeed\n[日本語の表記体系](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB).\nSo this also makes me believe that this is the closest thing to what you are\nlooking for.\n\nFor completeness, let me quote Wikipedia below:\n\n> 日本語の表記体系（にほんごのひょうきたいけい）では、日本語の文章等を文字によって表記するための系統的な方法について解説する。\n\nAlso, if you look at the column on the right you will notice the first entry:\n\n> **類型 :** 表語文字（漢字）と音節文字（平仮名と片仮名）の **併用**\n\nwhich basically describes the pattern of this system as \"the joint use of\nkanji and syllabic characters\".\n\nPs. I found also another\n[source](http://user.keio.ac.jp/~rhotta/hellog/2016-01-15-1.html) where also\nthe following words come up:\n\n「文字体系{もじたいけい}」-「書記体系{しょきたいけい}（書記法{しょきほう}）」-「表記体系（表記法{ひょうきほう}）」。\n\nNot sure exactly what is the difference (notation system and writing system),\nbut we're probably talking about the same thing. Anyway regarding your answer\nI would stick with what I said above and the Wikipedia reference.\n\nEDIT: In view of the answer by Broccoli Forest and the comments by Naruto\nbelow, it's better I make clear that it seems that what I have been talking\nabout above refers to the writing system as a whole, hence it includes things\nlike (quote) \"Japanese sentence can be written vertically,\" etc. In view of\nthis, if you are interested only in a union of characters it seems that **the\ncorrect answer is that there is no word that describes such union** (of\ncharacters only). The closest thing could be 日本語の文字 as stated in the comments\nas well.\n\nIf you were interested to know about the whole writing system in general, my\nanswer probably still holds.",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-26T23:52:26.403",
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"body": "Unfortunately no word exactly represents only the union of kanji, hiragana and\nkatakana.\n\n * 漢字: kanji\n * 仮名: kana; hiragana & katakana\n * 字／文字: kanji, kana, punctuation, other written symbols\n * 和字／和文: _(typography term)_ kanji, kana, punctuation, fullwidth Latin letters etc. used in Japanese typesetting (as opposed to 欧文, or ordinary Latin typesetting symbols)\n\nI tend to agree that it'd be convenient if we had an exact blanket term of\nkanji and kana, but they are too heterogeneous (logogram and syllabary) to be\nlumped together by nature, especially in relation to other writing symbols\nused at the same time. That said, 日本語の文字 would convey your intended meaning in\nmost of the time.\n\n**PS** The obviously correct way to refer to them is 漢字と仮名.",
"comment_count": 10,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-27T04:13:57.280",
"id": "46890",
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{
"body": "> What is a native word or phrase for the union of kanji, katakana and\n> hiragana?\n\n**表記｛ひょうき｝文字｛もじ｝** is a close word for your request.\n\nI said \"close\" not \"exact\", because 表記｛ひょうき｝文字｛もじ｝ includes not only kanji,\nkatakana and hiragana, but also includes alphabets and even 絵文字｛えもじ｝ which\nmeans emoticons.\n\nIf you want to study further,\n[日本語の表記体系](http:///%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB)\nin Tommy's answer is the best.\n\nIn order to help you use the word 表記｛ひょうき｝文字｛もじ｝ properly, I will give you\nsome information.\n\n 1. Originally the word 表記｛ひょうき｝文字｛もじ｝ does not have the direct relation to kanji, katakana and hiragana, so you have to particularly say 日本語｛にほんご｝の表記｛ひょうき｝文字｛もじ｝ to refer these character sets.\n 2. Though the word 表記｛ひょうき｝ is a relatively, not very, common Japanese word used such as 「表記｛ひょうき｝する」 meaning \"to describe\", the word 表記｛ひょうき｝文字｛もじ｝ rather belongs to technical terms, so you are better not to use it in your conversation. Even Japanese do not use it in their conversation. If we hear the sound \"hyohki-moji\" abruptly, we could not image those character sets.\n 3. Then, how do you say to others? \n-「ひらがなで書｛か｝いてください」, 「ひらがなだけで書｛か｝いてください」 or 「全部｛ぜんぶ｝ひらがなで書｛か｝いてください」 \n-「カタカナで書｛か｝いてください」, 「カタカナだけで書｛か｝いてください」 or 「全部｛ぜんぶ｝カタカナで書｛か｝いてください」 \n-「読｛よ｝めますので、漢字｛かんじ｝を使｛つか｝って書｛か｝いてください。」 or 「読｛よ｝めますので、漢字｛かんじ｝を入｛い｝れて書｛か｝いてください。」 Don't say 「漢字｛かんじ｝仮名｛かな｝交｛ま｝じり文｛ぶん｝で書｛か｝いてください。」because it is too technical.",
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"body": "I think 字 is sufficient to cover 漢字、平仮名、and 片仮名。 When we say \"彼は字が書けない、(読めない）-\nHe cannnot write and read,\" we are not specifying which of three styles of\nJapanese letter.\n\n\"彼は字が読めない\" also means he is illiterate. We don't deliberately say\n彼は\"文字\"が書けない(読めない)。",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-27T22:25:23.923",
"id": "46907",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Also, you're asking for the Japanese term, so this is slightly off topic, but\nin English, Japan's writing system encompassing hiragana, katakana, and kanji,\nis termed a \"syllabary\" rather than an alphabet.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T16:48:25.980",
"id": "47067",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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| 46884 | 46890 | 46890 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was given the following cloze passage with 9 questions. Blanks 3, 6, 7 and 8\nhave _[requirements in brackets]_ that must be followed when answering. I have\nfilled in my **own answers in bold**.\n\nWhile all other blanks were marked correct, I was marked as incorrect for\nblank 3. **Is いつ a valid answer? Why or why not?**\n\n* * *\n\n僕の名前は宇良和輝。１７歳で、仕事は **(1) 日本の大切な文化を守る人の** 一つとして有名な相撲。 **(2)上手になる** ために **(3)\nいつ** _[Wh-Question]_ も一生懸命に頑張っています。毎日 **(4) 練習して** ばかりで疲れてしまいますが、 **(5)睡眠** さえ\n**取れ** ば、すぐ元気になります。怖い先輩もいて、 **(6)しかられ** _[Passive]_ たり、 **(7)お茶をいれさせられ**\n_[Causative-Passive]_ たりして、いやになるときもありますが、新しい友達もでき、一緒に **(8)助け** _[to help]_\n合っています。大変ですが、相撲の **(9)大変さ** はやった人にしかわからないと思います。僕はがんばりますよ、横綱になるまでは。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T05:50:07.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46892",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-20T13:06:35.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "(Sumo cloze passage) What in tarnation was I supposed to put in this blank?",
"view_count": 474
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, I do believe いつ there is _a_ correct/valid answer. いつ meaning a WH-\nQuestion for \"when\" would fit here as in いつも (always)\n\nPerhaps however, this was not the expected answer. Perhaps it was 「だれ」meaning\nhere everyone is doing their best.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-05T19:23:22.063",
"id": "54969",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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| 46892 | null | 54969 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46895",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So, there's this sentence:\n\n> 弟のもっといいお手本になりなさい！\n\nAnd the translation given is:\n\n> Set a better example for your brother!\n\nBut I simply cannot understand why it is composed like that.\n\nSpecifically:\n\n * Why is there の in there? Isn't it expresses possession or relation? \n * Why is there に at the end? I'd think that に should be precisely where there is の currently. Although, the only way I can see it could work is \"you should become better example\" so the に there. Doesn't explain の, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T06:16:43.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46893",
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"owner_user_id": "9990",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Usage of の and に in 弟のもっといいお手本になりなさい！",
"view_count": 144
} | [
{
"body": "手本 is a copybook, so the sentence is literally composed of\n\n> * 弟 Little brother\n> * の possessive particle (↑Little brother **'s** )\n> * もっといい more good (better)\n> * お (honorific prefix)\n> * 手本 copybook\n> * に into\n> * なりなさい！ please become! (なる + なさる in imperative form)\n>\n\nお手本 is usually used figuratively to mean an example or a role model.\n\n> Why is there に at the end? I'd think that に should be precisely where there\n> is の currently.\n\nに means that the one this command is directed at should \"become a copybook\",\nas in to set an example. I can't think of a word that would fit in the place\nof お手本 so that に could be used in place of の.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T06:40:39.817",
"id": "46894",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-27T06:40:39.817",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19206",
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{
"body": "I think you might be misled by the non perfectly literal translation.\n\nOk, so let's try to break down the sentence.\n\nSince the ~なさい indicates an imperative (some sort of order or exhortation to o\nsomething), we can safely assume that the subject here is the listener so\nthere would be an implied \"あなたは\" before 弟の...\n\nThis might help to clarify the の a little bit. In fact, it's just the usual\npossessive particle: (you) become your brother**'s** better example = a better\nexample for your brother.\n\nに here is just the particle that is used when a change, expressed through the\nverb なる, (in this case conjugated as なりなさい) happens. In particular, \"change\ninto something\" (in this particular case there is に because 手本 is a noun)\n\nYou can look up about に + なる\n[here](http://maggiesensei.com/2010/12/10/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B-vs-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%80%80-to-\nnaru-vs-ni-naru/) for example.\n\nSo, to sum it up, there is really nothing fancy about either of the particles\nin this sentence. This should be clear if you try to translate the sentence\nliterally and you consider as I mentioned before that there is an implied\nsubject in the beginning:\n\n> (あなたは)弟のもっといいお手本になりなさい\n\nTo break it down further ask yourself the following:\n\n 1. Who's the subject? あなたは\n 2. What is the action? An order to become a something (...になりなさい)\n 3. What's that something? もっといいお手本.\n 4. To whom is that related? To the subject's younger brother \n 5. How? As possession: 弟の\n\nAll together: (you) become your brother's better example.\n\nThat in English renders much better as: become a better example for your\nbrother.\n\nI think the confusion here is in that this sentence is asking you to become\nactually \"a better example\" as that's a thing. What I'm saying as that\nprobably you are focusing on that \"for\" rather than a possessive \"'s\".\n\nPS: also more on なる [here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/surunaru.html).",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T06:45:01.103",
"id": "46895",
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}
]
| 46893 | 46895 | 46895 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am familiar with the use of より in making comparisons. However, the use of より\nin this following context certainly does not mean \"than\" and so I would gladly\nappreciate if someone can help me provide a clarification of why より is used in\nthis case.\n\n> 同僚や上司との関係を築くことは日本語の力より必要です。\n\nBasically, this sentence is trying to say that having the ability to speak\nJapanese is essential in building relationship with co-workers.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T13:11:01.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46898",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-27T14:05:40.693",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-27T14:02:29.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "21922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does より means in this context?",
"view_count": 452
} | [
{
"body": "This より _is_ for making a comparison between 同僚や上司との関係を築くこと and 日本語の力.\n\n> 同僚や上司との関係を築くことは日本語の力より必要です。 \n> Building relationships with your colleagues and superiors is more necessary\n> than your Japanese skill.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T14:05:40.693",
"id": "46900",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 4
}
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| 46898 | null | 46900 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In the Genki I textbook, they seem to reference the present perfect tense\nthree times, but each with a different grammar. Here they are, with book-style\nEnglish translations:\n\n> 日本に行っています。(Ch 7, 〜ている form) \n> _I have gone to Japan._\n>\n> 日本にもう行きました。(Ch 9, simple past form with もう) \n> _I have already gone to Japan._\n>\n> 日本に行ったことがあります。(Ch 11, 〜ことがある form) \n> _I have had the experience of going to Japan._\n\nI'm not really sure about the semantic and grammatical differences between the\nthree, even in English (although the translations may be imperfect). How can I\nunderstand them in relation to each other?\n\nAlso, does it ever make sense to combine the forms? Like,\n\n> 日本に **もう** 行っています。 \n> _I have **already** gone to Japan (?)_\n>\n> 日本に **もう** 行ったことがあります。 \n> _I have **already** had the experience of going to Japan (?)_",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T15:29:52.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46901",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T07:10:45.217",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-27T15:52:01.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "12216",
"owner_user_id": "12216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "Present Perfect in Genki I",
"view_count": 1511
} | [
{
"body": "> 日本に行っています。(Ch 7, 〜ている form) \n> I have gone to Japan.\n\nている form indicates an action in progress or something that persists. So when\nreading this sentence, you would say \"I am going to Japan and I'm still\nthere.\" (i.e. you went to Japan and you're still in the state of being there).\nAnother example would be using the verb 住む（すむ）\"To live\" 日本に住んでいます。 I am living\n(the action persists from the past until now) in Japan.\n\n> 日本にもう行きました。(Ch 9, simple past form with もう) I have already gone to Japan.\n\nYour interpretation of this is already correct. However, this sentence is just\nkind of stating a fact with no extra meaning. \"Already went to Japan.\"\n\n> 日本に行ったことがあります。(Ch 11, 〜ことがある form) I have had the experience of going to\n> Japan.\n\nThis one however conveys the meaning that you have the experience of doing\nsomething rather than just plainly stating a fact of something that happened\nin the past.\n\nAs for:\n\n> 日本にもう行っています。 I have already gone to Japan (?)\n>\n> 日本にもう行ったことがあります。 I have already had the experience of going to Japan (?)\n\nI don't think the first one makes sense at all. \"I am going to Japan and I am\nstill there already.\" As for the second one, I think it could work and does\nmake sense. I'm no expert though.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T22:58:37.173",
"id": "46908",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-27T23:09:14.240",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-27T23:09:14.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "21931",
"owner_user_id": "21931",
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},
{
"body": "> 日本に行っています。(Ch 7, 〜ている form) I have gone to Japan. Blockquote\n\nThis implies that you are currently still in Japan. Otherwise, when you leave\nJapan then you would say, 日本に行きました。\n\n> 日本にもう行きました。(Ch 9, simple past form with もう) I have already gone to Japan.\n\nThis sentence implies the person you are talking to doesn't know you've\nalready been to Japan. Like maybe you are doing a tour of Asian countries and\nyou check off Japan, and say, 日本にもう行きました。\n\n> 日本に行ったことがあります。(Ch 11, 〜ことがある form) I have had the experience of going to\n> Japan.\n\nA better translation would be \"I have ever been to Japan.\" Also it would\ndepend on the context of the conversation, but this would most likely be an\nanswer to the question, \"have you ever been to Japan?\"\n\n> 日本にもう行っています。 I have already gone to Japan (?)\n\nI would translate this as \"I have already gone to Japan and I'm still here\".\n～ています implies the action is ongoing.\n\n> 日本にもう行ったことがあります。 I have already had the experience of going to Japan (?)\n\nIn English, I would say this as, \"I have already been to Japan (before)\". It\nwould also depend on the conversation you are having. For example, someone\nmight tell you, \"oh, you should go to Japan.\" At which point you would reply,\n\"oh, I have already been to Japan.\" In Japanese you would say,\n\"日本はもう行ったことがあります。\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T13:56:35.917",
"id": "46915",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-28T13:56:35.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21938",
"parent_id": "46901",
"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "> 日本に行っています。 \n> I have gone to Japan.\n\nWe don't use this phrase in Japanese. I don't think it corresponds with the\nEnglish translation, which may be translated into\n\n> 日本に行きました。\n\nNow there is a big contradiction in this English phrase. \nIf you have gone to Japan, you are not here. But you said to me \"I have gone\nto Japan.\" Then, where are you now and whom are you talking to?\n\nAs a natural Japanese phrase relating to the first one, you can say\n\n> 彼｛かれ｝/彼女｛かのじょ｝は日本に行きました。だから彼｛かれ｝/彼女｛かのじょ｝はここにはいません。 \n> He/She has gone to Japan. So, he/she is not here.\n\nIf I hear the phrase \"日本に行っています\", I image like that you are on a plane flying\nto Japan. In this case we say \"日本に向｛む｝かっています- We are heading for Japan\"\ninstead.\n\n* * *\n\n> 日本に **もう** 行きました。\n\nThough this sentence has the same contradiction as that of the first one, it\nis natural as Japanese. \nYou can also say it as \" **もう** 日本に行きました\" with the same meaning.\n\n* * *\n\n> 日本に行ったことがあります。 \n> I have had the experience of going to Japan.\n\nThe third Japanese sentence has no problem at all. \nIt could be translated as \"I have been to Japan\", right?\n\n* * *\n\n> 日本にもう行っています。 I have already gone to Japan (?) \n> 日本にもう行ったことがあります。 I have already had the experience of going to Japan (?)\n\nAs you think the former Japanese doesn't make sense, because it has the same\nproblem as that of the first sentence. \nThe latter sentence is a good Japanese.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T07:10:45.217",
"id": "46929",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T07:10:45.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
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}
]
| 46901 | null | 46929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46911",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On my local radio station baseball games translations take the most of the\nbroadcast slots. Commentators speak very fast and the only thing I can\ndifferentiate is なりました. なりました is repeated literally every two seconds. What\ncould possibly \"become\" or \"change state\" so often? What is possibly said in\nfront of なりました?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T17:42:01.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46903",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T11:40:41.090",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T18:03:15.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "3371",
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"pragmatics",
"semantics",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "How to interpret なりました at a baseball game radio broadcast?",
"view_count": 262
} | [
{
"body": "> ...に、なりました。 ...に、なりました。 ...に、なりました。 ...に、なりました。\n\nThis is a fresh discovery that I have not ever thought it to be questionable\nas a Japanese at all.\n\nYou could not hear the same phrase on TV broadcast, right?\n\n「になりました」 is used to convey every happening event to the listeners who are not\nwatching it.\n\nThe reporter could say \"ただいま午後｛ごご｝３時｛じ｝２４分｛ぷん｝１０秒｛びょう｝ **になりました** 。１１秒｛びょう｝\n**になりました** 。１２秒｛びょう｝ **になりました** 。....\" on every second for ever.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T04:17:44.930",
"id": "46911",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T11:40:41.090",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-01T11:40:41.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "46903",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 46903 | 46911 | 46911 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46905",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8ciJJ.png)\n\n「おイイ？？？じた炊けてる。」と書いていますが、一つ漢字をなんかよみにくいです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T20:29:52.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46904",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-28T08:20:08.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9976",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Can't recognise kanji from image",
"view_count": 190
} | [
{
"body": "「お、イイ感じに炊けてる」ではないですか。Not sure about the meaning, though...",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-27T20:39:03.097",
"id": "46905",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-27T20:39:03.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19686",
"parent_id": "46904",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 46904 | 46905 | 46905 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46910",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The use of より/のほうが for comparisons seems straightforward when comparing like\nwith like (e.g. \"私の方が彼より英語が上手く話せる\"). But I have trouble finding a non-clumsy\nway to express more complex comparisons, e.g. constructing as phrase like \"a\nperson who speaks English better than I speak Japanese\".\n\nWhat are some natural ways of expressing this kind of comparison, where we're\nnot directly comparing the same quality/attribute between the two sides?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T03:18:13.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46909",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-28T04:40:21.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "More complex comparisons with より",
"view_count": 680
} | [
{
"body": "より can take a subordinate clause, just as in English \"than\" can take a\nsubordinate clause. So literal translations would be:\n\n> 私が日本語を話すより彼は英語が上手く話せる。 \n> 私が日本語を話すより彼の方が英語が上手く話せる。 \n> 彼の方が私が日本語を話すより英語が上手く話せる。 \n> He speaks English better than I speak Japanese.\n\nThe third one is nested and may seem complicated, but is closer to your\noriginal sentence.\n\nOr using a relative clause, this becomes:\n\n> 私が日本語を話すより英語が上手く話せる人 \n> a person who speaks English better than I speak Japanese\n\nIn the above examples, 英語 **が** 話せる and 英語 **を** 話せる [are basically\ninterchangeable](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/609/5010).\n\nBut I'd suggest you rephrase it and say the same thing more simply:\n\n> 彼の英語の方が私の日本語より上手い。 \n> 私の日本語より彼の英語は上手い。 \n> His English is better than my Japanese.\n>\n> 私の日本語より英語が上手い人 \n> a person whose English is better than my Japanese",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T03:44:04.540",
"id": "46910",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-28T04:40:21.767",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-28T04:40:21.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "46909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 46909 | 46910 | 46910 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46917",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I learnt that the negative form of い-adjective is: remove the trailing い, then\nadd くない. Example: 赤い→赤くない\n\nHowever, I've been watching Japanese livestream and following her twitter.\nSometimes, she omit the く in negative form of い-adjective. Example: [from her\nTwitter post](https://twitter.com/niboko_niconico/status/857865239144013824)\n\n> キャベツ **美味しない** 。千切りの方が好き\n\nIn her livestream, she also sometimes said やばない instead of やばくない, and 酷ない\ninstead of 酷くない.\n\nThat makes me wonder if this is somewhat common in Japan (perhaps dialect?),\nor just her habit. If it matters, she's from Kumamoto.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T09:23:27.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46913",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-28T15:32:13.567",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"dialects",
"negation",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Omission of く in negative form of い-adjective",
"view_count": 441
} | [
{
"body": "\"やばない？\" instead of \"やばくない？\" is kind of slang (of slang) which some young\npeople use. But I don't often see this omitting \"く\" with other adjectives. The\nexample \"キャベツ美味しない。\" doesn't make sense to me, so I think it's her mistake or\njust her habit.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T11:12:21.147",
"id": "46914",
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{
"body": "> 赤｛あか｝くない ー 赤｛あか｝ない ー not red \n> 美味｛おい｝しくない ー 美味｛おい｝しない ー not delicious\n\nI often heard like the sound in Kansai.\n\nThey don't pronounce them as \"aka-nai\" and \"oishi-nai\", but pronounce them\nlike \"aka-a-nai\" and \"oishi-i-nai\" or \"aka:nai\" and \"oishi:nai\".\n\nwhere \":\" means to sound the vowel long\n\nAs the samples show, they pronounce them by omitting \"く\" and adding the same\nvowel or sounding the vowel long just before the く in the formal forms.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T14:45:33.607",
"id": "46916",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-28T16:32:08.863",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-28T16:32:08.863",
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{
"body": "There are at least three types of omission of く, which should be\ndistinguished.\n\nThe \"traditional western\" euphoric change is called ウ音便 and is described in\n[this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24217/5010), [this\none](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42890/5010) and a chart in [this\npage](http://www.akenotsuki.com/kyookotoba/bumpoo/keiyooshi.html). `ku`\nbecomes `(y)u`, etc. This sounds old-fashioned and elegant. While this is\ncommonly heard in samurai dramas, only a few courteous elder people use this\ntoday.\n\n> * おいしくない → おいしゅうない\n> * くるしくない → くるしゅうない\n>\n\nIn the (modern) Kansai dialect, instead of saying `ku`, the vowel right before\n`k` will be elongated:\n\n> * おいしくない → おいしいない\n> * くるしくない → くるしいない\n> * あつくない → あつうない\n> * からくない → からあない\n> * くろくない → くろうない (kuronai)\n>\n\nThe \"recent slangy\" version is different from these. This pattern is typically\nfound on Twitter and such and look like this:\n\n> * おいしくない？ → おいしない？\n> * やばくない？ → やばない？\n> * ひどくない？ → ひどない？\n>\n\nIt's similar to the Kansai dialect, but no elongated vowel is employed. And I\ndoubt this pattern is dialectal; I often see young people living in Kanto say\nthings like these. I believe this is a very new phenomenon (it suddenly\nemerged in the last 5 years or so) among young people, and AFAIK this is\nmainly used as a question sentence: \"Isn't it ～～?\" I am in my thirties and I'm\nperhaps already too old to use this naturally :D\n\nAs for 美味しない in the tweet in question, the user is not a Kansai dialect\nspeaker. So it's not archaic elegant 美味しゅうない, nor typical Kansai 美味しいない, but\nrecent slangy 美味しない. I think most young people who say these are doing so more\nor less playfully, knowing it's not standard. For now I don't think this will\nbe part of the formal Japanese grammar in the future.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T17:01:59.807",
"id": "46917",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-28T17:08:00.220",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-28T17:08:00.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 10
}
]
| 46913 | 46917 | 46917 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46927",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm doing an exercise where I need to complete a sentence, I got this sentence\n\n> 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に..............たくありません\n\nis :\n\n> 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒にもう話したくありません\n\na correct answer ? I don't know if I understood the sentence correctly but\ndoes the sentence with my answer means \"Because Tanaka is mean, I don't want\nto talk with him anymore\"? At least that's what I aimed with that answer but\nI'm really concerned about the use of `一緒に` in that sentence, I know that\n`一緒に` means \"together\" and is used to modify an action verb as in “do\nsomething together”, but in this sentence `一緒に..............たくありません` it's \"me\"\nwho don't want to do the action with him so why using `一緒に` if someone can\nmake it more clear for me it would be nice.\n\nありがとう :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T21:24:44.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46918",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T05:09:48.770",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Is this a correct answer",
"view_count": 201
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, if two people try to talk to you simultaneously, that's 一緒に話す.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rwMGU.png)\n\nBut if there are only two people chatting, that's also 一緒に話す, although 一緒に is\nredundant.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AlkV0.png)\n\nSo your sentence feels a bit redundant but is not wrong. If you can choose an\narbitrary verb, how about 一緒にいたくありません?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T03:41:24.607",
"id": "46925",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T03:41:24.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "> 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に **もう話し** たくありません\n\nYour answer is nearly correct, but not perfect. If the exercise were not\nconditional, you could say like this with the same meaning \"Because Tanaka is\nmean, I don't want to talk with him anymore\" with using the same words:\n\n> 田中さんはいじわるだから、もう一緒に話したくありません\n\nbut, the following sentence is the correct answer:\n\n> 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に **話し** たくありません\n\nGenerally the ideal answer is the answer that is shown in naruto's answer as\n\n> 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に **い** たくありません\n\nNext,\n\n> ...but I'm really concerned about the use of 一緒に in that sentence, I know\n> that 一緒に means \"together\" and is used to modify an action verb as in “do\n> something together”, but in this sentence 一緒に..............たくありません it's \"me\"\n> who don't want to do the action with him so why using 一緒に...\n\nThe sentence of the exercise\n\n> 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に..............たくありません\n\nis the short form of\n\n> 田中さんはいじわるだから、 **私は田中さんと** 一緒に..............たくありません\n\nIf you omit the conditional clause \"田中さんはいじわるだから\", it becomes as\n\n> 私は田中さんと一緒に..............たくありません\n\nI know you understand the meaning as\n\n> I don't want to do something together with Tanaka.\n\nNow I know you got it.\n\nYou can fill the blank with varous correct answers besides \"話｛はな｝し\" and \"い\",\nlike:\n\n> * 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に「遊｛あそ｝び」たくありません\n> * 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に「泳｛およ｝ぎ」たくありません\n> * 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に「食｛た｝べ」たくありません\n> * 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に「遊｛あそ｝びに行｛い｝き」たくありません\n> * 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に「泳｛およ｝ぎに行｛い｝き」たくありません\n> * 田中さんはいじわるだから、一緒に「食｛た｝べに行｛い｝き」たくありません \n>\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T04:55:44.447",
"id": "46927",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T05:09:48.770",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-29T05:09:48.770",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 46918 | 46927 | 46925 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46923",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I'm slowly trying to read through a light novel and came across this sentence:\n\n襲撃を予定してみたものの、集まったメンツは見事にキワモノばかりの盗賊団だ。\n\nWhat does that キワモノ (kiwamono) mean? None of the dictionaries I've tried seem\nto know the meaning of that word.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T21:48:47.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46919",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T11:37:44.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21932",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does キワモノ mean?",
"view_count": 1455
} | [
{
"body": "I agree that the dictionary definition in JMdict-based dictionaries is a bit\nvague. A noun meaning \"seasonal articles\" or \"temporary\". Anyway, let's try to\nunderstand the word in the context. ~~\n\n> 襲撃を予定してみたものの、集まったメンツは見事に **キワモノ** ばかりの盗賊団だ。 \n> _(I) tried to predict the attack, but the lineup was an utterly **ad hoc**\n> band of thieves._ \n> (not exactly sure who is attacking and who is lining up)\n\nWhy I used the word **ad hoc**?\n\nThe original meaning of 際物{キワモノ} is \"seasonal articles\". It comes form the\nkanji 際 \"occasion\" and 物 \"thing\". The band of thieves was created for this\nparticular raid, and that's why I think you can call it ad hoc.~~\n\nThere was some confusion over why it was written in katakana instead of kanji.\nFor that, refer to this question: [Why are katakana preferred over hiragana or\nkanji sometimes?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1930/why-are-\nkatakana-preferred-over-hiragana-or-kanji-sometimes)\n\n**Edit:** It appears that my interpretation of the word was incorrect, since\nthere are two answers that tell about another meaning for the word that fits\nthis context better. It is much safer to assume that the band of thieves was\ndangerous than that the author of the novel actually goes meta and tells the\nreaders that the band of thieves was a cheap trick that conveniently fit the\nsituation.\n\nThe link about katakana spelling still holds true. The word is written in\nkatakana so that the new slang meaning will be considered by people who\nencounter the word for the first time. When the majority of people understand\nthe new meaning (if ever), the katakana spelling can be dropped and you can\nstart to use the kanji without the risk of being misunderstood.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-28T23:07:23.170",
"id": "46920",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-29T06:30:03.300",
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},
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"body": "キワモノ is a peculiar word, where I can't find a dictionary that uses the term\nthe way the media (news shows, anime, etc.) uses it.\n\n> It refers to \"risky\", \"dangerous\", \"extreme\" things/people.\n\nSo in your example, the people who gathered were all \"dangerous\" people (ie\nthieves). In reference to products, say video games, a game based off of the\nsport jai alai would be considered a キワモノ genre.\n\nIt has been asked several times on [Yahoo as\nwell](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1037503995) by\nnative speakers, so I think this is a confusing word even for them.\n\nI believe this is a word that has changed meanings of recent, probably because\neither people misread the meaning or repurposed the word because it was\nconvenient. The word is likely derived from 際{きわ}どいモノ(者or物).\n[際{きわ}どい](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E9%9A%9B%E3%81%A9%E3%81%84) by itself\nmeans risky or dangerous. So I feel that people assumed it meant that, rather\nthan its original meaning. There are several words like this, where the word\nis commonly misused, even in the media. Examples would be 確信犯{かくしんはん},\n役不足{やくぶそく}, すべからく.\n\nFunny thing is, while I could not find the definition I wanted in\ndictionaries, looking up\n[synonyms](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E)\nbrought up a good definition and similar words.",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T00:36:53.330",
"id": "46921",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T14:22:14.000",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-29T14:22:14.000",
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"owner_user_id": "9508",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "キワ in キワモノ comes from 際どい:\n\n> [際どい](http://jisho.org/word/%E9%9A%9B%E3%81%A9%E3%81%84)\n>\n> 1. very close; close; narrow (e.g. narrow victory); dangerous; risky;\n> hazardous\n> 2. suggestive; bordering on the obscene; risqué; delicate (e.g. question);\n> immoral; questionable; shady\n>\n\nIn this case キワモノ refers to someone who is very questionable, abnormal,\npeculiar or even insane for a thief. For example, a thief weighting 400 lbs, a\nthief who faints at the sight of blood, a thief who uses a guitar instead of a\nknife... These can be called キワモノ.\n\nAccording to dictionaries 際物 in kanji means seasonal/temporary/trendy/non-\nuniversal articles and topics, but I think this meaning is obsolete. キワモノ as a\nslang word is [usually written in\nkatakana](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/46870/5010\\]).",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T02:36:58.517",
"id": "46923",
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"score": 7
},
{
"body": "> キワモノ\n\n**日本語｛にほんご｝**\n\nこの用語｛ようご｝は、まだ日本語｛にほんご｝として定着｛ていちゃく｝していないと思｛おも｝われるが、インターネットで検索｛けんさく｝すると923,000件｛けん｝のヒットがある。カタカナで書｛か｝かれているので「際物｛きわもの｝」と全｛まった｝く同｛おな｝じ意味｛いみ｝で使｛つか｝われているとは思｛おも｝われない。\n因｛ちな｝みに、「際物｛きわもの｝」を[辞書｛じしょ｝](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/58714/meaning/m0u/)で調｛しら｝べると、\n\n１\nある時季｛じき｝のまぎわにだけ売｛う｝れる品物｛しなもの｝。正月｛しょうがつ｝の羽子｛はご｝板｛いた｝、３月｛がつ｝のひな人形｛にんぎょう｝、５月｛がつ｝の鯉｛こい｝のぼりなど。用例｛ようれい｝：「際物｛きわもの｝商｛あきな｝い」 \n２ 一時的｛いちじてき｝な流行｛りゅうこう｝をあてこんで作｛つく｝った商品｛しょうひん｝。 \n３\n演劇｛えんげき｝・映画｛えいが｝・演芸｛えんげい｝・小説｛しょうせつ｝などで、実際｛じっさい｝にあった事件｛じけん｝や流行｛りゅうこう｝をただちに取｛と｝り入｛い｝れて題材｛だいざい｝としたもの。用例｛ようれい｝：「際物｛きわもの｝小説｛しょうせつ｝」\nとある。\n\n不思議｛ふしぎ｝なことに「際物｛きわもの｝」を検索｛けんさく｝すると、97,300件｛けん｝と「キワモノ」のヒット件数｛けんすう｝の１/１０と大変｛たいへん｝少｛すく｝ない。その理由｛りゆう｝は、「際物｛きわもの｝」と漢字｛かんじ｝だけで書｛か｝いたのでは筆者｛ひっしゃ｝が「きわもの」と発音｛はつおん｝される単語｛たんご｝を指｛さ｝していると読者｛どくしゃ｝に理解｛りかい｝されるか疑｛うたが｝わしいしからであり、更｛さら｝に、「きわもの」と正｛ただ｝しく読｛よ｝むのもむずかしいので、「際物｛きわもの｝」の意味｛いみ｝ではあるが敢｛あ｝えてカタカナで「キワモノ」と記載｛きさい｝した例｛れい｝も923,000件｛けん｝の中｛なか｝には多数｛たすう｝含｛ふく｝まれているものと思｛おも｝われる。\n\n「キワモノ」の意味｛いみ｝をインターネットで探｛さが｝して見｛み｝つかったものの中｛なか｝で、「際物｛きわもの｝」で探｛さが｝した意味｛いみ｝と異｛こと｝なるものを挙｛あ｝げると次｛つぎ｝のようになる。\n\n（１）主流｛しゅりゅう｝、王道｛おうどう｝、スタンダード等｛とう｝の対義語｛たいぎご｝に当｛あ｝たり、一歩｛いっぽ｝間違｛まちが｝うと違法｛いほう｝、倒産｛とうさん｝、生産｛せいさん｝中止｛ちゅうし｝などの奈落｛ならく｝に落｛お｝ちる「きわどい路線｛ろせん｝」のこと。これは、失敗｛しっぱい｝すると全｛すべ｝てを失｛うしな｝う危険｛きけん｝が大｛おお｝きいが、ごく少数｛しょうすう｝の中心｛ちゅうしん｝的｛てき｝なファンに受｛う｝け入｛い｝れられるとその分野｛ぶんや｝での独占｛どくせん｝的｛てき｝とも言｛い｝える人気｛にんき｝を得｛う｝ることができる \n（２）内容｛ないよう｝が際｛きわ｝どい、マニアックなもの。 「キワモノ」の同義｛どうぎ｝語｛ご｝は、上級者｛じょうきゅうしゃ｝向｛む｝け ・\n玄人｛くろうと｝向｛む｝け ・ マニア向｛む｝け ・ イロモノ ・ ゲテモノ ・ マニア好｛ごの｝み ・ マニア垂涎｛すいぜん｝ ・ 色物｛いろもの｝ ・\nオタク向｛む｝け \n（３）常人｛じょうじん｝には理解｛りかい｝できないほどの情熱｛じょうねつ｝を持｛も｝ってただひたすら道｛みち｝を極｛きわ｝める達人｛たつじん｝ \n（４）飛｛と｝び抜｛ぬ｝けて変｛か｝わった設定｛せってい｝やストーリーの作品｛さくひん｝ \n（５）「きわどいもの」の略｛りゃく｝のようなもの \n（６）玄人｛くろうと｝\n\n以上｛いじょう｝のようにキワモノには非常｛ひじょう｝にたくさんの意味｛いみ｝があり、しかも使用｛しよう｝頻度｛ひんど｝が「羽子｛はご｝板｛いた｝が5,920,000件｛けん｝」、「ひな人形｛にんぎょう｝20,500,000件｛けん｝」「鯉｛こい｝のぼり31,800,000\n件｛けん｝」などに比｛くら｝べても少｛すく｝ないことからこの単語｛たんご｝の意味｛いみ｝が現｛げん｝時点｛じてん｝で日本語｛にほんご｝においてまだ十分｛じゅうぶん｝には定｛さだ｝まっていないと考｛かんが｝えられる。その上で、今回｛こんかい｝質問｛しつもん｝に挙｛あ｝がっている「キワモノばかりの盗賊団｛とうぞくだん｝」の中｛なか｝で「キワモノ」がどのような意味｛いみ｝で使｛つか｝われたかを推察｛すいさつ｝するにはどうすれば良｛よ｝いのだろうか。\n\n考｛かんが｝えられるのは漢字｛かんじ｝を使｛つか｝っていないので、「キワモノ」が持｛も｝つ音｛おと｝に着目｛ちゃくもく｝するのも一｛ひと｝つの素直｛すなお｝な考｛かんが｝え方｛かた｝であろう。「キワモノ」の持｛も｝つ音｛おと｝を通｛つう｝じて聞｛き｝き手｛て｝に意味｛いみ｝を伝｛つた｝えるには「キワ」と「モノ」に分｛わ｝けて考｛かんが｝えるのが「キワモ」＋「ノ」や「キ」＋「ワモノ」を考｛かんが｝えるより妥当｛だとう｝だと思｛おも｝われる。\n\nさて「キワ」からはどのようなイメージがでるか。「際｛きわ｝」「きわどい」あたりが最初｛さいしょ｝に浮｛う｝かぶ。これらからは、いずれも、「端｛はし｝」「境界｛きょうかい｝」「危｛あぶ｝ない」など、「真｛ま｝っ当｛とう｝う、真｛ま｝ん中｛なか｝、安心｛あんしん｝・安全｛あんぜん｝」とは対極｛たいきょく｝のイメージが浮｛う｝かぶ。\n\n次｛つぎ｝に「モノ」からは「物｛もの｝」と「者｛もの｝」だろう。「キワ」と「モノ」の各々｛おのおの｝からイメージした意味｛いみ｝を組｛く｝み合｛あわ｝せて考｛かんが｝えると、「キワモノ」で検索｛けんさく｝できた（１）～（６）の意味｛いみ｝がどれも当｛あ｝て嵌｛は｝まりそうである。\n作者｛さくしゃ｝と読者｛どくしゃ｝との間｛あいだ｝には作品｛さくひん｝で使｛つか｝わている単語｛たんご｝の意味｛いみ｝の解釈｛かいしゃく｝に関｛かん｝して契約｛けいやく｝がなく、しかも、今回｛こんかい｝のように単語｛たんご｝の意味｛いみ｝が十分｛じゅうぶん｝に確立｛かくりつ｝していない場合｛ばあい｝、作者｛さくしゃ｝が（１）～（６）の全体｛ぜんたい｝が醸｛かも｝し出｛だ｝す意味｛いみ｝が伝｛つた｝わればよいと考｛かんが｝えたと推察｛すいさつ｝しても妥当｛だとう｝であろう。作者｛さくしゃ｝がもしそのようなある種｛しゅ｝いい加減｛かげん｝な意味｛いみ｝の伝達｛でんたつ｝が嫌｛いや｝なら、意味｛いみ｝がもっと明確｛めいかく｝に確立｛かくりつ｝している言葉｛ことば｝を使｛つか｝ったであろう。\n\n「キワモノ」が（１）～（６）の混合物｛こんごうぶつ｝として考｛かんが｝えてよいとなると、私｛わたし｝には、「普通｛ふつう｝の人｛ひと｝の対極｛たいきょく｝にあるような人物像｛じんぶつぞう｝」がイメージできる。ここで私｛わたし｝はふと「極道｛ごくどう｝」という言葉｛ことば｝が頭｛あたま｝に浮｛う｝かんだ。「堅気｛かたぎ｝」と「極道｛ごくどう｝」の対比｛たいひ｝である。\n\n「キワモノばかりの盗賊団｛とうぞくだん｝」というフレーズを書｛か｝いた人｛ひと｝がこれから私｛わたし｝が述｛の｝べることを考｛かんが｝えて「キワモノ」という言葉｛ことば｝を使｛つか｝ったはずもないが、こんな解釈｛かいしゃく｝があると「キワモノ」にも箔｛はく｝が付｛つ｝くのではと思｛おも｝い私｛わたし｝のとりとめもない考｛かんが｝えをここに披露｛ひろう｝する。\n\n結論｛けつろん｝として、「キワモノ」は「極道｛ごくどう｝の世界｛せかい｝の者｛もの｝」あるいは「極悪｛ごくあく｝な者｛もの｝」を指｛さ｝すもので、歌舞伎｛かぶき｝用語｛ようご｝に模｛も｝したのだと推察｛すいさつ｝する。\n\n歌舞伎｛かぶき｝の用語｛ようご｝で芝居｛しばい｝の内容｛ないよう｝をジャンル分｛わ｝けするときに、「〇〇をテーマにしたジャンル」のことを「〇〇\n物｛もの｝」と呼｛よ｝んでいる。\n実際｛じっさい｝に、時代｛じだい｝物｛もの｝、御家｛ごけ｝物｛もの｝、石橋｛しゃっきょう｝物｛もの｝、白波｛しらなみ｝物｛もの｝、世話｛せわ｝物｛もの｝、松羽目｛まつばめ｝物｛もの｝、丸本｛まるほん｝物｛もの｝などの用語｛ようご｝がある。因｛ちな｝みに「キワ物｛もの｝」は無｛な｝い。\n\nキワモノのキワは「際」ではなく、極道｛ごくどう｝の「極｛ごく｝」であり、キワという読｛よ｝みはその訓｛くん｝読｛よ｝である「極｛きわ｝み」の語幹｛ごかん｝である。キワモノ全体｛ぜんたい｝で「極道｛ごくどう｝の世界｛せかい｝を扱｛あつか｝った芝居｛しばい｝」のことを指｛さ｝しており、また、その世界では、その世界｛せかい｝に住む男｛おとこ｝たちも「極者｛きわもの｝」と呼｛よ｝ぶことは許されるであろう。\n\n「キワモノばかりの盗賊団｛とうぞくだん｝」というフレーズを使｛つか｝った作者｛さくしゃ｝の理解｛りかい｝はどうか分｛わ｝からないが、この単語｛たんご｝の響｛ひび｝きから類推｛るいすい｝できる「極道｛ごくどう｝の世界｛せかい｝の者｛もの｝」あるいは「極悪｛ごくあく｝な者｛もの｝」という意味｛いみ｝合｛あ｝いで、カタカナの「キワモノ」をイメージして理解｛りかい｝した人｛ひと｝が私｛わたし｝以外｛いがい｝にいても不思議｛ふしぎ｝ではないような気｛き｝がする。\n\n**English**\n\nI have a will to post the English translation as soon as possible.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T13:58:34.990",
"id": "46965",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T11:37:44.707",
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"parent_id": "46919",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 46919 | 46923 | 46923 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46924",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Now, I've never met a Japanese person who's gotten hammered, much less\ncreepily observed their speaking patterns. Thus, I must ask: are there any\ncommon or noteworthy changes in how people speak while they're drunk?\n\nIn English we don't really get much, just slurring and rudeness; but Japanese\nis littered with context rules, politeness rules, etc. you know, the kind of\nthings that would assume some degree of spacial or contextual awareness. Thus,\nI'm just curious if anything emerges when a boy/girl speaks while moderately\ninebriated, not to far gone, but by no means sober.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T02:32:41.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46922",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Any common, noteworthy changes in speech when a 日本人 is totally wasted?",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "Most real people just get cheerful and talkative when drunk. At izakaya people\nstill naturally use basic keigo. Depending on the situation people can choose\nto use a bit less polite (and thus more friendly) word choice. But probably\nthis is an almost universal tendency. I can't think of a noteworthy change\nunique to the Japanese language.\n\nWhen too drunk, speech can become very slurred and impolite; for example see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23543/5010) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/46413/5010). At nightlife\ndistricts you might occasionally see a drunkard who speaks very rudely to a\npolice officer. Such a person is called\n[酒癖が悪い人](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%85%92%E7%99%96).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T03:24:21.273",
"id": "46924",
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"parent_id": "46922",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 46922 | 46924 | 46924 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was reading a political news when I came across this phrase 「一強・安倍政権」 My\nguess is that this is meant to say the Abe administration is \"strong\" (has\nstrong support from the people, can withstand many scandals unlike previous\ngovernments in recent memory that changed prime minister every year, etc).\nAlso, why in parenthesis 「」?\n\nFor context, here is the first paragraph:\n\n東日本大震災の被害を巡り、「東北でよかった」などの失言をした今村復興大臣は26日午前、正式に辞任しました。「一強・安倍政権」への影響は計り知れません。去年の内閣改造以降、閣僚の辞任は初めてで、この間、岩手県の豪雨災害の視察でおんぶされた務台元内閣府政務官や女性問題が発覚した中川前経済産業政務官が相次いで辞任するなど、安倍政権の緩みに歯止めが掛かりません。\n\nsource: <http://news.tv-asahi.co.jp/news_politics/articles/000099429.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T04:19:17.190",
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"id": "46926",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-29T12:51:24.743",
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"owner_user_id": "4295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"symbols"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of「一強・安倍政権」?",
"view_count": 1496
} | [
{
"body": "「東北でよかった」is a normal usage as quotation marks of a conversational phrase. \nOn the other hand, 「一強・安倍政権」 is used to emphasize a new born and famous\nwording.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T05:32:11.120",
"id": "46928",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T05:32:11.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "`number + 強【きょう】` is a way of saying \"top ～\", \"final ～ (in a tournament)\",\n\"Big ～\".\n\n * 4強入りを果たす to become one of the semifinalists\n * 自動車業界の三強【さんきょう】 Big Three in the automotive industry\n\nSo 一強 here refers to the fact that 安倍政権 (and 自民党) is [nearly unopposed\nrecently](http://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/yoron/political/2017.html).\n\nThe brackets are used merely to help people parse this sentence easily and to\nadd an mild emphasis. No sarcasm is intended. Japanese people tend to use\nbrackets very loosely, so you don't have to worry about this too much.\n\n * [「」 don't seem to be 'quotation marks' in news article titles, what do they mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29341/5010)\n * [Do Japanese people use quotation marks for emphasis?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21274/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T11:42:36.670",
"id": "46934",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T12:15:58.857",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-29T12:15:58.857",
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{
"body": "Corner brackets (「」) work just like quotation marks in English, as [what WP\nsays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark#In_English):\n\n> * Quotation or direct speech: Carol said \"Go ahead\" when I asked her if\n> the launcher was ready.\n> * Mention in another work of a title of a short or subsidiary work, like a\n> chapter or episode: \"Encounter at Farpoint\" was the pilot episode of Star\n> Trek: The Next Generation.\n> * Scare quotes used to mean \"so-called\" or to express irony: The \"fresh\"\n> apples were full of worms.\n>\n\nAnd the brackets in question mean \"so-called\" here.\n\n一強 or generally `[number] 強` means \"the strongest X\", \"top X\", \"big X\" and\nsuch things. I've usually only ever seen _1_ to _10_ filled in `[number]` (but\nthere are also examples of _16_ , _32_ , _64_ for \"final X teams\" in\ntournament matches [thanks to @naruto]). In this sense, the expression 一強\nmight be felt redundant, but its nuance is that there used to be more\ncompetitors but only this one is sitting dominant at the current time, in\nother words, \"sole winner\".\n\nThe interpunct (・) here stands for apposition, so 一強・安倍政権 overall means \"Abe\nregime, (as) the sole winner\".",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T11:54:48.403",
"id": "46935",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T12:26:45.737",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-29T12:26:45.737",
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}
]
| 46926 | null | 46934 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46936",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just noticed this line in the System Preferences app on OS X:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VBhgt.png)\n\nIt says\n\n> 変更するにはカギをクリックします。\n>\n> Click the lock to make changes\n\nHere, に is put after a verb's plain form. I have never seen this kind of usage\nbefore. As far as I know, に is a 格助詞. And 格助詞 don't connect to verbs. They\nonly connect to 体言, which I think does not include verbs.\n\nSo i searched online to see if this is a usage that I am not aware of. And I\nfound\n[this](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/053.html).\nBut that does not show any examples of this \"verb plain form + に\" usage.\n\nIt also says that\n\n> 格助詞は、主に **名詞** について、その **名詞** と他の語（他の名詞、あるいは、述語としての動詞・形容詞）との意味関係を示します。\n>\n> 格助詞 is mainly put after a **noun** and shows the relationship between that\n> **noun** and another noun, a verb used as a predicate or an adjective.\n\nHow can に be put after a verb's plain form? What is this usage?",
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T07:27:05.393",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Why can に be put after a verb's plain form?",
"view_count": 379
} | [
{
"body": "> (1)変更するにはカギをクリックします。 \n> (2)変更するためにはカギをクリックします。\n\nSimply, the given sentence (1) is made of sentence (2) by omitting \"ため\". This\nkind of abbreviation is very common.\n\n\"ためには\" means \"in order to.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T10:38:25.753",
"id": "46932",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T12:36:21.970",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-29T12:36:21.970",
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{
"body": "The article you linked say a 格助詞 **mainly** attaches to a noun. And according\nto デジタル大辞泉, に is a 格助詞 which can safely follow a verb:\n\n> ### [に](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/166083/meaning/m1u/%E3%81%AB/)\n>\n> ［ **格助** ］名詞、名詞に準じる語、 **動詞の連用形・連体形** などに付く。\n>\n> ５ 動作・作用の目的を表す。「見舞い―行く」「迎え―行く」\n\nI think you are already familiar with expressions like 食べに (\"in order to eat\")\nor 見に (\"in order to see\"), and these are the masu-stems of verbs followed by\nthe 格助詞-に.\n\nSee also:\n\n * [What is the meaning of 「読むには読んだ」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34564/5010)\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, this verb before に is actually in the 連体形 (attributive form), not\nin the 終止形 (dictionary form). 終止形 is, as the name suggests, for ending a\nclause/sentence as a predicate. On the other hand, 連体形 (despite its name)\nworked as a nominalized noun in archaic Japanese. We can still see the 連体形 of\na verb used as a noun in proverbs. For example,\n[逃げるが勝ち](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%80%83%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8C%E5%8B%9D%E3%81%A1)\n= \"Running is winning\",\n[聞くは一時の恥](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AF%E4%B8%80%E6%99%82%E3%81%AE%E6%81%A5%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AC%E3%81%AF%E6%9C%AB%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AE%E6%81%A5)\n= \"Asking is a one-time shame\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T11:58:44.747",
"id": "46936",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
]
| 46930 | 46936 | 46936 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So I'm trying to say : Always say \"Itadakimasu\" before eating sushi.\n\nI was wondering if this is the correct way of saying it:\n\n> いつも『いただきます』と言うこと前に寿司を食べります。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T11:06:51.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46933",
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"owner_user_id": "21656",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation English to japanese",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "## Revised Edition\n\nI realized that the sentence is imperative by Chocolate's answer.\n\n> Always say \"Itadakimasu\" before eating sushi.\n\nあなたの翻訳｛ほんやく｝：いつも『いただきます』と言｛い｝うこと前｛まえ｝に寿司｛すし｝を食｛た｝べります。\n\n私｛わたし｝の翻訳｛ほんやく｝：寿司｛すし｝を食｛た｝べる前｛まえ｝にいつも「いただきます」と言｛い｝いなさい。\n\n* * *\n\n## Former Edition\n\n> Always say \"Itadakimasu\" before eating sushi.\n\nあなたの翻訳｛ほんやく｝：いつも『いただきます』と言｛い｝うこと前｛まえ｝に寿司｛すし｝を食｛た｝べります。\n\n私｛わたし｝の翻訳｛ほんやく｝：寿司｛すし｝を食｛た｝べる前｛まえ｝にいつも「いただきます」と言｛い｝います。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T12:00:59.010",
"id": "46937",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> Always say \"Itadakimasu\" before eating sushi.\n\nIs that imperative?\n\nIf that's the case, I think you could say:\n\n> (お)寿司を食べる前には、必ず「いただきます」と｛言いなさい。/ 言ってください。/ 言いましょう。 etc.｝\n\nor:\n\n> (お)寿司は、必ず「いただきます」と言ってから｛食べなさい。/ 食べてください。/ 食べましょう。 etc.｝",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T12:37:46.553",
"id": "46938",
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"score": 4
}
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| 46933 | null | 46938 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46941",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "考え得る限り **の手** は尽くしたが、問題の解決には至らなかった。\n\nWhat does の手 mean here? Is it something that can be omitted without changing\nthe meaning of the sentence? It seems like it might indicate a person being in\na state or condition.\n\nMy translation: Although I thought about it as much I could, I was unable to\nresolve the problem.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T17:43:28.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46939",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T18:10:13.350",
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"owner_user_id": "7478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「noun phrase」の手?",
"view_count": 259
} | [
{
"body": "First, the noun phrase 考え得る限り means \"as much as one can think of\" as you have\ntranslated. More literally it would be \"the limit of what one can obtain by\nthinking\". It acts a bit like an adjective, because it modifies the 手\nfollowing it using の.\n\n手 has several meanings, the original being \"hand\", but here I think it means\nsomething along the lines of a way, trick or a technique.\n\n尽くす means to run out of.\n\nWhen you put them together, one translation could be\n\n> I used up all [tricks]{手} I could think of, but I was unable to resolve the\n> problem.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T18:10:13.350",
"id": "46941",
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"score": 3
}
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| 46939 | 46941 | 46941 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46945",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context:\n\n> 彼女を、守ってあげてね？ 昔のわたし、救ってあげてね？ \n> あなたは、治せる人を治してあげてね。わたしの傷はもう…あなたには専門外だから\n\nProblem sentence:\n\n> そう…あなただけには、もう癒すことができないんだから\n\nWho can't be healed anymore, the person talking or the person it is being said\nto?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T18:07:19.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46940",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T20:41:10.580",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-29T20:41:10.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "19206",
"owner_user_id": "20387",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Pronouns in this sentence",
"view_count": 90
} | [
{
"body": "With the help of the previous sentence you gave, I think it means that あなた\ncannot heal the wounds of わたし anymore.\n\nIn the previous sentence, わたし is talking about (her?) wounds. The wounds carry\nover to the next sentence, are the object of the transitive verb 癒す. The\nsubject is あなた, but that was clear from the sentence in question.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T20:27:53.830",
"id": "46945",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19206",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 46940 | 46945 | 46945 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46943",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading some practice articles written in Japanese; not sure if they're\nbased on real articles, but no matter.\n\nThe title in question is 村上ファン集うカフェで発表待つイベント, and I'm not 100% sure what the\n発表待つ part is saying, thus I thought I'd ask.\n\nIt looks grammatically incorrect to mean, and I'm not sure what the title is\nsaying as a result of this.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T19:08:47.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46942",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T19:41:14.237",
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is 発表待つ saying in this title?",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "[I found a cached version of the article.](http://archive.fo/OfeCa)\n\nIn the text, there is\n\n> **発表** の瞬間 **を待つ** イベントが開かれました。\n\nFrom this, you can guess that the particle を is omitted from the title. I\nthink linguists call the practice of omitting words like this\n[ellipsis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsis_\\(linguistics\\)).\n\nHere is another question about omitting を: [The meaning of を in\nあなたは何をしていますか?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38447/the-meaning-\nof-%E3%82%92-in-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AF%E4%BD%95%E3%82%92%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B/38449)\n\nIn fact, a whole lot of other particles are also omitted from the title. I'll\nmark the particles with **bold**.\n\n> 村上 **の** ファン **が** 集うカフェで発表 **を** 待つイベント\n\nLiteral translation:\n\n> [At]{で} the café [where]{が} Murakami['s]{の} fans gather, the event of\n> waiting [for]{を} the release",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-29T19:41:14.237",
"id": "46943",
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]
| 46942 | 46943 | 46943 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I was reading from japanese language forum to find the differences between\nとうとうandついに They give this examples:\n\n 1. とうとう誰も来なかった。\n 2. ついに誰も来なかった。\n\nBoth とうとうand ついにcan be used in that sentence, but the forum website said that\nついに a lil bit exaggerated.\n\nI can't understand the meaning of this \"exaggerated\"\n\nIf anyone understand, can you help me to explain it, and tell me the\ndifferences nuance between this two adverbs? Thank you so much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T19:49:01.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46944",
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"owner_user_id": "20134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"nuances",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "What is the differences between とうとう and ついに? ついに、とうとう違う",
"view_count": 151
} | []
| 46944 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46953",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Can someone explain to me how the contrastive は works? As I still don't get\nit. How exactly does it work? Is it derived from it's topical cousin? How does\nit modify the topic of discourse?\n\nFor example, I don't quite understand what the second supposedly contrasting は\nis actually doing in this sentence that the conjunctive が isn't already doing:\n犬の鳴き声は聞こえるが、犬の姿は見えない。\n\nIt's from the Imabi post on the contrastive particle, yet it still doesn't\nreally explain what's actually going on; thus, I'm just wondering if someone\ncould help explain this to me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T20:42:57.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46946",
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Can someone explain the contrastive は to me?",
"view_count": 1241
} | [
{
"body": "You shouldn't regard \"topic\" or \"contrast\" as ~~a priori~~ something accepted\nfrom the beginning. They are just grammar theories. Different people can\nexplain は's function either with solely topic or with solely contrast.\n\nSome call it \"contrast\" when you can find implication that something is\ndifferent from something else, and others call secondary topics \"contrastive\nは\" and primary topics \"topic\".\n\nWhat's sure about は is that it highlights the thing marked with it and\nseparates it and lets it float around the rest of the clause.\n\nAs for your example, you can interpret it as \"As for dog's bark, it's audible.\nBut as for its figure, it's not visible\".\n\nSpeaking of emphasis, you can put it on either 犬の姿は or 犬の姿が by stress in\npronunciation. (If you emphasize contrast between voice and figure, it's\nbetter to omit 犬の from 犬の姿.)\n\nIf the sentence was 声は…犬の姿 **が** 見えない (without が stressed*1), the latter\nsentence would be a sentence of neutral description in this case and the fact\nthat you can't see them feels abrupt and your mind feels kind of renewed and\noccupied with it. In contrast, the original sentence feels like taking 犬の姿 as\nonly one of agenda (without は stressed).\n\n*1: In that case, it's interpreted as exhaustive listing が.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T03:59:40.347",
"id": "46953",
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{
"body": "To translate it simply and directly in English you could sort of phrase it\nlike this:\n\n> As for the dog's bark, I can hear it, but as for it itself, I cannot see it.\n\nThe conjunctive が is like the \"but\" but the は is like the \"as for...\".\n\nIt sort of emphasizes \"THIS thing is (such and such), but THIS thing is (so\nand so).\"\n\nSometimes the second half isn't even needed.\n\nIf someone asked if you had a pencil, but you only had a pen, the conversation\nmight go something like:\n\n> 鉛筆はありますか？\n>\n> ボールペンはありますけど… \"I have a _pen_...(but no pencil)\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T04:14:15.650",
"id": "46955",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T05:33:07.287",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "Apart from the grammatical consideration, I'll show you how similar\nexpressions sound for me.\n\n * 〇 (1) 犬の鳴き声は聞こえるが、犬の姿は見えない。\n * △ (2) 犬の鳴き声は聞こえるが、犬の姿が見えない。\n * 〇 (3) 犬の鳴き声は聞こえるが、犬の姿が見えないのはおかしい。\n * 〇((3)' 犬の鳴き声は聞こえるが、犬の姿が見えないことはおかしい。）\n * 〇 (4) 犬の鳴き声は聞こえるし、犬の姿も見える。\n * 〇 (4)' 犬の鳴き声は聞こえる、そして、犬の姿も見える。）\n * ✖ (5) 犬の鳴き声は聞こえるし、犬の姿は見える。\n * ✖((5)' 犬の鳴き声は聞こえる、そして、犬の姿は見える。）\n\nThe sentence (1) and (2) tell the same observed situation, but the situation\nis somewhat contradictory. (1) is more natural than (2) because in the\nsentence (1) the writer stresses the contradictory point by using は instead of\nが.\n\nThe sentence (2) is grammatically correct and informative but not natural\nbecause of lacking of writer's intention.\n\nThough (3) has the same phrase (2) in it, it makes (2) a noun clause by using\nの and make this clause a topic by using は, so the sentence (3) becomes\nmeaningful.\n\nAs for the sentence (4), も makes the sentence meaningful.\n\nThe sentence (5) is grammatically correct but not informative so it sounds\ndull.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T06:19:08.060",
"id": "46957",
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]
| 46946 | 46953 | 46953 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46950",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Referring to eating ice cream at a Tanabata festival:\n\n> ソフトクレームの甘いにおいの中に、むせかえるような笹飾りの香りがした。 \n> Amongst the sweet smell of the soft cream was the choking smell of bamboo\n> decorations.\n\nMy translation sounds ridiculous. Firstly, I wouldn't expect bamboo\ndecorations to have a choking smell, and secondly, there is no further\nreference to this smell either before or after this sentence.\n\nHave I completely mis-translated? Can you tell me where I went wrong?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T22:17:19.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46947",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T02:38:59.293",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of むせかえるような笹飾りの香りがした",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "むせかえるような is a common idiom describing an odor or fragrance is extremely thick.\nIt's quite exaggerated, that it tells a smell is so dense that felt as if a\nlump of steam occupies the nostrils to choke someone. Of course no one is\nharmed nine out of ten times when you hear the phrase, so you don't need to\nworry about it.\n\nI think the translation would be just like \"abundant\", \"rich\", \"filled with\"\nand so on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T02:32:32.460",
"id": "46949",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T02:32:32.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "> ソフトクレームの甘いにおいの中に、むせかえるような笹飾りの香りがした。 \n> Amongst the sweet smell of the soft cream was the choking smell of bamboo\n> decorations.\n\nMy translation: I was overwhelmed by the fragrant smell of bamboo decorations\namongst the sweet smell of the soft cream.\n\nI think your translation is literally correct, but ... \nIt is not your skill to be blamed but the available Japanese-English\ndictionaries.\n\nI guess that you know \"むせかえる\" is a combined verb of \"むせる\" and \"かえる.\"\n\nIn my dictionary \"むせかえる\" and \"むせる\" are both translated as \"be choked.\"\n\nIn my English-English dictionary \"choke\" is defined as: \nto (cause to) have great difficulty in breathing or stop breathing because of\nblocking of or damage to the breathing passages.\n\nI think \"むせる\" is not the same definition that is written in my English-English\ndictionary, but it is the abrupt body motion in order to push out foreign\nobjects other than the air inhaled by mistake or without intending from the\nbreathing passages to keep them clear for inhaling fresh air. Sometimes \"むせる\"\nmay accompany coughing.\n\nIn the given sentence, I think \"むせる\" does not mean actual state of breathing\ndifficulty but the author wanted to describe the dense smell of bamboo.\n\nAs for \"かえる\", it is used to explain the enormous degree of the density of the\nsmell. There are two possible interpretations: the first one is to describe\nthe pushing back motion of the foreign objects; and the second one is to\ndescribe the degree of being overwhelmed just by swaying back the upper body.\n\nI think the second interpretation is the intention of the author.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T02:38:59.293",
"id": "46950",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T02:38:59.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "46947",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 46947 | 46950 | 46949 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In this doujin that I'm reading, a character - Hinata - comes to his new\nfriend's volleyball practice. When an excited Hinata asks if he could join in\ntheir practice, the club members crowd around him, curious as to why he's\nthere (left panel). Among their various questions, one member asks\n来{らい}年{ねん}受{じゅ}験{けん} which I believe translates roughly to \"Taking the exam\nnext year?\" Considering that this is a middle school volleyball club and they\nmistake Hinata for an elementary school child, I assume it means that he's\nasking if Hinata plans to come to their middle school next year. But why is he\ntalking about an exam?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/s4bNB.png)",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-29T23:39:24.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46948",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-29T23:39:24.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18852",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"culture"
],
"title": "来年受験 - What does taking an exam in the coming year mean in this context?",
"view_count": 111
} | []
| 46948 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So i'm trying to figure this out why you put a の with a 作る(to make)...i.e.\nmary さんはすしをつくるのがへだです...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T03:04:28.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46951",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T03:59:59.370",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T03:26:15.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "18916",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"particles",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Where does the 'no' come from in tsukuru(no)? Is it a particle or part to tsukuru",
"view_count": 162
} | [
{
"body": "の is used to make a noun clause just like こと is. \nFor this function, の and は are roughly interchangeable.\n\nI think の is more frequently used than こと in daily conversation, because の\ncould be pronouced more easily than the other.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T03:34:03.447",
"id": "46952",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T03:56:11.640",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T03:56:11.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "46951",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "In order to describe a verb or add more sentence onto a verb you have to first\nturn it into a noun, with either の or こと. So, here the whole phrase すしをつくる\nacts as one noun when の is attached, and then you just continue as normal.\n～がへたです。\n\nOther examples of this same this happening:\n\n本を読むのが好きです 読む + の\n\nやったことないです。 （やる）やった + こと\n\nそうなんです。 （です・だ）な + ん（の）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T03:59:59.370",
"id": "46954",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T03:59:59.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20531",
"parent_id": "46951",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 46951 | null | 46952 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46962",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I watched [this video](https://youtu.be/s6gr7Ljl0x8?t=3m43s) in which the\nstory is supposed to be a folk tale but everybody speaks an exaggerated ギャル語\nslang. The video has subtitles that explain all the ギャル語 words.\n\nThe word 「[ＫＢＮ]{ケービーエヌ}」 was used frequently. In the subtitles it was\n\"translated\" to 「[小判](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koban_\\(coin\\))」, an Edo\nperiod gold coin. I understand that in the video the coins are probably\nsupposed to be koban, but because this video was about the ギャル語 slang, it made\nme wonder if the word is still used for money in general.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T10:01:27.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46958",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T21:35:55.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19206",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"slang",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Is 小判{こばん} understood as a slang term for coins or money in general?",
"view_count": 290
} | [
{
"body": "The word KBN is used for money 小判｛こばん｝ in this video. But, the word 小判｛こばん｝ is\nnot used for money now, even in a ギャル world.\n\nBy the way, I do not think that it will be useful for learning Japanese much\nif you remember the words in this video, though.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T10:38:30.057",
"id": "46960",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T11:47:57.043",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T11:47:57.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "46958",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "No, \"小判\" isn't a word we modern Japanese (including ギャル and ギャル男) would use to\nrefer to coins of today, or money in general for that matter. It is precisely\nthe name for the flat, oblong piece of gold that was used as currency in the\nEdo period.\n\nWhoever wrote the script of the video had at least two choices in translating\n\"小判\" into modern slang: They could first take the modern equivalent of what 小判\nwas, which would be お金, 硬貨, etc, and render it in the way those lexically\ncreative hipsters would say it in their vernacular (which would be... ゼニ, カネ\nor マニー?, I don't know.)\n\nOr they could also just stick with the word \"小判\", without worrying to much\nabout consistency (which they shouldn't), and play with it in the way ギャル/ギャル男\nin those days _could have_ (i.e. the syllable-based initialism). They went\nwith this latter approach, and to good effect, in my opinion.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T12:53:51.530",
"id": "46962",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T13:46:42.940",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T13:46:42.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "11575",
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "46958",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "What that video is doing is taking the original lines and \"converting\" into\n\"gal\" talk (personally this doesn't sound like \"gal\" talk but more like \"party\npeople\" talk). Note this is the uploader doing his own translation, so he is\nactually making things up that sound like the speech pattern.\n\nThis type of speech pattern sometimes shortens Japanese words into just\nconsonants, so he takes 小判 (which has already been answered that it is not\nused today) and remixes it into which he thinks it might sound like if people\nfrom that time period spoke in \"gal\" talk.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T21:35:55.483",
"id": "46975",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T21:35:55.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9508",
"parent_id": "46958",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 46958 | 46962 | 46962 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm fairly new to the language so please bear with my stupidity regarding\nthese type of questions.\n\nOkay so why is \nお願いします (onegaishimasu in Hiragana and 願 from i don't know) = \"Please\" \nbut \n~~おんえおねがいします (same but all in Hiragana) = \"I'm planning to do my best?\"\n(google translated, I don't know the accuracy)~~ Yep I'm stupid.\n\nSame to 神様 (Kanji, I guess?) and カミサマ (Hiragana) which both means god.\n\nare these what they call Kanji? When should it be used?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T10:13:00.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46959",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-07T18:23:05.283",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T10:30:29.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "21959",
"owner_user_id": "21959",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Is おんえがいします different than お願いします?",
"view_count": 619
} | [
{
"body": "They are basically the same, but instead of おんえがいします you should write おねがいします",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-08T14:32:39.697",
"id": "47189",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-08T14:32:39.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22060",
"parent_id": "46959",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
},
{
"body": "おんえがいします is wrong, it does not exist.\n\nRemember that when you are learning japanese the first thing you have to learn\ncorrectly is Hiragana and then Katakana so you won't make mistakes like this\none.\n\nIn romaji is onegaishimasu but the problem with romaji is that you don't know\nexactly where to split the syllables. The word is written correctly like this:\n\n> おねがいします: O - NE - GA - I - SHI - MA - SU\n\nThe wrong one that you have is written like this:\n\n> おんえがいします: O - N - E - GA - I - SHI - MA - SU\n\nThe las one:\n\n> お願いします\n\nIs written in a different writing system called kanji. You should google the 4\njapanese writing systems: Hiragana, Katakana, Kanji and Romaji\n\nFinally 神様 in hiragana is written like this way かみさま, the one that you\nmentioned (カミサマ) is katakana.\n\nIn a nutshell, yeah you can write Kanji with hiragana for example 勉強 (Kanji) -\nべんきょう(Hiragana) - BE-N-KYO-U. Why is this posible? because Kanji is a\npictografic writing system this means that any character represent an idea and\nnot a sound (like ancient hieroglyphics) and Hiragana and Katakana are\nsyllables writing systems so you can represent how a kanji is pronounced or\nwritten by syllables.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-07T16:35:01.123",
"id": "48141",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-07T18:23:05.283",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-07T18:23:05.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "19322",
"owner_user_id": "19322",
"parent_id": "46959",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "To have a better undestanding on how to write, try to think in this way: the\nsyllables (vowels) in Japanese are \"a i u e o\", so with the letter n it would\nbe \"na ni nu ne no\" (Care, it's not always like this, as with the letter t\nit's \"ta chi tsu te to\".\n\nIf the word you want to say is a consontant followed by a vowel, then DO NOT\nseparate like you did.\n\nIf on the other side you want to extend a sound, for example, 女{おんな} it's not\npronounced like \"ONA\", but with an extension in the N. Something like\n\"onnnna\".\n\nKeep that in mind!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-07T18:15:56.253",
"id": "48144",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-07T18:15:56.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19538",
"parent_id": "46959",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 46959 | null | 48141 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46966",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have a Question -> Response exercise in my textbook. The context is a job\ninterview at a convenience store. I think the meaning is \"why do you want this\njob?\" but the way the Japanese is worded seems odd to me.\n\nCan somebody translate this for me please?\n\n> こちらでアルバイトを したい思った理由は 何ですか。\n\nIt is したい思った which is confusing to me. \"want to have thought\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T12:23:16.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46961",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-02T17:22:24.063",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-02T17:22:24.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "4071",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "したい思った? What is this odd construct?",
"view_count": 185
} | [
{
"body": "たい is modifying する not 思う in this sentence, so したいと思う means \"think you want to\ndo\", not \"want to think you do\".\n\n> こちらでアルバイトをする -> do part-time work here. \n> こちらでアルバイトをしたい -> want to do part-time work here. \n> こちらでアルバイトをしたいと思った -> think you want to do part-time work here. \n> こちらでアルバイトをしたいと思った理由は -> the reason you think you want to do part-time work\n> here \n> こちらでアルバイトをしたいと思った理由は何ですか -> What's the reason you think you want to do\n> part-time work here?\n\nWhy it uses 思った rather than 思う is something I don't quite understand though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T13:24:39.440",
"id": "46964",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T14:34:58.177",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T14:34:58.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "46961",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> こちらでアルバイトを したいと思った理由は 何ですか。 \n> What's the reason you think you want to do a part-time job here?\n\n * The job interviewer (A) is asking the reason from the job interviewee (B), not asking what B wants to do, because A already knows that B wants to do a part-time job here. \n * Why does A know B's intention already? Because, A has got B's application for the job already. \n * When did B think he wanted to do a part-time job here? Before submitting the application for the job. \n * Then B thought of the part-time job **in the past** , so the phrase アルバイトをしたいと **思った** is used instead of アルバイトをしたいと **思う**. \n\n**That's why the tense differs between English and 日本語｛にほんご｝.**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T15:41:15.260",
"id": "46966",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T15:59:36.347",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T15:59:36.347",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "46961",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 46961 | 46966 | 46966 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46968",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **天帝の娘で** はたを織るのが上手だったおり姫と牛飼いのひこ星はおたがいに好きになり、結婚する。 \n> ??? Princess Ori, who was skilled with the weaving, and Hikoboshi the\n> cowherd come to love each other and will get married.\n\nNow, I'm assuming that the で in bold somehow tells us that Princess Ori is the\ndaughter of the Sky King. But, this doesn't fit with my usual understanding of\nで as either a location marker, 'by means of', or て-form of copula.\n\nHave I understood the meaning correctly? Can you please give some more\nexamples of how/when I should use で in this way?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T15:55:33.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46967",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T16:55:18.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Can で be used to define a family relationship?",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "The で is the te-form of the copula (or, the continuative form of the assertive\nauxiliary) だ.\n\n> ［天帝の娘で］［はたを織るのが上手だった］おり姫 \n> Princess Ori, [who was the daughter of the Sky King and] [was skilled with\n> the weaving]\n\nTo turn this noun phrase into its non-relative equivalent:\n\n> おり姫は、天帝の娘 **で** 、はたを織るのが上手だった。 \n> Princess Ori was the daughter of the Sky King and was skilled with the\n> weaving. \n> (≂ おり姫は、天帝の娘 **だった** 。おり姫は、はたを織るのが上手だった。)\n\nExample:\n\n太郎は花子の弟 **だ** 。+ 太郎は東京の大学に通っている。 \n→太郎は花子の弟 **で** 、東京の大学に通っている。 \n→花子の弟 **で** 、東京の大学に通っている太郎 (noun phrase)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T16:55:18.897",
"id": "46968",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T16:55:18.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "46967",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 46967 | 46968 | 46968 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46980",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the [Dead Tube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Tube) manga, a girl is\nbeing accused of being a 痴女【ちじょ】, at which she replies:\n\n> 私変態だけど痴女じゃないもん！！\n\nWhat's the difference between the two words? Is 変態 just a pervert and 痴女\nsomeone that actually sexually assaults people?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T17:13:26.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46969",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T16:03:21.877",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T16:03:21.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"nuances",
"manga",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 変態 and 痴女 (or 痴漢)?",
"view_count": 1248
} | [
{
"body": "変態 are people with abnormal sexual preferences. They can be men or women.\n痴女(women) or 痴漢(men) are people who have committed sexual crimes. So, she can\nbe 変態 and not a 痴女 if she has abnormal sexual preferences but does not act on\nthem. [Japanese wiki explains this.\n](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%89%E6%85%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%AC%B2\n\"変態性欲を（主に対外的に）行動に移すとき、場合によって、痴漢や痴女や変質者と呼ばれることがある（変態性欲者のすべてが変質者に含まれるわけではない）。\")\n\nTo me, when I use 痴女(women) or 痴漢(men), I am not saying if their sexual\npreferences are abnormal or not but I am saying that they are doing something\nsexual in abnormal manners, meaning criminal manners.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T23:03:23.963",
"id": "46980",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T23:03:23.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21963",
"parent_id": "46969",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 46969 | 46980 | 46980 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48767",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm wondering about the origin of the word 無くす.\n\nThere is the word 無{な}い, meaning \"to not exist/be there\". You can add なる and\nする to adjectives to create verbs:\n\n * なる - 無くなる - \"to become not there/become lost\"\n * する - 無くする - \"to make not there/lose\"\n\nNow, according to some dictionaries, 無くなる seems to be considered a [word of\nits own](http://jisho.org/search/%E7%84%A1%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B), but\n[not 無くする](http://jisho.org/search/%E7%84%A1%E3%81%8F%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B),\nwhich I find interesting.\n\n無くす means the same thing as 無くする, and the definition in\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/163704/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%99/)\nof 無くす does use 無くする.\n\nThus, I am wondering if 無くす stems from 無くする, but with the る dropped, in the\nsame way as 愛す appeared.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T17:25:18.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46970",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-28T06:51:12.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Did 無くす come from 無くする?",
"view_count": 249
} | [
{
"body": "す is the\n[文語体【ぶんごたい】](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Japanese_language) (old\nform) of する. する was originally the 連体形【れんたいけい】 (adnominal form) of す. It was\ncombined with the 終止形【しゅうしけい】 (dictionary form) later.\n\nThough 無【な】くす stems from **無【な】く + す** , it is not considered to be a word\ncreated by adding す, but is instead thought of as a word like 荒【あ】らす, 殺【ころ】す,\netc. (Usually the す in words created by adding す is low pitch, such as 愛す,\nread as あいす【HLL】, but the one in 無くす is read as なくす【LHH】 with a high pitch.)\nFor this reason, 無くする is uncommon. Most dictionaries in Japan don't give 無くする\nas an entry.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T13:39:07.473",
"id": "48767",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 46970 | 48767 | 48767 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46974",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the etymology of 一緒{いっしょ}に? Why kanji 緒{しょ} (meaning \"thong\") is used\nin this expression, and not 諸{しょ} (meaning \"together\")?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T18:09:30.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46971",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-01T06:18:40.620",
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"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why is \"together\" spelled with \"thong\"",
"view_count": 580
} | [
{
"body": "The basic meaning of 緒 _sho_ is \"thread\" (or \"thread end\"). Some say 一緒\n_issho_ comes from the homophone 一所 _issho_ , \"in one place\", which appears in\nold works such as the _Heike Monogatari_ with the meaning of \"together\". If\nthis is correct, then 一緒 _issho_ must be a\n[reanalysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reanalysis_\\(linguistics\\)) meant\nto distinguish the \"together\" nuances from the basic \"physically at the same\nplace\" meaning. That is:\n\n * In the first stage, you have 一所 _issho_ = \"one place; physically at one (and the same) place\".\n * Then 一所 _issho_ starts to be used metaphorically to mean \"together\", not just in the same place but also \"performing in combination\", \"united in a single whole\", \"in a relationship\" etc.\n * Then 一緒 _issho_ is devised to distinguish the latter nuances.\n\nWhy did they choose \"thread\" to mean \"together\"? I don't know, but if I had to\nspeculate, to me at least the idea of \"together as if in a single thread\"\nbrings to mind things like this: \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WeMQa.jpg)\n\nWhy not use 諸 _sho-_? Well, the meaning of the word 諸 _sho-_ isn't \"together\"\nat all. Rather, it's \"all\" or \"various\", used as a prefix quantifier (in\nconstructions like 諸君 _sho-kun_ = \"all of you in the audience; ladies and\ngentlemen!\" or 諸国 _sho-koku_ = \"the various countries, the many provinces\").\nYou can say, for example, 「諸国が別々に解決した」 \"each/every country settled it\nseparately\". Not only the meaning doesn't match, but also the grammar doesn't\nfit. 諸 _sho-_ was already a prefix in its Chinese origins, so it would\nprobably feel weird and nonsensical to put a prefix modifying a _ni_ in the\nalready-existing expression _issho-ni_ (which, you'll note, makes perfect\nsense with the original analysis as 一所に). 緒 _sho_ , by contrast, is a\nstandalone noun, not a prefix.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T19:28:38.373",
"id": "46974",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 46971 | 46974 | 46974 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46973",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The phrase \"Yūsha Satan yo kiseki o okose!\" is translated as \"Make a Miracle,\nSatan the Hero!\" or \"Valiant Mr. Satan, Work a Miracle!\" . Why is there a yo\nparticle after Satan and not a ga particle? Wasnt yo supposed to be an ending\nparticle for emphasis? What does it mean here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T19:06:12.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46972",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T19:31:27.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-よ"
],
"title": "Why is there a \"yo\" particle and not a \"ga\" particle in the phrase \"Yūsha Satan yo kiseki o okose!\"",
"view_count": 175
} | [
{
"body": "I believe this is the vocative よ, similar in meaning and usage to the [English\nO](http://mentalfloss.com/article/56582/whats-difference-between-o-and-oh).\nEDict mentions this meaning:\n\n> (2) (after a noun) used when calling out to someone\n>\n> `恋人よ、我に帰れ。` Lover, come back to me.\n\n[Japanese Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E6%A0%BC) has\nthis example from Latin:\n\n> Quo vadis, domine? `主よ、いずこへ行き給う`\n\nYou could translate the sentence as \"O Satan the Hero, make a miracle happen!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T19:26:02.023",
"id": "46973",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T19:31:27.223",
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"parent_id": "46972",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 46972 | 46973 | 46973 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46981",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The sentence in question is: カズマの発言にいきり立つ、ゴブリン並みに短気な二人。\n\nI get first part of getting angry at Kazuma's statement but the second part\nhas 2 things I don't quite get:\n\n1.並み after the word goblin, the word has so many meanings on Jisho but I'm not\nsure which, if any of them actually fit here.\n\n2.The sentence ends in 二人, which is a noun. Based on what I've learned,\nshouldn't the last part of a sentence always be a verb?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T22:02:10.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46976",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T08:11:03.350",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-01T08:11:03.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "21932",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Understanding ~並みに and ending a sentence with a noun",
"view_count": 992
} | [
{
"body": "1. 並み means 'level' or 'like' in this case. 'ゴブリン並みに短気な二人' means 'Those two are short tempered just like goblins.' or 'Those two are goblin-level short tempered.'\n\n 2. No, japanese sentences do not always end with verbs. Sometimes, verbs are omitted, and other times the positions of subjects and objects are switched. In this case, it seems to be the latter. If I rewrite this into a subject-verb sentence, 'ゴブリン並みに短気な二人はカズマの発言にいきり立つ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T22:42:57.787",
"id": "46979",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T22:42:57.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21963",
"parent_id": "46976",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "１． ～[並]{な}み, when attached to a noun as a suffix, means \"the same level as ~~\"\n\"to the same degree as ~~\" \"equal to ~~\". ゴブリン並みに短気 means \"as short-tempered\nas goblins\" \"short-tempered just like goblins\".\n\n２．It ends with a noun because it's a noun phrase containing relative clauses.\n\n> ［カズマの発言にいきり立つ、］［ゴブリン並みに短気な］二人。 \n> _Lit_ : \"The two, who are as short-tempered as goblins and get furious at\n> Kazuma's statement.\"\n\nThis is a kind of rhetorical technique called \"[体言]{たいげん}[止]{ど}め\". For more on\nthis topic, you can refer to this thread: [What exactly is\n体言止め？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14529/9831)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-30T23:13:15.910",
"id": "46981",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-30T23:49:51.903",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-30T23:49:51.903",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "> カズマの発言にいきり立つ、ゴブリン並みに短気な二人。\n\nIf you want a verb at the end of the sentece, you could say as\n\n> カズマの発言にいきり立つ、ゴブリン並みに短気な二人 **であった** 。\n\nThe above expression is often used by writers in their novels.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T00:12:29.597",
"id": "46983",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T00:12:29.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "46976",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 46976 | 46981 | 46981 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46985",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm trying to translate this sport team name:\n\n> 東亞学園バレㅡ部\n\nbut Google keeps correcting this to:\n\n> 東亜学園バレーᅳ部\n\nIt's obviously difficult to guess which type of horizontal line is meant, but\nthe second character is clearly printed as 亞, not 亜. Is it possible that the\none is used as a simplified form of the other in situations where printing\ncomplicated characters is difficult?\n\n_(Google Translate gives me results like \"Toa Gakuen Valley Department\" and\n\"Toa Gakuen Ballet Department\" and when I accept the suggestion to change to\nthe second version \"Toa Gakuen Volleyball Department\", which is probably\nright, because the Toa Gakuen school in Tokyo has a[volleyball\nteam](http://www.toagakuen.ac.jp/schoollife/club.html), but the writing looks\nmuch more like the first version.)_",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T00:11:17.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46982",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-02T01:46:51.480",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-01T12:09:20.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"names",
"kyūjitai-and-shinjitai",
"sports"
],
"title": "Can 亞 be a simplification of 亜?",
"view_count": 648
} | [
{
"body": "亞 is an old style character of 亜.\n\n亞 was used conventionally. \nPlural styles were used together with the textbook before the establishment of\nChinese characters for daily use in Japan, and unification was not\naccomplished about a style. Thus, about individual letters, the style\nconsidered to be the old style is not necessarily constant. **In addition, the\nold style is available in the present age and may be still used in a company\nname and a person's name, a novel or comics.**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T00:39:40.187",
"id": "46984",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T00:56:43.107",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-01T00:56:43.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "46982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Several points\n\n * the second-to-last character in 東亞学園バレㅡ部 is `U+3161 HANGUL LETTER EU` (from Korean), it should be ー `U+30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK`. This is probably why Google Translate doesn't quite know what to do with it.\n\n * バレー部 is short for バレーボール部 and means \"volleyball team/club\" (by the way, _ballet_ is written バレエ)\n\n * 亞 is the [_kyūjitai_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai) (old character form) and 亜 the _shinjitai_. 亜 has fewer strokes (and simpler strokes) than 亞\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fDw7T.png)\n\n * If the name is 東亞, don't let Google tell you otherwise. However, it looks like the school is called 東亜学園. Maybe that's why Google wants to correct it, maybe Google has a tendency to correct _kyūjitai_ to _shinjitai_. However, if the volleyball team writes their name 東亞学園バレー部, then being a name it shouldn't be corrected.\n\n * The school translates itself as 東亜学園高等学校 _Toa Gakuen High School_ , so I'd say\n\n> 東亞学園バレー部 \n> Tōa Gakuen Volleyball Club",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T00:40:55.427",
"id": "46985",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-02T01:46:51.480",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-02T01:46:51.480",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "46982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "Just to give some more details, I found a question on\n[chiebukuro](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1052736010)\njust about the difference between the two kanji 亞 and 亜.\n\nLet me quote the answer:\n\n> 亞は亜の旧字体ですね. 1949年に当用漢字字体表というものを 作る以前は「亞」「亜」どちらも使われていましたが\n> 漢字をなるべく単純なものに統一するために 今は亜が使われています. ちなみに、どちらも名前に使うことができます.\n\nSo according to this 亞 is just an old form of 亜. Specifically, before the list\nof daily-use kanji was made in 1949, they were both used. After that list, the\none that remains mostly used is 亜 (this was done in order to attempt a\nsimplification of the use of kanji). Notice that in the last sentence it is\nsaid that both can be used in names though (which I believe is your case).\n\nFinally, you can check [here](http://jigen.net/kanji/20124) for a confirmation\nthat 亞 is an old form of 亜:\n\n> 備考\n>\n> # 1旧字は亞",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T01:07:57.470",
"id": "46986",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T01:07:57.470",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "14205",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 46982 | 46985 | 46985 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46990",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the suitable Japanese word for \"ancestors\" or \"forefathers\". I have\ntried many dictionaries but there are many words Japanese words for these two\nwords. I've heard that there are some words in Japanese language that we can't\nuse them in our day to day activities (that means use in essays, spoken etc).\nTherefore I am confused what to choose from those words.\n\nThe answers are highly appreciated.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T04:41:35.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46989",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-03T02:13:54.073",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-03T02:13:54.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "21930",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "What is the suitable japanese word for \"forefathers\" or \"ancestors\" that can be used in an essay?",
"view_count": 1186
} | [
{
"body": "To mean forefathers and ancestors, we usually use \"祖先\" called そせん or \"先祖\"\ncalled せんぞ, both of which mean people who lived former ages before the present\nand have lineages. They are used like \"私の祖先は、大名だった。\", for example.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T06:23:50.700",
"id": "46990",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T06:23:50.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21943",
"parent_id": "46989",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 46989 | 46990 | 46990 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I tried asking:\n\nAlcohol arimasu ka?\n\nBut they seemed confused and finally one person gave me the cleaning spray for\nhands that's on the counter and that they use before handling food. I asked\nwhat it was called in Japanese and they said Shokudo, but then I look that up\nand it translates to \"poison\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T10:37:51.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46991",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T16:51:18.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is the word for the cleaning alcohol used by employees to clean hands in 7 Eleven?",
"view_count": 2208
} | [
{
"body": "If you asked something like 「アルコールありますか」 (arukōru arimasu ka), they probably\nunderstood that you wanted 酒 (sake).\n\nI don't know which specific cleaning alcohol 7 Eleven employees use, but you\nprobably misheard \"Shokudo\". What I think you heard was 消毒剤{しょうどくざい} (shōdoku-\nzai) or just 消毒{しょうどく} (shōdoku). It can mean an alcohol-based antiseptic like\nthis:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eNJa0.jpg)\n\nThe kanji 毒 can mean poison, but in this word it means harm. A literal\ntranslation of 消毒剤 could be \"a substance that wipes out harmful things\". It is\nnot very accurate name for it, because alcohol tends to kill harmless bacteria\nas well. See this question for more details: [Etymology of\n「消毒」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/46496/etymology-\nof-%E6%B6%88%E6%AF%92/46498)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T11:41:00.997",
"id": "46993",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-01T16:51:18.910",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-01T16:51:18.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "19206",
"owner_user_id": "19206",
"parent_id": "46991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 46991 | null | 46993 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "46996",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Referring to the Tanabata lovers who only meet once a year:\n\n> A) 「せめて毎月一回会えればいいのに」 \n> A) \"I wish they could meet at least once a month.\" \n> B) 「一年一回っていうのがいいんだ。そんなに何回もベタベタ会うもんじゃねェや」 \n> B) \"Once a year is fine. In that way they'll meet _stickily_ many times.\n> Right?\"\n\nWhat on earth does ベタベタ mean in this context? I thought it meant sticky. But I\ncan't imagine what a sticky meeting is.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-01T12:39:21.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "46994",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-02T00:42:11.397",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-01T21:25:02.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"reading-comprehension",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Meaning of ベタベタ when referring to a meeting",
"view_count": 593
} | [
{
"body": "> そんなに何回もベタベタ合うもんじゃねェや\n\nThe essence of the above sentence is\n\n> 何回もベタベタ会｛あ｝う\n\n何回もベタベタ会う \n＝何回も会う＋ベタベタ会う \n＝何回も会う＋ベタベタした感｛かん｝じで会う\n\nIn this context \"あっさり\" is the antonym of \"ベタベタ\" in Japanese. \nWe say \"彼｛かれ｝と彼女｛かのじょ｝の関係｛かんけい｝はあっさりしている。\" to describe their indifferent\nrelation. \nDo you get the nuance of \"ベタベタした感じ\"?",
"comment_count": 10,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-01T13:16:17.433",
"id": "46995",
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"body": "ベタベタ is an onomatopoeia (擬態語) commonly used for describing a couple or lovers\nbeing close and intimate, as well as for something being sticky. Maybe it's a\nbit close to イチャイチャ.\n\n> 一年一回っていうのがいいんだ。そんなに何回もベタベタ会うもんじゃねェや \n> (≂ そんなに何回もベタベタ **と** 会うものではない)\n\nI think it'd be something like \"It's good because it's just once a year. (≂\nWhat's good about it is that they meet only once a year.) They shouldn't be\nmeeting that often (≂ so many times a year), so intimately.\"",
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"body": "It feels to me that ベタベタ here is _not_ describing a manner in which single\ninstances of Orihime and Hikoboshi's meeting may be engaged in. Rather, by\nベタベタ Person B is referring to the frequency with which, Person A wishes, they\ncould see each other. Person B thinks meeting once a month would be to\n\"ベタベタ会う\", regardless of how \"clinglingly\" the star-crossed lovers might spend\ntheir time together. (Person A mentions only how often they should meet, not\nin what way, don' they? Then it would be somewhat incongruous with the\nanaphoric そんな if we interpret ベタベタ as a \"manner adverb\", unless Person B is\nsomehow presupposing that the meeting would be ベタベタ in the \"manner\" sense of\nthe word, which I think is unlikely.)",
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| 46994 | 46996 | 46996 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47013",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "sorry for such a rudimentary question but i'm learning on my own and i have\nproblems translating a question from the genki book. The problems are in the 6\nlesson 6 exercise. Its a role play exercise and i have to translate this. \"You\njust bought a brand new car and don't want anyone to use it\". あたらしい くるま を\nかいました\n\nI translated the first part like that but for the rest i'm not sure how should\ni advance. I guess i need to start with \"daredemo\" but i cannot come up with a\nmeaning full translation. Sorry to ask such a basic stuff but i have been\nstuck on it",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-01T19:22:29.037",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Genki 1 Can not translate question well",
"view_count": 426
} | [
{
"body": "I haven't formed many sentences in Japanese (I learned by reading and\nlistening only), so don't accept this answer until somebody confirms it's\ncorrect. Please comment if you see errors or strange constructs.\n\nBased on the English sentence:\n\n> You just bought a brand new car and don't want anyone to use it.\n\nI came up with these two sentences in Japanese:\n\n> あなたはちょうど今{いま}[新しい]{あたらしい}車{くるま}を[買い]{かい}ました。誰{だれ}にもそれを使{つか}われたくない。\n\nTo understand how the sentences work, let's break them into smaller parts.\n\n# First sentence\n\nYou just bought a brand new car.\n\n> * あなた (pronoun) \n> _You_\n> * は (particle) \n> _topic marker_ (makes あなた the topic)\n> * ちょうど (adverb) \n> _just_\n> * 今{いま} (noun) \n> _now_\n> * [新しい]{あたらしい} (adjective) \n> _new_\n> * 車{くるま} (noun) \n> _car_\n> * を (particle) \n> _direct object indicator_ (indicates that 車↑ is the object of the\n> transitive verb 買う↓)\n> * [買い]{かい}ました。 (verb) \n> _bought_.\n> * 買い is the [continuative\n> form](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Conjugable_words) of 買う\n> (to buy). This continuative form is also called \"masu stem\".\n> * まし is the [continuative\n> form](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Conjugable_words) of\n> ます. It attaches to verbs to make them polite.\n> * た is an auxiliary verb indicating past action.\n>\n\n# Second sentence\n\n(You) don't want anyone to use it. (あなた is still the topic)\n\n> * 誰{だれ}にも (adverb) \n> _Anyone_\n> * 誰{だれ} _who_\n> * に _to_\n> * も _also_\n> * それ (pronoun) \n> _that_ (the car)\n> * を (particle) \n> _direct object indicator_ (車{それ}↑; 使{つか}う↓)\n> * 使{つか}われたく + ない。 (verb + adjective) \n> _not want to be used._\n> * 使{つか}わ is the [irrealis\n> form](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Conjugable_words) of 使う\n> (to use). The irrealis form is also called the \"nai stem\".\n> * れ is the [continuative\n> form](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Conjugable_words) of\n> れる. It attaches to verbs to create the passive form.\n> * たく is the [continuative\n> form](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Conjugable_words) of たい\n> (want to).\n> * ない (not)\n>\n\nBecause there are no other objects for 使{つか}う, 「それを」 can be dropped and the\nmeaning will be the same.\n\n> 誰{だれ}にも使{つか}われたくない。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-01T22:32:12.170",
"id": "47002",
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"body": "I am assuming that the context given is:\n\n> Partner A has a date tomorrow and wants to borrow Partner B's car. Partner\n> B's car is brand new and he doesn't want anyone to use it.\n\nI think there can be many different ways to express \"My car is brand-new and I\ndon't want anyone to use it\". For example...\n\n「すみません。[誰]{だれ}にも[貸]{か}したくないんです。[新]{あたら}しい[車]{くるま}なので。」 \n_lit._ Sorry. I don't want to lend it to anyone. Because it's a brand-new car.\n\n「[新車]{しんしゃ}だから、まだ誰にも貸したくないんです。」 \n_lit._ It's a brand-new car, so I don't want to lend it to anyone yet.\n\n「ごめんなさい、[買]{か}ったばかりなので、まだ誰にも貸したくないんです。」 \n_lit._ Sorry, I just bought it, so I don't want to lend it to anyone yet.\n\n「あの車はまだ新しいから、誰にも[使]{つか}われたくないんです。」 \n_lit._ That car is still new, so I don't want to let anyone use it.\n\netc. etc...",
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| 46999 | 47013 | 47013 |
{
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"body": "I came across this interview, where the speaker mentioned both ご縁 and 縁 and\nthis is from this particular clip -> <https://clyp.it/v1uobgr2>\n\nI managed to transcribe it (I believe?), but I'm not sure how would I go about\ntranslating the first part, especially to distinguish between ご縁 and 縁.\n\nWhat I heard was\n\n> それから、Staffさんとの沢山の **ご縁** があって \n> 作品の中でも沢山の **縁** があって \n> 素晴らしい方々と色んな **縁** でこうして出来たのが \n> 舞台Haikyuu!!だと思ってます。\n\nI know that 縁 has such a deep meaning in Japanese, so I was wondering if there\nis any way to make it easier to understand?\n\nPS. Yes this is an interview related to the manga called Haikyuu!!\n\n**Edit: The audio link has been fixed.**\n\n* * *\n\nAlso I struggled to transcribe this particular bit from the same interview.\n\n-> <https://clyp.it/ibxy43to>\n\nI could only hear\n\n> 本当にxxxx良かったです。ありがとうございます。\n\nso I was wondering, if anyone can help me shed some light on this.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-01T19:39:18.150",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"manga"
],
"title": "Meaning of ご縁 and 縁 in this context",
"view_count": 3281
} | [
{
"body": "縁 is one of the difficult concepts to translate into English because I cannot\nfind a comparable concept in English. I explain 縁 to my American friends as\nlife circumstances which has brought people together.\n\nIn this sentence, I do not know who is talking, so I cannot specify some\nparts, but I might translate:\n\n> And, I think that we are able to produce this stage play, Haikyuu!! because\n> of the wonderful connections with wonderful staff and co-workers.",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T01:42:48.537",
"id": "47010",
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"body": "Some spiritually-inclined person might think of 「人とご縁があって」 as \"the universe\nbrought us together\", a religious person might say \"God brought us together\",\netc.\n\nHowever, I think that ご縁 is quite similar to the sentiment in \" **it was meant\nto be** \".\n\nIn the context you give, this is difficult to make sound natural, so I would\ntend to something like\n\n> スタッフさんとの沢山のご縁があって、作品の中でも沢山の縁があって、素晴らしい方々と色んな縁でこうして出来たのが舞台Haikyuu!!だと思ってます。\n>\n> I feel very lucky to meet the staff, the production likewise went very\n> smoothly / just flowed naturally, and the encounters with all these\n> wonderful people is how _Haikyū!!_ came to be.\n\nI think the difference between 縁 and ご縁 is just the usual difference between 〇\nand ご〇・お〇 (the one with ご・お is more polite).",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T03:38:35.150",
"id": "47014",
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"body": "The way 縁 is used in your clip seems to be rather vague and strikes me as\n[phatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phatic_expression). If I heard someone\nuse 縁 like this, I'd either think they are the sort of person who very\nearnestly believes in 縁 or are trying hard to find a simple, agreeable word\nthat will please everyone.\n\nI interpret these uses of 縁 in the following ways:\n\n> Staffさんとの沢山のご縁があって \n> → _had many nice-meetings with the staff_ = \"was happy working with them\"\n>\n> 作品の中でも沢山の縁があって \n> → _had many nice-meetings in the work_ = \"knew many people / learned a lot\n> from such a great work\"\n>\n> 素晴らしい方々と色んな縁で \n> → _with all sorts of nice-meetings and wonderful people_ = \"by a fortunate\n> collaboration of wonderful people\"\n\nBasically 縁 is a concept widespread among East Asians, typified by [the legend\nof red string](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_string_of_fate), that every\nassociation between people is divine match-making, and you should treasure and\nbe grateful for having good relationship with someone. Based on this, people\noften use 縁 casually when they feel \"happy, lucky to be or doing something\ntogether\", to indirectly praise people around them.",
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| 47000 | null | 47014 |
{
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"body": "How can I say RIP (rest in peace) in Japanese? For example \"RIP [name]\".\n\nAlso, how do I say to someone who know the person \"she's dead\" or \"she passed\naway this month\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-01T22:51:54.120",
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"owner_user_id": "21980",
"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"she's dead\" or \"she passed away\"?",
"view_count": 4459
} | [
{
"body": "亡くなりました closer to 'passed away', than 死ぬ in that it seems to be used in that\nslightly more sombre respectful tone, and when telling people such news.\n\neg 昨日おばあさんが亡くなりました。",
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"body": "> How can I say RIP (rest in peace) in Japanese?\n\nI think we usually say:\n\n * 「ご[冥福]{めいふく}をお[祈]{いの}りします。」 \n * 「[安]{やす}らかにお[眠]{ねむ}りください。」\n\n> For example \"RIP [name]\".\n\nI'm not sure if we have an exact equivalent but how about:\n\n * 「[name]さんのご冥福をお祈りします。」\n\n> Also, how do I say to someone who knows the person \"she's dead\" or \"she\n> passed away this month\"?\n\nIf she's not in your in-group:\n\n * 「｛彼女は / [name]さんは｝、[今月]{こんげつ}[亡]{な}くなりました。」 \n * 「｛彼女は / [name]さんは｝、今月お亡くなりになりました。」(politer, more respectful) \n\nIf she's in your in-group (family, relative...):\n\n * 「｛彼女は / [name]は｝、[今月]{こんげつ}[亡]{な}くなりました。」 \n * 「｛彼女は / [name]は｝、今月[他界]{たかい}しました。」",
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| 47003 | null | 47011 |
{
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"body": "I've heard this expression [相変]{あいか}わらず quite often before coming upon it\nagain in this sentence: 俺は相変わらず苛立っていた that a character says as he vents his\nfrustration on things not going right in his volleyball club. There is an\nexplanation of this expression\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/643/meaning/m0u/), but my Japanese\nisn't good enough for me to understand it. Could someone give me an\nexplanation for what it means and a few examples of it so that I could see it\nused in context?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T00:25:06.430",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "相変わらず - Meaning and usage",
"view_count": 1961
} | [
{
"body": "Well 相変わらず simply means \"as usual\". It indicates something that up to this\npoint has not changed.\n\nIn your example the character is saying: \"As usual, I was irritated\"\n(depending on the context you might be able to choose a more suitable English\nword than \"irritated\").\n\nDoes this not make sense? You can find a lot of examples of usage of 相変わらず\n[here](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E7%9B%B8%E5%A4%89%E3%82%8F%E3%82%89%E3%81%9A).\n\nTo take it a bit further, try to break it down looking at 相 and 変（変わる）\nseparately.\n\n**NOTE:** Please notice that the following is my interpretation. I plan to\nlook more into it but I haven't found any source yet to back it up.\n\nAccording to my dictionary, one of the meanings of 相 is \"one's nature/destiny\"\nor \"custom/tradition\" (it is indicated as one of the possible kanji for さが: 性\nor 相).\n\nThe verb 変わる as you know means \"to change\", and 変わらず put in this form\n(negative plus ず) means \"without changing\".\n\nSo if you see it this way it should make sense that 相変わらず indicates that \"the\nnature of something\" (相) \"does not change\" (変わらず), which becomes the idiomatic\nexpression \"as usual\".",
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{
"body": "I think 相変わらず can mean either:\n\n「いつも通り」「いつもと変わらず」「いつもと同じく」 \"as usual\" \"as ever\" \"as always\"\n\n> 「俺は相変わらず苛立っていた」≂「俺は **いつも通り** 苛立っていた」\"I was irritated _as usual_.\"\n\nor 「以前と同様」「いまだに」「まだ」 \"as before\" \"still\"\n\n> 「俺は相変わらず苛立っていた」≂「俺は **まだ** 苛立っていた」\"I was _still_ irritated.\"\n\n* * *\n\nExamples from _Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary_ (プログレッシブ和英中辞典):\n\n> * 祭日だというのに父は **相変わらず** 忙しい。 \n> Even though it's a holiday, my father is (as) busy _as usual_.\n> * 彼女は **相変わらず** 彼に好意を持っていた。 \n> She _still_ liked him.\n>",
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| 47006 | null | 47009 |
{
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"body": "In this funny scene from the anime Kiniro Mosaic\n(<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIauXFVABIQ>), the character Karen is\nlisting peoples' names to get familiar with them and says, \"陽子、忍に、えっと…\"\n\nWhat is the reasoning behind the に after Shinobu's name? Wouldn't と make more\nsense? Karen is British, so did they insert that just to make her sound less\nfluent in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T01:31:32.880",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"anime"
],
"title": "Use of に in a list of names?",
"view_count": 80
} | []
| 47008 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Do the following sentences differ in meaning? I understand that conditional たら\nadds the meaning of simultaneous action, but does the meaning of the sentence\nreally change without たら?\n\n> 寝ようとした、電話が掛かってきた。I was about to go to bed, and the phone rang.\n>\n> 寝ようとした **ら** 、電話が掛かってきた。 **When** I was about to go to bed, and the phone\n> rang.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T02:39:44.477",
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"tags": [
"conditionals"
],
"title": "What does conditional たら add to 未然形+う+とする?",
"view_count": 141
} | []
| 47012 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47016",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know what the word 「他」means in the following sentence.\n\n引火性のもの （ガソリン、ベンジン、 **シンナー他{ほか}** ）の近くで使用しないで下さい。\n\nDoes it means **'...and other things that are able to catch fire'** or\n**'besides gasoline, Benzin and thinner'**?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-02T07:04:58.410",
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"score": 9,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Nouns list followed by 他",
"view_count": 600
} | [
{
"body": "It's the former. Check if there is の before 他.\n\n * `A、B、C他` means \"A, B, C and others\"\n * `A、B、Cの他` means \"besides A, B and C\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T07:18:59.420",
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| 47015 | 47016 | 47016 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "i just don't think that これわそうだから、 is correct",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T10:12:21.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How would I say \"this is because,\" in japanese?",
"view_count": 2771
} | [
{
"body": "You can get the sample sentence and the answer\n[here](http://www.makocho0828.net/entry/2016/11/16/%E8%B6%85%E7%B0%A1%E5%8D%98%EF%BC%81This_is_why%E3%81%A8This_is_because%E3%81%AE%E9%81%95%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%EF%BC%9F%E8%AA%B0%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E5%88%86%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8B%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BA):\n\nI am sick. **This is because** I was drenched to the skin in a shower.\n\n私｛わたし｝は具合｛ぐあい｝が悪｛わる｝い。 **というのは** にわか雨｛あめ｝にあってずぶぬれになった **からだ** 。\n\nFor the sentence \"This is because ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊.\", the general answer is as\nfollows.\n\n 1. その理由は＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊からだ。 \n 2. その理由は＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊からです。(polite form) \n 3. というのは＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊からだ。 \n 4. というのは＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊からです。(polite form)",
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| 47018 | null | 47019 |
{
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"body": "I was wondering how you could say **right** now or **right** over there.\n\nSay you haven't done any of your assignments and you want to say something\nalong the lines of \"If my boss walked in **right** now (right this second),\nI'd be done for.\"\n\nI usually just used ちょうど今 in these situations, but I came to doubt whether\nthis is actually correct, and I thought there has to be a better way of\nphrasing this.\n\nSame goes for **right** over there. Say someone was asking where a certain\nthing is, and it's extremely close or in plain sight and I want to emphasize\nit being close.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T11:44:59.597",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "How to say right now, right over there etc",
"view_count": 717
} | [
{
"body": "The relevant word choice for 'right' would be すぐ.\n\nUsing 'right' to describe event:\n\n> If my boss walked [into the office] **right** now (right this second), I'd\n> be done for.\n>\n> 今 **すぐ** にでも 上司{じょうし}が 事{じ}務{む}所に入ってきたら、 お終{しま}いだ。\n\nUsing 'right' to give direction:\n\n> [...] right over there.\n>\n> **すぐ** そこにあります。\n\nIn practice, the phrase \"right over there\" might include useful pointer or\neven brief direction to tell how close it is from the current location.\n\n> セブンイレブンなら、 この通{とお}りの突{つ}き当りまで進{すす}んで **すぐ** そこにあります。\n>\n> If [you mean] 7-Eleven, it is **right** there when you go towards the end of\n> this street.",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T13:44:43.017",
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"body": "I believe that your first \"right\" (in \"right this second\") and second \"right\"\n(in \"right over there\") are different things. The first one indicates the very\nmoment when you're uttering the words (sorry if I'm wrong), but the second one\nis \"extremely close\" but not the very place where you stand, or refer to.\n\n> I usually just used ちょうど今 in these situations\n\nTime expressions are a bit delicate. ちょうど今 is rather \"just (before) now\", or\nthe \"infinitesimal past\" from the current moment. It's not what we use for the\nexact current moment, but could be understood.\n\n * just now (infinitesimal past): たった今, ちょうど今\n * right now (the current moment): 今この時, 今この瞬間\n * right now (infinitesimal future): すぐ, 今すぐ\n\nLikewise,\n\n * right here (under your feet): ちょうどここ, まさにここ／この場所\n * right there (almost no distance): すぐそこ, すぐあそこ (if something is in your way there)\n\nSo I'd say:\n\n> If my boss walked in **right** now (right this second), I'd be done for. \n> もし今 **この瞬間** 上司が入ってきたら、一巻の終わりだ。 \n> もし今 **ここで** 上司が入ってきたら、一巻の終わりだ。 (an advanced idiom, isn't it :)\n>\n> [It's] **right** over there. \n> **すぐ** そこです。\n\n* * *\n\n**PS**\n\nCalling out \"right over here\" doesn't need any \"right\" in Japanese. We just\nsay ここ or こっち.",
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{
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"body": "Out of sheer curiosity I was wondering why 瞬く is read as またたく but 瞬き is read\nas まばたき.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-02T13:52:21.843",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"readings"
],
"title": "why is the reading of 瞬く and 瞬き not the same?",
"view_count": 671
} | [
{
"body": "> 瞬く is read as またたく but 瞬き is read as まばたき\n\nis an over-simplification.\n\n瞬く has three (or four) possible kun'yomi.\n\n * [またたく](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/208303/meaning/m0u/): _[eyes] blink (once); [light sources] turn on and off or pulsate (e.g. blink, twinkle, flicker...)_\n * [まばたく](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/209365/meaning/m0u/): _[eyes] blink (once)_\n * [しばたたく](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/99886/meaning/m0u/): _[eyes] blink (rapidly in a row); blink (in surprise) at_\n * [しばたく](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/99880/meaning/m0u/): variant of しばたたく\n\nThus, the nominalized form 瞬き also has as many readings.\n\n * またたき\n * まばたき\n * しばたたき\n * しばたき\n\nThe interesting fact is that, noun forms are ranked by frequency as:\n\n> **まばたき** > またたき > しばたき >= しばたたく\n\nwhile verb forms are:\n\n> またたく > **まばたく** > しばたく >= しばたたく\n\nWhy this happens? Undoubtedly まばたき is the most common word for \"eye blink\",\nbut the verb まばたく is not a very useful word in modern Japanese, because it\nmeans \" _an eye_ blinks\" (see above) rather than \" _a person_ blinks (their\neyes)\". For the latter meaning we say まばたき（を）する, and this is a fairly common\nphrase.\n\nIn this sense, you might expect 瞬く more _likely_ to be read またたく, and 瞬き more\n_likely_ まばたき, but they are by no means the only reading of the each.\n\n> 星の瞬（またた）き _twinkling of stars_\n\n* * *\n\n**Follow-up**\n\nBelow is the frequencies each word form appears in the\n[BCCWJ](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/) corpus.\n\n * **nouns**\n\n * またたき: ≥ 38*\n * まばたき: ≤ 384*\n * しばたたき + しばたき: ≥ 0 \n* The raw results of まばたき was 398, but contains at least 14 obvious mistagging for またたき or perhaps しばたたき (due to homography).\n * **dictionary forms**\n\n * またたく: ≥ 350† (an idiom 瞬【またた】く間【ま】に takes up around 80%)\n * まばたく: ≥ 4†\n * しばたたく + しばたく: ≤ 8† \n† The raw results of しばたたく was 183, but contains at least 174 obvious\nmistagging for またたく or まばたく and 1 mistokenization.\n\n * **causatives**\n\n * またたかせる: 4 ± 2‡\n * まばたかせる: 3 ± 2‡\n * しばたたかせる + しばたかせる: ≤ 54‡ \n‡ Again, 3 possible mistagging for またたく or まばたく.\n\nSo you might also expect 瞬かせる to be read しばた（た）かせる, if you want.",
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{
"body": "> 1. （A）まばたくー （B）まばたき\n> 2. （A）またたくー （B）またたき\n>\n\n>\n> where (A) is a verb and (B) is a noun.\n\nI think that the use of these words depends on the generation and the dialect\nvery much, therefore what is written from now on is my personal opinion.\n\nGenerally group 1 is used to describe the blink of eyes, on the other hand\ngroup 2 is used to describe the fluctuation of emitted light from objects such\nas stars, fishing boat equipped with fishing lamps, candles, etc.\n\nAs the Japanese word for the set phrase \"in a very short time\", またたくまに is used\nbut まばたくまに is not.\n\nAs for しばたく/しばたたく and しばたき/しばたたき which are described in broccoli forest's\nanswer, I have rarely said or heard them said; a very little use frequency of\nthem is also written in the follow-up survey in the answer.\n\n**The etymology**\n\nThe verb _matataku_ (瞬｛またた｝く) is made of _ma_ and _tataku_ (叩{たた}く) where _ma_\nmeans eye (目{め}) and _tataku_ (叩{たた}く) means to strike, so _matataku_\n(瞬{またた}く) literally means to strike eyes (with eyelids), then _matataku_\n(瞬{またた}く) means to blink eyes. As for _mabataku_ (瞬{まばた}く), ma means _me_\n(目{め}), and _bataku_ is an euphonic change from _hataku_ (叩{はた}く) which means\nstrike. Therefore _matataku_ (瞬{またた}く) and _mabataku_ (瞬{まばた}く) have the\nalmost same origin derived from the same motion of blinking eyes.\n\nOn the other hand, _shibataku_ (しばたく) has different etymology; it is derived\nfrom _shiba_ (しば) and _tataku_ (叩{たた}く). _shiba_ (しば) is abbreviated from\n_shibashiba_ (屡/屢{しばしば}) which is an adverb meaning often or many times. Hence\nthe whole meaning of _shibatataku_ (しばたたく) is to strike often. Originally\n_shibatataku_ (しばたたく) was used as the phrase \" _me wo sibashiba tatataku_\n(目{め}をしばしば叩{たた}く)\" which means to strike eyes often (with eyelids).\n\nSo if we trace the word, we found out that the original phrase gradually\nturned to the present form as: \n\" _me wo shibashiba tataku_ \" → \" _shibashiba tataku_ \" → \" _shiba tataku_ \" →\n\" _shibataku_ \" → (it becomes nearly an obsolete word now.)\n\n* * *\n\nI'll show you the intonations of the words in the following illustration.\nBefore that the rules of accent or intonation of a Japanese word are like:\n\n> 1) Accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in\n> a word. \n> 2) Intonation is a pattern of rise and fall in the level/pitch of the\n> voice. \n> 3) Emphasis is produced through pitch alone, so it is called pitch accent. \n> 4) Largely, words are divided into two groups whether there is an accent or\n> not. \n> 5) The accent given to the emphasized syllable is called an accent nucleus. \n> 6) Pitch falls after the accent nucleus. \n> 7) Unless the first syllable is an accent nucleus, there is a rise of pitch\n> after the first syllable of a word.\n\nI'll show you how the intonation lines written in red in the illustration are\ndecided by the rules. \nAs for まばたく, we give an accent to た which is called an accent nucleus by the\nrule 5), so by the rule 6) the pitch becomes to fall from た to く, then the\nintonation around たく becomes like まば[たく]{HL}. And by the rule 7) the\nintonation around まば becomes like [まば]{LH}たく, so the whole intonation becomes\n[まばたく]{LHHL}.\n\nAs for accent nucleus, ば in まばたき and the second た in またたく become the accent\nnucleus of each word, and またたき has not it. And after applying the rule 6) and\nthe rule 7) to these words, each intonation becomes like this respectively. \n[まばたき]{LHLL}, [またたく]{LHHL} and [またたき]{LHHH}\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/D1Clu.jpg)",
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| 47022 | 47043 | 47024 |
{
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"body": "According to\n[Weblio](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%8C%E4%BD%95%E3%81%8B),\n「それ **が** なにか（問題）」 is similar to \"So what\", e.g.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SlFqW.png)\n\nI'm wondering why the topic marker 「は」, as in 「それ **は** なに」, is not used here.\n\nAfter all, \" **As to** that, is there any thing wrong\" sounds very close to\n\"So what\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T16:09:01.640",
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"id": "47025",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "「それがなにか」 v.s. 「それはなにか」",
"view_count": 683
} | [
{
"body": "`それがなにか` is a shorthand of `それがなにかしましたか` or `それがなにか気に障りましたか`. It roughly\ntranslates to \"Does that bother you?\" or \"You have a problem with that?\", and\nis always used defensively.\n\nIn this instance, it translates to: \"I'm not married. Does that bother you?\"\nor \"I'm not married. You have a problem with that?\". The underlying context is\nthat in Japan, there is a social stigma against the unmarried (particularly\ntowards women), and the author is taking a jab at that, so to say. You\ntherefore have to be careful when you use this expression, as it can be seen\nas being aggressive.\n\nOn the other hand, `それは何か` simply asks what it is.\n\n**EDIT** :\n\n> Then the question turns into: why does one not say 「それはなにかしましたか」 or\n> 「それはなにか気に障りましたか」 and use 「それはなにか」 as a shorthand?\n\nI'm not a linguist so this is how I understand it as a native speaker. By\nusing `が`, it refers to a concrete instance. E.g. it sounds odd to say\n`太郎は何かしましたか` because `は` implies it's asking about a characteristic, yet by\nasking what he did it seems to be referring to a concrete instance. It would\ntranslate to: `Did Taro do some unspecified activity (as opposed to not doing\nanything)`, which is not ungrammatical but an odd question. In contrast,\n`太郎が何かしましたか` translates to `Did Taro do something specific (that bothers\nyou)`.\n\n**EDIT2** :\n\n> Is there any natural question expression that can start with 「太郎は」? If so,\n> how should one discriminate the questions that should be asked with 「太郎は」\n> and the questions that should be asked with 「太郎が」?\n\n「太郎は歯を磨きましたか？」sounds very natural, but 「太郎が歯を磨きましたか？」 sounds odd (!). I don't\nthink I can provide a comprehensive explanation as I can't quite pin down\nmyself why this is. 「太郎は酒が好きですか？」 is also very natural, whereas 「太郎が酒が好きですか？」\nis wrong. This question might help: [What's the difference between wa (は) and\nga (が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/22/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-wa-%E3%81%AF-and-ga-%E3%81%8C) Apparently books were written on this\nvery subject so... Many non-native Japanese speakers I know, who practiced the\nlanguage for decades make these mistakes so I suppose it's a really hard\ntopic.",
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| 47025 | null | 47027 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47044",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If you say お前…なぁ(Omae… nā: you...) what is it that you're trying to say?\n\nContext: A girl cuts ties with her best friend, telling her it's because she's\nselfish.\n\nMy doubt: なぁ could indicate a strong sentiment because they split apart or\nmaybe she's saying the real reason is that it's for her own good (and not\nbeing selfish as she had explained).\n\nSo it could be:\n\n> You, I wonder...\n\nOR\n\n> You, (strong sentiment because they're not friends anymore).\n\nI don't even know if it's actually true that it's because she's selfish.\nUnless that particle somehow denies its credibility it would mean that she's\nsimply selfish.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-02T22:27:43.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47028",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "What does お前…なぁ indicate?",
"view_count": 321
} | [
{
"body": "お前 and なぁ (said own its own) are both regarded as masculine words, although\nthere can be exceptions. [かなぁ can mean \"I\nwonder\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32343/5010), but here なぁ is said\nby itself, separated by the ellipsis. So it doesn't mean \"I wonder\".\n\nなぁ like this is usually somewhere between \"you know what\", \"oh please\", and\n\"come on\". The speaker is somehow dissatisfied about something, and expecting\nthe listener to understand his/her feeling. Since the context is not enough I\ndon't know what this sentence actually refers to. For example, if this was\nsaid by a male person who heard the girl's story, it probably means he was\ndisappointed by what the girl did.",
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| 47028 | 47044 | 47044 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been keeping a journal in Japanese, and recently I wrote a paragraph\nabout something I was planning to do, and then after I had done it, I wrote\nanother paragraph about how it went. I wanted to write something along the\nlines of \"It's later now.\" at the start of the second paragraph, to indicate\nthat there was a break in time between the first and second paragraph. I came\nup with two possibilities, but I'm not sure if either sounds correct, much\nless natural:\n\n * 後{あと}だ。\n * 今{いま}の方{ほう}が遅{おそ}い。\n\nWhat is the most natural way to express this?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-02T23:59:25.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Most natural way to express \"It's later now.\"",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "I doubt 後だ or 今の方が遅い will work. And I cannot think of a short phrase that\nlooks similar and can be used in this context. Instead, you can:\n\n 1. Just place a enough space or a horizontal line, and explain time has passed. (e.g. \"前の文を書いてから5時間経った。\", \"そんなわけで実際に行ってきた。\", \"今これを書いているのはお店から帰ってきた後だ。\") Here そんなわけで is used as an introductory conjunction similar to \"So, ...\".\n 2. Use 追記, 追加, 続き, optionally with the actual time (e.g, \"21:05 追記\")",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-03T08:31:18.270",
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]
| 47029 | 47040 | 47040 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47041",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence is 例えば外食時、定食屋さんでとても美味しいご飯をたべたとする。\n\nI've looked at some other answered questions which explain how とする, when\nappended to a verb expresses quitting an old action and starting a new one.\nHowever I can't understand it in this case, because it seems odd that it would\nbe used in the past tense.\n\nDoes it take on a different meaning if the verb is in the past tense?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T01:28:26.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-03T02:16:48.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "what is the meaning of a た形の動詞 ＋ とする",
"view_count": 612
} | [
{
"body": "`clause + とする` can mean \"assume ～\", \"suppose ～\", \"regard ～\", \"let ～\", etc. So\nthe sentence means \"Suppose you eat ...\"\n\nExamples and explanations are found on the following sites:\n\n * [Hypothesizing and Concluding | Learn Japanese](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/reasoning)\n * [とする (tosuru) | JGram - The Japanese Grammar database](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=tosuru)\n\nThe ta-form is [used in combination of many hypothetical or conditional\nexpressions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/393/5010). I think this ta-\nform is for denoting the perfect aspect, not the past tense. 定食屋さんでご飯をたべるとする\nrefers to what you would think/plan/do before eating a meal (e.g., choosing a\ngood restaurant). 定食屋さんでご飯をたべたとする refers to what you would think/do at a\nmealtime or after the meal (e.g., paying with a credit card).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-03T09:13:20.100",
"id": "47041",
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]
| 47030 | 47041 | 47041 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was in class the other day and my せんせい was teaching us about using ぐらい\n(gurai) as in ...どの ぐらい かかりますか (how long will it take), and mentioned another\nform of ぐらい being ごろ (goro), and never elaborated on how or when to use it.\nCan anyone explain it to me?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T03:44:07.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47032",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "When on earth do you use ごろ (goro)?",
"view_count": 23749
} | [
{
"body": "In English, ～ぐらい and ～ごろ mean _about, around, approximately_.\n\n 1. ～ぐらい is used for approximate quantities, which include duration.\n\n 1. このXはいくら **ぐらい** ですか。 _ **About** how much is this X?_ \nそのXは５００円 **ぐらい** です。 _That X is **about** 500 yen_.\n\n 2. 六時間 **ぐらい** 図書館にいました。 _I was at the library for **about** 6 hours._\n 2. ～ごろ is used for approximate points in time, with an optional に.\n\n 1. 八時 **ごろ** （に）公園に来ました。 _I came to the park **around** 8._\n 2. 六時 **ごろ** 帰ります。 _I will return **around** 6._\n\nYou cannot use ～ごろ in 1. Some people use ～ぐらいに in 2, but I do not know enough\nto comment further on that usage.\n\nBy the way, I think 「どのぐらいかかりますか」 is more accurately \" **About** how long will\nit take?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T04:58:31.517",
"id": "47033",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-03T06:52:50.333",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 17
}
]
| 47032 | null | 47033 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47039",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been looking all over for the response but in 夢(dream) what does the\nbottom part right below the three little squares mean or say??",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T05:37:12.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47034",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-14T00:13:17.507",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-14T00:13:17.507",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "21994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What does the bottom part of 夢 mean, right under the 3 squares?",
"view_count": 247
} | [
{
"body": "* [This page](http://www.chineseetymology.org/CharacterEtymology.aspx?characterInput=%E5%A4%A2) says it's a bed or a sleeping person.\n * [This page](http://www.slownet.ne.jp/sns/area/culture/reading/kodai/201002031622-2000001.html) says it's a 被せ物 (cover, veil).\n\nAs for the uppermost part (⺾), some say [it's\ngrass](https://okjiten.jp/kanji172.html#a), some say [it's horns of a\nsheep](http://www.slownet.ne.jp/sns/area/culture/reading/kodai/201002031622-2000001.html),\nsome say [it's\neyelash](http://lcprichi.hkbu.edu.hk/search/show_word.php?id=568). The pages\nI've seen so far consistently say that the \"squares\" (⺫) part refers to 目\n(eye).\n\nIt's often very difficult or impossible to determine the etymology of each\nkanji. We have [the shapes of some old variants of this\nkanji](http://www.chineseetymology.org/CharacterEtymology.aspx?characterInput=%E5%A4%A2),\nbut people today can only speculate it's meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-03T08:06:25.217",
"id": "47039",
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{
"body": "「夢{む}」(Baxter-Sagart OC: **/*C.məŋ-s/** ) is decomposed into semantic「夕」(\n_evening_ ). The other part of the character is a phonetic hint.\n\n> The other part of the character is\n>\n> `[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5bSN6.png)`\n>\n> with slightly altered strokes (such that the bottom appears as「冖」). The\n> functionality of this part derives from a graphically reduced form\n> of「蔑{めち}」( **/*mˤet/** ). To see the graphical connection, remove「戈」from「蔑」.\n>\n> This part is a depiction of a person「儿・人」with their head ( _eyes_ 「目」and\n> _eyebrows_ 「卝」) exaggerated. It (and by extension「夢」) does not contain\n> _grass_ 「⺾」or _cover_ 「冖」, which are graphical coincidences in the modern\n> Japanese form.\n>\n> 「{{zh-HK:夢}}」normally appears with「卝」in Traditional Chinese, not「⺾」.\n\n* * *\n\nFor reference, character evolution sequence:\n\n * Obsolete shape:\n\n`[商](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty) \n[甲](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/v2qUu.png) \n[甲](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)・690 \n[合集32212](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=32212&jgwfl=)`` \n[隸定](https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E9%9A%B6%E5%AE%9A) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/U7iCj.png) \n \n`\n\nThe character on the left is, component-wise, equivalent to the character on\nthe right minus「宀」and「夕」. The left-hand-side component,「爿{しょう}」, is a picture\nof a bed, and this word is now written as「床{しょう}」. The whole character is a\npicture of a person with an exaggerated head sleeping on a bed.\n\n * Modern character:\n\n`[戰國](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_period)・[晉](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_\\(Chinese_state\\)) \n兵器文字 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PElu6.png) \n卅四年頓丘命戈 \n``戰國・[楚](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_\\(state\\)) \n[簡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_and_wooden_slips)・[帛](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_Silk_Manuscript) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5SSJL.png) \n甲篇・1.69 \n長沙子彈庫楚帛書``今 \n[楷](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NoNQv.png) \n \n`\n\n* * *\n\n**References:**\n\n * 季旭昇《說文新證》\n * [小學堂](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/)\n * [國學大師](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/)\n * [郭沫若《甲骨文合集》](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-13T23:41:32.507",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 47034 | 47039 | 47039 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47036",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Out of the following two sentences, which one is more natural to say \"I ended\nup eating all ice-cream\"?\n\n> 結局はアイスクリームを全部食べた。\n>\n> アイスクリームを全部食べてしまった。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T05:44:59.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47035",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "Are 結局 and てしまう equivalent in terms of expressing \"end up doing something\"?",
"view_count": 333
} | [
{
"body": "To use 結局, there has to be some time for hesitation, consideration, struggle,\netc., before the action. It focuses on the circumstances before the action was\ndone. It's similar to \"after all\" in English.\n\n> * 太りそうなので5分考えたが、結局はアイスクリームを全部食べた。\n> * 1か月勉強したが、結局試験に落ちた。\n>\n\n～てしまった can indicate something was simply undesirable, or something was\nregrettable as an afterthought.\n\n> * 兄のものとは知らず、冷蔵庫のアイスクリームを食べてしまった。\n> * 今朝、交通事故を目撃してしまった。\n>\n\nYou can use 結局 and ～てしまった at the same time.\n\n> * 太りそうなので5分考えたが、結局はアイスクリームを全部食べてしまった。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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]
| 47035 | 47036 | 47036 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74524",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "There are four distinct cases of 未然形+う:\n[intention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intention), plus three of [irrealis\nmoods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrealis_mood):\n[hortative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hortative),\n[dubitative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubitative_mood),\n[presumptive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presumptive_mood), . Very often\nJapanese grammar books refer to all of them as **volitional form**. Linguistic\n[volition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volition_\\(linguistics\\)) is defined\nsemantically or syntactically, or combination of the two. So, 未然形+う is clearly\nmorphological phenomena and therefore cannot be called **volitional**. If one\nmust call it that way the actual term should be\n[volitive](http://wikidiff.com/volition/volitive) (one of the irrealis moods),\nbut it cannot be called such because it does not correspond to the usage of\n未然形+う.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T06:27:40.033",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"terminology"
],
"title": "Why do English speaking learners of Japanese use term \"volitional\" to refer to 未然形+う?",
"view_count": 753
} | [
{
"body": "I would say probably because such a piece of grammar doesn't exist in English\nin the exact same way it does in Japanese, therefore there is no one word to\ndescribe it perfectly. You could explain it more precisely, but that would in\ntern make it more complex. Normally something more complex wouldn't be taught\nuntil later on in the learning of the language, but, this grammar being so\ncommon and integral in basic speech patterns, has to be somewhat simplified\njust to help people get their foot in the door. The same way that the usage of\nだ/です is in reality much more complicated than it's normally explained; you\ncan't jump right into something like that. And really, for all intents and\npurposes, it's fine without going so deep.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T14:42:33.360",
"id": "47050",
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},
{
"body": "I think @rgolden has a very good point about simplifying a complex grammatical\nconcept for beginners. If the authors of a Japanese grammar book are linguists\n(and I assume you are specifically referring to books where the intended\naudience speak English as a primary or secondary language), using technical\nterms to describe differences that many native English speakers cannot readily\nidentify would not be very helpful. If the authors are not linguists, then\nit's possible they are just misinformed.\n\nIn the end, the result is the same: The learner is introduced to a common\ngrammatical construction in a way that they can readily understand and apply.\nIf the learner is interested in going deeper, they will eventually need to\nconsult Japanese grammar books written for Japanese speakers.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T20:50:12.483",
"id": "47052",
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},
{
"body": "**Volition** , both in the vernacular and in the specifics of academic\nterminology, is about **intent**.\n\nHortative\n\n * The example above is about the speaker stating their intent to do something together with the listener. \n\n> Let's go! \n> 行きましょう！\n\nDubitative\n\n * The dubitative example seems more of a suggesting hortative, as there isn't anything being doubted: \n\n> Shall we go? \n> 行きましょうか。\n\n... but if we extend that to a person talking to themselves, such as\n「今日買い物に行こうかな」, that is still about intent.\n\nPresumptive\n\n * This does appear to be a distinct sense, separate from any question of intent. \n\n> He is probably a teacher. \n> 多分先生でしょう。\n\nIntentive / Intentional\n\n * Separately from the examples in the comments above, there's also the straightforward intentional use case. \n\n> 今晩テレビ見よう [と思う]。\n\nSo we have three use cases about intent, and one about supposition or\npresumption. It is thus not surprising that English-language materials often\ncall this form the **volitional**. See also the Wikipedia article about\nJapanese verbs, specifically [the section that describes the\nvolitional](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation#Volitional,_presumptive,_or_hortative).\nThis includes mention of the conjectural and hortative uses mentioned in the\ninitial post.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-21T01:22:54.420",
"id": "74524",
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}
]
| 47037 | 74524 | 47050 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47042",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I noticed that in the word 子牛 both \"o\" and \"u\" are pronounced while in the\nword 格子 there is a long \"ō\" and they are, respectively, written in rōmaji\n(Hepburn romanization) koushi and kōshi. What I'd like to ask you is if: 1) in\nMiddle Japanese the diphthong \"ou\" was reduced to \"ō\" only when the two vowels\nwere part of the same syllable (like in 格子) 2) the reduction happened only in\nkango and waseigo or it happened also in some yamato kotoba",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T07:12:16.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47038",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-03T07:31:40.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "15867",
"owner_user_id": "15867",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"history",
"phonology"
],
"title": "Reduction of the diphthong \"ou\" to \"ō\" in Middle and Modern Japanese",
"view_count": 1241
} | [
{
"body": "# Is coalescence blocked between syllables?\n\nNo, coalescence also occurs between syllables, and even involving vowels from\ndifferent morphemes. In fact it's not clear whether /ou/ was even a diphthong\nto being with; it's quite possible that it only ever existed as a hiatus. In\nmodern Tokyo Japanese probably only /ai/, /oi/ and /ui/ are actual diphthongs\n(every vowel sequence ending in -u needs another syllable for it; they\ncoalesce nonetheless).\n\n# Was historical coalescence restricted to _kango_ words?\n\nNo, it happened throughout the entire lexicon. Primitive Japanese had no\nsequential vowels, so _yamato-kotoba_ examples aren't as plentiful as _kango_\n; but some vowel sequences did emerge later, and among them, /ou/ did coalesce\ninto /o:/. For example, * _saso-pu_ → _saso-u_ → _sasō_.\n\nNotice that /au/ also coalesced into /o:/, so that /au/ and /ou/ merged.\nDiphthongs in /-i/, by contrast, were resistant and survived to this day. So\n_hayau_ → _hayō_ but _hayai_ → _hayai_.\n\nRegarding questions raised in the comment thread:\n\n# Is coalescence blocked between morphemes? What about words?\n\nConsider:\n\n * Conclusive (終止形) suffix -u: _saso-u_ /saso:/\n * Adjectival suffix -u: _samuk-aro-u_ /samukaro:/\n * 御宇 _gyo-u_ /gyo:/\n * 如雨露 _jo-u-ro_ /Zo:ro/\n\nBy contrast:\n\n * 子牛 _ko-usi_ /kousi/\n * 小唄 _ko-uta_ /kouta/\n * 壇ノ浦 _dan-no-ura_ /daNnoura/\n * 選挙運動 _senkyo-undō_ /seNkjoundo:/\n * 左顧右眄 _sako-uben_ /sakouben/\n\nFor the purposes of coalescence, compound words (words made of two free words)\ncount as \"different words\". So a word like _usi_ or _uta_ won't lose its _u-_\n, but a bound suffix might.\n\nNotice that this is consistent with other forms of coalescence in Japanese. So\n_au_ > _ō_ regardless of whether it was found in native Japanese or Sinitic\nwords, and across morpheme boundaries ( _haya-u → hayō_ ), but not across word\nboundaries ( _matu-ga-ura_ → _matu-ga-ura_ ). Even other sound changes behave\nsimilarly; 買ひ → _ka-wi_ → _ka-i_ (cross-morpheme lenition) vs. 朝日 → _asa-hi_\n(no cross-word lenition).\n\n# What about words like 降雨 or 堂宇?\n\nThe final -u doesn't coalesce: /ko:u/, /do:u/. However, the previous /o:/ is\nalready long, so they wouldn't coalesce anyway (/o::/ isn't a legal coda).\n\n# Does coalescence behavior differ between _yamato-kotoba_ and _kango_ words?\n\nFrom the above, it seems like not (except indirectly, insofar as diphthongs\nare rare in _yamato-kotoba_ and free-word compounds are plentiful).\n\n**Sources:**\n\n * Kubozono, _Diphthongs and vowel coalescence_ (in: _The Handbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology_ )\n * Kenkyūsha's Japanese-English dictionary, for pronunciation guides.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T10:21:58.647",
"id": "47042",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-20T09:34:49.657",
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{
"body": "> 1) in Middle Japanese the diphthong \"ou\" was reduced to \"ō\" only when the\n> two vowels were part of the same syllable (like in 格子)\n\nI think what you mean is \"the same morpheme\", because that's the difference\ntells 子牛 from 格子. This is a part of four sound shifts have taken place in\nparallel.\n\n * //au// → //ɔː// → //oː//\n * //iu// → //yuː//\n * //eu// → //yoː//\n * //ou// → //oː//\n\nThis sound shift has had effect mostly inside a morpheme with a few\nexceptions, but most of those exceptions are eventually reverted in today's\nlanguage. Some examples of surviving exceptional outcomes are:\n\n * the volitional suffix: 行かむ //yuka-mu// → 行こう //ikoː//, 出でむ //ide-mu// → //(i)dyoː// (→ leveled to 出よう //deyoː//) etc.\n * -うと/-うど pseudo-suffix series: 素人 //sira-bito// → //siraudo// → //siroːto//, 玄人 //kuro-bito// → //kuroudo// → //kuroːto// etc.\n * 酔ふ //weɸ-u// → //eu// → //yoː// (→ leveled to 酔う //yo-u//)\n * 言ふ //iɸ-u// → //iu// → //yuː// (deemed non-standard now)\n\nIn fact, 格子 has never been pronounced like //kousi// despite its modern\nspelling, because its actual historical development is //kakusi// → //kausi//\n→ //kɔːsi// → //koːsi//. The reason it's spelled こうし is because the [Modern\nKana Orthography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_kana_usage) defines\nthat all historical おう, おふ, あう, あふ that pronounced as //oː// should be\nreplaced with おう.\n\n> 2) the reduction happened only in kango and waseigo or it happened also in\n> some yamato kotoba\n\nThis sound change affected all qualified diphthongs regardless of kango or\nwago (yamato-kotoba), but since such combinations are rare in native Japanese\nwords, the great portion of the effect was seemingly exerted on kango.\n\n * 塔 (kango) //taɸu// → //tau// → //toː//\n * 尊き (wago) //taɸuto-ki// → //tauto-i// → 尊い //toːto-i//\n\nBut some wago apparently showed some degree of resistance.\n\n * 倒るる //taɸur-uru// → //taur-uru// → 倒れる //taore-ru// \ncf. 放る //ɸaɸur-u// → //ɸaur-u// → //hoːr-u//",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-03T12:15:55.293",
"id": "47045",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 47038 | 47042 | 47042 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47049",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the sentence 最後の言葉の時だけほんの少し俯いたけど when she says she got depressed or\ndisappointed, it refers to how many words of the last sentence she said (or\nmaybe the whole sentence as she had said 3 long sentences in a row).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T13:07:43.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47046",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21991",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "In this sentence she gets depressed/disappointed when she says the last sentence or just the last words?",
"view_count": 79
} | [
{
"body": "Generally, when someone is emotionally affected by 最後の言葉, it means not the\nexact the last word, but the last whole sentence or some of last sentences\nwhich convey one meaningful content.\n\nWe use the similar expression like this as\n\n> 結婚式{けっこんしき}で新婦{しんぷ}はお父{とう}さんの **最後{さいご}の言葉{ことば}**\n> の時{とき}だけ少{すこ}し涙{なみだ}が出{で}た.\n\nIn this case general translation will be like;\n\n> The bride cried a little only at **the last part of her father's speech** at\n> the wedding ceremony.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T14:36:27.050",
"id": "47049",
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47046",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 47046 | 47049 | 47049 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47051",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If someone asks me if I speak Japanese, in English I would answer \"I speak\nvery little Japanese\", but what would be a proper way of saying this in\nJapanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T14:30:24.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47048",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-03T23:35:24.337",
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"owner_user_id": "19174",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "How can I say \"I speak very little Japanese\"?",
"view_count": 95954
} | [
{
"body": "If you really want them to understand that you are a beginner, better not use\nanything too sophisticated. I think that a simple\n\n> 私{わたし}は日本{にほん}語{ご}が下手{へた}です。 \n> Watashi wa nihongo ga heta desu.\n\nwould be good for this situation.\n\nIf you don't want to say that your Japanese is poor, you can dodge it with\n\n> * 私は日本語が上手{うま}くないです。\n> * 日本語が少{すこ}しだけ話{はな}せます。 (thanks Felipe Oliveira)\n>",
"comment_count": 15,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T14:44:27.070",
"id": "47051",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "There is something very peculiar about trying to find ever more elegant ways\nof saying \"I don't speak much Japanese.\" Learning a language is about coming\nto understand what people say to you (without \"thinking\", or \"translating in\nyour head\"), and finding yourself being able to reply because you know what to\nsay (again, without calculation). My suggestion is:\n\n> 日本語{にほんご}(は)、少{すこ}し(...)\n\nYou only need to understand (internally, really understand) three things here:\n_nihongo_ and _sukoshi_ you probably do already, and は(wa) is a topic marker.\nThe topic here is not you, it is Japanese, since that's what we are talking\nabout; this means \"With regard to the topic of Japanese, 'not much'\".\n\nHere's a transcript of an actual conversation which occurred the other day in\na local hospital:\n\n> Doctor's assistant: 日本語{にほんご}は大丈夫{だいじょうぶ}ですか\n>\n> Me: 大丈夫{だいじょうぶ}です\n\nThis is much more natural for two reasons: No watashi-anata stuff, which is\nnot about learning Japanese, more about learning \"translated English\". And an\noddity of English: When we say \"Do you speak German?\" we really mean \"Do you\nunderstand German?\" In Japanese (and probably many other languages) it is more\nnatural to say \"分かりますか？\", and if you really know almost no Japanese, the\nfollowing is more useful to memorise as a sentence:\n\n> 日本語{にほんご}は分{わ}かりません\n>\n> Literally \"I do not understand Japanese\"; English \"I don't speak Japanese\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-04T06:25:19.230",
"id": "47058",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "7717",
"parent_id": "47048",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 47048 | 47051 | 47051 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47057",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I stumbled upon this way of referring to women that was apparently used in\npre-war Japan。I can't remember where I found it, or what was said about it's\nname or purpose, just that it went something like this:\n\n1) Take a girls name, let's say 柿子(カキ・コ)。\n\n2) Remove the suffix syllable, in this 子、making 柿(カキ)。\n\n3) Lastly, append a prefixing お、making お柿(オ・カキ)。\n\nNot 100% sure if I got that right, but if I did: what exactly is this form\ncalled? When was it used? And, what kind of relationship does it describe?\n\nAlso, would 日本人 today know about this form, or is it quite niche?\n\nUpdate: Found the reference I originally got this from, [go to the 'female\nnames' section of this wiki page, near the\nbottom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese); also,\nit's pre-war Japan, not specifically 江戸時代。\n\nWith this, could ya'll elaborate on what it's describing, as the article in\nquestion gives no names, and only a rough, un-nuanced explanation.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T21:13:55.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47053",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-04T10:03:46.393",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-04T03:48:13.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "17968",
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"names",
"honorifics",
"archaic-language"
],
"title": "What is this archaic female honorific form called, and what relationship does it describe?",
"view_count": 458
} | [
{
"body": "In the Edo period and the early Meiji period, prefixing a name with お was\ncommon but ～子 was not.\n\n * [Prefix お for names - how is it used?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15738/5010)\n\nIf a girl's real name was かき, for example, she introduced herself saying \"(I\nam) かき\", and other people called her おかき. While naming ～子 for common people\ngradually became popular in the early 20th century, calling them お～ became\nunpopular and outdated.\n\nIn those days there must be people whose real names were ～子 and whose\nnicknames were お～, but it's not a single phenomenon as you described.\n\nI'm not aware of the specific name for this convention.\n\n**EDIT:** Ordinary Japanese people recognize this as an old naming convention.\nIt's often seen in samurai TV dramas and anime. For example\n[おしん](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oshin) and [おキヌ](http://gs-\nmikami.wikia.com/wiki/Kinu_Himuro). But modern people may tend to regard お not\nas a prefix but as a part of her name. People today sometimes also add\n-さん/-ちゃん (おしんさん,\n[おキヌちゃん](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%AD%E3%83%8C%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%93))\nbecause calling someone おキヌ would sound like impolite 呼び捨て to modern speakers.\nI think I mostly see お- names in dramas set in the 15 to early 20 centuries,\nbut I'm not very sure how it was used in reality.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T02:56:23.087",
"id": "47057",
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"score": 5
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| 47053 | 47057 | 47057 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47056",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "無理矢理 is translated as [forcibly; against one's\nwill](http://tangorin.com/general/%E7%84%A1%E7%90%86%E7%9F%A2%E7%90%86). Does\nthe following sentence mean that \"I entered the room against my will\" or \"I\nforced myself into the room\"?\n\n> 無理矢理に部屋に入った。\n\nIn case it means \"I forced myself into the room\", then 無理矢理 applied to the\nroom. \"Room\" is an inanimate object. Can 無理矢理 be used with inanimate objects?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-03T23:11:35.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47055",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-04T03:59:46.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "Can 無理矢理 be used with inanimate objects?",
"view_count": 173
} | [
{
"body": "無理矢理 means _forcibly_ and can be safely used with inanimate objects. In that\ncase you can just forget the translation \"against one's will\". See [examples\non ALC](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E7%84%A1%E7%90%86%E3%82%84%E3%82%8A).\n\nAnd why did you think \"無理矢理 applied to the room\"? This 無理矢理に modifies 入る\nbecause it's a standalone adverb.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T02:26:24.300",
"id": "47056",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "47055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 47055 | 47056 | 47056 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47060",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I see three different words when I look up \"walk\". Can someone explain why\nthere are two and why one would be used instead of the other?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T07:16:34.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47059",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-08T20:23:20.363",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "20633",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ayumu, sanpo and aruku?",
"view_count": 8976
} | [
{
"body": "> Difference between ayumu, sanpo and aruku\n\n_aruku_ (歩｛ある｝く) is a general term for _to walk_.\n\n_ayumu_ (歩｛あゆ｝む) is a little old-fashioned expression for _to walk_ ,\nespecially _to walk step by step_ , and it has a unique and something moral\nmeanings different from _aruku_ such as _to make progress to a certain\ndestination_.\n\nAs for _sanpo_ (散歩｛さんぽ｝), it is a noun which means _a constitutional walk_ or\n_a walk for relaxation_. \nTo make a _sanpo_ (散歩｛さんぽ｝) a verb _suru_ (する) is attached like _sanpo-suru_\n(散歩｛さんぽ｝する).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T07:55:08.877",
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47059",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
]
| 47059 | 47060 | 47060 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47063",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Reading a novel and there's a part of a sentence that I don't quite\nunderstand. For context, the person speaking is at a small party, being\ncompletely drunk while speaking to this fit, sober woman.\n\nThe speaker is also imitating another person here who tends to speak\narchaically and very arrogantly. Here is the whole line:\n\n>\n> 「見通す悪魔が宣言しよう。なんじ、一人シラフで呆れた顔をしている力ごぶ娘よ。アルコールは分解するのにたんぱく質を必要とするもの。今すぐお酒をたくさん飲めば、悩みのカチカチ筋肉が少しはやわこくなるであろう。」\n\nThe part that I don't understand is the last sentence,\n\n> 悩みのカチカチ筋肉が少しはやわこくなるであろう。\n\nThere is some talk about 'stiff muscles of trouble' but that's pretty much all\nI can understand. The やわこく part is especially confusing as I have no idea what\nthat could mean.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T11:43:15.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47061",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-04T17:09:59.347",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-04T17:09:59.347",
"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": "21932",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"dialects",
"archaic-language"
],
"title": "The meaning of やわこく in archaic dialog",
"view_count": 838
} | [
{
"body": "I think やわこく comes from [柔{やわ}い](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%9F%94%E3%81%84) +\n[こい](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%93%E3%81%84), so the muscles will become\n\"full of weakness/softness\". -こい can also be understood as \"having the\nproperty of something\". 柔い itself isn't normally used, so in this case the\nword is a dialectal form (Sendai) of\n[柔らかい](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%9F%94%E3%82%89%E3%81%8B%E3%81%84) as pointed\nout in other answers.\n\nIn the previous sentences, there is talk about alcohol metabolism requiring\nprotein, and drinking a lot of it will weaken the strongly built woman's\nmuscles.\n\n> 悩みのカチカチ筋肉が少しはやわこくなるであろう。 \n> _The stiff muscles that trouble you will become a bit weaker._\n\nIt could also be in a positive sense because muscles stiff of trouble is not a\ngood thing. Replace weak with \"soft\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T12:19:00.583",
"id": "47062",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "やわこい is a dialectal form equivalent to やわらかい. It appears to be used in [Sendai\n(仙台)\ndialect,](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%84%E3%82%8F%E3%81%93%E3%81%84)\nbut easily comprehensible even to a Standard Japanese speaker.\n\nThus, やわこく = やわらかく.\n\n> 悩みのカチカチ筋肉が少しはやわこくなるであろう。 \n> = 悩みのカチカチ筋肉が少しはやわらかくなるであろう。 \n> _Thy stiff muscle that botherth thee shall be a bit loosened._",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-04T12:39:28.790",
"id": "47063",
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},
{
"body": "やわこい is a dialectal adjective meaning やわらかい. Many adjectives in dialects of\neastern/northern Japan end with -こい. Other famous examples include めんこい\n(\"cute\") and ひゃっこい (\"cold; chilly\"). See [this 仙台弁\nglossary](http://konnok3.sakura.ne.jp/sendai08.html), too. やわこい is very easy\nto catch the meaning for standard Japanese speakers, but some are not\nstraightforward.\n\nNote that やわこい itself doesn't mean \" _very_ soft\".",
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| 47061 | 47063 | 47063 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47068",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The particle も is usually explained as similar to _also_. However, examples\nalso always leans towards _too_ , and always in the context of the sentence's\nsubject (and always referring to the same subject).\n\n_Me too_\n\n_I like cats too_\n\nHowever, I've always wondered if it was valid to use it almost like an\ninterjection, to change the topic:\n\n> A: 今日の授業を欠席しました I didn't attend today's class\n>\n> A: 月曜日の宿題 _も_ 忘れました I've _also_ forgotten last monday's homework\n\nSo when the subject is different, can you still use this particle?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Using も when subject is different",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "That's interesting. I've sort of thought the same thing, and have used it in\nthat way, but am not positive that it's correct. I think if you show that the\n_other thing_ you're attaching も to is the verb then it would be alright. As\nin, I _did this_ and _also did_ this. \"I didn't attend class. And also (an\nother thing I did was) forgot the homework\".\n\nSo in Japanese maybe something like\n\n```\n\n 今日の授業を欠席しました。\n 月曜日の宿題を忘れたこともしました。\n \n```\n\nYou just have to nominalize the verb then use も as normal. I think you noticed\nthat what sounds odd about 宿題も忘れた is that it sounds like you're saying you\nforgot your homework and also forgot something else.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-04T14:47:48.093",
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{
"body": "Yes, you can use も that way.\n\n> 今日は学校に遅刻しました。宿題 **も** 忘れました。\n\n> あの選手は守備がいい。その上、足 **も** 速い。\n\n> ブサイクな女は、性格 **も** 悪い。\n\n> あさっての夕方ごろからくずれるそうです。気温 **も** 下がるそうです。海や山 **も** あれるそうです。 (quoted from\n> [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38688/9831))",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-04T16:57:30.320",
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| 47065 | 47068 | 47068 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47070",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have came across an English book on Ancient Japanese languages. (Sorry I\nforgot the book name)\n\nIn the book, it says some Kun Yomi of Kanji actually come from early contact\nof Chinese languages. Take 竹 as example, it's Kun Yomi is `take` which is very\nclose to ancient Chinese languages.\n\nAre there more examples to support this?\n\n**Edit**\n\nAnother example in book, 金 `kane`, it is very close to ancient Chinese\nlanguages.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T17:00:09.940",
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"owner_user_id": "9303",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"history",
"chinese",
"archaic-language"
],
"title": "Kun Yomi of Chinese origin, like 竹 (take)",
"view_count": 446
} | [
{
"body": "Short answer: probably yes, but we don't know a lot about it.\n\nWe don't have enough documentation about the earliest stages of Japanese to be\nsure, but the consensus is that a bunch of the oldest words must have come\nfrom Chinese and other languages. It would be hard not to, since they were in\ncontact all the time, and the original Japanese speakers came from the\ncontinent anyway. Linguist Bjarke Frellesvig, in _A History of the Japanese\nLanguage_ , says that\n\n> It is beyond doubt that Old Japanese includes old loanwords from the\n> languages around Japan—especially words relating to agriculture, seafaring,\n> warfare, spiritual and religious life, government, and administration—but\n> that we will not be able to identify many of them as loanwords on other than\n> extra- linguistic grounds. It is for example a strong hypothesis that\n> Japanese _iraka_ 'roof, roof tile' is a loanword, but we do not know from\n> where. In other cases we believe that a word must be borrowed and can come\n> up with several likely sources but cannot choose between them. It is, for\n> example, very likely that the Japanese word for 'horse', _uma_ , is borrowed\n> and there are indeed words in surrounding languages which mean 'horse' and\n> which are similar to _uma_ , e.g. Early Middle Chinese * _maɨ'_ , Middle\n> Korean _mol_ , Mongolian _morin_.\n\nThese older loanwords would already be felt as \"Japanese\" by the time the\ncountry adopted kanji, and therefore they were classified as \"kun-yomi\". Other\nexamples include:\n\n * 栲 _tae_ \"cloth made from mulberry bark\", which used to be _tape_ , related to Austronesian _tapa_ (same meaning).\n * 釜 _kama_ \"pot\", Old Chinese 坩 * _khaam_.\n * 鎌 _kama_ \"sickle\", Old Chinese * _gryam_.\n * 絹 _kinu_ \"silk\", Old Chinese * _kwyans_.\n * 国 _kuni_ \"country\", Old Chinese 郡 * _guns_.\n * 梅 _ume_ \"plum\", Old Chinese * _hmay_.\n * 銭 _zeni_ \"money\", Old Chinese * _dzian_.\n\n\"Bamboo\" in ancient Chinese is thought to have been something like * _truk_ >\n_ṭuk_ , so I guess it does resemble _take_. But we can't be totally sure;\nsome of these may be coincidences, some perhaps even borrowings _from_\nJapanese (or Korean or their ancestor, and so on).",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T19:25:59.450",
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| 47069 | 47070 | 47070 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47079",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Which verb does the phrase ending with くらい modify in the following sentence?\n\n> 気の遠くなる **くらい** むこうにある何か見つめて\n\nDoes it modify the ある or the 見つめる? So is it\n\n> He is staring at something that is overwhelmingly far away, ...\n\nor\n\n> He is staring at something far away to the point that he becomes\n> overwhelmed, ...\n\nOr maybe both of these translations are off? In situations like this when two\nverb follow くらい, is there a general rule which verb is modified by it or does\nit depend on context?\n\nFor context, here is the entire passage:\n\n> 必死にただ闇雲に空に手を伸ばして \n> あんなに大きなカタマリを打ち上げて \n> 気の遠くなるくらい むこうにある何か見つめて \n> 遠野くんが他の人と 違って見える理由が 少しだけ分かった気がした。",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T21:22:04.183",
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"owner_user_id": "18296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "Which verb does くらい modify in this sentence?",
"view_count": 263
} | [
{
"body": "> 気の遠くなるくらい むこうにある何か見つめて\n\nI think the phrase 「気の遠くなるくらい」 modifies 「むこう（向｛む｝こう）」.\n\nAnother possible option is 「見つめて」, but if you want to let 「見つめて」 be modified\nby 「気の遠くなるくらい」, it is natural to add something like 「長｛なが｝い時間｛じかん｝」, then the\nwhole sentence given will be 「気の遠くなるくらい長い時間 むこうにある何か見つめて」.\n\nAnd 「ある」 is impossible to be modified by 「気の遠くなるくらい」, because if so, 「ある」\nneeds something like 「遠くに」 before modified by it like: \n「気の遠くなるくらい 遠くにある何か見つめて」, but the given sentence already has 「むこう（向｛む｝こう）に」\nwhich functions as an adverb instead of 「遠くに」.",
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| 47072 | 47079 | 47079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47074",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the Japanese equivalent of saying \"It breaks my heart\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-04T23:10:42.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Equivalent of saying \"It breaks my heart\"?",
"view_count": 1356
} | [
{
"body": "Naturally it depends on context.\n\nFor specifically romantic heartbreak, there is\n[失恋{しつれん}(する)](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/98861/meaning/m0u/%E5%A4%B1%E6%81%8B/):\n\n> 失恋から立ち直れない。 \n> I can't recover from my heartbreak.\n\nFor more general heartbreak (such as the arrest or death of a friend or family\nmember), there is the expression\n[悲嘆{ひたん}に暮れる{くれる}](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%82%B2%E5%98%86%E3%81%AB%E6%9A%AE%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B):\n\n> お父さんの死で悲嘆に暮れました。 \n> He was heartbroken after his father's death.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-04T23:44:03.840",
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| 47073 | 47074 | 47074 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47077",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the Japanese equivalent to saying for people to keep something to\nthemselves?\n\nLike, \"Keep your toilet humour to yourself,\" or something?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-05T02:45:14.570",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Japanese equivalent of saying to keep something to yourself?",
"view_count": 1528
} | [
{
"body": "I think you could say it in several different ways: \n\"keep ... to oneself\"\n「人に言わない（でおく）」「人に話さない（でおく）」「人に[明]{あ}かさない」「[秘密]{ひみつ}にする/しておく」「[胸]{むね}/[心]{こころ}(の中/のうち)に[秘]{ひ}めておく」「胸に[納]{おさ}めておく」「胸/心にしまっておく」「他人に知らせない」\netc.\n\nAnd you could translate it in different ways depending on context, for\nexample:\n\n> * Keep your opinions to yourself. とやかく意見を言うなよ。(ジーニアス英和辞典)\n> * Keep your opinions to yourself!\n> 君の意見など聞きたくもない。([ランダムハウス英和大辞典](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/ej/618620/meaning/m0u/))\n> * He often keeps his opinions to himself.\n> 彼は自分の意見を人に言わないことがよくある。([研究社英和中辞典](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/keep+to+oneself))\n> * I'll keep the secret to myself until death. 死ぬまでその秘密は守ります。(ジーニアス英和辞典)\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"id": "47077",
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| 47075 | 47077 | 47077 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47078",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "when someone ask, what is the date for a program? and the answer is 5th may.\nhow can i answer this in japanese. i know that 5th is いつか and may is ごがつ。which\none should be pronounced first. and how do i say the years? 2017 for example?\ni am a beginner in japanese. hope someone can help me with this.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-05T03:00:13.740",
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"owner_user_id": "22014",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese",
"time"
],
"title": "how to tell date?",
"view_count": 188
} | [
{
"body": "２０１７年５月５日\n\nにせんじゅうななねん ごがつ いつか\n\nIn Japanese it goes Year >> Month >> Date.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-05T03:45:19.137",
"id": "47078",
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| 47076 | 47078 | 47078 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47082",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am working on amateur translation for a videogame, this game was originally\nin Japanese and another team translated the texts into English.\n\nCheck out this video, from the English subtitles (activate the CC subs from\nyoutube player to see them), seems the character uses some slang while he\nspeaks\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDC50jRtUFE>\n\nBecause I don't know Japanese (yet!) I would ask you if the English subtitle\nreflects the way Keith speaks.\n\nHow do you classify the register of this character? Does he uses all the slang\nlike it seems from the English subtitles?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-05T16:23:05.253",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"slang",
"transcription"
],
"title": "Is this some kind of Japanese slang?",
"view_count": 275
} | [
{
"body": "I would not say he uses all the slang visible in the subtitles because, in\nmost cases, slang in one language does not directly translate to another. That\nsaid, I feel like the level of formality communicated by Keith in Japanese is\nreflected in the English subs.\n\nUsing the slang form of one word to communicate informality may not be\npossible in another language because that word has no comparable slang form,\nor may not even exist, so the translator will have to compensate somehow.\nTranslators have to judge the level of formality in the source language, and\nprovide a translation with a comparable level. Moreover, formality is not just\nusing slang words and expressions, but also includes other forms of expression\n(ex. inflection and body language). This is lost, to some degree, when\nsubtitled, and the translator may compensate for this by using slang\nexpressions in the target language that may not be present in the source\nlanguage, as is the case here.",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-05T17:21:15.550",
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{
"body": "I would agree with @aonophoenix.\n\nIt's not so much that the words used in English are the exact same as the\nwords being used in Japanese. The English sentences mean the same thing as the\nJapanese, and are written in a way to try and match the level of formality\nwhile still retaining the same meaning, but specific words may technically be\ndifferent.",
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"id": "47092",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 47081 | 47082 | 47082 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47086",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 北が上という常識は、実は北半球の国の _人々が_ 無意識に持っている差別 **の** 表れかもしれない。 ([source: line\n> 10-11](https://www.docdroid.net/847v2dg/img-20170413-0001-new.pdf.html))\n\nMy main issue are the parts in italic and bold. I understand the sentence as\nfollows:\n\n> Concerning the common practice to call the north \"up\", to be honest the\n> people of the northern hemisphere might appear to unconsciously be holding\n> discrimination.\n\nFrom a syntactical perspective though, I can't get through the sentence.\n\nI would say that 北が上という常識は and 表れかもしれない are linked on one and the same\nsyntactical level:\n\n> Concerning the common practice to call the north \"up\", **it** might appear.\n\nIn this case, I could interpret the bold の kind of like the の in a cleft\nsentence like\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/46538/problem-\nwith-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8C-in-this-\nsentence/46556?noredirect=1#comment83305_46556). But this concept was\nexplained to me only very recently, hasn't really appeared before in my\ntextbook and I don't think that I have a good grasp of it yet.\n\nI don't really have an idea how else to interpret this の right now. The phrase\n実は北半球の国の _人々が_ 無意識に持っている差別 **の** is not really archetypical in its form. It's\nsubject is 北半球の国の _人々_ が, but this isn't connected to an intransitive verb,\nand the only verb that is there is 持つ which is transitive, but that one in\nturn isn't connected to a direct object, at least not through traditional\nmeans via a particle preceding the only potential direct object 差別.\n\nThat's why the only way out is filling the empty slot for the predicative with\na presumably elliptic copula: \"Concerning the common practice to call the\nnorth up, it might appear that **it** (corresponding to の, cleft sentence)\n**is** (corresponding the elliptic copula) discrimination which the people of\nthe northern hemisphere are holding.\n\nseems to be the subject in this clause/phrase which is embedded into\n北が上という常識は...表れかもしれない, but it lacks a predicative. The whole phrase also isn't\nconnected to a transitive verb and object or an intransitive verb. I could\nextrapolate the ellipsis of a copula \"Concerning the common practice to call\nthe north \"up\", it might appear (that) it is discrimination which the people\nof the northern hemisphere are holding.\"\n\nOr an even more literal approach, trying to mimic the chain of\nattributes/attribute-like-phrases the Japanese sentence forms (in my opinion):\n\n> Concerning the common practice to call the north \"up\", it might appear it is\n> people of the northern hemisphere holding discrimination.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-05T17:21:40.000",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"parsing"
],
"title": "北が上という常識は、実は北半球の国の人々が無意識に持っている差別の表れかもしれない",
"view_count": 189
} | [
{
"body": "表れ in this sentence is not acting as a verb. It is a noun meaning \"embodiment,\nmanifestation\".\n\nThe phrase 北半球の国の人々が無意識に持っている is a relative clause modifying 差別, so you have\ncorrectly interpreted this as \"discrimination which the people of the northern\nhemisphere unconsciously have\".\n\nRemoving the relative clause, the simplified sentence is:\n\n> 北が上という常識は、実は...差別の表れかもしれない\n\nHere, の is just connecting the noun 差別 and the noun 表れ, so 差別の表れ is simply\n\"a/the manifestation of discrimination\"\n\nThe predicate is the copula: だ is omitted before かもしれない.\n\nSo all together:\n\n> \"The common-sense assumption that the north is \"up\" might actually be the\n> manifestation of the discrimination/prejudice that the people of the\n> northern hemisphere unconsciously hold.",
"comment_count": 0,
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{
"body": "I think your problem is with the meaning of 表れ . Here it means \"appearance\" -\ni.e. \"expression\" or \" manifestation\". The whole goes (I'd say) like this:\n\n北が上という常識は The usual assumption that North is \"up\"\n\n実は in fact\n\n差別の表れかもしれない may be an expression of a prejudice\n\n北半球の国の人々が無意識に持っている that the people[s] of the countries of the northern\nhemisphere unconsciously hold\n\nI'd polish that up to something like:\n\n> It may in fact be that the assumption that North is \"up\" is [no more than]\n> an unconscious prejudice held by the inhabitants of the countries of the\n> northern hemisphere.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-05T19:21:27.597",
"id": "47087",
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| 47083 | 47086 | 47086 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47095",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In sentences with ～てくれる the one that do us a _favour_ goes with は・が particle.\nWhich particle do I have to use for the one who receives the _favour_? Can I\nuse both に and を or only に? I've seen both. Is it wrong to use を?\n\n> * あなたはわたしを二度も救ってくれた。 \n> anata wa watashi o nido mo sukutte kureta. \n> You saved me twice. \n>\n> * 父が僕を育ててくれた。 \n> chichi ga boku o sodatete kureta. \n> I was raised by my dad. \n>\n> * 彼はいつでも僕たちにすばらしいアドバイスをしてくれた。 \n> kare wa itsudemo bokutachi ni subarashii adobaisu o shite kureta. \n> He’s always given us great advice.\n>\n>\n\nWhy is に not used in the first two examples?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-05T17:40:50.170",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-を",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "What particle do I use for the one who received the favour in -てくれる?",
"view_count": 259
} | [
{
"body": "The choice of particles has no relation with the fact that ～てくれる is used. More\nprecisely, the sentence with the てくれる part have to make sense on its own. You\ncan even see that if you drop the part with てくれる in all your example sentences\nthe English translation remains the same.",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-05T18:37:30.910",
"id": "47085",
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"body": "I think that since くれる implies the action was done for you, or your group or\nwhatever, it would be apparent in from context, and you don't typically need\nto say who it was done for. But if there were a reason that you wanted to\nspecify, I think I would go with に. Or even ために\n\n僕のためにやってくれた\n\n...but then again, you could say\n\n僕を助けてくれた\n\nSo, I don't know this to specifically be true, but I would say probably there\nis no stipulation as to which particle can or cannot be used with くれる. And,\nthat it just has to do with the verb you're using.",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T02:49:32.557",
"id": "47091",
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{
"body": "> 1) あなたはわたしを二度も救ってくれた。 \n> 2) 父が僕を育ててくれた。 \n> 3) 彼はいつでも僕たちにすばらしいアドバイスをしてくれた。\n\nAs for ～してくれる, the following explanation written in 道理百遍義理一遍's answer is\ncorrect.\n\n> The choice of particles has no relation with the fact that ～てくれる is used.\n\nI'm going to answer the question about particles.\n\nIf you omit してくれる in the sentence 1), 2) and 3) and adjust the conjugation of\nthem, they'd become like:\n\n> 4) あなたはわたしを二度も救った。 \n> 5) 父が僕を育てた。 \n> 6) 彼はいつでも僕たちにすばらしいアドバイスをした。\n\nNext, if you omit all the modifiers in the sentence 4), 5) and 6) and make\nthem to the present tense, they'd become like:\n\n> 7) あなたはわたしを救う。 \n> 8) 父が僕を育てる。 \n> 9) 彼は僕たちにアドバイスをする。\n\nAmong them, the sentence 9) is different from 7) and 8) in regard to their\nsentence structures. Let me call 7) and 8) type I, and 9) type II.\n\nThere are two types of verb. Each type of verb constructs its peculiar\nsentence structure like:\n\n> Type I : A(subject)は/が B(object)を C(type I verb)する。 \n> Type Ⅱ : A(subject)は/が B(indirect object)に C(direct object)を D(type Ⅱ\n> verb)する。\n\nAs for the sentence 7), 8) and 9), the verbs 救う and 育てる belong to type I, and\nする belongs to type Ⅱ.\n\nIn type Ⅱ sentence, it needs two objects and the indirect object needs a\nparticle に, so に is inevitable in the sentence 9), while it is not used in 7)\nand 8).\n\nI think you understand the reason of the existence of に only in the sentence\n3).\n\nOther than the verbs used in the given sentences, I'll show you some type I\nverbs and type Ⅱ verbs as follows:\n\n> type I verb: 愛｛あい｝す(love)、叱｛しか｝る(scold)、手伝｛てつだ｝う(help)、諦｛あきら｝める(give up) \n> type Ⅱ verb: 教｛おし｝える(teach)、あげる(give)、勧｛すす｝める(recommend)",
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| 47084 | 47095 | 47085 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47090",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand what's going on when you embed a interrogative clause using\nか、like when you form pronouns like 誰か、or write things like\n「ええ、何を食べたか知らないよ・・・。」\n\nHowever, It's still beyond me what も、does when used to embed a clause; I get\nhow 誰か means 'somebody' or 'whom', but I don't understand why what's normally\nthe temporally inclusive topic marking particle makes it's 誰も mean 'everyone'\nor 'anyone', which is what I'm hoping to learn.\n\nEdit: Could you also explain how the meaning changes when using でも instead of\nusing も？",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-05T22:17:41.317",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What exactly happens when you embed a clause with も?",
"view_count": 81
} | [
{
"body": "Words like 誰も and 何も etc. when used with negative verbs take on their negative\ncounterpart essentially.\n\n誰かいた **Someone** was there.\n\n誰もいなかった **No one** was there. (There wasn't anyone there)\n\nFor the most part the でも just sort of emphasizes it in a the sense:\n\nそれは有名でもない That is not _even_ famous.\n\nIt's actually just the same particle も attached to the particle で (or also the\ncopula だ in て form)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T02:41:11.530",
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| 47088 | 47090 | 47090 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example, if I pass a random person on the sidewalk in Japan, would it be\nappropriate to say こんにちは? I've had people do that to me. Is it considered\nfriendly? Polite? Rude? Does it depend on the situation? If so, when is it\nappropriate?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-06T05:34:15.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47093",
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"owner_user_id": "11296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"greetings"
],
"title": "Is it appropriate (and friendly) to say こんにちは to random people?",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "It's ok if:\n\n * You are hiking, or climbing \n * You know them or the social circle is small enough that you'll see them fairly often (like in a small village, same block, or in an apartment)\n\nOtherwise it won't be seen as rude, but people will wonder what's going on\nbecause it's unusual, especially in big cities. They also might start to try\navoid you (like say you say hello to someone on a commute, they might think\n\"Oh well guess I take one train earlier from now on\". That's only half joke.\n\nIf you obviously look you could be unfamiliar with Japanese culture they might\ncut you a slack. So yeah you can't do a lot of harm but it's unusual for sure.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T06:08:00.710",
"id": "47094",
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| 47093 | null | 47094 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47104",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have seen that は acts as a sort of negation (or contrast) particle, although\nI'm not sure how it works, for example:\n\n1) わたし **は** ともだち が いません \n2) わたし **の** ともだち が いません\n\nIs 1) the only correct sentence? Why? And what's the rule for using は instead\nof other particles? I have tried searching a bit but I still can't seem to\nunderstand this.\n\nAnother example would be\n\n1) さかな **は** たべません \n2) さかな **を** たべません\n\nIs 2) incorrect? Why? Are there any other cases where I should be aware of\nthis?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T07:46:48.773",
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"owner_user_id": "22033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-は",
"topic"
],
"title": "When to use は instead of other particles",
"view_count": 237
} | [
{
"body": "No, は is the topic marker (i.e., it marks what the sentence is really _about_\n), and contains no connotation of negation/contrast.\n\nIn your first case, (1) means \"I have no friends\" and (2) means \"My friends\naren't here\" (literally, \"my friends don't exist [here]\"). Both are correct,\nbut they have very different meanings.\n\nIn your second case, (1) and (2) both mean \"[I] don't eat fish\". They have the\nsame meaning because the object, 魚｛さかな｝, is exactly the _topic_ of the\nsentence. However, if you're in some strange setting when you're concerned\nwith fishes eating things, (1) can mean \"[The] fish doesn't eat\". But people\nrarely talk about fishes' eating habits.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T12:00:16.830",
"id": "47101",
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"body": "When you describe a general fact, a sentence of statement needs some topic\nparts, in short, \"I don't have friends\" translates to わたしは ともだちがいない. (\"My\nfriend is not here\" translates to わたしのともだち **は** いない as long as it's a general\nfact.)\n\nOn the other hand, what's newly discovered i.e \"(emergency) My friend is\nmissing!\" is expressed without any topics as わたしの ともだちがいない.\n\nThird, you can rephrase いないのは わたしの ともだちだ (it's my friend that's not here) as\nわたしの ともだちがいない, which is the same form as the above.\n\nさかなは たべない can be (1) a reply to question \"How do you treat the fish?\" or (2)\nan implication that you may eat other things but not fish.\n\nさかなを たべない is a reply to question \"What would you save among these things\".\n**Edit:** If you still say さかなは… instead, it implies that you anyway don't eat\nthe fish and now the problem is what to choose from the rest.",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T12:56:24.320",
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"body": "In your second case, I think the xuq01's answer is perfect.\n\nTo help you understand the case perfectly, I'll show you some examples. \nIn Japanese sentences or conversations we often or usually omit words or\nphrases when they are well-known among the persons concerned, even when they\nare the subject of the sentence.\n\n> 1) さかな **は** たべません \n> 2) さかな **を** たべません\n>\n> 3) わたし は **魚{さかな} を 食{た}べません** - I don't eat fish. \n> 4) さかな は 餌{えさ} を 食{た}べません - [The] fish does not eat food/bait. \n> 5) わたし は 肉{にく} と 野菜{やさい} は 食{た}べます が **魚{さかな} は 食{た}べません** - I eat meat and\n> vegetable, but I don't eat fish.\n\nThe sentence 1) is usually said in the context like the sentence 5), and the\nsentence 2) means the sentence 3) by omitting the subject.\n\n> **xuq01's answer** : \n> However, if you're in some strange setting when you're concerned with\n> fishes eating things, (1) can mean \"[The] fish doesn't eat\".\n\nxuq01's answer may refer to the sentence like 4) for the sentence 1).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T13:05:42.263",
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| 47096 | 47104 | 47101 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47110",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across a sentence that I don't quite understand:\n\n> それが物言わぬ植物であれば、 **どれだけ外野** が騒然としようがナーバスになりようがないだけペットよりもマシ。\n\nI think I get _--please correct me if I'm wrong!--_ the overall meaning\n(somebody compares noisy house pets to silent plants), but the bolded part\nconfuses me.\n\nDictionaries say the word \"外野\" means \"outfield\", the other possible meaning is\n\"outsider\". I don't really get how it fits here though.\n\nSo I was wondering if anyone can help me shed some light on it?\n\n* * *\n\nUPD to add some context.\n\nThe guy (who is not very fond of pets) rambles about how no one is caring for\nthe plants in the garden. And then this passage follows:\n\n> しかし。その中のひとつが学術性の極めて高い希種ともなれば、また別次元の話になる。価値観が跳ね上がるからだ。それは植物に限らず、ペットも同様であるが。\n> 今まで誰も見向きもしなかったものに、にわかにスポットライトが当たる。それが物言わぬ植物であれば、どれだけ外野が騒然としようがナーバスになりようがないだけペットよりもマシ。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T09:49:47.113",
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"id": "47097",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 外野 mean here?",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "From this sentence alone, I can say this 外野 means \"outsiders\" or \"people who\nare not directly involved\".\n\n(But I don't understand why someone would make noise or become nervous about\njust having a pet or a plant. If you're still unsure how it fits the context,\nplease provide us with the context.)\n\n**UPDATE:** Seeing the context, the guy is thinking that suddenly attracting\npeople's attention (スポットライトが当たる) is undesirable. Animals (pets) can \"get\nnervous\" when they suddenly attract unnecessary attention from people (=外野)\njust because they are rare species. On the other hand, no matter how people\npay attention to certain plants, plants cannot \"get nervous\" like animals. So\nin this context 外野 refers to capricious human beings in general who make fuss\nabout random species even though they're usually very indifferent \"outsiders\".",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T13:58:43.937",
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| 47097 | 47110 | 47110 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47112",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading a text that has the word 決{けっ}する, and so far I've only seen 決{き}める\nto mean \"decide\". I've searched a few dictionaries and couldn't find the\ndifference between the two. Is there a difference or nuance I'm missing?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T10:36:52.793",
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"id": "47098",
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"owner_user_id": "10551",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 決{き}める and 決{けっ}する?",
"view_count": 458
} | [
{
"body": "決する mainly appears in some set phrases such as 勝負を決する,\n[雌雄を決する](http://jisho.org/word/%E9%9B%8C%E9%9B%84%E3%82%92%E6%B1%BA%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B),\n[意を決する](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%84%8F%E3%82%92%E6%B1%BA%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B).\n決する can be used in legal or judicatory contexts, too, although it sounds more\nstiff than 決める. [けっして](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%B1%BA%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6) with\na negative expression means \"never\", but it's probably better to regard this\nas a distinct adverb.\n\nExcept for these, using 決する instead of 決める would sound fairly literary or even\nfunny. Don't say something like 明日どこに遊びに行くか決する, for instance.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T13:42:03.917",
"id": "47109",
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{
"body": "**決める**\n\n * a basic word that everyone knows\n * basically a weak and casual word like \"make a choice\", but can also represent stronger decisions (like \"make up one's mind\"); for authoritative decisions we usually choose other words\n\n> ピカチュウ！ 君に決めた！ \n> _I choose you! Pikachu!_\n\n * **transitive** ; the intransitive counterpart is 決まる \"be decided\"\n\n**決する**\n\n * a big, bookish word that wouldn't be uttered by a child\n * means to make a conclusive settlement (usually, of _yes-and-no_ or _either-or_ ) through the decision\n * transitive **or** intransitive \n\n> 運命を決する _(it) determines the fate_ \n> 運命が決する _the fate will be determined_",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-06T14:01:52.083",
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}
]
| 47098 | 47112 | 47109 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47102",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 地図Bは南北を上下ではなく、左右に置いて、作ったものである。 ([source, line\n> 11](https://www.docdroid.net/847v2dg/img-20170413-0001-new.pdf.html))\n\nI understand the sentence as follows:\n\n> Concerning map B, it is the card he made north and south not being top and\n> bottom and put it left and right.\n\nMy main issue so far is that 上下ではなく has no connector to it like て form. The\nfact that 左右に置いて is て form doesn't make things easier. I could imagine that\n南北を上下ではなく...作った form one attribute for もの. 左右に置いて could be, well, another\naddition, an adverbial phrase maybe, I struggle determining the syntactical\nfunction. \"He made north and south not being top and bottom and put it left\nand right\" I also have problems with the semantics of て form in this context.\nsimply chaining it kind of still works, but I feel like it should have an\nadversative meaning:\n\n> He made north and south not being top and bottom, but put it left and right.\n\nBut I haven't learned so far that て form would be allowed to use this meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-06T11:12:55.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47099",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-11T23:49:18.547",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-11T23:49:18.547",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "地図Bは南北を上下ではなく、左右に置いて、作ったものである",
"view_count": 77
} | [
{
"body": "Your instinct is not wrong. ではなく is equivalent to ではなくて . This is a general\nrule: the く form of an い adjective (and in this case, as in most cases, ない and\nたい forms of verbs are treated as い adjectives) is used (more often in written\nthan in spoken Japanese) as equivalent to the て form. The pattern A ではなはく[て]、\nB , \"not A but B\", can often be rendered \"B rather than A\".\n\nThe sentence goes like this:\n\n地図 B は Map B\n\n作ったものである is something that [unspecified subject] made\n\n置いて placing\n\n南北を North and South\n\n上下ではなく、左右に not [at] top and bottom [but] to left and right\n\nSince the subject is unspecified, I would use an English passive when\ntranslating. Thus:\n\nMap B has been drawn with North and South to left and right rather than at top\nand bottom.\n\nHint: don't be misled by the punctuation mark 、 . It doesn't always (or even\noften, I'd say) mark off a grammatically distinct section of a sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-06T12:36:47.220",
"id": "47102",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-06T12:36:47.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "47099",
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}
]
| 47099 | 47102 | 47102 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47103",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is one use of 絶対 that keeps confusing me. I can easily understand 絶対零度\nsince it refers to temperature, something that is clearly measurable. 絶対絶望 is\na little more abstract, but seeing it as the worst kind of despair possible\nseems logical enough.\n\nBut then there is stuff like the song 絶対彼女 by 大森靖子, or the anime series 絶対少年.\nWhat am I supposed to imagine when I hear that? A direct translation,\n\"absolute boy\", doesn't make much sense to me. Is it meant to convey a sense\nof pureness or what?\n\nI know there is already a [question about\n絶対領域](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1775/what-is-the-origin-of-\nand-how-do-i-\nparse-%E7%B5%B6%E5%AF%BE%E3%81%9C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F%E3%82%8A%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%84%E3%81%8D),\nbut the responses there talk more about the origin of the phrase, and I feel\nlike they don't quite answer my question about the core meaning of 絶対 as it is\nused in the term.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-06T11:30:59.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47100",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-06T12:56:41.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Use of 絶対 with things that can't be measured",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "絶対 is just another way of saying \"greatest\", \"supreme\" or \"beyond comparison\"\nin some fictional works. For example in _Dragon Ball_ , 絶対神 is used to mean\n\"greatest god\" or \"god of gods\". The etymology of 絶対領域 is known and is clearly\ndescribed\n[here](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E7%B5%B6%E5%AF%BE%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F). This\n絶対 means 無敵 (\"invincible\") or \"more wonderful than any other _moe_ traits\" at\nleast to the person who named it. Before 2001 there was no word to refer to\nthis \"territory\", and the word soon become popular along with the character\n([まゆら](http://blog.livedoor.jp/dojisana/archives/52072204.html)) herself.\nAnyway this meaning should be easy.\n\nRegarding 絶対彼女 and 絶対少年, these are atypical and confusing usages of 絶対. From\nwhat I could google, obviously these 絶対 don't mean \"supreme\". As for 絶対彼女,\njudging from the lyrics it seems to mean \"I am decidedly your girlfriend\". As\nfor 絶対少年, to me it just seems to mean \"This story is absolutely about boys\"\neven after reading about the anime on Wikipedia. It's confusing, and I've seen\non the net a few people who also feel this title is weird. In these two cases\nI think 絶対 was intentionally chosen to puzzle the audience by making the title\neye-catching.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-06T12:51:34.333",
"id": "47103",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-06T12:56:41.583",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-06T12:56:41.583",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "47100",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 47100 | 47103 | 47103 |
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