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list | id
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55253",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Im currently studying with Tobira. I'm in chapter 1 right now and in the\ngrammar section, it defines ように as being used when:\n\n 1. X resembles Y \n 2. When X is as Y shows, says, explains, etc. \n 3. When X does something as shown/said/explained/etc. in/by Y\n\nOne of the examples sentence written in this section, and the one I'm having\ntrouble trying to figure out how it relates to the functions written above is:\n\nこの写真を見れば分かるように、ロンドンには、色々な名所がある。\n\nI understood this as: \"If you look at this photo, you'll know that there are\nvarious famous places in London.\"\n\nThis was my best guess as to what the sentence means because I don't know how\nように factors into this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T05:04:26.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55252",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T05:11:04.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26307",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Trouble comprehending a sentence with ~ように",
"view_count": 165
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ように like \" **as** ～\" (your second or third definition). Try reading it\nlike this:\n\n> この写真を見れば分かる **ように** 、 \n> **As** you can understand if you look at this photo,\n>\n> ロンドンには、色々な名所がある。 \n> there are various famous places in London.\n\nOr more naturally, the first half of the sentence means \"As shown in the\nphoto, ...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T05:11:04.930",
"id": "55253",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T05:11:04.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55252",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55252
|
55253
|
55253
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55259",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm studying for the N3 from Kanzen textbook and I came across this question\n\n> 私は夏休みの( )、アメリカの友達の家にいた。\n\nthere are three choices: 間、間に、中で\n\nthe answer they consider it as the right one is 間. what was I thinking is that\nit might be interchangeable and both are correct because you are either spend\nthe whole summer vacation at your friend's house or some time of the summer\nvacation? isn't it right?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T08:23:17.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55254",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T14:02:27.227",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-19T09:56:10.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "16011",
"owner_user_id": "16011",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "In this particular sentence is 間 and 間に interchangeable?",
"view_count": 251
}
|
[
{
"body": "Prerequisites: [Difference between 間 and\n間に](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12539/5010)\n\n> 私は夏休みの間に、アメリカの友達の家にいた。\n\nThis sentence is unnatural. 間に refers to a certain time _point_ in the period,\nnot a certain _part_ of the period. This いた is a stative verb and refers to\nstaying for a fairly long period of time (usually a week at least), so it\ndoesn't go well with 間に anyway.\n\nIf you stayed only for some time of the summer vacation, you usually say:\n\n> * 夏休みに10日ほど、アメリカの友達の家にいた。\n> * 夏休みの間しばらく、アメリカの友達の家にいた。\n> * 夏休みの2週間ほどの間、アメリカの友達の家にいた。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T12:08:57.753",
"id": "55256",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T12:08:57.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55254",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "正解は、\n\n> 「私は夏休みの **間** 、アメリカの友達の家にいた。」です。\n\n「間」、「間に」、「中で」を使って簡単な例文を作ってみますので違いを勉強してください。\n\n**間（あいだ/かん）**\n\n> * 私は夏休みの **間** 、アメリカの友達の家にいた。\n> * ＝ 私は夏休みの **間中{あいだじゅう}** 、アメリカの友達の家にいた。\n>\n\n**間（あいだ）に**\n\n> * 私は夏休みの **間に** 、アメリカの友達の家に行ったり、海で泳いだり、富士山に登ったりした。\n> * 私は夏休みの **間** 、アメリカの友達の家にいたので、その **間に** 、英語で簡単な会話ができるようになった。\n>\n\n**中（なか）で**\n\n> * 私は夏休みの **中で** 一番思い出に残ることは、アメリカの友達の家に行ったことです。\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T14:02:27.227",
"id": "55259",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T14:02:27.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "55254",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55254
|
55259
|
55256
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55303",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have this sentence:\n\n> 明日、日本語のクラブがあるけど、行く？\n\nwhich has the given translation of\n\n> There’s Japanese club tomorrow, want to go? (lit: Tomorrow, Japanese club\n> exists but go?)\n\nI have two questions on this sentence. Firstly, since the sentence is\nreferring to something occurring tomorrow, why wouldn't I have the `は` after\n`明日` so it becomes this?\n\n> 明日は、日本語のクラブがあるけど、行く？\n\nSecond, what's the purpose of the `けど` particle? In English at least, I don't\nfeel a need to introduce any contrasting feeling to the sentence since it's\njust a straight question. In short, why not this instead?\n\n> 明日、日本語のクラブがある。行く？",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T11:41:56.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55255",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T04:09:32.247",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-19T16:15:41.593",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "27005",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Usage of particles in 明日、日本語のクラブがあるけど、行く？",
"view_count": 245
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, There really isn't an equivalent for the けど in English. That is just\nthe way they speak. Japanese is a very indirect language, and they tend to\nappend a \"but\" word to just about everything, as I am sure you know. Without\nthe けど it sounds blunt, and more like a statement of fact than what you would\nuse in an invitation. If you were just trying to tell somebody \"Hey, we have\nJapanese club tomorrow!\" you could not use the けど.\n\nThe 明日は ｖｓ 明日、I believe is just a question of colloquial vs formal. I have\nnever really heard anybody talking to those of their same 身分 say 明日は.\n\nがんばって！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T03:49:46.157",
"id": "55282",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T03:49:46.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27014",
"parent_id": "55255",
"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "From what I've gathered through the linked posts in the comments, `は` is\nomitted since the emphasis of the sentence is not quite on \"tomorrow\" but\nrather on \"Japanese club\". If included, it would imply that there's something\nparticular about tomorrow, and maybe a bit of contrasting feeling as well.\n\nAs for `けど`, it seems it can also act as a \"context particle\" in that it\nprovides some background before introducing the `行く？` question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T04:09:32.247",
"id": "55303",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T04:09:32.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27005",
"parent_id": "55255",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
55255
|
55303
|
55282
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55258",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 素晴らしい迷路庭園デス。\n\nIsn't 迷路 a \"no-adjective\"? I would have expected the sentence to be:\n素晴らしい迷路の庭園です。Are they both correct or is my version incorrect?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T12:55:53.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55257",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T13:07:12.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Why isn't there の in this sentence?",
"view_count": 68
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your line of thinking is actually quite valid.\n\nIn this particular case, however, 「迷路庭園{めいろていえん}」 should be regarded as one\nword meaning a \" ** _labyrinth_** \" or \" ** _maze garden_** \".\n\n「迷路 **の** 庭園」, therefore, would sound slightly wordy though it would be\nunderstood by every Japanese-speaker. It just sounds a little too\n\"explanatory\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T13:07:12.617",
"id": "55258",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T13:07:12.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "55257",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55257
|
55258
|
55258
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55261",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw this picture of a Meiji era 2-sen coin in [the 2013 game _Tomb\nRaider_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_Raider_\\(2013_video_game\\)):\n\n * Front:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dpMvT.jpg)\n\n * Back:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/B7y8i.jpg)\n\nThe front is easily readable, and explained by the caption:\n\n * [大日本]{だいにっぽん}\n * [明治]{めいじ}[六年]{ろくねん}\n * ２ＳＥＮ\n\nThe back is bit more difficult, but I think I got all but one:\n\n * [二銭]{にせん}\n * [五十枚]{ごじゅうまい}\n * ？[一圓]{いちえん}\n\nWhat is the one kanji before the 「[一圓]{いちえん}」? Since the rest of it reads\nlegitimate, I believe that's an actual kanji, but it's not very clear.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T14:37:29.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55260",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-25T14:06:48.390",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-25T14:06:48.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "18189",
"owner_user_id": "18189",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "What is this kanji on a Meiji era 2-sen coin?",
"view_count": 295
}
|
[
{
"body": "The character looks very much like\n[**換**](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8F%9B), which means to swap or\nexchange. Since 百錢 exchanges for 一圓, the coin just says 五十枚二銭換一圓 or 50*2銭\ncoins exchanges for 1圓.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T14:51:53.753",
"id": "55261",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T14:51:53.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "55260",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55260
|
55261
|
55261
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "赤いのかばん or 赤いなかばん? Which one is correct? \"な\" is used to connect adjective and\nnoun, \"の\" is a possessive noun, but it can also be an adjective.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T16:17:42.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55262",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-06T20:03:58.707",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-06T20:03:58.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27007",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "赤いのかばん or 赤いなかばん? Which one is correct?",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "Neither one is correct, I am afraid. The correct way to say that is:\n\n> 「赤{あか}いかばん」\n\nbecause 「赤い」 is an i-adjective.\n\nIt is also correct to say:\n\n> 「赤のかばん」\n\nwithout an 「い」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T16:22:43.063",
"id": "55263",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T16:22:43.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "55262",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
55262
| null |
55263
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I believe I understand what this piece of description is saying with regards\nto the subject but I'm confused by the last part and therefore not sure how to\ncorrectly parse it:\n\n> 数年前の経歴も局長の立場から調べてあるが、何しろ冤罪によって部局を追放された身である為,\n\nIs \"身である為\" the same as saying \"身のためである\" which means \"for your own benefit\"? In\nwhich case the sentence would probably go something like this - \"he was\nevicted from the department anyway due to false accusations [for his own\nbenefit]\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T16:47:22.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55264",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T03:26:44.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27008",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"parsing"
],
"title": "Parsing help: \"身である為\"",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is ため meaning \"because\", giving a reason. It's always a bit hard to\ntranslate a sentence with 身 in it. Basically \"because/since he is a person\nevicted from the department~\".\n\nYou must know about relative clauses in Japanese, 走る男 and such, yes? When you\nwant to use a noun to modify another noun, you cannot use です or だ, you have to\nuse である. So 学生である人 = person who is a student.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T16:56:06.827",
"id": "55265",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T16:56:06.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22363",
"parent_id": "55264",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "身 here means one's social status or position but not physical body. It is the\nsame with one in 身分. 為 'for' can mean 'on behalf of' and 'because', here it\nmeans 'because'. \"In the capacity of a person who purged for a false\ncharge...\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T03:26:44.847",
"id": "55280",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T03:26:44.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26983",
"parent_id": "55264",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55264
| null |
55265
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55281",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When looking it up on the internet I find that とは限らない means\n「イメージと違って、100％～と言えないという意味」. But the problem is I also get similar meanings for\nとも限らない.\n\nI've asked a Japanese speaker about it and they gave the answer below:\n\n> 「Xとは限らない」は、Xが成立しないことがある、と言う意味。 \n> 「Xとも限らない」は、Xが成立しないことがあるし、同類の事柄があることを暗示している。\n>\n> たとえば、 \n> 「お金持ちになれたらいいのに。」 \n> A:「お金持ちが幸せだとは限らないよ。」 \n> B:「お金持ちが幸せだとも限らないよ。（お金があるとトラブルになることもあるから。）」\n>\n> 「早く日本に行って日本語を勉強したい。」 \n> A:「早く日本に行くことが良いとは限らないよ。」 \n> B:「早く日本に行くことが良いとも限らないよ。（いまここでしっかり基礎を学ぶことも大切かもしれないし、\n> 日本で生活するための準備をきちんとすることも重要だよ。）」\n\nBased on the answer he gave me, I still don't get the difference. They both\nseem the same but I know there has to be a difference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T18:54:59.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55266",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T03:27:23.130",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-20T03:27:23.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "19217",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「とは限らない」and 「とも限らない」",
"view_count": 1431
}
|
[
{
"body": "From that person's answer, it seems that とも implies other things as well.\n\nI want to hurry and go to Japan to study. The とも version that rushing to japan\nis not necessarily a good thing, and implies other things like, you should\nfocus on studying Japanese here and now, or prepare to live in Japan\"?\n\nIt adds implications.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T21:30:13.597",
"id": "55271",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T21:30:13.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22363",
"parent_id": "55266",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "とはいえない and ともいえない are interchangeable, but the latter sounds a little milder\nand indirect. This usage of も is described on 明鏡国語辞典 as the twelfth\ndefinition:\n\n> (12) さりげなくとりたてて、文意をやわらげる。 \n> (ア) 《多く、文末表現に使って》一歩引く気持ちで、その判断をやわらげる。\n>\n> 「自由に発言すること **も** 可能だ」「もう帰って **も** いいんだぜ」「彼だって素直になること **も** ある」「その件なら知らなく\n> **も** ない」「そんな感じがしないで **も** ない」「乞われれば応じ **も** しよう」「やむをえないと考え **も** するが…」\n\n一歩引く気持ち (literally \"take-a-step-back feeling\") is a confusing explanation, but\nanyway this も adds an extra nuance of admitting, concession, euphemism, etc.\nPerhaps an English word that has a similar role is an interjection 'well' as\nin \" _Well_ , you can say that, but...\" or \"They were, well, not quite good.\"\nThey are perfectly grammatical without 'well', but they sound a little milder,\n\"nuanced\" or \"deep\" with it.\n\nI think the native speaker you asked explained like that because they wanted\nto say this も has such a \"nuance\". But this role of も may be difficult to\ngrasp if you try to analyze it as an extension of 'also' too much. In this\ncase, I think this も in とも限らない can be translated as \"you know\" or \"well\" (if\nit needs to be translated).\n\nBy the way, this usage of も is explained in the dictionary next to [this\nも](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42048/5010). And [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32886/5010) is also loosely\nrelated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T03:27:09.663",
"id": "55281",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T03:27:09.663",
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"score": 5
}
] |
55266
|
55281
|
55281
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am not sure what is the right the expression to use when I want to include\n\"can\" in a Japanese sentence:\n\nfor example :\n\n 1. > Can I buy a fruit? \n\nis\n\n> Kudamono o kau koto wa dekimasu ka?\n\n_however_\n\n 2. > Can I ask you a question? \n\nis\n\n> Shitsumon shite mo īdesu ka?\n\nIsn't the expression \"dekimasu ka\" mean \"can I\" with the \"I\" part understood?\nWhy is it not on the second sentence? Is there any grammar rule or is\nsomething to be memorized?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T18:58:38.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55267",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T08:16:15.813",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-20T02:35:59.230",
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"owner_user_id": "18992",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"modality"
],
"title": "The word that translate to \" can\" in a sentence?",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are a few nuance things to consider. The most important one is that\nthere isn't a 1:1 correlation of all words between Japanese and English.\nTherefore, a specific word like \"can\" isn't always exactly translated as one\nspecific word into Japanese. There are, however, ways to express this kind of\nexpression with different words. Think on how in English, there are also ways\nto reword these questions:\n\n> Can I buy a fruit? -> Am I able to buy a fruit? \n> Can I ask you a question? -> Is it alright if I asked you something?\n\nThe best approach is to find out how to ask these questions in Japanese, and\nlearn the nuances between the different applications in relativity to other\nsimilar questions within Japanese.\n\nAs in your example:\n\n> 果物｛くだもの｝を **買｛か｝うことができます** か。 \n> (verb) + ことができる = to be able to do (verb)\n\nNote that this particular structure emphasizes on your personal ability to be\nable to do something rather than the morality or accessibility of doing\nsomething. It also has no bearing on whether this affects another party, this\nis strictly on **your own ability** at a specific place and point in time.\nThis is the kind of \"can\" question that is closest to a true \"can\" form, where\nできる = to be able to do = can.\n\nKeep in mind that the scope of the ability is referring to the subject of the\nsentence, which in this case is implied to be you. If you ask this to someone,\nyou're asking about **their ability** instead.\n\nAs for your other example:\n\n> 質問{しつもん}し **てもいいですか** 。 \n> (て-form verb)+もいいですか。 = Is it alright if I (do verb)\n\nThis is the kind of \"can\" question where you are **asking for permission** to\nperform an action. The emphasis here is on the response of the other party\nonto which you are asking this.\n\nYou might liken these differences to when teachers (may have) used to hark on\nyou about saying \"May I\" instead of \"Can I\" because the response to \"Can I go\nto the bathroom?\" may have included a very snarky and sarcastic \"You CAN go to\nthe bathroom, but _you may not go_.\" (meaning, you have the ability to go but\n_you are not allowed_ ).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T19:26:54.740",
"id": "55269",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T19:44:05.000",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-19T19:44:05.000",
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"parent_id": "55267",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "In English, 'can' refers to different concepts in different situations, but\nJapanese splits these up with separate grammar structures.\n\n[1] \nIn your example of \"Can I buy fruit\", 'can' is expressing the potential form,\nie if it possible or not to buy fruit. This can be expressed in Japanese with\nthe potential form 買える or 買うことができる.\n\n[2] \nIn your second example of \"Can I ask you a question?\", 'can' is expressing a\nrequest for permission. This is a completely different concept and uses\ndifferent grammar in Japanese. The correct way to ask this is to use\n～してもいいですか. So you can say 質問してもいいですか or something like ひとつ聞いてもいいですか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T20:46:06.217",
"id": "55270",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T08:16:15.813",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-20T08:16:15.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55267
| null |
55269
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55279",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I would like to ask a question about the title of the manga **かぐや様は告らせたい**.\n\nThe seemingly accepted translation of that title is, \"Kaguya-sama Wants to be\nConfessed To\" (See [MyAnimeList](https://myanimelist.net/manga/90125/Kaguya-\nsama_wa_Kokurasetai__Tensai-tachi_no_Renai_Zunousen) and\n[Wiki](http://kaguyasama-wa-kokurasetai.wikia.com/wiki/Kaguya-\nsama_wa_Kokurasetai_Wikia)). This very much confuses me as it seems quite\nclear that 告らせたい is the causative (使役形) of 告る and that a correct translation\nshould be:\n\nKaguya-sama Wants to Make Me/Someone Confess.\n\n**Could someone please verify my understanding or correct me if I am wrong?**\n\nI am also curious (though fairly confident that it is not so) if this title\ncould be interpreted in reverse and mean:\n\n\"I Want to Make Kaguya-sama Confess.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T19:16:35.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55268",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T01:26:20.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"causation"
],
"title": "Is 告らせたい passive?",
"view_count": 981
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your understanding is correct. It is causative.\n\n\"かぐや様は告らせたい\" is not intended to mean \"I Want to Make Kaguya-sama Confess\",\nwhich can be translated into \"かぐや様に告らせたい\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T22:31:34.227",
"id": "55273",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T22:31:34.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18667",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 「かぐや様{さま}は告{こく}らせたい」\n\nSo, someone translated this to:\n\n> \"Kaguya-sama Wants to be Confessed To\"\n\n**_Is that a literal translation?_** No, of course not, because while the\noriginal is in the causative format the TL is in the passive voice. The\nliteral translation would be exactly as you said: \"Kaguya-sama Wants to Make\nMe/Someone Confess\".\n\n**_Is that a bad translation, then?_** IMHO, no, not at all. Why not?\n\nThat is because both the original and the TL are saying the same kind of thing\nin the end. Both are saying that かぐや様 likes being (passively) confessed to by\nothers rather than (actively) confessing to them.\n\nA non-literal translation is not always an incorrect translation.\n\n> I am also curious (though fairly confident that it is not so) if this title\n> could be interpreted in reverse and mean\n>\n> \"I Want to Make Kaguya-sama Confess.\"\n\nNo, it could not. The Japanese for that would be:\n\n> 「かぐや様 **に** 告らせたい」 It is 「に」 and not 「は」.\n\nAs Socrates once said, studying Japanese means studying its particles.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T01:26:20.860",
"id": "55279",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
55268
|
55279
|
55279
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "So I'm translating this song (full lyrics\n[here](http://vocaloidlyrics.wikia.com/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88_\\(Tetsugaku_Neet\\)))\nand this song has a lot of phrases like this:\n\n> 哲学哲学哲学ニート \n> 揺れる幻に酔いしれて\n>\n> Philosophy, philosophy, philosophy NEET \n> (I'm) intoxicated in the swaying illusion\n\nI'm not sure, however, if the first and second sentences are supposed to be\nconnected with an inferred particle, i.e. \"Philosophy, philosophy NEETs are\nintoxicated in a swaying illusion.\"\n\nThis patterns repeats, and most times it seems unclear, although at the end\nthere is this phrase:\n\n> ああ哲学哲学哲学ニート \n> 僕は迷い込んだ幻想ゆめの中\n\nHere, it seems more like the first line is separate from the first, but I\ndon't know if that's a sign that ALL of the lines should be like that, or if\nit's just this one - or perhaps this could be connected also, with both the\nNEETs and \"I\" being the subject.\n\nSo my question is this: Are these lines connected, gramatically? How can you\ntell if they are or not?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T21:33:21.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55272",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T21:21:39.327",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-21T12:39:14.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "19870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Is this phrase one sentence, or two? How can you tell?",
"view_count": 217
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is actually a common thing in Japanese songs. I've even asked multiple\nJapanese people over the years about whether certain lines in songs are\nconnected and they themselves tell me \"I don't know.\" I've also been told that\n\"maybe the lyricist wrote it to be vague on purpose so you can make your own\ninterpretation\". I've been learning Japanese 10 years and now when I come\nacross lyrics like those, I usually ignore them (relative clauses are the\nworst).\n\nPersonally I think it's connected just because it makes the most sense that\nway to me, and also because the other lines like that also seem to be\nconnected. I think you should not think about it too hard.\n\nI'd love to hear what the natives here have to say though.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T19:54:19.820",
"id": "55291",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T19:54:19.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22363",
"parent_id": "55272",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think the passage is nonsensical if you are trying to do rigor grammatical\nanalysis. I am not sure the melody is at first or the lyrics is at first.\nProbably Miku Hatsune sings mysteriously with this floating lyrics.\n\nRather than ニート who is used for explaining non-motivational people, I think\nニート here is used to explain non-productive, non-sensical, unpredictable aspect\nof philosophizing comparing to rational things, say science, which is seen as\nproductive, sensical, predictable. But they can’t stop being indulgent in\nswaying illusion which probably is philosophizing.\n\nAs in the other answer, it’s a bit dadaistic and hard to get the meaning.\nTherefore, you might enjoy the atomosphere itself.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T08:56:09.757",
"id": "55313",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T08:56:09.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55272",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "From looking over the lyrics, it sounds like the subject is someone else and\nlikely one person. The song is about this person, who is a **Philosophy NEET**\n, which is the truly ambiguous part. How do you define a Philosophy NEET?\n\nA good portion of the rest of this answer will be rooted in some opinion.\n\nFrom my take, a Philosophy NEET I dissect to be a specific kind of NEET.\nDefining NEET first as _Not in Education, Employment, or Training_ , and the\nfact that a common typing (mostly true of English but sometimes true of\nJapanese as well) of _(object)+(subject)_ , means that the subject is a sort\nof fan, maniac, otaku, or the like, of object. So, in this case, the NEET is a\nfan of philosophy, and is probably a philosophical thinker, however the person\nis also a NEET. Therefore, **_Philosophy NEET_**.\n\nIf you consider the repetition and the fact that it is the first sentence in\nthe chorus for the song, it can be construed that **Philosophy NEET** is what\nthe singer is calling this person. And so, she is calling a thing by its name.\n\nSo in the case of the first example you gave, I might render it as:\n\n> 哲学哲学哲学ニート \n> (Hey,) (Philosophy-philosophy-)Philosophy NEET \n>\n>\n> 揺れる幻に酔いしれて \n> (You're) drunk on a swaying illusion\n\nAs for the sentence where you're having confusion:\n\n> ああ哲学哲学哲学ニート \n> (Hey,) (Philosophy-philosophy-)Philosophy NEET\n>\n> 僕は迷い込んだ幻想｛ゆめ｝の中 \n> I'm within an astray illusion*\n\n * Note the Kanji used spells **_illusion_** , and is commonly read 幻想｛げんそう｝, but here it is read ゆめ which is normally spelled 夢 and means **_dream_**. This is a form of parallelism.\n\nThis sounds to me like the singer is becoming influenced by the **Philosophy\nNEET**. Compare this line with a similar line earlier in the song. First she\nsings, towards the beginning:\n\n> 君は迷い込んだ夢{ゆめ}の中 \n> You're within an astray dream**\n\n * Note the Kanji used actually spells **_dream_** in its normal spelling.\n\nSo, the subject never changes as being someone else, the **Philosophy NEET**.\nThe one line where the singer talks about herself is telling the subject\nwhat's happening to her.\n\n**EDIT** : Forgot to mention. I consider each of these one sentence, but two\nseparate expressions. As in, not \"Philosophy NEET is drunk on a swaying\nillusion,\" for example, but \"Philosophy NEET, you're drunk on a swaying\nillusion\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T20:06:22.733",
"id": "55328",
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"score": 1
}
] |
55272
| null |
55291
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So I'm in the beginning stages of learning Japanese, and I'm a little lost on\ncombination characters such as kya, sho, ryo, or even the voiced characters\nsuch as gya, jo, and byu.\n\nMy question is: Are the combined characters representing a specific word in\ntranslation, or is it like a conjunction in English? (i.e. can not -> can't,\ndo not -> don't, would not -> wouldn't) Or, is it something totally different?\nAny explanation on this would be much appreciated. thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T23:41:27.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55274",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T00:20:12.883",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-19T23:56:17.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "27012",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"orthography"
],
"title": "Combination Characters",
"view_count": 372
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the sake of the answer, I am assuming you are asking about characters\nlike: `きゃ、しょ、りょ,` and voiced characters like `ぎゃ、じょ、びゅ.`\n\nThese combinations are simply phonetic sounds. This is the only way to write\nthese sounds. These combinations are like English combination sounds like `sh,\nch, ph, etc.`\n\nThese combinations in Japanese do not create words on their own, just like how\ntheir English counterparts do not create words. They only represent sounds you\nmake when you speak, and as such do not carry any meaning.\n\nIf you are talking about kanji characters, my answer will be different. Please\ncomment below and let me know if your question pertains specifically to kanji.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T23:53:42.867",
"id": "55276",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-19T23:53:42.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "55274",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I would separate the notion that a phonetic sound in かな represents a word from\nthe fact that かな is used to write the syllabic sounds used in Japanese.\nHowever, I think you mean to ask the question of whether the combination\nphonetic sounds generated by _normal かな + small かな_ , e.g. きゃ、しゅ and so on,\nare considered a single syllabic mora. That answer would be yes, despite the\nfact that it takes 2 かな to write.\n\nFor extra background, a mora is a unit of syllabic weight, and is usually\ncharacterized by what feels like a syllable in pronunciation, unless the\nsyllable contains long stress, in which case the value of the syllable is two.\n\nSo, in the case of きょ and such other sounds, this is considered one mora,\nbecause the pronunciation is a quick one, as the sound that is made is a\ncombination of the sounds from both かな but is pronounced with a fluid non-\nstressed tone.\n\nFinally, to answer your question directly: This is not like a contraction in\nEnglish, because each かな cannot be considered a word on its own. This is\ncloser to combination consonant sounds, as ajsmart answered previously, but is\nalso not quite the same because of vowel sounds.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T00:20:12.883",
"id": "55277",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T00:20:12.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21684",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55274
| null |
55276
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does the following sentence mean?\n\n> カラオケと遊ぶのが大好きです\n\nI know that it has to do with karaoke but whether it is playing karaoke or\nkaraoke and playing is the problem which I don't know.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-19T23:52:25.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55275",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T00:46:35.997",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-20T00:05:04.783",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "27013",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What does カラオケと遊ぶのが大好きです mean?",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「カラオケと遊{あそ}ぶのが大好{だいす}きです。」\n\nwould be a very poorly-written sentence if used in a composition.\n\nIn informal speech, however, some people do wind up forming sentences like\nthat. In that sense, it is real-life Japanese.\n\nIt would mean:\n\n> \"I love karaoke and playing (in general).\"\n\nIn other words, the speaker is **_listing two things_** that s/he likes doing.\nOne is specific (karaoke) and the other, non-specific (playing).\n\nWe do not say in the first place:\n\n> 「カラオケ **と** 遊ぶ」\n\nto refer to an action regarding karaoke. We would instead say:\n\n> 「カラオケをする」、「カラオケに行{い}く」、「カラオケを歌{うた}う」, etc.\n\nSome might say:\n\n> 「カラオケ **で** 遊ぶ」, but not really 「カラオケ **と** 遊ぶ」.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T00:46:35.997",
"id": "55278",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55275
| null |
55278
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm struggling to learn how to use と書くいてありました in citing from things I have\nread and learn to quote it in the japanese way. the way I use 書くいて is\napparently in the wrong tempus so is it okay to use either 書くありました or 書きありました?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T10:17:59.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55288",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T10:17:59.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "how do I use と書くいてありました in different tempus",
"view_count": 178
}
|
[] |
55288
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55290",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The Indonesians have\n[KBBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Dictionary_of_the_Indonesian_Language_of_the_Language_Center)\n(Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia or Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language\nof the Language Center) which is the official dictionary of Indonesian\nlanguage. It contains the official definition of words in Indonesian. What is\nthe equivalent for Japanese, if any?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T15:23:22.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55289",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T01:41:24.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "6978",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"dictionary"
],
"title": "Is there an official Japanese dictionary?",
"view_count": 938
}
|
[
{
"body": "There does not seem to be an 'official' dictionary. However, there are some\ndictionaries regarded as more comprehensive than others, and dictionary\npublishing in Japan remains, to this day, as a highly competitive business.\n\nUnlike other languages, Japanese (and Chinese as well) has two main types of\ndictionaries:\n\n 1. Language dictionaries\n 2. Chinese character dictionaries\n\nAmong language dictionaries, the most comprehensive ones would probably be:\n\n * [日本国語大辞典]{にほんこくごだいじてん}, the most complete reference work;\n * [広辞苑]{こうじえん}, regarded as the most authoritative. This one probably has the highest number of citations.\n\nAmong character dictionaries, the most famous one would be [大漢和辞典]{だいかんわじてん};\nit is so comprehensive that it can somewhat double as a Chinese-language\n(character) dictionary too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T15:44:26.280",
"id": "55290",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T01:41:24.507",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-21T01:41:24.507",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "55289",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
55289
|
55290
|
55290
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a question about how to translate sentences like \"the person from the\neight\", in the sense of \"the person who lives in the house number 8\". Is a\ncounter preferred/needed in this situation? If it is, is the best counter 号?\nIs it droppable, so that we can safely say 八の人?\n\nWhat motivated my question is the name of a Mexican TV show, which in English\nmeans \"the boy from the 8\". In the Japanese Wikipedia it is translated as\n『[8のチャボ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7)』.\nHowever, this title sounds a bit unnatural to me (it seems like a counter is\nmissing, but maybe the name translation is just ok because of the informal\nnature of the show).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T21:27:32.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55292",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T23:09:50.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20288",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"counters"
],
"title": "Are counters for houses used in addresses?",
"view_count": 64
}
|
[
{
"body": "Probably the number 8 is more important key than the specific location of\nwhere チャボ lives in the drama series. As the answers in the link, it is\nomittable. I don't know what's like \"house number\" is though, if it was room\nin the apartment, 8号室 is specific. If it was the number of the apartment\nbuilding itself, 8号棟 is common. I think the answerers in the link explained in\ndetail.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T23:09:50.790",
"id": "55295",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T23:09:50.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "55292",
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"score": 1
}
] |
55292
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55296",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Since ヒヤヒヤする is a verb, that I haven't really been able to find in\ndictionaries with English meaning. It seems to mean roughly to be\nnervious/anxious/afraid of something.\n\nBut that is kinda messing me up on getting the proper meaning of the following\nsentence.\n\n> 当てちゃうかと思って、ヒヤヒヤしました。\n\nContext is that two people have been sparing. And this is what one participant\nis saying to another.\n\nI think the speaker is saying they were afraid anxious that they might hit the\nother side too hard.\n\nAt least that's how I interpret てちゃうか.\n\nAlthough it could also be more that she was nervous because she was thinking\nall the time thinking \"Did I hit him \"fully\" or unfortunately\".\n\nAs of right now the provisional translation is:\n\n> I was afraid, thinking that I could hit you for real.\n\nWhich I don't think is exactly right.\n\nSo yeah, this is rambly way of asking what would be the proper translating of\nthe above phrase and how てちゃうか and ヒヤヒヤしました work here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T22:42:40.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55293",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-20T23:23:12.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Sentence with ヒヤヒヤする and てちゃうか",
"view_count": 302
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「当{あ}てちゃうかと思{おも}って、ヒヤヒヤしました。」\n\nFirst of all,\n\n「当てちゃう」 is a colloquial way of saying 「当ててしまう」 = \"to hit unintentionally\", \"to\nend up hitting unintentionally/accidentally\", etc.\n\n「当てちゃう **かと** 思って」≒「当てちゃう **かもしれない** と思って」 = \"thinking that I might hit him\n(too hard) unintentionally/accidentally\"\n\nNext, 「ヒヤヒヤする」.\n\nIt means \"to be nervous\", \"to be in fear\", \"to be on pins and needles\", etc.\nNeedless to say, it is in the famous 「 **onomatopoeia + する** 」 verb pattern.\nYou will keep encountering these for as long as you study Japanese.\n\nPutting everything together, you should have something like:\n\n> \"I was (really) nervous, thinking that I might hit him (too hard)\n> unintentionally.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-20T23:23:12.987",
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] |
55293
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|
55296
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do you translate the English phrase \"Is this guy for real?\" into its\nJapanese counterpart? The statement is uttered in a tone of disbelief. And\npreferably in an informal and colloquial setting, like the conversation\nbetween two friends, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T02:22:44.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55297",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T04:31:23.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26017",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Colloquial Japanese Translation",
"view_count": 69
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「こいつマジかよ？」\n\nor\n\n> 「マジかよ、こいつ？」\n\nwould be the best equivalent I could think of.\n\nI, however, would strongly suggest that you **not use it unless you are\nalready fairly fluent in informal Japanese**. Nothing sounds \"funnier\" and out\nof place than a slangy expression thrown in amidst an unnatural-sounding\ntextbook kind of speech.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T02:54:52.827",
"id": "55300",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T04:31:23.740",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-21T04:31:23.740",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55297",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
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| null |
55300
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55317",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Today I learned that itadaku can be written as 戴く or 頂く. According to\nTangorin, 頂 means \"place on the head; receive; top of head; top; summit; peak\"\nand 戴 has the overlapping meaning \"be crowned with; live under (a ruler);\nreceive.\"\n\nWhen would you choose one over the other? Does it depend on the occasion?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T02:27:33.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55298",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T14:20:21.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17382",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Itadakimasu: connotations of 戴 vs 頂?",
"view_count": 276
}
|
[
{
"body": "None of the monolingual dictionaries I've looked up explains the difference.\nIn everyday writings, you can just stick to 頂く when it's used as a normal\nverb, and (～て)いただく when it's used as a subsidiary verb (because subsidiary\nverbs are written in hiragana anyway).\n\n戴く is not particularly difficult for native speakers, but this character was\nnot even a 常用漢字 [until\n2010](https://www.coscom.co.jp/japanesekanji/newjoyo_bunrui.html), and even\nafter that いただく is _not_ listed as a kun-reading of this kanji.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mLtEt.png)\n\nSo 戴く is one of those \"alternative kanji\" you may consider using instead of\ncommon ones if you need to do some creative writings. Other such kanji include\n唄う, 護る, 哭く, 往く and 訊く. There are hundreds of kanji that only basically\nnovelists and lyricists use on a regular basis. I think 戴く tends to look older\nand more dignified.\n\nFinally, there seem to be quite a few clickbait online articles which are\nsaying there is some deep and essential difference. Please ignore low-quality\narticles which cite no authoritative references. Perhaps [this explanation by\nALC](https://www.alc.co.jp/jpn/article/faq/01/115.html) is worth reading.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T11:42:30.863",
"id": "55317",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55298",
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"score": 2
}
] |
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55317
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55301",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to translate a little snippet to practice my Japanese. However the\nsentence「じっくり見たことなかったですよね」is giving me some trouble.\n\nA friend of mine said that it would be more literal to translate it as \"I've\nnever studied you before\", though it doesn't exactly make sense in the\ncontext... I think _\" I've never seen you like this before\"_ would make more\nsense in the context? I'm not exactly sure how to translate it.\n\nHere's the whole panel:\n\n> か: なんだ？\n>\n> て: 眼鏡ないと印象変わるよな〜\n>\n> **つ: じっくり見たことなかったですよねー**\n>\n> か: ジロジロ見るんじゃない！\n\nAny help would be greatly appreciated!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T02:48:43.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55299",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T04:25:06.280",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27023",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to translate「じっくり見たことなかったですよね」?",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "「じっくり」 would mean \"carefully\" in this context. (The more words in the 「〇っ〇り」\npattern you learn, the more natural your Japanese will become. The second\ncharacter is the small っ and not the regular-size つ.)\n\nか: What is it?\n\nて: He looks totally different without his glasses on, doesn't he?\n\nつ: I'd never looked at him so carefully before.\n\nか: Stop staring at me like that!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T03:10:21.973",
"id": "55301",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T04:25:06.280",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-21T04:25:06.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55299
|
55301
|
55301
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55309",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 同居している25歳の女性に暴行を加え殺害した **として,** 35歳の男、兔富士直樹容疑者が 殺人の疑いで逮捕されました (Death Note Ep\n> 1)\n\nIn the above sentence, does として mean \"to assume that\", \"to consider ~\" or \"to\nview ~ as ~\"? But with these definitions, the sentence's meaning is rather\nweird. Please explain the using of として in this case. Is it necessary to have\nthe comma「、」 after として?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T03:17:13.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55302",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-26T22:05:58.873",
"last_edit_date": "2022-09-26T22:05:17.930",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27025",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of として in this case?",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "My own personal fave TL would be:\n\n> \"on suspicion of\"\n\nWhile that might not look like a literal translation of 「～～として」, it certainly\ncarries just about the same meaning and nuance.\n\nThe comma is optional, but it would be advizable to use one.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T04:38:13.257",
"id": "55304",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T04:38:13.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55302",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Jisho has 'supposing that' as one of the definitions for とする. It appears to be\nlinked with 逮捕されました. It is analogous to the following sentence from\n[Tangorin](http://tangorin.com/examples/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%20%E9%80%AE%E6%8D%95).\n\n> その男性はスパイとして逮捕された。 \n> The man was arrested as a spy.\n\nThe comma seems necessary because the sentence is broken up with another\nphrase that intervenes before 逮捕.\n\nA 35-year-old male, 兔富士直, was arrested on suspicion of assaulting and\nmurdering a 25-year-old female whom he cohabited with.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T06:39:11.043",
"id": "55309",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-26T22:05:58.873",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "21868",
"parent_id": "55302",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
55302
|
55309
|
55304
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55307",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So throwing this phrase into GOOG Translate gives me \"limited model\", I know\nthis phrase is used quite frequently in Japan, but thinking about it a bit\nrealized I have never actually heard \"limited model\" used back stateside...\n\nSo would「限定モデル」be applicable to \"limited edition\" (\"limited edition model\"),\n\"special edition\" or something else like a nerfed edition?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T04:51:24.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55305",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T06:20:50.720",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-21T05:49:44.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "20413",
"owner_user_id": "20413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "「限定モデル」... Limited edition? Special edition? etc",
"view_count": 551
}
|
[
{
"body": "Weblio has _limited model_ as the translation for 限定モデル (from JST科学技術用語日英対訳辞書)\nor _special specificaiton model for limited sales_ (from 英和対訳). As these don't\nsound natural to me, I turned to linguee.\n\nFrom [https://www.linguee.com/english-\njapanese/search?source=auto&query=%E9%99%90%E5%AE%9A%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB](https://www.linguee.com/english-\njapanese/search?source=auto&query=%E9%99%90%E5%AE%9A%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB).\n\nショパールの150周年を記念して、同社の遺産に敬意を表して製作されたL.U.C 1937の限定モデルが発表されました\n\nFor Chopard’s 150th anniversary, the Manufacture launched a limited edition of\nthe L.U.C 1937 model – a mechanical tribute to the company’s watchmaking\nheritage.\n\nジョゼフ・シドローヴィッツ氏の卓越したデザインと木工技術は、カスタムメイドのスタインウェ イ 限定モデル の 制 作には欠かせません\n\nare essential in meeting the design and manufacturing challenges of creating\nSteinway custom and limited edition pianos\n\nAs these examples show, \"limited edition\" is a normal translation in context.\n\nGoogle Translate is often unreliable and sometimes downright misleading or\nnonsensical. I wouldn't rely on it too much for Japanese if it can be avoided.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T06:14:41.760",
"id": "55307",
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"last_editor_user_id": "21868",
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"parent_id": "55305",
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}
] |
55305
|
55307
|
55307
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are there differences between the 2 and what are they if they are not\ninterchangeable?\n\nりき入ってんじゃん. For this sentence \"(He) sure is putting power into it.\", could\nchikara be used instead? E.g. ちから入ってんじゃん.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T08:53:36.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55312",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T13:42:52.933",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-21T13:42:52.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "22417",
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"nuances"
],
"title": "りき vs ちから for 力",
"view_count": 241
}
|
[
{
"body": "ちからが入る is a very common set phrase, which can mean both \"(for a muscle) to\nphysically strain (under pressure, etc)\" and \"to put much effort on\nsomething\".\n\n> * (while practicing tennis) 肩の筋肉に力【ちから】が入ってしまっている。もっと力を抜いて、リラックスしてプレイしなさい。\n> * 締切が近いので、彼は仕事に力【ちから】が入っている。\n>\n\nリキが入る is a fairly uncommon and slangy expression. From what I understand, it\nusually means \"to put much effort on something\" or \"to do something\nseriously\". I may be wrong, and others may use it differently. I never use\nthis phrase, but maybe so-called 体育会系 people tend to use this more often.\n\n> * おお、仕事にリキ入ってんじゃん。\n>\n\nIf there is no furigana, you can read it as ちから.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T10:03:59.940",
"id": "55315",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55312",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55312
| null |
55315
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55316",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A Japanese friend wrote to me: なぜsomethingsomethingに興味あるのですか。\n\n 1. Shouldn't she have used が before ある?\n 2. Could you just say ありますか instead of あるのですか?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T09:15:20.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55314",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T10:41:12.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27028",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"questions"
],
"title": "How does あるのですか work in this gramatically?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "「なぜ～に興味あるのですか」 is a perfectly valid sentence, if not very formal.\n\n 1. In formal sentences, yes, が is necessary here. In casual sentences (particularly in speech), particles are often omitted. See: [What are the guidelines of omitting particles?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3151/5010)\n 2. This の is almost mandatory because this sentence is [seeking an explanation based on the previous context](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/question-markers/) (which is of course \"you are interested in something\"). So saying ありますか instead of あるのですか would sound awfully unnatural. Basically の (or ん) is almost always used when you ask a reason using なぜ/どうして.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T10:36:01.040",
"id": "55316",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T10:41:12.040",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-21T10:41:12.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55314",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55314
|
55316
|
55316
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55344",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In [these\nlyrics](http://www.kget.jp/lyric/64673/WE+ARE+SAINT+%EF%BD%9E%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%AE%E8%AA%93%E3%81%84%EF%BD%9E_%E5%BD%B1%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%92%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8E%E3%83%96%2C+BROADWAY),\nI came across the following verses:\n\n```\n\n 夜明けの光り 眩しい仲間\n 宇宙の神話 今日もはじまる\n 未来をめざして\n \n```\n\nDoes the particle も indicate emphasis of 今日 in this case? My best guess is\nthat the second line should be translated as \"It is now that the mythology of\nthe universe begins\" (in the sense that the it starts right now, not in\nanother situation). Translating the sentence as \"The mythology of the universe\n_also_ starts today\" sounds unfamiliar.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T13:10:19.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55318",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-23T01:44:24.633",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-22T03:29:40.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20288",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Best translation of 今日も始まる",
"view_count": 240
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 夜明{よあ}けの光{ひか}り 眩{まぶ}しい仲間{なかま}\n>\n> 宇宙{うちゅう}の神話{しんわ} 今日{きょう} **も** はじまる\n>\n> 未来{みらい}をめざして\n\nYour question has already been answered by @Chocolate above, so all I am doing\nwould be to add my own perspective.\n\nThe second line would mean:\n\n> \"A/The mythology of the universe starts again today.\"\n\nIt is \"today too\" and not \"mythology too\" because 「も」 generally modifies the\nimmediately preceding word.\n\nWhy use \"today\" at all in the first place? IMHO, that would be because this is\na theme for anime, correct? In a televised anime series, the viewers would\nnaturally tend to expect an interesting story to take place in each episode.\nBy saying 「宇宙の神話 **今日も** はじまる」, it inspires a feeling of hope that something\nexciting would happen _**again today**_ in the episode that one is about to\nwatch.\n\nIn that sense, one could say that the lyrics for anime themes can be subtly \"\n_commercially manipulated_ \" like this. In other words, anime theme lyrics\nshould not be analyzed too straightforwardly using the regular\nprose/composition grammar or phrasing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-22T13:10:26.173",
"id": "55344",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-23T01:44:24.633",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55318",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55318
|
55344
|
55344
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55324",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I usually followed several Japanese actors on SNS.\n\nSometime when they have an audition, people usually cheer them by commenting\n\"頑張って/頑張ってください\".\n\nHowever, I learned that some of them doesn't really like this because they are\nalready doing their best.\n\nI was wondering if there are any other sentences that I can use? I wanna say\ngood luck as well, but the english equivalent is also 頑張って...\n\nThe only thing I came up with it is 応援してるよ。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T14:07:54.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55319",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T14:31:51.167",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-22T14:31:51.167",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19458",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Is there another cheering phase to say rather than 頑張って？",
"view_count": 640
}
|
[
{
"body": "You could say:\n\n・「ファイト！」\n\n・「気楽{きらく}にね！」\n\n・「うまくいきますように！」\n\n・「しっかりね！」\n\n・「応援{おうえん}してま～す！」\n\n・「（ご）成功{せいこう}を祈{いの}ってます！♡」\n\nI could go all night long with this, but as you seem to know, none of these\nwill ever be nearly as common as the plain ol' 「がんばって」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T15:12:56.130",
"id": "55324",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T15:12:56.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "55319",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "Probably 御武運{ごぶうん｝を。also works. You can also see the character signifies \"good\nluck\" in the sentence. I guess in English \"finger crossed\" or something.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-22T09:05:46.167",
"id": "55341",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T09:05:46.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "55319",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55319
|
55324
|
55324
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55322",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is a typical Kana chart presented in gojūon order:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2Wus0.png)\n\nIn English, I refer to the first column in the chart as the 'vowels' and I\nrefer to every other column in the chart with the first letter of each Kana in\nEnglish (K, S, T...).\n\nHow would I refer to a particular column of this chart in spoken Japanese?\n\nIf for example, I was struggling to remember a word such as 'りんご' but I could\nonly remember the consanant part from the final consonant + vowel pair\n(ri,n,g—), how could I say...\n\n> \"I think the last kana was a 'g—' kana...\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T14:31:57.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55320",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T20:12:37.453",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-24T12:05:32.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "19278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"kana",
"terminology"
],
"title": "What are the Japanese names of the columns in a Kana chart? (Vowels, K, S, T...)",
"view_count": 1991
}
|
[
{
"body": "The word you are looking for is 「行{ぎょう}」.\n\nTherefore, the columns are named 「ア行」、「カ行」、「サ行」, etc.\n\n> How could I say \"I think the last kana was a 'g—' kana...'?\n\nYou could say:\n\n> 「最後{さいご}の文字{もじ}は **ガ行のかな** だったと思{おも}う。」\n\nIn case someone is wondering what we call the horizontal rows of kana on that\nchart, they are called 「段{だん}」. We say 「ア段」、「イ段」, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T14:42:12.597",
"id": "55322",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-01T20:12:37.453",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-01T20:12:37.453",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55320",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 21
}
] |
55320
|
55322
|
55322
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know the **name/Google keyword** of the grammar point (to\nsearch for further reading on Google).\n\nWhen you add します to a noun, it become a verb.\n\n仕事 = work (noun) \n仕事 します= I work",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T16:02:46.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55325",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T01:17:00.173",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27030",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the name of grammar that change noun to verb by adding (します)?",
"view_count": 93
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's [名詞]{めいし}の[動詞化]{どうしか} as a noun phrase or [名詞]{めいし}を[動詞化]{どうしか}する in a\nverb form.\n\nThis might be of your help: <https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/3942450.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-22T01:17:00.173",
"id": "55335",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T01:17:00.173",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18667",
"parent_id": "55325",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55325
| null |
55335
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55333",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to improve my Japanese by imagining hypothetical situations, and\nthen determining the most natural way to respond to them.\n\nSituation: Walking at night, someone rides into me with their bike. They say\nsorry, I guess \"ごめんなさい”. I'm not bothered by it and want to say \"it's ok\"\n\nI say: ああ、大丈夫。気にしないで、構わないです。よろしくお願いします。\n\nintended as: oh! It's ok.. don't worry about it, I don't mind. Take care/have\na good night.\n\nDoes this sound natural or am I misusing these expressions? Any suggestions on\nhow to make a more natural response?\n\nThanks.. よろしくお願いします!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T17:08:43.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55326",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T00:35:28.663",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "Hypothetical situation: someone bumps into me with their bike.. what do I say?",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I say: ああ、大丈夫{だいじょうぶ}。気{き}にしないで、構{かま}わないです。 **よろしくお願{ねが}いします。**\n\nThis response looks okay **_except_** for the last part. I am quite perplexed\nas to why you would want to say 「よろしくお願いします」 in this situation.\n\n「よろしくお願いします」, **as a parting greeting** , is generally used in situations\nwhere you have requested someone to do something. In other words, it often has\nthe nuance of \" **Thanks in advance!** \", which is why your other use of the\nphrase at the very end of your question is appropriate.\n\n(I see users here say ありがとう at the end of their questions, but that makes\nlittle to no sense. That is said only **AFTER** the service has been rendered,\nor in this case, after an answer has been posted. It is not said in advance\nlike \"Thanks!\" is in English.)\n\nIf, however, you have specifically asked the biker to drive more carefully and\ns/he has said that she would, you could then correctly reply 「よろしくお願いします」.\n\nExamples of how native speakers might phrase this:\n\n・「大丈夫です（よ）。でも気を付{つ}けてね。危{あぶ}ないから。」\n\n・「ビックリした～。ぎりぎりセーフ！よく見{み}て走{はし}ってね。」\n\n・「ケガはないから、大丈夫。気にしなくていいよ。」\n\nI myself would **_not_** use 「構わないです」 as I might sound like I was saying you\ncould bump into me as many times as you wanted.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-22T00:35:28.663",
"id": "55333",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "55326",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
55326
|
55333
|
55333
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55330",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand the difference between the those words. After looking\nup in a dictionary, there entries list (roughly) \"to wish\" . But I think,\nthat's because they are all written with the kanji 望 (desire?) right?\n\nCan someone explain me those words more in detail?\n\nFeel free to use example sentences.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T19:04:52.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55327",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T22:21:47.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25772",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 希望 要望 志望 野望?",
"view_count": 559
}
|
[
{
"body": "* **希望** : [noun, suru-verb] wish, (abstract and beautiful) hope\n * **願望** : [noun] (concrete) wish, will, desire\n * **要望** : [noun, suru-verb] request (as in feature request, support request, ...)\n * **志望** : [noun] (only used in the context of deciding one's life course) intention, wish, choice; [suffix forming a no-adjective] aspiring; would-be; wannabe\n * **野望** : [noun] ambition",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T22:21:47.543",
"id": "55330",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T22:21:47.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55327",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
55327
|
55330
|
55330
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I can't come up with an example right now. But hypothetically let's say there\nwas a word that was ka. And they combined it with ku to make a new word. then\nit'd become kagu instead of kaku. It usually gets softened like that. Why is\nthat?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T20:18:38.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55329",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-21T20:52:24.750",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-21T20:52:24.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20228",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"rendaku"
],
"title": "Why is it that when words get combined, the sound often gets softened?",
"view_count": 71
}
|
[] |
55329
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've heard different things - on the one hand saying things like 高いか, きれいか, or\n飲むか is too aggressive, but in my grammar book it says that か is used with\ninformal forms. Furthermore I'm told that instead of using か with informal\nforms, one should simply slightly raise one's voice.\n\nFinally, I've heard questions simply asked by using だ, such as in それがどういう意味だ?\nor 何だ?\n\nI'd appreciate some clarification. Thanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T22:59:25.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55331",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T22:00:29.493",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-22T05:15:30.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"particle-か"
],
"title": "In informal speech is か used or omitted?",
"view_count": 484
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 高いか, きれいか, or 飲むか\n\nIf you say them with slightly raising voice, they are questions, too\naggressive (or they sound rude, rough or impolite) and informal. \nUsually we say like 高い, きれい, or 飲む with lightly raising voice in daily\nconversation instead.\n\nBy the way 飲むか with strong and without raising voice, it means \"I reject to\ndrink\". If you say \"a verb + か\" with this kind of voice it means to reject to\ndo the action of the verb.\n\n> それがどういう意味だ? or 何だ?\n\nIf you say them with strong voice, they sound extremely aggressive, and in\ngeneral you can expect that a phrase inducing fights or quarrels like \"文句あるのか？\n_Are you complaining?_ _Have you any objection?_ or _Do you have anything to\ncomplain about?_ \" will continue.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-22T05:11:56.397",
"id": "55339",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T05:11:56.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "55331",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55331
| null |
55339
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55334",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context. Characters A and B have just gotten defeated by younger character C.\nAnd it has been about a year or so since they last met.\n\n> A: 若い子の相手は、そろそろキツいわー\n>\n> B: 年だかんねえ、あたしたちも。\n\nMy problem in general with A and B is that they seem to tent to really\ncolloquial language, especially A.\n\nBut anyway, first of, the problematic bit is そろそろキツいわー. I think キツい is きつい\nwhich was for some reason written using katakana. わー is likely some sort of\nuntranslatable exclamation. My problem is そろそろ + きつい since it isn't excatly\nlogical to say slowly formidable. So as of now I'm translating it as:\n\n> This young girl is steadily becoming formidable…\n\nbut I'm not 100% certain.\n\nFor the B's dialogue, 年だかんねえ is problematic. After some digging I was able to\nfigure out that 年だかんねえ= 年だからねえ. So I'm thinking that she MIGHT be saying that\ntheir defeat and growth of C is because it's been a year. あたしたち is probably\nthere to add that it's been a year for them too (since they were retired for\nthat time). ねえ is just there to make it rhetorical. SO for now the translation\nis:\n\n> It’s been a year for us too.\n\nSo basically the question is am I right? Where am I wrong? And is there any\nspecial meaning behind using katakana instead of hiragana for キツ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-21T23:46:16.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55332",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T01:43:36.037",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"colloquial-language",
"onomatopoeia",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "Translation check そろそろキツい and だかんねえ",
"view_count": 191
}
|
[
{
"body": "> A: 若{わか}い子{こ}の相手{あいて}は、そろそろキツいわー\n>\n> B: 年{とし}だかんねえ、あたしたちも。\n\nWhere to start? I'll be honest. You're having a harder time than you seem to\nthink with these lines.\n\n「そろそろ」, in this context, means \" _ **gradually**_ \".\n\n「キツい」 here means _**\" tough\", \"difficult\", \"hard\"**_, etc. The reason for the\nkatakana use is that it is used for the colloquial/slangy meaning of 「きつ い」,\nwhich orignally means \"tight\". The use of katakana for that purpose is\nextremely common.\n\n> わー is likely some sort of untranslatable exclamation.\n\nPrecisely.\n\nMore importantly, the subject of the first sentence is 「相手」 and not 「若い子」. The\nsubject is \" _ **facing young kids**_ \" and not \"young kids\".\n\nOn to the second line..\n\n「年{とし}」 here means \" _ **old**_ \" and not \"year\". Trust me, you will encounter\nthis usage over and over.\n\n「だか **ん** ねえ」 is the Kanto colloquialism for 「だか **ら** ねえ」 as you guessed. The\nmore colloquial native speakers get, the more ん's and small っ's they use.\n\nThus, my own TL would be:\n\n> \"It's gradually getting tough to face young(er) kids.\"\n>\n> \"'Cause we're getting old, eh?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-22T01:13:27.953",
"id": "55334",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T01:43:36.037",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55332",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55332
|
55334
|
55334
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I saw the following example sentence on [WaniKani](https://www.wanikani.com):\n\nあそこに立っている外人の男の人のとなりにいる女の人があのゆう名なまつい一代さんです。\n\n_The lady next to the foreign guy standing over there is THE famous Kazuyo\nMatsui._\n\nThe part I'm confused about is the name at the end: まつい一代さんです。\n\nFrom what I've learned I would pronounce 一代 as ichidai (lifetime). I've not\never seen either 一 or 代 pronounced in this way (kazuyo) before.\n\nIf there's not some other trick going on, how is かずよ divided among the two\nkanji?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-22T01:22:25.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55336",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T01:22:25.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26055",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names"
],
"title": "一代 pronounced as かずよ？",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[] |
55336
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55345",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "# 日本語\n\nこの前、就職の面接で、この質問が頭に浮かんできました。普段しゃべるとき、私はよく「やる」とやるの活用を使っていますが、面接では「やる」より「する」や「します」の方が丁寧だと感じます。たまに「する」が使えませんが、その場合、「やる」を使ってもいいですか。そうでない場合、何と言うべきですか。\n\nちなみに、先に [Differences in usage between する and\nやる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15383/differences-in-usage-\nbetween-%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-and-%E3%82%84%E3%82%8B) を見ましたが、私の質問には答えていないと思います。\n\n言い換えると、以下のことを聞きたいです。\n\n 1. 「する」は「やる」より丁寧ですか。\n 2. 「やる」を別の表現で言い換えるのが難しい場合、面接で使えますか。\n 3. （必要に応じて）「やる」の代わりに何が使えますか。\n\n# English\n\nEarlier during a job interview, this question came to mind. Often when I speak\nin Japanese, I use \"yaru\" and its variations conjugations, but my impression\nis that it's not as polite as \"suru\" or \"shimasu.\" Also there are some cases\nwhere \"suru\" cannot be substituted in, in such cases is it acceptable to use\n\"yaru\"? If not, what should one use?\n\nBy the way, I looked at [Differences in usage between する and\nやる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15383/differences-in-usage-\nbetween-%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-and-%E3%82%84%E3%82%8B) but it doesn't appear to be\nanswering my question.\n\nIn short, my question is as follows:\n\n 1. Is \"suru\" more polite than \"yaru\"?\n 2. when there's no easy alternative to \"yaru\" can it be used in an interview?\n 3. what are some practical alternatives to saying \"yaru\" (should this be necessary)?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-22T02:14:21.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55338",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-22T14:34:19.310",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "やる in interviews and other polite contexts",
"view_count": 286
}
|
[
{
"body": "> １．「する」は「やる」より丁寧ですか。\n\n「する」自身は普通の表現であって丁寧な表現ではないですが、「やる」に比べれば相対的に丁寧です。逆に言いますと、「する」と言えるときに「やる」というのは明らかに粗野な表現です。\n\n> ２．「やる」を別の表現で言い換えるのが難しい場合、面接で使えますか。\n\nどのような時を難しい場合と言っているか分かりませんが、次のような２つの状況を想定して回答します。\n\n(1) [Differences in usage between する and\nやる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15383/differences-in-usage-\nbetween-%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-and-%E3%82%84%E3%82%8B)\nの中に、「する」ではなく「やる」としか表現できない場合は、「やる」を使うのが普通の表現ですので、面接でもそのまま使えます。 \n(2)\n本来「する」を使うべき時に、面接時の緊張からうっかり「やる」と言った場合には、あなたが日本人でないことは明白でしょうから、言い換えれば良いでしょう。もし、面接官と打ち解けた話ができる状況であれば、あなたが今まで「する」と「やる」の使い分けでどんなにたくさん勉強してきたかを披露し、それでも使い分けが難しく間違うことがあると伝えるのも一つの方法です。更に打ち解けているのなら「やっちゃった！」と「やる」を使った表現で愛嬌を振りまいてその場をしのいでください。\n\n> ３．（必要に応じて）「やる」の代わりに何が使えますか。\n\n実際に何が言いたいのか、あるいは、文脈に依存しますので、具体的に必要な状況を含めて質問してください。そのとき、適切な回答ができると思います。",
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"body": "両方使えるとき「する」が「やる」より丁寧だとは必ずしも言えません。また、具体的にそういう例がよくあるわけではありません。\n\n例えば、「ある仕事を決断し実行する」という意味では、ふつう「やる」を使います。\n\n * やりたい仕事\n * やるべき時にやる\n * 『すぐやる課』 \n\nこういうときに「する」のほうが丁寧だと思い込んで「やる」を使うのは良くないと考えるのは過剰修正です。\n\nなので、あまり気にしなくていいと思います。",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-22T14:34:19.310",
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"body": "I came across this example in Genki I\n\n> .....まどの近く **に** 座っています\n\nAnd I was wondering about the use of に here and if we can replace it with で to\nmake\n\n> ......まどの近く **で** 座っています\n\nIs it correct? Please explain if possible. And thank you in advance.",
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"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-で",
"に-and-で"
],
"title": "The use of で and に with 座る",
"view_count": 1361
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[
{
"body": "# English\n\n> (1) 窓{まど}の近く **に** 座っています。 \n> (2) 窓｛まど｝の近く **で** 座っています。\n\nI'll answer the question based on the explanation\n[here](http://blog.livedoor.jp/touxia-book/archives/5512810.html). \nBoth (1) and (2) are correct. \nHowever, the nuance is slightly different. \n(1) means \"the place where you are sitting\" is \"near the window\", while (2)\nmeans that the place where the act of \"sitting\" is done is \"near the window\".\n\nThe \"point\" of the difference between \"に\" and \"で\" is the verb that comes after\neach of them.\n\n> The case particle \"に\" is used in the case of the verb of **existence**. \n> The case particle \"で\" is used in the case of a verb of **action/conduct**.\n\nTherefore, the following construction of a sentence is a principle. \n\"～に（…が）ある・いる\" \n\"～で…する\"\n\nHowever, there are verbs in which both \"に\" and \"で\" are used as follows.\n\n> 作{つく}る, 生｛う｝まれる, 育｛そだ｝つ, 消{き}える, 暮｛く｝らす, 建｛た｝てる, 投｛な｝げる, etc.\n\n\"座る\" in the example sentence presented by the questioner is also a verb that\nboth case particles can be used.\n\nIn the case of verbs in which both case particles can be used, \"で\" represents\naction/conduct and \"に\" can represent existence/place. \nMore strictly speaking, \"に\" would mean that the result of the action (the\nresult of conduct) is realized there.\n\nI'll show example sentences using verbs that could be attached to both case\nparticles of \"で\" and \"に\" as follows.\n\n新{あたら}しい施設｛しせつ｝が中国｛ちゅうごく｝のテレビ工場｛こうじょう｝ **に** 作｛つく｝られた。… The place where the\nfacilities were \"constructed\" is in the TV factory in China. \nこのテレビは中国の工場 **で** 作られた。… The act of making \"televisions\" was done in China.\n\n田舎｛いなか｝ **で** 暮｛く｝らす。… It is a \"田舎 _countryside_ \" where the act of \"living\"\nis done. \n田舎 **に** 暮らす。… The place where someone is \"living\" is a countryside.\n\n森{もり} **で** 家｛いえ｝を建｛た｝てた。… The act of building a house was done in the forest.\nThere is not necessarily the house in the forest. \n森 **に** 家を建てた。… The place where a house was built is a forest.\n\n河原｛かわら｝ **で** 石｛いし｝を投｛な｝げる。… It is \"河原 _riverbed_ \" that the act of \"投げる\n_throwing_ \" a stone is done. No one knows where the stone is. \n河原 **に** 石を投げる。… The place as the target of \"throwing\" a stone is \"河原\n_riverbed_ \". The stone should be on the riverbed.\n\n彼｛かれ｝は都会｛とかい｝ **で** 生｛う｝まれた/育｛そだ｝った。 \n彼は都会 **に** 生まれた/育った。\n\n彼の姿｛すがた｝は人｛ひと｝混｛ご｝み **で** 消｛き｝えた。 \n彼の姿は人混み **に** 消えた。\n\n# 日本語\n\n> (1) 窓の近く **に** 座っています。 \n> (2) 窓の近く **で** 座っています。\n\n[ここ][2]の説明に基づいて回答します。\n\n(1)、(2)ともに間違っていません。 \nただし、ニュアンスが少し違います。 \n(1) は、「座っている」場所が「窓の近く」と言う意味で、(2) は、「座る」という行為が行われた場所が「窓の近く」という意味です。\n\n「に」と「で」の違いの「ポイント」は、後に来る動詞です。\n\n> * 格助詞「に」は、 **存在性** の動詞の場合に使われます。\n> * 格助詞「で」は、 **動作・行為性** の動詞の場合に使われます。\n>\n\n従って、 \n「～に（…が）ある・いる」 \n「～で…する」 \nというのが原則です。\n\nただ、以下のように「に」「で」の両方が使われる動詞もあります。\n\n> 「作る」「生まれる」「育つ」「消える」「暮らす」「建てる」「投げる」\n\n**質問者が提示した「座る」も両方で使われる動詞に該当します。**\n\nその場合も、「に」は存在（場所）を表し、「で」は動作（行為）を表すということができます。 \nもっと厳密に言えば、「に」は、動作の結果（動作・行為の結果）がそこにおいて実現していることを表す、となると思います。\n\n「に」「で」両方の格助詞につらなる動詞を使った例文を以下に示します。\n\n新しい施設が中国のテレビ工場 **に** 作られた。…施設が「作られ」てある場所が中国。 \nこのテレビは中国の工場 **で** 作られた。…テレビを「作る」という行為が行われたのが中国。\n\n田舎 **で** 暮らす。…「暮らす」という行為が行われているのが田舎。 \n田舎 **に** 暮らす。…「暮ら」している場所が田舎。\n\n森 **で** 家を建てた。…「建て」るという行為が行われたのが森。森に家があるとは限らない。 \n森 **に** 家を建てた。…「建て」られた家のある場所が森。\n\n河原 **で** 石を投げる。…「投げる」という行為が行われたのが河原。石はどこにあるか決まらない。 \n河原 **に** 石を投げる。…「投げ」た目標（対象）としての場所が河原。石は河原にあるはず。\n\n彼は都会 **で** 生まれた/育った。 \n彼は都会 **に** 生まれた/育った。\n\n彼の姿は人混み **で** 消えた。 \n彼の姿は人混み **に** 消えた。",
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"body": "For 座る, the place where (or object on which) one sits is marked with に. I\nwould say that\n\n * ～の近くで座る is **unnatural**\n * ～の近くに座る is **natural**.\n\n### Explanation\n\nVerbs which are _inherently linked to a location_ — such as 行く, 住む, いる, etc. —\nhave this location marked by **に**.\n\nVerbs for which the location is only circumstantial (i.e. additional\ninformation) — such as 食べる, 遊ぶ, 勉強する, etc. — have this location marked by\n**で**.\n\n### Numerical evidence\n\nThe Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ) contains no\ninstances of 近くで＋座る. It does contain some instances of で＋座る, but none of these\nuse で to mark the location where the sitting takes place...\n\n* * *\n\n### Case study 寝る\n\nOne interesting verb to look at for the difference between に and で is 寝る. The\nnumbers in BCCWJ are ambiguous:\n\n * に＋寝る `1,337 results`\n * で＋寝る `1,222 results`\n\nHowever, 寝る has two common meanings\n\n 1. 横たわる _to lie down_\n 2. 眠る _to sleep_\n\nand the choice between に and で is not as ambiguous as the rough numbers would\nsuggest. For 寝る \"to sleep\", the location is circumstantial/additional\ninformation and should be marked with で; for 寝る \"to lie down\", the location is\ninherent to the meaning of the verb and should be marked with に.\n\n> A： Cさんまだ起きている？ \n> B： いや、ベンチ **で** 寝ている。",
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"body": "> A：「この本 借りてくよ。」 \n> B：「あっ 学校の本は持ち出し禁止です。」 \n> A：「じゃあ 黙っといてよ。」 \n> B：「規則ですから **そういう** わけには。」\n\n* * *\n\nIn this exchange, when B says「そういうわけには。」, what does そういう refer to? Is she\nsaying that she cannot keep quiet about A borrowing books, or more simply that\nA cannot borrow books? Is the scope of that phrase just the line immediately\nbefore or is it the situation as a whole?\n\nAlso, just so I'm clear, わけには is short for わけにはいかない, yes?",
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"tags": [
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"title": "What is そういう referring to in this dialogue?",
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"body": "I think B is saying that Because it's the rules, they can't do it like that\n(stay silent). Although I mostly base it on\n[examples](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%82%8F%E3%81%91%E3%81%AB%22).\nAnd yes, in this case わけには is definitelly short from of わけにはいかない and そういう\nrefers to the proposed \"solution\".",
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"body": "A very frequent usage of わけにはいかない is for something you can't do for moral\nreasons. \nSo I'd translate the last question as : It's the rule, so I'd never do such a\nthing/what you say (and stay silent about you taking out that book).",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-02T13:28:00.960",
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"body": "In the 4th sentence of the 3rd paragraph of\n[坊ちゃん](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/752_14964.html) is: \n \n\n> 古川の持っている田圃の井戸を埋めて尻を持ち込まれた事もある。\n\n \n \nI am not sure what is meant by 尻を持ち込まれた. \n \n\n[According to\nWeblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%B0%BB%E3%82%92%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A1%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80)\nit means:\n\n> 問題の後始末を他の人に頼む。\n\n \n\nI take it to mean that 古川 asked someone (not the narrator) to empty out the\nwell which the narrator filled. Would this be accurate? For some reason it\nseems a bit odd.\n\nThank you",
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"tags": [
"definitions"
],
"title": "Meaning of 尻を持ち込む",
"view_count": 157
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"body": "明鏡国語辞典 says:\n\n> 尻を持ち込む -- 後始末をつけるよう関係者に迫る。\n\nSo... here in your example I think it's closer to 後始末をつけるよう **[迫]{せま}る**\n\"demand, press\", than ～頼む \"ask\".\n\n> 古川の持っている田圃の井戸を埋めて尻を持ち込まれた事もある。\n\n古川 demanded the narrator (or probably his family) to empty out the well which\nhe filled.",
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"body": "If なのに already shows contradiction, what's the purpose of 'んだけど'? Would be\npossible? Example: 変顔なのに可愛いんだけど",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-23T02:26:21.113",
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"tags": [
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"title": "なのに and んだけど in the same sentence",
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"body": "> 「変顔{へんがお} **なのに** 可愛{かわい}いんだ **けど** 。」 (\"S/He's got a funny face, but s/he\n> is cute....\")\n\nis a **_perfectly_** natural-sounding (and informal) sentence. How could it\nbe?\n\n「けど」, when used **_mid-sentence_** , is a contradictory conjunction as you\nseem to have already learned.\n\nWhen 「けど」 is used at the **_end of a sentence_** as a sentence-ending\nparticle, however, it is a whole different story. **_It is used to beat around\nthe bush by not expressing oneself clearly_**.\n\nTo discuss what was left unsaid would be difficult without more context and/or\na background story, but it would be something along the lines of 「なんでだろう」\n(\"why would that be?\")、「変{へん}だよね」 (\"It's so weird\"), etc.\n\nSee definition #4 in\n[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%91%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A9%E3%82%82-491210#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\nwhere it says:\n\n> ④ はっきり言{い}わず、遠回{とおまわ}しに述{の}べる気持{きも}ちを表{あらわ}す。\n\nThat means what I said above about beating around the bush.",
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"body": "If I wanted to say \"My opinion is different from yours\" would I say\n僕の意見はあなたのと違います?",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-23T06:47:44.797",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Would I use の in this sentence?",
"view_count": 87
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[
{
"body": "> 「僕{ぼく} **の** 意見{いけん}はあなた **の** と違{ちが}います。」\n\nis simply a perfect sentence in every way.\n\n「あなたの」 here means \" ** _yours_** \".\n\n> \"My opinion is different from yours.\"\n\nInformally, some native speakers would tend to drop the second 「の」, though.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-23T14:39:32.353",
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"body": "In Chinese, 超级 means ‘super’. E.g 超级市场 means ‘supermarket’, or 超级战士 means\n‘supersoldier’, etc etc. Of course, I've looked up each kanji separately, and\nit turns out that 超 is chō in Japanese and 级 is kyū.\n\nSo the question is, does the term 超级 chōkyū actually exist in Japanese? I'm\nasking because I've tried searching for the term 'chōkyū', but came up with\nnone. Then again, it just seems to make sense intuitively, I mean the way in\nwhich we always derive the Japanese versions from Chinese terms. Does it work\nin this case?\n\nAnd here's another thing, suppose that 超级 'chōkyū' exists in Japanese, is its\nmeaning the same as in Chinese (meaning super).\n\nLastly, how exactly does one say things like Supermarket or supersoldier in\nJapanese? I mean, other than using ‘sūpā’. Does chōkyū shijō {超级市场} or chōkyū\nsenshi {超级战士} work?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-23T09:41:26.720",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Is there a Japanese translation for the Chinese term, 超级?",
"view_count": 344
}
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[
{
"body": "超級 doesn't have the meaning of ‘super’ or ‘supermarket’ in the Japanese\nlanguage.\n\nI think of only one word in which 超級 is used. It is 100kg超級. It means \"over\n100kg weight class in Judo\".",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-23T11:05:22.103",
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{
"body": "Of course there are Japanese translations for the Chinese 超级 (超級), スーパー _sūpā_\nor 超{ちょう} _chō_ (without 級) come to mind. However, 超級 is not used with this\nmeaning.\n\nThe only instances of 超級 seem to be expressions like 100kg超級 _over 100kg\ncategory/division_ , where 超 means \"over\" and 級 means \"class, division,\ncategory\".\n\nFor 超 you have words like 超並列コンピューター _super parallel computer_ , etc. スーパー and\n超{ちょう} are interchangeable, which you can see in ドラゴンボール, using 超{スーパー}:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hW5Lt.png)",
"comment_count": 5,
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"body": "スーパー is correct answer. 超 could be both used as an adverb and an adjective,\nbut there is no such kanji arrangement as 超级 in Japanese，see\n[goo辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/54677/meaning/m0u/)。 And it is because\nthat when using kanji 級, it has to have, or come with another word that\nsuggest \"class\", or 等級, in expreesion. Obviously, those two examples given\nabove don't in CHinese, so not in Japanese either. While in Chinese, it\ndoesn't matter a lot, for 级/級（not the true hanzi in traditonal CHinese area,\n[see](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B4%9A) ）has no meaning, except when\nassociated with concept \"class\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-23T11:07:39.060",
"id": "55360",
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"body": "超級 exists, and is not rare in the game/manga industry. For example\n[パズドラ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzle_%26_Dragons) is one of the most\nsuccessful smartphone games in Japan, and have many 超級クエスト which is even more\ndifficult than 上級 quests:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8Z3uI.png)\n\nI guess you can find the word 超級戦士 in some Dragon-Ball-like manga, too,\nalthough katakana loanwords tends to be preferred in many cases.\n\nAs other answers suggest, this type of 超級 is relatively uncommon outside of\ngame/manga contexts, and it's not something you can find in dictionaries. You\nshould not assume it's the default translation of \"super-\".",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-25T08:02:11.100",
"id": "55404",
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"body": "Basically my question is what does the following line mean:\n\n> A: あたしらが言うのもなんだけど……テストの相手があたしらで、テストになんの？\n\nContext: Persons A and B are testing the combat abilities of one of two groups\nof people. To them unexpectedly person C arrives, with whom A and B have had\nmutual bad history (both sides did bad things). B reacts with surprise at the\npresence of C, but C behaves professionally and explains that she is there\nunder orders and asks if there is a problem. Then the above line happens.\n\nNow on to the line itself. I researched a bit, and there seems to be a\npossibility that が言うのもなんだけど is some sort of phrase. Allthough also after some\ntime thinking about it, I can see it meaning:\n\n> That (is there a problem) is what we too meant/wanted to say/ask however,...\n\nWhich would make sense since they would want to know if the person means to\nstart trouble. Which ties nicely into later B's comment to C about her not\ntaking this chance to do revenge.\n\nThen comes the later bit, which I assume has quite a bit of info that is\nsupposed to be derived from context missing.\n\nAfter some time looking at it, I think テストの相手があたしらで、might mean\n\n> because/since we are opponents in this test...\n\nbut I can't really tell what テストになんの？ means? I guess it might mean something\nalong the line of A asking is this the test for her or something. But that is\nall contextual conjecture. In particular the になんの confuses me. I think it\nmight be \"に何の\" but eh, I'm not 100% how that works then.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-23T12:16:21.750",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Meaning of a sentence with Aが言うのもなんだけど and other considerations",
"view_count": 487
}
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[
{
"body": "> A:「あたしらが言{い}うのも **なん** だけど……テストの相手{あいて}があたしらで、テストに **なん** の？」\n\nI would like to start with a brief explanation of the two 「なん's」 because those\nare both important here.\n\nThe first 「なん」 is for 「何」, which you guessed correctly. I shall come back to\nthis later.\n\nThe second 「なん」, however, is the colloquial form of the verb 「 **なる** 」.\n(Remember what I said about 「ん」 in colloquial speech in my answer to your last\nquestion?)\n\n「テストになる」 means 「（良{よ}い）テストとして成立{せいりつ}する」 = \" ** _to be (or to serve as) a\nvalid test_** \"\n\nYou surely see 「成{な}る」 in the word 「成立」, yes?\n\nNow back to the first 「なん」.. We obviously need to talk about what 「なんだけど」\nmeans in this context as it would mean close to nothing if you literally\ntranslated it. 「なん」 here is a filler word for a more concrete word that has a\nnegative meaning. Here, that would be a word like \" ** _strange_** \", \" **\n_weird_** \", etc. In Japanese, 「変{へん}」 is often used when an actual word is\nused instead of a filler.\n\nYou will keep encountering the filler words such as 「なん/なに」, 「あれ」, etc.\ninstead of \"actual\" negative words for as long as you study Japanese. Why so?\nBecause that is simply how Japanese is spoken.\n\nPutting everything together, we will have something like:\n\n> A: \"It might sound kinda weird coming from us, but would that be a valid\n> test if it were us used as (virtual) opponents in it?\"\n\nWith more context, I could possibly give you a better TL. Working from just\none sentence, however, I had to put the \"virtual\" in parentheses just to be\nsafe.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-23T13:16:01.867",
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55361
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55363
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55363
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"body": "> 私はとうとう焦れったい **とでも云う** ような目つきで、お前の方を見返した。\n\nI know there is という, but this is my first time to see でも after と, so I can't\nunderstand the uncommon grammar structure of とでも云う. I am wondering whether でも\nhere has the same usage as that of `コーヒーでも飲みませんか` &`避暑にでもいったら元気になるかもしれない`",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-23T12:23:20.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55362",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-23T13:43:31.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25748",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Analysis of a sentence from 風立ちぬ",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「私{わたし}はとうとう焦{じ}れったいとでも云{い}うような目{め}つきで、お前{まえ}の方{ほう}を見返{みかえ}した。」\n\n≒\n\n> 「私はとうとう『焦れったい！』とでも云うような目つきで、お前の方を見返した。」\n\n「～～とでも云{い}う」 means \"as if to say ~~\".\n\nI suggest that you remember this as a common set phrase. The 「と」, of course,\nis the quotative particle.\n\n> I am wondering whether でも here has the same usage as that of コーヒーでも飲みませんか\n> &避暑にでもいったら元気になるかもしれない\n\nYes, it does at least **_roughly_**.\n\n> \" **Finally, with a look as if to say 'I'm irritated', I stared back at\n> you**.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-23T13:37:54.080",
"id": "55364",
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55364
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{
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"body": "I posted on an app a self introduction message, and I mentioned that I'd been\nstudying Japanese for two months, one of the comments was this:\n\n> 2ヶ月でこんなにできるなんてすごい！！\n\nI get that the general idea is that she is impressed by my Japanese after only\ntwo months of studying.\n\nFirst question, am I right in assuming she is using で as a particle here? I\nthought you only used it after locations. I've never heard of \"dekonnani\"\nbefore.\n\nSecond question, is なんて a typo? Did she mean to say なんで?\n\nA full sentence breakdown would be awesome.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-23T16:09:14.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55367",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-26T00:43:01.683",
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"owner_user_id": "27057",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "2ヶ月でこんなにできるなんてすごい",
"view_count": 181
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「[2ヶ月]{にかげつ}でこんなにできるなんてすごい！！」\n\n2ヶ月で = within two months\n\nこんなに = like this, this much, to this extent This phrase functions adverbially\nto modify the verb 「できる」.\n\nできる = to be able to (use/speak/write Japanese)\n\nなんて = 「なんて」 here introduces a topic/thing that is surprising or unexpected to\nthe speaker. Here, that topic/thing is your Japanese proficiency.\n\nすごい = (it is) awesome\n\n「なんて」 is a key word here and so is 「できる」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-23T23:29:12.013",
"id": "55369",
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{
"body": "I'm going to provide this as an answer, although I'm by faar not the most\nexperienced with Japanese. So take this with a grain of salt until one of more\nknowledgeable ones gives a better answer.\n\nWhat scrubs like me tend to do is input the sentence being translated over\ninto [www.jisho.org](http://www.jisho.org). That segments the sentence\nproperly, most of the time.\n\nAs such, I'd segment it like this:\n\n2ヶ月で = two months, with で being there to indicate the time of action, as is\none of it's dictionary defined duties as particle. I wonder why there isn't\nanything to indicate that this is AFTER, but eh. It could though also mean\nthat this is \"due/because of two months\". As in the later bit is consequence\nof the two months (of studying). But that is a bit of a guess.\n\nこんなにできる is composed of adverb meaning so/like this/in this way and verb \"to be\nable\". Meaning is clear \"to be able to (write) like this\" and write/speak is I\nguess the context here.\n\nNow before tackling the なんて but BIG parentheses around the preceding bit,\nbecause as others have pointed out it's there to provide equivalence between\nparts on either side of it. That is it means such.\n\nAnd it ties to the adjective for wonderful. So you have\n\n> Being able to (write) during/at/because of two months | such is | wonderful\n\nSo (reading it backwards, which sometimes helps, but is not really needed\nhere):\n\n> It's wonderful that you are able (to write) like that after two months.\n\nAaaand there goes a better answer while I was composing this rambling one.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-23T23:34:24.673",
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"body": "This is the first time I've come across such a phrase (in a novel) and I\ncouldn't find an explanation through an internet search.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-23T20:42:07.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55368",
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"owner_user_id": "27061",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does the phrase \"そうくるんですか\" mean?",
"view_count": 361
}
|
[
{
"body": "Let's consider the following situation that Alice and Bob play Japanese chess.\nAlice expected what Bob do next, but Bob's next move was beyond her\nexpectations.Then, maybe Alice said そうくるんですか to Bob. \n \nそうくるか/そうくるんですか/そうきたか are used when something unexpected happened to narrator.\nAlso, そうこなくっちゃ means that’s what I wanted to hear.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-28T06:03:24.433",
"id": "55474",
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{
"body": "In this case a direct parallel English expression comes to mind:\n\n> \"So it has come to that\"\n>\n> そう(that)くる(come to)んです[explanatory]か\n\nBut as other users have pointed out, you should provide better context or no\none will be able to give you a satisfying answer.",
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"body": "Ash Ketchum sometimes does this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/weGORm.jpg)\n\nI'm sure this macro is simply ignorant of some Japanese body language he's\nusing. Another example is here:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rrvvzm.jpg)\n\nI can't recall any other anime character who does this, though, so it may be\nmore idiosyncratic than I realise. What, if anything, does it mean when a\nperson does this?",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-23T23:11:52.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55371",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-13T13:08:45.753",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-24T01:36:18.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "27064",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "What does rubbing a finger under one's nose mean?",
"view_count": 36058
}
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[
{
"body": "I'll introduce \"人差し指で鼻の下を触るしぐさの心理学 _Psychology of a gesture touching under the\nnose with the index finger_ \" written\n[here](https://newstyle.link/category16/entry1627.html) as the answer. \nSince the original text is written in Japanese, I'll translate it into English\nfor the sake of convenience.\n\n> People who touch or rub under the nose with the index finger are feeling\n> some tension and stress, or even fear to let others know what they really\n> think of.\n>\n> Because the gesture means that they are trying to relieve the tension or\n> stress that they feel.\n>\n> Furthermore, by rubbing under the nose, concealing the mouth, they are\n> unconsciously trying to keep their opponent from realizing their intention\n> or feelings.\n>\n> Even when you fail in something and become awkward, you would try to get a\n> sense of security by touching under the nose.\n>\n> And, even when you feel pleasant as if you're praised by someone and feel\n> embarrassed, you may touch under the nose to hide your embarrassment.\n>\n> Therefore, if your opponent begins to touch or rubs under the nose with the\n> index finger, you're better to remember what the previous conversation was,\n> and identify the opponent's psychological state.\n>\n> If a man starts touching under the nose after being praised, you can judge\n> that he is embarrassed.\n>\n> Also, if your partner is often touching under the nose at going out on a\n> first date, you can judge that the partner is distracting the tension or\n> embarrassment.\n>\n> Furthermore, if the person touches or rubs under the nose often during a\n> conversation, you can judge that he/she wants to hide the intention or\n> feelings of himself/herself because he/she has something that is hidden.\n>\n> In this way, even if it is the same gesture, the meaning will differ\n> depending on the situation, so I would be pleased if you understand the\n> intention or the feelings of the person carefully expressed by the gesture.\n\nBy the way, since I remember that a man like Stalin pulled the end of a\nmustache and behaved arrogantly, isn't Gary Andrews30's comment a similar\ngesture to that even if he hasn't a mustache?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T07:17:06.407",
"id": "55382",
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{
"body": "This gesture, typically seen in fiction such as anime, manga, rather old films\nor dramas, and typically done by young boys, indicates one's **pride,\nconfidence, and/or embarrassment**.\n\nIn Japanese fictional works, you'd see characters, usually young boys, do this\ngesture when they feel proud or confident when someone has praised them or\ntheir achievement. This gesture is also seen when they feel embarrassed or\nbashful when someone has praised them for their achievement or thanked them\nfor their kind deed, etc.\n\nYou won't see real people do this gesture in real life, though, at least in\npresent-day Japan.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T07:25:46.403",
"id": "55383",
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"score": 12
},
{
"body": "Based on Dragon Ball it's uses more for excitement and arrogance. I rarely see\nthem us it for embarrassment, but I've definitely seen it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-16T06:55:15.557",
"id": "58691",
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"body": "The sentence\n\n> 私のことを好きにならない人が好きみたい\n\nmeans \"I like someone who doesn't like me back\", but someone said to me that\nit means \"I try liking someone who doesn't like me\".\n\nWhich is correct?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T02:24:58.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55372",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-25T05:47:39.310",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-24T08:30:18.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "27056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of 私のことを好きにならない人が好きみたい",
"view_count": 330
}
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[
{
"body": "Your friend's translation is incorrect, I'm afraid. The みたい here means \"(It)\nlooks like~~\" \"(It) seems like~~\", not \"try doing~~\". (It's the auxiliary\n(助動詞) 「みたい(だ)」. I guess your friend is confusing it with 「te-form + みたい」,\nwhich consists of the subsidiary verb (補助動詞) 「みる」 + the auxiliary 「たい」,\nmeaning \"I want to try doing~~\".)\n\n「私のことを好きにならない人が好き（だ/です）」 (without みたい) would mean \"I like someone who\ndoesn't/won't like me back\" or \"I like the people who don't/won't like me\nback.\"\n\nWith the ～みたい, your sentence means:\n\n> 私のことを好きにならない人が好き **みたい** 。 \n> \" _It looks like_ I (tend to) like someone who doesn't/won't like me back.\" \n> \"I _seem to_ like someone who doesn't/won't like me back.\" \n> or \" _I seem_ to like the people who don't/won't like me back.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T03:55:59.640",
"id": "55376",
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"post_type": "answer",
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55372
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55376
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55374",
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"body": "I watched Vladimir Putin do Q&A with high school students. One asked him\n\n> What event most impacted your life?\n\nPutin gave a very genuine answer related to the collapse of the Soviet Union\nthat went way over the head of the 16-yr old. He then apologized and said:\n\n> Forgive me. A very adult answer for a very adult question.\n\nIs it correct to say: \n大人 **的** な質問 or 大人 **みたい** な質問\n\nand would the whole translation be\n\n大人的な質問によって、大人的な答え、すみません。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-24T02:32:30.913",
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"id": "55373",
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"last_editor_user_id": "27062",
"owner_user_id": "27062",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"a very adult answer for a very adult question\"?",
"view_count": 862
}
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[
{
"body": "My personal recommendation would be to use the slightly colloquial 「オトナ **な**\n」 with 「オトナ」 in katakana.\n\nI am sure that is not a word taught in Japanese-as-a-foreign-language, but I\nfeel it would fit the situation well.\n\n「大人的{おとなてき}な」 sounds way too stiff and 「大人みたいな」 sounds unnatural for using\n「みたい」 because President Putin actually **_is_** an adult.\n\n> 「ゴメンね。非常{ひじょう}にオトナな質問{しつもん}に対{たい}する非常にオトナな回答{かいとう}だったようだ。」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-24T03:04:41.247",
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"score": 10
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55373
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55374
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55374
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55452",
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"body": "メアリーと翔子は友達の **トムのことを** 話しています。(A)\n\nThe English translation was given as \"Mary and Shoko are talking about their\nfriend Tom.\"\n\nThe following two sentences I guess would mean the same.\n\nメアリーと翔子は友達の **トムのことについて** 話しています。(B)\n\nメアリーと翔子は友達の **トムについて** 話しています。(C)\n\nSo how does the feeling differ between (A) and (B)? Do people say (B)? Do\npeople say (C)? How does the feeling differ between (B) and (C)? Would\nanything change if they were talking about say a test rather than their friend\nTom?\n\nSorry, if this is a duplicate. Please help explain what's happening here!\nよろしくおねがいします",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-24T04:26:15.847",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "~を話す to mean talk about? Confusion",
"view_count": 228
}
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[
{
"body": "トムのこと has to be used when there is actually a concrete issue concerning Tom,\nand they're talking about that issue rather than Tom himself (i.e., if you\nwant to say \"Let's talk about the problem about Tom\" rather than \"Let's talk\nabout something about Tom\", you need to say トムのことを話しましょう or トムのことについて話しましょう).\nOtherwise, the difference between (A), (B) and (C) is very small, and they are\nall natural. You seem to know this, but トムを話す is incorrect.\n\nSee also: [What is the こと in sentences such as\nあなたのことが好きだ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2102/5010)",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-27T07:24:32.983",
"id": "55452",
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55452
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{
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"body": "Not sure if there is a difference in formality or in terms of what is being\nsent.\n\nAlso, how would I say escort? Such as \"I'll escort you back home\"? I'm\nthinking that it may be 家まで見送ります, right?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-24T05:00:34.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55378",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T03:19:43.693",
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"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What are the differences between the words 送る, 出す, 届ける?",
"view_count": 1387
}
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[
{
"body": "\"送る\" is an act of getting something out normally with your willingness. ex)\nSending a letter to someone else because you need to do it. This time, we are\nnot talking about if the receiver wants to take it or not.\n\n\"出す\" is an act of getting something out. This time, the action is focused on\nthe object is recognized in public rather than the agent's intention.\n\nex). \"洗濯物を出す\" implies your laundry needs getting out to be washed probably in\na washing machine.\n\n\"届ける\" is an act of getting something out normally with the receiver's\nexpectation.\n\nex). \"落とし物を届ける\"; The cell phone was left in somewhere and you will bring it to\nthe authority such as train officer, koban policemen, etc. for the owner. This\ntime, the reciever is normally pleased with the act of an object getting out\nto the receiver.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T09:55:51.620",
"id": "55384",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T03:19:43.693",
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55378
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{
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"body": "It is a situation that a boxing fight will begin very soon. Suddenly, a\ntrainer of a boxer thought that his man could be knocked out very easily. He\nthen said the following sentence. Anyway, the trainer is a middle aged man.\n\n> まってくれっ ゴングをならすのは **まったあっ**\n\nI would like to know why the past form is used even though the gong has not\nyet been rung.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T05:17:20.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55379",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"colloquial-language",
"manga",
"past"
],
"title": "Question about using the past form verb 「まった」 in this sentence",
"view_count": 436
}
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[
{
"body": "We have ”待った”, ”待ったを掛ける” in the game.\n\nAccording to goo辞書:\n\n> １ 碁・将棋などで、相手の仕掛けてきた手を待ってもらう。また相撲で、立ち合いを待ってもらう。\n>\n> ２ 物事の進行を一時とどめる。「工事の着工に―・ける」「優勝に―・ける」\n\nIn this case, I think No.1 is close to your situation. When you are playing\ngames like Go, Shogi,Mahjong, poker, etc., you are asking opponents to reset\nwhat you are trying to do such as moving pieces or putting cards on the table.\nThis is a violation normally. In sumo, the wrestlers ask the referee to start\ninitial charge(the moment their hands trying to touch \"dohyo floor\") again.\nHowever, in this case, the trainer himself ask a referee to stop ringing gong\nin order to gives up the game since the boxer would not stand for next 3\nminutes.\n\nI think ”待った\" itself is programmed in the game as a rule rather than analyzing\nthe tense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T06:04:59.607",
"id": "55380",
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{
"body": "The past tense form 待っ **た** (ie, the auxiliary た in 待った) in your example\nindicates **urgent request/command** (要求・命令). 明鏡国語辞典 states:\n\n> た 〘助動詞〙 \n> ➍ 《終止形で》差し迫った要求・命令を表す。「さあ、帰っ **た** 、帰っ **た** 。」「おっと待っ **た** 」\n\nSo your sentence 「ゴングをならすのはまったあっ」 practically means the same thing as\n「ゴングを鳴らすのは待て」 or 「ゴングを鳴らすのは待ってくれ」.\n\nFor more detail on this usage of た, please refer to these threads: \n[Difference between ちょっと待って and\nちょっと待った](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13428/9831) \n[Usage of doubled non-past tense\n\"た\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5356/9831)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T06:47:17.157",
"id": "55381",
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55379
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55381
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55381
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is an excerpt from a mail my language partner wrote me. For some context:\n年末はいろいろと忙しいと思いますので、無理しなくていいですよ。\n昔の呼び方で、12月のことを「師走（しわす）」と言います。「師（し：先生のこと）も走り回るくらい忙しい月」という意味ですよ。\nそれに日本では、忘年会（ぼうねんかい)シーズンです。\n忘年会とは、その年の苦労を忘れるために行う宴会（えんかい：party）のことで、職場の人と飲みに行くことが多いです。友達同士でも忘年会をするので、私の主人は、12月に４回も忘年会に行きます。\n\nThe sentence in question: 忘年会とは、その年の苦労を忘れるために行う宴会（えんかい：party） **のことで**\n、職場の人と飲みに行くことが多いです。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"About the year-end-party, Out of the parties one\nperforms to forget the worries of the year, there are many to go to to drink\nwith people of the company.\"\n\nSo, first I don't know wether my interpretation of で in のことで is correct or\nnot. I interpreted it as the abbreviated form of のなかで, because if I\ninterpreted it as a location marker, the interpretation I could've come up\nwith didn't make much sense anymore: \"...at the parties one performs to forget\nthe worries of this year, there are many to go to to drink with people of the\ncompany.\"\n\nI'm also a bit unsure about the way I interpreted ことが多い, since I'm not 100%\nsure wether the こと references back to the parties or not.\n\nUltimately, 忘年会とは. I don't really know what to do with と. If I just\ninterpreted it literally, it would work somehow: \"With the year-end-party,(it\nis like that...)\" But I have no idea wether this applies here or if it would\nbe a legit approach at all...^^",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T11:27:46.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55385",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does こと do in these sentences?",
"view_count": 134
}
|
[
{
"body": "Warning, this would just be my guesses.\n\n**のことで:** First of, I would rather think that で is acting here as marker of\nreason for something. Like :\n\n> End of the year parties, because these parties are there for forgetting past\n> year's hardships, many people go to them with they co-workers.\n\nor something similar.\n\nAs for のこと, I don't really know. I do remember Japanese using のこと when they\nmean to emphases that something is the entirety of something. Like if you\nwanted to say you don't like someone at all, you might append のこと after their\nname to imply your not liking referrers to the entire individual. But I'm not\nsure if it's applicable here.\n\n**I'm also a bit unsure about the way I interpreted ことが多い, since I'm not 100%\nsure wether the こと references back to the parties or not.**\n\nOh, I'm pretty sure こと here is just there to act as nominalizer for the\nprevious statement that ends with a verb. So 職場の人と飲みに行くこと is:\n\n> going drinking with co-workers\n\nand が多いです just means this is common.\n\n**Ultimately, 忘年会とは. I don't really know what to do with と**\n\nThis とは is likely [this one](http://tangorin.com/general/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF).\nBasically whoever is speaking is probably defining what the end of the year\nparty is, what it means. What it is for.\n\nAt least that would be my 2c",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-24T14:52:08.403",
"id": "55389",
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{
"body": "> Ａ：忘年会とは、その年の苦労を忘れるために行う宴会のことで、職場の人と飲みに行くことが多いです。\n\n\"とは\" in \"忘年会とは\" means \"means, indicates or is\", so \"XとはYです\" is translated as\n\"X is Y\", \"X means Y\" or \"X indicates Y\". \njisho.org [here](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF) difines とは as\n\n> particle indicates word or phrase being defined\n\n\"ことで\" in \"宴会のことで\" is \"ことであって\" or \"ことです。そして\".\n\nSo, A is interpreted as B.\n\n> Ｂ：忘年会とは、その年の苦労を忘れるために行う宴会の **ことです。そして** 、忘年会とは職場の人と飲みに行くことが多いです。\n\n\"忘年会とは職場の人と飲みに行くことが多いです\" in B is not natural, so I rewrite it as C.\n\n> Ｃ：忘年会とは、その年の苦労を忘れるために行う宴会のことです。そして、 **忘年会を行うために** 職場の人と飲みに行くことが多いです。\n\nThe person who goes to drink with 職場の人 is unclear in C, so I rewrite it as D.\n\n> Ｄ：忘年会とは、その年の苦労を忘れるために行う宴会のことです。そして、忘年会を行うために **職場の人が ~~他の~~\n> 職場の他の人と**飲みに行くことが多いです。\n\n\"職場の人が ~~他の~~ 職場の他の人と\" in D is lengthy, and \"忘年会を行うために\" could be written as\n\"そのために\", so I rewrite D as E.\n\n> Ｅ：忘年会とは、その年の苦労を忘れるために行う宴会のことです。そして、そのために職場の人が一緒に飲みに行くことが多いです。\n\nI'll show my attempt for E as follows.\n\n> A year-end party is a party to do in order to forget the hardships of the\n> year, and co-workers often go out drinking together for it.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T15:37:38.173",
"id": "55390",
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55385
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55390
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55390
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"body": "This is an excerpt from my dialogue with my language partner. For some\ncontext, I basically asked her about the difference in について and は, since both\ncan be translated to \"Concerning X\".\n\nThe sentence in question: 「ついて」の使い方ですが、後ろに名詞が来るか、動詞が来るかで少し違います。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"About the usage of 「ついて」, it varies a bit based on\nwether a noun or a verb comes at the rear.\"\n\nHere, I basically interpreted で as a marker for a \"means\" or better a \"cause\",\nlike in 事故 で 電車が止まりました。 However, I also learned in my textbook that to express\nsomething like \"depending on X, it is A or B\", a construction with によって is\nused, like this: 好きな食べ物は人によって違います。\n\nThat's why I wanted to ask wether my interpretation of で in the sentence above\nis legit or not.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T13:04:55.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55386",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-24T14:17:44.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "How to interprete this で?",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your explanation is perfect in every sense.\n\nYes, this 「で」 has the same meaning as 「によって」. So you can rephrase the original\nsentence as 「後ろに名詞が来るか、動詞が来るか **によって** 少し違います」.\n\nThis meaning of 「で」 can formally be expressed as \"cause\", though I feel like\n「で」 has sometimes a meaning like \"depending on\", for example in 「この店の売り物は曜日\n**で** 変わる」.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-24T14:17:44.483",
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55386
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55387
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"body": "Context: A and B were involved in a sparring session, and after winning B\nexclaims they will cherish this memory forever. A responds:\n\n> A: まあ、さっさと忘れろ。お前にゃこれから先、覚えていかなきゃならん事が山ほどできるんだし。\n\nThe first weird bit is this (Which is a strange thing to command someone to\ndo):\n\n> まあ、さっさと忘れろ = Now now, forget this quickly.\n\nThe later bit is colloquial, but not that heavy, and can be expanded back\ninto:\n\n> A: お前 **にゃ** これから先、覚えていかな **きゃ** なら **ん** 事が山ほどできる **ん** だし。\n>\n> A: お前 **には** これから先、覚えていかな **ければ** なら **ない** 事が山ほどできる **の** だし。\n\nThe first bit にゃ=には, I'm not 100% sure. In any case the bit up to the comma is\n\"From now on you\"\n\nThe 覚えていかなければならない事 bit is my stumbling block. The verb itself probably means\n\"have/should/must continue to remember\" The interpretation would depend on\nwhat that 事 is doing here. Is it nominalizer? If so the sentence is strange:\n\"Being able to having to continue remembering many.\" I think it's probably\nhere as a noun, meaning an event or something to be memorized. So it's\n\"things/events you have to continue memorizing\". Have due to なければならない and\ncontinue due to ていく.\n\nMating that with 山ほどできるのだし。is still weird though. の is there to nominalize the\nprevious bit, だ is there to make it a statement and し is likely there to\ndenote this as one of reasons for forgetting this fight.\n\nBut still \"From now on, you will be able to have to continue memorizing many\nthings.\" I'm assuming we are supposed to figure out that できる refers to the\nability to memorize, all these things that can't be forgotten?\n\nSo the final statement would be:\n\n> A: Now now, better forget this quickly. (If you do so)? from now on, you'll\n> be able to memorize many more events/things that you must not forget.\n\nBut I don't think I really got the nuance of this one. In particular,\n\n 1. Is にゃ ねば or には?\n\n 2. What is the meaning of The 覚えていかなければならない事\n\n 3. And how does the previous fit with 山ほどできる",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T14:31:22.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55388",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-03T02:08:40.040",
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"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing",
"contractions"
],
"title": "ていかなきゃならん事 and にゃ",
"view_count": 202
}
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[
{
"body": "1. にゃ in this case is には. (After the 未然形/pre-nai-form of a verb, にゃ can be ねば; \"行かにゃ\" = \"行かねば\").\n 2. This 事 is not a nominalizer but a plain noun meaning \"things\".\n 3. This できる is a simple intransitive verb meaning \"to form\" or \"to be made.\" It does not have a potential meaning.\n\nPut together, 覚えていかなきゃならん事が山ほどできる ≒ 覚えていくべき事が山ほどできる ≒ \"lots of things to\nremember will form\" ≒ \"there will be lots of things you need to learn/remember\n(over the course of time).\"\n\nI don't think this sentence means the listener will keep encountering\nmemorable \"events\". The sentence says his memory must be consumed for more\nmeaningful subjects.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-25T13:18:09.840",
"id": "55412",
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"score": 3
}
] |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55392",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> きっと旅立ってくってわかってるんだ\n\nMy friend translate for me as \"I know I will depart on a journey\"\n\n旅立って is te form of 旅立つ \nわかって is te form of わかる \nthen why add くって?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T15:53:35.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55391",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-22T05:55:46.980",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-22T05:55:46.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27067",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"parsing"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of verb (te form) + くって？",
"view_count": 774
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「Verb in Te-Form + くって」\n\nis the colloquial form of\n\n> 「Verb in Te-Form + いくって」\n\nSo, 「旅立ってく」＝「旅立っていく」 = \"to go on a trip\"\n\nNot to confuse you, but I will say that in the phrase:\n\n> 「旅立 **って** く **って** わかってるんだ」\n\nThe **first** 「って」 is part of the te-form and the **second** 「って」 is the\ninformal version of the quotative particle 「と」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T16:09:04.187",
"id": "55392",
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"score": 4
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55397",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is an excerpt from a conversation with my language partner:\n\n> 息子は明日から冬休みです。 絵画教室に **通っている** ので、冬休みの間は、[写実力強化講座]{しゃじつりょくきょうかこうざ} (realistic\n> painting workshop) に行きます。\n\nMy attempt at translation:\n\n> \"From Sunday on, my sun has winter vacation. Because he passes through a\n> drawing-class (course?), during the winter vacation, he goes to a 'realistic\n> painting workshop intensifying course'.\"\n\nThis is a minor issue I have here. According to\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%80%9A%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6), 通る means \"to\npass through\" and a lot more. I think to pass through fits the context best\nbecause her son seems to partake in drawinglessons which further his skills in\ndrawing. However, I'm also a bit irritated by the use of 教室 and 強化 . I think\n教室 refers to the regular lessons at obligatory school education here? That's\nwhy I am a bit confused, because it sounds like these lessons in drawing are a\ntemporary thing at school for which he receives extra private lessons during\nthis winter vacation. Here in germany, we have drawing lessons from the\nbeginning to the end of our obligatory school education (although these\nlessons are, to be honest, a joke^^). So there is nothing to \"pass through\"\nsince these lessons/classes are there the entire time of our school education\n:D Thats why I wonder wether I interpreted 教室 correctly or not.^^",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T22:27:48.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55393",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T02:33:32.080",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-25T00:34:33.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "What does 通る mean in this context?",
"view_count": 423
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「 息子{むすこ}は明日{あす}から冬休{ふゆやす}みです。 絵画教室{かいがきょうしつ}に **通{かよ}って**\n> いるので、冬休みの間{あいだ}は、写実力強化講座{しゃじつりょくきょうかこうざ} (realistic painting workshop)\n> に行{い}きます。」\n\nYour translation attempt is:\n\n> \"From Sunday on, my sun has wintervacation. Because he passes through a\n> drawing-class (course?), during the wintervacation, he goes to a 'realistic\n> painting workshop intensifying course'.\"\n\nFirst of all, in this context,「通って」 is read 「かよって」 and not 「とおって」. That is\n「通{かよ} **う** 」 vs. 「通{とお} **る** 」, **_two different verbs_**.\n\n「～～に/へ通う」 means \"to commute\", \"to attend (school)\", \"to go (someplace) on a\nregular basis\", etc. 「～～を通る」 means as you stated.\n\nNext, 「教室」..\n\nIn the context of \"regular\" schools such as elementary, junior high, high\nschool and college, the word refers to each physical \"classroom\".\n\nIn this context, however, 「教室」 would refer to an after-school type of school\nor perhaps a cram school for students wanting to get into an art college in\nthe future. (I, for example, attended the そろばん教室 (abacus school) and\n書道{しょどう}教室 (brush calligraphy school) as a kid in addition to regular school,\nthat is.)\n\nThus, 「絵画教室」 is a drawing/painting school. For translation purposes, one could\nuse \"class\" or \"course\" as well.\n\n「強化」 here would simply mean that the course is intensive in nature, which is\nmade possible during the long recesses at the \"regular\" school.\n\nFinally, there is no \"Sunday\" mentioned in the original. It must have been a\nmental mistake.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-25T00:54:00.353",
"id": "55397",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55414",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The following excerpt is taken from a conversation with my language partner.\n\n> 息子はサンタさんにカメラをお願いしました。ドイツでは、クリスマスをどんな **[風]{ふう}** にお祝いしますか。\n\nMy attempt at translation:\n\n> \"My son has asked for a camera from Santa. In Germany, in what manner do you\n> gift Christmas?\"\n\nSo, first I'm simply not sure if I interpreted 風 correctly or not. \nOn [jisho.org](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%A2%A8) the meaning \"manner,\nbehavior\" is listed when 風 is used as a \"noun/noun used as prefix\"? What does\nthis mean? That it is used as a noun in the function of a prefix, or that it\ncan be used as a noun OR like a prefix?? \nThere were no other meanings which would make any sense here, unless\nwind/breeze can be used metaphorically here.\n\nUltimately, クリスマスを...お祝いしますか. To \"gift Christmas\" doesn't seem to make sense.\nDoes it mean something along the lines of \"to gift FOR Christmas\"?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T22:41:15.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55394",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-25T15:23:27.113",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-25T06:29:18.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of [風]{ふう} here?",
"view_count": 789
}
|
[
{
"body": "The correct use of 風 for this particular sentence would be\n[here](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%A2%A8%20%E3%81%B5%E3%81%86).\n\nIn this sense, it refers to \"way\". In your sentence, I would translate it as,\n\nドイツでは、クリスマスをどんな風にお祝いしますか。\n\n> **How (In what way)** does one celebrate Christmas in Germany?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-24T23:24:16.433",
"id": "55395",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-24T23:24:16.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16159",
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"post_type": "answer",
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{
"body": "> ドイツでは、クリスマスを **どんな風に** お祝いしますか。 \n> \"In Germany, _in what manner_ do you gift Christmas?\"\n\nYour understanding of the [風]{ふう} is correct. I think your confusion comes\nfrom the fact that the noun 祝い has two meanings. According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> いわい【祝い】〘名詞〙 \n> ① 祝うこと。祝賀。「還暦の祝いをする」「お祝い」 \n> ② 祝う気持ちを示す言葉や金品。「謹んでお祝いを申し上げます」「お祝いをもらう」\n\nIn your example it's used in the sense of #1 (\"celebration, act of\ncelebrating/congratulating\"), though it seems you interpreted it as #2 (\"word\nor gift to express one's feeling to congratulate/celebrate\"). So お祝いする in your\nsentence (consisting of the polite prefix 「お」+ the noun 「祝い」+ verb 「する」,\nliterally \"do celebration\") means \"celebrate\" (≂ 祝う), hence the translation\ngiven by other posters: \"How (In what way) do you celebrate Christmas in\nGermany?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-25T15:23:27.113",
"id": "55414",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 1
}
] |
55394
|
55414
|
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55405",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've come across the following sentence while watching a show :\n\n> こんな所で立ち止まったりしない\n\n...which, according to the subtitles, translates as :\n\n> [She] won't stop after coming all this way.\n\nI had a rough idea of what this meant without the subtitles, but I'm unclear\non how it works grammatically : why is the ーたり suffix used here? Why not\nsimply use something like 立ち止まらない ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-25T00:47:32.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55396",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T06:46:38.277",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-25T09:26:26.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "14465",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of ーたりしない",
"view_count": 5007
}
|
[
{
"body": "In addition to the basic usage of giving examples, you can use たり with some\n\"unlikely\" thing and emphasize how unexpected or extraordinary it is. It can\nbe translated in many ways.\n\n> * 彼、本気だっ **たり** して! _Maybe_ he is serious! \n> ([～たりして](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5705/5010) is a set phrase)\n> * 地図を持ってい **たり** しますか? _By any chance_ , do you have a map?\n> * 私は彼の友達だっ **たり** する。 I _happen to_ be his friend.\n> * 負け **たり** するなよ。 Don't you _ever_ lose! \n> (as compared to 負けるなよ, this sounds less serious, or implies the speaker\n> believes the listener is unlikely to lose)\n>\n\nこんな所で立ち止まったりしない is close to the fourth one above. This たり emphasizes how\nunexpected 立ち止まる is in the context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-25T09:24:56.033",
"id": "55405",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T06:43:03.160",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-31T06:43:03.160",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55396",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "The structure したりしない is stronger than a simple negative, also meaning \"never\".\nBut also meaning \"(not even (extreme situation)) wouldn't do it.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-07T17:13:49.057",
"id": "72326",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-07T20:47:23.063",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-07T20:47:23.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "35601",
"parent_id": "55396",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I came across [a study on the usage of _-tari_\nconstructions](https://kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=31445&item_no=1&attribute_id=26&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21).\nI must admit I don't fully understand it, but here is what I could glean from\nthe paper.\n\nTypical constructions with only one _-tari_ phrase instead of two can be used\nto set a situational frame, inviting the listener to focus on characteristics\nof a situation. Doing this can achieve the following effects:\n\n 1. **Softening**\n\n> _Example_\n>\n> しばらく彼と会ったりしないほうがいい。 \n> It's better not to meet up with him for the time being.\n\nRather than「会わないほうがいい」which is a direct advice, using 「会ったりしないほうがいい」couches\nthe specific advice as an example and has a cushioning effect.\n\n 2. **Emphasis**\n\n> _Example_\n>\n> 彼女に払わせたりしませんよ。 \n> There's no way I would let my girlfriend pay for this.\n\nAdding 「たり」 implies that there are other examples along the same intention.\nHowever, the effect of omitting these other examples is to focus the\nlistener’s attention on the characteristics of the specified action (perhaps\nfrom the speaker’s point of view letting a girl pay is not a 'masculine' thing\nto do) and in turn putting emphasis on the speaker's denial.\n\n 3. **Judgement**\n\n> _Example_\n>\n> どうしてあんな人を誘ったりしたんですか。 \n> Why did you invite someone like him/her?\n\nThis can be extended from the previous function. By directing the listener to\nfocus on the characteristics of the example provided (あんな人を誘う), it adds a\nlayer of judgement on the action.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-08T12:31:52.023",
"id": "72361",
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"owner_user_id": "35608",
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"score": 2
}
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Reading on internet, I see that, in Japanese, the way we call members of our\nfamily is different of the way we call member of other family. For example: I\nwill my father 父{ちち}, and the father of a friend お[父]{とう}さん. But, in animes,\nI've see characters using お[父]{とう}さん to call his own father. The same with\n姉{あね} or 兄{あに} and お[姉]{ねえ}さん or お[兄]{にい}さん. How does it work?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-25T02:42:36.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55398",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T04:38:46.913",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-28T00:29:10.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "26988",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Use of 家族 (かぞく)",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "It depends on situations that we call my father 父 or お父さん.\n\n[1] The case of using 父 \nIt would be better for us to use 父 on formal occasions like introducing my\nfather to others. Example sentences are following: \n私の父は医者だ。 / My father is a doctor. \n今の私があるのは父のおかげだ。 / My father has made me what I am today.\n\n[2] The case of using お父さん \nWe usually use お父さん at home. Maybe 'dad' corresponds お父さん. \n私は父のことを家ではお父さんと呼んでいる。 / I call my father お父さん at home. \n息子は私のことを家ではお父さんと呼んでいる。 / My son calls me お父さん at home.\n\nAlso, we can call our friend's father either 父 or お父さん. \n彼の父(お父さん)は医者だ。 / His father is a doctor.\n\n母/お母さん、兄/お兄さん、姉/お姉さん are same as 父/お父さん.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T04:38:46.913",
"id": "55471",
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"owner_user_id": "27111",
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| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "58051",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "It's listed as being borrowed from English, but even if it were the case that\nit had been borrowed from Portuguese, it's still pronounced /ɡwɑɹ/ and not\n/ɡɑɹ/. Japanese phonology is also perfectly capable of handling this--it could\nhave been ジャグアー or even ジャグワー. But in every single instance I've seen, it's\nジャガー. Why did they borrow it like this?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-25T03:34:52.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55399",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-20T11:14:07.143",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-19T19:58:35.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"loanwords",
"phonology"
],
"title": "Why Was Jaguar Borrowed as ジャガー?",
"view_count": 678
}
|
[
{
"body": "### Why is there no `/w/` glide in the Japanese?\n\nCurrently **unknown**.\n\nI cannot find anything definitive describing this. I can't even find when the\nterm first entered the Japanese language, though presumably this can be\ndiscovered by spending more time researching. (I _am_ finding tons of pages\nabout the brand of car...)\n\n### Background\n\nAccording to Shogakukan's 国語大辞典【こくごだいじてん】, the Japanese term ジャガー ( _jagā_ )\nderives specifically from American English. This explains the lack of any\n`/j/` glide, as in the British pronunciation `/ˈdʒæɡjuːə/`. The [Japanese\nWikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC)\nsomewhat incorrectly notes that the term _jaguar_ derived from a South\nAmerican language term like _yagā_ , which would explain the lack of any `/w/`\nglide -- except the derivation I'm more familiar with is [Old Tupi\n_îaûára_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%AEa%C3%BB%C3%A1ra#Old_Tupi),\nwhich has a `/w/` but no `/ɡ/` at all. The [entry at Merriam-\nWebster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jaguar) (currently seems\nto be broken in Chrome; works in FireFox) uses the older spelling _jawára_ ,\nalso with a `/w/` but no `/ɡ/`, so I think the JA WP article must be mistaken.\nIt's worth noting that both Spanish and Portuguese have sometimes borrowed\nmedial `/wa/` sounds as `⟨gua⟩`.\n\nHowever, all that said, the derivation of the term only deepens ...\n\n... The Mystery of the Missing W!\n\n`<ahem.>`\n\nDepending on the date of initial borrowing, snailplane's mention of the shift\nin Japanese from `/ɡwa/` to `/ɡa/` could be our best bet.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-19T19:57:29.893",
"id": "58041",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-19T19:57:29.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 7
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{
"body": "I believe it is because the spelling \"グワ\" is considered as non-standard\npronunciation in modern Japanese. There is no publicly defined rule book, but\nI feel the usage of \"グワ\" is limited to express noise, yelling or moaning.\n\nFor example,\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TV8Oo.png)\n\nfrom [漫画、アニメキャラ弱さランキング](http://usachannel.info/blog/?no=2815)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3hCeN.png)\n\nfrom [本日は南風原中で野球の試合です。](http://shurieast5.ti-da.net/index_39.html)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BrYG4.png)\n\n[突然ですが！・・・・グワシ検定！！](https://ameblo.jp/ryumajin/entry-10048884957.html)\n\nWhat comes into my mind when I think of the pronunciation \"グワ\" as a noun is\n\"シークワーサー(shi-kwah-sah)\" which is a name of a fruit from Okinawa district.\nOkinawa historically belonged to a different nation; so they use a different\nlanguage. In main land of Japan, the usage of pronunciation クワ/グワ is limited.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HbenZ.png)\n\nFor further information, see [Citrus depressa (シークワーサー shi-kwah-sah\n)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_depressa)\n\nI cannot remember any other examples than this...\n\nMy best guess is that Japanese people used to spell as ジャグワー in old day, ( say\nin Edo era or somewhere ) but along with the word was getting popular and\ncommon, people started to avoid the uncommon pronunciation of グワ so it changed\nto ジャガー. I cannot find any written evidence of it, but such process of\nsimplification is often observed in Japanese loan words.\n\nI believe that it is common for Japanese to avoid a specific spelling because\nit is not considered as standard pronunciation even if the Japanese spelling\nsystem has an ability to express its original foreign originated pronunciation\nof a loan word.\n\nFor example, Van Halen is usually spelled as バン・ヘイレン(ban heiren) not as\nヴァン・ヘイレン(van heiren) because ヴ is not considered as a standard pronunciation\nand it is supposed to be spelled as ブ. But in the recent ten or twenty yeas,\nthis situation is gradually changing and people are getting accepting the\nspelling ヴ.\n\nMeanwhile ヴ is getting accepted, あ゛is still considered informal.\n\n* * *\n\n## Additional Information about Japanese Loan Words\n\nJapanese loan words are so broad. This time, I have researched for several\nhours to write this, but it turned out that most of part is not related with\nthe answer. I think I am going to leave the information I collected this time\nbelow for people who are interested this topic.\n\nThe following explanation is not based on formal study, but I believe this\npoint of view is shared as a common sense among Japanese people.\n\n## History of Japanese Loan Words\n\nIn my opinion, Japanese loan words might be roughly classified by the Japanese\nhistorical eras. Depends of the era when a loan word imported to Japanese\nlanguage, different pronunciation conversion rule is applied.\n\n 1. Heian era (794 – 1185)\n 2. Muromati era (1336 – 1573)\n 3. Edo era (1603 – 1868)\n 4. Meiji era (1868 – 1912)\n 5. Shohwa era (1926 – 1989)\n\n### Heian era (Kanji)\n\nJapanese imported a great number of loan words from China at Heian era. This\ngroup of loan words are playing very important role in the language; these are\ncalled 漢字 Kanji.\n\nIn spite of the fact that Kanjis are actually loan words, most Japanese people\nforget about the fact, and consider Kanjis are originated in Japan. I feel\nvery lucky that Chinese government still have not litigated Japanese\ngovernment due to copyright infringement. So please do not tell this to\nJapanese people or they will strongly oppose to you.\n\n### Muromati ~ Edo era\n\nIn Muromati era, a Spanish Christian preacher Francisco de Xavier came to\nJapan and bring the \"good news\" to Japanese people. In this era, Japanese\ngovernment were running trading business between European countries such as\nSpanish Portugal and Holland. So loan words that were imported in this era,\nare very likely originated in these countries.\n\nSee [外来語の出身 ①（ポルトガル語、オランダ語について）](http://e-ivy.jp/blog/1070/)\n\nPortuguese originated loan words :\n\n> オルガン (Organ a music instrument) タバコ/煙草 (Tobacco=cigarette) パン (bread) カルタ\n> (Card) カステラ (Sugar Cake) カッパ（合羽）(Rain Coart) キリシタン (Christian) シャボン (Bubble)\n> ビードロ (glass)\n\nHolland originated loan words :\n\n> アルカリ(alcaline) レンズ(lens) メス(knife) ビール(beer) ランドセル(school bag) ペンキ (paint)\n> ズック(shoes) ブリキ(Tinplate) オルゴール(Music Box) ガラス(glass) カバン(bag) コルク(cork)\n> コーヒー(coffee) ゴム(rubber) ポンプ(pump) リュックサック(knapsack) ホース(horse) ペスト(Black\n> Death) スポイト(Syringe) ピンセット(tweezers) モルヒネ(morphine) サーベル(saber) コップ(cup=\n> Portuguese:copa） レッテル(label)\n\n* * *\n\n### Meiji era\n\nSee\n\n * [明治時代の文学作品における外国語・外来語の使用 アンカ･フォクシェネアヌ ](https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/intel/exchange/organize/ceeja/report/09_10/pdf/09_10_04.pdf)\n * [明治時代の外来語について調べたい。](http://crd.ndl.go.jp/reference/modules/d3ndlcrdentry/index.php?page=ref_view&id=1000031713)\n\nAt Meiji era, some prominent novelists imported many foreign originated words\ninto Japanese language.\n\nAccording to アンカ･フォクシェネアヌ , following words are loan words which are imported\nby Yukichi Fukuzawa 福沢諭吉{ふくざわゆきち}.\n\n> ホテル(hotel) ドック(dock) シャンパン(champagne) コップ(cup) マッチ ストーヴ(stove)\n> ダンシング(dancing) ガルヴァニ( テレグラフ(telegraph) ガス(gas)（便所の内外ガスの光明）\n> エレキトル(electricity) テーブル(table) コンミッション(commission)\n\nNote that since Yukichi Fukuza was official translator of English at the end\nof Edo era, the loan words he imported are mainly from American English.\n\nFollowing words are loan words which are imported by Soseki Natume\n夏目漱石{なつめそうせき}.\n\n> 硝子{ガラス} ( glass ) 洋燈{ランプ} ペン (pen) 洋琴{ピアノ・ピヤノ} (piano) 洋杖{ステッキ} stick\n> 暖炉{ストーブ} ロッキング・チェア (rocking chair) 敲子{ノッカー} (door knocker) ベル{号鈴} (bell) ポンプ\n> (pump) 停車場{大ステーション} station バス bus ローン (lawn) 泥炭{ピート} peat プラットフォーム\n> (platform) ガス{瓦斯} gas 絹紐{リボン} (ribbon) マッチ (a box of matches) 自動革砥{オートストロップ}\n> ベゴニア(Begonia) 洋盃{コップ} ヴァイオリン (violin) 端艇{ボート} 志{シリング} 印気{インキ} ダイナマイト\n> (dynamite ) グラム (gram) 寝床{ ベッド } (bed) ミリメター (millimeter) コスモス(cosmos = a\n> name of a flower)\n\nHis style of importing is distinctive. He translates the words as Chinese\nkanji words, then put a [ruby](https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-\nruby) to the word. This style is considered stylish and it also work as an\neffect to express exotic atmosphere. This technique is still used today in\nJapanese comics, too.\n\n### John Manjiro ジョン万次郎\n\nSee [Wikipedia John\nManjiro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakahama_Manjir%C5%8D)\n\nIn the end of Edo era, he worked as a translator. According to the wikipedia,\nhe was one of the first Japanese people to visit the United States and an\nimportant translator during the Opening of Japan.\n\n * [ジョン万次郎とその英語](https://matome.naver.jp/odai/2137658990429451401)\n * [An English Japanese Dictionary which is written by John Banjiro](http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/bunko08/bunko08_c0734/bunko08_c0734.pdf)\n\n> こーる(cool) わら(water) さんれぃ(Sunday) にゅうよぅ(New York) エンケレセ(English) しゃま(summer)\n> キャア(cat) ナイ(night) モヲネン(morning) イヴネン(evening) ウィンダ(winter) コヲル(cold)\n> ウヱシツ(west) ゲイ(gate) ネ(net) フワザ(Father) エネ(any) ソレ(sorry) センカ(think) ゼシ(this)\n> コシチャン(question) メクダノ(McDonald) ハマチ(How much?) ヤロ(yellow) アー ユー カメン？(Are you\n> coming?) アイ アム ゴイン(I am going) イータ イシ エイ ムーン ライト ナイ(It is a moon light\n> night.)\n\nHis conversion rule of pronunciation is based on the actual pronunciation of\nAmerican English, not on its spelling. Some people consider John Manjiro's\nrule is easier to comprehend to native English speakers than the current\nstandard conversion rule, Hepburn's rule.\n\nLater day, Manjiro's conversion rule was disputed by the Japanese government\nand the government accepted the Hepburn's rule as standard.\n\n### Hepburn's rule\n\nHepburn's rule is a method to spell Japanese words by alphabet. Hepburn's rule\nwas invented [James Curtis\nHepburn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Curtis_Hepburn) in 1886. See\n[Romanization of\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese). Japanese\nromanization rule is a topic which is so broad. Please read other articles for\nfurther information.\n\nRomanization rule is usually used to convert Japanese to English not English\nto Japanese; so strictly speaking, it is slightly off topic here. But it still\nhave strong influence to the way how to import foreign originated words into\nJapanese. It is a good opportunity to have a glance.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sOaoj.jpg)\n\n[Rakuten「ローマ字\n下敷き」の検索結果](https://search.rakuten.co.jp/search/mall/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%AD%97+%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%B7%E3%81%8D/)\n\nThis is a table Japanese kids are obliged to memorize with nine to nine\nMultiplication table. This conversion rule is called ヘボン式.\n\nThe pronunciation of the name \"ヘボン式\" itself is ironically based on another\npronunciation conversion rule; Hepburn is now commonly written as \"ヘップバーン\" in\nmodern days, not as \"ヘボン\". The name \"ヘボン式\" remains to the old traditional\nspelling rule. It turns out that the name itself ironically opposed to the\nrule itself.\n\n### Showa and modern era\n\nAfter the second world war, Japan came under the strong influence of United\nStates; the most loan words which were made in this era are imported from\nUnited States. The loan words in this group are so broad so I cannot list all\nof the words here. Technical terms which are related to IT things belong to\nthis group. There are MANY.\n\nAnd as far as I know, there is no authority that makes decision how to form\nthe rule for importing loan words. This is always the source of a lot of\nconfusion for Japanese people,too.\n\nI remember that in late 80's there was a controversy about how to pronounce a\ncomputer game \"Ultima\" . Now it is commonly called \"ウルティマ\" but in the era of\nthe dawn of the Japanese computing, there were some people insist Ultima is\nsupposed to be pronounced as \"アルティマ\" because according to them アルティマ is more\nprecisely reflect the actual English pronunciation. After the war, アルティマ was\ndisputed and it is called ウルティマ till now.\n\nFor further information, see the following articles.\n\n * [ウルティマ・アルティマ論争 (URUTHIMA/ARUTHIMA Controversy)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3_\\(%E9%9B%91%E8%AA%8C\\)#%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%9E%E8%AB%96%E4%BA%89)\n * [Oh FM7 「ウルティマ」、「アルティマ」論争(URUTHIMA/ARUTHIMA Controversy)](http://fm-7.com/random_access_memo/02.html)\n\n* * *\n\n## Duplicate Importing\n\nIt is very often that different groups import a same word twice as different\nwords and use them as different situation.\n\nカップ／コップ is a good example. コップ is very likely originated \"kop\" from Holland.\nカップ is very likely originated \"cup\" in English. They are basically same thing.\nIn Japan, コップ is usually a glass cup or could be a plastic cup. カップ is usually\nmade by ceramics. カップ is never made of glass, but could be made of paper.\n\n* * *\n\n## Conclusion\n\nI think it is very complicated and it does not help how you speak Japanese\nwell. I believe it is best to avoid studying about origin when you came into\nlearning Japanese. Learning origin just does not work for learning Japanese.\n\nJapanese people often call it as \"大人の事情(otona-no-jijoh)\" with euphemism.",
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"body": "The glide **/g w/** may have been preserved in spelling for native vocabulary\nuntil at least the [kana orthography\nreforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography), but was\ncompletely lost in recent pronunciation. I'm thinking that when the word\n_jaguar_ was borrowed into Japanese, **/g w/** was transformed into **/g/** to\nfit Japanese pronunciation at that time.\n\nThis actually happened to quite a few words (mostly proper nouns):\n\n * _Paraguay_ , with representations\n\n * パラグアイ/パラグワイ (common)\n * パラグァイ (Paraguayan Embassy in Japan)\n * 巴拉圭 (probably Chinese, listed in some older Japanese documents)\n * **巴羅[貝]{がい}** (older Kanji representation; note, 貝 here uses a _kun'yomi_ reading)\n * _Uruguay_ , with representations\n\n * ウルグアイ/ウルグァイ (common)\n * **宇柳[貝]{がい}** (older Kanji representation)\n * 宇柳具 (copying error of 貝)\n * _Guatemala_ , with representations\n\n * グアテマラ\n * グァテマラ\n * **ガテマラ**\n * _guarana_ (a plant), most commonly spelt as ガラナ\n\n * _guanaco_ (South American camelid), with representations \n * グアナコ\n * グァナコ\n * **ガナコ**\n * グワナコ\n * グヮナコ\n\n[外来語の表記](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98),\nthe 1991 National Language Council report on the kana representation of\nforeign words, contains the following relevant content:\n\n> ## 「外来語の表記」に用いる仮名と符号の表\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zHxee.png)\n>\n> 1. 第1表に示す仮名は,外来語や外国の地名・人名を書き表すのに一般的に用いる仮名とする。\n>\n> 2. 第2表に示す仮名は,外来語や外国の地名・人名を原音や原つづりになるべく近く書き表そうとする場合に用いる仮名とする。\n>\n> 3. 第1表・第2表に示す仮名では書き表せないような,特別な音の書き表し方については,ここでは取決めを行わず,自由とする。\n>\n> 4. 第1表・第2表によって語を書き表す場合には,おおむね留意事項を適用する。\n>\n>\n\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> ## 外来語の表記 留意事項その2(細則的な事項)\n>\n>\n> 第2表に示す仮名は,原音や原つづりになるべく近く書き表そうとする場合に用いる仮名で,これらの仮名を用いる必要がない場合は,一般的に,第1表に示す仮名の範囲で書き表すことができる。\n>\n> ...\n>\n> 4. 「グァ」は,外来音グァに対応する仮名である。\n>\n> **〔例〕** グァテマラ（地） パラグァイ（地）\n>\n> **注1** 一般的には,「グア」又は「ガ」と書くことができる。 **〔例〕** グアテマラ（地） パラグアイ（地） ガテマラ（地）\n>\n> **注2** 「グァ」は,「グヮ」と書く慣用もある。\n>\n>\n\nBasically, although the orthography _prescribes_ spelling foreign loanwords\noriginally pronounced with /gw/ with the sequence「グァ/グア/グヮ」, from the\ntraditional loss of the glide in /gw/ it is valid to not pronounce this glide\nat all, reflected in the accepted spelling「ガ」for some of these loanwords and\nthe use of「[貝]{がい}」in some older kanji representations of these loanwords.\n_Jaguar_ was probably borrowed without the /gw/, fitting contemporary Japanese\nphonology at the time, and just represented as such as「ジャガー」.",
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"body": "はじめて(hajimete) is the te-form of the verb はじめる(hajimeru) - to begin. How come\nit means \"for the first time\" and is used appropriately to mean the whole\nphrase? Is it an idiom?",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-25T07:10:06.787",
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"tags": [
"verbs",
"etymology",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Why does \"hajimete\" mean \"for the first time\"?",
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"body": "There are two kanji with the same kun-reading \"haji-\". The kanji for\n[_hajimete_](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%88%9D%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6) meaning \"for\nthe first time\" is [初](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%88%9D%20%23kanji), which\nmeans _initial_ , _first_ , or _beginning_ but does not mean _to begin_. Don't\nmix it with [始](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%A7%8B%20%23kanji), which means _to\nbegin_.\n\nAnd yes, some te-forms have lexicalized and idiomatic meanings, and I think\n初めて is one of them. You can see similar examples in this question: [What is\nthe role of あるいて?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38564/5010)",
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kRUfr.png)\n\nThis is from the twitter of a stage actor. He supposed to perform for a show\nin the next day, so I assumed\n\n> 場当たり was from 場当たり稽古 = dress rehearsal\n\nbut the word ゲネ also seems to derive from\n\n> ゲネ = ゲネプロ dress rehearsal\n\nI was wondering if these words really mean the same? or whether they have any\nsignificant difference?",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-25T10:46:30.317",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Do the word 場当たり and ゲネプロ similar in their meaning?",
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"body": "No, they have different meanings. (From experience performing in a local opera\ngroup...)\n\nTypically rehearsals are held in some nondescript room somewhere, with a\nmockup of the set. Then (in this case the day) before the performance (本番) the\nactual set is ready in the theatre, and the actors have to finalise\npositioning under the director's supervision: this is 場当たり. They might run\nthrough any \"action\" scenes, but there is no singing or acting as such. The\nnext stage is the dress rehearsal, which is a straight run through without\nstopping (normally, at least). So in this case the actors now have an image of\nhow they will perform on the actual set, in tomorrow's GP.\n\nI think 場当たり稽古 would mean the same as 場当たり, which is a sort of rehearsal; but\nit is quite distinct from the dress rehearsal, which can be called ゲネ, or\nゲーペー, the German pronunciation of \"GP\", since it comes from _Generalprobe_.\n\nThe dictionary definitions of 場当たり suggest it is about adapting to a new\nlocation, so perhaps the origin is in the world of travelling players.",
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"body": "Here's an extract from my fictional book;\n\n> 差し上げますけど、味見は自分でしない方がいいですよ？中村さんあたりならどんな凄い味でも文句言いながら解説してくれると思いますからオススメですね。\n\n(Contextual summary - speaker has presented the person he's addressing with a\ntop secret instruction manual on how to make special sugary confectionery\nwhich has some mysterious properties or effects after eating it)\n\nI believe I have a general understanding of what the speaker is saying,\nhowever I am odds with myself as to how I would parse it in English.\n\nHere's my attempt at parsing, I will also highlight areas which are\nparticularly problematic for me:\n\n> I am more than happy to give this to you but, you should not try it by\n> yourself don't you think? [I think it will explain any kind of awful taste\n> Nakamura san will complain about no matter what so my advice is to choose\n> him.]\n\nI admit the last sentence is half guesswork from the context and it doesn't\nmake sense to me. There's a few things that confuse me here:\n\n> 1) あたり\n\nWhat is the correct function of \"あたり\" here? To me it felt like\n\"choosing\"/\"selecting\" would be fitting.\n\n> 2) でも\n\nAm I right in assuming \"no matter what\" is a correct way to parse this or am I\nthink of the wrong usage of でも?\n\n> 3) ながら\n\nI am very familiar with the usage of ながら in the context of \"while\" and\n\"although/despite\". What function does it have in this sentence? This one\nreally confuses me.",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Help parsing a short passage",
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"body": "1. 中村さん辺り is \"Nakamura-san for instance\". ～辺り can mean \"～ or something like that\" but used only in the context of choosing something/someone. See the fourth definition [here](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%BE%BA%E3%82%8A).\n 2. Yes, どんな凄い味でも is \"no matter how awful it tastes\".\n 3. I'm not totally sure whether he will say 文句 while doing 解説 or before doing 解説. If 文句 and 解説 occur at the same time, this ながら would be \"while complaining\" (i.e., \"make a harsh remark on it.\") If it means doing a favorable 解説 after complaining about his task a bit, this ながら would be \"(maybe) after complaining\" or \"although he would complain before giving a commentary.\" It depends on the context and the character of Nakamura-san.\n\nNote that 「どんな凄い味でも文句言いながら解説してくれると思いますから」 is an inserted subsidiary clause.\nThe main structure of the sentence is:\n\n> 中村さんあたりならオススメですね。 \n> I recommend (as a taster) Nakamura-san, for instance.\n\nSo the whole sentence (without the 文句言いながら part explained above) is:\n\n> 中村さんあたりならどんな凄い味でも解説してくれると思いますからオススメですね。 \n> I recommend (as a taster) Nakamura-san, for instance, because he can give\n> commentary on it no matter how awful it tastes.",
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"body": "> tamago o yoku tabemasu.\n>\n> kudamono wa amari tabemasen.\n\nWhy for the first sentence with tamago, the particle \"o\" is used where as for\nthe second sentence with kudamono, particle \"wa\" is used?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-25T17:06:04.807",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "tamago o yoku tabemasu",
"view_count": 1434
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"body": "This is why \"wa\" is called a _topic_ marker rather than a _subject_ marker.\n\n> ### [Topic\n> Marker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_marker#Japanese:_%E3%81%AF)\n>\n> The topic marker is one of many Japanese particles. It is written with the\n> hiragana は, which is normally pronounced _ha_ , but when used as a particle\n> is pronounced _wa_. **It is placed after whatever is to be marked as the\n> topic.** If what is to be the topic would have had が (ga), the subject\n> marker, or を ((w)o), the direct object marker, as its particle, those are\n> replaced by は. Other particles (for example: に, と, or で) are not replaced,\n> and は is placed after them. (emphasis mine)\n\nは marks the subject of a sentence only in, say, 80% of the cases. In your\ncase, を was replaced by は because fruit is the (contrasted) topic of the\nsecond sentence. Note that this は is also working as a contrast marker. Also\nnote that は is much preferred in negative sentences.\n\nSee:\n\n * [What's the difference between wa (は) and ga (が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010)\n * [Why is the topic marker often used in negative statements (ではない, ～とは思わない)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/5010)",
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"body": "The following excerpt is taken from a conversation with my languagepartner.\nFor context:\n\n私が Skype\nのインスタントメッセージ機能で、リアルタイムに日本語の会話をすることはあまりありません。お互いにオンラインで、会話を楽しみたいときは、英語を使うことが多いです。\n\n基本的には italki と同じです。時間があるときにメッセージを読んだり書いたりします。Skype\nの便利なところは、イラスト、写真、リンク、ファイルなど、いろいろなものを送れるところです。文章を読むだけではわかりにくいことも、イラストや写真、時にはYouTubeの動画なども使って説明することができます。モチベーションを保つためには、楽しみながら学ぶことが大切だと思います。\n\nThe sentence in question:\n文章を読むだけではわかりにくいことも、イラストや写真、時にはYouTubeの動画なども使って説明することができます。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Though it is hard to understand at reading essays,\nwhile using Youtube videos and the like _when/in times of (???)_ Illustrations\nand photos, you can explain/expose.\"\n\nBeforehand, has anyone got a better idea for わかりにくい instead of \"hard to\nunderstand\"? At least in my translation, it isn't optimal, but I kind of\nlacked the creativity to come up with something better.\n\nTo the matter at hand: I think 使って and 説明することができます are connected in the way\nthat \"while doing X, I can expose/show (Y).\" I think in this context \"to\nexpose\" is more suitable than \"to explain\", although basically both are very\nwell possible here. Still, especially with the phrase イラストや写真、時には I have no\nidea how to integrate the parts inside the 使って phrase so that I can properly\nattach the 使って phrase to the 説明 phrase. In the 時に phrase, there is a lack of\nverb isn't there?\n\nAlso in 文章を読むだけではわかりにくいことも, I wonder wether ことも connects to できます? I guess not,\nbut I can't rule it out yet since my understanding of the full sentence is\nless than optimal. I think こと simply references back to SKYPE in the usecase\nof 文章を読む: \"Only at reading essays, it (=usecase \"read essay with Skype\") is\nhard to understand\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-25T18:58:31.400",
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"tags": [
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"title": "How do 使って and 説明する interact here?",
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"body": "I think it's 時には that mainly threw you off.\n\n * Aも説明することができます。 \nI can explain also/even A. (Note that も is replacing を)\n\n * 文章を読むだけではわかりにくいこと \n**things** which are hard to understand just by reading text (um, why\n\"though\"?)\n\n * [時には](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%99%82%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF) \n**sometimes** (This 時には is not \"when\" because it doesn't follow a verb or\n`noun + の`)\n\n> 私は時にはコーヒーも飲みます。 I sometimes drink coffee, too.\n\n * イラストや写真、時にはYouTubeの動画など \nthings such as illustrations, photographs or **sometimes** YouTube videos\n\n * ～も使って \nalso using ～; also with the aid of ～\n\nMy attempt is as follows:\n\n> 文章を読むだけではわかりにくいことも、イラストや写真、時にはYouTubeの動画なども使って説明することができます。 \n> Things which are hard to understand just by reading text can be explained\n> with the aid of illustration, photographs or sometimes YouTube videos.",
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"body": "The following is an excerpt out of a conversation between me and my language\npartner. For context: 基本的には italki と同じです。時間があるときにメッセージを読んだり書いたりします。Skype\nの便利なところは、イラスト、写真、リンク、ファイルなど、いろいろなものを送れるところです。文章を読むだけではわかりにくいことも、イラストや写真、時にはYouTubeの動画なども使って説明することができます。モチベーションを保つためには、楽しみながら学ぶことが大切だと思います。\n\nThe sentence in question: モチベーションを保つためには、楽しみながら学ぶこと **が** 大切だと思います。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Concerning preservation of motivation, I think it\nis important **for** having fun while at the same time studying.\"\n\nSo the problem here is that in the way I translated the sentence, I'd rather\nexpect the particle に instead of が in 楽しみながら学ぶこと **が** 大切だ. So, either I\nmisunderstood the sentence entirely or there is something about the use of が\nin the construction at hand which I don't know yet :D",
"comment_count": 2,
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"tags": [
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"title": "Why is が used here instead of に?",
"view_count": 121
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"body": "To be honest your translation doesn't sound like natural English to me. \"It is\nimportant for having fun\"? I don't think I've ever heard that construction\nbefore. \"It is important to have fun\" sounds natural and is a better\ntranslation of the original Japanese, imo. As Greg suggested in the comments,\nI also interpreted the sentence as \"I think having fun while studying is\nimportant for preserving motivation.\" が in the sentence is marking that phrase\nto be the subject, so like これが大切だ would be \"this is important\", the が in your\nsentence is marking the phrase to be defined by some adjective.",
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"body": "I need some help with a bit of the Japanese-English translation I'm currently\nworking on. Here is the full Japanese sentence:\n\n> 返事をした女の子がこちらに近づき、僕の手にナイフを握{にぎ}らせる。\n\nThe following is the bit of what I need help with translating in the context\nof the above sentence:\n\n> ナイフを握{にぎ}らせる。\n\nThe second section directly translates to:\n\n僕の手 - \"my hand\"\n\nに - particle that represent direction of movement\n\nナイフ - \"knife\"\n\nを - particle that means the knife is being affected by following verb event\n\n握{にぎ}らせる - to let (someone) take hold of your hand/ grasp/ seize - verb.\n\nWhich all together translates to the following when strung together in a\nsentence:\n\n> my hand is taken hold of by (someone) knife is grasped in my hand.\n\nI'm having trouble conveying the action while using only the words/meanings\nthat are provided in the original which I have managed to translate as:\n\n> The girl’s response was to approach me, take hold of my hand knife appears\n> in my grasped hand.\n\nFrom what I know of the context, the knife is being placed? given? to the POV\ncharacter by the girl before it is grasped, which is not shown in the given\nJapanese or translation. As pointed out in mindful's comment, the translation\nfor\n\n> [僕の手にナイフを握{にぎ}らせる]\n\nis more or less \"made me grip the knife in my hand\". \nHowever, my understanding of the translated context would be that the\ntranslation would be the equivalent of “the girl grasps my hand, knife appears\nin my grasped hand\".\n\nIs it possible for me to translate this to\n\n> \"The girl’s response is to approach me, take hold of my hand and places in\n> my hand a knife.\"\n\nwhile using only the words/meanings that are provided in the original\nJapanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-26T02:59:11.243",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice",
"verbs",
"sentence"
],
"title": "I need help translating as I'm confused with word usage",
"view_count": 363
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{
"body": "First of all, as Kurasukun said, I think that understanding the grammar here\nis what will really make the difference. Most of the constructs used here are\nrelatively straightforward _as long as you know what they are_ , so I'll try\nand provide reading for each relevant construct.\n\n> 返事をした女の子\n\nThis is \"the girl who responded\". In this case, 「返事をした」 is a subordinate\nclause describing 「女の子」. Tae Kim has a pretty good explanation of how\nsubordinate clauses are used to modify nouns\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/clause). The particularly\nrelevant section is _Using relative verb clauses as adjectives_.\n\n> がこちらに近づき\n\nI think your understanding of this part is fine; it's talking about the girl\ncoming closer to the speaker, with 「こちらに」 meaning \"in the speaker's direction\"\nand 「近づき」 meaning \"to come closer\".\n\n> 僕の手にナイフを握{にぎ}らせる\n\nSo this is the tricky part. Tae Kim has an explanation of causative verb usage\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass) which I think\nis worth reading (specifically the section _Causative Verbs_ ). Knowing what\nyou are looking at will help you parse it.\n\nThat said, the way that I would think about this is that the actual action is\n「僕の手にナイフを握る」, meaning \"grip the knife in my hand\". Then, because the verb 握る\nis conjugated into the causative 握らせる, it becomes \"lets/makes (me) grip the\nknife in my hand\".\n\nAs for a translation of the whole sentence, keeping it fairly literal I would\nsay something like:\n\n> The girl who responded comes closer, and makes me grip the knife in my hand.",
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"body": "> 返事をした女の子がこちらに近づき、僕の手にナイフを握らせる。\n\nThis means \"The girl who responded approached me, and put a knife in my hand.\"\n[1]\n\n握る is the verb used for clasping, gripping things with a hand. It is the\nnatural verb to use for a knife.\n\nGiven the context [posted\nhere](http://archiveofourown.org/works/13161804/chapters/30106152), it's clear\nthat the narrator just woke up, and nowhere in the story is a knife mentioned\nbefore, so the knife is not his nor in his hand nor within his reach.\n\n[1] Nitpickers: I have \"approached\" and \"put\" in the past tense here because\nfiction flows better that way in English to me.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-28T08:12:16.333",
"id": "55480",
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fF79Q.jpg)\n\n**Context:**\n\nI encountered this in a compulsory book about moral education for elementary\nschool student by MEXT \"私たちの道徳\"\n[Source](http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/doutoku/detail/1344255.htm)\n\nMy question:\n\n> 1. What is the best equivalent proverb in English of: **腹八分目に医者いらず**?\n>\n> 2. What is the **background story** of this proverb in Japanese?\n>\n> 3. Why do the Japanese use \" **八分目** \" or \" **80% full** \"?\n>\n> 4. Is there probably any **medical record** or any **medical publication**\n> source that this is true or is this only a conjecture at best?\n>\n>\n\nMy attempt in translating it:\n\n> **Eating in moderation is good for your health**.\n>\n> **An apple a day keeps the doctor away**.\n\nIs this natural?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-26T06:38:52.563",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"proverbs"
],
"title": "What is the English proverb equivalent of 腹八分目{はらはちぶんめ}に[医者]{いしゃ}いらず and the history behind the proverb?",
"view_count": 1180
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[
{
"body": "> 1. What is the best equivalent proverb in English of: 腹八分目に医者いらず?\n>\n\nここは、日本語｛にほんご｝を勉強{べんきょう}するサイトですので、英語｛えいご｝の表現｛ひょうげん｝は別｛べつ｝のところで尋｛たず｝ねてください。\n\n> 2. What is the background story of this proverb in Japanese?\n>\n\n４番目｛ばんめ｝の回答｛かいとう｝で貝原｛かいばら｝益軒｛えっけん｝の書｛か｝いた『養生訓｛ようじょうくん｝』のことを紹介｛しょうかい｝しますが、それとは別｛べつ｝に、「腹八分目｛はらはちぶめ｝」の考｛かんが｝え方｛かた｝は、多分｛たぶん｝中国｛ちゅうごく｝から来｛き｝たのだと思｛おも｝います。「腹八分目」はここでは食事｛しょくじ｝の量｛りょう｝のことですが、食事は単｛たん｝なる例｛たと｝えであって、人間｛にんげん｝の理想｛りそう｝とする生｛い｝き方｛かた｝を示｛しめ｝しているのだと思｛おも｝います。食事の量に限｛かぎ｝らず、何｛なん｝でも目一杯｛めいっぱい｝の「百｛ひゃく｝パーセント」はだめで、少｛すこ｝しの余地{よち}を残｛のこ｝した生｛い｝き方｛かた｝、あるいは何｛なに｝ごとも控｛ひか｝えめにすることが良｛よ｝いとする人生訓｛じんせいくん｝であるように思｛おも｝います。 \n「八分目（はちぶめ/はちぶんめ）」とは、最大｛さいだい｝が十｛じゅう｝のところを八｛はち｝で控｛ひか｝えること、あるいは、控｛ひか｝えめにしておくことです。\n\n> 3. Why do the Japanese use \"八分目\" or \"80% full\"?\n>\n\nなぜかは分かりませんが、百パーセントより少ない量｛りょう｝を数字｛すうじ｝で概略｛がいりゃく｝表｛あらわ｝すのに、「八分目｛はちぶんめ｝」「五六分目｛ごろくぶんめ｝」「半分｛はんぶん｝」「三分目｛さんぶんめ｝」「二三分目｛にさんぶんめ｝」というような表現｛ひょうげん｝が多｛おお｝く使｛つか｝われてきました。\n\n> 4. Is there probably any medical record or any medical publication source\n> that this is true or is this only a conjecture at best?\n>\n\n語源｛ごげん｝として[ここ](https://ameblo.jp/dh-\nmichiko/entry-10245399058.html)に、江戸時代｛えどじだい｝の儒学者｛じゅがくしゃ｝であり、医者｛いしゃ｝であった貝原｛かいばら｝益軒｛えっけん｝という儒学者の書いた医学書｛いがくしょ｝『養生訓｛ようじょうくん｝』に、「珍美｛ちんみ｝の食｛しょく｝に対｛たい｝するとも八九分｛はちくぶ｝にして止｛や｝むべし」という言葉｛ことば｝があると書｛か｝かれています。\n\n私は、貝原益軒も『養生訓{ようじょうくん}』を著｛あらわ｝したときには、すでに「人生｛じんせい｝何事｛なにごと｝も控｛ひか｝えめが良い」という人生訓｛じんせいくん｝を知っていたと思います。\nなお、お腹｛なか｝いっぱい食｛た｝べることを毎日｛まいにち｝続｛つづ｝けていると西洋人｛せいようじん｝に多｛おお｝い「太｛ふと｝り過｛す｝ぎ _obese_\n」になり、健康｛けんこう｝を害{がい}することが分{わ}かっていますので、「腹八分目は医者いらず」は、医学的｛いがくてき｝にも根拠｛こんきょ｝があるのでしょう。\n\n# EDIT\n\nI read the comment of Vun-Hugh Vaw and understood that I needed to answer a\nlittle more carefully, so I'll add some information. \nThe reason I answered in Japanese was because I understood that OP could\nunderstand Japanese very well by reading the profile of OP and by the content\nof the question posted by OP.\n\nThe reason why I didn't answer the first question of the questioner was\nbecause it was written as \"What is the **best** equivalent proverb in English\nof: 腹八分目に医者いらず?\" The \"best\" answer is impossible unless you are familiar with\nboth Japanese and English.\n\nIf you do not stick to the best answer, you can find the following examples\nincluding ones presented by OP and ones in the answers posted if you search\nfor them on the Internet using \"腹八分 医者 英語\" as a keyword.\n\n * (a) Moderation in eating is the best medicine.\n * (b) Moderate eating keeps the doctor away.\n * (c) Eating in moderation is good for your health.\n * (d) An apple a day keeps the doctor away.\n * (e) Temperance is better than medicine.\n * (f) Feed by measure and defy the physician.\n * (g) Measure is medicine.\n * (h) Much meat, much disease.\n * (i) You may go farther and fare worse. Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs (6 ed.) [here](http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198734901.001.0001/acref-9780198734901-e-906) defines this as \" _Be satisfied with what is close at hand rather than searching further afield and possibly ending up worse off_.\"\n\nI think that the translations using \"moderation\" or \"moderate\" including OP's\nattempt is close to the essential meaning of \"腹八分 or 腹八分目\". \nThe last example sentence (i) carrying commentary from the Oxford dictionary\nhere is close to what is said to be \" **知足｛ちそく｝** \" or \"足｛た｝るを知｛し｝る _knowing\ncontentment_ \" in Japanese, which is, I think, close to \"人生訓 _rule of life_ or\n_how to live properly_ \".\n\n\"知足 _knowing contentment_ \" was used first by \"老子{ろうし} _Laozi_ \", an ancient\nChinese philosopher and writer, who had also influenced Japan.\n\nSee [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laozi) for Laozi, and see\n[here](http://blog.mage8.com/roushi-33) for the commentary on Laozi's first\ntext using 知足. \"知足者富\" by Laozi is interpreted as \"A person who knows\ncontentment has true wealth\" in the commentary. \nIt is also known as \"足｛た｝るを知｛し｝るは富｛とみ｝にまさる _Contentment is better than riches_\n\".\n\nThe important thing that I want to convey with \"moderation\" or \"知足 _knowing\ncontentment_ \" is not only \"physical health\" written in the proverb presented\nby OP but also \"mental health\". If we consider how we can acquire mental\nhealth, we need \"moderation\" or \"知足\".\n\nThe idea of \"知足\" was adopted in Zen in Japan, and it has been one of the\nimportant ideas that supports the spirit of the Japanese until the\nintroduction of Western culture into Japan. 知足 is well known as a word used in\nthe expression with \"吾{われ}唯{ただ}足{た}るを知{し}る _All you need, you already have_ \"\nin Japan.\n\n\"吾唯足るを知る\" will be explained in the following BONUS.\n\n# BONUS\n\n\"蹲踞 _Tsukubai_ \", a kind of a washbasin, of Ryoanji-temple in Kyoto, which is\nfamous for its rock garden and also for a world cultural heritage, utilizes\nwittily the square or a shape of 口 in the middle of it to arrange four kanjis\nof \"吾\", \"唯\", \"足\" and \"知\" clockwise. In total they make up a meaning of\n\"吾唯足るを知る _Whatever needed is already in your hand_ or _You already know you\nhave enough_ \".\n\n蹲踞 or \"tsukubai\" is a washbasin (usually made of stone) set in a Japanese\ngarden. Here, guests rinse their hands and mouths, purifying both body and\nspirit before entering the tea room for a tea ceremony.\n\nI'll show the Tsukubai of Ryoanji-temple with 吾唯足知 in the following\nillustration. \nThe word order of 知足 differs depending on the difference between Chinese and\nJapanese languages.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fb2x0.jpg)",
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"body": "> 1. What is the best equivalent proverb in English of: 腹八分目に医者いらず?\n>\n\nI'm not really good at English proverbs, so I'll leave this to someone else.\nBasically the meaning of this proverb is something very simple,\nstraightforward and mundane, \"Don't eat too much.\" Nothing more or less. Of\ncourse 医者いらず is an exaggerated expression, and it should be taken as \"～ is\ngood for your health.\"\n\n> 2. What is the background story of this proverb in Japanese?\n> 3. Why do the Japanese use \"八分目\" or \"80% full\"?\n> 4. Is there probably any medical record or any medical publication source\n> that this is true or is this only a conjecture at best?\n>\n\nI'm afraid to say this, but there is not much to talk about regarding this\nsaying. This saying is fairly old, and obviously not based on an evidence from\nmodern scientific research. I believe someone in the old days chose 80% either\npurely empirically or arbitrarily. The number \"8\" is not very important.\n\nSome expressions like 矛盾 have fascinating background stories, but 腹八分目 is a\npretty simple and straightforward Japanese phrase which has nothing to do with\nmetaphor, philosophy or religion. I think it's extremely difficult to trace\nwho first said this. After all, it can be said that the idea of \"eating too\nmuch is bad for your health\" itself is almost as old as the history of human\ncivilizations.",
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"body": "I'm sure most (English speakers) have heard terms like:\n\n> when pigs fly\n\nor\n\n> when hell freezes over\n\nor\n\n> when the Cubs win the World Series **[obsolete]** (U.S. only)\n\nAm wondering if there is anything similar in Japanese.\n\nWikipedia has a list but nothing for Japanese:\n[List_of_idioms_of_improbability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_idioms_of_improbability\n\"List_of_idioms_of_improbability\")",
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"tags": [
"idioms"
],
"title": "Japanese idioms of improbability",
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"body": "You can find many idioms that denote something is impossible on online\nglossaries, including:\n\n * 石に花咲く (a flower blooms on a stone)\n * 太陽が西から昇る (the sun rising from the west)\n * 網の目に風とまる (wind being trapped by a net)\n * 畑に蛤 (finding clams in a vegetable field)\n * 山の芋鰻になる (potatoes becoming eels)\n\nBut these are all fairly rare. I think these are used like `(impossible event)\nなんて (idiom) だ/(の)ようなものだ`. As far as I know, none is widely used in the form of\n\"～の時に\", \"～たら\", etc. Saying 石に花が咲いたら仕事します, for example, will only confuse\npeople.",
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"body": "枯{か}れ木｛き｝に花｛はな｝ (が) 咲く is literally translated as \" _Flowers bloom on dead\ntrees_ \".\n\nNaruto introduces a lot of expressions as examples in Japanese language that\ndenote things seldom happen, or absolutely never happen or impossible to\nhappen, but in reality they are hardly used in Japan except \"(A) 太陽が西から昇る\", so\nmany Japanese people including me have seldom heard of them. Therefore, it is\nbetter not to introduce other than (A) to others.\n\nAs for the expression I introduced in the first line of my answer, we hear\nrelatively well as well as (A), but we don't immediately notice that it\npresents a proverb corresponding to English expressions presented by OP.\nHowever, thinking logically of the expression, it can certainly be understood\nas corresponding to the English examples. So please introduce it also with (A)\nwith confidence or use them yourself.",
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"body": "Slightly different than others. We have \"逆立ちしたって出来ない\": Direct translation:\n\"Even if you did hand standing, it's impossible\". It means no matter what kind\nof effort you put, you can't do it.\n\nI read Japanese avant-garde artist Taro Okamoto reviewed Diego Velasquez who\nis famous for \"Las Meninas\". \"俺には逆立ちしたってあんなの描けやしない\" It probably means \"No\nmatter what kind of effort I put, I couldn't draw like that\".",
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"body": "Found this quote in Chuunibyou demo Koi ga Shitai!:\n\n> 余計なこと教えるんじゃなかった\n\nHow my brain tried to process it:\n\n> I did not teach unnecessary things\n\nEnglish readability aside, it doesn't make any sense anyways, to which I found\nthe subtitles to be\n\n> I shouldn't have taught her all that\n\nwhich in turn completely baffled me. How does the grammar work out here?\n\nMany thanks.",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to make sense of '余計なこと教えるんじゃなかった'",
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"body": "I'm wondering if I translated the bolded part of the following sentence\ncorrectly due to not being 100% certain on the rules of the て-form.\n\n> 軍隊で使うような、 **重くて** 厚みのあるサバイバルナイフ。\n\nI managed to translate the entire sentence as the following two possible\ntranslations, the bolded words corresponding with what I bolded above:\n\n> The knife is like a knife used by the military, **not heavy** , yet\n> profound; it is a certain type of survival knife.\n>\n> The knife is like a knife used by the military, **not heavy** , with a\n> certain thickness found in a survival knife.\n\nAccording to the following link, the て-form of adjectives is the equivalent\nnegative and are created by replacing the 「い」 with 「くて」.\n\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_a_sequence_of_verbs_with_the_te-\nform>\n\n> Negative: Same as i-adjectives, replace 「い」 with 「くて」.\n\nSeeing as how 重い can mean ' heavy ' or ' massive ', does this mean that the\nte-form changes the meaning to ' not heavy ' if the て-form turns the original\nword into a negative?\n\nSite I use for 重い possible translations:\n[https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/entry_details.cfm?entry_id=32171&j=%E9%87%8D%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A6](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/entry_details.cfm?entry_id=32171&j=%E9%87%8D%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A6)",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Did I translate the て-form correctly in this sentence?",
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"body": "> 「軍隊{ぐんたい}で使{つか}うような、 **重{おも}くて** 厚{あつ}みのあるサバイバルナイフ。」\n\n「重くて」 means \" ** _heavy and_** \". I am not sure how you ended up with \" **\n_not heavy_** \". Where in 「重くて」 are you seeing a negative element?\n\nIt **_is_** heavy **_and_** it has another quality to it, which is 「厚みのある」\n(\"thick\").\n\nThe negative te-form would be 「重く **なく** て」(\"not heavy and\").\n\nFinally, the phrase in question is **NOT** a regular sentence (but you\ntranslated it as if it were a sentence). It is only a noun phrase meaning:\n\n> \"A/The heavy and thick survival knife that one might use in the military.\"",
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"body": "No, て form does not mean it's negative, it's rather a sort of a conjunctive\nform. Notice that the linked page is about verbs, and the description doesn't\nsay て form is negative, rather that negative て form of verbs is formed the\nsame way as regular て form of adjectives (because negative plain form of a\nverb has adjectival form due to the ending -ない), as you can see from the\nsample conjugations table below the quoted part.\n\nThe bolded part is an adjective in a (not negative) て form, so it keeps its\npositive meaning joining what follows using \"and\".",
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"body": "I am doing an exercise in Genki Book I. The question is:\n\n> Translate \"I don't think Chieko likes Mayumi\" into Japanese.\n\nI think the answer is:\n\n> ちえこさんはまゆみさんが好きじゃないと思います。\n\nIs the meaning of this Japanese sentence ambiguous? Could it instead mean that\nChieko thinks Mayumi doesn't like (something)?\n\nIf I wanted to include 私は, to make it clear that this is my opinion, what\nhappens with the particles in the rest of the sentence? Does the は after ちえこさん\nbecome が? Is this the only thing that changes?\n\n> 私はちえこさん **が** まゆみさんが好きじゃないと思います。\n\nIs this correct?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
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"title": "Expressing Opinions ～と思う",
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"body": "> \"I don't think Chieko likes Mayumi.\"\n\nYour TL of that is:\n\n> 「ちえこさんはまゆみさんが好きじゃないと思います。」\n\nYour translation is good if the purpose of the lesson is to learn to use 「思う」\nin the affirmative form even though the sentence in question is clearly in the\nnegative form \"I don't think\".\n\nAs a Japanese sentence, it is impeccable. Its meaning is **_not_** ambiguous\nat all **unless you say it in a situiation where talking about who Chieko\nlikes or dislikes is clearly irrelevant**. Japanese is an incredibly contexual\nlanguage; Take that from a veteran native speaker.\n\nIf you wanted to use 「私は」, I would suggest you place it right in front of the\nverb at the end instead of at the beginning of the sentence. That would be:\n\n> 「ちえこさん **は** まゆみさん **が** 好きじゃないと **私は** 思います。」\n\nIt is, of course, grammatical to say:\n\n> 「 **私は** 、ちえこさん **は** まゆみさん **が** 好きじゃないと思います。」\n\nMentioning all three persons at the beginning makes it look/sound kind of\ncrammed, which is why I used a comma after the 「私は」.\n\n「私は」 is not required **_at all_** in Japanese though it might take time for\nyou to get used to it.\n\n> Could it instead mean that Chieko thinks Mayumi doesn't like (something)?\n\nAgain, it could if it is said in a situation/context where the topic of the\ndiscussion is who likes or dislikes **_something_** (instead of who likes or\ndislikes **_someone_** ), which is why I have to type the same sentence here\neveryday: \"Japanese is a contextual language\".\n\nThe exact same phrase/sentence can mean completely different things.\n\nFinally, your sentence:\n\n> 「私は、ちえこさん **が** まゆみさん **が** 好きじゃないと思います。」\n\nmeans a different thing than:\n\n> 「私は、ちえこさん **は** まゆみさん **が** 好きじゃないと思います。」\n\nTo say the former sentence, you need to have been talking about multiple\npeople who might or might not like Mayumi. Then you are saying that out of all\nthose people, it is Chieko who does not like Mayumi.\n\nTo say the latter, no particular context is needed. You are just saying that\nChieko does not like Mayumi.\n\nIf nothing I am saying makes sense to you, do not worry too much about it now.\nYou will get used to our particles in a few years. As if I had met someone who\nhad mastered the particles in a few years...",
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"body": "For it to mean \"Chieko thinks Mayumi doesn't like something\". You would need\nall はs in the sentence, because が denotes the object of \"like\". So, 私は好き does\nnot mean \"I like myself\", but would instead mean \"I like [it] (the object\nwhich is liked is omitted). 私は犬が好き \"I like dogs\". Now in this sentence you\nhave an object (I keep saying object but the correct term would be subject...)\nto be \"liked\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T04:59:16.850",
"id": "55449",
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"parent_id": "55438",
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"score": 1
}
] |
55438
|
55440
|
55440
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't make heads or tails with translating this question in a book I'm\ntranslating at the moment. The sentence I'm working on, ironically enough,\nleads me to more questions while from what I can gather, is about a question\nitself. (Image is provided for assistance and spell-checking Japanese)\n\n> これを一体どうしろというのか？\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BYzSN.jpg)\n\nI know that これを一体 can be translated to 'this' 'one object' / 'this' 'one body'\n/ 'this' 'unity'/ 'this' 'the heck...', but the rest I have absolutely no clue\nas to what it can mean in this sentence other than that the last two hiragana\nのか is a particle.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T01:04:53.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55445",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-12-27T05:30:20.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"questions"
],
"title": "What does どうしろという mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 577
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「これを一体{いったい}どうしろというのか？」\n\n「一体」 here is a light cuss word meaning \"the heck\", \"in the world\", etc.\n\n「どうしろという」 should be remembered as a set phrase meaning \"to tell (me or another\nperson) what to do\".\n\n「これ」 would refer to the knife you asked a question about recently.\n\nSo, we would have something like:\n\n> \"What the heck are (they) telling me to do with this?\"\n\nMore naturally,\n\n> \"What the heck do they want me to do with this?\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T01:15:35.373",
"id": "55446",
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"score": 6
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55445
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55446
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wM1K1.png)\n\nI want to translate this twitter status of AKB48 member. She wrote about the\ngraduation(retirement) of one of the member, but I'm not sure what **儚い** mean\nin this context.\n\nAccording to [Jisho](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%84%9A%E3%81%84), it can mean\n\n 1. fleeting; transient; short-lived; momentary; ephemeral; fickle; vain\n 2. empty (dream, etc.); mere (hope); faint (possibility)\n\nI was wondering what does she mean here?\n\n**EDIT** : I'm currently confused between\n\n 1. Mayu's beauty is fragile and delicate (cause she does have that pure idol image)\n\nor\n\n 2. The fact that she is leaving, so her beautiness and cuteness is leaving as well (kinda like poetic way of saying? I dunno)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T04:48:07.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55448",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "19458",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 儚い mean in this context?",
"view_count": 1719
}
|
[
{
"body": "儚い or 儚げな can be used positively to describe some \"static\" type of beauty\nfound within weak/unstable/delicate things or people. It may be similar to so-\ncalled wabi-sabi. It's the opposite of dynamic, glamour, strong or gorgeous\nkind of beauty (like that of AKB48 or Lady Gaga).\n\nI think Japanese cherry blossoms are typical 儚い things. Ill-fated/薄幸系/幸薄い系\nperson such as Cinderella is one 儚い stereotype. The following articles may\nhelp:\n\n * [儚いと感じる女性の特徴ってなんだと思いますか？](http://girlschannel.net/topics/1361031/)\n * [目が離せない！儚げな男子たち。](https://matome.naver.jp/odai/2142527022973308301)\n\nPlease don't ask me how this explanation fits the まゆ's case; I don't know much\nabout her, but I'm not sure how [these\npictures](https://twitter.com/345__chan/status/945631600338857984) can be\ndescribed as 儚い because they look very energetic and happy...\n\n**EDIT** : Oh, so she retired that day? Then I think 儚い refers to that fact;\nyou won't be able to see Mayu in idol costumes soon, and she's emotional about\nthat.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T05:30:43.397",
"id": "55451",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-27T06:59:22.573",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-27T06:59:22.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55448",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55448
| null |
55451
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been thinking about this for a few days but I still can't figure out what\nthis means. Sorry if this is really beginner-like!\n\nI was wondering what this particular part in a sentence means: にと思って. Example\nsentence is:\n\n> ［これは私の新しいレシピだ。］君のお弁当 **にと思って** 作ってきたんだ。\n\n(the first sentence is only there for context, the second contains what I want\nto ask for.)\n\nPlease help! I appreciate any answers.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T08:13:12.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55453",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-27T11:49:37.093",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-27T09:13:41.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27100",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of にと思って in a sentence",
"view_count": 720
}
|
[
{
"body": "I assume you know how to use ～と思って, which is \"..., thinking ～\". Try to read it\nlike this:\n\n> 「君のお弁当に」と思って作ってきたんだ。\n\nEverything before the quotative-と is a quote (in this context, what he\nthought). So 君のお弁当に is the content of his thoughts, and it makes sense on its\nown. The particle に has many functions, one of which is denoting a purpose.\nIt's like English \"as ～\" or \"for ～\".\n\n> * プレゼントに人形を買いました。 I bought a doll as a present.\n> * 何に使うの？ What do you use it for? / What is it for?\n>\n\nThus the sentence means simply \"I made it for/as your _bento_ /lunch.\", or\nmore literally, \"I made it thinking '(It would be) for your _bento_.'\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T09:10:18.853",
"id": "55456",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55453",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55453
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence in my grammar dictionary \"アメリカに来てから今日で三年になる\",\nwhich is translated as \"It's been 3 years since I came to America\". Is this\nthe standard way of expressing \"It's been... since...\" ? Is \"今日で\" redundant or\nnecessary?\n\nI would be very grateful if you could provide some example sentences for me to\nexamine. Thanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T09:00:47.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55455",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-で",
"time"
],
"title": "How to say \"It has been (time) since....\"",
"view_count": 5012
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 1. Is this the standard way of expressing \"It's been... since...\"?\n>\n\nYes. Alternatively, you can simply say アメリカに来てから今日で3年だ/です. You can find\nhundreds of examples\n[here](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/been+years+since).\n\n> 2. Is \"今日で\" redundant or necessary?\n>\n\n～で is optional if the reference time point is today, this month, etc.\nUnsurprisingly, you can specify another reference time point like so:\n\n> アメリカに来てから来月で3年になる。 \n> Next month, it will be 3 years since I came to America.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T09:26:40.637",
"id": "55457",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55455
| null |
55457
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55464",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> いや あいつがさ 不可視境界線だっけ… それを探すって聞かなくってさ… 付き合ってただけだって\n\nI have trouble understanding the grammar in this informal conversation (all\nsaid by one person). What I could process (whether correctly or incorrectly)\nwas:\n\n> いや あいつがさ 不可視境界線だっけ = _No, that person_ ( **sa** as an emotive particle),\n> _不可視境界線 **だっけ**_ (<-- joggling of speaker's memory)\n>\n> それを探すって聞かなくってさ = _(that person) says she will look for that, but I didn't\n> hear it_ (this is where it starts to make no sense to me)\n>\n> 付き合ってただけだって = _(someone, I don't know who it's supposed to refer to) only\n> accompanied_\n\nAs you can see, I am really confused as to how this conversation breaks down\nand also how to identify the subject/object properly in conversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T10:31:45.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55459",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-22T05:37:31.187",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-22T05:36:05.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27026",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "いや あいつがさ 不可視境界線だっけ… それを探すって聞かなくってさ… 付き合ってただけだって",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "In some context, it can be different though, the subject of それを探すって聞かなくってさ...\nshould be \"あいつ\" since in this context \"探すって\" is normally interpreted as being\nshortened by 探すって言って. So, it should mean _she wouldn't listen because she\nwanted to look for it_\n\n\"不可視境界線だっけ...\" is the object of \"探す\". Now, 不可視境界線だっけ... is a little bit\nunclear though, I'd interpreted \"in the speaker's memory\" as what you\ndescribed like: \"What's that? I think 不可視境界線 or something like that...\"\n\nLastly, \"付き合ってただけだって\" is the what the speaker was actually doing. So, its\nsubject is \"the speaker\". Anyhow, the speaker ended up hanging around for\n\"不可視境界線だっけ\" with \"あいつ\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T11:11:13.550",
"id": "55462",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-27T11:11:13.550",
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{
"body": "> 「いや あいつがさ 不可視{ふかし}境界線{きょうかいせん}だっけ… それを探{さが}すって聞{き}かなくってさ…\n> 付{つ}き合{あ}ってただけだって。」\n\nGrammar first.\n\nMain clause: 「付き合ってただけだって」\n\nSub-clause: 「いや あいつがさ 不可視境界線だっけ… それを探すって聞かなくってさ…」\n\nThe subject of the sentence, naturally, is either mentioned or unmentioned in\nthe main clause, agreed? **The subject here is the unmentioned speaker**.\n\nThe main clause means \" _ **I was only keeping あいつ company**_.\" It ends in a\nsomewhat emphatic quotative particle 「って」. What is left unsaid after that\nwould be something like \"I'm telling you\", \"trust me\", etc. If you are already\nreading something like this, I am sure you have encountered many sentences\nending with quotative particles before.\n\nNext, vocabulary.\n\nYou totally misinterpreted 「聞かなくってさ」 by guessing its meaning as \"I didn't hear\nit\".\n\n「聞かない」 here means \"(someone is) **so stubborn** (that he won't take any\nadvice)\". It is a very common word (to describe how kids are, especially).\n「あいつ」 is the 聞かない guy here, not the speaker.\n\n「探すって聞かない」 thus means \"he is stubbornly determined to look for (it)\"\n\n「不可視境界線」 seems to be a newly coined word (for manga/anime?) that means \"\n**Ethereal Horizon** \". As a non-otaku, I will just leave it at that.\n\nAll in all, the sentence would mean along the lines of:\n\n> \" **You know, he was so stubborn with the idea of searching for the..\n> whatcha call it, the Ethereal Horizon? - so, I was just keeping him\n> company**.\"\n\nIf I were a Japanese learner (which is a strange thing to say because I will\nnever be one), I would try to look for the main verb of the sentence and work\nmy way from there. Here it is 「付き合ってた」. And then, I will try to make sure I am\ngetting the correct meaning of every word used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T11:37:53.270",
"id": "55464",
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55459
|
55464
|
55464
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Who can help with the difference of 車をぶつけられる & 車にぶつけられる?\n\nIn my own understanding, the former means somebody else's car ran into the\nnarrator’s car but the latter means the narrator was hit by a car. I'm not\nsure if I understand it rightly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T16:05:47.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55467",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T05:47:37.233",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-28T05:41:33.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "25748",
"owner_user_id": "25748",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "車をぶつけられる & 車にぶつけられる",
"view_count": 263
}
|
[
{
"body": "車にぶつかった。Bumped into a car.\n\n車をぶつけた。Hit the car (into something/someone else). The object of ぶつける is the\nthing that hits something, and に marks location of impact. It's weird for\nEnglish speakers, I know. E.g.やくざの男が俺をその木にぶつけた。I think of this as being a\ncausative verb, even though it's not, strictly speaking.\n\n車にぶつけられた。Hit the car (as location. I was made to hit/run into the car by\nsomeone/something). そのやくざの男に木にぶつけられた。\n\n車がぶつかった。A car hit (something, maybe me?).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-27T18:18:57.383",
"id": "55468",
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{
"body": "On \"車をぶつけられる \", this time normally \"your\" car has damage in it by the\ncollision when you don't control the car yourself. In other words, you are not\ndirectly involved in the collision, say indirect collision to you, so you\nmight be mentally affected but not physically.\n\nOn \"車にぶつけられる\", this time normally \"you\" are directly hit by a car. You have\nthe direct collision between you and car body. It could be used for the\ncollision between your belongings and car if you are asked what objects hit\nyour belonging.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T05:15:20.727",
"id": "55472",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T05:15:20.727",
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{
"body": "Your understanding is partially fine, that is 車をぶつけられる and 車にぶつけられる are same\nmeaning, but they make differences on the context. So, we need to compensate\nsome words to distinguish them. \n \n[1] 車をぶつけられる \nOne of the meaning of (私は)車をぶつけられた is, as you say, somebody else's car ran\ninto the narrator. However, we can also see 車をぶつけられる as follows: \n(私の家に)車をぶつけられた。 / A car hit my house by someone. \n(友人によって)車をぶつけられた。 / My friend drove my car and hit something. \n \n[2] 車にぶつけられる \n(私は)車にぶつけられた normally means the narrator was hit by a car, but this also has\nother meanings. \n(私の)車にぶつけられた。 / Something hits my car. \n(私は)車にぶつけられた。/ I was pushed and bumped into the car(not a car accident).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T05:36:43.310",
"id": "55473",
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55467
| null |
55472
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55478",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do you describe this state of ' **melempem** ' in Japanese?\n\nThis is the food (kerupuk) in question:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xdXcG.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xv5gj.jpg)\n\n**Melempem** = a state of condition of something that lacks 'hardness' due\nbeing out in the open for some time, has gone soft and not crunchy anymore,\nusually used in cookies, fish/shrimp chips, or belinjo chips. Usage: usually\nto describe a food.\n\nIn Japanese, it's the opposite of ' **かりかり** ' or means lacking\nstiffness/firmness/something that has gone limp and soft due to exposure to\nair.\n\nCan we say: **不干な(ふかんな** )?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T07:33:09.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55477",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T09:02:16.060",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-28T07:41:51.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "10323",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the closest equivalent Japanese word to \"melempem\"?",
"view_count": 618
}
|
[
{
"body": "Judging from your description, I think the word you're looking for is\n[湿気る【しける】](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%B9%BF%E6%B0%97%E3%82%8B) (verb). You can\nmodify a noun using this word like 湿気たクッキー or 湿気ったクッキー. You can find many\narticles on the net about how to restore 湿気たクッキー to its original crisp status.\n\n不干な makes no sense to me. 湿る【しめる】 is another option, but it's primarily used\nfor towels and such.\n\n**EDIT** : If you want mimetic words, there is a word\n[しっとり](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%97%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8A). But this\ndoes not have a negative connotation, so you usually have to use it with\n[～てしまう](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21026/5010), for example\nしっとり(と)してしまったクッキー, to indicate it's undesirable.\n[ベトベト](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%B9%E3%81%A8%E3%81%B9%E3%81%A8) also might\nwork if it's really moist.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T07:48:06.697",
"id": "55478",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T08:16:37.827",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55477",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "For sponge cakes, we might say \"ふっくら\" or \"ふんわり\" for the condition. It's soft\nand its inner part gets hollow. When you taste it, it's a little bit hard to\nchew it.\n\nFor hairstyle, we might call \"もっさり\" when we wake up in the morning and before\nbrushing and hairs get tangled and rising up a bit.\n\nI don't have 不干な(ふかんな) in my vocabulary. I might guess something is not dry,\nhowever.\n\nEdit:\n\nSo, if you want to say rice cracker or seaweed contain too much water, we\nmight call \"べっちゃり\" or \"べちゃべちゃ\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T07:49:43.440",
"id": "55479",
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55477
|
55478
|
55478
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm doing an exercise in my textbook on 尊敬語、and there's a sentence that I\ndon't understand well.\n\nThe sentence is:\n\n> もう論文かいてしまわれましたか｡\n\nIs \"しまわれました\" the past tense of \"いる\"?\n\nIf so, with the 尊敬語 shouldn't it be \"いらっしゃいました\"?.\n\nI'm a bit confused about this, if anyone can please help me understand I'd\nreally appreciate it!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T10:26:06.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55481",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-12-28T19:21:13.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "21684",
"owner_user_id": "27116",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage",
"keigo",
"sonkeigo"
],
"title": "What's the meaning and use of しまわれました in this sentence",
"view_count": 325
}
|
[
{
"body": "The past tense of いる is いた and いた becomes いらっしゃった or いらっしゃいました as the 尊敬語.\nAlso, しまわれました is the past tense of する as the 尊敬語. \n\nBy the way, I feel something wrong with the sentence on your textbook\n\"もう論文かいてしまわれましたか\". It might be grammatically correct, but \"もう論文を書かれましたか\" would\nbe better.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T11:00:45.297",
"id": "55484",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T11:00:45.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "The past tense of いる is of course いた, but the verb いる is not used in the first\nplace, and いらっしゃいました is not relevant at all. The verb you're actually seeing\nis 書く (\"to write\"). The object marker を is omitted after 論文.\n\nTo break down,\n\n * 書いて: the te-form of 書く\n * しまわ: the 未然形/pre-nai-form of しまう, which in this case means \"to finish ～ing\".\n * れ: the continuative- (or pre-masu-) form of れる, which in this case is to show respect to the action taker\n * ました: the ta-form/past-tense of ます\n * か: question marker\n\n> もう論文[書いて]{かいて}しまわれましたか｡ \n> Have you already finished writing your (academic) article?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T11:09:10.147",
"id": "55485",
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55481
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55485
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"body": "I found it in a dictionary but I'm not sure if actually means money.\n\nDo Japanese people use this word?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T10:33:38.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55482",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-12-28T19:39:03.190",
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"owner_user_id": "27117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "ゲルト - means money or not?",
"view_count": 159
}
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[
{
"body": "Japanese people don't use the term ゲルト but use お金 as money. Geld(ゲルト) means\nmoney in Germany.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T10:44:29.043",
"id": "55483",
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{
"body": "「ゲルト」 is a pre-World War II slang term meaning \"money\". It comes from the\nGerman word \"Geld\". The shorter form 「ゲル」 was also used.\n\nDo we still use the word? No, we do not unless some elderly are still secretly\nusing it. (You will see the word, however, if you read novels from a few\ndecades ago.)\n\nWe now mostly use 「金{かね}」、「お金{かね}」、「金銭{きんせん}」, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T17:44:23.063",
"id": "55490",
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55482
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55490
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue with my language partner.\n\nFor some context:\nもちろん、学習法は人によって違います。私は多角的に学んでいくのが好きです。本を読む、ラジオや映画を観るのは1人でもできます。この２つは reading と\nlistening の練習になります。文章を書く（writing）も1人でできますが、相手がいる方が楽しいですよね。会話（speaking)\nの練習も1人でできますが、会話の目的はコミュニケーションなので、相手がいた方がいいです。\nコミュニケーションしたいという強い気持ちがあれば、リーディングもリスニングもライティングも、もっとずっと楽しくなります。がんばろうという強い動機（motivation)\nになるからです。 こうやってメッセージのやりとりをするのも、コミュニケーションの1つですよね。\n\nThe two sentences in question:\nコミュニケーションしたいという強い気持ちがあれば、リーディングもリスニングもライティングも、もっとずっと楽しくなります。がんばろうという強い動機（motivation)\nになるからです。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"When there is a strong\n\nA)...communicationmotivation.. B)...motivation called communication...\n\nReading and Writing become much more enjoyable. This is because it becomes a\n...A) 'let's do this'-motivation.\" ...B) motivation called 'let's do this'.\"\n\nThe problem is that I very well know that という is in many cases NOT to be\ntranslated literally (=\"he/she/it says or \"is called\"). I also know that it\nhas many more functions than just marking a designation/description for the\nfollowing noun. I must also admit though that I'm having a very hard time\ndescribing these other functions and therefore my skills handling these cases\nwhere the other functions apply are not the best. So, while I understand what\nshe wants to tell me, I don't really know what function という is taking the\nrespective sentences. It also confuses me A LOT how がんばろうという強い動機 works, since\nhere a set expression is attached to the following nominal phrase. I haven't\nencountered something like that by now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T15:28:00.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55487",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does という do in this sentence?",
"view_count": 421
}
|
[
{
"body": "The key word here is **_apposition/appositive_**.\n\n> 「Word/Phrase/Mini-Sentence + という + Noun/Noun Phrase」\n\nWhat is said on either side of 「という」 is in apposition to the other. To put it\nmost simply, the two sides are in an \"A = B\" relationship.\n\n> 「がんばろう **という** 強{つよ}い動機{どうき}」\n\n「がんばろう」 is in apposition to 「強い動機」.\n\n> \"a strong motivation to do my best\"\n\nOther examples:\n\n「いつか日本に行きたい **という** 夢{ゆめ}」 = \"a/the/one's dream of going to Japan some day\"\n\n「毎日{まいにち}３時間勉強{じかんべんきょう}しなさい **という** アドバイス」= \"the/one's advice to study 3\nhours daily\"\n\nWhat I have often heard from Japanese-learners is that the fact that the verbs\npreceding the 「という」 can come in different forms (such as imperative,\nvolitional, etc.) throws them off. I think I understand their feeling, but as\nfar as translation is concerned, I would suggest that they use \"(noun) to\n(verb)\" or \"(noun) of (verb)ing\" as I did in all of the examples above. It\nwould be awkward to use something like \"let's\" in the translation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T17:03:11.603",
"id": "55489",
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"parent_id": "55487",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55487
|
55489
|
55489
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55511",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between me and my language\npartner.\n\nThe sentence in question needs some context.\n\nI wrote to her about my struggles with real-time conversation. I also asked\nher whether the construction I used in the respective sentence was correct or\nnot. The following is me telling her about my struggles and then asking her\nabout the grammar of my sentence:\n\n> 私には対話で相手に自然に答えることがいつも難しいものでした (Or would it be better to say it with a verb +\n> にくい“ construction/pattern: 私には対話で相手に自然に答えにくいでした)。\n\nShe replied to me quoting part of my sentence and adding her commentary:\n\n> 「私には対話で相手に自然に答えることがいつも難しいものでした」 という文章に「にくい」を使うかどうかですが、使わない方が自然な文章になると思います。\n> これが過去のことであるの **ならば** 、 「私は、対話での自然な受け答えをいつも難しいと感じました」\n> でいいのではないでしょうか。「対話」と「受け答え\n> \"response\"」という言葉で、「相手がいる」ことははっきりわかるので、「相手に」は省略して良いでしょう。\n\nWhat confuses me the most is ならば, printed in **bold**. However, I'm also not\nsure if I understood the rest correctly, so below I'll write down my\ntranslation of her entire reply above:\n\n> \"Whether to use 'にくい' in the phrase 'It always was a difficult thing for me\n> to reply to my partner naturally in a dialogue' or not, I think it becomes a\n> more natural sentence not using it. _In case this is a thing from the past_\n> , wouldn't 'I always experience a natural response in a dialogue as\n> difficult' be fine as well? Because one knows clearly 'a partner exists'\n> because of the words 'dialogue' and 'response', it is okay ommitting 'to the\n> partner'.\n\nWhat I did here was simply taking なら from [here](http://jisho.org/search/nara)\nbecause that's the only result jisho gave me when searching for ならば. I must\nalso add that until now, なら was only known to me as a suffix when picking up\nsomething up a partner in dialogue said. I thought that the conditional\nsemantics listed on jisho suits this case better, but I might be mistaken here\nas well.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T16:18:09.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55488",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-29T09:07:23.960",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-28T19:39:12.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "what does this ならば do here?",
"view_count": 874
}
|
[
{
"body": "As far as I understand it, 「ならば」 is basically just a more formal/literary\n「なら」. See [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/968/7705). I think the\nonly person I've ever heard use it in speech was a mathematics professor\nduring lectures, but it shows up in writing.\n\nThe differences in usage between conditionals in general in Japanese is a much\nlarger topic and has been discussed in other questions, such as [this\none](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/393/differences-\namong-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89-%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-%E3%81%88%E3%81%B0-etc),\nbut if you understand 「なら」 as a conditional then you should be fine with\n「ならば」.\n\nI think\n\n> In case this is a thing from the past\n\nis maybe not the best way to translate it, because \"(just) in case\" can carry\nnuances of preparing for or dealing with something undesirable. I think\n\"If...\" is fine, or if you want to use \"case\" and preserve the literary tone,\nyou can say \"In the case that...\", though this is a little bit verbose.\n\nAs for the rest of your translation, I think you're getting the important\nstuff right. Some of the English is slightly weird, but I assume this is\nintentional for the sake of a very literal translation. That said, I would\nchange\n\n> 'I always experience a natural response in a dialogue as difficult'\n\nto\n\n> 'I always feel that natural responses in dialogue are difficult'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T08:36:43.697",
"id": "55511",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-29T09:07:23.960",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-29T09:07:23.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "55488",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55488
|
55511
|
55511
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55492",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": ">\n> 歯を何回磨いたかなどをインターネットで歯医者に知らせて、虫歯にならないようにするサービスができました。歯ブラシなどの会社のサンスターと電気製品などの会社の富士通が\n> **考えました** 。 \n> A service has been made that ensures you don't get tooth decay, by\n> informing the dentist - using the internet - of things like how often you\n> brush your teeth. Tooth brush making company サンスター and electrical goods\n> company 富士通 _thought it up_.\n\nI sometimes have trouble with 考える. This is one of those times. I'm not aware\nthat 'thought it up' is a valid translation but it's the only one I can think\nof that fits the context. Have I got this right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T18:40:20.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55491",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T18:50:34.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Unusual meaning of 考える",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "「考{かんが}える」 has many meanings and in this context, it means \" ** _to create\nsomething new_** \".\n\nSee definition #6 in\n[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%80%83%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E5%8B%98%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B-236348#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88),\nwhich says:\n\n> ⑥ 工夫{くふう}して新{あたら}しいものを作{つく}る。\n\nSo, \"thought it up\" is a valid translation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T18:50:34.813",
"id": "55492",
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"score": 5
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55491
|
55492
|
55492
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I want to ask someone if he can translate something for me. However I do not\nknow what the correct way of asking is. I do not want to ask if he wants to do\nit, but rather if he has the knowledge to do so. So something along the lines\nof: Do you know how to translate this, but with 'can' instead of 'Do you know'\n\nI thought of something like:\n\n```\n\n これはできを訳しますか\n \n```\n\nHowever I do not think it is right.\n\nSo my question will then be:\n\nWhat is the correct way to ask someone if he or she can do something? With the\nusage of `できます` (If possible)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T19:31:08.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55493",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-28T20:05:34.507",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-28T20:05:34.507",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17921",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "What is the correct way to ask someone if he or she can do something?",
"view_count": 1757
}
|
[
{
"body": "One important grammar rule that pertains to this is how to ask for a favor\nfrom someone. This requires the knowledge and use of 上｛あ｝げる・くれる・もらう verbs.\n\n> 上{あ}げる -> I give to you\n>\n> くれる -> You give to me\n>\n> もらう -> I receive from you\n\nStemming from this, what you're asking for is for a translation, but you're\nwondering if it is alright to ask for this. So, let's start with the English\nvariant of the question:\n\n> Will you translate this for me?\n\nIf we examine this sentence first, you're asking for the favor of translation.\nBasically, you're asking to be given a translation as a favor. Therefore,\nyou'd want to use くれる as your verb of request. To add additional politeness,\nyou may add よければ or any such phrase at the start of the question to further\nindicate that you're asking this as a favor and not as a demand:\n\n> (よければ、)これを訳して **くれません** か。 \n> (If it's alright with you,) will you ( **Won't you** ) translate this for\n> me?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T19:52:26.820",
"id": "55495",
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}
] |
55493
| null |
55495
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55504",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "All of the examples and questions I have seen are of the form A～たり B～たり する.\nBut is it possible to use たり with three or more actions, such as **A～たり B～たり\nC～たり する**?\n\nFor example, does the following sentence make sense?\n\n> 週末に、友だちに会ったり、日本語の勉強をしたり、本を読んだりします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T19:38:23.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55494",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-14T13:29:01.503",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-14T13:27:01.167",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "27060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Multiple actions ～たり ～たり する",
"view_count": 533
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, I think it's absolutely fine for enumerating saying (A~, B~, C~,\nX~...)たり. There are idiomatic phrases 行ったり来たり(to and fro), 願ったり叶ったり（That's\nwhat I wished for) saying only A~たりB～たり structure though, you can continue\nmore than two in listing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T01:16:33.793",
"id": "55503",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-29T01:16:33.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55494",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Your example is correct. When listing two or more actions, you can use the\nform A~たり、B~たり、C~たりする like:\n\n> 昨夜は食べたり、飲んだり、騒いだりした。 / We ate, drank and spreed last night. \n>\n\nBy the way, it would be better to pay attention not to write as follows: \n\n> 週末に、友達に会ったり、日本語の勉強をする。 △ \n>\n\nSome Japanese people write as above and we can understand its meaning, but it\nis incorrect in terms of the usage of たり. \n\n> 週末に、友達に会ったり、日本語の勉強をしたりする。 〇 \n>\n\nWe shouldn't omit the たり from second and third action.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T01:57:50.100",
"id": "55504",
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55494
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55504
|
55504
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55510",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The official transition is:\n\n> フォースと共にあれ\n\nCan you break it down for me? What is あれ in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-28T20:20:33.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55496",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-29T08:05:30.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9294",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "May the force be with you",
"view_count": 938
}
|
[
{
"body": "フォース ＝ force\n\nと共に ＝ [to be together with](https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/291)\n\nあれ is a conjugation of ある, which means \"to have\". So then, it means \"May you\nhave X\".\n\nI believe [this is a good\nexplanation](https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/5zvg8d/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E3%81%AB%E6%A0%84%E5%85%89%E3%81%82%E3%82%8C_whats_that_%E3%81%82%E3%82%8C_doing_there/?st=jbqyq9i1&sh=ebe4f4fe)\nof the conjugation.\n\n_May you have the force together with you._ → _May the force be with you._",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-28T20:39:32.753",
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"body": "* フォース -- \"the force\" \n * と -- the case particle \"with~~\" \n * [共]{とも}に (noun 共 + particle に) -- adverbially, \"together\". ≂「[一緒]{いっしょ}に」. 「共に」 sounds more literary/stiff and less colloquial than 「一緒に」. \n * あれ -- the imperative form (命令形) of the verb ある, meaning \"to exist; to be\".\n\nSo フォースと共にあれ literally means:\n\n> \"(imperative) Be/Exist together with the force.\" \n> i.e. \"May you be with the force\". \n> (\"May the force be with you\" would literally be more like 「フォース **が**\n> （あなたと）共にあれ・あらんことを」.)\n\n(More colloquially it's like 「フォースと一緒にいろ・いなさい・いてください」)",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-29T07:59:25.643",
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55510
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a conversation between me and my language\npartner:\n\n> 私の Skype ID を書いておきますので、もし良かったら登録しておいてください。italki と Skype\n> のどちらでメッセージを送ってもいいです。今すぐ使わなくても、将来役に立つときが来るかもしれません。\n\nSo, about て-form おく, I know three usages:\n\n 1. Accomplishing a preparatory task for the future, like in: \n旅行のまえに、切符を買っておきます。\n\n 2. In preparation of future use, one accomplishes a preparatory action: \nはさみを使ったら、元のところに戻しておいてください。\n\n 3. You leave the state of something as it is: \n明日会議がありますから、いすはこのままにしておいてください。\n\nI'm not really sure if one of these applies for the おきます construction in\ncontext of the sentence in question. However, here is my attempt at\ntranslation:\n\n> \"Because I have to write my Skype ID, if you don't mind, please make a\n> registration (Shall I register on Skype here or shall I \"register\" her\n> ID???). We can send messages both on Skype and italki. Even not using it\n> right now, the future point in time where it is of use will probably come.\"\n\nWhat makes me so unsure about my understanding of the おきます constructions is\nthat I can't really say how her \"preparation\" of writing me her Skype ID is in\na relationship with my \"preparation\" of registering on Skype/registering her\nSkype ID? I can see the purpose of registering someones Skype ID with whom I\nwant to talk via Skype. However, I have problems with the \"preparation\"\nsemantics here...^^",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-28T21:32:05.070",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "How to understand おきます in this sentence?",
"view_count": 732
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it's much more reading comprehension. She says \"I will write down my\nskype ID because I think it might be in need in the future even if you don't\nuse it right now\". This is kind of her preparation task since she thinks it\nmight be useful for you in the future. And she says if you think it might be\nuseful in the future, so feel free to register it.\n\nI think you don't have to do grammatical analysis so much though, probably\nyour No.1 & 2 applies in this case.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-29T02:06:42.340",
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"body": "It seems that you talk with your teacher on italki or email, and he/she have\nsent you that message. Anyway, I will tell you what it means breifly. \n \n\n私の Skype ID を書いておきますので、もし良かったら登録しておいてください。 \nI will write my Skype ID here(itaki/email), so please add me to your friend on\nSkype if it's OK with you. \n \n\nOf course you shouldn't register with his/her ID. He/She mentions \"if you\ndon't have Skype ID, why don't you create a new account to talk on it?\" So,\nyou don't need to register on Skype. \n \nAs of the ~ておく, one of its meanings is preparation in advance for something.\nAn example sentence is following: \n \n\nメモを残しておく / I left little notes to myself.\n\nOther parts of your translation is fine.",
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"body": "[Is there any difference between 流石 and\n予想した通りでした?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/34051/is-there-any-\ndifference-\nbetween-%E6%B5%81%E7%9F%B3-and-%E4%BA%88%E6%83%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E9%80%9A%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F/34054#34054)\n\nIn the two replies to this, one implies it could be used sarcastically, while\nthe other reply says it would be out of place if not meant to praise the\nobject. I've seen many english speakers actively use さすが in a sarcastic manner\nto mock a great failure of somebody, but I believe it is improper usage.\n\nI've never seen it used in japanese in that manner, and all the research I've\ndone also say the same thing as the bottom reply in that thread.\n\nEx: someone known to do weird things does something socially unacceptable, and\nthey want to mock him by saying \"さすがname\".\n\nthe point is they want to mock the person, not that their expectations were\ncorrect.\n\nIs this correct or incorrect, and what could they say instead if they wanted\nto lightly mock the person? Assuming they are friends with a habit of saying\ndeprecating things to each other.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-28T22:58:09.253",
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"owner_user_id": "20290",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "is sarcastic usage of さすが allowed",
"view_count": 788
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"body": "It works as an sarcasm, but only to a person who did another mistake after\nmaking similar ones many times. Saying 流石 in such a context implies something\nlike \"I know he is a person who does such a thing, and he never fell short of\nmy expectation this time again!\"\n\nFor example, imagine a person who is terribly bad at reading maps. When he\ncalled you saying he would be late again because he was lost, you might say\n\"さすが!\" sarcastically.\n\n**EDIT** : That said, I'm not sure why you have \"seen many english speakers\nactively use さすが in a sarcastic manner.\" Sarcastic さすが exists as I explained,\nbut that's not something that occurs very often. I won't say whether or not\nit's proper without seeing the actual example, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-28T23:48:41.717",
"id": "55502",
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"body": "> I've seen many english speakers actively use さすが in a sarcastic manner to\n> mock a great failure of somebody, but I believe it is improper usage.\n\nYes, it is improper.\n\nSince the questioner seriously asked if さすが will be used in a sarcastic or\nmocking way that I haven't understand, I thought about it seriously by using\nsituational examples.\n\nExample 1: \nAssuming the situation where Yamada who is a friend of ours made a failure\nwritten below, I'll try to verify whether the use of \"さすが\" is appropriate or\nnot.\n\n> 俺が、「無理だ」というのに、「どうしても」って山田が言うので、「それなら好きにしたら」って言ってやったよ。「結果は、見事に失敗。当然だよね。」 \n> _Though I said \"Impossible!\" Yamada told me that \"I'll do it absolutely\",\n> so I said \"Take your liking\"_. \" _Yamada failed in his attempt exactly as I\n> thought. I regarded this result as a matter of course._ \"\n\nThen I said:\n\nＡ：（皮肉を込めて _With sarcastic nuance_ ）「流石に山田だ。」 \nＢ：（皮肉を込めて）「予想した通りでした。言わんこっちゃない。馬鹿丸出しだね。 _The result ended up with exactly what\nI thought. I cann't say anything. He's a fool, isn't he?_ 」\n\nAt this time, I will consider if the above expressions can be used as natural\nJapanese.\n\nA is unnatural in this context and it is impossible to give an ironical,\nmocking or sarcastic sense to this phrase. \nB is natural, but \"予想した通りでした\" merely states that the fact is as expected, and\nthere is not much irony or mockery in the words.\n\nExample 2: \nI have a friend close to the example of naruto's answer. He has no sense of\ndirection. When meeting at a karaoke bar in a downtown area, he usually comes\nlate or calls up that he cannot get to the bar though he thinks he is in the\nvicinity of it. \nObviously we are sarcastically talking about his lack of a sense of direction\nwhile waiting at the karaoke bar for his arrival. \nEven though, I do not know how to use \"さすが\" meaningfully with the sense of\nsarcastically mocking his behavior at such a time. \nConversely, I think that saying or using \"さすが\" with a sarcastic or mocking\nsense is not so natural in Japanese language.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-29T13:37:12.280",
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"body": "I need some help with understanding the meaning of the のが part in the last\nsentence (shown in **bold** ), which [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/22/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-wa-%E3%81%AF-and-ga-%E3%81%8C) has told me means that the sentence is\na cleft sentence and [this\none](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19204/i-dont-understand-\nwhat-%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82-means-in-this-sentence) told me how to mostly parse\nthe cleft sentence, but not what のが _means_.\n\nContext:\n\n> 鼻先を彼女のナイフが かすめ飛ぶ。\n>\n> The tip of my nose flies as it skims over her knife. OR \n> The tip of my nose leaps as it grazes her knife.\n>\n> あと少し避{よ}ける **のが** 遅{おく}れていたら……\n\nAccording to the second link, which has great examples that I am using here to\ntry and understand my own sentence:\n\n\"The non-focused element introduces a variable , and the focused element tells\nus the value of ... The most basic type of cleft looks like ＡのはＢだ in Japanese,\nwhere Ａ introduces a variable , and Ｂ tells us the value of that variable.\"\n\nWhen applied to my own sentence, I understand this to mean the following:\n\n> In [あと少し避{よ}ける **のが** 遅{おく}れていたら……]\n>\n> ﹅\n>\n> A) **あと少し避{よ}ける** のが遅{おく}れていたら……\n>\n\n>>\n\n```\n\n>> non-focused element: (x) あと少し避{よ}ける\n\n>> focused element: 遅{おく}れていたら = (x)\n\n>> (translated non-focused element is shown in bold at the bottom of this\npost)\n\n>> \n```\n\nFrom what I can tell, the focused element is a verb that can be translated to\nvariants of either 'late' or 'delayed' in the provided context while\nindicating continuing action or state (i.e. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing).\n\n 1. Does the のが in my sentence mean that the sentence is a cleft sentence?\n\n 2. Is my understanding of cleft-sentences sufficient to have correctly translated and parsed あと少し避{よ}けるのが遅{おく}れていたら…… into the following possible translations?\n\n> > > ' **After a short distance** [ I ] was almost late in **avoiding** [her\n> knife]......' OR ' **After a little while** [ I ] could barely **fend off**\n> [her knife]......'",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-28T22:59:16.877",
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"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "How to translate this cleft-sentence: あと少し避けるのが遅れていたら……?",
"view_count": 396
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{
"body": "I think \"あと少し避(よ)けるのが遅(おく)れていたら……\" is a hypothetical situation rather than the\nresult \"I was barely able to dodge it\". So, I think it's hard to make so-\ncalled cleft sentence(It should be 強調構文 \"It is ... that ~ \"in Japanese 英文法).\n\nYou might use \"were to ~\" for emphasizing the hypothetical condition to\ntranslate; \"If I were to dodge it a little bit later...\".\n\nI think it's easier to make cleft sentence with \"鼻先を彼女のナイフが かすめ飛ぶ。\" like \" It\nwas her knife that skimming over tip of my nose\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T05:43:59.197",
"id": "55506",
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"body": "> (A) あと少｛すこ｝し避｛よ｝ける **のが** 遅｛おく｝れていたら...\n\nIn this context, the above phrase implies like:\n\n> (B) あと少｛すこ｝し避｛よ｝けるのが遅｛おく｝れていたらそのナイフが私｛わたし｝の顔｛かお｝に刺｛さ｝さっていただろう。\n\n\"のが\" could be replaced with \"ことが\" or \"動作が\" in the given pharase without\nchanging the meaning.\n\n> 1. Does the のが in my sentence mean that the sentence is a cleft sentence?\n>\n\nNo. The の in のが is a normalizer as is written in Naruto's comment, which makes\nthe verb with 避ける a noun, so it could be replaced with こと or 動作 _action (of\navoiding)_ here.\n\n> 2. Is my understanding of cleft-sentences sufficient to have correctly\n> translated and parsed ...\n>\n\nSince the sentence is not a cleft one, the answer is No. \nMy attempt for (B) is: \n_A knife might have stuck in my face if I had been a little late for avoiding\nit_.\n\nOn the theme that が could be sometimes replaced with こと as a normalizer, there\nare usuful explanations\n[here](https://www.alc.co.jp/jpn/article/faq/03/9.html) and\n[here](http://nihongodaybyday.blogspot.jp/2010/03/blog-post_13.html), I'm\nsorry to say, but they are written only in Japanese.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-29T06:39:39.737",
"id": "55508",
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"body": "As pointed out by @naruto, the の is a nominalizer. It turns the verb 避ける into\na noun phrase, so that it can be the subject of the clause.\n\n> あと少し避けるのが遅れていたら...\n\nTo break it down:\n\nあと少し -- \"a little more\" \n避けるの -- subject \"(the/my) dodging\" \nが -- subject marker \n遅れ(ていたら) -- verb \"be delayed; be late\" \n～ていたら -- indicates a hypothetical condition, \"If... had done/been...\"\n\nあと少し is an adverbial phrase modifying the verb phrase 遅れ(る), \"be delayed a\nlittle more\". So the sentence literally means:\n\n\"If (my) dodging had been delayed a little more...\" i.e. \"If I had dodged a\nlittle slower...\"\n\nAs you can see, the line is a conditional subordinate clause, rather than a\nfull sentence. The latter half of the sentence (i.e. the main clause, or the\napodosis) is left unsaid as implied: \"... I would have gotten hurt.\" or\nsomething along those lines.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-29T06:55:21.133",
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"body": "I can't find any kanji or meaning for sugari or sugaru that matches that makes\nsense for the meaning of 通りすがり.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-29T11:39:38.007",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the Kanji for すがり in 通りすがり?",
"view_count": 198
}
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[
{
"body": "The kanji that matches sugaru is 縋る, but it is unfamiliar in Japan. They often\nwrite 通りすがり in hiragana.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-29T11:51:56.457",
"id": "55513",
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"body": "It is 「縋{すが}る」 in kanji, but you would want to know that this kanji is\n**_not_** taught in Japanese schools, so almost everyone would write it in\nkana. I myself did not even know it until today.\n\n「縋 **り** 」 is the continuative form of 「縋 **る** 」 that is used as a noun\n(instead of a verb). 「縋る」 means **_\"to rely on\", \"to cling to\", \"to hold on\nto\"_** , etc.\n\nThus, 「通りすがり」 would literally mean \" ** _relying on a person in passing_** \"\nusually for obtaining some kind of information.",
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"body": "Roughly, my textbook taught me two major usages of -ため:\n\nFirst, in context of a final clause, it is the colloquial equivalent to -ように\nand marks that the verbal expression connected to ために is the \"goal\" one tries\nto achieve through the verbal expression followed by the -ために phrase. Example:\n\n> 他日泳げるために、毎日練習しています。\n\nThe second one is ため in context of causal clauses. For example:\n\n> 大雪が降ったために、空港が使えなくなりました。\n\nEspecially in this case, except for paying attention to context and the\ngeneral sense of the sentence, are there any other \"hard\" criteria by which I\ncan distinguish ため being used in a causal function and ため being used in a\nfinal function? For example, when ため was used in a final function, I think the\npreceding verb was always in present tense. In the case above, the preceding\nverb is clearly set into past tense.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-29T16:05:21.587",
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"id": "55517",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The different usages of -ため",
"view_count": 790
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{
"body": "Your consideration is very interesting, but there are exceptions like this: \n \n大雪が降ってきたため、空港が使えなくなりそうだ。 \nSince it came on to snow hard, it seems that we won't be able to use the\nairport. \n \nIn this case, なりそうだ is not past tense but future one. Then, how do we\ndistinguish these two usage? I can't think of any ideas about distinction.\nMaybe there are no definite criteria.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-29T17:08:29.753",
"id": "55518",
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},
{
"body": "(Fist of all, what is 他日? And 泳げるために only translates into \"because you can\nswim\", not \"in order to be able to swim\", which is 泳げるようになるために.)\n\nThe combination with perfect aspect, adjectives or potential verbs only\nrepresents causal relationship (\"because ...\"). That's one.\n\n * 美しいため: because it's beautiful\n * 美しくあるため: in order to maintain their beauty (note; it's not impossible to interpret this as \"because they remain beautiful\")\n * 飲んだために運転できないことも: you may be unable to drive because of drinking\n\nAs you say, when it represents a goal, the preceding verb must be irrealis\nform / imperfective aspect (what you call present tense) regardless of tense.\n\n * 運転するため、飲まなかった: I didn't drink in order to drive (note; it's not impossible to interpret this as \"because I was scheduled to drive\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T23:16:32.670",
"id": "55523",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-29T23:16:32.670",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "55517",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55517
|
55523
|
55523
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Oftentimes I see phrases such as this in songs and such:\n\n僕は迷い込んだ夢の中\n\nI always interpreted these as the first part all modifying the noun, i.e.\n\"Inside the dream I was lost in,\" here. However, when I asked a question on\nthis particular song, a user translated this with the subject as separate from\nthe modifier, i.e.\"I'm within an astray dream.\" This came as a shock to be,\nsince I've always thought of lines like this the first way.\n\nAre both interpretations correct, or is one of us wrong?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T18:59:15.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55519",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T05:02:13.320",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-30T02:23:45.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "19870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"nouns",
"は-and-が",
"modification"
],
"title": "For phrases modifying nouns, is the subject considered part of the modifier or separate?",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's unnatural to put the 僕は into the could-be modifying clause, i.e \"Inside\nthe dream I was lost in\" (In that case, it's usually 僕が) unless the dream\nworld is shared with several people and you were lost there unlike others.\n\nSo, it's more natural to interpret it as 僕は 夢の中 迷い込んだ (\"I wandered into a\ndream\" or \"I'm lost (in a maze) in a dream\") with the word order inverted or,\nas someone said, 僕は（自分が）迷い込んだ夢 の中, though this is an unnaturally recursive\nexpression unless there's a particular reason to use.\n\nThat said, only the author can know how to interpret the lyrics.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T22:16:56.150",
"id": "55520",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-29T22:19:16.687",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-29T22:19:16.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "55519",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Your parsing is not quite right. Literally, 僕 **は** 迷い込んだ夢の中 means \"I am in a\ndream I strayed into.\" Note that it's basically a full, regular sentence\nexcept that the last verb だ is omitted. I can say this because, as a general\nrule, は is a \"topic\" marker and thus rarely appears in a relative clause. This\nis a [basic rule of relative\nclauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010):\n\n> But before we can relativize them, let's replace the topic particle は with\n> the case particle が. Why? Because relative clauses in Japanese don't contain\n> topics, so you need to use the version with が to turn them into relative\n> clauses.\n\nIn other words, this sentence is 僕は夢の中だ (\"I am in a dream\") with a short\nrelative clause 迷い込んだ.\n\nThe subject of 迷い込んだ is 僕, which is the same as the main verb, so it's\nnaturally omitted in this case. You can explicitly specify the subject of the\nrelative clause with **が** like: 僕は僕が迷い込んだ夢の中だ or 僕は彼女が迷い込んだ夢の中だ (\"I am in a\ndream she strayed into.\")\n\nBy contrast, 僕 **が** 迷い込んだ夢の中 means \"middle of the dream I strayed into\" (a\nnoun phrase without a main predicate; sentence fragment).\n\nRelated:\n\n * [How can we determine the subject of 「彼{かれ}が来{こ}ないことを知{し}りませんでした。」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30698/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T02:20:10.147",
"id": "55530",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T05:02:13.320",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-30T05:02:13.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55519",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55519
| null |
55520
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was translating this song ([full lyrics\nhere](https://www5.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/37091.html)) and I had trouble with\nthe third line in this phrase (the rest are there for context)\n\n> ああやってこうやって \n> どうしようもないと思った \n> 結局は何だって \n> 才能が肝心なんだ\n\nI was confused since 結局は何だって seemed to go by itself, but I don't really\nunderstand how it could. I was thinking it was just, \"In the end, anything\"\nwhich would go with the \"I thought there's no other way;\" that is, the speaker\ndidn't know what to do, so they just did anything. I thought perhaps it could\ngo with the next line, i.e. \"In the end, having any talent is crucial,\" though\nI thought that was even less supported by the lyrics. I feel like I'm reaching\nwith either interpretation, though.\n\nHow is 結局は何だって translated in this context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T22:33:16.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55521",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-25T21:45:34.513",
"last_edit_date": "2021-08-25T21:45:34.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "19870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What does 何だって mean in this case?",
"view_count": 657
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 結局{けっきょく}は何{なん}だって\n>\n> 才能{さいのう}が肝心{かんじん}なんだ\n\nFirst of all, these two lines constitute one sentence, not the first line by\nitself.\n\n「だって」 here means 「でも」 or 「であっても」.\n\nThus, 「何だって」 means \"whatever it is\", \"in/for anything\", etc.\n\n> \"After all, whatever it is, talent is essential/important/crucial\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T23:42:38.910",
"id": "55525",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-29T23:42:38.910",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55521
| null |
55525
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55526",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having trouble understanding the meaning of のに向かって in the following\nsentence:\n\n> 現れたのは、いつになく暗い表情をした１年生メンバーの真姫{まき}でした。笑顔の穂乃果{ほのか}が早く列に入るように目線でうながす **のに向かって**\n> 、大きく首を横に振ると、大げさな溜息をひとつつきます。\n\nI know that に向かって normally means something like \"towards\", but I can't figure\nout what that would mean with a verb.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T23:09:21.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55522",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-29T23:55:17.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18035",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of verbのに向かって",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "「～～に向かって 」, in this context, means \" ** _in response to ~~_** \".\n\nThe 「の」, of course, is a nominalizer. turning the verb phrase 「目線でうながす」 into a\nnoun.\n\n> \"in response to Honoka urging me with her eyes to get in the line quickly\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T23:55:17.723",
"id": "55526",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-29T23:55:17.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55522",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55522
|
55526
|
55526
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55554",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The context is that the character was in the middle of a long winded speech\nabout something, then noticed their friends weren't paying attention, and got\na super annoyed looked on their face, like\n[this](http://tn.smilevideo.jp/smile?i=30363571.L), before making the sound.\nAnyone know? Because Google and my usual sources turned up extremely little",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-29T23:26:19.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55524",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T05:23:18.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"sound-symbolism"
],
"title": "What does something like 'ウオエエエエエ' express?",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[
{
"body": "Translating @Chocolate 's comment, I believe she's saying **it expresses the\nsound of one vomiting**.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T05:23:18.853",
"id": "55554",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T05:23:18.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "55524",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55524
|
55554
|
55554
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55529",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 今日のところは引き分けって事にしておいてやるっ！\n\nI saw this sentence in the dialect of a videogame between character A and B. \nB says this line after being defeated by A. \nI think B is saying that they should pretend this (defeat) is a \"tie\" (Because\nhe seems to be arrogant) but I'm not sure how the おいて part shows some kind of\npreparation for the future. Would it be ok to omit おいて form the sentence? or\nwill change the meaning completely.\n\nHis entire speech was:\n\n> 「ハァ…ハァ…こんなに熱くなったのは久しぶりだぜ… 今日のところは引き分けって事にしておいてやるっ！\n> 今度オレとやる時まで、誰にもやられるんじゃねぇーぞ！じゃー、あばよっ！」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T01:38:28.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55528",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T05:05:22.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"future",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "Using にしておいてやる to say \"Let's pretend\"?",
"view_count": 389
}
|
[
{
"body": "～ておく has [several meanings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5216/5010),\nand in this case it means \"to leave (status)\" or \"to do (something) **for now\n/ for the time being** \". 窓を開けておく can mean both \"to leave the window open\" and\n\"to open the window beforehand.\"\n\nSo saying ておく here implies he is going to win eventually in the future.\nDropping おく and saying 引き分けってことにしてやる will not largely change the meaning in\nthis particular case, because he's already said 今日のところは (\"for today\", \"for\nnow\"), which also implies the situation will be different in the future.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T02:06:20.280",
"id": "55529",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T05:05:22.660",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-30T05:05:22.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55528",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Yes, Bob didn't want to admit he was almost defeated by Alice. If they kept on\na battle, she would win against him. So, he said that phrase as a meaning of\n\"I'll let you off today.\" to avoid defeat. \n \nAlso, we can omit おいて in this sentence and it is almost the same as original\none, that is \"今日のところは引き分けって事にしてやるっ！\" also means \"I'll let you off today\". \n \nPersonally, I think it seems that Bob can still afford to win the battle to\nsome extent if we omit \"おいて\" in such sentences. \n \nこの辺にしておいてやるよ。/ I'll let you off. (Bob was almost defeated?) \nこの辺にしてやるよ。/ I'll let you off. (Bob could afford to win and expects Alice to\nbecome stronger?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T02:34:37.760",
"id": "55531",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T02:34:37.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27111",
"parent_id": "55528",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
55528
|
55529
|
55529
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "the different between \"使命\" and \" 任務\" .i looked up dictionary and they are the\nsame meaning \"mission\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T03:12:11.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55532",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T02:53:35.243",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-30T03:15:31.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "27056",
"owner_user_id": "27056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "the different between \"使命\" and \" 任務\"",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both \"使命 and \"任務\" mean an mission. The difference between them is the degree\nof difference. \n \n\"使命\" is the mission nobody else but one can do, and one should become aware of\nits importance. On the other hand, \"任務\" is indeed not \"task\" but \"mission\".\nHowever, the importance of \"任務\" is less than that of \"使命\". Here are example\nsentences: \n \n私の使命はこのチームを優勝に導くことだ。/ My mission is leading this team to victory. \n私は上司が出した任務を終えた。/ I have accomplished the mission my boss ordered.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T04:33:44.403",
"id": "55533",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T04:33:44.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27111",
"parent_id": "55532",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "任務 refers to a relatively short-lived, concrete mission or order, like\n\"protect the fortress\" or \"assassin someone\". There is always a boss who gave\nit, and you typically need a few days or months to accomplish it.\n\n使命 usually refers to a long-lived (or lifelong), general mission or vision of\na person/organization. There doesn't have to be a boss, and it may be\nsomething given from God (\"calling\"). For example, \"contribute to the human\nsociety using artificial intelligence\", \"propagate a religion alone in a\ndistant country\". So basically 使命 is a bigger word than 任務; a 使命 gives a\nmeaning to your life.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T02:13:24.870",
"id": "55548",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T02:53:35.243",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-31T02:53:35.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55532",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55532
| null |
55533
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I keep searching around for what it means, since I want to use the name as one\nof my characters. But the closest I've ever gotten to a translation was Mina\nAshido's name being a pun on meaning Acid. And even then I feel like I'm\nmissing alternate, more viable meanings depending on the spelling and their\nenglish meanings. Help?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T04:49:01.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55534",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-14T22:00:25.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27138",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"names"
],
"title": "What does the name \"Ashido\" mean?",
"view_count": 2076
}
|
[
{
"body": "How about **吾獅童** for \"Ashido\"?\n\nIf you allow a long vowel sound of \"o\" like \"oh\" or \"ō\", \"ashido\" could be\nwritten as 吾獅童, which means \"I'm a child of a lion\", where 吾 means I, 獅 means\na lion and 童 means a child or a little boy.\n\nBy the way [Nakamura **Shidō**\nII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamura_Shid%C5%8D_II) (二代目 中村 **獅童**\nNidaime Nakamura Shidō), is a famous Japanese kabuki and film actor.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T06:25:08.970",
"id": "55535",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T06:25:08.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "55534",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "I'm not even sure if you know about kanji, but there are more than one way to\nwrite the surname \"Ashido\" with Japanese characters. Ashido is not a common\nsurname, and therefore it's not possible to give the \"meaning\" unless we know\nthe kanji version of it.\n\nHere are two possibilities with the meaning of each kanji.\n\n * 足土 Ashido: 足 = foot, 土 = soil\n * 芦戸 Adhido: 芦 = reed (plant), 戸 = door\n\nThat said, generally speaking, the meaning of a surname is usually not worth\nthinking about. It's something we unconditionally inherit from out parents,\nand almost no one can explain when and how their surname was coined.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T01:55:46.083",
"id": "55547",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T01:55:46.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55534",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55534
| null |
55547
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that historical present tense is basically a tense that uses\n\n> \"present tense to describe past events/actions more vividly and lively...\" -\n> Chocolate\n\nDoing my own research into possible examples of historical present tense has\nonly left me more confused as to what it is, how to use it, how to\n_**recognize**_ it, the rules governing its use, etc.\n\n 1. How can I tell if a sentence (or part of a sentence) in Japanese is written using the historical present tense?\n\n 2. How can I tell if a sentence is **NOT** written in historical present tense?\n\n 3. In historical present tense written in Japanese, are the past events written with past tense while the rest of the sentence is written in present tense?\n\n 4. Should I attempt to translate the historical tense and put everything into present tense when translating from Japanese to another language?\n\n4.a. What tense do I use for the actual events when I don't know what said\nevents tense type is? (うなずいて in the below example)\n\n> 曖昧{あいまい}に **うなずいて** から, あと二人, 部屋の中に誰かいるのに気がついた.\n\nExamples claiming to use historical present tense: [\"気づく\"][1] <- here, [this\nstack question][2], and [this one][3] too, oh, and [here][4]\n\n(If I had enough points I would create and use a historical-tense tag for\nthis, but as I do not have enough right now, I am using the 'interpretation'\ntag for the mean time.) [1]: [Understanding a sentence\n〜声が誰のものか](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30435/understanding-a-\nsentence-%E5%A3%B0%E3%81%8C%E8%AA%B0%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B/30437#30437)\n[2]: [How does present tense work in Japanese\nnarration?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24848/how-does-\npresent-tense-work-in-japanese-narration) [3]: [Negative present endings\ntranslated as past\ntense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/53760/negative-present-\nendings-translated-as-past-tense/53769#53769) [4]: [How is \"と\" being used in\nthese two sentences:\n「ふりむくと、こどもたちが...」「トンネルをつくろうっと。」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28592/how-\nis-%E3%81%A8-being-used-in-these-two-sentences/28601#28601)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T07:28:16.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55536",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-05T16:56:06.587",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-05T16:56:06.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "45176",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"history",
"tense",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "I am confused as to what historical present tense is, when it is used, etc",
"view_count": 1459
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. Context. See the example below.\n 2. Context.\n 3. Historical present happens on per-sentence basis (i.e., it's about the tense of the main verb usually at the end of each sentence). When you see mixed tense within one sentence, that's probably related to [relative tense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/25378/5010).\n 4. Historical present happens in English novels, but it's probably more common in Japanese novels. If you feel there are too much historical present in Japanese text you're trying to translate, you may want to translate some of the sentences into English using past tense.\n\n* * *\n\nHistorical present is something shown below (pink). See how this author\nswitched tense very frequently at the end of each sentence. Also note that the\nverbs in subordinate clauses (green) are not related to historical present;\nthey have nothing to do with \"vividness\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7VMDc.png)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T01:33:39.043",
"id": "55546",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T01:33:39.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55536",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
55536
| null |
55546
|
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