question
dict | answers
list | id
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stringlengths 2
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stringlengths 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55538",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 彼女は今になって到着し、廊下から **ひょっこりと** 顔を出す。\n\nThis と looks like it comes from the word behind, so ひょっこり but when looking at\na dictionary I found that ひょっこり is not an adjective which can take と. Why is と\nplaced after this adverb, then?\n\nFor instance, it is specified that ゆっくり is an adverb which can take the と\nparticle, however, there is no mention of that regarding ひょっこり.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T10:04:30.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55537",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T14:38:03.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adverbs"
],
"title": "A bit confused with と in ひょっこりと",
"view_count": 312
}
|
[
{
"body": "ひょっこり definitely belongs to the \"adverb taking the 'to' particle\" category,\nwhich is described in the following questions:\n\n * [What role does と play in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36764/5010)\n * [What is the purpose of adding と?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24943/5010)\n * [What does adding と after an adverb do?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42163/5010)\n * [How is と used here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55234/5010)\n\nI don't know why jisho doesn't mention it can (optionally) take と. It may be\nsimply because this word is relatively uncommon.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T14:38:03.793",
"id": "55538",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T14:38:03.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55537",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55537
|
55538
|
55538
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have trouble understanding this form, for example why do people use \"じゃなくて\"?\n\nCan you please give me examples?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T14:40:01.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55539",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-01T17:56:11.087",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-30T15:17:36.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "27139",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"て-form"
],
"title": "The -kute (くて) form",
"view_count": 9073
}
|
[
{
"body": "じゃなくて is how you use じゃない when connecting two sentences. Just like the て form\nof the verbs. So for example, if you want to say that you're not chinese and\nyou can't speak chinese, then you could phrase it like 中国人じゃなくて、中国語ができません You\ncould also add も at the end to express \"even though\". So 中国人じゃなくても、中国語ができます\nmeans \"even though I'm not chinese, I can speak chinese\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T17:56:11.087",
"id": "55595",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-01T17:56:11.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27157",
"parent_id": "55539",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55539
| null |
55595
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55541",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to read a children's book and had some trouble with one sentence.\nAs I understand the story so far, it's about a depressed snail. But I don't\nquite understand what's going on here.\n\n> でんでんむしは おともだち **の** でんでんむし **の** ところに やってきました。\n\nI feel like this should say something like \"the snail went to live with his\nfriend\" but the order of \"friend\" and \"snail\" in おともだちのでんでんむし is backwards if\nthat is the case. (It's also possible that I'm way off. This is a children's\nbook so it has no kanji, and I've already mixed up homonyms once.)\n\nWhat am I missing here with の? Is my translation even close?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T15:41:33.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55540",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-15T00:15:07.847",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-15T00:15:07.847",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25116",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Confusing use of の",
"view_count": 762
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「でんでんむしは おともだち **の** でんでんむし **の** ところに やってきました。」\n\nThe first の is **appositive** and the second の is **possessive**.\n\n「おともだち **の** でんでんむし」 means \"(his) snail friend\" = \"his friend who is also a\nsnail\".\n\nIn meaning, 「おともだち **の** でんでんむし」＝「でんでんむし **の** おともだち」. Why so? Because the 「の」\nis **appositive**. The おともだち is a でんでんむし.\n\nIn an **appositive** 「AのB」, A = B and B = A.\n\n_**\" The snail came to his/her snail friend's place/home.\"**_\n\nIf there were no context at all, 「おともだち **の** でんでんむし」 can also mean \"(my)\nfriend's (pet) snail\" and 「でんでんむし **の** おともだち」 can mean \"a snail's friend\". In\nthese cases, the 「の」 will be **possessive**.\n\nIn a **possessive** 「AのB」, A and B _never_ refer to the same object.\n\nJapanese is a most contextual language, the exact same phrase can mean\ncompletely different things depending on the context it appears in. Therefore,\nwe keep asking questioners to provide more context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T16:00:09.400",
"id": "55541",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-15T00:14:43.827",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-15T00:14:43.827",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55540",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
55540
|
55541
|
55541
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55543",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need help to understand some grammar in this sentence\n\n```\n\n 何度ゃったって\n 結果は同じだ\n それが世界の真理なんだ\n \n```\n\nSo I translated it for \"no matter how many times I will try, the result will\nbe the same. that's the truth of this world\"\n\nBut there are two things that I don't understand here:\n\n 1. ゃったって? where it came from? te iru form of やる (to do)? Because I know there is どうゃったって - what do you saying\n\n 2. なんだ? is that to explain ton or something?\n\nThanks, Or",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T17:00:44.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55542",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T21:10:33.103",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-30T21:10:33.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"no-da"
],
"title": "Help with ゃったって and なん",
"view_count": 175
}
|
[
{
"body": "Why is your translation spot-on if you do not understand two parts of the\noriginal?\n\nThis 「って」 is the colloquial form of 「とて」, which means \"even if\".\n\n<https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A6>\n\n「なんだ」 is the colloquial form of 「なのだ」, which is a sentence-ender expressing a\nfirm kind of declaration/affirmation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T17:16:31.483",
"id": "55543",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-30T17:16:31.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55542",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55542
|
55543
|
55543
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55550",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 鮫島は携帯電話 {けいたいでんわ} を取りだして、『四凶 {しきょう}』を調べている様子だった。\n> 「……パッと調べてもわからねぇことだらけだが、関連してる四神とかいうのに名前ぐらい知ってるのがあるな。玄武 {げんぶ} やら朱雀\n> {すざく}やら。『四凶』ってのと関係あるのか？」\n>\n> 関連してる四神とかいうのに名前ぐらい知ってるのがあるな\n\nAs far as I understand, it should mean something along the lines of \"I at\nleast know names related to Four Symbols\", however I'm not sure, because 関連してる\nis positioned before 四神 and therefore should modify it. But in this case it\ndoesn't make much sense to me as I don't get to what exactly 四神 is related to.\n\nAnd if my interpretation is correct, shouldn't it be like?\n\n> 四神 {ししん}とかいうのに関連してる名前ぐらい知ってるのがあるな。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T18:22:20.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55544",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T05:49:26.770",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-31T05:49:26.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "27144",
"owner_user_id": "27144",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Which part of the sentence does 関連してる modify?",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"四神\" is, as you know, Four Symbols in China, but your translation is a bit\nwrong. Indeed we can't figure out what they are related to from that sentence.\nMaybe some words are omitted before \"関連してる\" like: \n \n(この事件に)関連してる四神とかいうのに名前ぐらい知ってるのがあるな。 \nI've heard about the names of \"四神\" related to (this incident). \n \nAlso, the sentence \"四神とかいうのに関連してる名前ぐらい知ってるのがあるな。\" is something ambiguous.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T03:51:08.173",
"id": "55550",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T03:51:08.173",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27111",
"parent_id": "55544",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55544
|
55550
|
55550
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Any difference between the 3 for conditional? Shinai-to can also be just nai-\nto for verbs like taberu.\n\nIs the difference that the last 2 only can be used at the start of the\nsentence whhile shinai-to can only be used at the end (unless Sou is added to\nbecome \"Sou Shina-to\")?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-30T21:23:36.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55545",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-25T02:05:05.453",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-31T09:04:54.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "22417",
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"sentence"
],
"title": "～しないとｖｓでないとvsさもないと",
"view_count": 1071
}
|
[
{
"body": "さもないと has a very restricted and loaded usage, and not technically a\nconditional. It's only used in situations such as \"Otherwise / On failure,\n[here come some bad consequences]\".\n\nしないと and でないと are respectively...:\n\n * しないと = `する` (\"do\") + negative + `と` (\"if/once...\") \"if (something) doesn't do\"\n * でないと = `だ／である` (copula) + negative + `と` (\"if/once...\") \"if (something) is not\"\n\nBut as you said, some phrases starting from a copula are allowed to be used in\nthe beginning of a sentence as conjunctions, as if the entire previous context\nconnects to them: だが, だけど, だから, でも etc.\n\nAs such, でないと (and its colloquial form じゃないと) can stand at the beginning of a\nsentence to mean \"if it is not the case\" or \"otherwise\", but しないと just means\nwhat it would.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T11:12:32.677",
"id": "55613",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T11:12:32.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "55545",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55545
| null |
55613
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 佐々：「それなら、もう一つお前に聞くが、お前の願いを聞いてやったら、お前たちはすぐに殺される。父の顔を見ることはできないが、それでもいいか。」\n>\n> いち：「それで、結構でございます。」\n>\n> いちは、冷たく静かに答えたが、何か心に浮かんだらしく、すぐその後に\n>\n> いち：「『お上』のなさることに間違いはございませんでしょうから。」\n>\n> 佐々は突然冷たい水を浴びせられた **時のように** 、驚いた顔をした。\n\nThis sentence sparks my curiosity that why the author inserted \"時\" before\n\"よう\".\n\nCould the author simply put it as\n\n> 佐々は突然冷たい水を浴びせられた **ように** 、驚いた顔をした。\n\nIf not, what is the difference between the two sentence?\n\n(I forgot to put 顔をした in the first edition, sorry.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T03:48:25.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55549",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T10:14:44.183",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adverbs"
],
"title": "\"時のように\" versus \"ように\"",
"view_count": 224
}
|
[
{
"body": "Very interesting question! Both sentences mean \"Sasa was surprised as if she\ngot splashed suddenly.\" and there are little differences. However, the former\none is sometimes interpreted in following two meanings: \n \n[1] Sasa was surprised as if she got splashed suddenly.(Same as to the latter) \n[2] Sasa was surprised like a time when she got splashed suddenly.(actualy\nhappened in the past)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T04:10:37.783",
"id": "55551",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T04:10:37.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27111",
"parent_id": "55549",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I personally don’t find semantic difference in your example though,\n\n> 佐々は突然冷たい水を浴びせられた時のように、驚いた。\n\nProbably this author might have an experience of soaking cold water or\nactually observed Sasa was being soaked with cold water.\n\nSasa was surprised like when you were showered cold water suddenly.\n\n> 佐々は突然冷たい水を浴びせられたかのように、驚いた。\n\nThis sentence implies the author haven’t never seen Sasa was being soaked with\ncold water though, the author describes that “Sasa was surprised as if being\nsoaked by cold water.”\n\n高校生の(時の)ように野球をする。\n\nI play base ball when I was a high school student.(with 時の)\n\nI play base ball as if I were a high school student.( without 時の)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T04:44:26.887",
"id": "55552",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T04:44:26.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55549",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> (A) 佐々は突然冷たい水を浴びせられた **時のように** 、驚いた。 \n> (B) 佐々は突然冷たい水を浴びせられた **ように** 、驚いた。\n\n(A) means (C).\n\n> (C) 佐々は過去に突然冷たい水を浴びせられて驚いた（ことがある）。今回佐々はそのように/その時のようにおどろいた。 \n> _(There was a fact that) Sasa was surprised when she suddenly got splashed\n> with cold water in the past. Sasa was surprised like that this time._\n\nMy attempt for (B) is as follows.\n\n> Sasa was surprised as if she suddenly got splashed with cold water.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T05:54:47.330",
"id": "55556",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T05:54:47.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "55549",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55549
| null |
55551
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55555",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is from the headline of a news article in NHK News Easy.\n\n> 日本の人口が減る 赤ちゃんが今まで「で」いちばん少ない\n\nCan someone explain this one to me? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T05:03:23.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55553",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T15:48:01.153",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25884",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "I don't understand the usage of で in this sentance",
"view_count": 199
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 日本の人口が減る 赤ちゃんが今まで「で」いちばん少ない\n\n\"で\" in the above sentence is difined by jisho.org\n[here](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A7) as:\n\n> **で** \n> Particle \n> 2. indicates time of action\n\nMy attempt for the given sentence is as follows. \n_The population of Japan decreases. The number of babies is the smallest up to\nnow._\n\n* * *\n\n# EDIT\n\nI posted the closest one in jisho.org\n[here](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A7) as an answer, but since I got a\ndown vote, I'll correct it.\n\nI looked で up in various dictionaries, but I couldn't find an explanation that\nis perfect, but I think that the next one is better.\n\n> で is a particle that indicates time range for establishing a certain fact.\n\nThe fact is \"the number of babies (born over a certain period of time) is the\nsmallest\" in the given sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T05:25:17.013",
"id": "55555",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T15:37:47.037",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "55553",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "で has many roles, but in this case it's a condition/situation/scope marker. It\ndenotes the condition in which the modified word is applied. It's translated\nto various English prepositions, including \"in\", \"among\" and \"under\".\n\n * 合計で100円 100 yen _in_ total\n * 割引で買う to buy _at_ a discounted price\n * ～という仮定で話す to talk _under_ assumption that ～\n\n今まで少ない (without で) would mean \"(something) has been low/scarce up until now\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T15:07:31.457",
"id": "55564",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T15:48:01.153",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-31T15:48:01.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55553",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55553
|
55555
|
55564
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55560",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a quote from Tae Kim's Guide\n\n> 下に入って、富士山が **見えなく** なった\n\nCan someone explain what this form of 見える is? It almost seems like they are\ntrying to make a negative verb into an adverb but is that possible? \nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T08:18:38.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55557",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-31T10:09:39.003",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-31T10:09:39.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25884",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"renyōkei",
"ichidan-verbs"
],
"title": "I don't understand what this verb conjugation is: 見えなくなった",
"view_count": 377
}
|
[
{
"body": "> It almost seems like they are trying to make a negative verb into an adverb\n> but is that possible?\n\nCertainly, it's possible. ない conjugates just like an i-adjective. You will see\nthis happen all the time.\n\nI'm not sure it's right to call it an adverb in this case but since it has the\nsame form let's abuse the word. As you know, when you want to describe how\nsomething changes you take an adjective in the adverb form and add なる, e.g.\n\n> あつい。 It is hot. \n> あつくなる。 It will become hot.\n\nIf you're happy with the above then your example sentence should now be easy\nto understand:\n\n> 見える。 It is visible. \n> 見えない。It is not visible. \n> 見えなくなった。 It became not visible. = It disappeared.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-31T09:25:41.263",
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"body": "I know it's for accessories that don't fall under head,torso and legs portion\nof the body. Shouldn't underwear (パンツ) be used with はく？\n\nI saw it in a J-drama where a girl says パンツがつけてない to make the guy get a\nnosebleed.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T08:18:50.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55558",
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"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Using つける for wearing undies? (Clothes question)",
"view_count": 143
}
|
[
{
"body": "The normal verb for パンツ is はく. パンツをつける is highly unnatural, but\nパンツを[身につける](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E8%BA%AB%E3%81%AB%E7%9D%80%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B&ref=sa)\nis acceptable (although wordy). I think you have misheard something.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T02:18:46.783",
"id": "55576",
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"score": 4
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"body": "For full context:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011273631000/k10011273631000.html>\n\nThe sentence in question:\n水族館は、オウサマペンギンが外で散歩をすることができるのは気温が低くなる冬だけなので、いい運動になると言っています。\n\nMy attempt at translation: Literal: \"Concerning the aquarium, concerning that\nthe penguins can take a walk outside, they say that it becomes a good physical\nexercise,because there is the alone temperature-lowering-winter.\" More\nelegant: \"The aquarium says that it becomes a good physical exercise that the\npenguins can talk a walk outside because winter alone is bringing temperature\ndown.\"\n\nSo, First, as the title suggests, I don't really know when two topics are\nallowed in a japanese sentence. I also don't really know how to handle them,\nhow they relate to each other, wether one topic can be subordinated to the\nother etc.. I think I understood the sentence contentwise, but I've little\nidea how the grammar actually works.\n\nFurthermore, probably because there are multiple topics used to build the\nsentence, there is kind of a lack of transitivity...^^ What confused me the\nmost was 気温が低くなる冬だけなので. I think the ghist of this part is that winter brings\ndown temperatures, which is a good thing for the physical well-being of the\npenguins. However, 冬 doesn't take direct influence on 気温, but instead it is an\nattribute of 冬 that expresses \"becomes lowering temperature\". The problem with\nhereby is that 低くなる itself is also a bit confusing since 低く is a noun and not\nan adjective. I can follow this logic in some cases, but in this case its a\nbit hard because it is not something along the lines of \"The swine becomes a\nsteak\" (sorry for the bad humor^^) but more along the lines of \"The sun\nbecomes dark\". This difficulty I have stems from the entry on\n<http://jisho.org/search/%E4%BD%8E%E3%81%8F> where 低く is categorized as a noun\nor suru verb, however the two meanings are no nouns Oo Therefore, my\ntranslation doesn't reflect a \"NOUN becomes a NOUN\" structure but a \"NOUN\nbecomes ADJECTIVE\" structure. Because of that, I feel like I didn't really\nunderstand whats going on in this sentence Oo\n\nI also don't know if I understood the use of だけ correctly. I think that here\nit is used to express that only through winter such a drop in temperatures can\nbe achieved, at least for a \"walk outside\" (One could also put the penguins\ninto a cooling chamber for example).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-31T14:02:36.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Are these two topics in the same sentence?",
"view_count": 291
}
|
[
{
"body": "Using two topics is fine when one is in a quote. A simpler example is\n私は彼は来ないと思う (\"I think he won't come\").\n\nAnd you seem to have failed to notice a [cleft\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19204/5010) embedded as a\nclause. From this sentence:\n\n> 気温が低くなる冬だけ、オウサマペンギンは外で散歩をすることができる。 \n> Only in winter, when temperatures drop, king penguins can take a walk\n> outside.\n\n...we can get this cleft sentence:\n\n> オウサマペンギンが外で散歩をすることができる **のは** 気温が低くなる冬だけだ。 \n> It is only in winter, when temperatures drop, that king penguins can take a\n> walk outside.\n\nOnce you've understood this, the rest should be straightforward to you:\n\n> 水族館は「オウサマペンギンが外で散歩をすることができるのは気温が低くなる冬だけなので、いい運動になる」と言っています。 \n> The aquarium says that it will give king penguins a good workout because it\n> is only in winter, when temperatures drop, that they can take a walk\n> outside.\n\n気温が低くなる (literally \"when temperatures become low\") is a small relative clause\nthat just says 冬 is a cold season. This may seem too obvious, but it\nexplicitly states that what matters for penguins is temperature.",
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55562
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KMSRS.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RXP4I.png)\n\n_Context:_\n\nI read an article **[here](https://terumojapan.xsrv.jp/WorldBlog/?p=7424)**\nand stumbled over an interesting kanji compound, i.e.: **便乗主義者** - or\n**オポチュニスト** (according to **[this](http://www.ei-\nnavi.jp/dictionary/content/opportunist/)** )\n\n> Meaning: しばしば倫理に反する手段で、可能性のある利益の状況で目前の利益を取るさま.\n\nIn Bahasa Indonesia, we have this term as ' **Aji mumpung** '.\n\n> **Aji mumpung** : conditioning or 'using'/exploiting a situation or\n> circumstance rendered for self-interest while holding an office/holding a\n> position of power.\n>\n> **[Source](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/aji%20mumpung) - in Bahasa\n> Indonesia**\n\nAccording to Google, an **opportunist** is:\n\n> a person who exploits circumstances to gain immediate advantage rather than\n> being guided by consistent principles or plans, which brings my question,\n> **self-opportunist** -> a person who exploits circumstances to gain\n> immediate advantage for self-interest.\n\nI researched it for a bit: According to\n**[Oxford](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/opportunist)** , an\n**opportunist** is:\n\nA person who takes advantage of opportunities as and when they arise,\nregardless of planning or principle.\n\nSo, my question is:\n\n> 1. Is this true, that **`オポチュニスト、便乗主義者`** carry negative nuance as in the\n> 'Aji mumpung' or 'being opportunist'?\n>\n> 2. What is/are the difference(s) between: オポチュニスト、便乗主義者、日和見主義者、御都合主義者 and\n> 利己主義者?\n>\n>\n\nAccording to **[this](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/8407528.html)** , the\ndifference is: ''**\n\n>\n> 保守的な事なかれ主義を日和見主義と言う。左翼的なものの回避、革新的、急進的なことを避けようとする態度をかつての全共闘世代は日和見主義と言った。そういう意味では、利己主義と同義。が、革新的変革によって、自己に利があると考えた場合、左翼思想こそが利己主義ということになる。\n\n** Could someone confirm whether this is true? (please elaborate, if possible\na different usage example that denotes the differences). It seems that it's\nused much more in politics, but can we say that in our daily live? (such as>\n日和見主義の政治家)\n\n> 3.Is there any `'daily word/daily set phrase(s) in Japanese'` comparable or\n> at least means the same as **being opportunist** as in ' **Aji mumpung** '\n> that has a **colloquial sense** ( _`ragam cakapan`_ )?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T15:13:17.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55565",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"set-phrases",
"phrase-requests",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Which is the most correct Kanji Compound equivalent to 'aji mumpung' or 'being opportunist'? (オポチュニスト、便乗主義者、日和見主義者、御都合主義者 and 利己主義者)",
"view_count": 161
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[
{
"body": "> 1. Is this true, that オポチュニスト、便乗主義者 carry negative nuance as in the 'Aji\n> mumpung' or 'being opportunist'?\n>\n\n便乗主義者 clearly sounds negative and derogatory. (I know nothing about Bahasa\nIndonesia.) オポチュニスト is a fairly rare loanword, but I see no reason why it's\ndifferent from English \"opportunist\".\n\n> 2. What is/are the difference(s) between: オポチュニスト、便乗主義者、日和見主義者、御都合主義者 and\n> 利己主義者?\n>\n\nI think 日和見主義者 is the primary word that corresponds to English \"opportunist\".\nIt should be on every dictionary. I'm not sure if 便乗主義者 is an established\nword, although the meaning is straightforward. Using オポチュニスト is not\nrecommended unless you're talking to someone who is good at English.\n\n御都合主義者 is almost the same as 日和見主義, but the former feels a little more\ncolloquial to me. In storytelling, 御都合主義 has another slangy meaning described\n[here](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%81%94%E9%83%BD%E5%90%88%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9).\n利己主義 is a clearly different word meaning \"egoism\".\n\n**EDIT** : Perhaps\n[尻尾を振る](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B0%BB%E5%B0%BE%E3%82%92%E6%8C%AF%E3%82%8B-521711)\nis a more colloquial/slangy expression that can convey a similar idea.\n[長いものには巻かれろ](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%95%B7%E3%81%84%E7%89%A9%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF%E5%B7%BB%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8D)\nhas a similar meaning but it kind of recommends opportunism.",
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55566
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"body": "What does an apostrophe (') mean in English translations of Japanese words?\nFor example, an online grammar site says, \"When you contract te oku to\nt'oku….\"\n\nAlthough just a beginning-level student, I have come across this numerous\ntimes, both online and in English-language books. I do not know how to\ndetermine what kana have been replaced by the apostrophe. Or, perhaps it\nrepresents a brief pause in pronunciation, like that made with doubled\nconsonant sounds?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T17:01:43.713",
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"id": "55567",
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"last_editor_user_id": "27152",
"owner_user_id": "27152",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Meaning of Apostrophe in Words Translated to English",
"view_count": 2652
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[
{
"body": "Googling with the word \"transcription,\" I was able to compile the following\nanswer:\n\nThe apostrophe is used before the romaji letters a, i, u, e, o, y when they\nfollow n/ん in order to distinguish, for example, kani from kan'i. The\napostrophe makes it clear that ren'yōkei means …んよ… and not …にょ… as in\nrenyōkei.\n\nThe Japanese government’s guidelines for romanization suggest inserting\napostrophes in these situations:\n\n> はねる音を表わす「 **n** 」と次にくる母音字または「 **y** 」とを切り離す必要がある場合には、「 **n** 」の次に「 **’**\n> 」を入れる。\n\nThe apostrophe is also part of the romanization system used by the U.S.\nLibrary of Congress, a system based on the revised Hepburn system (first laid\nout in Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, 3rd ed.):\n\n> Transcribe the apostrophe ( ' ) between syllables when the first syllable\n> ends with the letter n and the following syllable begins with the letter a,\n> i, u, e, o, or y and when it is necessary to separate romanization.\n\nExamples:\n\n> toshokan'in/図書館員 \n> Nagai Ken'ichi/長井憲一 \n> Shin'etsu/信越 \n> hon'yaku/翻訳 \n> Man'yō/万葉 \n> shin'ainaru/親愛なる \n> san'okuen/三億円 \n> shin'uchi/真打 \n>\n\nFrom Wikipedia:\n\n> In the revised Hepburn system the apostrophe is used to mark “the separation\n> of easily confused phonemes (usually, syllabic n/ん from a following naked\n> vowel or semivowel). For example, the name じゅんいちろう, is written with the kana\n> characters ju-n-i-chi-ro-u, and romanized as Jun'ichirō in Revised Hepburn.\n> Without the apostrophe, it would not be possible to distinguish this correct\n> reading from the incorrect ju-ni-chi-ro-u. This system is widely used in\n> Japan and among foreign students and academics.”",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T20:43:57.237",
"id": "55570",
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"body": "The case where the apostrophe is used to avoid ambiguity is already mentioned\nin the comments of the question and NattoYum's own answer, but this is not the\ncase in \"t'oku\".\n\nAs noted by psosuna and others, it means contraction, and the change from \"te\noku\" to \"t'oku\" is [音便](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF). I\ndon't think that is standard in transliterated Japanese however, and I have\nseen many grammar sites that introduce this grammar without using the\napostrophe.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-30T23:11:27.490",
"id": "56324",
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"body": "The typical use of an apostrophe in Romanized Japanese is to show that the\noriginal Japanese is N (ん) and not one of the na-ni-nu-ne-no (なにぬねの) series of\nletters. Sometimes these can be confused when Romanizing the original\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-30T23:54:54.010",
"id": "56325",
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"body": "The original, historical purpose of the apostrophe is to show that something\nis left out:\n\n> * le homme → l'homme (an obligatory contraction in French)\n> * I am → I'm (an optional contraction in English)\n>\n\nIn other words, it marks a contraction.\n\nIt's used that way in most modern Latin orthographies and is not specific to\nEnglish. It is not commonly used that way in Latin transcriptions\n(\"romanization\") of Japanese, but if an author is specifically discussing\ncontractions in a linguistic context it should be clear what it means:\n\n> * _-te oku_ → _-t'oku_ (an optional contraction in Japanese)\n>\n\nThe /e/ sound is elided and the apostrophe (in this case) indicates that\ncontraction. The transcription _-te oku_ represents the same sounds as ておく,\nand _-t'oku_ represents the same sounds as とく. The only difference is that the\nLatin transcriptions use a dash to show an affix boundary and an apostrophe to\nmark elision.\n\nNo kana has been replaced with an apostrophe, as you write; the kana て\nrepresents a sequence of two phonemes, only one of which has been elided.\n\nAlthough contractions are not marked in most transcriptions of Japanese, this\nconvention has been used by linguists such as Samuel Martin, and it should be\nreadily understandable in the proper context - if someone writes \"contract te\noku to t'oku\", the only sound that could have possibly been left out is /e/.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-02-01T04:47:19.360",
"id": "56340",
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"body": "The full sentence is:\n\n> 会社が業績不振で給料が30％カットされるなんて、そんなばかなことがあるものか.\n\nDoes it mean \"such a stupid thing\" or \"not a stupid thing at all\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T17:43:43.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55568",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-01T03:13:43.697",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-01T03:13:43.697",
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"owner_user_id": "18134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"rhetorical-questions"
],
"title": "（ものか）そんなばかなことがあるものか — such a stupid thing or not stupid at all?",
"view_count": 246
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「会社{かいしゃ}が業績不振{ぎょうせきふしん}で給料{きゅうりょう}が30％カットされるなんて、 **そんなばかなこと** があるものか。」\n>\n> Does it mean \"such a stupid thing\" or \"not a stupid thing at all\"?\n\nThe former - \"such a stupid thing\".\n\n「あるものか」 means \" **there should never be** (such a stupid thing)\". In other\nwords, 「あるものか」 is a negative expression that is synonymous to\n「あるはずがない」、「あってはならない」, etc.\n\n> \"There should never be such a stupid thing as getting 30% of our salaries\n> cut down because of the poor business performance of our company.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-31T21:52:13.343",
"id": "55571",
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55568
|
55571
|
55571
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{
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"body": "Why do we need to use 2 nominalizers もの and こと in the following sentence?\n\n> 素数とは、1 より大きい自然数で、正の約数が 1 と自分自身のみである **もののこと** である。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-31T18:54:23.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55569",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-01T04:42:13.563",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Why do we need to use 2 nominalizers もの and こと in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 507
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「素数{そすう}とは、1 より大{おお}きい自然数{しぜんすう}で、正{せい}の約数{やくすう}が 1 と自分自身{じぶんじしん}のみである\n> **もの** の **こと** である。」\n\n**In this sentence, neither the 「もの」 nor 「こと」 is a nominalizer**.\n\nThe 「もの」 here just means \"the **_ones_** \" or \" ** _those_** \" and it refers\nto \"those/the ones among the natural numbers greater than 1 that have no\npositive divisors other than 1 and themselves.\" That, of course, is the\ndefinition of prime numbers.\n\nTo call a word a \"nominalizer\", it needs to be nominalizing a **_verb_**. 「もの」\nis not nominalizing a verb here.\n\n「～～のことである」 is a set phrase meaning \"it is said that ~~~\" or \"it is defined\nthat ~~\". Again, 「こと」 is not nominalizing a verb here.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-31T22:39:03.763",
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"body": "This 「もの」 is not a nominalizer. It is a noun in the full sense of the word,\nmeaning \"thing\" or the pronominal \"one\" (in this case I think the latter is\nmore applicable), which is here modified by the relative clause 「1\nより大きい自然数で、正の約数が 1 と自分自身のみである」.\n\nSo 「1 より大きい自然数で、正の約数が 1 と自分自身のみであるもの」 means:\n\n> one (i.e. a number) which is a natural number greater than 1 and have no\n> positive divisors other than one and themselves\n\nAs for the こと, it seems to be one indeed, according to\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/80340/meaning/m0u/).\n\nUnder the subhead 「2⃣他の語句をうけて、その語句の表す行為や事態を体言化する形式名詞。」（”a formal noun that\nnominalizes the action or state expressed by another word or phrase”）, there's\nthis subentry:\n\n> ㋕（「…のことだ」などの形で）ある言葉の指し示す対象である意を表す。「九郎判官とは源義経の事だ」\n\nThis says that the function of this particular use 「事/こと」, in formulations\nlike 「...のことだ」, is to state that a given word refers to some entity.\n\nAll in all, a translation of the whole sentence would be something like this:\n\n> 素数とは1 より大きい自然数で、正の約数が 1 と自分自身のみであるものであるもの **のことである** 。\n>\n> \"Prime number\" **refers to** one (i.e. a number) that is a natural number\n> greater than 1 and have no positive divisors other than 1 and themselves.\n>\n> (Compare: 素数とは...であるもの **である** 。→ A prime number **is** one (i.e. numbers)\n> that is...)",
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"body": "Aside from translation differences, I was never sure of what distinguishes\nthem from each other. Anyone else know?",
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"tags": [
"greetings"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 謹賀新年, 明けましておめでとうございます, and 新年おめでとうございます, as New Year's greetings?",
"view_count": 453
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[
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"body": "They are basically the same. [They are many set phrases to celebrate a happy\nnew year](https://allabout.co.jp/gm/gc/220632/), and your examples are only\nsome of the most popular ones. But all-kanji versions would look stiffer, and\nthey are meant to be written/printed on 年賀状. In speech, you can stick to\n明けましておめでとうございます everywhere.",
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"body": "# 日本語\n\nクリスマスプレゼントとして、『日本酒辞典』という本をもらいました。読んでいると、以下の文が出てきました：\n\n> (前略)ついつい頼んでしまったり、気になるけど注文しづらくて敬遠している、なんて人もいるでしょう。\n\n理解できていると思うのですが、[国語辞典](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/66037/meaning/m0u/)と[外国人のjdict](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%95%AC%E9%81%A0)で「敬遠」を調べてみたところ、どのセンスがあてはまるか分からないです。\n\n本文の定義としては、「難しいと思って、回避する」だと思います。\n\n私が勘違いしているのでしょうか。\n\n# English\n\nAs a Christmas present, I received \"日本酒辞典.\" While reading, I encountered the\nfollowing sentence:\n\n> ... ついつい頼んでしまったり、気になるけど注文しづらくて敬遠している、なんて人もいるでしょう。\n\nI think I understand the sentence but the use of 敬遠 does not seem to match up\nwell with either [goo](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/66037/meaning/m0u/) or\n[外国人のjdict](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%95%AC%E9%81%A0)'s definitions for\n「敬遠」.\n\nI think it means to avoid because you find it daunting.\n\nAm I misunderstanding the usage here?",
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"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "敬遠の使い方について (how to use the expression 敬遠)",
"view_count": 240
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{
"body": "> (A) 気になるけど注文しづらくて **敬遠している**\n>\n> (B) 本文の定義として、「 **難しくてと思って** 、回避する」と思います。\n\n(A)の中での「敬遠する」の解釈として(B)は合っていると思います。\n\n質問者が示した国語辞典及び外国人向けの辞典jisho.orgの各々３つの定義を文末に示しますが、「敬遠（する）」に対する各々の定義は一見異なっているように見えますが、その違いは適用される場面や対象による違いであって本質的には同じことを述べています。\n\nすなわち、\n\n> 「 **敬遠する** 」とは \n>\n> ある行為を実施した場合とその行為をしない場合の損得勘定をして（メリットとデメリットを天秤にかけ）、ある行為を実施しない方がメリットが大きいと推量/判断して実施しない方を選ぶ、あるいは行為を避ける、あるいは対象と接触することを避ける/遠ざける\n\nことだと思います。\n\n「損になる場合の理由（デメリット）」は、文脈やこれまでの経験から明記/明示されないことが一般ですが、与えられた例文では、「注文しづらい」と\n**損になる状況（デメリット）** を明記しております。\n\n「注文しづらい」にも色々な場合がありますが、例えば「インターネットでの注文方法やお金の支払い方法が難しい」のか、あるいは「注文時に色々な記入すべきことや提供すべき情報が多いので面倒である」のか、更に、「注文に際して、予め調べないと提供できない情報が含まれていたり、クッキーの使用を承諾しなければならないなどすぐには購入判断がしづらい」のかもしれません。いずれにせよ、「注文に際して難しいことが多い」と解釈すれば質問者の解釈は合っていると判断できます。\n\n国語辞典\n\n> 敬遠 \n> ［名］(スル) \n> １ 表面では敬う態度で、実際にはかかわりを持たないようにすること。「口うるさいので周囲から敬遠される」 \n> ２ かかわりを持つことを嫌ってその物事を避けること。「めんどうな仕事を敬遠する」 \n> ３ 野球で、投手が打者との勝負を避け、故意に四球を与えること。「強打者を敬遠する」\n\nJisho.org\n\n> 敬遠 \n> Noun, Suru verb \n> 1. pretending to respect someone while in fact staying distant; keeping at\n> arms length; giving a wide berth \n> 2. avoiding (something unpleasant); shying away from \n> 3. giving the batter an \"intentional walk\"Baseball term\n\n* * *\n\n# EDIT\n\n> 気になるけど注文しづらくて敬遠している\n\n最初の回答で「注文する方法が難しい」ような意味で「敬遠」を解釈しましたが、与えられた文が「日本酒」に関する本の中に登場する文だとすると全く違う解釈もできます。\n\n文章を書いた人が日本酒が大変好きである。しかし、「獺祭｛だっさい｝」のようなおいしいと評判が高いが高価なお酒の購入を迷っているのかもしれない。この人は、結婚しており、奥さんからは「あんたは、いつもお酒ばかり飲んで...」と小言を言われている。\nそうすると、質問者が提示した(A)で示した文は、「獺祭は買いたいが奥さんは怖いは」と言う意味で購入を躊躇している気持ちを表した文かもしれません。その場合は、「奥さんが怖くて購入を躊躇している」と言う意味の「敬遠」の場合もあります。その場合メリットは「美味しいお酒」、ディメリットは「高価な値段が少しと、奥さんの怖い顔が大半」で、ディメリットの方がメリットより大きいと推察されますので「敬遠している」のかもしれません。",
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"body": "「難しいと思って回避する」 is a good interpretation of the sentence, and reflects a common\nconnotation of the word 敬遠-する.\n\nActually, 日本国語大辞典 (a larger dictionary) has 「また，単に人や物事を避けること」 as a meaning.\nYou can simply understand it as \"to avoid\", but I _feel_ that it's usually\nused for avoiding something but understanding at the same time that it is\nvaluable (at least potentially) or that it is appreciated elsewhere.\n\nSearching google for\n[敬遠しがち](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E6%95%AC%E9%81%A0%E3%81%97%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A1%22&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8)\nmight give you some examples of similar usage.",
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"body": "In addition to cases where you do find someone/something unpleasant, you can\nuse \"敬遠\" to describe situations where you avoid someone/something for other,\nless negative reasons.\n\nOne such reason would be that you consider the person as being out your\nleague, that you are no match for them. Another would be that you find the\nthing alright, or even desirable, but the path you must take to get to it is\nnot.\n\nSo, in the case of JDICT, to define \"敬遠\" simply and singly as \"avoiding\n(something unpleasant)\" would be to define it too narrowly, though not\noutright wrongly.\n\nIn fairness to them, however, I must mention that they also give the less-\nspecifying second gloss \"shy away from\", presumably in order to counteract the\nover-specification of the first, or at least to properly widen the coverage.\nWe would be wrong to judge them based on (the bad) half of the evidence.\n\nAs for goo辞書's case, I think \"かかわりを持つことを嫌ってその物事を避けること。\" leaves no room for\nfault-finding.\n\nUnlike JDICT's \"avoiding (something unpleasant)\", this does not say the\navoided entity is found dislikable (I fear \"dislikable\" might be too strong a\nword for \"嫌って\" here), but it's the _having to do with it_ that it says is\nfound dislikable.\n\nAnd they would be right in this claim. \"敬遠\" does not entail that the avoider\nhas a distaste for the avoided, but it is, I think, necessarily true that they\nfind the experience that comes with having or being with or getting to it/them\ndisagreeable or at least uncomfortable. This is the case even in situations\nwhere the person/thing being kept a distance from is regarded positively in\nsome way. A couple of examples:\n\n * 男子たちは彼女を高嶺の花だと思って敬遠している。 \n\nThis sentence means the boys hold the girl in high estimation, but they don't\nfeel comfortable at the prospect of dating her, or possibly talking to her or\npossibly, even, literally getting near her, because they think she is too good\nfor them and they would feel like dirt next to her.\n\n * このカフェには興味があったけど駅から遠いので今まで敬遠していた。 \n\nThis means you've been interested in the cafe, but the travel there seemed\nlike too much of a hassle to you so you've never popped in, until now.\n\nThe last example reminds me that 敬遠 doesn't always involve active avoidance,\nsuggesting that translations like \"avoid\" (which I believe carries the\nconnotation of activeness) might not fit the word's meaning sometimes.\n\nLastly and most importantly, about your interpretation of the use of the word\nin the quote. I can't say I'm absolutely certain, but I do tend to agree the\ntext is commenting that there are probably some people who find sake (or some\nparticular sake?) so daunting that they avoid it. At the least it is not\nindicating by the use of \"敬遠\" that said people avoid (some particular) sake\nbecause they find it unpleasant.\n\nSo in conclusion, I will say that your interpretation of the word, as I hope\nI've somehow managed to show, is entirely acceptable, and is not (entirely) at\nodds with the dictionaries' accounts of its meaning and usage.",
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"body": "Here's how it was used (taken from a JLPT listening question):\n\nA: わたし、ジャンプジャンプのコンサートに行きたい。\n\nB: もうチケットないよ、きっと。ファンクラブに電話して聞いてみる?\n\nSo, is this not literally a fan club?\n\nIs this implying that you get tickets from a fan club? If they're fans, why\nwould they sell tickets? Their own tickets? How does concert ticket selling\nwork? (I am cultural-illiterate here I guess.)\n\nSorry if I'm overthinking it. よろしくおねがいします",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-01T05:44:55.997",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is ファンクラブ here?",
"view_count": 82
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"body": "I will try not to overgeneralize things here, but there are at least two types\nof 「ファンクラブ」 for Japanese musicians, athletes, etc.\n\n**Type 1: Official fan clubs (公設{こうせつ}/公式{こうしき}ファンクラブ)**\n\nThese are often run by the management companies responsible for promoting\ntheir \"celebs\". These usually charge you fees to join and to maintain your\nmembership on a yearly basis.\n\n**Type 2: Unofficial, \"privately-run\" fan clubs (私設{しせつ}ファンクラブ)**\n\nThese are mostly run by the fans for a more purely non-business basis.\n\nIt is the Type 1 fan clubs that manage event tickets. (Type 2 simply does not\npossess that kind of power.) Their members, naturally, are often given\npriority in getting the tickets.\n\nThis is why what B states makes perfect sense in Japanese culture. The\nofficial fan club has the most up-to-date information on the ticket sales.",
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"body": "I've looked around online and even asked a native speaker developer friend of\nmine, but I seem to get different answers everywhere I go.\n\nHere are the relevant words/phrases I've seen so far:\n\n 1. 繰り返し処理\n 2. 反復処理\n 3. ループ & ループ処理\n 4. イテレート\n\nMy impression is that the entirely katakana words are used exactly like they\nare in English, including ループ being used as both a noun and verb. I've also\nseen イテレータ, but this refers to a very specific and well defined thing, so I\ndon't think there's much ambiguity there.\n\n繰り返し処理 seems to be the most common word, generally referring to any kind of\nrepetitive processing, and is used as both a noun and する verb. 反復処理 seems to\nmean something similar, although I only see it used as a noun, and I get the\nimpression it's more of a 書き言葉。\n\nループ処理 seems to refer to processing something via loop, although I don't really\nsee a difference between it and ループ when used as する verbs.\n\nI'm hoping someone who has worked as a programmer or developer in Japanese can\nshed some light on the more nuanced differences between words, when one would\nuse one and not the other, etc. I am particularly interested in the\ndifferences between:\n\n * 繰り返し処理, ループ処理 and 反復処理 as nouns\n * 繰り返し処理する、ループ処理する、and イテレートする",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"terminology",
"computing"
],
"title": "Word choice for iteration and repetitive processing in computer science",
"view_count": 461
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{
"body": "The meaning of \"繰り返し処理\", \"反復処理\", and \"ループ(処理)\" are same and we often omit\n\"する\". As you indicated, \"ループ\" usually refers to a certain processing via\nfor/while loop, but programmers also use the words \"繰り返し処理\" and \"反復処理\" as\nloop. As of the \"イテレータ\", it is the interface with which we access the contents\nof list, vector, tuple, dictionary and so on. \n \n[1] 繰り返し処理(反復処理、ループ) \n\"繰り返し処理\" is usually accompanied by \"counters\" like: \nfor (int cnt=0; cnt < 10; cnt++) { hairetsu[cnt]; } \n \n[2] イテレータ \nWhen we use vector in C++ for example, it is often accompanied by\n\"イテレータ(iterator)\" like: \nfor (vector<int>::iterator itr = v.begin(); itr != v.end(); ++itr) { *itr; } \nThis is also a loop, and we say this scanning with iterator.",
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"body": "「ループ」と「繰り返し」と「反復」は全く同じ意味だと思います。「反復」は、ややアカデミックで固い印象があります。発音しやすいので会話では「ループ」が最も使われています。動詞として使う場合、\"to\nprocess an (entire) loop\" の意味で使うなら「ループ処理をする」「繰り返しを行う」「反復処理をする」など、\"to go to the\nnext loop\" の意味で使うなら「ループする」「繰り返す」「反復する」です。\n\n「イテレータ」「イテレーション」「イテレートする」も技術者であれば問題なく知っており、日常的に使う単語だと思います。ただしご存知の通り、多くのプログラミング言語で\n`Iterator` は特殊な意味を持っており、それと誤解されやすいので、一般的な（`for`-loop\nなどの）ループ処理の意味で使うのは避けるようにしています。例えば:\n\n> iterate over DOM nodes = DOMノードに対して{繰り返し/反復/逐次}処理を行う",
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"body": "> My sentence: 彼はこれを出来るなら僕は矢っ張り出来る\n>\n> Correction: 彼にそれが出来るなら、僕にもできる\n\nI can understand the rest of the changes, but why はー＞に ? All they said was\nthat it sounded more natural but they weren't sure why. Could someone explain\nthis to me? Thanks!",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-は",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "I don't understand why my は was changed to a に when a native corrected my sentence",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "tl;dr: 「は」 is a big no-no for the subject marker in if-clauses.\n\nA two-step explanation will be in order here.\n\nFirst, there is a big grammar rule that says \" **DO NOT use 「は」 as the subject\nmarker in an if-clause. Use 「が」 for that**.\"\n\nCorrect:「キミ **が** 行{い}くなら、ボク **も** 行く。」\n\nIncorrect:「キミ **は** 行くなら、ボク **も** 行く。」\n\nThis seems to be a very common mistake among Japanese-learners. SE is no\nexception at all.\n\nSecondly, 「できる」, which is used in your sentence, is a special verb that can\ntake 「に」 with the subject as in 「(person) + に + できる」. However, the が-over-は\nrule for the if-clauses still stands, which is why it is **incorrect** to say:\n\n> 「彼 **は** できるなら、ボク **は** やっぱりできる。」\n\nwhich is essentially what you wrote.\n\nThat is because the first part of that sentence is an if-clause as it uses\n「なら」. You just cannot use 「は」 there. Thus, it is only **_correct_** to say:\n\n> 「彼 **が** できるなら、ボク（に）もできる。」\n\nBut as I mentioned above, it is more natural to use 「に」 than 「は/が」 with 「できる」.\nThus, your teacher/friend corrected your sentence that used 「は」 to:\n\n「彼 **に** それ **が** 出来るなら、僕 **にも** できる。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T11:08:46.743",
"id": "55587",
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"parent_id": "55586",
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"score": 8
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] |
55586
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55587
|
55587
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: A class is telling scary stories to each other and one guy tells a\nstory about a lion. Everyone in the class is scared but the teacher says:\n\n> いやいやいや…確かにね、怖いっちゃ怖いんだけど \n> 自然に対する…それは恐怖じゃない？\n\nI've seen the **X** ことは **X** が pattern before that means something like \"It's\ntrue that X, but\". However, in the dialogue above, there's a similar pattern\nbut **X** こと is replaced with **X** って. Are these two patterns equivalent?\nSimilarly, while looking for an answer to this question, I've seen **X** に\n**X** が mentioned - is this the same thing as well?\n\nBonus question: In what sense is じゃない used here? It seems like it should be\nsimple negation but doesn't ending a question with じゃない mean a sort of\nconfirmation like ね?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T14:31:23.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55590",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-01T22:35:36.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "X は X が patterns",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "怖いっちゃ怖い is contraction from 怖いといえば怖い, which means \"could be scary if you dare\nto claim that it is\", in other words \"not scary unless you say so\".\n\nOn the other hand, 怖いことは怖い means that you have to admit that there's a part\nthat makes you scared, if not entirely. So, they are similar but still\ndifferent.\n\nそれは 恐怖じゃない{HLLLLH}？ means \"Isn't it fear (to nature)?\", in other words, the\nspeaker thinks so and is seeking agreement with his idea. (However you can't\nrephrase it using ね. In this context, それは恐怖だね↓ doesn't function as a tag\nquestion but self-contained affirmation, and それは恐怖だね？ is a creepy rhetoric\nthat implies you will never ever let the opponent say no.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T22:35:36.900",
"id": "55603",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-01T22:35:36.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
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] |
55590
| null |
55603
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55592",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On Lang-8 I wrote I a journal entry. I wrote\n\n> その後で、兄が買ったトランプをしました。三回をして、三回を勝ちました。\n\nThis got corrected to\n\n> その後で、兄が買ったトランプをしました。三回をして、三回 **とも** 勝ちました。\n\nWhat does とも mean here? And how do I use this particle. Does it put emphasis\nor does it express something else? I tried looking it up but I could not find\nmuch.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T14:49:29.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55591",
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"owner_user_id": "25653",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What does とも mean and how to use it",
"view_count": 1009
}
|
[
{
"body": "「とも」, in that context, means \" ** _all (of)_** \".\n\nSo, 「三回{さんかい}とも勝{か}ちました」 means \"I won all three times.\"\n\nThe format is:\n\n> 「Number + Counter Word + とも」\n\nYou can say 「5人{にん}とも」(\"all of the 5 people\")、「4匹{ひき}とも」(\"all of the 4 dogs,\ncats, etc.\"), etc.\n\nNothing to do with your question, but 「三回をして」 is incorrect. It is 「三回して」\nwithout the 「を」. \"did it three times\", \"played three times\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T14:57:37.913",
"id": "55592",
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"parent_id": "55591",
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"score": 7
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55591
|
55592
|
55592
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55601",
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"body": "For full context:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011273631000/k10011273631000.html>\n\nThe sentence in question:\n水族館の人は、「ペンギンはくちばしを空に向けて大きな声で鳴いたあと、頭を下げます。それが神社でお参りしているように見えます」と話していました。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"An employee of the aquarium said 'After the\npenguins had sung with a strong voice with their muzzle pointed towards the\nsky, they lowered their heads. This seems like they are worshipping at the\nshrine.'\"\n\nI couldn't come up with an interpretation making more sense than this one.\nHowever, especially since が instead of は is used in それが神社でお参りしているように見えます, I'm\nnot sure if my translation is legit. I'm not very good in distinguishing where\nは instead of が should be used or vice versa, but since が is oftentimes used\nwhen something is newly introduced into the universe of discourse, I was\nsurprised to see it in use here because what this それが points back to isn't new\nin this conversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T17:48:49.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55594",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-01T21:38:43.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Function of ように in this sentence",
"view_count": 126
}
|
[
{
"body": "As for translating ように見える, it's better to use \"looks like\" because the speaker\nis not wondering if it's a fact or not.\n\nAs for the rest, from a different angle, what if the sentence was\nペンギンは、…鳴いたあと頭を下げるのが 神社でお参りしているように見える?\n\nIt's a bit too long, isn't it? Why don't you split it? I mean,\nペンギンは…鳴いたあと頭を下げる。 **それ** が…お参りしてるように見える. See? That's the example sentence as\nit is.\n\nAs you see, what それ indicates is a new information, hence doesn't really need\nto be further topicalized under the primary topic ペンギン.\n\n(If you nevertheless do it, that's in general considered a bad composition\nbecause it could sound as if the topic is shifted from ペンギン to something else,\nwhich feels loose or distracted. That's why we are taught to avoid it for good\ncomposition. In other words, it's so natural for native speakers that you need\neducation to stop it. p.s In this regard, a sentence that has two primary\ntopics can't avoid it.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T21:28:20.337",
"id": "55601",
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"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
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] |
55594
|
55601
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55601
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55607",
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"body": "I often see こと used when listing rules:\n\n> 1. 冷蔵庫の物は勝手に食べない **こと** → Don’t eat my things from the fridge\n>\n> 2. トイレ掃除は毎日交代でする **こと** → Clean the bathroom every day by turns\n>\n>\n\nThe above examples come from a written list of rules a character in a drama\nmade for his roomate to follow, which is where my question comes in:\n\nIs [this こと](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8-koto/) really appropriate on such a casual\nscale? My impression was that this structure is only used when outlining\nformal written rules. Or are all written commands/rules (regardless of\nformality) presented in this format? Also, for clarification this, こと is never\nused in spoken language, right?\n\nBut then I came across an example of what _seems_ to be the same grammar (but\nused in spoken language?) from [this\nvideo](https://youtu.be/l-6bH2XGOUw?t=1m58s):\n\n> 「見ないこと、見ないこと」→ Don't look, don't look\n\nCan someone explain why こと is used in this instance? I have a hunch that the\nreason has something to with the fact that he's listing \"steps/rules\" in the\nvideo (but then again none of the other steps use こと, so maybe not), but I\nwould really appreciate an explanation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T18:44:20.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55596",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-01T06:09:00.927",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness",
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "こと (Must Do) Confusion",
"view_count": 312
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes this type of こと looks more or less formal and serious. It makes these\nsentence look like an \"official rule of the room/family.\" I don't think it's\noverly formal nor grandiose. Other options include \"食べないでください\" (sounds more\nlike a polite personal request) \"食べないで!\" (a casual request), and \"食べるな!\"\n(sounds like the poster was upset).\n\nUsing こと in speech is not very common, but it's okay when you want to\nseriously ban or enforce something. Parents and teachers sometimes use this\npattern. (I don't think the guy in your video is a good example, though. He is\njust reciting the rule to concentrate.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T04:16:57.807",
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"score": 6
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55596
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55607
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55607
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55606",
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"body": "The following sentence appears in my textbook.\n\n> 山下先生はいい先生です。教えるのが上手だし、しんせつだし。\n\nIs the second し at the end of the sentence necessary? Does it change the\nmeaning to omit this second し? Does the second し imply that there could also\nbe other reasons (which are not mentioned) why 山下先生 is a good teacher?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T19:14:53.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55597",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T03:57:09.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "し grammar question",
"view_count": 292
}
|
[
{
"body": "し has two different functions:\n\n 1. Lists things with slight emphasis. The second し must _not_ be added. \n\n> 彼は背が高いし足も速い。 He is tall and he can run fast.\n\n 2. Denotes a reason. \n\n> 遅くなったし、もう帰ろう。 It's already late, so let's go back. \n> だって怖かったし。 Well, coz I was scared.\n\nし often plays these two roles simultaneously.\n「お金がないし時間もないし、どこにも行きたくない。」「もう帰ろうよ。暗いし、寒いし。」 The second し in each sentence can\nbe replaced by ので, から, etc. 「お金がないし時間もないので、どこにも行きたくない。」\n\nAnyway, sentence-end し is usually for denoting a reason. In your case, the\nfinal し marks a reason why 山下先生 is a good teacher, referring to the previous\nsentence. Even if you dropped it, the sentence is still understandable, but\nit's not \"optional\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-02T03:57:09.440",
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"score": 12
}
] |
55597
|
55606
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55606
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a conversation with my language partner.\n\nFor some context:\n「有頂天家族」を観たのですね。私も観ましたよ。タヌキ鍋ですよね。タヌキを愛しているから食べるって、不思議な表現です。愛しているけれど、決して自分のものにはならないから、自分の中に取り込んでしまう意味なのだろうかと考えました。\nタヌキ鍋というのは、昔話にはでてきますが、現代の日本では食べないので、どんな味がするのか想像がつきません。\n\nThe sentence in question:\nタヌキ鍋というのは、昔話にはでてきますが、現代の日本では食べないので、どんな味がするのか想像がつきません。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Concerning Tanuki-Hot-Pot, no imagination comes of\nwhat it tastes like because one doesn't eat it in present japan, although it\nappears in old tales.\"\n\nBesides my question wether I interpreted 想像がつきません correctly or not, is there a\nreason why つきません is written without kanji? Or is it just a typo? Also, I just\nassumed that でてきます is a typo and is meant to be できます. Am I correct there?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T20:06:57.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55598",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-01T21:00:39.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Did I interprete 想像がつきません correctly here?",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your translation is correct. 想像がつく is a set phrase\n([Jisho](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%83%B3%E5%83%8F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8F))\nmeaning \"one can imagine\" (or substitute another subject for \"one\" as\nappropriate).\n\nI would translate as follows:\n\n> As for tanuki hot pot, while it's mentioned in folktales, it's not eaten in\n> modern Japan, so I can't even imagine what it tastes like.\n\nFinally, でてきます is 出て来ます written in hiragana. Generally speaking, it's more\ncommon to see words and phrases that _can_ be written in kanji written in kana\nthan Japanese learners might expect. 付く is one of those cases; it's probably\nmore often seen in kana than kanji. e.g., try typing 気をつける into your IME and\nsee what it suggests.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T21:00:39.960",
"id": "55599",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "55598",
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"score": 4
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55598
| null |
55599
|
{
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a conversation with my language partner.\n\nFor some context:\n\n> 階段から落ちたそうですが、大丈夫ですか。骨折はしていなくて、右足のじん帯を痛めたのですね。早く良くなるといいですね。\n\nThe sentence in question:\n\n> 早く良くなるといいですね。\n\nMy translation: \"When it recovers/you recover quickly, it is good.\"\n\nNow, this sentence isn't really much of a problem for me. I just would like to\nknow what nuance is expressed through the use of the と conditional particle.\nDoes it express something along the lines of \"hopefully\"? \"Hopefully it/you\nwill recover quickly.\"? Because I just recently was looking for an adverb or\nthe like to express \"hopefully\", and unfortunately I only found this\n<http://jisho.org/search/hopefully>. So maybe the pattern used by my language\npartner can be used to express this?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T21:01:56.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55600",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T02:06:22.760",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-02T00:00:42.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What meaning does 早く良くなるといいですね have?",
"view_count": 801
}
|
[
{
"body": "Naturally translated it would equate to \"I hope you(he/she/they) get better\nsoon.\" Literally it means something like \"if [subject] gets better soon, it\nwill be good.\" といい is often used like this to express \"I hope~\". There is no\nnuance of \"hopefully\" from と. といい is basically \"If... ~ ...good\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T02:06:22.760",
"id": "55605",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22363",
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55600
| null |
55605
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55604",
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"body": "I want to know what this commentator's expressions means:\n\nCONTEXT: a soccer commentator before a match.\n\n> ヘイ！きょうもげんきにドリッブッてるかい！ぜんごくちゅうがくせいサッカーたいかいはまもなくキックオフだ！\n>\n> Hey! Are you ready to dribble in this shining day? This Young Soccer League\n> match is about to start!\n\nHowever, problems start here:\n\n> オット じっきょうは ナゾのしゅっちょうアナ おがいが おくっちゃうヨーダ！ ... チカレタ。\n\n(Otto or オット as for \"watch out\"? there's no any Otto mentioned before)'s\ncondition due to trip's mystery (...) this アナ (announcer) is...\n\nおがい doesn't appear in any dictionary (is some abbreviation of おねがい?)\n\nおくっちゃう (ちゃう as for accident?), ヨーダ, and チカレタ also doesn't make any appereance.\nI searched for ちかる but seems that is not a verb. ヨーダ is not an inversed だよ?\n\nAny help is really appreciated!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-01T22:27:01.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55602",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T00:32:41.043",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26914",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"slang"
],
"title": "Slang expressions",
"view_count": 264
}
|
[
{
"body": "* オット -- \"oops!\"; probably indicating that he almost forgot say the following line\n * おがい -- apparently the name of the commentator himself; in apposition with \"ナゾのしゅっちょうアナ\" \n * おくっちゃう -- \"送る(to deliver)\" + \"ちゃう\"; I figure the \"ちゃう\" is randomly thrown in just for the heck of it (which is in character with his facetious way of speaking) since its canonical uses of expressing \"end up doing...\", \"regret\", etc. do not seem to fit in a reasonable way\n * ヨーダ -- probably not the inversion of だよ, because 送っちゃうだよ is ungrammatical (though I wouldn't put it past this clownishly-talking annoucner that he's doing it on purpose for comical effect); also probably not an alternative spelling of the \"ようだ\" meaning \"look like\"; most likely (what I'll call, for lack of better term in my knowledge,) the compound sentence-ending particle \"よーだ\", which usually adds a nuance of jocular mockery or triumph to a statement (somewhat like \"so there!\", \"ha!\", \"how do you like that!\", I think); and definitely not Yoda from Star Wars\n * チカレタ -- a childish-humorous way of saying \"疲れた (tired)\".\n\nMy brave attempt at translation:\n\n> Oopsie, I almost forgot! The live commentary will be delivered by yours\n> truly, the mysterious out-of-town announcer Ogai! Haaaaah! ...I'm tired.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T00:32:41.043",
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}
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55602
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55604
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55604
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55611",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> だからね、このプロレスの世界で一番大事なのって何だかわかります？ \n> ――なんですか？ \n>\n> フフフ。それは“タイミング”なんですよ。その場所、その時間にいなきゃ、なし得ないことをなし得えられない。それがタイミングじゃないですか。ジェリコはいままでプロレスラーとしての栄光。その“全部”をなし得てるんですよ。\n\nIn this interview that I'm reading there's a part where the interviewee is\ntrying to define the concept of \"timing\" in the context of two people doing a\nspecial sports performance (ala Mayweather vs McGregor) but I can't understand\nthe structure of the sentence\n\n> その場所、その時間にいなきゃ、なし得ないことをなし得えられない。それがタイミングじゃないですか。\n\nIs なし a negative prefix in here or is this some kind of idiom?, also, is\n得えられない correctly typed or should it be 得られない?\n\nThe translation I have for that sentence is:\n\n> It’s timing. Just the combination of absolute best time and absolute best\n> place to do something nobody would think possible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T04:25:02.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55608",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T05:57:37.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Meaning of なし得ないことをなし得えられない",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[
{
"body": "This なす before 得 is [為す or 成す](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%82%BA%E3%81%99) in\nkanji, and means \"to achieve/accomplish\". 為し得る is \"to be able to accomplish.\"\n無し is not relevant.\n\nなし得えられない is an obvious typo, but なし得られない still sounds weird to me (two\npotential forms in succession, \"can be able to ...(?)\"). Anyway it should mean\nthe same thing as なし得ない.\n\nThe sentence is saying:\n\n> 「その場所、その時間にいなきゃ、なし得ないこと」をなし得えられない。 \n> You cannot achieve [what cannot be achieved unless you are at that place,\n> at that time].\n\nOr more simply, \"(If your タイミング is bad,) You cannot achieve a thing that\nrequires the right time and place. (That's what タイミング means.)\"\n\nAs usual, please don't be deceived by the commas.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T05:15:47.180",
"id": "55611",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55608",
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"score": 2
}
] |
55608
|
55611
|
55611
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does it mean that the person is uncertain?osoraku is 'pehahaps' and kitto is\n'surely', they're contradictive in terms of assuredness but i see them used\ntogether a lot",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T04:32:30.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55609",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T08:11:59.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "おそらくきっと together?",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "きっと doesn't really mean \"surely\" because きっと stands for the speaker's strong\nconjecture under obscure situations. It's more like \"I believe\". And おそらく is\napproximately equivalent to \"probably\". In this sense, \"perhaps\" seems too low\nfor おそらく in terms of possibility.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T08:11:59.377",
"id": "55612",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T08:11:59.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "55609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
55609
| null |
55612
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55629",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The following is an excerpt from a conversation with my language partner. For\nsome context, I told her about our familydinner at a restaurant during\nchristmas eve. I wanted to tell her that you could have your meal freshly\ncooked right before your eyes there, but unfortunately I used some wrong\nvocabulary and she explained to me what I actually said :D However, I feel\nlike I don't fully understand what she has written me:\n「料理番組で作られた料理」というのは、テレビの料理番組で作っていた料理を再現したという意味でしょうか。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Concerning 'meals created in a cookery program',\ndoesn't this say that you have reproduced meals which they have made in TV\ncookery program?\"\n\nSince 再現 can also mean \"revive. reenact...\" I'm not sure if my interpretation\nis still legit. If it isn't then I probably also misunderstood the whole\nsentence, that's why I wanted to ask aboutit here :=)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T12:13:33.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55614",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-03T05:00:32.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of 再現 in this sentence",
"view_count": 214
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am not sure if I interpret it perfectly though, you went to the restaurant\nthat chefs recreate the same atmosphere which TV programme does in an amusing\nway (what I imagine is SMAP-SMAP cooking program, the most famous Japanese-\nidol group cooks) on christmas eve.\n\nHowever, it seems to me what she is saying\n\"「料理番組で作られた料理」というのは、テレビの料理番組で作っていた料理を再現したという意味でしょうか。\" seems a little bit\ndifferent. I think what she is saying is that you have made the same meal\nusing the same recipe which they introduced in a TV cookery program.\n\nI believe what I interpret is a normal interpretation of\n\"テレビの料理番組で作っていた料理を再現した\" though, I am not so sure about \"you have reproduced\nmeals which they have made in TV cookery program\" corresponding with it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T14:00:08.643",
"id": "55616",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T14:00:08.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55614",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Having read your comment, you wrote her that they served you dishes that were\nmade on a cooking show.\n\nShe is assuming that you did not mean that the food that you ate was prepared\nlive on a cooking show, so she is asking you this question.\n\n> 「料理番組で作られた料理」というのは、テレビの料理番組で作っていた料理を再現したという意味でしょうか。\n>\n> By \"dishes cooked on a cooking show\", do you mean that they were reproducing\n> a dish that was made on a cooking show?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T19:06:07.093",
"id": "55629",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-03T05:00:32.453",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-03T05:00:32.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"parent_id": "55614",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55614
|
55629
|
55629
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55634",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What are the differences in nuance between the following sentences?\n\nA:父は仕事が終わり次第、毎日まっすぐ帰宅します。\n\nB:父は仕事を終え次第、毎日まっすぐ帰宅します。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T13:50:32.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55615",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-03T02:24:29.060",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-02T14:00:38.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "仕事が終わる or 仕事を終える",
"view_count": 754
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are both common, and there is no practical difference. I think even a\nperson who can freely decide when to leave his office doesn't make a clear\ndistinction between them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T02:24:29.060",
"id": "55634",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55615",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55615
|
55634
|
55634
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55618",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can any one please tell me what かけられる means in the following sentence and if\nit has any corresponding Kanji?\n\n> 年明けの築地市場の初競りにかけられるのでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T15:00:04.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55617",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-03T03:49:29.100",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-03T03:49:29.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22126",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Meaning of かけられる in the following sentence or context and its corresponding Kanji",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「年明{としあ}けの築地市場{つきじしじょう}の初競{はつぜ}りにかけられるのでしょうか。」\n\n「かけられる」 here means \" ** _to be put_** (up for auction)\".\n\nYou might want to remember the set phrase 「競{せ}りに **かける** 」(\"to put up for\nauction\"). Its passive voice form is 「競りに **かけられる** 」.\n\n「かける」 for this meaning is most often written in **_kana_**. If you must use\nkanji for a good reason (though I have no idea what kind of reason that would\nbe), it would be 「掛ける」.\n\n> \"I wonder if it is going to be put up for the first auction of the year at\n> the Tsukiji Market.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T15:18:28.637",
"id": "55618",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T15:24:23.150",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-02T15:24:23.150",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55617",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55617
|
55618
|
55618
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55626",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue with my language partner. For some\ncontext, I told her that I went to the restaurant with my girlfriend and her\nfamily on christmas eve. She then replied the following:\n\n> クリスマスイブの食事の話をおもしろく読みました。日本では、クリスマスイブディナーというと、恋人同士で行くイメージですね。\n\nMy attempt at translation:\n\n> \"I enjoyed reading your story about the christmas-eve-meal. In Japan, there\n> is the impression that...\"\n\nSo, I think that 恋人同士で行く is an attribute to イメージ which itself is part of the\nsentences predicative via the copula です(ね). I think 恋人同士で行く means \"To go as a\ncouple (literal: To go being a couple). My main issue is that I have little to\nno idea how to connect that with クリスマスイブディナーというと. \nFrom my more recent questions, I've learned that という can put the two elements\non both sides into a \"A = B\" relationship. Then, whenever と isn't used as a\nquotative or conditional particle, and when it also doesn't connect two nouns\nlike \"ミラーさんと田中さんはもう帰りました。\", my last idea would be the functionality of\n\"AとBは違います。\" = \"A differs from B\". \nHowever, if the latter should be the case, then it really gives me a headache\nhow to integrate クリスマスイブディナーという and 恋人同士で行くイメージですね into each other, especially\nsince I also dont really know how to handle the direct succession of と to という.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T16:08:42.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55619",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-04T10:43:49.543",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-03T06:13:49.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to handle というと in this sentence?",
"view_count": 180
}
|
[
{
"body": "As Leebo mentioned in the comment section, it's the conditional use of the\nparticle と.\n\nSimply put, the pattern is \"If A, then B\", or A⟹B if you are more familiar\nwith logical expressions.\n\nHere's a short example:\n\n> 日本語{にほんご}で話{はな}すと人格{じんかく}が変{か}わる\n>\n> Whenever I speak Japanese, my personality changes.\n\nGoing back to your example \"~というと\" means \"speaking of ~\"\n\n> 日本では、クリスマスイブディナーというと、恋人同士で行くイメージですね。\n>\n> Speaking of Christmas dinner, Japanese have the image of couples going out\n> for dinner together.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T18:26:53.863",
"id": "55626",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-03T06:16:59.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"parent_id": "55619",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55619
|
55626
|
55626
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/62Wco.gif)\n\nI am trying to find the meaning and pronunciation of this kanji, but this\nkanji appears impossible to find.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T17:16:39.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55620",
"last_activity_date": "2023-05-15T14:11:16.217",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-02T18:59:34.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "27170",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Impossible to find following kanji",
"view_count": 356
}
|
[
{
"body": "学研 新漢和大辞典 lists this character as a variant of 灩. I reproduce parts of the\nentry here\n\n> # 灩\n>\n> ［異体］ 灔, [non-unicode character], 灎\n>\n> ［音］ エン（エム）（呉）（漢）\n>\n> ［意味］ ①《動》 **ただよう**\n> (ただよふ)。水がゆだかにたゆたう。②「灔澦堆【エンヨタイ】」とは、四川【シセン】省奉節県の西南、長江の瞿唐峡【クトウキョウ】の口にそそりたつ大岩石。付近は水流が急で、船の難所とされる。\n>\n> ［解字］会意兼形声。「水＋音符豔【エン】（＝艶。ゆたか）」。\n>\n> 【灩灩】エンエン（エムエム）①水がなみなみと満ちあふれるさま。②月光が水にただよって光るさま。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T18:51:06.623",
"id": "55628",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T18:51:06.623",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "55620",
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"score": 0
}
] |
55620
| null |
55628
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55630",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm currently in the middle of reading this one magazine feature, and I came\nacross this sentence --\n\n> \" [...] 多くの方にも認めてもらえるような。 **そのために、\"個\" としての自分をもっともっと磨いていきたいですね。** ”\n\nI know that \"個\" is kanji for a generic counter, but I've never encountered it\nbeing used on its own in a sentence before.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T17:27:01.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55622",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-03T06:18:24.403",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-03T06:18:24.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "27171",
"owner_user_id": "27171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "How was \"個\" used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this case 個 represents 'an individual', as in:\n\n> I want to be more individual.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T17:38:04.447",
"id": "55623",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T17:43:12.710",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-02T17:43:12.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "19278",
"parent_id": "55622",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "「個{こ}」, in this context, means \" ** _an individual (as an independent\nexistence)_** \" as opposed to a member/component of a group or society.\n\nThus, 「\"個\" としての自分{じぶん}をもっともっと磨{みが}いていきたい」 means:\n\n\"I wish to keep improving my skills as an individual\"\n\nor simply\n\n\"I wish to keep becoming a better person\"\n\nThis 「個」 is quite often used when talking about oneself (or another person) in\na philosophical manner. 「個人{こじん}」 would be a synonym even though 「個」 sounds\nmore philosophical.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T20:29:21.570",
"id": "55630",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T20:35:36.970",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-02T20:35:36.970",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55622",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55622
|
55630
|
55630
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55636",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reading in Basic Japanese Grammar Dictionary about the passive voice,\nand it says that you use ~られる form to conjugate verbs. (p33)\n\nSo [逃]{に}げる would be 逃げられる, ok.\n\nBut it is used other form, like in this example on the book:\n\n> 山田さんは奥さんに **逃げられた** \n> ( _Mr. Yamada's wife ran away from him_ )\n\n逃げる -> 逃げられた\n\nWhat form is correct?\n\nWhat are the differences if both are correct (逃げられる and 逃げられた)?\n\nWhat is this form called?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T17:51:45.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55624",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-03T14:08:44.533",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-02T19:01:02.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "23906",
"owner_user_id": "23906",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Passive form of 逃げる: 逃げられた vs. 逃げられる",
"view_count": 342
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both are correct. The potential form of 逃げる as you said is 逃げられる.\n\nThe sentence you found, however, is the past conjugation of the potential\nform.\n\n> 山田さんは奥さんに逃げられた\n>\n> Mr. Yamada's wife **ran** away from him.\n\nTo use the past potential form of a verb you first have to find the normal\npotential form, and then conjugate it as if it was the past form of a る verb.\n\nHere's another example on how to do it.\n\n> 飲む -> 飲まれる -> 飲まれた",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T18:43:54.403",
"id": "55627",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-03T08:46:07.973",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-03T08:46:07.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "10083",
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"parent_id": "55624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Pretty simply, 逃げられた is the past tense of 逃げられる (or past-passive form of 逃げる).\n\nFor godan/consonant-stem verbs:\n\n * 笑う plain/dictionary form \"to laugh\"\n * 笑われる passive form \"to be laughed at\"\n * 笑われた past-passive form \"was laughed at\"\n * 笑います polite/masu form \"to laugh\"\n * 笑われました polite past-passive form \"was laughed at\"\n\nFor ichidan/vowel-stem verbs:\n\n * 閉じる plain/dictionary form \"to close\"\n * 閉じられる passive form \"to be closed\"\n * 閉じられた past-passive form \"was closed\"\n * 閉じます polite/masu form \"to close\"\n * 閉じられました polite past-passive form \"was closed\"\n\n**EDIT:** I don't think this is advanced at all. (ら)れる conjugates just like\nnormal ichidan/vowel-stem verbs, so you don't need a special chart for this.\nIf you know how to conjugate normal ichidan verbs such as 折れる and 疲れる, you\nknow how to conjugate (ら)れる, too. (Actually, monolingual dictionaries lists\n(ら)れる as a distinct \"auxiliary verb\", not a \"form\" of a verb.) I think you\nalready know this, but 逃げられる is an example of 'sufferer passive' explained in\nthe link in the comment section.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T02:53:32.883",
"id": "55636",
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55624
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55636
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55636
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"accepted_answer_id": "55638",
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a conversation with my language partner. For\nsome context, I told her about our familydinner at a restaurant during\nchristmas eve. I wanted to tell her that you could have your meal freshly\ncooked right before your eyes there, but unfortunately I used some wrong\nvocabulary and she explained to me what I actually said :D\n\nI'll post what I had written first:\n彼女の家族は、クリスマスイブでレストランへ行く伝統があります。ですから、去年私の家族と彼女の家族とクリスマスイブで「グルメ-テンプル」というレストランへ行きました。このレストランはビュッフェと料理番組で作られた料理を供して、料理のすごい種々がありました\n\nThen here is the full block which she wrote back concerning my misleading\nwordchoice: 「料理番組で作られた料理」というのは、テレビの料理番組で作っていた料理を再現したという意味でしょうか。\nビュッフェ形式のホテルやレストランで私が思いつくのは、「実演料理（じつえんりょうり）」です。作って並べられている料理とは別に、その場でシェフが作ってくれる料理です。日本の場合では、その場で寿司を握ってくれたり、天ぷらを揚げてくれたりします。お客さんは作っている様子を見ることができ、作りたてを食べることができます。\n\nUltimately, here is the sentence in question:\n作って並べられている料理とは別に、その場でシェフが作ってくれる料理です。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Concerning the prepared and lined up meals, they\nare meals which the chef makes (right there) on that spot.\"\n\nI think that I got the 別に、その場でシェフが作ってくれる料理です part right (I still might be\nwrong though^^). My main issue lies with the 作って並べられている料理とは part.\n\nFirst, I think that と puts the two elements on both sides into a \"A = B\"\nrelationship. This function is always a bit hard for me to handle, so I wanted\nto ask wether I got it right or not.\n\nSecond, I'm a bit clueless about the verbal chain 作って並べられている. Its syntax\nconfuses me because there definitely IS a て form for passive verbforms (e.g.\n並べられて ^^), and I think that 作って has a passive meaning here. So, it might be\npossible to chain a verb to another verb without paying attention to its\ngrammatical voice (=active/passive), but I don't know anything about these\nrules. I also don't know wether doing it in one way or the other modifies the\nsentence in one way or another.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-02T17:55:16.803",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does the syntax of 作って並べられている work here?",
"view_count": 99
}
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[
{
"body": "You have ignored 別に completely. ～と(は)別に is a very common set phrase that means\n\"aside from ～\", \"apart from ～\", \"in isolation from ～\", etc. This と is a\nparticle that marks a target of comparison or contrast (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/52564/5010)).\n\n> 作って並べられている料理 **とは別に** \n> **apart from** dishes which have been (already) prepared and spread (on the\n> table)\n\nAs you have guessed, 作って並べられている is interchangeable with 作られて並べられている here, but\nthe latter sounds roundabout to me. You can often omit the first れる/られる when\nthe two verbs are treated as one set action, but this should depend on the\ncontext.\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, your first attempt is indeed confusing, but what did you want to\nsay? A literal interpretation of your first attempt would be \"a (terrible)\nrestaurant which reuses and serves the dishes of nearby cooking studios and\nbuffet restaurants\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T03:19:30.040",
"id": "55638",
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55625
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55638
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55638
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{
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"body": "My question is, when の/んです の/んだ refers to a situation or state of being, as\nper the following example:\n\n> クリスマスの前デパートはいつも込んでいるんです。Before Christmas, the department stores are crowded.\n\n...why is it omitted in this example, which likewise describes a situation or\nstate of being:?\n\n> お花見の時はどこへ行っても、人がいっぱいです。During cherry blossom viewing season, there are lots\n> of people wherever you go.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T01:48:58.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55632",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-30T20:58:57.457",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-30T19:19:44.297",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"no-da"
],
"title": "Why no んです in お花見の時はどこへ行っても、人がいっぱいです?",
"view_count": 191
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you did not refer to the right chapter of your textbook. If you have\nalready read the proper explanation about this の, you should know it's mainly\nfor explanation or clarification. Think of this の as a milder version of \"that\nis to say\", \"because\", \"I mean\", etc. Your first sentence,\n\"クリスマスの前デパートはいつも込んでいるんです。\", is not a natural sentence without a previous\ncontext. It must be preceded by something that sets up a context, for example\n\"今日はデパートに行きたくありません。\". Your example about お花見 is natural if it appeared at the\nvery beginning of an article.\n\nHere are some links that will help you:\n\n * [What is the meaning of ～んです/～のだ/etc?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010)\n * [How is the \"のです\" working here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3349/5010)\n * [Explanatory のだ (んだ)](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/explanatory-noda/)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T02:38:45.293",
"id": "55635",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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55632
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55635
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"body": "If wished to say \"The weather where I come from is worse\" i.e., the weather in\nthe place where I come from, how would I say this naturally? Would I use\n「故郷」、「出身地」、or is there a more natural way of saying this? Thanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T02:05:35.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55633",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How would I say \"The place where I come from/where I come from\"",
"view_count": 433
}
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[
{
"body": "The phrase \"where I come from\" in English is kind of vague. Some people will\nuse it to mean where they were born, some people will use it to mean where\nthey grew up, and some people will use it to describe the place they currently\nlive (which may be neither the place they were born nor the place they grew\nup).\n\nFortunately, Japanese has lots of options for you on this. I actually wasn't\nclear on some of the more fine grain differences myself, and used [this\narticle](https://chigai-\nallguide.com/%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E5%9C%B0%EF%BC%88%E7%94%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8C%EF%BC%89%E3%81%A8%E5%87%BA%E8%BA%AB%E5%9C%B0%E3%81%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%83%E3%81%A8%E6%95%85%E9%83%B7/)\nas a reference.\n\n * 出生地 is literally \"birthplace\". This pretty explicitly means where you were born.\n * 出身地 is slightly more general, and is probably closer to English's \"place where one comes from\", broadly meaning the place where you grew up. My impression is that like English, unless you specify otherwise, people also often assume you were born here. ＜どこか＞出身 is also a very common pattern; I.E. 東京出身 to mean you grew up in Tokyo.\n * 地元 is \"hometown\" in the sense of being the place where most of your life is - job, social circle, sphere of influence, etc. \n * 故郷 is \"hometown\" in the sense of being the place where you were born and raised.\n\nThat said, the these words are close enough together that the lines between\ntheir usages are fairly blurred, and native speakers may not always use them\nexactly in line with their dictionary definition. Anecdotally, I am fairly\nsure I've heard someone use 地元 to talk about the place where they grew up,\ndespite living and working somewhere else. The article I referenced even\nmentions that this word in particular is starting to be used with basically\nthe same meaning as 故郷.\n\nTo answer your original question, for broadly talking about \"where one comes\nfrom\", I would use 出身地.\n\nEdit: Please make sure to also read through mackygoo's answer. I've addressed\nword choice here, but he has a lot of good stuff about natural language usage\nthat better addresses the \"how would I say\" portion of the question.",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T03:08:28.837",
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{
"body": "# English\n\n> \"The weather **where I come from** is worse\".\n\nFor example, this speaker is from \"新潟{にいがた} _Niigata as a famous snowy\ndistrict_ \" and this is the phrase used in a conversation in Tokyo in winter.\nIn winter of Tokyo, it rarely rains or snows, and the fine weather continues,\nso it is dry. On the other hand, Niigata's weather in winter is cloudy or\nsnowy every day, and there are very few sunny days.\n\nWomen/ladies would say for the given phrase like \"私｛わたし｝の\n**郷里｛きょうり｝/住{す}んで居｛い｝たところ** では天候｛てんこう｝/天気｛てんき｝はもっと悪｛わる｝いですわ。\" \nStudents would say like \"おれの **田舎{いなか}/おったところ** はもっと天気は悪いよ/悪いぞ。\" \nGentlemen would say \"私の **郷里/住んで居たところ** では天候/天気はもっと悪いです。\"\n\nThere is a possibility that ladies and gentlemen would use 故郷｛ふるさと｝ for their\nhometown. \nHowever, as for 出生地{しゅっせいち}, 出身地{しゅっしんち} or 故郷｛こきょう｝, they make sense\ncompletely, but I think that neither ladies, students nor gentlemen use them\nmuch in the above example phrase in a conversation.\n\nThe usage differs only for \"地元｛じもと｝\" that is introduced in Mindful's answer.\n\"地元\" may refer both to the place of your origin and to the place where you\nlive right now, so when referring to the place of your origin like the above\nexample phrase, we would use it together with the actual name of the hometown\nlike \"地元 **新潟** \". \nLadies and gentlemen would use 地元 like \"私の地元新潟では天候/天気はもっと悪いです。\"\n\nFor some reason, students do not use \"天候\" much, but they use \"天気\" instead. \nAlthough it may be only my feeling, it is not a difference as a technical\nterm, but \"天候\" may feel a bit more affected or elegant than \"天気\" so it may not\nbe used in student-to-student conversation. \nLadies and gentlemen also seem not to use \"天候\" so much but they use \"天気\" more\nin daily conversations.\n\n# 日本語\n\n> \"The weather **where I come from** is worse\".\n\n例えばこの話者は新潟の出身とし、冬の東京での会話とします。 \n東京の冬は、雨や雪はほとんど降らず晴天で乾燥しています。 \n一方、新潟の冬の天気は毎日曇りか雪で、晴れの日は大変少ないです。\n\nご婦人は、「私の **郷里｛きょうり｝/住んで居たところ** では天候/天気はもっと悪いですわ。」 \n学生は、「おれの **田舎/おったところ** はもっと天気は悪いよ/ぞ。」 \n紳士は、「私の **郷里/住んで居たところ** では天候/天気はもっと悪いです。」\n\n故郷｛ふるさと｝はご婦人や紳士は使う可能性はあります。\nしかし、出生地、出身地、故郷{こきょう}は、意味的には全く問題ありませんが、ご婦人、学生、紳士ともに上記の例文ではあまり使わないように思います。\n\n「地元」だけは用法が異なります。「地元」は、出身地を指す場合も、今住んでいるところを指す場合もありますので、上記の例文のように出身地を指す場合は、故郷の名前と一緒に、例えば「地元新潟では」のように使います。\n\nその場合は、ご婦人、紳士ともに「私の地元新潟では天候/天気はもっと悪いです」のように使います。\n\n何故か、学生は「天候」をあまり使わず、「天気」を使うように思います。\n私だけの感じかも知れませんが、専門用語としての違いではなく、「天候」は「天気」に対して少し気取ったあるいは上品な感じがしますので学生同士の会話では使わないのかも知れません。\n\nご婦人や、紳士も、「普段の会話」では「天候」はあまり使わず「天気」を多く使うように思います。",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T06:26:11.203",
"id": "55639",
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"body": "## 「私が育ったところでは天気がもっと悪いよ。」\n\n\"The place where I come from has much worse weather.\"\n\n> the place where I come from\n>\n> [私が] 育ったところ",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T23:58:11.870",
"id": "55662",
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55633
| null |
55637
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"body": "Please help me with the following three sentences:\n\n> ①俺が何をしたっていうんだ。 \n> ②一人だから、何だというんだ。 \n> ③彼女の何がダメだっていうの。\n\nAll of them are copied from lines of some Japanese drama. I can't figure out\nhow such structures as っていうか&っていうんだ&っていうの function in those sentences.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T11:10:23.543",
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"id": "55641",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-24T02:23:04.337",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-24T02:23:04.337",
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"owner_user_id": "25748",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage",
"expressions",
"rhetorical-questions"
],
"title": "About っていうか&っていうの&っていうんだ",
"view_count": 2289
}
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[
{
"body": "I don't think there's any one way to translate it. But it's said in response\nto someone else.\n\n俺が何をしたっていうんだ = What are you saying I did?/What are you accusing me of?\"\n\n一人だから、何だというんだ = Because I'm alone, what of it? What does it matter to you if\nI'm alone?\"\n\n彼女の何がダメだっていうの = \"What about her is bad, you're saying?\"\n\nThat probably didn't help. But it is like emphasis, and has maybe an\naccusatory tone to it? It's easy to see the emphasis in the second sentence,\n何だというんだ (also 何だってんだ) is almost a set phrase, which I tried to exemplify in my\ntranslation with \"what of it\"? The first sentence has the speaker (probably)\nthinking they're being judged and they asked the other person, \"what do you\nthink I did?\" And the third sentence sounds similar, with an accusatory tone,\nlike maybe someone is making fun of the girl, or doesn't like her.\n\nSorry if this doesn't help. Edit: formatting.",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T12:08:34.300",
"id": "55643",
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"body": "> * 俺が何をしたっていうんだ。 \n> What the heck did I do? (implies \"I did nothing wrong.\")\n> * 一人だから、何だというんだ。 \n> So what if I am alone? (implies \"There is nothing wrong even if I'm\n> alone.\")\n> * 彼女の何がダメだっていうの。 \n> What the heck is wrong with her? (implies \"There is nothing wrong with\n> her.\")\n>\n\nIn your examples, ～っていうんだ, ～というんだ, ～っていうの are semantically roughly the same.\nThey form a rhetoric question that expects \"nothing\" as an implied answer. って\nis a colloquial variation of quotative-と. The の/ん near the end is for [seeking\nclarification](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/question-markers/).\nいう in this context is 言う, but is like \"to mean\" or \"to think\" rather than \"to\nsay out loud\".\n\nEven though they share the same meaning, they sound differently depending on\nhow you end a sentence.\n\n> * 私が何をしたと言うのですか？ (irritated, but still polite)\n> * 私が何をしたって言うんだ。 (rough, masculine and accusatory)\n> * 私が何をしたと言うのか。 (literary or blunt)\n> * 私が何をしたと言うの。 (casual and relatively feminine)\n>\n\nFinally,\n[～っていうか](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%86%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B)\nis totally irrelevant.",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T12:11:07.980",
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a conversation with my language partner. For\nsome context, I told her about our familydinner at a restaurant during\nchristmas eve. I wanted to tell her that you could have your meal freshly\ncooked right before your eyes there, but unfortunately I used some wrong\nvocabulary and she explained to me what I actually said :D\n\nI'll post what I had written first:\n彼女の家族は、クリスマスイブでレストランへ行く伝統があります。ですから、去年私の家族と彼女の家族とクリスマスイブで「グルメ-テンプル」というレストランへ行きました。このレストランはビュッフェと料理番組で作られた料理を供して、料理のすごい種々がありました\n\nThen here is the full block which she wrote back concerning my misleading\nwordchoice: 「料理番組で作られた料理」というのは、テレビの料理番組で作っていた料理を再現したという意味でしょうか。\nビュッフェ形式のホテルやレストランで私が思いつくのは、「実演料理（じつえんりょうり）」です。作って並べられている料理とは別に、その場でシェフが作ってくれる料理です。日本の場合では、その場で寿司を握ってくれたり、天ぷらを揚げてくれたりします。お客さんは作っている様子を見ることができ、作りたてを食べることができます。\n\nNow, the sentence in question: ビュッフェ形式のホテルやレストランで私が思いつくのは、「実演料理（じつえんりょうり）」です。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Concerning what I recall out of the buffet-system\nhotels and restaurants, it is 実演料理.\"\n\nI interpreted で as the short form of の中で here. I'm not sure wether the way I\nput ビュッフェ形式のホテルやレストランで into relation with 思いつくのは is legit or not. With の being\na nominalizer, 思いつくのは becomes \"concerning that which I recall\". This \"that\nwhich I recall\" is further detailed by ビュッフェ形式のホテルやレストランで, that's at least how\nI understood it.",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T12:00:59.007",
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"tags": [
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"title": "How do ビュッフェ形式のホテルやレストランで and 私が思いつくのは relate to each other?",
"view_count": 66
}
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[
{
"body": "> ビュッフェ形式のホテルやレストランで私が思いつくのは実演料理です。 \n> (literally) It's 実演料理 that I think of with 'buffer-style restaurants and\n> hotels'. \n> (interpretation) The phrase 'buffer-style restaurants and hotels' reminded\n> me of the phrase 実演料理.\n\nI think this particle で can be understood as a method/means marker. In this\nsentence, she is saying she recalled the word 実演販売 with the phrase\n\"ビュッフェ形式のホテルやレストラン\" as a hint/trigger. ホテルやレストランの中で思いつく usually means \"to come\nup with something when one is at a restaurant or a hotel\", which makes little\nsense in this context.\n\nHere's something worth memorizing as a set expression:\n\n> あっ、それで思い出した! \n> Ah, that reminds me!\n\nYour translation is not entirely wrong, but in case you didn't, remember that\nthis is a rather simple [cleft\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010). Let's get used to\nthis pattern before resorting to word-by-word analysis.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T13:57:31.547",
"id": "55648",
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between me and my language\npartner. I told her that I ate a variety of different types of meat, e.g.\ncrododile and zebra. She then replied to me the following.\n\n私もワニの肉は食べたことがありますが、シマウマは食べたことがありません。日本では、馬肉（ばにく）を食べるのですが、馬肉に似たような肉でしょうか。\n\nI have problems with the second sentence. My attempt at translation: \"I also\nhave eaten crocodilemeat, but I haven't eaten zebra meat yet. Concerning in\njapan, one eats horsemeat, but it (=zebra?) surely is meat that matches\nhorsemeat.\" Did she compare horsemeat to zebrameat here? I think she does, and\ncontextwise I wouldn't have any better idea.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T12:36:45.083",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does this comparison express?",
"view_count": 129
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[
{
"body": "> 馬肉に似たような肉でしょうか。 \n> (literally) Is it (=zebra's meat) meat that resembles horse meat? \n> I wonder if it's like horse meat.\n\n * Please double-check the meaning of the verb [似る](http://jisho.org/word/%E4%BC%BC%E3%82%8B).\n * ～でしょうか is a question, and is different from ～でしょう without か.",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T13:33:42.997",
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"score": 4
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55645
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55647
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between me and my language\npartner. We talked about movies deviating in certain points from the original\nworks they are derived from (e.g. Lord of the rings books vs. movies), and how\nthis can have both its pros and cons.\n\nFor context, I will include the full block of her reply concerning this point:\nパディントンの映画は原作（げんさく：元の作品のことをこう言います）とは違いますが、ファミリーで楽しめるエンターテインメントになっていて、とても良かったです。\nロード・オブ・ザ・リングも、日本語に翻訳された本の方（『指輪物語』）は、とても長く、難しいので、子どもが読み切るのはなかなか難しいです。映像の場合、エルフとドワーフがどう違うか、一目でわかるので、一緒に観ている息子に説明しなくても済みます。目と耳から情報が入ってくるので、話に入っていきやすいのではないかと思います。\n\nThe sentence in question: 目と耳から情報が入ってくるので、話に入っていきやすいのではないかと思います。\n\nMy attempt at translation:\n\n\"Because the information enters from eyes and ears, I wonder if while one\nenters the story it isn't the easy way?\"\n\nSo first, I interpreted the combination of ではないかと思います as way to say \"I wonder\nif...(isn't)?\". I don't know if that's legit, I just couldn't come up with\nsomething which would make more sense. Second I parsed 話に入っていきやすい as 話に入って and\nいきやすい. An alternative I can think of would be to read it as 話に入りやすい and\n話に行きやすい. However, this feels a bit redundant, because one would basically say\nthe same thing twice \"easy to enter\" and \"easy to go (there)\". Furthermore,\nchosing this option I can't think of a translation which wouldn't sound pretty\nwrong.\n\nI'm also not sure wether I should interprete いき in いきやすい as a noun or as a\nverb, and wether that would actually matter or not^^ I know the verb+やすい/にくい\npattern, for example: この料理は食べにくいです。=> \"This meal is hard to eat\" (probably\nbecause it tastes awful...^^). I don't know if the meaning would change by any\nmeans if I regarded 食べ as a noun or verb here, and considering what I've\nlearnt about derivation in japanese so far, I guess the verbs ます-stem is\nregarded as a noun anyway in such cases, isn't it?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T14:10:06.607",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does いきやすい say here?",
"view_count": 144
}
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[
{
"body": "* 話に入る (lit. \"to enter a story\") in this context means \"to devote oneself into the story.\"\n * This いく is a **subsidiary verb** explained [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010), so please don't separate it from 入って. It slightly adds the nuance of \"over a period of time\" or \"away from here (the real world)\", but I think it doesn't have to be translated. This can even be dropped without largely changing the meaning of the sentence.\n * いき before やすい is a masu-stem of a _verb_. I don't think a noun can precede にくい/やすい in the first place. You said you already know the [～やすい pattern](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%82%84%E3%81%99%E3%81%84-yasui/), but your textbook didn't tell you to translate it as \"the easy way\", did you?\n * ～のではないか (literary/formal) or ～んじゃないか (casual) is just a way of saying things mildly and unobtrusively.\n\nSo 話に入っていきやすいのではないかと思います is roughly the same as 話に入りやすいと思います, \"(If there is\nvideo,) I think it's easier to dive into the story.\"",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T14:54:12.987",
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55650
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between me and my language\npartner. We talked about movies deviating in certain points from the original\nworks they are derived from (e.g. Lord of the rings books vs. movies), and how\nthis can have both its pros and cons.\n\nFor context, I will include the full block of her reply concerning this point:\nパディントンの映画は原作（げんさく：元の作品のことをこう言います）とは違いますが、ファミリーで楽しめるエンターテインメントになっていて、とても良かったです。\nロード・オブ・ザ・リングも、日本語に翻訳された本の方（『指輪物語』）は、とても長く、難しいので、子どもが読み切るのはなかなか難しいです。映像の場合、エルフとドワーフがどう違うか、一目でわかるので、一緒に観ている息子に説明しなくても済みます。目と耳から情報が入ってくるので、話に入っていきやすいのではないかと思います。\n\nThe sentence in question:\nロード・オブ・ザ・リングも、日本語に翻訳された本の方（『指輪物語』）は、とても長く、難しいので、子どもが読み切るのはなかなか難しいです\n\nI think のは signals that a cleft-sentence is used here. I will try to come up\nwith a translation which adequately reflects that:\n\n\"Same for the lord of the rings, concerning the into-japanese-translated book\n指輪物語, it is pretty hard that children finish it because it is long and\ndifficult.\"\n\nSo first, I don't really know what to do with 方. I don't think that it has any\ngrammatical function like in 来週の試験は今練習するほうがいいだと思います。 I think it simply acts as\na noun here. However, <http://jisho.org/search/hou> doesn't give me any\nmeaning for 方 as a noun which I could think of as suitable for this context\nhere. I usually would go for \"volume\" or \"edition\" since we are talking about\nthe japanese version of \"The Lord of the rings\", but that isn't really backed\nup by the various semantics listed on jisho.\n\nSecond, I must admit that I am really confused what exactly she is talking\nabout now ^^ Is she talking about this movie from 1978, mentioned in the entry\nfor 指輪物語 (前編) <http://jisho.org/word/51869426d5dda7b2c6031a62> ? I don't think\nthat this would make sense, since she later on tells me that she finds it\neasier (for her son) to delve into the story with the visuals of the movie. In\naddition, 子どもが読み切る suggests a written medium, so she can't be talking about\nthe movie in 日本語に翻訳された本の方（『指輪物語』）は、とても長く、難しいので I think.\n\nThird, I must also admit that I'm a bit confused by the use of brackets in\n（『指輪物語』) . Um, I guess it kind of works like \"\" but I've never seen that many\nbrackets being integrated into each other in written text so maybe I'm just\nnot seeing the specific purpose of this.^^\n\nFourth, I'm not really sure wether the way I dealth with も in ロード・オブ・ザ・リングも is\nstill legit. I'm pretty sure it references back to what she said about\n\"paddington family\"-movie, since she thinks that both the LOTR movie and the\npaddington-movie have changed the original works in a way that makes it more\nentertaining/easier to delve into. But I'd like to ask for confirmation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T15:29:51.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55651",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does 方 say in this sentence?",
"view_count": 148
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[
{
"body": "You're on the right track but perhaps overthinking the grammar.\n\n> ロード・オブ・ザ・リングも、日本語に翻訳された本の方（『指輪物語』）は、とても長く、難しいので、子どもが読み切るのはなかなか難しいです\n>\n> \"The Japanese translation of _Lord of the Rings_ is also very long and\n> difficult, so it's hard for a child to finish it.\"\n\n(\"also\" here means \"similar to Paddington, the movie is much easier to\nunderstand than the book,\" but that's not explained until the next sentence.)\n\n方 here is used to indicate contrast with something else--specifically, the\nfilm adaptation of _Lord of the Rings_ mentioned in the next sentence. It's\nused in the same sense as 日本よりアメリカの方が危ない. Often this usage is translated into\nEnglish with an intensifying \"more\" or \"-er,\" but that's not natural in this\ncase.\n\nBrackets in Japanese are, as you suggest, used in the same way as quotation\nmarks or italics to denote the title of a work.\n\nAs Naruto mentions, 読み切るの is a nominalization, not a cleft sentence.\n\n> 子供が読み切るのは\n\n\"As for children finishing it...\"\n\n> なかなか難しいです。\n\n\"...it's rather difficult.\"\n\nFinally, looking up 指輪物語 on Jisho will give a misleading result. Try Googling\nit instead. You'll find that 「指輪物語」refers to the Japanese translation of the\nbook series _Lord of the Rings,_ and the recent film series is called\nロード・オブ・ザ・リング.",
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"body": "At least in my country parents tend to give body parts cute or easier names\nwhen talking about them to children. Thus children use them too in their\nspeech. This is especially for sexual connoted body parts like penis, vagina,\nbreasts and so on. I tried searching for such words on jisho.org but it tends\nto be difficult.\n\nWhere could I find such word alternatives? Is there a list?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T15:59:23.710",
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"owner_user_id": "10261",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"child-speech"
],
"title": "body parts in childrens language",
"view_count": 57
}
|
[] |
55652
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55655",
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"body": "Probably a stupid question, but I would like to clear up any doubts... For a\nnative speaker, is there a difference between the word お祖父さん and the word\n祖父さん? The first one, simply, is more honorific?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T16:42:29.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55654",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-03T17:05:37.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "25405",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "お祖父さん and 祖父さん: is there a difference?",
"view_count": 484
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, おじいさん is \"relatively\" more respectful. But it's better to regard おじいさん as\n'plain/neutral' and じいさん as 'usually rude'. You may address an old stranger\nwith おじいさん, but you must not use じいさん unless you really want to be rude. The\nsame is true for おばあさん vs. ばあさん. Some native speakers refer to their own\ngrandpa/grandma as じいさん/ばあさん in the most casual settings, but I would say\nthere is almost no reason for a nonnative speaker to ever use じいさん/ばあさん.\n(There are even ruder derogatory term, じじい and ばばあ, which you may see on dirty\nnet forums)\n\nBy the way, 祖父さん【じいさん】 is a relatively rare ateji. It's pefectly fine to write\nthis with all-hiragana.",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T17:15:27.923",
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55654
|
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"body": "I've been absorbing Japanese through osmosis for years, but I just started\nlearning it formally. The app I'm using presented these two sentences with the\nsame translation, I think just to show that the interrogatives like どこ can't\ntake は as their particle:\n\n> 病院はどこですか Where is the hospital? \n> どこが病院ですか Where is the hospital?\n\nMy question is, when would you use the latter? (My understanding is that the\nfirst is more normal.) What's the difference in emphasis?\n\nI think I get the difference for a different interrogator. If I understand\ncorrectly, 先生はだれですか is neutral/putting emphasis on teacher, so it could mean\n\"Who (among us) is a teacher?\" Whereas だれが先生ですか puts emphasis on \"who,\" as in\n\"Just who _is_ that teacher.\" (I'm overemphasizing the distinction.) But I\ndon't see how that applies to どこ.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-03T19:10:15.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55657",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T02:39:03.220",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-04T05:27:05.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27182",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between Xはどこ and どこがX",
"view_count": 959
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|
[
{
"body": "I think your interpretation of the distinction between 先生はだれですか and だれが先生ですか\nis correct and it applies to 病院はどこですか and どこが病院ですか, so you can emphasize \"どこ\".\n\nProbably it's a little bit strange since a hospital is normally big, so you\ncan find it easily and you don't have to emphasize \"どこ\" normally. Perhaps you\nknow the address of the hospital, but the hospital is mingled with other big\nbuildings. So you want to emphasize \"どこ\" in the case.\n\n\"だれが先生ですか\" might be used when \"先生\" is mingled with a clerk in a teacher's\nroom. So, you need to emphasize \"だれ\" to discern the teacher from them.",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-04T00:01:21.440",
"id": "55663",
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{
"body": "> A) 「病院{びょういん} **は** どこですか。」\n>\n> B) 「どこ **が** 病院ですか。」\n\nThe two sentences above surely have different meanings and usages.\n\nAs you stated, **A)** is the more \"normal\" or \"versatile\" sentence. It is used\nto ask for the location of a/the hospital in a situation where the speaker has\nlittle to no idea where a/the hospital might be in a town or area where the\nspeaker is a stranger. In fact, there might not even be a hospital there.\n\nSo, the replies to A) can be \" _ **Turn left at the next traffic light and go\ndown a couple of blocks...**_.\" or \" _ **I'm afraid there is no hospital\naround here**_.\"\n\n**B)** is used very differently in that both the speaker and listener know\nthat there is a hospital (nearby). Suppose you are looking at a campus map of\na medical school that you already know has a hospital attached to it. You want\nto know exactly where on the campus it is located and the other person might\npoint a finger at the south-east corner of the map and reply 「ここ **が** 病院です。」\nor just 「ここです。」.\n\nA がｰanswer to a がｰquestion.\n\nIt could also be a small town or area to ask question B) in a situation where\nyou have a prior knowledge that there is a hospital there. Either you may have\nhad that knowledge for a long time or you have just learned it a moment ago.\n\nFinally, A) can often replace B), but B) could not replace A) nearly as often.\nThat , of course, is because B) is more specific and A), more general. By\n\"specific\", I mean to say that more specific situations/contexts are required\nto naturally utter B) (as my example of a medical school map above).",
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"body": "I found this word in one of the Akutagawa Ryūnosuke's short stories called 夢.\nthe story begins like this:\n\n> わたしはすっかり疲れていた。肩や頸の凝るのは勿論、不眠症もかなり甚しかった。のみならず偶々眠ったと思うと、いろいろの夢を見勝ちだった",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T20:58:57.863",
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"id": "55659",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27185",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "what's the meaning of 見勝ち？",
"view_count": 153
}
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[
{
"body": "It's 見る + がち. It is normally seen in its kana form, but here the author chose\nkanji, 勝ち. がち attached to a verb's stem means \"apt/tend/prone to doing.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-03T22:54:15.973",
"id": "55661",
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55661
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"body": "Short question.\n\nLine from 愛は取り戻せ song:\n\n> 俺との愛を守る為 お前は旅立ち\n\nThat と is just an abbreviation from 俺たち? Or is some grammatical point with の\nrelated? Thanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T01:17:54.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55666",
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"owner_user_id": "26914",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Use of と in this line",
"view_count": 60
}
|
[] |
55666
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55692",
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"body": "I can't find the difference and in the book that I use there is no\nexplanation.\n\n* * *\n\nContext: It is about ordering food. I have two sentences:\n\n> ミルクと砂糖 **入りの** 紅茶はいくらですか。 \n> ホットコーヒーをミルクと砂糖 **入りで** ください。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T07:27:59.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55671",
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"owner_user_id": "26037",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "What's the difference between ぬきで & ぬきの and 入りの & 入りで?",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you should provide the sentence in the book to get a nice answer.\n\nProbably your book contains the sentence like “彼抜きの会議はつまらない。” or\n“彼抜きで会議はつまらない” The former normally implies “the meeting without him is\nboring.”. The latter normally implies “Having a meeting without him is\nboring.”\n\nHopefully you could provide some sentences for the distinction 入りの/入りで.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T10:39:58.983",
"id": "55672",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Generally speaking, ～で is always adverbial (i.e., modifies a _verb_ ), whereas\n～の always connects to the following _noun_. In English this distinction is not\nalways clear because \"with ～\", \"to ～\", \"in ～\" and so on [can modify both a\nnoun and a verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/17739/5010).\n\n * ワサビ抜きで寿司を食べた。 I ate sushi without wasabi; I ate, without wasabi, sushi.\n * ワサビ抜きで寿司 (sounds like an incomplete sentence fragment because there is no verb for 抜きで to modify)\n * ワサビ抜きの寿司を食べた。 I ate sushi without wasabi; I ate wasabi-free sushi.\n * ワサビ抜きの寿司 wasabi-free sushi (noun phrase)\n\nWhen you order something, you can say, for example:\n\n> ミルク入りでください。 \n> ミルク入りでお願いします。 \n> With milk, please.\n\n...because ください/お願いします is a verb. You can omit this verb and say this simply:\n\n> ミルク入り **で** 。 \n> With milk (, please).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-05T02:08:44.777",
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55671
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55692
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55692
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"body": "I recently had a major error on my translation for an agency, and am still\nconfused.\n\nThe wider context is that this person doesn't like dealing (being seen) by\nstaff when borrowing money, so prefers to use automated services. This is his\nfinal thought:\n\n> **だから人に見られてどうか** 、 **っていうので** 、機械にするか、生身の人間のやりとりがいいかっていう、使い分けかなとは思ってます。\n\nI translated it as:\n\n> \"So, regardless of whether I'm seen by other people...\"\n\nBut apparently that's incorrect.\n\nAlso, with regards to incorporating っていうので, could it be something like:\n\n> \"So, **as I say** ,...\"\n\nMany thanks for your help in advance.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T12:46:44.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55674",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"spoken-language",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "Translation of ～てどうか",
"view_count": 180
}
|
[
{
"body": "What he says \"だから人に見られてどうか、っていうので\" is vague, at least to me. I simply can't\nconclude if he does not want to show his bankbook or some other reason.\n\n\"どうか、っていうので\" is also not a natural phrase. So, it might be showing his\nunwillingness for the transaction in person to person since, as you say, at\nleast he does not like his transaction in person to person.\n\nSo, My attempt translation what he said is \"I am ambivalent about someone\nseeing my transaction, so which one to deal with machine or person is it\ndepends.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T13:10:39.157",
"id": "55675",
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{
"body": "To rephrase it in a bit simpler (or, a bit less colloquial) way...\n\nだから、人に見られてどう感じるか（i.e. 見られたら嫌か、平気か）、ということで（≂\nということを基準にして）、機械にするか生身の人間とのやりとりにするかを決めている（≂ ～かの使い分けをしている）と思います。\n\nwhich is roughly saying...\n\n\"So, I think I/you/people decide whether I/you/they should use 機械(=ATM) or\n人間(=窓口), depending on how I/you/they would feel (= whether I/you/they like it\nor not) if I/you/they were seen (borrowing money) by others.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-04T15:39:40.443",
"id": "55680",
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55680
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between and my language partner. I\nasked her about the use of ところどころ and wether particles need to be attached at\nthe end or not. For context, this is the full block in which she replied to me\nconcerning this topic:\n\n> 「所々（ところどころ）」の使い方です。 これが意外と難しいです。助詞がつく場合とつかない場合があるのです。\n> 「所々」は「あちこち」を意味する名詞ですが、それ自体で副詞のようにも使えます（in places) 「所々、原作と違ってもいい」 は正しい使い方です。\n> 「所々に、原作と違う部分がある」 も正しい使い方です。 「所々で違う場面展開がある」 のように使うこともできます。\n>\n> 使い分けを説明するのは難しいのですが、基本的に「所々」だけで使える場合が多いように思います。\n> 上の３つの文章はすべて「所々」だけでも使えますが、「所々に、原作と違ってもいい」 という言い方はできず、「所々で、原作と違ってもいい」\n> という言い方はできます。 つまり、助詞を使うことで意味を限定しているのではないでしょうか。 わかりにくかったらごめんなさい。\n\nThe sentence in question: 使い分けを説明するのは難しいのですが、基本的に「所々」だけで使える場合が多いように思います。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Though it is difficult to explain the proper use,\nI think...\" I can't really translate any further without relying on mere\nguessing.\n\nFirst, 場合が多いように really confuses me. Im sure ように is in the \"like X\" function\nhere, however the reference point is not a noun since it is ように and not ような.\nThis reference point must be 思う since there is no other verb or word at all in\nsuccession of ように. The problem is, I really cant think up any meaningful\nconnection between the phrase 場合が多いように and 思います. Not with ように in the \"like\"\nfunction, and even if it was in the \"in order to\" (final) function, I wouldn't\nreally know how to put together 場合が多いように with 思います in any way which would\nstill make some sense. Oh and it seems like と was omitted before 思う. Does that\nin any way change things in this sentence?\n\nSecond 基本的に「所々」だけで使える. This is obviously the attribute to 場合 but since I can't\nmake any sense of the phrase 場合 is embedded into, I'm asking about the two\nparts separately here. => \"Basically, being 「所々」 only usable (cases...).\" My\nmain issue here is で. I can't really see if it is the continuative form of the\ncopula or the particle で. However, in both cases I'm still clueless how to\nproperly translate it...",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-04T13:56:18.650",
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"id": "55677",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do ように and 基本的に work in this sentence",
"view_count": 128
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ように is a kind of\n[hedge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge_\\(linguistics\\)) which makes the\nsentence look milder and less affirmative.\n\n> 1. 高いです。 \n> It's expensive.\n> 2. 高いと思います。 \n> I think it's expensive.\n> 3. 高いように思います。 \n> I _kind of_ think it's expensive. / _Maybe_ it's expensive. / _I'm not\n> sure, but_ it may be expensive.\n>\n\nSentence 2 is much milder than 1, but it can still sound harsh depending on\nthe context. Sentence 3 sounds much milder (or less confident) than 2.\n\n> 使い分けを説明するのは難しいのですが、基本的に「所々」だけで使える場合が多いように思います。 \n> Although it's hard (for me) to explain the difference, basically, I kind of\n> feel 所々 can be used on its own in the majority of cases.",
"comment_count": 0,
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55677
|
55693
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55693
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{
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"body": "お父さんと一緒の時間を生きる事が命を受け取るって事なんだ。\n\nI don't understand the \"を生きる\" being applied to a non-living thing like the\ntime you spent with your dad.\n\nThe \"が命を受け取るって事なんだ\" extends the first sentence into another part before I can\neven understand the ending of the first part?\n\nHow do you break it down?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T14:33:19.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55678",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-05T02:12:14.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Use of を生きる applied to a non-living thing",
"view_count": 232
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「お父{とう}さんと一緒{いっしょ}の時間{じかん}を生{い}きる事{こと} **が** 命{いのち}を受{う}け取{と}る **って事** なんだ。」\n\nThis sentence is in a very simple construct of:\n\n> \"Phrase A + **が** + Phrase B + という/っていう/って + **こと** + だ/なんだ/です/である\"\n\nwhich means:\n\n> \"Phrase A means none other than Phrase B.\"\n\nA = \"making the most of my time with my dad\"\n\nB = \"taking the baton of life\"\n\n「～～ **を** 生きる」 means \"to make the most of ~~\". We often say\n「今{いま}を生きる」、「現在{げんざい}を生きる」, etc. A cool expression to know.\n\n> \"To make the most of my time with my dad means (none other than) to take the\n> baton of life (from him).\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T01:37:06.983",
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55678
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55691
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55691
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between and my language partner. I\nasked her about the use of ところどころ and wether particles need to be attached at\nthe end or not. For context, this is the full block in which she replied to me\nconcerning this topic:\n\n> 「所々（ところどころ）」の使い方です。 これが意外と難しいです。助詞がつく場合とつかない場合があるのです。\n> 「所々」は「あちこち」を意味する名詞ですが、それ自体で副詞のようにも使えます（in places) 「所々、原作と違ってもいい」 は正しい使い方です。\n> 「所々に、原作と違う部分がある」 も正しい使い方です。 「所々で違う場面展開がある」 のように使うこともできます。\n>\n> 使い分けを説明するのは難しいのですが、基本的に「所々」だけで使える場合が多いように思います。\n> 上の３つの文章はすべて「所々」だけでも使えますが、「所々に、原作と違ってもいい」 という言い方はできず、「所々で、原作と違ってもいい」\n> という言い方はできます。 つまり、助詞を使うことで意味を限定しているのではないでしょうか。 わかりにくかったらごめんなさい。\n\nThe sentence in question: 上の３つの文章はすべて「所々」だけでも使えますが、「所々に、原作と違ってもいい」\nという言い方はできず、「所々で、原作と違ってもいい」 という言い方はできます\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Concerning the 3 sentences from above, although\nwith only 所々 is entirely usable, not using the 「所々に、原作と違ってもいい」way of saying,\nyou can use this way of saying 「所々で、原作と違ってもいい」.\"\n\nAs I understood and translated the sentence, she is telling me that I can\nALWAYS use 所々 without any particle attached, but if I want to attach a\nparticle, I can always use で instead of に?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T14:39:31.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55679",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What am I told here about the use of 「所々」",
"view_count": 83
}
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[
{
"body": "This sentence is simpler than you might think. It's just a compound sentence\nmade of three independent clauses, each of which has its own topic (marked\nwith は). You can split it into three sentences.\n\n 1. 上の３つの文章 **は** すべて「所々」だけでも使えます。 \nFor all three sentences above, you can just use 所々 (without に/で).\n\n 2. が、「所々に、原作と違ってもいい」 という言い方 **は** できません。 \nHowever, saying 「所々に、原作と違ってもいい」 is not valid.\n\n 3. 「所々で、原作と違ってもいい」 という言い方 **は** できます。 \nSaying 「所々で、原作と違ってもいい」 is okay.\n\n* * *\n\nAs she said, 所々 is both a standalone adverb and a noun that takes で/に/から/etc.\nSee [other questions for the difference between で and\nに](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/%E3%81%AB-\nand-%E3%81%A7?sort=votes&pageSize=50).",
"comment_count": 0,
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55679
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55690
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55690
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"body": "everyone. I am currently writing a paper on sentence final suffixes in\nJapanese especially those used in conversation. I encounter a problem as to\nwhat is the origin of -っけ (eg. 名前は何だっけ？) . Is it connected to the verb 来る？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T15:54:45.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55681",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-04T16:51:31.827",
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"owner_user_id": "27197",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "the origin of Japanese suffix (だ)-っけ",
"view_count": 187
}
|
[
{
"body": "Any monolingual dictionary would instantly answer your question. See here for\nexample:\n\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%91-487968#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88>\n\nThe sentence-ending particle 「け」 as in 「～～だっけ/～～たっけ」 comes from the Classical\nauxiliary verb 「 **けり** 」, which is basically used for expressing a feeling of\nreminiscence and/or exclamation regarding a past event.\n\nIt has absolutely nothing to do with 「来{く}る」.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"body": "So for example:\n\n_That sounds scary to me._\n\nGoogle translates it as\n\nそれは私に恐ろしいと思う。\n\nDoes that sound natural in Japanese?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T16:11:09.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55682",
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"owner_user_id": "19498",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "What's the natural way to say it sounds + adjective in Japanese?",
"view_count": 2541
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[
{
"body": "to put it simple and basic,\n\n**い-adjectives; adjective - the last い + そう**\n\nfor example:\n\n * こわい(scary) → こわそう(looks/sounds[would be] scary)\n * おいしい(delicious) → おいしそう(looks/sounds [would be] good)\n * おもい(heavy) → おもそう(looks/sounds [would be] heavy)\n\n> この映画はとても怖そうです！ \n> This movie looks very scary!\n\n* * *\n\n**な-adjectives; adjective + そう**\n\nfor example:\n\n * きれい(beautiful, clean) → きれいそう(looks/sounds[would be] beautiful/clean)\n * げんき(vital, healthy) → げんきそう(looks/sounds [would be] vital, healthy)\n * たいへん(dreadful, terrible) → たいへんそう(looks/sounds [would be] dreadful/terrible)\n\n> あなたは元気そうですね。 \n> You seem to be in good spirit.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-05T05:52:47.613",
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"score": 3
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55682
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55694
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55694
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{
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between me and my language\npartner. We were talking about food which is prepared in front of the eyes of\na customer in the restaurant/hotel. In the following section, I stumbled\nacross the word/form 作りたて and I don't know what this たて is supposed to mean:\n\n日本の場合では、その場で寿司を握ってくれたり、天ぷらを揚げてくれたりします。お客さんは作っている様子を見ることができ、作りたてを食べることができます。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"In case of japan, at this spot, they make sushi\nand fry tenpura. The customer can see the status of making and can eat....\"\n\nAs I said I don't know how to translate this 作りたて so I left it out, although I\nguess it means something along the lines of \"product\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T17:52:49.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55684",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is this 作りたて",
"view_count": 68
}
|
[] |
55684
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"accepted_answer_id": "55686",
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"body": "To learn Japanese, I am currently using Duolingo. One of the sentences it\nwants me to translate is \"Do you want to go to the park with me?\"\n\nThe answer I am supposed to give is： いっしょに公園にいきませんか？\n\nI get that いっしょ is meant to represent the \"together\" part of the sentence. I\nalso get that ませんか represents the fact that it is more polite to say \"don't\nyou want to\" instead of \"do you want to\".\n\nHowever, nowhere does the sentence really include the want part. Would it be\ncorrect to say the following instead: いっしょに公園に行きたいますか\n\n?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T18:08:41.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55685",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "26400",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Expressing want and together",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're right. Duolingo translated it loosely. You could be more direct and ask\nいっしょに公園に **行きたいですか**\n\nFor more information on how to say want, I recommend you read\n[this.](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/desire)",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T18:49:49.167",
"id": "55686",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "55685",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55685
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55686
|
55686
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55688",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need some help understanding what \"そ,\" means in the following context, in\nwhich two fighters are being forced to fight and are conversing during the\nfight:\n\n> Opponent:「死にたくなかったら、 本気できなさい」\n>\n> “If you don’t want to die, then fight seriously.”\n>\n> POV character:「そ、 そんなこと言っても……」\n\nI managed to translate most of the Point Of View character's response; but I\ndon't know what そ could mean in the above sentence. Any ideas?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T22:00:56.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55687",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-04T22:41:20.977",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-04T22:41:20.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"definitions"
],
"title": "Meaning of そ、in 「そ、 そんなこと言っても……」?",
"view_count": 280
}
|
[
{
"body": "That's just a \"stutter\" of the first mora of そんな, meant to convey hesitation\nor a lack of confidence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T22:04:32.207",
"id": "55688",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-04T22:04:32.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "816",
"parent_id": "55687",
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"score": 2
}
] |
55687
|
55688
|
55688
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I was learning how to conjugate the state-of-being and I didn't see じゃないんだ in\nthe conjugation chart...I often hear people use it in movies and dramas... is\nit part of the conjugation for the state-of-being or part of some other\nconjugation? Sorry if my question is sort of confusing.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-04T22:44:18.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55689",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T02:58:35.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27198",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What's the difference between じゃない and じゃないんだ?",
"view_count": 227
}
|
[] |
55689
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55698",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I sometimes come across people (japanese) using the phrase \"便利が悪い\" and it\nkeeps me wondering why they aren't using 不便 instead.\n\nWhile 便利が悪い is being roughly translated into \"bad convenience / the\nconvenience is bad\" and 不便 being \"inconvenience\" isn't it the same thing?\n\nFor example, would \"あの場所が不便\" and \"あの場所の便利が悪い\" both be translated into \"the\nlocation is inconvenient\" or is the former \"あの場所の便利が悪い\" putting more emphasis\non the convenience itself being bad, while other things about the location may\nbe good?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T06:46:39.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55695",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T15:39:55.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "便利が悪い and 不便 usage",
"view_count": 214
}
|
[
{
"body": "便利 usually means \"convenient\" (na-adj), but it also means \"convenience\"\n(noun), according to a dictionary. 買い物の便利が悪い is\n[listed](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/200714/meaning/m0u/) as a valid\nexample.\n\nThat said, I personally never use 便利がいい/悪い, and I think I haven't heard it for\nyears (I live in Tokyo). I vaguely remember a few elderly people were using it\nwhen I lived in the western part of Japan many years ago. From a quick google\nsearch, it seems to be used mainly in Chugoku and Kyushu regions. I don't\nthink there is a significant difference in meaning.\n\n利便性がいい/悪い and (交通の)便【べん】がいい/悪い are totally fine because 利便性 and 交通の便 only work\nas nouns.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T07:59:48.217",
"id": "55698",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T15:39:55.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-05T15:39:55.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55695",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
55695
|
55698
|
55698
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55700",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the manga Inuyasha, the heroine Kagome acquires the ability to force the\ntitular Dog-Yokai to fall over by saying 「おすわり」.\n\nI figured this must be a typical dog training command, but I wondered why it\nwas not a more direct comamand such as 「すわれ」or at least 「すわって」.\n\nI haven't studied Japanese in a while, but I didn't realise this was a verb\nform at all. I thought that \"pre ます\" form didn't have any grammatical function\nwithout ます, and adding the polite initial-お seemed strange when talking to a\ndog.\n\nSure enough, according to this question [Japanese Dog Training\nCommands](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25155/japanese-dog-\ntraining-commands)\n\nmost other commands are in a direct imperative form, so what makes おすわり\nspecial, and what shades of meaning does a verb in \"お-verb-り\" form convey that\nすわって、すわれ etc do not.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T07:48:50.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55697",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T12:50:58.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27202",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"animals"
],
"title": "Why are dogs asked to 「おすわり」 instead of 「すわれ」",
"view_count": 553
}
|
[
{
"body": "Let's say you are a family of 4 and a dog; The imperative conjugation すわれ\nwould mainly only be used by the father (with exceptions) and is not really\nused by the mother or the kids. すわりなさい is too long to be used as a command to\na dog as they need short commands. すわり or おすわり will therefore be short and\nconcise enough of a word for all the family members to use.\n\nI'm not sure about the すわって but it could be to avoid confusion with the\ncommand おて (give me your paw) I'm also not sure why they use the お before the\nword.\n\nRead more here; [enter link description here](http://dog-\ntraining.hachultra.jp/basic-4/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T08:14:20.673",
"id": "55699",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T08:14:20.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19968",
"parent_id": "55697",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Pre-masu form (aka masu-stem, verb stem) has an important grammatical\nfunction; [it (sometimes) works as a\nnoun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32299/5010)! So おすわり is sort of a\n\"noun form\" of すわる. Plain nouns are sometimes used as commands also in\nEnglish, e.g., \"Order!\" \"Attention!\"\n\nRegarding the prefix お, note that [not all words that have it are honorific\nwords](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18723/5010). I don't know who\nfirstly used お座り, but I think it was originally a mere beautifier/美化語 like お水.\nNow, お in お座り is an integral part of the word. Long ago, some verb-stems\naccepted お and formed a compound words with special meanings. For example,\n[お絞り](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%8A%E7%B5%9E%E3%82%8A) is completely\ndifferent from [絞り](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%B5%9E%E3%82%8A), and\n[お笑い](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%8A%E7%AC%91%E3%81%84) is different from\n[笑い](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%AC%91%E3%81%84).\n\n[お預け](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%8A%E9%A0%90%E3%81%91) (\"Wait!\") is another\npopular dog command.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT** : On second thought, I think there is another way of viewing this. `お\n+ masu-stem` is a way of casually ordering something to someone lower than\nyou. For example one can say (to a human):\n\n> * さあ、お行き【LHH】。 Now, you must go.\n> * 早くお食べ【LHH】。 Finish eating.\n> * ここに おすわり【LHHH】。 Sit down here.\n> * おだまり【LHHH】！ Shut up!\n>\n\nThis pattern is dated, and basically only elderly people in fiction or people\nin samurai dramas use this pattern (except for lexicalized greetings like\nおやすみ【LHHH】 and おかえり【LHHH】). In addition, accent is very different (which is\nwhy I did not notice this at first):\n\n * おすわり【LHLL】。 (to a dog)\n * おすわり【LHHH】。 (to a human)\n\nFor おすわり, I think both explanations work. But おあずけ definitely has a special\nmeaning as a noun, so my original explanation may be more generic.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T08:25:42.993",
"id": "55700",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T12:50:58.653",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-05T12:50:58.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55697",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
] |
55697
|
55700
|
55700
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55723",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's about this\npassage:\"インターネットの安全のための仕事などをするＩＰＡによると、銀行やクレジットカードの会社など、本当にある会社の名前を **使った**\n、うそのメールが多くなっています。\"\n\nFirst of all, \"本当にある会社の名前を使った\" is modifying \"うそのメール\" but the comma is written\nfor more visibility, isn't it ?\n\nAnd to follow, my main question, why the verb 使う is in the past tense ?\n\"うそのメールが多くなっています\" is in the present and so the usage of false name is\ncontinuous too no ? Why it is not \"本当にある会社の名前を使う\" or \"本当にある会社の名前を使っている\"\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T10:00:30.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55702",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T03:38:29.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"relative-clauses",
"relative-tense"
],
"title": "Why the past tense is used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 252
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「インターネットの安全のための仕事などをするＩＰＡによると、銀行やクレジットカードの会社など、本当にある会社の名前を **使った**\n> 、うそのメールが多くなって **います** 。」\n\nIn this sentence, the \"main\" verb is 「います」 or the whole verb phrase 「多くなっています」\nat the very end. **That is the only verb whose tense determines the tense of\nthe sentence**.\n\nThat means that you should not really be calling 「使った」 the \"past tense\" only\nbecause there is a 「た」 in it. As I stated above, 「使った」 has no affect on the\ntense of the sentence.\n\nConsider the English sentence (first of the two):\n\n> \"I **am eating** a hamburger **made** with real Kobe beef. It's heavenly!\"\n\nThe tense of the sentence itself is clearly the present progressive as the\nverb here is \"am eating\". If so, why use \"made\"? Is using \"made\" there\nincorrect?\n\nI know very little English, but I still know that it is 100% correct,\ngrammatical and natural to use \"made\" in that sentence. Or am I deluded?\n\nThus, 「使った」 is the most natural verb tense choice in the original sentence.\n「使っている」 would sound quite awkward if not totally incorrect.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T03:33:19.910",
"id": "55723",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T03:38:29.880",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-06T03:38:29.880",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55702",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
55702
|
55723
|
55723
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55704",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can anyone please tell me what does を in 再稼働をてこに収益改善 in the sentence below\nindicate? I know that を is followed by a verb, but how come in this case it's\nfollowed by a noun てこ?\n\n> 広島高裁による四国電力伊方原発３号機（愛媛県、定期検査中）の運転差し止め命令は、再稼働をてこに収益改善を見込んでいた同社にとって想定外の衝撃だ。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T15:17:47.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55703",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T15:54:14.500",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-05T15:48:17.670",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "22126",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-を",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "About を in 再稼働をてこに収益改善",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I know that を is followed by a verb..\n\nNot true. It is often followed by a noun as well.\n\n> 「～～を + てこ + に」\n\nin this context, means:\n\n> \"with ~~ as the driving force\"\n\nIf, however, you insist on \"seeing\" a verb, try thinking one is implied and\nleft unsaid as in:\n\n> 「～～をてこに（して）」\n\nYou should be able to see the verb 「する」 there.\n\nIn any case, the phrase means:\n\n> \"(anticipating improved profitability) **_with the restart of the nuclear\n> plant (used) as the driving force_** \"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T15:54:14.500",
"id": "55704",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T15:54:14.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55703",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55703
|
55704
|
55704
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55708",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "During a boxing match there's a banner hanging from a terrace with this\nexpression written on it:\n\n> 拳神降臨\n\nThe match in question is a match of the tournament for the best newcomer\n(日本新人王戦), could it be linked to this? It is not clear if it was hung by some\nsupporters or if it is an official banner of the tournament. The literal\ntranslation would be \"the advent of a boxing god\", but does it have a\nparticular meaning? Is it an expression normally used in sport contexts (for\nexample, could you write 野球神降臨)?\n\n[Here's the two pages where the banner can be\nseen.](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Yrsa1.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T16:38:38.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55705",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T18:00:54.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"expressions",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of 拳神降臨",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can stick to your literal translation, or rephrase it as you like to match\nyour culture. ～降臨! is a phrase that is like \"Here comes ～!\" or \"We're seeing\n～!\" and used somewhat slangily on net forums (see\n[this](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%A5%9E%E9%99%8D%E8%87%A8)). 拳神降臨 is\nunderstandable as a phrase on a cheering banner, but it's not common at all.\nThe letters look hand-written by brush, and there is a kanji 会 (\"～ club\")\nbelow 臨 (maybe 後援会 = \"supporter's club\"?). So I think this is an unofficial\nbanner created by fans. As far as I can tell, this phrase has no particular\nreference to a famous song, proverb, person, etc. I feel 野球神 is slightly less\nnatural or common than 拳神, but 野球神降臨 is not nonsense, either.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T17:53:34.463",
"id": "55708",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T18:00:54.493",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-05T18:00:54.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55705",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55705
|
55708
|
55708
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55709",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is from a mystery manga. The criminal mastermind is lamenting\nthat his accomplice Masumi failed to properly kill Kimisawa.\n\n> ますみの奴・・・ \n> 最後の最後でしくじったな \n> あの至近距離でよもや急所をはずす\n>\n> 君沢ユリエのケガの具合によっては (new bubble if relevant) \n> また私が直接手を **くださねばなるまい**\n\nBasic idea I hope: \"That damn Masumi messed up right at the last minute. She\nmissed a vital point from point blank range. Depending on Kimisawa Yurie's\ncondition, ...\"\n\nI am having trouble **understanding the last sentence, particularly the bold\npart**. I have heard of the negative volitional form and assume that なるまい\nmeans the speaker has a strong will for something to not occur. This\nunderstanding however does not seem to be consistent with the によっては part. It\nseems to me that an action should follow and not a \"will that a state not\noccur\".\n\nI am also uncertain about **what form くださねば actually is**. I am familiar with\nくだせば, くださなければ, くださせば but not the given form.\n\nI also wonder **why the speaker used はずす** rather than はずした. The action of\nmissing the vital point is clearly completed and in the past so why treat it\nas though it is not?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T17:12:09.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55706",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T20:32:04.073",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-05T20:32:04.073",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"classical-japanese",
"modality",
"polarity-items"
],
"title": "What verb form is くださねばなるまい",
"view_count": 392
}
|
[
{
"body": "くださねば is くださなければ written in 文語 (classical Japanese).\n\n * [ねばねば食べねば, relation between ねば and なければ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3061/5010)\n * [Help me to understand やらなきゃいけない and やらなきゃならない](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42861/5010)\n\n> 私が直接手をくださねばなるまい。 \n> I would not help doing it myself.\n\n* * *\n\nよもや is a [negative polarity\nitem](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16060/5010) (i.e., expects a\nnegative predicate after it). From 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> よも‐や \n> 副 **《多く打ち消しを伴って》** ほとんどありえないという気持ちを表す。まさか。いくらなんでも。万が一にも。「━来ないということはあるまい」\n\nSo we can tell a main predicate is omitted after はずす, and the tense of はずす is\nrelative to the omitted verb. The \"full\" sentence would be something like\nあの至近距離でよもや急所をはずすとは思わなかった or よもや急所をはずすとは信じられない. I hope these はずす now look\nnatural to you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T18:24:08.247",
"id": "55709",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T18:32:34.833",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-05T18:32:34.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55706",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55706
|
55709
|
55709
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Without context can it mean a couple of things/ have a double meaning? Like\n'you're looking better' 'things are looking better' 'it looks better'\n\nThe person who said it talked about two different things that might connect to\nit before saying this, the other person's face looking unhealthy and a bad\nsituation involving the other person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T17:53:05.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55707",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T03:12:22.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "少しはマシになってきたな meaning",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "Without context, this sentence is not tricky, deep nor playful at all. It just\nsays \"(Something) is getting at least a little better than before (although\nit's still bad)\", where the subject is usually something mentioned in the\nexisting context/sentence. Perhaps you are overthinking something, or you are\nmissing some background story.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T03:12:22.163",
"id": "55721",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T03:12:22.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55707",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55707
| null |
55721
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55714",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking for home state or really any Japanese equivalent meaning? I'm\ntrying to explain why I love my hoodie with Wisconsin across the front. If\nthere isn't one I could always just reword my sentence but I was curious and\ncouldn't find anything online.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T20:02:47.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55710",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T23:11:37.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26138",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-requests",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "How would I say 'home state' in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1843
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is not an easy question because there are no \"states\" in Japan, but to\ntalk about what U.S. state someone is from, we would use:\n\n> 「出身州{しゅっしんしゅう}」\n\nMore informally:\n\n> 「生{う}まれた州{しゅう}」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T23:11:37.023",
"id": "55714",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T23:11:37.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55710",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55710
|
55714
|
55714
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I have this sentence:\n\n> 其れはスーサンの鞄です\n\nCan I restructure this sentence into:\n\n> 其の鞄はスーサンのです\n\n?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T21:05:37.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55711",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T23:27:46.187",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-05T23:27:46.187",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27206",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"particle-の",
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "其れは... and 其の... Trying to restructure sentences using both words",
"view_count": 83
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, you can.\n\n> 「それはスーサンの鞄{かばん}です。」\n\ncan be rephrased to:\n\n・「その鞄はスーサン **の** です。」\n\n・「その鞄はスーサン **のもの** です。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T23:25:17.007",
"id": "55715",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T23:25:17.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55711",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55711
| null |
55715
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55713",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「これ、ガムテープです。それも非常に粘着力のある。 **それに鋏を入れ、切れやすくしてあります** 。」\n\nThe only thing I can understand is \"切れやすい\" which means \"easy to cut\", but what\nis くしてあります doing here? Could it mean something like \"I made it (or it has been\nmade) easy to cut with scissors\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T22:11:43.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55712",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T23:00:01.040",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-05T22:43:10.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "20501",
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Understanding 切れやすくしてあります",
"view_count": 74
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「～～くしてある」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"(it has been) made/produced so that ~~\"\n\nSo, this particular type of packing tape **comes precut so it is naturally\neasy to cut**.\n\nTo mention the grammar used, 「切れやす **く** 」 is the 連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative\nform\") of 「切れやす **い** 」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T23:00:01.040",
"id": "55713",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-05T23:00:01.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55712",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55712
|
55713
|
55713
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55717",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm still learning Japanese so many of these kanji I can't even make out. This\nis the back of my great uncles grave in Hawaii and I'd appreciate if I can get\nthe kana and English translations.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4ZZkF.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-05T23:58:54.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55716",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T04:44:16.557",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-06T04:43:45.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10277",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji",
"kana"
],
"title": "Translation help of gravestone",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "It says:\n\n「千九百七年六月十二日{せんきゅうひゃくななねんろくがつじゅうににち}\n\n米領布哇{べいりょうハワイ}ニ於{おい}テ出生{しゅっせい}\n\n千九百三十八年七月七日{せんきゅうひゃくさんじゅうはちねんしちがつなのか}\n\nミシガン大學病院{だいがくびょういん}ニテ永眠{えいみん}」\n\nIt means:\n\n\"June 12th, 1907\n\nBorn in Hawaii, U.S.A.\n\nJuly 7th, 1938\n\nDeceased at the University of Michigan Hospital\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T00:16:30.617",
"id": "55717",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T04:44:16.557",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-06T04:44:16.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55716",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55716
|
55717
|
55717
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55720",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In a boxing match, a trainer is telling a boxer to stay away from the opponent\nand wait the end of the round to recover, but he doesn't listen to him. Then\nthe trainer says this sentence:\n\n> どんなハートしてんだよ、兵動【ひょうどう】！！\n\nWhat is the meaning of this expression? Does `ハート` mean `heart` here, or is it\nthe abbreviation of something else? [Here is the page it is taken\nfrom](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2g0IM.jpg). Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T02:37:05.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55718",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T03:21:28.587",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"katakana",
"manga",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of ハートしている",
"view_count": 258
}
|
[
{
"body": "する can often be translated into English as \"to have\". See: [Meaning of\n顔をする?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24713/5010) and [Use of する to\ndescribe one's colour](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23234/5010)\n\n> * 長い髪をした人\n> * 丸い形をしたコップ\n> * 複雑な構造をしたプログラム\n> * 緑色をした服\n> * 彼は戸惑った顔をしている。\n>\n\nSo どんなハートしてんだよ is \"What kind of heart do you have?\" i.e., your\nbehavior/mentality is unbelievable.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T02:58:09.873",
"id": "55720",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T03:05:42.170",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-06T03:05:42.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55718",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I think other answers explained in detail. I will analysize the meaning a\nlittle bit. The phrase goes in this way: \"全然きいていねえ！！\" \"つか前進している\"\n\"どんなハートしてんだよ、兵動！！\". My attempt translation is \"Not damaged at all!!\" \"Rather\ngetting forward!\" \"How tough you are!\" You might emphasize the boxer's\nresillience more explicitly in order to show boxer's gut reaction to\ncounteract to the opponent's attack.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T03:21:28.587",
"id": "55722",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T03:21:28.587",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55718",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55718
|
55720
|
55720
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55730",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: Person A has been talking about how they will spend their life making\nbetter some wrong by dedicating their life to helping others. In fact it's not\nreally A's fault but something their subordinates did without their knowledge,\nbut A is still accepting responsibility for it. In the course of the incident\nin question B also did bad things to A as part of trying to stop what A is now\ntaking the blame for.\n\nPerson B is, I think, not impressed with it, and might think A is dishonest.\nSo B says:\n\n> そんな綺麗事、通じない奴の方が多いぞ。 大人の社会にはな。\n\nAs far as I can figure out this means more or less:\n\n> Such whitewashing. There are so many people who simply aren't open. In the\n> world of the adults.\n\nBut I'm not sure about this at all. For one, the A is really young and could\nnot be considered adult. So I'm not sure what that part is supposed to\nindicate? That there are people who are dishonest in the adult world too?\n\nAlso I'm not sure what the 奴{やつ}の方 construct is supposed to mean. Right now I\nconsider 方 to be used here in it's \"side of argument/group\" type of meaning.\nSo \"other group of people\" would be the meant meaning here. Possibly\nindicating that the speaker is not one of these people. But I'm not sure at\nall.\n\nAnd I assume 綺麗事 is just B saying to A that they are whitewashing events, that\nis they aren't being honest.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T12:08:22.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55728",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T13:20:54.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Help with translation, 綺麗事 and 奴の方",
"view_count": 272
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「そんな綺麗事{きれいごと}、通{つう}じない奴{やつ}の方{ほう}が多{おお}いぞ。 大人{おとな}の社会{しゃかい}にはな。」\n\nAnd your TL of that is:\n\n> \"Such whitewashing. There are so many people who simply aren't open. In the\n> world of the adults.\"\n\nThe first thing I would like to point out is the possibility that you might\n**_not_** be parsing the 「通じない奴の方が多いぞ」 part. Your translation of \"open\" kind\nof worries me. It is saying that:\n\n> \"there are **_more_** people who **would not** understand or practice such\n> whitewashing/lip service **_than_** those who would.\n\n「Aの方が多い」 means \"A outnumbers (the other group).\" 「方」 is used for comparison\nbetween two items.\n\nThat is to say that 「そんな綺麗事が **通じない** 奴」 outnumber「そんな綺麗事が **通じる** 奴」.\n\nSo, the entire quote means:\n\n> \"There would be more guys who would not understand or practice such\n> whitewashing than those who would. In the adult world, that is.\"\n\nRegarding your questions:\n\n> \"A is really young and could not be considered adult. So I'm not sure what\n> that part is supposed to indicate? That there are people who are dishonest\n> in the adult world too?\"\n\nB is not saying or implying A is an adult. B is simply trying to explain to A\nwhat happens in the adult world. In fact, it sounds like B is actually\nimplying that A is **not** thinking like an adult.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T13:20:54.930",
"id": "55730",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T13:20:54.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55728",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
55728
|
55730
|
55730
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55731",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They both mean medicine. But when to use which?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T12:20:28.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55729",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T17:12:22.137",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-26T17:12:22.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "26962",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What's the difference between やく and くすり?",
"view_count": 356
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [this dictionary entry](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%96%AC)\n薬{くすり} means medicine, but 薬{やく} is a slang word for drugs/narcotics.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T13:23:11.980",
"id": "55731",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-06T13:23:11.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "55729",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55729
|
55731
|
55731
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm not really a smart fellow so, please, be gentle. I have a slight\nunclearness in the difference between noun+の+noun construction and compound\nwords. Could you help me to understand which of those examples are correct and\nwhich are not and why? And if there is more than one correct example, what is\nthe difference?\n\n 1. 空腹の野生の猫\n 2. 空腹野生の猫\n 3. 空腹の野生猫\n 4. 空腹野生猫",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-06T19:06:57.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55735",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-07T03:07:18.163",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-06T19:20:03.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "27211",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particle-の",
"compounds"
],
"title": "Compound words and の-particle",
"view_count": 462
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 1) 空腹の野生の猫\n>\n> 2) 空腹野生の猫\n>\n> 3) 空腹の野生猫\n>\n> 4) 空腹野生猫\n\nThe natural-sounding ones are 1) 「空腹の野生の猫」and 3) 「空腹の野生猫」. Between those two,\n3) sounds slighly more \"formal\" than 1) for not using 「の」 repeatedly, but both\nare equally correct.\n\n2) 「空腹野生の猫」 would have to be called \"very awkward\" and also \"incorrect\"\nbecause the double compound 「空腹野生」 is not at all common; therefore, our eyes\nand ears are not ready to take it in without feeling an amount of stress.\n\nMultiple-compound kanji terms need to be either already fairly common or\neasily predictable for the native speakers to feel comfortable with them. That\nis why a very long one such as 「早稲田大学文学部入学試験会場入口」 looks and sounds\n**_completely_** natural and \"correct\" while a much shorter 「空腹野生」 looks\nproblematic.\n\nFinally, 4) 「空腹野生猫」 is simply out of the question. You might find it in\ncreative writing, where basically everything is \"correct\" in the first place,\nyou would not use it in a composition or academic paper.\n\nEvery native speaker would certainly understand what is meant by 「空腹野生猫」 if\nyou said/wrote it, but it is just not something they would say or write in a\nnatural setting.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T03:07:18.163",
"id": "55739",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-07T03:07:18.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55735",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55735
| null |
55739
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm wondering about the difference between も and でも for their \"even\" meaning.\n\nUsing example sentences from A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar,\n\n> 私は難しい仕事 **でも** する。(original, pg 112)\n>\n> 私は難しい仕事 **も** する。(swapped for も)\n\nand\n\n> 私はこんな難しい漢字 **も** 読める。(original, pg 250)\n>\n> 私はこんな難しい漢字 **でも** 読める。(swapped for でも)\n\nAre the swapped sentences grammatically correct? If so, is there a difference\nin nuance?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T03:24:46.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55740",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-30T05:49:00.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particles",
"particle-も",
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "Meaning of も vs でも for \"even\"",
"view_count": 3551
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am not quite sure whether this is a general answer but as for the two\nexamples, they are both gramattically correct while there is a slight\ndifference in nuance. でも is more a \"even if\", while も is \"even/also\"\n\nexamples:\n\n> > 私は難しい仕事でもする。\n\n\"I will do any job EVEN IF it was difficult.\"\n\n> > 私は難しい仕事もする。\n\n\"(I will do easy jobs) AND ALSO difficult jobs.\"\n\nNote that でも is a short form of であっても or であったとしても at least for these two\nsentences.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T03:05:29.130",
"id": "55844",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T03:05:29.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27270",
"parent_id": "55740",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "There is a difference in nuance. でも implies that **\"normally it isn't but in\nthis case it is\"**.\n\n> 私は難しい仕事 **でも** する。\n\nThis implies that 通常私は簡単な仕事しかしないが・・・実は難しい仕事でもするよ。(I normally do only easy\njobs, but actually I can also do difficult ones.)\n\n> 私は難しい仕事 **も** する。\n\nThis implies that the person speaking normally does easy, (moderate), and\ndifficult jobs. No emphasis is given that s/he \"can also\" do difficult jobs.\nS/he has always done them too.\n\nLet's use another example:\n\n> この映画は小さな子ども **でも** 楽しめる。\n\nMovies like this are **normally perceived to be only enjoyable for a certain\nage group** , e.g. teens and above. However, **this particular one is actually\nenjoyable also for little kids** , like toddlers, pre-schoolers, grade school\nkids, etc.\n\n> この映画は小さな子ども **も** 楽しめる。\n\nThis movie is enjoyable also for little kids, and nothing is special about it.\nIt has always been like that.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-30T03:12:00.650",
"id": "61202",
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"score": 7
},
{
"body": "Yes, they are grammatically correct, and yes the nuance is different.\n\n「も」implies that there is a list, and that the stated item is just one item in\nthat list.「でも」could refer to the item in isolation. So in the example\nsentences:\n\n* * *\n\n> 私は難しい仕事でもする\n\nEven if the work is difficult I'll do it.\n\n_(This sentence implies that there is difficult work, but that there may not\nbe any easy work.)_\n\n> 私は難しい仕事もする。\n\nI'll do difficult work as well.\n\n_(This sentence implies that there is both difficult work and easy work.)_\n\n* * *\n\n> 私はこんな難しい漢字も読める。\n\nI can also read difficult kanji.\n\n_(This sentence implies that there are both difficult kanji and easy kanji.\nFor example: a newspaper article.)_\n\n> 私はこんな難しい漢字でも読める。\n\nEven if the kanji is difficult I can even read it.\n\n_(This sentence implies that there are difficult kanji, but that there may not\nbe any easy kanji. For example: classical Japanese texts.)_\n\n* * *\n\nThese interpretations are supported by the following unofficial sources:\n\n * [助詞関連 Q147](http://nhg.pro.tok2.com/qa/joshi-15.htm)\n * [「も」と「でも」の違い](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/6610118.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-08-30T05:49:00.987",
"id": "61205",
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61202
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"body": "On [this page](http://www.dokidoki.ne.jp/home2/doinaka/iq/iq-h/i004.html)\nabout Imabari dialect, it says the following:\n\n>\n> 笑い話によく登場する話としては「行ってこうわい」。今治では「行ってきます」という意味ですが、他の地域では「行って帰ってくる」という意味に取られます。「行ってこうわい」というからずっと待ってたのに来なかった、というのがオチです。\n\nI am not too concerned about the dialect itself, but rather the fact that the\nabove seems to imply 「行ってきます」and 「行って帰ってくる」have different meanings. (I don't\nthink difference in polite form is relevant so I will ignore that)\n\nI was fairly certain that 「行ってきます」 on its own means that someone would go and\ncome back, however if so then it would mean the same thing as 「行って帰ってくる」. By\nthe way, I have never seen this latter expression before, not sure if it is\nused often in everyday Japanese.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T04:48:16.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55741",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Difference between「行ってきます」and 「行って帰ってくる」",
"view_count": 830
}
|
[
{
"body": "Even though they mean the same thing, 行ってきます has a much greater usage when\nreferring to going and coming back. When I have been in Japan, I have never\nheard an individual use 行って帰ってくる when leaving, but instead 行ってきます.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-21T06:52:23.723",
"id": "56087",
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55741
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56087
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{
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"body": "I read a Japanese story and there is a sentence makes me confused.\n\n> 去年の秋弟が重い病気になって、働けなくなってしまった。\n>\n> 弟はいつも「 **兄さん一人に働かせて** すみません」と言っていました。\n\nIn my understanding, the 使役 grammar goes like\n\n> S は [人] を [自動詞の使役の形]\n\nSo, the bolded sentence, in this logic, should be the form of\n\n> **兄さんを働かせてすみません**\n>\n> 人 / 想像 / 知恵 を働かせる (online sentences)\n\nBack to the original sentence, which one do native speakers prefer to use, に\nor を?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T08:27:03.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55742",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-07T22:48:34.227",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"causation"
],
"title": "causasive に and を",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[] |
55742
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55764",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011277371000/k10011277371000.html>\n\nThe sentence in question: そして「これが戦争の結果だ」というローマ法王のメッセージが書いてあります。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Furthermore, the roman popes message is written\n'these are fruits of war'.\"\n\nI've seen this many times in the meantime, but I still can't really explain\nwhy 書いてあります is written here. I think the subject of this predicative is not\ndefined, and this is okay, I just wonder why no passive voice is used because\nthis would at least follow the grammar I know xD",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T11:38:23.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55743",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-08T09:40:09.997",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is it 書いてあります instead of 書かれた?",
"view_count": 344
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's because 書いてある is more common and orthodox than 書かれている (passive for\ninanimate objects), which was originally not considered grammatical and\nrelatively recently came to be accepted. In terms of modern grammar, either\nwill be fine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T09:40:09.997",
"id": "55764",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
55743
|
55764
|
55764
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011277371000/k10011277371000.html>\n\nThe sentence in question: ローマ法王は、今までも「人間は広島や長崎から何も学んでいない」などと言って、核兵器に反対してきました。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Concerning the roman pope, saying even until now\n'mankind hasn't learned anything from hiroshima and nagasaki', he began\nresisting nuclear weapons.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T11:46:36.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55744",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-07T13:39:27.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Did I interprete this 反対してきました correctly?",
"view_count": 129
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「核兵器{かくへいき}に反対{はんたい}してきました」\n\nYour translation of that is:\n\n> \"he began resisting nuclear weapons\"\n\nI must say, unfortunately, that your translation is off.\n\n> 「Verb in te-form + いく or くる」\n\n**_always_** means \" **to do something continuously for an extended period of\ntime** \".\n\nIt could never mean \"to begin to (verb)\" or \"to begin (verb)+ing\"\n\nThus, the phrase in question means:\n\n> \"he has (always) been against nuclear arms\"\n\nThe subsidiary verb 「いく」 is used to describe future actions and 「くる」, for past\nactions up to the present.\n\nくる ⇒ きた ⇒ きました\n\nThe original uses 「きました」, the polite form of 「きた」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T13:39:27.467",
"id": "55745",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-07T13:39:27.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "55744",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
55744
|
55745
|
55745
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{
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"body": "日本のスノーアクティビティを体験 If the particle を is used here shouldn't it be 体験した/する if it\nis acting like a verb?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T18:47:46.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55746",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-07T19:22:04.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"usage",
"particles"
],
"title": "Saw this sentence in the title of an article and I'm a bit confused",
"view_count": 76
}
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[
{
"body": "This is common headline style. In both English and Japanese, headlines are\nwritten in a clipped, abbreviated style. For example:\n\n> Queen to address parliament\n\nIs a perfectly normal and comprehensible headline but would be unacceptable in\nspeech or narrative prose. Omission of the する in する verbs, especially at the\nend of a headline, is common in Japanese. Here's a paper on the subject:\n\n[Transforming a Sentence End into News Headline\nStyle](http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5006)\n\nIt's not really relevant in this case because 体験 sounds fine in casual speech,\nbut another characteristic of Japanese headlines is strong reliance on 漢語,\nprobably both for formality and to save space.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T19:22:04.690",
"id": "55748",
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"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "55746",
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"score": 1
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55746
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55748
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55748
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"body": "Do stative (as opposed to eventive) predicates have an object which is marked\nby が?\n\nI'm just curious to see what other people actually think, and to hear of any\nsources where this may be analysed differently.\n\n> その質問が分からない\n\nfor me is not to be thought as it'd be in English language, that is, to think\nas the subject being an actor (and therefore the verb \"to understand\" wouldn't\nbe considered as stative). Isn't the point of stative predicates to describe a\nstate and therefore \"that problem IS not understood\" (~I don't understand that\nproblem)? This troubles me a lot. Why isn't the verb 分かる treated as \"to be\nunderstood\", a property of the SUBJECT (thus が) instead of an action (where を\nwould mark the accusative case/ the object)?\n\nSome more examples\n\n> いつも笑っている人があまり好きじゃない\n>\n> 家が見えるね！\n\nFurthermore, is it possible to use the particle は in these cases? It seems too\nemphatic to use the が particle when further context is provided\n\n> 彼女がいつも笑っている人だね。でもいつも笑っている人 **は** あまり好きじゃないんだからパーティーに行きたくないんだよ",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T19:19:32.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55747",
"last_activity_date": "2023-05-20T04:10:06.293",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-22T06:38:24.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "21774",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Do stative (as opposed to eventive) predicates have an object which is marked by が?",
"view_count": 711
}
|
[
{
"body": "わかる takes this structure:\n\n * (agent) に/が (object) が わかる\n\n好き does this way:\n\n * (agent) が (object) が 好き\n\nSo, it's not correct to think of わかる and 好き as \"to be understood\" and \"to be\nliked\" respectively because (agent) が 好き only translates to \"the agent likes\",\nnot \"the agent is liked\", for example.\n\nI personally find it easier to explain things when you think が as in (object)\nが is a kind of object marker but it depends on people.\n\nAs for using は, there are no grammatical cases that can't be topicalized, in\nshort, you can add は to whatever if you need.\n\nAs for your sentences specifically, either が or は don't change things that\nmuch, but if I dare to dig it, changing いつも笑っている人があまり好きじゃない家が見えるね to\n…笑っている人は…, could imply that the latter limits the kind that they（家）hate, while\nthe former is neutral ( **が in a clause can straightforwardly denote the\nsubject unlike in a sentence** ).\n\nAs for the second sentence, If you focus on relationship between the predicate\n(being a negative form), you may feel は more natural. On the other hand,\nhowever, you may prefer the sub clause packed tight without topicalized.\n(Incidentally, it should be あまり好きじゃないから instead of …好きじゃないんだから.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T23:49:57.780",
"id": "55752",
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"body": "Which one of the following is correct?\n\n> 1. いつお金を返して **くれます** か。\n> 2. いつお金を返して **あげます** か。\n>\n\nAnd what's the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T19:38:46.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55749",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-08T09:47:12.677",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-07T22:48:30.237",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "〜てくれますか or 〜てあげますか",
"view_count": 299
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is typically covered pretty well in Japanese textbooks, but here's the\nrough explanation:\n\nAny time you talk about an exchange between two people, there is an implied\nsocial standing. In a company, this is just the organisational hierarchy (with\npeople who are at the same level as you being \"higher\" than you), in other\nsocial situations it might be something like \"you < your family < everyone\nelse\". Sometimes, this is shown as concentric circles, starting at you and\nradiating outwards to encompass people only tangentially associated with you\n(note that 99% of the time you are the bottom of the list).\n\nIf the exchange is going up in this hierarchy (e.g. you are giving something\nto or doing something for your boss), you use あげる. If the exchange is coming\ndown the hierarchy (e.g. your mother's friend gave her something), you use\nくれる. The ～てあげる and ～てくれる forms are just used when the thing being \"given\" is\nan action, rather than a thing (i.e. doing something for someone).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-08T06:49:09.643",
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{
"body": "If you want to say \"When will you pay me back the money?\", you can say\nいつお金を返して **くれ** ますか.\n\nいつお金を返して **あげ** ますか would mean \"When will you pay back the money (to someone\n_other than me_ )\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T07:00:36.150",
"id": "55761",
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{
"body": "'Which one is correct' may not a proper question. They are used in different\nconditions.\n\n[By JEES\nguide](https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=yiYUDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B+%E3%81%82%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B+%E9%81%95%E3%81%84),\nBasically 「あげる」has meaning \"give\", but when objective is 'our man', it becomes\nto「くれる」. (Those 'our man' means me or my sided ones, such as my family, my\nworkers, my friends, etc)\n\nSo,\n\n 1. いつお金を返してくれますか means 'When will you give my/my friend's/etc money back?'\n 2. いつお金を返してあげますか means 'When will you give him/her/etc(anyone not my side) money back?'\n\nIf you let me know the context of this conversation, then it could make a\nclear correct/incorrect one.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T07:03:13.240",
"id": "55762",
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55749
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55761
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55761
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"body": "I've tried looking this up in English--Japanese dictionaries with no luck. I\ndid however get a few results in monolingual dictionaries but I still don't\nunderstand what it's supposed to mean and in what context it may be used. Any\nhelp is appreciated!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-07T21:09:27.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55750",
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"owner_user_id": "27225",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does the phrase \"返す刀\" mean?",
"view_count": 436
}
|
[
{
"body": "「返{かえ}す刀{かたな}」 is a set phrase meaning \" **attempting an attack on a second or\ndifferent party on an impetus/momentum gained from the success of one's attack\non the first or original party** \".\n\nIn other words, your second attack was encouraged by the success of your\nfirst.\n\nIt does not have to be a physical attack, let alone a sword attack as 「刀」\nmeans \"sword\". The expression is often used to describe a **_verbal_** attack.\n\nThe expression is used mostly adverbially in the form of 「返す刀 **で** + Verb\nPhrase」.\n\nFinally, I feel I would need to mention the fact that this phrase is quite\noften used incorrectly by us native speakers. That incorrect meaning is \"\n**counterattack** \" or \" **fighting back** \".\n\n[This page](http://yourei.jp/%E8%BF%94%E3%81%99%E5%88%80) will give you some\nexample sentences.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T03:32:07.933",
"id": "55755",
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"body": "> I knew that you were/are an angel\n\nI thought about using the te-form and then simply chain the two sentences \"I\nknew\" and \"you are an angel\" together.\n\n> (私は)知りまして、君は天使です\n\nI'm not quite sure for the casual form, but my guess would be 知て. (shiru, drop\nru, add ta, drop ta, add te)\n\nHowever, google translating that back into English yielded \"I know that you\nare an angel\", which is the present tense form, and with this kind of sentence\njust happens to have a completely different implied meaning.\n\nGoogle translating the English sentence into Japanese however, yielded the\nfollowing, which I do not understand: あなたが天使であることは分かっていた.\n\nI get that \"あなたが天使である\" includes the \"being/are\" meaning of the sentence, while\nI above only ended with \"です\". So the difference in meaning when using desu and\naru would be my first question.\n\nFurthermore, there is no te form or sentence chaining involved here - From\nwhat I get, こと converts the whole previous verb into a noun, so now we have\nthis huge \"you're an angel\" - noun?\n\nThen, the 分かって part seems more intuitive, simply being the past form of I\nunderstand. (although I'm not sure why we aren't using shiru here).\n\nFinally, the last part, いた, has me lost, to be honest.\n\nSo, my second question would be on how I can properly understand the Google\nTranslate translation, whether it is right or not, and whether there are any\nbetter alternatives or not.\n\nFinally, my last question is about sentence chaining in general: How do we\nknow what part comes first? Assume my translation above was correct for a\nmoment, instinctively I put the \"I know\" part first. But I can see that in\nfact, the know part should come last as it is the true verb of the sentence.\nWhat about more complex sentences? And finally, why would the following be\nwrong/unnatural: 君は天使でして私は知りました",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-08T01:09:05.490",
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"owner_user_id": "27228",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"past",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "Chaining sentences, and past form",
"view_count": 519
}
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[
{
"body": "Let me start with your second question,\n\n> So, my second question would be on how I can properly understand the\n> googletranslate translation, whether it is right or not, and whether there\n> are any better alternatives or not.\n\nFor the sentence,\n\n> I knew that you were/are an angel.\n\nthe google translation you got,\n\n> あなたが天使であることは分かっていた.\n\nis correct. It's a natural Japanese expression. Other possibility will be\n\n> * 私はあなたが天使だと知っていた。\n> * 私はあなたが天使であると知っていた。\n> * 私はあなたが天使であることを知っていた。\n>\n\nYou can omit '私は' (and in fact it's more natural to omit it). You can change\n'知っていた' to '分かっていた', and the meaning will be the same. In the last expression,\nyou can replace 'ことを' with 'ことは'.\n\nNow let me address this part:\n\n> Finally, the last part, いた, has me lost, to be honest.\n\nBasically, '知っていた' and '分かっていた' mean '(I) knew', i.e., to '知る' and to '分かる' in\nthe past. Grammatically, the past tense of these verbs are '知った' and '分かった',\nbut these emphasize the action or event of knowing something in the past. In\nother words, it is closer to \"I got to know that you are an angel (at that\ntime).\" or \"I realized that .. (at that time).\", rather than \"I have had the\nknowledge that you are an angle (since that time).\" The part 'いた' adds this\nsense of continuity. '知っていた' is made of the words '知る'+'て'+'いる'+'た', and they\nmean 'to know'+'(and)'+'to be'+'(past)', or 'have been (or was) in the state\nof knowing', or 'have had the knowledge', which is usually expressed more\nsimply as '(I) knew (something)' in English.\n\nNext, let me address this part:\n\n> Furthermore, there is no te form or sentence chaining involved here - From\n> what I get, こと converts the whole previous verb into a noun, so now we have\n> this huge \"you're an angel\" - noun?\n\nYes, 'こと' makes the huge noun. Here it makes the noun clause, 'the fact that\nyou are an angel'. The word 'こと' means 'fact', 'thing', 'event', etc. I think\nthat the correspondence between 'the fact that ..' and '..こと' holds quite\ngenerally, and that it is useful to remember it.\n\nNow, we need to talk about this part:\n\n> I get that \"あなたが天使である\" includes the \"being/are\" meaning of the sentence,\n> while I above only ended with \"です\". So the difference in meaning when using\n> desu and aru would be my first question.\n\nTo make the noun clause corresponding to 'the fact that you are an angel' from\n'あなたが天使です' and 'こと', we need to conjugate the (auxiliary) verb 'です' to the\nnoun 'こと'. Probably the conjugated form of 'です' to continue to a noun is also\n'です' (i..e, the same as the form to end the sentence), but for some reason\nit's rare to hear 'ですこと' (except in the cliche of a snobbish madam exclaiming\nsomething, as far as I can imagine). Instead, people start from a different\nexpression 'あなたが天使である' and 'こと'. The noun conjugation form of '(で)ある' is again\n'(で)ある' (i.e., the same as the ending form), and the combination becomes\n'あなたが天使であること'. So, to answer your question, there is essentially no difference\nbetween です and (で)ある in the meaning, but the latter is a preferred form when\nconjugating with a noun including こと. In addition, です is the polite form while\n(で)ある is the regular form. [You can make a polite noun clause as\n'あなたが天使でありますこと' by changing (で)ある to (で)あります.]\n\nNext, let me address this part:\n\n> Finally, my last question is about sentence chaining in general: How do we\n> know what part comes first? Assume my translation above was correct for a\n> moment, instinctively I put the \"I know\" part first. But I can see that in\n> fact, the know part should come last as it is the true verb of the sentence.\n> What about more complex sentences? And finally, why would the following be\n> wrong/unnatural: 君は天使でして私は知りました\n\nGenerally, a Japanese sentence ends with a verb. Examples are:\n\n> * I **know** something. -> 私はsomethingを **知っている** 。\n> * I **run**. -> 私は **走る** 。\n> * I **throw** a ball. -> 私はボールを **投げる** 。\n> * I **speak** Japanese. -> 私は日本語を **話す** 。\n> * I **am** an angel. -> 私は天使 **である** 。\n>\n\nThe reason why your sentence '君は天使でして私は知りました' is wrong/unnatural because it\ndoes not reflect the semantic structure that '(the fact that) you are an\nangel' is the object of the verb 'know'. To reflect the meaning correctly, you\nneed to make a noun clause out of 'you are an angel' as explained above.\n\nNow, instead of making the noun clause as 'the fact that ..', you can make a\nnoun clause simply as 'that ..'. This corresponds to '..と'. For example, the\nsentence 'あなたは(が)天使だ' can be made to a noun clause as 'あなたは（が）天使だと' and then\ncan be connected to a verb. Another example is\n\n> * She said that **she is 129 years old**. -> 彼女は、 **(彼女は)129歳だ** と言った。\n>\n\nIn this way, you can avoid inserting 'the fact' when it distorts the meaning\nthat you want to deliver. To conjugate to 'と', the preceeding verb should be\nin the form for ending the sentence. So, you can literally take one sentence\nand throw it into another one.\n\nFinally, let me address about combining sentences with 'て', which was your\ninitial target of practice. Examples of using 'て' are\n\n> * I run, and she walks. -> 私は走って、彼女は歩く。\n> * It's dark, and it's dangerous. -> 暗くて、危ない。\n>\n\nYou can generally combine two senteces with 'て' when they are combined by\n'and' in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-08T06:05:20.150",
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55753
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69952
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I searched for the answer for this specific question of mine, but couldn't\nfind it. So I'm sorry If I duplicated some thread.\n\nI was reading some stuff here about 自動詞 and 他動詞 and start wondering if all\nverbs in japanese come in transitive/intransitive pairs like 付く/付ける.\n\nIs this true?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T02:12:36.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55754",
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"owner_user_id": "26581",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Existence of Transitive/intransitive pairs",
"view_count": 420
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I was reading some stuff here about 自動詞 and 他動詞 and start wondering if all\n> verbs in japanese come in transitive/intransitive pairs like 付く/付ける. \n> Is this true?\n\nNo.\n\nMany Japanese verbs have intransitive and corresponding transitive verbs as\nwritten in the article\n[here](http://d.hatena.ne.jp/Pulin/20150214/1423890973), but there are\ntransitive verbs that do not have intransitive verbs as written in the last\npart of the article [here](https://www.alc.co.jp/jpn/article/faq/03/41.html)\nas follows.\n\n> また、すべての動作動詞が自他の対応をもつわけではなく、自動詞をもたない動詞も少なからず見られます。\n>\n> 次郎が机を叩く。 \n> 花子が荷物をもつ。\n>\n> このように、対応する自動詞をもたない動詞には、行為の対象の状態変化に無関心であるという、共通した特徴が観察されます。\n\nAccording to the explanation, \"Common features are observed in the transitive\nverbs without corresponding intransitive verbs, which are indifferent to the\nstate change of the object of action.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T06:13:56.210",
"id": "55759",
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{
"body": "Not all verbs come in transitive/intransitive pairs.\n\nQuite a few intransitive verbs have no transitive counterpart. To name a\nfew...\n\n> ある、[行]{い}く、[来]{く}る、[歩]{ある}く、[走]{はし}る、[座]{すわ}る、かみつく、そびえる、[響]{ひび}く etc...\n\n行かせる, 来させる, 歩かせる etc. are causative forms (使役形), consisting of conjugated form\n「行か」 + auxiliary 「せる」, conjugated form 「[来]{こ}」 + auxiliary 「させる」, etc.\n\n... and quite a few transitive verbs have no intransitive copunterpart. To\nname a few...\n\n>\n> [読]{よ}む、[話]{はな}す、[置]{お}く、[食]{た}べる、[殺]{ころ}す、[調]{しら}べる、[投]{な}げる、[蹴]{け}る、[打]{う}つ、もらう\n> etc...\n\nAnd, there're a few cases where the transitive verb and intransitive verb\nshare the same form, such as in:\n\n> [開]{ひら}く -- ドアが[開]{ひら}く(intransitive) / ドアを[開]{ひら}く(transitive) \n> [閉]{と}じる -- まぶたが[閉]{と}じる(intransitive) / まぶたを[閉]{と}じる(transitive)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T08:45:46.083",
"id": "55763",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T08:38:34.280",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "55754",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "They don't always come in pairs or obey the patterns, you can learn/study\nabout transitive intransitive verbs with [Japanese Verbs Transitive\nIntransitive - TaJi -\n他自](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.yamayama.taji&hl=en)\n\n*I am the developer of the app.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-22T04:18:42.320",
"id": "72654",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "35765",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
55754
| null |
55763
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55758",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "During a boxing match a spectator is congratulating a boxer for winning the\nprevious match saying this sentence:\n\n> ２回戦突破おめでとさん\n\nWhat is the meaning of おめでとさん? He his clearly congratulating the guy, so I\nthink it must come from おめでとう, but why the omission of the う and the addition\nof さん? I don't think it could really be the guy's name.\n\n[Here you can see the whole page where it is taken\nfrom.](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QBABy.jpg) Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T05:33:27.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55757",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-08T06:22:29.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"manga",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of おめでとさん",
"view_count": 633
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's one of ways to say おめでとう more friendlily. The closest translation would\nbe congrats? \nThere're similar type of words like ごくろうさん, おつかれさん, and ありがとさん.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T05:57:05.983",
"id": "55758",
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"parent_id": "55757",
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"score": 3
}
] |
55757
|
55758
|
55758
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My friend posted this and I wanted to know what it means. I can read hiragana\nand katakana and I know the first and last syllables read \"MA-DA-_____-TAI\"\n\nI can't read the Kanji in the middle. Can someone help me?? thank you!! [enter\nimage description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3QflU.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T09:45:05.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55765",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27230",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Can someone please help me read this Kanji character? (picture included)",
"view_count": 101
}
|
[
{
"body": "it's NE(寝).\n\n\"ma-da-ne-ta-i\".\n\nIt means, \"I want to sleep more\"(I don't want to wake up yet)\n\nBTW, how about using Google Translator's handwriting function from next time?\nYou can draw Kanjis by your mouse. It's very cool. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rfAzY.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T09:54:00.677",
"id": "55766",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55765
| null |
55766
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55770",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "When I type in 韓国 in Google, I find South Korea. But when I use Google\nTranslate, I find just Korea. I recently read a Japanese news article where\nthey refer 韓国 as South Korea (I think).\n\nSo what is the right way to write \"South Korea\", and what will \"Korea as a\nwhole\" be?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T11:57:55.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55767",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T00:12:28.340",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-09T07:06:23.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": "17921",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Does 韓国 mean \"South Korea\" or \"Korea as a whole\"?",
"view_count": 4803
}
|
[
{
"body": "The origin of the word \"Korea\" is 高麗(こうらい), which was a nation that existed\nfrom 918 to 1392. In that era, North Korea and South Korea were one country.\n\nNow, we commonly call South Korea 韓国 and North Korea 北朝鮮(きたちょうせん). The English\nname of South Korea is Republic of Korea and that of North Korea is Democratic\nPeople's Republic of Korea.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T13:06:10.857",
"id": "55770",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T00:12:28.340",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 18
},
{
"body": "I am Japanese. \n\n**Generally, Japanese people use...**\n\n> 韓国{かんこく}(kan koku) is South Korea.\n>\n> 北朝鮮{きたちょうせん}（kita tyousen） is North Korea.\n\n大韓民国{だいかんみんこく}（dai kan min koku） is the South Korea's official name. \n韓国{かんこく}(kan koku) is an abbreviation of 大韓民国{だいかんみんこく}（dai kan min koku）. \n\n北朝鮮{きたちょうせん}（kita tyousen） means North(北{きた}) Korea（朝鮮{ちょうせん}）. \nThe North Korea's official name is 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国{ちょうせんみんしゅしゅぎじんみんきょうわこく}（tyousen\nminsyusyugi jinmin kyouwakoku）. \n\n**Other term**\n\n> 朝鮮{ちょうせん}（tyousen）, Korea \n> 朝鮮半島{ちょうせんはんとう}（tyousen hantou）, Korean Peninsula \n> 朝鮮戦争{ちょうせんせんそう}（tyousen sensou）, Korean war",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T14:15:40.600",
"id": "55773",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T16:32:20.907",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27232",
"parent_id": "55767",
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"score": 18
},
{
"body": "There's some interesting history to why Korea is called by two different names\ndepending on which Korea you're referring to.\n\nAs some other answers have mentioned already, each Korea is referred to by\ndifferent names.\n\nApologies for the spacing, emphasis isn't playing nicely with me today.\n\n**_North Korea_** :\n\n> 北{きた} **朝鮮｛ちょうせん｝** (Short for: **朝鮮{ちょうせん}** 民主主義人民共和国{みんしゅしゅぎじんみんきょうわこく})\n>\n> North Korea (Short for: Democratic People's Republic of Korea)\n\nThis name is derived from the 조선 (朝鮮, Joseon) dynasty (the first one, often\nreferred to as Gojoseon).\n\n**_South Korea_** :\n\n> **韓国{かんこく}** (Short for: 大{だい} **韓｛かん｝** 民｛みん｝ **国｛こく｝** )\n>\n> South Korea (Short for: Republic of Korea)\n\nThis name is derived from 한국 (韓國, Hanguk) name that South Korean people call\nthemselves (people of \"Han\", or, the Han dynasty that defeated the Gojoseon\ndynasty that resulted in the 삼한 (三韓, Samhan), the three kingdoms of ancient\nKorea)\n\n**_Unified Korea_** :\n\n> 高麗｛こうらい｝\n\nThis name comes from the 고려 (高麗, Goryeo) name that Koreans gave their unified\nnation during the Common era of Korea.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T19:16:59.897",
"id": "55776",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
55767
|
55770
|
55770
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I learned hiragana in [memrise.com](http://memrise.com) which `Ri` (`り`) has\n(like in `ありがとう`) a continuous form .\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iyOAY.png)\n\nBut in most of the devices `Ri` has a discreet shape like below:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1flZy.png)\n\nSo I am confused which one is true for handwriting? Are their usage is\ndifferent?\n\nThanks for any help.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T12:40:18.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55768",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-08T12:40:18.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27231",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "True handwriting of Ri hiragana",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[] |
55768
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55772",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 多角的な視点を **持たねば** 、真実には至れないと、もはや自分は知っているのだから。\n\nI don't have the slightest idea what たねば stands for. Is that another way of\nsaying 持たなければ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T12:55:29.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55769",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T10:30:57.640",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of 持たねば?",
"view_count": 668
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ねば」 is a literary way of saying 「もし・・ないなら」; therefore, it is used to form a\nnegative if-clause.\n\n> \"Because I already know that if I don't have diversified perspectives, I\n> won't be able to reach the Truth.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T13:46:19.823",
"id": "55772",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-08T13:51:40.920",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-08T13:51:40.920",
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},
{
"body": "I don't know the reason, but since the two comments posted by me to OP's\nquestion were erased, I'll post nearly the same content as the comments as an\nanswer.\n\n> Is that another way of saying 持たなければ?\n\nYes.\n\nねば means 「もし・・ないなら」 as is written in l'électeur's answer (+1 upvote).\n\nThe most important information about ねば in 持た **ねば** is that it is an **old\nexpression** of Japanese language for なければ in 持た **なければ**.\n\nThis expression is still relatively commonly used even now, as well as in\nwritten language, but sometimes used in spoken language. \nHowever, since it comes from an old expression, there is a feeling/nuance of\nmasculine, old fashioned, dignified and/or arrogant.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-10T03:31:47.453",
"id": "55811",
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55769
|
55772
|
55772
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55778",
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"body": "My teacher said that it is strange to say おはようございます to parents, brothers and\nsisters at home. Is it true?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T22:02:14.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55777",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "Is it strange to say おはようございます to family members at home?",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "True for some families and not true for others. Each family is different.\n\n「おはよう」 would be used in more families than 「おはようございます」 is, but this is\nstrictly a personal choice, so calling using the longer version \"strange\" is a\nlittle too much IMHO.\n\nWhich one to use can also depend on who is talking to who within the family.\nVery few, if any, parents would say 「おはようございます」 to their kids, but the reverse\nis seen more often.\n\nBetween siblings, 「おはようございます」 would be very rare, but it is not rare at all to\nsay it to your elder siblings-in-law.\n\nBetween older married couples, it is not uncommon for the wives to say\n「おはようございます」 to their husbands.\n\nSo, in conclusion, what we really never say to family members are 「こんにちは」 and\n「こんばんは」 and certainly not 「おはようございます」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T22:42:23.497",
"id": "55778",
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"score": 3
}
] |
55777
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55778
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55778
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55783",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From a short article on tax:\n\n>\n> もし税金が加わらなければもっと安いのになあ、と残念な気がします。また、会社から給料をもらったときも同じような気持ちになります。全体の給料から税金が引かれる\n> **ので** 、実際に受け取れる金額が少なくなる **から** です。\n\nI'm unsure about the final sentence - why is から used at the end? I think the\nwhole sentence means something like \"Since tax is taken from salary as a\nwhole, the amount received in practice decreases\". The first clause is the\ncause and the second clause is the effect, but it seems both clauses as being\nmarked as causes with ので and から respectively.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T22:46:38.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55779",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T09:38:51.980",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-09T09:38:51.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"reason"
],
"title": "Both ので and から in one sentence",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's explaining the previous sentence. Your translation of the last sentence\nlooks good to me, but you've omitted translating the last \"から\". If you include\nboth it and the previous sentence in your translation, I think it becomes\nclearer.\n\n> Also, when receiving salary from (my) company, (I) feel the same way.\n> **Because** since tax is taken from salary as a whole, the amount received\n> in practice decreases.\n\nAlthough obviously this is slightly awkward English. You can also reorganize\nthe Japanese to just put the sentence ending in \"から\" first and the meaning is\nbasically the same, though it gets pretty verbose.\n\n> また、（全体の給料から税金が引かれるので、実際に受け取れる金額が少なくなるから）会社から給料をもらったときも同じような気持ちになります。\n\nWhen you see a sentence that ends with から like \"...からです\" or \"...からだ\", it's\noften a good hint that the sentence is being used to explain/as the reason for\nsomething else. A comparable phrase in English might be \"It's/That's\nbecause...\". Just be careful not to mix it up with \"から\" for descriptions of\ntime, like ”仕事は朝の9時からです\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T01:21:16.260",
"id": "55783",
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"score": 3
}
] |
55779
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55783
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55783
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55781",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does にも mean in this sentence?\n\n> ムン大統領は、北朝鮮の選手たちにもオリンピックに出てほしいと考えています。\n\n([full text\nhere](https://www.reddit.com/r/NHKEasyNews/comments/7o9kap/01052018_%E9%9F%93%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%A8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93%E3%81%AF%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E3%82%92%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84/))\n\nI've found a topic where にも is discussed but it's not the same context and the\nexplanations doesn't suit if I understand well: [What is the function of にも in\nthis sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18769/what-is-\nthe-function-of-%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82-in-this-sentence)\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T22:57:53.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55780",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-08T23:38:41.630",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-08T23:36:02.207",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of にも?",
"view_count": 7602
}
|
[
{
"body": "Let us first get this usage of 「に」 down.\n\n> 「Person + **に** + Verb in te-form + ほしい」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"(Someone) wants (Person) to (verb).\"\n\nThe particle needs to be 「に」 there; No other will work.\n\nSo, adding a 「も」 should not make it any more difficult.\n\n> 「Person + **にも** + Verb in te-form + ほしい」\n\nthus means:\n\n> \"(Someone) wants (Person) **also** to (verb), too.\"\n\nThe \"also\" modifies (Person) here.\n\n> \"President Moon would like the North Korean athletes also to participate in\n> the Olympics.\"\n\nI hope you understand now that it is not possible to translate 「にも」 all by\nitself.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-08T23:35:10.927",
"id": "55781",
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"parent_id": "55780",
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"score": 6
}
] |
55780
|
55781
|
55781
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55786",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Page 79 of Fluent Forever's \"Awesome Word List\" for Japanese gives 僧侶 as the\nJapanese word for \"priest\", listed just after \"教会\" for \"church\". How suitable\nis it for \"priest\", if at all?\n\nDoing a google image search for \"僧侶\" mainly gave Buddhists (though that could\nbe because more Chinese-speakers and Japanese-speakers are Buddhists than\nChristians), the [English language\nWiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BE%B6#Japanese)\ntranslates it as Buddhist monks, while jisho.org says \"priest; monk -\nBuddhist term\" (seemingly saying that both \"priest\" and \"monk\" are Buddhist\nterms). The Japanese language's disambiguation page for\n[僧侶](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BE%B6_\\(%E6%9B%96%E6%98%A7%E3%81%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF\\))\nhas mention of Christianity.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T10:04:43.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55785",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T12:44:11.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"religion"
],
"title": "How suitable is \"僧侶\" for \"priest\"?",
"view_count": 979
}
|
[
{
"body": "僧侶 (僧) is sometimes used as a catch-all term for priests and monks of non-\nAsian religions. This is typically true for imaginary religions in fiction.\nFor example [priests/僧侶 in _Dragon Quest_\nfranchise](http://dragonquest.wikia.com/wiki/Priest) do not look like that of\nBuddhism at all.\n\n僧侶 is rare for Christian clergies because Christianity has the set of better-\nknown terms like 修道士.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T11:13:33.417",
"id": "55786",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T12:44:11.223",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-09T12:44:11.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55785",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
55785
|
55786
|
55786
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55788",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "# Case A\n\nWhen a police prompts me to show my id card, he might say:\n\n> 在留カードを見せてください！\n\nI am not sure whether it is natural if he says:\n\n> 在留カードを見させてください！\n\n# Case B\n\nA boy enters an emergency room where his brother's wound is being sutured by a\ndoctor. In order to avoid mental disturbance, his father covers the boy's eyes\nbut he insists on seeing and says:\n\n> 見させてください！\n\nI am sure it is impossible to use\n\n> 見せてください！\n\nin this case.\n\n# Question\n\nIs there any case in which 見せてください and 見させてください are interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T12:01:51.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55787",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T12:22:34.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is there any case in which 見せてください and 見させてください are interchangeable?",
"view_count": 158
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think Case B can be interchangeble.\n\n> 見させてください！\n\nLet me see! (You are asking the dad for you to see him)\n\n> 見せてください！\n\nPlease show me! (You are asking the dad not to hide him)\n\n\"在留カードを見させてください.\" is a bit odd for me if a policeman stops you to check it.\nSince normally he is an authority, they should use \"在留カードを見せてください\" when they\nstop you. I think \"在留カードをもう一度見させてください\" is fine for making sure the number or\nsomethiing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T12:22:34.030",
"id": "55788",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T12:22:34.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55787",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55787
|
55788
|
55788
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55790",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This line happens just before my\n[previous](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/55728/help-with-\ntranslation-%E7%B6%BA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%8B-and-%E5%A5%B4%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9)\nquestion.\n\nIt is preceded by the following text:\n\n> そやから私は管理局に入れてもらって、 この夜天の力で働こうと思ってる。\n>\n> 自分の命を使って、人を救うための仕事をする。 そう決めてる。\n\nWhich roughly meany IMO:\n\n> That’s why I’m planning on entering the Administration Bureau to work this\n> power of the Night Sky.\n>\n> To spend my life working there for the sake of saving people. Such is my\n> decision.\n\nAnd those two are probably pretty much correct. Might need some brushing up to\nflow better, but the following one is a bit trickier.\n\n> 理不尽な出来事に悲しむ人を、 ひとりでも多く助けていくために。\n\nProblem here is twofold. Grammatical/meaning and overall context wise.\n\nThe first part of it is easy enough. It's \"Sad people in preposterous\nsituations\" (probably could replace preposterous with unbelievable. But in the\nnext part segmentation is probably:\n\n> ひとりでも - 多く - 助けていく - ために。\n\nI assume ひとりで is personally and も is there to modify the personally into kinda\neven personally. Like she would like for people to be saved by her personally\nif possible.\n\nIn the next bit there is 多く used as an adverb? For the love of God I can't\nfind many examples of it being used as such. Most seem to use it as\n\"adjective\" 多くの. So what is it's function here? To say that she wants to do\nmuch of such saving?\n\nSo the sentence would read as\n\n> For the sake of saving many sad people in unimaginable circumstances, (even)\n> by my own hands.\n\nAlthough I guess I can also see the segmentation like this:\n\n> ひとり - でも - 多く - 助けていく - ために。\n\nWhich would mean something more along the lines of:\n\n> In order to save even just one sad person in... (etc.) although I want to\n> save many.\n\nAlthough that reading doesn't really fit the usual\n[pattern](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E5%A4%9A%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AE%22)\nof such sentences.\n\nSoo, how IS ひとりでも多く助けていくために。supposed to be understood. Especially given that\nshe has already said she will dedicate her life to saving people.\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T15:41:04.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55789",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T16:17:22.790",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-09T16:09:56.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "ひとりでも and 多く usage and translation advice",
"view_count": 429
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think [this answer explains it\nwell.](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1432201464) I\nwould almost say that the expression 一人でも多く can be seen as somewhat of an\nidiom (i.e. is to be understood as a whole). As the answer explains this is an\ninstance of 例示{れいじ}, meaning exemplification. In your case the narrator wishes\nto save many lives, but in the usual (japanese) way of not sounding too\noverconfident about one's personal ability, saving just one person would be\nplenty to be thankful for.\n\nThis is an instance of using the exact opposite example of what you actually\nwant. But you have to keep in mind that what is meant is not what is written\nso this does not mean the narrator wants to save at least one person, it means\nthe narrator wants to save many. The meaning is implicit and not explicit.\n\nA translation which reinforces my answer is given\n[here](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10139758355).\nFor the sentence\n\n> 一人でも多くの命を助けたい\n\nthe answer gives the translation\n\n> I want to save as many lives as possible.\n\nIn your case you could maybe just add a relative clause. I'm not sure if it\nmakes sense to directly translate this notion of _many_ in your sentences\n(unless of course you need a direct translation and not mere paraphrasing). I\npersonally would probably write something along the lines of (using your\nwording)\n\n> To spend my life working there for the sake of saving people, especially\n> those sad people in preposterous circumstances . Such is my decision.\n\nFor the grammar I cannot help you. But at least this should help with\nunderstanding. If you need 多くの for understanding you can just rewrite your\nsentence to\n\n> 理不尽な出来事に悲しむ人を、 ひとりでも多くの命を助けていくために\n\nor something.\n\n* * *\n\nAddendum: If it does not make sense to you why you would phrase a wish by\nusing using an example of the exact opposite, I think the example sentence\nfrom the first link is maybe better to build intuition:\n\n> 忙しくて忙しくて、誰でもいいから一人でも多くの人に手伝ってもらいたい\n\nHere it should be abundantly clear that the author requires help urgently, and\nmore help is always better. This sense of urgency is exemplified by saying\nthat the author would be thankful for even just one person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T16:12:08.877",
"id": "55790",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T16:17:22.790",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-09T16:17:22.790",
"last_editor_user_id": "26242",
"owner_user_id": "26242",
"parent_id": "55789",
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"score": 2
}
] |
55789
|
55790
|
55790
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55829",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> どうしたの \n> どうした \n> どうしたんですか \n> どうしましたか\n\nThey all mean what happened. But what's the difference in between? Feel free\nto add examples. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T16:20:41.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55791",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T17:10:35.773",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-26T17:10:35.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "26962",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"politeness",
"questions",
"no-da"
],
"title": "どうしたの, どうした, どうしたんですか, どうしましたか？",
"view_count": 2023
}
|
[
{
"body": "Well the last one is just the polite form. The first one, の, is a casual\nquestion marker, mostly used by women. のです you can find literally dozens of\ndiscussions and explanations about that all over the internet. It's just\nemphasis or it makes it sound like the person is \"pressing\" for an answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T19:22:43.653",
"id": "55794",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T19:22:43.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22363",
"parent_id": "55791",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
},
{
"body": "The only difference is in the formality levels. All four phrases mean \"What\nhappened?\" or \"What's wrong?\", depending on the context.\n\nTo put the four phrases in the order of formality, we will have:\n\n> 1) どうしましたか\n>\n> 2) どうしたんですか\n>\n> 3) どうしたの\n>\n> 4) どうした\n\nIs 1) **_very_** formal then? No, it is not because it uses 「する」, which is not\nvery formal at all. More formal than 1) would include:\n\n・どう（or いかが）なさいましたか\n\n・どう（or いかが）されましたか\n\n「いかが」 is more formal than 「どう」. In my experience, very few Japanese-learners\ncan use freely and correctly the formal versions of the wh-words. Since 「いかが」\nis formal, it is **_not_** to be used with 3) and 4) above. You will sound\nmore than weird if you do, I promise.\n\nIf you are an adult speaker talking to another (a stranger) on the street, you\nwould probably use any of the phrases listed above (including the two I added)\n**_except for_** 「どうしたの」 and 「どうした」.\n\nYou can use 「どうしたの」 and 「どうした」 when talking to (close) friends, your own\nstudents, kids (either your own or strangers'), etc. The slight difference\nbetween those two is the fact that the former sounds a little softer than the\nlatter.\n\nFinally, absolutely none of the phrases we discussed above are gender-\nspecific. There seems to exist much misunderstanding among J-learners\nregarding the sentence-enders such as 「の」, 「わ」, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T17:30:32.687",
"id": "55829",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T17:30:32.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55791",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
55791
|
55829
|
55829
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55819",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For full context:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011281951000/k10011281951000.html>\n\nThe sentence in question:\nＮＨＫが東京の２３の区に聞くと、新しい成人は約８万３４００人でした。このうち約１万８００人が外国人で、８人のうち１人が外国人でした\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"When NHK asks in the 23 sections of Tokyo, the new\nadults were 83400. With 18000 among these being foreigners, among 8 there was\n1 foreigner.\"\n\nI don't know of any other function of と than conditional, quotation, contrast\nand \"and/with\". However, I feel like it takes the function of とき, but I didn't\ndare to just translate it like that. The translation with conditional と also\nseems kinda flawed though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T17:49:37.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55792",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T10:51:53.803",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-09T18:10:57.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Why is と used in a seemingly temporal meaning here?",
"view_count": 164
}
|
[
{
"body": "This website explains better than I can: <http://www014.upp.so-\nnet.ne.jp/nbunka/99jan.htm>. And also\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/17222/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8/>. It is\nsimply just one thing happens, then immediately something else happens,\nusually a surprising or unexpected event.\n\nBtw, I think your translation sounds a bit unnatural in the second sentence.\nThis is just how I would put it: \"Among these, 18,000 people were foreigners,\nwith 1 in 8 people being a foreigner.\" Hope I helped.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T19:18:32.317",
"id": "55793",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-09T19:18:32.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22363",
"parent_id": "55792",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> 「ＮＨＫが東京{とうきょう}の２３の区{く}に聞{き}く **と**\n> 、新{あたら}しい成人{せいじん}は約{やく}８万{まん}３４００人{にん}でした。このうち約１万８００人が外国人{がいこくじん}で、８人のうち１人が外国人でした。」\n\nThe usage of 「と」 here is to describe the (natural) result of an action.\n\n> 「Phrase A + **と** + Phrase B」\n>\n> = \"B happens as a natural result of A.\"\n\nThus, this 「と」 is like a cross beween \"if\" and \"when\". The problem, however,\nis that if you actually used \"if\" or \"when\" in your translation, it would\noften end up sounding awkward or unnatural. Please always remember that\nquality translation between two linguistically unrelated languages like\nJapanese and English does not work like science. It is an art.\n\nMy own TL if I had to do a TL:\n\n> \"Upon inquiry to the 23 wards of Tokyo, NHK found out that there were\n> approximately 83,400 new-born adults. Among them, about 18,000 were\n> foreigners, resulting in 1 out of every 8 of them being foreigners.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T10:51:53.803",
"id": "55819",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T10:51:53.803",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55792",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55792
|
55819
|
55819
|
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