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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55806",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> お汁粉は、 **甘く{あまく}** 煮た小豆の汁に餅などを入れた温かい食べ物です。 \n> Oshiruko is a hot food with a rice cake in a _sweetly_ boiled adzuki bean\n> broth.\n\nI think I must be misunderstanding how 甘く is used here, since you can't boil\nsomething in a sweet way.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T20:49:24.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55796",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-12T08:00:37.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "How does 甘く work in this sentence?",
"view_count": 564
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's 結果構文 (Resultative Construction). The continuative form of an adjective\n(甘く here) represents the resultant state caused by the action (煮る). So 甘く煮る\nmeans \"to boil/cook/stew and make sweet\" (≂ 煮て甘くする), or \"to boil/cook/stew in\nsuch a way that it will become sweet, by adding sugar\" (≂ (砂糖で)甘くなるように煮る),\ni.e. \"boil with sugar\".\n\nLike in this phrase, I think 煮る can include the process of flavoring -- you 煮る\nthe ingredient in flavored water when you make [煮豆]{にまめ}, [煮魚]{にざかな}, シチュー\netc. where the food is usually served with the flavored water. When you boil\nthe food in unflavored water and drain it, like when you boil 卵, [蕎麦]{そば},\nパスタ, vegetables for お[浸]{ひた}し etc, you use the verb [茹]{ゆ}でる.\n\ncf: 「魚を[甘辛]{あまから}く[煮付]{につ}ける」 \n\"boil/simmer fish in a way that it will be sweet and salty\" \n→ \"boil/simmer fish with soy sauce and sugar\".\n\nA few more examples of 結果構文:\n\n> [壁]{かべ}を[白]{しろ}く[塗]{ぬ}る (≂ 壁を塗って白くする) -- paint a wall white \n> [部屋]{へや}をきれいに[掃除]{そうじ}する (≂ 部屋を掃除してきれいにする) -- sweep a room clean \n> ご[飯]{はん}をおいしく[炊]{た}く -- make good boiled rice \n> [靴]{くつ}をピカピカに[磨]{みが}く -- polish/shine shoes well \n> [髪]{かみ}を[短]{みじか}く[切]{き}る -- cut one's hair short \n> [息子]{むすこ}を[立派]{りっぱ}に[育]{そだ}てる -- bring up one's son to be a\n> fine/respectable man",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T01:39:38.943",
"id": "55806",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "「甘｛あま｝く煮｛に｝た小豆｛あずき｝の汁｛しる｝」⇔「煮て甘くする」 \n「壁｛かべ｝を白｛しろ｝く塗｛ぬ｝る」⇔「壁を塗って白くする」 \n「部屋｛へや｝をきれいに掃除｛そうじ｝する」⇔「部屋を掃除してきれいにする」 \n「ご飯｛はん｝をおいしく炊｛たく｝く」⇔「ご飯を炊いておいしくする」 \n基本的｛きほんてき｝にChocolateさんの回答｛かいとう｝は合｛あ｝っていると思｛おも｝います（+1 upvote）\n\nしかし、質問者｛しつもんしゃ｝やgoldbrickさんが素朴｛そぼく｝に疑問｛ぎもん｝を感｛かん｝じているように「煮ただけで甘くなるのか？」「壁を塗っただけで白くなるのか？」「ご飯を炊いただけでおいしくなるのか？」という疑問｛ぎもん｝が残｛のこ｝ります。また、意味｛いみ｝を理解｛りかい｝するために語順｛ごじゅん｝が大｛おお｝きく変｛か｝わるのも何｛なん｝だかすっきりしないと感｛かん｝じていることだと思｛おも｝います。\n\nRohan 露伴さんの回答｛かいとう｝にある「甘く煮る means boil and sweeten with\nsugar」や、Chocolateさんの回答の中にある \"boil with sugar\" が基本的に正｛ただ｝しい理解だと思います。（+1 upvote）\n\n私は、Rohan 露伴さんの解釈｛かいしゃく｝方法｛ほうほう｝に加｛くわ｝えて次｛つぎ｝のように理解しています。\n\n * 「甘く煮た小豆の汁」⇔「甘く（なるように砂糖｛さとう｝や味醂｛みりん｝などの甘味料｛かんみりょう｝を適切｛てきせつ｝な量｛りょう｝ 入｛い｝れて、更｛さら｝に火加減｛ひかげん｝を良｛よ｝く見｛み｝て丁寧｛ていねい｝に）煮た小豆の汁」の括弧｛かっこ｝の中｛なか｝が隠｛かく｝された表現｛ひょうげん｝です。\n * 「壁を白く塗る」⇔「白く（なるように白い塗料｛とりょう｝で丁寧に）壁を塗る」\n * 「ご飯をおいしく炊く」⇔「ご飯がおいしく（でき上｛あが｝るように米｛こめ｝を良｛よ｝く研｛と｝いで水｛みず｝の分量｛ぶんりょう｝を正｛ただ｝しく計｛はか｝り、火加減｛ひかげん｝を上手｛じょうず｝に調整｛ちょうせい｝して）炊｛た｝く」\n\nいずれの表現｛ひょうげん｝でも、単｛たん｝に「煮る」「塗る」「炊く」ではなく、最終｛さいしゅう｝結果｛けっか｝である「甘い小豆」「白い壁」「おいしいご飯」という結果を満足｛まんぞく｝に得｛う｝るために、括弧｛かっこ｝の中｛なか｝に記載｛きさい｝したような必要｛ひつよう｝な作業｛さぎょう｝を正｛ただ｝しくしかも心｛こころ｝を込｛こ｝めて実施｛じっし｝するということが隠｛かく｝された表現｛ひょうげん｝です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T05:00:21.583",
"id": "55848",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-12T08:00:37.000",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-12T08:00:37.000",
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"parent_id": "55796",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55796
|
55806
|
55806
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55799",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011281951000/k10011281951000.html>\n\nThe sentence in question: ８日は、２０歳になって新しく成人した人をお祝いする成人の日でした。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"About the 8th, it was the day of adults...\" I\ncan't really translate any further. My translation makes so little sense then\nit gives me a headache.\n\nThe particle を requires a direct object, and this object would have to be\nお祝いする。If I regarded お祝いする as an attribute of its own to 成人, it couldn't be\ninterpreted as an object in context of the ２０歳になって新しく成人した人を clause anymore.\nHowever, if I don't regard it as an attribute of 成人, then I could\ntheoretically interprete it as the noun お祝い representing the direct object in\nthe ２０歳になって新しく成人した人を phrase. Then する would be the predicative of the\n２０歳になって新しく成人した人をお祝い phrase, which seems possible in theory, but then again\nfeels wrong because I've never before analysed a する verb that way. Rather I\nregarded them as one syntactical unit amounting to a predicative in the\nrespective clause. Anyway, even in this latter case I just described, the\ntranslation I could come up with doesnt make much sense anyway and also\nprobably doesn't even correctly reflect the syntax I assumed: \"About the 8th,\nit was the day of adults who gift newly grown up adults becoming 20.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T21:13:56.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55797",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do these attributes work together",
"view_count": 73
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ８日は、２０歳になって新しく成人した人をお祝いする成人の日でした。\n\nIn it simplest form this sentence is\n\n> ８日は成人の日でした。 \n> The 8th (of January) was 'Coming of Age' day.\n\nThe rest of the sentence is a relative clause modifying 成人の日. What kind of day\nis it?\n\n> 人をお祝いする成人の日 \n> A coming of age day where we celebrate people.\n\nWhat kind of people do we celebrate? This is another relative clause modifying\n人:\n\n> ２０歳になって新しく成人した人 \n> People who became 20 years old and newly achieved adulthood.\n\nOverall:\n\n> ８日は、２０歳になって新しく成人した人をお祝いする成人の日でした。 \n> The 8th was Coming of Age Day where we celebrate people who have become 20\n> years old and have newly reached adulthood.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T21:59:06.300",
"id": "55799",
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"parent_id": "55797",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55797
|
55799
|
55799
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nHello. I've circled characters I cannot recognise. The top one looks like を\nbut there is an actual をnext to it and it looks different. Why? The middle one\nis ゆ in my opinion. But I'm not sure about that. Why does it look different to\nthe usual ゆ? And according to my research the bottom one is ず. But again I\nhave to ask why is there another ずand it doesn't look like that? Thank you all\nfor your answers!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T22:17:09.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55800",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T07:37:08.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27252",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 16,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "I cannot recognise this kana",
"view_count": 2128
}
|
[
{
"body": "They're [hentaigana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentaigana), forms which\nwere used before the 1900 script reform. From top to bottom: な、ゆ、ず.\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rYJey.jpg)\n>\n> [Source](http://users.monash.edu/%7Ejwb/rose.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T22:57:57.103",
"id": "55801",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T07:37:08.357",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "55800",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 32
}
] |
55800
| null |
55801
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55813",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011281951000/k10011281951000.html>\n\nThe sentence in question:\n\n> 文京区は、新しい成人をお祝いする成人式に外国人にも出てもらおうと考えて、やさしい日本語と英語で書いた手紙を送りました。\n\nMy attempt at translation:\n\n> \"Concerning the Bunkyo Civic center, considering to get the foreigners to\n> come to come-of-age ceremony, where one gives gifts to the new adults, one\n> sent letters which one has written in friendly english and japanese.\"\n\nFirst, I hope I translated the intentional form もらおう here correctly. Im also\nnot sure wether I interpreted the second meaning for もらう correctly here\n<http://jisho.org/search/morau>.\n\nMy main issue here is 成人式に外国人に. I think 成人式に expresses a direction here in\nrelation to the verb 出る for which I used the meaning \"to come to\". 外国人に is a\nbit harder for me, since \nA) I'm not sure what particle もらう demands when it has the meaning \"to get\nsomeone to do something\". \nB) I am always a bit confused when a complex block of verbal expressions\nbasically acts on two nouns. Syntactically, I think 外国人 must be the object of\nthe predicative 出てもらおうと考えて, and would probably be categorized as an adverbial\nwith local information. But I'm not sure, since I think that the verb 出る in\nthe meaning \"to come to\" definitely requires an object, which would be 成人式. If\nthats true then the verbal expression 成人式に出る would be nested into the verbal\nexpression 外国人にもらおうと考えて which itself required a verb (here 出る) to have the\nmeaning \"to get someone to do something\". All these relations really make me\nskeptic of my interpretation, since I dont really know how to understand whats\ngoing on and therefore I cant be sure that I got it right ^^",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-09T23:52:44.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55802",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T04:56:39.317",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-10T04:56:39.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does 外国人にも出てもらおうと考えて work here",
"view_count": 332
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you understand the meaning of もらう correctly: \"to get someone to do~~\".\nYou also understand the relation of 成人式に and 出る correctly: \"to come to the\nceremony\".\n\n成人式に marks the direction (or the indirect object) of the verb 出る (≂ 出席する),\n\"attend the ceremony.\"\n\n「(人)に～～してもらう」 means \"to get/have someone (to) do~~\", so 外国人にも出てもらう means \"to\nget foreigners to attend as well (as Japanese)\".\n\n> 文京区は、「新しい成人をお祝いする成人式に外国人にも出てもらおう」と考えて、やさしい日本語と英語で書いた手紙を送りました。\n\nSo the sentence roughly means:\n\n_lit._ Bunkyo Ward thought \"Let's get foreigners as well to attend the coming-\nof-age ceremony where we congratulate new adults\", and sent letters that they\nhad written in simple Japanese and English.\n\n→ \"Bunkyo Ward sent letters written in simple Japanese and English, hoping\nthat foreigners would also attend the coming-of-age ceremony for\ncongratulating new adults.\"\n\nThe (～を)お祝いする means \"celebrate/congratulate\", and やさしい here means\n\"simple/easy\" (≂ [易]{やさ}しい, not [優]{やさ}しい).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T04:06:27.167",
"id": "55813",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-10T04:14:40.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "55802",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55802
|
55813
|
55813
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55805",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011281951000/k10011281951000.html>\n\nThe sentence in question: 式の話を英語で聞くことができる機械も用意しました。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"They also prepared a machine which can hear the\nceremonys speech in english.\"\n\nFirst, I am really skeptical of my translation \"a machine which can hear...\".\nI'd rather think that this is a machine with which YOU can hear the speech in\nenglish too, although this is indeed somehow included in the statement that\n\"the machine\" can hear the speech in english.\n\nSecond, What machine are they talking about? I think they offer interpreters\nbroadcasting simultaneous interpreting on a channel or something the like. But\nwhy is this expressed through the term \"machine\"??? Or are they talking about\na kind of machine I simply have no clue about???^^",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T00:04:51.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55803",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T00:54:21.817",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What machine are they talking about here?",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "式の話を英語で聞くことができる is a relative clause modifying 機械. The non-relative version of\nthis noun phrase would be:\n\n> 「その機械 **で** 、式の話を英語で聞くことができる。」 (← The subject is unmentioned/implied 人) \n> \"With that machine, one/you/they can hear the ceremony speeches in\n> English.\"\n\nTo turn it back into the relative phrase:\n\n> 「［式の話を英語で聞くことができる］機械」 (← で goes missing) \n> \"A machine [with which one/you/they can hear the ceremony speeches in\n> English]\" \n> (i.e. \"A device that enables you to hear the ceremony speeches in English\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T00:36:24.173",
"id": "55805",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T00:54:21.817",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-10T00:54:21.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "55803",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55803
|
55805
|
55805
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I've come across 2 ways of asking someone to do something for you: てください and\nてくれます\n\nI'd like to know the difference between them",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T01:49:40.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55807",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T11:24:11.727",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between てください and てくれます?",
"view_count": 383
}
|
[
{
"body": "てください is a formal way to request someone to do something for you. For example,\n\n> たべてください (\"Please eat.\")\n\nFor てくれます, I think you are referring to てくれませんか.\n\nてくれませんか, according to the Genki textbook (Second Edition), is \"roughly equal\nin the degree of politeness to てください\". So you can say,\n\n> いっしょに たべませんか. (\"Would you like to go eat with me?\")\n\nIf you want to sound casual with てくれませんか, you can use てくれない.\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T02:12:25.693",
"id": "55808",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T02:12:25.693",
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{
"body": "The only difference is in the politeness levels.\n\n「～～てください」 sounds a little bit politer than 「～～てくれます」 with a **_rising_**\nintonation at the end. (「～～てください」 is pronounced with a **_falling_**\nintonation at the end.)\n\nThe latter (along with 「～～てもらえます」 also with a rising intonation at the end)\nhas gained much popularity among the younger generations in the last couple of\ndecades. Quite frankly, I do not remember hearing either of those as a kid\nvery often and as a natural result, I do not use them myself.\n\nI assure you, however, that both 「くれます」 and 「もらえます」 are now very commonly\nheard in stores and eateries to make requests. Mind you, those are used by the\ncustomers and not the clerks. That fact alone should show just how not-so-\npolite those two expressions are.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T11:24:11.727",
"id": "55821",
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"parent_id": "55807",
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}
] |
55807
| null |
55821
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55814",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> あの人を匿うことで迷惑な事態 **にならないとも限りません** 。\n\nI'm having trouble interpreting the above phrase especially the とも。\n\nWould it mean something like\n\n\"Hiding that person might cause trouble(?)\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T02:20:28.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55809",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T05:20:38.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "How do I interpret にならないとも限りません?",
"view_count": 114
}
|
[
{
"body": "～と **は** 限りません is a set phrase that means \"You cannot take it for granted that\n～\", \"It's not always true that ～\". You can find examples\n[here](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8E%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-towa-\nkagiranai/). This と is a quotative particle, は is a topic marker. ～ないとは限りません\nis a double-negative expression which effectively means \"It's possible that\n～\".\n\nYou can replace this は with も and say ～と **も** 限りません, which also means the\nsame thing.\n\nThe difference between ～とは限りません and ～とも限りません is small, but the former sounds a\nlittle more direct and the latter sounds a little more reserved. This is one\nof the basic roles of the particle も. See: [What is the difference between\n「とは限らない」and 「とも限らない」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55266/5010)\n\n> あの人を匿うことで迷惑な事態にならないとも限りません。 \n> You cannot assume you won't run into trouble by sheltering that person. \n> (i.e., You may run into trouble if you hide that person.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T04:28:37.913",
"id": "55814",
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"parent_id": "55809",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55809
|
55814
|
55814
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55815",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been translating mini comics to practice my Japanese and I came across\nthis sentence:\n\n> 仲間でも家族でもないそれは魅力的に映った、とても。\n\nWhat exactly do they mean? I know the meaning of the words and kanji but I\ncan't translate it because I don't understand. I think it may mean, \"neither\nfriends (comrades) nor family, that seemed very attractive,\" quite literally.\nCan someone give me a proper translation and/or explanation of how exactly\nthis sentence works?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T03:41:51.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55812",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T07:37:52.837",
"last_edit_date": "2021-02-08T07:37:52.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27255",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「～でも～でもない」?",
"view_count": 1985
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you don't know Japanese relative clauses yet, please [learn them\nfirst](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010). If you already know\nrelative clauses, 仲間でも家族でもない is just another relative clause that modifies それ\n(=\"it\"). ～でも～でもない is simply \"to be neither ～ nor ～\".\n\nIf it's really the very first sentence of the story, no one can understand\nwhat それ refers to at this point. Probably それ will be explained later in the\nstory.\n\n> 仲間でも家族でもないそれは魅力的に映った、とても。 \n> It, being neither \"buddy\" nor \"family\", appeared attractive, really.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T04:46:36.093",
"id": "55815",
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"parent_id": "55812",
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"score": 2
}
] |
55812
|
55815
|
55815
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "When reading a japanese newspaper there's a lot of kanjis, but how do you know\nthe correct reading if you come across a kanji you dont know? Is there some\neasy way to look it up, or do you just have to know the word beforehand?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T09:01:07.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55816",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-09T00:23:49.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27261",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Readings of kanji in newspaper",
"view_count": 1344
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. The kanji used in newspapers are basically limited to those on the [joyo kanji table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji), which includes only(?) 2,136 characters as of 2018 (there are a small number of exceptions). This means native adults are unlikely to encounter a totally new kanji while reading newspapers. Unsurprisingly, newspapers are meant to be read and understood by native speakers without dictionaries.\n 2. Some proper nouns have rare difficult kanji, but they come with its readings in hiragana or katakana anyway.\n 3. The majority of difficult kanji are [keisei moji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji#Keisei_moji_\\(%E5%BD%A2%E5%A3%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97\\)), which means you can often make a reasonable guess once you've understood the general pattern.\n 4. If you do want to look up a kanji, [there is a special type of Japanese dictionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_dictionary#Chinese_character_dictionaries) for that, and there is software that allows you to find kanji from mouse strokes.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T10:32:51.900",
"id": "55817",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T10:32:51.900",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I'd hate to throw the \"there's an app for that\" answer at you, but there\nindeed are such apps. Some make you write it with finger on screen, some let\nyou point the camera at the kanji in question and recognize it for you.\n\n<https://www.appbank.net/2020/06/10/iphone-application/1859201.php>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-07T11:36:06.463",
"id": "86514",
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{
"body": "I'll answer one of your questions.\n\n> how do you know the correct reading if you come across a kanji you dont\n> know?\n\nYou know the correct reading because you recognize the kanji as part of a word\nthat you know. When you see, let's say, the word 自動車{じどうしゃ} (automobile),\nthere is no mental process such as \"ah, its 自{じ} + 動{どう} + 車{しゃ}, じ - どう - しゃ,\nwa-lah, it's じどうしゃ!\". You see 自動車 and directly recognize it as じどうしゃ.\n\nSo, in general you either know words or don't know them. The problem is at the\nwords/vocabulary level, not at the kanji level. For this reason, we can say\nthat recognizing the 2136 jouyou kanji is a necessary condition to be able to\nread a newspaper, but it is not a sufficient condition. You still need to know\nmany, many more than 2000 words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-09T00:16:50.827",
"id": "86549",
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"score": 1
}
] |
55816
| null |
55817
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55820",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can not understand very well the meaning of もう in \"もう腹ペコだ\". Looking online,\nthe majority of the traslations say that \"もう腹ペコだ\" simply means \"I'm\nstarving/I'm very hungry\".\n\nSo, my first interpretation of that もう is that it is used as interjection to\nstrengthen the expression. Is it correct or not?\n\nBut, anyway, もう means also \"already\", so I wonder if \"もう腹ペコだ\" can means also\n\"I'm already starving\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T10:46:31.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55818",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25405",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions"
],
"title": "もう meaning in \"もう腹ペコだ\"",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "The meaning of 「もう」 in 「もう腹ペコだ。」 actually depends on the context.\n\nPossible meanings:\n\n\"I'm already hungry.\"\n\n\"I'm really hungry.\"\n\n\"I'm hungry now.\"\n\netc.\n\nWithout context, this is all I could say. **In speaking, believe it or not,\n「もう」 is pronounced differently depending on what meaning it is being used\nfor**.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T11:04:07.503",
"id": "55820",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "55818",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55818
|
55820
|
55820
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55824",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> さも自分は当事者 **で** 真相を知っているかの如く、新しい奇怪な物語を描き、\n\nI always wondered if it was possible to replace である with で, is it what that\nis? 当事者である真相を知っているかの如く、\n\nFurthermore, I'd like clarifications regarding two other things:\n\n1- How would you translate さも in this case? 2- Is かの如くsomething working by\nitself? It reminds me of かのように",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T12:55:01.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55822",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T13:23:43.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Does this で mean である?",
"view_count": 481
}
|
[
{
"body": "当事者である真相を知っているかの如く doesn't make sense because である is attributive and modifies\na noun (or noun-like phrase) right after it. In this case, 当事者である真相 would mean\n\"the true fact that (someone) is a person involved\" (i.e., the fact that he\nwas involved was not known), which is not what the sentence wants to say.\n\nInstead, you can use the continuative-form/連用形 and say:\n\n> さも自分は当事者 **で** 真相を知っているかの如く、... \n> さも自分は当事者 **であり** 真相を知っているかの如く、... \n> as if he were a person involved **and** knew the truth ...\n\nUsing であり can make the sentence look literary or stiff, but in this case it\ndoesn't matter because さも and 如く are already fairly stiff wordings.\n\nさも is a literary adverb that is used with ～ように/～そうに/～ごとく/etc to mildly\nintensify its meaning. You can translate is as \"really (like)\" or \"indeed\" if\nyou need to, but you may ignore it.\n\nFor 如く, please refer to [Usage of 如き, 如し,\n如く](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36980/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T13:22:55.157",
"id": "55823",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T13:22:55.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55822",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> 「さも自分{じぶん}は当事者{とうじしゃ} **で**\n> 真相{しんそう}を知{し}っているかの如{ごと}く、新{あたら}しい奇怪{きかい}な物語{ものがたり}を描{えが}き、」\n\nThis 「で」 is explained here:\n\n[How to parse\n中国人で日本語が話せる方は、お電話ください。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24917/how-\nto-\nparse-%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e4%ba%ba%e3%81%a7%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e%e3%81%8c%e8%a9%b1%e3%81%9b%e3%82%8b%e6%96%b9%e3%81%af-%e3%81%8a%e9%9b%bb%e8%a9%b1%e3%81%8f%e3%81%a0%e3%81%95%e3%81%84)\n\n> I always wondered if it was possible to replace である with で, is it what that\n> is?\n\nNo, it is not, but you almost got it. In meaning:\n\n「で」＝「であ **り** 」 and not 「であ **る** 」\n\nThat is because 「であ **る** 」 is in the terminal form, with which you can end a\nsentence. 「で」 and 「であ **り** 」 are both in the continuative forms.\n\n> 1- How would you translate さも in this case?\n\n\"as if\"\n\n> 2- Is かの如くsomething working by itself? It reminds me of かのように\n\nIt can work by itself, but in this case, it works in conjunction with 「さも」.\n\n「かの如く」 means the same thing as 「かのように」. Only, the former is more formal than\nthe latter.\n\n> \"As if (someone) were the party concerned and knew the truth, s/he would\n> create new and uncanny stories and...\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T13:23:43.740",
"id": "55824",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T13:23:43.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
}
] |
55822
|
55824
|
55824
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55872",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Could someone please explain the use of で (in bold) below? The line is taken\nfrom the article: [男の子の将来の夢は「学者」\n女の子は「食べ物屋さん」](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011279391000/k10011279391000.html)\nand describes the results of a survey.\n\n> 女の子で１番多かったのは、２１年続けて「食べ物屋さん」 **で** 、１１．３％でした。２番目は「看護師さん」 **で**\n> ９．５％、３番目は「保育園や幼稚園の先生」 **で** ６．９％でした。\n\nI'm confident about what is meant (since context makes it so clear) but if I\nwere to have constructed it myself, I never would have used で. I'd have\nprobably done something like: \n「食べ物屋さん」と答えた子が１１．３％でした \nwhich could easily be unintelligible gibberish and would appreciate a\ncorrection is needed.\n\nAlso, I'm having a hard time finding exactly what a 食べ物屋さん is. Is this a\nperson who prepares food at a restaurant, is it a waitress, is it just a\ngeneric term for anyone who works at a restaurant, or is it something else\nentirely?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T15:32:49.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55825",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T22:52:34.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Use of で when describing survey results (or answers)",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "In response to your comment, Aで、Bでした\" doesn't mean A is B. I'm assuming this\nis sentence is describing a survey.\n\n>\n> 女の子で１番多かったのは、２１年続けて「食べ物屋さん」で、１１．３％でした。２番目は「看護師さん」で９．５％、３番目は「保育園や幼稚園の先生」で６．９％でした。\n>\n> \"Among girls the most frequent (answer/finding), for 21 years in a row,\n> **was** _waitress_ **and** was 11.3% (of the total). The second (most\n> frequent) **was** nurse **and** was 9.5%...\n\nSo で simply means \"...is X and...\" or \"...was X and...\" just like it normally\ndoes.\n\nBy the way, I'm not sure about my translation of 食べ物屋さん. Please correct me if\nI got it wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T19:01:49.637",
"id": "55872",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T19:01:49.637",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "In your example, で is short for でして. This is the form of です when used to\ncombine sentences. Instead of 「１８歳です。札幌出身です。」you would say 「１８歳で、札幌出身です。」. So,\nto keep from having to constantly close each sentence with です you can combine\nmultiple sentences using this word. This is the same as using the ～て form of\nverbs when adding new information afterwards.\n\n食べ物屋さん is an eatery or 'dining establishment', or in this case the proprietor\nof or a worker in one. Exact position is not specified.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T22:52:34.343",
"id": "55874",
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"score": 1
}
] |
55825
|
55872
|
55872
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55827",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having trouble with a bit of dialogue. I'm pretty sure I have the first\npart nailed down, but I am wondering about the choice of words in it.\n\nIt all starts with character A \"saying\" this: **へくち** っ\n\nAfter some searching, apparently this is onomatopoeia for sneezing? It fits\nthe following bits but I'm not sure.\n\nThen comes this exchange:\n\n> B: もしかしてナツカゼってやつ？\n>\n> A: いや～これは誰かが噂をってやつですね\n\nWhich I think is:\n\n> B: Is it maybe something like summer cold?\n>\n> A: Nah. This is someone talking about me\n\nThe problem for me is twofold here. For one, is it a Japanese superstition\nthat when someone talks of you you sneeze, similar to Western where you would\nhave hiccups when someone is talking about you?\n\nAnd secondary why the use of ってやつ. What function do they serve here. [Previous\nquestion on\nthis](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/53327/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%84%E3%81%A4-vs-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE-\ndifference) mentioned this expression being rude and being used to reffer to a\nperson, which makes sense given that やつ=奴. But why use it here for a virus?\nAnd it's even used in the reply?!?\n\nThe last bit is this:\n\n> B: それならよかった ここのとこ毎日来させちゃってるから さすがに負い目がね\n>\n> B: Oh, then it’s okay. I dare say I would feel indebted to you since I have\n> been making you come here every day.\n\nThe basic jist is that B would feel responsible/bad if her making A come to\nher every day recently got A sick. I have just noticed as I was typing this in\nthat ここの所 is apparently an adverb? that indicates [this has been happening\nrecently](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2370/%E3%81%93%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93-%E3%81%93%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E6%89%80-and-\nother-every-now-and-then-adverbs). I guess my google fuu has failed me on this\none. Probably because ここのところ form is used pretty much allways for this.\n\nOr am I mistaken here?\n\nPS: I am sorry for making this basically a three part question, but I gathered\nthat it would be better to put it in a single one, since it really is part of\na single context rather than scatter it throughout different questions. If\nit's a problem, I'll gladly split it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T15:46:26.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55826",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-10T16:02:58.567",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "とこ, ってやつ, sneezing and other considerations",
"view_count": 352
}
|
[
{
"body": "In response to your first question: yes, the へくちっ represents sneezing, and\nyes, it's a very common superstition in Japan that you sneeze when someone\ntalks about you behind your back.\n\nAs for the usage of やつ, this is indeed the same rather informal word as 奴, but\nit has more uses than just referring to people. It can also refer to a thing\nor concept. ～というやつ or ～ってやつ in particular is a common casual expression\nsimilar to the English \"that thing called...\" or \"that thing where...\", ie.\nit's used for describing/identifying a familiar concept. So in this case,\nナツカゼってやつ is \"that thing they call a summer cold\", and 誰かが噂をってやつ is \"that thing\nwhere someone's talking about you\", referring to the familiar superstition\nabout sneezing.\n\nAs for your third point, I'm not sure exactly what your question is, but your\nunderstanding seems pretty much on the mark. ここのとこ does indeed mean \"lately\"\nhere (though I agree that it's a slightly unusual form - I feel like it's more\ncommon either as the full ここのところ or the further abbreviated ここんとこ), and B is\nindeed saying that they're glad A isn't sick because they'd feel a little\nguilty if that were the case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T16:02:58.567",
"id": "55827",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "55826",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55826
|
55827
|
55827
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55854",
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"body": "I went through this thread [Relative clauses types and\nconfusion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/39551/relative-\nclauses-types-and-confusion) where the 4 different types of relative clauses\nare discussed.\n\n* * *\n\nFirst, I'd like to know wether I understood the 4 example sentences which the\nOP of the linked thread gave us.\n\n1) \"A)“Cased Head” Type (Relative Clause): the head noun bears some case\nrelation to the predicate in the modifying clause 犬を飼っている木村さん。\" => \"Kimura who\nkeeps a dog.\"\n\nB)\" “Adverbial Head” Type: the head noun bears an adverbial relation to the\ninformation expressed in the modifier 財産をなくした賭け事。\" => \"Gambling where you lost\nproperty.\"\n\nC)\" “Relational Head” Type: the head noun and the modifier form some sort of\ninterdependent relationship 太郎が東京へ行った翌年。\" => \"The following year where Taro\nwent to Tokyo.\"\n\nD) D)\" “Content Label Head” Type (Appositive Clause): the head noun serves as\na label for the content expressed in the modifier In other words, content\nnouns are those nouns which have the potential to be further commented on for\ntheir content. 犬が赤ん坊をかんだ事実。\" => \"A truth which bites babies.\"\n\n* * *\n\nSecond, Concerning Narutos answer to the question:\n\n\"C: (no original sentence; 翌年に太郎が東京へ行った would mean something different) D: (no\noriginal sentence; 事実 does not bite a baby)\"\n\n=> Does the fact that he left out the original sentence mean that these\nexample sentences were _not_ types of the sort described by OP (Here: C =\nRelational Head; D = Content Label Head)? Or in other words, does it mean that\nthese 2 examples given by the OP did not represent the categories of relative\nclauses they were supposed to and/or were 'wrong' (e.g. D, since facts don't\nbite babies?)?\n\nI ask because I wondered wether the examples given by OP in this thread\ncould've been textbook examples, where I usually would expect that they are\ncorrect/fit the category they are labeled with.\n\nIf the examples C and D were not representative of the category they should\nstand for, what would be good examples for them? For example, I dont really\nunderstand what in “Relational Head” Type: the head noun and the modifier form\nsome sort of interdependent relationship\" is meant with \"interdependent\nrelationship\"?",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Question to relative clauses",
"view_count": 183
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[
{
"body": "The \"no original sentence\" comments are not because these examples are\nincorrect, but because unlike the first two sentences, they are not simple\nrephrasings of a non-relative clause sentence.\n\nExample C, 太郎が東京へ行った翌年, does not mean \"The following year where Taro went to\nTokyo\" as you indicate (this would be the meaning if it were a Type A relative\nclause, but relative time words like 翌年 do not form Type A relative clauses.)\nIt means \"The following year _after_ Taro went to Tokyo\", ie. the content of\nthe relative clause represents the _reference point_ for the relative time\nstatement. There is no simple way of expressing this without such a relative\nclause, which is why no \"original sentence\" was provided in the answer.\n\nSimilarly 犬が赤ん坊をかんだ事実 does not mean \"A truth which bites babies.\" (This would\nagain be an attempt to interpret it as a simple Type A relative clause, though\nit fails to account for the presence of 犬 in the sentence.) The actual meaning\nis \"The fact _that_ the dog bit the baby\", ie. the relative clause describes\nthe _content_ of the 事実. This again is not straightforwardly based on an\noriginal non-relative construction. It could feasibly be rephrased as\nsomething along the lines of 事実は犬が赤ん坊をかんだということだ, though that's significantly\nless natural...and I believe the ということ construction itself would also be\nclassified as a Type D relative clause anyway, so that seems rather like\nsidestepping the issue(!)",
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55828
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55854
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55854
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{
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"body": "In English you say, e.g.\n\n> This restaurant seems to be very popular. That, or everybody just wants to\n> use the toilets, which seem to be free.\n\nThe thing is, I already complete the sentence, and then as an add-on we add an\nalternative suggestion to that sentence. What is a nice way to express that\nsentiment.\n\nI thought about それとか、, but I don't know if that really expresses what I mean.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-10T17:53:56.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say \"That, or\" in a nice way",
"view_count": 140
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[
{
"body": "You can use either あるいは (literary/formal) or それか (colloquial/casual). Common\npatterns include:\n\n * Aだ。あるいはBだ。\n * Aだ。あるいはBかだ。\n * Aだ。あるいはBだろう。\n * Aだ。あるいはBかのどちらかだ。\n\nFor example:\n\n> * 彼は天才に違いない。それか、単なる馬鹿だ。\n> * 返答がないのは忙しいからだろう。あるいは暇だから寝ているんだろう。\n>\n\nThere is also さもなくば (literally \"if that's not the case\"), which is even more\nstiffer than あるいは.\n\nThe particle とか forms a list, and thus それとか means \"in addition to that\". This\nis not what you want now.",
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"body": "こちら、そちら、あちら may all be used to refer to objects, places, **people** , etc. It\nis all about distance and perspective. They are much more polite than\nこれ、それ、あれ. You can also attach polite suffixes such as こちら様、こちらさん for when\ntrying to convey respect, even inanimate objects and animals.\n\nDirect translations are not viable. It's best to just try to say it in your\nown words in the language, if that makes sense, not translated from English.\n\nI'm not really sure what you mean by free, unoccupied or does not cost money?\nMost toilets are public use or for use by the customer at no charge.\n\nSomething like this might convey what you are trying to say:\n\nあちらのレストランは大人気みたいですが皆さんはばかりトイレを用いりたいかも知れません。無料みたいですから。",
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55830
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55835
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55835
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55837",
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"body": "[This question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38950/difference-\nbetween-%E8%B4%96%E3%81%86-%E3%81%82%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%86-and-%E5%84%9F%E3%81%86-%E3%81%A4%E3%81%90%E3%81%AA%E3%81%86)\nalready explores the difference between [贖う]{あがなう} and [償う]{つぐなう}, but I\nwanted to throw [補う]{おぎなう} into the mix as well.\n\ngoo辞書 doesn't list them as synonyms, so what is the difference?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-10T18:02:27.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55831",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 償う and 補う",
"view_count": 197
}
|
[
{
"body": "補う is more about compensating for a _lack_ of something else. Some of it's\nother definitions include \"complementing\" and \"supplementing\". Some 熟語 might\ngive you a better idea.\n\n> * [補助]{ほ・じょ} → assistance; support; aid; help\n> * 補助的 → ancillary; auxillary\n> * 補助輪 → training wheels\n> * 補助いす → booster seat\n> * 補助[犬]{けん} → helper/service dog\n> * [補佐]{ほ・さ} → aid; assistance; counselor; advisor\n> * 補佐的 → supportive (role); assistant; assisting\n> * [補足]{ほ・そく} → supplement; complement\n> * 補足情報 → supplementary information\n> * 補足説明 → supplementary explanation\n> * [補欠]{ほ・けつ} → filling a vacancy; alternate; spare\n> * 補欠選挙 → special election; by-election\n> * 補欠選手 → substitute player; benchwarmer\n>\n\nHowever, there is a bit of overlap:\n\n> * [補償]{ほ・しょう} → compensation; reparation\n> * 補償金 → compensation payment; reparation\n>\n\nWhen I worked in Japan, I received a travel stipend. I would turn in my train\ncards (回数券) and ask the secretary 「補償金お願いします」 (we were on very familiar terms,\nso this is probably not the most polite way to ask for it in \"real world\").",
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55831
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55837
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55837
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{
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"body": "I feel a bit silly asking this question, but... How do you say \"Japanese\nnotes\" (or any other language) in Japanese? I've been searching on the\nInternet and I've found \"日本のメモ\", but what about the \"語\" kanji? I thought it\nwould be \"日本語のメモ\".\n\nBy the way, I've also seen that notes are \"ノート\" too. Are both \"ノート\" and \"メモ\"\ncorrect in this context?\n\nTa very much!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-10T18:13:23.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55832",
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"owner_user_id": "27151",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"Japanese notes\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 5681
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[
{
"body": "The confusion arises from context. It would help to know exactly what the\ncontext for \"Japanese Notes\" is. As you might be able to tell, in English, the\ncombination can mean several things, such as:\n\n * Notes about Japan\n * Notes from a Japanese person\n * Notes from Japanese people in general\n * Notes about Japanese (as a school subject)\n * Notes about the Japanese language\n * Notes in the Japanese language\n\n...etc.\n\nAdd to this the fact that a \"Note\" can be scribbled on a memo pad, a notebook,\na piece of paper, an email, or even a word document on your PC, and you can\nsee where some of the confusion begins.\n\nAssuming that the proper context is, based on your question, \"Japanese Notes\"\nas in the title of a notebook you keep with notes about the Japanese language\nas you study it, I would say that this might be translated as 日本語｛にほんご｝のノート.\n\nIf you mean to refer to the specific content of the notebook, you might say\n日本語のメモ instead. Think on this sentence:\n\n> 日本語｛にほんご｝の授業｛じゅぎょう｝のメモはノートに書｛か｝きます。 \n> I write my Japanese class notes in a notebook.\n\nTo disambiguate, here's a few key points:\n\n> 日本｛にほん｝ \n> Japan\n>\n> 日本語｛にほんご｝ \n> Japanese (language)\n>\n> メモ \n> a memo pad where someone might write reminder notes, or, also, a note in\n> the sense of the message captured\n>\n> ノート \n> a notebook (the kind you write things in for school subjects)\n\nAs for other languages, you'd replace 日本語｛にほんご｝ for the language which you're\nreferring to. For example, English would be 英語｛えいご｝, Spanish would be\nスペイン語｛ご｝, and so on.",
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55832
|
55833
|
55833
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{
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"body": "I'm trying to understand the question and answers in this thread: [Question to\nrelative clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/55828/question-\nto-relative-clauses)\n\nOne sentence OP asked about is this one:\nちょうどこれまでとは対向線路にあたる闇の向こうから、眩いライトの光が浴びせかけられた。\n\nWith the help of narutos answer on this thread I think I understood the\nちょうどこれまでとは対向線路にあたる闇の向こうから part to a degree, however I think I didnt understand\nit completely and I fear that I cant translate it correctly yet. Here's my\nattempt at translation of the full sentence.\n\n\"From the opposite side, which precisely so far was dark as the oncoming lane,\na beam of dazzling light was thrown.\"\n\nI don't know about my translation of\n<http://jisho.org/search/%E6%B5%B4%E3%81%B3%E3%81%9B%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B>\nbecause \"to throw\" should be associated with liquid. Since I assumed that a\nray of light was cast through the dark, the meaning \"to throw\" was the only\none fitting though.",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-10T19:13:12.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55834",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Did I interprete this sentence correctly?",
"view_count": 102
}
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[
{
"body": "Your interpretation of 浴びせかける is essentially correct, though it should really\nbe \"was thrown _upon me_ \" since 私 is presumably the unstated subject of the\npassive construction. 浴びる and related constructions can refer to light in the\nsame way as liquid, as you can see from the definitions given for the [base\nword](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%B5%B4%E3%81%B3%E3%82%8B).\n\nYour translation of the full sentence seems a little confused regarding how\nthe elements of the sentence relate to one another, however. I would literally\ntranslate the sentence as something like:\n\n\"From beyond the darkness which precisely corresponded to the opposite lane to\n(that which I had been travelling along) so far, the dazzling beam of a lamp\nwas cast upon me.\"\n\nA few notes on how this differs from your translation:\n\n * You seem to have interpreted the の of 闇の向こう as a descriptive/copula usage (equivalent to 闇である向こう), as if 闇 were being used as a の-adjective, but this is incorrect - 闇 is a simple noun \"darkness\" here, and the の construction is the basic Xの向こう meaning \"(the place) beyond X\".\n * As such, there is no copula in the sentence to be modified by ちょうど; ちょうど modifies the verb あたる, meaning \"precisely corresponds to\".\n * the これまでとは is directly modifying 対向線路, specifying that it is the lane in the \"opposite direction as up until now\". I'm not entirely sure what this refers to without context - in my translation, I've assumed it simply means the opposite direction to the one the speaker has been travelling along, but the construction seems perhaps a little overcomplex for this. It may be that it's referring to the lane being the opposite direction from, eg. some other lights that the speaker has seen coming previously.\n * Your translation seems to be missing a translation for ライト (or conflating it with 光). This word refers not to the light itself, but to the artificial light source casting it (from the context, I would guess the headlamp of a vehicle.)\n\nI hope this helps.",
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55834
|
55855
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55855
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{
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"body": "I learned that てしまいます can both express regret and having finished a task.\n\nHow can one differentiate between the two meanings without context ?\n\nExample: 水を飲んでしまいました. - I have finished drinking the water / I drank the water\n(with a sense of regret)\n\nIf one cannot differentiate without context, is there a way to make explicit\nwhich meaning is implied ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-10T19:46:46.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55836",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Double meaning of てしまいます",
"view_count": 1026
}
|
[
{
"body": "It only has one meaning: \"to do something in an irreversible manner\". Applying\nit to various examples may produce various expressions in other languages. But\nthat's a problem of translation, rather than that of the meaning of the word\nitself.\n\nIn the case of your example, 水を飲んでしまった doesn't mean \"I have finished drinking\nthe water\", (or rather I suspect there are any cases where it means \"to have\nfinished something\"), but \"I drank water\", and in this case sense of\nirreversibility usually reflects that of regret.\n\nThis sense of irreversibility is not always rendered into that of regret. For\nexample, やってしまおう is an encouragement or an invitation to do something that\nwould feel reluctant otherwise.",
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"creation_date": "2018-01-11T08:02:31.160",
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55836
|
55851
|
55851
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{
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"body": "A friend told me it means \"sexy/good looking\" but I'm not sure",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-11T00:12:08.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55840",
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"owner_user_id": "26968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does イケボ mean?",
"view_count": 6323
}
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[
{
"body": "イケボ is a short form of either\n\n * **イケ** メン(cool-looking-guy) + **ボ** イス(voice\n * **イケ** てる(cool) + **ボ** イス(voice)\n\nThus, it means \"the kind of voice a cool-guy has\" or simply \"a cool voice\"\nThis phrase is used to describe the voice and whether the speaker is an actual\nイケメン does not matter.\n\nOh, by the way, the word イケメン it self derives from the イケてる in the second\nform.\n\n[https://www.weblio.jp/content/イケボ](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%9C)",
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55840
| null |
55845
|
{
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"body": "From [an article about self-driving\ncars:](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011283441000/k10011283441000.html)\n\n> 日本のトヨタ自動車は、人が運転しなくても走る自動運転の車を紹介しています。\n\nI'm unsure on the translation of part of the above sentence. Does this mean\nthat:\n\n 1. Even people who don't drive can travel in these self-driving cars\n 2. The car can travel without anybody driving it\n\n2 was my initial thought reading this, but it seems an odd thing to state. It\nwouldn't be self-driving if someone was driving it. But 1 also seems odd to\nme, since this doesn't seem like something that could possibly be legal.\n\nWhich is the correct translation?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-11T00:47:12.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55842",
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"owner_user_id": "22689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Correct translation of 人が運転しなくても走る",
"view_count": 143
}
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{
"body": "In the interest of clarity, I want to point out that #1 is arguably a logical\nsubset of #2. If the car can travel without anybody driving it, someone who\ndoesn't drive can travel in it. Based on your comment about legality though,\nI'm going to assume you mean someone who is missing their license or for some\nother reason _can't_ drive.\n\nIn any case, this very much looks like #1 to me.\n\n> 人が運転しなくても走る車\n\nIs pretty clearly \"A car that will travel even if (the) person is not\ndriving\". There's no information here about the person's _ability_ to drive.\nIf you wanted to say something like \"a car usable even by people who cannot\ndrive\", I would expect it to be something like:\n\n> 運転できない人でも使える車\n\nLastly, while I agree this is probably not going to be legal in the states for\nquite a while, I want to point out that the article is about an event where\nvarious companies are introducing new products, presumably ones that they feel\nare particularly representative of technological advances on their part.\nCompanies often do this more to show that they have the technology than with\nthe intent of using it immediately. That, and I wouldn't expect a simplified\nnews article to go into detail about legalities anyway.\n\nEdit: Since する (in 運転する) is present/future tense, one could argue that it\nshould be read as \"A car that will travel even if (the) person does not\ndrive\". However, this is ambiguous in English anyway (does not drive in\ngeneral? does not drive _that car_?), and consequently I would expect that in\neither language if somebody meant to specify that the person did not drive in\nthe general sense they would make it more explicit. Particularly in Japanese\nwhere there are options to specify \"a person who doesn't drive\" as \"運転しない人\",\nthe phrase \"人が運転しなくても走る\" really looks like it's talking about #1 to me.",
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"body": "The literal translation is 2. The relative clause 人が運転しなくても走る just explains\nthe meaning of the phrase 自動運転の車 itself. In other words, this relative clause\ndoes not refer to a subcategory of 自動運転車. 自動運転車 has been a well-known concept,\nbut somehow the author thought it needed clarification.\n\n> トヨタ自動車は、人が運転しなくても走る自動運転の車を紹介しています。 \n> Toyota is introducing an autonomous car, (which is) a car that runs even if\n> a person does not drive it.",
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"body": "A boxer has just managed to bring down his opponent landing his final punch.\nHowever, he surprisingly goes down too. [Here you can see the whole\npage](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2B6Eg.jpg). His trainer comments with this\nsentence:\n\n> [スリッピングアウェー]{首 ひ ね り}と同時に[とんで]{・・・}たか……ガキ〰〰〰\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bI40N.jpg)\n\nWhy has 首ひねり been used as furigana for スリッピングアウェー? I researched 首ひねり and it is\na sumo move in which a wrestler grab the opponent's head with one hand and\nwith the other tries to throw him down, but, from the image, to me it looks as\nif the boxer bumped into or was hit by his opponent's arm after landing the\nfinal punch, though there are some spinning marks drawn. Not understanding\nthis, I am also not able to understand the second part of the sentence. Could\nyou help me understand why 首ひねり was used here and what is the general meaning\nof the sentence? Thank you for your help!",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"katakana",
"furigana",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of 首ひねり in the following sentence",
"view_count": 410
}
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[
{
"body": "# English\n\n> [スリッピングアウェー]{首ひねり}と同時にとんでたか……ガキ～\n\nThe above phrase is spoken by the second of Boxer A (RIKU). A \"second\" is a\nsupporter of fighting sports such as boxing, that is explained\n[here](http://www.sportsdefinitions.com/boxing/Seconds.html).\n\nBoxer B threw his left punch on boxer A just before the above phrase. That\npunch hit straight on the face of Boxer A.\n\nIn fact, Boxer A turned his face to the right so as to ease the shock of the\npunch just before the punch reached straight on his face. However, still the\nstrong punch hit the face a bit and Boxer A fell on the ring. \nBoxer A gave a punch against Boxer B with his left arm at the same time Boxer\nA makes a \"首ひねり _neck twist_ \". Boxer A's punch was a punch that\ncounterattacked when the opponent struck, so it is commonly called \"counter\npunch\", which is more powerful than an ordinary punch. As a matter of course,\nBoxer B also fell on the ring as he received the full force of the punch.\n\nThe following phrase was uttered by Boxer A's \"second\" at that time.\n\n> [スリッピングアウェー]{首ひねり}と同時にとんでたか……ガキ～\n\n\"ガキ\" is generally used for \"わんぱく坊主｛ぼうず｝ _naughty boy_ or _mischievous boy_ \",\nbut Boxer A's second loved him and called him \"ガキ\" jokingly with affection.\n\"You twisted your neck to the right and avoided the opponent's finishing punch\nas well as giving your punch to him. I could say that you performed a nice\ntechnique at once,\" he said with feeling admiration for Boxer A. \nThe explanation of \"スリッピングアウェー _slipping away_ \" is\n[here](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC).\nAccording to it, it is a kind of boxing defense techniques: A higher skill\nwhere a boxer turns his face in the same direction as the direction in which\nthe punch extends and relieves the impact. \nIn English there is no terminology of \"slipping away\", I think that it\ncorresponds to \"slipping\" or \"slip\". It is explained\n[here](https://www.expertboxing.com/boxing-techniques/defense-techniques/how-\nto-slip-punches) as \"How to Slip Punches\". Perhaps, I think, both \"スリッピングアウェー\nlit. _slipping away_ \" and the Japanese translation of \"首ひねり _neck twist_ \"\nfor \"スリッピングアウェー\" are not established. So I think that the author of the comic\nbook devised by putting 首ひねり to スリッピングアウェー like ふりがな to スリッピングアウェー to make the\nreader understand what スリッピングアウェー means.\n\n\"とんでたか (= 飛んでたか)\" means \"Wow, a punch was thrown (by GAKI or by Boxer A)\" or\n\"Wow, Boxer A threw a punch on Boxer B's face unconsciously\". It is an\nexpression used with admiring Boxer A's unintended fine play. As interpreted\nby naruto's answer interpreting Boxer A as \"fainted\", you cannot explain the\nfact that Boxer A and Boxer B both fell down on the ring.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kruro.jpg)\n\n# 日本語\n\n> [スリッピングアウェー]{首ひねり}と同時にとんでたか……ガキ～\n\n上記｛じょうき｝のフレーズは、ボクサーＡ(リク RIKU)の「セコンド\n_[second](http://www.sportsdefinitions.com/boxing/Seconds.html)_ 」からでたセリフです。 \n「セコンド」とはボクシングなどの格闘技｛かくとうぎ｝における介添人｛かいぞえにん｝のことです。\n\n上記のセリフの直前｛ちょくぜん｝に、ボクサーＢが左腕｛ひだりうで｝によるパンチをボクサーＡに浴｛あ｝びせます。「相手｛あいて｝にパンチを打つ」ことを「パンチを浴びせる」と言います。\nそのパンチはボクサーＡの顔面｛がんめん｝にまともに当たります。実際｛じっさい｝には、パンチがまともに当｛あ｝たる寸前｛すんぜん｝にボクサーＡは、顔｛かお｝を右｛みぎ｝に向｛む｝け（＝右回｛みぎまわ｝りに「首ひねり」をして）パンチの衝撃｛しょうげき｝を和｛やわ｝らげます。しかし、それでもパンチは顔に少し当たりボクサーＡはダウンします。\nボクサーＡが「首ひねり」をしたときと同時にボクサーＡは、自分の左腕でパンチをボクサーＢに向かって打ちます。ボクサーＡのパンチは相手が打ってきたときに反撃的｛はんげきてき｝に打つパンチですので一般に「カウンターパンチ」と言うもので、普通のパンチ以上に威力｛いりょく｝があります。そのパンチがボクサーＢにまともに当たりましたので、ボクサーＢは倒｛たお｝れます。\n\nその時に、ボクサーＡの「セコンド」から出たセリフです。\n\n> [スリッピングアウェー]{首ひねり}と同時にとんでたか……ガキ～\n\n「ガキ」とは一般に「わんぱく坊主｛ぼうず｝」に対して言う言葉ですが、ボクサーＡのセコンドは愛情｛あいじょう｝を持ってボクサーＡのことを「ガキ」と呼んでいます。「首を右にひねって相手のパンチを避｛よ｝けたと同時によく自分のパンチを出したな。とっさに素晴｛すば｝らしい技｛わざ｝を出したな」とボクサーＡに対して感心｛かんしん｝して言ったセリフです。\n\nスリッピングアウェーは、[ここ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC)にあります。ボクシングの防御｛ぼうぎょ｝の一種｛いっしゅ｝だと書かれています。英語ではスリッピングアウェーという用語は無く、単に、slippingあるいはslipというのだろうと思います。それについては[ここ](https://www.expertboxing.com/boxing-\ntechniques/defense-techniques/how-to-slip-punches)に「How to Slip\nPunches」という題の説明があります。\n\n多分｛たぶん｝「スリッピングアウェー」に対する「首ひねり」という日本語訳は定着｛ていちゃく｝していないと思いますが、[ここ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC)の説明｛せつめい｝を読｛よ｝み、漫画｛まんが｝の絵｛え｝を見ると、日本人には馴染｛なじ｝みの薄い「スリッピングアウェー」とはどのようなものかを説明するために、漫画の作者｛さくしゃ｝が「ふりがな」を振｛ふ｝るようにして「スリッピングアウェー」を工夫｛くふう｝して説明｛せつめい｝したものだと理解｛りかい｝できます。\n\n「とんでたか（＝飛んでたか）」とは、「パンチが飛んでいたのか」という意味｛いみ｝で、ボクサーＡの左のパンチがボクサーＢの顔面｛がんめん｝に向｛む｝かって飛んだ（＝「パンチを打った」）ということを感嘆｛かんたん｝/\n感心{かんしん}して言った表現｛ひょうげん｝です。\nなお、narutoさんの回答にあるように「とんだ」を「飛んだ＝気絶した」と解釈すると、ボクサーＡとボクサーＢとが同時にリング上に倒れている状況を説明できない。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XmZIj.jpg)",
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"body": "首ひねり is obviously used to explain スリッピングアウェー, so it shouldn't be another\ndifficult technical term. You can forget the sumo move.\n\n首をひねる (literally \"twist a neck\") is a common set phrase (not specific to\nboxing) that means rotating or coking your head. Most of the time this phrase\nalso figuratively means \"to think deeply\" or \"to be puzzled\" (similarly to \"to\nshrug\"), but its figurative meaning is not relevant now. In this context it\njust refers to the physical movement of rotating your head in order to absorb\nthe shock of the punch, as illustrated in your picture and [this\nentry](https://ameblo.jp/yoshiki-0722/entry-11767937572.html). This may be\nobvious to you, but remember the [masu-stem can be used to nominalize a\nverb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010).\n\nNext, I believe this [とぶ]{・・} is 意識が飛ぶ, which is another set phrase meaning\n\"to faint\". Note the dots beside とぶ, which often imply some slangy/derivative\nmeaning of a word is used. For example [やる]{・・} might mean 殺る or \"to kill\".\n\nTherefore the basic meaning of the sentence is \"Boy, you had been unconscious\nsince your last 首ひねり move\".",
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"body": "> 「姉さん、も朝なの」と言った。\n>\n> いちは長太郎の布団の側に行って小声で言った。\n>\n> 「まだ早いからお前は寝ていなさい。姉さんは、 お父さんのことで出かけなければならないよ。」\n>\n> 「それならおいらも行く」\n>\n> と言って、長太郎は起き上がった。\n>\n> 「じゃあ、起きて。着物を着せてあげよう。長さんは小さくても男だから、\n>\n> **一緒に行ってくれればその方がいいから** 。」\n\nThe question may sound trivial, but I want to ask if we can replace the bolded\nsentence with\n\n> **一緒に行ってくれればいい** or **一緒に行ってくれればいいから**\n\nand the possible change of the meaning.\n\nThere are some online examples go like\n\n> 一緒に行ってくれればいいじゃん。\n>\n> 一緒に行ってくれればいいのに。",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"sentence-final-particles",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Differences between 一緒に行ってくれればいい, 一緒に行ってくれればいいから, 一緒に行ってくれればその方がいいから",
"view_count": 333
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{
"body": "They wouldn't be interchangeable.\n\n> 一緒に行ってくれればその方がいいから \n> _if you (thankfully for me) go with me, it's better_\n>\n> 一緒に行ってくれればいい \n> 一緒に行ってくれればいいから \n> _it'll be enough/nice if you (thankfully for me) go with me_\n\nHere are three points:\n\n 1. 方が introduces comparison, where Japanese adjectives cannot inflect themselves into the comparative grade.\n\n 2. What その (= _it_ ) refers to in the first sentence is the previous clause, or \"your going with me\", while such interpretation is hard to make in latter sentences, as maybe you can feel from my somewhat literal translations above. That's also partly because...\n\n 3. V + ばいい is actually a common idiom or construction, which represents a kind of **grammatical mood** , whose English rendering would vary from \"comfortable with --\" to \"the only thing one has to do is --\". There are plenty of posts on this site regarding this phrase:\n\n * [The grammar of verb in ば form followed by いい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25615/7810)\n * [~ばいい for suggestions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/35695/7810)\n * [How 「何と言えばいいのかわからない」 works](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42004/7810)\n * [Meaning of ～ばいいかな](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/46836/7810)\n\n* * *\n\n> 一緒に行ってくれればいいじゃん。 \n> 一緒に行ってくれればいいのに。\n\nAre you asking if these particles at the end are possible alternatives? If so,\nno neither.\n\n * ～ **から** : Literally \"because\", but as you may know, expresses an intention of persuasion at the end of a sentence. If need to be translated, would be like \"you see?\"\n\n * ～ **じゃん** : Colloquial, or even vulgar slang that exactly means what English tag questions e.g. \"isn't it\" mean.\n\n * ～ **のに** : At the end of a sentence, indicates a sort of nuance that usually conveyed by subjunctive in English, such as \"if only --\" or \"(you) should've --\".\n\nIn this context, none of those other final particles fit in, though\n一緒に行ってくれればその方がいいじゃん？ (uptalkedly) would be barely valid, if the story were set\nin the present day.",
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"body": "Is it (AとB)のC, Aと(BのC), or (AのC)と(BのC) ...?",
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"tags": [
"particle-の",
"particle-と",
"parsing",
"ambiguity"
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"title": "General meaning of AとBのC?",
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"body": "This would probably depend on context, as in English.\n\nFor instance, I think the following sentence would be ambiguous in both\nEnglish and Japanese:\n\n> 田中さんと島田さんのメモ帳のおかげでいろいろと分かりました。 \n> I found out all kinds of things thanks to Tanaka and Shimada's notebook.\n\nIt could mean that the speaker spoke to Tanaka and read Shimada's notebook, or\nit could mean that the speaker read a notebook belonging to both Tanaka and\nShimada.\n\nOf course, in the vast majority of sentences, semantics would be enough to\nclear up any such ambiguities. Failing that, it's often possible to\ndisambiguate using intonation (in speech) or punctuation (in written text).\nFor instance:\n\n> 田中さんと、島田さんのメモ帳のおかげでいろいろと分かりました。\n\nA pause or comma after the first name would help to indicate that the notebook\nbelongs to Shimada only. Similarly, a clear _lack_ of pause between the names\nin speech would indicate the opposite (I don't think there's any easy way of\nrepresenting this explicitly in text, but I think a lack of comma would make\nit the more likely interpretation.)\n\nEDIT: I just realised that there's actually a _third_ possible interpretation\nfor the sentence in Japanese, which is that the speaker read multiple\nnotebooks, one or more of which belonged to each of Tanaka and Shimada. This\nparticular ambiguity is of course resolved in the English sentence by the use\nof the singular \"notebook\", but there's no way of resolving it in Japanese\nwithout adding extra verbal clarification, just as the English \"Tanaka and\nShimada's notebooks\" would be ambiguous with regard to the number of notebooks\nand who owned which ones.",
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"body": "It depends on the context.\n\nFor example, in the case of 彼と私の娘は、昨年同じ小学校に入学した. When he is a child, it means\nAと(BのC). When he is an adult, it means (AのC)と(BのC). When he is the daughter's\nfather and the sentence is 彼と私の娘は、昨年小学校に入学した, it means (AとB)のC.\n\nIn the case of 彼と私の娘は、頭が良い, it also could mean the three patterns. If you\nclearly want to mean (AのC)と(BのC), you should say 彼の娘と私の娘は、頭が良い.",
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"body": "Usually ambiguities are resolved by context, and if not, then they are\ndeclared \"bad writing\" (or \"bad expression\").\n\nIn the case at hand, AとBのC can mean all of Aと（BのC）, （AとB）のC, （AのC）と（BのC） —\nactually just like \"A and B's C\" in English:\n\n> AちゃんとB君の親も来る。 \n> A and B's parents also come\n>\n> 1. Aと（BのC） \n> A comes and B's parents come\n>\n> 2. （AとB）のC \n> (A and B)'s parents come\n>\n> 3. （AのC）と（BのC） \n> (A and B)'s parents come\n>\n>\n\nIf you are mathematically inclined, you could think of と corresponding to +\nand の to ×.\n\nIn mathematics, the ambiguity of A+B×C is resolved by declaring A+B×C =\nA+(B×C) (\"order of operations\"). In natural languages, there are no order of\noperations, so AとBのC is still ambiguous.\n\nHowever, I think we usually have (2) = (3) corresponding to (A+B)×C =\n(A×C)+(B×C) (\"distributive law\").\n\n* * *\n\nAmbiguous contexts aside, context often gives the natural interpretation:\n\n> AちゃんとB君の靴がぬれた。\n>\n> (A and B)'s shoes got wet. _more likely interpretation_ \n> A got wet and B's shoes got wet. _less likely interpretation_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T12:11:06.873",
"id": "55860",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T12:11:06.873",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "55853",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55853
|
55859
|
55857
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55866",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 1.「何か対策を考えないことには国民の不安は消えないだろう。」\n>\n> 2.「何か対策を考えないとなれば国民の不安は消えないだろ。」\n\nどうして2番目の文は間違いですか？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T12:13:30.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55861",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T14:53:01.197",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25989",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "考えないことには と 考えないとなれば （新完全マスタ N2）",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "文法的には一応どちらもアリかと思いますが、ニュアンスがかなり違います。 \n文脈を考えれば１のほうが自然です。\n\n１では「対策を考えないと国民の不安は消えない、ゆえに対策を考える必要がある」 \n２では「対策を考えない。ゆえに国民の不安も消えない」\n\nと、述べている因果関係は同じでも、「実際に対策を考えるかどうか」の前提が違います。 \n１では対策の考察を促しているのに対し、２では対策を諦めているように聞こえます。 \n国民の不安が消えないことを受け入れるのはさすがに不自然ということで、 \n１が正解となっているのではないでしょうか。\n\nあと、最初の「何か…」も２の場合はやや不自然です。 \n対策を考えないことを前提として仮定している場合は、 \n具体的な対策を求める「何か」は必要ありません。 \nなのでやはり、ほぼ決まっている前提の結果を紹介する「となれば」より、 \n避けるべき結果を紹介する「ことには」のほうがしっくりきます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T13:21:41.473",
"id": "55866",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T13:21:41.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "55861",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "「対策を考えない **となれば** 」には、「何か」ではなく「何も」を使うと思います。 \n（２．「何 **か** 対策を考えないとなれば～～」→「何 **も** 対策を考えないとなれば～～」） \n「『何も対策を考えない』となれば…」というふうに、「と」は引用を示していて、 \n打消しの「考えない」には「何か」ではなく「何も」を使うからです。 \n（×「何 **か** 考えない。」→「何 **も** 考えない。」）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T14:21:12.750",
"id": "55869",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T14:53:01.197",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-11T14:53:01.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "55861",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55861
|
55866
|
55869
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 必ずや主の望まれる結果となるよう、最善を尽くします！\n\nIt seems to work just like ように, but there must be a (subtle) difference\nbetween the two, right?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T12:24:32.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55862",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T15:39:02.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between よう and ように?",
"view_count": 95
}
|
[] |
55862
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a sentence like this:\n\n> 今はその解決に色々とアプローチをかけとる **感じでして**\n>\n> 試作機のテストをCら共々 手伝わせてもろてる **感じなんです**\n\nIt's a part of dialogue where A is giving a report to person B about progress\non her project. Although this is a bit in media res, as in we cut into this\nconversation right at this line.\n\nBut anyway. I'm wondering what 感じでして and 感じなんです (which is probably 感じなのです) are\nmeant to convey. I imagine it's supposed to mean that A thinks/feels these\nthings? Like\n\n> Right now, I feel trying various approaches to solving the problem (will\n> help?)\n>\n> and I also feel all of C to help with prototype testing (will help?)\n\nI assume the help bit is to be assumed from context, since they are talking\nabout a project?\n\nWhat I'm also wondering is, is she PROPOSING this course of action? Or is she\nsaying, like, that she feels geting C's aid in testing is helping them?\n\nOh and of course is there a meaning difference between 感じなんする, 感じでして?\n\nLike the former is more of a statement of feeling, but the later?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T12:32:49.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55863",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-26T02:33:30.140",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-26T02:33:30.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "感じなんです, 感じでして meaning and translation issues",
"view_count": 532
}
|
[
{
"body": "These instances of 感じ don't contribute much to the content of the sentence.\nThey are almost like fillers, like the English \"like\". Hence this translation:\n\n> Right now, I'm, like, trying various approach to solving the problem and,\n> like, helping with the prototype testing, with C and others, you know.\n\nThe meaning wouldn't change if they were removed and the sentence went like\nthis:\n\n> 今はその解決に色々とアプローチをかけとりまして\n>\n> 試作機のテストをCら共々 手伝わせてもろてるんです\n\nexcept that now the speaker would sound less like a person who's not totally\nsure about what she's talking about.\n\nThe usual semantic difference between ～(な)んです and ～です (of which ～でして is the\nte-form) is the that former has an explanatory tone (meaning it indicates a\nstatement is offered as an explanation for a given state of affairs), which\nthe latter doesn't have.\n\nBut in this case the difference in form is due to the fact that the sentence\nin question consists of two coordinate clauses and only the latter needs to be\nin the なんです form to give the whole sentence an explanatory tone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T15:30:45.750",
"id": "55870",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T15:30:45.750",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "55863",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55863
| null |
55870
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55868",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A superior is proud of subordinate's work, and says the following:\n\n> お仕事は順調そのものと…\n>\n> 各部署にプレゼンさせて貰った身としては鼻が高いわ\n\nThe first bit is her saying that the subordinate's work is exemplary (the very\ndefinition of going well, if I understand what そのもの does).\n\nThe second part is more troubling.\n\n> 各部署にプレゼンさせて貰った\n\nI'm pretty sure the above is saying she got the permission from the\ndepartments to do a presentation, since we have causative and もらう and に to\nindicate who gave permission.\n\nThe problematic bit is what follows. The 身としては, and especially the 身 bit. If I\ntook it literally I might think that\n\n> 各部署にプレゼンさせて貰った身\n\nmeans\n\n> Body on which I got a go ahead from departments to give a presentation\n\nBut I don't think it's really a physical body, but more a topic of the\npresentation.\n\nSo I think she is saying she is proud she'll give a presentation on\nsubordinate's work to the departments. I assume she means in future?\n\nSo am I reading this 身としては鼻が高い bit right?\n\nAlso that と at the end of そのものと, is it there just as a conjunction AND, or\nmight it also be there to indicate the topic of presentation. I don't think\nit's the later, but it could be....",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T13:00:23.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55864",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T13:50:08.000",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "そのものと and 身としては",
"view_count": 333
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, you're correct that させて貰った literally means that she received\npermission from someone to do this. However, in practice, させて貰った is just a\nmore polite way of saying した - it simply adds a slight nuance of polite\ngratitude for having had the privilege to do the thing.\n\nSo we can immediately simplify this sentence to:\n\n> 各部署にプレゼンした身としては鼻が高いわ\n\nNow the 身 that's giving you trouble - this is actually referring to the\nspeaker herself. One function of 身 is to describe one's own position, and\n～身として in particular is a fairly common turn of phrase meaning \"as someone\nwho...\" So in this case, プレゼンした身として means \"As someone who gave presentations\".\n\nTreating させて貰った as した also helps us better parse the 各部署に at the beginning -\nit indicates that she gave the presentations _to_ each department, not that\nthey gave her permission. It is theoretically possible from a grammatical\nperspective to treat this に as indicating the source of the 貰った, but since\nさせて貰った is generally treated as a single unit, it would be very unnatural in\npractice.\n\nSo the whole sentence means something along the lines of:\n\n> 各部署にプレゼンさせて貰った身としては鼻が高いわ \n> As the person who was responsible for giving the presentations to all the\n> departments, I feel proud.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T13:50:08.000",
"id": "55868",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T13:50:08.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
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"score": 4
}
] |
55864
|
55868
|
55868
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know exchange is 交換 in Japanese but is it right to say \"大学交換”？\n\nMy current guess of the expression would be\n\n> 日本に大学交換しに行きます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T13:19:43.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55865",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T13:30:41.203",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-11T13:30:41.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "27277",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How do I say \"I am going to Japan for a university exchange\"?",
"view_count": 1451
}
|
[
{
"body": "交換 is the correct word for \"exchange\", also in this context.\n\nI think you could say\n\n> 交換留学で日本に行きます。 \n> I am going to Japan for a student/university exchange.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T13:30:17.660",
"id": "55867",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T13:30:17.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "55865",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55865
| null |
55867
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55878",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is a rather quick question. I have the following line:\n\n> ココの方々にはこの子の事でもお世話になってますし\n>\n> 気にせんといてください\n\nContext: Person A has been coming to group B every day and assisting them and\nthey were helping her with her problem too. She sneezes, group B is worried it\nmight be because they were making her come help them, A waves them off.\n\nSo if the above sentence was just:\n\n> ココの方々にはお世話になってますし気にせんといてください\n\nI'd have it as:\n\n> I am so grateful to everyone here for your help, so please don't worry/mind\n> me.\n\nBut I have the この子の事でも right before it, and I'm not sure what part it acts in\nthis with particle でも at the end. I can see two options:\n\nOption 1: she is thanking them for help, even for help taking care of her kid\n\n> I am so grateful to all of you here, even for helping me with this kid, so\n> please don't mind us/me\n\nOption 2: she is grateful to them, but is also saying even the girl is\ngrateful\n\n> I and even this girl are so grateful to all of you here for everything you\n> have done for us, so please don't worry about me/us\n\nSo which one is it, or did I make a mistake. Oh and yeah せんといて is Osaka-ben\nshenanigans and stands for しないで in standard.\n\nAs a side note, why would someone use katakana for ここ, like A did here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T22:48:08.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55873",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-12T03:35:16.590",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "Aでもお世話になる meaning question",
"view_count": 201
}
|
[
{
"body": "The use of でも in this context is to humble oneself (self-deprecatory), or in\nthis case one's child. It can be considered a filler word, like ちょっと, not\nnecessary for translation to English.\n\nThe use of katakana for ここ is just a way of italicizing the word. When using\nここ or これ to represent a group (as a substitution for the group's proper name)\nthe katakana version might be used. Kana can be flexible that way.\n\nSo, I believe that 'Option 1', without the 'even' would be closest.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T23:17:54.367",
"id": "55875",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-11T23:17:54.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55873",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "The でも is not \"even\". It's 「～のこと **で** お世話になる」(で = case particle) + 「も」(also).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-12T03:35:16.590",
"id": "55878",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-12T03:35:16.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "55873",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55873
|
55878
|
55878
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's as the topic states. A person is speaking about them wanting to put their\nability to good use, and they say it as:\n\n> (previous bit is less relevant) ちゃんと活かしてきっちり役立てていきたいんです\n\nWhat I want to know, is nuance/difference between: ちゃんと活かして and きっちり役立てて\n\nBecause both pretty much say the same thing if I take their straight meaning\nfrom the dictionary.\n\nちゃんと活かして diligently/earnestly/perfectly/quickly make the best use\n\nきっちり役立てて precisely/punctually/perfectly/properly make use/put to use.\n\nThe only large difference that there might be, that might necessitate using\nboth when only one might suffice is that the first one seems to deal with\nregularity, saying that the person wants to help often, while the later seems\nto deal with quality of use.\n\nSo this would be\n\n> I want to diligently make the best use of (whatever)\n\nor does someone have a better explanation of the difference and better\nsuggestion for translation?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-11T23:20:40.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55876",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-12T00:34:27.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Nuance in the line ちゃんと活かしてきっちり役立てていきたいんです",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[
{
"body": "From Yahoo Japan 'Chiebukuro' (best answer) 「きちんと」は、 「整然と」「順序よく」という概念が強く、\n「ちゃんと」は、「完全に」「間違わないで」という概念が強い というところが、その違いでしょう。\n\nちゃんと is concerned with 'doing it right', while きちんと is more concerned with the\nmethod and the order that are used to 'do it right'.\n\nちゃんと: Fully, completely, without fail\n\nきちんと/きっちりと: well, precisely, correctly; in proper order, neatly\n\nKeep in mind that context is most important. In the example sentence, as the\nspeaker likely doesn't want to sound redundant, they use two different words\nto signify the same meaning. **In this case, there really isn't much\ndifference in meaning between the two words.**\n\nMy closest translation (highly paraphrased) of the example sentence would be:\n'I want to make full use of my talents and commit to making a difference'.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-12T00:34:27.113",
"id": "55877",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-12T00:34:27.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "55876",
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"score": 2
}
] |
55876
| null |
55877
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55890",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading a story that takes place like 30 years ago, which I think could be\nthe only possible explanation of what I'm going ask. I often see this\nstructure : Verb stem+ になられる as below:\n\n> これほどの大勢で書斎を物色したなど、当主様が知られたらどれほど **お怒りになられる** ことか\n\nHowever, it seems that japanese people pretty much all agree on the fact that\nthis is a wrong usage of 尊敬語. Does that mean that although it was accepted\nbefore, it is not anymore? Or was it always considered as wrong?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-12T15:21:42.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55881",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T01:48:14.770",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-12T15:31:52.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "20501",
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sonkeigo"
],
"title": "Rules regarding 尊敬語 through history",
"view_count": 181
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, this is called [二重敬語]{に・じゅう・けい・ご}. It is grammatically incorrect, but\nsometimes/often(?) used. As with any language, what is \"wrong\" and \"accepted\"\nevolves over time; varies by location, people groups; etc. (e.g.,\n\"irregardless\" in English).\n\nBut technically it is incorrect. [Here is a quick\nreference](http://japanesekeigo.webnode.jp/keigo/questions/nijuukeigo-double-\nkeigo/) for this pattern, but there are many other types of 二重敬語 as well\n(research left to the reader).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-12T17:31:18.650",
"id": "55882",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-12T17:31:18.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "55881",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "二重敬語 is grammatically correct. Since Japanese language began to be recorded in\nsomewhat forms, there have been no periods when people ceased to use it. When\nsomething has used since old time and is still used today, you don't call it\nungrammatical.\n\nOn the other hand, there's misconception even among native speakers that it's\nungrammatical due to an administrative document that says 一般的に適切でないとされる\n(generally considered not decent). In my opinion, however, this meant that you\nshould avoid use overly polite expressions in public speech for the sake of\nkind of political correctness (otherwise it wouldn't make sense because it was\nonce officially used for imperial family member). In private speech, it's\nirrelevant to begin with.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T01:48:14.770",
"id": "55890",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "55881",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55881
|
55890
|
55882
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55885",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Regarding children performing the tea ceremony for their mothers:\n\n> 子どもたちは茶わんが **きれいに見えるように** 回して、お母さんの前にお茶を置きました。 \n> The children rotated the cup so that it looked pretty/clean and placed the\n> tea in front of their mother.\n\nI don't know which part of きれいに見えるように I'm mistranslating but neither of my\ntranslations makes much sense. I understand that rotating the cup is part of\nthe ceremony but my translation isn't providing a sensible explanation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-12T21:56:43.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55884",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T06:03:26.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"adverbs",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Understanding きれいに見えるように",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[
{
"body": "The children rotated/turned the bowl so that it looked pretty/nice to their\nmother, with the (hand) painted design/motif ([模様]{もよう}/[柄]{がら}) facing her\n(i.e. so that the front of the bowl faced her).\n\n例えば、こんな感じで…\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/o8eoP.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-12T22:30:21.957",
"id": "55885",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
55884
|
55885
|
55885
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55892",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A Japanese friend that works as a teacher told me he wants to quit his job and\ncome to work in Europe. I asked why and he answered:\n\n> EUに行くのが夢。 あと、日本社会の中でも教える仕事はスーパーブラック\n\nWhat is the meaning of ブラック in this sentence? I understand it has a negative\nconnotation, but what does it imply actually? Is the job of teacher not\nrespected in Japanese society? I spent one year in Japan and it didn't look\nlike it to me. Does he mean that the job is tiring or underpaid?\n\nIn general, what is the meaning of ブラック when it does not refer to the color?\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T00:20:50.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55886",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T06:22:52.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"katakana",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Meaning of ブラック in this sentence about work",
"view_count": 192
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ブラック refers to\n[ブラック企業](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD)\nor ブラックな仕事, which is a workplace with terrible/illegal working conditions.\nTypically, employees are required to work for a long time, not allowed to have\na day off freely, unpaid for their overtime work, or forced to face chronic\nmental stress.\n\nNote that this can happen even for respected professionals like teachers,\nlawyers and doctors. Such people tended to pride themselves and volunteer to\noverwork so as to meet the high social expectations, and few people seriously\ncared about that. Recently, many people started to consider their working\nenvironments are problematic and illegal.\n\nHe said 日本社会の中 **でも** (\" _even_ in the Japanese society\") because Japan has\nbeen widely considered a hard-working country (cf.\n[Karoshi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C5%8Dshi)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T03:32:39.970",
"id": "55892",
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"score": 7
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] |
55886
|
55892
|
55892
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55888",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is an excerpt from a conversation between me and my language\npartner. This is her reply to a question I had about てform + おく:\n\n「送っておきました」 と 「送りました」 の大きな違いは、行為の前後関係がはっきりしているかどうかです。 動詞のテ形 + おく\nの基本的な意味は、「後に起こることを予想して、前もって何かをする」 ということです。 （ to do something in advance for\nthe future convenience.)\n\n「送っておきました」 が意味するのは、「後でアンドレアスさんにメッセージを書くことを予想して、前もってスタンプを Skype の方に送った」 です。\n「送りました」 の場合、過去形になっているので、メッセージを書くよりも前に送ったことになりますが、メッセージとの関係は示されていません。「送った」\nという事実を言っているだけです。\n\nthe sentence in question: 「送りました」\nの場合、過去形になっているので、メッセージを書くよりも前に送ったことになりますが、メッセージとの関係は示されていません。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"In case of '送りました' , because it is past tense,\neven though it turns out that you have sent it from before writing the\nmessage, you have sent it, concerning the relation to the message, it isn't\nshown.\"\n\nI'm not entirely sure wether I handled the phrase メッセージを書くよりも前に送った correctly.\nI think that メッセージを書くよりも前に refers to the writing of the message to which the\nmeaning of て-form + おく points. 送った should refer to the Skype stickers she sent\nme before she wrote the message to which て-form + おく pointed, right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T00:24:09.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55887",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T07:44:56.557",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-13T07:44:56.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Understanding Vよりも前",
"view_count": 165
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's hard to translate that literally because English does not respond well to\nsubjectless verb constructions.\n\nFor\n\n> 「送りました」 の場合、過去形になっているので、メッセージを書くよりも前に送ったことになりますが、メッセージとの関係は示されていません。\n\nI would translate it as:\n\n> In the case of 「送りました」, because this is in the past tense, it is clear that\n> [they] were sent before typing the message, but it does not indicate any\n> relation with the message.\n\nI don't think \"even though it turns out\" is a good translation for ことになります\nhere. One important thing to remember is that なる・なります sometimes functions as a\ncopula verb in Japanese and doesn't always have the strong connotations of 成る\n/ become.\n\nIn short, what she's trying to explain is that the 〜ておきました (～ておいた) form\nindicates that the action was undertaken as preparation for the other action.\nE.g., I shaved the morning because I wanted to look nice for my interview.\n\nConversely, the ～ました (〜た) past form merely indicates that one event occurred\nbefore another with no clear indication of whether the two events were\nrelated.\n\nておいた tells us did A and did A as preparation for B. \nた tells us did A before B.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T01:13:43.530",
"id": "55888",
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"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "55887",
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"score": 3
}
] |
55887
|
55888
|
55888
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55891",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Page 82 of Fluent Forever's \"Awesome Word List\" for Japanese says that ピンク is\na noun or a な-adjective. However,\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF) says it's a\nの-adjective, and I recall hearing elsewhere that it is a の-adjective. I tried\nchecking Wiktionary, but neither the English-language nor Japanese-language\neditions mentioned what particle it uses.\n\nAs a general side-question, do words either only use な or only use の, or do\nsome words sometimes use either of them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T01:43:20.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55889",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T02:24:34.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Does ピンク use a な-particle?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's basically a の-adjective (or a noun). However, when the \"pink\" means\natmosphere (which is \"horny\" or simply \"happy\"), not a substantial color, it\ncan be a na-adjective. e.g ピンクな雰囲気に包まれた",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T02:24:34.960",
"id": "55891",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "55889",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55889
|
55891
|
55891
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55898",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "It doesn't seem to have any of the \"to become\" meaning that the normal meaning\nhas. In most translations there is usually no mention of \"becoming\" at all.\nThen what purpose does naru serve then?\n\nAlso 大いなる. 大いなる力 referred to an already existing great power in a show and it\ndidn't have to 'become' great.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T09:23:02.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55893",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T18:18:25.497",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-13T12:24:30.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "22417",
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"adjectives",
"copula"
],
"title": "What does なる mean in words like 完全なる＆聖なる？",
"view_count": 850
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's an old form of な, essentially. More specifically, it's the attributive of\nなり, an old verb equivalent to だ・である. なる is a little bit broader than な in use,\nhowever; you can place なる after basically any noun. A common example is 母なる大地\n- Mother Earth. Sometimes it's necessary even in modern language, but most of\nits modern use is simply to make things sound more grandiose.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T09:33:47.187",
"id": "55894",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T09:33:47.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "55893",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "[Here is the answer ( Wiki\n)](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A)\n\nMy answer or quote is almost same with that of Aketoshi san, so I don't\nunderstand why his answer was downboted.\n\nAnyhow, from the link,\n\nIt comes from the old Japanese way of use.\n\nIt is the remnant of the 4th form of the 古典日本語( Old Japanese ), which in much\nolder time, being にあり、but shortened to なり。\n\nThe translation of the 4th form.\n\n> 4 状態・性質を表す。 三寸ばかりなる人、いとうつくしうてゐたり。（竹取物語）\n>\n> 4 denote the condition, nature, characteristic.\n>\n> There was a charming boy who is about 三寸 tall. ( Sanzun ( about 9.18cm )) [(\n> 竹取物語 ( Taketori Monogatari )\n> )](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Bamboo_Cutter)\n\nThe auxiliary's conjucated form is, as you can see too,\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qfoiS.jpg)\n\nSo 大いなる、完全なる、聖なる are divided to\n\n> 大い(adjective, meaning big)+なる(this auxiliary)\n>\n> 完全(noun, meaning perfect)+なる(same)\n>\n> 聖(noun, meaning holy)+なる(same)\n\nrespectively, taking the attributive form of the conjucation.\n\nSo, Aketoshi san's answer is not wrong.\n\nSince this form is the inheritance of the old meaning, today's \"to become\" can\nnot be applied.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T18:18:25.497",
"id": "55898",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55893
|
55898
|
55894
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between my language partner and\nme: YouTube\nで馬肉とニンニク料理のレポートを観ましたよ。馬肉と言えば、九州、特に熊本県だと思っていましたが、調べてみると、青森県も馬肉生産量で３位に入っていました。\n\nThe sentence in question:\n馬肉と言えば、九州、特に熊本県だと思っていましたが、調べてみると、青森県も馬肉生産量で３位に入っていました。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Speaking of horsemeat, even though I think that it\nis kyushu and especially Kumamoto, when you (try to) check it up, Aomori also\nhas entered the 3rd rank in the production of horsemeat.\"\n\nWhile the \"try out\" semantics of て-form + 見る can be applied without a problem\nhere, I don't see what it adds to the sentence. Therefore it feels a little\nredundant, that's why I wanted to ask wether there is more to it than what the\nstandard translation for this pattern reveals.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T10:37:21.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55895",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T22:50:16.000",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-13T11:37:10.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Why is て-form + 見る used here?",
"view_count": 147
}
|
[] |
55895
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55899",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I can't really think of a sensible context to be honest. Let's say I want to\nsay that I can eat right now but I don't know for how long I'll be able to, so\nI use the progressive form.\n\nIs there a difference in the meaning between these forms:\n\n食べていられる\n\n食べられている\n\nAs for ことができる construction, which verb should be conjugated to progressive in\nsuch case?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T15:33:51.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55897",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-14T13:36:18.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25801",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to combine progressive form and potential form?",
"view_count": 568
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is there a difference in the meaning between these forms:\n>\n> 食べていられる\n>\n> 食べられている\n\nI would like to ask you, do you mean by \"progressive\" to mean \"to keep\neating\"?\n\nIn that case, the upper 食べていられる would be good, though it a bit sounds without\nany limit IMO.\n\nThe lower would sound to Japanese as either\n\n1 the honorific expression\n\nor\n\n2 the passive expression\n\nIMO, which would fall would depend on the prior or latter texts.\n\nProbably another \"form\" of the \"progressive style\" would be,\n\n食べ続｛つづけ｝ける事｛こと｝ができる, meaning, to keep eating.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T18:31:49.757",
"id": "55899",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T18:31:49.757",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "55897",
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},
{
"body": "> Let's say I want to say that I can eat right now but I don't know for how\n> long I'll be able to, so I use the progressive form.\n\nKentaro's answer was was good. I would just suggest a couple other\npossibilities: 今しばらく食べ続けられる or とりあえず食べ続ける事ができる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T20:27:25.787",
"id": "55901",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-13T20:27:25.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55897",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "* 「食べていられる」 -- The progressive 「食べている」 (\"be eating\") is given the potential modality. The resulting expression is parallel to \"be able to be eating\" or \"can be eating\". Example:\n\n> こんな状況でよく **食べていられる** な。 \"How **can** you **be eating** in a situation like\n> this?\"\n\n * 「食べられている」 -- The potential 「食べられる」 (\"be able to eat\" or \"can eat\") is given the progressive aspect. The result is parallel to\" be being able to eat\". Example:\n\n> 体調がよくなったので、今はちゃんと **食べられている** 。\n>\n> \"My health has improved, so I **am being able to eat** well right now. \"\n> (Awkward, admittedly, but illustrates the point, hopefully.)\n\nThere are in fact multiple possible readings (three, as far as I can tell) for\nthe stem 「食べられ」 in 「食べられている」, including passive and honorific, and potential\nis one of them.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T13:08:27.207",
"id": "55927",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-14T13:36:18.007",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 5
}
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55897
|
55899
|
55927
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55916",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the significance (if any) of a repeated radical in a Kanji character?\n\nI have been learning Kanji for almost a year now. In the early days my\nassumption would have been that repeating a radical would emphasise\nquantity/intensity/scale in an intuitive way such as with the following\ncharacters:\n\n> # 木 林 森\n\nNow I am starting to come across Kanji with repeated radicals where the\nmeaning (at least to me) isn't as obvious. I notice they almost always appear\nas adjacent pairs.\n\n> # 談 態 曜 歌",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T19:57:05.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55900",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-23T15:18:22.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"radicals"
],
"title": "What is the significance of a repeated radical in a Kanji character?",
"view_count": 1648
}
|
[
{
"body": "What you are referring to are called 理義字. Radicals containing more strokes are\nmore likely to emphasize quantity/intensity/scale as you have mentioned: 轟\n(roaring), the sound of many carriages. 昌(clear) and 晶(crystal) follow a\nsimilar pattern.\n\nFor 談, the two 火 together indicate burning. Together with 言 they would\nindicate 'hot conversation' or 'discourse'.\n\nSome 理義字 are merely simplified from the original kanji to repeat the same\nradical with no further meaning. Others, such as 曜, used to mean something\nelse (a flying bird next to the sun = bright), and later came to represent the\ncontemporary meaning.\n\nThis might be a bit above my ability to explain properly. I would just suggest\nthat sometimes they can be read more literally, sometimes they have evolved\nfrom more literal meanings, and sometimes they are simple representations of\nmore complex Chinese characters.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T21:20:27.523",
"id": "55903",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-23T15:18:22.870",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "In general, don't overinterpret repeated components. It's inconsistent and\nlargely a hit-and-miss exercise.\n\nSometimes they just mean \"lots of\" the single repeated component, or some\nextended meaning from that. For example, in addition to 「木」->「林」->「森」, there\nis\n\n * 「火」( _fire_ ) ->「炎」( _blaze_ )\n * 「屮」( _sprouting plant_ , not used as an individual character) ->「艸」(full character form of 艹, _grass radical_ )\n * 「人」( _person_ ) ->「衆」( _crowd_ ; the bottom was actually originally 3「人」, as can be seen in the Taiwan variant「眾」)\n * 「」( _right hand_ , top left component of「右」) ->「友」( _friend_ , two right hands) \n * Note that「又」was also originally a picture of a right hand; the meaning _again/also_ is a phonetic loan, and had nothing to do with the character itself.)\n * 「一」->「二」->「三」(trivial example)\n * There are also plenty of Chinese-only examples that I won't mention here.\n\nOther times, they don't have anything in particular to do with the whole\ncharacter, like all the rest of your examples.\n\n * 「[談]{だん}」is just a word meaning _to discuss_ that has a semantic component「言」and a phonetic component「[炎]{えん}」. \n * There was an ancient variant「譚」that meant and was pronounced exactly the same as「談」; neither「譚」nor「談」, nor other characters which use「炎」as a phonetic component, such as「[淡]{だん}」( _dilute_ ) or「[毯]{たん}」( _carpet_ ), have anything to do with _fire_.\n * 「[態]{たい}」( _manner_ ; c.f. [態度]{たいど}, _attitude_ ) has a semantic component「心」and a phonetic component「能」, which had a very ancient alternative pronunciation of「ない」. \n * The repeated component「匕」doesn't actually contribute to the meaning of「能」at all, because「能」( _ability_ ) was originally a phonetic loan, and cannot be broken down; the original character was a full-fledged picture of a type of bear, where「匕」was the bear's legs: \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/N6bZV.png)\n\n * _Bear_ is now written「熊」to differentiate the character from the meaning of _ability_.\n * 「曜」just has a semantic component「日」and a phonetic component「翟」. \n * 「翟」had an Old Chinese pronunciation ***lˤewk** , while for「曜」, The pronunciation evolved in accordance to **/*lewk-s/** (Old Chinese) -> **/jiᴇuʰ/** (Middle Chinese) -> **よう** (Japanese On'yomi).\n * The repeated component「习」cannot be separated from「羽」, which was originally a picture of _feathers_.\n * 「翟」originally referred to a type of bird: \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OA8k9.png)\n\n * 「[歌]{か}」just has a semantic component「欠」and phonetic component「[哥]{か}」. \n * 「欠」was originally a depiction of a person with an open mouth: \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Z8qJI.png) \nThe meaning _to lack_ is an extension from the original meaning. Other\ncharacters which feature「欠」as a semantic component include 吹 ( _to blow_ ) and\n歎 ( _to sigh_ , variant of 嘆).\n\n * 「哥」itself is an ancient variant of「歌」and is no longer used for the meaning _song_. It is a reduplication of「[可]{か}」, which also originally meant _song_ , but very early on shed this meaning and took on the role of a phonetic loan for _can, be able to, permissible_. These original meanings of「哥」and「可」were entirely lost through the course of history, and you shouldn't view「哥」as \"lots of 可\".",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T02:41:13.023",
"id": "55916",
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55900
|
55916
|
55916
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55905",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The following is an excerpt from a conversation between me and my language\npartner: クジラ肉は規制があるので、食べる機会は少ないのですが、私が住んでいる地域では、馬肉より手に入りやすいです\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Concerning whalemeat, because there are\nregulations, chances to eat (it) are few and concerning the prefecture I live\nin, horse meat is the easiest to go into your hand.\" I've never before\nencountered より in the function of marking the superlative, only comparison\n(...のほう...より...) and in the function of \"from\". So I wanted to ask whether I\ngot it right here ^^",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T20:46:57.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55902",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-13T23:36:40.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-より"
],
"title": "Is より used in superlative function here?",
"view_count": 192
}
|
[
{
"body": "手に入る would be closest to 'acquire' or 'get' in English.\n\n（クジラ肉は）馬肉より手に入りやすい。\n\nMy translation would be 'There are regulations on whale meat, so there are\nfewer chances to eat it. However, where I live, it is easier to get than horse\nmeat.'.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T21:34:55.313",
"id": "55904",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-13T23:19:41.010",
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{
"body": "> クジラ肉は規制があるので、食べる機会は少ないのですが、私が住んでいる地域では、馬肉 **より** 手に入りやすいです。\n\nI find that より normally translates well as 'rather than' or 'compared to'. In\nthis case the latter translation works best:\n\n> 馬肉 **より** 手に入りやすいです \n> compared to horse meat it's easy to get.\n\nSo it's not a superlative but a comparison just like you expected.\n\n> Because whale meat is regulated there aren't many chances to eat it, but in\n> the area where I live it's easier to get than horse meat.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T21:38:38.303",
"id": "55905",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "日本語{にほんご}で失礼{しつれい}します。\n\n文のうち、\n\n> （クジラ肉は）規制があるので、食べる機会は少ないの **ですが** \n> **But** there are not many chances to eat whale meat because it is\n> regulated (by Washington Convention?)\n\nこれは補足的{ほそくてき}な文{ぶん}です。敬語{けいご}（です）と一緒{いっしょ}に消します。\n\n> クジラ肉は、私が住んでいる地域では、馬肉より手に入りやすい\n\n位置{いち}を交換{こうかん}します。\n\n> 私が住んでいる地域では、クジラ肉は、馬肉より **手に入りやすい** \n> Whale meat is easier to obtain than horse meat in the area where I live, .\n\n手に入りやすい＝手に入（る）＋（し）易{やす}い\n\n手に入る means \"obtain\".\n\nし易{やす}い、やりやすい means \"do easily\".\n\n> クジラ肉 **は** 、馬肉 **より**\n\n\"より\"は、比較{ひかく}、対比{たいひ}（comparison, more than）です。\n\n\"the easiest\"ではなく、\"easier than\"になります。\n\nFinally,\n\n> 私が住んでいる地域では、クジラ肉は、馬肉より手に入りやすいです \n> Whale meat is easier to obtain than horse meat in the area where I live. \n> ですが、クジラ肉は規制されているので、食べる機会は少ないです \n> But there are not many chances to eat because it is regulated.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T23:25:17.770",
"id": "55908",
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] |
55902
|
55905
|
55905
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm wondering about the difference between 〜ようにする vs 〜ようと思う, which both\nexpress intention. Here's an example sentence from A Dictionary of Basic\nJapanese Grammar (pg 562).\n\n> 私は毎日運動するようにする。\n>\n> I'll make sure that I do exercises everyday.\n\nChanging this to the volitional form 〜ようと思う, and my best translation:\n\n> 私は毎日運動しようと思う。\n>\n> I think I will exercise everyday.\n\nDo the English translations capture the nuance in both sentences (the former\nseems to express a higher level of intention)? If not, what is the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T22:27:57.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55906",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T00:12:01.613",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "〜ようにする vs 〜ようと思う",
"view_count": 1766
}
|
[
{
"body": "毎日運動する、毎日運動しなければ、毎日運動するつもりである、etc. would be showing clear intent to exercise\nmore.\n\n毎日運動するようにする is kind of wishy-washy. I'm gonna try to do some exercise\n(although I really don't really have that much passion for it). It is not\n'make sure that'\n\nI think your translation for 毎日運動しようと思う would be fine. I think, though, that\nit would be more common to say 毎日運動しようと思っています。 'I'm thinking about (planning\non) exercising everyday.'\n\n[Please read here](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/1799547.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-13T23:37:10.040",
"id": "55909",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-14T01:54:15.060",
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},
{
"body": "I think the key difference between two versions is that the former is passive\nand somewhat more apologetic and the latter is more proactive.\n\nFor example, if a doctor tells you to exercise regularly, you'd tell him\n`毎日運動するようにします`. If a mother scolds you that your report card was horrible,\nyou'd say `毎日勉強するようにするから`\n\n`私は毎日運動しようと思う` has a feel that you planned it, and you are initiating that\nchange. It feels more positive.\n\nIn both cases, I think your translation is spot on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T00:12:01.613",
"id": "59698",
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}
] |
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| null |
59698
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{
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a conversation between me and my language\npartner: ニンニクも植えていますので、丸ごとアルミホイルで包み、オーブンで焼いて食べることがあります。\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Because we also grow garlic, we also eat it baking\nit fully wrapped in aluminium in the oven.\"\n\nI translated 包み as \"wrapped\" because I couldn't find a way to translate it as\na noun. Even if my translation is right, Im still very confused because there\nis NOTHING attached to it, no する, no particle, no nothing. I rather expect\nthat my translation is wrong, but then again I don't know how to translate\nthis in a different way.\n\nThen there is \"dictionary form (present) + ことがあります\"。 I actually only know of\nた-form + ことがあります. I translated it without any semantical additions, even\nthough I found a source where the \"dictionary form (present) + ことがあります\"\npattern is described: <http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B-koto-ga-aru/>\nI'm not sure wether I should translate it as it is described there since my\nsentence is lacking the adverb たまに. However, I got the impression that the\n\"dictionary form (present) + ことがあります\" pattern expresses this \"there are\ntimes...\" meaning by itself. But I don't know, so I wanted to ask you^^",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T00:44:45.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55910",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-14T03:55:23.620",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-14T03:55:23.620",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"conjugations",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does 丸ごとアルミホイルで包み mean here?",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[] |
55910
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55914",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Sentence in question: ほっくりしていて香りもきつくなく、おいしいですよ。\n\nI cant find a translation for ほっくり on jisho.org. Anyone here who can help?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T00:48:11.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55911",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "what is the meaning of ほっくり?",
"view_count": 401
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am not sure about the regional dialect though, I expect something is warm\nand puffy. As in the last answer probably wrapping up potatoes with an\naluminium foil and heat it up, when you eat it, it tastes soft and warm air\ninflating in your mouth.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T01:02:35.133",
"id": "55912",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-14T01:02:35.133",
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},
{
"body": "> **ほっくりして** いて香りもきつくなく、おいしいですよ。\n\nYou can think of it as a variant of the onomatopoeia 「ほくほく」...\n\nExamples of this kind of variants: ふんわり - ふわふわ, びっしょり - びしょびしょ, がっちり - がちがち,\nもっちり - もちもち, こっそり - こそこそ, ぼんやり - ぼやぼや, じんわり - じわじわ, etc... these pairs have\nalmost the same meaning, if not always interchangeable.\n\nほっくり / ほくほく mean:\n\n> ほっくり〘副詞ト〙 \n> 食べ物があたたかいさま。また、ふかしたての芋などが、水分が少なく味にこくがあるさま。「 **ほっくりとした** カボチャの煮物」 \n> (明鏡国語辞典)\n\n> ほくほく 〘副詞ト〙 \n> ② ふかしたての芋などが、水分が少なくて味にこくがあるさま。「 **ほくほくした** 焼き芋」 \n> (明鏡国語辞典)\n\n> ほくほく \n> ２〔煮物などが柔らかくほぐれる様子〕 \n> このいもは **ほくほくして** うまい \n> What a good potato! It _has a light, dry texture_. \n> ([プログレッシブ英和中辞典](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/70070/meaning/m1u/))\n\n> ほくほく \n> ２ 〈芋などが〉 **ほくほくする** \n> _be not soggy and taste very good_. \n>\n> ([研究社新和英中辞典](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%8F%E3%81%BB%E3%81%8F))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T01:33:09.840",
"id": "55914",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "55911",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "[From\nKotobank.jp:](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8A-673630)\n\n［副］(スル)ほかほかとあたたかく、やわらかいさま。ほくほく。「ほっくり（と）したカボチャ」\n\nWarm, fluffy, and soft.\n\nVarious onomatopoeia exist for this word. For examply, ほっかほっか亭 is the name of\na fast food chain, which name connotes warm and fluffy products.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T02:24:24.597",
"id": "55915",
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}
] |
55911
|
55914
|
55912
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm wondering why we use で with 休暇 and why it can't be に like in 夏休みに.\n\nUpdate: In the sentence,「私たちは **休暇で** ここに来ました。海辺のホテルに泊まっていました。」, I wondered\nwhy they used で instead of に.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T03:16:09.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55917",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-17T01:20:00.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11410",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Why is it 休暇で and not 休暇に?",
"view_count": 348
}
|
[
{
"body": "I see no evidence for what you suggest. Do you have the full sentence that you\nare referencing?\n\n[See here for example using\nに](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BC%91%E6%9A%87%E3%81%AB%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8B)\n\nEdit: As I was getting downvotes, I've decided to copy/paste my answer here.\n\n休暇で means 'for break/for vacation', rather than 'during (on) break/during (on)\nvacation'. 私たちは休暇に入りました would be 'We went on vacation.'. This would be the\nsame structure as in the example link I posted 休暇に入る, to enter a vacation\nperiod. As I haven't studied the language in a while (just used it daily), I\ncan't explain the difference well grammatically. Go to ejje.weblio.jp/sentence\nand type in 休暇で and 休暇に and it will give you many example sentences. Learning\nby real usage is usually the best way to get it to click.\n\nThat being said, 休暇中に might be easier to use for 'during the break'.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T05:00:00.300",
"id": "55918",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-14T07:20:38.197",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-14T07:20:38.197",
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},
{
"body": "> 私たちは休暇 **で** ここに来ました。 \n> 私たちは休暇 **に** ここに来ました。\n\nIn fact, both can be correct Japanese, if the context allows. But I guess, in\nmost cases, what you want to say is the former one.\n\n> 私たちは休暇でここに来ました。海辺のホテルに泊まっていました。\n\n * \"We've been here for vacation. We've been staying at a hotel by the sea.\"\n * \"We were here for vacation. We were staying at a hotel by the sea.\"\n\nIt will be ungrammatical if you interpret this で as a time/space marker,\nbecause 休暇 is neither a place nor a one-time event. Instead, it should be\nunderstood as reason or means. Therefore 休暇で means \"because of vacation\" or\n\"making use of vacation\", which you'd put in English _for/on vacation_.\n\n> 私たちは休暇にここに来ました。海辺のホテルに泊まっていました。\n\n * \"We were here during a vacation. We were staying at a hotel by the sea.\"\n\nOne possible interpretation of に here is \"at\", in other words, a certain point\nin time or space. Then the sentence consequently can be only a remark about a\npast thing (Japanese -た itself could be either past or perfect), because it is\nnot possible to conceptualize an event you are still involved in as a timeless\npoint.\n\n* * *\n\n * \"We've been here in order to have a vacation. We've been staying at a hotel by the sea.\"\n * \"We were here in order to have a vacation. We were staying at a hotel by the sea.\"\n\nThere is another possibility, that the に means objective. This will just sound\nas much as the English sentences, so... may be usable under some situations,\nfor example, when they're asked about the purpose of their trip, or when they\nhave little choice but to come here if they want to take a vacation etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-21T07:13:26.757",
"id": "57415",
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}
] |
55917
| null |
55918
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55921",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Based on what I was able to find, both means \"one day\" except ある日 is used when\nreferring to a certain day. Could I use these words interchangeably? or are\nthere situations where using one is unacceptable/improper?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T05:13:23.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55919",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ある日 and 一日",
"view_count": 1325
}
|
[
{
"body": "The meaning of one day you found is the one in the sense of \"a certain day\",\ni.e. referring to a day without saying exactly which. An example in English\nis:\n\n```\n\n One day, he went out and never came back.\n \n```\n\nSo please keep this in mind. This is not the 'one day' from the sequence of\none day, two days, three days etc.\n\nSo now let us go through the examples as outlined in [this dictionary\nentry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/12867/meaning/m0u/). The meaning of\nall the synonyms is 'a certain day' or 'one day' as explained above (I will\nuse both these in that meaning interchangeably).\n\n * ある日{ひ} is probably the most prominent example here. It is used like\n\n> 数日{すうじつ}たった **ある日** 一通{いっつう}の手紙{てがみ}が届{とど}いた\n>\n> **one day** , after numerous days passed, a letter arrived\n\n * 一日{いちにち} cannot be used interchangeably with ある日 but by preceding it with a noun and の it can be similar in meaning\n\n> 春{はる}の **一日** 、ひなびた山峡{さんきょう}を訪{たず}ねた\n>\n> **One day** in spring, I visited the rural ravine\n\n * 某日{ぼうじつ} should be clear from the characters employed to quite literally mean 'some day', in that sense I guess you could interchange it with あるひ\n\n> 某月{ぼうげつ} **某日** 、誰{だれ}それに会{あ}ったというメモが書{か}き残{のこ}されていた\n>\n> The memo said that some month **and some day** , a certain so-and-so was met\n\n * 一日{ひとひ} is actually very rarely used and always needs furigana since one would normally read this as いちにち. But this could be exchanged with ある日.\n\n> **ひと日** 、郊外{こうがい}に遊{あそ}ぶ\n>\n> **One day** , we played in the outskirts.\n\nNow it is important to notice the last paragraph of that dictionary entry: ある日\nis by far the most widely used and pretty much the sole one used in\nconversational Japanese. The latter three do appear in novels every now and\nthen, but this is really confined to the literary world (especially the latter\ntwo).\n\nSo the answer to your question: Can one use them interchangeably\n\n * ある日 and 一日{いちにち}: **no**. To make it work you have to construct something like 春の一日 and then it is only literary Japanese.\n\n * ある日 and 一日{ひとひ}: **only in literary Japanese**.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T06:04:05.880",
"id": "55921",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
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55919
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55921
|
55921
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55923",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been reading manga by myself for some time, and I've been noticing\nsentences where the て-form takes the role of a past tense marker (that is, the\nrole of the た-form). At first I was letting it slide, but it keeps appearing\nin more and more cases and it's bugging me.\n\nTo put you an example, this is the most recent case I've stumbled upon (it's a\ngirl talking about her experiences after visiting a game center):\n\n> パンチングゲームしてたら、プロボクサーがパンチの打{う}ち方{かた}を教{おし}えてくれ **て** ！それで打{う}ったらすごい気{き}持{も}ちよ\n> **くて** ！\n\nI'm far from being an expert, but given the usage of the 〜たら conditional and\nthe fact that she is talking about past experiences... wouldn't be more\ncorrect to use the た-form and say:\n\n> パンチングゲームしてたら、プロボクサーがパンチの打{う}ち方{かた}を教{おし}えてくれ **た** ！それで打{う}ったらすごい気{き}持{も}ちよ\n> **かった** ！\n\nOne possibility I thought of, is that she's using the て-form as a conjunctive\nform that would eventually lead to a final verb that would genuinely be in the\nた-form. Like, for example:\n\n> …を教{おし}えてくれ **て** 、それで彼{かれ}の顔{かお}を打{う}っ **た** ！\n\nBut she stops talking (a friend replies to her), she doesn't say more things\nabout her visit to the game center, that final verb in the た-form doesn't\nappear. And it doesn't appear either in the other cases I've come across.\n\nSo... I don't know anymore, I hope you could help me!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T06:03:24.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55920",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-14T09:13:51.837",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-14T06:13:32.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "27297",
"owner_user_id": "27297",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"colloquial-language",
"conjunctions",
"past"
],
"title": "Can the て-form be used as a た-form substitute?",
"view_count": 253
}
|
[
{
"body": "The constant use of the て ending is common among some younger people to try to\nsound casual or tough. The first て usage would be grammatical (if there were a\ncomma instead of an exclamation point), while the second is not. ヤンキーっぽい.\nゲーセンの子のマネをしないように。 For your last example, instead of それで (consequently), I\nwould use それから.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T06:50:33.967",
"id": "55922",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-14T06:50:33.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55920",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Your intuition is mostly on point.\n\n> One possibility I thought of, is that she's using the て-form as a\n> conjunctive form that would eventually lead to a final verb that would\n> genuinely be in the た-form.\n\nThis is the general idea behind ending sentences with the て form - that there\nis some omitted remainder of the sentence, left out because it was obvious to\nthe listener, irrelevant, or for some other reason. That said, in practice,\nit's not always true. Sometimes people just end sentences like that.\n\nThe second and third examples in [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/26041/7705) are also worth\nlooking at, but to address your post specifically:\n\n> パンチングゲームしてたら、プロボクサーがパンチの[打]{う}ち[方]{かた}を[教]{おし}えてくれて！\n\nThis is less of an omission and more of the train of thought that she is\ntrying to express not really being over. The next sentence is pretty much a\ncontinuation of the same idea. It may help to think of this more as a pause in\nspeech than the actual definitive end of her sentence.\n\n> それで[打]{う}ったらすごい[気]{き}[持]{も}ちよくて！\n\nThe sentence is not really over in the strictly grammatical sense, but there's\nno real way to know where it was going from here, if anywhere at all. I\nsuspect the mangaka just wrote it this way to reflect a common speech pattern.\n\nNote that this pattern can also be used to explain something, like:\n\n> Aさん：なんで遅刻しましたか？\n>\n> Bさん：大雨のせいで交通事故があって。。。\n\nIn this case, the idea is that the sentence would have ended with \"遅刻しました。\"\nbut the speaker didn't feel the need to say that, given the context.\n\nAdditionally, it can also be used to give the other person a chance to\ninterject with an acknowledgement that they are listening, such as `うんうん` or\n`そうか`, like:\n\n> Aさん：昨日暑すぎて早く家帰りたいと思ってね\n>\n> Bさん：うんうん\n>\n> Aさん：でも実際帰ったら、冷房が壊れて家もめっちゃ暑かった！大変だったよ！",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T06:53:02.303",
"id": "55923",
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"parent_id": "55920",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55920
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55923
|
55923
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55925",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[copied from Anime SE at moderator's suggestion]\n\n* * *\n\nThere is a 2008 anime-original series called [Net Ghost\nPiPoPa](http://www.crunchyroll.com/web-ghosts-pipopa). (For some reason, the\nversion streaming on Crunchyroll is called \"Web Ghosts PiPoPa\", but the\nHepburn is **Netto Gōsuto Pipopa**. Thus I'll stick with the name given by\n[MyAnimeList](https://myanimelist.net/anime/4051/Net_Ghost_Pipopa) and the\nEnglish [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_Ghost_PiPoPa).) It is a\nkid show about a boy (Yuta) getting trapped in the Internet.\n\nAnyway, Yuta meets three friends, Pit, Pot, and Pat (pronounced _pitto_ ,\n_potto_ , and _patto_ ). They are web ghosts and live there. From their very\nfirst meeting, Yuta refers to them as a single entity **PiPoPa**. The\nWikipedia entry refers to this name as \"an onomatopoeia of computer beeps\". Is\nconcatenating three alliterative names like that something a Japanese child\nmight do? It strikes me as very odd, not to mention naming the three obviously\nseparate individuals as one entity. They also make it clear that they do not\nlike being called \"PiPoPa\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YIp1N.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T07:07:27.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55924",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-14T07:30:07.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22672",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"names",
"anime"
],
"title": "Why concatenate three names into \"PiPoPa\"?",
"view_count": 466
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese love both onomatopoeia and abbreviating things. If Takase and\nNakamura were on the same team, you might call that the 'Takamura Team', or\nsomething similar. A little cheesy, but not unheard of. The name of a popular\nbeverage producer, 小岩井 (Koiwai) comes from the names of three men: Mr. Ono,\nMr. Iwasaki, and Mr. Inoue. The fact the PiPoPa sounds like computer noises\njust makes it even kitchier.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T07:30:07.630",
"id": "55925",
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55924",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
55924
|
55925
|
55925
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55969",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between me and my language\npartner.\n\n> 「ささやく」についてですが、この動詞は、自動詞と他動詞、両方の使い方ができます。\n>\n> 「大蒜の神さまです」 と彼女はうやうやしくささやいた。 \n> **と** 他動詞として使うこともできます **し** 、\n>\n> 「大蒜の神さまです」 と彼女はささやくように言った。 \n> **のように、** 自動詞として「ように」とつなげて使うこともできます。 \n> （「ように」 については、あとで説明します）\n\nThe parts in bold are the ones which I'm not quite sure wether they were\nintended. 1) I have no idea what the first と is supposed to do there. Really\nnothing. 2) できますし。I guess it could be し making the verb chuushi form, but I\ndon't see how this would lead to a meaningful sentence combined with\n「大蒜の神さまです」 と彼女はささやくように言った。 3) のように confused me at first, but I guess it is a\ncasual way to say that she is going to say something about ように. \"About ように\" I\nguess is what shall be expressed by that?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T16:05:44.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55928",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T14:40:27.287",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T14:40:27.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"quotes"
],
"title": "Is starting with a と a typo? Is ending with a し a typo?",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is no typo. You need to notice there is one big sentence with two\nembedded (or in-lined) example sentences. An English equivalent is something\nlike this.\n\n> As for ささやく, there are both intransitive and transitive usages.\n>\n> You can use it as a transitive verb _**like**_ :\n>\n\n>> 「大蒜の神さまです」 と彼女はうやうやしくささやいた。\n\n>\n> _**...and**_ you can also use it as an intransitive verb that is followed by\n> ように, _**like**_ :\n>\n\n>> 「大蒜の神さまです」 と彼女はささやくように言った。\n\n 1. This と is a simple quotative particle. The quoted part is the first example sentence right before it.\n 2. This し is a way to [connect two verbs](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-japanese-grammar-33/) in a sentence. Note that the sentence does not end at this point because the punctuation mark right after it is a comma (`、`). As you can see, colon (`:`) and ellipsis (`...`) are commonly used for this purpose in English.\n 3. This の here is a simple connecting particle that relates two nouns. The first \"noun\" is the second example sentence right before it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T05:18:27.563",
"id": "55969",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T05:36:30.903",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55928",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55928
|
55969
|
55969
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The passage in question is an excerpt from a novel.\n\nBackground info: B is an inventor who works for the government in the story's\nuniverse and has created his own mechanism in secret that is capable of\ngathering various information on the public (their identity, whereabouts,\nactivity etc.) that surpasses the mechanisms the government already uses. A is\nhis assistant.\n\n> A: it's only natural a mechanism invented by you would surpass the others\n> currently in use. Though, I wonder what could have possibly occurred that\n> caused you to invent your own mechanism?\n>\n> B (ケン): Putting your trust in things so easily is a foolish act that lowers\n> our performance. そこは『足りぬ脳味噌で熟考を重ねて検証もしたが、やはりケンの造り上げた機構の方が全てにおいて上だ』と言い給え。\n\nI'm having troubles parsing the part I left untranslated in B's dialogue.\n\nI tried breaking it down like so:\n\n> そこは~と言い給え - to say here that ~\n>\n> 足りぬ脳味噌で - [with/through/by using] inadequate brainpower.\n>\n> 熟考を重ねて検証もしたが - carefully considering re-examination too, but~\n>\n> やはりケンの造り上げた機構の方が全てにおいて上だ - as expected, a mechanism created by Ken is better\n> in everything.\n\nIt's hard to see how this all fits together.\n\nI would be so grateful if someone could correct me where I've gone wrong!",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T19:09:38.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55930",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T12:39:44.353",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27304",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"parsing"
],
"title": "A question about parsing this complex passage",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[] |
55930
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A friend of mine is named Maida (female), and it got me thinking...since the\nname Maeda is a japanese name, and has it’s own Kanji, would Maida (spelled\nwith an i) be a japanese name? And does it have it’s own Kanji?\n\nI searched 毎田 and it turns out that an old japanese buddhist thinker by the\nname Maida did exist...a guy (lol) but that doesn’t matter.\n\nAnyways, would Maida be considered a japanese name and is the kanji; 毎田 even\nsomething that sounds remotely right?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T19:57:56.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55931",
"last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T05:24:28.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27305",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Would the name Maida be considered a “Japanese name”",
"view_count": 561
}
|
[
{
"body": "Maida does not sound weird as a **surname / family name** , but it's fairly\nrare and I personally know no one with that name. I don't know how you came up\nwith 毎田, but \"Maida\" could also be 舞田, 真井田, 米田, 馬出 and so on.\n\nAs a given name, it sounds peculiar to me. Do you understand Japanese family\nnames come before given names? 毎田 is the **family name** of [this Buddhist\nthinker](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8E%E7%94%B0%E5%91%A8%E4%B8%80).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T05:01:07.443",
"id": "55967",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T11:44:54.327",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T11:44:54.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55931",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I am Japanese liveing 40+years. I never have met Maida-san for her Family Name\nbefore. But it sound comfortable to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-12T01:01:41.793",
"id": "57876",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-12T01:08:05.723",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-12T01:08:05.723",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29526",
"parent_id": "55931",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
55931
| null |
55967
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55941",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In English, you have the following phenomenon:\n\n> ○ I sometimes play jazz piano.\n>\n> ? I rarely play jazz piano.\n\nThat is, when you have a predicate that usually does not take place, you can\nuse \"sometimes\" with it, but \"rarely\" is weird without further context, like\n\"I play various styles of piano, but I rarely play jazz piano.\"\n\nThat is to say, \"rarely\" is not just specifying that the frequency you do the\naction is very low, but that you are somehow doing it less than expected.\n\nYou can contrast this with ○\"I play jazz piano every once in a blue moon\",\nwhich really just is saying you play jazz piano with a very low frequency.\n\nLinguistically, I think this means \"rarely\" has a \"negative polarity\". As\nsupporting syntactic evidence, it licenses negative polarity items like \"any\":\n○\"I (never→)rarely see _any_ of them\", vs ×\"I (always→)sometimes see _any_ of\nthem\".\n\nIs 稀に negative like \"rarely\", or can you use it naturally with the following\nsentence?\n\n> ○たまにジャズピアノを弾きます。\n>\n> （○／？）稀にジャズピアノを弾きます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T23:24:52.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55933",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-15T12:19:00.900",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"polarity-items"
],
"title": "Does 稀に have negative polarity?",
"view_count": 489
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't believe that 稀に has a negative inference as does めったに. 稀にis generally\npositive.\n\nAs an example of it being used to refer to 'rarely' in a positive sense:\n稀に起こらない事故/事件 would be '(Fortunately) An accident/incident that occurs\nrarely.'.\n\nAs an example of it being used to refer to 'rarely' in another sense:\nこの薬はまれに副作用が起こる場合があります。'This medicine has rare occurrences of side effects.'\nThis is a positive spin on a negative occurrence, i.e: fortunately rare.\n\nSee [this\npage](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1476244934)\nfor a Yahoo Q&A post answer on the subject (including めったに) or [this\npage](https://hinative.com/zh-TW/questions/1027789) for a HiNative Q&A answer\n(Question is in Chinese).\n\nたまに would be quite different in frequency, but generally positive.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T02:27:24.140",
"id": "55938",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-15T02:27:24.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "No, I don't believe 稀に has negative polarity. I think 「稀にジャズピアノを弾きます」 sounds\nmore like \"I do play jazz piano, although infrequently.\" than \"I don't play\njazz really, except for rare occasions\". Here are some examples.\n\n> 私は同氏から稀に御手紙は頂戴しておりましたものの、御目にかかったのは前後にただ一度だけ \n> _Although I occasionally/infrequently received letters from him, I saw him\n> in person only once_ \n> ([寺田寅彦](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000042/files/24414_24584.html))\n>\n> 巴里(パリ)にては夏のさかりに夕立なし。 ... 紐育（ニューヨーク）にては稀に夕立ふることあり。 \n> _In Paris, we don't have showers in midsummer. ... In New York, there are\n> infrequent showers._ \n> ([永井荷風](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001341/files/50288_37676.html))\n\n「稀にしか…しない」 form, on the other hand, has the negative polarity. (If I\nunderstand correctly, that is.)\n\n> 名まで覚えてありがたがるほどの歌人は稀にしかいないものだ。稀にだっていればこんなありがたいことはない。 \n> _One only rarely encounters poets whose name deserves remembering. When one\n> does, even rarely, it's a fortune_. \n> ([北大路魯山人](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001403/files/49960_37760.html))\n>\n> これまで噂ばかりで稀にしか聴けなかった多くの仏蘭西系統の作品 \n> _Many French works, which I had often been told about but only rarely\n> listened to_ \n> ([梶井基次郎](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000074/files/422_19700.html))\n\nIn high school, we are often advised to translate _rarely_ with explicit\nnegative clause, 「めったに…しない」.\n\n> I rarely play jazz piano. \n> 「ジャズピアノはめったに弾きません．」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T03:34:43.987",
"id": "55941",
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"score": 6
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55933
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55941
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55941
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55935",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For characters with hane, does all hane do the sharp upward turn to be always\non the left side? Please provide an example for characters with hane turning\nupwards to the right if there is any.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T23:41:54.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55934",
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"owner_user_id": "18049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"handwriting",
"stroke-type"
],
"title": "Where does a hane turn?",
"view_count": 269
}
|
[
{
"body": "A hane to the right can also be seen in some characters, an example would be\nけ.\n\nA hane, therefor can be observed to have a sharp turn pointing upwards on\neither the left or the right side.\n\n水 is an example a character where the hane is on the left side.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-14T23:56:28.910",
"id": "55935",
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"owner_user_id": "18049",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
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55934
|
55935
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55935
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a beginner in Japanese so I'm trying to read and translate a light novel\nto improve my vocabulary so I came across this sentence:\n\n>\n> 他{ほか}の生徒｛せいと｝たちが部活｛ぶかつ｝に帰宅｛きたく｝にと平和｛へいわ｝な放課後｛ほうかご｝を過｛す｝ごす中｛なか｝、保健室｛ほけんしつ｝には、少女｛しょうじょ｝の悲鳴｛ひめい｝が響｛ひび｝き渡｛わた｝っていた.\n\nAs a translation I came up with:\n\n> \"The other students were heading home after their club activities after\n> spending a peaceful afterschool time when a girl’s scream echoed from the\n> infirmary.\"\n\nBut I'm unsure about this so I have those questions:\n\n 1. Did the other students already leave the school after their club activities or are they still doing them?\n\n 2. What's the function of にと before 平和な放課後を過ごす中?\n\n 3. Is the translation I provided satisfactory?\n\nThank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T02:20:42.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55937",
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"owner_user_id": "27309",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles"
],
"title": "Help me with this Translation",
"view_count": 129
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. The students are either going home or going to their club activities. 部活に帰宅に 'To club, to home'. \n\n 2. 部活に (to club) 帰宅に (to home). にと is not a pair to be read together in that way. Rather than にと, the と is describing the atmosphere or situation in which the school was at the time of the occurrence. --という雰囲気 と is encapsulating everything coming before it as the setting.\n\n 3. The other students were either headed to their club activities or going home, enjoying a moment of peace after the long (sic) school day. Meanwhile, from the nurse's office, a girl's shriek resounded and pierced the calm. (Artistic license taken)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T03:51:31.673",
"id": "55943",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-15T03:51:31.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55937",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
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55937
| null |
55943
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55944",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "人生の時間は有限なのである。全く当たり前のことなのだが、いつも人はそれを忘れる。忘れて他人事みたいに自分の人生を生きている。時間は前方へ流れるものと錯覚しているからである。人生は、生から死へと向かうもの。\n**死は今ではない先のもの。**\nしかしこれは間違いである。死は先にあるのではない。今ここにあるものだ。死によって生なのであれば、生としての今のここに、死はまさにあるではないか。\n\nMay I know what is meant by 先 in the bolded sentence? Does it mean \"former\" or\nfuture\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T03:18:23.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55940",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27310",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Meaning of 先 in this sentence",
"view_count": 321
}
|
[
{
"body": "In your example (死は今ではない先のもの) the meaning would be 'Death is something ahead\nof you', i.e., in the future.\n\nIf you think of 先 as something 'ahead of you' it would mean the future. For\nexample: 先の事を考える 'Think about the future'. 'Before you' and 'Ahead of you' are\nthe same.\n\nSomething can be before me, which means that it is also ‘ahead’ of me. On the\nother hand, something can come before me, in which case it is ‘behind’ me\n(chronologically).\n\n先 has many meanings. The proper one can be gleaned from the context\nsurrounding it, according to [this Q&A\nresponse](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11147675601):\n\n> 「さき」：は多くの意味があり、文の中の前後や状況で判断します。 \n> 先 の意味を例を用いて説明するしかありません。 \n> 先： \n> １．物の先端、最初、以上のものなどの意味 \n> ２．近未来など 今より未来の時点を指す。 \n> ３：少し前の過去を表わす。\n\nAlso, here's a useful explanation from kanjibunka.com\n[here.](http://kanjibunka.com/kanji-faq/old-faq/q0298/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T04:26:15.873",
"id": "55944",
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55940
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55944
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{
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"body": "> 私は誰に言うともなくつぶやいた。\n\nI came across this sentence over at yourei.jp and I'm not sure whether I\nunderstood this sentence correctly.\n\nMy translation is:\n\n> I muttered \"to whom will you tell\"\n\nThe reason for my confusion is that I've never seen a sentence that has a\nverb+adverb+verb construction. Maybe I just didn't parse it correctly?\n\nI was also wondering if there are more cases like this.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-15T03:43:01.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55942",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-15T05:18:24.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26307",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Help with interpreting a sentence",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "とも無く is a 'phrase used to express the uncertainty or lack of intent in what\nprecedes it.' The と is not indicating speech prior to its placement in the\nsentence. A closer translation would be 'I muttered to nobody in particular'\nor 'I mumbled into the void'.\n\nThis construction is not so unusual. For example: 私は田中さんに向かって大声で述べた。'I told\nMr. Tanaka loudly'. (I stated in a loud voice in the direction of Mr. Tanaka).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T04:39:30.697",
"id": "55945",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-15T04:39:30.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55942",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55942
| null |
55945
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{
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"body": "I have talked to friends here and there and looked up words.\n\nSo far I have：\n\nほろ酔い、 生{なま}酔い、 酔{よ}いが回{まわ}る／回った、 酒{さけ}の気{け}、 微{び}醺{くん}\n\nちょっと酔っ払ってる\n\nIn English _tipsy_ has a positive connotation so I was wondering which one\nwould be the best fit. I feel like most of the examples I listed can be used\nin both a negative or positive way so if anyone any idea about this please let\nme know.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T08:22:21.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55946",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-15T12:19:30.373",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13696",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is there a perfect translation for the word tipsy in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1210
}
|
[
{
"body": "ほろ酔{よ}い気{き}分{ぶん} would be my choice. Aside from the general usage, I knew\nsomeone who had that nickname. Always looked like he has halfway to falling\nasleep and smiling at things out of the blue, but in good spirits.\n\n微{び}醺{くん} is more of a written form, with the same meaning as ほろ酔い. 生{なま}酔{え}い\ndoesn't connote a feeling as much as a state halfway between sober and drunk.\n酔{よ}いが回{まわ}る (The alcohol's doing it's thing) is different grammatically, so\nI'm not sure that's what you want. 酒{さけ}の気｛け｝ is drunk.\n\nAside from the reasons above, some of your examples aren't used as often as\nほろ酔い. ちょっと酔ってて、いい気分だぜ。\n\nIf you have an example sentence or context in which you would use it that\nmight be helpful.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T09:10:01.187",
"id": "55948",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-15T09:10:01.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
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}
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55946
| null |
55948
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> お前の姿 **に** 瓜二つだからこそ、むしろ許せない…！\n\nIs it something that goes along with だからこそ and therefore means \"because\"? I\nknow that this is one of the meanings of に but I'm not sure if this is the one\nused in this case since だから already expresses the idea of \"because..\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T12:07:58.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55949",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-15T13:34:16.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "How should I interpret this に?",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "Coming after 姿, the に functions as the same way as it does in ～にみえる and ～に近い.\nBasically 'in relation to ______' or colloquially 'as'.\n\nだからこそ does indeed function as 'because' or 'especially because'.\n\n瓜二つ is like saying 'Two peas in a pod'. I.e., having the same appearance or\nform as another.\n\nそのおばは私の母に瓜二つだ - That lady is the spitting image of my mother.\n\nそのおばは私の母にそっくりだ - [Same meaning as above]\n\nBroken apart: お前の姿(Your appearance) に (as) 瓜二つ (strikingly similar) だからこそ (For\nthat reason/that's why) むしろ (rather) 許せない (not forgive).\n\nRather literal translation: [He/She/It] has identical appearance to you.\nThat's why I'd rather not forgive [you]!\n\nAttempted figurative translation: I really can't let it go because he looks\njust like you!\n\nIf anyone else wants to tackle this one, the original text can be found\n[here](http://jbcs.info/Umineko/ep6-jp.html).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T13:22:32.073",
"id": "55952",
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55949
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55952
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{
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"body": "I though かねない could be used instead of かもしれません, but only when the sentence\nconveys a negative notion or danger. That being said, I find it difficult to\nunderstand why is it used in the sentence below:\n\n> もし本当にそんなことが可能なら、この人類の置かれている状況が引っくり返りかねない話だ！\n\nThis is an abstract from an Attack on Titan novel, so if the notion that \"if\nEren's ability was true, this could change the tide of the war against the\nTitans\" were true, the かねない structure couldn't be used in this context, as the\nそんなこと本当に可能なら clause would be definitely beneficial for the speaker of the\ngiven sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T12:17:15.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55950",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T02:56:19.327",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T18:53:41.603",
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"owner_user_id": "4419",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "かねない weird usage?",
"view_count": 746
}
|
[
{
"body": "Is changing the tide of the war against the Titans beneficial for humankind?\nIf not, it would make sense.\n\nThe meaning of しかねない is as you said. I think \"この人類の置かれている状況が引っくり返ること\" is bad\nfor humankind.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T05:13:10.840",
"id": "55968",
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{
"body": "I’m not familiar with this “negative notion or danger” nuance, but here’s what\nthe dictionary says:\n\n> （動詞の連用形の下に付いて）…しないとはいえない。…するかもしれない。 「あいつならやり－・ない」 「秘密をもらし－・ない」 → 兼ねる\n\n(from Sanseido’s Daijirin via kotobank)\n\nMaybe the negative outcome is from the Titans’ point of view? I.e. “the\nhumanity just might be able to turn this situation over”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T23:10:17.093",
"id": "59343",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-10T12:31:10.627",
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{
"body": "This is an old question that was bumped to the homepage by the\n[Community](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/-1/community).\n\nTo be honest, I have never read or heard ～兼ねない used in a sentence that does\n_not_ indicate something negative _from the speaker's point-of-view_. However,\nafter reading the sentence in question and doing some research (and being a\nfan of Attack on Titan, if that helps), I found out that ～兼ねない simply means\nsomething that **could happen** , something that is **not unlikely to happen**\n, or something that is **capable of being done** , regardless of a negative\nconnotation. Consider the following definitions:\n\n**兼ねない**\n\n[Weblio\ndefinition](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%85%BC%E3%81%AD%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\n\n> quite capable of ...; might happen; not unlikely to\n\n[Kotobank\ndefinition](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%85%BC%E3%81%AD%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-465413)\n\n> …しないとはいえない。…するかもしれない。\n\n[Goo definition](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/43827/meaning/m0u/)\n\n> …するかもしれない。…しそうだ。\n\nNext, let us see how its opposite is defined to gain more information:\n\n**兼ねる**\n\n[Weblio\ndefinition](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%85%BC%E3%81%AD%E3%82%8B)\n\n> 〈ためらう〉 hesitate to do; be unwilling [reluctant] to do\n>\n> 〈できない〉 cannot do; cannot [【形式ばった表現】 can ill] afford to do; be not in a\n> position to do; be unable to do\n\n[Kotobank\ndefinition](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%85%BC%E3%81%AD%E3%82%8B-465451)\n\n> しようとしてもできない。…することに堪えられない。\n\n[Goo definition](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/43827/meaning/m0u/)\n\n> …しようとして、できない。…することがむずかしい。\n\nFrom the above, I think it is clear that neither ～兼ねない nor ～兼ねる needs a\nnegative connotation to be grammatical.\n\nNow let us go back to the sentence in question. I can't post images right now,\nbut checking the internet it looks like this sentence was spoken by Hanji, one\nof the good guys and a superior officer of Eren, the protagonist. Below are\nthe original sentences and the ones before and after it.\n\n**SPOILER ALERT**\n\n> だから…一刻も早くエレンの力を試したい。今度は恐れずに試そう。 硬化の能力はもちろん巨人化の詳細な情報を。\n> 特に…巨人を操ったかもしれないって…すごい可能性だ。 **もし本当にそんなことが可能なら、この人類の置かれている状況がひっくり返りかねない話だよ！**\n> だから！グズグズしていられない！早く行動しないと…いけない！…だけどまだエレンにはしばらく身を潜めておいてほしい…\n\nSources:\n[1](https://blog.goo.ne.jp/allen77/e/12639f89eec959ece1b1af4f0e6527f4),\n[2](http://%E9%80%B2%E6%92%83%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0.com/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%BF%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC/%E9%80%B2%E6%92%83%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E3%83%8D%E3%82%BF%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC52%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%99%E3%81%98%E6%84%9F%E6%83%B3%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F%E7%94%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC/)\n\nTo conclude, Hanji is saying that if it is really possible that\n\n> Eren (could control the Titans),\n\nthen the current situation that mankind is in **could be** reversed. She is\nnot saying at all that this possibility is something that is negative from her\npoint-of-view, as she is one of the good guys who are trying to protect\nmankind. In fact, from the sentences before and after, we can see that it is\nsomething positive for her\n\n> as she is looking forward to testing Eren's (other) potential power.",
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"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "55950",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
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55950
| null |
61457
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55955",
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"body": "These sentences seem unnatural to me, but I have trouble putting my finger on\nwhy.\n\n私の家のそばにはあまりありません \n_There's not much by my house_\n\n私の家の近くにたくさんあります。 \n_there is a lot close to my house_\n\nI feel that they need to have a subject to sound like good Japanese (they\ndon't sound too good in english eiter TBH), but now I have been looking at\nthem for so long that they start to make sense again. Are these sentences ok,\nor should they be changed around, and if so how?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T13:17:42.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55951",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-17T01:55:19.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11739",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "あまりありません/たくさんあります",
"view_count": 487
}
|
[
{
"body": "# English\n\n> 私の家のそばにはあまりありません。\n\nIn the above sentence, it is unknown \"what\" there isn't, so it is incomplete\nas a sentence. However, in the case of a conversation between A and B as\nfollows, B-1 is a perfect sentence, but from the context it is clear that they\nare talking about \"Ramen shop\", so it is normal for B to use the sentence with\nB-2 instead of B-1.\n\n> 私の家の近くにたくさんあります。\n\nIn the above sentence, it is unknown \"what\" there are a lot of, so it is\nincomplete as a sentence. However, in the case of a conversation between A and\nB as follows, B-1 is a perfect sentence, but from the context it is clear that\nthey are talking about \"Ramen shop\", so it is normal for B to use the sentence\nwith B-2 instead of B-1.\n\nA: どこかにラーメン屋がありますか。 \nB-1: 私の家の近くにラーメン屋がたくさんあります。 \nB-2: 私の家の近くにたくさんあります。\n\n# 日本語\n\n> 私の家のそばにはあまりありません。\n\n上記｛じょうき｝の文｛ぶん｝では、「何｛なに｝が」ないのか不明｛ふめい｝ですので文としては不完全｛ふかんぜん｝です。 \nしかし、次｛つぎ｝のようにAさんとBさんとの会話｛かいわ｝の場合｛ばあい｝は、B-1は完全｛かんぜん｝な文ですが、文脈｛ぶんみゃく｝から「ラーメン屋｛や｝」の話｛はなし｝をしていることが明白｛めいはく｝なので、BさんがB-1の代｛か｝わりにB-2という文を使｛つか｝うことは普通｛ふつう｝におこなわれます。\n\nA: 私の家のそばにはラーメン屋がたくさんあります。 \nB-1: 私の家のそばにはラーメン屋はあまりありません。 \nB-2: 私の家のそばにはあまりありません。\n\n> 私の家の近くにたくさんあります。\n\n上記の文では、「何が」たくさんあるのか不明ですので文としては不完全です。 \nしかし、次のようにAさんとBさんとの会話の場合は、B-1は完全な文ですが、文脈から「ラーメン屋」の話をしていることが明白なので、BさんがB-1の代わりにB-2という文を使うことは普通におこなわれます。\n\nA: どこかにラーメン屋がありますか。 \nB-1: 私の家の近くにラーメン屋がたくさんあります。 \nB-2: 私の家の近くにたくさんあります。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T15:04:21.897",
"id": "55955",
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"score": 4
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55951
|
55955
|
55955
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am looking for the best translation for the concept of a \" **brave ideas** \"\n\nNot necessarily used in a sentence. Simply the phrase \"brave ideas\".\n\nIs 勇敢なアイデア correct?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T14:56:11.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55954",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-18T09:54:13.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27315",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is 勇敢なアイデア the best translation for \"brave ideas\"",
"view_count": 240
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the question should be rephrased, as both 'brave' and 'the heart'\naren't the most precise terms to use.\n\nYou should distill these terms to their essential meanings before translating\nuntil you have a tacit understanding of the nuances between Japanese and\nEnglish.\n\nI would rephrase the sentence as:\n\n> Bold ideas come from one's innermost character [the depths of one's being]. \n> 大胆なアイディアは（人の）心の奥底［内なる自己］から生まれる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T00:48:05.660",
"id": "56019",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T06:23:22.303",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-18T06:23:22.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55954",
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"score": 3
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55954
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56019
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"accepted_answer_id": "55966",
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"body": "The following is an excerpt from a reply from my language partner:\nアンドレアスさんの試みでは、対比させるには、例文が少し難しいと思います。\n\n_For context:_ I tried out a rather overcomplicated structure in passive voice\nbecause I wanted to see wether this is still grammatical/understandable or\nnot. I also wrote down the same sentence in the active voice and I asked for\nher feedback.\n\nHere are the 2 sentences (ridden with awful grammar):\n\npassive voice:\n\n> 例えば、チームのスパイ行為はチームにwhaleとsharkの言葉を選ばれるつもりだったら、「Fish,\n> 2」という暗示を上げたらいいでしょう。この番号は代行者にスパイ行為が望言葉の分量を送ります。\n\nActive voice:\n\n> 例えば、チームのスパイ行為はチームがwhaleとsharkの言葉を選ぶつもりだったら、「Fish,\n> 2」という暗示を上げたらいいでしょう。この番号は代行者にスパイ行為が望言葉の分量を送ります。\n\nSo, back to the sentence in question, here is my attempt at translation:\n\"Concerning your experiment, _? comparison ?_ I think the example sentence is\na bit difficult.\"\n\nI don't know what to do with this causative verbform. I know it in context of\nsentences like these: 先生が学生に宿題をたくさんさせた。-> \"The teacher made the students do\nlots of homework.\" But in context of the sentence in question, I really have\nno idea how whoever has made whoever make a comparison xD I also don't really\nknow what to make of this second は in 対比させるには",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T19:37:43.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55956",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T04:38:00.880",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-15T20:15:39.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation"
],
"title": "Why is causative form used here?",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "> アンドレアスさんの試みでは、対比させるには、例文が少し難しいと思います。 \n> I think your example sentence is a bit too difficult (for me) to make a\n> (good) comparison (between passive voice and active voice).\n\nSo you're mainly interested in voices (passive/active interchangeability), but\nshe said \"your example sentence is too difficult to discuss about that\"\nActually, your example sentence has a number of more basic errors, and she\nthought you needed to start with simpler sentences.\n\n * 対比させる and 対比する are interchangeable in this context. See this similar question: [Difference between 完成させる and 完成する (transitive usage only)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27454/5010)\n * に after 対比させる is the purpose marker (=\"to\", \"in order\", \"for\").\n * は after that is another topic/contrast marker. See: [Can we have two thematic は particles in a sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5375/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T04:38:00.880",
"id": "55966",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T04:38:00.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 4
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55956
|
55966
|
55966
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55965",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is an excerpt from a reply from my language partner: 「チームのスパイ行為」\nが主語で、「暗示を上げる」という行為の間にはさまれた条件文を、受身形にした場合と、能動形（普通の文）にした場合で比較しているので、わかりにくくなっています。\n\nFor context: I tried out a rather overcomplicated structure in passive voice\nbecause I wanted to see wether this is still grammatical/understandable or\nnot. I also wrote down the same sentence in the active voice and I asked for\nher feedback. Here are the 2 sentences (ridden with awful grammar):\n\npassive voice: 例えば、チームのスパイ行為はチームにwhaleとsharkの言葉を選ばれるつもりだったら、「Fish,\n2」という暗示を上げたらいいでしょう。この番号は代行者にスパイ行為が望言葉の分量を送ります。\n\nActive voice: 例えば、チームのスパイ行為はチームがwhaleとsharkの言葉を選ぶつもりだったら、「Fish,\n2」という暗示を上げたらいいでしょう。この番号は代行者にスパイ行為が望言葉の分量を送ります。\n\nSo, back to the sentence in question, here is my attempt at translation: \"It\nis difficult to understand, because you made a comparison in the case where\nyou made the conditional statement, which was inserted in the space\nbetween「チームのスパイ行為」as the subject and the action 「暗示を上げる」, active voice (the\nnormal sentence) and in the case where you made the conditional statement\npassive voice.\"\n\nIn my translation, I assumed that チームのスパイ行為」 が主語で、「暗示を上げる」という行為の間にはさまれた is the\nattribute to 条件文. Furthermore, I assumed that 条件文 relates to both 受身形にした場合 and\n能動形にした場合. I don't know if thats correct, but I couldn't find any other\nsolution which would have made sense.\n\nI'm also not entirely sure wether my interpretation of the particle で in 場合で\nis legit.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-15T21:13:10.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55958",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T04:15:42.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Parsing in this sentence",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[
{
"body": "Parse it like this:\n\n```\n\n ① 「チームのスパイ行為」 が主語だ \n ② （しかし、その主語と）「暗示を上げる」という行為の間にはさまれた条件文を、\n 受身形にした場合と、能動形（普通の文）にした場合で比較している\n \n →ので、わかりにくくなっています。\n \n```\n\nOr:\n\n> It (your attempt) has become difficult to understand because:\n>\n> 1. チームのスパイ行為 is the subject\n> 2. But you're comparing the passive version and the active (ordinary)\n> version of the conditional clause which is between it (=\"the subject\") and\n> the action 暗示を上げる.\n>\n\n「暗示を上げる」という行為の間にはさまれた条件文 refers to the conditional clause between チームのスパイ行為\n(the subject) and 暗示を上げる. Namely it's this:\n\n> チームがwhaleとsharkの言葉を{選ぶ/選ばれる}つもりだったら、\n\nShe is saying this conditional clause was particularly difficult to understand\nto her because this part was inserted in the middle of the ordinary subject-\nverb pair, and you have switched passive/active voices without taking the flow\nof the sentence into consideration.\n\nWell, I can at least parse her remark, but note that I don't know whether her\nremark is correct. Your attempt contains a number of errors and I'm not sure\nwhat you wanted to say...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T04:15:42.390",
"id": "55965",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T04:15:42.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55958",
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"score": 2
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] |
55958
|
55965
|
55965
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the phrase in a novel, I've never heard of it before and am\ncurious to know if it's an idiom/set-phrase and what context it could be used\nin.\n\nIn this novel for example two characters are having a conversation about\nhigher-ups suspiciously intervening in the business of the agency they work\nwith (科学技術庁), one calls the higher-ups arrogant and says they are incapable of\noutwitting him. The other responds with the above aforementioned phrase.\n\n> \"巫山戯た事を抜かす連中だ、まったく。たかが100年程度の歴史を支えてきたというだけで、己以上の才覚を意のままに操れるなどと思い上がっているのだから\"\n>\n> \"その煽りを喰らった科学技術庁も大変すね\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T02:19:11.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55960",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T05:27:35.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27323",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Is \"煽りを喰らう\" an idiom/set-phrase? If so what does it mean?",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "煽りを喰らう is the same as\n[煽りを食う](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%85%BD%E3%82%8A%E3%82%92%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%86).\nIn general, 喰らう, 食らう, 喰う and 食う all [convey roughly the same\nidea](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52448/5010), but くらう is used more\noften in the sense of \"to take (damage, etc)\". In this case it says 科学技術庁 was\nnot directly related to the matter mentioned in the conversation, but was\nunexpectedly (and negatively) affected by it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T03:27:59.860",
"id": "55963",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T05:27:35.023",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T05:27:35.023",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55960",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "煽｛あお｝りを喰｛く｝らう is an idiom that means:\n\n> to suffer a blast or indirect blow, to be subject to the surplus force of an\n> impetus\n\nEnglish idioms would include: Bear the brunt, suffer the aftermath, suffer the\nconsequences, bear the burden, deal with the fallout, etc.\n\nSo, the essence of the final statement would be 'The Science and Technology\nAgency that bears the brunt of it (has to deal with the aftermath) will also\nbe in a difficult position.'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T03:47:39.217",
"id": "55964",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T03:47:39.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55960",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
55960
| null |
55963
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55962",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm writing some instructions on a worksheet, and I want to translate the\nEnglish instructions into Japanese. I'm trying to say something along the\nlines of\n\n> Please match the genre in English to the explanation in Japanese.\n\nI do not need to be very specific because I will be explaining this out loud\nand the written instructions are just a little guidance if they didn't quite\nunderstand.\n\nHere's an example of what the paper would look like.\n\n____1. Rock \n____2. Jazz \n____3. Classical\n\nA. (ジャンル説明) \nB. (ジャンル説明) \nc. (ジャンル説明)\n\nI am having difficulty finding the correct verb to use for \"match.\"\n\nGoogle translate suggests **合{あ}わせる**\n\n> 英語のジャンルを日本語の説明に合わせてください。\n\nOr **一致{いっち}する**\n\n> 日本の説明に英語のジャンルと一致してください。\n\nAfter searching jisho.org, I also agree that these two verbs are the closest\nin meaning. But there were no example sentences for either word that really\nmatched up with what I'm trying to say. So I'm still unsure if the usage makes\nproper sense.\n\nI make worksheets like this all the time, so I was hoping for a good verb to\nuse for various situations, not just this one specifically. But perhaps the\nEnglish word \"match\" has far more uses than any Japanese equivalent.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T02:57:05.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55961",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T03:40:57.687",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T03:24:14.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "27189",
"owner_user_id": "27189",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "What verb should I use for \"match\"? E.g. Please match the answers",
"view_count": 283
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the most natural wording is:\n\n> 英語のジャンル **と** 対応する日本語の説明 **を** 選んでください。 \n> Choose the Japanese explanation that corresponds to each English genre. \n> (対応する = to correspond)\n\nIf you mean drawing lines between words on paper, the set phrase for that is\n**線で結ぶ** (literally \"connect with lines\").\n\n> 英語のジャンル **と** 対応する日本語の説明 **を** 線で結んでください。\n\nAnother option that would work in both cases is 対応づける, which is a transitive\nverb:\n\n> 英語のジャンル **と** 対応する日本語の説明 **を** 対応づけてください。\n\nBut this sounds stiff, vague and less common to me.\n\n英語のジャンル **と** 対応する is interchangeable with 英語のジャンル **に** 対応する.\n\n* * *\n\n一致させる and 合わせる do _not_ work whatsoever, because they mean \"to\ndeform/move/modify something so that it will align with something else\", which\nis not what you need for now. Also note that 一致する is intransitive, so\n日本語の解説に一致してください would mean something weird like \"Please become one with the\nJapanese explanation\", if it means anything.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T03:19:38.560",
"id": "55962",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T03:40:57.687",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T03:40:57.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55961",
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"score": 3
}
] |
55961
|
55962
|
55962
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55979",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've read [Need help with translating\n今更聞くのもアレなんだけど](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/26127/need-help-\nwith-\ntranslating-%E4%BB%8A%E6%9B%B4%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9)\nand [Meaning of a sentence with Aが言うのもなんだけど and other\nconsiderations](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/55361/meaning-of-\na-sentence-\nwith-a%E3%81%8C%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-and-\nother-considerations), and understand that in a construction like 聞くのもアレなんだけど,\nアレ and なん are functioning as filler words in place of words that the speaker\nis too abashed to use. However, what I don't understand is the usage of も in\nthese phrases. How would 今更聞くの **も** アレなんだけど differ from 今更聞くの **は** アレなんだけど?\nThe latter I would translate directly as \"Asking now is a little weird,\nbut...\" while I would translate the former as \"Asking now is also a little\nweird, but....\" However, the answer given in [Need help with translating\n今更聞くのもアレなんだけど](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/26127/need-help-\nwith-\ntranslating-%E4%BB%8A%E6%9B%B4%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9)\nseems to translate 今更聞くの **も** アレなんだけど as \"Asking now is a little weird,\nbut...\" (no \"also\"). Why is that the case? What does も do in these\nconstructions?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T06:04:28.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55970",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T11:24:54.237",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T07:39:34.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "23869",
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "も in 「Vのもアレなんだけど」",
"view_count": 648
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe that it functions as 'even' does in English, in the sense of\nsomething surprising or extreme.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 自分が言うの **も** あれなんだけど - 'Even if I do say so myself.'\n>\n> 私が説明をしようとして **も**... - Even if I tried explaining...\n>\n> 十時間 **も** 寝ました - I slept a whole 10 hours.\n\nI believe that the English essence of 今更聞くのもアレなんだけど would be:\n\n> Even asking at this late date is a little...you know.\n\nMaybe not the best explanation, but until a better one comes along I hope it\nis useful.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T08:33:52.660",
"id": "55974",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T08:33:52.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55970",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> (A) 今更聞くの **は** アレなんだけど \n> (B) 今更聞くの **も** アレなんだけど \n> (C-1) 今更聞くのは憚｛はばか｝られるのだが/憚られるのだけど \n> (C-2) 今更聞くのは恥｛は｝ずかしいのだが/恥ずかしいのだけど\n\n(A)の英訳は、質問者の通りで問題ないと思いますが、(B)の解釈はalsoでなく、user27280さんの解釈通りevenの方が良いように思います。\n\nアレの解釈はfillerで良く、その内容は会話している人の間での共通的な認識で良いと思います。\n\n一方、(B)におけるアレの内容は、「（聞くことが＝尋ねること＝質問することが）憚られること」あるいは「恥ずかしいこと」にかなり限定できると思います。結果として、(B)の意味は、(C-1)あるいは(C-2)に近くなります。\n\nなお、(A)にも、少しは(C-1)あるいは(C-2)のニュアンスはありますが、そこまで限定的には言い切れません。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T10:43:15.973",
"id": "55975",
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"score": 0
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{
"body": "The も is neither \"also\" nor \"even\".\n\nThe も is used in the sense of definition #12 in 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> も 〘副助詞〙 \n> ⓬ さりげなくとりたてて、文意をやわらげる。 \n> ㋐《多く、文末表現に使って》一歩引く気持ちで、その判断をやわらげる。 \n> 「自由に発言すること **も** 可能だ」「もう帰って **も** いいんだぜ」「彼だって素直になること **も** ある」「その件なら知らなく\n> **も** ない」「そんな感じがしないで **も** ない」「乞われれば応じ **も** しよう」「やむをえないと考え **も** するが…」\n\nThese threads might be of help: [What is the difference between 「とは限らない」and\n「とも限らない」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55266/9831) / [Usage of も in a\nSpecific Context](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/51841/9831)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T11:24:54.237",
"id": "55979",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T11:24:54.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "55970",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
55970
|
55979
|
55979
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "55982",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "私の means my? So why does it appear in this sentence?\n\n> 私 **の** 方こそ聞きたいですね\n\nWhich translates to 'How? That's what I'd like to know.' \nCan Someone please give me a break down of this sentence？\n\nThank you :)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T07:45:43.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55971",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T21:50:36.377",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T21:50:36.377",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27217",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"relational-nouns"
],
"title": "The meaning of の in this sentence: 私の方こそ聞きたいですね",
"view_count": 715
}
|
[
{
"body": "The 方 in the noun phrase \"Xの方\" designates X as a \"side\" involved in a given\nmatter or event. It is used to highlight the division of a matter/event\nbetween its participants, and picks out particular one of them.\n\nSo in「私の方こそ聞きたいですね」, \"私の方\" picks out \"私\" (as the subject of the sentence) from\namong the participants/sides, with the event in question being the present\nconversation.\n\nThe sentence says it is 私, not other participant(s)/side(s) in the\nconversation -- namely, \"you\", presumably -- who should want to ask the\nquestion (whatever that is). Translation:\n\n> That's what _I_ would like to ask. (with emphasis on \"I\")\n\nHere the の is the genitive particle: \"私\"→\"I\"; \"私の\" → \"my\"; 私の方→\"my side\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T17:15:10.910",
"id": "55982",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "55971",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55971
|
55982
|
55982
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When Vてしまう is used to express that an action is regrettable or undesirable,\ndoes it express the opinion of the speaker or the listener? Put another way,\nwhen one says Vてしまう, are they expressing that _they_ feel that V undesirable,\nor that they are under the impression that their listener will find V\nundesirable?\n\nFor example, would it be appropriate for a man to say to his wife (who he\nknows does not care for her weight at all),「そんなに食べたら、太っちゃうよ！」if he thinks\nweight is unsightly? He can't be looking out for his wife's feelings, because\nhe knows that she can't care less about getting fat.\n\nOn the other hand, would it be appropriate for a man who is wholly accepting\nto say 「そんなに食べたら、太っちゃうよ！」 to a wife who has once stated a negative opinion\nregarding gaining weight? In that case, he wouldn't be saying it out of\nselfish regard, but for hers.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T07:59:41.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55972",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-27T23:04:35.477",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T13:13:52.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "23869",
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Exactly whose feelings does てしまう express?",
"view_count": 220
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm posting this as an answer only because it might be an edge case in \"answer\nvs comment.\" (I'm prone to think it's not an answer, because the answer isn't\nlargely about Japanese but it's potentially debatable and downvotable as an\nexplanation if I'm wrong).\n\nThe しまう construction expresses the speaker's judgment with respect to the\noutcome of the verb before しまう. Whether those are \"feelings\" seems debatable\nto me and whether that judgment is shared by the listeners would seem to\ndepend wholly on the speech utterance.\n\nI argue this based on the following truism:\n\n> Things people say reflect things the people who say them think.\n\nApart from coerced speech, some really strong empathy, and communicating with\nchildren who need all references rearranged to them, what you say is always\nyou.\n\nSo then it's pretty clear it is the judgment of the speaker.\n\n* * *\n\nThe listener's judgments, however, are incidental to the use of ~しまう because\n\n 1. the speaker does not necessarily know these appraisals when they use the construction.\n 2. the speaker can use it in contexts that expect agreement, are indifferent to agreement, or even that expect the listener to take it as insulting.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T14:38:10.880",
"id": "55981",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T14:38:10.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "55972",
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"score": 1
}
] |
55972
| null |
55981
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55977",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**現在はごちゃごちゃしていてあんまりいいこともなくて、と思っていると、そういうふうになるので、そうじゃなくて**\n、追憶というのは未來に対してすべきなんじゃないでしょうか。\n\nMay I know what does the bolded sentence mean? Does it mean that **If I think\nthat I am messed up and there are no good things at present, the situation\nwill become so?** But I have no clue about the そうじゃなくて that comes after.\nそういうふうになる means it will become but そうじゃなくて means it is not like that. It seems\nthe two are contradictory to each other?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T08:19:59.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55973",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T11:34:04.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27310",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does そうじゃなくて mean in this context?",
"view_count": 1007
}
|
[
{
"body": "I guess \"そうじゃなくて\" here in the sentence negates the way of thinking\n\"現在はごちゃごちゃしていてあんまりいいこともなくて\" as you described \"If you think like things have\nbeen messing up and not really that good things happen, things tend to be so.\"\nAnd she gives advice \"You shouldn't think like that. Recalling should be\nprojected onto the future.\" I think \"追憶\" is a hint for what they are actually\ntalking about.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T11:04:47.423",
"id": "55977",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T11:34:04.490",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T11:34:04.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "55973",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55973
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55977
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55977
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "55978",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm translating a comic and I found this kanji combination on the headers.\nIt's like a counter for pages.\n\n> 其之一 \n> 其之二 \n> etc.\n\nその is the reading. I wanted to get more info about that but I didn't find\nanything via google. Is that somehow familiar to you or is this way how it's\nwritten just really old?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T10:56:26.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55976",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T12:57:28.897",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T14:10:41.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "22811",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"archaic-language",
"kosoado"
],
"title": "其之 what's the exact meaning of this?",
"view_count": 1425
}
|
[
{
"body": "其之 is a rare kanji version of その meaning \"its\". The kanji 其 on its own means\n\"it\" and 之 means \"～'s\". Today その is almost always written in kana, but they\nused difficult kanji for archaism. Is the comic about ninja or something?\n\nその is usually used as an old counter-like prefix for chapters/episodes/parts\nof a story, not pages. For example その5 typically means \"episode 5\" or \"part\n5\", not \"page 5\".",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T11:09:16.650",
"id": "55978",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T13:03:16.640",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-16T13:03:16.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55976",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
},
{
"body": "The normal meaning was explained clearly by previous people, as a Chinese\nlearning Japanese I want to say some other things.\n\n其: Chinese: it's(Third person possessive pronoun) Japanese: it(Third person\npersonal pronoun)\n\nX 之 Y: Chinese: Y of/in/etc X, X's Y ~= 的(Modern) Japanese: mainly X's Y, == の\n\nWe Chinese only use \"其一\"(Chi' i in Mandarin, Ki' iat in Cantonese) to explain\nthe same meaning as Japanese \"其之一\"(その一, sono ichi)\n\nBack to the topic, Japanese \"其之一\" means first of something, something might be\na actual topic/person/thing or others. We Chinese & Japanese & Korean usually\nuse Third person pronoun to represent the current topic.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T12:57:28.897",
"id": "78031",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T12:57:28.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39364",
"parent_id": "55976",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
55976
|
55978
|
55978
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"I wish I could be there\" , \"I wish I were there\" , \"I wish I could do that\",\netc. in Japanese is \"______れば/けべ/ければ/いべ_____たいと思っています\" ？ Does it follow this\npattern? And is there any other ways to relay the feeling of \"I wish_____\" in\nJapanese?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T17:44:47.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55983",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T19:17:57.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27336",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "\"I wish\" は日本語でどう言いますか。",
"view_count": 3024
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are a few ways to express this, with the _____なら/なければいいのに form being\nfrequently used colloquially. 行かなければよかったのに... もっと背が高かったらいいのに.. etc. This form\nshows regret for not doing/being something.\n\nThis question has been asked before. See\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/35712/expressing-a-\nregretful-wish),\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/53640/how-do-you-say-if-\nonly-things-were-different), or\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18107/i-wish-i-hadnt-gone-\nthere) for previous answers.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T19:17:57.477",
"id": "55984",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-16T19:17:57.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55983",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
55983
| null |
55984
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Doesn't have to be the kind that melts your face off. Like your\ndetergent(alkali but nvm that) prickling your hand after leaving it for a bit\ntoo long on your hand.\n\nWould toothpaste or menthol's effect on your skin be called 燃える too?\n\nBasically want to know if moeru can be applied to non-fire related words too\nand what words would be used for these situations. I get the feeling it's some\nonomatopoeic word though if possible I'm looking for an actual word too.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T21:09:11.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55985",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T04:45:46.600",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-17T08:09:32.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "22417",
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"usage",
"verbs",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Do you call the feeling of acid burns as 燃える too?",
"view_count": 254
}
|
[
{
"body": "As suggested by @Earthling, I think 「ヒリヒリ（する）」 works perfectly for these\nsituations. If you're looking for an actual word (or verb) for it, how about\n「しみる」?\n\n> **しみる** (沁みる) \n> ２ 液体や気体などの刺激を受けて痛みを感じる。しむ。「消毒薬が傷口にしみる」「歯にしみる」 \n>\n> ([デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/100876/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%97%E3%81%BF%E3%82%8B/))\n\nEdit: 「チクチク（する）」 might be more suitable for \"detergent prickling your hand\".\n「チクチク」 is often used to describe an itch, a prickling or tingling pain.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T02:03:32.023",
"id": "55993",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T04:45:46.600",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-18T04:45:46.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "55985",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
55985
| null |
55993
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Any subtle differences in meaning or respect? Which is more common?\n\nOr is it just another one of those words like やはり/やっぱり/やぱり,\nしょうがない/しかたない、あんまり/あまり etc. with no difference at all other than preference or\nregional dialect.\n\nIf it's one of these words. IS there a name for these interchangeable words\nthat don't really seem particularly affected by the region to cause\nvariations?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T21:31:39.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55986",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-07T10:28:55.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"etymology",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 嘘つき and 嘘つけ ？",
"view_count": 665
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are very different.\n\n`嘘つき` is simply \"liar\", a noun [formed from the masu-\nstem](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010), which can also be used\nto blame someone in front of you.\n\n`嘘つけ` is not a noun, but a contraction of `嘘をつけ`, where つけ is the imperative\nform of the verb つく. This appears to mean \"Tell some lie\", but actually\n[`嘘つけ!` is as an idiomatic set\nexpression](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18243/5010) that means\n\"You're lying!\" or \"You must be kidding!\" If I understand correctly, this is\nin the same vein as \"Move, and you're a dead man\" always effectively means\n\"Don't move\" in English. You can also compare this to how \"Come on!\" in\nEnglish is used to both encourage and discourage something. Since this is not\na noun, you cannot say ×嘘つけになるな nor ×お前は嘘つけだ.\n\nNow, `嘘つき!` and `嘘つけ!` are similar, but the latter can sound less serious\ndepending on the context and your facial expression, whereas the former is\nalmost always serious and accusatory. If you say `嘘つけ!` to your friend with a\nlaugh, it sounds just like English \"(Ha ha,) come on!\" that is said after\nsomeone said something funny.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T02:52:51.743",
"id": "55995",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-07T10:28:55.203",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-07T10:28:55.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55986",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
55986
| null |
55995
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56003",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": ">\n> そのため、税務上の課税所得の計算は、「一般に公正妥当と認められる企業の基準」に基づく収益・費用の認識を原則としながらも、一定の調整を加えることとなっています。\n\nI'm wondering what the difference is between\n\n> 公正妥当と認められる\n\nand\n\n> 公正妥当だと認められる",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-16T23:50:23.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55990",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-23T07:12:51.797",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-23T06:54:55.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "13776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"copula",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Difference between だと vs と before 認める",
"view_count": 964
}
|
[
{
"body": "The omission of the copula だ before a と meaning \"as\" is grammatically\npermitted, and common. And since the だ mostly serves a grammatical function,\nthe meaning remains effectively the same after dropping it. (Consider \"be\nrecognized as equitable and fair\" and \"be recognized as being equitable and\nfair\", to the extent that these mean the same thing.) I don't see any\ndifference in formality, either.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T02:25:56.930",
"id": "55994",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-17T02:25:56.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "55990",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "# English\n\n> (A) 公正妥当と認められる \n> (B) 公正妥当 **だ** と認められる\n\nI think (A) is a kind of \"だ抜｛ぬ｝き言葉｛ことば｝\". \nWith regard to \"だ抜き言葉\", the explanation by NHK is\n[here](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/term/140.html). \nI feel that (A) is considerably more natural than the following examples of\n\"だ抜き言葉\" mentioned in NHK's commentary.\n\n> * フランスは大丈夫と思って成田まで来たので残念です。\n> * 高さ数十センチ程度だから大丈夫と思わずに…\n> * 誰からも立派と思われる横綱になってほしい。\n> * 高齢の母親の面倒が大変と思い…\n>\n\nStill, I think that (B) is more natural than (A). I think that (A) seems to be\nused in a certain official document, but I think that there are many cases\nwhere the expression with (C) is used instead of (A) in official documents. In\nthese cases, I like (C) better than (B).\n\n> (C) 公正妥当 **である** と認められる\n\nFor (A), I wrote that it was \"a kind of ら抜きことば\" , because I didn't know\nwhether (A) derived from (C) was also called \"ら抜き言葉\".\n\nuser27280 wrote in the answer, which has already been deleted by\nhimself/herself, that 公正妥当 in (A) had the possibility of (D) or (E) . If I\nreinforce the answer, I think that it can be paraphrased as (F) or (G).\n\n> (D) 公正妥当(されている) ⇒ (F) 公正妥当 **性が** 認められている \n> (E) 公正妥当(がある) ⇒ (G) 公正妥当 **性がある** と認められる\n\n# 日本語\n\n> (A) 公正妥当と認められる \n> (B) 公正妥当 **だ** と認められる\n\n(A)は「だ抜き言葉」の一種だと思います。 \n「だ抜き言葉」につきましては、ＮＨＫによる説明が[ここ](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/term/140.html)にあります。\n\n(A)は、ＮＨＫの説明に挙{あ}がっている以下に引用する「だ抜き言葉」の例よりかなり自然に感じます。\n\n> * フランスは大丈夫と思って成田まで来たので残念です。\n> * 高さ数十センチ程度だから大丈夫と思わずに…\n> * 誰からも立派と思われる横綱になってほしい。\n> * 高齢の母親の面倒が大変と思い…\n>\n\nそれでも、私は、(A)よりも(B)の方がより自然であると思います。\nなお、(A)は公式の文章の中で使われているように思いますが、私は公式の文章では(A)の代わりに(C)の表現を用いる場合も多くあるように思います。私はこの場合、(B)より(C)の方が好きです。\n\n> (C) 公正妥当 **である** と認められる\n\n(A)に対して、「だ抜き言葉の一種」だと書きましたのは、その理由は、私は(C)が(A)になることも「だ抜き言葉」というかどうか知らないからです。\n\nuser27280さんが(D)(E)の可能性を回答しておりました（既にこの回答はご自身により消されております）が、その回答を補強するなら、(F)あるいは(G)のように言い換えられるようにも思います。\n\n> (D) 公正妥当(されている) ⇒ (F) 公正妥当 **性が** 認められている \n> (E) 公正妥当(がある) ⇒ (G) 公正妥当 **性がある** と認められる",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T04:02:28.690",
"id": "55996",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-23T07:12:51.797",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-23T07:12:51.797",
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{
"body": "(Basically I agree with goldbrick, but I think I should post my own answer...)\n\n> 1. 一般に公正妥当と認められる企業の基準\n> 2. 一般に公正妥当だと認められる企業の基準\n>\n\nDespite mackygoo's statement, in my opinion, both 公正妥当と認められる and 公正妥当だと認められる\nare perfectly fine, and neither is better or more natural than the other.\nThere is no significant difference in meaning, either. Still, according to\n[BCCWJ](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/) (online free corpus),\n`na-adj/noun + と認める` is far more common than `na-adj/noun + だと認める`. You can\nfind lots of examples without だ, including 相当と認める, 重要と認める, 適切と認める, 本人と認める,\n不当と認める, many of which are used in legal contexts. There are only a few\nexamples of `na-adj + だと認める`.\n\n[NHK's article about\nだ抜き](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/term/140.html) is\ninteresting, but it's about \" **quotative** -と\", where the part before と is a\nclause including more than one word. In such cases, people tend to add だ.\n\n> * [○]明日 **は** 晴れ **だと** 思う。 [?]明日 **は** 晴れ **と** 思う。\n> * [○]彼の名前 **は** 田中 **だと** 勘違いした。 [?]彼の名前 **は** 田中 **と** 勘違いした。\n> * [○]彼 **が** 実は無実 **だと** 認めてください。 [?]彼 **が** 実は無実 **と** 認めてください。\n> * [○]私は、彼女 **は** 英雄 **だと** 見なしている。 [?]私は、彼女 **は** 英雄 **と** 見なしている。\n> * [○]自分の意見 **は** 常に正解 **だと** 思い込む。 [?]自分の意見 **は** 常に正解 **と** 思い込む。\n>\n\n>\n> (○: fine, ?: questionable/clumsy/unnatural/highly-colloquial/etc)\n\nIn these cases, ones without だ look more or less clumsy to me, because the\npart before と is essentially a sentence with a verb and a corresponding\nsubject.\n\nHowever, と has another function which may not be \"quotative\". When と is used\n**in combination with を** and a certain type of verb, it works like \"as\".\nRecently I made [an (incomplete) list of such\nverbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/55169/5010). In such cases, the\npart before と is basically a single word (noun or na-adjective), and you can\nsafely omit (or sometimes you _should_ omit) だ!\n\n> * [○]彼の名前 **を** 田中 **だと** 勘違いした。 [○]彼の名前 **を** 田中 **と** 勘違いした。\n> * [○]彼 **を** 無実 **だと** 認めてください。 [○]彼 **を** 無実 **と** 認めてください。\n> * [○]自分の意見 **を** 常に正解 **だと** 思い込む。 [○]自分の意見 **を** 常に正解 **と** 思い込む。\n> * [○]私は、彼女 **を** 英雄 **だと** 見なしている。 [○]私は、彼女 **を** 英雄 **と** 見なしている。\n> * [?]2直線の交点 **を** P **だと** 定義する。 [○]2直線の交点 **を** P **と** 定義する。\n>\n\nSee the difference?\n\nNow, back to your case, 一般に公正妥当(だ)と認められる企業の基準 can be seen as a relative clause\nmade from (人が)企業の基準 **を** 公正妥当(だ)と認められる. Therefore だ in your original sentence\nis safely omitted. If you're dealing with some stiff legal material, it may be\neven better to drop this だ, according to the statistical evidence based on\nBCCWJ.\n\n(Disclaimer: This may not be the only case where だ before と can be safely\ndropped. And as you can see, the level of acceptance may vary from verb to\nverb, from person to person. When in doubt, it's always a good idea to consult\na corpus.)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T14:28:56.627",
"id": "56003",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-17T16:06:00.130",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-17T16:06:00.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "55990",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
55990
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56003
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55994
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Context: a girl is waiting for the speaker walking around an airport.\n\n> アレじゃ待ってんのか牽制されてるのか分からんし\n\nI don't have a clue about what is she waiting for, neither what is she\nchecking,\n\n> ……しかも何度か目が合ったのに **どこ** 吹く風で。\n\n... even when our eyes repeatedly make contact where (?) the wind blows (so\nwind blows according to their glances?)\n\nIs どこ even used without a question context?\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T06:35:47.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55997",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-17T06:35:47.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26914",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"syntax",
"questions"
],
"title": "Use of どこ in this sentence",
"view_count": 39
}
|
[] |
55997
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 店を休んで、電車で薬屋へ行きました\n\nDoes this sentence mean that: the person is absent/resting from the store\n(that he may work at), and had caught the train to go to the pharmacy?\n\nThis is from the text book I am trying to work through.\n\nI'd say it's the connection of this part that I'm unsure about: 店を休んで",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T11:28:21.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "55999",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-20T18:05:15.463",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-21T17:05:24.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "店を休んで、電車で薬屋へ行きました",
"view_count": 265
}
|
[
{
"body": "G'day to you too.\n\nIf you were referring to work, school, etc., ～を休む would simply mean to 'take\ntime off from ～'. As you normally wouldn't actually close the entire school or\nworkplace.\n\nIn this instance, however, the use of 店 is telling. By choosing to not say\n'work', rather 'the store' it likely means that they will be 'closing the\nstore temporarily'.\n\nSome examples:\n\n> 「今日は店は休みのようだ。」It appears that the store is closed today.\n>\n> 「私のお店は年中無休です。」My shop is open (without fixed closures) year round.\n>\n> A fixed closure day is 定休日 and an irregular closure day would be 休店日 (休業日）.\n\nIn other words, 'closing' a shop uses the word 休む by default.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T22:15:04.963",
"id": "56015",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T00:52:58.903",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-18T00:52:58.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "55999",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
55999
| null |
56015
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56016",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between\n\n> 第二回\n\nand\n\n> 第二回目\n\nIt seems to me that 第二回 is more common and 目 is superfluous. Are there any\ncases where not adding 目 would sound strange? Whats the difference in feeling\nbetween with and without 目？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T12:04:08.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56001",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-17T22:48:05.923",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-17T12:11:30.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "13776",
"owner_user_id": "13776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 第二回目 and 第二回",
"view_count": 345
}
|
[
{
"body": "第 and 目 serve the same function (第 being Chinese reading and 目 being\nJapanese). Using them both together is strange. That is not to say that nobody\ndoes it. In general, however, it is considered incorrect.\n\nFor official purposes 第 would be used. For example: 第23回関東中学校バレーボール大会, etc.\n\nIn conversational terms 目 would be used. Ex.: 今回のバレーボール大会は何回目ですか？\n\nThere is no real difference in feeling, but adding both might be seen as\nmaking it a bit less formal sounding or possibly for sake of clarity. Not too\nsure about the reasoning, though.\n\nIt is discussed (in Japanese)\n[here](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1111713416).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T22:48:05.923",
"id": "56016",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-17T22:48:05.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56001",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
56001
|
56016
|
56016
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56006",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ……よくもこのような若輩の身でそのようなことが堂々と言えるものだ…。\n\nMy guess would be that 身, in this case, means \"one's position\" or something\nlike this, but how does that really work? For instance, if I were to say\nアメリカ人の身で in a context where an American wouldn't be appropriate to talk about\nsomething, would that work as \"Even though he's American...\" or \"Being\nAmerican..\" (in a negative way)? It reminds me of 身の程知らず.\n\nAdditionally, I'd like to know what もの expresses here. Is it something to\nexpress a feeling of surprise?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T13:24:46.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56002",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-17T19:13:12.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "How to use の身で and what does that mean?",
"view_count": 346
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes this 身 means one's position or social status. アメリカ人の身で means \"as an\nAmerican\", but it's more emphatic than アメリカ人として.\n\nThis phrase on its own does not have a negative meaning, but it's often used\nwith negative expressions, and in such cases you may want to translate it as\n\"although he's American\", \"despite being American\", or such. Here are some\nnon-negative examples:\n\n> * 私はまだ学生の身です。 \n> I'm still a student. (maybe sounds more humble than 私はまだ学生です)\n> * これからは自由の身で暮らしたい。 \n> From now on I want to be my own master.\n>\n\nものだ has [several meanings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43083/5010),\nand this ものだ expresses the speaker's surprise; \"How can you ～!\" or \"How dare\nyou ～!\". It's often used with よくも.\n[Examples](https://www.nihongomaster.com/dictionary/entry/58925/yokumo).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T18:54:53.753",
"id": "56006",
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] |
56002
|
56006
|
56006
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56005",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"売春を行う女性は、古くから存在する職業とされる。職業とは、ヒトのみが行う社会的かつ文化的営為であり`、富、`付加価値の交換により形作られる経済活動の手段としては、売春がやはり人類最古の職業の一つである。\"\n\nI know that the meaning of 富 is wealth but it doesn't suit the context well,\nand I have the impression that this word could just be removed and it would be\nfine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T17:54:09.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56004",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-17T18:32:49.827",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-17T18:14:28.597",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 富 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "富 is a vague term that broadly refers to things that are considered to have\nfinancial values. Money, real estate, precious metals, jewelry, food, oil,\npepper, and so on.\n\nIn the modern society 富 mainly refers to money itself, but in the old days it\ncould have been stones, seashells or [bags of\nrice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koku) which people sought in order to be\n\"rich\". I don't know what the first prostitutes in the human history gained in\nreturn :)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T18:32:49.827",
"id": "56005",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-17T18:32:49.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56004",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
56004
|
56005
|
56005
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56013",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 自然 **の中で** ゆっくり凍った氷の味を楽しんでください。 \n> Please enjoy the flavour of ice slowly made by nature.\n\nIf not sure if I should read this as 'ice made **by** nature' or 'ice made\n**in** nature'. The 中 is really confusing me because I normally think of this\nas inside/among/throughout, none of which really seem to work well here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T19:09:51.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56007",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T06:30:02.083",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-17T23:18:00.740",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で",
"relational-nouns"
],
"title": "Purpose of 中 in 自然の中で",
"view_count": 145
}
|
[
{
"body": "The Japanese verb for 'made' does not appear in your sentence. The word frozen\nis (凍｛こお｝る）.\n\nWhat does 中 mean? Inside/within. What does 中で mean? Occurring inside/within.\n\n自然 and its English counterpart 'nature' can refer to 'a natural environment'.\n\n自然の中 = in nature, 自然の中で = occurring within nature (natural surroundings)\n\n自然の中で凍った = Frozen within natural surroundings (a natural environment).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T21:38:48.150",
"id": "56013",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T06:30:02.083",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-18T06:30:02.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56007",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
56007
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56013
|
56013
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56014",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It is almost the end of the day. So I want to say to my office mate that I\nwill be leaving soon. Is it natural to say:\n\n> そろそろ出ています。\n\nor :\n\n> そろそろ出発しています。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T21:32:18.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56011",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T07:31:42.590",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-17T22:03:58.363",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "19498",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "I will be leaving soon",
"view_count": 990
}
|
[
{
"body": "Unfortunately neither of your examples are very natural.\n\nThere are already a couple fixed expressions. 帰る (go home) or 失礼する (take my\nleave). You wouldn't use progressive forms for either. While in English you\ncan say 'I'll be going home now', that doesn't work for Japanese. 'I go home\nnow' is more natural.\n\n出発する means to depart for somewhere, usually far off, that is not your home. 出る\nwould indicate that you're going out, but you might be back.\n\n「（もう）そろそろ失礼します」 or 「（もう）そろそろ帰ります」 would be appropriate.",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T21:50:23.390",
"id": "56014",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T07:31:42.590",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-18T07:31:42.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56011",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
56011
|
56014
|
56014
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56024",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I did some looking around and I found that 動作 is the behavior of machines and\n行動 is the behavior of people, but that can't be it since on my textbook I find\nthe following sentence:\n\n> 彼女は話し方が丁寧なのに対して動作が丁寧でない。\n\nAlso saw some people saying that 行動 is the movement of people and 動作 is\nmovement of the body, but I'm kinda confused about that.\n\nCan someone explain the difference between these two words?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T21:33:25.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56012",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-19T01:28:25.463",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-18T09:16:24.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27350",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 行動 and 動作?",
"view_count": 770
}
|
[
{
"body": "行動 can only be used for humans (and rarely for animals which display\npersonality). 動作 can be used for machines, animals, humans, etc.\n\n行動 refers to one's comportment and behavior (actions). 動作 refers to one's\nphysical movements.\n\nIf someone stumbles a bit during the tea ceremony, despite using properly\npolite language, you would not say that their 'behavior'（行動） is bad as much as\ntheir 'movements' （動作）.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-17T23:32:54.787",
"id": "56017",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T03:53:34.770",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-18T03:53:34.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56012",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Let's take a look at the explanation by [English native speakers about the\ndifference.](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/279165) for just FYI.\n\n> 行動：無意識的な動作と意識的な動作までを含む人の動作。action.\n>\n> 行動 : the movement of **someone** if it be unconscious or intentional.\n>\n> 動作：身体的な運動やその作用。movement.\n>\n> Physical movement of **it** and the effect, movement.\n>\n> 地震の際には、落ち着いて適切な行動をとって身体の安全を確保しましょう。 不注意な行動が大きな危険を招きます。\n>\n> Place yourself to security area, with with due composure in a case of the\n> earthquake. Your careless action could put you in danger.\n>\n> ダンサーが舞台に登場して、野生の猿のような不思議な動作をしてみせた。 彼は店員としてのトレーニングが未熟で、まだ店頭での動作がぎこちない。\n>\n> The dancer acted with strange movement of a wild ape while he is on the\n> stage. He is still inexperienced in training, so his movement on the stage\n> is awkward.\n\nSo that, whereas 行動 has broader sense of action, 動作 is more centered on the\nvery motion/movement by someone/something.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T05:06:13.120",
"id": "56022",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-19T05:35:41.747",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "56012",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "行動 is more like behavior or activity. It's a relatively complex movement of a\nlifeform that may take a long time and usually has a certain purpose. Examples\nof 行動 include \"going shopping\", \"preparing and eating dinner\", \"playing\nbaseball\" and \"attending a meeting\". It's typically used for human activities,\nbut you can also safely say アリの行動 or ロボットの行動 if it appears to be a purposeful\nsophisticated movement (or sequence of movements).\n\n動作 refers to more primitive, mechanical movements. It can be involuntary.\nExamples of 動作 include \"walking\", \"clapping hands\", \"hitting a ball with a\nbat\" and \"breathing\". Operation of a machine or software is also called 動作.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T08:05:23.960",
"id": "56024",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-19T01:28:25.463",
"last_edit_date": "2022-08-19T01:28:25.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56012",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
56012
|
56024
|
56024
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56021",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I recently found out that the kanji 洛 is associated with Kyoto / the capital.\n\nHere are some example words showing this association:\n\n洛内【らくない】 : \"in Kyoto or the capital\"\n\n洛外【らくがい】 : \"outside Kyoto or the capital\"\n\n洛南【らくなん】 : \"southern part of Kyoto / south of the capital\"\n\nI figured it must be from the time when Kyoto was Japan's capital, but I've\nbeen unable to find where the relation between 洛 and \"capital\" comes from.\n\nCould it be similar to how, for example, 米 is associated to America, and 亜\nwith Asia? Maybe 洛 was used to write \"capital\" or \"Kyoto\" at some point?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T00:11:16.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56018",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T04:09:33.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12531",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why is 洛 associated with Kyoto / the capital?",
"view_count": 362
}
|
[
{
"body": "The use of 洛 comes from another way of referring to the eastern part of\ngreater Kyoto area, namely 洛陽{らくよう｝.\n\n洛陽: 平安京の左京（平安京の東半部）の称。右京を長安と称するのに対する。また、京都の異称。 // Rakuyou: The eastern half of\nthe capitol of Japan during the Heian period. A way of differentiating from\nthe western part (長安）.\n\nKyoto was modeled after the cities of Chinese cities of Chang'an (長安) to the\nwest and Luoyang (洛陽) to the east.\n\nAs the eastern part was more central as far as administration, entertainment,\netc., 洛陽 came to refer to Kyoto in general, or the main part of it at least.\n\nThe origin of the first character of the name of the Chinese city 洛陽 is from\nthe the Luo (洛水）river to the south: 洛陽の南には洛水が流れており、これが地名の由来となっている.\n\n大内裏｛だいだいり｝, the 'Greater Palace', in the center of 洛陽 was the dividing line\nbetween 洛西、洛東、洛北、etc. While no real landmarks really presently exist in the\nlocation of the former palace, the naming conventions were retained.\n\nSome background\n[here](http://ginzataizou.at.webry.info/200602/article_2.html). [Also\nhere](http://www.syasin.biz/page/rakutyu/).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T03:42:20.847",
"id": "56020",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T03:42:20.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "It was because we Japanese borrowed many words from Chinese.\n\nFor example、洛陽｛らくよう｝ is the capital of\n[魏](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Wei)（English) in Three Kingdom Age.\n\n[Here Wiki says,](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD)\n\n>\n> 京都は、古く詩文において中国王朝の都に因み、洛陽、長安などと呼ばれた。一説に、平安京を東西に分割し、西側（右京）を「長安」、東側（左京）を「洛陽」と呼んだという[6]。ところが、右京すなわち「長安」側は湿地帯が多かったことなどから程なく廃れ、市街地は実質的に左京すなわち「洛陽」だけとなった。このため、「洛陽」とはすなわち京都を指す言葉になり、その一字を採って「洛」だけでも京都を意味することになったとされる[7]。\n>\n> Kyoto was in old times called 洛陽 or 長安｛ちょうあん｝, appropriating the words of\n> Chinese Empire's ( capitals ). A theory holds Kyoto was once divided into to\n> 2 sides, East and West, respectively the West、右京｛うきょう｝ was called 長安、the\n> East, 左京｛さきょう｝, was called 洛陽。Whereas, 右京 has lots of swampy lands, so that\n> eventually the street style remained only in ( the East ), 左京、＝ 洛陽。\n> Therefore the word 洛陽 came to denote the center of Japan, and just using 洛\n> of 洛陽 became to denote the capital.\n\nThe famous another example is that 豊臣秀吉｛とよとみひでよし｝ was later called\n[太閤｛たいこう｝](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%90%8D)、which is the\nafter name equivalent with Chinese one after he resigned the old Japanese\npolitical ranking 関白.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T04:09:33.567",
"id": "56021",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T04:09:33.567",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "56018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
56018
|
56021
|
56020
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I came across many cases where I found Japanese natives pronouncing some words\ncontaining `が` or `ぎ` letter with others (Example: `かぎ`, `ちがいます`) as `んが` or\n`んぎ`.\n\nAre there any rules to do this in any particular context or something?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T07:29:02.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56023",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T07:29:02.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19641",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Why words having 'が' in between other letters pronounced as 'んが'？",
"view_count": 77
}
|
[] |
56023
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「逝ったぁ」と友達からかいたが、この言葉は意味がなんですか How about use it?",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T09:19:26.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56026",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-19T06:32:11.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21666",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "「逝ったぁ」what does mean?",
"view_count": 355
}
|
[
{
"body": "逝く【いく】 is a godan-verb that conjugates in the same way as 行く and means \"(for a\nperson) to pass away\" or \"to die\". This is (was?) a relatively rare formal\nverb used in novels and news headlines, but in the last few decades it's also\nbeen used like this, as net-slang.\n[逝ってよし](http://www.paradisearmy.com/doujin/pasok_itteyoshi.htm) is perhaps the\nbest-known example, although this phrase is almost dead now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T17:18:42.270",
"id": "56030",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-19T06:32:11.177",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-19T06:32:11.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56026",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
56026
| null |
56030
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The line in question:\n\n> 心の望むままに情欲を唄おう。\n\nContext: The speaker is monologuing about how terrible society is, especially\nhow corrupt those in power are, he starts to sound nihilistic and basically\nsays he'll act like a criminal because that's what society wants him to act\nlike.\n\n> 見下される程度の、唾棄される程度の悪に何の意味があろうか。全てがペテンなのだ。自分がその嘘に乗らずしてどうする。ああ、心の望むままに情欲を唄おう。\n\nHe then mentions the many ways this world could end up being destroyed, by the\ngreed of those in power, by enemies waging war on them etc. But when the world\ndoes end he is determined to be a criminal until those final days.\n\nNow back to the question, I don't understand what the speaker means by\n\"心の望むままに情欲を唄おう\", translating it literally gives me an odd result \"(I/they?)\nwill sing their desires as much as they wish\" so I'm thinking there's a more\nmetaphorical meaning behind this that I don't know about yet. I know \"心の望むままに\"\nis a set phrase that means \"as much as your heart desires\" but the 情欲を唄おう is\nquite confusing. Any help appreciated!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T16:20:42.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56029",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-25T18:01:10.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27359",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"metaphor"
],
"title": "Is there a metaphorical meaning to this line? (心の望むままに情欲を唄おう)",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "情欲を唄う is _not_ an idiomatic set phrase with a surprising metaphorical meaning.\nうたう can take various objects and mean something along the lines of \"to sing\nabout ～\". For example 愛を歌う is \"to sing about love\", 春を俳句に詠う is \"to\nrecite/compose a haiku about spring\". I think it tends to imply the object is\nsomething to be celebrated or glorified.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T17:27:39.693",
"id": "56031",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-18T17:27:39.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56029",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
56029
| null |
56031
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have the following line (separated as it's divided into word bubbles):\n\n> 今日のもさーこう…理由がないと呼び方とかイロイロ\n>\n> 悩んで悩んで逃げちまうからなんだよねぇ\n\nThey are talking about a girl that was adopted into a familly and about has\nshe started calling her new mother, well \"Mother\".\n\n**EDIT:** Further context: Girl's real mother was abusive towards her, and\neven though she is dead and gone, her feelings about her are\nstill...complicated. Her new adoptive mother is someone she has known for over\n2 years now, has lived that time with that family and has been officially\nadopted for about 6 months. So girl is no longer uncomfortable living with her\nnew family and such. And is the reason I am/was confused by use of \"to flee\"\nverb, because I don't think she would actually flee. The question posed, to\nwhich this is the answer is seemingly a general one asking if the girl has\nreached the level where she would call her adoptive mother Mother normally.\nThe following conversation reveals that the girl is trying to fix that, get\nused to it too. And yeah, there really was no episode or event today that they\nmight be referencing.\n\nThere are quite a few things that confuse me here.\n\nFirst of all is that beginning bit 今日のもさーこう... I'm not really sure what is\ngoing on. The 今日 or even 今日のも is simple enough, it's these days. But I'm not\nsure what さーこう is?!? I'm assuming of course that さー is さあ but since this\nperson tends to speak colloquially and slangy, I guess it also could be her\njust stretching that さ.\n\nSo **question 1** : is what is 今日のもさーこう supposed to mean?!?\n\nNext bit:\n\n> 理由がないと呼び方とかイロイロ悩んで悩んで逃げちまうからなんだよねぇ\n\nThe 理由がないと呼び方とか is probably\n\n> There is no reason yet to call her something like that\n\nI'm assuming that いろいろ concerns the following bits. イロイロ悩んで悩んで逃げちまうから would\nprobably mean literally:\n\n> Because various worry worry and run away (completely/unfortunately).\n\nSo the person is worried the girl might run away, which doesn't really feel\nlikely given the girl in question. Then again it occurs to me that this might\nalso be:\n\n> Because if we worry her too much/if she gets spooked, she might run away.\n\nThe bit at the end, the なんだよねえ is just making a statement and such.\n\n**Question 2** : Soo, what am I missing here with the second bit, because\nneither of my interpretations seem likely given the characters in question,\nthat is I doubt the girl would run away from her new home. Unless the 逃げる here\nhas some other meaning.\n\n**Question 2a** : Any particular reason for doubling of 悩んで unless it's just\nthere to put emphasis on how this is worrying.\n\n**Question 2b** : Various is related to the following bit right? In the way of\nvarious worries. Coz it doesn't really fir anything else.\n\n**EDIT 2:** Since this sentence is immediately precedeed by one where the same\nperson says the girl is working on it (on being able to call her new mother\nMother), the から might be explaining the reason for that.\n\nSecond, the 理由 might be referring to pretext to call the new mom Mother fir\nthe first time...\n\nSo\n\n> 理由がないと呼び方とかイロイロ悩んで\n>\n> She has been really worried about lacking a pretext to call her that way\n\nSo the line is trying to convey the idea that the girl is trying to find the\nright time to start calling her Mother, and has been worrying about it. Since\nshe is worrying she is then avoiding the issue. Because she is aware of it she\nis really trying to fix it. The more she is trying to fix it she is building\nit up more and more in her mind, hence more avoiding. -> never ending circle.\n\nWhich would fit her. Only I don't know if it's anywhere close to the meaning\nof the actual sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T17:50:46.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56032",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-19T17:56:55.153",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"conversational"
],
"title": "のもさーこう, イロイロ and other considerations",
"view_count": 247
}
|
[
{
"body": "**EDIT:** Now that the context is clear, here's my current understanding of\nthe sentence.\n\n * This 逃げる is not actually running away, but it refers to the passive, defensive or reserved attitude the girl had shown toward the new mom. It's used as an antonym for 攻め (aggressive/proactive stance). They had been superficially getting along well, but she had not become a true family member yet. After all, she didn't even know how to call her new mother after 6 months, and that's because she had been showing the 逃げ attitude.\n * 今日の refers to the event that happened this day. This day, the girl was unusually enthusiastic, and ran to help her mom without thinking deeply. She did not do 逃げ this time, and that was somewhat unexpected to the person who said this sentence. (Believe me, this 今日 never means \"these days\" or \"recently\". こんにち is a fairly formal and literary word which is almost never used in an informal sentence like this.)\n * 理由 refers to any reason for the girl to actively involve her new mother. In this specific case, the 理由 was \"my new mom is making cookies for my friends and me\". The girl needed such a reason, or a chance, which would make her stop worrying too much.\n * から at the end corresponds to 今日の. \"Regarding today's episode, it was because ～\"\n\nHere's my free translation:\n\n> 今日のもさー、こう… \n> Besides, remember her attitude today? You know, um...\n>\n> 理由がないと呼び方とかイロイロ悩んで悩んで逃げちまうからなんだよねぇ \n> ...that was because, unless she has some good reason (to be actively\n> involved with the new mom), she would keep worrying about various trivial\n> things, such as how to call the new mom, and end up avoiding (or keeping a\n> distance from) the new mom.\n\n* * *\n\n_Original answer follows:_\n\nIf I understand the context correctly, it means:\n\n> 今日のもさー、こう…、理由がないと（呼び方とかイロイロ悩んで悩んで）逃げちまうからなんだよねぇ \n> Today's... you know, um, it was because she (= the adopted girl) would end\n> up avoiding her mother unless there was a reason (to meet her mother),\n> worrying much about, say, how to call her mother...\n\nTo rephrase it, \"I know the girl did something peculiar today, but it was\nbecause she wanted a reason to meet her new mother. Otherwise, she would have\nkept avoiding her worrying about trivial things like how to call her.\" It this\ndoes not fit the context, please explain a bit more about the story.\n\n今日のも means 今日の出来事は with は replaced by も. \"regarding today's\nmatter/episode/you-know-what\". The following さー is a [meaningless\nfiller](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14924/5010), and こう is another\nfiller interjection \"um\" or \"you know\".\n\n理由がないと逃げちまうからだ (\"It is because [someone] would end up avoiding [someone] if\nthere is no reason\") is the basic structure of the sentence.\n呼び方とか(を)イロイロ悩んで悩んで is inserted adverbially to describe the reason of her\navoiding (i.e., te-form for reason). 悩んで is repeated just for emphasis. For\nイロイロ, please see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24672/5010). For\nexample 色々買った just means \"bought various things\" rather than \"bought something\nin various ways.\"",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T18:47:15.193",
"id": "56033",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-19T17:56:55.153",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-19T17:56:55.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56032",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
56032
| null |
56033
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56071",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've heard the following two sentences and I'd like to understand the\ndifferences between the two, if any, and when it is appropriate to use one vs\nthe other:\n\n> おいしゃさん **と** はなしています\n>\n> おいしゃさん **に** はなしています\n\nIt is my understanding that these both translate to \"I am speaking to the\ndoctor\", but what is the difference between `と` and `に` here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T21:06:09.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56035",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-21T03:46:09.720",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22403",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-に",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と (to) vs に (ni) in a phrase like \"I am speaking with/to\"",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is the same as the difference between talking 'with' someone as opposed to\ntalking 'to' them. おいしゃさんにはなしています can mean that some information is being\nconveyed to the doctor (basically 'telling' them). と does not imply such a\nnuance.\n\nお医者{いしゃ｝さんに言｛い｝う would be simply conveying that information, but\nお医者｛いしゃ｝さんに話｛はな｝す implies discussion relevant to the information might also be\ntaking place.\n\n> 彼はあなたに話していますよ、先生。He's talking to you, doctor.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T23:00:41.713",
"id": "56038",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-21T03:46:09.720",
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"body": "おいしゃさん **と** はなしています is \"I am talking _with_ my doctor\", whereas おいしゃさん **に**\nはなしています is \"I am talking _to_ my doctor\".\n\nThe first one with と is natural in most cases, because when you go to a\ndoctor, normally both you and your doctor will talk to each other.\n\n～にはなす can be naturally used when you're talking to something that do not reply\nto you:\n\n> 彼【かれ】は人形【にんぎょう】に話【はな】している。 \n> He is talking to a doll.\n\n...or what is important is whom you are talking to:\n\n> 私【わたし】はあなたにではなく、お医者【いしゃ】さんに話【はな】しています。 \n> I am talking not to you, but to my doctor!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-20T13:52:50.823",
"id": "56071",
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56035
|
56071
|
56071
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"accepted_answer_id": "56037",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On the temperature in eastern Russia:\n\n> 気温がいつもの年より１０℃以上低い **－５０℃以上** になっている所がたくさんあります。 \n> There are many places that have reached **less than** -50℃, which is 10℃\n> lower than usual years.\n\nFirstly, I was fairly confident in my translation, but I read an English\narticle that said the average temperature in a normal year was -50℃, whereas\nmy translation suggests that -40℃ is the usual temperature, so now I'm not so\nsure.\n\nMy main question is about the use of 以上 and 以下 with negative numbers. This\nsentence is opposite to my expectations. My usual understanding would be that\n-50以上 means 'not less than -50' i.e it could be -40, -30 etc. But from the\ncontext I must assume that it means temperatures colder than -50.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-18T21:24:48.790",
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"id": "56036",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"numbers",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Use of 以上 and 以下 with negative numbers",
"view_count": 312
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think your understanding is perfectly correct. Mathematically \"-50℃以上\" must\nmean -40, -30, 10, etc., but from the context I also think it refers to\ntemperatures colder than or equal to -50℃. \"-50℃以下\" should have been the\ncorrect wording. Perhaps the person who wrote this is not good at math. Rest\nassured there is no strange Japanese rule regarding negative numbers and the\nusage of 以上/以下.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T21:52:05.107",
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56036
|
56037
|
56037
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56064",
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"body": "Searching for Japanese poetry or simply reading song lyrics, I can find very\noften some sentences that contain two kanji characters of specific properties:\nThey are usually close to each other, one is a compound of the another one (or\nthey can just look similar) but usually their meaning is different.\n\nSome examples:\n\n> 儚く夢 [hakanaku yume, fleeting dream]\n>\n> 救いを求めて [sukui o motomete, craving for help]\n>\n> 言ったこと信じられない [itta koto shinjirarenai, unbelievable what was said]\n\n_(the last one did not come from the real life but it is only an example so it\ncan be grammatically wrong)_\n\nMy question is: Is it some kind of identified figure of speech like\nalliteration or assonance in English? If yes, what is the name of it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-18T23:12:31.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56039",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14283",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"song-lyrics",
"poetry"
],
"title": "Is a sentence containing two similar kanji any known figure of speech",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think these are _basically_ coincidences, although they may not be total\ncoincidences because related words tend to share the same radical anyway (愛\nand 恋 both have 心, for example). Normally, Japanese lyricists do not care\nabout kanji radicals as English speakers try to rhyme lines. Of course there\nshould be some poets who intentionally tried to do this as a wordplay in the\npast, but this is not common at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T07:57:35.837",
"id": "56064",
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56039
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56064
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56089",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Hello :) I'm trying to translate a song for a personal project, but a few of\nthe lyrics were a bit too poetic/advanced for me to understand. This is what\nI've come up with, but if someone could please help me with it I'd be very\ngrateful!\n\n> どうして街はまた ずかずかと笑顔取り戻せるのか\n\n\"How can this town keep restoring their own smiling faces by themselves?\"\n\n^^or something to that effect.\n\nI haven't heard ずかずかと used before... But is it synonymous with かってに? That's\nwhat I assumed. (I also tried substituting it with ずけずけと but I got confused\nagain ;;)\n\n> 遠吠えにしたって 最後には笑えるよう願って吠えてる\n\n\"I howled and I barked hoping I could laugh in the end\"\n\nWould you put \"I howled and I barked\" together despite 遠吠えにしたって being at the\nbeginning of the phrase and 吠えてる at the end.?\n\n> 轍と共にある今に指輪をはめてあげましょう\n\nAll I've got is... \"Let me put a ring on you now with a rut\" but I'm very sure\nit must mean something else ><\n\nThe full lyrics can be found [here](http://piapro.jp/t/RyfP) if you need them\nto better understand.\n\nThank you for your help !!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T01:02:47.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56042",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-21T08:00:02.580",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-19T01:21:10.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "23977",
"owner_user_id": "23977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Can someone please help me with these lyric translations?",
"view_count": 262
}
|
[
{
"body": "Thank you for posting your attempts!\n\nThese are some hard sentences to make sense of. A few users on this site might\nbe able to answer with more precision than myself, but I'll answer with some\ndissection and maybe this will help come to a better conclusion. The big\nproblem with lyrics is that, because they are meant to be poetic, sometimes\nthey don't make all the sense in the world, and are up to interpretation, so\nat best you're getting my personal interpretation now.\n\nWith that being said, here's my attempt:\n\n> どうして街はまた ずかずかと笑顔取り戻せるのか \n> How might this town take back its barging in and its laughter again?\n\nずかずか is an onomatopoeia that typically is used in a rude, stormy, barging in\nsort of entrance. Also, 取り戻せる is in the potential form, which leads me to\nbelieve the どうして at the start of the sentence is asking not why but how.\n\n> 遠吠えにしたって 最後には笑えるよう願って吠えてる \n> I howled as though I was howling while wishing that I am able to laugh in\n> the end.\n\nThis is a bit tricky even for me. It almost feels redundant a bit to say it\nlike this, since 遠吠えする is 'to howl' but with the って (taken as a short ということ)\nas 遠吠えにしたということ, I get the sense of wanting to explain what the howl means,\nthen it gets explained in the next part. 願って吠えてる is a compound verb 'howling\nand wishing', but 'wishing' is getting modified by 最後に笑えるよう, meaning something\nalong the lines of \"so that I am able to laugh in the end\".\n\n> 轍と共にある今に指輪をはめてあげましょう \n> I'll put a ring on you that is inscribed with this moment.\n\nThe part that's complicated here is the part that comes before the に in this\nsentence. So, breaking this up a bit:\n\n * 轍と共にある今に\n\n\"This moment with the **rut/furrow/groove/incision/etc.** \" I find that 轍 is\nan interesting word in that the words for it in English can always mean\nsomething else. 轍 is referring to the track left behind by the passing of a\nwheel, or the furrow or groove made by a plow or something like that.\nTherefore, it can also be taken to mean an inscription, a plowing, some sort\nof incision onto the earth or other material, etc. 轍と共にある all modifies 今 which\nis \"This moment\" or \"Now\", and since it is being modified it is taken as a\nnoun.\n\n * 指輪をはめてあげましょう\n\nThis is easier. \"I want to put a ring on you\". This could mean wanting to\nmarry the person, or, else, entrap the person as if a ring were put on the\nwhole of the person.\n\nHope this helps! The users who know better will probably tear my answer to\nshreds, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T03:17:26.183",
"id": "56044",
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"body": "> どうして街はまた ずかずかと笑顔取り戻せるのか\n\nずかずか is the same as ずけずけ, a negative adverb that describes someone's carefree,\nblunt, inconsiderate or overly-familiar attitude. In this context, he is\nirritated by town people because they seem happy while he is sad.\n\n> 遠吠えにしたって 最後には笑えるよう願って吠えてる\n\n～にしたって is the same as [～にしても](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82-ni-shite-mo/), a way of\nemphatically picking up something among similar things. \"Even for ～\" or \"Even\nwhen ～ is concerned\". For example 冗談にしたって失礼だ means \"It's rude even as a joke.\"\nIn general 遠吠え is not necessarily a sad thing, but in this context I think\nthis 遠吠え represents his sadness.\n\n→ \"Even when I bark (in sorrow), I'm doing so hoping I can laugh in the end.\"\n\n> 轍と共にある今に指輪をはめてあげましょう\n\nHe is trying to put a ring on 今 itself, not \"you\". Remember this is a breakup\nsong; he has just lost someone to present a ring to! Basically the underlying\ncontext around this line is \"For now, I want to deeply feel my sorrow, so that\nI will not forget it in the future\". So I think this line is saying he wants\nto mark this present time as an important, memorable one. Maybe he's hoping\nhis memory will turn into a good memory in the future, \"little by little\".\n轍と共にある modifies 今 (\"this moment with a rut\"). I guess this 轍 is a metaphor for\nhis past.",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-21T07:26:52.987",
"id": "56089",
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"body": "As many Japanese learners already know, the particle `ので` is mainly used to\nindicate that the preceding sentence/clause should be understood as a reason\nthat justifies or answers another statement (the best equivalents in meaning\nin English would probably be _\" because\"_ and _\" since\"_). So, in this usage,\n`ので` is perfectly interchangeable with `から`, only differing in politeness\nlevel.\n\nHowever, as I've seen in many sources (like here: [Function of から in this\nconversation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30999/function-\nof-%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-in-this-conversation/31006#31006)), **`から` can also be\nused in casual speech as a sentence-ending particle that reinforces what it\nhas been said and gives out an assertive tone** (if I were to choose an\nequivalent in English for this meaning, I would probably say an _\" I tell ya\"_\ntag). So, the thing is, **could`ので` be interchangeable with `から` in this usage\ntoo?**\n\nLet me show you an **example of a situation where this may be possible**. This\nis a troublesome dialogue I found while reading manga: (to put you in context,\ntwo waitresses talk about a possible new recruit and a male coworker barges\nin):\n\n> Adult waitress: 同{どう}級{きゅう}生{せい}入{はい}ったら楽{たの}しいかもよ？\n>\n> Young waitress: 友{とも}達{だち}作{づく}りで来{き}ている訳{わけ}じゃない **ので**\n>\n> Young waiter: みてぇなつらら女{おんな} // 誰{だれ}も友{とも}達{だち}になりたかねーよ！\n\nI'm going to write down here my personal interpretation of each line so you\ncould better understand my doubts and why I ended up making that question\nabout `ので`.\n\nLet's begin: No problems with the first sentence except for that question mark\nright after the `よ` particle. I would never have expected the `よ` particle to\nappear in a question given its assertive tone, so I got confused and searched\nfor similar cases. This is the only thing I found: [How do I interpret this\nquestion that ends with\nよ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6524/how-do-i-interpret-this-\nquestion-that-ends-with-%E3%82%88). And from what I understood, `よ?` exposes\ninfo, but in a _\" just so you know\"_ manner (kinda like a _\" keep it in mind\"_\ntag). Consequently, I would translate the adult waitress's line as:\n\n> 同{どう}級{きゅう}生{せい}入{はい}ったら楽{たの}しいかもよ？\n>\n> _Things might be fun when a classmate joins (to your job), keep it in mind._\n\nNext is that dreaded line ending in a `ので` that I don't really understand.\nFollowing the \"normal\" use of `ので` (having the same meaning as the conjunction\n_\" because\"_ in English), the line's translation would be:\n\n> 友{とも}達{だち}作{づく}りで来{き}ている訳{わけ}じゃないので\n>\n> _Because it's not like I'm coming here to make friends._\n\nHowever, that feels out of place to me. If the _\" it's not like I come...\"_\nclause should be understood as a reason, which other statement is being\njustified/answered? If the young waitress would have said `いいえ` before, or\nkept on talking, it would all make sense... but the dialogue is just as I\nwrote, nothing was omitted.\n\nI struggled hard to find a meaning, but I got no satisfactory results. Then I\nremembered the similitude between `ので` and `から`, and I thought to myself\n\"maybe `ので` works here as an informal emphatic particle like `から`\". So I came\nup with this translation attempt:\n\n> 友{とも}達{だち}作{づく}りで来{き}ている訳{わけ}じゃない **ので**\n>\n> **_There is no way I'm coming here to make friends, I tell you._**\n\n(Notice that given the hypothetical emphatic tone of `ので` here, I decided to\nlevel up the toughness of the `訳じゃない` expression in its translation)\n\nAaaand finally, the waiter's line. I included this just to show that the young\nwaitress's line has no continuation. But since we're here, I'm going to give\nit a try anyway (this originally came in two different speech bubbles, hence\nthe slashes):\n\n> みてぇなつらら女{おんな} // 誰{だれ}も友{とも}達{だち}になりたかねーよ！\n>\n> Look, ice-girl, nobody wants to make friends (with you)!\n\nIf anything, I have a minor doubt regarding if he meant _\" make friends with\nthe girl\"_ or _\" make friends in general\"_. It would be great if you could\ngive me your opinions on this thing too.\n\nAnd that's all! Sorry for the wall of text. I hope somebody can shed some\nlight on this question!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T02:28:22.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56043",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-22T01:13:17.850",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"sentence-final-particles",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "If から can work as an informal emphatic particle, so can ので?",
"view_count": 463
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, I wouldn’t consider either から or ので emphatic particles. They are\n助詞｛じょし｝, or more specifically\n[[接続助詞]{せつぞくじょし}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E8%A9%9E)\n(conjunctive particles, listed further down the linked page).\n\nので and から are used identically in the structure you have inquired about. In\nthis construction, rather than ‘because’, think of it as ‘so’.\n\n> ‘I gave up junk food because I’m getting fat.’\n\nversus\n\n> ‘I’m getting fat, so I gave up on junk food.’\n\nAs ので is considered more moderate and softer-sounding than から, some modern\nwomen prefer to use this word.\n\n> 同級生入ったら楽しいかもよ？ \n> It might be fun if a classmate joined the team, huh?\n\nよ？ is used pretty often by relatively younger people when making a statement\nthey feel confident about, yet still looking for confirmation. (若者言葉）.\nAlternative to ね？ in this case.\n\nYou should follow the から or ので to the sentence’s logical conclusion:\n\n> 友達作りで来ている訳じゃないので（、別にどうでもいい）。 \n> I didn’t come here to make friends (, so I don’t really care).\n\nThe final translation (to me) would sound thus:\n\n> みてぇなつらら女、誰も友達になりたかねーよ！ \n> Look here, ice queen. Nobody wants to be your friend anyway!",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-19T04:08:42.660",
"id": "56047",
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56043
| null |
56047
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56046",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 言語に対する深い関心が現代において具体的にどのような形で現れてきているかということ --- このことを考える前に、 **そうではないいわば**\n> 伝統的な言語觀とはどのような性格のものであるか、ということをまず確認しておいたほうがよいと思います\n\nFrom my understanding, this paragraph, ignoring the そうではないいわば means:\n\n> Before considering the form of which the deep interest in languages emerges\n> at present, I think that it is better to check out the character of the\n> traditional view on languages first.\n\nBut what does そうではないいわば mean in this sentence? I am not sure what そう is\nreferring to here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T03:31:17.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56045",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-19T04:56:56.970",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-19T04:56:56.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "27310",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What does そうではないいわば mean in this context",
"view_count": 253
}
|
[
{
"body": "* そう refers to what was mentioned in the first part of the sentence: 現代における言語に対する関心の形 or 現代の言語観.\n * そうではない is a relative clause that modifies 伝統的な言語観.\n * [いわば](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%A8%80%E3%82%8F%E3%81%B0) is \"what might be called ～\" or \"so to speak\". It independently modifies the following phrase.\n\nMy attempt:\n\n> そうではない、いわば伝統的な言語観 \n> something not modern, what might be called a traditional view on languages \n> something different, a traditional view on languages, as one might say",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T03:58:03.860",
"id": "56046",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-19T04:05:01.870",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-19T04:05:01.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"parent_id": "56045",
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56045
|
56046
|
56046
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56051",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Recently I've been talking on Twitter with a few people and at some point I\nwanted to say phrase that I have written in the title. I probably didn't\nexpress myself very well because the only think I had come up with when I\nreplied was by using もし僭越なら... \nWhat I would like to know is how can I express something by saying...\"if I\nsound (arrogant, bossy for example). Can you perhaps help with more examples?\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T10:33:12.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56049",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-28T14:49:52.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"expressions"
],
"title": "How can I say \"I apologize if I sound presumptuous\"?",
"view_count": 559
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are various expressions used between Japanese people, but if the\nopponent of OP is a Japanese and he/she knows that OP is a non-native speaker\nof Japanese, he/she will take everything into consideration including what you\nthink to \"be presumptuous\", so it is better that you wouldn't care about extra\nthings and write/say what you like without using difficult expressions like\nもし僭越なら.\n\nBy the way, I'll show you what kind of expressions are used among Japanese\npeople.\n\n * 僭越ではございますが、\n * 僭越だとは思いますが、\n * 失礼にならなければ良いのですが、\n * 失礼を承知で申しますと、\n * 失礼なら申し訳ありませんが、\n * 最初に言っとくけど、気に障｛さわ｝ったらごめん（ね）。\n\nLast but not least, even Japanese people rarely use them because they are very\ndifficult expressions to be used properly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T13:16:03.680",
"id": "56051",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "If you want to say \"I might sound presumptuous, but... (as a lead-in to the\nmain topic)\", you could say:\n\n> * 「[僭越]{せんえつ}ながら、・・・」 (very formal)\n> * 「[僭越]{せんえつ}とは[存]{ぞん}じますが、・・・」 (very formal)\n> * 「[差]{さ}し[出]{で}がましい（ことを言う）ようですが、・・・」 (formal)\n> * 「[出過]{です}ぎたことを言うようですが、・・・」 (formal)\n> * 「ぶしつけながら、・・・」 (formal)\n> * 「[生意気]{なまいき}なことを言うようですが、・・・」 (less formal)\n> * 「[偉]{えら}そうなことを言うようですが、・・・」 (偉そう=bossy; less formal) \n> etc...\n>\n\nIn case you want to say \"I apologize if I sound presumptuous.\" (as a\nstandalone sentence):\n\n> * 「[差]{さ}し[出]{で}がましいようでしたら、すみません。/ [申]{もう}し[訳]{わけ}ありません。」 (formal)\n> * 「[出過]{です}ぎたことを言うようでしたら、すみません。/ 申し訳ありません。」 (formal)\n> * 「[生意気]{なまいき}なことを言うようで、すみません。/ 申し訳ありません。」 (less formal)\n> * 「[偉]{えら}そうなことを言うようで、すみません。/ 申し訳ありません。」 (偉そう=bossy; less formal) \n> etc...\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-20T10:17:02.993",
"id": "56065",
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"score": 4
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] |
56049
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56051
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56051
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've read a number of questions on here regarding のだ, but what I'm looking for\nin this question is the nuance のだ imparts to a sentence as compared to when a\nsimilar construction is used. There are two usages of it by which I am\nparticularly befuddled.\n\n 1. When のだ is used to provide an explanation, how does it differ from (だ)から? For example, how do the following two sentences differ? (And no, I'm not asking about the difference between のだから and だから; I've found satisfactory answers on that topic.)\n\n> 今は行かなければいけない。母からの電話がきた **から** 。\n>\n> 今は行かなければいけない。母からの電話がきた **んだ** 。\n\n 2. When occurring as のだ{が/けど}, how does the sentence differ from when the の is dropped? The answer given to this [question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3349/how-is-the-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-working-here) describes this usage as providing background, but can background not be provided without the の? And again, how do the following two sentences differ?\n\n> 宿題をした **ん** ですが、学校に持ってくるのを忘れました。(taken from\n> [here](https://j-nihongo.com/ndesuga/))\n>\n> 宿題をしましたが、学校に持ってくるのを忘れました。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T13:15:28.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56050",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-01-20T06:09:26.167",
"last_editor_user_id": "23869",
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particle-の",
"explanatory-の"
],
"title": "のだ vs. similar constructions",
"view_count": 298
}
|
[
{
"body": "> When のだ is used to provide an explanation, how does it differ from (だ)から?\n\nGiving a reason is only one of the ways to explain something. Explanatory-のだ\nis used in [broader situations](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-\ngrammar/explanatory-noda/) to mark an important part of your conversation.\nWhen it does provide a reason for the previous sentence, it's semantically\ninterchangeable with から. The difference is から is more explicit, unambiguous\nand matter-of-factly. から is preferred in logical sentences such as math\nproofs. In casual and/or lively conversations, から is less common. You can even\ncombine both から and ん and say 電話が来たからなんです. This is more emphatic and vivid\nthan plain 電話が来たからです.\n\n> And again, how do the following two sentences differ?\n>\n\n>> 宿題をした **ん** ですが、学校に持ってくるのを忘れました。 \n> 宿題をしましたが、学校に持ってくるのを忘れました。\n\nThis is a typical explanatory-の which provides a clarification of the\n_previous_ context. A sentence like this is usually used as an excuse for a\nquestion like \"Why did you forget your homework?\". In such cases, the first\nsentence should be used. Without の/ん, it doesn't sound like an excuse at all.\nIf this was an answer to a question like \"How was your last vacation?\", the\nneutral second sentence could be fine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T13:35:39.663",
"id": "56070",
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"score": 3
}
] |
56050
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56062",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While learning vocab using the kanji 由、I came across the word 経由 which is\ntranslated on jisho.org as:\n\n> _Adverbial noun_ \n> 1. through; by way of; via\n>\n> _Suru verb_ \n> 2. to go via; to go by way of \n>\n\nThis left me confused as to the difference between this word and the particle\nで and whether it can be replaced by or used with this particle. If anyone\ncould enlighten me to a context in which this word would be used and a few\nsentence examples, I would be very grateful!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T14:43:38.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56052",
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"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "26908",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"particle-で",
"sentence"
],
"title": "経由 - how would I use this in a sentence?",
"view_count": 375
}
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[
{
"body": "経由 directly follows a noun representing a place and works like a **no-\nadjective** as a whole.\n\n * 東京駅経由の電車に乗る。\n * 上野駅に東京駅経由で行った。\n * この電車は東京駅経由です。\n * 東京駅経由なら安くなります。\n\nAnd it works as a prefix-like noun meaning \"intermediate\" or \"transit\n(point)\".\n\n * 経由地\n * 経由点\n * 経由駅\n\nIt also works as a suru-verb meaning \"to go through/via ～\". It takes を.\n\n * 東京駅を経由して上野に向かいます。\n * 東京駅を経由します。\n\nYou can ask a transit point like this:\n\n * どこを経由して行きますか？ どの駅を経由して行きますか？\n * どこ経由で行きますか？ 何駅経由で行きますか？ (less formal)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T07:41:32.530",
"id": "56062",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-20T13:41:48.330",
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"parent_id": "56052",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
56052
|
56062
|
56062
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56063",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was watching a few episodes of the anime for 魔法遣いに大切なこと and I couldn't help\nbut notice that the main character, a girl from 岩手県 in this story, pronounced\nsome words containing し as though they contained す instead, such as 私｛わたし｝\nbeing pronounced 私｛わたす｝, or した being pronounced as すた, for example. I don't\nrecall this coming from a specific dialect, but I could be proven wrong. This\nmight not even be a dialect, but I guess my question is three part:\n\n 1. Am I hearing her right? Is she really pronouncing し closer to す?\n 2. Is there an area of Japan where this kind of pronunciation is common?\n 3. Does this derive from a dialect/Can this be considered a dialect?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T00:00:26.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56057",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-20T13:30:52.377",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-20T01:51:41.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"dialects",
"phonology",
"vowels"
],
"title": "pronunciation, dialects/background: わたす、すた？",
"view_count": 280
}
|
[
{
"body": "I lived in Morioka for a while in the mid-90s, and I don't remember any such\naccent. At the time, younger folks used さ on the end a lot: あのさ、それでさ、 etc.\nOlder folks (as in, grandparent age) had a distinct accent, where らりるれろ\nsounded much more liquid, like `/la li lu le lo/` with a real `/l/` sound\ninstead of the usual \"r\" flap.\n\nWhat you're hearing might be related to the so-called _yotsugana_\npronunciation shift. In the literature, this is described as a gradual\nleveling of the pronunciation of four kana: じ・ぢ・ず・づ, where these all gravitate\ntowards a single pronunciation, depending on region. See the Wikipedia article\nfor details: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotsugana>\n\nI note from the map in the article that Morioka is a kind of island in the\nmiddle, where the `/i/` and `/u/` sounds are apparently still distinct, which\nmight explain why I didn't hear any し・す merger. Although _yotsugana_ is\ngenerally regarded as limited to the four _rendaku_ kana, the vowel shift\nmight also extend to the _seion_ varieties し・ち・す・つ, which would ostensibly\nresult in the pronunciations you're hearing in the anime.\n\n**PS:** For a related phenomenon in English regarding the merger of vowel\nsounds, have a look at [this Wikipedia section describing the merger between\n_pin_ and _pen_ in certain varieties of American\nEnglish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of_English_high_front_vowels#Pin%E2%80%93pen_merger).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T01:48:16.783",
"id": "56058",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-20T01:48:16.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "56057",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Let me preface this with admitting that I have hardly any experience with\nTohoku’s regional dialects. After a little research, however, I found\n[this](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%8F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%99) and\n[this](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E)\nabout わだす as well as [this](http://akitaben.seesaa.net/article/22423951.html)\nand [this](http://www.miyaginet.jp/miyagi/Dialect.htm) about すた to support\nyour impressions (you might need to search a couple of those pages for the\nexamples).\n\n> わかりすたべー ＝ わかりましたか？\n\nFor this dialect, 濁点{だくてん｝ are apparently often affixed to many sounds that do\nnot use them in standard Japanese. か becomes が, as in しずがに instead of しずかに.,\netc. Hence, this is the reason some people refer to it derogatorily as\n[ズーズー弁](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BC%E5%BC%81).\n-- m(*T▽T *)m ｵ､ｵﾕﾙｼｦ･･･\n\nReal Tohoku dialects appear rife with differences from standard Japanese. I\nbelieve you’re just touching the tip of the iceberg here.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T02:03:29.910",
"id": "56059",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-20T09:20:13.887",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-20T09:20:13.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56057",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> 1. Am I hearing her right? Is she really pronouncing し closer to す?\n> 2. Is there an area of Japan where this kind of pronunciation is common?\n> 3. Does this derive from a dialect/Can this be considered a dialect?\n>\n\nいずれも答えはyesです。 但し、アニメの中の表現（発音）ですので、日本人の **共通的な認識** に基づくであろうとする **虚構**\nの世界での話です。また、主人公が東北地方から東京に出てきたことを鮮明にするために、標準的な発音との違いを **極端に** 表現しているものと思われます。\n但し、この発音が、日本で言うと、東京ではなく、九州でも四国でも関西でもなく、\n**東北地方のどこかのものであろうと想定するのは、事実であるかどうかとは無関係に、日本人の共通的な認識** であることも事実です。\n\n学問的あるいは経験に基づく正確な情報は、user27280さん、あるいはEiríkr\nÚtlendiさんの回答に記載されたものが正しいと思います。（両者に+1 upvote）\n\n３つの質問を少し詳細に検討します。\n\n> 1. Am I hearing her right? Is she really pronouncing し closer to す?\n>\n\n[ここ](http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3ezldp)で観ることができる「魔法遣いに大切なこと」という題名のアニメ動画の4:23のところで主人公の女の子が確かに「私｛わたす｝」と発音しました。\n\n> 2. Is there an area of Japan where this kind of pronunciation is common?\n>\n\n上の質問を「東北地方に住んでいない日本人」にたずねたら、「そのような地方はある」、「それは東北地方だ」あるいは「東北弁だ」と回答します。\n\n東北地方の中心的な位置にある岩手県の県庁所在地である盛岡に暮らした経験があるというEiríkr\nÚtlendiさんは、そのような発音を聞いていないと回答の中で書いています。\n\nこれに関しては３つの説明ができます。 \n（１）盛岡では、本当に「私」を「わたす」のように発音していない。 \n（２）Eiríkr\nÚtlendiさんが盛岡で出会った人々は、いわゆる典型的な東北弁と言われる発音をしていなかった。別の言葉で言うと、標準的な発音を身につけた人々であった。 \n（３）東北に住んでいる人でもお年寄りは常に典型的な東北弁をしゃべるが、ある程度若い人はテレビ放送の普及等により、標準的な日本語発音を耳にする機会が多いので、標準的な発音を身につけており、相手が地元の人でない（外国人であるEiríkr\nÚtlendiさんである）と分かると東北弁的な発音ではなく、標準的な発音でしゃべるような発音の切り替えをしている。\n\nEiríkr Útlendiさんの経験とは違って実際に典型的な東北弁の発音が今でも残っている例を２つ示します。 \n（１）テレビ放送番組の一つで、地方に住んでいる家族（両親等）が、東京に出て働いている、あるいは学んでいる子供に動画で語り掛ける「ビデオレター video\nletter」という有名な番組がありました。その家族（両親等）は岩手県に住んでいる人かどうかは不明ですが、私を含めた視聴者は、東北地方のどこかに住んでいる家族からの「ビデオレター」も結構あったというのが「共通の認識\ncommon\nunderstanding」だと思います。「私」を「わたす」と発音したからそのように思ったかどうかは覚えておりませんが、明らかに東北地方の発音はすぐに分かります。 \n（２）Eiríkr\nÚtlendiさんの回答で東北弁の学問的な資料としてWikipediaの「[四つ仮名](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotsugana)」が挙がっておりますが、その資料を見ますと東北弁に類した発音が島根県に残っていることが分かります。島根県出身の人としては、総理大臣であった「竹下登」さんが有名ですが、彼は、島根県なのに、東北弁のような発音をしていたというのが印象的でした。明らかに発音だけで東北弁であることが判断できます。同様に歌手の吉幾三さんは、歌を聞いただけで東北弁であることが分かります。吉幾三さんは青森県出身です。\n\n東北弁＝「わた **す**\n」ではありませんが、日本のどこかにそのような発音をする地域があり、それは東北弁と密接に関係しており、日本人の認識として定着していると思います。\n\n> 3. Does this derive from a dialect/Can this be considered a dialect?\n>\n\nそのとおりです。主人公の少女が岩手県の出身であることを印象付けるために、東北弁であると日本人が認識するであろう発音をさせたものであると言えます。但し、岩手県で実際にこのように人々が発音しているかどうかは作者は検証していないと思います。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T07:41:38.737",
"id": "56063",
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"score": 7
}
] |
56057
|
56063
|
56063
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56090",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm watching a drama and there's a scene with a closeup of a cheque. It shows\nthe box where you would write the amount to pay, which I've parsed as below.\nWhat is `金` used for and how is it read? `金額` already specifies it's an amount\nof money plus there are two different yen symbols used.\n\n> 金額 ￥ 金壱億伍阡萬円也\n\n=\n\n> 金額・￥・金・壱億伍阡萬・円・也\n\n=\n\n> (amount)・(yen symbol)・ **(?)** ・(一億五千万)・(another yen symbol)・(exact amount /\n> \"only\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T17:45:06.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56072",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-21T11:47:26.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Filling out a cheque - 金",
"view_count": 429
}
|
[
{
"body": "This type of 金 is a prefix that just indicates the following number is an\namount of money. It's read as きん. For example, 金三万円 (read きん さんまんえん) means\n\"30,000 yen (of money)\". This is occasionally used in certain serious\nfinancial contexts, particularly in places where\n[大字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_numerals#Formal_numbers) are still\nused.\n\nPractically, the only chance for a layperson to write this type of 金 is when\nthey prepare money envelopes such as\n[祝儀袋](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%ABgi-bukuro). See [how to prepare\n祝儀袋](https://wedding.rakuten.co.jp/guest/goshugi/writing/) (in Japanese). The\nmajority of Japanese people have never seen nor used checks in Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T20:55:33.267",
"id": "56076",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-21T05:17:58.120",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-21T05:17:58.120",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56072",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Writing \"金\" at the beginning of numbers such as monetary amounts is to prevent\naltering or falsification. Possible altering is to add another number before\nthe digit string. Therefore, it is important not to leave a gap between \"金\"\nand the beginning of the numbers so that not any numbers are added.\n\nFurther more, we use \"壱, 弐, 参, 拾, 阡, 萬 and 圓\" instead of \"一, 二, 三, 十, 千, 万,\nand 円\" respectedly in order to prevent altering. They used \"円\" in the example\ngiven by OP, but we usually use \"圓\" for \"円\".\n\nI think you can easily understand that \"一\", \"二\" and \"三\" are easily altered\ninto \"五\". \n\"十\", \"千\" and \"万\" could be changed into \"五\", too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-21T10:55:33.663",
"id": "56090",
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}
] |
56072
|
56090
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56076
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56077",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ロケットから出たガスなどが **小さな氷** になって... \n> The gases that came from the rocket turned into small ice (crystals) and\n> ...\n\nIs this sentence complete? I would expect to see \"small ice crystals\", \"small\npieces of ice\" etc, rather than just \"small ice\".\n\nIf this is fine can I extend it to other quantities that, in English, would be\nregarded as uncountable, e.g. can I say 大きな水 to mean large droplets of water,\nor even large amounts of water. Depending on the context I can imagine this\nreferring to cloud formation or contrasting the size of a lake with the size\nof an ocean.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T17:50:18.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56073",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-21T06:43:56.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is it correct to say 小さな氷",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "小さな氷 is perfectly valid in Japanese. It refers to small ice particles rather\nthan a small amount of ice (or 少量の氷). You can also say 大きな氷, 3個の氷 and such\nreferring to each block of ice. But you cannot usually say 大きな水 and you should\nsay 多くの水 or たくさんの水 instead.\n\nDistinction of countable and uncountable nouns is not always the same in other\nlanguages. Japanese people who are learning English, including myself, often\nmake mistakes like \"two ices\", \"three newses\", \"five breads\", etc. See also:\n[What is a TV news story\ncalled?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40159/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T21:08:52.447",
"id": "56077",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-21T06:43:56.763",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-21T06:43:56.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56073",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
56073
|
56077
|
56077
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: a group of men are walking down a secluded road, they get the feeling\nthey're being followed and sure enough their hunch is proved right when\nthey're suddenly attacked, a projectile is launched at them but they manage to\ndodge it (at this point their attacker is still hidden).\n\nOne of the men tries to provoke this hidden assailant to draw them out by\ncalling their attack weak and sluggish, he also says this:\n\n> まさかと思うが、今のが必殺技ってこたぁねえよな？\n\nWhat I'm not sure about is \"こたぁねえ\" is this a contraction of \"ことはない\" in which\ncase the speaker would be saying:\n\n> Whether or not you believe it, it's not like that was a lethal technique\n> just now was it?\n\nOr if this is totally the wrong assumption, what is the correct way to parse\nthat sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T18:48:04.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56074",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-20T23:06:21.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27359",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Is こたぁねえ= ことはない?",
"view_count": 326
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, I would mention the meaning behind the expression 「まさかと思う」would be best\nrepresented as follows:\n\n> 「まさかと思うが、」 ‘It seems impossible, but’ or ‘By any chance, was that...’\n>\n> ‘Believe it or not,’ would be closer to 「まさかと思うだろうが、」\n\nFull translation:\n\n> That couldn’t possibly have been a lethal technique.\n\nAs has been commented, you can find more information about 「こたぁねぇ」on previous\nposts. This speech tendency is mostly used by ‘tough’ types (typically men),\nor used by regular people to sound rough (either seriously or as a joke) or to\ndemonstrate frustration and indignation, ex. 知らねぇよ！ It might just be easier to\nthink of it as regional slang.\n\nMany of these formed from regional dialects. This example of morphing the\nlanguage seems to be referred to as 促音便化 or 音便. I believe that your example is\nmore representative of 下町言葉 (江戸弁）, specific to the central Tokyo area. In\nKansai, for example, こっちゃ is used quite a bit, as in 「えらいこっちゃでえ」, meaning\n‘It’s serious’ or ‘Oh crap!’ (大変なこと）. This is referred to as 音変化\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%93%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83-502580) .\nYou can also find some examples of 下町言葉\n[here](http://www.muse.dti.ne.jp/~squat/tokyoben.htm).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-20T23:06:21.537",
"id": "56078",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-20T23:06:21.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56074",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
56074
| null |
56078
|
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