question
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list | id
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⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60176",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am practicing for N4, the question prompt is this:\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FzPNB.png)\n\nI am confused why 3 is the correct answer for the following\nquestion:[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2lKZ1.png)\n\nMy understanding is as follows:\n\n 1. Yamada-san's convenience is \"evil\" it seems. (??)\n 2. I think it's inconvenient for Yamada-san.\n 3. Yamada-san said it's inconvenient.\n 4. It's probably inconvenient for Yamada-san.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T23:57:03.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60170",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T10:41:35.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30649",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"jlpt"
],
"title": "Why is わるいそうです similar to わるいといっています?",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[
{
"body": "そう has two different meanings:\n\n * [What is the difference between [plain form of verb]～そう and [root of verb]～そう?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/607/5010)\n * [Why does そう in 「美味しいそう」 not mean \"seem\" the way I think it should?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1994/5010)\n * [N + sou desu is acceptable](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18834/5010)\n\n* * *\n\nそう after a 終止形 (\"sentence-ending\" form) is a hearsay marker, and is translated\nas \"I've heard ...\", \"(He/She) said ...\" or \"People say ...\". Here, 終止形\nincludes:\n\n 1. dictionary form of a verb \n\n> 来るそうです。 I heard he will come.\n\n 2. dictionary form of an i-adjective \n\n> おいしいそうです。 I heard it's delicious.\n\n 3. だ (after a noun or a na-adjective) \n\n> 学生だそうです。 I heard she's a student. \n> 簡単だそうです。 I heard it's easy.\n\n 4. some auxiliaries that can end a sentence \n\n> 食べられるそうです。 I heard it's edible. \n> 彼が書いたそうです。 I heard he wrote it. \n> 彼がやらせるそうです。 I heard he would make her do it.\n\nSo the original sentence means the same thing as Option 3.\n\nPlease do not confuse this そう with そう meaning \"to seem\", \"to look\" or \"to be\nabout to ～\"\n\n> 来そうです。 Looks like he's coming. \n> おいしそうです。 Looks delicious. \n> 簡単そうです。 It seems easy. \n> 食べられそうです。 This seems to be edible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T06:53:24.800",
"id": "60176",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T10:41:35.950",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-17T10:41:35.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60170",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60170
|
60176
|
60176
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60175",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What nuances are carried when addressing someone as きみ?\n\n * I often hear a (Japanese) manager addressing his subordinates using きみ\n * My partner told me that addressing him as きみ made him feel like we were having an argument. \n\nSo I'd like to know what nuances are in that word (or if it really does vary\nfrom person to person).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T01:51:28.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60172",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T07:42:19.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "What nuances are carried when addressing someone as きみ?",
"view_count": 223
}
|
[
{
"body": "きみ is one of those words that are common in fiction but rare in real life.\n\nIn fiction or lyrics, きみ is a common, androgynous, friendly and gentle\npronoun, which is more casual than あなた but much less casual than おまえ/あんた/etc.\nFor example it's used by:\n\n * Someone who is a writing a letter to their partner or close friend (きみ is actually very common in songs for love and friendship, and its gender-neutrality is often very handy)\n * A boy/girl who met a stranger of the same age\n * A timid, gentle or leader-like character who doesn't like calling someone with おまえ/あんた (e.g. のび太 and 出木杉 in ドラえもん)\n * A teacher/boss to their students/subordinates\n\nIn real life, however, きみ is rare anyway. A boss calling their subordinates is\nprobably one of the cases きみ might be used in real life, although no one\naround me actually use it. Your partner might have felt your きみ sounded bossy\nand condescending. One _real_ instance of きみ I definitely remember for now\nis...a stage performer who picked one of the audience using \"きみ! (You!)\". A\nfew \"委員長タイプ\" students might be using きみ without being laughed at when I was a\nhigh school student, but I've almost forgotten.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T05:25:37.653",
"id": "60175",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T07:42:19.643",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-17T07:42:19.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60172",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60172
|
60175
|
60175
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60202",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can somebody give me the right pitch accent for the following verbal forms? As\nthey are verbs, they should all be either accentless or accented on the\npenultimate syllable (although I am not sure how it works with the forms that\nend in -えいる, perhaps antepenultimate, i.e. on the え???)\n\n 1. 書ける (can write, i.e. potential)\n 2. 書かれる (is written, i.e. passive)\n 3. 書かせる (cause to write, i.e. causative)\n 4. 書いている (is writing, i.e. continuous)\n 5. 買える (can buy, i.e. potential)\n 6. 買われる (is bought, i.e. passive)\n 7. 買わせる (cause to buy, i.e. causative)\n 8. 買っている (is buying, i.e. continuous)\n 9. 食べられる (can eat, i.e. potential)\n 10. 食べられる (is eaten, i.e. passive)\n 11. 食べさせる (cause to eat, i.e. causative)\n 12. 食べている (is eating, i.e. continuous)\n 13. 浴びられる (can bathe, i.e. potential)\n 14. 浴びられる (is bathed, i.e. passive)\n 15. 浴びさせる (cause to bathe, i.e. causative)\n 16. 浴びている (is bathing, i.e. continuous)\n\nSorry for the long list, but I am trying to \"crack the code\" for the different\ntypes of verbs (accented type I, accentless type I, accented type II,\naccentless type II), for each of the forms I am not sure of…\n\nThanks!\n\nYair",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T09:33:31.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60178",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T09:35:54.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Can somebody give me the right pitch accent for the following verbal forms?",
"view_count": 462
}
|
[
{
"body": "I found the answer thanks to the recommendations given to be in the comments:\n-the -ている forms (continuous) follow the logic of the -て particle: they are\naccentless if the -て particle is accentless, and retain the same pitch accent\nas the -て particle in case the latter is accented; hence 食べている: **た** べている\n(following 食べて: **た** べて) vs. accentless 買っている (accentless 買って). -the other\nforms mirror their original pattern as well (but in a different way for the\naccented verbs): if they were accentless, they remain so; if they were\naccented, the accent of the composite forms (other than -ている) falls on the\npenultimate syllable, e.g. 食べら **れ** る.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T09:35:54.397",
"id": "60202",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T09:35:54.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30417",
"parent_id": "60178",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60178
|
60202
|
60202
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60241",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a good historical or logical explanation why all verbs fall into two\ncategories of pitch accent: either accentless (such as 買う, 浴びる) or accented\n(such as 食べる, 書く)?\n\nI am having a hard time memorising the pitch accent of each and every single\nverb because the distribution seems so random to my brain, so I am hoping that\na historical explanation might shed some light on the phenomenon… and thus\nmake it easier to memorise them…\n\nIn the past I have often found that historical / logical explanations can\nreally clear up things in that sense.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T10:26:39.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60179",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T07:16:37.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"conjugations",
"classical-japanese",
"pitch-accent",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "Is there a historical explanation why verbs fall into two categories of pitch accent?",
"view_count": 295
}
|
[
{
"body": "The distinction goes as far back as we have data. Already in Middle Japanese\n(MJ, Heian period) the verbs were divided into two classes, one with the stem\nmelody LL…LH-, the other HH…HL-;¹ that is, they had a mostly flat pitch, and\nflipped the tone at the very last mora.² These two patterns correspond, to a\ngreat extent, to classes A and B in modern dialects (with a few verbs\nswitching classes here and there). We don’t have tone data for Japanese before\nthis period, so there’s no clear picture of how it evolved. But the reason why\nall verbs fall into two accent classes is surely that the accents (at the end\nof the day, a restricted tone system), in all their numerous dialectal\nvariants, have developed from these 2 older tone patterns.\n\nIn the case of nouns, the MJ tone system was richer; it had more distinctions\nthan than modern Japanese dialects. But for verbs (and i-adjectives) it only\nhad 2 classes, like its modern reflexes. AFAIK there’s no definitive answer as\nto why. Martin speculates that maybe verbs were all created with some sort of\nformant morphemes, now lost, and those levelled the melodies into the 2\nsimpler patterns. However that may be, I don’t think there’s any obvious\nexplanation anymore as to why a given verb is A or B.\n\nNotice however that having only 2 word melodies is a common pattern, cross-\nlinguistically; Norwegian and Swedish do it, and in Japan Kagoshima and some\nRyūkyūan languages evolved in that direction for all words, nouns included.\nMoreover, having different tonal rules for uninflected and inflected words, as\nMJ did, is not unheard of, either; Navajo does much the same.\n\nBy the way, I’d suggest not worrying too much about _deliberately_ memorizing\nthe accent locations.\n\nNotes:\n\n1) In the Kindaichi reconstruction class A (e.g. modern _umaru_ ) in MJ starts\nhigh and flips to low before a suffix: _úmárì-té_ , HHL-H. In the Ramsey\nreconstruction it was the opposite, _ùmàrí-tè_ , LLH-L. And class B (e.g.\n_urámu_ ) was exactly the other way around: _ùràmí-té_ LLH-H for Kindaichi,\nHHL-L _úrámì-tè_ for Ramsey.\n\n2) In class B verbs with ≥4 moræ, the switch happened one mora earlier: modern\n_ayamátsu_ < MJ _àyàmátì-té_ LLHL-L (Kindaichi) / _áyámàtí-tè_ HHLH-L\n(Ramsey). Compare modern anticipations of class B vowel-stem verbs: _okíru_ /\n_ókite_ , _awaséru_ / _awásete_.\n\nUnder the Ramsey reconstruction, the first HL drop in the MJ melody became the\nTokyo accent (this works for the various noun classes, too). So class B ends\nup with the accent on the penultimate because the basic MJ pattern, HH…HL-,\ngives you an HL drop at the penultimate. And class A ended up unaccented\nbecause there was no HL drop within the stem, LLL…LH-. (Notice however that MJ\nclass A dropped the pitch _after_ the stem, so we could expect class A in\nTokyo to end up final-accented; and, interestingly, we actually do have a drop\nfollowing A verbs (unlike unaccented nouns), though it shifts to the suffix if\nthere's one: _hajimeru˺ga_ , _hajime˺wa_ , _hajimeta˺ga_ ; _ireru˺ga_ ,\n_ire˺wa_ , _ireta˺ga_ , etc.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T21:02:34.020",
"id": "60241",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T07:16:37.130",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-20T07:16:37.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "622",
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "60179",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60179
|
60241
|
60241
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60183",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "While reading a light novel, I came upon this sentence. One man shook hands\nwith another and then said.\n\n>\n> 「──[『革新』]{イノベート}せよ、幾瀬鳶雄。ってね。それに──兵藤一誠くんとヴァーリ・ルシファーも。悪の神どもの思惑を崩すために。そして、三十年後に訪れる絶対の絶望から生き残るために」\n\nThe usage of ってね confused me. As I understand, it is just というね, however I\ndon't get what it means in this context. Is it \"Something like this\" or\n\"That's how it is\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T12:34:20.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60181",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T14:04:20.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27144",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of ってね in this context",
"view_count": 1298
}
|
[
{
"body": "(Silly as this may sound, I could not think of any other explanations.)\n\nWe often add a 「ってね」、「なんてね」、「なんちゃって（ね）」, etc. immediately after making a pun.\n\nThese little phrases are the approximate equivalents of \"Just kidding!\",\n\"Sike!\", \"Not!\", etc. in English.\n\nTo answer your question from the context given (without knowing anything about\nthe speaker's personality), I am inclined to think that the above is the case\nhere as well. (Does he joke a lot?)\n\nSo, what is the pun? It is the pretty loose pun of:\n\n『イノベート』せよ、 いくせとびお。= Inobeeto seyo, Ikuse Tobio.\n\n**I** nob **eeto** **se** y **o** , **I** kus **e** **To** bi **o**.\n\nなんちゃってね！",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T13:46:22.160",
"id": "60182",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T13:46:22.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60181",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Yes, this って is a quotative particle and ね is for seeking agreement.\n\nってね is sometimes used to (jokingly) introduce a proverb/catchphrase/cliche;\n\"You know, it is said that ...\", \"So people say ...\".\n\n>\n> [逃げるが勝ち](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%80%83%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8C%E5%8B%9D%E3%81%A1)、ってね。 \n> (You know, they say) fleeing is winning (so I'm running).\n\nThis \"革新せよ幾瀬鳶雄\" is probably not a real established catchphrase, so this may be\nmore like a joke \"People might say 革新せよ幾瀬鳶雄!\" The sentence looks like this\nperson is flattering 鳶雄 with an imaginary grandiose catchphrase.\n\n(FWIW, 幾瀬鳶雄 and イノベート don't sound similar at all to me)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T13:57:48.380",
"id": "60183",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T14:04:20.877",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-17T14:04:20.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60181",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60181
|
60183
|
60183
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60185",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When watching the news and other shows on television, I often see various\nwritten content displayed on the screen for brief periods of time, usually on\nthe bottom, but sometimes on the right. I just learned that in English it is\ncalled closed captioning. I saw the term on Jisho, before posting. It is used\nfrequently on news programs on a daily basis. Is there a Japanese term for\nthis word? What is this content called?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T13:58:03.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60184",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-21T01:45:21.127",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-27T17:53:05.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"katakana"
],
"title": "What is the name of the writing that appears on the screen when watching television?",
"view_count": 13805
}
|
[
{
"body": "**テロップ** (from English [_telop_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telop)) is the\ngeneric word for any type of superimposed text on TV, and it's understood by\neveryone. You can see many テロップ's in the image below, at the top, right, left\nand bottom of the screen.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fWyx0.jpg)\n\n**字幕** (\"subtitle\") is another common word, but it basically only refers to a\ntranscription or translation of what the person on screen is saying.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T14:21:17.717",
"id": "60185",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T14:25:32.897",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-17T14:25:32.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60184",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
] |
60184
|
60185
|
60185
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60188",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking for Japanese word for window sill, specifically the _**interior**_\none.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RCeNs.jpg)\n\nThere is a specific word for a wide interior window sill in Russian\n_(подоконник)_. Is there an equivalent in Japanese? I googled a little and\nfound:\n\n> 窓{まど}の下{した}\n>\n> 嵌{は}め込{こ}み窓{まど}の棚{たな}\n\nI also found:\n\n> 窓{まど}の桟{さん}\n\nbut it appears to refer the _**outer**_ window sill, the one facing the\nstreet.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T14:59:53.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60186",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T15:27:14.970",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22767",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Japanese word for window sill",
"view_count": 759
}
|
[
{
"body": "窓台 seems to be the specific word. 膳板 and 天板 are used to refer to the board\nused to form this 台.\n\n * [窓の手前にある棚のような部分は何と呼ばれるのでしょうか？](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1190852871)\n * [窓台 - Design Note](http://d.hatena.ne.jp/haws+kitchen/touch/20170724/1500874960)\n\n> 窓台って、言われても一般的には？？？だと思います。窓枠ならわかりやすいでしょうか？ その４辺ある窓枠の、下の水平な面を。「窓台」と呼びます。\n\n * [無垢板の窓台 - 新井建設公式ブログ](http://www.athome-arai.jp/blog/e650.html)\n * [リフォームでオシャレな出窓に！特徴やメリット、注意点を知っておこう - LIMIA](https://limia.jp/idea/24328/)\n\n> 出窓を室内から見た時の、下部にある棚のような部分を「窓台」と呼びます。\n\n * [膳板 - 住宅建築専門用語辞典](http://www.what-myhome.net/14se/zenita.htm)\n * [膳板 - 木質建材・建具用語集](https://www.nasluck.co.jp/useful/dictionary/word.php?wid=04472&wdid=01&pg=1&jid=00061&row=03&ini=04)\n\nBut these words are fairly rare. To laypeople, you probably have to say\nsomething like 出窓のカウンター部分, 窓の下の平らなスペース, 窓枠の下の棚状の部分, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T15:16:05.643",
"id": "60188",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T15:27:14.970",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-17T15:27:14.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60186",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
60186
|
60188
|
60188
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60192",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I sometimes hear melodies at malls and near schools prior to closing. Is there\na term used for closing music? I researched 閉鎖音楽. Can other terms be used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T15:02:58.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60187",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T16:54:30.477",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-17T16:44:44.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Is there a term used for the closing music heard at malls and schools at the end of the day?",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is no single-word term for that. But the idea can be easily described\nas:\n\n * 閉店の音楽\n * 閉店の時に流れる曲\n * 閉店案内のBGM\n\n閉店 is of course a closing of a **shop**. Replace it with 下校, 閉館 or 閉園\naccording to what you need to say (for example, 下校の音楽). Alternatively you can\nsay something like お店や学校が閉まる時の音楽.\n\n閉鎖音楽 does not make any sense to me.\n\nIf you want the title of that song you typically hear in the evening, see:\n[Hotaru No Hikari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotaru_no_Hikari).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T16:54:30.477",
"id": "60192",
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"score": 2
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60187
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60192
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60190",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading this tweet, and I could not make sense of the usage of よう here:\n\n> \"date a person who just makes you forget that you have a cell phone. -\n> 携帯電話を持っているのをついつい忘れてしまうような人と付き合いなさい。\"\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Opjlk.jpg)\n\n**But for me \"携帯電話を忘れてしまうような人\" sounds like \"A person who forgets his/her\nphone\", I don't see how the \"make\" nuance is present here. Nor I see how that\nrefers to me and not the other person, unless there was a clear context\nexplicit.**\n\nWhy not:\n\n> 携帯電話を持っているのをついつい忘れてしまわせてくれるような人と付き合いなさい\n\nor\n\n> 携帯電話を持っているのをついつい忘れさせてくれるような人と付き合いなさい",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T15:58:26.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60189",
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"last_editor_user_id": "16104",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"causation"
],
"title": "Can ような mean \"To make\"?",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "携帯電話を持っているのを忘れてしまうような人 can mean both \"a person who is likely to forget the\nfact that he has a phone\" and \"a (fascinating) person who makes you forget\nabout your phone\". But no one wants to date such a forgetful person, so the\nlatter should be the correct interpretation.\n\nYour attempt, 携帯電話を持っているのをついつい忘れさせてくれるような人と付き合いなさい is correct and \"less\nambiguous\" in a sense, but you should be able to infer the meaning of the\noriginal sentence from the context.\n\nIf you understand the following, the original sentence is constructed in a\nsimilar way.\n\n> * 驚くような話 a surprising story\n> * 悲しくなるようなニュース the news that makes me/you sad\n> * 文句を言いたくなるような人 (ambiguous) a troublesome person who deserves complaints /\n> a person who wants to complain\n>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T16:12:53.640",
"id": "60190",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 5
}
] |
60189
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60190
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60190
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60195",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I looked at two different sentences:\n\n> * 六時半に母とばんごはんをつくりました。(At 6:30, I made dinner with my mother.)\n>\n> * よるごはんのあと家族とえいがをみました。(After dinner, I watched a movie with my family.)\n>\n>\n\nIn both sentences, they mention the word _dinner_. I know that breakfast,\nlunch and dinner end in ごはん (gohan), so the only words that must mean dinner\nin these sentences are,\n\n> * ばんごはん\n>\n> * よるごはん\n>\n>\n\n* * *\n\n> > _**What is the difference between ばんごはん and よるごはん? If there is no\n> difference and they mean the same thing (although different words), when and\n> when not is it used in a sentence?**_\n\nI asked my teacher, and my teacher said that they _do_ mean the same thing,\nand we can use either word in any case and/or scenario in a sentence. If that\nbe, why are there two different words? What is the history behind that? (I\nknow the \"gohan\" history, but it did not include the development of these two\nwords meaning the same thing.) Is my teacher correct?\n\nありがとうございます。 \nThank you in advance.\n\n* * *\n\n[This post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3249/the-difference-\nbetween-%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6-and-%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6?rq=1)\nand [this one](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6487/what-is-the-\ndifference-between-%E6%81%B0%E5%A5%BD-and-%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%BD?rq=1) and [this\none, too](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2673/whats-the-\ndifference-\nbetween-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C-%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7-when-\nmeaning-why?rq=1) are all related, but do not answer my question. (There are\ncountless other posts like this, but when typing out my title, the possibility\nof a duplicate post did not show.)\n\nI would like an answer that is descriptive and detailed like the answers in\nthe links.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T04:22:10.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60194",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-16T07:36:03.207",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29594",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"syntax",
"history",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ばんごはん and よるごはん?",
"view_count": 1608
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't see any difference in meaning or formality between the two, but 晩ごはん\nis much more common. 夜ごはん is not uncommon nor strange, either. Here are some\nhit counts from [BCCWJ](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/).\n\n * 晩ごはん: 83\n * 晩御飯: 221\n * 晩ご飯: 158\n * 夜ごはん: 27\n * 夜御飯: 3\n * 夜ご飯: 34\n\nAnd there's also 夕ごはん【ゆうごはん】, which is more common than 夜ごはん.\n\n * 夕ごはん: 34\n * 夕御飯: 9\n * 夕ご飯: 61\n\nI also checked [this\nforum](http://komachi.yomiuri.co.jp/t/2004/1114/022088.htm?o=0&p=1). It seemed\nthat 晩ご飯 is clearly dominant in Kansai (western Japan), but there seemed to be\nno apparent tendency in the other parts of Japan. 夕 means \"evening\" rather\nthan \"night\", so people who usually eats late at night might want to avoid it.\n\n(BTW, 夕食 and 夜食 are clearly different. 夕食 is simply dinner, whereas 夜食 refers\nto light midnight meal/snack.)\n\nI'm not aware of any interesting background story specific to this topic, but\nevery language has tons of synonyms, after all.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T04:46:48.527",
"id": "60195",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60194",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "A) 六時半に母とばんごはんをつくりました。(At 6:30, I made dinner with my mother.)\n\nB) よるごはんのあと家族とえいがをみました。(After dinner, I watched a movie with my family.)\n\nLook at statement B). It stated with Yoru BanGohan No Ato. in this case it is\ntrying to convey that the timing is Night or Evening Time. It is not talking\nabout Dinner. It is two seperate words. It should be read as よる、ごはんのあと。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-16T07:36:03.207",
"id": "72548",
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"score": 0
}
] |
60194
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60195
|
60195
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They mean the same thing or is there a difference?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T04:59:46.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60196",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T05:19:07.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference betweenグズ野郎 andクソ野郎",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both words are used when people abuse someone. However グズ is used for people\nwho are slow to act and judge something, that is \"slowpoke\", \"irresolute\nperson\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T05:19:07.213",
"id": "60197",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T05:19:07.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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"score": 1
}
] |
60196
| null |
60197
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60200",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> てっきり、兄{あに}は腰{こし}を下{お}ろす **もの** だと思{おも}っていた。\n\nI have no clue about what it could mean.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T06:45:43.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60198",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T09:12:02.180",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-09T09:08:05.063",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of もの in this sentence?",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「Phrase/Mini-Sentence + ものだと思っていた」\n\nis probably better if you remembered it as a fixed expression meaning:\n\n> \"I just took it for granted that (Phrase/Mini-Sentence).\"\n>\n> \"I never had the slightest doubt that (Phrase/Mini-Sentence).\"\n\nIt would be practically impossible to translate the 「もの」 all by itself here,\nbut it is being used to refer to an \"assumed fact\".\n\n> 「てっきり、兄{あに}は腰{こし}を下{お}ろすものだと思{おも}っていた。」\n\ntherefore means:\n\n> \"Without thinking, I simply had assumed that my older brother would sit\n> down.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T09:00:48.920",
"id": "60200",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T09:12:02.180",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60198",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
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60200
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60200
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60204",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I believe that it must be some word play here, but what does it really mean?\nWhat is 広がる広げる？\n\nEdit: この文は漢字教材で出会いました。特別なコラムみたいなものです。普通の音読みと訓読みなどの学習ではなく、音の濁りや形声文字について紹介しています。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T11:23:46.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60203",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T13:42:38.610",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-18T13:42:38.610",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "「広がる広げる漢字の知識」ってどういう意味ですか",
"view_count": 226
}
|
[
{
"body": "Is this the title of a book, article, lecture or such? This phrase is not\nreally a wordplay. It's just 広がる漢字の知識 (\"expanding knowledge of kanji\"; 広がる is\nintransitive) and 広げる漢字の知識 (\"knowledge of kanji _you_ expand\"; 広げる is\ntransitive) said together. Technically, it's an example of [right-node\nraising](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/17744/5010).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T12:48:16.080",
"id": "60204",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T12:48:16.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "We use \"知識を広げる\" when I want to say \"understand deeply/well\".\n\nat first, the knowledge(知識) is a point.\n\nwhen you learn deeply, its gonna be spread.\n\nand this time there is two words \"広げる and 広がる\".\n\nby read/watch this book/movie(I guess its title of a book/movie for learning\nsomething), spread your knowledge by yourself(広げる＝transitive verb), and, your\nknowledge is gonna be spread Naturally (intransitive verb).\n\nso, the words 広げる広がる want to say \"you can get really good effect by read/watch\nit\".\n\nwe use such expression for advertising slogan only, we seldom use it for daily\ntalk.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T13:18:50.360",
"id": "60206",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T13:18:50.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30628",
"parent_id": "60203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60203
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60204
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60204
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60208",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been wondering about this for quite some time. Let's say you are having\nan argument with someone. Perhaps it goes something like this,\n\n> A: If we do things your way, we are going to have problems! It's not going\n> to work\n>\n> B: No, I'm absolutely right. I'm going to do it my way. No matter what you\n> say.\n\nAt which point A realizes it is fruitless to fight B anymore, gives up and\nsays\n\n> A: Fine, don't (listen to me/do what I say/listen to sound advice)! And\n> don't come crying to me when it blows up in your face.\n\nMy question, is how would you say, \"Fine, don't listen to me!\" Clearly A\ndoesn't actually want B to listen to him. so I feel that `だったら、僕に聞かないでくれ`\ndoesn't really work. Maybe more like `聞かないでごらん`?\n\nAnother time I've wanted to say this is when I call someone to let them know\nsomething important, and they don't pick up the phone. At which point I\nsarcastically say, \"Ok fine, don't pick up the phone. I guess I won't tell you\nthe important news...\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T14:20:18.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60207",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T14:55:36.270",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to say - Fine, don't listen to me",
"view_count": 1504
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Fine, don't (listen to me/do what I say/listen to sound advice)! And don't\n> come crying to me when it blows up in your face.\n\nI would say something like...\n\n> あっそ！じゃ｛[勝手]{かって}に / 好きに / 好きなように｝すれば！[後]{あと}で｛[泣]{な}きついたって /\n> 泣きついてきたって｝[知]{し}らないからね！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T14:49:03.440",
"id": "60208",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T14:55:36.270",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-18T14:55:36.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "60207",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60207
|
60208
|
60208
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60212",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Suppose someone is about to do/say something dangerous/inappropriate. And I\nwant to stop them _immediately_. In English and Spanish I say \"no!\" to them.\nIt is _an order to stop_ , short form of \"don't do it/that\". How can I do that\nin Japanese?\n\nI do not think you can say いいえ in this case.\n\nTo stop a child from doing something, some book says to say だめ！. But I find it\nlacking, meaning \"it is wrong/problematic to do that\" and leaving the\nconnection to \"(so don't do it)\" to the listener. I want a short direct,\nclear, unambiguous order. :-)\n\nとまれ！[止まれ?] sounds to me more related to movement, less general. Also, だめ！ and\n\"no!\" are simpler for a child (to understand/process, and for me to think and\nsay).\n\nWould the answer depend on context or listener\n(adult/toddler/student/teammate)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T16:56:25.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60209",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T23:01:51.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19686",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say \"no!\" (to stop someone)?",
"view_count": 814
}
|
[
{
"body": "When I lived in Japan, I heard parents use some of the following:\n\nLike you suggested, `だめ！` was among the first. Sometimes followed by `危ないから！`\nor `危ないよ！`\n\nI also heard `やめて！` pretty often.\n\nI guess none of those really carry the \"What you are doing is wrong\" nuance,\nbut neither does \"NO STOP!\" in English. If you have to express the idea that a\nchild should not do something, I would suggest `それをやってはいけないよ` or maybe\n`やっちゃダメだよ` or something similar.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T18:56:13.577",
"id": "60212",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T23:01:51.130",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-18T23:01:51.130",
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"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "60209",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "there are a lot of situations.\n\n・to stop speak: (to child):\n\n```\n\n (to stop loud)静かにしなさい。うるさい。お口はチャック。\n (to stop inappropriate saying)黙りなさい。そんなことを言ってはいけません。\n (both)やめなさい。めっ。こらっ。だめでしょう。しーっ。\n \n```\n\n(to students):\n\n```\n\n (to stop loud)静かにしなさい。私語は慎みなさい。静粛に。 \n (to stop inappropriate saying)黙りなさい。\n (both)口を閉じなさい。\n \n```\n\n(to friends):\n\n(to stop loud)静かにして。うるさいよ。黙ろう。\n\n(to stop inappropriate saying)言いすぎだよ。これ以上はだめ。\n\n(both)やめろ。しーっ。\n\n(to adults (politeway)):\n\n```\n\n (to stop loud)静かにしていただけませんか。静粛にお願いします。私語はお控えください。\n (to stop inappropriate saying)おやめください。冷静になってください。\n (both)---I never heard...---\n \n```\n\n・to stop dangerous things:\n\n```\n\n (to child):危ない！だめっ！やめなさい！こらっ！何やってるの！こっちに来なさい！めっ！\n (to students):危ない！やめなさい！こらっ！何やってるの！\n (to friends):危ない！やめろ！何やってんだ！\n (to adults (polite))おやめください！危険です！何をしていらっしゃるのですか！？\n \n```\n\nWe dont use お黙りください for polite way. because \"お黙り\" include the strong order.\nsometimes in the anime/movie, the princess use \"お黙りなさい\" to lower class person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T21:30:28.007",
"id": "60214",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
60209
|
60212
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60212
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60287",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 彼女の **おおよそ** の年齢しか知らない。 We can only know her approximate age.\n>\n> 旅は **およそ** ５時間くらいかかるでしょう。The trip will take some five hours.\n\nI even found a sentence with both of them:\n\n> １浪で **およそ** 20％台の合格率で、2浪以上では **おおよそ**\n> 2～3％台とかなり低迷しています。([source](https://allabout.co.jp/gm/gc/67786/))\n\nJisho gives the same definitions for the both:\n\n[おおよそ](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8A%E3%82%88%E3%81%9D)\n\n[およそ](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%88%E3%81%9D)\n\nI found that in the dictionary of grammar: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6Vmsj.png)\n\nIt would mean that all other usages of およそ can't be conveyed by おおよそ or I\ndon't understand this explanation correctly...?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T19:25:43.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60213",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T08:03:10.470",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 大凡(おおよそ) and 凡そ(およそ)?",
"view_count": 556
}
|
[
{
"body": "「およそ」は「おおよそ」から発音が変化して生まれたようです。\n従って、両者は同じ意味であるとする一般的な説明がありますが、実際には次にように少しニュアンスあるいは使われた方違っているように思います。\n\n（１）曖昧さの程度が違う\n\nいずれも「約」あるいは「大体」という意味ですが、実際には、「おおよそ」の方が「およそ」より曖昧さの程度が大きいように思います。\n従ってOPが示した最初の「おおよその年齢」では50歳とか60歳とか、10歳単位程度の誤差はありますが、もし、「およその年齢」と言った場合には、50歳前半、50歳半ばあるいは50歳後半という程度の誤差（＝10歳の誤差より少ない誤差）しかないように思います。\n\n「およそ5時間」の例では、話者も読者も5時間プラスマイナス20～30分以内程度、あるいはもっと良い精度を想定しますが、「おおよそ5時間」では4時間から6時間位の大きな誤差を想定します。\n\nこの説明を聞くと、「1浪」のケースではうまく説明できないようですが、多分後半の「おおよそ」は、私なら「およそ2～3％台」と書き表｛あらわ｝すところです。あるいは「台」を使わず「およそ2～3％」と書き表すでしょう。「20％台」なら「20数％」を意味しますが、「2～3％」の表現で「台」を使うのは何か変ですね。「2％台」なら「2.数％」という意味ですが、「2～3％台」は実際にはどういう意味なのでしょうか。「2～3％台」が変な表現ですので、「おおよそ」を議論するのに値しない例だとお考え下さい。\n\n（２）「おおよその見当/見方/考え方」\n\n「概略の」あるいは「一般的な」「見当｛けんとう｝/見方｛みかた｝/考えた」を表現するときには、「おおよその見当/見方/考え方」という表現を良く使いますが、「およその見当/見方/考え方」とは余り言わないように思います。\n\n（３）頻度\n\n「およそ」が圧倒的に「おおよそ」より使われます。\nこの2つの内、「おおよそ」が本来の表現であるとすると、いつの間にかあとから生まれた「およそ」の方が多く使われるようになったのは、世の中が忙しくなったからでしょうか。「おおよそ」は発音すると分かりますが「およそ」よりゆったりとしています。\n\n（４）忙しい人に向いた表現\n\n「およそ」は「おおよそ」より忙しい人に向いているかどうかは知りませんが、せっかちな江戸っ子が啖呵｛たんか｝を切って「およそ」という表現を使います。\nここでは「おおよそ」とは言いません。\n\n「およそ何かい。お前さんが最初に言ったんだって？」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T08:03:10.470",
"id": "60287",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "60213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60213
|
60287
|
60287
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> １浪でおよそ20％台の合格率で、2浪以上ではおおよそ2～3％台 **と**\n> かなり低迷しています。([source](https://allabout.co.jp/gm/gc/67786/))",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T22:12:34.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60215",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T22:12:34.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of the particle と in this sentence?",
"view_count": 39
}
|
[] |
60215
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60222",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the meaning of 終末 in 終末の微笑?\n\nI know 微笑 means smile, but would 終末の translate to \"The final\", \"The last\" etc.\nWould you be able to say 最後 in 最後の微笑 and it would have the same meaning?\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T22:37:59.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60216",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T06:27:22.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 終末 in 終末の微笑",
"view_count": 256
}
|
[
{
"body": "In general, 終末 is a \"heavy\" word that usually refers to the end of the world,\nthe apocalypse, the termination of someone's life, the finale of a saga, and\nso on. Judging from the _context_ you provided, this 終末 refers to the\ntermination of a girl's life. It's simply \"The Last Smile\" in English anyway,\nbut 最後の微笑 may make the title look lighter.\n\n(\"It's the title of a song and these are the lyrics\" is a huge context! If you\nwant a good answer that is any better than a dictionary definition, please\nalways add how the word or phrase is used.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T06:27:22.947",
"id": "60222",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60216",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60216
|
60222
|
60222
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60218",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading NHK NEWS WEB EASY and came across the word \"被害\". When I\nencounter a new word, I try to break it down and understand each part.\n\nAnd then it looked to me like 被害 and 害 have the same meaning, at first.\nWiktionary says that 被 is a prefix that marks the passive recipient of an\naction.\n\nSo, 被害 would be something like \"passive injury\"? And 害 would be just \"injury\"?\nDoes \"passive\" just mean \"the recipient didn't do anything to have the event\nhappen to them\"?\n\nDo people just use the word 害 alone when they don't want to specify if it's\npassive or not?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T23:14:01.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60217",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T23:34:57.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30666",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "被害 vs 害; 被害者 vs 害者",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "害 and 被害 are usually not interchangeable. 害 just means \"harm\", whereas 被害\nspecifically refers to accidental damage **someone took** due to a crime,\ntraffic accident, natural disaster or such. If you want to understand 被害\nliterally, it would be something like \"received harm\" or \"taken damage\". (Note\nthat \"passive\" is one of the [many meanings of\n被](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%A2%AB%20%23kanji).) For example you can say\nこの番組には害がある (\"This TV program is harmful\"), but not この番組には被害がある.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T23:34:57.130",
"id": "60218",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-18T23:34:57.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60217",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
60217
|
60218
|
60218
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading an article at Tomojuku.\n[Link](http://www.tomojuku.com/blog/tekuruteiku4/)\n\nAt the very end of the article, it says,\n\n> ではでは ニゴでした。\n\nWhat does ニゴでした mean ? I searched online but I couldn't find anything about\nthis.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T03:01:49.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60219",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T03:10:27.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does 「ニゴでした」mean?",
"view_count": 194
}
|
[
{
"body": "That is because the teachers's name is 仁子{にご} 真裕美{まゆみ}.\n\n> 「(Name) + でした。」\n\nis a common ending greeting for online writings, radio programs, etc.\n\n仁子's profile is here:\n\n<http://www.tomojuku.com/blog/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T03:10:27.123",
"id": "60220",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T03:10:27.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60219",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60219
| null |
60220
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60223",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "my question is , what does `超え` in\n`人の理を超えその身を保ち生き永らえながら…その全てを搾取支配人を弄ぶことに費やして…何を為そうとした'` mean ?\n\nIs it a form of `越える`? If yes, what form is it (you know, like\n`～て`、`～た`、`～しょう`... etc)? I haven't stumbled across an ending like that yet.\n\nWould appreciate your help :)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T06:11:53.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60221",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T09:16:40.927",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-19T08:59:49.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "What form is 超え in 人の理を超え…?",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "> What form is it?\n\n超え is a form of the ichidan/vowel-stem verb 超える (\"to go beyond\", \"to exceed\",\n\"to transcend\"). This form is variously called stem, verb-stem, masu-stem,\npre-masu form,\n[i-form](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation#i_form),\ncontinuative from, conjunctive form, combining form or 連用形, depending on the\ntextbook you're using. This form can join two clauses like te-form, and it's\ngenerally more literary and stiff.\n\nSee:\n\n * [て versus combining-form for joining clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23789/5010)\n * [Why this verb isn't in the dictionary form?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48667/5010)\n\nSo 人の[理【ことわり】](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%90%86%E3%82%8A)を超え means \"exceeding\n(the boundary of) how human beings should be (and ...)\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T06:46:37.083",
"id": "60223",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T09:16:40.927",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-19T09:16:40.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60221",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60221
|
60223
|
60223
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it ok to still say はじめまして to a Japanese person when you have been talking\nonline prior to meeting face to face? Or would that be weird?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T09:08:53.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60224",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T13:49:25.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30670",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"greetings"
],
"title": "Online versus face to face",
"view_count": 60
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's proper for sure. I have done that many times and still have Japanese\nfriends.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T09:56:53.237",
"id": "60226",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T13:49:25.740",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-19T13:49:25.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "30672",
"parent_id": "60224",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60224
| null |
60226
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**連携** アカウント と **接続** されたアカウントの違いは何でしょうか。教えてください！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T09:17:01.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60225",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-20T10:04:40.510",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-19T10:05:11.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "30671",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "連携と接続の違いは何でしょうか。",
"view_count": 1161
}
|
[
{
"body": "もし何かのアプリを使っている時に、そのサービスのアカウントと他のサービスのアカウントを結び付けて機能を共有する仕組みのことを指しているのであれば、その二つは同じ意味です。他にも\n**リンク** とか **同期** とか **関連づけ** とか **ひもづけ** とか **バインド** とかアプリによって違う言い方をします。\n\nそれぞれの言葉の意味で言えば、 **連携** とは語源的には「手をつなぐ」という意味で、手を取りあって（＝協力して）同じことをする時に使います。英語で言えば\n_collaborat(e/ion)_ や _cooperat(e/ion)_ にあたります。 **接続**\nはあるものに別のものを取り付けて通じあうようにすることで、英語で言えば _connect(ion)_ や _joint_ 、 _dock(ing)_\nにあたります。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T16:14:10.563",
"id": "60231",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T16:14:10.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "60225",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60225
| null |
60231
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60232",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can a newcomer to an area or a new employee be referred to as a gaijin? They\nare an outsider initially, when they arrive to a new area or job.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T15:50:08.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60230",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T16:32:27.727",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-19T16:04:31.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Can a newcomer to an area or a new employee be referred to as a gaijin?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "no, the \"outsider\" terminology used in Japan is entirely about nationality,\nnever about \"outside the company\". People newly hired to a job or newly part\nof some group are called 新人, literally \"new guy\" or \"newbie\". Another common\nword used to describe such people is the adjective, 青い, which is used because\nit is meant to represent that the person is \"unripe\" or inexperienced. It can\nbe meant pejoratively, or simply protectively, depending on context.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T16:32:27.727",
"id": "60232",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T16:32:27.727",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60230",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60230
|
60232
|
60232
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60237",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Abemaの麻雀チャンネルを見ていたら、人のコメントの一部または全部をコピーして、最後に「は草」を付けて送信する人がいました。\n\n例えば、コメント欄がとても盛り上がっていた時に「コメント読みてえのに多すぎて読めねえんだよ だから各自で控えろ」というコメントがありました。\n\nこれに対して\n\n> コメントを控えろは草\n\nと送ってきました。\n\nこのようなことをいろんなコメントでずっと繰り返していました。これはただの荒らしかもしれないけど、何か意味があるなら知りたいです。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T17:58:28.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60234",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T14:56:31.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "「○○は草」とはどういう意味でしょうか？",
"view_count": 3016
}
|
[
{
"body": "草 is Internet slang that means \"laugh\", \"laughable\", and 「笑える」,「うける」,「面白い」 in\nJapanese.\n\n\"w\" is Internet slang that means \"laugh\", \"laughable\". People use it like\n\"wwwwwwww\" when they want to emphasize \"w\", and \"wwwwwwww\" looks like grass\ngrowing. So 草 came to mean \"laugh\", \"laughable\" as Internet slang.\n\nSource:<https://kw-note.com/internet-slang/kusa/>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T18:18:33.587",
"id": "60237",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T23:29:05.413",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-19T23:29:05.413",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "60234",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "草は、インターネットスラングで笑うの意味である\"w\"の見た目から来ています。www←これが草のように見えるため。 つまり、(笑)と同義です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T14:56:31.303",
"id": "65074",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T14:56:31.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32705",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60234
|
60237
|
60237
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60245",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 朝の時間が、思考にとって黄金の時間 **であるのも** 、頭の工場の中がよく整頓されて、動きやすくなっているからにほかならない。\n\n外山さんの「思考の整理学」から。\n\nタイトルの通りに、ここの「であるのも」は「であるし」のかたい言い方ですか？後、この「であるのも」の「の」は説明する意味ですか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T18:14:24.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60236",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30549",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「。。。であるのも」は「であるし」の意味ですか？",
"view_count": 939
}
|
[
{
"body": "その「の」は、 nominalizer です。「朝の時間が思考にとって黄金の時間である」を名詞句の形に変えて、主語として使えるようにしています。\n\nわかりやすくするために、埋め込まれた文にカッコを補うと、\n\n> 『朝の時間が、思考にとって黄金の時間である』のも、『頭の工場の中がよく整頓されて、動きやすくなっている』からにほかならない。\n\n全体の文は、\n\n> ［文A］のも、［文B］からにほかならない。\n\nという形で、\n\n> ［文A］のは(も)、まさに［文B］からだ。 \n> \"The reason for [Sentence A] is nothing other than [Sentence B].\" \n> \"It is only because [Sentence B] that [Sentence A].\"\n\nというような意味です。少し補って、\n\n> 『朝の時間が思考にとって黄金の時間である』というのも、まさに『頭の工場の中がよく整頓されて動きやすくなっている』｛からです。/ ということが理由です。｝\n\nのように言い換えることもできます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T00:45:17.197",
"id": "60245",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60244",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "# 日本語\n\n文法教材で見たこの文\n\n> 「あなたには感謝こそすれ、 **恨んでなど** いません」\n\nの後半の意味と使い方がよくわかりません。\n\n教科書によると、「恨んでなどいません」は I have no ill feelings と翻訳されます。\n\nそれは「恨んでいることなどがない」という意味ですか？ここの恨んでは名詞ですか？でも、そうではないと思います。名詞だったら、など **ありません**\nになると推測します。\n\n「食べてなどいません」や「悔やんでなどいません」とかは使われていますか？\n\n# English\n\nQuestion: 恨んでなどいません What is the meaning of this phrase, how to use the など\nparticle?\n\nSo I stumbled upon this phrase from a Grammar book\n\n> 「あなたには感謝こそすれ、 **恨んでなど** いません」\n\nand I don't understand the latter part of the sentence. The provided English\ntranslation says that it means 'Despite what happened, I appreciate your\nkindness and I have no ill feelings.'\n\nNow, I was confused whether 恨んでなどいません means 恨んでいることはない. And I misunderstood\nthat 恨んで might be a noun, which leads to the next question that if it is a\nnoun, then why shouldn't it be 恨んでなどありません (No such things like 恨んで).\n\nAlso, do we use 食べてなどいません and such?",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-19T19:07:30.633",
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"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-など"
],
"title": "「恨んでなどいません」についての文法",
"view_count": 630
}
|
[
{
"body": "Sorry for the reply in English.\n\nYou can think of this phrase as an emphasized version of `悩んでいません`. More often\nyou might see `は` inserted in the middle, like 悩んで **は** いません.\n\nSo the overall meaning is something like \"I am not worried _at all_ \" or, more\nliterally, \"I do not do things **such as** worrying\" (about whatever happened,\nI assume).\n\nSee also [What does the \"〜やしない\" conjugation\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1500/what-does-\nthe-%E3%82%84%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-conjugation-mean) about a similar\nconstruct.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-19T19:54:41.643",
"id": "60240",
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"body": "明鏡国語辞典を引用しますと、その「など」は、\n\n> など〘副助詞〙 \n> ❸ 軽んじる気持ちをこめて取り上げる。 \n> ㋐ 《否定的な表現を伴って》取るに足りないものとして取り上げて否定の意を強める。「あなた **など** には分からない」「表彰 **など**\n> 受けたくもない」「あいつに **など** 負けるものか」「泣いて **など** いられない」\n\nという意味で使われています。\n\n「恨んでいません」「泣いていられない」「食べていません」「悔やんでいない」などの、「恨む」「泣く」「食べる」等の行為を[取]{と}るに[足]{た}りないものとして[軽]{かろ}んじる気持ちを[込]{こ}めながら、否定の意味を強めて「[恨]{うら}んで\n**など** いません」「泣いて **など** いられない」「食べて **など** いません 」「[悔]{く}やんで **など**\nいない」のように使います。「恨んでなんかいません」「泣いてなんかいられない」「悔やんでなんかいない」などとだいたい同じ意味になります。\n\nこれらの「恨んで」「食べて」「悔やんで」は名詞ではありません。「恨んでいません」「悔やんでいない」などの打消しに、「など」が挿入されている形です。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-19T23:54:07.687",
"id": "60244",
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"body": "Is a babies age determined by date of conception or date of birth? What is the\nterm used for determining the age? A Japanese friend told me that a pregnancy\nis 10 months. I have always used tanjoubi to mean a person's birthday, but is\nage actually determined by date of conception? Is a baby considered to be\nzerosai/marusai/reisai at birth, or older?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T19:13:27.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60239",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-19T22:04:26.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words",
"culture",
"counters"
],
"title": "What is the term used for a baby's age at birth?",
"view_count": 1599
}
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{
"body": "In the past, Japanese ages used to be counted similarly to Korean ages, as\najsmart's comment talks about, but Japanese ages have been \"westernized\" for a\nlong time now.\n\nMy Japanese friends who have started families always refer to their children's\nage from birth. I have heard newborn babies' ages described as [０歳]{ゼロさい}\n\"zerosai\", and also [１ヶ月]{いっかげつ} \"ikkagetsu\", and so on for months,\n[１週]{いっしゅう} \"isshuu\", and so on for number of weeks, and if you want to\nspecify down to the day for some reason, you add …と[１日]{いちにち} \"to ichinichi\"\netc for days.\n\nSo a baby that is 3 months old would be [３ヶ月]{さんかげつ} \"sankagetsu\".\n\nA baby that you want to describe as (for some strange reason) 2 years, 4\nmonths and 5 days old would be [２歳]{にさい}[４ヶ月]{よんかげつ}と[５日]{いつか} \"ni sai,\nyonkagetsu to itsuka\".",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-19T23:39:48.760",
"id": "60243",
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|
60243
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "62458",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I lived in Japan for some time and can communicate quite well. However,\nsometimes there are some constructs in Japanese which I know but can't explain\nwith grammatical rules.\n\n最終 + noun is one of them. For example the last entry time to a restaurant\ncould be 最終入館：２２時.\n\nGrammatically thinking it should be 最終の入館, but I've never heard that. Is there\na reason why the の is not present in these constructs or is there just some\nirregular thing going on that you have to know?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-19T21:40:06.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60242",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-19T21:48:01.260",
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"owner_user_id": "16026",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Grammatical Correctness of 最終+noun",
"view_count": 357
}
|
[
{
"body": "最終 is not a noun but a ~~suffix~~ prefix unless it means an abbreviation of\n最終列車 (the last train). So, it doesn't need の.\n\nAccording to [this\ndictionary](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82-507721#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88),\nit shows an example in which it's used as a noun. So, I correct my idea. I\nhaven't seen it used that way, though I'm Japanese. I'm sorry. I have to\nanswer it as \"最終 is usually a suffix, rather than a noun\".",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T05:43:02.773",
"id": "60248",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-19T14:09:34.713",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-19T14:09:34.713",
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "Basically [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/48792/31243) from\n[Dim](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/19441/dim), if you like this\nanswer go upvote where it counts please.\n\nBottom line is 最終 is not used as a noun, but as an adjective (I'd say 連体詞,\n_rentaishi_ , same as e.g. 大きな, but I can't guarantee it). Jisho.org just\nmight be wrong (actually JMdict from which it takes the data).\n\n最後 is used as a noun or a の-adjective. (e.g. 列の最後, 最後の晩餐).\n\n最終 is used as an adjective right before noun. (e.g. 最終列車, 最終的)\n\nWhen they are adjectives, they are usually interchangeable, e.g. 最後のバス is\ninterchangeable with 最終バス. Again notice the の with 最後 and the lack thereof\nwith 最終.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-12T15:42:33.690",
"id": "61466",
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"body": "The book _A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar_ by Makino & Tsutsui\nhas a section on \"Newspaper Grammar\" that states:\n\n\"Japanese newspapers use certain sentence forms, phrases, and words which are\nnot common in other writing\"\n\nOne of the forms that it lists is \"Ellipsis of _no_ [: ] The noun contractor\n_no_ is often dropped in long noun compounds (particularly, in those that\ncontain more than one _no_ ) \"\n\nThat's probably the best way to understand a phrase like 最終入館: as a noun\ncompound 最終の入館 where the の has been omitted for the sake of brevity.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T23:02:14.030",
"id": "61644",
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{
"body": "最終入館 is the short form of 最終入館時刻。\n\nGrammatically, 最終入館(時刻) is considered as a single noun, which is why you don’t\nhave to say 最終の入館時刻(最終-noun, に-particle, 入館時刻-noun).\n\nIn English, there are a few cases that a noun works as an adjective. Example;\nrabbit hatch / cat food / tennis racket\n\nSimilarly, 最終(noun) works like an adjective that qualifies 入館時刻(noun).\nHowever, gramatically, we don’t consider 最終 as a single adjective. 最終入館(時刻) is\nseen as a single noun instead.\n\n最終の入館 literally sounds like \"entry of the last\" and a bit awkward whereas 最終入館\nis the same as \"the last entry\", which sounds pretty natural.\n\nWhen you see a sign board which says \" last entry : 8pm\", doesn’t that make\nsense to you? (Although it should be written as \"the last entry time : 8pm\").\nIt’s like the same kind of thing in Japanese.\n\nThose words are collocations, and there is no certain rule to see when to\neliminate の, which connects two nouns. In English, \"chocolate bar” would never\ncalled \"a bar of chocolate\" even though there’s no grammatical explanation for\nit. In Japanese, 最終入館 is one of the same cases.\n\n-Examples of collocations that eliminate \"の\"\n\n 1. 起床時刻{きしょうじこく} 、就寝時刻{しゅうしんじこく} (time to wake up/sleep)\n\n 2. 友達関係 {ともだちかんけい} (relationships with friends)\n\n 3. 勉強時間 {べんきょうじかん} (hours of study)\n\nNot always, but 〜関係、〜時間 、〜期間、〜確率 are mostly the case that eliminates の.",
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"creation_date": "2018-10-27T11:00:56.907",
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62458
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60247",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is what I think the translation of **Bavarian Bierkeller** :\n\n> 1. **Bavarian** => **Bayerische** (German) = Of or relating to or\n> characteristic of Bavaria or its people.\n>\n> **`バイエルン`** (translated from German - **_Bayerische_** ) - Example:\n> **Bavarian State Library** = **`バイエルン州立図書館`**.\n> **[Source](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8)**\n\nor **`ババリア（人）の` ...** (translated from English, I suppose) - **`ババロア / ババリアの /\nババリア人の`**\n\n> 2. **Bierkeller** => **bier** + **keller** ( _German_ ) => beer cellar (\n> _English_ )\n>\n\n>\n> **`ビアケラー(パブ/バー)` ** (literal translation and 'more **foreign** feeling').\n\nIs it okay if I use pub here because in **[Oxford\nDictonary](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bierkeller)** ,\n**bierkeller** means a bar or pub in Austria or Germany, especially in a\nbasement.\n\nOr should I use the _Japanese_ version, **酒場** or **飲み屋** (\n**[source](https://jisho.org/search/pub)** ):\n\n```\n\n ビアケラー(酒場/飲み屋)\n \n```\n\n## **Conclusion of`Bavarian Bierkeller` translation:**\n\nVariants:\n\n1.> **`バイエルンビアケラーパブ`**\n\n2.> **ババリア(の) ビアケラーパブ`**\n\n3.> **ババロアビアケラー酒場'**\n\n4.> **ババロアビアケラー飲み屋'**\n\n5.> **バイエルンビアケラー酒場'**\n\n6.> **バイエルンビアケラー飲み屋'**\n\n**Questions related as follows:**\n\n> 1.Should I use the **katakana** from _German_ or _English_ or use the\n> Japanese equivalent for faithful translation, or can I use both?\n>\n> 2.Is there any **guide** intended for faithful translation from various\n> languages adapted into Japanese language and vice versa (especially English)\n> that can be used for legal or official document translation in Japan? How do\n> you know which is which?\n>\n> 3.Which of the six do you think is the best translation that fits naturally\n> into the sentence provided?\n\n**[Source 01](https://jisho.org/word/518697a5d5dda7b2c604c0af)**\n\nThe sentence context in question:\n\n> The **Bavarian Bierkeller** , the best German beers served in two pint\n> steins, all brought ice cold to your table by waitresses in classic\n> **Bavarian** dress.\n\nThank you very much!\n\n本当にありがとうございます。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-20T03:15:45.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60246",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana",
"phrase-requests",
"nouns",
"formality"
],
"title": "How do you translate \"Bavarian Bierkeller\" into natural Japanese rendition? (and more)",
"view_count": 147
}
|
[
{
"body": "If I were the owner of such a pub, I would go with バイエルン・ビアケラー.\n\n * ビアケラー酒場 and such is obviously tautological, and it sounds to me like a place where drink called ビアケラー is served. If the name ends with ビアケラー, people can guess it has something to do with beer, anyway. Actually there are some pubs named as ～ビアケラー in Japan. Alternatively, if you really need to be explicit about the fact that it's a pub, just give up using ビアケラー and use ビール酒場, ビアホール, ジャーマンパブ or such.\n * Japanese people recognize that German state as バイエルン, not ババリア. So let's forget the \"English\" name. ババリアン is unsafe because it's very unfamiliar and sounds too close to \"barbarian\". (As you may know, the Japanese sound system does not distinguish [v] and [b] sounds).\n * ババロア is also unsafe because it [specifically refers to Bavarian cream](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%90%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A2). People would definitely mistake your pub as a sweets shop.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T04:40:23.163",
"id": "60247",
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60246
|
60247
|
60247
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{
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"body": "I learnt that a word like 花 (はな) is of pitch pattern (2), i.e. with a drop\nafter the last mora in case it is followed by a particle. Yet, when I hear\npeople use a word like this is combination with the -を particle, it sounds to\nme like it is of pitch pattern (0), i.e. with no drop at all (accentless).\nTake, for instance, the sentence 花を買いました, where I cannot detect a drop.\n\nMy ear is not very trained in that sense, so I might be mistaken; but I have\nheard a lot of similar sentences in which I cannot detect a drop.\n\nCan somebody confirm/refute my hunch? Even better, does anybody know the\ngeneral rule (assuming there is one) in relation to the -を particle, and\nperhaps even related to other very common particles, such as -が, -は and -に?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T08:49:36.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60249",
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"owner_user_id": "30417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"particle-を",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Pitch accent in combination with the を particle",
"view_count": 805
}
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[
{
"body": "You would need to provide an actual audio file for a concrete answer, but it's\npossibly what you are observing is something called 語尾上げ{ごびあげ}. Namely, in\ncasual speech and non-professional readings, non-trained native speakers will\noften raise the end of an accent phrase, as intonation to indicate it leads to\nsomething else which they are still thinking about and will say after a pause.\n\nIf the accented mora comes earlier in the phrase, then these things can\ncoincide, like かれは{HLH} or か＼れは⤴ (an alternate notation where ＼ indicates the\ndownstep and ⤴ indicates the 語尾上げ).\n\nHowever, if the accented mora comes directly before the particle, then 語尾上げ\ncan result in the accent getting lost. AKA はな＼は⤴ gets realized as はなは{LHH}.\n\nNon-trained native speakers will often get confused if you start asking about\nthis, because in their heads they are saying the accented word, but it simply\nis just not getting realized phonetically. And sometimes, even speakers who do\nit themselves will hear others do it and think it's incorrect when asked if\nit's the right accent for the word. It's sort of a subconscious process.\n\nAnyways, it is most likely best to try and avoid intentionally doing this in\nyour own speech but understand that it happens frequently.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-01-26T22:15:39.793",
"id": "93159",
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"parent_id": "60249",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60249
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93159
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In English when we have sentences like\n\n> I ate an apple, pear and orange\n\nwe use a comma to separate the words in a list instead of constantly using\n\"and\".\n\nDoes one use commas in Japanese in a similar way or does one keep saying (the\nequivalent of) \"and\" after every word?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T09:39:59.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60251",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T11:08:05.090",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-20T11:08:05.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjunctions",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Do Japanese use commas or \"and\"?",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[] |
60251
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60256",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I see banana be written バナナ so since it's katakana I guess they imported it\nfrom English or Spanish where it's written the same.\n\n**But does Japanese have an original word for bananas?**\n\nI guess that if bananas didn't exist in Japan before fluid contact with the\nwestern world there isn't an original word, but is this so? I've read on the\nInternet that Japan produces a small fraction of the bananas it consumes, so\nbananas could have always existed in Japan I suppose?",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T13:09:46.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60252",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-21T20:21:22.693",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-21T20:21:22.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "3073",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 17,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Does Japanese have an original word for banana besides the loanword バナナ?",
"view_count": 9878
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are three words that are the 和名 (Japanese, not katakana word) for\nBanana. In conversation, I've never heard anybody say anything but バナナ, but\napparently 甘蕉{かんしょう}、実芭蕉 {みばしょう} and 芭蕉実{ばしょうみ} also bean banana. I put all\nthree of these words into a 国語辞典 and each time the definition was バナナ.\n\nsource:\n\n<http://www.tfk-corp.co.jp/food-health/food05-banana.htm> Second paragraph：\nバナナとは",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T14:53:58.457",
"id": "60255",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T14:53:58.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "60252",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "The most important older word is **_bashō_** , 芭蕉. It comes from Chinese, and\nthe first known occurrence of the word in Japanese materials is from ca. 706,\nin the _Nara Ibun_ historical records.\n\nBananas are native to the Eastern tropical areas spanning India, Southeast\nAsia and Australia. However, wild species don't make good edible fruit; they\nhad to be domesticated, and that happened in Papua New Guinea. Meanwhile, non-\nedible varieties were prized as an ornamental plant in ancient China. The\nplant was introduced from China into ancient Japan for this purpose; edible\nbananas only came in much later.\n\nBananas have various names in Chinese, and one of them was 芭蕉 _bājiāo_ , which\nentered Japanese along with the plant (and is now pronounced _bashō_ ). The\n_-jiāo_ 蕉 part is a suffix for broadleaf plants in general. I don’t know\nwhat’s the etymology of the _bā-_ 芭 part (any help welcome!), but it has the\ngeneral look and feel of Chinese loanwords to me; it wouldn't surprise me if\nit came from the name of the plant in some other Asian language.\n\nThe most famous Japanese _haiku_ poet is Matsuo Bashō; this is actually his\npen-name, derived from a banana plant he had outside of his quasi-hermit's\nhut.\n\nOther Chinese names which entered Japanese, but are less common, include 甘蕉\n_gānjiāo_ (jp. _kanshō_ ), “sweet broadleaf”, dated 1712 in Japan; and 香蕉\n_xiāngjiāo_ (jp. _kōshō_ ), \"fragrant broadleaf\".\n\nAn uncommon, native Japanese word for it is _Niwa-mi-gusa_ , which the _Kokugo\nDaijiten_ dictionary glosses as 庭忌草 garden-funeral-herb. Apparently there was\na Chinese folk belief that planting one in your garden would bring bad luck,\nand this was transmitted to Japan. Banana plants of the kind brought to Japan\nflower very rarely, and this fact was seen with some mystique; from which the\nplant was also called 優曇華 _udonge_ – the Japanese pronunciation of\n[uḍumbara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udumbara_\\(Buddhism\\)), a kind of fig\nwhich, according to Buddhist legend, blossoms only once every 3000 years.\n\nSources: Japanese Wikipedia, _Kokugo Daijiten_ , Pleco Chinese dictionary.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T15:06:06.227",
"id": "60256",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T15:17:45.680",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-20T15:17:45.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "622",
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "60252",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 29
}
] |
60252
|
60256
|
60256
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60254",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When people shop they bring their own bags/totes and reuse them. They are\ndurable and come in many different varieties.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T14:34:13.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60253",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T14:42:08.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What are the durable shopping bags called?",
"view_count": 60
}
|
[
{
"body": "Those are mostly called:\n\n・買{か}い物袋{ものぶくろ}\n\n・エコバッグ\n\n・レジかごバッグ\n\nThe last one comes in the specific size that is as large as the baskets used\nin supermarkets.\n\nThe first two come in all different sizes and shapes.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T14:42:08.637",
"id": "60254",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T14:42:08.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60253",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60253
|
60254
|
60254
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60268",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a Grammar book, they are introducing the 使役受身形 with the example, 感心させられる\nBut they also classified this sentence\n\n> 隣の家の騒音に悩まされている\n\nin this grammar structure too. But my Jisho told me that 悩まされる is the 受身 form\nof 悩ます。\n\nSo, is 「悩まされている 」a 使役受身形? If not, why would they classified it in the same\ngroup of させられる？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T15:49:45.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60257",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-21T01:42:34.187",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-21T01:42:34.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "30549",
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice",
"causation"
],
"title": "Is 「悩まされている 」a 使役受身形",
"view_count": 655
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is something called \"shortened causative form\" in Japanese. For example\nyou can say 走らす instead of 走らせる. See [Tae Kim's guide on this\ntopic](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass).\n\nAlthough the article says the shortened causative form is rare and slangy,\nit's not rare nor rough when godan verb's causative-passive form is\nconcerened. To my ears, the shortened causative-passive form ( _-asareru_ )\nsounds considerably more common and natural than the \"standard\" causative-\npassive ( _-aserareru_ ), even in formal writings.\n\n * 書かされる is more natural than 書かせられる\n * 笑わされる is more natural than 笑わせられる\n * 悩まされる is more natural than 悩ませられる\n\n(I think this does not apply for shortened causative of ichidan verbs and\ngodan verbs with su-ending; 食べさされる and 話さされる are ungrammatical)\n\nSome shortened (non-passive) causative forms are widely used without sounding\nrough/slangy (eg 頭を悩ます問題, 犯人を泳がす, 醤油を切らす), and dictionaries often list them as\nseparate transitive godan verbs. In Japanese, the borderline of \"the\ncausative-form of an intransitive verb\" and \"a transitive verb\" can be\nsometimes blurry. Nevertheless, I think it's not wrong to say 悩まされている is\ncausative-passive(-progressive).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T00:18:30.890",
"id": "60268",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-21T01:04:13.990",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-21T01:04:13.990",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60257",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60257
|
60268
|
60268
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is the full sentence:\n\nおかしいけど、中国人を理解するのは難しい。私は日本人を理解する方が簡単だ。\n\nI think I was expecting something like です or よ.\n\nI'm really confused about this だ.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T15:51:11.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60258",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T18:47:15.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22787",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Why is だ being used at the end of the following sentence?",
"view_count": 242
}
|
[
{
"body": "だ is the informal version of です. 簡単だ has the exact same meaning as 簡単です, but\nthe former is less formal.\n\nFor example, 私は猫が好き **です** よ has the same meaning as 私は猫が好き **だ** よ. But you\nwould use です when talking to your 目上 (someone of higher social status) or in a\nformal situation, where you would use だ when talking to your friends",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T18:47:15.883",
"id": "60264",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T18:47:15.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "60258",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60258
| null |
60264
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60260",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a term that I can use to say that the food was not agreeable when I\nate it. It didn't make me feel good.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T16:08:08.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60259",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-17T09:29:06.213",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-12T13:08:45.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How would I say that the food I ate \"didn't agree with me\"?",
"view_count": 1578
}
|
[
{
"body": "By far the most-often used verb would be 「合{あ}う」. Its negative form is 「合わない」.\n\nWe often say things like:\n\n * 「そのラーメンは私には合わなかった。」\n\nExpresses general dislike without specifying the reasons. Just sounds \"nicer\"\nthan saying it was terrible. It can imply that others might like it though you\ndid not yourself.\n\n * 「そのラーメンは私のお腹{なか}には合わなかった。」\n\nIngredients were tough on your stomach. You got \"sick\" from eating it. This\nphrase says nothing about how the food tasted to you. You may have even liked\nit while eating it.\n\n * 「そのラーメンは私の舌{した}には合わなかった。」\n\nDid not like the taste (but it did not make you feel sick). 舌 means \"tongue\".\n「舌」 can be replaced by 「口」 and the meaning stays the same.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T16:25:23.390",
"id": "60260",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-17T09:29:06.213",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60259",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 24
}
] |
60259
|
60260
|
60260
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60266",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example the term 人, is the preference for reading it hito or jin? There\nare no other characters associated with it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T17:24:05.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60261",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T21:16:48.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the preference if reading a single Kanji?",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "Most of the time when a kanji is own its own, you use its 訓読み, in this case\nひと。\n\n女 on its own is おんな\n\n男 on its own is おとこ\n\n新 on its own is あらた etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T21:16:48.903",
"id": "60266",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T21:16:48.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "60261",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60261
|
60266
|
60266
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60267",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "ねぇ、ちょっと寄ってかない？ I came across this banner in a chat room. Would か need to be\nadded if its a question? I understand the phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T18:13:53.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60262",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T23:40:18.313",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-20T22:16:53.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Is the phrase ねぇ、ちょっと寄ってかない？ written incorrectly?",
"view_count": 192
}
|
[
{
"body": "In casual speech, the か is can be omitted. If you raise the pitch on the last\nsyllable (like you would in English) the phrase is understood to be a\nquestion. In casual writing (like texting, or in this case a chat room), you\ncan't add pitch, so punctuation serves to mark it as a question.\n\n> 寄ってこない{LLLLHH}？ (Red bar indicates pitch, not emphasis)\n>\n> この本を読んだことある｛LLLLLHH｝？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T18:41:24.077",
"id": "60263",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T18:41:24.077",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "60262",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "This か is **normally** omitted.\n\nAs you know, か after a polite marker (です/ます) is very common (～ですか? / ～ますか? /\n～ませんか?). However, in casual speech, か is rarely used, and people use rising\nintonation instead.\n\n * 食べる？(↗) Wanna eat?\n * 食べない？(↗) Don't wanna eat? / Why don't we eat?\n\nActually, adding か here makes the sentence sound fairly **masculine and\nblunt**.\n\n * 食べるか？ (masculine and blunt)\n * 食べないか？ (masculine and blunt)\n\nFor example, you may see this form used by a stereotyped stubborn father in\nfiction. In reality, I would say speakers of standard Japanese almost never\nspeak like this. (Um, maybe male pet owners may speak like this to their cats\nor dogs...)\n\nPresumably this \"ねぇ、ちょっと寄ってかない？\" is said by a woman (this phrase is known as a\n[Japanese _hosutesu_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_and_hostess_clubs)'s\nclassic way of touting), so there should **not** be か at the end.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-20T23:40:18.313",
"id": "60267",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-20T23:40:18.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60262",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60262
|
60267
|
60267
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am teaching a class at church on the importance of having an accountability\npartner to check on our goals, growth, and see whether or not we are\nfulfilling our plans. Originally, I found that 責任パートナー could be a translation\nfor accountability, but then my students seemed to be very confused. What\nwould be the easiest way to express the ideas of \"accountability partner\" and\n\"accountability meeting\" in Japanese? Thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T08:09:46.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60271",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T16:33:47.290",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-24T04:43:23.057",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "21755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the best way to express the concept of \"accountability\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 724
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm not a big fan of Katakana, but sometimes the best way to express an idea\nthat originally came from a non-Japanese word is to just use it. 説明責任パートナー and\n説明責任ミーティング just don't cut it. アカウンタビリティパートナー is used in dozens of Japanese\nwebsites relating to Bible studies.アカウンタビリティミーティング doesn't appear as many\ntimes though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T06:09:11.920",
"id": "60346",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T06:09:11.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "60271",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "**This probably needs to be regarded as a comment since the it is largely the\nresult of years of thinking about this issue. I posted it in hopes that\nsomeone gets something out of it.**\n\nI've always struggled with expressing the word accountability in Japanese too.\nSince it's usually translated as 説明責任, I felt it didn't fit in many of the\nsituations where I wanted to use the English word accountability.\n\nFirst, I must explain that in the process of searching for a good way to\nexpress the concept of accountability, I have come to the conclusion that\nthere are **different kinds** of accountability, so different words should be\nused in Japanese for each until the various concepts are encompassed in one\nterm, which may or may not happen at all.\n\nAccording to many dictionaries, accountability is 説明責任. There are plenty of\nexamples where this does fit. When people talk about someone who **has to give\nan account (usually some combination of who, what, when, where, why, and how)\nof things that have or will happen or a situation where such accountability\narises**. This usage is by far the most common and is often seen in government\nsessions （国会会議録 = 3.34 PMW (1位) in the [NINJAL-\nLWP](http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp/search/)）. It can usually be translated as\naccountability until a phrase like 説明責任を果たせ！ appears where in English we would\ntend to talk about \"fulfilling some specific responsibility\" or \"doing\nsomething because you are accountable.\" (I am aware some people translate that\nas \"Fulfill your accountability,\" but while understandable, that usage is far\ntoo rare to be acceptable. \n[Grounds for this assertion: \n[Ngrams fulfill *\naccountability](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=fulfill%20*%20accountability&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=)\n(includes his, her, your, their, etc. with 0 results) \n[Google Books \"fulfill your\naccountability\"](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22fulfill%20your%20accountability%22&num=20&newwindow=1&source=lnms&tbm=bks&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0iISDq7fcAhUBNrwKHeEoBaEQ_AUIECgB&biw=1782&bih=999)\n(20 hits) \n[Google All \"fulfill your\naccountability\"](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22fulfill%20your%20accountability%22&num=20&newwindow=1&ei=BupWW5jOEYeQ8gWF6L-wBw&start=0&sa=N&filter=0&biw=1782&bih=999)\nnote that there are only 50 actual results (it said \"about 1880 results\"\nbefore telling it to show all results and going to the last page])\n\nThe question at hand is an excellent example of where 説明責任 doesn't work as a\ntranslation of accountability. In Japanese you are literally saying, \n\"[You] have the responsibility to explain (who, what, when, where, why, and/or\nhow)\" \nwhere in English we say \"You _are_ accountable.\" I think this stems from a\nfundamental difference in thinking between the languages (cultures), in this\ncase the difference between \"a person being ～\" vs \"人に～がある.\"\n\nAnother way I have seen accountability expressed is to use 責任 by itself as a\ntranslation of accountable. These example sentences are from 研究社新英和大辞典第6版\n\nHe is accountable to me for what he does. \n彼はその行動について私に対して責任がある。\n\nI hold him accountable for it. \n私はその責任は彼にあると思う。\n\nThis is closer to the kind of accountability we want, but still not quite\nright because of the force of the word 責任 that creates a vertical relationship\nwhen we want more of a mutual relationship.\n\n> It is my belief that there is no word for such a concept. So, I thought\n> about how I would express it in Japanese and I think **報告責任** is as close as\n> I can get. This word doesn't exist as far as I know, so use it at your own\n> risk, but with a little explanation I think it carries the meaning of\n> accountability you want without the requirement of explaining the who, what,\n> when, where, why and how of every action, or the vertical relationship.\n\n外人の分際で新語を造るなどはおこがましいと思いますが、必要な言葉は本当に存在しないと思います。どうかお許しを。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T16:33:47.290",
"id": "60360",
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"score": 2
}
] |
60271
| null |
60360
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I tell someone something and in response I get only \"deshyo?!\" or\n\"deshyo!\", what does this imply? \"I've told you so\", \"That must be so\"?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T11:50:42.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60273",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-20T15:00:23.620",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-21T14:10:33.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "30008",
"owner_user_id": "30704",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"interjections",
"casual"
],
"title": "What does \"deshyo\" alone mean as a response?",
"view_count": 1712
}
|
[
{
"body": "Depending on context, it could mean those things you said, but the simplest\nway to parse deshou is \"right?\" or \"I know, right?\"\n\n(specifically in response to something you've just said, as mentioned in your\nquestion)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T12:07:11.897",
"id": "60274",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29347",
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"score": 3
}
] |
60273
| null |
60274
|
{
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"body": "I found this sentence from a Shinkansenmaster reading textbook.\n\n> 基本語彙の語源は本当は問うてはいけないのかもしれない。\n\nBut てform of 問う is 問って right?\n\nPlease explain why it is used in such way. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T14:33:59.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60277",
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"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "問うてはいけない？why not 問ってはいけない",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[] |
60277
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60280",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My supervisor at work tells me よろしくお願いします after she gives me a task to do in\nthe office. What is the appropriate way to respond? I've looked around on the\ninternet but have been unsuccessful in finding an answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T17:52:08.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-22T03:46:13.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "18189",
"owner_user_id": "20603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"expressions",
"politeness"
],
"title": "How do I respond to よろしくお願いします after being assigned a task at work?",
"view_count": 1858
}
|
[
{
"body": "The most common reply would be:\n\n> 「承知{しょうち}いたしました。」\n\nIn a company with a very informal corporate culture, however, you might\ninstead say:\n\n> 「分{わ}かりました。」\n\nOnly you know how formally or informally your colleagues speak to their\nbosses.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T18:15:46.777",
"id": "60280",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "60278",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
60278
|
60280
|
60280
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60286",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't understand what もいい means in the following sentence:\n\n> 鶏肉は炒めてもいいし、焼いたり、ローストしてもいい。\n\nAny suggestions?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T20:03:00.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60281",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T02:57:32.863",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-21T20:19:12.790",
"last_editor_user_id": "30707",
"owner_user_id": "30707",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"て-form",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What does てもいい mean?",
"view_count": 1194
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's [ても](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82-temo/) + いい rather than て + もいい. ても (or でも)\nmeans \"even though\" or \"even if\". This いい is just \"good\" or \"fine\".\n\nSo ローストしてもいい literally means \"even if you roast, it's good\". Practically you\ncan think of てもいい simply as \"can\". The sentence says you can either stir-fry,\ngrill or roast chicken, and they're all good.\n\nし after いい is used to list two or more clauses. See: [し grammar\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55597/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T02:51:02.810",
"id": "60286",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T02:57:32.863",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-22T02:57:32.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60281",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60281
|
60286
|
60286
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60285",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both mean \"victory\" so I would like to know when is it more convenient to use\n**勝ち** , and when shoud I use **勝利** ?\n\nIs one of them more polite ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T20:37:40.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60282",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T02:38:46.540",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-22T02:36:10.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 勝利 and 勝ち?",
"view_count": 386
}
|
[
{
"body": "The difference is that one of the two is originally Japanese and the other has\nbeen loaned from Chinese. We have a million word pairs like that if you did\nnot know it.\n\n「勝{か}ち」 is an originally Japanese word as I hope you could tell from its\nsounds/reading.\n\n「勝利{しょうり}」 is a Sino-loanword.\n\nThe big rule of thumb is that in such word pairs, the Sino-loanword is usually\nmore formal, technical, academic, etc. than the more intuitive original\nJapanese word. 勝利 vs. 勝ち is no exception. 勝利 sounds more formal than 勝ち.\n\n> Is one of them more polite ?\n\nNo, this has nothing to do with politeness. 「勝利」 simply is a \"bigger\" word\nthan 「勝ち」 just as \"profound\" is a bigger word than \"deep\" for English-\nspeakers.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T02:38:46.540",
"id": "60285",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60282
|
60285
|
60285
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am visiting Japan soon and want to let my host family know that I will be in\nthe area and suggest meeting up while I'm there. Here's what I came up with:\n\n> たぶん一緒に晩ご飯を食べに合うとかしよう？\n\nI'm not sure if this sounds natural or even grammatically correct. Please\nadvise, thank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-21T21:22:41.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60283",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T02:01:11.330",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-22T14:57:33.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30708",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "\"Maybe we can meet up for dinner or something\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 1612
}
|
[
{
"body": "You don't need the word \"たぶん\" which means \"probably\" (Unless you think you\nmight not actually be able to do this based on something that's happening on\nyour end? In which case, more information than just that one word is needed).\n\nIf you want to convey a sense of \"if possible\", then a better word choice is\n出来{でき}れば\n\nOr you could say \"if you have free time\", which is: 時間{じかん}があれば\n\nThe rest seems ok. I'm not sure how emotionally close this family is to you,\nbut if you want to convey a more \"formal/polite/respectful\" suggestion to\nthem, しませんか sounds less \"pushy\" than しよう.\n\nNot that しよう is necessarily bad. It's fine if you have a very close and\nfriendly relationship with them.\n\nAs pointed out in the comments below, instead of 食べに会う (meet to eat), which\nthough understandable is less natural, 食べに行く (go out to eat) is a better, more\nnatural word choice.\n\n> 出来{でき}れば、一緒に晩ご飯を食べに行ったりしませんか？\n>\n> 時間{じかん}があれば一緒に晩ご飯を食べに行ったりしませんか？",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T01:13:58.527",
"id": "60284",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T14:57:11.083",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think a good replacement for \"Maybe\" could be \"いつか\" (someday) and \"or\nsomething\" could be 「～でも」 so the translation:「いつか晩ご飯でも食べに行きましょう。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T01:50:33.477",
"id": "60620",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-02T01:50:33.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18939",
"parent_id": "60283",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
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60283
| null |
60284
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{
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"body": "Is there a good historical/etymological explanation why 大きい and 小さい can take\nthe な ending in attributive position?\n\nAlso, is there a good historic/etymological explanation why 多い in attributive\nuse turns into 多くの-?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T10:56:44.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60288",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-07T01:18:00.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"classical-japanese",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "Is there a good explanation for the forms 大きな, 小さな and 多くの?",
"view_count": 345
}
|
[
{
"body": "I can answer your first question. If you think of it from a grammatical\nperspective,\n\n> 大きい\n\nis used in sentences such as\n\n> 大きいです。(It is large.) or 大きく書きます。(I will write it large.)\n\nthe word 大きい can be used at the end of the sentence or be connected to a verb.\n\nOn the other hand, 大きな can only be used to be connected to a Noun.\n\nThere is another difference that exists. The previous example does not quite\nexplain the difference, so this might help in that perspective. I will use\nthese two sentences to compare.\n\n> 大きい木 (Large Tree) and 大きな木 (Large Tree)\n\nThe Japanese dictionary gives examples of 大きな.\n\n> 大きな政府 (Large Government)\n>\n> 大きな影響を与える (Give a large effect)\n>\n> 大きな意味がある (t has a big meaning.)\n\nIf you look at the 大きい part of the dictionary, you will get:\n\n> 大きい服 (Large clothes)\n>\n> 大きい体 (Large body)\n>\n> 大きい字 (Large words)\n\nIt looks like most Japanese use 大きな with more abstract concepts, and 大きい with\nmore objective or literal concepts.\n\nI could not find much information about the second question, but here is a\ngrammatical explanation, if it helps.\n\n多い and 多くの, is a special case adjective since it cannot be used before the\nnoun it describes. This sentence would not work:\n\n> 多い 人(ひと[people]) が います。\n\nInstead, you can use it after the noun.\n\n> 人が 多い です。\n\nSo if you want to say many+noun in Japanese you use 多くの. 多くの人\n\nI hope this helps. Please tell me if I can help by clarifying anything.\n\n* * *\n\ncr:\n\n<https://www.nihongo-c.co.jp/blog/blog-entry-100.html>\n\n<https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/17661>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T04:59:34.527",
"id": "61359",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "大きな is the 連体形 (attributive form) of an old na-adjective おおきなり, and only the\nattributive form is used in the present day. 小さな, おかしな are also the same\nthing. They are analyzed as pre-noun adjectivals.\n\nThe attribute form of 多い is 多い, but it alone isn't commonly used such as 多い車.\nHowever 多い with a modifier can be used as the attribute form such as 外国人の多い学校.\n多く is a noun, so when it modifies a noun, の is needed after a noun such as\nお菓子の家.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T09:36:48.913",
"id": "61365",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T09:36:48.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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] |
60288
|
61365
|
61365
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60296",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "First, I'm sorry for the very unspecific topic of this question, but I didn't\nreally know how else to describe my problem.\n\nThe sentence in question:\n壁には植物が装飾され、都心とは思えないほど緑があふれるチャペルに、床にはじゅうたんではなく木目のフローリングが敷かれた披露宴会場。\n\nFor full context:\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/business_tokushu/2018_0621.html?utm_int=news_contents_tokushu_004>\n\nAnd the \"picture above\" (just to explicitly reference it): [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qMCaD.jpg)\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"About the walls, they are in the chapel where\nplants are used as decoration and the green overflows to the extent that you\ncan't assess it as city centre and about the floor, it is a presentation\nbanquet hall where there is no carpet rug and wooden floor is spread out.\"\n\nIn general I'm always having some difficulties interpreting sentences which\nare contextualized by pictures. In this case, the referenced picture seems to\nshow rooms for marriage ceremonies, consisting of a chapel for the ceremony\nand a banquet hall for the subsequent celebration.\n\nI interpreted this sentence as if there were actually two sentences, each\nmarked by the respective topics 壁には and 床には. The problem is that these two\nsentences seem to reference two different rooms, chapel and banquet hall, but\nthe topics are \"floor\" and \"wall\" which are somewhat unspecific considering\nthe pictures. There are floors and walls on both pictures after all :D",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T11:57:13.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60289",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T15:59:42.030",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-22T12:27:13.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "3295",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to interpret this sentence in context of the picture above?",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think this sentence can be interpreted even without the picture, although it\ndoes help visualizing the description.\n\nYou kind of skipped `に` after `チャペル` but it's somewhat important here IMO;\nit's used as [\"and\" where the two parts are somehow connected or belong\ntogether](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/49043/3295). So the full\nsentence describes both the chapel (concentrating on the walls decorated with\ngreenery) and the banquet hall (where it brings to our attention the floor).\nAlthough `には` sets the topic to walls/floor, in fact it's just a set up for\ndescribing the room (chapel and banquet hall). I think it is repeated in the\ntwo parts to give a kind of juxtaposition of the two rooms' features.\n\nI would probably translate the full sentence like this:\n\n\"In the chapel, the walls are overflowing with green plants to the extent that\none may forget being in the city, while in the banquet/reception hall the\nwooden flooring is laid out instead of carpets\".\n\nP.S. to understand the structure of the sentences a little better, it may be\nuseful to shuffle the words around a bit, e.g.\n\n植物が( **壁には装飾され** )、([都心とは思えないほど] **緑があふれる** )チャペル\n\ni.e. plants **decorate the walls** while **greenery overflows** [to the extent\none doesn't feel like being in a city], and both parts describe the chapel.",
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"creation_date": "2018-07-22T13:12:40.317",
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},
{
"body": "The sentence is introducing two different halls, \"the chapel with plants on\nwalls\" and \"the reception hall with wooden floor\".\n\nYou're interpreting this two は as topic markers (\"about the wall ...\"), but I\nthink these two は are contrast markers. Obviously the sentence is talking\nabout two interesting halls, not about walls or floors themselves. These は are\nmaking the contrast between a hall characterized by its _walls_ and another\nhall characterized by its _floor_. When you translate this sentence, it should\nlook simply like \"(There is) a chapel (with characteristic walls), and (there\nis) a reception hall (with a characteristic floor).\" (FWIW, the floor of a\nclassical 披露宴会場 is usually covered with carpet.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T15:59:42.030",
"id": "60296",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T15:59:42.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60289",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60289
|
60296
|
60296
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60295",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the 2016 film, \"Shin Godzilla\", the Japanese title is rendered \"シン・ゴジラ\" (\n_shin gojira_ ).\n\nI assume that this \"shin\" here is 神?\n\nWhy did they spell \"shin\" in katakana as if it was a foreign word? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T14:49:17.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60291",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T13:29:04.083",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-24T13:29:04.083",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"katakana"
],
"title": "Kana in Movie Title: 「シン・ゴジラ」",
"view_count": 233
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [this news\nsite](http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/11967162/), the reason seems to\nbe:\n\n> 「シン・ゴジラ」の「シン」について山内章弘プロデューサーが語った 庵野秀明総監督のアイデアで「正解があるわけではありません」と回答\n> 「新、真、神…見る人にさまざまなことを感じてもらいたい」とした\n\nMy literal TL of that would be:\n\n> \"Producer Akihiro Yamauchi talked about the 「シン」 part of 「シン・ゴジラ」. He stated\n> 'There is no correct answer to it.' and that was the intention of Director\n> Hideaki Anno. Yamauchi stated \"We want the viewers to feel various things\n> (in the title), such as 新 (new)、真 (true/real)、神 (god), etc.\"\n\n(新, 真 and 神 can all be read 「しん」.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T15:44:24.910",
"id": "60295",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T16:44:24.653",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-22T16:44:24.653",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60291",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
60291
|
60295
|
60295
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "「そりゃあ、人間だって勉強しなけりゃ、字を読んだり書いたりできるようにはならない。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T14:57:15.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60292",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T14:57:15.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "この下の文章の「は」はどういう意味ですか。",
"view_count": 34
}
|
[] |
60292
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60297",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So my question is about this \" **でも** \"\n\n> 眠れないもので顔 **でも** 洗ったら少しはいいかと思って…\n\nI think i know what the sentence means :\n\n> \"Because i was unable to sleep, i thought washing my face/splashing water on\n> my face a bit would have been a good idea..\"\n\nBut even do i get the overall meaning of this sentence, i was unable to\nexplain what this \"でも\" meant here precisely..\n\nIs it \"-or something like that\" ?\n\nIs it use because otherwise the sentence would mean that the guy/girl took a\nCOMPLETE shower?\n\nHow can i be sure of the PRECISE meaning?\n\nThanks!\n\nedit : **Yes, this でも means \"or something like that\", indicating face washing\nis not the only option.** <- this feel like a good additional information to\nkeep.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T15:16:40.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60294",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T16:42:36.700",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-22T16:42:36.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "29927",
"owner_user_id": "29927",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "Question about \"でも\" in this particular sentence",
"view_count": 50
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, this でも means \"or something like that\", indicating face washing is not\nthe only option. Although this でも is placed between 顔 and 洗う, it means \"(I\nshould) do something like face-washing\" rather than \"(I should) wash something\nsuch as my face\". The sentence means he/she could do something totally\ndifferent to kill time and get relaxed, like watching TV, cleaning his room,\nor whatever.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T16:10:09.170",
"id": "60297",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T16:10:09.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60294",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60294
|
60297
|
60297
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60300",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can anyone explain to me the function of のか in this sentence? Is it \"I suppose\nthat...\" or similar?\n\n> 彼は、体調が悪い **のか** 、顔色があまり良くない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T16:20:16.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60298",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-01T01:50:02.133",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-01T01:50:02.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to use ~のか accurately? 「体調が悪いのか、顔色があまり良くない。」",
"view_count": 1492
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「彼{かれ}は、体調{たいちょう}が悪{わる}い **のか** 、顔色{かおいろ}があまり良{よ}くない。」\n\nWhen used mid-sentence like that, 「のか」 _**questions**_ the preceding statement\nto some extent. For translation purposes, one might use:\n\n> \" _ **Not sure whether**_ [preceding statement] _**is the case, but\n> ~~~~~**_.\"\n>\n> \" _ **Not sure if it is because**_ [preceding statement], _**but ~~~~~**_.\"\n\nIn the sentence in question, 「体調が悪い」 is only a speculation whereas\n「顔色があまり良くない」 is a fact. That is why the speaker/writer uses 「のか」 to express\nthe _**possibility**_ of the preceding statement not being totally correct.\n\nIn this sentence, 「のか」 can be replaced by 「からなのか」 or 「せいなのか」 without changing\nthe meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T17:10:26.840",
"id": "60300",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-25T01:22:45.833",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60298",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
60298
|
60300
|
60300
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60302",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "All other titles, used when addressing someone, have a kanji character. Was/Is\nthere a kanji term for _-san_?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T16:44:27.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60299",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T16:09:55.893",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-27T14:54:09.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Is there a kanji term for \"-san\" when used to address someone?",
"view_count": 2893
}
|
[
{
"body": "The pronunciation さん is derived from [様]{さま}. I guess it should never be\nwritten using the kanji.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T18:29:25.500",
"id": "60302",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-19T18:37:00.343",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-19T18:37:00.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "19376",
"parent_id": "60299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "Totally not the question you wanted, but a piece of trivia nonetheless: while\nthere is no kanji for さん, there is a hànzì, and it's 桑: the Chinese Internet\nusers needed to render the non-kanjified Japanese honorifics phonetically, so\nyou'll find the versions for many others as well. (醬 is ちゃん).\n\n * It actually has a precedence, as originally さん came to Taiwan during the Japanese power and got actively borrowed to Taiwanese Min Nan (Hokkien): and it was there that 桑 was taken as a phonetic. Example, 歐巴桑 おばあさん. Strictly saying, 桑 is used as a phonetic for any occurrence of [saŋ].\n\nIt wouldn't work in Japanese, as the on-reading is now そう.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-27T15:00:57.780",
"id": "72143",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T15:00:57.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "60299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60299
|
60302
|
60302
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60318",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: a boxer is having a hard time understanding the punches of his tall\nopponent.\n\n> ノッポのリード… フリッカーでもねェのに この〝ニュル〟…… 読めねっ…\n\nDoes フリッカー refer to フリッカージャブ? If so, could the first part of the sentence be\ntranslated as \"Even though he doesn't use flicker jabs to take the lead...\"?\n\nAs for ニュル, I thought it could be the katakana for \"null\", but I am not sure\nhow it could fit the context. Could it have something to do with the ニュル\nonomatopoeia seen in the same page?\n\n[Here you can see](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fAF0A.jpg) the whole page. Thank\nyou for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T17:34:02.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60301",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T10:30:19.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T03:27:34.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"katakana",
"onomatopoeia",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of フリッカー and ニュル in the following sentence",
"view_count": 316
}
|
[
{
"body": "ニュル has nothing to do with \"null\". This ニュル (ニュルニュル, にゅるり, ニュルっと, etc) is an\nonomatopoeia that describes a smooth and \"wet\" movement of something (often\nlong or blobby), for example, a snake coming out of a hole, toothpaste being\npushed from a tube, potato being cut with a potato cutter, a tongue being\nstuck out of the mouth. The sentence says the tall man's punches are\nunpredictable and winding like squeezed toothpaste (as in [this\nimage](https://stock.adobe.com/jp/images/squeezed-toothpaste-white-red-colors-\nmulticolored-squeezed-toothpaste-background-in-white-red-and-white-colors-for-\ndesigners-and-illustrators-blot-bob-as-a-vector-\nillustration/175031219?prev_url=detail)).\n\nI didn't know the word フリッカージャブ, but online articles say it's a whip-like\nunpredictable punch, so I think it can be described with ニュル, too. If I\nunderstand correctly, this リード refers to リードパンチ/リードジャブ, and フリッカー is a type of\nリード. (リードを許す on the previous page is \"to allow someone to take a lead\")",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T09:23:54.327",
"id": "60318",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T10:30:19.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T10:30:19.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60301",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60301
|
60318
|
60318
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60305",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say that I have had enough, put my foot down.\n\nIt's time to put my foot down, do not start again.\n\nI am putting my foot down, on the unannounced visits.\n\nIt is time to put my foot down, with the needless interruptions.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T19:18:30.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60303",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T05:39:24.237",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T05:39:24.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How do I say \"put my foot down\"?",
"view_count": 183
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can say:\n\n・「絶対{ぜったい}に許{ゆる}さない。」\n\n・「絶対に譲{ゆず}らない。」\n\n・「断固{だんこ}とした態度{たいど}をとる。」\n\n・「きっぱりとした態度をとる。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T22:32:25.580",
"id": "60305",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T22:32:25.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60303",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60303
|
60305
|
60305
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60306",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "星 contains the radical 日 meaning sun/day. This makes sense from a modern\nunderstanding, as it is well known that the sun was a star. However, it\nappears this has only been known since the 19th century, suggesting that the\nconnection is not so intuitive.\n\nHow did the 日 radical come to be used here? Was there an understanding that\nthe sun was the same/similar to a star, or was there another reason for this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T21:35:42.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60304",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T07:43:23.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"history",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Does the etymology of 星 suggest the japanese/chinese knew the sun was a star?",
"view_count": 1005
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, because「星」was not the original character for the word meaning _star_.\n\n* * *\n\n「星」was originally written「晶」:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uCM38.png)\n\nThese are [oracle bone\nscript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script) samples, and by that\nstage stars were already characterised as being **more numerous and smaller\nthan the sun and moon** , hence the appearance.「晶」now means\n_sparkling/crystal/radiant_ , and this is a semantic extension from the\noriginal meaning _twinkling stars_.\n\nLater on, a sound hint「生」was added (note, the common _On'yomi_ for\nboth「星」and「生」, which are both **しょう** and **せい** , are identical).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KEptd.png)\n\nThe number of stars depicted ranged from 2-5, but eventually settled on to 3:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NJVnP.png)\n\n_The right hand side is the modern representation of the form on the left._\n\nA [Warring States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_period)\ninnovation simplified it to one star,\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0dKXd.png)\n\nand this is what we're left with today.\n\nTo clarify, there was a clear recognition that「星」and「日」were both celestial\nbodies shining in the sky, as seen by the structural composition of「晶」,\nbut「星」is also the same term given to planets and comets, and the\nphilosophical/cultural/religious significance of the sun itself, seen in words\nlike「太陽」(literally _Grand[Yang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang)_,\nby far the more pervasive word for _sun_ in Chinese), is not accorded to「星」.\n\n* * *\n\n## References\n\n * 裘錫圭《文字學概要》\n * 季旭昇《說文新證》\n * [小學堂](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-22T23:14:13.203",
"id": "60306",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T01:37:20.597",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T01:37:20.597",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "60304",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "A comment rather than an answer; the assertion that \"the sun was a star [...]\nhas only been known since the 19th century\" is not maintainable. Quote\n[Wikipedia on Stars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star) (emphasis mine):\n\n> In 1584, Giordano Bruno suggested that the stars were like the Sun, and may\n> have other planets, possibly even Earth-like, in orbit around them, an idea\n> that had been suggested earlier by the ancient Greek philosophers,\n> Democritus and Epicurus, and by medieval Islamic cosmologists such as Fakhr\n> al-Din al-Razi. By the following century, **the idea of the stars being the\n> same as the Sun was reaching a consensus among astronomers.**\n\nAlso note that supernovae were a known phenomenon to the Chinese of 2000 years\nago:\n\n> In spite of the apparent immutability of the heavens, Chinese astronomers\n> were aware that new stars could appear. In 185 AD, they were the first to\n> observe and write about a supernova, now known as the SN 185. The brightest\n> stellar event in recorded history was the SN 1006 supernova, which was\n> observed in 1006 and written about by the Egyptian astronomer Ali ibn Ridwan\n> and several Chinese astronomers.\n\nThis gives a wholenother time horizon to the history of concepts than the\nnotion of '19th century' would suggest.\n\nI otherwise second what @drooze writes, and just want to add that the really\ninteresting question is, why didn't the ancient Chinese develop a simple sign\nfor 'star' when they did so for e.g. 云 cloud, 日 sun, 月 moon, 天 sky?—The\nEgyptians certainly did have two distinct signs, viz. () sun (with rays) vs\nstar.—Given the plethora of simple signs for things of importance in the\nhistorical record and the demonstrable early Chinese interest in\nmeteorological and celestial phenomena, shouldn't one expect a simple graph\nfor 'star' right next to 日 and 月?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T07:43:23.123",
"id": "60314",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T07:43:23.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19992",
"parent_id": "60304",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60304
|
60306
|
60306
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between とか and たりする when listing verbs?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T02:00:21.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60307",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T10:00:52.683",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-24T02:51:11.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30716",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"words",
"syntax"
],
"title": "とか vs たりする what's the difference?",
"view_count": 1225
}
|
[
{
"body": "**The differences:**\n\nI think this is [an excellent video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2n7StZvy-\nUQ) answering precisely your question.\n\nLet me explain anyway for who doesn't understand the video (which is only in\nJapanese). For starters, as you understand the meaning is basically the same.\nThey are both used to list and express a sequence of actions.\n\nGrammatically speaking, the main difference is the following:\n\n_You cannot use とか after adjectives. It can only follow nouns and verbs._\n\nFor example the following sentences are equivalent:\n\n> 国語とか数学とかの宿題が多くて忙しい。\n>\n> 国語だったり数学だったりの宿題が多くて忙しい。\n\nNotice that とか always follows nouns. In case of verbs consider for example:\n\n> 平日は学校へ行くとか、働くとかしています。\n>\n> 平日は学校へ行ったり、働いたりしています。\n\nThese are also equivalent. Another example is:\n\n> ジュースをこぼしちゃったり、あわてて変な声を出したりしちゃった。\n>\n> ジュースをこぼしたとか、あわてて変な声を出したとかしちゃった。\n\nThese are also both correct but notice that it is _more natural_ to use たり. \nとか isn't wrong but less natural for native speakers.\n\nLast is the case of adjectives. In this case as I said you can only use たり.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 東京は暑かったり、寒かったりする。\n\nIn this case you cannot use とか.\n\nThese are other sources that seem confirm above (they never mention とか after\nadjectives):\n\n[link_1](http://www.gonihongo.com/tobira_grammar/01.html) (point 12 a. b.) -\n[link_2](http://www.gonihongo.com/tobira_grammar/01.html) (look at 文法, only\nmentions nouns and verbs plain form)。\n\n**The similarities:**\n\nI think you pretty much got this covered. However, I just wanted to add that\nboth these forms are quite colloquial. That is, you would not use them in\nformal situation where you'd better use honorific language or in formal\nwriting. Here are a couple of links with more info:\n[link_3](http://goro55.cocolog-nifty.com/japanese/2013/02/post-74bf.html),\n[link_4](https://mayonez.jp/topic/1003268). I won't go too much in detail as\nyou ask for the differences after all.\n\nEDIT:\n\nAccording to the comments, it seems you could actually colloquially use とか\nafter an adjective. However, always according to the comments this is too\ncasual or \"a bit slangy\" so I think we could say you could forget about it.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T07:06:41.057",
"id": "60313",
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"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "60307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60307
| null |
60313
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60310",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "~~_Before I begin,[this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/11119/why-is-this-sentence-\ngrammatically-incorrect) is unrelated, despite the similar title._~~\n\n* * *\n\n* * *\n\nHere was the question:\n\n> > _My father and mother both are English teachers._\n>\n> 1. 父と母は英語の先生です。\n>\n> 2. 父も母も英語の先生です。\n>\n> 3. 父も母も英語先生です。\n>\n>\n\n* * *\n\nI looked at each of the sentences and interpreted that\n\n> * 父 = ちち = father;\n>\n> * 母 = はは = mother;\n>\n> * 英語 = えいご = English; and\n>\n> * 先生 = せんせい = teacher.\n>\n>\n\n>\n\n>> Therefore, **Sentence 3** is incorrect because it is missing the particle\nの.\n\nNow I also thought that\n\n> も = mo = also.\n>\n\n>> Thus, **Sentence 2** is incorrect because there is no \"also\" in the italic\nsentence.\n\n* * *\n\nSo I circled **Sentence 1** but I got the answer incorrect. Why so? What was\nthe correct answer, and what does も mean when it appears twice in one\nsentence? Does the meaning change, or remain the same?\n\nありがとうございます。 \nThank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T03:21:27.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60309",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29594",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"particles",
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "I do not understand why と is incorrect when trying to say \"both\"",
"view_count": 1100
}
|
[
{
"body": "the key is 父 **も** 母 **も**\n\nXもYも is the Japanese way of expressing the idea of \"both X and Y\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T03:29:51.113",
"id": "60310",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60309",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60309
|
60310
|
60310
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60312",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> オカダ１勝目バクステ「余裕の勝利。人間ってのは **ねぇ** 、余裕の時はこうやって、壁に手をついて立つんだよ\n\nThe translation for this sentence is:\n\n> After finally winning his first match オカダ (leaning his hand against the\n> wall) says:\"A man stands like this, with his hands on a wall, when things\n> are easy in his life\"\n\nIf there was no ねぇ in that sentence it would make perfect sense for the\ntranslation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T04:28:15.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60311",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T14:44:17.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"negation"
],
"title": "Is ねえ negative in this sentence?",
"view_count": 371
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「人間ってのは **ねぇ** 、余裕の時はこうやって、壁に手をついて立つんだよ 」\n\nThe 「ねぇ」 here is only a variant of 「ね」, the filler particle. It has no\nparticular meaning of its own and it is neither affirmative or negative in\nnature.\n\nHere, 「ねぇ」 has nothing to do with the informal, \"Kanto-tough-guy\" 「ない」.\n\nThe sentence still stands if the 「ねぇ」 is dropped or replaced by another filler\nlike 「な」 or 「なぁ」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T04:36:11.497",
"id": "60312",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T14:44:17.497",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60311",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60311
|
60312
|
60312
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What's the difference between 体験 and 経験",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T07:54:02.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60315",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T07:54:02.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30716",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the difference between these?",
"view_count": 33
}
|
[] |
60315
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60323",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why do causal subordinate clauses ending in -から take だ as a means to connect\nnouns and な adjectives (e.g. 日本人だから), whereas causal subordinate clauses\nending in -ので take な (e.g. 日本人なので)?\n\nI read that だ derives from て+ある, whereas な derives from に+ある, but why would\none causal conjunction require で, whereas another one requires に?\n\nJust trying to make sense of it all…\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T09:01:37.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60316",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T13:13:30.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"classical-japanese",
"subordinate-clauses",
"particle-な",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "だ versus な in causal subordinate clauses",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[
{
"body": "This explanation is tautological but I just have to say it's because から\nfollows a terminal form, which of the copula is だ while の is a kind of noun,\nwhich needs an attributive form to be modified, which of the copula is な.\n\nTheir etymology has nothing to do with this issue.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T13:13:30.270",
"id": "60323",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "60316",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60316
|
60323
|
60323
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60321",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I can point at the food that I would like to order, because there is a plastic\nrepresentation of it. Is it called _purasuchikku shokuji_?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T12:04:17.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60319",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T16:43:25.600",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T16:43:25.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests",
"food"
],
"title": "What are the plastic meals featured in restaurants called?",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is called\n[食品【しょくひん】サンプル](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB)\n_shokuhin sanpuru_. (Also see the [大辞泉 entry via\nkotobank.jp](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB-678352#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89).)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T12:23:41.283",
"id": "60321",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T12:23:41.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "60319",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "If you uttered \"purasutiku shokuji\" (it would more correctly be \"purasuchikku\"\nor プラスチック) in the right context you could make yourself understood, but 食品サンプル\n(\"shouhin sanpuru\") is definitely the right term. Also, those models are\nsometimes made of other materials different from plastic, such as wax.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T16:37:51.490",
"id": "60331",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30721",
"parent_id": "60319",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60319
|
60321
|
60321
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Since it is very easy to input kanji on computers or mobile devices, I've\nalways wondered if tweets have more kanji (particularly non-jouyo kanji) than\ntypical Japanese text, especially since kanji characters save character space.\nBut on the other hand, tweets are very casual and slangy.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T12:10:25.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60320",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T16:58:13.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30723",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Is kanji (especially hyogai kanji) more prevalent than usual on Twitter, or is it the opposite?",
"view_count": 434
}
|
[
{
"body": "People rarely use hyogai kanji if reducing the number of characters is the\nonly purpose. For one, usually hyogai kanji do not drastically reduce the\nnumber of characters, so it's simply not worth the effort. For one, as you\nhave correctly guessed, using rare and obsolete kanji make your tweet look\nfairly odd. Lastly, the 140 character limit [has not been that compelling for\nJapanese\npeople](https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/topics/product/2017/Giving-\nyou-more-characters-to-express-yourself.html):\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AyQ87.png)\n\nBasically, most people write text on Twitter just like they do on a blog site\nwith no character limit. Still, people sometimes replace words that are\nnormally written in kana with a bit difficult kanji versions (\"かえって\" → \"却って\",\n\"むしろ\" → \"寧ろ\", ...).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T12:49:54.710",
"id": "60322",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T16:58:13.367",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T16:58:13.367",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 2
}
] |
60320
| null |
60322
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60327",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw 未来のミライ the other day. The boy said 〜好きくない regarding many people. Was he\nmaking a grammar mistake?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T14:56:09.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60324",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T16:03:38.743",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T16:03:38.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "26989",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives",
"role-language"
],
"title": "Grammatical correctness of 〜好きくない",
"view_count": 619
}
|
[
{
"body": "好きくない is indeed not proper grammar. It is sometimes used by children (and\nhence in fiction for children or childlike characters), reanalyzing 好き which\nshould be a _na_ -adjective 好き（な） as an _i_ -adjective *好きい, hence *好きくない or\n*好きかった.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T15:33:06.823",
"id": "60327",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T15:33:06.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "60324",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
60324
|
60327
|
60327
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What I understand is that the の is used when an explanatory tone is needed,\nbut is there anything fundamentally different with these statments and which\nis used when?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T15:01:17.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60325",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T16:24:11.417",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T15:39:13.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "30725",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"explanatory-の"
],
"title": "Whats the difference between なんで日本語を話せますか vs なんで日本語を話せるのですか",
"view_count": 249
}
|
[
{
"body": "The former, なんで日本語を話せますか, is plain unnatural, and you should always construct\na sentence like the latter. A good rule of thumb is that なんで/どうして is almost\nalways used with explanatory の/ん.\n\nExceptions:\n\n * Short questions like \"なぜか?\", \"なんでですか?\" and \"どうして?\" do not require の/ん. (Although it's common to add な/の like \"なぜなのか?\", \"なんでなんですか?\", \"どうしてなの?\" The difference is very small.)\n * In an [embedded question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13034/5010), の/ん is not required.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T16:24:11.417",
"id": "60329",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T16:24:11.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60325",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60325
| null |
60329
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Considering the expression 気が遠くなるほど to describe something of a large scale or\nhard to conceive, is the variant 気の遠くなるほど also correct and is there any\ndifference in meaning or nuance? Is there any sort of preference? While the\nfirst appears in most dictionaries, I am encountering the second in written\nform by a native from Osaka.\n\n<https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E6%B0%97%E3%81%8C%E9%81%A0%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A9%E3%81%AE>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T16:26:55.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60330",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T16:47:25.563",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T16:47:25.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "30721",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"particles",
"particle-の",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Which is preferred, 気が遠くなるほど or 気の遠くなるほど?",
"view_count": 34
}
|
[] |
60330
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60343",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Do any Japanese words start with n besides ンジャメナ or words related to it?\nN'Djamena is the capital of Chad.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T18:01:56.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60332",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T05:00:24.557",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-24T05:00:24.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"readings",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Do any Japanese words start with n besides ンジャメナ?",
"view_count": 2127
}
|
[
{
"body": "It depends on what you'd count as a \"Japanese word\". Almost certainly nothing\nthat is natively Japanese will start with ん. However, there are a few words in\nother languages that would have it. For example, \"ng\" is a common starting\nsound in names in a few languages (including Vietnamese and some Chinese\ndialects). I know of someone whose surname is \"Ng\", and it caused a lot of\ntrouble in getting them registered in some Japanese systems since there was an\nautomatic validation preventing them from writing it as ング.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T04:04:41.283",
"id": "60343",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T04:04:41.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16022",
"parent_id": "60332",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60332
|
60343
|
60343
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60335",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am trying to understand the lyrics to [Matsumoto Bon\nBon](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaQQqHgKMnQ). Particularly the line in\nbold:\n\n> 松本 ぼん ぼん\n>\n> 城のまち\n>\n> 山にみどりの 風吹けば\n>\n> **杉っぱ 青っぱ 青山さまが**\n>\n> 堀のむこうから 町のつじ\n>\n> どっこい じんじょ\n\nI tried to look for\n[青っぱ](http://tangorin.com/general/%E9%9D%92%E3%81%A3%E3%81%B1) but the only\nresult is for あおっぱな, which is:\n\n> green snot (hanging from a child's nose, etc.)\n\nI did not find 杉っぱ in the dictionary either.\n\nIs there a \"っぱ\" suffix that has some well defined meaning in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-23T20:26:37.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60334",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T05:07:18.450",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3821",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"song-lyrics",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Is there a っぱ suffix? If so, what does it mean?",
"view_count": 470
}
|
[
{
"body": "杉っぱ means 杉【すぎ】の葉【は】 \"cedar leaves\" and 青っぱ means 青葉【あおば】 \"green (fresh)\nleaves\".\n\nOf course 葉っぱ [is a word in\nitself](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9420/1628). My guess would be\nthat it is more a geminated version of 葉【は】 than it is a borrowing of っぱ in\n葉っぱ, but it may be a combination of both! In any case, っぱ is _not_ a\nproductive suffix meaning \"leaf of ...\" and you can probably think of 杉っぱ and\n青っぱ as an instance of poetic license.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-23T20:44:22.277",
"id": "60335",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T20:58:23.770",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T20:58:23.770",
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"body": "Generally, \"っぱ\" is a euphonic change in the pronunciation of a Japanese word\nfrom \"は\" meaning \"のは\" or \"は of\" where は could be \"葉 _leaf_ \", \"歯 _tooth_ \", \"派\n_party/faction/school/sect/group_ \", \"刃 _cutting edge/blade_ \", \"波 _wave_ \"\nand etc.\n\n菜{な}っ葉{ぱ}、味噌{みそ}っ歯{ぱ}、反{そ}っ歯{ぱ}、出{で}っ歯{ぱ} are often used with the usage\nwritten above including 青{あお}っぱ, 葉{は}っぱ and 杉{すぎ}っぱ.\n\nIn addition to the above general explanation, I'll provide supplementary\nexplanation for the two examples: 葉っぱ and 杉っぱ.\n\nAs for 葉っぱ, it means \"葉 _leaf_ \" and we use 葉っぱ often instead of 葉, and\naccording to the above general explanation, 葉っぱ could be written as 葉っ葉. 葉っ葉\nis a strange notation, so we write it as 葉っぱ not as 葉っ葉. \n葉 and 歯 are both very common words having the same and simple pronunciation. \nThe reason we use 葉っぱ often instead of 葉 is that we would like to distinguish\n葉 from 歯.\n\nAs for 杉っぱ, it is probably \"杉の葉 _cedar leaves_ \" that ordinary Japanese can\nimagine, but we actually do not see the expression much. The reason is that \"杉\n_cedar_ \" is famous and anyone can understand, but cedar leaves are hard to\nimagine which part of cedar is actually pointed with the expression of cedar\nleaves. Things that are difficult to imagine do not have common names, so I\nthink that the expression 杉っぱ or 杉の葉 is not used much.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-24T04:53:29.957",
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60334
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60335
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60335
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{
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"body": "I am wonder about using the word \"unique\" in isolation. Would this be written\nas ユニーク or ユニークな.\n\nSorry or the lack of explanation. I am looking to print this on a tshirt, and\nwould like it to read \"unique\". In terms of \"something unique\". The brand is\ncalled 'One of One' and the meaning behind this is to express yourself and be\nyourself \"unique\".\n\nI have translated this and come up with results which both include な and those\nthat leave it off of the end of the word.\n\nMy question is if I should include the な on the end of the word as I have read\nthat it is normally used to imply negativity when added to verbs. But in this\ncase I am unsure of how to approach a single adjective. I tried to do some\nresearch and could not find a complete answer. Thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T00:55:08.890",
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"owner_user_id": "30731",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Using the word \"Unique\" in Isolation",
"view_count": 121
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[
{
"body": "In this case, you can just omit な at the end and put only ユニーク on the shirt.\nThis な forms an attributive form, i.e., な is only used to modify the following\nnoun. The concept of ユニーク itself can be conveyed without な. For now, [な after\na verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33097/5010) is not relevant,\neither.\n\n(FWIW, ユニーク in Japanese tends to have a bit sarcastic implication. Saying \"I\nam ユニーク\" can imply you are a peculiar person. You may be interested in the\nword [個性](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%80%8B%E6%80%A7), which is a simple noun\nand have a more positive connotation.)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-24T03:40:05.773",
"id": "60342",
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60336
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60342
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"body": "It is a basic grammar that「いる」is used to show the existence of something alive\nand 「ある」is to show the existence of inanimate object in terms of 存在表現.\n\nHowever, I found some people use \"工夫がいる\" instead of \"工夫がある\". Is it an\nexception?\n\n> 人に伝えるコトって **工夫がいる** んです！\n>\n> 細胞内の物質を積極的に移動させる **工夫がいる** 。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T01:43:30.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60337",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T01:48:40.113",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Is it an exception of 「ある」と「いる」の使い分け?",
"view_count": 832
}
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[
{
"body": "You are confusing 「居{い}る」 (\"to exist\") and 「要{い}る」 (\"to be necessary\").\n\nIn both of your two sentences, the verb is 「要る」, so it is just a normal usage.\n「工夫がいる」, therefore, means \" ** _(it) requires ingenuity_** \".\n\nFor the pronunciation of these two いる's and a few other verbs that are spelled\n「いる」 if written in kana, see here:\n\n[What is the intonation variation for 居る vs\n要る?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/59295/what-is-the-\nintonation-variation-for-%e5%b1%85%e3%82%8b-vs-%e8%a6%81%e3%82%8b/59296#59296)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-24T01:50:24.707",
"id": "60339",
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{
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"body": "> 「感謝のしようもありません。」\n\nThe sentence translates as \"I can't thank you enough\". \nI read on the forums that 「しよう」 is a casual volitional form of 「する」. \nDoes that mean it's an even more casual form of 「したい」?\n\nHow would you literally translate this? My attempt would look like this:\n\n> \"Even the feelings that I want to feel don't exist (or aren't). \"\n\nSounds pretty intense to me already. How close was that?\n\nWhat are other ways to use 「しよう」? \nCan you say 「これをしよう」 for \"I want that\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T01:49:09.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60338",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-24T02:34:01.560",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30733",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "「感謝のしようもありません。」の「しよう」はどういう意味ですか？",
"view_count": 112
}
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[
{
"body": "The しよう is not the volitional form of する, but \"a way of doing~~\"\n(=「し[様]{よう}」).\n\n> 感謝のしようもありません。\n\n_lit._ There's no way of thanking. \n→ I can't thank you enough.\n\nBy the way, volitional しよう is pronounced [しよう]{LHL} and し様, [しよう]{LHH}.\n\n* * *\n\nThe [様]{よう}, attached to the continuative form (連用形) of a verb, can mean \"a\nway of (doing~~)\" (≂ [方法]{ほうほう}). A few examples from\n[プログレッシブ和英中辞典](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86/#je-77747):\n\n> この時計は[直]{なお}し[様]{よう}がない。 This watch cannot be repaired. \n> これだけでは[考]{かんが}え[様]{よう}がない。 We can't consider it without more information. \n> [手]{て}の[下]{くだ}し[様]{よう}がなかった。 There was nothing to be done about it.\n\n> Can you say 「これをしよう」 for \"I want that\"?\n\n「これをしよう」 would be interpreted as \"I'll do this.\" or \"Let's do this.\" \nYou could say 「あれがほしい」 to mean \"I want that.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-24T01:58:20.133",
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"body": "As I'm learning Japanese with my coworkers in Japan (and they learn English),\nI go for lunch everyday with them as agreed. So in the morning when I ask:\n\n> 今日、ランチに行きたい？ (Wanna go for lunch today?)\n\nIt is almost a formality since we agreed to go, but just checking whether they\nhave time and are not too busy. But I've gotten it corrected a couple of times\nand told I should say this instead:\n\n> 今日、ランチに行かない？ (Won't we go for lunch today?)\n\nIt feel strange asking in a negative way so I'd love some deeper explanation\nabout it. Unfortunately my coworkers English is even worse than my Japanese,\nso I can only blindly follow what they tell me.\n\nSo, why would be the latter preferred? I am sure if I understand the basics of\nthis it'd be a lot easier to remember.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T02:31:34.823",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30734",
"owner_user_id": "30734",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"questions",
"negation"
],
"title": "〜たい vs 〜ない for proposing a plan",
"view_count": 43
}
|
[] |
60341
| null | null |
{
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"body": "Does anybody know why - historically, etymologically or logically - one can\nuse polite forms (e.g. -ます) in causal subordinate clauses before から, while one\nmust use the plain form before ので?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T08:08:31.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60347",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T14:17:08.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"classical-japanese",
"particle-から",
"subordinate-clauses",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "Is there a good reason why I can use a polite form before から but not before ので?",
"view_count": 216
}
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[
{
"body": "As you can see in the linked post, and Chocolate and Bjorn's comment - you\ntotally can use ので and から after the ~ます form of a verb.\n\nWhen I lived in Japan I heard people say, `行きますから` and `行きますので`\n\nIf you want to know the difference, you can check out [This website ~ Kara vs\nNode](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2015/10/29/a-tale-of-two-japanese-because-\nwords-node-%EF%BC%88%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%EF%BC%89vs-\nkara-%EF%BC%88%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%EF%BC%89/%22%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89vs%20%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%22),\nit does a great job of explaining. But a basic difference is that から is less\nformal than ので.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-24T14:17:08.377",
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"body": "I just came across this sentence:\n\n> 日本語を上手に話すのは難しい。\n\nWhile I do understand the meaning overall, I am confused as for why it's 話すのは\ninstead of 話すは. If anybody could explain what のは means, that'd be really\nhelpful!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T09:01:35.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60348",
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"owner_user_id": "30739",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "What is the exact meaning of \"Xのは\"?",
"view_count": 693
}
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[
{
"body": "In this case の is a nominalizer. Basically turns the sentence it precedes into\na noun equivalent.\n\nIn your example, basically the の turns the part before into \"the (thing of)\nspeaking Japanese well\" and the part after is just \"is difficult\". The は in\nbetween is just the usual topic particle は (the topic being the whole thing of\nspeaking Japanese well).\n\nYou can do so also with other particles, not just は. For example:\n\n> のは＝の＋は\n>\n> <日本語> は むずかしいです。 Japanese is difficult. <日本語を話すの>は むずかしいです。To speak Japanese\n> is difficult.\n>\n> のが＝の＋が\n>\n> <勉強>が好きです。 I like studying. <日本語を勉強するの> が好きです。 I like to study Japanese.\n>\n> のを＝の+を\n>\n> <たばこ>を やめます。 I quit smoking. <会社でたばこをすうの>を やめます。 I quit smoking in the\n> office.\n\nThe examples above are taken from\n[here](https://www.italki.com/question/139295). Also I just found a possibly\nrelated question here [on this\nwebsite](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1322/what-is-the-\ndifference-between-%E3%81%AF-and-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AF).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T09:05:10.627",
"id": "60349",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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60349
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"body": "I have seen many times sentences that connect many objects with と which in\nEnglish would require comma. So, is it better to generally just replace comma\nwith と whenever connecting many things together?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T13:59:21.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60350",
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"owner_user_id": "30742",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Should I replace commas with と in Japanese?",
"view_count": 816
}
|
[] |
60350
| null | null |
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"body": "I think both are informal ways of saying \"What are you doing (now)?\"\n\nWhat's the different between the る version and the るの version?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T14:06:43.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60351",
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"owner_user_id": "22787",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"questions"
],
"title": "今何をしてる vs 今何をしてるの",
"view_count": 82
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{
"body": "Firstly, it should be noted that ending a sentence with の like that is\n_generally_ more feminine.\n\nIn more depth, の (when it is not a particle) can be viewed as a proxy for\nanother word. In a sentence like this, I think it's generally to safe to say\nthat it's something like 訳. Outside of that, in \"何をしているの\" the の tends to\nsoften the speaker's tone (hence why it is generally feminine). In this case,\nthe の is generally supplying a tone of seeking/giving explanation, which\nyou'll see written in beginner-level Japanese textbooks.\n\nIn a similar, more masculine sentence, 今、何してるんだ, the の (here, shortened to ん)\ndoes not perform that softening role and is overshadowed by the だ which makes\nthe sentence more forceful. However, the \"explanation\" intonation is still\npresent.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-24T17:03:11.990",
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60361
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"body": "As I am going over the uses of N5 kanji, I have gotten confused as to why\n口（ぐち） is used in places such as 出口 and 入口. What meaning does it add?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T15:28:20.733",
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"owner_user_id": "29804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What does 口 add to words like 出口？",
"view_count": 395
}
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[
{
"body": "In 出口 and 入口,「口」describes the doorway.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HdUCN.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T15:37:00.360",
"id": "60356",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T15:37:00.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"body": "As you are probably aware, 口 has the meaning of mouth. However, when you look\nat the Jisho.org [definition](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%8F%A3), you will also\nfind the definition of `opening; hole; gap; orifice` as well.\n\n> What meaning does it add?\n\nIn this case, the meaning that is added is pretty simple, opening.\n\nCombining 出 with 口, you get _a hole\nfor[exiting](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%87%BA%20%23kanji)_. You will\nencounter this at many building and parking lot exits, but it exists many\nother places as well.\n\nCombining 入 with 口, you get a _hole\nfor[entering](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%85%A5%20%23kanji)_. You will\nencounter this at many building and parking lot entrances. As with 出口 you will\nalso see it in other places as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T15:42:35.550",
"id": "60357",
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{
"body": "Here 口 means \"doorway\" giving\n\n * 入口 \"entry\" (\"entering doorway\")\n * 出口 \"exit\" (\"exiting doorway\")\n\nOf course the principal meaning of 口【くち】 is \"mouth\" — the opening through\nwhich humans or animals take in food. However, besides this literal meaning,\n\"mouth\" also has an extended meaning, [also in\nEnglish](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mouth):\n\n> **mouth**\n>\n> …\n>\n> **2** An opening or entrance to a hollow, concave, or enclosed structure.\n>\n> _‘the mouth of a cave’_\n\nA very similar meaning exists also in Japanese and a monolingual dictionary\nwill list something like the following (taken from\n[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%8F%A3-55470#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)):\n\n> **口**\n>\n> …\n>\n> 4. 通り抜けることができる空間。複合語としても用いる（この場合、多く「ぐち」となる）。\n>\n> ㋐ 穴やすき間。 「傷－」 「船腹に－があく」\n>\n> ㋑ ものを出し入れする所。また、そこをふさぐもの。 「瓶の－」 「 －がかたくて抜けない」\n>\n> ㋒ 人の出入りする所。戸口。 「 －が狭い」 「登山－とざんぐち」 「非常－ひじようぐち」\n>\n>\n\nroughly translating to\n\n> 4. a space where it is possible to pass through; …\n>\n> …\n>\n> ㋒ where people enter and exit; door or doorway\n>\n>\n\nNote that there are many more such words — the cited dictionary entry gives\nthe following examples:\n\n * 非常口 \"emergency exit\"\n * 登山口 meaning the start of an ascending mountain trail.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T18:47:17.630",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
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60355
|
60357
|
60356
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60378",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm translating this:\n\n> Duplicate question and answer type selection is not allowed, i.e. the\n> question cannot contain the answer, and _vice versa_.\n\nas:\n\n> 同じ質問と回答のタイプを選ぶのは許可されていません。 \n> すなわち、質問には答えを組み込むことは許可されるわけではありません。 \n> その逆の場合にも、同じことだ。\n\nFrom the English Cambridge dictionary, \"vice versa\" is defined as:\n\n> used to say that what you have just said is also true in the opposite order\n\nand I'm translating it as:\n\n> その逆の場合にも、同じことだ。\n\nor, alternatively:\n\n> その逆も同じです。\n\nI'm also using the more formal \"すなわち\" instead of \"つまり\", and translating this:\n\n> 許可されるわけではありません\n\nas\n\n> I doesn't make sense to allow it\n\nand I also realise that\n\n> 組み込むことは許可されるわけではありません\n\nsounds a bit too heavy. A Google search gives hits on \"許可されるわけではない\", but not\non \"ことは許可されるわけではない\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T16:16:58.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60358",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T02:23:06.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30468",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"vice versa\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1264
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are various ways to translate _vice versa_ , from rather casual\nその反対でも同じです to highly literary 逆もまた真なり, but in your case その逆も同様です should work.\n\n回答のタイプを選ぶのは許可されていません means \"you cannot select the type of an answer\", which\ndoes not seem to fit the following context. If this \"answer type selection\"\nmeans \"marking your post as an answer\", say (投稿の)タイプを回答にする, タイプとして回答を選ぶ,\n(投稿)種別の選択欄を回答にする, 回答として投稿する, etc. 許可されていません can be actually too heavy\ndepending on what you are explaining, so consider using simple ～はできません.\n\nAll in all, assuming this is a user-friendly doc of a kind of net forum,\nsomething like this should work:\n\n> 同じ質問を投稿することや、投稿種別として回答を選ぶことはできません。つまり、質問が回答を含むことはできませんし、その逆も同様です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T02:23:06.873",
"id": "60378",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60358",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60358
|
60378
|
60378
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60375",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/60164/22352)\nparticular answer, when I found something interesting and confusing to me. The\nanswer stated:\n\n> If one had to insert a particle in [会社{かいしゃ}など２３０の会社] that made sense, that\n> particle would be 「の」. It would, however, be slightly wordy because there\n> will be another 「の」 coming soon in 「２３０の会社」. It would also make the sentence\n> sound unnecessarily informal as well.\n\nIt makes sense to me that it is more wordy. However, I would have guessed the\nopposite for formality. I assumed that by adding the extra particle it would\nbecome more formal.\n\nSo, this claim that adding the particle is 'unnecessarily informal' is at odds\nwith my understanding.\n\nHow is it unnecessarily informal?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T16:20:59.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60359",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T13:25:04.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"formality"
],
"title": "How is this unnecessarily informal?",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "Often a shorter version sounds stiffer or more literary/academic/technical.\n\n * [Masu-stem is stiffer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23796/5010) than te-form to join clauses\n * [だ before ～と見なす, ～とする](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/56003/5010) is usually not said in legal sentences\n\nAなどB is another example. But the difference is small, and AなどのB is not\nparticularly casual, either. An even stiffer variant is 等（とう）, which is a norm\nin legal sentences but should be avoided in ordinary business conversations.\nSee: [Inaccurate ruby for 等?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32263/5010)\n\nIt's difficult to give a shared background for this, but in general, a highly\nstiff and literary material tends to have more (on-yomi) kanji and less kana.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T01:49:53.483",
"id": "60375",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60359
|
60375
|
60375
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60367",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the reading of the town 北谷? ちゃたん or ほくたに? It is a town in Okinawa.\nMost Japanese read it as Hokutani or Kitatani. Okinawans say Chatan. Is it a\ndialect? Could all terms be correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T17:36:23.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60362",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T22:09:46.900",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-24T19:34:56.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"ateji",
"ryukyuan-languages"
],
"title": "What is the reading of the town 北谷?",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "北谷 is actually not _ateji_ , but the usual _kun'yomi_ きたたに in Okinawan.\n\nIn Okinawan, \"[ _ki_ changes to\n_ch_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawan_language)\", so one gets\n\n> _kitatani_ → _chitatani_ > _chitatan_ > _chatan_\n\nthe first step being _ki_ → _chi_ , the second dropping the last _i_ and the\nlast dropping the first _t_ (and contracting _chi a_ > _cha_ ).\n\nAs a name of the particular town in Okinawa, it has only one reading in\nJapanese, namely ちゃたん. However, there are other towns written 北谷 with readings\n[きたや](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B0%B7_\\(%E8%8D%89%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%82\\))\nor\n[きただに](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B0%B7%E6%9D%91_\\(%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E7%9C%8C\\)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T19:33:15.913",
"id": "60367",
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"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60362
|
60367
|
60367
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60415",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I found this sentence in a game manual:\n\n```\n\n 16回に１度、グリーンがブルーのかわりに出現。\n \n```\n\nUnfortunately I don’t understand why there is 「が」 used between the two color\nnames. The sentence clearly means that this red candy appears every 16th time\ninstead of a green **or** a blue one. Because of that I’d expect 「か」 instead.\n\nMy guess would be that this is just a typo and there should really be 「か」. It\nwouldn’t be the first typo in this book. However I don’t feel proficient\nenough to be sure.\n\nIs the 「が」 a mistake, where 「か」 should have been used, or does it really mean\n_or_ (or something else) here?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ikryl.jpg)\n\n**Update:**\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/D5LXy.jpg)\n\nI added the description of the two candies references in the red one’s\ndescription. Now it should be clear, that these two (blue and green) types of\ncandy do not appear every 16th time, but on a different occasion.\n\n```\n\n ［ブルー］バブルんが一定回数アワをはくと出現する。\n ［グリーン］バブルんが一定回数のアワを割ると出現する。\n \n```\n\nThe blue candy appears when player shoots a certain amount of bubbles. The\ngreen one appears when player pops a certain amount of bubbles.\n\nBecause of that I’d expect that the red candy would appear when either a blue\nor a green candy should appear for the 16th time.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T18:55:52.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60365",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T08:52:07.223",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T05:44:22.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "10104",
"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "「が」 meaning “or”",
"view_count": 638
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context, the が does not mean \"or\" but is the subject marker particle\nが. so every 16th time, `グリーンがブルーのかわりに出現` means that green goes in place of\nblue.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T19:29:05.843",
"id": "60366",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T23:10:12.270",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-24T23:10:12.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "29183",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "60365",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I think the が is a typo of か... since:\n\n> 16回に１度、グリーン **か** ブルーのかわりに出現。 \n> その２つを合せたパワーになる。 \n> \"Once in 16 times, the Red Candy appears instead of a Green or Blue Candy. \n> The Red Candy will have the combined power of a Green Candy and a Blue\n> Candy.\"\n\nwould make much more sense to me.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T06:22:28.793",
"id": "60383",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T06:22:28.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "guys! I am a Japanese living in Tokyo.\n\nI totally agree with the idea that this is a typo. But it might be fair to say\nthat the proofreader of this manual overlooked. It is quite confusing because\nthe existent sentence literally makes sense.\n\n> 16回に１度、グリーンがブルーのかわりに出現。\n>\n> = Once every 16 times, a green one will appear in replace of a blue one.\n\nBut this description doesn't refer to a red one, which is strange. Maybe the\ncorrect one is like this (The hypothesis of Glutexo is completely right I\nthink.)\n\n> 16回に１度、グリーンかブルーのかわりに出現。\n>\n> = Once every 16 times, (a red one) will appear in replace of blue or green\n> one.\n\nThis completely makes sense when it comes with an image of a red candy ball.\nThe proofreader made mistake not because he looked over a typo but he didn't\nunderstand the system of the game. And things like this frequently happen due\nto a feature of Japnese grammar, which we can omit the subject word. (ex.\nthere was not a word of \"red one\", right?)\n\nBTW, I found an interest on this game itself, what is the name of the game?\nAnd who published? I am a candy lover writing a blog [Japanese Candy\nSAMURAI](https://japaneeds.online). And I would like to know about this game\nof candy!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T08:52:07.223",
"id": "60415",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T08:52:07.223",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30759",
"parent_id": "60365",
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"score": 2
}
] |
60365
|
60415
|
60383
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[Kuromoji](https://www.atilika.com/en/kuromoji/) is a Japanese tokenizer. When\nusing it on the expression しましょう, it gave the following analysis:\n\n```\n\n Surface form Part-of-Speech Base form Reading Pronunciation\n し 動詞,自立,*,* する シ\n ましょ 助動詞,*,*,* ます マショ\n う 助動詞,*,*,* う ウ\n \n```\n\nSomebody noted that it doesn't seem to make sense to separate ましょ and う, and\nhe believes that grammatically -mashō should belong together.\n\nIn the [Wiktionary entry for う](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%86), it\nis noted that う is used to make the volitional form of verbs, but \"the\nvolitional form of Group II (ichidan) and Group III (irregular) verbs are\nformed with よう (-yō) instead of う (-u).\"\n\nInterestingly, if I change \"しましょう\" to \"しましよう\" (note the way the よ is written),\nthe tokenizer gives the following result instead:\n\n```\n\n Surface form Part-of-Speech Base form Reading Pronunciation\n し 動詞,自立,*,* する シ\n まし 助動詞,*,*,* ます マシ\n よう 名詞,非自立,助動詞語幹,* よう ヨウ\n \n```\n\nCould it be the case that する is just a special word, and due to the way \"ょ\" is\nwritten in this word, the tokenizer just failed to recognize \"よう\" as an\nentity? So then, the correct grammatical interpretation should still be the\nlater table of results, right?\n\nEDIT: I guess this (breaking the expression into three parts (しーまし(ます)ーよう),\ni.e. (do-polite-volitional)) might just be some formal grammar analysis thing.\nPossibly few people think in this way (i.e. breaking this expression into\nthree parts) in their daily lives. So maybe many people on this SE would find\nit weird.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T21:59:51.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60369",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-07T16:17:35.817",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-07T16:17:35.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "4959",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"auxiliaries",
"obsolete-kana"
],
"title": "Is ょう still one single word/助動詞 in the expression しましょう?",
"view_count": 223
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you can confirm in any [decent\ndictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/208020/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86/),\nましょう is mase + u. mase is the 未然形 of masu, while u is regular 助動詞. Now unless\nyou are familiar with historical spelling (歴史的仮名遣い), you may be wondering what\nI am talking about. Put simply, the vowel combination /eu/ regularly becomes\n/yo:/ (: represents a long vowel). As a result, maseu (ませう) becomes masyo:\n(ましょう). Hence, the 助動詞 is \"u\", but due to the influence of the preceding \"e\"\nin \"mase\", it becomes \"yo:\".\n\nI strongly prefer the tokenization given by Kuromoji. While phonology is\nimportant, you need to be careful in how it affects morphological analysis.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T02:02:59.190",
"id": "60376",
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}
] |
60369
| null |
60376
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60382",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you express \"A demands B\" in japanese. In the sense that 'demands'\nis being used as a synonym of \"absolutely requires\". But using this expression\ninstead of \"requires\" has a nuance. To me the nuance of this expressions is\nslightly refined or authoritative, or even elitist.\n\nFor example, a luxury car commercial: We see a close up of shiny curves, the\nvoice over says, \n“New thinking demands bold designs\".\n\nOther examples might be;\n\n'creation of the new demands destruction of the old'\n\n'poverty demands action'\n\n'quality demands time'\n\nand so on.\n\n[edit] Looking at side by side corpses I came up with:\n\nA は B を要求します\n\nAnd Then I was advised that IT was better to say:\n\nA には、 B を必要とします。\n\nor\n\nA は B することだ。\n\nBut I'm not sure if the nuance is conveyed.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T23:24:33.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60371",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T06:52:29.367",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T04:25:44.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "26466",
"owner_user_id": "26466",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How would you express \"A demands B\" in japanese",
"view_count": 133
}
|
[
{
"body": "The subject of 要求する usually has to be a human. When the subject is an\ninanimate idea, \"A demands B\" is a typical\n[物主構文](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32449/5010) (\"thing-as-a-subject\nconstruction\") sentence that looks fairly odd to the eyes of Japanese people\nif translated too literally.\n\nAはBを必要とする and AにはBが必要だ will look far more natural. If you need the nuance of\n\"absolutely\", you can use\n[不可欠](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E6%AC%A0), 必要不可欠 or\n[必須](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%BF%85%E9%A0%88) instead of 必要.\n\n> * 新たなものの創造には古いものの破壊が不可欠だ。\n> * 貧困に対処が必要だ。\n> * 品質の向上には時間が必須だ。\n>\n\n(For the first one, I would prefer a free translation like\n新たな発想は大胆なデザインから生まれる)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T05:25:59.113",
"id": "60382",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T06:52:29.367",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T06:52:29.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60371",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60371
|
60382
|
60382
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The Japanese language uses counters to count different kinds of items, animals\nas well as people such as 一本 to count a long cylindric object or 二枚 two count\nflat objects (in thi case two flat objects). However, I have been wondering if\nthis system is original to the Japanese language or if it was imported and\nadopted from Chinese.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T00:04:04.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60372",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T15:19:24.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20088",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"counters"
],
"title": "Are Japanese counters an adoption from the Chinese language?",
"view_count": 457
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese already had counters before Chinese contact, but only a few. After\nChinese they increased a lot.\n\nOld Japanese (Nara period, before the Sinification of the language) had a\nhandful of true counters:\n\n * _-pasira_ (modern _hashira_ ), used to count Deities and Emperors.\n\n> _pîmê kamï **yö-pasira** [四柱] nö sumê kamï_… \n> the Princess Deities, the Four Imperial Deities… (2)\n\n * _-tari_ / _-ri_ , for counting people (still seen in 一人 _hitori_ , 二人 _futari_ , and in Old Japanese also _mitari_ etc.)\n\n * The generic _-tu_ (modern _-tsu_ ), used with most numerals (including 10000, _yörö-du_ , but not all numerals; e.g. 100 _momo_ , 10 _töwö_ (> _tō_ ) or 500 _ipo_ (> _io_ ) were used directly). Maybe this began as a number suffix; but the contrast between e.g. _ya-tu_ , never used for people, and _ya-tari_ , only for people, means that by Old Japanese time it was starting to work as a very general classifier for anything non-human (animals included).\n\n * _-ka_ for days, still visible in fossils like 二十日 _hatsuka_.\n\nIt had also had counter-style usage of words like:\n\n * _-tuka_ 束 (modern _tsuka_ ), for a handful of grain (used in religious liturgies only).\n\n * _-pê_ (modern _-e_ ), for layers, comparable to English -fold.\n\n> _ama nö **yapê-kumô** [八重雲] wo…_ \n> the eightfold heavenly clouds…\n\n * _-maki_ 巻, for volumes;\n\n * etc.\n\nThis system seems somewhat incipient and limited; yet it provided a syntax for\ntrue counters, of the same type seen in other counter-based languages (that\nis, for expressions of the form \"three X of Ys\", where X and Y are not the\nsame word, and X is not a quantity measurement, as in 三人の人/三つのりんご). It's true\nthat the system expanded explosively after Chinese contact: both the number\nand the usage of counters increased dramatically. But Chinese-style counters\nprobably only took so well to Japanese because Japanese already had the\ninfrastructure in place.\n\nSources:\n\n * Downing, _Numeral classifier systems: The case of Japanese_.\n * Bentley, _A Descriptive Grammar of Early Old Japanese Prose_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T12:13:55.687",
"id": "60388",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T15:19:24.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"parent_id": "60372",
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60372
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60388
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60379",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 我輩はノイクレザント卿騎士である。 \n> この惑星を **滅ぼさんと** 企む悪の魔法使いの手より姫を守りし \n> 世界を滅亡から救うためはせ参じた公貴の力を貸して欲しい\n\nThe bold part is the one I don't really understand, the rest is included for\ncontext. What function is \"と\" serving here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T02:06:52.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60377",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T02:49:42.077",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T02:36:48.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "27104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What function does と serve in this phrase?",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[
{
"body": "This と itself is a plain old quotative particle. The part before this と is the\ncontent of the evil wizard's 企み.\n\n> 「この惑星を滅ぼさん」と企む悪の魔法使いの手より姫を守りし... \n> ... (who) protected Princess from the clutches of the evil wizard who\n> attempts to destroy this planet\n\nIn case you've missed it, this 滅ぼさん is an archaic version of 滅ぼそう, or \"I will\ndestroy.\"\n\n * [archaic -an conjugation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14414/5010)\n * [What is the verb ending of われん mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33867/5010)\n * [Is there a difference between んがため and ために?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5396/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T02:33:01.467",
"id": "60379",
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60377
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60379
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60379
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{
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"body": "I understand that ～てください is the polite request form, and that both ～てくれ and\nsimply using the ～て form are both more colloquial. I'm just not sure how they\ncompare, my guess would be that ～てくれ is more rough, but I'm not sure.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T04:46:07.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60381",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-08-19T01:37:16.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"colloquial-language",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "Is there a difference in (im)politeness between ～てくれ and ～て？",
"view_count": 194
}
|
[
{
"body": "In the case of making requests, て on its own is just a shortened version of\nてください which isn't that much more informal than ～てください. ～てくれ is using the\nimperative form of くれる which is _much_ more forward and commanding than ください\nor て. So, your intuition is spot on. A more polite way of てくれ would be\nsomething like ～てくれないか or ～てくれませんか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T17:47:46.433",
"id": "60557",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-19T01:32:27.843",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-19T01:32:27.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30657",
"parent_id": "60381",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
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60381
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60557
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{
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"body": "I've just noticed that in the 逆転裁判/Ace Attorney series, the interjection\ntranslated as \"Hold it!\" is 「待った！」I would understand if it was 「待って！」, but why\nwould the past tense be used as an interjection? \"Waited!\" doesn't seem to\nmake much sense.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T08:47:20.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60384",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T09:18:59.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"colloquial-language",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "待った！ as an interjection",
"view_count": 58
}
|
[] |
60384
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "After looking through a few questions on here, I came across the idea of the\nfollowing being ambiguous.\n\n> 私が好きな人\n\nApparently this can have the double meaning of 'the person I like' and 'the\nperson who likes me'. Grammatically, I don't understand how this work. I was\nunder the impression that が indicated the subject. Surely then the only\ninterpretation is 'the person who likes me'?\n\nAs an additional question, if the above is allowed to have both meanings, then\nwhy can't 「私は猫がすきです。」 mean \"I like cats\" and \"A cat likes me\"?\n\nSo in summary, how do these meanings work grammatically?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T10:04:49.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60385",
"last_activity_date": "2021-04-22T02:46:44.203",
"last_edit_date": "2021-04-22T02:46:44.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30370",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"ambiguous-relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Relative Clause Ambiguous",
"view_count": 541
}
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[
{
"body": "Japanese relative clauses are much simpler than the English equivalent, in\nthat they do not specify the grammatical role of the modified noun using\nrelative pronouns such as \"where\". They work by changing the word order and\n_removing_ the particle in the original sentence. Therefore, a Japanese\nrelative clause can sometimes result in an ambiguous expression, and you may\nhave to determine the true meaning by the context.\n\nLet's start from these plain sentences:\n\n> * A1) 私は その人が 好きだ。 I like that person.\n> * B1) その人は 私が 好きだ。 That person likes me.\n>\n\nI hope these are easy enough to you. They obviously have different meanings.\nNext, let's construct relative clauses from these using [this\nrule](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010). But let's pull out the\nsame word, (その)人 for both cases. As a rule, は in a relative clause turns to が,\nand だ/です becomes な:\n\n> * A2) [ 私 **が** ＿＿ 好き **な** ] 人 the person who I like\n> * B2) [ ＿＿ 私が 好き **な** ] 人 the person who likes me\n>\n\nSee how the particle after 人 was removed. Now A2 and B2 suddenly look\nidentical! This is why 私が好きな人 is ambiguous.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [が in subordinate clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30171/5010)\n * [How is the subject of this subclause made clear?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54666/5010)\n * [Relative clauses types and confusion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39551/5010)\n\n* * *\n\n**Note** : 私は猫がすき is actually ambiguous, at least theoretically, and it can\nmean \"It's the cat that likes _me_ \" in a certain rare context (see [this\ncomment](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/17857/%E7%A7%81%E3%81%AF%E7%8C%AB%E3%81%8C%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D-and-%E7%8C%AB%E3%81%AF%E7%A7%81%E3%81%8C%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D#comment41060_17859)).\nThis is due to the fact that は also has a contrastive function and が also has\na exhaustive-listing function, but beginners may forget this fact for now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T14:35:43.677",
"id": "60393",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60385",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
60385
| null |
60393
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60390",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "From a manga. A guy wants a girl to become his property. She retorts:\n\n> あんたみたいな奴のものになんか (new bubble) 死んだってなるもんか！！\n\nI get that she doesn't want to.\n\nI think the translation might be something like \"The property of someone like\nyou?! I'd rather die!\"\n\nI'm puzzled by the construction of 死んだってなるもんか. I know that もんか is like a\nrhetoric question. Is Vだって the \"even if\" たって? How does that sentence work?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T11:52:54.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60386",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T18:37:34.423",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27499",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What is 死んだってなるもんか",
"view_count": 266
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, 死んだって just means \"even if I (must) die\", which is inserted between ものに\nand なる. (～に)なる here is a plain verb, \"to become\". The sentence makes perfect\nsense without this clause:\n\n> あんたみたいな奴のものになんか **なる** もんか!! \n> I won't **become** (such a thing as) the property of someone like you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T12:47:13.740",
"id": "60390",
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"score": 3
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{
"body": "あんたみたいな奴のものになんか (new bubble) 死んだってなるもんか！！\n\nIt's wordier and in reverse order (for more emphasis) in the original Japanese\nbut it boils down to, \"I'd rather be dead than be someone like YOU!!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T18:32:31.923",
"id": "60401",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T18:37:34.423",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T18:37:34.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "27576",
"owner_user_id": "27576",
"parent_id": "60386",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60386
|
60390
|
60390
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{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "このバックパックはよさそう **な** ので、買うつもりです。\n\n'Because this backpack looks good, I intend to buy it.'\n\nFollowing ~sou there is a 'na' placed before the 'node'. Why is this the case?\nIs it because of the ~sou implemented in the sentence? Furthermore, would the\nsentence still be grammatically correct even if the 'na' was not there?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T12:17:18.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60389",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T14:12:24.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30753",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Why is there a 'な' before ’ので’ in this sentence?",
"view_count": 916
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm assuming you know the meaning of ので and what nominals and the extended\npredicate are.\n\nよさそう is a nominal (名詞、な形容詞、etc.). All nominals take な before the の of the\nextended predicate (e.g. それなんです、分かるんだよ、高いんです）.\n\nので actually uses the の of the extended predicate (combined with で、which here\nis not the particle but rather is the gerund of the copula だ・です).\n\nIn short, the rule is nominal+な+extended predicate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T13:15:23.560",
"id": "60391",
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{
"body": "> 「このバックパックはよさそう **な** ので、買{か}うつもりです。」\n\n「ので」 can only attach to the 連体形{れんたいけい} (\"attributive form\") of a conjugated\nword. It simply cannot attach to any other conjugated form by \"rules\".\n\n「そう **な** 」 is the 連体形 of the auxiliary verb 「そう **だ** 」; therefore, that is\nthe **_only_** correct form that can directly precede 「ので」.\n\nThus, you **_cannot_** ever say 「そう **だ** ので」、「そう **だろ** ので」、「そう **で** ので」、「そう\n**に** ので」 or 「そう **なら** ので」.\n\n> Furthermore, would the sentence still be grammatically correct even if the\n> 'na' was not there?\n\nNo, it never would. 「そうので」 is simply ungrammatical because, as I stated above,\n「そう」 is not the 連体形 of a word.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T14:12:24.920",
"id": "60392",
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"score": 2
}
] |
60389
| null |
60392
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60395",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found the term 消しゴム but the definition refers to a pencil eraser. Is there a\nname for a blackboard eraser? Thank you.\n\n<https://jisho.org/word/%E6%B6%88%E3%81%97%E3%82%B4%E3%83%A0>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T15:49:19.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60394",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T15:52:02.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the name for a blackboard eraser?",
"view_count": 308
}
|
[
{
"body": "「黒板消{こくばんけ}し」 would be just about the only term ever used.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T15:52:02.767",
"id": "60395",
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60394
|
60395
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60395
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I have taught my kids to answer adults with \" **Yes sir/ma'am** \" as both a\nsign of respect, and as confirmation that they were actually listening.\n\nI'm wondering if there's an equivalent in Japanese. My gut says\n\n * 「 **わかりました** 」 is both fine and acceptable, but lacks any real element of respect.\n * 「 **了解（です）** 」 seems too stiff and/or \"military\".\n * 「 **承知しました** 」・「 **かしこまりました** 」 seem too \"service industry\" for kids to be using.\n\nIs there something else that children use? Is my gut feeling wrong about any\nof the above? Or is this a social \"level\" that just isn't taught to Japanese\nchildren?\n\nHere are a couple articles, though admittedly they are aimed at adults in the\nworkplace, so not sure if it's also applicable to children.\n\n * [「わかる」を敬語で表す言葉とは](https://careerpark.jp/55058)\n * [「分かる」の正しい敬語の使い方とNG例【尊敬語・謙譲語】](https://careerpark.jp/34418)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T16:03:03.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60396",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T20:02:15.717",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T20:02:15.717",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Equivalent of \"Yes sir/ma'am\" for children",
"view_count": 2354
}
|
[
{
"body": "I teach in several different elementary schools in Japan, and there is a whole\nslew of language that children are taught to use as they go through their day.\nBut whereas in English, words like \"ma'am\" or \"sir\" are necessary to\ndistinguish that someone is being polite, the very nature of formal vs.\ninformal speech patterns in Japan make politeness (or excessive casualness)\nobvious.\n\nThere is no \"more polite\" version of わかりました necessary, as a response to being\nasked to do something, because the formality of the word is built into the\n**ます** form.\n\nThe use of a given teacher's family name and 先生 generally replace the need for\n\"sir\" or \"ma'am\" in a school setting. Outside of school, words like JACK\nsuggested, お兄さん or お姉さん are sometimes used, but generally simply using polite\nforms of speech are enough.\n\nIf a teacher made a request and the student replied with わかった, it might strike\nsomeone as too informal (depending on the school... I have some fairly relaxed\ncoworkers).\n\nCommon examples of things kids are taught to say during a school day include:\n\n * answering questions from the teacher, or responding to their name being called by first saying はい! in a clear voice.\n\n * knocking at the door, opening and saying 失礼｛しつれい｝ **します** 。 before addressing the teacher or requesting something from the people in the teachers' office.\n\n * saying 失礼 **しました** 。before closing the door to the office after their business is done.\n\nagain, it's this ending that shows the children are speaking with respect.\nThis is the Japanese equivalent of English speaking kids needing to use words\nlike \"sir\" or \"ma'am\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T16:44:48.870",
"id": "60398",
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}
] |
60396
| null |
60398
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60406",
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"body": "I am attempting to practice my writing and I'm having a difficult time when it\ncomes to the situation I'm trying to describe.\n\n> Original Sentence:\n>\n> I have seen coworkers fix work done by others in order to make it\n> presentable to a boss.\n>\n> My translation to Japanese:\n>\n> 僕は上司に提出を整う他人が仕事を仕上げる同僚が作を直すのを見た。\n\nMy question is not really about the translation of the sentence itself, but\nmore about how should / how are relative clauses structured. In general I\nunderstand relative clauses, but when a sentence starts to get complex I get a\nbe bit lost.\n\nI would not be surprised if when my Japanese translation got translated back\ninto English the meaning would be very different or not what I intended.\nSomething like: I have seen coworkers fix work in order for others to make it\npresentable so a boss could fix problems\n\nWhen working with relative clauses I always see them as being \"chained\"\n\n> For example you have:\n>\n> [Phrase 1][Phrase 2][Phrase 3][Phrase N-1]...[Phrase N]\n>\n> Phrase N gives more information to Phrase N-1 and so on and so forth\n\nIs this way of thinking correct? Also how does a added は effect this chain? I\nwant to believe the last verb used in the [Phrase N-1]...[Phrase N] sentence\nis what the object marked by は is going to do/is doing, but I am not sure",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-25T18:09:38.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60399",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T02:43:53.260",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T18:22:10.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "30339",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Trouble describing a situation and the use of relative clauses",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, you want to state what was said, witnessed, or done toward the\nbeginning of the phrase, then the fact that it was said, witnessed, or done at\nthe end.\n\nSecond, who it was done for (the boss) should be placed toward the beginning\nas well.\n\nThird, the purpose for doing performing an action should be shown before\nlisting the resulting action that was taken.\n\n> [I have seen] [coworkers fix work done by others] [in order to make it\n> presentable] [to a boss].\n\nShould be reordered as shown below:\n\n> [To a boss] [in order to make it presentable] [coworkers fix work done by\n> others] [I have seen].\n\nWhile in English we tend to place the most relevant verb at the beginning of\nthe sentence, in Japanese this would be placed at the end. Following are a few\nexample sentences with the English version showing placement of the verb at\nthe beginning versus Japanese showing relevant verb placement at the end.\n\n> **I did not** buy the thing because it was expensive. 高いから買うのを **やめた** 。\n>\n> **I said** that (he) should not buy the thing because it was expensive.\n> 高いから買うのはやめた方がいいと **僕は言った** 。\n>\n> Despite the thing being expensive, **I witnessed** him purchase it.\n> 高いけど、彼が買うのを **見た** 。\n\nTo use your vocabulary as much as possible, while substituting ‘report’ for\n‘work’, I would phrase the translation in the following order:\n\n> ［上司に］［まともなリポートを出すため（に）］、［提出者が同僚の知識に頼るのを］［私は見たことがある］。\n\nor another possible phrasing:\n\n> ［まともなリポートを［上司に］出すため（に）］、［提出者の同僚がリポートを訂正するのを］［見たことがある。］\n\nI have taken liberty with changing the 'work done by others' part to\n'presenter (of the report)', as it sounds clearer and less wordy in my mind.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T23:54:38.020",
"id": "60406",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T02:43:53.260",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "60399",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60399
|
60406
|
60406
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60404",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say that I work in an office. I researched both terms. Shitsu is a\nroom, but I assumed that sho is used more for location. Which term is more\nappropriate to use?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T18:24:59.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60400",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T08:07:06.807",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T21:03:06.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 事務室 and 事務所?",
"view_count": 830
}
|
[
{
"body": "～室 is for a room, and ～所 is for a facility which usually has more than one\nroom.\n\nIf \"office\" refers to a certain room in an organization, use 事務室. If \"office\"\nrefers to an entire building, floor or organization, use 事務所.\n\n**EDIT** : The same is true for the translation of \"laboratory\"; you have to\ncorrectly choose between 研究室 and 研究所.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T20:23:39.210",
"id": "60404",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T08:07:06.807",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T08:07:06.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60400",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
60400
|
60404
|
60404
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I think I understand the meaning thanks to the context, but I don't understand\nwhy the first verb is in te form and the second in masu stem after a は\nparticle(i.e.,I don't understand the structure used)?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FEVs2.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T19:17:06.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60402",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T20:05:28.103",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T19:23:25.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Trouble with 出ては消え in this sentence",
"view_count": 74
}
|
[] |
60402
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60420",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "廾 is part of kanjis like 弁 . is part of kanjis like 発. In Wikipedia 廾 is\nlisted to mean \"2 hands\" or \"twenty\". is the same? or does it have another\nmeaning?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T20:04:09.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60403",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T10:39:12.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "is a variant of 廾, or is it another radical with another meaning?",
"view_count": 201
}
|
[
{
"body": "Directly answering the question: no,「」is not a variant of「廾」, although under\nsome very special circumstances they may be interpreted as being related.\n\n> is part of kanjis like 発\n\nIdeographic description sequences may list it as such out of _organisational\nconvenience_ , but the fact is the bottom of「発」is just a type of shorthand for\nthe bottom of「發」. **「」is just a shape; don't try to interpret meaning into\nit.**\n\nBecause「」is not a character consciously created with a word in mind, it has no\nmeaning at all, and the closest we can get is digging up definitions of things\nwith similar shapes.\n\n* * *\n\nSimilar shape (1): **Variant of「九」** , as recorded in\n[《字彙補》](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%99%E8%A3%9C):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V01rf.png)\n\nThis is just another way of styling「九」in regular script.「九」originally depicted\na bent arm; the meaning _nine_ is a phonetic loan. Here are some other ways of\nstylising ancient forms of「九」(not necessarily in regular script):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4eEZd.png)\n\nSimilar shape (2): **Variant of「攀」** , as recorded in\n[Jiyun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiyun):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3Rqho.png)\n\nThis is the official [Shuowen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi)\nvariant, whereas「攀」is the modern form but also an older form than the Shuowen\ncharacter, and is attested in the Warring States period. In digital form, the\nShuowen character is more likely to be represented by「」. For reference, the\nShuowen form looks like\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5ESIf.png)\n\ndepicting _pulling/climbing_ , and is the _two hands_ 「廾」mentioned in the\nquestion turned inside out:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2WZ0m.png)\n\n_Samples of_ 「廾」 _. (Left) Oracle bone sample. (Right) Shuowen seal form._\n\n* * *\n\nThere is only one common variant of _two hands_ 「廾」:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Fhvn2.png)\n\nAs a character component, these two variants literally looked like two hands\n(as per the oracle bone and seal forms given above), and weren't distinguished\nuntil much later (with no semantic difference). Some common characters with\nthis component:\n\n * 「開」, two hands opening a latched door「閂」> _open_ :\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LAJVa.png)\n\n * 「兵」, two hands holding an axe「斤」> _weapon, soldier_ :\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xBffe.png)\n\n * 「典」, two hands holding a bunch of scrolls > _book_ :\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/R94WA.png)\n\n * 「興」, **four hands** lifting a tray「凡」(later「同」) > _rise_ > _excitement, interest, pleasure_\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9I1uJ.png)\n\n * 「弄」, two hands playing with a piece of jade「玉」> _to play around with, tamper with_\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/o8C6d.png)\n\n* * *\n\nFinally, _twenty_ should not be considered as an important definition for「廾」.\nPeople may have written _twenty_ this way in some books due to the similarity\nin shape of「廾」to「卄」and「廿」, but only the latter two hold the primary definition\nof _twenty_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T10:39:12.550",
"id": "60420",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T10:39:12.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "60403",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60403
|
60420
|
60420
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60410",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I found this explanation but I don't really understand it.\n\n> 【１】「 **問い** 」は、単に尋ね聞くこと。\n>\n> 【２】「 **質問**\n> 」は、広く一般的に疑問点を問う場合に用いる。教室や会議など公の場での問いに用いることが多いが、私的、個人的な場でも用いる。([source](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/11087/meaning/m0u/%E5%95%8F%E3%81%84/))",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-25T22:44:23.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60405",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T05:09:02.470",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 問い and 質問?",
"view_count": 1171
}
|
[
{
"body": "問い{とい}, which is sometimes shortened to 問{とい} is mostly used only in\nexaminations, as in 問い1 (Question 1). 質問{しつもん} is the general term you call a\nsentence that asks for information, as in 先生、質問があります。(Teacher, I have a\nquestion.) You can call a question on an examination as a 質問, but you cannot\nrefer to a question you ask someone as a 問い.\n\nWhile we're at it, there are at least two other Japanese words that are also\ntranslated into English as \"question\" and that is 問題{もんだい} and 疑問{ぎもん}. 問題 is\njust the same as 問い when referring to questions (or problems) on an\nexamination. 疑問 means doubt, or a matter that needs to be dealt with or\nconsidered as in その必要性{ひつようせい}について疑問が生{しょう}じる (A question arises as to whether\nit is necessary.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T01:09:45.160",
"id": "60408",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T01:09:45.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "60405",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "My opinion is different from what the dictionary says...\n\nAs a noun, 問い is perhaps closer to _problem_ , but is a fairly literary and\n\"big\" word. Basically it's only used in the following cases:\n\n 1. In serious examinations, where [～せよ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/49010/5010) is still used. \n\n> 以下の **問い** に日本語で答えよ。\n\n 2. Important and fundamental questions/problems that may not have an answer (philosophical question, political question, ...). \n\n> * そのニュースは、平和とは何なのかという **問い** を国民に投げかけた。\n> * 「時間とは何か」という **問い** に物理学者は挑んでいる。\n\n 3. As a stiff synonym for (good) 疑問 in a context related to education. \n\n> 英語学習における初心者の **問い** に答える記事\n\n 4. In old novels, stiff literary works, etc. \n\n> よく五音をいい分け、人と問答会話するをもって、なんぴとにてもこの怪声に対し **問い** を発せば、いちいちその答えを得という\n> ([source](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001021/files/49268_42258.html))\n\n質問 is a common word, and it refers to a question thrown to somebody else,\nexpecting a concrete answer, either casually or formally. \"Where is the\nstation?\" is a typical 質問 but usually not called a 問い. If you ask something to\nyourself (\"What should I do next?\"), that's never a 質問, either.\n\nMaybe we can add this to [\"wago is more stiff than kango equivalent\"\nlist](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/58363/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T04:31:44.317",
"id": "60410",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T05:09:02.470",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T05:09:02.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60405",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60405
|
60410
|
60410
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60409",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Argentina (I'm not sure if it counts for other spanish speaking countries)\nwhen we have doubts before saying something, sometimes we say \"ehhhh\", this\ncan be done voluntarily or involuntarily, sometimes having doubts before\nspeaking will trigger \"ehhhh\"'s without we want it to say it, not done\npurposely to express doubt. Is eto a word with a similar function? This looks\nso to me in films, but may be it's nothing like that. What is eto for or what\ndoes it mean exactly?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T00:20:18.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60407",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T05:46:56.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"interjections"
],
"title": "Can eto be used to show doubt before speaking or it's another kind of interjection?",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "Sorry I don't know the \"ehhhh\" in Argentina, but I know ええと{eeto} and it's not\nan interjection, basing on the definition of interjection under [Merriam\nWebster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/interjection). ええと is what\nyou say when you are still thinking of the exact words that you really want to\nsay, but just don't want the person you are talking to, to wait. It's like\n\"er..\", \"uhhh\", \"well...\", etc. in English. For example:\n\n> Question: [明日]{Ashita}[の]{no}[飲み会]{nomikai}[は]{wa}[参加]{sanka}[しますか]{shimasu\n> ka}。\n>\n> Are you coming to tomorrow's drinking party?\n>\n> Answer: ええと{Eeto}、まだ{mada}[決めていない]{kimete inai}のですが{no desu\n> ga}[今夜]{konya}[帰る]{kaeru}までに{made\n> ni}[決める]{kimeru}ので{node}、[もう]{mou}[少し]{sukoshi}[待って]{matte}くれる{kureru}？\n>\n> Uh...I still haven't decided on that, but I will before leaving tonight. Can\n> you wait some more?\n\nHowever, as pointed out by Halfway Dillitante, it could also show hesitation\nor doubt especially when in combination with facial expressions or tone of\nvoice. In the same example, the person being asked may have actually decided\nwhether to come or not, but just didn't want to give his answer straight away.\nIn Japanese society, outright refusal can sometimes be frowned upon. This is\nsimilar to situations when Japanese say [難しい]{muzukashii} when they actually\nwanted to say \"No\" to something like a request or invitation but didn't want\nto offend the person asking.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T03:18:00.947",
"id": "60409",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T05:46:56.940",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "60407",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60407
|
60409
|
60409
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I was doing some N4 practice questions and came across this sentence\n\n先生に すっかり ごちそうになって おみやげ まで いただいてしまいました。\n\nI'm not sure what まで is supposed to mean in this context?\n\nMy general understanding of the sentence's meaning is 'I was treated very well\nby my teacher and I received some omiyage from them' but I can't see how まで\nplays into all this.\n\nIf anyone knows if this is a different usage of まで that I haven't learnt yet\nthat would be great!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T04:54:31.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60411",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T06:41:27.920",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T05:21:40.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30756",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-usage",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Unsure about this usage of the word まで",
"view_count": 86
}
|
[] |
60411
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60419",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this conversation from a Japanese learning website and I don't\nunderstand a phrase here. Please help!\n\nQuestion: What does それだけかかってしまうんですね mean here?\n\nDoes だけ here imply that that the fee that varies from distance alone will cost\nyou a lot already, not to mention other fees like...\n\n> 電話で男の学生と引越し会社の人が話しています。\n>\n> 男：あっ、もしもし。あの、ちょっと急なんですが、来週東京から北海道に引っ 越したいんです。私、 学生なんですが、できるだけ安い引越しの方法ないかな\n> ぁって思ってるんですが。\n>\n> 女：いくつかプランがございますが、学生さんでしたら、学生パックという割安 なプランがございます。 ただ、大型家具がある場合には、別料金となります。\n>\n> 男：そうですか。ベッドとあと、大きめの本棚が二つあるんで。\n>\n> 女：ああ、そうしますと、かえって高くなりますね。\n>\n> 男：そうですか。\n>\n> 女：えっと、トラック便というのが、ご利用の多い一般的なプランなんですが、そうですね、お客様の\n> 場合、北海道までということで、かなり距離がありますので、料金のほうも **それだけかかってしまうんですね**\n> 。むしろ、鉄道を利用した鉄道便を利用されたほうがお得になります。ただ、鉄道便ですと、荷物の扱いが若干荒い場合がございますので、壊れやすい電機製品ですとか、楽器などがある場合は、お勧めできないんですが。\n>\n> 男：そうですか。\n>\n> 女：それと、ほかに同じトラック輸送でも、「エコノミー便」と申しまして、ほかのお客様のお荷物と\n> 一緒に運ばせていただく方法ですね。こちらですと、トラック便に比べて、4 割ほどお安くなりますが、 お荷物の到着までにお時間をいただきます。\n>\n> 男：へえ、そうですか。何日ぐらいかかるんですか。\n>\n> 女：そうですね。一週間程度でしょうか。同じ方面に運ぶ荷物が集まった時点で出発いたしますので、 そのときの状況によって変わってくるんですが。\n>\n> 男：そんなにかかるんじゃ、ちょっと困るよなぁ。...ううん、家具は多いけど、特別壊れやすいもの もないし、じゃあ。\n\nSource: <http://japanesetest4you.com/pdf/n1-listening-7.pdf>\n\n(I don't know whether the site creator is here at stackexchange or not, but\nanyway thanks so much for the great resources. I hope I'm not doing anything\nillegally. Just for educational purposes.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T09:00:58.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60416",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T10:42:51.243",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T10:16:11.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-だけ"
],
"title": "What does それだけかかってしまうんですね in this conversation mean?",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[
{
"body": "This それだけ means \"to that extent\", \"as much\", \"accordingly\" or\n\"correspondingly\", referring to the long distance from Tokyo to Hokkaido. It\ncan be rephrased as その(長い)距離に応じて.\n\nだけ here is used in the same way as the \"as much as ～\" construction, as in\n食べたら食べただけ太る, できるだけ頑張ります and 飲みたいだけ飲んでいい.\n\nExamples:\n\n * 食べたらそれだけ太る。\n * 値段は高いが、それだけの価値がある。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T10:11:37.390",
"id": "60419",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T10:42:51.243",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T10:42:51.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60416",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60416
|
60419
|
60419
|
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