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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59898",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading this\n[article](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011498691000/k10011498691000.html)\nabout how air conditioning and electric fans turn into a lot of fires. The\nfinal sentence has put me in a little loop though. I cannot tell if there is a\ndouble conditional being used here or not.\n\nThere is a **と** but then a little later on there is **あったら**. I am not really\nsure what is intended by the **と**. I know that **と** has multiple meanings,\nbut I am unsure if it should be translated to a 'if' or a 'when'. Also another\nmajor bump for me is the **あったら** as I have only seen the たら-form being used\nas a conditional marker. It seems really strange to me to have a double\nconditional, but ultimately I am unsure\n\n> 特に２０年以上使っている古いエアコンや扇風機を使うときは、変な音がするなどいつも **と** 違うことが **あったら**\n> 使わないでほしいと言っています。\n>\n> My translation: The case for old air conditioning units and electric fans\n> that are in use for at least 20 years, which (if they? [based on と]) are\n> always making strange sounds and (if? [based on たら-form]) they are unusual,\n> these are the ones you do not want to use they said.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T22:18:19.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59893",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T06:55:22.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Confusion about possible double condition in article about fires",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "変な音がするなどいつも **と** 違うことが **あったら**\n\nin this case you are dealing with two fairly commonly heard expressions:\n\nいつも **と** 違う - which means \"different from (the) usual (X)\" or \"different (X)\nfrom the usual one\"\n\nthis phrase is then followed by が **あったら** , which, as you correctly\nidentified, is the conditional of ある and can simply be translated as \"if\"\n\nAs @Chocolate pointed out to me below, the use of **など** after 変な音がする makes\n\"strange sounds\" one of many possible \"different from usual\" conditions,\n\nso the entire phrase would become:\n\n\"if anything is unusual/out of the ordinary such as it making strange\nsounds...\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T22:41:17.290",
"id": "59895",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T06:55:22.493",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T06:55:22.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59893",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 「特に２０年以上使っている古いエアコンや扇風機を使うときは、変な音がするなどいつも **と** 違うことが **あったら**\n> 使わないでほしいと言っています。」\n\nThere is no \"double conditional\" used in this sentence. There is only one,\nwhich is 「あったら」.\n\nThe 「と」 in 「いつもと違う」 is **_not_** the conditional 「と」. You cannot place a\nsimple word like 「いつも」 right in front of the conditional 「と」 in the first\nplace. It would generally take a whole mini-sentence or a verb phrase for the\nfollowing 「と」 to indicate a condition.\n\nThis 「と」 simply indicates a **_standard for comparison_**. The standard is\n「いつも」 here. If you have an いつもと違う something, that will be a deviation. Thus\n「いつもと違う」 just means \" ** _unusual_** \" here.\n\nThe structure of this sentence is:\n\n> \"When using a (certain thing), they would rather not want you to use it\n> **_if_** (Conditions) such as (Example) are found.\"\n\n(certain thing): ２０年以上使っている古いエアコンや扇風機\n\n(Conditions): いつもと違うことがある\n\n(Example): 変な音がする\n\nIn 「～～など」, \"～～\" is an actual example of what is described after the 「など」.\n\nThus, the sentence means:\n\n> \"In particular, in using an old air conditioner or electric fan that has\n> been in use for over 20 years, they are saying that they would rather not\n> want you to use them if you found unusual things with them such as a strange\n> sound being made.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T01:55:55.870",
"id": "59898",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T02:01:56.250",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T02:01:56.250",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59893",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59893
|
59898
|
59898
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59897",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the trailer of the game-based anime [Satsuriku no\nTenshi](https://youtu.be/Jrl00eiOfQA?t=68 \"Satsuriku no Tenshi Trailer\"), at\n1:08 Rachel (the blonde little girl) says \"私を殺して“. Now, as for my limited\njapanese, I would think that she says \"I'll kill you\", because of the を\nparticle besides 私. But as I played the game this anime is based on, she\nactually wants Zack (the other guy) to kill her.\n\nIf so, wouldn't that be \"私を殺されて\"? As Rachel, who's speaking, wants to\n\"receive\" the killing. But even Google Translate traduces \"私を殺して“ as \"kill me\nplease\", leaving 殺す, the infinitive, as \"I'll kill you\".\n\nSo, where am I failing at? What would be the correct form to interpret it so I\nwould understand \"私を殺して“ as \"kill me please\"? Has the te-form have something\nto do with my misinterpretation?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T23:50:04.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59896",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T14:34:22.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4551",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"particle-を",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "殺す vs 殺して vs 殺されて confusion",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "You may be overthinking things.\n\n殺す works pretty much like English 'kill'. 殺して is a request - 'please kill'.\n\n殺される is passive. It works pretty much like English 'be killed'. 殺されて in this\ncontext would be a (rather odd) request - 'please be killed'. It doesn't have\nanything to do with adding a 'receiving' meaning - it's just a syntactic\nchange that shifts participants' grammatical status around. It doesn't change\nanything about the action being described, and it doesn't alter the\nrelationships of the participants to the action.\n\nを marks an object, which is the party affected by an action. If it was 'I'll\nkill you', _you_ is the object, and you'd expect 君を殺す. 殺す on its own doesn't\nspecify anything about who is killing who, and you infer from context. (A side\nnote - Japanese doesn't really have 'infinitives' in the Indo-European sense,\nand 殺す is just the uninflected citation form.)\n\n私を殺されて is possible, but very odd in this usage - when passives in Japanese\ntake objects, the meaning is one of 'I'm negatively affected by this\nhappening', which you wouldn't at all expect in a request.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T00:46:39.900",
"id": "59897",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T14:34:22.307",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T14:34:22.307",
"last_editor_user_id": "3639",
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "59896",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
59896
|
59897
|
59897
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I'm working my way through the Kanzen Master N1 book, having used it for\nall the other levels and, generally, it's a great textbook. It's one flaw is\nthat it never has any explanations for the test questions, unlike the Reading\ntextbook, where it explains why the other answers are incorrect.\n\nSo I'm struggling with this question:\n\n渡辺氏はある団体に多額の寄付をしたが、これは特に評価する（ ）と思う。彼には何か政治的意図があるのだ。\n\n１．ほどのことではない ２．ほどには当たらない ３．までのことではない ４．までには当たらない\n\nI answered 2. I answered it pretty quickly and was fairly sure it fit. It's\none of those questions where I read the whole thing, understood it fairly\neasily and had a sense of what was needed. This makes it more annoying than a\nquestion where you read it and have no idea. As far as I am aware, the\nsentence should read something like:\n\n\"Although Mr. Watanabe has donated huge amounts to various groups, I think\nit's not particularly worthy of praise. He has some political intentions.\"\n\nThe answer is obviously 1. Yet the Kanzen Master textbook describes には当たらない\nas:\n\nそれほど大したことではないから～するのは適当ではない\n\n感情的反応や評価が過度にならないように相手を抑制する言い方、感情・評価を表す動詞「驚く・悲観する・避難するなど」につく\n\nI took that to mean:\n\n\"It's not a big deal (to that degree)~ so X is not appropriate/unsuitable.\n\nIt's way of speaking to restrain\\calm\\suppress others so they don't have an\nexcessive emotional response or evaluation of something\"\n\nNow, it's easier to understand it's use when it's with emotional verbs like 驚く\n(\"there's no need to be surprised\") but doesn't they explanation also cover\n評価する in terms of \"there's no need to admire/praise/evaluate (something to that\ndegree)\"?\n\nI asked a Japanese person and she immediately ruled out には当たらない and said it\nwas easy to discount those two answers, but when asked to explain, she said it\nwas difficult and that grammar just didn't feel right.\n\nSo I'm at a bit of a loss! Any help would be greatly appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T02:08:42.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59899",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T06:50:58.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20266",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Kanzen Master N1 Question Help - ほどのことではない vs ほどには当たらない",
"view_count": 345
}
|
[
{
"body": "You have to say one of:\n\n * 評価するほどのことではない\n * 評価するほどではない\n * 評価するにはあたらない (without ほど/まで)\n\nThe first two with ほど say it's not good _enough_ to be praised (although it's\nappreciated to a certain degree). The last one just says it's not worth\npraising (the author doesn't like it at all).\n\n評価するまでのことではない may not be wrong, but it's at least very rare. There are zero\nexamples of までのことではない on BCCWJ, as compared to 25 examples of ほどのことではない.\n評価するほどにはあたらない and 評価するまでにはあたらない sound unnatural to me, too (zero results on\nBCCWJ). I'm not saying they are severely ungrammatical, but I don't usually\nsee sentences like these anyway.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T06:34:36.267",
"id": "59903",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T06:50:58.187",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T06:50:58.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59899",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59899
| null |
59903
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59901",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Apparently, according to my textbook, いえ can be 家 in Kanji. But うち can't.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T05:13:25.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59900",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T10:19:45.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the difference between いえ and うち?",
"view_count": 438
}
|
[
{
"body": "家 - Refers to a physical house or home (i.e., the building itself)\n\nうち - Describes the meta-physical 'house' or 'home'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T06:13:31.747",
"id": "59901",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T10:19:45.253",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T10:19:45.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "26635",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"parent_id": "59900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59900
|
59901
|
59901
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been wondering about the difference between verb stem (e.g. 話) vs. の\n(e.g. 話すの) nominalizations.\n\nFrom what I gather, they refer to different things. It seems the verb stems\nrefer to the objects involved in the doing (like those used in を). For\nexample, life in relation to living (暮らし in relation to 暮らす) and speech in\nrelation to speaking (話 vs. 話す).\n\nWhile の refers to the act itself (described by the verb). So, for example, (as\nI have a sore throat), 話すのは難しい。(i.e. the act of speaking is difficult). Am I\nright about this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T06:29:53.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59902",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T19:07:30.900",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-20T17:47:31.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30276",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nominalization",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Verb Stem vs. の Nominalizations",
"view_count": 665
}
|
[
{
"body": "**So in the case of 話す：**\n\n話すの nominalizes the verb - it means \"talking\" as in \"talking is hard\".\n\n> 人前で話すのは怖いよ。 \n> Speaking in front of people is hard.\n\n話 never was a verb, it was always a noun that means \"a talk/speech など\"\n\n> 警官は犯罪者の話を聞いた。 \n> The policeman listened to the criminal's story/speech (話).\n\n**To use the other verb you suggested, 暮らす**\n\n暮らすの would mean \"living\" as \"(The thing of) living somewhere...\"\n\n> アパートで暮らすのは意外と楽なんですよ。 \n> Surprisingly, living in an apartment has been great.\n\nWhere as 暮らし would mean \"life (somewhere)\", a very frequently used word is\n一人暮らし｛ひとりぐらし｝ which is a noun meaning \"life living by one's self\".\n\n> 大学に行ったとき、アパートを借りて、一人暮らしを始めた。 \n> When I went to college, I rented an apartment and started life on my own.\n\nRemember not all \"verb stems\" are independent nouns. For example 食べ is not a\nnoun.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T23:35:04.873",
"id": "59929",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-10T08:27:24.647",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-10T08:27:24.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "59902",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59902
| null |
59929
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59907",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Which is the closest interpretation for「新着順」(しんちゃくじゅん) in English:\n\n\"In order of arrival\"\n\n\"Newest Arrivals\"\n\n新着 - 'new arrivals' or 'new acquisitions'\n\n順 - 'order'\n\nThus, a literal combination of the two leads to 'New arrivals/acquisitions in\norder'.\n\nThis term is used to describe a sorted list of items, thus I believe 'Newest\nArrivals' is the smoothest interpretation.\n\nIs my conclusion accurate?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T07:22:49.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59904",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T08:02:05.577",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-28T04:07:28.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "26635",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nouns"
],
"title": "新着順 English Meaning",
"view_count": 171
}
|
[
{
"body": "Simply put, 「新着順」 means the same thing as \" ** _reverse chronological order_**\n\", in which items are listed from newest to oldest.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T09:54:10.547",
"id": "59907",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T09:54:10.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59904",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "maybe it helps if you split it this way:\n\n新着 - new arrivals\n\n順 - suffix for “[sorting] order”, but think of it as “first”.\n\nI.e. 新着順 would be “show new arrivals first”.\n\nYou can try this approach in e.g. sorting options at NicoVideo:\n\n適合率の高い順 - “high relevance order”, i.e. sort by relevance\n\n新しい番組順 - “new program order”, i.e. sort by newest or show newest first\n\n視聴者が多い順 - big number of viewers order, i.e. sort by number of viewers\n\nコメントが多い順 - big number of comments order, i.e. sort by number of comments",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T08:02:05.577",
"id": "60479",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T08:02:05.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "59904",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59904
|
59907
|
59907
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59916",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question: そうした逆風の中、潜在的な需要を掘り起こそうと各社とも知恵を絞った対策に乗り出しています。\n\nFor full context:\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/business_tokushu/2018_0621.html?utm_int=news_contents_tokushu_004>\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"All companies certainly set out to new measures\nwhich squeezed out wisdom, trying to dig up potential demand in the midst of\nsuch adversary circumstances (=\"adverse wind\").\"\n\nI'm also not sure whether I interpreted the use of volitional form correctly\nhere, so some feedback on this part would be nice as well.\n\nI think that I know where the phrase 知恵を絞った is going, but I lack the\ncreativity to come up with a proper translation, since the literal one\ndefinitely is very very \"clunky\" and almost incomprehensible. I think its\nabout \"using all their brain power\" to come up with a good idea to deal with\nthe problem at hand.\n\nFinally, jisho outputted とも as the particle meaning \"certainly\". It definitely\nworks here, although I wonder whether the algorithm parsed correctly because\nit doesn't add much. On the other hand, splitting it into と and も seems wrong\nto me. So I just wanted to ask for confirmation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T07:52:14.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59905",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T15:13:36.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "How to translate particle とも and 絞る?",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「そうした逆風{ぎゃくふう}の中{なか}、潜在的{せんざいてき}な需要{じゅよう}を掘{ほ}り起{お}こそうと各社{かくしゃ} **とも**\n> 知恵{ちえ}を絞{しぼ}った対策{たいさく}に乗{の}り出{だ}しています。」\n\nYour TL:\n\n> \"All companies certainly set out to new measures which squeezed out wisdom,\n> trying to dig up potential demand in the midst of such adversary\n> circumstances (=\"adverse wind\").\"\n\nYour translation looks okay.\n\n> \"I'm also not sure whether I interpreted the use of volitional form\n> correctly here, so some feedback on this part would be nice as well.\"\n\nYour understanding is good.\n\n> 「Verb A in Volitional Form + と + Verb B」\n\nindeed means:\n\n> \"to (Verb B) in an attempt to (Verb A)\"\n\nMoving on to 「知恵を絞る」...\n\nIt would be best to remember it as a common idiomatic expression meaning \" **\n_to rack one's brains_** \" or simply \" ** _to think very hard_** \" instead of\ntrying to translate each word in it.\n\n> \"Finally, jisho outputted とも as the particle meaning \"certainly\". It\n> definitely works here, \"\n\nI am afraid it **_does not_** work here. You looked up the wrong 「とも」, namely,\nthe sentence-ending particle 「とも」 as in 「いいとも！」.\n\n「とも」 in this sentence means **_\"all of\", \"both ~~ and ~~\", \"each of ~~\"_**.\nSo, 「各社とも」 means **_\"all of the companies\", \"each and every company\"_** , etc.\nIt has a kanji 「共」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T14:44:08.960",
"id": "59916",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T15:13:36.717",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T15:13:36.717",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59905",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
59905
|
59916
|
59916
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> \"「タクシーに乗る」は英語で、I ride a taxiで正解！？\"\n\nI saw this question being posted on the web by someone and my issue is about\nthe meaning of the sentence itself specifically the phrase \"I ride a\ntaxiで正解！？\".\n\nDoes the で in this case refer to the usage that indicates \"by means of~\"?\nAlso, is it okay to use が instead ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T08:53:15.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59906",
"last_activity_date": "2023-03-18T09:20:04.427",
"last_edit_date": "2023-03-18T09:20:04.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-が",
"copula"
],
"title": "Question about で in this sentence",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, it means \"with\" or \"by means of\" and that structure is often used when\nyou say …で良い (be fine with something) or …で十分だ (be enough with something).\n\nAnd as you say, you can also use a double subject sentence, i.e. タクシーに乗るは英語で I\nride a taxiが正解？, though it implies \"I ride a taxi\" is an only correct answer\namong choices.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T14:59:30.190",
"id": "59917",
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"parent_id": "59906",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59906
| null |
59917
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The dictionary gives both words to mean 'ominous' and they have the same\npronunciation. What is the difference between 不気味 and 無気味?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T10:05:29.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59908",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T18:41:50.710",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T18:41:50.710",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27637",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 不気味 and 無気味?",
"view_count": 225
}
|
[
{
"body": "In your question you write \"both words\", but in fact _they're the same word_ -\njust written two different ways. Both are correct and have the same meaning.\n\n不気味 is the most common way to write the word today. If I search [the Balanced\nCorpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ) with the 少納言\ntool](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/), I find the following results:\n\n不気味 813 \n無気味 131\n\nHowever, 124 of those 131 results are in the 書籍 subcorpus, and of those 91 are\nin the 文学 genre. If I instead check the boxes to only use the Yahoo!知恵袋 and\nYahoo!ブログ subcorpora, I find a much starker contrast:\n\n不気味 129 \n無気味 5\n\nIn other words, in casual writing people today tend to just write the word as\n不気味, but you can still find 無気味 in published writing, mainly in literature.\n\nHowever, only 45 years ago the situation was different. From 1948 until 1973,\nit was taught that this word should always be written 無気味. At the time, the\n[Tōyō\nKanji](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97)\n(predecessor to the Jōyō Kanji) only allowed ふ as a reading for 不, which meant\nthat the negative prefix ぶ had to be written 無 or ぶ. However, this reform\nnever fully caught on, and in 1973 the government reversed its decision and\nallowed ぶ as a reading for 不 as well, restoring 不気味 as a standard way of\nwriting the word.\n\nYou can still find 無気味 today, but mostly in literature as an aesthetic choice\nby the writer. You'll also encounter it if you read pre-war Japanese, for\nexample [思ひ出す事など](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/792_14937.html)\nby 夏目漱石, although 不気味 was used commonly in pre-war writing as well.\n\nSince 不気味 is most common in most contexts, I suggest you write it that way\nyourself unless you feel you have a reason to do otherwise.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T14:42:21.167",
"id": "59915",
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"parent_id": "59908",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
59908
| null |
59915
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59919",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was reading through this one [question](https://okwave.jp/qa/q8115160.html)\non OKWAVE that was asking people what they thought of Japan’s education\nsystem. It’s a pretty long read, but it does have interesting parts to it. For\ninstance, the questioner is trying to get one answerer to give an opinion on\nJapan’s education system, which is not as easy as he thinks. So the answerer\nstarts off with the following:\n\n> 文脈に無理を感じますが・・・^^;\n>\n> Translation (may or may not be spot-on): I find it impossible to do in\n> context, but… ^^;\n\nI know that ^^; is an emoji/emoticon, but finding out more about it is proving\nto be difficult. The Google search bar is terrible at looking up these symbols\nin punctuation form. There are websites that list these symbols, but they seem\nto make looking up one of these symbols harder than it has to be.\n\nSo, let me ask you, what does ^^; mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T12:31:07.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59909",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T16:05:11.317",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "What does ^^; mean?",
"view_count": 7659
}
|
[
{
"body": "The two carets, as you stated, are an emoji.\n\nIt is equivalent to a closed eye smile. Generally, it is used to express\npositivity in the preceding statement.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T12:54:15.820",
"id": "59911",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T12:54:15.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"parent_id": "59909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "two upward pointing arrows are a common emoji representing the eyes of a face,\nusually a smiling face, even if a mouth is not represented. semicolons are\nusually representative of \"sweat drops\" when combined with flat eye emojis,\nbut with upward arrow eye emojis, they are usually a graphic representation of\nlaughter ... so this emoji can be considered a lighthearted grin or a chuckle.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T12:58:49.947",
"id": "59912",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T12:58:49.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> ^^;\n\nIt's a Japanese emoticon (顔文字) that developed into this emoji (U+1F605 SMILING\nFACE WITH OPEN MOUTH AND COLD SWEAT). In Japanese, such expression is called\n苦笑い ([Google\nimages](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E8%8B%A6%E7%AC%91%E3%81%84&tbm=isch)),\nwhich people make when they can't smile wholeheartedly because of some mixed\nfeelings, or they actually has something to say, but let it go with the flow\nfor the time being. Note that the sweat drop on the (top) right doesn't mean\nreal sweating, rather is an iconic sign of perplexity.\n\nThe emoticon could be used in any context you'd do 苦笑い, including when you got\ntoo much compliment, when you didn't fully agree with someone's (quite\nradical) opinion, or when your waitstaff misunderstood your order in a funny\nway, etc. etc.\n\n* * *\n\n**PS**\n\nIt's the most keystroke-saving variant of its kind, while we also have:\n\n```\n\n ^_^; (^_^;) (＾-＾；) (￣▽￣;)\n \n```\n\n[and more](http://aa-kao.majinak.com/article/163916600.html)...",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T15:33:13.000",
"id": "59919",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T16:05:11.317",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T16:05:11.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "59909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
59909
|
59919
|
59919
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My friend sent me this message:\n\n\"私に描いてれない？\"\n\nAnd I'm confused by what seems to be a really long series of conjugations of\nthe verb 描く。\n\nMy question is, what does this message mean, and also what each of the\nconjugations are?\n\nFor context, we were talking about a type of body paint.\n\nDoes it mean \"Can you draw on me?\" or \"Can you let me draw on you?\" or\nsomething completely different?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T14:03:52.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59913",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T04:01:13.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30522",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Meaning of: 私に描いてれない？",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm quite sure either you did not copy the message correctly here or your\nfriend made a typo and forgot a \"く\". Given the context it is most likely:\n私に描いて **く** れない?\n\nThis means simply \"would you draw it for me?\" or maybe \"on me\" given the\ncontext of body paint.\n\nIt is using the te-form of the verb plus くれる. This bears the meaning of o do\nsomething for me (the asker) or somebody’s sake.\n\nThe general construction is:\n\n> Giver + は/が + Receiver + に + Verb-てform + くれる/くださる\n\nTo be more specific, くれる in your example is in the negative form くれない and it\nis a colloquial way of the more polite form くれませんか? This is simply a way to\nask politely for something using an interrogative negative. In English\nsomething like \"Wouldn't you (be so kind to) do _Verb_ for me?\"\n\nNote that in particular Verb-てform + くれる also conveys a sense of gratitude\nfrom the receiver towards the giver (as someone made you the favor of doing\nVerb).\n\nYou can see more about this\n[here](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-te-kureru/) and\n[here](https://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/te-ageru-morau-kureru.html).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T04:01:13.330",
"id": "59966",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T04:01:13.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "59913",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59913
| null |
59966
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59918",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Most natural way of saying something is better than or best.\n\n> 1. This picture is the best\n> 2. This picture is better than ...\n>\n\nThe translations I see on Google are **ベスト** and **べター**. Looking for a way\nhow Japanese would compare things.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T14:07:36.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59914",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T14:11:34.513",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T20:41:09.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "30062",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Most natural way of saying something is better than or best",
"view_count": 6317
}
|
[
{
"body": "The katakana words you found are not used in comparisons very often (if at\nall).\n\n* * *\n\nI'll start with `best`. You won't find a direct linear translation. To get the\nsame meaning in Japanese, I would call things `number one`. Here is an\nexample:\n\n> 今まで食｛た｝べたハンバーグなかで、このレストランのハンバーグが一番｛いちばん｝だ。 \n> Of all the hamburgers I've eaten, the hamburgers from this store are the\n> best. (literally: 'they are number one')\n\nIf you add an adjective after 一番｛いちばん｝ you can get `the most ___` as your\nmeaning instead.\n\n> 一番｛いちばん｝美味｛おい｝しい食｛た｝べ物｛もの｝。 \n> Most delicious (or tasty) food.\n\nI would be careful with this one though, as it is a superlative. English\nspeakers use superlatives all the time, but we don't take the meaning\nliterally. In Japanese, it is more likely that they will take the meaning\nliterally (depends on the situation), so be careful in its use. I would use\nthe next construct more.\n\n* * *\n\n`Better` is a construction that compares something to something else. There\nmany ways to compare, but `___の方｛ほう｝がいい` will be the best for beginners.\nYou'll learn more ways to compare over time, but you will be able to express\nyour ideas with this phrase quite well\n\n> マクドは美味しい｛おいしい｝けど、モスバーガーの方｛ほう｝がいいと思｛おも｝う。 \n> McDonalds is tasty, but I think Mos Burger is better.\n\nAs with the last example, you can also use this construct to modify an\nadjective in the following manner `___の方が(adjective)`.\n\n> でも、中国{ちゅうごく｝の町｛まち｝の方｛ほう｝が汚｛きたな｝いでしょう？ \n> But Chinese towns are more dirty, right?\n\nI think that as far as comparisons go, `___の方｛ほう｝がいい` will be your best bet,\nand it will be used so much that it will come in handy very quickly.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T15:03:51.793",
"id": "59918",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-07T14:11:34.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "59914",
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"score": 9
}
] |
59914
|
59918
|
59918
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59921",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I noticed that the first two syllables of the pronunciation of 翼 is tsuba,\nwhich sounds very similar to Chinese word 翅膀(chibang). 翅膀 is the colloquial\nform of 翼 in Chinese. Is this a coincidence? Or it's that when this word was\nborrowed from Chinese, the writing of 翼 while the pronunciation of 翅膀 was\nimported?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T16:08:14.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59920",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T19:15:05.697",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T16:50:39.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "13975",
"owner_user_id": "13975",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Is the pronunciation of 翼 (tsubasa) 訓読み or 音読み?",
"view_count": 244
}
|
[
{
"body": "To answer the question directly,「[翼]{つばさ}」is a _kun'yomi_.\n\nThere is no proposed link between **つばさ** and Mandarin **chìbǎng**.\n\n * The academic attempt to derive the most ancient etymology for **つばさ** can be found in [The Tower of Babel](http://starling.rinet.ru/), where in their [Japanese Etymology](http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Calt%5Cjapet) database there is a proposal that it is derived from a [Proto-Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonic_languages) root **/*tumpasa/** , and cognate to a Mongolian word **ǯiber**. As far as I know, there is no proposal that **つばさ** is a compound of other morphemes.\n\n * 「翅膀」is a compound comprised of「翅」and「膀」.「翅」([Old Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese): **/*s-kʰe-s/** ) is of unknown origin, with variants「翨」and「」in old texts used largely as family names, but also sometimes used as a phonetic substitute for「啻」(also in old texts).「膀」just means _shoulder_.\n\n* * *\n\nEven if there was a link, having a Chinese-derived pronunciation does not mean\nthat something is _on'yomi_. _On'yomi_ are\n[constructed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie) or derived from systematic\npronunciations of Chinese characters as recorded in [rime\ndictionaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rime_dictionary), and Chinese-\noriginated pronunciations which are not based on these phonological references\nare not actually _on'yomi_. Examples:\n\n * [麻婆豆腐]{まーぼーどーふ} - the reading for this word is _irregular_ , derived straight from Modern Mandarin. Apart from「腐」, the individual characters do not correspond to the _on'yomi_ of the characters, although they are _very close_ ; an _on'yomi_ reading would look like [麻婆豆腐]{まばとうふ}.\n\n * [梅]{うめ} - A _kun'yomi_ , believed to come from Middle Chinese, according to [_Daijirin_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daijirin) and [_Daijisen_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daijisen). The proposed evolution is: [Middle Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Chinese) **/muʌi/** , [Old Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Japanese) ***/mme/** (written as **むめ** ), [Heian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_period) pronunciation **mume2** freely changing into **ume** , then finally settling to the modern pronunciation **ume**.\n\n * [茗]{ちゃ} - A _kun'yomi_ , derived from the _on'yomi_ of「茶」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T17:16:18.807",
"id": "59921",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T19:15:05.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "59920",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
59920
|
59921
|
59921
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59930",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am trying to define the word \"deceive\". In English, I would say something\nlike this (regardless of whether or not it is a good definition):\n\n> To deceive someone means that you lie to someone, and without regard for\n> their well-being, you gain something for yourself.\n\nIn Japanese, I would translate from the English to\n\n> 騙すっていうのは、君が嘘をついて、相手の事情を気にせず、自分に利益を得るということだ。\n\nIn English, we have this \"you\" that does not really refer to a specific\nperson/group. So I can't just replace 君 with a name here. Is an alternative\nword used in Japanese for definitions (similar to 相手 meaning someone)? If\n\"you\" is appropriate, which form of \"you\" should it be (e.g. 君, あなた, ...)?\n\nIf it matters, I am more concerned about how this works in speech, not\nwriting.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T17:57:21.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59922",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T00:08:20.427",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T18:40:25.783",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"spoken-language",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Translating \"you\" as 君 when giving a definition",
"view_count": 235
}
|
[
{
"body": "You would probably use 人 - that's what Japanese uses for this kind of\nindefinite reference. (Compare German 'man'.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T19:14:14.653",
"id": "59924",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T19:14:14.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "59922",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "As a rule of thumb, the most natural Japanese tends to be the version that is\nimplicit rather than grammatically explicit, which is to say: omit any part of\nspeech already implied by its context. Your example is no exception:\n\n> 騙すっていうのは、嘘をついて、相手の事情を気にせず、利益を得るということなのだ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T00:08:20.427",
"id": "59930",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T00:08:20.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5176",
"parent_id": "59922",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59922
|
59930
|
59930
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59926",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My attempt at both:\n\n> A: ボスと戦い直したいか？ \n> Do you want to keep going? (Fight the boss again?) \n> B: ちょっと・・・ \n> Well... (I don't think I can)\n\nBut if I have to leave because of an emergency or about to go somewhere\nwithout wifi in real life, but nobody is asking me if I can keep going... how\ndo I interrupt and let them know politely I can't stay for the next round?\n\nWould this work?\n\n> すみません,行かなきゃいけません, \n> (Sorry I have to go)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T20:39:55.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59925",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T09:35:38.820",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T21:15:59.323",
"last_editor_user_id": "13959",
"owner_user_id": "13959",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to ask if someone wants to continue farming a boss in game / Interrupt to leave",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "If someone asks you if you want to keep going, responding to them that you\n'have to go' will tell them that you want to continue playing. 'I have to go'\ndoes not mean 'have to leave' in Japanese, unless you say where you have to go\nrather than forward. Instead of いかなきゃ you should say something else.\n\nThe reason you give and the detail that you provide is up to you and your\nrelationship with the other player. Here are a few examples of phrases you can\nuse which are polite enough but not overly specific.\n\nSorry I can't. すみません、これ以上できない。\n\nI have plans. ちょっと用事があってね。\n\nI shall retreat. 撤退/退却させていただきます。 or 撤退/退却いたします。\n\nI have something else I need to do. 他にやらなきゃいけないことがあってね。\n\nSorry, have to 'go'. ごめん。バイバイしなきゃ。\n\nCap any of the above with 失礼します and you should be fine.\n\n* * *\n\nAsking if someone wants to continue farming/fighting, I would suggest the\nfollowing:\n\nWon't you go again? もう一回しませんか？\n\nWon't you restart/retry? やり直しませんか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T21:48:18.303",
"id": "59926",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T21:48:18.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "I think you could use...\n\n> 「[落]{お}ちます。」 \n> 「そろそろ落ちます。」 \n> 「今日はもう落ちます。お疲れ。」 etc...\n\n(この「落ちます」はネットスラングだと思います。)\n\n* * *\n\n参考：\n\n> (2)ゲームを終了すること。「今日は疲れたのでもう落ちます。」などと使われる。 \n> ([goo辞書-\n> NTTコミュニケーションズ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/olg/%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B/m0u/))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T09:30:33.957",
"id": "59931",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-07T09:35:38.820",
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"score": 2
}
] |
59925
|
59926
|
59926
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59928",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am wondering what 昼飯食ったら grammar is used in this sentence?\n\nI am wondering if it is the past conditional as described by Tae Kim here:\n\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals>\n\nBut it doesn't quite fit into what Google translate gives me.\n\nI get this from Google Translate:\n\n\"After having lunch\".\n\nSo is this really the 'past conditional' as described by Tae Kim?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T22:22:14.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59927",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T04:27:39.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4078",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "昼飯食ったら また行こうぜ - What grammar is the kuttara in this sentence?",
"view_count": 207
}
|
[
{
"body": "ったら Does mean if, but has a connotation of when. In this case, the sentence\nmeans, \"lets go when/after/once we finish lunch\". So yes, Tae Kim's\ndescription of what he calls 'past conditionals' would be correct.\n\n> 家に帰ったら、誰もいなかった。\n>\n> When I went home, there was no one there.\n\nIs a prime example.\n\nThere a a lot of other pages on this site which describe usages of ったら. Many\nof them have really good examples sentences, I would take a look at those.\nHere are a few\n\n[How certain is たら？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/40056/how-\ncertain-is-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89)\n\n[Other uses of the たら\nconditional](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30516/other-uses-of-\nthe-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-conditional)\n\n[Meaning of 〜たら in this\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19669/meaning-\nof-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-in-this-sentence)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T22:37:47.153",
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59927
|
59928
|
59928
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60211",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar, one of the uses of the te form is\ngiven as listing two or more verbs. An example is given, which is:\n\nジムは日本へ行って勉強しました。\n\nThis is translated as 'Jim went to Japan and studied (in Japan)'. My question\nis, can the sentence not be interpreted as 'Jim went to Japan and studied (but\nnot necessarily in Japan)'? Does the te form allow both meanings?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T16:41:36.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59933",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30370",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "te form for two or more verbs",
"view_count": 245
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it doesn't have the meaning of \"Jim went to Japan and studied (but not\nnecessarily in Japan)'.\n\nIt means \"Jim went to Japan and studied (in Japan)\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T18:03:59.913",
"id": "59935",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T18:03:59.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "When you use the て-form to link sentences, you are implying that there is some\nrelationship (other than just one thing happened after the other) between the\nclauses. -て **must** imply some sort of casual relationship.\n\nThe relationship can be weak (it is a weaker relationship than using から =\n\"because\", for example). But in your example there is some causal relationship\nbetween \"went to japan\" and \"studied\" so it would be strange to read that\nsentence as studied somewhere other than japan.\n\nIf you want to just say one thing happened after another thing (no\nrelationship other than temporal), you can use -てから.\n\nIf you want to just list things that happened (in no order), you can use -たり,\n-たり, or -し, -し constructions.\n\nAs an example consider the following dialog:\n\nA: What have you been up to this week?\n\nB: Well, I worked, I played tennis on tuesday, drank beers with my friends,\nwent to the movies,...\n\nIt would be incorrect to link the clauses in B's response with the -て form\nsince they are just listing activities that they did this week with no\ntemporal or causal relationship.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-18T18:05:00.880",
"id": "60211",
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59933
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60211
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59935
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59940",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I hear this frequently when I watch anime. Google digging suggests it means\ncheek 頬. But this does not make contextual sense to me for the times I've\nheard it used.\n\nFor example, at 14:45 in episode 2 of Full Metal Alchemist: Brotherhood. The\nsubtitles indicate nothing about a cheek.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T17:51:38.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59934",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-03T13:23:10.857",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-07T19:48:48.930",
"last_editor_user_id": "12272",
"owner_user_id": "14560",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"anime"
],
"title": "What does \"Ho Ho\" mean in English?",
"view_count": 6594
}
|
[
{
"body": "In English, \"ho ho\" is a kind of quaint laughter used to express joy.\n\n....\n\nYou've mistaken ほほ (hoho) with ほうほう (houhou).\n\n> [[方法]{ほうほう}](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95) \n> Noun \n> 1. method; process; manner; way; means; technique \n> (Jisho)\n\nThe character was talking about some kind of method involving bodies.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T19:56:15.577",
"id": "59940",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T19:56:15.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11792",
"parent_id": "59934",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59934
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59940
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59940
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this necklace and has this as one of the charms. Does anyone know what\nit translates to?[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V2Wkp.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T18:15:11.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59936",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T18:28:42.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30533",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What does this character mean?",
"view_count": 87
}
|
[
{
"body": "That is 「豬」, which is a variant of 「猪」. We use the latter kanji in Japan now.\nBoth are read 「いのしし」.\n\nIt means a \"boar\", the animal.\n\nWhy make accessories out of a boar? That is because it is one of the 12\nanimals of the Chinese/Japanese Zodiac.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T18:21:08.910",
"id": "59937",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T18:28:42.057",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-07T18:28:42.057",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "59936",
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}
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59936
| null |
59937
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59939",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> パソコンは、できる人にとったら **そんなことで** ？と思うかもしれないですね。\n>\n>\n> でも、主さんも、やっときますからは、ちょっと違うかなぁ？と思います。([source](https://mikle.jp/threadres/2673152/p1/))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T18:45:04.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59938",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T19:34:23.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does そんなことで mean in this context?",
"view_count": 324
}
|
[
{
"body": "そんなことで means \"such a (little) thing\".\n\nThe first sentence means \"People who are good with personal computers may\nthink that you don't ask me how to use personal computers such a little\nthing\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T19:01:05.370",
"id": "59939",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-07T19:34:23.570",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-07T19:34:23.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "59938",
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] |
59938
|
59939
|
59939
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OIc0v.jpg)\n\nI know that kore means “this” but i didn’t understand what does this\nsentence/word means i also didn’t know what is the meaning of nda",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-07T22:36:24.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59942",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T02:50:03.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"manga",
"anime"
],
"title": "What does nda ンだ stand for?",
"view_count": 700
}
|
[
{
"body": "@chargestriker is correct, it's a shortened form of なんだ, so the whole sentence\nwould be なんだこれ？ or なんだ、これは？ ... essentially \"What's this?\" or colloquially\n\"What the heck is this?\" ...we do the same in English, with many people\nshortening the question to \"The heck is this??\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T02:50:03.987",
"id": "59944",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T02:50:03.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29347",
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"score": 4
}
] |
59942
| null |
59944
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59946",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I was looking through the main page of [OKWAVE](https://okwave.jp/), and\nI saw that the questions are put in categories. One of the categories says\n生活・暮らし.\n\nWhen I looked them up on Weblio,\n[生活](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB) has the meanings of\n“(a) life/lives; (a) livelihood, (a) living” and\n[暮らし](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E6%9A%AE%E3%82%89%E3%81%97) has the\nmeanings of “a living, a [one's] livelihood; life; existence, subsistence”.\n\nThis shows that both of them seem very similar, but there must be a difference\nbetween them. Does anyone know what it is?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T01:19:31.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59943",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T03:21:48.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 生活 and 暮らし?",
"view_count": 574
}
|
[
{
"body": "生活 and 暮らし are very similar terms, essentially synonymous with \"life\" or\n\"lifestyle\" or \"living\", but you do see some differences in usage in writing\nand online...\n\n生活 in general is used to talk about the way a person lives. What they do\ndaily, how they spend money, leisure activities and so on. It is also, online,\nused in talking about helpful items or practices for living your life, or\nabout interesting things around town.\n\n暮らし can be found on websites and discussions about making a home more homey or\ncomfortable, more beautiful, decorative, or in other words a nicer environment\nto live in.\n\nI hear the word 生活 used more than 暮らし, but that could be an effect of being a\nforeigner living in Japan, and Japanese people being careful to simplify their\ndiscussions with me...\n\nThere is overlap, since the terms are in many ways synonymous, and I am sure a\nnative speaker will have more insight.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T03:21:48.797",
"id": "59946",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T03:21:48.797",
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] |
59943
|
59946
|
59946
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For words like 帰ります is there a specific reason they're Godan instead of\nIchidan in any case? Things like a change from an historical pronunciation of\nthe word, grammar relating to the radicals of the character or is it literally\nrandom with each of these decisions genuinely being made arbitrarily? For 帰ります\njust for the sake of example, what was the original reason it's Godan and how\nmany other いる/える Godan verbs have similar stories?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T04:22:38.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59947",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T13:11:37.423",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"history",
"godan-verbs",
"ichidan-verbs"
],
"title": "いる/える Godan Verb Rules?",
"view_count": 1785
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you are approaching this the wrong way. You seem to assume that all\nverbs that end in _-eru_ or _-iru_ **should** be _ichidan_. But there's no\nreason why that should be true. In linguistics there are no \"shoulds\". It's\njust the way that the verbs are.\n\nLet's try looking at this from another angle. Consider the inflections for the\n_ichidan_ verb _kaeru_ = \"to change\" (変える). As you know, inflections are the\npart of the word that changes; in languages like English and Japanese, that\nhappens at the end of the word. I will separate the part that doesn't change\n(the \"base\", \"radical\" or \"stem\") with an hyphen:\n\n * **_kae** -nai_\n * **_kae** -masu_\n * **_kae** -ru_\n * **_kae** -re-ba_\n * **_kae** -yo_\n\nNow compare the stem for the _godan_ verb _kaeru_ , \"to return\" (帰る):\n\n * **_kaer** -a-nai_\n * **_kaer** -i-masu_\n * **_kaer** -u_\n * **_kaer** -e-ba_\n * **_kaer** -ō_\n\nNotice how, for the _ichidan_ verb 変える, the base or stem ends in a vowel,\n_-e_. For the _godan_ verb 帰る, the stem (=the part that never changes) ends in\na consonant, _-r_. Because of this, linguists call the traditional _\"ichidan\"_\nverbs **vowel-stem verbs** , and _\"godan\"_ verbs **consonant-stem verbs**.\n\nSo the fact that a verb has conclusive inflection ( _shūshikei_ 終止形,\ndictionary form) ending in - _eru_ does not, by itself, tell us how it\ninflects. We need to know whether the stem ends in a consonant or in a vowel.\n\"To return\" has the stem _kaer-_ , and \"to change\" is _kae-_. It's just that\nthe conclusive form of vowel-stem verbs ( _ichidan_ verbs) adds _-ru_ , so\nthat, by coincidence, they end up sounding just like consonant-stem verbs\nwhose final consonant happens to _-r_.\n\n* * *\n\nWhy are some verbs vowel-stem, and some verbs consonant-stem?\n\nWe don't know. The oldest records we have of Japanese are from the Nara\nperiod, and at this stage the distinction was already present. In ancient\nJapanese consonant verbs used four extra vowels, not five (so they were 四段\n_yodan_ , four-grade, in Japanese terminology). And there were more kinds of\nvowel-stem verbs, with some rules which made the vowel change, and more\nirregular verbs, too. But the basic distinction between vowel-stem and\nconsonant-stem verbs, those like _kaer-u_ vs. _kae-ru_ , goes back as far as\nwe have evidence. For example, the verb _kaer-u_ \"to return\" has been\nreconstructed as * _kapyer-_ (かへ甲る)¹, while \"to change\", _kae-ru_ , had the\nancient stem * _kape-_ (かへ乙-).²\n\nSome linguists have proposed that all verbs were originally consonant-stem,\nand vowel-stem verbs were derived from them. Others have argued for the\nopposite. As far as I can tell, there's no definitive answer yet.\n\nFrellesvig, in _A History of the Japanese Language_ (pp. 119–), notes two\nphenomena that happen with ancient vowel-stem verbs. The first is that, in\nmany cases, the vowel-stem verb appears to be derived from an adjective, with\na change in vowel ( _aka-ki_ \"red\" → _ake-ru_ \"redden, lighten\"; _sabu-si_\n\"lonely\" → _sabwi-ru_ \"grow desolate\"). In other cases, the vowel-stem verb\nappears to be derived from a consonant-stem, changing the transitivity ( _tuk-\nu_ \"stick to\" → _tuke-ru_ \"attach something\"). These alternations (both the\nchange in vowel quality, and the addition of an extra vowel) have been\ntheorized (by Ohno, Unger and others) to come from some prehistoric suffix *\n_-y_ , which formed diphthongs like _akay-_ , later changing into _ake-_ etc.\n\nIf this theory is correct, the reason why 変える _kae-ru_ is a vowel verb is\nthat, a very long time ago, it was formed with this hypothetical * _-y_\nsuffix, possibly from * _kapay-_ (compare 変わる _kawar-u_ < _kapar-u_ ). And the\nreason why 帰る _kaer-u_ is not a vowel verb is that it never had such a\ndiphthong. But all of this is hypothetical; and even if it's correct, there\nare still many modern vowel-stem verbs which would _not_ trace to these *\n_-y_ -verbs. The proposed * _-y_ formant would have created most of the\nvowel-stem verbs, but not all³ (e.g. _mi-ru_ \"to see\" and _ki-ru_ \"to put on\"\nappear to have been vowel-stems from the beginning).\n\n* * *\n\nNotes:\n\n[1] There used to be two kinds of _e_ , called in Japanese linguistics the\n\"A-type\" (甲) and the \"B-type\" (乙). I'm following Frellesvig in interpreting\nA-type as _ye_ , and B as a plain _e_. Also the はへひほふ sounds used to be\n_pa,pe,pi,po,pu_ ; in the middle of words they later became _wa,we,wi,wo,u_ ,\nthen finally _a,e,i,o,u_ (so _kapyeru_ > _kaweru_ > _kaeru_ ). The orthography\nchanged, accordingly, from かへる to かえる. These ancient pronunciations aren't\nrelevant for the discussion, so you can gloss over all that.\n\n[2] One of the verb inflection rules was that, when two vowels met, you picked\nthe second. So _kapyer-_ plus the conclusive suffix _-u_ resulted in _kapyeru_\nかへる; but _kape-_ + _-u_ > _kape+u_ > _kapu_ , かふ. The unchanged stem was\nvisible when you added a consonant-initial suffix, like _kape-te_ かへて, which\ndidn't change the original vowel. This rule accounts for the \"bigrade\" (ニ段)\nverbs of traditional grammar.\n\n[3] The verbs thought to be made with the * _-y_ formant are called\n\"thematic\". For those familiar with traditional grammar, the thematic class\ncorresponds to lower bigrades 下ニ段, upper bigrades 上ニ段, and possibly the\ns-irregular サ変.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T09:18:41.530",
"id": "59971",
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}
] |
59947
| null |
59971
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59949",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I love drinking bubble tea, especially in Indonesia, China, and in Japan where\nthere are many famous bubble tea sellers, especially Chatime or KOI (there was\none when I visited Indonesia).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/co0Ud.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VERt8.jpg)\n\nHowever, I was surprised when I came to Japan first time years ago that I\ncouldn't find any \"bubble tea\" or \"bubble milk tea\", instead I found \"Tapioka\njuice/tea\" (I laughed literally at the naming, well..:)). Because what I\nimagined of a 'Tapioka (in Indonesia it's called \"Tepung Tapioka\"') is a\n\"tepung pati ubi kayu (starch flour made from the essence of manioc/cassava).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LArvd.jpg)\n\nExplanation: A starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava\nplant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics.\n\nComparison in Japan: **【台北】モチモチ食感が堪らない”飲むスイーツ”タピオカティーの人気店５選**\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4uZpE.jpg)\n\nSouce:<https://www.travelbook.co.jp/topic/5291>\n\nSo, back to the question:\n\n> Why is a bubble tea called **'タピオカジュース' or 'タピオカティー** 'in Japan?\n\nWhat was/is the history behind the naming? (I suspect that it may be 和製英語)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T04:32:53.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59948",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T05:09:29.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10323",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"wasei-eigo"
],
"title": "Why is a bubble tea called 'タピオカジュース' or 'タピオカティー 'in Japan?",
"view_count": 9229
}
|
[
{
"body": "タピオカジュース or タピオカティー would be nothing if not 和製英語.\n\nI am more familiar with it being called Pearl Milk Tea （パールミルクティー）, as the\ntapioca balls resemble pearls.\n\nAs it didn't originate in an English-language dominant country, the naming\nconventions vary. You can call it 'boba', as is common in my home country\n(introduced through the Asian community), or whatever you like. One cannot\ndeny though, that the main constant throughout would be the use of tapioca\nballs.\n\nThe word for bubble in Japanese (泡）is the same for foam. Aside from this\nnaming possibly being confusing for the domestic market, the product has a\nlonger history in Asia than it does anywhere else. So, maybe they should laugh\nwhen you call it 'bubble tea'?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T05:09:29.820",
"id": "59949",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T05:09:29.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "59948",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
59948
|
59949
|
59949
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59952",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question:\n取材を進めてみると、あまり結婚式が行われないはずの“平日”を最大限活用しようという、逆転の発想が見えてきました。\n\nFor full context:\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/business_tokushu/2018_0621.html?utm_int=news_contents_tokushu_004>\n\nMy attempt at translation: When we move forward with our news, the concept of\na change to \"let us make maximum use of ordinary days where it is to be\nexpected that almost no marriage ceremony will happen\" comes to mind.\n\nI have a lot of problems understanding and translating this sentence. The\nbiggest issue I had was finding a way to implement 最大限活用しよう in a meaningful\nway, especially when considering the context. In the sentence before, we've\nheard that the wedding industry is facing adverse circumstances due to the\nincrease of marriages without any celebration, party etc.. So I guess this\nsentence still refers to the wedding industry, which must make the best of the\nsituation and do something \"productive\" during those days of the week on which\nare very unlikely to have any kind of marriage take place at all. I must admit\nthough that I chose this interpretation mostly due to the fact that I couldn't\nfind any other way to get to a halfway meaningful sentence^^ Therefore, I\nguess it is at the very least partially wrong xD\n\nThe second biggest problem I faced was という. I learned on this forum that the\npattern \"A という B だ\" basically can be interpreted as \" A is B\". I apologize in\nadvance if I'm wrong (again) ^^ With this premise, I interpreted\nあまり結婚式が行われないはずの“平日”を最大限活用しようという as an attribute to 逆転の発想. I went for the \"lets\ndo\" interpretation of the volitional form in 最大限活用しよう because that was the\nonly way I could muster a meaningful translation...^^\n\nWell and my third biggest problem stems from the second one. I had a hard time\ncoming up with a comprehensible, syntactically functional translation of the\nfull construct あまり結婚式が行われないはずの“平日”を最大限活用しようという、逆転の発想. First I tried going with\na common relative clause starting with \"which\": \"The concept of a change which\n(says that), \"...\". This made the sentence very obstructive though so I\ndecided against it. Instead I used the preposition \"to\" because to me it\nseemed fit. I then had to use quotation marks though because my translation\notherwise would have become even harder to understand. I though that if I\nreally wanted to make this a smooth translation with the understanding of the\nsentence I had so far, I would have to make huge changes to the english\nequivalent. Since I still was very skeptical if my basic understanding of the\nfull sentence was correct at all, I decided against it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T10:46:22.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59950",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T11:54:19.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to interprete 最大限活用しよう here?",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "breaking a long sentence like this into smaller chunks can help, but it can be\nconfusing if you don't have a sense of where to break it up to look for\nmeaning...\n\nfirst, 取材を進めてみると、is a sensible place to start:\n\n取材 literally means interview, report or coverage (as in news coverage), a\ngathering of information.\n\n進めてみる means to continue or proceed, with みる implying \"try\" or \"attempt\" ..\n\nin this case it's just a way of implying that the act of continuing was a\nprocess with (at the time) unknowable results, and lastly the と functions as\n\"as\" here. So the translation can just be \"As the interview/report continued\"\nor possibly \"As we continued talking/As I continued talking (to him/her)\"\n\nif you then skip to the end of the sentence and look only at \"逆転の発想が見えてきました。\"\nyou can separate out 逆転の発想, which literally means \"a reverse idea\" or possibly\n\"a flipped way of thinking\" and 見えてきました which means \"became able to see\" or\nmore colloquially \"came to light\".\n\nNow we just need to understand the critical mid-portion. What was the\n\"opposite idea\" that came to light? の and を particles mark points that it\nmight be useful to isolate, to aid understanding, so looking at the the object\nand verb on either side of を we have: “平日”を最大限活用しよう which as you thought,\nmeans \"let's make the most of the \"weekday\"\n\nas you pointed out, という is used to equate one thing to another, so in this\ncase it's being used to say that this idea of making the most of the weekdays\nis the \"flipped idea\" that came to light during the interview.\n\nlastly あまり結婚式が行われないはず with の attached is a descriptor for the weekday, meaning\nsomething like \"weddings would not likely happen\" or \"weddings probably\nwouldn't happen\" so the whole sentence becomes something like:\n\nAs the interview continued, a reversed way of thinking, of trying to make the\nbest use of the \"weekdays\" when weddings wouldn't likely happen, came to\nlight.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T11:54:19.123",
"id": "59952",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T11:54:19.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59950",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59950
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59952
|
59952
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59957",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to ask for help with learning Japanese. Is 助けてください appropriate for this\nsituation? Should I use something else? Is a particle needed in the request?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T15:07:18.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59956",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T06:07:22.423",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-13T06:07:22.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "When is 助けてください appropriate?",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "as Chocolate said, there are two main ways to ask for \"help\"\n\n助{たす}けてください is used for situations in which you feel some distress.\n\n手伝{てつだ}ってください is used for situations where you would like some assistance.\n\nyou have another choice as well, you could ask for the specific type of help\nyou want, in this case, help learning Japanese. So you could say\n\n日本語{にほんご}の勉強{べんきょう}を手伝{てつだ}ってください。\n\nor\n\n日本語 教{おし}えてください。This one, \"Please teach me Japanese.\" sounds a little too\nforceful, though. Use with caution.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T15:41:49.523",
"id": "59957",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T15:41:49.523",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59956",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59956
|
59957
|
59957
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59959",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was trying to tell a language-exchange friend that I didn't know something\nwith the somewhat express connotation that I should have (known).\n\nThe first thing that came to mind was しまう, which usually expresses unintended\naction that is done. However, this immediately became a problem, as I did not\nknow how to use しまう with the negative て form. According to [this\ntopic](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/22881/can-we-use-negative-\nform-\nbefore-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%A6%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%86-f-ex-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%A6%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%86\n\"Can we use negative form before ～てしまう : f.ex. なく+～てしまう？\"), ないでしまう is\nacceptable.\n\n> **知らないでしまう**\n\nYet, this usage seems to be rather rare.\n\nIn short, if I were to say, \"Oh, shoot, I didn't know that,\" what is the most\nnatural and/or common way to express this? Is 知らなかった alone enough?\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T15:57:59.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59958",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T16:24:51.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is 知らないでしまった a thing?",
"view_count": 302
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you guessed at the end of your question, 知らなかった is actually enough to say,\nin order to tell the person you're speaking to \"I didn't know that.\"\n\n知らないでしまう sounds very ungrammatical to me, and 知らなくてしまった doesn't sound much\nbetter. The first sounds like you are asking the other person not to know\nsomething, almost. The second sounds like you accidentally succeeded in not\nknowing something.\n\nto express \"self reproach\" or in other words, the \"shoot\" feeling, you don't\nhave to change the word 知らなかった, just intone it with emphasis. If you want to\ntruly emphasize that you feel chagrined, you could try elongating the last\nsyllable, but if you've never heard the way that sounds, you might end up\nsounding very odd.\n\nI might try to express this feeling with something like:\n\nあ、そうか、そうか、知らなかった！\n\nif you really want to say to the person that you \"should have known that\" you\ncan actually say so with:\n\n知らなかった！知るべきだった(のにね)。\n\nor\n\n知らなかった！知ってたはず(なのに)。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T16:24:51.863",
"id": "59959",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T16:24:51.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59958",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59958
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59959
|
59959
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59961",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「おはつよろ」のいみはなんですか？ I was interacting on a chat and after providing greetings, I\nused hajimemashite and yoroshiku onegaishimasu and I received ohatsuyoro as a\nresponse. I was unable to find the word(s) in a dictionary.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T19:08:21.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59960",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T06:57:36.047",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T06:57:36.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"internet-slang",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "「おはつよろ」のいみはなんですか？",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is an internet slang. おはつ means 初めまして and よろ means よろしくお願いします.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T19:29:18.753",
"id": "59961",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-08T19:29:18.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "59960",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
59960
|
59961
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59961
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59963",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What were the recent heavy rains in Japan called? Where the terms tsuyu or\nooame used to describe the rain?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T21:14:06.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59962",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T13:23:37.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What were the recent heavy rains in Kyushu called?",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "I frequently saw 大雨｛おおあめ｝ on the weather forecast while I was in Japan. That\ndescribes what kind of rain is falling ([heavy\nrain](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%A8)). If anything, this is what\nthey used.\n\n梅雨｛つゆ｝is a time of year, a rainy season (around mid May to mid July). I would\n_not_ use 梅雨 to describe the recent heavy rain because of its association with\nthe season.\n\n* * *\n\n**Edit:**\n\nI looked over some of my Japanese friends' social media posts, and I found\nthat 大雨 was very commonly used. Another word that was used was\n[豪雨｛ごうう｝](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%B1%AA%E9%9B%A8). According to\n[Jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/heavy%20rain), there is also 多雨｛たう｝,\nwhich makes sense if you know the kanji, but I haven't seen it used very much.\n\nBelow is a screen shot of a post from one of my friends that uses both 大雨 and\n豪雨.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gbPQi.png)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-08T22:29:41.770",
"id": "59963",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T13:23:37.617",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T13:23:37.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "59962",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Now it is formally named by the JMA:\n「[平成30年７月豪雨](http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/1807/09b/20180709_meishou.html)」．See\n[Related\narticle](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180709/k10011524701000.html) on\nNHK news.\n\nCertain disasters are given names by the Japan meteorological agency and any\nformal documents discussing the issue will stick to it. [This\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E8%B1%A1%E5%BA%81%E3%81%8C%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7)\non wikipedia lists such events.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T11:00:31.660",
"id": "59975",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T11:00:31.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "59962",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59962
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59963
|
59963
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59965",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is 何てこった a contraction of なんてこう行った, or なんてこう言った, or is this something totally\ndifferent?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T03:16:14.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59964",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T06:37:08.937",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T03:26:20.513",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"contractions"
],
"title": "How to parse 何てこった",
"view_count": 207
}
|
[
{
"body": "It comes from\n\n> なんてことだ\n\n([source](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BD%95%E3%81%A6%E3%81%93%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F))\n\nAs the result of a sound change.\n\nIt is colloquial.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T03:24:44.033",
"id": "59965",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T03:24:44.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "59964",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
59964
|
59965
|
59965
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60103",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Context: Riku, the protagonist boxer of [this\nmanga](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6), is\nfighting against an evasive opponent that is really good at dodging punches\nand who always tries to win on points rather than KOs. Riku tries to punch him\nwithout success, while his opponent manage to hit him with punches that are\nnot so powerful but let him gain points. Riku's trainer tells him:\n\n> **欲ばっから** つけいられるんだよ！！狙うのはもっと…一番小っせーのだ。最小のカウンタに力を集約させろ！\n\nWhat is the meaning of 欲ばっから? Is it 欲【よく】ばる+から? Or has it something to do with\nばっかり? In any case, could you please explain the word formation?\n\nAnother thing I don't understand is the させろ at the end. Why wasn't しろ used\ninstead? Is he ordering Riku _to do something_ or _to make to opponent do\nsomething_? Anyway, here's my translation attempt:\n\n> He is taking advantage of your **greed**!! You should focus on the least\n> powerful punch. Concentrate your strength against the least powerful\n> counterpunch!\n\n[Here you can see](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pNqXH.jpg) the whole page and the\none after it for more context. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T04:49:55.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59967",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T17:02:36.757",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T06:57:02.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs",
"manga",
"contractions",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Meaning of 欲ばっから and help with the following sentence",
"view_count": 256
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you thought 欲ばっから is [欲ばる]{よくばる}+から.\n\n> 最小のカウンターに力を集約させろ！\n\nThis line means the trainer tries to make Riku to concentrate on his power for\nhis smallest counter. 最小のカウンター doesn't really make sense for me though.\nProbably the trainer wants a fast and sharp counter punch instead of a big\nswing counter punch.\n\nAbout させろ and しろ. Both are okay in that context and interchangeable, but I\ncan't explain why させろ is more suitable than しろ here in grammar. させろ sounds\nbetter for me (native Japanese), at least, I can say.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T06:13:41.553",
"id": "59968",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T18:00:01.703",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T18:00:01.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30470",
"parent_id": "59967",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "* Yes, this 欲ばっから is 欲張るから (\"because you're greedy\"). In this context, this 欲張る refers to Riku's attitude of throwing too many ineffective punches whenever possible. What's going on here is that Riku's careless attacks are giving the opponent many chances to counterattack. What the second is saying at this point is that Riku should be more careful and wait for a good chance for 最小のカウンター.\n * 最小のカウンター is a bit confusing, but seems to mean \"a (small) counter-punch thrown right after his smallest punch\" here. Riku should not wait for a \"big chance\" because the opponent is very good at defending. Instead, he should find a way to counterattack after the opponent's small jabs.\n * 集約する can be used both intransitively and transitively. In this causative sentence, it's used as an intransitive verb, and 力 is the \"causee\". 最小のカウンターに力を集約させろ literally means \"make your power gather to 最小のカウンター\", which simply means \"Focus on 最小のカウンター!\". See also this question: [Causative, causative-passive and particles](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29170/5010). After this advise, Riku starts to observe the opponent more carefully and try to find a small chance of counterattack.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T16:48:34.817",
"id": "60103",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T17:02:36.757",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-13T17:02:36.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59967",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59967
|
60103
|
59968
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have been wondering about it for a while, Are all intransitive verbs\nbecoming stative with ている?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T07:15:19.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59970",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T07:15:19.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Are all intransitive verbs becoming stative with ている?",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[] |
59970
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm doing a project and coming up with the words _rakugo_ , _hanashi_ ,\n_sutōrīterā_ , _kataribe_ , _goribu_ for the same expression but am not sure\non the differences of each saying and what the best term to use is. Or if\nthere are better terms.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T10:50:51.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59973",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-05T01:40:41.380",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T13:09:55.420",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30546",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "What words and/or phrases can you use in Japanese for story / storytelling / the art of telling a story?",
"view_count": 2574
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 話（はなし hanashi）: This word of course primarily means \"story\", but it also refers to the action of talking or talking skills. 彼は話がうまい means \"He is a good talker.\"\n * 語り（かたり katari）： Refers to an action. This is closer to \"storytelling\" or \"narrating\", like of a documentary film. A more literary term than 話.\n * 語り部（かたりべ kataribe）: A storyteller of old memories, ancient legends, fairy tales, etc. Typically an old person.\n * ストーリーテラー: A loanword from English \"storyteller\". Everyone understands this word and it fits well with Western-style stage performances like a musical.\n * 落語（らくご rakugo）： It's [_rakugo_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakugo), the name of a form of Japanese traditional stage performance. It doesn't mean storytelling in general.\n\nThe most generic and safe term for \"story telling\" is probably 語り, but the\nbest word depends on what you're actually going to do.\n\nI don't know what goribu means.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T12:38:15.430",
"id": "59978",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T12:57:55.280",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T12:57:55.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59973",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59973
| null |
59978
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59976",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence: 苦学し、何浪もして東大に合格, I can't find the meaning? WhenI search up 浪\nvia Japanese dictionary, it says 'waves' and 苦学 is 'paying one's own school\nexpenses by working'.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T10:59:29.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59974",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T11:56:45.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30236",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does 苦学 and 何浪 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "苦学する has a second\n[meaning](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E8%8B%A6%E5%AD%A6): \"to study under\nadversity\"\n\n何浪も means being/doing many times 浪人(it is constructed with the same structure\nthat 何回も(\"many times\").\n\n[浪人](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%B5%AA%E4%BA%BA) means \"waiting for another\nchance to enter university after having failed the yearly entrance\nexamination\" (it can refer to the action or to the person doing this action)\n\nSo「苦学し、何浪もして東大に合格」means \"Succeed to enter Toudai by studying under adversity\nand being rounin many times.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T11:31:56.283",
"id": "59976",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T11:56:45.040",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T11:56:45.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "25980",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"parent_id": "59974",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59974
|
59976
|
59976
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "in word 明日 – ashita character 明 –has kunyomi reading (a) in every dictionary\nbut 日 – dont have any shita reading or atleast i haven't found it in jisho or\nother online dictionary. same goes for other words like 今日 etc. and not only\nusing 日 kanji thir are other words i came across where kanji reading is not\nmention in dictionary but they are pronounced like that. 下手 Heta like that下\ndont have he reading Also 山田-yamada rice field dont have da reading in\ndictionary Are they special cases? is their a name for these kind of word or\nim just mistaken? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T11:40:32.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59977",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T12:01:42.323",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T12:01:42.323",
"last_editor_user_id": "30547",
"owner_user_id": "30547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "reading 明日 – ashita why kanji for 日 – nichi dont have shita reading in any dictinary online?",
"view_count": 283
}
|
[] |
59977
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Is there a difference betweenマジand 本当？ I know that both terms mean really.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T13:31:05.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59979",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T13:37:30.047",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T13:37:30.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between マジ and 本当?",
"view_count": 75
}
|
[] |
59979
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59985",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 子供に歯磨きの習慣をつけさせたい **ばかりに** 、親がストレスを感じても **よくありません** 。\n\nwhy is it 良くありません instead of よくあります。\n\n「ばかりに」の意味は「のせいで」と同じだ思ってたから、この文の後ろには、否定形の方は正しくないと思います。\n\n一応こういう例文から参照してる。\n\n> お金がない **ばかりに** 、今度の旅行には行けなかったのです。\n\n教えてください。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T14:59:19.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59981",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T15:48:34.653",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T15:23:25.750",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「ばかりに」についての文法の質問です。教えてください",
"view_count": 445
}
|
[
{
"body": "**ばかりに** has the meaning of \"only/solely/simply/wholly because of/due to/from\"\n(context will help you decide which combination of word choices makes the most\nsense)\n\n**よくありません** in this sentence is the polite form of **よくない** which means \"not\ngood\"\n\nSo the writer is trying to communicate:\n\n\"It's **not good** for parents to stress out **simply from** trying to instill\ngood tooth brushing habits in their children.\"\n\nor more literally\n\n\"It's **not good** for parents to stress out **simply because** they want to\ninstill good tooth brushing habits in their children.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T15:39:02.170",
"id": "59984",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T15:39:02.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59981",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "> 「子供に歯磨きの習慣をつけさせたいばかりに、親がストレスを感じてもよくありません。」\n\nこのセンテンスは、文法的にも、意味的にも特に問題はありません。\n\n「ばかりに」の意味を、質問者さんは少し勘違いされているように、私には見受けられます。「ばかりに」の意味は単純に「のせいで」ということではないのです。（両者に意味上の共通点はありますが。）\n\n「ばかりに」のより正確な意味は、「それだけの理由で」または「それだけの **ほんの小さな**\n原因で」というものになります。「ちょっとした理由・原因で予想をしていなかったネガティブな結果になってしまう」という状況を表すのに使用される表現なのです。\n\n従って、「ばかりに」の後に来るフレーズは **内容的にはネガティブなものになりますが、文法的には肯定・否定のどちらの形を取っていてもおかしくありません**\n。ここは重要な部分です。\n\n上の例文に話を戻しますと、『子供に歯磨きの習慣をつけさせたい』というのは親なら誰もが持っているような願いです。その意図自体は善良なものですね。しかし、その親の願望が強過ぎる場合には、子供がそれに反抗したりして、歯磨きを嫌がったりもしますね。そうなると、親としてはストレスとして感じてしまうわけです。\n\n善良な意図・目的をもって行う行動が、結果としてネガティブなものになってしまうのは良くないと言っているのです。「ばかりに」が正しく使われているセンテンスです。\n\nちなみに、「親がストレスを感じても **よくあります** 」は意味の通じないフレーズです。\n\n最後に、二番目の例文について一言。\n\n> 「お金がないばかりに、今度の旅行には行けなかったのです。」\n\nこの文は、間違いであるとは言えないものの、私見ですが、特別に良い文ではないと思います。その理由は、「お金」は「旅行」にとって非常に重要な要素ですので、上述したように、決して「小さな理由」とは言えないからなんです。「ばかりに」よりは「ために」、「せいで」を使用したほうが良いかと思います。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T15:48:34.653",
"id": "59985",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T15:48:34.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "59981",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
59981
|
59985
|
59985
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59994",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "Foreigners are 外国人。Can a Japanese person, living in Japan, be referred to as a\n内国人？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T15:30:13.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59982",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T02:57:05.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Are Japanese people 内国人？",
"view_count": 429
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, you will always hear about a Japanese person specifically referred to as a\n日本人｛にほんじん｝. Similarly, you'll hear about people of specific countries referred\nto as (country)人｛じん｝.\n\n> スペイン人 \n> Spaniard\n>\n> アメリカ人 \n> American\n>\n> 中国人｛ちゅうごくじん｝ \n> Chinese person\n\n**Note:** While [内国人](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%86%85%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA)does\nexist in the dictionary, I doubt you will hear it very often (if ever).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T15:35:27.347",
"id": "59983",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T16:00:24.350",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "59982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "the word 同国民{どうこくみん} exists, but I think it is used more often to refer to\ngroups of people of other countries, for example in news stories connecting\nthem to other people from the same country. If it is used in Japan, it seems\nlike it'd be a very \"political\" form of speech.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T15:50:45.477",
"id": "59986",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T15:50:45.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "No, but people who live in Hokkaido and Okinawa call people who live in Japan\nexcept Hokkaido and Okinawa 内地の人 or 内地人. People who live in Okinawa call\npeople who live in Japan except Okinawa 本土の人 as well.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T15:55:02.327",
"id": "59987",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-09T16:02:10.753",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T16:02:10.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "59982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "That word exists but they don't use it at all. Japanese sometimes refer to\nother Japanese as 邦人{ほうじん}, especially on the news, but when referring to\nthemselves they just say 日本人.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T00:25:18.863",
"id": "59992",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T00:25:18.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "59982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "If you are asking whether the antonym of 外国人 is 内国人, technically I must say\nyes, except that this term is rarely used. (Generally, the term 内国 now only\nsurvives in a few words that were coined in 19th century e.g. 内国郵便 or 内国民待遇.)\n\nA person living in the country of their nationality would be more likely\ncalled 自国民 or 自国人 (民 more like the government referring to their nations), or\n国民, if there is no confusion from the context. You can also say 同国人, which is\nwhat someone calls whoever of the same nationality.\n\nIn actual Japanese sphere, which is mostly composed of Japanese nationals, who\nis not 外国人 is usually called 日本人 or （日本）国民. There is a word 邦人, which is\npractically only used for Japanese expats.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T02:57:05.197",
"id": "59994",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T02:57:05.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "59982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
59982
|
59994
|
59987
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I say in English \"He's only playing\" this can mean two things. It can mean\nsomething like he's just playing (and he keeps on doing so and it's bothering\nme because he should be working or something), or it can mean he's only\nplaying (and that's all - what he is doing is harmless so don't be angry at\nhim). The nuance is dependent on the tone.\n\nNow, if I say in Japanese 彼は遊んでばかりいる, does this imply that I am angry at him\nfor only playing? Or is the nuance that I am trivialising the fact that he is\nonly playing and expressing it's harmlessness?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-09T19:08:56.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59991",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T00:35:21.593",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-09T19:30:35.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "19109",
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to express \"just\" or \"only\" (that's all) with verbs?",
"view_count": 323
}
|
[
{
"body": "彼は遊んでばかりいる implies that you are angry at him for only playing, and not doing\nsomething else, because of the word ばかり. However, if you say 彼はただ遊んでいるだけ, it\ncan mean either way depending on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T00:35:21.593",
"id": "59993",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T00:35:21.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "59991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59991
| null |
59993
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "OK so I understand that to say \"He is lying to me\", you would say:\n\n> 彼は私に嘘をついている。\n\nMy question is how would i say \"The person he is lying to is me.\"\n\nor from \"I gave the book to my brother\"\n\n> 兄さんに本をあげた。\n\n\"the person who i gave the book to is my older brother\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T03:38:07.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59995",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T05:10:45.680",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-10T05:10:45.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "26263",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "How to ask a relative clause to describe an object that is marked with に。",
"view_count": 41
}
|
[] |
59995
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60003",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "There is this title of a manga called \"Ao no Exorcist\". Is this exactly the\nsame as Aoi Exorcist? can they be used indistinctly or there is a nuance or\nsomething?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T09:43:02.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59996",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T20:52:54.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "の (no) vs ~i for colors, can they be used indistinctly?",
"view_count": 305
}
|
[
{
"body": "Short answer: **No** , they have completely different meanings, especially\nwhen used in this case.\n\nLong answer:\n\n[青]{あお}のエクソシスト, when directly translated, means \"Blue's Exorcist\" due to the の\nparticle, which could be better worded as \"Exorcist of Blue\". (The exorcist is\nexorcising blue.)\n\n[青]{あお}いエクソシスト, however, uses 青{あお}い as an い-adjective to describe エクソシスト, so\nwhen translated would mean \"Blue Exorcist\". (The exorcist _is_ blue.)\n\nAnd so, \"Blue Exorcist\" and \"Exorcist of Blue\" are pretty different things. \n(Also I'm not so sure about the details of this particular manga, but I\ntranslated [青]{あお} directly as \"blue\" in this answer.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T10:45:04.170",
"id": "59998",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T11:27:38.357",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-10T11:27:38.357",
"last_editor_user_id": "20488",
"owner_user_id": "20488",
"parent_id": "59996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "The の-particle with adjectives is typically used in this case to indicate that\nthe exorcist can be identified because it's blue.\n\nIf you say 青いエクソシスト, you're saying the exorcist is blue, but there may be\nother blue ones too.\n\n青のエクソシスト is the only blue one of its kind, so the other person immediately\nknows which exorcist you mean. You could use 「青の」 to say \"the blue one\", in\nessence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T12:15:24.937",
"id": "60001",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T12:15:24.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30561",
"parent_id": "59996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "の is a linking particle that has a wide variety of meanings, and 青のエクソシスト\n(literally \"exorcist of blue\") can potentially refer to various things.\n\n * exorcist who is somehow related to blue or symbolized as blue\n * exorcist who belongs to a group somehow related to blue\n * exorcist who has a title/license related to blue\n\nIn this case, this exorcist uses special blue flame to defeat enemies, so it's\nused in the first sense. Similar examples include 鋼の錬金術師 (\"alchemist of\nsteel\"), 愛の戦士 (\"warrior of love\"), 自由の女神 (Statue of Liberty; literally\n\"goddess of liberty\") etc.\n\n青いエクソシスト (\"blue exorcist\") usually just means someone whose skin or uniform is\nblue. It may also mean \"an inexperienced exorcist\" (see the [last definition\non jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%9D%92%E3%81%84)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T13:34:20.280",
"id": "60003",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T20:52:54.283",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-10T20:52:54.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "3295",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
59996
|
60003
|
60003
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Why use 見たいない instead of 見たくない? Does it infer a different meaning? I found it\nin this sentence: 一定の点数に見たいない者は２次試験を受けることができない.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T10:32:58.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59997",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T10:32:58.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30236",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"slang"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 見たいない？",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[] |
59997
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Converting units into metric ones is quite a common translation practice in my\ncountry (especially when translating from languages of some backward\ncountries). I wonder whether translators often do so translating into\nJapanese, or they just leave the original units and add footnotes to explain\nin metric terms.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T12:26:02.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60002",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T18:41:25.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Do translators often convert units of measurement when translating into Japanese?",
"view_count": 835
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is no hard rule about this, and each translator decides whether they\nwill convert units or not, taking many things into consideration.\n\n * Young readers may not understand foreign units at all.\n * The importance of each figure depends on the context. Most Japanese people cannot instantly tell if a 身長6.5フィートの男 is tall or not, but 身長2メートルの男 is instantly understandable as a tall man. If you need to convey the clear image of his height in the story, it's probably better to convert. But converting the length of _Titanic_ (882 ft) may not be that important; usually all you need to understand is \"it was a large ship\" :)\n * Nevertheless, unconverted and unfamiliar units can add a good, exotic atmosphere to the scene. Understandably, some people always dislike unit conversions. Probably no one wants to see [500 Miles](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ExNM0RrH0o) translated as 800キロメートル.\n\nFor example, if I remember correctly, one dubbed version of _Back To The\nFuture_ uses 時速88マイル to describe the speed to achieve temporal displacement.\nAnother version uses 時速142キロ, which is far familiar to the Japanese audience.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T14:31:36.323",
"id": "60005",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T18:41:25.083",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-10T18:41:25.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60002",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
60002
| null |
60005
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60008",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading a book with pictures and I am referring to it as an 絵本. Is the\nterm used for all types of picture books or is it limited to children's books?\nI am reading an autobiography with pictures.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T16:11:33.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60007",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T19:31:37.193",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-27T14:59:37.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Does the term 絵本 refer only to children's books?",
"view_count": 234
}
|
[
{
"body": "[絵本]{えほん} in most cases refers to picture books for kids.\n\nThat definition comes first under [絵本]{えほん} in dictionaries too (either in\nonline dictionaries or physical dictionary). Excepting some particular kind of\nJapanese texts, [especially historical\nones](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B5%E6%9C%AC#%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E7%B5%B5%E6%9C%AC),\nit only refers to picture books for children.\n\nSo what you are reading could be one of the following:\n\n * [雑誌]{ざっし} a magazine\n * イラスト入りの[本]{ほん} an illustrated book\n * [画集]{がしゅう} a book of paintings\n * [写真集]{しゃしんしゅう} a book of photos\n * [図解]{ずかい}[入]{い}りの本 a book with graphical explanation\n * 図版が豊富な本 'a book rich with illustrations/photos' (sounds slightly formal)\n * 絵がいっぱい (or たくさん) ある本 'a book with many pictures' (colloquial)\n * etc.\n\nThe current edition of [広辞苑]{こうじえん} defines [絵本]{えほん} as\n\n> 「[挿絵]{さしえ}のある[書籍]{しょせき}」\n\nfirst. \"Picture books for kids\" comes next in the listed definitions.\n\nThis is because [広辞苑]{こうじえん} prioritizes meanings that are closer to the\netymology of the word when the entry has multiple definitions, as a general\nrule. [岩波国語辞典]{いわなみこくごじてん} ,a dictionary from the same publisher, prioritizes\nmodern Japanese and puts \"kids' picture books\" first, and a genre of books\nwith illustrations in the Edo period next.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T17:21:56.937",
"id": "60008",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T08:50:16.813",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30484",
"parent_id": "60007",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
60007
|
60008
|
60008
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60013",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was studying the names of the planets and noticed some similarities. Are the\ndays of the week named after the planets?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T21:08:47.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60010",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-06T07:25:13.193",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-27T14:49:25.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 18,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Are the days of the week named after the planets?",
"view_count": 3400
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, they are, and it comes from Western Influence.\n\n日曜, 月曜, 火曜, 水曜, 木曜, 金曜, 土曜 are Classical Chinese names for the Sun, Moon,\nMars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn, respectively.\n\nEnglish names for the days of the week are mostly Germanic names for the same\nplanets. Sunday, Monday, and Saturday are obvious, but we have\n\n * Tuesday (Norse: _Tiw_ for Mars)\n * Wednesday (Norse: _Odin_ ; Old English: _Wōden_ for Mercury)\n * Thursday (Norse: _Thor_ for Jupiter)\n * Friday (Norse: Frigg for Venus)\n\nChinese no longer uses this name scheme, but Korean and Japanese still use\nthis system.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T22:47:08.303",
"id": "60013",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T22:47:08.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "60010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 25
},
{
"body": "The English names really do not help, but the Italian names should give it\naway:\n\n * (Domenica) not related : Sunday\n * Lunedì : Day of the moon (\"lunar\")\n * Martedì : Day of Mars (Martian)\n * Mercoledì : Day of Mercury\n * Giovedì : Day of Jupiter (\"by Jove\")\n * Venerdì : Day of Venus\n * (Sabato) \"sabbath\" not related: Satur(n)day!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-10-06T07:25:13.193",
"id": "96509",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-06T07:25:13.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35531",
"parent_id": "60010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60010
|
60013
|
60013
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60012",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Recently I have been watching the World Cup, I wanted to know how to say\nNutmeg (as in kicking it through the other players legs) in Japanese. I figure\nit's not ナツメグ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T22:44:06.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60011",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T22:44:06.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"sports"
],
"title": "How to say - Soccer Nutmeg",
"view_count": 270
}
|
[
{
"body": "The answer was in the dictionary - but it's like the 100th entry. I had to\nscroll down really far. To express the idea of a nutmeg you say 股抜{またぬ}き.\n\nThe Kanji 股 means \"the leg from the knee up\" and 抜く means... well There a lot\nof uses of this word. It basically means \"to remove from\". It makes sense to\nuse it here, but not if I try to define it in my own words. If you are curious\ncheck this out <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/169219/meaning/m0u/>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-10T22:44:06.520",
"id": "60012",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-10T22:44:06.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "60011",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60011
|
60012
|
60012
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60016",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 軽々しく死にたいだとか\n>\n> 愛を伝えたいだとか\n\nI found these from some songs. If たい is considered an I-adj then I wonder why\nit's だとか instead of とか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T04:52:37.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60014",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-07T01:57:21.710",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "~たいだとか why is there a だ here?",
"view_count": 1500
}
|
[
{
"body": "だ between a verb/i-adjective and と/とか/なんて/etc adds an accusatory and/or\nshocked tone. In this case, this だ implies words like 死にたい and 愛を伝えたい are\ninappropriate because they are 軽々しい.\n\nFrom 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> ### だ\n>\n> ❹ 《「…━と」「…━って」「…━なんて」の形で》 **不適切と思われる相手の言葉** を直接引用して示す。多く、 **非難・意外**\n> などの気持ちがこもる。 \n> 「なに、行きたくない━と」「参加しない━なんて言わないで…」\n\nIt's even used like an accusatory sentence-end particle (masculine and rough,\nmainly in fiction):\n\n> * はあ、怖いだぁ？ Huh? (Are you saying) are you afraid?\n> * 何、知っていただ？ What? D'you say you knew this?\n>\n\n**Related:**\n\n * [Is 「３人いるだと」 grammatical?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5693/5010)\n * [what does としてもだ mean in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58949/5010)\n\n**Bonus:**\n\nIt's also possible to say \"verb + ですって?\":\n\n> * えっ、3人いるですって? Eh, (you said) there are three people!?\n> * 宿題を忘れたですって?\n> * 静かにしろですって? Do you (really) want me to shut up?\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T05:58:28.570",
"id": "60016",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T17:40:25.347",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-11T17:40:25.347",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60014",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 17
},
{
"body": "〜だとか and 〜とか are really similar meaning. Actually you can use 軽々しく死にたいとか\ninstead of 軽々しく死にたいだとか. If I were to say something like this:\n\n> 彼は軽々しく「死にたい」とか言っていた \n> （I don't feel anything about the word \"死にたい\" and him）\n\n> 彼は軽々しく「死にたい」だとか言っていた \n> (I don't like the word 死にたい or the fact he said 死にたい, I am thinking he\n> shouldn't say such a things)\n\nHowever...\n\n> Yu-chan said \"wanna quit the job\". \n> 優ちゃん「仕事やめたい」とか言ってた！\n\nIf someone said this sentence anxiously, I'd feel the person didn't want her\nto do so. In speech we usually use ~とか like this: someone said something and I\nwanna say the words.\n\nIf my friends told me 優ちゃん「仕事やめたい」だとか言ってた！ I'd feel something was wrong.\n\n優ちゃん「仕事やめたい」とか言ってた！is more naturally.\n\nAnd another situation: we use it for rumor.\n\n> 噂によると、彼はお金持ちだとか・・・ \n> According to the rumor, he is rich...\n\nI don't know if he is rich or not.\n\nSomeone said something but I don't know if it is true or not.\n\n> 友達に聞いたんだけど、Aは死にたいって言っただとか. \n> I heard from my friend that A said \"wanna die\".\n\nI hear from my friend but I don't know if it is true or not. In this case, you\ncan change ~だとか to ~らしい.\n\n> 噂によると、彼はお金持ちらしい。\n\n> 友達に聞いたんだけど、Aは死にたいっていったらしい.\n\nand sometimes we say 行ったんだとか with the same meaning as 行っただとか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T17:56:49.897",
"id": "60139",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-07T01:57:21.710",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-07T01:57:21.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30628",
"parent_id": "60014",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60014
|
60016
|
60016
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have began working at a museum in which we receive many Japanese tourists. I\nhave minimal experience in the Japanese language and am looking for a phrase I\ncan use to welcome guests after they have purchased tickets. If a different\nphrase is needed to welcome a singular guest versus a group of guests, I would\nlike to know both.\n\nAdditionally, if there are any phrases that pop into mind for working with\nJapanese tourists, those would be greatly appreciated.\n\nCheers!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T05:12:29.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60015",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T17:12:02.983",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30567",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Welcoming museum guests",
"view_count": 225
}
|
[
{
"body": "if you simply want to say \"Welcome to X Museum\" the simplest phrase is\n\n\"X Museum e yookoso.\"\n\nIf you want to say something more flowery, you could follow up by saying\n\"Please take your time and enjoy yourselves.\" which is\n\n\"Go yukkuri tanoshinde kudasai.\"\n\nkeep in mind that the \"double o\" simply means to hold that long o sound for\ntwice as long, it does NOT mean to make an \"u\" sound. Similarly, the \"double\nk\" is the notation meaning \"put a slight pause before uttering the \"ku\" sound.\nIf you are uncertain of the proper sound, you ought to be able to find online\nresources to help you say these words correctly.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T11:34:13.950",
"id": "60018",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T11:34:13.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60015",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I'm thinking something like\n\n> <Museum name> へご[来館]{らい・かん}いただき(まして)まことにありがとうございます。\n\nWhich means \"Thank you for coming to the museum\".\n\nalthough I'm not sure if that would be overly polite.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T15:25:05.693",
"id": "60028",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T17:12:02.983",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-11T17:12:02.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "29183",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "60015",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60015
| null |
60018
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "When writing the title of a book name together with the volume number, what\ntype of space (if any) is usually used? (The context is the listing on a\nwebsite.)\n\n> `\\u20`: `そらのおとしもの 第01巻`\n\nor\n\n> `\\u3000`: `そらのおとしもの 第01巻`\n\nShould there even be a space?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T12:06:51.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60019",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T12:18:20.433",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-11T12:18:20.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "16251",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"typesetting"
],
"title": "What type of space should be before 第?",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[] |
60019
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking for a formal way (as in a CV) to express something done for a\nparticular client, for example:\n\n_(I've) developed websites for Clients X and Y_\n\nThe only form that comes to mind is ～のために, but that doesn't sound formal to\nme, especially in the context of a CV.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T12:54:15.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60020",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T04:14:33.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30511",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"formality"
],
"title": "Formal way of expressing something (like a job) done for someone",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "履歴書の「制作実績」の欄などに、箇条書きで書くのなら・・・\n\n> X社・Y社 **の** Webサイト(を)制作\n\nのように、「の」を使えばよいと思います。 (「を」は省略していいです。）",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T04:06:39.493",
"id": "60040",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T04:14:33.217",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-12T04:14:33.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "60020",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60020
|
60040
|
60040
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Respected readers,\n\nI have come across the following phrase from an online article : (extract from\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011524021000/k10011524021000.html>).\n\n> 家に水が入ってきたりしたため避難所で生活している人もたくさんいます。\n\nI get the meaning of the phrase, but my difficulties are about きたりしたため。\n\na. Is it right to think that it originates from 来る and the form「～たりする」to\nexpress multiple actions (or states) ? but to me, there is only one action\nstated in the phrase...now I am very confused.\n\nb. Would it be incorrect to use ために instead of ため in this phrase ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T13:00:47.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60021",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T11:30:47.250",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-13T11:30:47.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "30305",
"owner_user_id": "30305",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Meaning of ~たりしたため",
"view_count": 222
}
|
[
{
"body": "So, きたりする does come from くる. But in this case, it is used in the form Verb ~te\n+ くる (don't usually use the kanji in this form). This combination is used\nquite frequently. This website does a great job of explaining it's uses:\n<http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2015/01/27/special-uses-of-the-japanese-\nverb-%E6%9D%A5%E3%82%8B-kuru-to-come/>\n\nThe use of たりする in this case likely indicates that there is actually more\nreasons than just the floodwater for people's evacuation. That sentence could\nbe rendered as, \"Because of factors like (mainly) the water flooding people's\nhouses...\"\n\nLastly, ため(に). Inserting the に does not change the meaning significantly,\nalthough in this usage I rarely hear it. There are some technical grammar\nrules for when you can or can't drop the に, but 要するに it doesn't affect the\nmeaning.\n\nGood luck!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T15:07:31.410",
"id": "60027",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T15:07:31.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "60021",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60021
| null |
60027
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60026",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across some words for spices, hitoaji and shichimi. It occurred to me\nthat I have never seen the terms for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 spices and so on. Do\nthese terms exist?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T13:43:42.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60024",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T16:11:21.170",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-11T14:34:16.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"food"
],
"title": "Do other numbered terms for spices besides hitoaji (一味) and shichimi (七味) exist?",
"view_count": 171
}
|
[
{
"body": "Kōshinryō means spice too. Though I only know this from Spice and Wolf. :P\n\nin addition there are several synonyms of spice which use the 味 kanji, and are\ntranslated as \"condiment\", \"flavor\", \"flavoring\" and so on, like kōmi 香味\n\n@Blavius (who deleted his comment) is right, the only \"number\" attached to 味\nthat means \"spice\" or rather \"seasoning\" is 七味... all other number variants\nwould simply translate to \"number of\" flavors...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T13:46:30.483",
"id": "60025",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T13:58:23.967",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-11T13:58:23.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60024",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Words of the form [number] + 味 do exist:\n\n * 一味【ひとあじ】 _hitoaji_ ≠ 一味【いちみ】 _ichimi_\n\n * 三味 = 三味線【しゃみせん】 [_shamisen_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamisen)\n\n * 五味【ごみ】 _gomi_ \"five flavours\" (sweet, spicy, bitter, sour, salty)\n\n * 六味【ろくみ】 _rokumi_ \"six flavours\" (sweet, spicy, bitter, sour, salty, bland)\n\n * 七味【しちみ】 _shichimi_\n\n * 百味【ひゃくみ】 _hyakumi_ \"hundred flavours\"\n\n_Shichimi_ is a particular blend of seven spices (chili pepper, sesame,\ntangerine peel, poppy seed, rapeseed, hemp seed,\n[_sanshō_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum) — of course\nrecipes may add other / leave out some ingredients).\n\nAs @Chocolate pointed out 一味唐辛子【いちみとうがらし】 _ichimi tōgarashi_ (or _ichimi_ for\nshort) is sometimes used to refer to straight chili pepper ( _tōgarashi_ )\nwithout the other ingredients.\n\nThe others (3, 5, 6, 100) don't refer to a particular blend of spices.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T14:29:46.670",
"id": "60026",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T16:11:21.170",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-11T16:11:21.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "60024",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60024
|
60026
|
60026
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60032",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is a grammar rule in DoBJG which looks like ◎ことは◎, where both ◎ are the\nsame verbs (or adjectives). But there is no examples with する-verbs in this\nbook.\n\nWhich one is correct?\n\n * 私は日本語を勉強することは勉強しましたが不合格でした。\n * 私は日本語を勉強することはしましたが不合格でした。\n\nIf none, how should I construct a sentence using said grammar?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T17:04:19.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60030",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T18:10:15.003",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-11T17:49:44.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "30577",
"owner_user_id": "30577",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Proper use of ◎ことは◎ for する verbs",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both are grammatical and perfectly make sense, but the former looks a bit too\nwordy to me. Anyway, this is a rather literary construction, and probably\n勉強するにはしたが or 勉強しはしたが is more common, according to some quick searches on\n[BCCWJ](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T18:10:15.003",
"id": "60032",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T18:10:15.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60030
|
60032
|
60032
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60036",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I respond to kochirakoso with doumo. Is this appropriate or necessary? What is\nthe correct response? A dialogue starts with ohayou x 2 yoroshiku\nonegaishimasu x 2.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T21:34:53.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60034",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T22:24:16.387",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-11T22:20:10.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Is there a response to kochirakoso?",
"view_count": 538
}
|
[
{
"body": "No response is needed, but doumo is not bad per se.\n\n<https://www.japaneseforbeginners.info/2016/01/doumo.html>\n\nkochirakoso is the other speaker saying \"from me, as well\" (usually thank you\nor sorry, depending on context) so they have literally responded to something\nyou've just said, and don't really expect you to respond to their response,\nit'd be like and endless chain of \"sorry\" \"no, sorry\" \"no, sorry\"\n\nJust continue the flow of the conversation, and you'll be fulfilling their\nexpectations. Though again, doumo is not a \"wrong\" thing to say there, just\nnot needed really.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T22:24:16.387",
"id": "60036",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T22:24:16.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60034",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60034
|
60036
|
60036
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60039",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm helping a friend making a vertical neon sign for an installation with the\nword hikikomori. As I don't know anything about Japanese I just googled the\ntranslation, but can't understand how to order the characters. Should I just\ntake 引き籠もり and then place one character on each line as read from top to\nbottom like:\n\n引\n\nき\n\n籠\n\nも\n\nり\n\nOr should the order be the other way around when writing vertically? Languages\nare just not my thing...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T22:10:40.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60035",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T02:51:55.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30582",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Making a sign one column vertically. Don't know anything about Japanese",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "It should like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/W9V1S.png)\n\n * You can just place each character from top to bottom, without rotating. For details, please see [Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts)\n * The word _hikikomori_ is usually written as ひきこもり, in all-[hiragana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana#Table_of_hiragana). Avoid complicated kanji 引 and 籠. The latter is probably impossible to reproduce with a neon tube, anyway.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T02:39:07.233",
"id": "60039",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T02:51:55.833",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-12T02:51:55.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60035",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60035
|
60039
|
60039
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60047",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Respected readers,\n\nI would very much appreciate your help for this problem,\n\nSo, I want to say: 'These birds prefer hopping over flying, so normally you\nwould see them hopping from branches to branches.'\n\nMy sentence is: '飛ぶことよりホッピングするが好きなので、普通に...(I don't know)...枝と枝をホッピングするを見える。\n\nI think the second part of the sentence has some major grammar issues...\nAdditionally, I have no idea how to say 'they', as in the birds I'm\ndescribing, which is highlighted with the brackets.\n\nPlease help me and point out any other mistakes, Thank you so much!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T05:17:50.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60044",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T15:44:23.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"usage",
"phrase-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "I'm trying to describe a bird hopping from branches to branches",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "Dictionaries say \"hop\" is translated as \"ぴょんぴょん跳ぶ\"，\"跳び回る\", \"飛び跳ねる\".\n\n\"they\" is translated as \"彼ら\" and you can say その鳥たちが, or you may omit it.\n\nSo I translated it as\nこれらの鳥たちは、飛ぶことよりも飛び跳ねることが好きなので、普通に(日常的に)彼らが枝から枝へと飛び移るのが見えるだろう.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T08:17:12.150",
"id": "60047",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T15:44:23.077",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-12T15:44:23.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "60044",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60044
|
60047
|
60047
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60048",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In [this\nmanga](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6)\nabout boxing I found the following unrelated sentences:\n\n> 1) もっと探れ… 伏黒【ふくろ】さんの拳。小さくても攻撃を未然に防ぐため… **芯を通して** くる。\n>\n> 2) **芯の通った** パンチを打ってこなくなって… 後退を優先してる。\n\nIn the first the protagonist is thinking about how to anticipate his\nopponent's punches. In the second he is saying that after he stopped blowing\n芯の通ったパンチ his opponent preferred to retreat. What is the exact meaning of 芯を通す\nand 芯の通る? I think they have something to do with determination and strength,\nbut I am not sure. My attempts:\n\n> 1) I need to understand Fukuro's punches better. They are not powerful, but\n> to anticipate them I need _to focus/be determined_.\n>\n> 2) After I stopped blowing _strong_ punches, he preferred to retreat.\n\n[Here you can see](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XkRzV.jpg) the two pages where\nthe sentences are taken from. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T06:03:04.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60045",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T14:52:15.767",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-13T14:52:15.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"manga",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of 芯を通す and 芯の通る",
"view_count": 403
}
|
[
{
"body": "「芯が通る」とは、[ここ](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%8A%AF%E3%81%8C%E9%80%9A%E3%82%8B)に定義があるように、\n\n物の中心に一本、硬いものが通っているさま。転じて、簡単な困苦には動じない意志や気力が備わっている様子や、考え方が一貫しているさまなどを表す。\n\nまた、「芯が通る」をより理解するためには、[ここ](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E8%8A%AF+%E3%81%8C%E9%80%9A%E3%82%8B)の同音語や類義語を見ると良い。\n\n上記の意味から考えるとOPの１）の解釈は合っているように思う。一方、２）の解釈で示された「強いパンチ」は、 **結果として強い**\nのであって、気力のこもったパンチ、急所を外さないパンチ、あるいは無駄のない研ぎ澄まされたパンチを意味しており、繰り出したパンチが100％効果的に相手にダメージを与えるから「強い」と解釈すると良いと思う。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T07:12:01.173",
"id": "60046",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T07:12:01.173",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "60045",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "(Context: Fukuro (black hair) is a highly defensive boxer who focuses on\ndodging and feinting rather than trying to knock the opponent out. The\nprotagonist (Riku) is inexperienced and doesn't know how to deal with this\ntype of boxer. Riku wants to induce Fukuro to a vicious exchange of punches,\nwhich he is good at, but Fukuro is becoming even more defensive after gaining\nenough scores to win by decision.)\n\nBoth instances of 芯が通る describe the same thing; **Fukuro's** not-so-aggressive\nbut clever punches, and his consistently defensive fighting style. Do you\nremember [～てくる/～てこない refers to something moving toward the\nspeaker?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010) We can tell \"I need\nto focus\" and \"I stopped blowing punches\" are incorrect just by seeing those\nくる/こない.\n\n芯が通る in this context means something like \"to be meaningful/reasonable and\nconsistent\", \"to have one's own style/belief\", etc.\n\n> 小さくても攻撃を未然に防ぐため… \n> Although Fukuro's punches are light, they are for preventing my\n> (counter-)attacks.\n>\n> 芯を通し **てくる** 。 \n> He is (or his punches are) consistent and reasonable. / He is following his\n> own style.\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> 芯の通ったパンチを打っ **てこなく** なって… \n> Fukuro has stopped throwing those (consistently defensive) punches (to\n> me)...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T09:50:05.377",
"id": "60048",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T15:32:44.517",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-12T15:32:44.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60045",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60045
|
60048
|
60048
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know Google Translate is not always your best friend when it comes to\nJapanese, but when trying to compare what I'm understanding of my lessons and\nwhat I find in guide samples I'm a bit confused about the mandatory usage of\nthe の particle.\n\n```\n\n 1. 今年春休み\n 2. 今年の春休み\n 3. 今年春の休み\n 4. 今年の春の休み\n \n```\n\nThey all look to mean the same thing: \"Spring break this year\".\n\nNow for my comprehension of the の particle usage I thought number 4 would be\nmore correct, while the guide uses number 2. And now I wonder: is the の\nparticle optional? It there a general rule I can understand for when it has to\nbe used and when not? Thanks in advance for replies.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T10:26:27.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60049",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T11:10:35.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18387",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "今年の春休み - Optional usage of の",
"view_count": 95
}
|
[
{
"body": "the possessive の particle is not optional, although in \"lazy\" speech some\npeople might drop it in some cases when really they shouldn't.\n\nUnfortunately for the sake of your question, (at least using the example of\n\"Spring break (of) this year\" / \"This year's Spring break\") the reason number\n2 is correct while the other choices are wrong or slightly weird is simply\nbecause those two words, 今年 and 春休み are very standard Japanese terms.\n\nThere is no reason to place a の particle between 春 and 休み because \"the break\nof Spring\" is less intuitive than 春休み \"Spring break\".\n\nSimilarly, 今年春 is not a standard way of referring to \"Spring this year\", it's\nwrong because you're identifying 春 as belonging to 今年 and you need the の\nparticle to denote that.\n\nIf there is a rule that helps you identify these situations other than simply\n\"knowing common vocabulary\", unfortunately with my level of Japanese I'm not\naware of it.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T11:10:35.487",
"id": "60051",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T11:10:35.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60049",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60049
| null |
60051
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60055",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a reason why the passive and the potential form in Japanese are\nidentical (at least for える/いる verbs)? I mean, does one etymologically derive\nfrom the other? Or were they perhaps modelled on a similar original form? If\nso, how does the え form for other (non-える/いる) verbs fit in?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T11:02:28.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60050",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-21T20:08:01.817",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-21T20:08:01.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"passive-voice",
"classical-japanese",
"potential-form",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "Is there a reason why the passive and the potential form are identical (at least for える/いる verbs)?",
"view_count": 668
}
|
[
{
"body": "Etymologically, various usages of れる/られる derived from one base meaning, \"\n**without someone's will** \". In modern Japanese, れる/られる is still sometimes\nused in this sense (known as 自発【じはつ】 or \"spontaneous\"). See: [Why is the\npassive form used in this\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42680/5010)\n\n> 故郷【こきょう】が思【おも】い出【だ】される。 I (spontaneously) remember my hometown. (I didn't\n> intentionally try to recall that, but it occurred to me.)\n\nThen the \"passive\" sense came into use. I think the reason is straightforward;\nthe passive voice is basically used to describe something that happened to you\nwithout your will. This also explains why Japanese passive voice often implies\nthat you were negatively affected (aka\n[迷惑【めいわく】の受【う】け身【み】](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1777/5010) or the\n\"suffering passive\").\n\n> 雨【あめ】に降【ふ】られた。 Rain fell (against my will, and I was bothered).\n\nThe \"potential\" sense of れる/られる originally derived from the negation of\n自発【じはつ】. Something like \"it never (naturally) happens that ～\" or \"not in the\nsituation where ～\" eventually became \"cannot\". The non-negative potential\nsense (i.e., \"can\") followed.\n\n> (archaic Japanese) 弓矢【ゆみや】して射【い】られじ。 \n> It never happens that you shoot them with an arrow. \n> → You cannot shoot them with an arrow. \n> ≒ (modern Japanese) 弓矢【ゆみや】で射【い】られない。\n\nれる/られる also has an \"honorific\" meaning. This is also an extension of \"not my\nown will\" (i.e., it's the will of \"your highness\", etc.).\n\n(Note that those shifts in meaning actually happened long ago when [archaic\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Japanese_language) was used.\n[る](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%8B)/[らる](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%89%E3%82%8B)\nwere the precursors of modern れる/られる.)",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-12T12:21:50.473",
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60050
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60055
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60055
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60056",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is the term a form of chat slang meaning yes?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T11:33:05.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does うい mean?",
"view_count": 554
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's just another humorous way of saying \"yeah\" or \"okay\". It's probably from\neither French _oui_ or\n[うっす/うぃっす/うぃーす](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18014/5010). It's rare\nbut used nationwide, especially by otaku-ish people. You should not use it\noutside of very casual settings.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-12T12:42:21.487",
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"body": "So, i have met this phrase\n\n> 私があの子を救ってあげなければ、誰が救うと言うのですか？\n\nNow, with a quick glance, my brain translated it as something like \"if i\nhaven't saved her, who would have done that?\".\n\nHowever giving it another look, i can see that it probably means something\ncloser to \"if i don't save her, who would do that?\" because that kind of\nconditional (救ってあげなければ) can't be used for past actions, so it's something that\nthe speaker has yet to do i guess. (correct me if im wrong, but i think the\nonly way to make a past conditional is by using ーたら, right?)\n\nBut there's something else that's been bothering me in this phrase: the\nending. What does と言うの means here exactly? Some people explained it to me by\nusing a raw translation (ex: can you name a person that would save her, except\nme?\" but i still can't comprehend it fully.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"rhetorical-questions"
],
"title": "The meaning/nuance of と言うの",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[
{
"body": "言う means \"speak\" or \"say\", so a natural way of translating this would be, \"If\nI don't save her, who are you saying would?\" or \"If I don't save her, tell me\nwho (the hell) would?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T12:50:06.940",
"id": "60057",
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60054
| null |
60057
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60060",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I reply with genki desu routinely, but wanted to use a variety of different\nresponses to answer this question. I want to say I'm fine, ok, well, happy,\nand other different ways to answer this question. I want to use various\npositive responses.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T14:19:07.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60059",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What are some alternative answers to ogenki desuka?",
"view_count": 35999
}
|
[
{
"body": "there are a lot of possible generally positive responses to \"ogenki desu ka\":\n\n> the standard \"(hai,) genki desu.\" meaning \"I'm fine/I'm energetic.\" \n> \"ma ma desu\" meaning \"I'm so-so.\" \n> \"kekko ii desu yo.\" meaning \"I'm pretty good.\" \n> \"ii kibun desu.\" meaning \"I'm feeling good.\" \n> \"saikou (ni ii kibun desu)\" meaning \"I'm feeling awesome!\"\n\nthere are variations on these, and the list is hardly exhaustive, so I'm sure\nother people will chime in with other examples.\n\nThe issue with these other ways of responding is that they are usually said\nwith the intention of getting the other person to ask you what's going on, in\nother words, to start a conversation about what is happening in your life.\n\nJust like with English speakers, where the set phrase is \"How are you?\" \"I'm\nfine.\" is designed as a casual greeting that shows you're neither ignoring or\nbeing ignored, \"O genki desu ka\" \"genki desu\" is just how a Japanese person\ngreets and gets on with their day, minimal fuss. Any other replies will draw\npeople into a conversation, so if that is NOT your goal, you might want to\nthink about whether you really want to change up the greeting or not.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T14:43:29.987",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "One common/typical response is:\n\n> はい、おかげさまで。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T15:37:13.620",
"id": "60062",
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"body": "For example:\n\nEnglish: This juice is purple.\n\n日本語 1: このジュースは紫です。\n\n日本語 2: このジュースは紫色です。\n\nDoes the kanji 色 need to be palced after colours?\n\nFrom what I understand, sometimes the kanji 色 is necessary. For example, in\n灰色, without the 色 kanji, it would just mean \"ash\", right? But, I don't get why\n紫 needs to have 色 next to it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T15:34:54.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "30594",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"colors"
],
"title": "Does 色 (iro) have to be placed after colour kanji?",
"view_count": 372
}
|
[
{
"body": "You don't need it because when you reply it, you have usually been talking\nabout color. Even without that condition, you don't particularly need it,\nafter all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
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60061
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60064
|
60064
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60088",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a good etymological reason why the potential form in Japanese\nrequires the が particle?\n\nWhen dealing with the -たい suffix, which also requires the -が particle for what\nin other languages would be its object, I always conceptualised the word\nbefore -が acting as the subject of a \"passive desiderative\". This might\nactually historically be wrong (I am not sure), but it made it seem much more\nlogical in my head.\n\nSo 私は寿司が食べたい then translates conceptually into \"as for me, sushi is desired to\nbe eaten\", or changing the form into an adjective (which the -たい form kind of\nis): \"as for me, sushi is desirable for eating\". Thus \"sushi\" becomes the\nactual subject of the sentence, and the が particle becomes logical.\n\nNow I am looking to see if it is possible to find a similar explanation for\nthe reason why the が particle is used for the potential form… I can of course\nsimply see the potential as a passive (quite logical, as the forms are\nidentical for -いる/える verbs anyway), but that leaves me with a different\nmeaning (e.g. \"as for me, Japanese is written\", rather than \"I can write\nJapanese\"). This would only make sense if the potential meaning directly\nderives from an earlier passive meaning, which I am not sure of.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T16:35:54.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60066",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"passive-voice",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Is there a good etymological reason why the potential form in Japanese requires the が particle?",
"view_count": 570
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'll divide my answer in two parts.\n\n**Part 1: The connection with V-ことが出来ます and the tendency of using を**\n\nAs I mentioned in the comment, I think there is a relationship between the が\nused in the potential form and the construction V-ことが出来ます.\n\nLet's consider the example: 地図が読める / 地図を読むことができる.\n\nBasically in Japanese we can distinguish these two cases:\n\n 1. [Subj]は[Obj]が[State predicate (状態述語)]\n 2. [Subj]が[Obj]を～することができる/～することができない\n\nThe state predicate is a predicate that expresses the object being in a\ncertain status, and 1. in general indicates that the subject has the ability\nor desire of doing something.\n\nIn our example 読める/読みたい are state predicates (状態述語) and we can use が:\n\n> 「私は地図が読める（expresses the condition of having the ability of）」\n>\n> 「私は地図が読みたい（expresses the condition of desiring)」\n\nThese are both correct.\n\nIn the second case, the sentence would be 私は地図を読むことができる. It happens often that\nthe V-ことが出来ます part is changed into the potential form, which turns the\nsentence into 私は地図 **を** 読める. I think this is commonly used and accepted by\nnative speakers as well, especially in spoken Japanese. However, I believe the\nmost grammatically correct version would be with **が**.\n\nA discussion around this subject can be also found at this\n[link](http://lang-8.com/1073259/journals/12332404197211659352027308014373375082).\n\n**Second part: why が is used.**\n\nI think the discussion\n[here](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1110999806)\npretty much answers your question. Let me just cut and paste the most relevant\npart:\n\n> Potential verbs are formed like 話【はな】す → 話【はな】せる, and so-called \"passive\n> verbs\" and \"spontaneous verbs\" are formed via the same pattern. These other\n> verb [types] are not formed quite as regularly as the potential, which has\n> almost no exceptions, so these are listed as headwords as derived verbs in\n> other dictionaries.\n>\n> [Translator's note: ≒ as used below means \"is roughly equivalent to\".]\n>\n> 「謎【なぞ】を解【と】く \"solve a riddle\"」 →「謎【なぞ】が解【と】ける \"a riddle can be\n> solved\"」≒「謎【なぞ】が解【と】かれる \"a riddle is solved\"」 (passive)\n>\n> 「気【き】を置【お】く \"set down / aside one's attention / interest\" (used\n> idiomatically to mean \"to be respectful of someone else's intent; to be\n> relieved\"」→「気【き】が置【お】ける \"one's interest can be set down /\n> side\"」≒「気【き】が置【お】かれる \"one's interest is set down / aside\"」 (spontaneous)\n>\n> The derivation process for potential verbs is the same as these.\n> Consequently, the original tendency has been for potential verbs to not take\n> the を object case.",
"comment_count": 8,
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60088
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{
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"body": "What is the difference between 大変{たいへん} and 難しい{むずかしい} which can both mean\ndifficult.\n\nIn which context should i use one or the other?\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T17:16:32.157",
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"id": "60067",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Difference between 大変{たいへん} and 難しい{むずかしい}",
"view_count": 3827
}
|
[
{
"body": "My understanding is that you'd use 難しい whenever speaking about the innate\ndifficulty of a task, and 大変 whenever the task is difficult due to being\nburdensome. Oftentimes they are interchangeable but not always.\n\nConsider the scenario in which you're talking about, say, a piano piece, which\nhappens to be hard. If you're an unskilled player, the piece is both 難しい\n(innately difficult) and 大変 (difficult because it's tough to perform it for\nyou). If you're a skilled player, the piece doesn't stop being 難しい, but it\nmight not be 大変 especially if you like to play it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-12T17:27:10.670",
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{
"body": "Aside from the general meaning of \"difficult\", Japanese people also say 難しい\nwhen they actually mean \"it cannot be done\", \"I can't\" or \"I don't want to\".\nFor example:\n\nBoss: Can you come to work on Sunday? (日曜日に会社に来てくれないかな。）\n\nMe: Sorry boss I can't. （いや～、それは難しいです。すみません。）\n\nIn the above example, 難しい can be used but not 大変. On the other hand, Japanese\npeople also use 大変 to mean \"very\", \"so\" or \"a lot\" as in the following\nexamples, but 難しい cannot be applied.\n\nIt was so hot in Okinawa! （沖縄は大変暑かった！）\n\nThis task will take a lot of time. （この作業は大変時間がかかります。）",
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"creation_date": "2018-07-13T02:12:02.467",
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60067
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60068
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60068
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"body": "I read in a manga this bubble:\n\n> てめぇ一回だって自分の力一つで何とかできたことあったかよ？\"\n\nOne translation says: `Have you ever handled something with your own power?` \nThe second translation says: `You've managed to settle everything on your own\nbefore haven't you?`\n\nThey contradict, is he mocking him for never doing anything on his own or\ntrying to be supportive ?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T18:40:58.630",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Help with meaning",
"view_count": 173
}
|
[
{
"body": "He is mocking the 2nd person. The てめぇー and あったかよ are very clear on that. The\nfirst translation is correct but 力 doesn't have to be \"power\", it could mean\n\"on your own\". Like: \"For once in your life have you ever handled something on\nyour own?\n\nIf trying to be supportive, one could say something\nlike「あなただって一回くらいは自分の力ーつで何とかできたことがあるでしょう？」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T02:56:05.623",
"id": "60086",
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60070
| null |
60086
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60074",
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"body": "I know the symbol is placed in front of the postal code. How is it pronounced?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T20:00:22.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60071",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T20:06:19.330",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 20,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How is the 〒 postal code symbol pronounced?",
"view_count": 5166
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%80%92)\nthe symbol itself is named 郵便記号{ゆうびんきごう}, but EDICT/Jisho also lists\n[`ゆうびん`](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%80%92) as \"reading\" for it. Since the\norigin of the symbol is katakana te (テ), you can probably just say \"te\" as\nwell.\n\n[Chiebukuro\noffers](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11151592236):\n\n * 郵便記号(ゆうびんきごう、〒)\n * 郵便マーク(ゆうびんマーク)\n * 郵便番号(ゆうびんばんごう）\n * 日本の郵便事業・郵便局の記号・シンボルマークです。\n\nIf you want to read it as part of the address (e.g. `〒100-8994`), I would\nsuggest using the word for \"post code\" (郵便番号{ゆうびんばんごう}).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T20:26:18.623",
"id": "60074",
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"score": 22
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60071
|
60074
|
60074
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60076",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that yonaka is considered to be during the middle of the night. Are\nspecific time periods involved?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T20:14:10.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60072",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What times are considered to be 夜中?",
"view_count": 196
}
|
[
{
"body": "[This dictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/228064/meaning/m0u/) defines\n`夜中` as, among other things, `夜のなかば` - literally \"middle of the night\". Much\nas in English, there is no firm definition of exactly when the \"middle of the\nnight\" is. Ultimately a person's interpretation is going to depend to some\ndegree on their lifestyle, opinions, and many other things.\n\nThat said, according to an investigation the NHK did a while ago, it seems\nlike many people think of `夜中` as starting at 11 PM and ending at 3 AM.\n\nNote: see\n[here](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/research/001.html) for the\ninvestigation original text. It literally says `午後11時台～午前2時台`, but my\nassumption is that `午前2時台` encompasses the period of time between 2 and 3 AM\nand consequently the entire period of time ends at 3.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T21:50:23.777",
"id": "60076",
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"score": 7
}
] |
60072
|
60076
|
60076
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60077",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm studding for the JLPT and found a phrase よくしゃれを言う人。After I looked up the\ndefinition of しゃれ I assumed the phrase meant \"jokester\". But what is the\ndifference between しゃれ and 冗談？\n\nI kind of got the idea that しゃれ is more of a witty comment. Is that right? I\nwould also assume you can't say \"しゃれだったよ！\" like \"冗談だった！\" for \"just kidding!\"\nor \"I was just joking\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T20:14:58.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60073",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-12T20:44:12.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "29183",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "use of しゃれ vs 冗談",
"view_count": 306
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to the [all-knowing\nChiebukuro](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1419674484),\napparently `洒落{しゃれ}` is used for smart/witty comments or jokes, usually with\nthe intention to make someone laugh, while `冗談{じょうだん}` could refer to things\nlike teasing, fooling around or making fun of someone. So it seems \"しゃれだったよ！\"\nis not a correct usage for \"just kidding!\".\n\nThen there is `おしゃれ` used to refer to fashionable/trendy/stylish/elegant\npeople or things.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T21:56:01.187",
"id": "60077",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3295",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60073
|
60077
|
60077
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "There are several words which have vowel variations. This seems like it could\nbe a fossilization of morphological processes in an older version of Japanese.\nHow much do we know about these processes? Can we reconstruct a grammatical or\nphonological explanation for these vowel variations?\n\n```\n\n 雨: あめ\n 雨水: あまみず\n \n 月：つき\n 月読：つくよみ\n \n 高：たか\n 丈：たけ\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-12T22:21:46.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60078",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-12T22:21:46.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3221",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"history"
],
"title": "What do we know about vowel variations such as 雨 read as あめ/あま",
"view_count": 87
}
|
[] |
60078
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to express: 'He is good at basketball. In comparison, she is less\nskilled.'\n\nMy sentence is: 彼はバスケットボールで上手です。彼女は、比べて、下手です。\n\nIs this correct? Please correct me for any errors I've made\n\n皆さま回答よろしくお願いしますm(_ _)m",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T00:13:30.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60079",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T01:14:09.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"usage",
"particles",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "The usage of 比べて -- without saying the thing being compared to?",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "「比べて」 can't stand alone. You could use 「それに比べると」, as in...\n\n> 彼はバスケットボール **が** [上手]{じょうず}です。彼女は、 **それに比べると** 、｛[上手]{じょうず}ではありません。/\n> [上手]{うま}くありません。｝\n\nそれに比べて would be grammatically correct, but それに比べて、彼女は下手です。/ 上手ではありません。 would\nsound like \"In contrast / Unlike him, she is unskilled/poor.\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T00:58:52.793",
"id": "60080",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T01:14:09.877",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-13T01:14:09.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "60079",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60079
| null |
60080
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I had a (little) hard time finding the word 宣材{せんざい}. It was neither in the\nMidori dictionary nor Chrome's rikaikun extension. I had to google it.\n\nI found an explanation here on\n[kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%AE%A3%E6%9D%90-549947) but not much\nmore. My question is, is it a relatively new word? Or simply it is not\nconsidered a \"real word\" but just a shortened form of 宣伝材料? Although in the\nsecond case I would still expect it to pop up in a dictionary such as Midori\n(maybe with a reference to 宣伝材料).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T02:06:24.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60081",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T02:51:05.113",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-13T02:32:17.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "14205",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "Why the word 宣材 is not in the dictionary?",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's a common abbreviation in the marketing or showbiz field, but it's still\njargon, and simply not common enough to be listed in generic dictionaries. You\nshould be able to find this in a テレビ業界用語集, etc. It's also listed in [this\nWikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%AD%E7%95%8C%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E#%E8%8A%B8%E8%83%BD%E3%83%BB%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD%E3%83%BB%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E3%83%BB%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F%E3%83%BB%E5%A0%B1%E9%81%93)\nalong with many other words not in ordinary dictionaries. The meaning is easy\nto guess, anyway.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T02:47:42.507",
"id": "60085",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 4
}
] |
60081
| null |
60085
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60084",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The basic context is this is in response to someone explaining themselves\nafter an accusation was thrown at them. The speaker was a listener in this\nconversation who trusts the accused. I just can't wrap my head around the\n\"そこまでは\" part of the sentence. The まで in particular confuses me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T02:10:43.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60082",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T02:23:24.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"さすがにそこまではしません！”",
"view_count": 105
}
|
[
{
"body": "Think of そこまで as the degree of severity of the accusation. For example, if the\naccused is known to lie sometimes, but now he is accused of lying that\nactually got somebody hurt or dead. The accused is now trying to explain that\n(although he lies) he won't go that far. I hope you get the idea.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T02:23:24.697",
"id": "60084",
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"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "60082",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60082
|
60084
|
60084
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60096",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": ">\n> 「。。。私は、人間が生得的に備えた「笑いの能力」はまず、新生児の微笑から顕在化すると考える。そして、その微笑が、人間関係の最初に位置するところの笑いと考えておきたいのである。 \n> この新生児微笑は、人 **によって** はまったく問題にもされず、一種の生理的痙攣であると言う人がいる。」\n\n（井上宏の『笑い学のすすめ』を参照しています。）\n\nここでは「によって」はどういう意味ですか？同じ使い方で例文を挙げてくれませんか？ I don't understand what the author is\ntrying to say here 人 **によって** はまったく問題にもされず\n\nI tried comparing it to other sentences like\n\n> 人々によって違います。\n>\n> 人間の行動による影響\n\nBut it doesn't make sense. Why does he use 「によって」 here?\n\n教えてください",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T09:23:16.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60091",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T15:02:13.320",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "「によって」の意味と使い方についての質問です",
"view_count": 714
}
|
[
{
"body": "> **人によっては** まったく問題にもされず、一種の生理的痙攣であると言う人がいる\n>\n> (Lit.) \n> **Depending on the person** , they may not even think of it as an issue,\n> saying that it is a kind of physiological reflex\n>\n> (rendered more naturally) \n> **According to some people** it's not even worth noting because it's just a\n> physiological reflex. \n> OR \n> **Some people** don't even consider it to be an issue, saying that it is a\n> kind of physiological reflex\n\nI think you are on the right track with `人々によって違います。` (btw, should just be\n`人によって違います。`) but note the は after によって this has a big impact on the meaning.\nIt can make the difference between \"depending on\" and \"according to\" when\nthinking in English.\n\nRelated: [How does は apply itself to\nによっては?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/8095/how-does-%E3%81%AF-\napply-itself-to-%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T10:35:41.793",
"id": "60093",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-13T10:35:41.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "60091",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": ">\n> 「。。。私は、人間が生得的に備えた『笑いの能力』はまず、新生児の微笑から顕在化すると考える。そして、その微笑が、人間関係の最初に位置するところの笑いと考えておきたいのである。\n>\n> この新生児微笑は、人 **によって** はまったく問題にもされず、一種の生理的痙攣であると言う人がいる。」\n\n先ず確認しておきたいのは、前半の文章にあるように、作者はこの「新生児微笑」という理論を全面的に支持しているということです。\n\n後半で述べているのは、この理論は決してすべての学者・専門家から同様に支持されているわけではなく、中にはそれを完全否定している人たちもいるということです。わかりますね？\n\nこの「～～によって（は）」は、「 **問題となっているグループの中のひとつひとつ/ひとりひとりについて言うと**\n」という意味になります。「新生児微笑の理論」を支持する者と全く支持しない者がいると言っています。後者のグループには、「新生児微笑理論」を「一種の生理的痙攣」であると切り捨てていると作者は述べているのです。\n\n同じ意味で「～～によって（は）」を使った例文をあげておきます。\n\n> 「アメリカ合衆国では、州 **によっては** 赤信号で車が右折できるところがある。」\n>\n> 「この大学では、学生 **によっては** 毎日往復5時間以上かけて通学しています。」\n>\n> 「同じ地域の住民でも、人 **によって** 好きなラーメン店は全く異なります。」\n\nいかがでしょうか？すべて、「グループ全体の中の一部はこうである」と言っているのがお分かりになりますか。\n\n質問者さんは、この意味での「～～による」を、別の意味を持つもう一つの「～～による」と混同されているようです。\n\n> 「人間の行動 **による** 影響」\n\nこちらの「よる」は、「 **物事が起きる原因** 」を表しています。\n\n例えば、\n\n「人間 **によって** 環境が破壊される。」\n\n「大雨 **によって** 家が流されてしまった。」\n\nといった使い方をします。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T14:23:45.340",
"id": "60096",
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"score": 4
}
] |
60091
|
60096
|
60096
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60363",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a good historical or logical explanation why we cannot generally use\n言う in the 3rd person in the past tense? Why do we have to resort to 言っている for\nthe 3rd person part tense (言っていた), unless it happened 'just now'. Also, why is\nthis not the case for the 1st person and the 2nd person?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T10:37:36.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60094",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-24T17:40:39.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"conjugations",
"classical-japanese",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "Is there a good historical explanation why we cannot generally use 言う in the 3rd person in the past tense?",
"view_count": 199
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe this has to do with the Japanese tendency to avoid foisting their\nthoughts/expectations on their conversational partners. For example, 言う\nexpresses some level of \"intention,\" to say something. It's not kosher to\nassume someone's intentions, so they avoid it by 言ってる. 言う is a stative verb in\nthat it reflects the state of the person/thing performing the action as\nopposed to reflecting continuous action. Thus 言ってる means that they \"have said\"\nas opposed to \"are saying.\" This is similar to 来る in that 来ている means \"came and\nis here\" as opposed to \"coming.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-24T17:40:39.520",
"id": "60363",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30657",
"parent_id": "60094",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60094
|
60363
|
60363
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60098",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading a book like the bible called the モルモン書 (Book of Mormon) and ran\nacross something that was a little confusing. In one of Jesus' sermons it has\nthis sentence:\n\n> ...[partaking of the bread and water] show unto God that you Always remember\n> me. (Jesus Speaking)\n\nThe Japanese renders this as\n\n> [パンと水を受けることで]あなたがたが、いつも私を **覚えている** ことを神に証明するであろう。\n\nSo what is the deal with いつも覚えている？ How can you have \"always\" next to a verb\nconjugation that indicates the action is currently taking place, or will\ncontinue to take place in the future?\n\nI have heard sentences like `he's always eating` rendered as `彼はいつも食べている`, but\nI don't get the sense that this will continue in the future. Because Jesus is\nspeaking about people remembering God in the future, it's always sounded odd\nto me. Especially because I don't feel like you can use it in the future\ntense. `明日、私はきっとこれを覚えている` also sounds kind of strange to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T14:34:39.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60097",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-14T04:13:50.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "29183",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Confused on いつも ＋ verb~ている",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you are of the LDS (aka Mormon) faith, you will also notice that in the\nweekly church meetings, the blessing of the bread and water (specifically the\nblessing of the water) also uses the same structure. I've included the direct\nquote to show that this is not an isolated usage\n\n> ... **いつも御子を覚えていること** を、永遠の父なるかみよ、あなたに証明して... \n> ... and witness unto thee, O God, the Eternal Father, that they do **always\n> remember him** ...\n\nI think that the greater context of this translation is that with regards to\nthe future, the intention is that the individual who takes the sacrament will\nshow that they _always be in the state of_ remembering him (Jesus).\n\nFor future tense, as you are probably well aware, there isn't a specific\ngrammar that you can use. Additionally, as [this\nsource](http://guidetojapanese.org/blog/2008/05/26/actually-japanese-has-\nfuture-tense-kind-of-2/) notes:\n\n> Grammatically, Japanese does not have a future tense in the sense of a verb\n> form reserved strictly for the future. However, that’s because the whole\n> idea of present tense is ambiguous. It’s more accurate to say there is no\n> present tense and the plain form is the future tense in addition to other\n> usages. What we commonly think of the present tense as expressing what’s\n> happening now is really the present progressive which Japanese clearly has\n> in the 「～ている」 form.\n\n* * *\n\nSo how is this phrase future tense? The answer all relies on the verb that is\nactually happening in the sentence, 証明する.\n\n覚えている is followed by a nominalizer, こと. This turns `remembering` into `the\nthing of remembering.` From this point, we can pretty much treat it as a noun,\nbut the translation can sometimes get sticky.\n\nNow adding on 証明する, we get:\n\n> 覚えていることを証明する \n> witness that (you) will be in the state of remembering\n\nThe action verb is witnessing (証明する).\n\nAdding いつも should be a simple jump to:\n\n> always witness that you will be in the state of remembering.\n\nThat sounds a little wordy, so rewording the English:\n\n> witness that you will always remember\n\nNotice that in the English translation, your action is not remember, but\nwitness. Because of that, the 覚えている in this translation is expected to\ncontinue occur in the future.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T15:24:40.560",
"id": "60098",
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}
] |
60097
|
60098
|
60098
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the sentence (from Harry Potter) below Dudley tries to grab the letter and\nthen read it.\n\n>\n> ダドリーが[手紙]{てがみ}を[奪]{うば}って[読]{よ}もうとしたが、おじさんは[手]{て}が[届]{とど}かないように[高々]{たかだか}と[掲]{かか}げていた。\n\nWhen I read it until `...としたが` I thought the action of grabbing succeeded, but\nwhen Dudley tried to read the letter something happened that prevented it.\n\nHowever from the latter part I seems that Dudley didn't even managed to grab\nthe letter because the uncle was holding the letter high above.\n\n 1. Is my understanding the Dudley didn't even grab the letter correct?\n 2. How can we change the first part of this sentence in order to convey that Dudley actually grabbed the letter? Would using `と言って` work? \n\n>\n> ダドリーが[手紙]{てがみ}を[奪]{うば}ってと言って、[読]{よ}もうとしたが、おじさんは[手]{て}が[届]{とど}かないように[高々]{たかだか}と[掲]{かか}げていた。",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-13T15:34:46.673",
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"owner_user_id": "26539",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Meaning of the the structure 〜V1てV2ようとしたが、〜 in the sentence",
"view_count": 219
}
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[
{
"body": "1. According to the English version of the book (and the movies too if I remember correctly), Dudley couldn't grab it. So yes you were right about that point.\n\n> Dudley tried to grab the letter to read it, but Uncle Vernon held it high\n> out of his reach.\n\n(Harry Potter 1 P27, by J.K. Rowling)\n\nI think the key grammar here is not just としたが but ようとしたが\n\nしようとする means trying to do something. For example\n\n食べようとしている means trying to eat (something)\n\nBut in the sentence you provided it connected with が which indicates a\ncontradiction with the latter part of the sentence.\n\nSo 読もうとしたが means, he did try to read it but (failed to do so because\nVernon...) \n\n 2. I'm not sure what you are trying to say here but I believe that と言って is not use for that purpose. I think we use と言って when referring to a speech or quotation.\n\nP.S. To answer the question in your title, I think the Ｖ１て。。。 structure here\nis used to connect two actions together chronologically. So I think it turns\n奪って読む into 奪って読もうとする [He grab it then read it] -> [He tried to grab it and\nread it]",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T15:49:58.157",
"id": "60101",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-14T02:24:07.493",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-14T02:24:07.493",
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{
"body": "I dont know the original sentences but...\n\nDudley couldn't touch the letter even one time.\n\nso in this scene, his uncle(おじさん)has the letter, and Dudley tried to rob the\nletter and read the letter but he couldn't both of them.\n\nif he could rob the letter but he couldn't read,\n彼は手紙を奪って読もうとしたが、おじさんは手紙を取り上げ手の届かないように高々と掲げていた。\n\nhe could get the letter but his uncle get it back.\n\nand if he could rob and read the letter halfway but he couldn't read all of\nthe letter. 彼は手紙を奪って途中まで読んだが、おじさんは手紙を取り返し手が届かないように高々と掲げていた。\n\nand your question, 奪って読もうとしたが there are two verbs, and ~が.\n\n\"奪って読もう\" including (奪おうとした：tried to rob）and (読もうとした:tried to read). and you\ncan estimate to failed some action from 〜が.\n\nthere are two possibility, Dudley couldn't rob, and couldn't read. or, Dudley\ncould rob but couldn't read. (in the case could read but couldn't rob, if u\ncould read, Dudley have to rob the letter.)\n\nand next sentence Uncle hold the letter higher place. that means he holding\nletter, if Dudley could rob, there are the expression Uncle could get the\nletter back.\n\nbut the original sentences there is no such expression. so that means Dudley\nfailed to rob the letter.\n\nso, first question, yes you are correct.\n\nand next question,\n\nif Dudley could get the letter, but couldn't read. and keep the next sentence\nlike that.\n\nダドリーは手紙を奪った後にすぐ奪い返され、おじさんは手紙を手の届かないように高々と掲げていた。\n\nin this case Dudley couldn't read even one word of letter.\n\nダドリーは手紙を奪って読んでいるときに奪い返され、おじさんは手紙を手の届かないように高々と掲げていた。\n\nin this case Dudley could read halfway but couldn't read all.\n\nif you want to change, you should explain the fact that uncle get the letter\nbuck.\n\nim Japanese. so, im sorry for some mistakes of English.",
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60099
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60101
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60102",
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"body": "> 「。。。なるほど個人がひとつきりの体でその人生を生き、それを指して「わたし」と言いながらも全部がわたしと感じるゆえに「このわたし」\n> **なんてものは個人を超えた大きなものの** 、やっぱり一瞬間でしかないような気持ちにさせられます」\n\n（川上未映子『世界クッキー』文藝春秋）\n\n質問１：この「なんてものは」は「なんというものは」の省略ですか？\n\n質問２：タイトルの通り、「個人を超えた大きなものの」はどういう意味ですか？\n自分が習った文法では、「ものの」は「だが」の意味です。だから「個人を超えたものの」だけでも十分ではないかという疑問を持っています。「大きな」は何を表しているですか？\n\n教えてください。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-13T15:36:57.000",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「。。。個人を超えた大きなものの」ってどういう意味ですか？",
"view_count": 558
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[
{
"body": "質問1:\n\nどちらかといえば「～なんていうものは」の省略かと思います。\n\n意味は、”Things like ~”\n\n質問2:\n\n非常に哲学的な文章ですね。 全文を読んだわけではないので、拡大解釈をしますと…\n\nまず、この「ものの」の直後にある濁点「、」ですが意味的な区切りを表しているのではなく、恐らく、読みやすさのためのものでしょう。\n\n> ～個人を超えた大きなものの、やっぱり一瞬間～\n\nの部分ですが、これは\n\n「大きなものの一瞬」\n\nとつながります。\n\nここで、一瞬の直前に「やっぱり」を挿入すると非常に読みづらくなるので、句読点を挿入したと考えられます。\n\nつまり、質問者さんの言う「だが」の意味ではなく、「大きなものの一部」といった用法です。\n\n”A part of a large thing”\n\nさて、簡単のため、「やっぱり」を抜き文章を書きなおしますと…\n\n> 「このわたし」なんてものは個人を超えた大きなものの一瞬間でしかないような気持ちにさせられます。\n\n個別にみていきます。\n\n> 個人を超えた大きなもの\n\nこの部分は「宇宙、地球、人類もしくは歴史」と解釈できます。\n\nつまり、「このわたし」は個人を超えたもの（宇宙、歴史）の一瞬（宇宙から見れば刹那）でしかないような気持ち、と解釈できます。\n\nここで、省いた「やっぱり」ですが、「一瞬」の直前に配置することで、自身のちっぽけさを「再認識」しているのでしょう。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T16:45:28.957",
"id": "60102",
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{
"body": "> 質問１：この「なんてものは」は「なんというものは」の省略ですか？\n\nこの「なんて」の「なん」は、「[何]{なに}」ではなく、「 **など** 」が音便化したものです。\n\n「～なんて」 ＜＜ 副助詞「 **など** 」＋ 格助詞「とて」\n\ncf. 「なんて」（何て） ＜＜ なんという ＜＜ **なに** という（何+と+言う）\n\nですので、「『このわたし』なんてものは」は、「『このわたし』 **などという** ものは」と言い換えることができます。\n\nこの「～なんて」や「～などという」は、取り上げるものを **軽んじていう気持ち** を表しています。この場合は「このわたし」を軽んじて取り上げています。\n\n> 質問２：タイトルの通り、「個人を超えた大きなものの」はどういう意味ですか？\n> 自分が習った文法では、「ものの」は「だが」の意味です。だから「個人を超えたものの」だけでも十分ではないかという疑問を持っています。「大きな」は何を表しているですか？\n\nあなたの習った「ものの」は、接続助詞としての用法です。\n\n今回の「ものの」は、名詞「もの（物）」＋格助詞「の」です。\n\n先の回答者さんが仰るように、\n\n> 「このわたし（などというもの）は、個人を超えた大きなものの（やはり）一瞬間でしかない」\n\nという構文です。\n\n本文を読んでいないのではっきりわかりませんが、この「大きなもの」は、「宇宙」「世界」「永遠」「人類全体」のような、そんな感じの「自分が属する大きな存在」を指しているのかな、と思います。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-14T01:15:11.523",
"id": "60107",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-14T01:24:09.027",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-14T01:24:09.027",
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"body": "Some additional notes:\n\nIn real-life usage, the phrase \"~なんてものは\" – as well as its other variants – is\noften followed by \"所詮(しょせん)\" or \"所詮~に過ぎない\".\n\n> {e.g.}: 愛 **なんてものは** / **などというのは** / etc、 **所詮** 幻想 **に過ぎない** 。\n\n* * *\n\nNuance-wise, the phrase \"~なんてものは (所詮~に過ぎない)\" has a\n(self-)deprecating/depreciating connotation of:\n\n> ( **When it's all said and done** ), I can't help but feel like _I_ am\n> **nothing but** a tiny, insignificant speck – a leaf in the storm – in the\n> great scheme of things, living a fleeting moment in the eternal flow of\n> time.\n```\n\n 「このわたし」なんてものは個人を超えた大きなものの、やっぱり一瞬間でしかないような気持ちにさせられます。\n \n```",
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"creation_date": "2018-07-15T22:50:29.113",
"id": "60144",
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] |
60100
|
60102
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60102
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60105",
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"body": "Is 英語を喋りますか the proper way to ask someone if they can chat online using\nEnglish?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T19:00:51.113",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "英語を喋りますか？ Can you chat online using the English language?",
"view_count": 348
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[
{
"body": "These are some of the ways I've seen being used(but from japanese people\nasking if the other person could speak japanese):\n\n> 英語は大丈夫ですか。- Eigo wa daijoubu desu ka. - Is english ok?\n>\n> 英語で話してもいいですか - Eigo de hanashite mo ii desu ka. - Is it ok if we speak in\n> english?\n>\n> 英語が話せますか。 - Eigo ga hanasemasu ka. - Can you speak english?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-13T21:21:11.867",
"id": "60105",
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"body": "As @Felipe_Oliveria has given the way to ask someone about his English\nspeaking capabilities in Usual ways. But you want your words in the proper way\nthen you should use\n\n> \"英語でお喋りしますか。\"\n\nFrom \"喋ります\" to \"お喋ります\" will make it more polite. Also, the \"で\" particle is\nusually used for any Language / Medium. like 英語で、日本語で. Hope this will help\nyou. :)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-14T05:57:03.530",
"id": "60109",
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60104
|
60105
|
60105
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60117",
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"body": "Most of the time, I use to say \"お疲れ様です\" while someone else leaving the office.\nBut many of my colleagues say \"お疲れ様でした\". Does it have any difference?\n\nAlso, I want to know, can we use \"お疲れ様です\" while working in the office to any\nsuper senior person like CEO of the company and etc..",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-14T05:28:28.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60108",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-14T17:33:18.980",
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"owner_user_id": "30591",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"classical-japanese",
"clause-pattern"
],
"title": "Difference お疲れ様です vs お疲れ様でした while leaving from office?",
"view_count": 2786
}
|
[
{
"body": "I have heard several levels of formality of this phrase, said to me when I'm\nleaving my schools, and said to other people who leave before me, as well:\n\n> お疲れ\n>\n> お疲れさん\n>\n> お疲れ様\n>\n> お疲れ様です\n>\n> お疲れ様でした\n\nBe careful with the first two forms in the list, as they are more informal,\nand should only be used with colleagues you feel close to, or people below you\nin the pecking order where you work.\n\nAside from the levels of politeness, there is little difference between these.\nThe difference between です form and でした is basically just verb tense\ndifferentiation:\n\nお疲れ様 **です** = thanks for **working** hard (today) \nお疲れ様 **でした** = thanks for all the hard work **you did** (today)\n\nand yes, you can say お疲れ様 to your superiors as they leave for the day.\n\nOne difference between the two is that お疲れ様 **でした** is said to people who are\nleaving, by people who are still working, and it conveys a slight sense of\nenvy because the speaker still has work to do.\n\n> *edit: I don't understand the downvotes, if it's my \"ing\" vs \"ed\"\n> interpretation, is there a better way to parse the difference?",
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"creation_date": "2018-07-14T11:41:17.370",
"id": "60113",
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"body": "The difference is small, but お疲れさまです is a generic greeting used in business\nsettings, whereas お疲れさまでした explicitly states someone's work is over for today.\nIn everyday exchanges, whichever is fine, but お疲れ様です may sound relatively a\nlittle bit more friendly/casual, and お疲れさまでした may sound a little bit more\npolite/formal. If you want to clearly express a feeling of appreciation after\nsomeone finished a difficult job (i.e., \"thank you, well done\"), お疲れ様でした is\nalways better.\n\nYou can usually safely use お疲れ様です to someone who is much higher than you\n(although there may be a better phrase, like よろしくお願いします/ありがとうございました if it's a\nvisit for 視察).",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-14T17:04:59.910",
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60108
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60117
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60117
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{
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"body": "I'm always bothered by ということで. What does it mean this time? Could it be a kind\nof \"by\" (\"Are you going to kill me by accident too?\")\n\n> なぁに、姉さん。その銃は。 ……私も暴発ということで殺すの？\n\nBy the way, since 暴発 is used as a noun, shouldn't it be **だ** ということで?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-14T10:29:53.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60111",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of ということで this time?",
"view_count": 1388
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「なぁに、姉{ねえ}さん。その銃{じゅう}は。 ……私{わたし}も暴発{ぼうはつ} **ということで** 殺{ころ}すの？」\n\nIn this sentence, 「～～ということで」 means \" **by calling it ~~** \", \" **by claiming\nit as ~~** \", etc.\n\nIn meaning, it is highly synonymous to 「～～ということにして」.\n\n> \"What's that gun for, Big Sister? Are you gonna kill me by calling it an\n> accidental discharge?\"\n\nFinally,\n\n> By the way, since 暴発 is used as a noun, shouldn't it be だということで?\n\nIt can be, but that would be too \"formal\" or wordy for the situation. Frankly,\nit would be too bookish a line to utter when your life is on the line.\n\nThe speaker could have chosen to say 「暴発ってことで」 as well if she had wanted to\nsound even more informal.",
"comment_count": 5,
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60112
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{
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"body": "I do understand that they can be interchangeable, but can you provide me some\nexample to understand the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-14T15:31:44.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60115",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-29T10:10:35.873",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-14T19:59:27.717",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between まま and っぱなし？",
"view_count": 2619
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[
{
"body": "まま- helpful link\n\n<http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%BE-mama/>\n\nっぱなし- helpful link\n\n[https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n3-grammar-っぱなし-\nppanashi/](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%A3%E3%81%B1%E3%81%AA%E3%81%97-ppanashi/)\n\nbasically まま is used when we keep something \"as it is\" and っぱなし is used to\nwhen we keep something in \"use\"",
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"creation_date": "2018-07-14T20:56:15.343",
"id": "60120",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9803",
"owner_user_id": "9803",
"parent_id": "60115",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "まま and っぱなし have similar meanings but っぱなし, when used with a transitive verb\nimplies that the action or state in question is judged as \"improper\" (e.g.,\nnot socially appropriate, goes against one's common sense) and is seen as\nsomething \"negative\". まま does not carry that negative connotation.\n\nAside from this, there are certain verbs that only work with either まま or っぱなし\nbut not both.\n\nSee p. 335 of [A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese\nGrammar](https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=CMYpAQAAIAAJ&hl=es&source=gbs_similarbooks).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-29T10:10:35.873",
"id": "78295",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29327",
"parent_id": "60115",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60115
| null |
60120
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60121",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "New York is called the Big Apple, Seattle is the Emerald City. Does 東京 have a\nnickname?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-14T19:55:59.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60119",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T08:29:20.450",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-15T08:29:20.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Does 東京 have a nickname?",
"view_count": 4024
}
|
[
{
"body": "Tokyo **_does not_** have a nickname in the same sense that New York City has\nthe nickname, the Big Apple.\n\nTokyo can occasionally be referred to by its old name 「江戸{えど}」 when that fits\nthe speaker/writer's aesthetic purposes. One would definitely need a native-\nlevel fluency to use it \"correctly\". If used randomly, it would sound\nludicrous at best.\n\nIt is not a common practice at all to give towns nicknames in Japanese\nculture, but as a rare exception, quite a few places (most notably 金沢{かなざわ})\nare often referred to as 「小京都{しょうきょうと}」 (\"Little Kyoto\") mainly for tourism-\nrelated purposes. It is a compliment in our culture to say that a town or area\nreminds one of Kyoto.\n\nBack to Tokyo...\n\nIf the degree of recognition in the present time did not matter, Tokyo was\ncalled **the Big Mikan** for a short period of time a few decades ago. But it\nwas outside of the Japanese-speaking culture and it never took off even in the\nU.S. where the name was created.\n\n<https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=Big+Mikan>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T02:00:17.737",
"id": "60121",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T02:00:17.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60119",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
60119
|
60121
|
60121
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60123",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: after being defensive for the whole match, a boxer finally decides to\nfight with all his power out of respect for his opponent. These are his\nthoughts:\n\n> 選手生命を捧げているキミにとってボクシングの存在 感謝でも **愛でも** 到底届かない域に達していることを\n>\n> それ程のボクシング **愛を持つ** キミとのこの試合… 敬礼したくなる\n\nMy non-literal translation attempt:\n\n> Your boxing creed, which implies sacrificing your own life, is at a level\n> that can't be reached with gratitude or **love**.\n>\n> I want to honor this fight with someone like you that **loves** boxing so\n> much.\n\nIn the first sentence he said that level of boxing can't be reached with love,\nso why in the second he says ボクシング愛を持つキミ? Is this a contradiction or did I\nmisunderstood the two sentences? Does 愛 in the second sentence have a\ndifferent nuance? [Here you can see](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YTh4t.jpg) the\nwhole page and the previous one for more context. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T02:47:17.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60122",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T04:26:11.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances",
"manga",
"sports",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "Is there a contradiction in these sentences?",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[
{
"body": "They aren't a contradiction.\n\n感謝でも愛でも到底届かない域に達している means \"He loves and thanks boxing so much that nobody can\nreach the level.\"\n\nThe two sentences say \"He loves boxing very much\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T04:26:11.267",
"id": "60123",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T04:26:11.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "60122",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60122
|
60123
|
60123
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60126",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This sentence is not all that complicated, but I'm having a bit of trouble\nunderstanding exactly what it means and how the grammar is working. It's a\nquote from Japanese author Yoshikichi Furui (古井由吉):\n\n私は内向の世代の一人といわれていますが、内向の世代というのは七〇年ごろ出てきた一群の作家たちで、当時、「難解」という非難を向けられた。\n\nI would translate it something like this:\n\n\"It is said that I'm one of a generation of introverts, but within the group\nof novelists emerging around 1970 that made up this generation, I was at the\nsame time faced with criticism for being 'obscure.'\"\n\nI'm not sure about:\n\n 1. How the 内向の世代というのは is working... Is it repeated in this way to set up a redefinition -- that in talking about a \"generation of introverts,\" what is really meant is a specific group of writers emerging around 1970?\n\n 2. Is it clear at the end that 非難を向けられた refers to the speaker as an individual, as opposed to the group of novelists as a whole being faced with the criticism?\n\nAny thoughts much appreciated : )",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T04:39:23.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60124",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T18:16:42.433",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-15T08:26:03.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27656",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Help understanding / translating a Japanese sentence with nested clauses",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 私は内向の世代の一人といわれています _が_\n\nThis 'が' is working like 'and' rather than 'but.' \nYou can use 'が' or colloquial 'けど' [in this\nway](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2086/%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-at-\nthe-end-of-the-sentence) when you set up a theme or a topic.\n\n> 内向の世代というのは七〇年ごろ出てきた一群の作家たち _で_\n\n'で' is the conjunctive form of 助動詞 'だ', and 'だ' indicates assertion（断定）.\n\nWith the way it is used here (*), this conjunctive form is putting an end to a\npredicate, without putting an end to the sentence. The terminal form 'だ' would\nhave ended it, requiring a full stop after it:\n\n * ・・出てきた一群の作家たちだ、当時、「難解」という・・(You cannot do this.)\n * ・・出てきた一群の作家たちだ。当時、「難解」という・・(You can, with some side effects.)\n\nSo in its conjunctive form, 'で' is also working like 'and', I think.\n\nWith the couple of segments I have quoted above, 内向の世代というのは is working like\nthis:\n\n * They say I belong to the generation of introverts. It is a group of novelists that emerged around 1970 and...\n\n> 当時、「難解」という非難を向けられた\n\nBecause the subject has not changed, this is another predicate that describes\n'内向の世代'.\n\n * ...it faced criticism for being 'obscure.'\n\nTherefore 非難を向けられた also refers to 内向の世代, but not to the speaker as an\nindividual.\n\n* * *\n\n(*)For more information for the use of conjunctive forms, you could start from\n[this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/9772/30484).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T06:28:35.840",
"id": "60126",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T18:16:42.433",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-15T18:16:42.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "30484",
"owner_user_id": "30484",
"parent_id": "60124",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "You've made a fairly common mistake while parsing this sentence. You thought\nthat が here essentially works like the English \"but\", however that is not the\ncase. The part following it doesn't negate anything that was said before, it\nsimply elaborates on what 内向の世代 is.\n\nThis が works similarly to the English \"and for those who don't know (what\n内向の世代 is)\", while というのは is a typical structure for defining things. And it\ncan't be a redefinition since 内向の世代 wasn't really defined in the first part of\nthe sentence, it was simply mentioned.\n\nI believe it is now clear that 非難を向けられた refers to the whole group of writers.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T10:39:11.417",
"id": "60128",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T10:39:11.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"parent_id": "60124",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60124
|
60126
|
60128
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there any difference between the following expressions? When do I have to\nuse one over the other one?\n\nA:私に消しゴムを借りさせて下さいませんか。\n\nB:私に消しゴムを貸して下さいませんか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T08:37:12.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60127",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T17:36:14.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30625",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "私に消しゴムを借りさせて下さいませんか versus 私に消しゴムを貸して下さいませんか",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "We don't say the sentence A. I think the sentence B is a bit unnatural. It\nwould be 消しゴムを貸してくれませんか or 消しゴムを貸して下さい.\n\nThe respect form of 借りる is お借りになる and the humble form of that is お借りする and\n拝借する. So you can say 消しゴムをお借りしてもよろしいですか? and this is very polite.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T11:41:45.743",
"id": "60130",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T11:41:45.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "60127",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "B:私に消しゴムを貸して下さいませんか means that the lender is the listener, while\nA:私に消しゴムを借りさせて下さいませんか means that the lender is not necessarily the listener.\nPractically, you don't use A.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T17:36:14.433",
"id": "60138",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T17:36:14.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "60127",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60127
| null |
60138
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60131",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "夜 - night\n\n晩 - counter for nights\n\nIs there a difference in time reference, i.e., is 今晩 earlier/later than 今夜?\n\nIs there a difference in style, i.e., is one more reserved than the other? \nIf so, which one is more reserved?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T10:52:15.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60129",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T08:23:05.127",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-28T04:07:11.560",
"last_editor_user_id": "26635",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Difference between 今晩 and 今夜",
"view_count": 4588
}
|
[
{
"body": "As a Japanese native speaker, I would say there's no difference between them.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T12:06:24.110",
"id": "60131",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T12:06:24.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30626",
"parent_id": "60129",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "According to [this page](http://chigai5.lance3.net/z00689.html), both 晩 and 夜\nrefer to the time after sunset, but 晩 is supposed to describe the period while\nthere is still light remaining (similar to 夕方 ) and 夜 is from when it’s become\ncompletely dark until dawn. However, they were being confused since long ago\nand and with words like 一晩中 (all night long) there may even be an impression\nthat 晩 refers to a later time period than 夜.\n\n>\n> 夜とは完全に空が暗くなってから薄明かりが見えてくるまでの時間のことを指す。太陽が沈んだ後だとしても、空に明かりが残っているうちはよるという言葉を使わないのが本来の意味である。\n>\n>\n> それに対して晩は、太陽が沈んでから、空が完全に暗くなるまでの間のことを指す。つまり夕方と時間帯が被ることになる。だが、「一晩中」という言葉も存在しており、夜と晩が混同されて使われているのは昔からである。こういった言葉が存在するために、夜よりも晩の方が遅い時間帯を指しているように錯覚してしまっているともいえる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T08:23:05.127",
"id": "60480",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T08:23:05.127",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "60129",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60129
|
60131
|
60131
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60133",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I searched the word 居間 on Jisho and noticed that it referred to a Western\nstyle living room. I originally assumed that リビングルーム referred to a Western\nstyle living room. Is there a term for a Japanese style living room?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T13:26:26.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60132",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T04:38:08.887",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-16T04:38:08.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What term denotes a Japanese style living room?",
"view_count": 527
}
|
[
{
"body": "「居間{いま}」 can be used regardless of the styles you speak of. (You should not\ntrust everything Jisho tells you.)\n\nAnother highly common word is 「（お）茶{ちゃ}の間{ま}」.\n\nI should perhaps mention the fact that rooms in Japanese homes have\ntraditionally been far more multipurpose than their \"Western\" counterparts.\nItems such as futon and folding low tables make that possible. A room that is\nused as an 居間 or お茶の間 during the day can easily turn into a \"bedroom\" at\nnight. That transformation would not even take five minutes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T13:50:36.830",
"id": "60133",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T13:50:36.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60132",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
60132
|
60133
|
60133
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Does 上鳴 mean shut up? I didn't find a good meaning of this in the dictionary.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T14:16:30.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60134",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T18:13:15.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-15T14:36:19.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"manga",
"names",
"anime",
"puns"
],
"title": "Does 上鳴 mean shut up?",
"view_count": 303
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, if you're [still\nreading/watching](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58498/1628) 僕のヒーローアカデミア\nMy Hero Academia, then [上鳴【かみなり】 is the name of a character in that\nmanga/anime](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E4%B8%8A%E9%B3%B4%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97).\n(Being a proper name, you wouldn't find it in a dictionary — of course it's a\npun on 雷【かみなり】 \"thunder/lightning\" which you _will_ find in a dictionary.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T14:35:28.737",
"id": "60136",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T14:35:28.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "60134",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "that is character's name. and the words 上鳴 there is no meaning. just a pun.\n\nother character's also.\n\n飯田天哉（iida tennya）his ability is engine(fast leg) his name came from\n韋駄天(idaten) one of the god in japan.\n\n八百万百（yaoyorozu momo）his ability is create(make a lot of things). her name came\nfrom 八百万の神（yaoyorozu no kami）in Japan, there are a lot of god. the god of\nwater, the god of tree, the god of fire, the god of chair, the god of\ntable...even it is artificial things, there is god. and she can make these\nthings by her ability.\n\nlike this other character also has the meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T18:13:15.957",
"id": "60140",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-15T18:13:15.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30628",
"parent_id": "60134",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60134
| null |
60136
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60137",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Animals make sounds and communicate. Is there a proper name collectively for\nthese sounds?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T14:17:30.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60135",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T03:40:58.280",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-15T14:56:38.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"animals"
],
"title": "Is 動物語 a valid term for the sounds that animals make?",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it could be '[動物]{どうぶつ}の[鳴]{な}き[声]{ごえ}'. \nThere are words for chirp and carol （さえずり）, barks （[吠]{ほ}えごえ）,etc. but as a\ncollective term for the sound of animals, it is the only phrase I know of.\n\nAs for the '動物語', it is what we would likely come up with as a coined word for\n'animal language', when we are anthropomorphizing animals playfully.\n\nIn fact, the first page of Google search results gives me a link to a toy\ncalled [動物語翻訳機]{どうぶつごほんやくき}, among others.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T15:11:59.220",
"id": "60137",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T03:40:58.280",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-16T03:40:58.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "30484",
"owner_user_id": "30484",
"parent_id": "60135",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60135
|
60137
|
60137
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60143",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to say a clothes washing day. Am I correctly using 洗濯日 to indicate a\nday for washing clothes? I seem to also remember a term sentakubiyori/youri?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T19:07:57.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60141",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T04:09:08.933",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-16T04:18:34.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "May I use 洗濯日 to indicate a day for washing clothes?",
"view_count": 456
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is no such word as \"先週日\" in Japan. \nBy the way, \"先週\" means last week.\n\nAnd sentakubiyori is ”洗濯日和”. \nThat means the weather is really good, and good for washing clothes (usually\nsunny day).\n\n洗濯 means laundering, washing (clothes). \n日和 means good weather (sunny).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-15T19:18:00.233",
"id": "60143",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T04:21:28.150",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-16T04:21:28.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30628",
"parent_id": "60141",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "For \"a clothes washing day / a day for washing clothes\", I think you could\nprobably say like...\n\n> (お)洗濯の日 \n> 洗濯する日 \n> 洗濯機を回す日\n\nas in...\n\n> 今日は(お)洗濯の日です。 \n> 明日は洗濯する日じゃないんです。 \n> うちは洗濯機を回す日を月・水・金と決めています。\n\nbut I think you'd probably sound more natural if you said it more simply\nlike...\n\n> 今日は(服を)洗濯します。 / 洗濯機を回します。 \n> 明日は洗濯しません。 \n> うちは月・水・金に洗濯します。 / 洗濯機を回します。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T04:09:08.933",
"id": "60174",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T04:09:08.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "60141",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60141
|
60143
|
60143
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "あなたがプレゼントしてくれたカバン、今でも大切にしているよ。\n\nあなたがプレゼントしたカバン、今でも大切にしているよ。\n\nI can't understand why してくれた is the right form to say _the bag you gave me as\na present_ in the past tense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T01:29:16.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60145",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T02:12:14.747",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-16T01:34:27.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "30632",
"owner_user_id": "30632",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How is プレゼントしてくれた different from プレゼントした?",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 1) あなたがプレゼント **してくれ** たカバン、今{いま}でも大切{たいせつ}にしているよ。\n>\n> 2) あなたがプレゼント **した** カバン、今でも大切にしているよ。\n\nBoth sentences are grammatical, but they mean **_completely_** different\nthings. I am sure many other users here will thank you for asking this\nquestion because this is an extremely common mistake among Japanese-learners.\n\nPresent- **giver** :\n\n1) the listener （あなた）\n\n2) the listener （あなた）\n\nPresent- **receiver** :\n\n1) the speaker (unmentioned) -- \"me\"\n\n2) **a third person** (unmentioned) -- \"Bob\", \"Mr. Takahashi\", etc.\n\n「くれる」 expresses an action being performed for (the benefit of) the\n**_speaker_** and not for anyone else. The English equivalent of this would be\n\"doing something for/to me\".\n\nThus, the two sentences mean:\n\n> 1) I still treasure the bag that you gave me as a present.\n>\n> 2) (Someone) still treasures the bag that you gave (him/her) as a present.\n\nStrictly speaking, however, it would be more natural to say 2) as:\n\n> あなたがプレゼント **してあげた** カバン、今でも大切にしているよ。\n\nUnlike 「くれる」, 「あげる」 expresses an action being performed for a **_person other\nthan the speaker_**.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T02:12:14.747",
"id": "60146",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T02:12:14.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60145",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60145
| null |
60146
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "10年越しの夢がようやく叶った。\n\n10年の夢がようやく叶った。\n\nI'm familiar with using the particle の before a noun to form an adjective-like\npossessive form. But how is 越しの different from saying の?\n\n[What does 鏡越し mean in this\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41283/what-\ndoes-%E9%8F%A1%E8%B6%8A%E3%81%97-mean-in-this-sentence)\n\nI read this past question, but it still does not solve my question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T02:16:07.893",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60147",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T02:55:02.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30632",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "When should I say 10年越しの夢 instead of 10年の夢?",
"view_count": 79
}
|
[
{
"body": "「10年{ねん}の夢{ゆめ}」, while it is something native speakers would actually say,\nsounds quite plain. It sounds as though 10 years were not such a long time to\nwait for the dream to come true.\n\nIn order to emphasize just how long the 10-year period has felt to the\nspeaker/writer, we would often say:\n\n「10年[越]{ご}しの夢」 or\n\n「10年[来]{らい}の夢」\n\nBoth would be very useful expressions to learn.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T02:55:02.613",
"id": "60148",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T02:55:02.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60147",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60147
| null |
60148
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60151",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I hope you did not experience anything as sad today.\n\n今日そんな悲しさをなければと希望してます。\n\n今日そんな悲しいことがなければといいな。\n\n今日そんな悲しさをなかったらといいな。\n\n今日そんな悲しいことがなかったと希望してます。\n\nAre any of these close to what I am trying to say? To give context I found a\nmikan ice cream today and was really happy but it turned out to be really bad.\nSo I was talking with a girl and wanted to say that I hoped nothing as said\nhas happened to her. Is there maybe a better way of saying this than I am\ntrying to use?\n\nThank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T07:58:06.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60150",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T03:32:17.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30640",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "To hope something would or would not happen",
"view_count": 442
}
|
[
{
"body": "**Caution** : It is easy to \"translate\" things into Japanese, but whether or\nnot that translated phrase/sentence would actually be uttered/written by a\nnative Japanese speaker somewhere is a totally different matter.\n\nFirst, my comment on each of your attempts.\n\n> 今日{きょう}そんな悲{かな}しさ **を** なければと希望{きぼう}してます。\n\nUngrammatical for using 「を」. 「ない」 is an adjective, so you cannot use an 「を」\nright in front of it.\n\n> 今日そんな悲しいことがなければ **と** いいな。\n\nUngrammatical for using 「と」 there. You can say 「ない **と** いい」, but not 「なければ\n**と** いい」. That 「と」 needs to be dropped.\n\n> 今日そんな悲しさ **を** なかったらといいな。\n\nUngrammatical for the same reason as the first sentence. You might want to\nreview the particle 「を」. You may have been over-using it.\n\n> 今日そんな悲しいことがなかったと希望してます。\n\nLooks pretty good as far as grammar. We just do not use 「希望する」 nearly as often\nas English-speakers use \"to hope\". Remember if you can that 「希望する」is a bigger\nword than \"to hope\".\n\nMy own TL's:\n\n「こんな悲しい出来事{できごと}が、今日{きょう}君{きみ}には起{お}こらなかったことを願{ねが}ってる。」\n\n「こんな悲しいことが、今日、少{すく}なくとも君には起きなかったことを願ってる。」\n\n「こんな悲しい出来事が、今日君にはなかったことを祈{いの}って・・」",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T09:30:42.933",
"id": "60151",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T03:32:17.427",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-17T03:32:17.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60150",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60150
|
60151
|
60151
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60155",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say that a person is wonderful:\n\n> 「素敵な人。」\n\nIs there a more appropriate way to tell a person they are wonderful? This is\nmy entire sentence:\n\n> 「あなたは素敵な人です。」\n\nI want to use the term to say to a friend.",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T11:47:06.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60153",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-23T04:12:08.470",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-23T04:12:08.470",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Can I use 素敵 to describe a wonderful person?",
"view_count": 1495
}
|
[
{
"body": "yes, you can use 素敵(な) to describe a person as well as things and places, but\nbe careful.\n\nYou can use it to describe things and places in a way that could mean they\nhave a \"charming\" or \"lovely\" look and or feel:\n\n**素敵な** 店ですね！\n\nWhen describing people, depending on context, it MIGHT be understood that you\nmean \"wonderful\", BUT in general, in regards to people, 素敵 is a description of\ntheir appearance, not their personality.\n\nQ:テニス部のキャプテンはどんな人ですか？\n\nA: **素敵な** 人ですよ！\n\n(in this Q&A, it's possible 素敵な人 could be understood to mean \"wonderful\",\ndepending on the context of the entire conversation, but from just this Q&A,\nit will almost certainly be thought to mean \"lovely/pretty\")\n\nあの子はすごく素敵ですよ！\n\nThat girl is so lovely!\n\nIf you want to complement a friend in a nice way, and you're not looking to\ndeepen the friendship into a romance, it's more appropriate to use words like\n\nいい人、やさしい人、親切な人\n\n\"wonderful\" is a concept that is not really used to describe people, in\nJapanese. You can say 素晴らしい人 but it sounds very \"over the top\", and actually\nseems to place you in a position of \"judging\" them rather than complementing\nthem, so I think it'd backfire on you.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T12:26:27.990",
"id": "60155",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T14:00:33.413",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-16T14:00:33.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60153",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60153
|
60155
|
60155
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60177",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: in the last round of a match, a boxer realizes his opponent is just\nrepeating the same combination over and over. I think 骨 in the following\nsentence has a metaphorical meaning, but I don't know how to interpret it:\n\n> 支えるのはもう… 剥き出した骨のみ\n\nI think the general meaning of the sentence should be:\n\n> The only thing that supports him... is now exposed.\n\n[Here you can see](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RCEo8.jpg) the whole page for\nmore context. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T11:52:30.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60154",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-15T09:00:17.417",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-16T13:16:32.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"manga",
"metaphor"
],
"title": "Metaphorical meaning of 骨",
"view_count": 285
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't think this 骨 itself is metaphorical; it just says his body is\nsupported by his bones, literally and physically. Instead, 剥き出した (\"bare\",\n\"uncovered\") is the tricky expression here. It's not a common expression at\nall, but in this context, I feel it metaphorically describes how his body is\ndamaged and how his muscle is weakened. In other words, it's now only his bone\nthat keeps him standing, and everything else is (metaphorically) gone.\n\n(In other contexts, 骨 by itself can be used metaphorically like English\n\"backbone\". 骨のある人間 means \"a person with backbone\". See also\n[気骨](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%B0%97%E9%AA%A8).)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T07:16:12.590",
"id": "60177",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T07:49:35.560",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-17T07:49:35.560",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60154",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60154
|
60177
|
60177
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60160",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 私はいつもハーブティーをティーバッグでなく、葉っぱ{はっぱ}から煎れて｛いれて｝いる。\n\nFrom Jpod101. The meaning of the sentence is clear (I always make herb tea\nwith leaves instead of a tea bag), but ハーブティーをティーバッグでなく doesn't sound\ngrammatical with なく instead of a verb at the end. Is it just short form for\ne.g. ハーブティーをティーバッグで煎れていなく?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T13:27:06.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60157",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T15:02:05.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Ending a phrase with なく instead of a verb",
"view_count": 429
}
|
[
{
"body": "Think of it this way - There are two options.\n\nハーブティーをティーバッグから煎れている。\n\nハーブティーを葉っぱから煎れている。\n\nthe でなく (you may have also seen this synonymous form でなくて） in this case is not\ntrying to be a verb, not is it trying to end a sentence. It is indicating the\nspeaker is rejecting one option and selecting the other.\n\nSo he is making tea NOT from a tea bag but from tea leaves. the NOT is the でなく\n\nOther examples:\n\n> 私は仏教でなく、神道です。\n>\n> I am not Budhist, I'm Shinto\n\nor\n\n> 朝ごはんは飲み物がお茶でなく、牛乳ですね。\n>\n> I drink milk with my breakfast, not tea.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T14:43:19.680",
"id": "60158",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T14:43:19.680",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "60157",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Do you say \"I always make herb tea with leaves instead of a tea bag\" isn't\ngrammatical\"? Because it isn't \"I always make herb tea with leaves instead of\nmaking herb tea with a tea bag\".\n\nThe same phrase are often omitted in Japanese language as well as in English.\nFor example, 私はスペイン語を勉強するのではなく、英語を勉強したい is nomaly rephrased as\n私はスペイン語ではなく、英語を勉強したい.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T14:52:56.267",
"id": "60159",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T15:00:06.973",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-16T15:00:06.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "60157",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> ハーブティーをティーバッグでなく doesn't sound grammatical with なく instead of a verb at the\n> end.\n\nHm, are you aware that 「ハーブティーを」 is the object of 「煎れている」?\n\nYou should parse the sentence as:\n\n> 私は（いつも）ハーブティーを（ティーバッグでなく、葉っぱから）煎れている。\n\n\"I (always) make herb tea (with leaves instead of a tea bag).\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T15:02:05.260",
"id": "60160",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T15:02:05.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "60157",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60157
|
60160
|
60160
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60162",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From a manga: two people are talking about a music video. Person A says that\nit's horrible (すさまじい), to which person B replies\n\n> いやーよくやるよな\n\nSo - does B agree or disagree with A's opinion? The いやー sounds like \"I don't\nthink so\" (?), but my impression after googling よくやるよな is that it could also\nbe meant in a sarcastic way?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T15:16:57.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60161",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T16:42:08.323",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27499",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of よくやるよな",
"view_count": 493
}
|
[
{
"body": "> いやーよくやるよな\n\nThat is like a combo of two of the most-often misinterpreted phrases.\n\nI will skip an explanation of 「いやー」 in this context because I have already\ntalked at length about it in the Q&A @Choclate has linked to above. It **does\nnot** mean \"I don't think so.\"; moreover, it does not mean anything negative.\n\n「よくやるよな」 can be used in **two opposite ways** , which is probably why it gets\nmisinterpreted all the time. The word 「よく」 can also be tricky.\n\n1) **Positive** : Said when one is **impressed**. (\"Well done!\")\n\n2) **Negative** : Said when one is **disgusted**. (\"Dang, how would they even\nwant to do that?\")\n\nThe intonations will differ between the two usages if spoken.\n\nIf A actually said \"It's horrible!\", then B's reply 「よくやるよな」 would have to be\nthe negative version of the two above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T16:42:08.323",
"id": "60162",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T16:42:08.323",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60161",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
60161
|
60162
|
60162
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60165",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading this\n[article](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011528251000/k10011528251000.html)\nabout new technologies that are getting introduced to monitor employees.\n\nI am unsure about the following sentence. I do not understand why there isn't\na particle or something like it between the など and the 230. Is this a typo or\nwhat is intended here?\n\n> ソフトウェアをつくっている会社 **など２３０** の会社が新しい技術を紹介しています\n>\n> My Translation: 230 companies are introducing new technologies, where these\n> companies and similar places are producing software",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T17:27:43.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60163",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T03:36:20.640",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-など"
],
"title": "Missing particle after など in article about new technologies to monitor employees",
"view_count": 1114
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「ソフトウェアをつくっている会社{かいしゃ} **など２３０** の会社が新{あたら}しい技術{ぎじゅつ}を紹介{しょうかい}しています。」\n\nConclusion first. There is nothing missing between 「など」 and 「２３０の会社」. That is\nsimply perfect grammar in formal speech.\n\nIf one **_had to_** insert a particle in between that made sense, that\nparticle would be 「の」. It would, however, be slightly wordy because there will\nbe another 「の」 coming soon in 「２３０の会社」. It would also make the sentence sound\nunnecessarily informal as well.\n\n「A など B」 indicates that A is an example of B.\n\nThat is why your translation is slightly off. Not all of the 230 participating\ncompanies are software houses. There are other types of companies present as\nwell even though the sentence does not mention what kinds of companies they\nare. So, the math here is:\n\nThe number of software houses + X = 230\n\nX is the number of other types of companies participating.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T17:48:09.660",
"id": "60164",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T03:36:20.640",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-17T03:36:20.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60163",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "In [_Nominal apposition in\nJapanese_](https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-132534929/nominal-\napposition-in-japanese) (2004), Rumiko Sode calls this など an \"exemplifier\",\nand considers this construction a type of apposition in which one noun phrase\nrestates a subset of another.\n\nBasically, you've got two noun phrases next to each other:\n\n> N1などN2\n\nWhich expresses that N1 is included within N2. In other words, N1 is a\nrestatement of _part of_ N2. It could be translated in various ways depending\non context. For example:\n\n> 秋田犬など大型犬に最近人気がある。 \n> Recently, Akitas and other large-breed dogs are becoming popular.\n\nHere, 大型犬 includes 秋田犬 as a subset or an example, and the noun phrases are\nlinked together by など. Nothing is missing between them.\n\nLikewise, in your example:\n\n> ソフトウェアをつくっている会社など２３０の会社が新しい技術を紹介しています。\n\nThe larger set is ２３０の会社, and ソフトウェアをつくっている会社 is some subset of those 230\ncompanies.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T17:54:04.583",
"id": "60165",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-16T17:54:04.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60163",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
] |
60163
|
60165
|
60165
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60171",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I doubt there is one, but is there a name for empanadas in Japanese? If there\nisnt, how should I call them in japanese, should I adapt the name to katakana\n(since it's a foreign word) or what?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/th5EE.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qhA84.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-16T23:53:51.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60169",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-13T18:24:55.833",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-13T18:24:55.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is there a name for empanadas in japanese?",
"view_count": 1292
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is the katakanized word 「エンパナーダ」, but it is not common at all as a word.\n(I myself had never seen that word until today.)\n\nSo, in order to explain what empanadas are to Japanese-speakers, you could\neither use 「エンパナーダ」 and tell them what they are like. It would help greatly if\nyou used the term 「惣菜{そうざい}パン」 in your explanation since that is a word\neveryone knows and it covers all types of bread/pastry with stuffing inside.\n\nIf you said 「揚{あ}げた惣菜パンのようなものです。」 (\"It's like a deep-fried 惣菜パン\".), every\nJapanese-speaker would get the picture because 惣菜パン itself is **_far more_**\npopular in Japan than in North America at least.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-17T00:52:36.327",
"id": "60171",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T00:52:36.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60169",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
60169
|
60171
|
60171
|
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