question
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list | id
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59607",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading this\n[article](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011476591000/k10011476591000.html)\nand I am not too sure about sentence I came across.\n\n> 男の子は「... 珍しいカブトムシ **だとわかってとてもうれしいです** 」と話していました。\n\nI have a few problem areas here. I read it as: The boy said 'If the beetle is\nrare then understand and very happy'\n\nI believe だと is being used a a conditional here. So to me the part 珍しいカブトムシだと\nmeans: If/When the beetle is rare. But After that it falls a part as I'm not\nsure how わかってとてもうれしい should be handled",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-20T18:07:16.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59606",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-20T20:10:20.063",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-20T20:10:20.063",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"particle-と",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Confusion about conditional だと used in article about beetle",
"view_count": 83
}
|
[
{
"body": "だと is not being used as a conditional. In fact, と is being using as a\nquotation particle. When using the verb わかる to express that you understand a\nstatement, you use the form:\n\n`statement + とわかる`.\n\nIn this case the statement would be 珍しいカブトムシだ (i.e. it’s a rare beetle).\n\nIn this case we also have わかる in its て form to produce the compound sentence:\n\nThe boy said ‘I know that it’s a rare beetle _and_ I’m very happy about it’.\n\n(Or something along those lines)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-20T18:15:18.223",
"id": "59607",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-20T18:30:50.723",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-20T18:30:50.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "17376",
"owner_user_id": "17376",
"parent_id": "59606",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59606
|
59607
|
59607
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Going for a walk is \" _sanpo ni iku_ \", right? Would taking my dog for a walk\nbe \" _inu no_ \" or \" _ino o sanpo ikimas_ \"? And then I just add the \" _ichi\njikan_ \" in the beginning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-20T23:03:52.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59612",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-21T12:23:59.890",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-21T09:35:57.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "29939",
"owner_user_id": "30344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do you say 'take my dog for an hour long walk'?",
"view_count": 3136
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's the particle を ((w)o) you're looking for to talk about the dog, that\nyou're taking on a walk (marked with the particle に (ni)). To take someone\nalong, you use 連れて行く (tsurete iku).\n\nIn the ~ます form, this is one potential answer to your question.\n\n> [一時間]{いちじかん}[犬]{いぬ}を[散歩]{さんぽ}に[連]{つ}れて[行]{い}きます。\n>\n> ichijikan inu (w)o sanpo ni tsurete ikimasu.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T02:44:35.320",
"id": "59615",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-21T12:23:59.890",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11369",
"parent_id": "59612",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59612
| null |
59615
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59617",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been reading, playing, and watching a lot of Japanese content recently\nand I keep running into this construction. I feel like I get the gist of it's\nmeaning but I don't know exactly what it means. Here are a few examples of\nwhat I've come across: 始めおっか, 手伝おっか, and 何か飲もっか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T04:08:03.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59616",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-21T04:57:05.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30347",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What does it mean when you add 'おっか' to the stem of a verb?",
"view_count": 319
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is just a rendering of a colloquial pronunciation of volitional (-よう) +\nか. So, 何か飲もっか (＝何か飲もうか), that is, \"Shall we have something to drink?\".\n\nThe first example should be 始めよっか, by the way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T04:57:05.047",
"id": "59617",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-21T04:57:05.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "816",
"parent_id": "59616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59616
|
59617
|
59617
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found [here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E6%98%A5%E9%97%98/) the\ndefinition of 春闘 as the annual spring wage bargaining round; the annual spring\nlabor offensive. And upon searching my electronic dictionary 集約 means\nintensive.\n\nCan I assume that this phrase pertains to an action from a Japanese Labor\nUnion discussing wage improvements for the union participants?\n\nIs it limited to just wage or does this include all benefits of the employee?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T07:56:15.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59618",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-23T09:04:18.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does 春闘集約 mean?",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "春闘 is the salary's discussion of blue-collar worker.\n\n\"春闘が集約しつつある\" is correct sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-23T09:04:18.730",
"id": "59662",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-23T09:04:18.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13619",
"parent_id": "59618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59618
| null |
59662
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59623",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Although I was helped by someone, some particular lines left me and a friend\nconfused and we haven't reached a conclusion.\n\nThe verb 許す has been used a lot, mostly in the negative 許せない because the plot\nis about two guys and it's about revenge, thus \"I will never forgive what you\ndid\" is said a lot (another common usage for 許す is \"to allow\", but I believe\nthat \"to forgive\" is used in this context).\n\nNow, one of these guys says 許す in 3 ways, and I wish to know if the following\nsentences can be understood in two ways or just one. I'm sorry if I can't\nprovide more context, but even just what you can understand at first glance\ncould be of help. Here are the lines to which I provided my translation\nattempts:\n\n> [それ]{・・}は… \n> 俺のだ\n>\n> 俺が地獄まで持っていくものなんだ\n>\n> それは\n\nThat is the thing which I will take with me to hell.\n\n> 許せなかったおれを \n> 許せないでいるおれを \n> 永遠に許せないそれを \n> 殺しておれは \n> やっと永遠に許されない\n\nAs you can see, a lot of 許す. I tried to break down every sentence、also forgive\nme for writing them in that weird way above. I wanted to better illustrate\njust how the lines are written in the manga speech bubbles, thus a total of 5\nspeech bubbles when the characters talks with 許す.\n\nOK, so now I tried to break down every line and translate quite literally:\n\n> 許せなかったおれを\n\n許せない the past potential form in the negative, meaning \"Can't forgive.\" Simple\nhere, and here it seems to act like a noun modifier right? Thus I can say \"I,\nwho couldn't be forgiven\". BUT, at the same time and I'm not sure of this, but\ncan I interpret it as :\" I, who could not forgive\" (a certain act)?. Maybe\nsomething else is needed for the latter meaning and this is where I would need\nhelp with...\n\n> 許せないでいるおれを\n\nIsn't this a state of being? as in \"I'm currently (still am) in the state of\nnot being able to be forgiven.\" (I'm so sorry if this sounds so confusing!)\n\n> 永遠に許せないそれを \n> 殺しておれは \n> やっと永遠に許されない\n\n永遠に許せないそれを/ To me it sounds like the sentence is a modifier for それ, thus \"The\nthing which I can never forgive\"\n\n殺しておれは \nやっと永遠に許されない \"By killing it...\"\n\nAnd this is where I don't know anymore because I don't know how to interpret\nthe causative 許される. I get the feeling that here it would work with the meaning\nof \"to allow\".\n\nI'm truly sorry for such a long and most likely poorly explained post, I\nreally did try to explain as much as I could. Anything would be of help!\n\nHere is the original for context:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Zgyjt.png)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T09:26:18.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59619",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-12T13:01:59.743",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-12T13:01:59.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "22175",
"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"verbs",
"manga"
],
"title": "Help with a few sentences using 許す",
"view_count": 322
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 許せなかった俺\n\nThe first one can either mean \" _Me, who you couldn't forgive_ ,\" or \" _me who\ncouldn't forgive...,_ \". Without any other sentence we wouldn't be able to\ntell which one it is because here the past tense of the verb makes it act also\nlike an adjective (it qualifies the 俺).\n\n> 許せないでいる俺\n\nThe second one can't mean \" _... of being able **to be forgiven_** \" because\nit is not a passive sentence here but an active sentence. But you're right on\nthe rest of the sentence, it basically means \" _me who can't forgive...,_ \"\n(me who is in the state of not being able to forgive...,).\n\nThanks to this one with いる that tells us that the performer of the action is\nactually 俺. It lets us know that the first sentence means \" _me who couldn't\nforgive...,_ \" and not the other one.\n\n> 永遠に許せないそれを殺して : I will kill that, the thing which I will never be able to\n> forgive\n\nAnd this sentence again confirms the fact that the performer of the action of\n許す is 俺.\n\nAs for the last 許す:\n\n> 永遠に許せないそれを殺して俺はやっと永遠に許されない\n\nI understand it as: \" _I will finally not be forgiven for the eternity after I\nkill this thing which I can never forgive_ \".\n\nIf there is no further context, I doubt that the 許す in 永遠に許せない would mean \"to\nallow\" because that wouldn't make much sense to me not to specify **what** you\ncan't allow. Same for the last 許す in 永遠に許されない\n\nI feel like maybe the 俺 is feeling guilty about something he did and doesn't\nwant others to be forgiving him, so that's why he's thinking about killing\n\"it\".\n\nTo sum it up:\n\nMe, who couldn't forgive それ,... Me, who can't forgive それ,... I will finally\nnot be forgiven forever by killing this thing which I can never forgive.\n\nSounds wordy but knowing so little about the context that's pretty much all we\ncan think of... You can try replacing \"forgive\" by \"allow\" to see if it makes\nmore sense to you.\n\nThere's also another possibility: maybe the それ is replacing 俺 and the person\nwho wrote this wants us to think that それ is something that is within 俺:\n\n許せなかった俺を、 許せないでいる俺を、 永遠に許せないそれ(俺)を殺して...\n\nBut maybe I am taking it a little too far",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T14:29:14.677",
"id": "59623",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-21T14:40:28.010",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-21T14:40:28.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "29939",
"owner_user_id": "29939",
"parent_id": "59619",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59619
|
59623
|
59623
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "## Background\n\nI am currently trying to learn Japanese and I've done really well in my\nopinion (IMO). I am trying to learn about voiced consonants with Hiragana.\n\n## What I need to know\n\nI know you must have a vibration in your throat when doing these voiced\nconsonants but is sa (さ) and za ambiguous? How do I pronounce za?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T10:04:11.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59620",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T10:07:36.643",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-21T13:40:01.247",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "What's the difference between \"sa\" and \"za\" with pronunciation?",
"view_count": 3305
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"sa\" is pronounced like the \"sa\" in \"salami\" or \"salsa\" and \"za\" is pronounced\nwith the same \"z\" sound at the beginning of \" **Z** oo\", \" **Z** ipper\" or \"\n**Z** ebra\" plus \"ah\"\n\nit's possible that one thing that might be confusing you is the way that some\nJapanese words that start with an \"s\" sound are changed to a \"z\" sound when\ncombined with other words... for exmaple \"sushi\" and \"inarizushi\" or \"sen\"\n(thousand) and \"nanzennen\" (thousands of years) \"saru\" and \"nihonzaru\".\n\nYou should be able to hear the differences between sa/za se/ze su/zu if you\nlisten carefully, but if you still have trouble, just remember that 'z' sounds\ncause your throat to vibrate, and 's' sounds do not... you can place your hand\non your throat to feel the difference.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T13:18:41.353",
"id": "59622",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-21T14:04:48.627",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-21T14:04:48.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59620",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "**TL;DR** The combination is secretly hidden in the word ' **buzz** '. Yes,\nbuzzing for vibration. in the nutshell.\n\nYou want voiced instead of voiceless, right? Then, you've got it, my friend!\nAll you have to do is this. The following.\n\nThe **z** sound can be pronounced with practice. Trust me. Please read.\n\nYou should find that it works when you copy the \"zz\" sounds in words like '\n**buzz** '. That's what helped me better than just saying \" **zoo** \".\n\nAs for the **s** sound, obviously you can try it out with **bus**.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T17:24:01.037",
"id": "61350",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-05T17:24:01.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30147",
"parent_id": "59620",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "This website might be helpful to you: <https://forvo.com/> You can listen to\naudio tracks by native speakers and submit words you want to hear the\npronunciation of.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T10:07:36.643",
"id": "61462",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T10:07:36.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29821",
"parent_id": "59620",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59620
| null |
59622
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was trying to understand the difference among those two forms, but I am not\nsure about it. Could somebody provide me some example and explain it to me?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T14:44:47.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59624",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-29T05:54:36.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The difference among と言えば and と言うと",
"view_count": 1093
}
|
[
{
"body": "> **と言えば**\n\nThis is used when someone else will say something and you are going to follow\nor to do.\n\nlike \"「どちらか **と言えば** 出かけたい。」→ 「If anything I would like to go out.」\"\n\n> **と言うと**\n\nThis is used when you will say something and you are going to follow or to do.\n\nlike \"「どちらか **と言うと** 行きたい。」→ 「I would rather go if I say something.」\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-14T08:28:29.120",
"id": "60110",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-14T08:28:29.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30591",
"parent_id": "59624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "According to this page:\n\n<http://www.edewakaru.com/archives/7057482.html>\n\nといえば and というと, in the sense of \"speaking of\" are essentially interchangeable\n(though there are other uses of といえば), but that といえば is often used when\nremembering something and you use というと when you want to ask for clarification\nabout something.\n\nThe example given on that page is:\n\n> 秘書：社長、山田さんから電話がありました\n>\n> 社長：山田さんというとA会社の山田さんか？\n>\n> 秘書：はい、そうです。\n\nHere one should not use といえば.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-13T18:32:19.600",
"id": "60841",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-13T18:32:19.600",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9199",
"parent_id": "59624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I agree with Michael Gignac that the link is useful, but I think that 言う is a\nspecial case that deserves separate attention from the simple verbs like 行く\nthat are discussed at the link. Unlike simple verbs like 行く, 言う can be used\nnot just as \"say\" as in \"I will say something\", but also in a speculative\ncontext regarding future possibilities, as in \"Let's say that...\"\n\nI think both と言えば and と言うと can translate as \"Considering that...\", but my\nfeeling is that と言えば is weaker than と言うと, because と言えば implies that the\nsituation is not yet totally clear. と言うと contrastingly implies that the\nsituation is clear.\n\nGenerally:\n\n * 「Aと言えば」means: \"Considering that A might happen...\"\n\n * 「Aと言うと」means: \"Considering that A will happen...\"\n\nFor example:\n\n * 来週がダメと言えば means \"Considering that next week might not be possible...\" \n\n * 来週がダメと言うと means \"Considering that next week is not possible...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-29T05:54:36.483",
"id": "61179",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-29T05:54:36.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31105",
"parent_id": "59624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59624
| null |
60841
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "is this one「私は明日に会議の日を変更する」correct?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T17:14:16.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59626",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-23T13:33:37.553",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-23T13:33:37.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "30357",
"owner_user_id": "30357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "how to say \"i'll change the meeting day to tomorrow\" in japanese?",
"view_count": 1371
}
|
[
{
"body": "## Short answer\n\nYes, both can be used interchangeably, in the case of your sentence.\n\n## Explanation\n\n変更する means to change something that has been decided, like a plan**\n\n変える means to change something in general*. For example, plans, content, etc.\n\nIn the latter half of your sentence:\n\n> ...会議の日を変る\n\n変更する and 変える are interchangeable, because 会議の日 is something that has been\ndecided. This fits both definitions. In practice, many people including myself\nuse both interchangeably when talking about schedule.\n\n## Reference\n\n* **変える**\n\n> １ 物事を以前と違った状態・内容にする。変化させる。変更する。「姿を―・える」「顔色を―・える」「考えを―・える」「話題を―・える」「戦術を―・える」\n>\n> from <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/37509/meaning/m0u/>\n\n** **変更する**\n\n> ［名］(スル)決められた物事などを変えること。「計画を変更する」\n>\n> from\n> <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/200264/meaning/m0u/%E5%A4%89%E6%9B%B4/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T19:22:13.270",
"id": "59628",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T01:57:10.900",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-22T01:57:10.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "29590",
"owner_user_id": "29590",
"parent_id": "59626",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59626
| null |
59628
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know the difference between 同一 and 同じ. They both mean 'the\nsame'.\n\nPlease feel free to provide example sentences so I can see clearly the\ndifference.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T18:52:09.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59627",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T19:01:54.713",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-21T19:18:05.267",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Difference between 同一 and 同じ?",
"view_count": 344
}
|
[
{
"body": "The conclusion is practically same with [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41802/7810), which @l'électeur has\nlinked. These two words have the same meaning except that 同じ is like _same_\nand 同一 is like _identical_. 同一 is just another way to say 同じ in a more\nbookish, formal, or rigid manner, unless otherwise defined.\n\nNote that some fixed expressions such as 同一人物 may not sound overly formal, and\ncould be used in quite casual talks to mean \"(identified as) the same guy\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T19:01:54.713",
"id": "59690",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T19:01:54.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "59627",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59627
| null |
59690
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59631",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to 日本語総まとめN1, the grammar for いざ知らず is:\n\n> Noun + ならいざ知らず/はいざ知らず\n\nHowever, I think I've seen it used with verbs too as:\n\n> Verb + ならいざ知らず\n\nIs this possible? If so, what about using it with other conditionals such as ば\nand たら? Could anyone provide examples, please?\n\nMany thanks!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T19:22:17.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59629",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T03:54:43.890",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-23T05:27:39.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30359",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is it possible to use いざ知らず with verbs?",
"view_count": 244
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't see any reason that it can't be used with a verb, as long as the verb\nis followed by の:\n\n> Verb + の + ならいざ知らず\n\nIf you do a search on Google for ”するのならいざ知らず” you'll find a very small number\nof hits, so it doesn't seem to be very common. However, one of the hits is [an\narticle on Asahi.com](http://www.asahi.com/shimbun/aan/seoul/130501.html) so\nit seems likely to be proper grammar.\n\nThe specific sentence is this:\n\n> 日本で政府を **批判するのならいざ知らず** 、韓国で日本の批判はやりにくい。しかも、私の韓国語はまだテレビ出演の域ではない\n\nEDIT:\n\nAs there was still some doubt about this I'd like to point out that the phrase\n。。。いざ知らず means something like the below:\n([reference](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%96%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%89%E3%81%9A))\n\n> 。。。はどうだかわからないが\n\nSo I think the important thing here is いざ知らず, and there isn't necessarily set\nword(s) that must fall before it.\n\nTo give a simpler example of using a verb with this, consider this phrase:\n\n> そんなことできるのいざ知らず\n\nThis would translate roughly to \"I don't know whether you can do that type of\nthing...\"\n\nI don't think there is too much limit on what can go before いざ知らず, though it\nmust be grammatically sound. For example, \"するいざ知らず\" would be awkward and\nimproper grammar. But as long as there is a の after the verb I think it is\nvalid.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-21T23:19:29.273",
"id": "59631",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T03:54:43.890",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-24T03:54:43.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "11825",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "59629",
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"score": 4
}
] |
59629
|
59631
|
59631
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59633",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that it's an onomatopoeia, and it's an adverb that can take the と\nparticle.\n\nThe context goes something like this. There is an object. The object in\nquestion is filled with a liquid. The object also has an opening in it. The\nliquid spills out, flows out, gushes out, and so on. どぼり(と) is attached to the\nsaid action of the liquid.\n\nI looked on Denshi Jisho, and it has nothing on it. I looked on Weblio, and it\nhas nothing on it. I even looked on this one\n[website](http://thejadednetwork.com/) that lists sound effects, and there was\nnothing.\n\nSo does anyone know what it means?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T00:57:17.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59632",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T02:44:26.127",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-22T01:48:07.930",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"definitions",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does どぼり mean?",
"view_count": 150
}
|
[
{
"body": "「どぼり」 is a variant of 「どぼどぼ」. The latter should be listed in any good\ndictionary.\n[プログレッシブ和英中辞典](https://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%BC%E3%81%A9%E3%81%BC)\nexplains it this way.\n\n> 酒{さけ}をコップに **どぼどぼ** とついだ\n>\n> The sake made a gurgling sound as he poured it into his cup.\n\n(That English is a \"free\" translation by the dictionary. The subject of the\noriginal is an unmentioned person and not 酒.)\n\n[Even Jisho has 「ドボドボ」,\ntoo](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%BC%E3%81%A9%E3%81%BC).\n\nYou might want to remember that many onomatopoeias related to liquid movements\nwill start with a 「 **ど + b** 」 as in 「どぶん」、「どぼん」、「どばどば」、「どばっ」, etc.\n\nFinally, it is so hot today that I just want to **どぶん** とプールに飛{と}び込{こ}みたい\nafter posting this answer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T01:17:30.807",
"id": "59633",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T02:44:26.127",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59632",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59632
|
59633
|
59633
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 佐藤：ところで、前田君、すごいよね。今年も優秀社員に選ばれて、ボーナスもアップだっ て。うらやましい～。\n>\n> ワン：前田さんって、完璧ですね。入社してからトラブルを起こしたことなんて、一回もないんじゃないですか。\n>\n>\n> 佐藤：いや、優秀社員とはいえ、トラブルはあるよ。彼だって最初ワンさんと同じような新人だったから。入社してまだ三年目のときだったかな、彼が担当したプロジェクトが大失敗したことも\n> **あって** ねえ。\n>\n> ワン：ええ。\n>\n> 佐藤：そのプロジェクトが大失敗してからというもの、彼はすごく **努力して** ね。朝一番に会社に来たり、自主的にセミナーに行ったり **して** 。\n\nReading this, I was thinking, the typical use of て-form ending a sentence is\nto show imperative mood, but here is definitely not the case. I suppose\n大失敗したこともあって=大失敗したこともある, 彼はすごく努力してね=彼はすごく努力してきたね, セミナーに行ったりして=セミナーに行ったりしている.\n\nIf my understanding is correct, then under what situation do Japanese prefer\nto use \"te form\" instead of an ordinary form if imperative mood is not\nintended? Or it is simply a peculiar speaking style?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T04:48:52.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59634",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T06:10:48.757",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "non-imperative て ending in a sentence",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "Often the て form at the end of a sentence gives a feel of continuing (like\nthere is more to say), especially when followed by ね, な or さ. I think the\nfirst two cases above fall in this category.\n\nIn English rather than using a word for this I think it is more commonly\nexpressed with tone.\n\nHowever, in the very last case (and perhaps the first as well) in the above\ntext I feel that it is more of a sense of an afterthought or explanation. So\nthe \"朝一番に会社に来たり、自主的にセミナーに行ったりして\" is more of an example of how he\n\"すごく努力して「いた」\".\n\nTo give a simpler example:\n\n> 彼は勉強が大好きでね。夜遅くまで勉強したりして。\n>\n> He really loved studying. He did stuff like studying up until late at night.\n\nIn English I would probably prefer use a comma instead of a period between\nthese two sentences, however.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T06:10:48.757",
"id": "59636",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T06:10:48.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "59634",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59634
| null |
59636
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59639",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm just starting learning Japanese, and I have a question about どこ. Can I use\nit in the situation, when someone shows me around, takes me to an interesting\nplace, and I want to ask what is this place?\n\n> ここはどこですか\n>\n> ここは何ですか\n\nHow do I ask 'what is this place'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T09:30:34.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59638",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T10:19:42.960",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30367",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"questions"
],
"title": "How do I ask 'what is this place'?",
"view_count": 1031
}
|
[
{
"body": "both of those, coming from a beginner in Japanese, being lead around by a\nnative, would almost certainly be understood. Especially with gestures thrown\nin to help indicate what you mean. However,\n\nここはどこですか literally means \"Where are we?/Where am I?\"\n\nここは何ですか is closer to what you're trying to ask, but is a bit simplistic.\n\nここはどんな店{みせ}ですか。 Is probably closer to what you mean to ask, and means \"what\nkind of store is this?\" ... If you want to specifically use the word \"place\"\nthen replace \"mise\" with \"tokoro\" ところ",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T10:19:42.960",
"id": "59639",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T10:19:42.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59638",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59638
|
59639
|
59639
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have looked up dictionary but i found only one meaning \"jump\".I think it has\nother meanings .Help me",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T13:39:20.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59640",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T13:39:20.990",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"definitions"
],
"title": "what does \"ぶっ飛んだ\" mean",
"view_count": 73
}
|
[] |
59640
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59645",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They both have the same meaning of \"hard, difficult, tough\"\n\nCan someone please explain the difference and give examples of when both are\ninterchangeable and when it is not?\n\nFor example:\n\n> きつい仕事 or 辛い仕事\n>\n> 貧乏はきつい or 貧乏は辛い\n\netc.\n\nWhat is the nuance in meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T16:03:33.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59642",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T18:52:58.947",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between きつい and 辛い（つらい）?",
"view_count": 1093
}
|
[
{
"body": "## In general\n\nきつい implies difficulty, in the physical, logical, or opinionated realms\n\nつらい implies difficulty in the emotional or interpersonal relationship realms\n\n## For the 仕事 example\n\n`仕事がつらい` means that work is difficult to the point of **physical and mental\ndistress or pain**.\n\nOn the other hand, `仕事がきつい` means that work's definitely not easy, and some\nserious effort is required, but **it still hasn't reached the threshold of \"I\ncan't do this anymore\"**.\n\n## Reference\n\n**Examples of きつい**\n\n(based on <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/52804/meaning/m0u/>)\n\n 1. Harsh sunlight or a strong scent can be きつい\n 2. The taste of something, or a food/drink can be きつい\n 3. The application of force can be きつい if it's too strong.\n 4. A garment that's too tight is きつい\n 5. A rule or request can be きつい\n 6. Work can be きつい if it's really difficult to do well.\n 7. Someone's personality can be きつい\n\nSee <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84/> for a\nbunch of English examples\n\n**Examples of つらい**\n\n(based on <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/148479/meaning/m0u/>)\n\n 1. a person being \"cold\" to someone else is つらい\n 2. Work or practice is つらい if it's very mentally and physically taxing or stressful\n 3. something is つらい if it's problematic and difficult to deal with\n 4. someone is つらい if he/she is inconsiderate of another's feelings\n 5. someone is つらい if he/she is irritating\n\nSee <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E8%BE%9B%E3%81%84/#je-50515> for a\nbunch of English examples (includes 辛い as からい as well)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T18:37:17.170",
"id": "59645",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T18:52:58.947",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29590",
"parent_id": "59642",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
59642
|
59645
|
59645
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I know how to read normal fractions (like 1/2) in Japanese but I was\nwondering how to read mixed fractions (such as 3 1/2). Would one just say\n三と二分の一? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T18:22:16.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59643",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T00:54:42.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19257",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"numbers"
],
"title": "Mixed Fractions/Mixed Numerals in Japanese",
"view_count": 710
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"3 1/2\" is generally read:\n\n「[3]{さん} **か** [2分]{にぶん}の[1]{いち}」 by older people\n\nand\n\n「3 **と** 2分の1」 by younger people.\n\nThe 「と」 would clearly be the particle 「と」 meaning \"and\".\n\nThe 「か」, however, would probably be the counter 「箇{か}」. (Where the 「か」 came\nfrom, we were never taught in school.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T20:24:40.450",
"id": "59648",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T00:54:42.277",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-15T00:54:42.277",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59643",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
59643
| null |
59648
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between どうされましたか and どうなさいましたか?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T18:26:38.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59644",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-23T21:02:05.400",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-26T17:12:47.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "26962",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between どうされましたか and どうなさいましたか?",
"view_count": 450
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both される and なさる are 尊敬語 forms of する. The only difference is that なさる is\nconsidered to be more honorific than される.\n\nAlso される can be mistaken for the passive form:\n\n> 何をされましたか。 : What did other people do to you?\n>\n> 何をされましたか。 : What did you do?\n\nBoth are corrects, and the only way to make the difference is through the\ncontext. But when the context is not clear and you want to use the honorific\nform and not the passive form, you should use なさる and not される (or rephrase\nyour sentence).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-23T08:55:00.243",
"id": "59661",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-23T08:55:00.243",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29939",
"parent_id": "59644",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59644
| null |
59661
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "So I'm playing Pokemon Alpha Sapphire in Japanese hiragana (no kanji) to help\nwith my reading comprehension. I've been noticing some of the characters will\nuse words that I normally see in hiragana (like きみ) in katakana.\n\nThe question is why some of the words are being used in both hiragana and\nkatakana. So far, most sources I've seen say that katakana is used for names\nand foreign words, so I'm confused on why I'll sometimes see the typical\nJapanese word in katakana instead of hiragana. Is it common for the katakana\nspelling to replace a typical hiragana spelling? Additionally, what exactly is\nchanging when the typical hiragana word is written in katakana?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T19:18:25.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59646",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-22T20:11:59.203",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-22T20:11:59.203",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30373",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Katakana vs Hiragana",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[] |
59646
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 七三年にはテレビ番組になり、今も毎週続いています。\n\nI understand the sentence to be:\n\n> In '73 it became a television show, and today it continues every week.\n\nMy question is about the form of the verb なる in the above sentence - why is it\n\"なり\" here? When is the stem form of the verb used in this way?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-22T19:46:32.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59647",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-23T01:57:04.263",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-22T20:10:18.990",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30372",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Question about \"nari\"",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「七三年{ななじゅうさんねん}にはテレビ番組{ばんぐみ}に **なり** 、今{いま}も毎週続{まいしゅうつづ}いています。」\n\nAs you know, both verbs and adjectives conjugate in Japanese. 「なり」 is the\n連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative form\") of the verb 「なる」.\n\nThis sentence talks about two events -- 1) \"It became a TV program.\" + 2) \"It\nhas continued to today.\"\n\n「なる」 is the terminal form; therefore, it cannot be used mid-sentence to\nconnect itself to another verb phrase. Instead, you must use the continuative\nform 「なり」.\n\nRead here and see how 「だ」 becomes 「で」 mid-sentence:\n\n[How to parse\n中国人で日本語が話せる方は、お電話ください。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24917/how-\nto-\nparse-%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e4%ba%ba%e3%81%a7%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e%e3%81%8c%e8%a9%b1%e3%81%9b%e3%82%8b%e6%96%b9%e3%81%af-%e3%81%8a%e9%9b%bb%e8%a9%b1%e3%81%8f%e3%81%a0%e3%81%95%e3%81%84)",
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"body": "よろしくお願いします。 I am writing a scene (in English, with occasional Japanese for\nflavor and difficult-to-translate terms) where a rather androgynous woman is\nin a Tokyo department store, speaking with a store clerk. She is dressed in a\nfairly masculine fashion, and binding her breasts; her voice is more feminine\nthan masculine, but not unambiguously so.\n\nThis character will be speaking with the appropriate level of formality,\ncustomer to store employee, and wishes to make it clear, in these\ncircumstances, that she is a woman. I am wondering if she can choose a pronoun\ntoward that end.\n\nLooking at [Wikipedia’s\nlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_pronouns), I don’t see a formal\nfirst-person pronoun used only by women. わたし is only feminine in informal\nspeech; あたし is always informal. Is there no good way for her to convey her\ngender with the pronoun? If there’s no really good choice, is there a least-\nbad choice?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-22T21:41:52.993",
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"tags": [
"formality",
"pronouns",
"gender",
"first-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "Formal, feminine first-person pronoun",
"view_count": 215
}
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[
{
"body": "We do not have an exact pronoun that you are looking for.\n\n「わたくし」 is the most formal, but it is **completely** gender-free.\n\n「 **あ** たくし」 is **mostly** feminine, if not completely, and it is a tiny bit\nless formal than 「わたくし」 for using the 「あ」. Perhaps it is a good candidate, all\nthings considered. At least, I could not think of a better pronoun for your\npurpose.\n\nIn Japanese fiction, 「 **あ** たくし」 (more often written 「 **ア** タクシ」) is often\nused as part of \"role language\" for a sophisticated dame. Fake or real\nsophistication, it does not matter.\n\n(I said \"mostly feminine\" above because despite the wide-spread rumor among\nJapanese-learners, quite a few older gentlemen [especially around Tokyo] do\nuse 「 **あ** たし」 and 「 **あ** たくし」. They used to use 「 **あ** っし」 as well.)",
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"body": "I would like to know the difference between these three ways (using the word\nあまり) to say 'so much ... that'. Which extra sense give the particles に and にも?\n\nI can't see the difference between あまり\n(<http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A-amari/>) and あまりに / あまりにも\n(<http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB-amari-ni/>).\n\nPlease feel free to provide example sentences so I can see clearly the\ndifference.\n\nThank you so much in advance for your answers!",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between あまり , あまりに and あまりにも",
"view_count": 3144
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"body": "あまり is different from others, that means \"some\" or \"not much\". The examples\nare\n\n 1. あまりひどくない。 That is not bad well. \n\n 2. あまりにひどい。 That is very bad. \n\n 3. あまりにもひどい。 That is unimaginable terrible. That is terribly bad.",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-23T08:43:32.073",
"id": "59659",
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"body": "The root meaning of あまり is _overdose_ (of something). Like something is too\nmuch or over the top limit.\n\nIt comes from 余る (surplus).\n\nIt can be used as a noun. For example:\n\n> 苦痛のあまり **に** 泣いた。 : She cried **on** an overdose of pain. (if it makes\n> sense)\n\nIt can be used as an adjectival participle. For example:\n\n> 値段が余りに高い。 : the price is too high. (it is overpriced, basically)\n\nIt can be used as an adverb (usually in a negative sentence). For example:\n\n> **余り** 出来がよくない。 : He does not do **very** well.\n\nIt can be used as a suffix. For example;\n\n> 百名余りの従業員。 : Employees over a hundred names. (more than 100 employees)\n\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/6483/meaning/m0u/>\n\nAs you can see all of the usages basically are the same あまり and the meaning\ndon't differ that much.\n\nNow with the examples I think you can understand what に does, so I will only\nexplain も:\n\nも often brings a nuance of emphasis to what's behind it, as if it is something\nunexpected and/or a too much:\n\n> 二回 **も** やったよ。 : I **even** did it twice!\n>\n> 2時間 **も** かかった。 : It **even** took 2 hours.\n\n[https://www.weblio.jp/content/余りにも](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BD%99%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82)\n\nThe も in あまりにも is doing nothing more than emphasis what comes behind it. You\ncan see examples on this page:\n\n<https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BD%99%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82>\n\n**EDIT** :\n\nWhen used to mean \"so much... that\", the only difference is the usage. It is\nnot the actual meaning of あまり that you have a problem with here. You just have\ntroubles understanding the particle に.\n\nAs it is mentioned on Japanesetest4you:\n\n> あまりに and あまり both mean “so much… that”, however the placement is different.\n> あまりに is placed before verbs, adjectives and Nouns, not after.\n\nNow if you have specific sentences you struggle with I can explain it better\n\n**EDIT 2** :\n\nI don't feel like there is a difference in meaning between two phrases like:\n\n> あまりの興奮に前後を忘れて,\n>\n> 興奮のあまりに前後を忘れて,\n\nBut, I just found a phrase in which replacing one by another would change the\nmeaning:\n\n> あまりの不思議をみせられて,\n>\n> 不思議のあまりをみせられて,\n\nI feel like the second one isn't quite right. I can't find an explanation to\nit but I'll edit my answer when I can think of something.\n\nAs for your other question, it really depends on the case, when あまり is used as\nan adverb, it cannot be after the verb.\n\n> あまり～しない/する\n\nIf you use あまり after the verb in this case, it would not be an adverb but a\nnoun. As for the meaning, it would basically be the same as I explained\nearlier.\n\n> Also, when saying \"to much ... that\", which extra nuance gives あまりに/あまりにも?\n\nHere again it depends on the nature of あまり. If it is an adjectival participle\nfor example like in 値段が余りに高い。, the に is part of あまり because あまり acts like an\nadjective.\n\nBut if it is a noun like in 嬉しさのあまり, the difference between it with に and\nwithout に basically comes down to its relation with the verb. If you know the\ndifference between something like するとき and するときに, you should have no problem\nunderstanding this. When に is used, it is directly linked to the verb of the\nfollowing proposition.\n\n> 苦痛のあまりに泣いてしまった。\n>\n> 苦痛のあまり泣いてしまった。\n\nCan you see the difference?",
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"body": "It supposedly mean \"that is so; that is right\", but is there any difference\nbetween そうだ and そうです in terms of the context or any point of view?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-23T00:06:51.570",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between そうだ and そうです?",
"view_count": 558
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"body": "There is no difference semantically between です and だ. The only differences are\nthe usage and the politeness.\n\n**The politeness**\n\nBasically in Japanese there are multiple level of politeness, I will only list\nthe more commons to keep it simple, because a lot of levels of politeness\ndepend a lot on the person's point of view (like what is considered rude?\netc.).\n\nThe two main categories are the 敬語 (けいご : honorific language) and what we\ncould call the 普通語 (ふつうご : normal language). There are more specific terms but\nI'm not going to go in the details.\n\nThe 敬語 can be divided in 3 sub-categories:\n\n 1. 尊敬語 (そんけいご : honorific language)\n 2. 謙譲語 (けんじょうご : humble language)\n 3. 丁寧語 (ていねいご : polite language)\n\nSome people would argue that 丁寧語 isn't part of the 敬語, but that's another\nstory. I personally see it as 敬語 when explaining it because there's no point\nin debating whether polite = honorific or not here.\n\nBack to です and だ, they are what we call copulas and basically they are nothing\nmore than contractions. だ directly comes from である and です from であります. (で being\na particle)\n\nある as you must have learned already is the plain form of the verb (辞書形/じしょけい :\ndictionary form) which basically is 普通語 and adding ます to the 連用形 (れんようけい/one\nof the different verb conjugations in Japanese) of ある (so あり) makes it be 丁寧語\n(polite language).\n\nSo we can say that だ : 普通語 and です : 丁寧語.\n\n**The usage**\n\nThere is not much difference between だ and です in terms of usage. But there are\nthings you may want to keep in mind:\n\n * Politeness in Japanese **should** always be determined by the last verb of the **sentence** (and not of the proposition). So if you want to use です, you will want to end the sentence right after. That is a general rule for any verb that is in the polite form. But you know how Japanese people are when being polite, always overdoing things so don't be surprised if you see random polite forms in the middle of a sentence. (like a て form on a verb in 丁寧語...) It is actually very common. \n * Some particles are not valid when used after だ whereas it is fine to use them with です. For example ので: It is common to see ですので in polite situations, but you will **never** see だので (the correct way to say it is なので).\n * だ cannot be used after an i-adjective whereas です can. 優しいだ → 優しいです. If you want to use an i-adjective in its plain form (辞書形), just use the adjective without copula: 優しい because i-adjectives act like verbs in their plain form. \n\nFeel free to edit my answer if you have something else in mind, that's all I\ncan think of at the moment.",
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"body": "I have confusion with the past tense of verb combined with the past tense of\nはず したはずだった\n\nFrom what I understand:\n\n 1. するはず - Supposed to do verb at some point in the future (don't know outcome yet)\n 2. したはず - Verb is supposed to happen at some point in the past (don't know whether the verb happened)\n 3. するはずだった - Verb was supposed to happen (but it didn't) - am I speaking in the present?\n 4. したはずだった - Verb was supposed to happen in the past? (but it didn't)\n\nFor example, what are the differences between 3 and 4 in this sentence?\n\n> 1. 彼女は一時までに電話 **するはずだ** - She is supposed to call by 1 o'clock\n>\n> 2. 彼女は一時までに電話 **したはずだ** - I suppose she called by 1 o'clock\n>\n> 3. 彼女は一時までに電話 **するはずだった** - She was supposed to call by 1 o'clock\n>\n> 4. 彼女は一時までに電話 **したはずだった** - She was supposed to have called by 1 o'clock?\n>\n>\n\nAnd in this sentence:\n\n> あれ、携帯電話がない！うちを出るとき、カバンに（ **X** ）けど、カバンに入れ忘れたかもしれないね。?\n\nWhich is correct (X) and why?\n\n 1. 入れるはずだった\n 2. 入れたはずだ\n 3. 入れたはずだった",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-23T03:50:42.423",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"tense"
],
"title": "What is the difference between するはずだった andしたはずだった",
"view_count": 1453
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"body": "The sentence 3 means \"She was supposed to call by 1 o'clock, but she didn't.\n\nThe sentence 4 means \"She was supposed to have called by 1 o'clock, but we\ndon't know she actually called by 1 o'clock. She may misunderstand it\".\n\nAs for your second question, カバンに入れたはずだけど is best.",
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"body": "I have been reading Spice and Wolf with relative ease. Alas, I understand\neverything in the following phrase\n\n> ヤレイと酒が飲めないことは残念だったが、どの道ホロが出ればいくらもしないうちに部外者を追い出して祭りは佳境に入る。\n\nexcept for (most especially the bolded) \"どの道ホロが出れば **いくらもしない** うちに\"\n\nHow does one go about thinking through this phrase?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of いくらもしないうちに from Spice and Wolf?",
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{
"body": "> ヤレイと酒が飲めないことは残念だったが、どの道ホロが出ればいくらもしないうちに部外者を追い出して祭りは佳境に入る。 : It was\n> unfortunate that you couldn't drink sake with ヤレイ, but anyway once Horo\n> appears he will chase the outsiders and the matsuri will become more\n> interesting.\n\nいくらもしないうちに is an expression that means \"right after, soon\".\n\nどの道 is an expression that means \"anyway\".",
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"body": "From what I know, both というか and というより are used to correct or improve on a\nprevious statement, but are there any differences between them? For example,\nare the following two sentences different?\n\n> 病気だ **というか** 、ちょっと疲れただけなんだ\n>\n> 病気だ **というより** 、ちょっと疲れただけなんだ",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between というか and というより?",
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"body": "The meaning basically is the same. But というか feels a bit more casual than\nというより.",
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"body": "Based on my personal reflection, when people utter **AというかB** they tend not to\nprepare what they exactly want to say as _B_ when they start to say it; e.g.\nyour friend suddenly see something and say \"That's _A_!\", then you see it too\nand find it not as much _A_ at once, so you just start to utter 「 _A_ というか...」\nwhile searching for whatever word it really seems to you. The particle か\nrepresents such kind of hesitation.\n\nOn the other hand, I think they tend to use **AというよりB** when they are already\nconfident of _B_ , or at least have something in their mind when they start to\nsay this phrase.\n\nYou can also put というか in the beginning of sentence to mean \"by the way\" or\n\"apart from that\" in very casual conversation. というより does not have this usage\nbut you have それより as a synonym to this except it has less colloquial vibe.",
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"body": ">\n> 飲み水としての使用が認められている一部の井戸を除き、あくまでも生活用水として使うのが大原則です。([article](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180622/k10011491721000.html?utm_int=news-\n> social_contents_list-items_003))\n\nThe difficulty I have is that according to this\n[definition](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4)\nof 生活用水, 飲用 is one of the utilizations so I don't know how I should interpret\nthe sentence since if the waters are recognized as suitable for 生活用, they\nshould also be suitable for 飲み水としての使用.\n\nWhat I understand from the japanese sentence: \"Excepting the wells where the\nusage of the water as a drinking water is approved,using the water as a daily\nlife water is generally acceptable\".\n\nIf a certain water is not approved as a drinking water, it also shouldn't be\napproved as a \"daily life water\" since in the japanese definition of the\njapanese term for daily life water, drinking is one of the daily life uses. So\nit doesn't seem to make sense to separate waters according to these two terms.",
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"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does this sentence about 生活用水 mean?",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you are confused with the definition of 生活用水. If there is the sign\nsays \"you can drink\" or you are told you can drink, the water from well is\npure enough so that you could use it for washing, bathing, cleaning and so on.\n\nHowever the water from well is normally not purified enough since it contains\nwater from rain or something, so you should avoid to drink it other than in\nemergency or something.\n\nThe 生活用水 you use in household or restaurant should already be went through the\nprocess of purification, so it is different from the water from well and you\ncan drink it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T03:36:35.087",
"id": "59675",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T03:36:35.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59666",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Yes, in principle, the term 生活用水 should include drinking water as well,\nespecially when contrasted with 工業用水 \"industrial water\" or 農業用水 \"agricultural\nwater\". But in this context you have no choice but understanding this word as\n\"domestic water other than drinking\" because the article repeatedly reminds us\nso.\n\n> 災害時には飲み水以外にも、食器を洗ったり洗濯をしたりと、さまざまな用途の「生活用水」が必要となります。\n>\n> 飲み水とは別に生活用水を確保するため、区内96か所が指定されています。\n>\n> 飲み水を備蓄する動きは広がっていますが、生活用水の確保もふだんから念頭に置いて、\n\nI don't particularly find the usage very strange, probably because when we\nsimply say \"use water\" in Japanese (not sure whether in English), we don't\ntypically associate with \"drinking\". (Just in case, 用水 means \"water for use\"\nor \"water usage\" literally.) It's something like a mismatch that all of us now\nknow _shellfish_ and _jellyfish_ are not _fish_ while still calling them so.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T14:03:41.310",
"id": "59685",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"score": 1
}
] |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ぼく の ほう から ちかよる **き** が **なくて** も、きみ に ぶつかられたら、ぼく は こなごな に なってしまう **ん** だから.\n\nWhat do the words in bold mean? I understand most of the text but can't find\nthe meaning of **き** and the role of **ん** in the sentence.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-23T19:16:48.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59667",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-19T17:59:04.930",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-23T19:18:54.183",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "What does き mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 564
}
|
[
{
"body": "the word \"ki\" here roughly means \"intention\" or \"interest\".\n\nき が なくても would thus translate to \"even if you don't intend to...\" or \"even if\nit's not your intention to...\"\n\nand the ん, as @Breton Loïc stated, is a simplification of の. If you look\nelsewhere in stackexchange, you will find more detail on its use.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-23T20:32:51.340",
"id": "59668",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59667
| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59679",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How can I say of a person that he or she has an open or closed personality? Is\nthere a standard adjective for that?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-23T20:49:00.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59669",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T20:05:54.890",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-24T10:48:27.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10548",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"adjectives",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How can I say of a person that he or she has an open or closed personality?",
"view_count": 767
}
|
[
{
"body": "doing a search for: japanese adjectives describing personality\n\nI quickly found this site:\n<http://maggiesensei.com/2015/10/30/%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%BC-seikaku-how-to-\ndescribe-personality-in-japanese/>\n\nIt has a large list of positive and negative personality adjectives, helpfully\narranged in categories by similarities.\n\nI'm not exactly sure what you mean by open/closed, but the site gives several\nwords that could fit the idea of open:\n\n★ 社交的 (な) = shakouteki (na) = outgoing\n\n★ 明るい = akarui = cheerful, bright, happy\n\n★ 元気 (な) = genki (na) = cheerful, energetic\n\n★ 陽気 (な) = youki (na) = happy, vivacious, upbeat\n\n★ 気さく(な) = kisaku = friendly\n\n★ さっぱりしている = sappari shite iru = good sport\n\n★ 活発 (な) = kappatsu (na) = active\n\n★誠実 (な) = seijitsu (na) = sincere\n\n★正直 (な) = shoujiki (na) = honest\n\n★ 愛想がいい = aiso ga ii = friendly, affable\n\n★ 話しやすい = hanashiyasui = to be easy to talk to\n\n★ 打ち解けやすい = uchitokeyasui = to be easy to make friends with\n\n★ 付き合いやすい = tsukiai yasui = to be easy to get along with\n\nAnd as for \"closed\", you can take the last 4 in this list and use the opposite\nof the last word (ie instead of \"ii\" use \"warui\" and instead of \"yasui\" use\n\"nikui\") and the meaning would become the opposite.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-23T22:02:21.410",
"id": "59671",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-23T22:02:21.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59669",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I think a good fit for \"open\" and \"closed personality\" are\n[社交的](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%e7%a4%be%e4%ba%a4%e7%9a%84) and\n[閉鎖的](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%e9%96%89%e9%8e%96%e7%9a%84). Informally,\nyou can also use オープン for 社交的.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T10:46:27.377",
"id": "59679",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T10:46:27.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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{
"body": "Based on resources OP has provided in their comment, I don't think there is an\nsingle all-rounder word to translate the \"open\" or \"close\" personality.\n\nThe [Quora answer](https://www.quora.com/What-does-it-mean-to-have-an-open-\npersonality),\n\n> To have an open personality is to be open to change. It’s someone who\n> understands that people are imperfect and works with them. [...] Someone who\n> is clear headed enough to see their flaws and admit them. [...] Someone who\n> understands different people have different opinions and that each opinion\n> is a reflection of their experience and observation.\n\nsuggests:\n\n * 頭が柔らかい -- describes somebody has flexible thinking, though also could be understood as \"quick-witted\" ↔ (antonym) 頭が固い\n * [開明的](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%96%8B%E6%98%8E%E7%9A%84-225912) -- willing to accept new things, usually with a connotation to be \"progressive\" ↔ [頑固](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/47991/meaning/m0u/), [頑迷](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/49802/meaning/m0u/)\n\nThe [Merriam-Webster entry](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/open):\n\n> **11 a** : characterized by ready accessibility and usually generous\n> attitude: such as (1) : generous in giving (2) : willing to hear and\n> consider or to accept and deal with\n\n * [心が広い](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/290917/meaning/m0u/), [おおらか](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/29715/meaning/m0u/) -- broad-minded and not being fussy ↔ [心が狭い](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%BF%83%E3%81%8C%E7%8B%AD%E3%81%84), [せせこましい](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/124057/meaning/m0u/)\n * [寛大](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/48951/meaning/m0u/), [寛容](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/49898/meaning/m0u/) -- tolerant, sympathetic and generous ↔ [狭量](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/57206/meaning/m0u/)\n\n> (3) : free from reserve or pretense\n\n * [開放的](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/36997/meaning/m0u/), [開けっぴろげ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/3104/meaning/m0u/) -- disclosive and less concealing; note that they are not compliment in some context ↔ [閉鎖的](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/198197/meaning/m0u/)\n\nThe loanword オープン is generally associated with the last definition.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T20:05:54.890",
"id": "59721",
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}
] |
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|
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|
59671
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59684",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, when I want to know the subtle differences in meaning between\nsimilar words I consult a thesaurus's synonym discussion. To give an example\nof this, see halfway down [Merriam-Webster's thesaurus\npage](https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/ponder) for the word \"ponder\".\nSeveral English thesauruses have them, but not all thesauruses do.\n\nIs there a term for this which Japanese thesauruses conventionally use?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-23T21:25:11.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59670",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T13:33:36.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30378",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "The Japanese term for \"synonym discussion\"?",
"view_count": 205
}
|
[
{
"body": "The similar section in [a Japanese\nthesaurus](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/682/meaning/m0u/%E5%BA%A7%E3%82%8B/)\nnames itself **使い分け** --\"usage differentiation\" or \"using accordingly\", and I\nthink this is a pretty stable choice of word. It however does not contain the\nword \"synonym\", which, in the case you want specify, could be added like\n類語の使い分け.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T13:33:36.290",
"id": "59684",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "59670",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59670
|
59684
|
59684
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59678",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So, when I typed “this school” in the\n[Weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/this+school) search, it brought up\nthese three terms: この学校, 本校, and 当校.\n\n * I know that この means “this”.\n * 学校 definitely means “school”.\n * 校 means “school”, but it seems to need a modifier most of the time.\n * 本 means “this”, “the same”, “present”, “in question”, “head”, “main”, “real”, and “regular”.\n * 当 means “this”, “the present”, and “the current”.\n\nLet me try an example. I went to a school for a year before I dropped out. If\nI refer to it as “this school” after I dropped out, which term should I\nchoose?\n\nIf I knew the difference, it would probably make it easier to pick one!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T01:19:02.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59672",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T09:50:23.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "In terms of “this school”, what is the difference between この学校, 本校, and 当校?",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you analyzed, the three expressions have nearly the same meaning. Although\nit is not strict, I will use them properly for the following reasons.\n\n(1) Whether it is \" _Yamato kotoba_ / _wago_ \" or \" _Kango_ \". \n(2) In case of _kango_ , which is more commonly used, or whether there are\nmany homonyms in a particular case. It is essential to pay attention to the\nnumber of homonyms, especially when used in conversation in order to avoid\nconfusion.\n\nSo, when you are talking about school, since _honkoh_ has fewer homonyms than\n_tohkoh_ , in general [本校]{honkoh} is safely used in conversation.\n\nAs for _Yamato kotoba_ / _wago_ or _Kango_ , I'll show you some useful\ninfomation from [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamato_kotoba).\n\nIt says:\n\n * Yamato kotoba (大和言葉, literally \"Japanese words\") are native Japanese words, meaning those words in Japanese that have been inherited from Old Japanese, rather than being borrowed at some stage. They are also known as wago (和語). Together with kango (漢語) and gairaigo (外来語), they form one of the three main sources of Japanese words (there is also elaborate Japanese sound symbolism, of mimetic origin).\n\n * Very roughly, kango are generally more formal, often restricted to writing, while yamato kotoba are more casual and more often used in speech, but both types of words are commonly used in both speech and writing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T02:26:43.263",
"id": "59674",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T02:26:43.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> I went to a school for a year before I dropped out. If I refer to it as\n> “this school” after I dropped out, which term should I choose?\n\nそういう場合には通常、「当校」「本校」は使いません。\n\n「当校」「本校」は通常、学校関係者（学校を運営している人や、教員・事務員などとしてそこに勤めている人）が使います。\n\n「同校」は、一度その学校を話題に挙げた後で、二度目以降に言及する際に繰り返しを避けて使います。少し硬い表現です。\n\n学生・生徒が在学中の学校を言うときは「[我]{わ}が校」が使えます。これも少し硬い表現です。\n\n卒業した学校なら「母校」を使います。\n\n中途退学した学校を「母校」という人もいますが、あまり一般的ではないかもしれません。\n\nどういう文脈で使いたいのかよくわかりませんが、「中退した学校」とか「XX高校に一年間通いました」とか「XX高校を中退して…」などと言った後で、もう一度その学校について述べるなら、学校名を繰り返して「XX高校」と言うか「その学校」などと言うとよいと思います。",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T09:38:30.543",
"id": "59678",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T09:38:30.543",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 7
}
] |
59672
|
59678
|
59678
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59681",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question:\n少子化の影響などで婚姻件数そのものが減っているのに加え、結婚しても式や披露宴などを行わない、いわゆる「ナシ婚」が増えて、そのあおりでブライダルの市場規模が縮小傾向にあるのです。\n\nFor full context:\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/business_tokushu/2018_0621.html?utm_int=news_contents_tokushu_004>\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Even though the decling birthrates effect and the\nnumber of marriages itself shrinks, it increases and though people do\nmarriage, they don't do ceremony and celebration and what is called \"nankon\"\nincreases and with this **???gust (of wind)???** the wedding planning\nmarketscale is in declining trend.\"\n\nAfter I had googled ナシ婚 I could somehow figure out what this sentence is\nabout, but obviously I'm still confused by the grammar. Especially\n少子化の影響などで婚姻件数そのものが減っているのに **加え** really throws me off. I can't find any\nexplicitely articulated reference point for 加え in the sentence and I don't\nknow what to extrapolate from the context. Then, it is directly followed by\n結婚しても which I find hard to integrate in this grammatical context which already\nmakes it hard for me to find out what is being said **precisely** here.^^",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T11:14:43.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59680",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T12:27:01.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "how do the conjunctive forms work here?",
"view_count": 109
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「少子化{しょうしか}の影響{えいきょう}などで婚姻件数{こんいんけんすう}そのものが減{へ}っているの **に加{くわ}え**\n> 、結婚{けっこん}しても式{しき}や披露宴{ひろうえん}などを行{おこな}わない、いわゆる「ナシ婚{こん}」が増{ふ}えて、 **そのあおり**\n> でブライダルの市場規模{しじょうきぼ}が縮小傾向{しゅくしょうけいこう}にあるのです。」\n\nHaving answered nearly 2,000 questions, I will confidently state that users\nhere tend to translate things too hastily -- namely, they translate even\nbefore they understand the sentence structure (and all the grammar and\nvocabulary used). That is not going to work with longer sentences.\n\nStripped of all the verbiage, the core structure of this sentence is:\n\n> 「In addition to (に加えて) **Cause A** , there is also **Cause B** and due to\n> those factors (そのあおりで), **Effect X** is occuring. 」\n\nCause A: 少子化の影響などで婚姻件数そのものが減っている\n\nCause B: 結婚しても式や披露宴などを行わない、いわゆる「ナシ婚」が増えている\n\nEffect X: ブライダルの市場規模が縮小傾向にある\n\nIf you have the above figured out, all that is left to do is to translate each\ncomponent and put them together into a coherent English sentence.\n\nBefore that, my own TL for 「ナシ婚」 would be \" ** _wedding-less marriages_** \"\nand 「あおり」 means a \" ** _negative influence_** \".\n\nMy mostly-literal TL attempt of the whole sentence:\n\n> \"In addition to the fact that the number of marriages is (already)\n> decreasing due to the declining birthrates, the number of the so-called\n> 'wedding-less marriages' where the couples get officially married without\n> going through any ceremonies is on the increase; therefore, as a consequence\n> of both factors, the market size of the bridal industry is indeed shrinking.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T12:27:01.453",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
59680
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59681
|
59681
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59686",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I was reading \"BTS, No more dream\" Japanese lyrics, and I encountered this\nline:\n\n> \"You tell me [何度もやれ!]\n\nAnd it was translated like this:\n\n> You tell me [I can't do anything!]\n\nI looked up 何度も in dictionary and it was translated as \"Many times or Often\". \nSo can you tell me why does it mean \"anything or nothing\" here?\n\nThanks in advance. \nShahrzad Parvizi.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T13:17:09.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59683",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T16:00:15.147",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-24T14:24:12.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "29840",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is it possible that \"何度も\" could be translated as \"Nothing or anything\"?",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, the translation you looked up is wrong. If anything, it might be\nrelated to the fact that this is from a Korean (i.e. non-native speaker) rap\nsong. (Thanks for pointing that out @ericfromabeno!)\n\nLets break it down:\n\n**何度も:** [many times over/often](https://jisho.org/search/nandomo)\n\n**やれ:** imparitive form of [やる](https://jisho.org/word/%E9%81%A3%E3%82%8B), or\n`to do; to undertake; to perform`\n\nSo I would run the translation as follows:\n\n> 何度もやれ！ \n> Do it often!\n\nOr, in terms of the feel:\n\n> Keep doing it!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T14:22:57.627",
"id": "59686",
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"parent_id": "59683",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59683
|
59686
|
59686
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59695",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> あの方はどなたですか。\n>\n> あの人はだれですか。\n\nI was looking for a way to say: **\" Who is that person?\"**, And I found these\ntwo ways of doing it. What is the difference between these two?.\n\nI found the first sentence in Minna no Nihongo book. Any help will be welcome.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T22:00:43.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59693",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T23:12:59.760",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between the two sentences?",
"view_count": 71
}
|
[
{
"body": "> あの方{かた}はどなたですか。\n>\n> あの人{ひと}はだれですか。\n\nThe only difference is the overall politeness and respect being expressed. The\nfirst sentence shows more respect toward the person being talked about.\n\n「方」 is the honorific form of 「人」 and 「どなた」, of 「だれ」, respectively.\n\nThus, the second sentence is very plain and treats \"that person\" with no\nparticular respect.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T23:12:59.760",
"id": "59695",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-24T23:12:59.760",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59693",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59693
|
59695
|
59695
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59710",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I sometimes hear or read sentences such as:\n\n 1. 行かないでよね！\n 2. 聞かないでよね！\n\nI get 「行かないでね！」and 「行かないでよ！」 but I wonder what nuance is added when both of\nthem are used like in these examples.\n\nI have the feeling that these are often used by young girls but I am not sure.\nCan it be used by men too?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T02:20:39.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59699",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T18:09:01.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19376",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particles",
"て-form",
"imperatives",
"particle-ね"
],
"title": "What does よ bring in 「〜ないでよね」？",
"view_count": 280
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's basically the same as (imperative +) よ, i.e. request ~~when the listener\ndoesn't seem to share the same recognition as the speaker~~ when you doubt\nthat the opponent does it.\n\nIn falling tone*1, it stands for complaint as well as よ, and extra ね softens\nit, sort of.\n\n(*1 **Edit** : I wrote \"falling tone\" because of similarity to falling よ, but\nI should have written it as \"lower intonation\" or so. This ね pronounced lower\nthan that of the below, but it can be still higher than the preceding よ per\nse. So, it's actually not \"falling\".)\n\nIn rising tone*2, it sounds more imploring than simple (imperative +) よ？,\nwhich prompts attention to not forget about it.\n\n(*2 This \"rising tone\" means that ね is pronounced higher than よ. If you\nfurther pronounce ね itself in sharp falling tone, it functions as (imperative\n+) よ with interjection ね, and the result is roughly the same.)\n\nAnd, now that you mention it, it could sound a little too wimpy for men to\nuse, though I think it depends on people, after all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T09:11:41.130",
"id": "59710",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "59699",
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"score": 6
}
] |
59699
|
59710
|
59710
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59707",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm trying to develop an API to normalize Japanese numbers into arabic\nnumbers. Since I'm not familiar with Japanese numbers, there are three\nquestions for which I did not find an answer:\n\n 1. How do we write negative numbers in kanji ? for example, what would be the syntax of _-1234_ ? Does one use the minus sign as in English, or some other sign like 負 ?\n 2. For the decimal separator, I read many things, and the source do not have the same answer: some say that it can be as in English, so for example \"三千2百２十.三\" will be equal to \"3220.3\". Some other source say that the separator is \"點\" or \"点\" and hence \"七十五點四〇二五\" is equal to \"75.4025\". So should I support the three characters as decimal separator ?\n 3. About the zero, which one is really used ? \"零\" or \"〇\" ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T07:04:59.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59706",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30193",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "numbers in Kanji",
"view_count": 726
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm majoring in Computer Sciences and studying in Japan. Here are what I\nnormally hear them being used:\n\n> 1. In Japanese, the term to describe the negative number or value in\n> general is 負の数. However, when you are saying a specific number like -1, -2\n> or -1234, we use マイナス1, マイナス2, マイナス1234 respectively.\n> 2. Both 点 and 點 describe the decimal separator. However, the kanji 点 is\n> being used more often since it is a modern Kanji whereas 點 is an old and\n> out-dated kanji. Since you are developing an API to normalize it, you can\n> opt to go for both with 点 being the default.\n> 3. Kanji for zero is 零(Rei). That is correct but when we write it out,\n> it's レイ or れい. In my class, both the lecturers and students tend to use\n> ゼロ(loan words of zero) or マル(Maru, which as you wrote above, is 〇 but we\n> don't convert it into a circle). We hardly use 零 unless you are writing\n> about the history of something or someone else's name. It may be used in\n> other field of areas but in programming and our daily life, hardly anyone\n> writes Rei as 零. With that being said, there is a possibility Rei is being\n> written as kanji on the computer as the computer provides the option to\n> choose the Kanji.\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T07:37:41.367",
"id": "59707",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T07:37:41.367",
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"owner_user_id": "30385",
"parent_id": "59706",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Kanji is no longer actively used to represent complicated numbers in most part\nof our daily life, and it's not a suitable way to describe numbers in\ntechnical contexts. [Kanji numbers are still used in vertical\nwriting](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/17450/5010). When people really\nneed to write negative fractional numbers in modern vertically-written\nmaterials (e.g. novels and newspapers), `-43.05`, for example, will usually\nlook like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mbdYj.png)\n\nKatakana マイナス indicates the number is negative, and a [centered dot (\"中黒\") is\nused in place of the decimal\nsign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_punctuation#Interpunct). (By the\nway, 点 \"ten\" is the _reading_ of this sign, not the actual symbol you write.)\nThe pseudo-kanji `〇` is usually used in this context. This is a relatively\nrecent convention only used in vertical writing. The same thing written\nhorizontally (`マイナス四三・〇五`) looks pretty unnatural.\n\nLastly, even if you're interested only in positive integers, there are still\nseveral ways to write them. Please see [my previous\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18296/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T07:46:14.460",
"id": "59708",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T09:35:25.620",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59706",
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"score": 8
}
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59706
|
59707
|
59708
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to remember how to say things such as 1 cup of water per 3 cups\nmilk, but in a more ambiguous manner.\n\nIs it along the lines of １分水の３分牛乳 but with 1(smaller part)の(bigger part)? If I\nwant to address the bigger part first as I do in the following example, can I\nrelate it in the same fashion of bigger thing as a topicは(smallerの分）を(some\nstuff)?\n\nspecifically:\n\n> 表で一般のプロットにプロットの分を題名を作ってあげられます。\n\nI want to say for the regular plots in a table, you can create titles for the\nsmaller/sub plots.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T08:00:52.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59709",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T15:57:39.827",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-25T15:57:39.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "30393",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say fractions and ratios in Japanese",
"view_count": 743
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 1 cup of water per 3 cups milk\n\nThere are various ways to say as follows for the above example. We usually say\nbigger part first.\n\n 1. 牛乳{ぎゅうにゅう}3カップに水{みず}1カップの割合{わりあい}\n 2. 3カップの牛乳[当]{あ}たり1カップの水\n 3. 3カップの牛乳に対{たい}して1カップの水\n 4. 牛乳3に水1の割合\n 5. 牛乳3、水1の割合\n 6. 牛乳1カップに水[1/3]{さんぶんのいち}カップ\n\n> specifically: 表で一般のプロットにプロットの分を題名を作ってあげられます。 I want to say for the regular\n> plots in a table, you can create titles for the smaller/sub plots.\n\nWe cannot answer your above question. Please express it a little more\naccurately.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T11:09:34.333",
"id": "59712",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
59709
| null |
59712
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59734",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was reading over this\n[article](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011483941000/k10011483941000.html)\nabout Midsummer Day of the Ox and selling eel. I'm wondering about the use of\nが in this sentence\n\n> この会社は今年、牛肉のステーキや、ビタミン **が** 多いしじみなども売ることにしました\n\nRoughly: This year the company decided on selling things like beef steak, also\nmany items like basket clams with added vitamins\n\nWhy is the が not a で? A part of me reads this as: Vitamins have many basket\nclams. Which definitely does not make sense",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T14:46:54.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59713",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T22:23:33.670",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-25T14:51:19.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Use of が in article about Midsummer Day of the Ox and selling eel",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ビタミンが多いしじみなども売ることにしました\n\nが makes what is before be directly related to the verb/adjective. If it is a\nverb, then it tells us that what is before the particle is the performer of\nthe action, if it is an adjective, then it tells us that it will be what is\nbeing qualified by the adjective. Example:\n\n> 私が書いた手紙 : A letter that I wrote\n>\n> 女が好きな男 : A guy who likes girls\n\nIn your sentence, replacing が by で would change the sentence's meaning:\n\n> ビタミンで多いしじみなども売ることにしました\n\nIn this sentence, ビタミン could be seen as a **cause/reason** (unlikely) and that\nwould make the sentence mean something like \" _because of the vitamins, we\ndecided to..._ \". It could be seen as a **with (method)** (unlikely) which\nwould make the sentence mean \" _We decided to sell 多いしじみ etc. too, with\nvitamins_ \". It could be seen as the **連用形 of だ** (very unlikely) which would\nmake the sentence mean \"It is vitamins, and we decided to sell 多いしじみ as well\".\n\nNone of these でs would make sense in this sentence.\n\nIn my opinion, here, で and が cannot mean the same thing, but it is kind of\nambiguous because of 多い which is an adjective and not a verb. If it had a verb\nwith it like in the phrase below:\n\n> ビタミンで満ちたしじみ\n\nI feel like it would be \"more grammatically correct\". And even if it was\ncorrect to use で with an adjective in this kind of sentence pattern, the fact\nthat で can mean so many different things would make it too ambiguous for\npeople to choose で over が.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T05:19:59.370",
"id": "59730",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T05:19:59.370",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29939",
"parent_id": "59713",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "* しじみを売る\n * しじみがビタミンが多い\n\nWhen you synthesize these sentences, you get ビタミンが多いしじみを売る.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T05:35:23.447",
"id": "59731",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T05:35:23.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "59713",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "> ビタミンが多いしじみ\n\nThe problem is that you are not correctly parsing this phrase.\n\n> × _many items like basket clams with added vitamins_ \n> × _vitamins have many basket clams_ \n> ○ **_vitamin-rich basket clams_**\n\nWhy is that?\n\n 1. **多い does not substitute \"many\"** \nIt's often said Japanese 多い means \"many\", but it's not true grammar-wise. The\ncorrect statement is 「Xが多い」 = \"there are many X\", that means 多い's lexical\nmeaning, if I'm forced to put it in English, is \"a large amount of X exists\".\nAnd vice versa for 少ない.\n\n 2. **多い cannot modify しじみ alone** \nDue to the aforementioned semantic feature, 多い is not able to move before the\nnoun, as [Japanese adjective attribution is actually forming relative\nclauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1016/7810). Consider, how could\nyou form a relative clause headed by \"people\" from \"a large amount of people\nexists\"? For this reason, 多いX which is transformed from Xが多い is almost\nnonsense. Even when you apparently see such construction, it's usually some\nimplicit subject (nominative) hidden.\n\n> 多い時期は1日1000人 = ( **観光客が** )多い時期は1日1000人 _1000 people a day during the season\n> when there are many ( **visitors** ) [= high season]_\n>\n> 多い日も安心 = ( **経血が** )多い日も安心 _no worry even on a day where there are much (\n> **flow** )_ [sanitary pad ad cliche]\n\nThe situation is quite contrastive to English _many_ , which cannot stand as\npredicate i.e. \"many people\" → *\"the people are many\".\n\n 3. **ビタミンが多い modifies しじみ** \nThus you can only interpret the clause ビタミンが多い (\"there is much vitamin\" or\n\"vitamin is abundant\") modifying しじみ. [Japanese relative\nclauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/7810) allows any kind of\nrelations between the head noun and the clause, thus you can understand it\nvirtually as \"basket clams in which vitamin is abundant\".\n\nMore grammatically correctly, the original sentence before relativization was\na [topic-comment structure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic-\nprominent_language) that accepts a complete sentence in the place where\nEnglish grammar only expect a predicate. This type of construction typically\ndescribes such content you use possessive expressions to convey in English.\n\n> しじみはビタミンが多い \n> _As for basket clams, there is much vitamin_ or _basket clams have much\n> vitamin_",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T13:50:29.760",
"id": "59734",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
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"score": 4
}
] |
59713
|
59734
|
59734
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59715",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to say something like \"The button labeled 'blue' at the lower\nright is red.\"\n\nI know that adjectives can be connected together with their て-form. It seems\nlike maybe the the same should happen with verbs, but the ordering and\nsentence connection implied by the て-form makes this sound awkward to me. For\nsome reason, I also cannot find examples on this.\n\nThe two verbs I am thinking of are ある and 付けられる (labeled?).\n\nMy current translation is 右下にあって「blue」と付けられたボタンは赤いです。\n\nMay someone explain how to connect with multiple noun-modifying verbs? Also,\nwhat is a natural translation for my example sentence?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T15:03:40.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59714",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T15:16:49.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Multiple verbs as noun modifiers",
"view_count": 499
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you are referring to when verbs are connected by the て form because\nyou want to express that their tense is identical and the two or more verbs\nare connected in sequence.\n\nりんごをあらってたべた。 I washed the apple and ate it.\n\nbut when verbs are used to modify a noun, you need the verb tenses to agree\nwith the state of the thing they are modifying.\n\nSo \"The button (that **is** ) on the bottom right, **labelled** \"blue\" **is**\nred.\" should be translated 右下に **ある** 「blue」と **付けられた** ボタンは赤い **です** 。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T15:16:49.457",
"id": "59715",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T15:16:49.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59714",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59714
|
59715
|
59715
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59725",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> A: 紫天に吼{ほ}えよ、我が鼓動ッ\n>\n> A: 出{いで}よ巨重{きょじゅう}！\n>\n> A: ジャガァ～～～ノ～トォ～～ッ！\n\nThis is A's chant for a big attack. The split between the lines and the\nrubying is pretty much how it's written down in reference material, only using\n() instead of actual rubying.\n\n> 紫天に吼{ほ}えよ\n\nis basically \"roar/cry to the purple heavens/sky\"\n\nThe next part starts the wierdnes. I know わが is my (and I see it seems it can\nbe used for third person too?) but 鼓動 is beat as in heartbeat, but I also any\nother movement physical or mental that involves shaking. But still it feels\nout of place here.\n\nI guess I could see it meaning something like\n\n> Cry out to the purple heavens my heart (which is trembling or something).\n\nBut to make the matters wierder to me, the next bit isn't much clearer either.\n\nI guess 出（いで）よ is probably the imperative form of 出でる, allthough why the で was\nfolded into 出 with い is also strange. But the next bit 巨重 doesn't make any\nsense to me. It seems the person just stuck two kanji for gigantic and heavy\nand is pronouncing them like the word for a large animal.\n\nI guess this could be the refference to her upcoming BIG attack she is\nbringing up with this, and いでよ is saying\n\n> Come (my) big heavy monster/attack!\n\nAnd no, this is pretty much a rather normal beam attack, so no actual\nsummoning or anything.\n\nSo what's up with those words. They REALLY feel out of place here, so for now\nI have been thinking of this as meaning something like:\n\n> Cry to the Purple Sky, my heart! The giant is comming! JUGGERNAUT!\n\nBut I'm REALLY doubtfull.\n\nWhat do you think the translation should be, and what do these words mean in\nthis context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T15:37:04.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59716",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T04:32:36.200",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "I'm not really sure what's up with these words (鼓動 and 巨重) in this sentence",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think your translation is reasonable. I'd tweak it a little like this:\n\n> Scream to the Purple Sky, my heart! Come out, the Giant! JUGGERNAUT!\n\nThe normal meaning of `鼓動` is just \"beat\" or \"pulse\", so it does include\nheartbeat but it could be something else. In this sentence `鼓動` is screaming,\nso it comes across less like heartbeat but more like some kind of life energy\nor soul beacon.\n\n`いでる` is \"to emerge\" and `よ` is a command particle. So it's commanding `巨重` to\nemerge and presumably to attack. `巨重` is indeed not a word, but its intended\nmeaning is easy to guess, as you note.\n\nThe whole thing sounds like some kind of made-up magic chanting commonly seen\nin comic or anime, so I wouldn't worry too much that it doesn't make much\nsense. I bet somebody invented this whole thing in a haste!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T04:32:36.200",
"id": "59725",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T04:32:36.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3059",
"parent_id": "59716",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59716
|
59725
|
59725
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59726",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> このうち、これまでに５回、パラリンピックに出場した競泳の成田真由美選手は、左手が不自由で、ふだんからエスカレーターの右側につかまって乗っていることを\n> **紹介したうえで**\n> 「意識を変えることに費用はかかりません。障害のある人の立場にたって考えてほしい」と呼びかけました。([article](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180623/k10011492721000.html?utm_int=news-\n> life_contents_list-items_006))\n\nAccording to the answers of this\n[question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15190/meaning-\nof-%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E5%BD%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E-%EF%BC%8B-%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%86%E3%81%88%E3%81%A7),\n\"ta-form + 上で\" means that the second action is performed based on the result\nof the first action.\n\nIf the writer had used てから, it would have meant : doing the 紹介 and then the\n呼びかけ (without telling anything about the relation between them except that 紹介\nis made before the 呼びかけ)\n\nBut the author uses 紹介した上で, so it means(according to the stack exchange post I\nlinked before) that the result of 紹介する is used to do the second action (呼びかける)\n\nI don't understand what is the \"result\" of 紹介 and how this result is used in\nthe 呼びかける.\n\nAccording to me, the result of a presentation is the reaction of the public,\nso 呼びかける should be made according to the reaction of the public but it sounds\nodd because since the 呼びかけ tries to raise the awareness and convince the\npublic,it would mean that the reaction of the public was negative.\n\nI don't think it's the correct interpretation so my very question is:\n\n**\" ta-form + 上で\" means that the second action is performed based on the\nresult of the first action. In the context of this article, what is the\n\"result\" of 紹介 and how is this result used in the 呼びかける ?**",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T16:59:45.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59718",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T06:29:22.757",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of ta-form + 上で in this context?",
"view_count": 253
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you have pointed out, understanding this ta-form + 上で expression is\ndependent on understanding what \"result\" is being referred to. \nThe result of 左手が不自由で、ふだんからエスカレーターの右側につかまって乗っていることを紹介する is that people are now\n**aware of the reason** she and others in similar situations have to be on one\nside of the escalator. So now that that reason has been announced publicly,\nshe is asking that people be more aware of such situations, be considerate,\netc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T04:39:23.837",
"id": "59726",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T04:39:23.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "59718",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "\"ta-form + 上で\" means basically \"after doing\". It has a nuance that a following\nsentence is on the premise for a sentence before 上で. That is the speaker\nemphasizes that a sentence before 上で is before a following sentence.\n\nFor example, 私は英語を勉強した上でアメリカに行きたい is almost the same as 私は英語を勉強した後でアメリカに行きたい\nor 私は英語を勉強してからアメリカに行きたい. However when you use 上で, it has the nuance like going\nto the U.S is on the premise for learning English.\n\nAs for your sentence, it means \"After she introduced her trouble when she take\nan escalator, she appealed that she want people to think about things from\nhandicapped people's viewpoints\". It was emphasized that introducing her\ntrouble was before her appeal and her appeal was on the premise for it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T05:02:57.130",
"id": "59729",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-06-26T06:29:22.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
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"score": 2
}
] |
59718
|
59726
|
59726
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I don't understand how Japanese space their words in a sentence. Can someone\nexplain it? I've looked around online but haven't really read something that\nmade me understand it completely. Is it case by case or is there a general\nrule?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T20:04:35.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59720",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T14:57:31.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30402",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Spaces in Japanese",
"view_count": 1349
}
|
[
{
"body": "Ordinary Japanese sentences for adults do not have spaces at all. The only\nexception is after a western-style question/exclamation mark at the end of a\nsentence, where a small space is usually inserted. This is because the\ncombination of kana and kanji will usually give us enough hint to tell word\nboundaries.\n\nWhen kanji is not available for whatever reason, spaces are often used to help\nreaders. See: [Spaces in children's\nbooks](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27624/5010). You may see sentences\nincluding spaces in beginner textbooks. In addition, lyrics, haiku and poems\ntend not to have punctuation marks, so they use spaces instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T05:37:41.800",
"id": "59732",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T05:37:41.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59720",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "**Simple answer:**\n\nJapanese writing does not use spaces, except for special cases (children's\nbooks come to mind). I think the other answer covers this well, so I won't go\ninto it.\n\n* * *\n\n**Potential Explanation:**\n\nIn addition to the other answer I would like to add a little more. The\nJapanese understanding of the word 言葉｛ことば｝ is different from the English\nunderstanding of `word`.\n\nThe second definition for 言葉 on\n[Jisho.org](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89) is `word; words;\nphrase; term; expression; remark`. I find this significant because it\nrepresents (in my mind) a different understanding of how words fit together.\nThe fact that 言葉 can mean both `word` and `phrase` is significant because it\nimplies that the English speaker's understanding of the two words/definitions\nis different from the Japanese speaker's understanding. In essence, a 言葉 is\njust part of a sentence.\n\nWhile I have no scientific proof of this, I would not be surprised if this\ndifference in understanding is part of the reason why Japanese writing does\nnot use spaces.\n\nThat being said, the Japanese word\n[単語｛たんご｝](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%8D%98%E8%AA%9E) is pretty close in\nmeaning to the English translation `word; vocabulary`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T14:57:31.497",
"id": "59735",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T14:57:31.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "59720",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59720
| null |
59732
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What I've learned is Japanese refer to their family differently than they\nwould refer to other peoples family. Like 'Haha' being mother, but also\n'Okasan' is mother. However, everything I've seen in anime and manga they\nalways refer to their family members using these titles like Otousan, One-chan\nand so on. Is this one of those instances where you can't trust the\nmanga/anime?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T20:55:44.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59722",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T23:10:44.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30402",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Titles for family",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "Talking about your mother _to other people_ , you say 母 'haha'. That is an\nexceptionally weird thing to _call her to her face_ , though; in that case,\nyou say お母さん 'okaasan'. Same goes for 父 'chichi' and お父さん 'otousan', 兄 'ani'\nand お兄さん 'oniisan', and 姉 'ane' and お姉さん 'oneesan'.\n\nIf you're young, or talking to close friends, then it can be permissible to\nuse the 'o~san' words, but in formal situations you should probably use the\nothers.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T23:10:44.023",
"id": "59724",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T23:10:44.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "59722",
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"score": 6
}
] |
59722
| null |
59724
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 待ち合わせ場所は名古屋市内。ショートカットの髪型 **に**\n> Ｔシャツ、デニムで来てくれたのはユウさん（仮名）、いま高校生です。([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180625/k10011494911000.html?utm_int=netnewsup_contents_list-\n> items_001))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-25T21:37:29.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59723",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-25T21:37:29.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "What is the function of に in this sentence?",
"view_count": 31
}
|
[] |
59723
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59740",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm doing a practice book that tends to oversimplify things for the sake of...\nsimplicity. In one of the questions, the following sentence is given:\n\n> 柿をください。 **それと** 、イチゴも。`＿＿`、ドリアンも。\n\nThe provided two similar options, `あと・それで`, with the former being the answer.\n\nI'd always thought that **それで** can fill in any place where I wish to express\n\"and then,\" so I chose the latter.\n\nIn the explanation section, they say that `それと = それから`, and `あと = それほかに`.\n\nThey also gave these two sample sentences:\n\n> 登山はちょっと…。時間がないし…、 **それと** 体力もないし…。 \n> 宿題はしたし、掃除もしたし、 **あと** 何をしたらいいかな。\n\nIn addition to それで, I had always thought that the following conjunctions are\ninterchangeable: `それで`, `それから`, and `あと(は)` (didn't know that `それと` existed).\nAs mentioned above, there's also `そのほかに`, which I feel do not differ\nsignificantly from them. This thesaurus confirms my assumption\n[それからの同義語](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89\n\"類語\") about most of them bar **それで**.\n\n**Question:** \nHow are these similar terms used differently? How does one decide when to use\nwhich? I'm especially keen on knowing why **それで** does not work in the\nquestion sentence. If these's really no way of explaining the subtlety, I'll\ntake \"time and exposure\" for an answer.\n\n**Edit 1:** \nThanks to **user4092様** 's comment, I think それで is out of the way now.\nHowever, are **それと, それから, あと(は), and そのほかに** interchangeable in the sentence\nat the top? Can I switch them around? For example, can I say\n\n> Aをください。 **あと** 、B。 **それから** 、Cも。\n>\n> or\n>\n> Aをください。 **そのほかに** 、B。 **それから** 、Cも。\n\n**Edit 2:** \n**それかれ** was an awful typo on my part obviously. My apologies. (Apparently, it\nexists tho.)\n\nどうぞよろしくお願いいたします！",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T04:48:25.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59728",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T16:50:17.723",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "それで, それと, それから, あと(は), and そのほかに: The difference",
"view_count": 3174
}
|
[
{
"body": "**それで**\n\n```\n\n １ 前述の事柄を受けて、それを理由としてあとの事柄を導く場合に用いる。それだから。それゆえ。そういうわけで。「納得できなくて、それでまた質問したのです」\n \n ２ 前の事柄を受けて、話題を他に転じたり、相手に話を促したりするときに用いる。そして。「それで、これからどうしようか」「それで、どうなったの」\n \n```\n\nBasically it says that it is either used to \" _justify something_ \", or to \"\n_change/make the conversation progress_ \".\n\nIn English, \" **so** \" has the same usage so I think it's a good translation.\n\n> それでまた質問したのです : So I asked a question (which is why I asked a question)\n>\n> それで、どうなったの : So, what happened? (and? what happened?)\n\n**それと**\n\n```\n\n １ 物事を付け加える際に用いる接続詞的表現。「それ」は前述の事柄を指す。「それと、お花に水もあげといて」などのように用いる。\n \n```\n\nIt says that it is used _to add something (an action, object etc) to one\nanother_.\n\n> それと、お花に水もあげといて : With that, give the flower some water (also, give the water\n> some water)\n\n**それかれ**\n\n```\n\n １ 不定称。その名をいわずに二人以上の人をさしていう語。だれそれ。だれとだれ。 「院の殿上には誰誰かありつると人の問へば，－など四五人ばかりいふに／枕草子 108」 \n \n```\n\nIt says that it is used _to refer to more than 2 people without using their\nnames_. This one doesn't really have anything to do with the others but I\ninclude it anyway.\n\n**あと(は)**\n\n```\n\n １ （接続詞的に用いて）それから。「後、気付いたことはありませんか」\n \n```\n\nI think this one is the easiest of all because the meaning is basically 後s\nmeaning (after, then). The only thing to remember is that it doesn't\nnecessarily mean \" _after_ \" like if you were referring to an event that\nhappened after a first one as in \" _I will go after I finish this_ \" but it\ncan also mean something like \"and\" as in 後は・・・これ！ (= And... this!!). So it has\na really broad meaning.\n\n**そのほかに**\n\nThis one means something like \"other than that\" and is pretty literal so you\nshouldn't have problems understanding it.\n\nNow if we take your sentence:\n\n> 柿をください。それと、イチゴも。＿＿、ドリアンも。\n\nFrom what user4092 added and the definitions, we can definitely say that それで\nwouldn't fit there.\n\nそれと would. Because the それ would be referring to the previous element (イチゴ) and\nと would mean something like \" _with_ \". That being said, I feel like it would\nbe very weird as it has already been used two words before. So definitely not\nthe best answer here even though it wouldn't be incorrect.\n\nそれかれ wouldn't.\n\nそのほかに wouldn't in my opinion. It feels too long for such a simple sentence,\nespecially with the それと that was used in the previous one.\n\nThe best one would definitely be あと since it is much more productive and\nsimple.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T16:17:44.307",
"id": "59740",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T16:17:44.307",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 5
}
] |
59728
|
59740
|
59740
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59741",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Besides the obvious 'snow', someone listed the name Yuki on a name website as\nalso meaning happiness, blessing, or good fortune using the characters 幸き.\nDictionaries list that 幸 can become こ / さき / さし / さっ / とも / ひろ / みゆき / ゆ / ゆき\n/ よし. Yu and Yuki are listed at the end, but is it accurate to say that this\nname means happiness?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T15:04:50.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59736",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T16:25:25.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19824",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"names"
],
"title": "Does 'yuki' really mean happiness?",
"view_count": 14826
}
|
[
{
"body": "I have found that sometimes parents are very creative with their use of kanji\nwhen naming children. You see a similar thing happen in the United States when\npeople start getting creative with the spelling of names (like Aleks instead\nof Alex).\n\nJisho.org says the [kanji](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%B9%B8%20%23kanji)\nmeans the following: `happiness, blessing, fortune`.\n\nYou ask:\n\n> Yu and Yuki are listed at the end, but is it accurate to say that this name\n> means happiness?\n\nI say that you are quite possibly right, but it may be difficult to know for\nsure without having talked to the parents. I would imagine that your\nunderstanding is correct though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T15:12:53.340",
"id": "59738",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "> Does 'yuki' really mean happiness?\n\nI feel like this is a loaded question, so let's break it down.\n\n * The character 幸 means \"happiness\".\n\n * If the name ゆき is written using this kanji, then it also means \"happiness\". \n\n * ゆき by itself does not necessarily mean anything—ゆ and き simply represent sounds.\n\n * However, context could easily provide a meaning to those sounds, and ゆき as a word has several different meanings.\n * If you knew someone named 'Yuki' who spelled it simply ゆき (or possibly ユキ), it might not have any meaning.\n * If you see someone's name written as 幸, [you'd be wise not to assume it's read as ゆき (or anything else)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/5532).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T16:24:21.263",
"id": "59741",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T16:24:21.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "59736",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "The question is asking about the word `yuki` and its relation to the meaning\n`happiness`. Kanji spellings do not always reflect the meaning of a word.\n\nLooking up `yuki` in several monolingual dictionaries, we find other words\npronounced `yuki`, such as 裄 (some part of a kimono) or 斎木 (some tree used in\nrituals), but these do not seem to be related.\n\nThe word 幸 with the reading `saki` or `sachi` means `happiness`, `fortune`,\n`luck` (or [products of the\nsea](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B8-441491#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)).\nThis reading is closer to `yuki`, but offers no explanation how we would get\nfrom `saki` to `yuki`.\n\nNow, checking a kanji dictionary for 幸, it lists the reading `miyuki` as a\nkunyomi (Japanese) reading for the kanji; and elaborates on its meaning:\n\n> みゆき。天子が出かけることをいう敬語。▽思いがけないさいわいの意から。 (学研漢和大字典)\n\nThat is, `miyuki` is a respectful expression referring to the emperor going\noutside or taking a trip. Furthermore, the dictionary attributes the kanji\nspelling to it being a metaphor for likening the emperor showing himself in\npublic as an unexpected ― but _fortunate_ ― happening.\n\nThe word `miyuki` seems to me to be a combination of the honoric prefix 御【mi】\nand 行【yu】き (noun form of `yuku`, to go). Checking a dictionary such as the\n大辞泉, they seem to agree.\n\nThis also nicely separates the word into the two parts `mi` and `yuki`. So my\nassumption is that the reading `yuki` derives from a shortening of `miyuki`.\nIn this case, I'd say it is related to happiness, but does not mean that.\n\nAs for personal names, if the parents give their child a name that is read\nwith `yuki` and spelled with `幸`, there is a good chance they intend the\nmeaning of `happiness` and I guess in that sense it could be said to mean\nhappiness.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T16:25:25.797",
"id": "59742",
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"score": 8
}
] |
59736
|
59741
|
59741
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What are the differences? They both seem to be about naming things.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T15:08:58.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59737",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T15:44:02.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "名乗るｖｓ名付ける? Differences?",
"view_count": 103
}
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[
{
"body": "* (～と)名乗る is to \"to identify/introduce oneself (as ～)\" or \"tell one's (own) name\". It's not about making a new name but about telling a name. \n\n> 太郎と名乗った。 He called himself Taro.\n\n * (～と)名付ける is \"to give someone/something a name\" or simply \"to name\". \n\n> 太郎と名付けた。 I named (the baby) Taro.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T15:44:02.217",
"id": "59739",
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"score": 7
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"body": "Both have the same meaning: \"That star is you.\" But what makes them different?\nIf it's the nuance, what exactly is it?\n\nContext: It's from a song's lyrics, the first one get sang first, whilst the\nlatter get sang later.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T16:38:11.363",
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"id": "59743",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-09-20T14:37:59.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30294",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"copula"
],
"title": "\"あの星があなたで\" and \"あの星はあなただ\", between those two, what's the difference?",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[
{
"body": "だ is the basic form of the copula, so あの星はあなただ is a complete sentence.\n\nで is the continuative form of だ, so あの星はあなたで is not a complete sentence; it\nleads into whatever follows.\n\nBasically あの星はあなただ is simply \"That star is you\", whereas あの星はあなたで is more like\n\"That star is you, and...\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T16:41:59.247",
"id": "59744",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
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"accepted_answer_id": "59746",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know あおい means \"blue (adj.)\" and あお means \"the color blue\". What does \"blue\n(adj.)\" mean? Like \"I am feeling blue?\"\n\n**Note** I have just started with Japanese. I am on first column of Hiragana.\nI did do google search but I wasn't able to understand the answers that come\nup.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T17:19:35.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "30411",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"colors"
],
"title": "What is the difference between あお and あおい?",
"view_count": 2105
}
|
[
{
"body": "Technically, 青｛あお｝ is a noun. You would use it as you would use other\ndescriptive nouns (i.e. `noun is [descriptive noun]`). For example:\n\n> ボールは青｛あお｝だ。 \n> The ball is blue.\n>\n> 空｛そら｝は青｛あお｝だ。 \n> The sky is blue.\n\nObviously, construction can get more complex, but the general idea will stay\nthe same. You'll get the hang of it when you start to deal more with\ndescriptive nouns.\n\n青い｛あおい｝ is an adjective describing something as blue. For example:\n\n> 青{あお}いボール \n> blue ball\n>\n> 青｛あお｝い空｛そら｝ \n> blue sky\n\nThe idiom `I'm feeling blue` will never have a literal translation in\nJapanese, since 青｛あお｝ and 青い｛あおい｝ are only used in relation to color. Colors\ntypically cannot be applied to feelings like the English counterpart is in\nthis idiom.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-26T17:23:37.723",
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{
"body": "As you mentioned before, あおい refers to blue as an adjective, and あお as a noun\n\"the color blue.\" Addressing your question directly, あおい as an adjective is\nreferring to the property of an object that is color.\n\nIf you think of an adjective (in this case, an い-adjective that is あおい) as a\nword that tells you about a property of an object, you might be able to tell\nthat there is some usage overlap that can give you a similar meaning between\nthe adjective and the noun counterpart for this word. However, a clear\ndistinction needs to be made that is of the nature:\n\n> X(noun) は Y(noun) です \n> X is Y. (X is equivalent to Y.)\n>\n> X(noun) は Y(adj.) です \n> X has a property which is Y.\n\nIt is possible to state the following with both words:\n\n> This ball is blue. \n> このボールはあおです。 \n> このボールはあおいです。\n\n...However, the meaning is slightly different between the two:\n\n> このボールはあおいです。 \n> This ball is blue. (lit. is of a blue nature, has a blue \"color\" property,\n> etc.)\n\n...versus:\n\n> このボールはあおです。 \n> This ball is blue. (lit. this ball is LITERALLY \"the color blue\").\n\nAs for using the color あお as denoting the \"blue\" feeling, this is a concept\nthat is not native to Japanese. However, you could use ブルー \"blue\" to say this.\nThis is not something that everyone will understand universally, but is\npresent in at least some form of popular media (the song 仲良し by Spitz comes to\nmind for this). The lyric that contains this usage is:\n\n> いつも仲良｛なかよ｝しでいいよねって言｛い｝われて、でもどこか **ブルー** になってた、あれは恋｛こい｝だった。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-27T00:19:32.597",
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59745
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59746
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59746
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"body": "I'm asking because I've been searching for anime scenes that involve the knee-\nshaking trope. がくがく came up, but I'm not sure if that refers to knees shaking\nspecifically or just regular trembling. If not, does anyone know how to say\n\"shaky knees\" in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T21:37:06.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59747",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T22:14:26.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does がくがく refer to shaking in general, or shaking of the knees?",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "[**がくがく**](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/38619/meaning/m0u/)\n\n> **１** 固定されていないで緩んでいるさま。ぐらぐら。「奥歯ががくがくする」\n>\n> **２** 寒さや恐ろしさ、疲労などで、からだの一部が小刻みに震えるさま。「脚ががくがく（と）震える」「ひざががくがくする」\n\nThis mimetic word chiefly depicts that something hard and is supposed to be\nimmobile rattles due to loosened fixation. When applied to human movement,\nit's suitable to represent a rectilinear kind of shake the way joint would do,\nwhile a similar word\n[ぶるぶる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/196232/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%B6%E3%82%8B%E3%81%B6%E3%82%8B/)\nstands for those have convulsive impression. Thus while one of its typical\nusage is to describe shaking knees, it's not limited to that, as you can see\nfrom the dictionary entry above.\n\nWe can just say 膝ががくがく（する） to mean \"have shaky knees\", or if you're sure you\nwant a noun phrase, 震える膝 is for \"shaky knees\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-26T22:14:26.160",
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"body": "Lately I have come across two new “Grammar structures.” (I struggle to call\nthem grammar because they are just phrases, but whatever.)\n\n> まるで。。。ように and かのように.\n\nI understand they can both work together, but what’s the difference between\neach of them. For example comparing:\n\n> 彼はまるで天才のように俺たちを見下げた,\n>\n> 彼は天才であるかのように俺たちを見下げた; And\n>\n> 彼は天才のように俺たちを見下げた.\n\nI take it that まるで and かの add an aspect of ‘just’ like something. But does\neach of these just add emphasis or am I missing something majorly?\n\nAnd to sum it up I guess what is the connotation if it is all together:\n\n> 彼はまるで天才であるかのように俺たちを見下げた。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T22:59:54.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59749",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-27T08:56:09.013",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26263",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Whats the difference between meaning and connotation of the different parts of まるで。。。かのように",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "**まるで**\n\n```\n\n １ 違いがわからないほどあるものやある状態に類似しているさま。あたかも。さながら。「この惨状は丸で地獄だ」「丸で夢のよう」\n \n```\n\n(From <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/210069/meaning/m0u/>)\n\nThe definition says that it is used when we want to emphasize the fact that\ntwo things look so much alike that you can't see the difference.\n\nNow I personally like to look at the root of the words when learning them, so\nI learned to see まるで like something that includes the thing it refers to as a\nwhole because of the meaning of 丸 (round shape, circle). So I'd usually\ntranslate it by something like \"complete(ly)\" (I'm not a translator though)\nwhich I think carries more or less the same meaning.\n\n> 丸で地獄だ : It is complete hell\n\nWhen added to (か)のように I feel like it adds the same nuance of taking what\nfollows as a whole and although sometimes it sounds more natural not to\ntranslate it, I would still see it as \"complete(ly)\".\n\n**のように**\n\nI assume you learned this grammar so I am not going to go too much into it,\nbut 様 carries the meanings \"way, appearance\" so if you want to see it in a\nliteral way you can translate it in your head as \"in a way/appearance of...\"\n\n**か**\n\nか is, to me, a particle that shows uncertainty. In the case of かのように, I feel\nlike the か is what gives the expression this meaning of \"as if\" (something\nthat is thought to be unreal).\n\nTo sum it up, this is how I would translate (literally) the expressions in\nyour sentences:\n\n> まるで天才のように : In a way of completely a genius (like he's a complete genius)\n>\n> 天才であるかのように : In a way as if he is a genius (as if he were a genius)\n>\n> 天才のように : In a way of a genius (like he's a genius)\n>\n> まるで天才であるかのように : In a way as if he is a complete genius (as if he were a\n> complete genius)\n\nThis is how I make the distinction.",
"comment_count": 3,
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59749
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59755
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"body": "It was quoted in _The Chrysanthemum and the Sword_ and appears to be a\njapanese idiom.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-27T03:19:50.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59751",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T22:38:34.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30415",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"idioms"
],
"title": "What's 'to take one's proper station' in japanese?",
"view_count": 491
}
|
[
{
"body": "応分の場を占める （おうぶんのばをしめる） This is the title of the third chapter I found through a\ngoogle search. It translates more literally to \"Occupy the appropriate area\"\nmore or less.\n\nBut, it's slightly different in the link the person posted above, so I'm not\nsure which is the original.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T20:41:28.173",
"id": "59783",
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{
"body": "The truth is that no one knows for sure.\n\nThat is because the book's author Ruth Benedict simply **_does not_**\nelucidate in the book what the exact Japanese saying is that she translates as\n\"to take one's proper station\".\n\nAccording to what I could gather online, however, many Japanese Benedict\nscholars seem to believe that the phrase is:\n\n「各々{おのおの}其{そ}ノ所{ところ}ヲ得{う}」\n\nwhich indeed means \"Each takes his proper station.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T13:47:28.110",
"id": "59824",
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59783
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"body": "Does anybody with in-depth knowledge of Old Japanese know why vowel-based\nverbal stems could only end in -e or -i (leading to the える/いる or type 2 class\nof verbs in Modern Japanese)? Why are there no cases of vowel based verbal\nstems ending in e.g. -a, -o or -u?\n\nIt is a very peculiar feature when compared to other languages that have\nconjugations based on the last letter/vowel of the verbal stem (such as Latin,\nGreek and Sanskrit)… Unfortunately my Japanese is rather rudimentary and my\nOld Japanese practically non-existent…",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-27T05:56:53.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59752",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-06-27T06:15:00.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"conjugations",
"classical-japanese",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "Question about verbs in Old Japanese",
"view_count": 367
}
|
[
{
"body": "The capitalized _Old Japanese_ (上代日本語) certainly has two vowel-stem types of\nverbs that yield today's _-eru/-iru_ verbs respectively. However, it's not\naccurate to say they end in _-e/-i_ because the language in the Old Japanese\nstage had 8 distinct \"vowels\", or to recent understanding, more like \"rhymes\":\n\n> _a, i 1, i2, u, e1, e2, o1, o2_\n\nwhich merged into the current 5-vowel system by the 9th century (then it\nbecomes called [Early Middle\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Middle_Japanese)).\n\nThe two stem-final vowels you mentioned are actually _-e 2_ and _-i 2_, both\nof which were formed by contraction of adjacent vowels which are thought to\nhave existed in earlier, pre-document ages. Since I don't have access to books\nsuch as Frellesvig (2010) now, just let me quote\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Japanese) for an overview:\n\n> * _i_ 2 < *ui: _kami_ 2/ _kamu_ - 'god, spirit', _mi_ 2/ _mu_ - 'eye',\n> _nagi_ 2/ _nagu_ - 'a calm'.\n> * _i_ 2 < *əi: _ki_ 2/ _ko_ 2- 'tree', _yomi_ 2/ _yomo_ 2- 'Hades'.\n> * _e_ 2 < *ai: _me_ 2/ _ma_ - 'eye', _ame_ 2/ _ama_ - 'heaven', _ame_ 2/\n> _ama_ - 'rain', _kage_ 2/ _kaga_ - 'shade'.\n>\n\nThus you can presume that some vowel-stem verbs were actually composed by\nunderlying bases that end in other vowels, and suffixing * _i_.\n\n> _aka_ \"red, bright\" / _ake 2-_ \"brighten\" \n> _oko 2-s-_ \"raise up\" / _oki 2-_ \"arise\"",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-27T09:43:36.813",
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59752
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{
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"body": "I'm particularly confused by Xが与えられた where X refers to the object being given.\n\nConsider:\n\n> 学校側は彼にバイクで通学する許可を与えた.\n>\n\n>> は(が) seems to mark the action-er doing 与える; を the object of 与える; and に the\nreceiver of 与える.\n\nUsing the passive form,\n\n> 彼は雪の研究で母校から博士号を与えられた.\n>\n\n>> は(が) seems to mark the receiver of 与えられる; を the object of 与えられる; and から(に)\nthe action-er of 与えられる.\n\nHowever, this usage confuses me:\n\n> 国際平和に対する貢献が認められ, 彼にノーベル平和賞が与えられた.\n>\n\n>> In this sentence, が seems to mark the object that is given instead of the\nreceiver, and に seems to mark the receiver.\n\nAm I missing something here? Why does が and から（に） take different functions\nusing the same passive construction? Do I have to just memorise these\ndifferent usages?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-27T07:31:17.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59753",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Usages of 与えられる",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "No you're not missing anything.\n\nAnd those usages are not different from any other verb in the passive form.\n与える isn't a special one.\n\n**Edit:**\n\nThe differences between the last two sentences are:\n\n * In 彼は雪の研究で母校から博士号を与えられた, we know who the giver is.\n * In 彼にノーベル平和賞が与えられた, we don't know who the giver is.\n * In 彼は雪の研究で母校から博士号を与えられた, the 彼 is being marked as the topic of the sentence.\n * In 彼にノーベル平和賞が与えられた, the topic of the sentence is not directly specified.\n\nIn English:\n\n> **彼は** 雪の研究で母校から博士号を与えられた : **He** has been given a 博士号 by 母校\n>\n> **彼に** ノーベル平和賞が与えられた : A 平和賞 has been given **to him**\n\nWe can see this pattern with a lot of other verbs:\n\n> **X** は **Y** に **Z** をされた : **X** has been done **Z** by **Y**\n>\n> **X** に **Z** がされた : **Z** has been done by **X**\n\nThis is a basic usage of the passive form",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-27T07:40:36.060",
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{
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"body": "「雨にぬれる」 Why does it have to be used に in this phrase",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-27T11:07:18.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59757",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-17T19:50:35.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30258",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "I’m confused about に particle",
"view_count": 226
}
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[
{
"body": "I think it's likely this particular phrasing stems from classical Japanese.\n\nIf we look for に on <http://kobun.weblio.jp> we find this:\n\n> 〔動作や作用の手法・手段〕…で。…によって。\n>\n> 出典竹取物語 火鼠の皮衣\n>\n> 「この皮衣は、火に焼かむに焼けずはこそ真（まこと）ならめ」\n>\n> [訳] この皮衣は、火で焼こうとして焼けなかったならば、本物であろう。\n\nEssentially, に could be used as a particle to refer to means of action. This\nhelps to account for the \"poetic\" feeling referenced in the question posted by\nChocolate as well as the supposed declining usage of \"雨に濡れる\" specifically by\nyounger speakers of modern Japanese.",
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"creation_date": "2018-07-17T19:50:35.317",
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59757
| null |
60193
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{
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"body": "> 雨{あめ} **に** ぬれる\n\nWhy shouldn’t it be\n\n> 雨{あめ} **で** ぬれる\n\nCould you please explain to me why に is used in this expression? Is で\nincorrect here or is there a difference in nuance?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-27T13:02:56.700",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Usage of に in 「雨にぬれる」",
"view_count": 309
}
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[
{
"body": "First off, let us check a corpus to see if there is actually a difference in\ndistribution. Here are some results from BCCWJ (searching with the stem 「濡れ」\nto capture multiple different inflections):\n\n**に** **で** **比** \n雨に濡れ １３８ ／ 雨で濡れ １２ ＝ １１．５ \n水に濡れ ４８ ／ 水で濡れ ７ ＝ ６．９ \n涙に濡れ ２１ ／ 涙で濡れ ２０ ＝ １．１ \n汗に濡れ ２２ ／ 汗で濡れ ２６ ＝ ０．８\n\nThere definitely seems to be a difference in distribution: some arguments\n(雨、水) highly prefer に, while other arguments are more indifferent between に\nand で (涙, 汗).\n\nI think the fundamental difference that に is more about simply describing what\nsomething is wet with, suggesting a natural, spontaneous, or passive process,\nwhile で suggests an active cause-effect process. (Similar to these two\nanswers: [1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/4558/3097),\n[2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/4561/3097) on [揺れる with に or\nで](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4554/3097).)\n\nThat's not to say you _can't_ use で with 雨; I think the following is just\nfine, for example:\n\n「どうせ雨で濡れるし行かないわ」\n\nIn this case you are emphasizing that you will \"get wet _because of_ the\nrain\", not just that you will get wet in the rain, so the cause-effect nuance\nof で fits. Of course 雨に works fine here too.\n\nDespite the rather tilted BCCWJ hit counts, I think in general both で and に\nare acceptable, but nuance-wise one sometimes fits better than the other.",
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59758
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{
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"body": "I have encountered two words for \"joke\": 冗談{じょうだん} and ジョーク.\n\nWhat is the difference in meaning or usage between the two? I have tried\nGoogling but found nothing particularly helpful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-27T16:48:27.987",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 冗談 and ジョーク?",
"view_count": 288
}
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[
{
"body": "Technically, I don't think there is much of a semantic difference.\n\nHowever, I feel that 冗談 is much more commonly used and I would generally\nsuggest this if you aren't sure which to use. For example it's normal to say\n\"冗談じゃないよ”, but I've never heard \"ジョークじゃないよ\" before (or very rarely).\n\nAs usual with loanwords, I think you'll find the younger generations are using\nmore of them and then older generations using less, so I'd guess ジョーク would be\nmore commonly used by younger people. (Though I don't have stats to back that\nup).\n\nThe only phrase I can think of off hand with ジョーク is ”アメリカンジョーク”, and that is\nfitting because the first part of the phrase is also a loanword (or at least\nwritten in Katakana).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-27T22:15:59.210",
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59759
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59761
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59761
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"body": "Hello I'm a beginner and I'm wondering when to use the right pronunciation of\nは, because sometimes it's pronounced \"ha\" and sometimes \"wa\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T01:45:13.823",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "pronunciation of は",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "は is pronounced as 'ha' when used as part of a word and 'wa' when used as a\nparticle.\n\neg. 今日は早く帰ります。\n\nきょう **は** **は** やく かえります。 kyou **wa** **ha** yaku kaerimasu.\n\n(Rough translation : Today i'll go home early.) はな - hana(flower) はる -\nharu(spring)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T02:13:00.833",
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59764
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{
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"body": "> あなたは ばんごはんを 食べて、なにを しますか。\n\nThis seems to be saying \"what do you do while eating dinner?\" How to reply \"I\njust eat\"? Does it make sense to say nothing?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T03:14:39.967",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"sentence"
],
"title": "Simple response to あなたはばんごはんを食べて、なにをしますか",
"view_count": 325
}
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[
{
"body": "First - yes, please stick to once question per post. But I'll try and briefly\naddress each of your questions.\n\n> あなたは ばんごはんを 食べて、なにを しますか。\n\nA verb in the ~て form is a continuative form. So ばんごはんをたべて ...... does not\nindicate \"while you eat\" in the slightest. It does indicate that you eat, and\nthen do something else.\n\n> どこへ なにを しに行きますか。\n\nBasically means where are you going and what are you doing there. どこへ means\n\"to where\", and 何をしに行きますか means \"what are you doing to go do\". Put those\ntogether...\n\n> あなたは どうして 日本語を べんきょうしていますか\n\nどうして means why. So This whole sentence is \"Why are you studying Japanese\".\n\n> 子どもの時、たいてい どこで あそびましたか。\n\n子どもの時 means \"when you were a child\". And you are right on the rest of the\ntranslation. But when you reply you have to say 公園｛こうえん｝ **で** あそびました。not\n**を** あそびました。\n\nAlso - many of these questions could be figured out with a little bit of\ngoogling/use of a dictionary... so take some time to look up so vocab before\nyou post here. Thanks, and good luck!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T05:33:37.180",
"id": "59766",
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},
{
"body": "> あなたはばんごはんを食べて、なにをしますか。 \n> This seems to be saying \"what do you do while eating dinner?\"\n\nIt seems to be asking \"What do you do after eating dinner?\" ( _lit._ \"You eat\ndinner, and what do you do?\")... though it would be more natural to say it as\n「あなたはばんごはんを｛食べて **から** /食べ **たあと** ｝、なにをしますか？」 or 「あなたはばんごはん **のあと**\n、なにをしますか？」\n\n\"What do you do while eating dinner?\" would be more like 「あなたはばんごはんを食べ **ながら**\n、なにをしますか？」\n\n> How to reply \"I just eat\"?\n\n\"I just eat\" would be like 「食べるだけです。」 but I don't think it answers the\nquestion. You could instead reply with 「[some activity you usually do after\ndinner]+(し)ます。」, as in:\n\n> 「テレビをみます。」 I watch TV. \n> 「ゲームをします。」 I play games. \n> 「ねます。」 I go to bed. \n> 「シャワーをあびて、ねます。」 I take a shower and go to bed.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-04T00:41:38.557",
"id": "59863",
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{
"body": "Actually if you want to say `what do you do while eating dinner?` A correct\nsentence is the following.\n\n> あなたは ばんごはんを 食べて **いるとき** 、なにを しますか。\n\nThen if you want to say `I just eat`,\n\n> 食べるだけです",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-04T01:15:58.190",
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59765
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{
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"body": "> 「昨年来、日傘を使ってる。えぇ、おっさんが恥ずかしくない。皆で日傘をさそう。そうすれば恥ずかしがらずにすむ、 **私が**\n> 」([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180627/k10011498001000.html?utm_int=netnewsup_contents_list-\n> items_001))\n\nAlso, I'm not sure about the meaning of すむ (since it's in kana, I'm not even\nsure which verb it is, I found two verbs with similar meanings that could fit\naccording to the J-E dictionary :済む and 澄む) ...?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-28T08:16:12.913",
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"id": "59768",
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"last_editor_user_id": "25980",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does 私が mean in this context?",
"view_count": 251
}
|
[
{
"body": "が marks the performer of the action (the subject) which is:\n\n> 恥ずかしがらずにすむ : I will (be able to) do it without shame\n\nすむ is 済む:\n\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/120156/meaning/m0u/>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-28T08:42:30.933",
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59768
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59769
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59769
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{
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"body": "An example of where it was found:\n\n> 慌てて口元を塞ぎながら、部屋の中で **モゾリと** 動いていた影に、慌てて蹴りを入れる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T12:13:05.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59771",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-06-28T13:12:28.057",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30439",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"adverbs",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Does anyone knows the meaning of \"モゾリと\"?",
"view_count": 150
}
|
[
{
"body": "「モゾリ」 is a variant of the onomatopoeia 「もぞもぞ/モゾモゾ」, which expresses the\nmovement of a thing/creature **_creeping about_**. The 「と」 helps it sound more\nlike an adverb (even though, technically speaking, onomatopoeias can generally\nfunction adverbially even without a 「と」).\n\n[Even Jisho has\n「もぞもぞ」](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%82%E3%81%9E%E3%82%82%E3%81%9E).\n\n> \"While covering my mouth in haste, I quickly gave a kick to that little\n> shadow that was creeping about the room.\"\n\nI actually answered a similar question here:\n\n[What does どぼり mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/59632/what-\ndoes-%e3%81%a9%e3%81%bc%e3%82%8a-mean)",
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59771
| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59778",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> それって先生が決めて、一緒に行ってくださるんじゃ…。\n\n*From [Japanesetest4you](http://japanesetest4you.com/japanese-language-proficiency-test-jlpt-n3-listening-exercise-6/ \"JT4Y\").\n\n**My understanding:**\n\n 1. **くださる** is the honorific version of **くれる**\n\n 2. **ん** is from **の** , **explanatory**\n\n 3. **じゃ** , contracted **では** , usually in the form of **rhetorical じゃない** , or the slangy **じゃん**\n\n**My problem here:**\n\n 1. Is **ない** left out of the sentence? I think I've only seen **じゃない/じゃん** so far.\n\n 2. **くださる** is **尊敬語** unless I had been hopelessly mistaken for months. However, this **くださるんじゃ** somehow looks, and sounds really casual to me. Is the speaker sneaking in a hint of **砕けた言い方** in the guise of **敬語**? I also feel that by speaking this way, the speaker is hiding a sense of affected ignorance of responsibility, but I may be reading too much into this. \n\n教えていただけませんか。お願いいたします！",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-28T12:22:02.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59772",
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"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"keigo"
],
"title": "くださるんじゃ...: Formal, semi-casual, poor usage, etc.?",
"view_count": 164
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. 「ないんですか？」 or something similar is left out after 「～んじゃ...」\n\nThe full sentence would be like:\n\n> それって先生が決めて、一緒に行ってくださるんじゃ **ないんですか？**\n\nbut it's quite common to cut off sentences like this in daily conversation.\nAnd I think you'd usually sound a bit less decisive/interrogatory and\ntherefore a bit more humble and softer when speaking this way.\n\nExample:\n\n「これって、間違ってるんじゃ **ないですか** ？」→「これって、間違ってるんじゃ・・・」\n\n* * *\n\n 2. You're right that 「くださるんじゃ…」 is a bit more casual than 「くださるのでは…」. 「くださるのでは（ないのですか？ / ありませんか？）」 would sound more formal.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T13:30:23.090",
"id": "59778",
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59772
|
59778
|
59778
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59774",
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"body": "> 部下：すみません、部長。この書類、見ていただけませんか。 \n> 部長： \n> 1. ご覧になってください。 \n> 2. 会議のあとならいいですよ。 \n> 3. すぐに見せましょう。\n\nSource: [Japanesetest4you](http://japanesetest4you.com/japanese-language-\nproficiency-test-jlpt-n3-listening-exercise-5/ \"JT4Y\")\n\nOption 1 means, \"Please have a look,\" using the honorific equivalents of\n**見る** and **くれる**. This does not fit the context.\n\nOption 2 is the given answer, to which I have no objection. However, I feel\nthat option 3 is also a viable choice, because **見せる** means **to show\nsomething**. Saying **見せましょう** seems to me like the **部長** is allowing the\n**部下** to show them the **書類**. I think this can be thus translated into\nEnglish: **Let's have a look right away then!**\n\nIf my understanding of this usage of the volitional form is correct, why is\noption 3 not correct?\n\nどうぞよろしくお願いいたします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T12:43:11.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59773",
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"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Volitional: 見せましょう does not mean \"let's have a look\"?",
"view_count": 352
}
|
[
{
"body": "見せましょう would literally translate to \"Let's show it (to someone else)!\"\n\nSo it's not something that a boss would say to a subordinate who is trying to\nask them to look at something.\n\nPossibly 見ましょう could be said by a boss at this point, though that seems a bit\ntoo relaxed a response, it would translate to \"Let's look (at it) (together).\nHowever, since the subordinate is asking the boss to check something, in\ntheory because his authority is needed, or his input is what is valued, there\nis little reason for him to suggest looking at it together with the\nsubordinate.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-28T12:55:09.243",
"id": "59774",
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{
"body": "～～ましょう (or ～う・よう in casual form) can mean either \"I'll ~~\" or \"Let's ~~\".\n\n＃2 すぐに見 **せ** ましょう would mean either \"I'll show it to you right away\" or\n\"Let's show it to [someone else] right away\", so it cannot be a correct\nresponse.\n\nすぐに見ましょう can mean \"I'll have a look at it right away\", so this could be a\ncorrect response. It can also mean \"Let's look at it (together) right away\"\ndepending on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-28T16:30:07.423",
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59774
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59774
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59780",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> あなたは どうして 日本語を べんきょうしていますか\n\nI would like to say so that I can read go book but I can only say I read go\nbook.\n\n> 碁のほんをよみます。\n\n**EDIT**\n\nPerhaps I can say:\n\n> 日本語を べんきょうしています。碁のほんをよみますから。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T13:42:36.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59779",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-28T14:01:22.117",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-28T13:59:02.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "simple response to question",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[
{
"body": "you could say\n\n\"because I want to read Go books.\" ⮕ 碁のほんをよみたいから。\n\nor\n\n\"because I want to be able to read Go books.\" ⮕ 碁のほんをよめるようになりたいから。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T13:53:27.467",
"id": "59780",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-28T14:01:22.117",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-28T14:01:22.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59779",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59779
|
59780
|
59780
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Suppose I have seen the name of a Japanese person only in romaji because all\ncommunications has been in English so far. When I want to address this person\nin Japanese, is it okay to write their name in hiragana only? Or is it plainly\nwrong? I feel it safer at least than guessing the most common kanji for that\nname.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-28T19:22:25.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59782",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-28T19:22:25.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11834",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Use hiragana for name that I only know in romaji",
"view_count": 46
}
|
[] |
59782
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59788",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I was looking on\n[OKWAVE](https://okwave.jp/searchkeyword?word=%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%AB%8C%E6%82%AA),\nbecause I wanted to know if anyone is asking about xenophobia in Japan.\n\nSo there is a question asking, “外国人嫌悪症について、どう思いますか？” This can be translated as\n“What do you think about xenophobia?”\n\nIn one of the responses to this question, it discusses hatred between\ncountries and how extreme it can get. It brings up the following sentence:\n“ウ○クの方の、中○、韓○嫌いは異常。”\n\nI am pretty sure that ○ is a censorship symbol. I heard that there is pretty\nextreme hatred between Japan and China as well as Japan and both Koreas, but I\ndidn't think it got to the point of partly censoring the names of those\ncountries in Japanese.\n\nI think the sentence says something like, “Their hatred for people of ???,\nChina, and South Korea is unusual.”\n\nDoes anyone have a clue what ウ○ク means?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T00:12:06.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59787",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T00:43:40.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What does ウ○ク mean in ウ○クの方の、中○、韓○嫌いは異常。?",
"view_count": 263
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's 「ウヨク」,「[右翼]{うよく}」 \"the right wing\".\n\n> ウヨクの方の、中国、韓国嫌いは異常。\n\n\"The right wingers' hatred toward China and Korea is unusual/insane.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T00:23:11.367",
"id": "59788",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T00:43:40.197",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-29T00:43:40.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "59787",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
59787
|
59788
|
59788
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say “I like spending lunchtimes with Sarah.”\n\n(Sarah is a fill-in name)\n\nI am absolutely clueless, because I’ve only done Japanese for a semester at\nschool (but I plan on choosing it as a subject next year). Would I use ‘to’\nand where? I know lunch is hirugohan, but I’ve heard a variety of answers?\n\n(Kanji and romaji are both fine.)\n\nSome help would be much appreciated!\n\nArigatou gozaimasu!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T02:18:16.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59789",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T08:50:35.650",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-29T02:23:39.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "30444",
"owner_user_id": "30444",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles",
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What particle to use in this sentence?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're right that you use と for \"with\".\n\n\"[do ~~] with Sarah\" → 「セーラ **と** [～～する]」\n\n\"Lunch\" is [昼]{ひる}ごはん, but for \"lunchtime\" I think you can use 「ランチタイム」,\n「(お)[昼休]{ひるやす}み」 (literally \"lunch break\". The お is a polite prefix), or maybe\n「[昼休憩]{ひるきゅうけい}」.\n\nI think you can say...\n\n> 「セーラと｛ランチタイム/昼休み｝を[過]{す}ごすのが[好]{す}きです。」, \n> 「｛ランチタイム/昼休み｝は、セーラと過ごすのが好きです。」, or \n> 「｛ランチタイム/昼休み｝(に)は、セーラと[一緒]{いっしょ}にいるのが好きです。」\n\netc., depending on the context.\n\nThe の in 過ごす **の** が・いる **の** が is a nominalizer. It turns the verb 過ごす・いる\ninto a noun form so that it can be followed by the particle が. \nThe は in the second and third sentences is a topic particle.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T02:55:34.780",
"id": "59790",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T08:50:35.650",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-29T08:50:35.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "59789",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59789
| null |
59790
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59793",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "これは教科書に書いてある文です。\n\n> 明治時代に入ると、徐々に洋服化が進み、一般にも普及した。\n> **現在では、男性も女性も世界の一流デザイナーのプレタポルテを身に着けることが特別でないほど、すっかり洋服が定着している。**\n> その需要の高さから、ファッションショーの舞台もパリ、ニューヨークから東京へ移りつつあると言われるほどである。\n>\n> ...\n>\n> 現在では、男性も女性も世界の一流デザイナーのプレタポルテを身に着けることが特別 **でないほど** 、すっかり洋服が定着している。\n\nしかし、その「でないほど」の意味がわかりません。\n\nGoogleを利用して「でないほど」を検索したら、結果がたくさん出て来たけど、大半の結果は動詞「でる」の否定形「でない」に関係するので、この質問の「名詞+でないほど、・・・」に説明できません。\n\nStackExchangeにも「でないほど」に関する質問がありますけど、\n\n[Meaning of 持てない in\n充電中は持てないほど暑くなるんだけど](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24073/meaning-\nof-%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-in-%E5%85%85%E9%9B%BB%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AF%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A9%E6%9A%91%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9)\n\nこれは「動詞てないほど」の結果で、Googleの結果と同じのようです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T12:42:08.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59792",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T13:25:06.057",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-29T12:56:39.933",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "usage of でないほど in this sentence",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 現在では、男性も女性も世界の一流デザイナーのプレタポルテを身に着けることが特別 **でないほど** 、すっかり洋服が定着している。\n\nこの文における「特別で **ない** 」は、「特別で **ある** 」の否定形です。従って、動詞「出る」とは無関係の表現になります。\n\n文自体の主節は「すっかり洋服が定着している」です。文の前半ではありません。\n\nでは、 **どの程度**\n日本に「すっかり洋服が定着している」かを説明するためのひとつの具体例として、「男性も女性も世界の一流デザイナーのプレタポルテを身に着けることが特別でない」という事実をあげているのです。（「ほど」は「程度」の同類語です。）\n\n要するに、「A ほど B」という文型は、A という事例をあげることによって、B という状態の程度を表しているのです。ご理解いただけたでしょうか。\n\n例文：\n\n「東京の新大久保では、ここは本当に日本かと疑っても不思議では **ないほど** 、韓国系の住民が増えている。」",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T13:25:06.057",
"id": "59793",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T13:25:06.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59792",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59792
|
59793
|
59793
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found a chart listing the plain, polite, honorific, and humble forms of\nverbs. The chart listed だ →です→でいらっしゃる→でござる with the note “animate only.” I\nknow that だ and です can be used for inanimate references. Is it true that\nでいらっしゃる and でござる can be used only for animate references, or was the chart in\nerror? (I know that だ/です is a copulative and not a true verb.) This question\nis not about いらっしゃる or ござる used independently, but でいらっしゃる and でござる used,\nrespectively, as the honorific and humble forms of です.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T14:48:29.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59794",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T21:29:15.097",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-29T21:29:15.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "27152",
"owner_user_id": "27152",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Use of でいらっしゃる and でござる",
"view_count": 1746
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ござる」is simply a much politer version of ある. The copula です stems from the\noriginal copula である ( **で** ありま **す** → **です** ), which is the verb ある\ncombined with the particle で, so you can say でございます in place of any です,\nwhether the reference is animate or not.\n\n「いらっしゃる」is the respectful (尊敬語) form of 行く, 来る, and いる. Due to the nature of\nthese verbs (especially いる) and the nature of 尊敬語, which is used to show\nrespect to the subject of the sentence, I find it unlikely that いらっしゃる would\never be used with an inanimate reference.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T15:56:05.027",
"id": "59796",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T15:56:05.027",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "59794",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59794
| null |
59796
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 聞いたことない！\n\nI'm still confused about the meaning of こと. But I think it means \"this,\"\n\"that,\" \"about,\" and maybe \"it.\"\n\nSo, this sentence could be translated as: \"I've never heard of this/that/it!\"\n\nBut I'm not very sure ...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T16:13:59.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59797",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T19:03:49.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22787",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of こと in this sentence?",
"view_count": 348
}
|
[
{
"body": "The structure **Past verb + こと + ある/ない** means that you **Ever/Never**\nPerformed a given \"action\".\n\nExamples:\n\n> 日本に行ったこと **ない** 。Nihon ni itta koto nai. - I have **never** been to Japan.\n\nNow a conversation about two people talking about Nattou (Japanese fermented\nbeans)\n\n> Person1 - 納豆を食べたこと **ある** ？Nattou wo tabeta kot aru? - Have you ever eaten\n> Nattou?\n>\n> Person 2 - はい、納豆を食べたこと **ある** よ！Hai, Nattou wo tabeta koto aru yo! - Yes, I\n> have already eaten Nattou!\n\nSo, **聞いたことない** probably means \"I have never heard about that.\"!\n\nIf you want to be a bit literal \"The thing of having heard that does not\nexist\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T16:57:09.040",
"id": "59798",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-29T19:03:49.143",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"parent_id": "59797",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
59797
| null |
59798
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard そうよ存外怖くはないわ in a song, but I don't get the meaning of そうよ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T20:55:15.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59801",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T09:34:41.797",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-29T22:28:34.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30452",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What is the role of そうよ in そうよ存外怖くはないわ?",
"view_count": 236
}
|
[
{
"body": "そうよ just means \"That's right\" or \"Yes\" (or [sometimes\n\"No\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2908/5010) in a negative sentence).\nそう means \"so\" or \"that way\", and よ is a sentence-end particle (sounds feminine\n[because it directly follows a\nnoun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/12987/5010)).\n\nIf this is taken from [this\nsong](https://www5.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/33080.html), this そうよ is simply used\nto emphasize 怖くはない -- \" **No** , I'm not afraid\". (Please always try to\ninclude the link to the original song; it's often difficult to interpret a\nline from a song unless we have the whole context.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T09:22:40.383",
"id": "59809",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T09:34:41.797",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-30T09:34:41.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59801",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59801
| null |
59809
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59804",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "the [goo\ndefinition](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/53485/meaning/m0u/%E6%B0%97%E6%81%A5%E3%81%9A%E3%81%8B%E3%81%97%E3%81%84/)\nof 気恥ずかしい:\n\n> なんとなく恥ずかしい。きまりが悪い。\n\nI don't really understand the difference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-29T22:06:12.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59802",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T19:44:06.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 恥ずかしい and 気恥ずかしい?",
"view_count": 295
}
|
[
{
"body": "「気」 is a **_prefix_** in 「気恥{きは}ずかしい」. It is read 「き」 or 「け」, depending on the\nword it is attached to.\n\nThis prefix adds the meaning of **_\"somewhat\", \"kind of\", \"to an extent\"_** ,\netc. to the verb or adjective that it attaches to. Note that these are what\n「なんとなく」 means at least roughly.\n\nThus, 「 **気** 恥ずかしい」 means \"somewhat embarrassed\", \"a little bit ashamed\",\netc. whereas the plain 「恥ずかしい」 means \"embarrassed\", \"ashamed\", etc.\n\nCommon words using this prefix include:\n\n「気{け}だるい」 = \"somewhat dull\", \"kind of listless\", etc.\n\n「気忙{きぜわ}しい」 = \"somewhat fidgety\"\n\n[デジタル大辞泉 explains it this\nway](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B0%97-49796#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88).\n\n> 動詞・形容詞に付いて、なんとなく、漠然としたなどの意を表す。「気おされる」「気だるい」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T01:22:00.847",
"id": "59804",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T19:44:06.233",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-30T19:44:06.233",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59802",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
59802
|
59804
|
59804
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to say, \"If anyone wants to meet up, please let me know\" as a\ngeneral invitation to a group of my friends.\n\nIs this correct? もし誰か会いたいなら、声をかけてください。\n\nI'm unsure if my usage of 誰か is correct in this situation.\n\nAlthough not necessary, I'd also appreciate it if the invitation sounded\ncasual. Do I have any other options besides just ending the sentence in\n声をかけてね？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T01:05:18.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59803",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T01:57:57.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to extend a general invitation? (if anyone wants to...)",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「もし誰か会いたいなら、声をかけてください。」\n\nWithout being too strict, I already see two \"problems\" here.\n\n1) The 「誰か会いたい」 part is ambiguous. It can be taken to mean either \"wanting to\nmeet someone\" or \"someone wanting to meet me\".\n\n2) The word choice of 「会う」 itself. It would sound somewhat **_heavy_** in the\ncontext of an up-coming meet-up with internet people if you have never met\nthem before in real life. I would recommend a lighter-sounding word choice of\n「オフ会{かい}」 or 「ミートアップ」. Internet Japanese is like another language altogether.\n\nThus, you could say something like:\n\n「ミートアップに参加{さんか}ご希望{きぼう}の方{かた}は（気軽{きがる}に）声{こえ}をかけてください。」\n\nOr more casually,\n\n「ミートアップ参加希望の方、声をかけてね！」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T01:57:57.660",
"id": "59805",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T01:57:57.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59803",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59803
| null |
59805
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59808",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A few years ago, I was doing a study abroad in Japan, and I was able to\nparticipate in a tea ceremony. There was one instructor, our guide/translator,\nand a few of us students. At this point, I had taken a few semesters of\nJapanese, so I could speak alright (I thought).\n\nThe instructor made the tea and taught us how to hold the cup, the proper way\nto drink from it, etc. At the end, she asked for our thoughts, and I decided\nto try responding in Japanese.\n\nI don't remember everything I said exactly, but I do remember wanting to say\nsomething along the lines of \"The tea was bitter, yet delicious.\" I\naccidentally said this as, 「苦手ですが、美味しかったです。」 I remember the instructor gave me\na very surprised look, but our guide quickly realized what I meant and\ncorrected me, noting I meant 苦い, not 苦手.\n\nWhen I realized what I said, I was afraid I had insulted the instructor, but\nI'm not entirely sure what I actually said. How would my comment be\ninterpreted?\n\nDid I say the instructor was bad at preparing the tea? \nDid I say I was bad at drinking the tea properly? \nDid I say I just didn't like tea? \n... Or did I say something else?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T07:10:47.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59807",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-03T15:23:37.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10795",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What did I say was 苦手?",
"view_count": 1132
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「苦手{にがて}ですが、美味{おい}しかったです。」\n\nAs a native Japanese-speaker, the only thing I could imagine that sentence was\ntaken to mean would be:\n\n> \"I don't like matcha (or tea ceremonies) in general, but this one I just had\n> tasted great.\"\n\nIt would be fairly unusual and unnatural for native speakers to take it to\nmean anything else.\n\n「苦手」, used in the context of a food/drink item, could only mean that **you do\nnot like it**. It simply is not your cup of tea. (No pun intended.) It just\ncannot mean \" **bitter** \" regardless of the context. \"Bitter\" is 「苦{にが}い」.\n\nThus, you could have said:\n\n「苦かったですが、おいしかったです。」 or\n\n「苦かったけど、おいしかったです。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T07:28:51.843",
"id": "59808",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-03T15:23:37.237",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-03T15:23:37.237",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "59807",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 21
}
] |
59807
|
59808
|
59808
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59811",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"来てXまった\" What is the X in following image? Whole context\n:[https://www.pixiv.net/member_illust.php?mode=manga&illust_id=69471473](https://www.pixiv.net/member_illust.php?mode=manga&illust_id=69471473)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9sqDs.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T11:59:03.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59810",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T12:49:35.873",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-30T12:49:35.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "27768",
"owner_user_id": "27768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kana"
],
"title": "This is a macron or a kana?",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's the hiragana character し\n\n> 来て **し** まった",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T12:12:06.463",
"id": "59811",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T12:12:06.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "59810",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59810
|
59811
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59811
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "1. この店のお菓子はとても有名です。その理由として、昔ながらの製法で、伝統を守っている **ところ** があげられます。\n\nSeeing this sentence, I am wondering if I can rephrase the second sentence as\n\"その理由は、昔ながらの製法で、伝統を守っているからです\" or \"その理由としてあげられるのは、昔ながらの製法で伝統を守っているところです\".\n\nAlso, I find myself not knowing exactly \"ところ\" means in this context.\nTherefore, I searched some sentence containing the same phrase,\n\n 2. 石見国の魅力のひとつとして、海・山・川の３つの自然がすべて満喫できるところが挙げられる。\n 3. (この複合構造船体)長期に渡る航行中に発生するトラブルに対しても、外科手術的な即応が可能なところがあげられる。\n\nif I replace ところ with という特徴 in the three sentences, it seems that their\nmeanings don't change, so we can interpret this ところ as 特徴. Am I correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T15:36:59.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59812",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T16:18:43.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "the meaning of ところ in this sentence",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ところ means 点, \"point\" in English. You can replace ところ with 点 but I feel 特徴\nis a bit unnatural, though it means the similar thing as 特徴. For example,\nそれが彼のよい所(点)なんだ(That is his good point).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T16:18:43.083",
"id": "59813",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-30T16:18:43.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "59812",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59812
| null |
59813
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59827",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In premodern Japanese, it was traditional for a prestigious or extremely\nhonorable man whose name was read with kun'yomi to have the reading of his\npersonal name changed to on'yomi in certain situations, a process called\n有職読み【ゆうそくよみ】. (Women virtually never had 有職読み, presumably because Heian period\nwomen were not supposed to read kanbun.) Some notable examples of this\ninclude:\n\n * 源 頼光 Minamoto no Yorimitsu (944-1021), who became Minamoto no Raikô\n * 徳川 慶喜 Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1837 - 1913), who became [Tokugawa Keiki](http://no-sword.jp/blog/2010/11/keiki-san.html)\n * 伊藤 博文 Itô Hirobumi (1841 - 1909), who became Itô Hakubun\n * 原 敬 Hara Takashi (1856 - 1921), who became [Hara Kei](http://www.mfca.jp/harakei/)\n\nI have read that 有職読み applies especially after the individual's death.\nHowever,\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%81%B7%E8%AA%AD%E3%81%BF)\ndoesn't bear this out and it also has some odd counterexamples:\n\n * 野沢 那智 Nozawa Nachi (1938 – 2010) was asked whether his personal name's real reading was Yasutomo and said that he wasn't sure.\n * 横溝 正史 Yokomoto Seishi (1902 – 1981) had a kun'yomi on his birth certificate but it was never used.\n\nSo, two questions I'd like to have verified: is there a general rule by which\nthe use of on'yomi is applied, and has it ever applied to people born after\n1945? Is it entirely arbitrary, or was there a rule that was abandoned at some\npoint?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T20:01:07.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59814",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T18:30:21.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "583",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"readings",
"names",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "What was the process by which 有職読み applied to personal names?",
"view_count": 165
}
|
[
{
"body": "As the comments helpfully indicated, what I've written above is actually [an\nacademic myth, based on misreading of a book published in\n1980](http://www.kanken.or.jp/project/data/investigation_incentive_award_2016_miura.pdf).\n\n> 「読み癖」と同義だったはずの「有職読み」は、角田文衛『日本の女性名』が誤読され、そこにウィキペディアが介在したことにより、\n> 「名の字音読み」の意で用いられ始めた。定着から僅か十年程度の幽霊語である。名乗訓みの方が「有職読み」の条件を満たしていること、近代の人名音読は「ゐなかよみ」の性質を多分に有していることなどから、この語を用いるべきではないと考える。\n>\n> 有職読み [meaning something like \"formal reading\"], which should rather be\n> synonymous with \"common parlance\" [i.e. a common reading of a name or word],\n> has started to be used in a way meaning \"on'yomi personal name\" as a result\n> of a misunderstanding of the book _Japanese Women's Names_ by Bun'ei Tsunoda\n> which was imported into Wikipedia. This is a [ghost\n> word](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_word) which has begun to appear in\n> the past 10 years [i.e. as Wikipedia has become more widely cited]. Now,\n> kun'yomi name reading is rather the more \"formal reading\" [because it\n> follows rigid rules], while the pronunciation of personal names in the\n> 1868-1945 period was often a \"rustic reading\" [i.e. based on sight and\n> acquaintance, and freely variant], so we are of the opinion that the term\n> 有職読み should not be used.\n\nAnd to add another note, 有職読み probably became a \"ghost word\" because the way\nit is constructed sounds like it is a formal, theoretical term, whereas in\nfact it was simply a product of Tsunoda's writing style.\n\nTo answer my own question, there have never been formal rules determining\nwhether to read a name through kun'yomi or on'yomi; the two used to be freely\nmixed, while kun'yomi became standard after 1945, until the invention of\nkirakira names which destroyed society forever.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T18:30:21.733",
"id": "59827",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T18:30:21.733",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"score": 2
}
] |
59814
|
59827
|
59827
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Does the particle や come after particles like に or で (as does も in「にも」or「でも」),\nor does it come before them? I can't find any examples of either, be it\nthrough Google; in the Tatoeba database; or otherwise.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-30T21:42:33.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59815",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-02T00:36:40.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30460",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-で",
"particle-や"
],
"title": "Ordering of Particles:「にや」OR「やに」?",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "や in the sense that you are using it, is a linking particle between 2 or more\nnouns, and cannot be left \"hanging\" after a noun or noun phrase, so you would\nnot have to worry about how to connect it to other particles.\n\nIf you want to imply \"etc.\" or \"and others\", \"and so on\" after a single noun\nor noun phrase, then **など** (or などなど) would be more grammatical. Depending on\nthe circumstances, とか might also be acceptable.\n\nYES: 一等親 **や** 友達には \nYES: 一等親 **や** 友達 **など** には \nYES: 一等親 **などなど** (の関係人)には \nNO: 一等親 **や** には",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T01:21:30.100",
"id": "59817",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T01:21:30.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59815",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "You would expect very little possibility to see the coordinative や and the\ncase particle に next to each other.\n\nや factors out the shortest different sections, so you will find [particle]+や\nin a `XやY` composition that _X_ and _Y_ ends in different particles.\n\n> {東京 **や** 仙台] _から_ 来た人 (diff. nouns w/ same particle)\n>\n> 在籍期間が[2012年 _まで_ **や** 2018年 _から_ ]の人 (diff. nouns w/ diff. particles)\n\nThat means the theoretical order would be にや, but in reality, you will be not\nlikely to encounter such a situation, because に is one of central case marker\nin Japanese, and や stricter about syntactic leanness than its kinds* (such as\nか, とか and やら), which means, you need another particle, that is different than\nに but compared to に, to make something like にや appear. That would result in a\nvery terrible type of\n[zeugma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeugma_and_syllepsis), like conjoining\nsubject and object together.\n\n* * *\n\n* cf.\n\n> [じぶんがいじめられたら先生 _に_ **とか** ともだち _に_\n> そうだんする。](http://www.nhk.or.jp/ijimezero/sengen_school/kantou/11_91.html) \n> × 先生 _に_ **や** ともだち _に_ そうだんする。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T00:36:40.650",
"id": "59832",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-02T00:36:40.650",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "59815",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59815
| null |
59817
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59819",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading this\n[article](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011498261000/k10011498261000.html)\nabout Ashimo the robot made by Honda and I don't understand the use of ため in\nthis sentence. I have usually seen ため followed by the particle の or に, but in\nthis case no particle is following it. Why is that? How is ため being used here?\n\nI know ため can mean 'the benefit of' and the の or に give direction of who/what\nis getting the benefit, so I believe something similar is going on here. I'm\nassuming ため is pointing back to the portion about Ashimo, but I'm not sure.\n\n> アシモは２本の足で歩くことができて、高い技術を使っている **ため** 、世界が注目しました\n>\n> Ashimo has the ability to walk using 2 legs and this is due to the use of\n> expensive technology which the world has noticed",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T00:21:23.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59816",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T19:31:06.813",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Confused on use of ため in article about Honda's robot Ashimo",
"view_count": 134
}
|
[
{
"body": "As mentioned in the comments, ため has multiple uses and meanings. For your\nexample sentence refer to the following:\n\n[Weblio:](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81) Definition 3.\n\n[Jisho.org:](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%82%BA) Definition 3.\n\nため in this case is used to describe the reason behind the worldwide notice of\nAsimo. You can think of it as 'due to' in this sentence.\n\nDue to being able to walk on two feet and using a high (level) of technology,\nAsimo is recognized around the world.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T03:41:34.840",
"id": "59819",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T19:31:06.813",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-01T19:31:06.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "59816",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59816
|
59819
|
59819
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why does 「右」 start with vertical stroke and 「石」 starts with horizontal one?\nWhat kanji-writing rule prescribes it?\n\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T05:22:45.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59820",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T11:52:48.180",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-01T11:52:48.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30463",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"stroke-order"
],
"title": "右 and 石 stroke order differences",
"view_count": 1002
}
|
[
{
"body": "In terms of Chinese calligraphy order,\n\n * The order that「」is written depends on the object underneath it. If the component underneath it doesn't exceed the horizontal stroke of「」(e.g. 右、有、布), then write the vertical stroke first; otherwise (e.g. 友、左) write the horizontal stroke first.\n\n * 「石」is a different case; it is a top-down construction, so the top part (the horizontal stroke) goes first.\n\nFor「」, this is due to balance reasons; if the object underneath「」is narrower\nthan the horizontal stroke of「」, then finishing「」with the horizontal stroke\nlast guides the limits of the object underneath it.\n\nI don't know if @istrasci's answer in the other question is something that\nJapanese reference books explain it as, but we do not explain it that way in\nChinese calligraphy. Cases where that explanation doesn't work can be seen in\ncharacters like「尤」and「厷」(which is the left side of「雄」).\n\n## Examples (mined from jisho.org):\n\nBottom component narrower than horizontal stroke of「」\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DQH1F.png)\n\nBottom component wider than horizontal stroke of「」\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jOnJ8.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T07:09:18.690",
"id": "59822",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T08:48:12.807",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-01T08:48:12.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "59820",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
59820
| null |
59822
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between \" _soshite_ \", \" _suruto_ \" and \" _sorede_ \"? \nI am unable to distinguish the used-cases - they all seem to indicate 'If A\nhappens then...'\n\n> jibun no koto o otona da to omoimasu ka? \n> ........, 10 nin chuu 8 nin ga etc etc\n\nWhat would be the appropriate conjunction here?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T06:03:34.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59821",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-26T00:00:50.077",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-25T23:02:38.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "7334",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Different ways to express 'if A happens'",
"view_count": 897
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am certain that a Japanese native will at some point put out a more accurate\nor informative answer than this, but since no one has yet...\n\nそして{soshite}, すると{suruto}, and それで{sorede} are roughly synonymous, meaning\nessentially \"and then\":\n\n**そして** , commonly meaning \" **and/then/and then** \" or a more word-for-word\ntranslation being \" **after that is/was done** \" is commonly put between two\nactions, to show the **order** of \"first this, then that\":\n\n>\n> ケーキ{keeki}を{wo}作って{tsukutte}、そして{soshite}パーティー{paatii}の{no}じゅんび{junbi}を{wo}した{shita}。\n>\n> I baked a cake, **then** prepared for the party.\n\nit can also be used before the last word in a list of two or more nouns or\nnoun phrases to link all of them, grouping them together with the verb or\nadjective that follows:\n\n> この{kono}がっこう{gakkou}は{wa}びじゅつぶ{bijutsu bu}、テニスぶ{tennis\n> bu}、そして{soshite}けんどうぶ{kendo bu}、ぜんぶ{zembu}が{ga}ゆうめい{yuumei}です{desu}。\n>\n> At this school, the art club, tennis club, **and** kendo club are all\n> famous.\n\nすると{suruto}, and それで{sorede} are both words that can mean something a little\nmore \"literary\", such as: \" **thereupon** \" as well as \" **with that/following\nthat/from that** \" **すると** is put between two actions, or at the start of a\nnew sentence, to show that the actions before it and after it are linked,\neither in **order** by time, the same way as そして{soshite}, or even more\nspecifically in the case of **それで** as a **cause/effect** relationship.\n\n>\n> アラジン{Alladin}は{wa}ランプ{lamp}を{o}こすった{kosutta}。すると{suruto}、ジニー{genie}が{ga}とうじょう{toujou}した{shita}。\n>\n> Alladin rubbed the lamp. **Following that** , a genie appeared.\n\nAnother usage, though not one I personally have heard often, is to mean\nsomething along the lines of \" **Well then,** \" or \" **So,** \" ...at the\nbeginning a sentence:\n\n> すると{suruto}、あなた{anata}は{wa}なに{nani}を{o}した{shita}か{ka}？\n>\n> **So,** what did you do **(then)**? \n> **So then** , what did you do? \n> **Well then** , what did you do?\n\nTo my knowledge, **すると** , and **それで** are almost interchangeable, except that\nit seems, (from my experience) that while すると can start a sentence or phrase\nOR be \"attached\" to a verb mid-sentence in its linking function, それで is placed\nat the beginning of a sentence or phrase, and does not \"attach\" to verbs like\nすると:\n\n> あの{ano}こ{ko}と{to}はなし{hanashisuruto} **すると** 、やっと{yatto}わかった{wakatta}。 \n> あの{ano}こ{ko}と{to}はなした{hanashita}。 **すると** 、やっと{suruto yatto}わかった{wakatta}。 \n> あの{ano}こ{ko}と{to}はなした{hanashita}。 **それで** やっと{sorede yatto}わかった{wakatta}。\n>\n> I spoke to (her/that child), **and (then/from that)** I finally understood.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T15:07:38.333",
"id": "59826",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-02T07:35:23.363",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59821",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59821
| null |
59826
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59829",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that 冬ごもり means \"winter solitude\" so it's clear what role 冬 has in\nthat, but what does ごもり come from? I looked up \"solitude\" and \"isolation\" on\njisho but nothing with that pronunciation seemed to come up. Maybe I'm looking\nin the wrong place.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T20:17:30.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59828",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-02T10:31:17.983",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-02T10:31:17.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "30387",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"rendaku"
],
"title": "etymology of 冬ごもり",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is normally a good idea to have a few different dictionaries you can refer\nto. In this case, however, it would be difficult without first removing the 濁点\n(dakuten) and changing こもり to the standard verb form こもる. If you do that and\ntry various readings, 籠る will give you [this\npage](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%B1%A0%E3%82%8B), definition 1 being\npertinent:\n\n```\n\n to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to seclude oneself; to hide away; to stay inside (one's shell)\n \n```\n\nIncidentally, the kanji for 籠る can also be written 篭る, although hiragana is\nmore likely to be used (e.g. 引きこもり).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T20:35:15.203",
"id": "59829",
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"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "59828",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
59828
|
59829
|
59829
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59852",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I knew the general idea of -tachi, as explained e.g. here: [\"Hey Bro!\" how to\ncall out friends](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30002/hey-bro-\nhow-to-call-out-friends/38533#38533)\n\nHowever, in one ラノベ I read the following situation: Assume there is a\nsupervisor Asahi and 2 employees Kimi and Mashi of same \"grade\" sitting at the\nsame table. And Asahi addresses both of them (\"you two\"/\"both of you\") using\n\"Kimi-tachi\".\n\nIsn't such a call-out insulting to Mashi? I mean, the translation would be\n\"Kimi and the other one\", \"Kimi's group\", etc., correct? But since Kimi and\nMashi are of the same social standing, isn't just naming one of them strange?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T22:47:27.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59830",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-25T19:06:50.170",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-25T19:06:50.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30469",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"plurals",
"plural-suffixes"
],
"title": "Addressing a group of people with -tachi (たち) and name of one",
"view_count": 2245
}
|
[
{
"body": "「きみ」 as a personal name and the pronoun 「君{きみ}」 are **_pronounced so\ndifferently_** that at least among us native speakers, there would be no\nconfusion or misunderstanding.\n\n「きみたち{HLLL}」 = \"Kimi and the gang\"\n\n「きみたち{LHLL}」 = \"Y'all\"\n\nMashi will know without thinking which one was said just by the pronunciation.\n\nHope I am not misreading your question.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T23:26:30.593",
"id": "59831",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T23:26:30.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59830",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "Correct me if I’m wrong but I feel that it wouldn’t be offensive because they\nwould use it quite often.It’s literally just the first name that you think of,\nand I don’t think anyone would think to much into it. Though a better reason\nwould be that especially with Japanese people, they prefer to worry about the\ngroup rather than themselves which is why they are always apologising and\nusing phrases like ‘しょうがない’.\n\nI’d guess that they’d choose the name of the older employee, because I’m\npretty sure in Japanese culture the people who serve longer are more important\nwithin a specific rank. Especially the people with more experience. But if\nthey have almost equal experience I’d think it wouldn’t matter.\n\nUnlike us westerners their group mentality is quite strong and don’t care\nabout selfish fame like their boss using their name to refer to the group\nrather than someone else. So they’re probably more likely to think ‘I’m sorry\nour boss used my name instead of yours’. I’m not Japanese ore anything, and\nthis is just my speculation from my knowledge of Japanese culture so take it\nwith a grain of salt.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T21:24:20.370",
"id": "59844",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-02T21:54:44.803",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-02T21:54:44.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "26263",
"owner_user_id": "26263",
"parent_id": "59830",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "You don't usually address people that way unless you indicate one group in\ncontrast to others. Even if you do so when there doesn't seem to be a good\nreason, I don't particularly feel anything.\n\nI'd like you to consider that you couldn't do that to begin with if there was\nsuch connotation for one who doesn't happen to be representative.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T03:31:08.500",
"id": "59852",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-03T03:37:33.377",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-03T03:37:33.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "59830",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59830
|
59852
|
59831
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[Bokusatsu Tenshi Dokuro Chan Season 2 EP1\n5:16](https://youtu.be/b0b6MgNaBMc?t=5m16s)\n\nI think she says something like 読んでこようだ or maybe 呼んでこやった. I'm just a beginner.\nI can't make out exactly what she says.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T05:35:50.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59834",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-23T08:18:41.663",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-23T08:18:41.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30471",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"anime"
],
"title": "What does she say in this video?",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "It sound like you are asking what is said directly after ～と一緒に入る, while she is\nin the process of standing up.\n\nTo me, it sounds like she is saying「呼んでこようっと」, as in 呼んで来る. Which means that\nshe will go to fetch Zakuro-chan.\n\nThere are certain utterances that people say when lifting heavy objects,\nforcing themselves to stand up, etc. (basically grunting). In Japanese these\ncan sometimes take on a highly individualized manner. Some common ones,\nhowever, would be 「よいっしょ」and「よっこらしょっと」. I've also heard 「どっこらしょっと」. In other\nuses, adding っと to the end of a phrase can be a spoken self-motivating tool.\n\nIt seems like while in the process of standing up she is saying 「呼んでこよう」while\nadding the 「っと」in demonstrating the physical exertion utterance or willing\nherself to action.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T06:03:49.847",
"id": "59835",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-02T06:40:25.817",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-02T06:40:25.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "59834",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "She clearly says:\n\n> [呼]{よ}んでこようっと。\n\n呼んでこよう is the volitional form of 呼んでくる (呼んで + subsidiary verb 来る).\n\nFor 「Volitional + っと」, please refer to this thread: [What does volitional form\n+ っと mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27744/9831)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T06:39:52.823",
"id": "59837",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-02T06:39:52.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "59834",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59834
| null |
59837
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59856",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I understand you can say something like\n\n> “彼は強くなるばかり”\n\nTo express this meaning but could you say\n\n> “もっともっと強くなっている“\n\nSorry if this seams like a stupid question I think I just heard it somewhere\nand I need clarification. To add to it are there any other ways to say more\nand more. (And by this I mean the -er and -er construction.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T12:01:22.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59840",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T12:48:36.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26263",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Can もっともっと be used as more and more?",
"view_count": 1031
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes もっともっと works just as you expect in colloquial sentences, but it may sound\na little too \"dramatic\" or even \"childish\" depending on the context. The most\ncommon way of saying _more and more_ is\n[ますます](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/%E7%9B%8A%E3%80%85-masumasu/),\nwhich works both in formal and casual sentences.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T07:10:07.677",
"id": "59854",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-03T08:02:47.753",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-03T08:02:47.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59840",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I need clear context to understand a situation for the first sentence, though\nthese two sentences have different nuance.\n\nYou usually say `なるばかり` like\n\n> 寝ていても彼は強くなるばかり\n\nEven he just sleeps but getting stronger.\n\nSo `なるばかり` has a meaning like \"No matter what you do, it's getting something.\"\n\nThe latter one is like \nYou: That guy got stronger. \nMe: Oh like you? \nYou: NO! He is way stronger than me (`もっともっと強くなってるよ！)`\n\nHope this clears your confusion a bit.\n\n**EDIT** \nI didn't see your question at the end, so yeah, ますます、どんどん、ぐんぐん are similar and\nas @naruto says ますます is more formal.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T07:28:25.523",
"id": "59855",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-03T07:38:38.763",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-03T07:38:38.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "30470",
"owner_user_id": "30470",
"parent_id": "59840",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I had a very hard time interpreting \"もっと強くなっている\" as \"is getting stronger,\" (I\nhad actually written we can't do so) but now it seems I can. \nAs I understand it, \"もっともっと強くなっている\" means \"is getting much much stronger than\nhe was strong before.\" \nSo in a roundabout way it can be describing the same situation as \"getting\nstronger and stronger\" does. 「ますます」or 「どんどん」directly describes the\nintensiveness of increase in strength, on the contrary.\n\nI am deeply sorry for my repeated editing.\n\nEDIT \nI had come up with a comparative clause that is likely incorrect(\"...than he\nwas strong before\"). What I meant was like \"He is getting stronger, which will\nmake him much more stronger than he is now.\" \nAside from that, what troubled me in the first place was when we\nsay「[彼]{かれ}はもっと[強]{つよ}くなっている」we need implicit reference to a strength that we\nare comparing to. That makes it distinct from the sentence \"He is getting\nstronger,\" for which the Japanese equivalent may simply be「彼は強くなっている」or\n「彼はより強くなっている」if you prefer a verbatim translation. \nAnd as I just learned from [広辞苑]{こうじえん}, this use of「より」as an adverb began in\nMeiji Era to translate comparative adjective in Indo-European\nlanguages(「ヨーロッパ語」in 広辞苑) into Japanese.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T13:57:03.867",
"id": "59856",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T12:48:36.183",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30484",
"owner_user_id": "30484",
"parent_id": "59840",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59840
|
59856
|
59854
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59849",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can you help me understand/correct my understanding of the particles from this\nsentence?\n\n> 私はその人を常 **に** 先生 **と** 呼ん **でいた** 。\n\nSo literally this means \"I + that man/person + always + sensei + call\"?\n\n 1. Is it \"I have always called that man Sensei\"?\n 2. What does に serve as in this sentence? \n 3. What does と serve as in this sentence?\n 4. What's でいた?\n\nThanks!!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T12:50:05.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59841",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-03T23:41:20.700",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-03T23:41:20.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"particle-に",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What are the uses of に and と in this sentence?",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think your translation is roughly correct but there appear to have been some\nmisunderstanding of the grammar:\n\n * に is not a particle in this case: it is used for making 常{つね}に an adverb.\n\n * と has several uses as a particle (in addition to being “and”): It can be used when an action is done “with” a person where it would be used like 先生{せんせい}と食{た}べた “I ate _with_ [my] teacher”. It is also used to mark quotes as for ~と言{い}う “I say that...” and ~と思{おも}う “I think that...”. I’m not familiar with this verb but と could also be marking a quote here.\n\n * いた is the plain-past form of いる／います “to exist” (animate) objects. It it used with the て-form of verbs (some verbs use で) for ongoing (present participle) or habitual (regularly occurring) actions. In this case it is a habitual action performed in the past.\n\n> 私{わたし}はその人{その}を常{つね}に先生{せんせい}と呼{よ}んでいた。\n>\n> I used to always call that person “my teacher/mentor” (regularly)\n\n_While there are some good grammatical examples in this sentence, many of\nthese have been covered in previous questions. Please use more specific\ngrammatical questions in the future._",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T00:50:46.773",
"id": "59849",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-03T06:43:50.673",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "59841",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59841
|
59849
|
59849
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59850",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> だからここでもただ先生と書くだけで本名は打ち明けない。\n\nFrom my own comprehension, it literally means ...\n\n> That's why, even here, I only write sensei. His real name is not\n> revealed/confided.\n\nHave I interpreted it correctly?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T13:48:26.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59842",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-03T01:29:55.800",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-02T14:34:30.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "30478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What does だからここでもただ先生と書くだけで本名は打ち明けない mean exactly?",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[
{
"body": "> だからここでもただ先生と書くだけで本名は打ち明けない。 \n> That's why, even here, I only write sensei. His real name is not\n> revealed/confided.\n\nI think you're on the right track.\n\nTo break it down to smaller chunks...\n\nだから -- So, \nここでも -- here too; here (in this book) as well \nただ～だけ -- only; just \n先生と書く -- I write (his name as) sensei; I refer to him as sensei \nで -- the continuative form of the copula だ \n本名は打ち明けない -- I won't reveal his real name\n\nPut together, it would literally be like...\n\n\"So, here (in this book) as well, I will just write his name as sensei / refer\nto him as sensei, and won't reveal his real name.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T01:29:55.800",
"id": "59850",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "59842",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
59842
|
59850
|
59850
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59847",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 対する and 関する？ For the 'relate' meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T18:55:04.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59843",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-02T23:53:45.317",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-02T18:59:21.347",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "対する vs 関する？ For to 'relate' meaning",
"view_count": 709
}
|
[
{
"body": "These two phrase are fundamentally different. I guess you could loosely\ntranslate them both as 'related to' but I will list a few examples that\nhopefully show how different and not interchangeable they are.\n\n**Examples and Differences:**\n\nfirst - the 対 character is often used in words meaning opposition, or contrast\n(一対一、対立）while the 関 character is often used in words meaning relation (関係、関連）\n\n～に対して： Is defined as toward (as in an attitude toward), in contrast to, in\nregard to.\n\n～に関して：Is defined as concerning, with regard to, about, on. Can be used similar\nto について\n\nExample:\n\n> Americans views regarding Russia... (have become harsh, were incorrect etc.)\n>\n> アメリカ人のロシアに対しての考え方が....\n\nvs.\n\n> I wrote a report regarding Russia's goverment\n>\n> 私はロシアの政治に関する論文を書きました。\n\nYou can see in these examples that に対して is used to indicate america's views\n_towards_ Russia, while に関する was used as regarding/about.\n\nAs shown in the examples below, に対して cannot be to indicate a pure \"about\", as\nin \"the class was about space\" or \"the lecture was about his journey\".\n\n> Last week, a meeting was held about Tokyo's tax policy.\n>\n> 先週、東京の税制に関しての集会が行われた。\n\nYou could not use に対して in this sentence.\n\nLastly, に対して can be used to mean \"in contrast\" where 関して has no such meaning.\n\n> In contrast to City A, who's economic situation is very stable, City B's\n> economy is crumbling.\n>\n> A市の経済状態がかなり安定しているのに対して、B市の経済状態は崩れているのだ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T23:53:45.317",
"id": "59847",
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] |
59843
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59847
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59847
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{
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"body": "> 農家によりますと、ことしはスイカが成長する５月中旬から下旬にかけて寒暖の差が激しかったことから数は少なめですが、しまの\n> **入り具合など品質は例年並みだということです。**\n> ([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180703/k10011505521000.html?utm_int=news-\n> social_contents_list-items_004))\n\n1)I'm not sure if しま means \"island\" (because it is written in kana and I don't\nthink this word is generally written in kana but maybe I'm mistaken )\n\n2)I don't find 入り具合 in the dictionary(and jisho.org tells that it can be a\nsuffix but not a prefix so I don't think it is a word that is not supposed to\nbe in the dictionary), I think it means the general conditions (of the\ncultivation) but it doesn't make sense because apparently 品質 is only used for\ntalking about things that are in the 品物 category.\n\n(I consider \"しまの入り具合など\" as a relative clause of 品質, maybe it is wrong)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T22:26:13.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-02T23:07:27.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "25980",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does \"しまの入り具合など品質は例年並みだということです。\" mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「-----が、しまの入{はい}り具合{ぐあい}など品質{ひんしつ}は例年並{れいねんな}みだということです。」\n\n「しま」 means \"stripes\" here -- the black stripes seen on the surface of\nwatermelons. In kanji, it is 「縞」. I will not mention how irrelevant \"island\"\nwould be in the context.\n\n「入り具合」 refers to **the way the stripes have formed** and appear. You must have\nheard about how important appearance is in fruit to the Japanese. Poor\nappearance, low price. Appearance is an important quality in food in Japan.\n\n> I consider \"しまの入り具合など\" as a relative clause of 品質, maybe it is wrong.\n\nNo, it is not a relative clause.\n\n「しまの入り具合など品質は例年並み」＝「しまの入り具合など、品質は例年並み」\n\n「しまの入り具合」 is only an example of the overall qualities （品質） of the watermelons\nthis year. It is saying the qualities are as good as those from recent years.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-02T23:06:16.663",
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59845
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59846
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59846
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59851",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is this \"being able to\" or \"passive\" られる here?\n\n> 僕も楽しみに待っていられるようなものが何かなくちゃ…\n\nI think the part that i struggle the most with, is\n\n> 楽しみに待っていられる\n\nDon't they have the same meaning? \"looking forward to\"?\n\nI understand so far : \"I, also, to be able to look forward i have to have\nsomething to do to look forward\" ??\n\nwith \"何かなくちゃ\" meaning : \" to have something i have to do\"?\n\nBut i'm afraid i'm making a mistake here, is he trying to say that he \"Need\nsomething to look forward to\" ? but by \"doing something\"?\n\nThanks in advance !",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T00:49:04.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59848",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29927",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Question about this sentence , -られる and なくちゃ",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「僕{ぼく}も楽{たの}しみに待{ま}っていられるようなものが何{なに}かなくちゃ…」\n\nIn this context, 「待っていられる」 is the potential form of 「待っている」, so it means \" **\n_to be able to wait_** \".\n\nIt is **not** the passive voice form here even though that form is also\n「待っていられる」.\n\n> with \"何かなくちゃ\" meaning : \" to have something i have to do\"?\n\nNope. I think you are thinking of 「何か **し** なくちゃ」.\n\n「何かなくちゃ…」 in this sentence means along the lines:\n\n「何かなくちゃ **おもしろくない** 」、「何かなくちゃ **つまらない** 」, etc.\n\nIn other words, a word or two (that essentially mean \" ** _no good_** \") are\nleft unsaid at the end. **_The ellipsis is the hint_**.\n\nThus, the sentence would mean:\n\n> \"It would be no fun/no good/boring if I didn't have something I could be\n> looking forward to.\"\n\n↓\n\n> \"I've got to have something I can be looking forward to doing/having, etc.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T01:44:33.617",
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59848
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59851
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59851
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"body": "I recently tried machine translated the following:\n\n> **This** is amazing. This **is** amazing.\n\nAnd was surprised when the result was:\n\n> **これ** は素晴らしいです。これ **は** 素晴らしいです。\n\nI kind of expected the second example to come out as\n\n> これは素晴らしい **です** 。\n\nSince \"is\" and \"です\" serve the same function in the sentence. Similarly I would\nexpect,\n\n> This **was** amazing.\n\nto become\n\n> これは素晴らしい **でした** 。\n\nIs there any kind of general consensus on whether formatting like bold should\nfollow the topic marker or the copula in this case?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T23:16:14.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59861",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-04T03:42:29.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"copula"
],
"title": "Should emphasis follow the copula or move to the topic marker?",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's not that simple. Machine translation often makes mistakes, and it's\nparticularly bad at grasping the subtle nuances expressed by emphasis.\n\n* * *\n\n> **This** is amazing.\n\nThis English sentence usually implies \"This is the one that is amazing,\nnothing else.\", right? In Japanese, you usually use [exhaustive-listing\nが](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/51/5010) to express this nuance, and\nthat's the equivalent of this \"emphasized _this_ \". If you want to emphasize\nthe sentence rally strongly, you can actually pronounce が with a stress, but\nthat's not necessary.\n\n> これ **が** 素晴らしいです。\n\n* * *\n\n> This **is** amazing.\n\nThis English sentence usually implies \"(Despite your statement) This one is\nactually amazing, not bad.\", right? Unfortunately, in Japanese, this is not\nsomething that is easily expressed by simple stressing. To convey the same\nnuance in Japanese, you have to do something else, like using an ordinary\nadverb, choosing a suitable sentence-end particle, or use explanatory-の.\n\n> これは本当に素晴らしいのです。／いや凄いんだって！\n\nLikewise, it's often difficult to directly translate English sentences with\nemphasis such as \"I **do** like him\", \"I **was** there\", \"He **did** kill\nher\", etc.\n\n* * *\n\nStressing です is actually something I sometimes hear from children or childish\ncharacters in fiction, but I don't remember when I spoke like this last time.\n\n> 素晴らしい **でーすー** ！",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-04T03:42:29.960",
"id": "59866",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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] |
59861
| null |
59866
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59868",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[西友 CM 盛ってます編](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xOLWkWOrlI)\n\n```\n\n 懐中電灯盛り。 The flashlight style.\n 角ハンガー盛り。 The corner hanger style.\n 延長コード盛り。 The extension cord style.\n ジャポニカ学習帳盛り。 The Japonica study book style.\n サンダル盛り。 The sandal style.\n 折りたたみ自転車盛り。 The folding bike style.\n だけどお値段はもっていません。？？\n 暮らしのものは安く。西友。 Items for living are cheaper. Seiyu.\n \n```\n\nI'm trying to understand the following phrase at the 10 second mark of this\ncommercial.\n\nだけど...something...はもっていません\n\nIt sounds like だけどお値段はもっていません。＝ However, we don't have prices??\n\nThis doesn't make much sense, though.\n\nWhat is the original phrase and what does it mean? Also, is it correct to\ntranslate 盛り as \"style\" in this context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-04T04:55:32.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59867",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-04T09:34:33.920",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-04T06:46:28.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "7478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"slang",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "understanding what sounds like 「だけどお値段はもっていません。」",
"view_count": 128
}
|
[
{
"body": "It says だけどお値段は盛ってません. 持つ is not relevant, and there is also a difference in\naccent (盛ってる【LLHH】 vs 持ってる【HHLL】).\n\n[盛る has various meanings](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%9B%9B%E3%82%8B), but\nthe following is relevant in this ad:\n\n * to top with; to place something as a topping\n * to exaggerate; to blow up; to aggressively decorate (hairstyle, selfie, etc)\n\nThe latter is a relatively new slang usage. See [this\narticle](https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/fukayomi/ichiran/20160921-OYT8T50141.html)\nfor details. [話を盛る (or simply\n盛る)](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E8%A9%B1%E3%82%92%E7%9B%9B%E3%82%8B)\nis a particularly useful slangy expression.\n\nSo 懐中電灯盛り and so on means \"topped with ～\" (their hairstyle is called\n[盛り髪](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%9B%E3%82%8A%E9%AB%AA), so there is\nanother wordplay here). だけどお値段は盛っていません means something like \"But the prices\naren't blown up\". Note that 値段を盛る itself is not really a common set phrase,\nalthough everyone can understand it as a humorous expression.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-04T06:02:23.023",
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59867
|
59868
|
59868
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{
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"body": "> **この野菜{やさい}はきれいな赤い色をしているので、料理{りょうり}によく使います。**\n\nwhy using に in this phrase\n\n> 料理 **に** よく使います",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-04T07:35:10.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59870",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-04T09:53:30.090",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-04T09:53:30.090",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30425",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Why is に used in 料理によく使います?",
"view_count": 170
}
|
[
{
"body": "に has many functions, but in this case it marks a purpose of the verb, like\nEnglish \"for\". 料理に使う means \"use (it) for cooking\".\n\nRelated:\n\n * [に行く grammar with 行く replaced by other verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52693/5010)\n * [When are へ and に used together?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5125/5010)\n * [Is it true that only movement verbs can take [V-stem]に to express a purpose?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2957/5010)\n * [Can a noun with adverbial particle に be used to express \"going somewhere with a purpose\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/47635/5010)\n * [When does a suru-noun require し in front of a purposive-に?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5134/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-04T07:54:00.337",
"id": "59871",
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59870
| null |
59871
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Just wondering how you would say \"I wish I could say \"I miss you\"\"? I was\nthinking it would be something along the lines of 「恋しい」語るできたらいいのに although I'm\nnot sure. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-04T09:29:45.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59872",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-04T09:29:45.120",
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"owner_user_id": "27452",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice",
"word-order"
],
"title": "\"I wish I could say…\"",
"view_count": 733
}
|
[] |
59872
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59876",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to learn the ropes of Japanese language with some online guides,\nand sometimes I try to anticipate the sentences using what I learn, just to\nfind out that the guide uses a different form. Now I'm aware that a thing can\nbe said in different ways, but let's go to the problem.\n\nThe guide was explaining the sentence \"Send letter to Japan\", now using what I\nlearned so far I started composing the sentence from the destination, which is\nJapan (日本) and being it a location target I used the へ particle to connect it\nwith the letter object (手紙). Now I have a letter to Japan, which is the object\nof my sentence, so I connect it with the を particle and finally the action to\nsend it (送る).\n\nGoogle Translate agrees with me that 日本へ手紙を送る is \"Send a letter to Japan\", but\nthe guide uses 手紙を日本へ送る, which is clearly also correct.\n\nNow to the question: are both these way of saying \"Send a letter to Japan\"\ncorrect or is there a preferable one?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-04T09:32:51.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59873",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-16T15:22:41.133",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-04T09:59:14.437",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18387",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"word-order"
],
"title": "日本へ手紙を送る vs 手紙を日本へ送る",
"view_count": 407
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 1. 「日本{にほん} **へ** 手紙{てがみ} **を** 送{おく}る」\n>\n\n> 2. 「手紙 **を** 日本 **へ** 送る」\n>\n\nBoth are correct and grammatical. As far as pure grammar, neither one is any\n\"better\" than the other.\n\nJapanese grammar is indeed more flexible than it seems to be taught outside of\nJapan (particularly at the beginning level). As long as the correct particles\nare attached to the right words, the word order can be switched around fairly\nrandomly if it is for the grammaticality (if not for the subtle nuance and/or\nemphasis).\n\nWhile both phrases are \"correct\", there would be a difference in the actual\nfrequency in which native speakers would utter/write the two phrases. **You\nwould see/hear #1 more often than #2**.\n\nThat is because in phrase #1, the direct object 「手紙（を）」 is followed directly\nby the verb 「送る」 with nothing in between. #2 has 「日本へ」 in between. This makes\n#1 sound slightly more intuitive or \"neutral\" if you will.\n\nFor this reason, 2) 「手紙を日本へ送る」 could sound as if the speaker/writer were\nplacing an amount of emphasis on the 「手紙を」 purposely. An example of that\npurpose would be to imply that it is a letter and not something else that s/he\nis wanting to send.\n\nThus, unless one has a reason to use #2, #1 would be the more useful\nstructure. Once again, as far as grammar, both are \"equally\" correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-04T13:16:17.437",
"id": "59876",
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"score": 18
}
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59873
|
59876
|
59876
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I don't know Japanese, however the word \"Horaisan\" is of deep interest to me.\n\nI've learned that it comes from Horai, the mythical mountain which is similar\nto the Garden of Eden myth in Japanese mythology. Horaisan is used to refer to\nthe part of a garden which is inaccessible but visible.\n\nIs there any deeper etymology for the naming of Horai? Does it come from\nanything? Like \"distant\" or \"bounding\" or \"inaccessible\" or so?\n\nThe Japanese original rendering is: 蓬莱 (Hōrai ほうらい)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-04T11:09:07.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59875",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T11:01:26.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30498",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the etymology of Horaisan?",
"view_count": 497
}
|
[
{
"body": "「[蓬萊]{Hōrai}」is actually the wholesale assignment of the name of a Chinese\nmythological location to a superficially similar but quite distinct Japanese\nlegend. It may otherwise be called「蓬萊山」( _lit. Mount Hōrai_ ) or abbreviated\nas「蓬山」; this name is due to the Chinese legendary location being a mountain\nhosting the [_Eight\nImmortals_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Immortals).\n\nSome of its earliest appearances in Japanese literature include [_Nihon\nShoki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon_Shoki) and the lost work\n『[丹後國風土記]{Tango no kuni fudoki}』, a\n[_Fudoki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fudoki) on [Tango\nProvince](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_Province) written during the\n[Nara Period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_period). Quote from the\nopening text of _Tango no kuni fudoki_ :\n\n> 與謝郡。\n>\n> 日置里。\n>\n>\n> 此里有筒川村。此人夫，日下部首等先祖，名云筒川嶼子。為人，姿容秀美，風流無{{ko:類}}。斯，所謂水江浦嶼子者也。是，舊宰伊預部馬養連，所記無相乖。故，略陳所由之旨。\n>\n>\n> 長谷朝倉宮御宇雄略天皇御世，嶼子獨乘小船，汎出{{ko:海}}中為釣。經三日三夜，不得一魚，乃得五色龜。心思奇異，置于船中即寐，忽為婦人。其容美麗，更不可比。\n>\n>\n> 嶼子問曰：「人宅遙遠，{{ko:海}}庭人乏，詎人忽來？」女娘微咲對曰：「風流之士，獨汎蒼{{ko:海}}。不勝近談，就風雲來。」嶼子復問曰：「風雲何處來？」女娘答曰：「天上仙家之人也。請君勿疑。垂相談之愛。」爰嶼子知神女，鎮懼疑心。女娘語曰：「賤妾之意，共天地畢，俱日月極。但君奈何，早先許不之意。」嶼子答曰：「更無所言，何懈乎？」女娘曰：「君宜迴棹，赴于\n> **蓬山** 。」嶼子從往。\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> (My own translation given below.)\n>\n> [_Yosa District_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosa_District,_Kyoto).\n>\n> _Township of Hioki_.\n>\n> There was a village named _Tsutsukawa_. A man named _Tsutsukawa no Shimako_\n> lived here, who was the ancestor of the chiefs of the _Kusakabe Clan_. He\n> was peerless in his grace and elegance. Thus, he was known as _Mizunoe no\n> Urashimako_. The contents of this record are the same given as that by the\n> [official](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokushi_\\(official\\)) _Iyobe no\n> Umakai_ , and it is declared that this is a summary.\n>\n> During the _Reign of[Emperor\n> Yūryaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%ABryaku)_, one day\n> _Shimako_ boarded a small boat alone and drifted out to sea to do some\n> fishing. After three days and three nights passed, he did not catch one\n> fish, but finally caught a five-coloured turtle. He thought this was very\n> peculiar, and took the turtle in his boat and went to go to bed, when\n> suddenly it turned into a woman, whose beauty was second to none.\n>\n> _Shimako_ asked the woman in surprise: \"This place is far from the homes of\n> people, and there is no-one out on the sea. How did you suddenly appear?\"\n> The young lady smiled, replying: \"A graceful and elegant man, drifting alone\n> out in the blue sea. I could not see this and resist approaching and talking\n> to you, and rode the wind and clouds to come.\" _Shimako_ replied, asking: \"\n> Where did the wind and clouds come from?\" The lady replied: \"From the\n> immortal people in heaven. Please don't be suspicious. Let's talk and love\n> together.\" After _Shimako_ found out that the lady was a goddess, his\n> suspicions were gone. The lady spoke: \"I want to pledge myself to you, from\n> heaven to earth, until the end of time. What are your thoughts about this?\"\n> _Shimako_ replied: \"I have nothing to add; do you have any reservations?\"\n> The lady replied: \"Turn the boat around, and let us journey to **蓬山**.\"\n> _Shimako_ complied.\n\nBy most interpretations,「蓬山」is supposed to be read as「[常世の國]{Tokoyo no Kuni}」,\nwhich is a realm in Traditional Japanese mythology of everlasting life\nsomewhere out in the distant sea. In the majority of records to do with\nspecifically _Japanese_ mythology, the name or characters「蓬山」(and\nsimilarly「蓬萊」,「蓬萊山」) are\n**[borrowed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji#Special_readings)** for this\npurpose due to their superficially similar idea to the Chinese _Penglai_ , but\nthere isn't an actual mythological connection between _Penglai_ and _Hōrai_.\n\n* * *\n\nThe superficial connection can be seen if one reads the texts behind Chinese\n_Penglai_. Quote from the [Classic of Mountains and\nSeas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_of_Mountains_and_Seas), a\nmythological geography account of\npre-[Qin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_dynasty) China:\n\n> 蓬萊山在{{ko:海}}中郭曰上有仙人宮室皆以金玉爲之鳥獸盡白望之如雲在渤{{ko:海}}中也\n>\n> _Mount Penglai_ , in the middle of the sea _[Guo\n> Pu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Pu) notes: \"On the mountain resides\n> [Immortals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian_\\(Taoism\\)) and their palaces\n> are made of gold and jade. The birds and beasts there are completely white.\n> To stare at the mountain is like gazing at clouds. It is located in the\n> middle of the [Bohai Sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Sea).\"_\n\nLinguistically, there is a striking similarity between 「蓬萊」([Old\nChinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese): /*boːŋ rɯː/) and several\nwords for _sea/ocean_ in some Southeast Asian languages\n([Burmese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_language) and\n[Jingpho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingpho_language): _panglai_ ,\n[Shan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shan_language): _paaŋ2 laaj2_ ).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T10:47:32.607",
"id": "59880",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T11:01:26.063",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "59875",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59875
| null |
59880
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59878",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As the writer described the meaning of 猫の額ほど and how to use it, the following\nsentence came after it.\n\n猫にも額の広い猫と狭い猫がいると思うので、日本語の分かる猫に聞かれたら、「失礼じゃないですか?!」と怒られてしまいそうです。\n\nMy friend told me that this phrase means something like, \"If you say 猫の額 when\nthe owner of the house understands that saying and heard you, you'll be\nconsidered impolite (so becareful).\".\n\nMake sense, since cat can't understand Japanese. But then I wonder why it\nisn't 猫が分かる人に instead. Maybe cats here are a metaphor or representation of\npeople, which would support my friend's claim.\n\nIt could also mean that using the saying in front of a cat is rude since not\nall cats have 狭い額, but... It's a cat, who cares? Unless the writer is trying\nto emphasize something.\n\nEither way, I want to know how and why.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T03:30:03.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59877",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T06:33:30.867",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-05T04:50:44.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "15891",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"metaphor"
],
"title": "「猫の額」, the purpose of 日本語の分かる猫",
"view_count": 249
}
|
[
{
"body": "(Prerequisites:\n[猫の額](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%8C%AB%E3%81%AE%E9%A1%8D%E3%81%AE%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AA)\n\"a cat's forehead\" is an established metaphor that describes how tiny a place\nis.)\n\nI think your friend simply failed to explain this sentence properly. The\nsentence is clearly talking about 日本語の分かる猫, or an imaginary Japanese-speaking\ncat.\n\n> 猫にも額の広い猫と狭い猫がいると思うので、日本語の分かる猫に聞かれたら、「失礼じゃないですか?!」と怒られてしまいそうです。\n\nRead this like so (not a translation but an interpretation):\n\n> The forehead of a cat is not necessarily small, and there are cats with a\n> large forehead, too. So 猫の額 might not be a good metaphor. If an (imaginary)\n> Japanese-speaking cat heard the idiom 猫の額, it might be upset and say \"Meow,\n> isn't it rude to use our foreheads to describe a small room?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T06:26:45.503",
"id": "59878",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T06:33:30.867",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-05T06:33:30.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 4
}
] |
59877
|
59878
|
59878
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that both かと思うか and 途端に mean \"as soon as something happen another\nthing happens as well\". I see that their usage is different, especially when\nかと思うか is used with emotive verbs, however I still feel that I don't understand\nthe difference. Maybe,it might be that I didn't fully understand かと思うか. Can\nsomebody help me out?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T15:30:29.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59882",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T13:56:35.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between かと思うか and 途端に?",
"view_count": 423
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think 「かと思うか」is not an established phrase, but 「思う」is often used with\n[「が[早]{はや}いか」or「や[否]{いな}や」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4916/%E3%81%8C%E6%97%A9%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B-versus-%E3%82%84%E5%90%A6%E3%82%84?rq=1)\n. \n「...[思]{おも}うが[早]{はや}いか」 (meaning as soon as I thought something) indicates\nvirtually the same thing as 「思った[途端]{とたん}に」. So it might\nbe「[思]{おも}うが[早]{はや}いか」that you had in mind. The example sentence in your\ncomment: \n[最近]{さいきん}は[肌寒]{はだざむ}くなったかと[思]{おも}うと[翌日]{よくじつ}には[暖]{あたた}かくなったりする。 \nis about another topic. The particle 「と」 in 「思うと」 is a conjunctive particle\nand is working like \"whenever\" in English. \nThe 「と」 indicates one thing always follow the other thing ,and this sequence\nof events occurs repeatedly. It is combining with other words to suggest a\nsense of immediacy but not exactly working like \"as soon as\" by itself.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-06T12:48:40.313",
"id": "59910",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T13:56:35.147",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T13:56:35.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "30484",
"owner_user_id": "30484",
"parent_id": "59882",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59882
| null |
59910
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example, if an American travels to Japan, would they ask for \"kohi\" in a\n\"koppu\", maybe a \"foku\" for their \"supagetti\", or would they use \"coffee\",\n\"fork\", etc.? Which would be more socially acceptable and easy to understand?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T18:24:37.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59883",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T18:34:35.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30514",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Should you say English loanwords in the Japanese pronunciation?",
"view_count": 961
}
|
[
{
"body": "Unless you are speaking with someone who you know to be bilingual (and likely\neven in that case), you should pronounce any loanwords with their katakana\n(Japanese) pronunciation if it is during the regular flow of a conversation in\nJapanese.\n\nOtherwise, you risk not being understood or sounding affected.\n\nImagine if during a conversation in American English, I said Mehico (sic)\ninstead of Meksico (also sic). It is kind of the same thing, but more so.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T18:34:35.343",
"id": "59884",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T18:34:35.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "59883",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59883
| null |
59884
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59891",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In this\n[article](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011498691000/k10011498691000.html)\nthe title ends with the verb in the Te-Form. Why is this or what is intended\nhere? I don't think I have seen a sentence end with the Te-form before\n\n> エアコンや扇風機を使う季節 火事に気を **つけて**\n>\n> My Translation: Its the time of year to use air conditioning and electric\n> fans. Be careful of fires.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T20:23:41.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59885",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T21:55:11.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Article title ends in te form",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "[**気を付けて**](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%B0%97%E3%82%92%E4%BB%98%E3%81%91%E3%81%A6)\nis a phrase that is so commonly used, that it rarely used in anything but the\n-て form of the verb. (It has listings in jisho.org and my pocket dictionary.)\n\nI understand this to be more of a public service announcement than as an\narticle title (though it does function as both). The feel is more of that of a\nfriendly reminder, especially because they are talking about statistics for a\nportion of the article.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T21:52:24.370",
"id": "59890",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T21:52:24.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "59885",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Your translation is spot on.\n\nThere is absolutely no problem ending a sentence with a verb in the te-form.\nIt is done quite commonly. This is, of course, more direct than adding ください or\nね to the ending, so in conversation it has the possibility of sounding pushy,\nbut not necessarily in a broadcast, etc.. If you are addressing someone in a\nhigher social position who you should show deference and politeness to, this\ntype of directness should probably be avoided.\n\n> Polite and friendly--------------------Polite-------------------------\n> Friendly----------------Direct\n>\n> 気をつけてくださいね ⇒ 気をつけてください ⇒ 気をつけてね ⇒ 気をつけて",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T21:55:11.653",
"id": "59891",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T21:55:11.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "59885",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59885
|
59891
|
59890
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59888",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How to differentiate between 'a' and 'the'.\n\n> 私は魚を食べた\n\nDoes the above specify the exact fish that I ate or a general fish. Either\nways how would you say ...\n\n> 1. ate a fish\n> 2. ate the fish.\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T21:14:23.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59887",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T13:42:49.227",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T04:40:49.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "30062",
"owner_user_id": "30062",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to differentiate between 'a' and 'the'",
"view_count": 2409
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese will not distinguish nouns like English does. `A` and `The` are both\nEnglish particles that _do not exist in Japanese_. If you are looking for a\nlinear translation, you won't find it.\n\nIn both cases, I would translate it as:\n\n> 私は魚を食べた。\n\nIf I were to talk about a specific fish, then I would add more information to\nlet the listener know what fish I ate. For example:\n\n> 冷蔵庫にある魚を食べた。 \n> I ate the fish that was in the fridge.\n>\n> その魚を食べた。 \n> I ate that fish.\n\nAs you study more Japanese, you will realize that particles in English and\nJapanese rarely line up, as is the case with the two you are asking about in\nthis question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T21:28:07.817",
"id": "59888",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-06T13:42:49.227",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-06T13:42:49.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "59887",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "> 私は魚を食べた。\n\nmeans both \"I ate **the** fish\" and \"I ate **a** fish\".\n\nThe two meanings are distinguished by the context of the conversation. If\nsomeone came up to you and said (in English) \"I ate the fish\", you'd think\n\"Uh! What fish? What are you talking about?\" The only time this sentence would\nmake any sense is if you'd already established the context e.g. you were\ndiscussing what you chose from a menu, or someone asked you why the fridge\nlooks empty etc.\n\nJapanese is a highly context dependent language. Sentences such as the above\ncannot be translated accurately on their own. The more you study, the more\nyou'll come to understand this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T21:35:59.283",
"id": "59889",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T21:35:59.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "59887",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "Japanese does this very differently than English does.\n\nEnglish marks a distinction between _definite_ nouns (with 'the') and\n_indefinite_ nouns (with 'a'). 'Definite' means several things, but primarily,\nit means that the hearer should be able to identify the noun without further\nexplanation. Sometimes, it's because there's not more than one choice - 'the\nEiffel Tower' is identifiable with no context at all, because there's only one\nof it. More often, it's because the noun in question has been mentioned\nbefore. If you say 'A man was walking along a street. The man was tall.', it's\nclear which man is tall - the one you already were talking about.\n\nWhat's relevant for this discussion is the concept of 'the one you already\nwere talking about', specifically in contrast to what you're now saying about\nit. This is called the _topic_. English uses definiteness alongside several\nother strategies for marking things as the topic (including making them the\nsubject); it doesn't have a mechanism for directly marking the topic as topic.\n\nJapanese does - it's は. は marks topics directly, and thus, it's used to mark\nwhat you're saying something about. In your above example, you're saying\nsomething about yourself - '(I am in this situation and) I ate the/a/Ø fish'.\nTypically, if you want to say something about a topic, the topic will have\nalready been introduced somehow, or will be obvious from context (in this\ncase, clearly, you are accessible because you're present and having this\nconversation). Nonetheless, it's not the same thing as definiteness, even if\nat times it lines up.\n\nIf you want to make the fish definite, you can try making it the topic - you\nmark it with は, and you get 魚は私が食べた. This is a bit different from what you're\ngoing for, though, because in Japanese, making the subject _not_ the topic\ntypically makes it a focus. 魚は私が食べた sounds like ' _I_ ate the fish (and not\nsomeone else)'. There's no way to make an object a topic without some other\nunintended side effects. The object here isn't really specified for anything\nlike English definiteness, and thus, if you want to figure out whether it\nwould be definite or not if it was translated to English, you have to use\ncontext.\n\nAs you can see, Japanese and English really don't line up. You can't\ndifferentiate between 'a' and 'the' because the distinction Japanese makes is\nrather different. Japanese cares about 'topic' and 'focus'. At times, English\nuses definiteness to signal topicality, and at times, Japanese uses topicality\nto signal something like definiteness. Nonetheless, these distinctions aren't\nparallel to each other, and you can't rely on English translations to\nunderstand how Japanese does this.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-05T22:08:57.117",
"id": "59892",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-05T23:37:18.497",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-05T23:37:18.497",
"last_editor_user_id": "3639",
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "59887",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
59887
|
59888
|
59888
|
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