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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**question:** Is there a difference in feeling for the words? Like すぎる feels\nmore negative with an emphasis on disagreement with the action taken, while\nまくる is more about the amount?\n\n**Examples I came across:**\n\n> 食べすぎる \n> 食べまくる \n> \n> ゲームをやりすぎる \n> ゲームをやりまくる\n\nBoth pairs can be translated as ‘eating too much’ and ‘binge-playing games’\nrespectively (in my understanding).\n\n**Steps taken already:** \nI tried looking it up on jisho.org , but all I got was:\n\n> まくる: (2) to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to do with reckless\n> abandon\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> すぎる: to be too much, to be excessive\n\nI also looked it up in my monolingual dictionary app and got this:\n\n> まくる:〔動詞のあとについて〕︿しきりに＼さかんに﹀する。「書き—」\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> すぎる:〔動詞・形容詞のあとについて〕 \n> ①度をこす。「言い—・長—・しずか—・常識が無さ—・知らな—」 \n> ②〔俗〕〔ほめて〕ひじょうに…だ。「かっこよ—・すご—・美人—」 \n> ▽〔形容詞「ない」に続くときは語幹に「さ」をつける。「関心が なさ—」〕\n\nThese definitions seem different enough to not warrant much confusion. But\nI’ve seen まくる used as ‘too much’ also.\n\n**\n\n## sources:\n\n** [the jisho entry on\nまくる](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B) \n[the jisho-entry on すぎる](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%82%8B) \n[the monolingual dictionary I used\n(iOS)](https://itunes.apple.com/jp/app/%E4%B8%89%E7%9C%81%E5%A0%82%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%89%88-%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA/id821306606?l=en&mt=8)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T06:37:29.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59075",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T11:05:33.730",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-30T11:05:33.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "30008",
"owner_user_id": "29797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "「〜すぎる」と「〜まくる」はどう違いますか。",
"view_count": 221
}
|
[
{
"body": "-すぎる is always negative. It means doing something _overly_ or _too much_. Note that -すぎる does not necessarily mean the amount itself is large. For example, taking 2 pills a day can be 薬の飲みすぎ.\n\n-まくる by itself is \"(very) much\", not \"too much\". It's a neutral expression that can be used both in negative and positive contexts.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T07:21:33.773",
"id": "59076",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T07:21:33.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59075
| null |
59076
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[context are from here, it's a comic\nsample](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vssHr.png)\n\n> 相棒を **ああして** 亡くしたショックで退職した **もんね** …かわいそうに\n\nI would like to ask\n\n 1. The meaning of ああして\n 2. Can we tell the subject/the one who killed 相棒 from \"相棒をああして亡くした\"?\n 3. The meaning of もんね\n\nI could figure 1. 2. despite my effort of searching, but in the case of 3. I\ndoubt もんね is equivalent to ものね, since one of the entry in my dictionary says,\n\n> もの：(｢ものね｣｢ものな｣などの形で)理由を表す。｢ね｣｢な｣などによって、軽い詠嘆の意が加わる。例、｢よくおわかりでしょう。前に行ったことがあります\n> **ものね** ｣\n\nI noticed that ものね is succsessive to the reason in the dictionary example.\n(前に行ったことがある is the reason and よくわかります is the result/conclusion.) Apply this\nlogic to the sentence in my question, we can conclude that 相棒を亡くしたショック is the\nreason, and that the result should be \"彼は退職前より随分元気がない\", cannot we？\n\nIt is also much appreciated if someone provide how they use \"ああして\" and \"もんね\".\n\nThank you for any help you provide.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T14:36:00.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59078",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T23:49:28.797",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-30T23:49:28.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How do you use \"ああして\" and \"もんね\"",
"view_count": 533
}
|
[
{
"body": "ああして is part of one of Japanese's many sets of four question words, in this\ncase:\n\n> こうして \"in this way\" \"like this\" \n> そうして \"in that way\" \"like that\" (nearby) \n> ああして \"in that way\" \"like that\" (distant) \n> どうして \"in what way\" \"how\"\n\nNote that this どうして is different in meaning from the more common どうして meaning\n\"why\", though I think that usage originally derives from this one. The other\nthree ～して forms do not have the same ambiguity. These forms are also largely\nequivalent in meaning to the ～やって forms こうやって, そうやって, ああやって and どうやって, which\nyou might encounter a little more commonly.\n\nAt any rate, the meaning here is quite straightforward - 相棒を **ああして** 亡くしたショック\nmeans \"the shock of losing his partner **like that** \". So it is referring to\nthe way in which his partner died (which was presumably particularly gruesome\nor shocking, though this sentence doesn't tell us anything about the details,\nother than that the person this speaker is talking to is expected to know\nthem).\n\nThe もんね, meanwhile, is indeed a more casual equivalent of the ものね that you\nlisted in the question, and indicates that 相棒をああして亡くしたショックで退職した (the fact that\nhe left his job due to the shock of losing his partner like that) is a reason\nor explanation for why 退職前よりずいぶん元気がない (he seems in a worse state/more\ndepressed than he was before he left his job). This seems to follow quite\nlogically. ものね or もんね can often be translated as \"after all\", which seems to\nfit well here.\n\nI would translate the whole sentence along the lines of\n\n> 相棒をああして亡くしたショックで退職したもんね…かわいそうに \n> He left his job due to the shock of losing his partner like that, after\n> all... Poor guy.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T15:11:19.973",
"id": "59079",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T15:11:19.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
59078
| null |
59079
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59097",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen articles like 秘密のとんかつレシピ. This would mean that the prior word is\ndefining the latter, it's the secret Tonkatsu Recipe. Is this true? Thanks in\nadvance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T15:11:37.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59080",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T22:27:31.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"word-order"
],
"title": "The place of noun and information using の?",
"view_count": 63
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's not defining, it's modifying or clarifying.\n\nThink about this phrase:\n\n> 日本の映画\n\nWhat kind of movies? Japanese movies. What kind of tonkatsu recipes? Secret\ntonkatsu recipes.\n\nA lot of different relationships between A and B can be written as AのB in\nJapanese, and you understand the correct meaning in context. For example,\nピカソの絵 could mean paintings of Picasso, paintings created by Picasso, or\npaintings belonging to Picasso.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T22:27:31.737",
"id": "59097",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T22:27:31.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "59080",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59080
|
59097
|
59097
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59085",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Over a year ago, I wrote a text on Lang-8. I'm analyzing my texts. I wrote,\nvery badly, this sentence:\n\n> この本書は、Ｌａｎｇ－８で一番日本語の本書を書きます。\n\nI tried to say \"this is my first text on Lang-8\"\n\nYeah, looking at it now, I don't even now what I was thinking. Anyway, I\nreceived the following correction:\n\n> これは私の、Ｌａｎｇ－８では初めての日本語の作文です。\n\nI need help to understand the の particle after the 私. Is it that rule where\nthe noun is implicit by the context, in this case, my text (作文), or the の\nparticle is just being connected normally with the entire sentence, but\nseparate with a comma, creating a different style (私のＬａｎｇ−８では…), in this case\ncreating a relationship between 私 and 作文? I don't think it's the former,\nbecause Ｌａｎｇ−８では \"disconnect\" 私の with what comes after. If so, I never saw it\nso far... Is there something with that comma?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T15:50:13.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59081",
"last_activity_date": "2021-06-09T00:17:23.487",
"last_edit_date": "2021-06-09T00:17:23.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "17384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Possessive の not indicating what is possessed",
"view_count": 533
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, this is just standard use of the possessive の. The comma is there to set\noff a relatively long noun phrase to make it more comprehensible. You may have\nheard that は doesn't belong in a noun phrase, but in this case it's acting\ncontrastively (i.e., this is my first post on Lang-8 as opposed to other\nsites).\n\nComma use in Japanese is much looser than in English, and there aren't a lot\nof cases where commas are absolutely required or prohibited.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T16:34:53.193",
"id": "59084",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T16:34:53.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "59081",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 「これは私{わたし}の、Ｌａｎｇ－８では初{はじ}めての日本語{にほんご}の作文{さくぶん}です。」\n\nIn this sentence, both 「私 **の** 」 and 「Lang-8では初めて **の** 」 modify the\n「日本語の作文」.\n\nStrictly speaking, the comma is optional, but that is a good place to use one\nbecause it helps **_visually_** notify the reader right away that another\nphrase would follow 「私の」 that will also modify the noun near the end of the\nsentence.\n\nIn other words, a comma is often used after a phrase when the word it modifies\ndoes not appear right after that phrase.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T16:36:09.370",
"id": "59085",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T16:36:09.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59081",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Yes, the comma shifts the の to 作文, as you indicated.\n\nAssuming that we want 私の to modify 作文：\n\nLet's consider this case, with no comma.\n\n> これは私のＬａｎｇ－８では初めての日本語の作文です。\n\nHere 私 and Lang-8 are tightly coupled because they're next to each other.\nFurthermore, 私 and Lang-8 look even more tightly coupled because they're in\nthe characters between the first は and では, making them look like they're in\nthe same phrase.\n\nSo, taking the above example and inserting commas explicitly where particles\nmark the end of phrases, we have the following\n\n> これは、私のＬａｎｇ－８では、初めての日本語の作文です。\n\nHere it's clearer that 私のLang-8では is one phrase.\n\nTo resolve this and make 私の modify 作文：\n\n> これは私の、Ｌａｎｇ－８では初めての日本語の作文です。\n\nThe comma after の separates 私 from Lang-8. Therefore, 私のLang-8 is no longer an\nindependent phrase. Lang-8では then belongs to the phrase that modifies 作文. If\n私の doesn't modify Lang-8, then logically it must modify 作文.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T16:37:18.380",
"id": "59086",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T16:44:10.003",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-30T16:44:10.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "29590",
"owner_user_id": "29590",
"parent_id": "59081",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59081
|
59085
|
59085
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I wanted to say that I am taking meat out of the fridge, would I say\n冷蔵庫に肉を出す, or should I use a different particle other than に after 冷蔵庫?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T16:21:38.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59082",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T16:30:17.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "How to indicate where you are taking something out of?",
"view_count": 79
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say:\n\n> 冷蔵庫から肉を取り出す。\n\nに is a tricky particle. When someone is giving you something or doing you a\nfavor, it can be used where we would use the word \"from\" in English. In most\ncases, however, \"from\" is translated as から, and in this case using に makes it\nsound like you're putting meat into the fridge rather than taking it out.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T16:30:17.380",
"id": "59083",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T16:30:17.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "59082",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59082
| null |
59083
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "After going on a long run, if you want to say, \"My feet are sore\", I would\nimagine that in Japanese you would say 「足が痛い」. If you want to say, \"My legs\nare sore\", I imagine that would be 「脚が痛い」.\n\nHow do you disambiguate one from the other in spoken Japanese, while\nminimizing additional explanation or without having to explain which kanji you\nmean?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T16:59:22.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59087",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T17:10:29.633",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-30T17:10:29.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "29590",
"owner_user_id": "29590",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "Difference between \"foot\" and \"leg\" in spoken Japanese",
"view_count": 432
}
|
[] |
59087
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59089",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been struggling with the possessive and the statement of existence in the\nfollowing phrase:\n\n> 私は今までの私ではない\n\nThe easy part is \"I am until now\"...but then I get stuck on 「の私ではない」. By\nitself, I understand「ではない」to mean \"am not,\" but then「の私」throws me: \"of me\"?\n\nHow off-base is the following interpretation?\n\n> I haven't been myself until now",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T17:31:35.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59088",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T17:58:52.470",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs",
"possession"
],
"title": "Having trouble parsing out 「私は今までの私ではない」",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "## Parse\n\n**私は** - I\n\n**今までの私** - The person I used to be (until now/just recently)\n\n**ではない** - am not\n\n## **Roughly translated**\n\n> I am not the person I used to be.\n\n## Side note\n\nFor parsing sentences, a useful tool is putting a comma after particles like は\nand seeing how the ideas organize out.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T17:47:25.713",
"id": "59089",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T17:47:25.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29590",
"parent_id": "59088",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I think `の` here is a nominalizer, converting `今まで` (until now) into a noun\nphrase which then modifies the second `私`, resulting in `今までの私` (\"me until\nnow\", i.e. \"the person I used to be\").\n\nCombining it with the first `私は` and last `ではない`, we get:\n\n> I'm not the person I used to be.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T17:58:52.470",
"id": "59090",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "59088",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59088
|
59089
|
59089
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "こにちは also reads as konichiwa\n\nWhy the extra ん",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T18:04:21.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59091",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T18:13:08.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30122",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"learning"
],
"title": "Why is konichiwa spelled as こんにちは",
"view_count": 11696
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's actually konnichiwa(こんにちは）. We don't say konichiwa（こにちは）.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T18:13:08.880",
"id": "59092",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T18:13:08.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30121",
"parent_id": "59091",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59091
| null |
59092
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I read in a manga that a character said \"...まさか...お前が\", \"...喜べ\" does it make\nsense to add imperative form here or the 喜べ isn't connected to the omae ga",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T19:38:16.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59094",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T22:14:51.487",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-30T20:01:51.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "26968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of まさか...お前が ...喜べ",
"view_count": 247
}
|
[
{
"body": "Assuming from comments that speaker is saying something like\n\n> So you're the one who was behind this all along. Are you happy now, now that\n> everything went as you planned?\n\nHere's the breakdown\n\n**まさか...** - No way.../I never would have thought...\n\n**お前が（黒幕だったんだ）...** - You're the one (who was behind this all along)...\n\n**（お前が）喜べ...すべてお前らの思い通りだ** - (Sarcastically, in admission of defeat) Rejoice.\nEverything went exactly as you planned.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-30T22:14:51.487",
"id": "59096",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-30T22:14:51.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29590",
"parent_id": "59094",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59094
| null |
59096
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How to translate 'They made her make him give me the book'?\n\nCan I translate it to:\n\nKarera wa kanojo ga kare ni sono hon o watasi ni watasaseru you ni saseta.\n\n彼らは彼女が彼にその本を私に渡させるようにさせた。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T00:43:07.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59098",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-16T11:20:49.197",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-16T11:20:49.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "29902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"syntax",
"causation"
],
"title": "How to translate 'They made her make him give me the book'?",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"They made her\" is 彼らは彼女にさせた. What did they make her to do? It is \"She make\nhim give me the book(彼女が彼が私にその本を渡すようにする or 彼女が彼に私にその本を渡させる。)\n\nThey combine and it becomes 彼らは、彼女に彼が私にその本を渡すようにさせた or 彼らは、彼女に彼にその本を私に渡させた.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T07:01:32.687",
"id": "59100",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "59098",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59098
| null |
59100
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't understand the following sentence from my textbook:\n\n> 学校を休んで遊んでいるところを友達のお母さんに見られた。\n\nI think this sentence means\n\n> Mom saw us while we were playing hooky from school.\n\nI don't understand why を is used after ところ instead of に, で, or が. I think を\nmarks the direct object, 学校を休んで遊んでいるところ, of 見られた. I don't understand why the\npassive verb 見られた would have a direct objet.\n\n * What does this sentence mean?\n * Why is ところ followed by を, and what is its meaning?\n * If を marks the direct object of 見られた, why does it have a direct object?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T08:32:45.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59101",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T10:28:56.820",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-31T09:39:28.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "26989",
"owner_user_id": "26989",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Parsing 学校を休んで遊んでいるところを友達のお母さんに見られた。",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "It would be translated as \"I was seen by my friend's mother to be playing\nhooky from school\".\n\nThis ところ means \"scene\". You can remember this sentence \"I was seen to break\nthe window\" and it is translated 私は窓を割るのを見られた. It can be rephrased as\n私は窓を割るところを見られた.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T10:28:56.820",
"id": "59108",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T10:28:56.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "59101",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59101
| null |
59108
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question:\nそんな中、大阪・八尾市にある興味深い保育園を見つけました。ここでは５０年前の開園から変わらず、今でもおんぶを取り入れているというのです。\n\nFor full context:\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/web_tokushu/2018_0521.html?utm_int=news_contents_tokushu_004>\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"...we found a nursery school of great interest in\nOsaka yaoshi. There, without change since the opening before 50 years, they\nadopt piggyback rides until now.\"\n\nI just translated the sentence like という wasmt there. And I guess thats\nbasically how you do it here, but I still dont understand the function of という\nand therefore Id like to know what it adds to the sentence ^^\n\nFurthermore, Ive left out そんな中 because to be honest, I have little idea what\nit represents here xD",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T08:39:32.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59102",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T15:57:06.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does という work here?",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context,\n\n> 「Mini-Sentence + というの + だ/です/である」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"To my surprise/Somewhat surprisingly, they say/I have heard that (Mini-\n> Sentence)\"\n\nThe newly-found piece of information is \" **just a little bit unexpected** \"\nis the nuance of the expression for us native speakers, which you will never\narrive at by literally translating it into another language.\n\nFor that reason, this phrase is occasionally used in conjunction with the word\n「なんと」, which helps place more emphasis.\n\n「そんな中」 refers to the present-day trend where holding the baby is more common\nthan おんぶするing it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T15:57:06.313",
"id": "59116",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T15:57:06.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59102
| null |
59116
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59112",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question: 早速園内をのぞいてみました。\n\nFor full context:\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/web_tokushu/2018_0521.html?utm_int=news_contents_tokushu_004>\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"At once they cleared inside the garden.\"\n\nI dont really know how else to translate this sentence, however, I also have\ndifficulties connecting with the context from before. I could see the\naforementioned nursery school having \"cleared\" their garden of children.\nBasically calling them in after letting them play for some time in the garden.\nHowever, this comes pretty much out of the blue and therefore I find it rather\nimprobable.\n\nSo maybe I just misunderstood the whole thing and someone can tell me what\nthey actually tell us there ^^",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T08:48:10.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59103",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T12:00:54.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does this sentence say?",
"view_count": 83
}
|
[
{
"body": "「覗{のぞ}く」 means \" ** _to take a look into_** \"\n\n> 「早速園内{さっそくえんない}をのぞいてみました。」\n\nsimply means:\n\n> \"I took a look into the kindergarten right away.\"\n\nYou probably had in mind another verb 「除{のぞ}く」(\" ** _to remove_** \") to come\nup with \"to clear\", but 「園内を除く」 does not make much sense in the first place.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T12:00:54.060",
"id": "59112",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T12:00:54.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59103",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
59103
|
59112
|
59112
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59110",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question:\n久宝まぶねこども園の五十嵐宏枝園長に話を聞いてみると、最近の子どもたちは、家でおんぶをしてもらうことが少なく、おんぶのされ方が分からないそうです。\n\nFor full context:\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/web_tokushu/2018_0521.html?utm_int=news_contents_tokushu_004>\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"...when we asked for their story, it seemed that\nthe children of the recent past, because at home they are rarely given\npiggbackrides, don't know the way of being taken on the back.\"\n\nI interpreted され as the stem of the passive voice of する. Therefore I looked at\nされ方 as a composition of され and ほう and came up with the above translation. But\nsince I basically just guessed at this, I wanted to ask for confirmation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T09:53:29.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59106",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T10:42:02.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is this され方 or され and ほう?",
"view_count": 91
}
|
[
{
"body": "**_Active Voice vs. Passive Voice_**\n\nする vs. される (\"to do ~~\" vs. \"to be/get done ~~\")\n\nし方{かた} vs. され方{かた} (\"how to do ~~\" vs. \"how to be/get done ~~\")\n\nAre you following me so far?\n\nActive Voice: \"Parents and older siblings おんぶ **する** babies\".\n\nPassive Voice: \"Babies are おんぶ **される** by their parents and older siblings.\"\n\nThus, 「おんぶの **され方** が分{わ}からない」 means \"(children) don't know **_how to be\ngiven_** piggyback rides.\"\n\nSo, your \"understanding\" is good except for the reading of 「方{かた}」 in 「され方」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T10:42:02.613",
"id": "59110",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T10:42:02.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59106",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59106
|
59110
|
59110
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59115",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question:\n\n> 中には、おんぶを怖がる子どももいます\n\n[Full\ncontext](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/web_tokushu/2018_0521.html?utm_int=news_contents_tokushu_004)\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"On average, there are also children which fear\npiggybackriding\".\n\nIn [the jisho\ntranslation](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%81%8A%E3%82%93%E3%81%B6%E3%82%92%E6%80%96%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B%E5%AD%90%E3%81%A9%E3%82%82%E3%82%82%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99),\n怖がる is described as intransitive. Since を is used, I assume theres a\ntransitive use in front of us though. Is Jisho wrong here or is this a regular\n\"ambiguity\" in contemporary japanese grammar?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T09:58:07.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59107",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T16:59:31.560",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-31T16:59:31.560",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "How can this intransitive verb be used transitively here?",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe 怖がる is a transitive verb. 明鏡国語辞典 lists it as a 他動詞:\n\n> こわがる【怖がる（▿恐がる）】〘 **他** 五〙\n\n[中]{なか}には means \"among (them)\". 中には～～もいる/ある means \"Some of them ~~\".\n\n> 中にはパイロットになった者もいた。 Some of them became pilots. \n> (from Shogakukan's _Progressive J-E Dictionary_ )\n\nSo your example can translate to:\n\n> \"Among the children (in 久宝まぶねこども園), some are scared of riding piggyback.\" \n> \"Some of the children (in the nursery) are scared of riding piggyback.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T15:46:39.990",
"id": "59115",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T16:02:52.657",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-31T16:02:52.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "59107",
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"score": 2
}
] |
59107
|
59115
|
59115
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59118",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 日本語と違って、英語だと文字だけじゃ区別もつきにくいし。\n>\n> Different from Japanese, you can easily tell the difference (gender) from\n> just the letters/words (of names) in English.\n\nI'm trying to understand why this is translated as \"you can't necessarily tell\ngender through Japanese text like you can in English.\"\n\nNote that it refers to gender by Japanese names.\n\nBut why にくい? Isn't this talking about English with 英語だと? Shouldn't it be やすい\ninstead?\n\nAnd also what is this つく? is it 吐く?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T11:07:31.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59111",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T16:50:57.393",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is this 英語だと implying?",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "Because I cannot add comment, I just try and ask you here. I am not sure what\nis the sentence before `日本語と違って`, I just best guess your whole sentence.\n\nIs this sentence rightfully translated? `Different from Japanese, you can\neasily tell the difference (gender) from just the letters/words (of names) in\nEnglish.`\n\nI think the part of にくい is misinterpreted in the English translation. Because:\n\n> 区別もつきにくいし\n>\n\n>> 区別がつく usage => add( and show) the difference\n\n>>\n\n>> 区別がつきにくい => difficult to add( and show) the difference\n\n>\n> Explanation of にくい\n>\n\n>> verb + にくい => adding \"difficult\" meaning to the action\n\n>>\n\n>> eg. 食べにくい => eg. (some form of food) **is difficult to eat** (using\nchopsticks)\n\n>\n> So I think the meaning is\n>\n\n>> Different from Japanese, it is still hard to tell/add the difference by\njust adding words/letters (if it is) in English.\n\nupdate: `つく`は自動詞です my previous mistake makde it with を`つく`, please note.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T12:05:54.297",
"id": "59113",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T14:09:55.353",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-31T14:09:55.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "4993",
"owner_user_id": "4993",
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},
{
"body": "日本語と違って、英語だと文字だけじゃ区別もつきにくいし。 \nThis sentence says\n\n> Unlike in Japanese, in English it is difficult to tell (gender) just from\n> the characters (letters) used (in a name).\n\nSo the original translation was wrong. (Maybe they meant to say \"can't?\") \nAs an example, take the name Akira. A name used more for males than females,\nbut there are plenty of examples of both. For males, it could be written\n昭、昌、晃、彰、章、朗 and so on, but writing it like 晶 and あきら would probably make most\npeople think the person is female. Obviously, this information is lost when\nwritten with the alphabet.\n\nAnd, yes, it is talking about English with 英語だと, the problem was with the\ntranslation.\n\nAs far as 区別もつく goes, 付く would be the kanji for that, though it is usually\nwritten in hiragana. [See here for usage\nfrequency](http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp/headword/N.02309/)\n\n区別がつく= 209\n\n区別が付く= 15",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T16:39:48.633",
"id": "59118",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T16:50:57.393",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-31T16:50:57.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "1761",
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "59111",
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"score": 1
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59111
|
59118
|
59118
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59119",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am sure this has been asked before, but due to this form's similarity to the\ncausative-passive (e.g. **行かせられる** ), I simply cannot find anything except for\nsome thick Japanese explanations complete with overly technical grammar terms.\n\nI do not understand why the passive form is **せられる** instead of **される** for\nverbs like `発する, 罰する, 反する`, and so on (so-called **する verbs**?). The\nconjugation table on _Tangorin_ does not even list this **せられる** form at all.\n\n**Question:** \nIs the form **される** , e.g. **発される** , `ungrammatical, unnatural, or allowed`?\nMoreover, do these verbs have other ~~naughty naughty~~ irregular conjugations\nthat I have to look out for?\n\nOn a side note, I once read a discussion that said the alternative form of\nthis type of verb (e.g. **罰す** ) is not used anymore, but I cannot locate that\ndiscussion. Would someone kindly shed light on this as well?\n\nまたつまらない質問を出してしまったが、どうぞよろしくお願いいたします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T12:39:21.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59114",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-26T10:31:06.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "発する, 罰する, 反する, etc. taking strange conjugation せられる for the passive form",
"view_count": 460
}
|
[
{
"body": "Based on the \"Best answer\" from\n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1118086201> *, and\nsummarizing dramatically to fit your questions:\n\n## Short answer\n\n * せられる is one form of classical Japanese for される. It's not an incorrect conjugation, but it's not a mainstream conjugation, either. For the verbs in question, I imagine that usage of this non-mainstream conjugation has remained active until now, for one reason or another.\n\n## Other noteworthy info\n\n * せさせる is one form of classical Japanese for させる\n * せぬ is one form of classical Japanese for しない. One modern use I've seen frequently is 予期せぬ\n\n*(The post is a few years old, so at least one referential link from that post seems to be obsolete, but the following should at least get you started on further research if you wish.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T17:30:51.867",
"id": "59119",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T17:30:51.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29590",
"parent_id": "59114",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "This is not an attempt at a legitimate answer, but one that serves as a\nreference for people who may have the same doubt as I do.\n\n 1. **せられる vs. される** \nThe answer in (1)[this\narticle](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1118086201\n\"1\") explains the origin of the form せられる, and how modern governmental\nauthority recommends using される instead. Moreover, the person also comments on\nhow he/she believes that different conjugated forms for NOUNする & NOUNす verbs\nhave in effect different _affects_.\n\n 2. **NOUNする vs. NOUNす** \n(2)[This topic](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15450/when-to-\nuse-%E3%81%99-verbs-or-their-%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-verb-counterparts \"2\") and\n(3)[this one](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/46857/difference-\nbetween-%E6%84%9B%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-and-%E6%84%9B%E3%81%99 \"3\") both touch\nupon this subject, yet I do not think there's a decisive conclusion. I believe\nyou cannot just say the NOUNす form is outdated and forget about it altogether,\nbecause it depends on context, the speaker/writer, etc. Besides, when\nconjugation comes into play, things get even more complicated.\n\n * Take 愛する & 愛す for example, (4)[people](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/4401486 \"4\") seem to say that 愛しない is wrong (see links 3 & 4), and 愛さない should be used. Therefore, although 愛する exists, 愛しない does not for gods-know-what.\n\nMy takeaway as a beginner: \nYeah, pretty much forget about all this, and learn these verbs's usages case\nby case, like just about everything else.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T02:40:55.820",
"id": "59132",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T06:06:10.237",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-01T06:06:10.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "27674",
"owner_user_id": "27674",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "As the other answers have mentioned, in classical Japanese サ変's 未然形 was せ and\nthus the passive せられる is just the standard 未然形 + られる. Some of these super\nirregular する verbs still retain this characteristic. However, some of these\nirregular words have changed and are more similar to 五段 or 一段 verbs now. For\nexample, 愛する conjugates into 愛さない, behaving similarly to a す-ending 五段 verb\nfor negation.\n\nHere's a summary of part of [サ変動詞の活用のゆれについて--\n電子資料に基づく分析](https://doi.org/10.15084/00002053), which is based on a digital\ntextual analysis of Asahi Shimbun from 1987-1992. It discusses this at length:\n\nThe author categorizes する verbs into 4 classes, but I'll stick to talking\nabout the second class which he calls \"Unstable words in between _Sahen_ and\n_Sa-Go_ [属する type]\" (`サ変とサ五のあいだでゆれているもの一「属する」類`).\n\nThese are the words that he lists:\n\n>\n> （1）愛圧逸臆科課介[解]{かい}害画冠関期帰記擬議喫窮御供遇屈[解]{げ}激決抗刻察死資持辞失謝熟処叙称証詔賞食制接絶宣奏即属存堕対題託達脱徴呈適徹毒鈍熱廃排配縛発罰反比秘表評貧付復服偏滅面模目訳有要擁浴利律略類列労和,\n> etc\n\nThen, using textual analysis he postulates the following:\n\n> （i）「X」が促音・撥音・長音を含む場合はサ変のままであり (words with 促音・撥音・長音 conjugate more similarly\n> to サ変)\n>\n> （ii）それ以外の場合はサ五に変化している。 (otherwise conjugates more like す-ending 五段 verbs)\n\nFor many conjugations, this heuristic works out pretty well and is probably\npretty useful for figuring out how to conjugate:\n\n96%+ for negation with ない, 82%+ for negation with ず (disregarding 期せず), 92+%\nfor negation with ぬ, 75%+ for conditional with ば (disregarding 愛すれば).\n\nHowever, for the passive it's only about 50% correct:\n\n>\n> 「Xせられ」と「Xされ」の用例数の総計は，（i）において592対652（「Xせられ」が47.6%），（ii）において1,554対2,237（「Xされ」が59.0%）となる。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6f3bB.png)\n\nJudging from their analysis, I'd say 発される is pretty much never used and is\nnearly always 発せられる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-26T02:54:29.397",
"id": "73241",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-26T10:31:06.043",
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"parent_id": "59114",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59114
|
59119
|
59119
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59136",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching an anime and one of the characters said this:\n\n> 優しいししっかりしてるし可愛いし\n\nI was a bit surprised because I was told that you should connect adjectives\nwith て.\n\nWhy is this characters using し here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T15:59:40.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59117",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T03:50:31.413",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-31T18:13:29.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22787",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjunctions",
"particle-し"
],
"title": "Can し act as replacement for て when listing a series of adjectives?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "When the character said\n\n> 優しいししっかりしてるし可愛いし\n\nIt roughly translates to\n\n> He is nice, _plus_ mature, _plus_ cute.\n\nIf you were to use て、 you would not say 優しいて、 you would say 優しくて.\n\nHere, 優しいし is used because it is a little more informal than 優しくて.\n\nI hope this helps.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T03:50:31.413",
"id": "59136",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T03:50:31.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30135",
"parent_id": "59117",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59117
|
59136
|
59136
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59121",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here's the line from NHK easy news:\n\n> ザギトワ選手のインスタグラムは世界で４５万人ぐらいの人が **見ていて** 、犬をかわいがる **様子** が人気になっています。\n\n[Link](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011455241000/k10011455241000.html)\nto the news article.\n\nSeparating the part before and after comma into two parts,\n\n> ザギトワ選手のインスタグラムは世界で４５万人ぐらいの人が **見ていて、**\n\nWhat does 見ていて mean here ? My translation is \"Zagitova's instagram account is\nbeing followed by 450k people\" but I am not sure if follow is the correct\ntranslation of 見ていて.\n\n> 犬をかわいがる **様子** が人気になっています\n\n\"The condition of dog being cute is getting popular\" doesn't make a lot of\nsense to me. The confusion here arises mostly because of 様子.\n\n> 犬をかわいがる **様子** が人気になっています。\n\nWhat would be a good English translation for the entire sentence or what do\n見ていて and 様子 translate to in this context ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T17:41:18.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59120",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T18:01:36.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"て-form"
],
"title": "What does this sentence translate to or what does 見ていて and 様子 mean in this context?",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "`見ていて` -> `見ている` -> `見る` ( look/see )\n\nThe subject of `見ていて` is the preceding `４５万人ぐらいの人` (around 450k people)\n\nSo, more literally it's \"In regards to Zagitova's Instagram, around 450k\npeople (in the world) are looking [at it]\", but \"follow\" can be used too. The\n`-て` form is used to connect the two sentences.\n\nFor the second part, `犬をかわいがる` does not mean \"dog is being cute\", but\n\"[Zagitova] is playing with/showing affection to the dog\" (see\n[かわいがる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/all/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8F%E3%81%84%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B/m0u/)).\nNote how `を` is marking the object of the verb.\n\nNext, `様子` can mean \"condition\" but in the sense of \"appearance/look [usually\nof someone]\". A better meaning in this context is probably \"state; state of\naffairs; situation; circumstances\". I.e. it's the scenes/situation of Zagitova\npetting the dog which makes her Instagram popular.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T18:01:36.013",
"id": "59121",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T18:01:36.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "59120",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59120
|
59121
|
59121
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have my phone set to Japanese, and I got a call from \" 制限 \". I understand\nthat 制限 means \"restricted\", but in this context does it mean a blocked number,\nor something else?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T18:12:33.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59122",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-30T23:01:12.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29558",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 制限 when talking about phones/phone numbers?",
"view_count": 158
}
|
[
{
"body": "I could not find a 100% confirmation so far but I strongly suspect it means\n“caller ID blocked”.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T21:53:39.390",
"id": "59160",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T21:53:39.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "59122",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59122
| null |
59160
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59129",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Pretty straightforward question. When using だろう or でしょう as a way to express\nunassertiveness on my sentence (i.e., \"it seems\", \"it looks like\"), what\nintonation should I use? Does it follow a pattern similar to a question (か) or\na affirmation (だ)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T20:24:18.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59123",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T00:34:10.770",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27118",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "What sort of intonation should I have when using だろう/でしょう?",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[
{
"body": "You use the **_falling_** intonation as you would with affirmation. That is to\nsay, you go:\n\n「だろう{LHL}」 and 「でしょう{LHHL}」\n\nWhen used at the end of yes/no questions, they need to be pronounced with a\n**_rising_** intonation as in:\n\n「だろう{LHH}」 and 「でしょう{LHHH}」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T00:34:10.770",
"id": "59129",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T00:34:10.770",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59123",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59123
|
59129
|
59129
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59126",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am having some trouble with _kore, sore, are, dore, dore no, kono, sono,\nano, dono, koko, soko_ and _doko_. I know what they mean but I am trying to\nput them into sentence and the order of the particles is feeling like crap\nshoot. Not sure if this question fits this site but if does not; feel free to\ndown vote it and ill go look somewhere else for help.\n\n> あれはわたしのペンてす。\n\nI am assuming in this case わたしのペン can be thought of a noun meaning \"my pen\"\nthen depending on _kore sore_ or _are wa_ we have \"this is my pen\", \"that\n(near you) is my pen\" and \"that (over there) is my pen\"\n\nCan we also say あれはまちんのペンてす. or あれはあなたのペンてす. meaning \"that is ma-san's pen\n(over there)\" and \"that is your pen (over there)\"\n\nWhat do we use このペンは for? How do we form だれのペンですか into \"whose pen is\nthis?///is this your pen?\"\n\nWould also like an example of how to use _dono_ and _dore_ for peoples.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T20:48:12.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59124",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T00:26:11.320",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-31T21:29:36.023",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"demonstratives",
"kosoado"
],
"title": "basic grammar of pointing words",
"view_count": 451
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the series of location words colloquially known as the こそあど (ko-so-a-do)\nseries, it's important to break these up into a few groups -- these groupings\nwill help you understand how to use these words better.\n\nI'm going to group them first by their beginning:\n\n 1. Beginning with こ\n 2. Beginning with そ\n 3. Beginning with あ\n 4. Beginning with ど\n\nWords beginning with こ:\n\n> これ、この、ここ、こんな\n\nThese words have a \"here\" perspective from the speaker's point of view.\n\nWords beginning with そ:\n\n> それ、その、そこ、そんな\n\nThese words have a \"there\" (by the listener) perspective from the speaker's\npoint of view.\n\nWords beginning with あ:\n\n> あれ、あの、あそこ、あんな\n\nThese words have an \"over there\" (away from both the speaker and listener)\nperspective from the speaker's point of view.\n\nWords beginning with ど:\n\n> どれ、どの、どこ、どんな\n\nThese words are question words about locations or items.\n\nNow, I'm going to group them by their endings:\n\n 1. Ending in れ\n 2. Ending in の\n 3. Ending in こ\n 4. Ending in んな\n\nIn these groups, then you get:\n\n 1. Ending in れ\n\n> これ = This (indeterminate object) \n> それ = That (indeterminate object) \n> あれ = That [over there] (indeterminate object) \n> どれ = Which (indeterminate object)\n\n_Indeterminate object_ refers to an object that you are not calling by name.\nSentences using これ・それ・あれ typically are used in sentences where an object that\nis unknown is explained, or when the object is understood by all parties and\nneeds no explanation. Consider these following sentences:\n\n> これはあみさんのかばんです。 \n> This is Ami's (school) bag.\n>\n> それはわたしのみかんです。 \n> That is my orange.\n>\n> あれはわたしのすきなきっさてんです。 \n> That (over there) is the tea shop that I like.\n>\n> どれがとれるんですか。 \n> Which (thing) can I take?\n>\n> はい、これはあなたのものでしょう？ \n> Here, this belongs to you, doesn't it?\n\nAs you can see, you can use this to refer to an object that isn't being called\nby name. In some of these sentences, the name of the object is given as part\nof the explanation.\n\n 2. Ending in の\n\n> この = This (specific object) \n> その = That (specific object) \n> あの = That (specific, distant object over there) \n> どの = Which (specific object)\n\nBy _specific object_ we refer to a specific target that is identified with the\nlocation word. Sentences that use these words normally explain more about a\nspecific object or location in question. Consider the following:\n\n> このみせは、おいしいラーメンがあるよ。 \n> This shop has delicious ramen, you know.\n>\n> そのくつはきれいでだいすきです。 \n> Those shoes are pretty and I like them a lot.\n>\n> あのとしょかんにはさがしているほんはありませんでした。 \n> That library did not have the book I was looking for.\n>\n> どのえんぴつがさくらさんのえんぴつですか。 \n> Which is Sakura's pencil?\n\nEach of these sentences describe something more about a specific, given object\nor location.\n\n 3. Ending in こ\n\n> ここ = this (place by the speaker) [or, \"here\"] \n> そこ = that (place by the listener) [or, \"there\"] \n> あそこ = that (place) [over there] (away from the speaker and listener) \n> どこ = Which (place) [or, \"where\"]\n\nThese words refer to locations in reference to the speaker and the listener's\npositions.\n\n> ここのちかくには、じてんしゃやがあります。 \n> There is a bicycle shop near here.\n>\n> そこのてんきはどうですか。 \n> How is the weather there (over by you)?\n>\n> あそこはにんきのようふくのみせです。 \n> That (place over there) is a popular clothing shop.\n>\n> びょういんはどこですか。 \n> Where is the hospital?\n\n 4. Ending in んな\n\nThis is probably the trickier of the bunch, and I might not do the explanation\njustice. However, these have perspective as do the previous sets of words.\nThese words refer to collections of things. Think of the construction in\nEnglish that is \"these (kinds of things)\" and similar constructions.\n\n> こんな = these (kinds of things) [or, \"in this way\"] \n> そんな = those (kinds of things) [or \"in that way\"] \n> あんな = those (kinds of things) [over there] [or, \"in such a way\"] \n> どんな = Which kinds of things\n\nあんな is a special word that refers to the kinds of things both unfamiliar for\nspeaker and listener. For that reason, it has similar perspectives as the\nprevious あ words. Also, words ending in んな can be used with specific or\nindeterminate objects. When an object is given the same way that is used for\nwords ending in の, the collection is assumed to be like objects to the one\nmentioned. Otherwise, it is assumed to be an assortment of things.\n\n> こんなことはうれしいです。 \n> These kinds of things are fun.\n>\n> そんなにあやまらなくてもいいですよ。 \n> You don't have to apologize in that way, you know.\n>\n> あんなばしょにいきたくありませんか。 \n> Don't you want to go to a place like that?\n>\n> どんなえいががすきですか。 \n> Which kind of movies do you like?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T22:32:34.220",
"id": "59126",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T00:26:11.320",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "59124",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
59124
|
59126
|
59126
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59138",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How are the following different:\n\n * そうです (thats right)\n\n * そうですか (i see; is that so)\n\n * そうですね (thats right)\n\nalso what's the difference between いいです and いいですね?\n\nreference or sentence in context much appreciated especially example/s of\nwhere one uses \"thats right\" in english and then its translated to japanese\nwhich of そうですね or そうです are used any help would be much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T21:32:22.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59125",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-22T13:19:15.503",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-22T13:19:15.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"particle-か",
"particle-ね"
],
"title": "What's the difference between そうですね, そうですか, そうです",
"view_count": 6786
}
|
[
{
"body": "そうです is a way of saying 'yes, that is certain.' For example, a discussion\nusing the word might go like this:\n\n> 4+3=7 ですか？ (Is 4+3=7?)\n>\n\n>> はい、そうです。(Yes, that is certain.)\n\nOn the other hand, そうですか is, as the definition you provided, can be both I\nsee; or is that so?\n\nIf you used it as 'I see':\n\n> 椅子に引っかかって腕を折りました。(I tripped on a chair and broke my arm.)\n>\n\n>> そうですか。。。 (I see...)\n\nIf you used it as 'Is that so?':\n\n> 4+3=8です。 (4+3 is 8.)\n>\n\n>> そうですか？ (Is that so?)\n\nそうですね is a more intimate version of そうです、 and usually used when you are\ntalking to a person of higher rank. It can also be used to start a sentence\nlike 'um,'\n\nUsed like 'yes, I agree':\n\n> 社長： ロッククライミングは危ないと思います。(Boss: I think Rockclimbing is dangerous)\n>\n\n>> 社員： そうですね。(Worker: Yes, I agree.)\n\nUsed like 'um':\n\n> あなたはどう思いますか？ (What do you think?)\n>\n\n>> そうですね、良いと思います。(Um, I think it is good.)\n\nいいです and いいですね is the same thing as before, the one with the ね is more\nintimate version, and usually used when you are talking to a person of higher\nrank.\n\nI hope this helps.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T04:09:36.237",
"id": "59138",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-02T22:15:43.887",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-02T22:15:43.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "30135",
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"score": 4
}
] |
59125
|
59138
|
59138
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Which grammar structure does the following sentence fit into?\n\n> あのナイフは、パンを切るのにつかいます。\n\nI translated it as \"That knife is used to cut bread\". However, I can't\nunderstand the 切るのにつかいます part. The closest I got was that you can use に ＋ V ます\nto express purpose, such as 勉強しに来ました(I came to study). But these examples did\nnot use the nominalizer. What structure is used in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-31T22:32:50.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59127",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-31T23:38:50.573",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-31T23:38:50.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "14421",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Which grammar structure does this sentence fit into?",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[] |
59127
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference between **決して～ない** and **まったく～ない**?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T00:28:30.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59128",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T13:55:42.740",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-01T02:58:20.360",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"adverbs",
"polarity-items"
],
"title": "決して～ない vs まったく～ない",
"view_count": 922
}
|
[
{
"body": "They basically mean the same thing, except the latter is more informal.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T03:31:51.217",
"id": "59133",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T03:31:51.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30135",
"parent_id": "59128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "There's definitely an overlap in the \"completely/absolute\" domain between\n決して...ない and まったく...ない\n\nIf we want to split them apart, then Chocolate has a good pair of sentences to\nhelp illustrate the difference:\n\n> 「決して忘れません」\n\n= _definitely_ don't forget.\n\n決して usually relates to volition or decisional completeness / finality.\n\nOr the opposite of not being committed to remembering.\n\nCommand-related usage is quite common for 決して so it also has a kind of\n[必ず](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B1%BA%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6-489955) sense.\n\n> 「全くわかりません」\n\n=I don't understand _at all_\n\nOr we could say there's nothing in the contents I understand (the opposite of\nunderstanding all of the contents).\n\nまったく relates to completeness of things.\n\n* * *\n\nA further signal other than looking at usage that tells us 決して is more formal\nis that 決して depends on the 音読み of [決](https://kakijun.jp/page/07136200.html)\nwhereas まったく when written in kanji uses one of the 訓読み of 全.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-01T13:55:42.740",
"id": "59825",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-01T13:55:42.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "59128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59128
| null |
59825
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While listening to [a song](https://www.lyrical-nonsense.com/lyrics/hachiya-\nnanashi-feat-hatsune-miku/yoyoi-no-yoi/) (I believe it would be considered\n_denpa_ or something close to it) I came across these lyrics (hesitant English\ntranslations by me):\n\n> どうだい くたばる前に あばよ昇天 \n> How’s that? Before I drop dead I bid farewell my ascension to Heaven\n>\n> 全体死んでる目で見つめ合って \n> Gazing at each other with completely lifeless eyes\n>\n> **行進頓服中毒敵わないね** \n> _I won't win against this parade of use-as-needed poison_\n>\n> 振り切れた生命 本能は低迷 \n> I shook off my life; my instincts grow sluggish\n\nI don't understand how to handle this \"行進頓服中毒\". I'm assuming that some のs are\nbeing omitted here as is the case with more casual/archaic language, but the\nterms and tone of the lyrics in this song are so odd (ex. \"錠剤病んでるせいで投与、御礼。/\nSince I was sick of those pills, my humble thanks to you for administering\n[them]\") I wanted to check.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T00:46:43.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59130",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-27T18:20:24.237",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-27T18:20:24.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "29341",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Combining multiple nouns with a lack of attributive verbs",
"view_count": 211
}
|
[
{
"body": "`中毒{ちゅうどく}` originally means \"poisoning\", but nowadays is used more in the\nsense of\n[\"addiction\"](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92/#je-48528).\nSo I would interpret `行進頓服中毒敵わない` as \"[one] can't win against addiction to\nmarching\".\n\nI suspect `頓服{とんぷく}` was just inserted for rhythm/alliteration and does not\nnecessarily carry a meaning on its own. However, other lines also talk about\ntaking medicine so maybe it's related after all...\n\nIn all, I think the best \"translation\" of this would be to just write similar\nnonsense in English using the overall impression of the song.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T08:39:13.243",
"id": "59144",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T08:39:13.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3295",
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"score": 1
}
] |
59130
| null |
59144
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59141",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I came across this term on the Internet. It is proving to be very tricky.\n\n * 女 is not too hard. It can be translated as “woman”, “girl”, “female”, and possibly some other terms.\n * ヤラレ/やられ is the part I can't seem to grasp. It might be derived from [やる](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%84%E3%82%8B), and I think it might have something to do with sex.\n\nDoes anyone know what it means?\n\nEdit: You guys are right. I need to provide some context surrounding the word.\nSo (takes a deep breath), here goes:\n\nThere is a website titled 「Midnight Ladies」. In this website, an artist has\nposted images that show female anime villains (both original characters and\ncharacters from existing shows) getting beaten up, killed, or humiliated in a\nnumber of ways. For one such image, the artist has some of these characters\ndisplay...um...”incontinence”. The artist's words on the subject are as\nfollows:\n\n>\n> それから「失禁」。もう今までに何度か描いてますが、水溜りまでシッカリと描き込んだのはこれが初めてですね。私にとって失禁は「負け」の象徴なのです。しかも格の低いやられ役にこそ相応しい痴態で、動物的レベルでの戦意が挫け、自分の存在を放棄した事を表します。性行為以外でこんなに無様で下品な姿を女性が曝す。これはほとんど「ヤラレ女」だけの醍醐味です。\n\nCorrect me if I'm wrong, but I think it could be translated like this:\n\n> And so the “incontinence”. Now I already drew it several times, but this is\n> the first time I have properly drawn it as only a puddle, right? As far as I\n> am concerned, I can say with confidence that incontinence is a symbol of\n> “defeat”. Moreover, it is precisely the suitable silliness in the low\n> ranking of expendable characters, and their fighting spirit is broken on a\n> sensual level, and represents the fact that they surrendered their\n> existence. Women expose their unsightly and vulgar figures in this way with\n> the exception of sexual intercourse. This is almost the real pleasure of\n> “ヤラレ女” alone.\n\nOh, and when I tried to look up the meaning of the term, I came across a book\ntitle that says やられ女の言い分 (文春文庫) by 内田 春菊. I think that can be translated as “A\nやられ女's Case” (Bunshun Bunko) by Shungicu Uchida/Uchida Shungicu.\n\nI hope this context helps to provide a better answer, as crass as it may be.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T01:52:53.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59131",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-06-01T13:00:03.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "29607",
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What does ヤラレ女/やられ女 mean?",
"view_count": 583
}
|
[
{
"body": "遣られる{ヤられる} means to suffer or be damaged. So, I think the phrase in question\nmeans damaged/suffering woman.\n\nMaybe if you provide the context we can decipher the meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T05:40:35.790",
"id": "59141",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30134",
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"post_type": "answer",
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{
"body": "ヤられ(た) would probably pertain to sex, especially since it's used with 女. やられ役\nis used to refer to someone in an expendable role, so I would extrapolate from\nthere. Sorry for being a bit crass, but it likely refers to a woman who is\n'used' (and discarded) in some way, or is a 'sl-t'. Google Images brings up\nsome rather crass images of slumped over women.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T09:05:24.033",
"id": "59146",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T09:05:24.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29341",
"parent_id": "59131",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Okay. I just found out that 「Midnight Ladies」 has a Glossary section that\nexplains terms exclusive to the site.\n\nIn that section, it has the following term listed:\n\n> やられ\n>\n>\n> このサイトの核心を成す概念（笑）。物語に敵として登場する女性が戦ってやっつけられる事、つまり「やられちゃう」事。生命の有無は問いませんが（表記が「殺られ」ではなく平仮名なのはそのため）原則は戦闘。処刑や自決はあくまでも例外です。こういうやられ役の女性キャラをここではもっぱら「やられ女」と称しています。でも実はこう言ってしまうと同じ「やられ」でも「犯られ」という雰囲気が強くなり、実際、検索エンジンにかけてみるとそういう結果になってしまうんですよね（笑）。もっと適切で魅力的な呼称を考えています。\n\nThe translation into English apparently goes something like this:\n\n> Yarare\n>\n> The concept that forms the core of this site. (LOL) The act of women, who\n> make appearances as enemies in a story, fighting and being defeated, in\n> other words, the act of “being completely defeated”. Whether they live or\n> not does not matter (That’s why the writing is not “殺られ”, and is in\n> hiragana), but the principle is the fight. Executions and suicides are the\n> only exceptions. Female characters in expendable roles of this kind here are\n> exclusively called “やられ女”. But actually, when I had said this, the\n> atmosphere, which is called “犯られ” is also in the same “やられ”, became\n> stronger. Indeed, when I try to use the search engine, the fact is it would\n> consist of results like that, wouldn’t it? (LOL) I am thinking of a more\n> appropriate and attractive name.\n\nI have to say that I feel embarrassed, because the answer was right in front\nof me!\n\nOn an interesting side note, there is a blog discussing [やられ役](http://eigo-\nkobako.blog.so-net.ne.jp/2007-06-27).\n\nApparently, the term やられ役 can be translated as follows:\n\n * expendable character\n * ensign expendable\n * no-name extra\n * redshirt\n * disposable\n * jobber\n * cannon fodder\n * loose cannon\n\nThat's a lot of translations for one term, isn't it?\n\nBy the way, if I screwed up with my translating, please don't hesitate to\npoint out any mistakes!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T00:39:14.310",
"id": "59164",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"score": 1
}
] |
59131
|
59141
|
59141
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "1. ゐ and ゑ. Looks like an odd looking hiragana, but i never seen it before in the hiragana list.\n 2. ゝandゞ. What does it mean, and why there is a dakuten in the second one.\n 3. ヶ. It looks like ケ. Maybe it is ケ. I only know that it is readed か or が. Example: 藤ヶ谷 (ふじがや).\n\n― 檜原 クリスチャン",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T03:40:06.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59135",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T03:54:00.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29613",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"symbols"
],
"title": "What are these symbols?",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "In modern あいうえお, the column of わ is わいうえを, but it used to be わゐうゑを. The\npronunciation of these were more like \"we\" and \"way\" as opposed to the normal\nい and え sound. I didn't know this myself, but apparently these old forms have\ndisappeared as recent as 1946.\n\nゝ is a short-hand that means \"repeating the previous letter\", such as 学問のすゝめ\n(学問のすすめ). As you probably know, dakuten is composable decoration of a letter,\nand it can also decorate ゝ.\n\nヶ is an interesting one. I think its origin is at least in part katakana ケ,\nbut I can't think of other katakanas that do this. Aside from the usage in\n藤ヶ谷, which means 藤の丘, you also use ヶ to count objects, like 10ヶ.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T03:54:00.643",
"id": "59137",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T03:54:00.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3059",
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"score": 3
}
] |
59135
| null |
59137
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59158",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a mystery story I was reading, a revelation is uncovered that changes the\nperception of the case. One of the characters then asks, \"では, ......\nというのですか?\". I removed parts of the actual line to avoid spoilers, but he was\ncreating a hypothesis based on the new information.\n\nAnother responds: \"そういうことになります\". My question is, why use なる in this case? Is\nthere any difference in nuance between that and そういうことです?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T04:54:39.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59139",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-07T02:27:19.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "そういうことです vs そういうことになります",
"view_count": 254
}
|
[
{
"body": "> そういうことになります\n\nis roughly 'Yes, it would mean that.', because なる means become.\n\nOn the other hand,\n\n> そういうことです\n\nbecomes 'Yes, it is.'\n\nSince they are speaking based on uncovered evidence, the evidence would mean\n-> \"that\". Also, this happens because it is an answer to a question, or in\nthis case the section of\n\n> では, ...... というのですか?\n\nAnother explanation may be that the author is trying to add a voice to a\ncharacter. He may be trying to portray a character that makes sentences overly\ncomplicated or formal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T18:42:41.393",
"id": "59158",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-07T02:27:19.973",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-07T02:27:19.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30135",
"parent_id": "59139",
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"score": 2
}
] |
59139
|
59158
|
59158
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Do these type of expressions mean that something is being perceived or that\nsomething is producing said sound/smell/etc?\n\nFor example, in the Weblio website I saw \"門を叩く音がする\" translated as \"There is a\nknock at the door\". But \"足音がする\" is translated as \"I hear footsteps.\"\n\nSo does \"音がする\" mean \"(I) hear a sound\" or \"There is a sound/(Something) makes\na sound\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T05:45:57.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59142",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T06:15:41.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Usage of する for the five senses - 音がする, 匂いがする, etc",
"view_count": 235
}
|
[] |
59142
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a little bit confused , I tried to find a good answer of how to say 2 days\nleft +verb like 2 days left and will start dieting or 2 minutes left and will\nbe ready or 14 days left and will finish the fasting I tried to find a good\ntranslation for what I'm talking about and here it is (断食終えるまであと14日だよ) I don't\nknow if it's natural or not ? please help",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T09:00:02.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59145",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-03T01:46:37.120",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-01T16:11:57.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "30138",
"owner_user_id": "30138",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How do you say \" 14 days left and will finish the vacation \"?",
"view_count": 645
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you can say about the next event. For example, after the vacation is\nthe exam, so you can say 「試験まであと14日だよ。」(14 days left to the exam) instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T15:07:54.157",
"id": "59152",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T15:07:54.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30061",
"parent_id": "59145",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59145
| null |
59152
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59150",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「武士は特別にえらいのだ。百姓や町人が、その武士と同じように名字をつけることはけしからん。」 **士· 農· 工·\n> 商という身分のきまりはこんな小さなことにまではっきりとあらわれていたのです。**\n>\n> 士· 農· 工· 商という身分のきまりはこんな小さな **ことにまで** はっきりとあらわれていたのです\n\n* * *\n\nあの「ことにまで」はどうやって理解するんですか。\n\n「こんな小さなこと」が「名字」を指していると思っています。\n\nStackexchangeには「までに」に関する文法に関する質問がありますけど、\n\n[Verbs with までに can they\nwork?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41392/verbs-\nwith-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AB-can-they-work)\n\n[How does までに work with\n少しずつ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/48726/how-\ndoes-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AB-work-\nwith-%E5%B0%91%E3%81%97%E3%81%9A%E3%81%A4)\n\n[What's the difference between まで and\nまでに?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/40823/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7-and-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AB)\n\n以上の3つの質問は時間や動詞の時制に関するので、この質問に関係がないはずです\n\n[what does までに mean in this\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/53963/what-\ndoes-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AB-mean-in-this-sentence)\n\nこの質問のこたえによると、ここにある「にまで」は参考などの意味を認めているので、この質問にの関係があるはずです。\n\n* * *\n\n質問は、\n\nあの「にまで」は［による］などの意味を含んでいますか。\n\nなお、この句を\n\n> 士· 農· 工· 商という身分は名字がつけられるかどうかによってきめる\n\nとして理解してもいいですか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T11:27:59.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59147",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-05T03:42:38.033",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「ことにまで」についての質問です",
"view_count": 263
}
|
[
{
"body": "含んでいないし、理解してもいけません。\n\n「に」は「あらわれる」の場所を表しています。「こんな小さなこと」は「百姓や町人が武士と同じように名字をつけてはいけないこと*」\nを指していて、身分の決まりという一般原則を、百姓や町人が名字をつけられないことという具体例の中に見ることができるということです。\n\n「まで」は「も」と同じです。\n\nなお、「百姓や町人が武士と同じように名字をつけられない」というのは、単に公文書に名前を書くときは名字の代わりに自分の村や務めている店の名前を書くということであって、名字がないということではありません。また、百姓や町人であっても武士の養子になれば制約を突破できます。",
"comment_count": 14,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T12:36:45.687",
"id": "59150",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-01T12:36:45.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
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] |
59147
|
59150
|
59150
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59167",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does _ni naranai_ mean below?\n\n> [提出]{ていしゅつ}に[遅]{おく}れた[場合]{ばあい}は[減点]{げんてん} **にならない** \n> teishutsu ni okureta baai ha genten ni naranai\n\n\"Points will not be deducted if there is delay in submission\" - is that\ncorrect?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T16:14:58.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59153",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-02T07:09:34.747",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-02T05:18:11.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7334",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「にならない」",
"view_count": 3107
}
|
[
{
"body": "## Is your translation correct?\n\nYes, your translation \"Points will not be deducted if there is a delay in\nsubmission\" is a correct one.\n\n## 「〜にならない」とは？\n\nFor a more literal translation to address your question about the meaning of\nにならない\n\n * 提出に遅れた場合は\n\n> In the event (case) of a late submission\n\n * （結果が）減点にならない\n\n> (the outcome) will not be a point deduction.\n\n## Explanation\n\nI imagine some confusion might stem from the question, 何が何にならない？. In your\nexample, 何が減点にならない？ In many cases where this isn't explicit, the 何 in 何が can\nbe thought of as \"reality\", \"result\", \"outcome\", etc., and this is understood\n-- \"(the result) will not be a point deduction\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T07:03:51.960",
"id": "59167",
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59153
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59167
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59167
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "私にまかせてください。I only know に as a destination particle.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T16:48:33.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "I don’t understand the use of the particle に in the following sentence",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 私にまかせてください。\n\nis translated to 'Please leave it _to_ me.'\n\nThe _to_ in the sentence there is the destination particle.\n\nIt would be the same in\n\n私にください (Please give it _to_ me)\n\nor\n\n私に話してください (Please talk _to_ me)。\n\nに can be used as a destination particle OR a indirect object reference.\n\nI hope this helps.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T18:49:11.493",
"id": "59159",
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59155
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59159
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59161",
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"body": "These words bug the heck out of me due to their multiple readings, and I\nhaven't found anything that addresses this problem. Thus, I am going to\nattempt to compile a list of the ones I'm having trouble with. Please point\nout any error should you see one, as I guarantee there shall be many. The\nfollowing definitions are secretly stolen from the dictionary I am using\n(ルミナス, 研究社). Here the focus is on how they should be read as a single word\nalone.\n\n**縁:** へり・ふち・ゆかり・よすが\n\n 1. **へり**\n\n> 物の端{はし} edge；布{ぬの}や着物の hem；コップや茶碗{ちゃわん}など円形の物の brim；畳{たたみ}などの border\n\n 2. **ふち**\n\n> へり edge； 一般に物の周辺 fringe；崖{がけ}などの brink；眼鏡･帽子の rim；コップなどの brim; 額縁{がくぶち}\n> frame \n> 例：池の*縁{ふち}(or *縁{へり})； 縁なし・金縁{きんぶち} の眼鏡 \n> ***See below. Could be that only one reading is correct.**\n\nAnd now a quotation from our buddy, _goo辞書_ :\n\n>\n> 「机のふち（へり）に手をつく」「茶碗のふち（へり）」「崖のふち（へり）」のように、物のまわりやまぎわの部分の意では、相通じて用いられる。◇「ふち」には「目のふちを赤くする」とか、「眼鏡のふち」「額\n> (がく)\n> ぶち」のような、回りの枠をいう使い方もあり、この場合は「へり」は用いない。◇「へり」は、「船べり」「川べり」のように平らなものの周辺部をいうことが多く、さらに周辺部につける飾り物などの意まで広がる。「リボンでへりをつける」「畳のへりがすり切れる」\n\nRough translation: \nFor the edge or brim of things like `desks, rice bowl, teacup, cliffs`, etc.,\n**both readings (へり & ふち) are interchangeable**. However, for things that has\na `rim, frame`, and so on, use **ふち** (or **ぶち** as a suffix). As for **へり**\n(or **べり** as a suffix), you want to use it for the border of `flat stuff`, or\n`adornments added to the border of... stuff`.\n\n 3. **ゆかり** \nThe definition seems to overlap with 縁{えん}, a reading I won't bring up.\n\n> 繋{つな}がり connection；血縁関係 relation \n> 例： \n> a.) 彼女は私には **縁** （？）も*ゆかりもない。 _She has no relation to me._ \n> b.) ここは『蝶々夫人』*ゆかりの地である。 _This place is noted in connection with Madame\n> Butterfly._ \n> ？ **I do not know how in the world to read this one.**\n\n 4. **よすが**\n\n> 思い出させる物･事 reminder；助け help；手段 means \n> 例： \n> a.) 亡き友が*よすがにと残した詩集 _a collection of poems my dead friend left as a\n> reminder of them_ \n> b.) 身を寄せる*よすがもない。 _I have nowhere to go for help._\n\n* * *\n\n**端** : たん・は・はし・はな\n\n 1. **たん** (standalone) \nNo definition is given, but this reading seems to go with **を発する** only.\n\n> 例： \n> a.) その革命は何に*端を発したのか。 _What triggered the revolution?_ \n> b.) 夫婦げんかはつまらない事に*端を発することが多い。 _A quarrel between a couple often originates\n> in trifles._\n\n 2. **は**\n\n> edge \n> 例：山の*端 _a mountain ridge_\n\n 3. **はし** \nAgain, seems to overlap with は to me.\n\n> 末端 end；隅 corner；縁 edge \n> 例： \n> a.) 彼は一番前の列の*端に座った。 _He sat at the end of the front row._ \n> b.) 机の*端にはインクのしみがついていた。 _There was an ink stain on the corner of the desk._\n\n 4. **はな**\n\n> 始まり the beginning；出発点 the start；最初 the first \n> 例：そんなことは*はなから知っていた。 _I knew it from the beginning._\n\n*These two have their own entries: **はした金{がね}** small sum (of money)； **端数{はすう}** fraction\n\n* * *\n\n**Bonus confusion** :\n\n> 「`側`」―When read as **がわ** , it means \" **side** ,\" and the reading **かわ** is\n> becoming less common even when you see 側 alone. When read as **そば** , it\n> means \" **a place close to something/somewhere**.\" For **側{がわ}** , kanji is\n> usually written, whereas **そば** is written in kana.\n\n* * *\n\n**Questions:** \nIs this list up to date with modern conventions? Are some of these readings\nreplaced by another nowadays? Which readings are usually written in kana, and\nwhich in kanji?\n\n* * *\n\n**TIL** : 畳の縁{へり}を踏んではいけません。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T18:29:43.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "縁＆端: Are these readings still relevant?",
"view_count": 327
}
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[
{
"body": "This question is probably worth a research paper or at least a blog post but\nhere’s my attempt anyway.\n\nI checked the Kodansha’s Learner dictionary (based on The Kodansha Kanji\nDictionary), which seems to give only the most relevant information.\n\n* * *\n\nfor `縁`: On reading is `エン`, both in compounds and standalone\n\nKun is `ふち`. these examples are given for it:\n\n> ふち EDGE, verge, brink, border, side; frame; hem, fringe\n>\n> 縁取り ふちどりbordering, hemming\n>\n> 盆の縁 ぼんのふち edge of a tray\n>\n> 額縁 がくぶち (picture) frame\n\n`ゆかり`and `ゆり` are listed as nanori only. other readings are not mentioned, so\nyou can probably ignore them unless you read some old texts\n\n* * *\n\nfor 端, the article is quite long so I won’t quote it all but here’s what it\nmentions for `は`:\n\n> は¹ 端 edge, border\n>\n> 山の端 やまのは edge [brow] of mountain\n>\n> は² 端 [in compounds]odd thing, fragment, piece—historically sometimes\n> interchangeable with 葉, as in the word はがき, which is now always written 葉書\n>\n> 端数 はすう fraction, odd sum\n>\n> 半端 はんぱ fragment, odd item; incompleteness\n>\n> 下っ端 したっぱ underling, subordinate\n\nand `はた`;\n\n> はた 端, -ばた -端 [also suffix]edge, side\n>\n> 池の端で いけのはたで near [by] the pond\n>\n> 道端 みちばた roadside, wayside",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-01T22:43:26.580",
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59157
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59161
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59161
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59163",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[「～いかんによらず」](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=ikanniyorazu) means\nwithout regard to X.\n\n> ～いかんによらず ＝ ～いかんにかかわらず\n>\n> ＝ ～いかんを問わず\n>\n> 意味 ：～が **どうであるか** に関係なく\n\nIt seems like ～がどうであるかに関係なく ＝？ Without regard to whether something is probably\nX.\n\nIs「どうであるか」similar to「どうであろう」or「どうだろう」? If not, how do they differ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-01T23:10:43.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59162",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does 「どうであるか」mean?",
"view_count": 975
}
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[
{
"body": "> ～がどうであるかに関係なく\n\nMeans (very literally)\n\n> Unrelated to how ～ is\n\nI am going to assume that you have seen constructions like `〜はどうですか` or\n`最近どうですか`, but just in case, [どう](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95)\nis generally translated as \"how\". The above might be`How about/How is ~?` and\n`How have you been doing recently?`, respectively.\n\n`～がどうであるか` is a subordinate clause literally meaning `how ～ is`. You can read\nmore about the uses of subordinate clause questions in Japanese\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/question.html#part3), but what is\nimportant here is that `である` is the verb for `be` and `どう` is our \"how\". `か`\nmarks the whole thing as a question subordinate clause, giving us:\n\n> (～がどうであるか) に関係なく\n\nI am unsure where you are getting \"whether something is probably X\" from, but\nthe way to express \"without regard to whether something is X\" would be\n\n> ～がXかどうかに関係なく\n\n`どうであろう` and `どうだろう` are both entirely different constructions (as is `かどうか`).\nThe former is used to express sentiments like \"however something may be\",\nwhile the latter is used to emphasize uncertainty in questions asking about\nhow something is. Explaining both in detail is beyond the scope of one\nquestion, but [here are some decent examples of\nどうであろう](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86&ref=sa).\n\nEdit: [Here is the most relevant question I can find on\nどうだろう](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/40128/what-is-the-\ndifference-between-%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA-\nand-%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86/40132#40132).",
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59162
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59163
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59176",
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"body": "Let's say I'm asking a question here on Stack Exchange, and finish the\nquestion by saying \"Why is this?\"\n\nIs なんでこれ the most common way of saying this? If not, what's the best\nalternative?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T08:21:09.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59168",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-03T01:41:48.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22787",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is なんでこれ the most common way of saying \"why is this?\"",
"view_count": 771
}
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[
{
"body": "Direct translations are usually not a good idea, and in general it's best not\nto ask \"how do I say this in Japanese?\" but \"what is the natural thing to say\nin Japanese that is closest to what I want?\".\n\n`なんでこれ` is definitely not what you want; it's difficult for me to articulate,\nbut it sounds like you're asking \"why this specific thing among other possible\nthings that could have been chosen?\". Somewhat like English's \"why this?\" (as\nopposed to that).\n\nThe most common structure I see for this kind of question is simply `なんで？` or\n`なんでですか？`, in something like\n\n> アメリカと日本の平均体重は全く違います。なんでですか。\n\nIf you really want to emphasize `why is this`, you can also explicitly say\n`これはなんでですか。`",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T16:00:36.460",
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59168
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59176
|
59176
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{
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"body": "**まで** vs **にかけて** のちがいは何でしょうか？ 教えてくれてありがたいです。 返事待っています。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T12:37:11.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59170",
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"owner_user_id": "30132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "までvsにかけてのちがい全くわかりません",
"view_count": 192
}
|
[
{
"body": "AからBまで： A → → → B\n\nAからBにかけて： A x x x B\n\n東京から大阪まで行った：(1) 東京を出て大阪に着いた（この場合の「まで」と「に」のちがいは「まで」は「そんなにも遠く」という感じがすることです）(2)\n「東京から大阪にかけて行った」と同じ\n\n東京から大阪にかけて行った：東京に行き、名古屋に行き、京都に行き、大阪に行った（一度の機会に行ったかもしれないし、別々かもしれない）\n\n（ちなみに、「教えてくれてありがたい」の使い方がまちがっています。まだ誰も教えてないので「教えてくれて」とは言えません）",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T04:06:37.457",
"id": "59192",
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{
"body": "英語で言うと、「かけて」はover,「まで」は、\"until\"って感じです。「かけて」のほうがその期間その動作が続いているイメージを強く持たせられると思います。\n\n一つ違う点は、「かけて」には\"by\"の使い方がないという事です。例えば、「明日五時までにここに来てください(Could you come here by\n5:00 p.m. tomorrow)」とは言えますが、「明日の五時にかけてここに来てください。」は不自然です。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-03T07:24:07.130",
"id": "59200",
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}
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59170
| null |
59192
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59309",
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"body": "Here are some examples where I saw 波 at the end of a sentence :\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/becGj.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QkD42.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T14:15:44.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59172",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-08T07:41:53.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 波 mean at the end of a sentence?",
"view_count": 430
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are asking for a meaning, but really it doesn't \"mean\" anything in and of\nitself. This is an example of someone having fun with the language. The\nintention is probably to make it sound cute. There are many instances of this\nsuch as [ふなっしー](http://funassyiland.jp/), the \"pear fairy\" mascot for\n千葉県船橋市{ちばけんふなばしし}, which is famous for its pears.\n\nHere is an excerpt from the English Wikipedia about\n\"[Funassyi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funassyi)\"\n\n> Generally, Japanese local mascot characters, known as Yuru-kyara (ゆるキャラ\n> laid-back character) or gotōchi-kyara (ご当地キャラ local character), move slowly\n> and do not speak. Instead, they are usually accompanied by an attendant who\n> speaks for them. Funassyi, however, always speaks for itself. It also often\n> shrieks, jumps, dances and makes violent movements like headbanging. When it\n> speaks, it usually ends its sentences with \"nassyi\" (～なっしー ~nasshī) which\n> sounds like the Japanese word for \"pear\" (梨 nashi).\n\nSo, as it says, ふなっしー ends its sentences with なっしー, saying things like\n\n> 今年も神戸で会いましょうなっしー!\n\nin an ad for an event in Kobe, which means\n\n> Let's meet in Kobe this year too nasshi!\n\nGetting back to the original examples, without seeing the blog(?) myself I can\nonly guess, but I have mostly seen this kind of thing with aspiring idols.\nThey pick a theme or gimmick and often shape how they speak around that.\nPerhaps this person has the kanji 波 in their name or something like that. I\ncan pretty much guarantee that it is read なみ～ but I only have my experience to\ngo on and can't prove it.\n\nGrammatically speaking, these kinds of word/sentence endings can take the\nplace of です, as would fit the examples you posted, but as you can see with the\nふなっしー example, that doesn't always hold true. **It's just a decorative way to\nend a sentence that fits the character the speaker is trying to portray**.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-08T07:41:53.537",
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59172
|
59309
|
59309
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I encountered this sentence.\n\n```\n\n 「○○とやら、渡してはならんぞ。」\n \n```\n\nThe meaning is quite obvious: “○○, you mustn’t give it to them!”\n\nThe mystery to me is the とやら there. The meaning of “somebody called ○○”\ndoesn’t fit here for me. The speaker already knows the listener’s name and\nboth of them are standing in a single place. The direct addressing itself\nshould exclude the uncertainty that やら introduces, doesn’t it?\n\nHow does the やら change the meaning there?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T14:52:38.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59173",
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"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "とやら in direct addressing",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "Without knowing more of the context and the exact relation between the\nparties, I'd say that `とやら` adds an element of disparagement/slight: \"Mr ○○ or\nwhatever was your name, you must not hand it over\".\n\nrelevant discussion: <https://hinative.com/ja/questions/97950>\n\nPossibly they're playing it up for some observer...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T15:54:19.223",
"id": "59175",
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"score": 3
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59173
| null |
59175
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59242",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been learning Japanese but I am having trouble with pronouncing a few\nsounds, including \"Tsu\" and the R sound.\n\n * When I pronounce \"Tsu\", do I say Tsk with my teeth together or make a fizzy kind of noise?\n\n * Is it correct when I pronounce \"Ra\", that I say \"Da\" when tapping the roof of my mouth? If so, how do I know if it's properly done?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T17:27:59.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59177",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Pronouncing \"Tsu\" and \"R\" sound in Japanese",
"view_count": 1633
}
|
[
{
"body": "When I pronounce \"Tsu\", I say Tsk with my teeth together and the a \"u~\".\n\nTo pronounce \"Ra\", I say \"Dra\" but the \"d\" extremely lightly. It kind of\nsounds like a Spanish \"r\", you roll your tongue (very slightly) for 1/4 of a\nsecond.\n\nReal footage helps, so it might be a lot more helpful if you look t some\nJapanese pronunciation videos or even google translate.\n\nI'm a native Japanese speaker, so I hope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T16:07:08.280",
"id": "59242",
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"parent_id": "59177",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59177
|
59242
|
59242
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59182",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I love this song ハウトゥ世界征服 by NERU feat. 鏡音リンと鏡音レン. However, there is one line\nI struggle with:\n\n心の傷口を治してくれ\n\nWouldn't one say\n\n傷口の心を治してくれ\n\nInstead? Thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T18:18:24.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59178",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Translation help with の?",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[
{
"body": "心 = heart\n\n傷口 = wound\n\n心の傷口 = heart's wound\n\nを治してくれ = heal it for me\n\nWhat is unusual about the phrase as-is?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T18:41:23.813",
"id": "59179",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-02T18:41:23.813",
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{
"body": "When using the N1のN2 construction be aware that the actual thing you’re\ntalking about is N2. The relation between the nouns is that the second is a\npart (or aspect) of the first.\n\n**examples:**\n\n傷口の中 = in (the middle of) the wound ( you’re talking about part of the wound)\n\n心の傷口 = the wound of the heart (you’re talking about the heart, but focusing on\nthe wound, not the entire heart)\n\n山田さんの仕事 = the work / job of mr Yamada (You choose to focus on that aspect of\nYamada)\n\nI hope this helped you out.\n\n * N = noun",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T22:07:58.237",
"id": "59182",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "When I get confused by a phrase AのB it helps to translate it using の with a\nmeaning “of” to “B of A” (note the nouns are reverted in English).\n\nSo for 心 (heart/soul) and 傷口 (wound) then 「心の傷口」is the “wound(s) of my heart”\n\n> 心の傷口を治してくれ\n>\n> Please heal the wounds of my heart\n\nNote that Japanese doesn’t differentiate singular and plural so we just have\nto guess there. 心{こころ} typically means “heart” metaphorically like your “soul”\nrather than a literal beating organ in your body.\n\nEveryday speech often omits “の“ to avoid repetition. I imagine song lyrics may\neven go further with such creative liberties to match a musical melody. For\nexample:\n\n> 私 **の** 心傷口を治してくれ\n>\n> Please heal the wounds of my heart\n>\n> 私 **の** 心 **の** 傷口を治してくれ\n>\n> Please heal the wounds of **my** heart",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T00:19:50.790",
"id": "59247",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "59178",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59178
|
59182
|
59182
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59184",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I understand what the verb まつ (wait) means fairly clearly but my book has no\nexample of いる in a sentence and its definition seems to be similar except it\nuses が and に as particles for some reason?\n\nCould anyone give me any example of using いる and why it needs が and に instead\nof を and は.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T19:21:23.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59180",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-06-03T06:16:29.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "14608",
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"particles",
"verbs",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Differences between いる and まつ",
"view_count": 279
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think I know what you are referring to. A while ago, I was first into my\nJapanese classroom, at which point my Japanese teacher asked me something like\n「ここに5分ぐらいいますか？」, to which I was perplexed and didn't have a ready answer. The\nmain source of my confusion was the nature of Japanese 'present tense'\nexpressions also having a 'future tense' aspect. I will expound on that\nsomewhat.\n\nいる generally means 'for an animal or human to be present (exist), in general\nor in a specific location'. This can be used to imply remaining in a place as\nwell. In English we might say \"Will you be here for 5 minutes?\" rather than\n\"Would you wait here for 5 minutes?\". The same is true in Japanese. Below are\nequivalent examples of the corresponding English question in Japanese:\n\n> 5分ぐらい（私を）待ってくれませんか？ ＝ 5分ぐらい（ここに）いてくれませんか？\n\nWhile the above sentences are fairly equivalent in overall meaning, the main\ndifference is that one is transitive (active) and the other is intransitive\n(inactive).\n\nWhen using the word 待つ, this is an active process (waiting for X). Therefore\nthe particles used must reflect this (ここで待つ / 私を待つ).\n\nWhen using the word いる, this is an inactive process. You are simply 'being'.\nTherefore, the corresponding particles used would not be the same (ここにいる /\n私がいる）. Although いる seems to be more readily translatable as 'stay', rather\nthan 'be', this is a distinction that does not apply in Japanese. In this\nsense, 'stay' will also be intransitive.\n\nThe が and に are used for simple state of existence verbs like いる, while は and\nを are used for verbs where an action is being performed.\n\nWith more advanced sentence constructions the particles can be fungible (は vs.\nが, etc.). For your question, however, it would be helpful to have specific\nexamples of sentences where you are unsure of why a particular particle is\nused rather than another.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T23:56:08.207",
"id": "59184",
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},
{
"body": "まつ 待つ 待ちます means “to wait”.\n\nいる います means “to exist” (animate objects such as people and animals).\n\nある あります means “to exist” for inanimate objects and is not to be confused with\nいる.\n\nもつ 持つ 持ちます means “to hold” but both ある and 持つ can be used for “to have”. This\nis not to be confused with 待つ even though the sounds and kanji are similar.\n\n待っている mean to exist in wait or “waiting”\n\nThus ここで待ちます means “I will wait here”. ここで待っている means “I am waiting here”.\nここにいる means “I exist here” or simply “I am here”.\n\n**Grammar Notes** :\n\nThe use of particles に is for a place of existence and で is for a place of an\naction.\n\nIn general “verbてform-いる” is the present participle tense for an action that\nis ongoing equivalent to “verb(root)-ing” in English. It can also be used for\nhabitual actions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T04:25:21.657",
"id": "59193",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-03T04:37:34.423",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-03T04:37:34.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "14608",
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"parent_id": "59180",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59180
|
59184
|
59184
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was told that [と] can be used to indicate a condition such as \"if x, then\ny\"; however, it should have a \"natural\" nuance. For example, there's an\nexample people usually teach you: \"if you turn off the lights, it becomes\ndark\". So, i guess it indicates a condition in which there's something that's\nsupposed to be obvious. But..please, take a look at this example:\n\n> だめ。じゃないとお前さんとシーラ君の仲をテリーに言っちゃう。\n\nThe context is someone trying to get his friend to his lab, even though it's\nlate at night and he doesn't want to come. The translator made it this way:\n\n> \"if you don't come, i'll tell Terry about your relationship with Shelia\"\n\nThe [と] here it's used to indicate that kind of condition, but it doesn't seem\nsomething \"natural\" or obvious. Im poorly educated about its use, or there's\nsomething more than i don't know?\n\nThank you very much for reading.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-02T22:51:27.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59183",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-01T07:01:23.600",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-03T01:14:48.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27960",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と as a consequence",
"view_count": 245
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, the particle と can be used as you described. My grammar reference states\nthat\n\n> と marks a condition that brings about an uncontrollable event or state. The\n> clause following と cannot be a command, request, suggestion or invitation.\n\nSo in this case, the speaker is telling the listener that basically the\n\"natural\" consequences of not coming to the lab will be Terry learning about\nSheila. Or the condition is not coming to the lab, and the resulting state is\nTerry learning about Sheila. The と give the idea that there is nothing the\nlistener can do to change the outcome.\n\nHope that helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T04:36:24.890",
"id": "59194",
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"owner_user_id": "29183",
"parent_id": "59183",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59183
| null |
59194
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59190",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am a beginner in Japanese language and I started studying particles は and が\nand I wanted a confirmation to make sure I understand things properly.\n\nWhen it comes to saying \"I like you\", it should be \"わたしはあなたがすきです\". Am I to\nunderstand that \"わたし\" is the object in the sentence and \"あなた\" the subject? The\nuse of the particles seem to suggest so. Would a more literal translation be\n\"You are liked by me.\"?\n\nSorry for not using Kanji, I'm not yet familiar with it. I just learned\nHiragana fairly recently.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T00:04:05.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59185",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T11:48:26.300",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-05T13:49:46.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30141",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Who is the subject of すきです?",
"view_count": 604
}
|
[
{
"body": "Unfortunately there are not concrete translations for は and が. は does mark the\nsubject and が does mark the object. In other words, the は marks who/what is\ndoing the liking and が marks what is being liked.\n\nThis does not translate to \"you are like by me\". It makes decent sense in this\ncontext, but not in every context. the XはYがすきだ is not a passive construction.\n\nFor example, if you were talking about food:わたしは、ステーキがすきです。 \"the steak is\nliked be me\" doesn't make sense in English, nor is it the proper translation.\nIt simply means \"I like steak\".\n\nThe XはYがすきだ structure can be a little confusing at first, because some\nbeginners want to treat すき as a verb, but it is not.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T02:29:56.297",
"id": "59189",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-03T02:29:56.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29183",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Japanese word order is different to English. These “particles” は (pronounced\n“wa”) and が along with を are important for this.\n\nIn the example: 「私{わたし}はあなたが好{す}きです」 which translates to “I like you” we\nunderstand the grammatical roles in the sentence in English by word order.\n\nI (subject/agent) like (verb/action) you (topic/object/predicate).\n\nSo in English: “You like me” has a different meaning. In Japanese actions come\nat the end but the roles of other words in a sentence are marked by\n“particles” and “post-positions” (which is different to articles and\nprepositions). Aside: there is no “the” in Japanese and no “は” in English so\nit is difficult to translate literally sometimes (even if you unscramble the\nword order, particles add emphasis).\n\nWhile there is a more common used word order 私{わたし}はあなたが好{す}きです, the meaning\nis unchanged in あなたが私{わたし}は好{す}きです (although you might sound like Yoda). This\nflexible word order allows meaning to be preserved so have fun with song\nlyrics and haiku poetry. Often it is obvious that you are talking about what\nyou like so すしが好{す}きです means “I like Sushi” and すしが好{す}きですか？ means “(do) you\nlike Sushi?”\n\nIn this case 私{わたし} “watashi” is “I” or “me”, あなた means “you”, and 好{す}きです is\nthe verb “to like”. The particles は and が are marking their grammatical roles\nin a sentence. The phrase is translated typically as “I like you” although\n“you are likeable by me” could also be argued.\n\n**Grammar note** : 好{す}き “suki” (like) and 欲{ほ}しい “hoshii” (want) are\nadjectives (descriptions) in Japanese even though they are verbs (actions) in\nEnglish. They are combined with です “to be” to form verbs so more accurately:\n\n好{す}き(な) is “likeable” and 好{す}きです is “to be likeable” or “to like”\n\nSimilarly 欲{ほ}しい is “desirable” and 欲{ほ}しいです is “to be desirable” or “to want”\n\nWe do this in English such as the adjective “happy” used as a verb “to be\nhappy”.\n\nです is the present/future tense of “to be/will be” rather than the past tense\nでした “was”. So “liked by me” would be 好{す}きでした.\n\n**Culture note** : Japanese people don’t use あなた to address each other very\noften. While translated as “you”, it is only used between people who know each\nother very well such as romantic partners. Saying あなた to someone you’ve just\nmet can be interpreted as an expression of intimacy or romantic interest. So\nあなたが好{す}きです is appropriate but あなたはすしが好{す}きですか？ is like calling someone\n“honey” or by a nickname. It is safer to refer to people by last name\n田中{たなか}さんはすしが好{す}きですか？ I hope this might save someone from an embarrassing\nmoment in Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T03:33:56.713",
"id": "59190",
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59185
|
59190
|
59190
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59198",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Some nouns can be converted to verbs with する\n\nI'm wondering which form should be used in cases like that? Or is it same as\nin English and can be easily swapped?\n\n> 旅行するのが好きです\n>\n> 旅行が好きです\n\nAlso is there any difference about form choice when I convert these sentences\nto questions?\n\nありがとう〜",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T03:43:30.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59191",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-04T14:59:19.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "55756",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"usage",
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Nが好き vs Vのが好き what form should be used?",
"view_count": 640
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are both natural and interchangeable in this simple case. But you have to\nmodify 旅行する with adverbial expressions in the former sentence, and you have to\nmodify 旅行 with adjectival expressions in the latter sentence.\n\n> * 一人で旅行するのが好きです。\n> * 一人の旅行が好きです。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T06:05:52.703",
"id": "59198",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-03T06:05:52.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59191",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "The meaning conveyed is the same do I think it is a personal choice. I think\nmost people would use the shorter phrase as there is not need to use a verb.\nStill you could use either word choice, just as you would in English. Of\ncourse, word choice also varies between social groups and formality of the\nsituation. You will still be understood using any of these in a conversation.\nFor a literal translation:\n\n> 旅行するのが好きです\n>\n> I like to travel\n>\n> 旅行が好きです\n>\n> I like travel\n\nThere also more ways to handle verbs as nouns. These are rarely used when\nthere’s a simpler option (as shown above) but it might help to understand by\nJapanese grammar handles nouns and verbs.\n\n> 旅行しているのが好きです\n>\n> I like travelling\n>\n> 旅行していることが好きです。\n>\n> I like having the experience of travelling",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T07:21:18.773",
"id": "59231",
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"last_editor_user_id": "14608",
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "59191",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59191
|
59198
|
59198
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59203",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I understand that the following words are adjectives:\n\n> 早{はや}い early/fast\n>\n> 近{ちか}い close/near\n>\n> すごい awesome/great\n\nHowever I’m unsure how to use the forms ending in 〜く such as:\n\n> 早{はや}く\n>\n> 近{ちか}く\n>\n> すごく\n\nDo these have a different meaning or usage? An explanation of the differences\nin grammatical role (if there is one) and examples of the different uses of\none of these would be helpful to understand the distinction. Examples of\npolite (〜ます) and conversational sentences would help if usage is different\nbetween them.\n\nAre these special cases? If so, are there any other commonly used examples?\n\nCan this form be used for any adjectives ending in 〜い? If so, is there an\nequivalent form for adjectives ending in 〜な?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T05:13:28.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59195",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T13:53:14.223",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"adjectives",
"adverbs",
"i-adjectives",
"adverbial"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of adjectives ending in 〜く?",
"view_count": 1303
}
|
[
{
"body": "For 近い and 近く, try to think of 近い as an adjective meaning \"close\", \"nearby\",\nand 近く as an adverb (?) meaning \"in the vicinity\".\n\n> 駅{えき}が近{ちか}いです。 \n> The station is nearby.\n>\n> 駅{えき}は、スーパーの近{ちか}くです。 \n> (lit)The station is in the vicinity of the supermarket = The station is\n> near the supermarket.\n\n[Source](https://www.japanesepod101.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4244)\n\nOr these examples might help from [Reddit\ndiscussion](https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/20ipcl/%E8%BF%91%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AEx_vs_%E8%BF%91%E3%81%84x/):\n\n近くのコンビニに行こう -- Let's go to the nearby convenience store.\n\n近いコンビニに行こう -- Let's go to the close convenience store.\n\n**Update** :\n\nReally nice article about [すごく vs すごい](http://www.japaneseammo.com/you-may-be-\nusing-sugoi-and-kakkoii-wrong/)",
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"body": "It is simply the adverbal forms of adjectives.\n\nFor い-adjectives, the ending is changed to く:\n\n> 早｛はや｝い 早｛はや｝く\n>\n> 強｛つよ｝い 強｛つよ｝く\n>\n> 楽｛たの｝しい 楽｛たの｝しく\n>\n> すごい すごく\n\nFor な-adjectives, a に is added to the end:\n\n> きれい きれいに\n>\n> 本当｛ほんとう｝ 本当｛ほんとう｝に\n>\n> にぎやか にぎやかに\n\nThe only exception I can think of at the top of my head is いい -> よく (comes\nfrom よい)\n\nSome examples:\n\n> ご飯｛はん｝を早く食｛た｝べなさい！ = Eat (finish) your food quickly!\n>\n> 部屋｛へや｝をきれいにしました。 = I made my room clean.\n>\n> ご飯はいつもすごく美味｛おい｝しく作｛つく｝ってくれます。 = She always makes very delicious food.",
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"body": "In the following sentence:\n\n> 彼女はそれを手に入れるためにありとあらゆる方法を試みた。 \n> She tried every possible means to get it.\n\n**と** is preceded by **あり** , which I take to be the **verb stem of ある**. I do\nnot see what this **ありと** adds to the sentence.\n\nUsually, when I see a **と** that I cannot immediately identify, my first\nattempt is to think of it as either a *conditional marker, or a *particle that\nconnects two clauses to describe a sequential past event. One of them usually\napplies. \n*Layman's attempts at describing grammar\n\nHowever, in both of the abovementioned cases, と has to follow the dictionary\nform of verbs, not the stem. Therefore, this is something different.\n\nCould someone please help me identify what this grammar point is?\nよろしくお願いいたします！",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-03T06:48:52.690",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "あり+と: What does と do when preceded by a verb stem?",
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"body": "「あり **と** あらゆる」 means the same as 「あり **と** ある」 -- \" ** _every single ~~_** \",\n\" ** _every possible ~~_** \", etc.\n\nSo, what is this 「と」? As usual, monolingual dictionaries are our best friends.\n[大辞林 says under definition - ⑩ for case\nparticles](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A8-579147#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88):\n\n> ⑩\n> 「…と…」の形{かたち}で、同一{どういつ}の動詞{どうし}を重{かさ}ね意味{いみ}を強{つよ}める。現代語{げんだいご}では限{かぎ}られた言{い}い方{かた}としてしか用{もち}いられない。\n> 「あり－あらゆる人{ひと}」 「生{い}き－し生{い}ける物」\n\nmeaning:\n\n> ⑩ It links the same verb to emphasize its meaning in the form of 「…と…」. In\n> modern Japanese, it is only used in limited (idiomatic) expressions.\n> 「あり－あらゆる人」 「生き－し生ける物」\n\nThus, it might be faster to remember 「ありとあらゆる」 as a fixed expression rather\nthan analysing it grammatically as this 「と」 is not even used outside of these\nidiomatic expressions.\n\nThe other example 「生き **と** し生けるもの」, by the way, means \" ** _all animate\nthings_** \". A cool phrase to know if you ask me.",
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"body": "What is the level of formality of this expression? Is this a set expression or\ndoes it follow after a more generic grammatical pattern? Example sentences\nwould be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-03T07:45:49.913",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "How is「言わんとする」normally used?",
"view_count": 271
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"body": "I am not familiar with the expression and have never seen it before so\nhopefully a native can chime in but I could find the following information:\n\nfrom _Daijisen_ by Shogakukan:\n\n> ん［助動］\n>\n> ［助動］《推量の助動詞「む」の音変化》活用語の未然形に付く。\n>\n> １婉曲的表現を表す。「あらんかぎりの力を出す」\n>\n> ２ （「んとする」の形で）意志・推量の意を表す。「言わんとすることはわかった」\n\n* * *\n\nmy attempt at translation (using also examples from ALC/Eijiro\n\n> ん [auxiliary verb] (jodoushi)\n>\n> thought to be a sound change of the auxiliary verb `む`. attaches to the\n> mizenkei form (nai stem)\n>\n> 1. represents an euphemistic expression(?) 「あらんかぎりの力を出す」(possibly “to\n> struggle with all one’s might” )\n>\n> 2. in the form 「んとする」: expresses a meaning of volition or conjecture (?)\n> 「言わんとすることはわかった」- “I understood what you were trying to say/ what you mean”\n>\n>\n\nAdditionally, _Daijirin_ by Sanseido has this article:\n\n> んと•する\n>\n> （ 連語 ）\n>\n> 〔「むとす」の口語形〕\n>\n> ① まさに、そうなろうとしている。 「まさに天を衝か－・する意気込み」\n>\n> ② そうするつもりだ。そうしようとする。 「国政を改革せ－・する決意」\n\n* * *\n\n> rengo (phrase/compound word)\n>\n> colloquial form of `むとす`\n>\n> 1. as if trying to become like smth. in reality\n>\n\n>\n> 「まさに天を衝かんとする意気込み」 Enthusiasm as if trying to actually pierce the sky (?)\n>\n> 2. intend to do smth, or trying to do it.\n>\n\n>\n> 国政を改革せんとする決意\n>\n> resolve to reform the national politics\n\n* * *\n\nactually, now that I looked up `むとす`, EDICT/jisho also lists it together with\n`んとする` and `んとす` with the following definition:\n\n> 1. to be trying to (after a -nai stem)\n>\n> 2. to be just about to\n>\n>\n\nFrom the examples in Eijiro, `言わんとする` does not seem to have an inherent\npoliteness level, however Daijirin claims it’s colloquial, so probably not for\nvery formal situations.",
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"body": "> What is the level of formality of this expression?\n\nI think it can be either very formal or rather informal. You wouldn't used it\nin very casual conversation. In casual, colloquial conversation you'd more\noften hear 「言おうとする」 or 「言いたい」, as in:\n\n> 「お前の **言いたい** ことはわかる。」 \n> 「何を **言おうとしてる** のかわからない。」\n\n> Does it follow after a more generic grammatical pattern?\n\nIt's very often used in the form of 「XXの/XXが + 言わんとする + ことorところ」「何を + 言わんとする +\nか」, eg:\n\n> 「あなたが **言わんとすること** はよくわかります。」 \n> 「著者の **言わんとするところ** を的確に捉えねばならない。」 \n> 「この詩が **何を言わんとし** ているのか、わかりますか。」 \n> ✕「僕がお礼を言わんとすると、～～」 → ◎「僕がお礼を言おうとすると、～～」 \n> ✕「今、何か言わんとした？」 → ◎「今、何か言おうとした？」",
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"body": "I've started playing a visual novel and came across this sentence in the first\nminute of, in lack of a better term, gameplay.\n\n>\n> 学校【がっこう】の軍隊【ぐんたい】が出陣【しゅつじん】してもう二週間【にしゅうかん】たったけれど、全然【ぜんぜん】戻ってくる【もどってくる】気配【けはい】ない。大丈夫【だいじょうぶ】なのかな。\n\nI know that this roughly translates to:\n\n> Although the school's armed forces left 2 weeks ago, there's still no sign\n> of them returning. I wonder if they're alright.\n\nThe problem I have is with the tense. My teacher taught me that Japanese tense\nis realised by the last verb in the sentence. So why does たつ take たった here?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KawRj.png)",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-03T09:45:19.613",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"tense"
],
"title": "What does this sentence mean exactly?",
"view_count": 130
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"body": "Aha! It sounds like you've been told that verbs in Japanese are conjugated\nonly at the end of a sentence--e.g., if you want to put a verb in the middle\nof a sentence, it should be in て form, and then the tense of the sentence is\ndetermined by the conjugation of the final verb.\n\nThis isn't true. It's sort of true for clauses, however, and this sentence has\ntwo clauses separated by a disjunctive (けれど). As in English, it's totally fine\nand common in Japanese to take two separate thoughts which could exist as\nstandalone sentences and combine them into one sentence with \"but.\" For\nexample:\n\n> 東京に行った。寿司は食べなかった。\n\nI went to Tokyo. I didn't eat Sushi.\n\n> 東京に行ったけど、寿司は食べなかった。\n\nWhat's different in Japanese is that it's less common than in English to\ncombine clauses with an explicit nondisjunctive conjunction, hence the common\nbeginner mistake of using と to combine clauses. That's when you use て form:\n\n> 公園に行って、犬を見た。\n\nI went to the park and saw a dog.\n\n> 公園に行ったけど、犬を見なかった。\n\nI went to the park but didn't see a dog.\n\nIs this what you were asking?",
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"body": "What is the difference between the two sentences?\n\n「その特のなぞを解くに、自分の頭を働かせた。」\n\n「その特のなぞを解くに、自分の頭を使った。」",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-03T09:54:07.547",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What is the difference between「働かせる」and 「使う」?",
"view_count": 104
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{
"body": "Both sentences have the same meaning, as in \"using my brains\".",
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"body": "I saw a sentence that got me thinking―what if I used **きり** here instead?\n\n> 彼女はこの前会っ **てから** ずいぶん変わった。 \n> (*て form required)\n\nThen, I replaced **から** with **きり** , and asked on HiNative.\n\n> X彼女はこの前会っ **たきり** ずいぶん変わった。\n\nI was told this sentence was wrong. However, I thought this was probably\ncorrect before posting it, because I had found this sentence on\nJapanesetest4you beforehand:\n\n> 翌朝、彼女はホテルを徒歩で出かけたきり、二度と姿を見せないのです。\n\nHere, **きり** follows the **past tense** of the verb **出かける** , and is then\nfollowed by a clause which explains what has taken place since the event in\nthe previous one. If this sentence is correct, I do not see why the one I made\nusing **きり** in place of **から** isn't.\n\n皆様にいつも色々お世話になっておりますが…またご教授をお願いいたします。",
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"tags": [
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],
"title": "きり and から: When the meaning \"since\" is used, how do they differ?",
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{
"body": "「きり」 and 「から」 are _**very**_ different in meaning/usage and the way they are\ngrammatically attached to verbs.\n\n_**Meaning/Usage:**_\n\n「から」 is the _**plain and neutral**_ \"since\". An event occurred sometime in the\npast and since then, something may or may not have changed. Another event may\nor may not have taken place since then.\n\n「きり」 is highly _**negative (and often emphatic and even emotional)**_ in\nnature. An event occurred in the past and since then, the things one would\nhave expected to occur have not occurred as of the present moment. The speaker\nis often expressing regrets about things not having turned out the way s/he\nhad hoped for.\n\n_**Grammar:**_\n\n「から」 attaches to the _**te-form**_ of a verb.\n\n「きり」 attaches to the _**past tense form**_ of a verb.\n\nNow, let us study your example sentences.\n\n> 「彼女{かのじょ}はこの前会{まえあ}って **から** ずいぶん変{か}わった。」 (\"She has changed so much since\n> we met the last time.\")\n\nIt is a perfectly-formed sentence. 「から」 is being used correctly both\ngrammatically and meaning-wise.\n\nMoving onto the next sentence:\n\n> 「彼女はこの前会った **きり** ずいぶん変わった。」\n\nThis sentence makes practically no sense in my Japanese brains, which is why I\nam being unable to provide a translation. People can change either faster or\nmore slowly than others might expect. Thus, 「から」 needs to be used instead\nhere.\n\nOnly when talking about \" _ **no action or change for too long**_ \", 「きり」 can\nbe used properly.\n\nA correct and natural-sounding sentence using 「きり」 would be something like:\n\n> 「ミドリさんは8年前{ねんまえ}アフリカへ行{い}った **きり** 一度{いちど}も日本{にほん}に戻{もど}ってきていません。」\n>\n> \"Ever since Midori went to Africa 8 years ago, she has never returned to\n> Japan.\"\n\nThis sentence is valid because it talks about the situation that the speaker\ncould not have anticipated 8 years ago. This is the type of\nfeeling/emotion/regret, etc. that 「きり」 can express almost single-handedly.\nPlain and neutral words like 「から」 would not have that kind of \"power\".\n\nIf you replaced the 「行ったきり」 by 「行ってから」, you would still have a \"grammatically\ncorrect sentence\", but the new sentence using 「から」 would lack the intended\nnuance of regret/surprise, etc. The new sentence would sound as if the speaker\nhad actually expected that Midori would never return home.\n\nFinally, the sentence:\n\n> 「翌朝{よくあさ}、彼女{かのじょ}はホテルを徒歩{とほ}で出{で}かけた **きり** 、二度{にど}と姿{すがた}を見{み}せないのです。」\n>\n> \"Ever since she walked out of the hotel the following morning, she has not\n> shown up.\"\n\nsounds good and natural because it looks as though this woman had mysteriously\n\"disappeared\". That is news enough to talk about using a 「きり」.",
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"body": "For example, テレビをみませ is \"I will watch TV\". I would like to say なにをテレビをみますか but\nI'm not sure the double を makes any sense, for example in なにをみますか the person\nmay answer テレビ but I want to know what is on the TV that they watch?\n\nEX2:\n\n> としょかんでほんをよみませ \n> I will read book/s in the library. \n> なにをほんをよみますか \n> What book/s will you read?\n\nEDIT: Note that I am not looking for an adjective answer like good, scary,\nfantasy, but the specific name of the book/show.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-03T15:42:00.867",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "How do I ask about the specifics of a general activity (like watching TV, reading) with correct grammar?",
"view_count": 466
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{
"body": "First of all it should be テレビをみま **す**. You did this twice, so I'm assuming it\nwasn't a typo.\n\nYou wrote:\n\n> なにをテレビ **を** みますか\n\nYou're intuition is correct that you cannot use を twice. For this you use the\nparticle で, which means 'on' in this context:\n\n> 何{なに}をテレビ **で** 見{み}ますか。\n\nUsing を doesn't make sense because you are not watching the TV, you're\nwatching a programme **on** TV. Using を with なに is correct because the answer\nto the 'what' question is the thing that will be watched.\n\nIn your second example you wrote:\n\n> なに **を** ほんをよみますか\n\nBoth 'what' and 'book' are valid objects on their own (\"What will you\nread?\"/\"Will you read a book?\"), but not together. The sentence \"What book\nwill you read?\" has a single object which is \"what book\". In this case you can\nsay something like:\n\n> 何{なん}の本{ほん}を読{よ}みますか。\n\nAside:\n\nIf you did want to ask \"What **kind of** book will you read?\" as in\nscary/fantasy etc., It would be:\n\n> どんな本を読みますか。",
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59209
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59218",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In 時をかける少女, the mother ask her daughter to bring something to her aunt, and\nthen add this:\n\n> いつになったら結婚するのかも聞いといてね\n\nWhich I understand as : \"Ask her also when is she gonna marry someone!\"\n\n(When-become-when²-marriage-do- and then i'm lost with のかも like, is it\nの\"emphasis female term or language\" + \"か question mark particle\" and then \"も\nalso\" ? or the word \"かも\" as \"may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly\" ?)\n\nOh and why is 聞いて with a と here? \"Go ask\" ? \"聞いといて ! \" ?\n\nI haven't learned this yet, so sorry.. or can you guys link me a page where i\ncan learn this?\n\nThanks a lot !",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T18:54:29.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59213",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-03T21:55:44.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29927",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"particle-も",
"sentence-final-particles",
"particle-か",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Is it かも？ Or some particles? I'm lost with this sentence!",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "parse it like this:\n\n> 「いつになったら結婚するのか」 **も** 聞いといてね\n>\n> Oh, and **also** ask (her) when is she planning to get married.\n\n**Edit** : for `のか` used as ending of question sentences, check [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18994/3295)\n\nP.S. `聞いといて` is colloquial for `聞いておいて`. I think we have other questions on\nthe `〜ておく` form but I don’t have a link handy.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T21:48:16.467",
"id": "59218",
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"last_editor_user_id": "3295",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "59213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59213
|
59218
|
59218
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59216",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: a boxer is fighting against a defensive opponent that aims to win on\npoints rather than KOs. The trainer of the boxer says:\n\n> 守りも決定打を放つためのもの… ぶっ倒す欲のねェボクサーなど存在しねェし相手の **デコ助** も例外じゃねェ。 **デコ助**\n> から狙うべきカウンター…ガキはもう見抜いてる。\n\nI thought that デコ could be an abbreviation for `decoy`, but I am not sure. 助\nis `help`, but I have no idea how to interpret it together with デコ. Also, I'de\nbe grateful if you could explain if that から means `from` or `after`. My\nattempt:\n\n> Even defense could be used to blow a decisive punch... A boxer that doesn't\n> want to knock down doesn't exist, and the opponent's __ is not an exception.\n> The boy has already understood that he has to blow a counterpunch from/after\n> the __.\n\n[Here you can see the whole page](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SDpR5.jpg). Thank\nyou for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T19:04:55.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59214",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-14T12:49:02.690",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-14T12:49:02.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"katakana",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of デコ助 in this sentence",
"view_count": 345
}
|
[
{
"body": "[Weblio\noffers](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B1):\n\n> 凸助（でこすけ） 額（おでこ）の出た人をあざけっていう。 また、人をののしっていう時もつかう。 でこぼこやろう\n\nSo basically, it's an insult for a person with large forehead(`デコ`). It has an\nadditional collision with 凸凹{でこぼこ} (odd/awkward/clumsy). See also [Goo\n(Daijisen)](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/151272/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%93%E3%81%99%E3%81%91/)\n\nIn general, `-助` can be attached to various words to make a pejorative (or\nsometimes affectionate) name/handle for someone because it's a pretty common\n[name suffix](https://jisho.org/search/*%E5%8A%A9%20%23names).\n\n * チビ助{すけ}: Shorty/Little guy\n * 寝坊助{ねぼすけ}: sleepyhead\n * 飲{の}み助{すけ}: drunkard\n\nAnother similar suffix is `-太郎{たろう}`, a stereotypical Japanese name, e.g.:\n\n * ぽん太郎{たろう}: idiot;moron (ぽんつく+太郎)\n * 悪{あく}太郎{たろう}: bad boy (to a child)\n * ハム太郎{たろう}: Hamtaro (nickname of a hamster, from `ハムスター`(hamster) + `太郎`)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T20:19:28.860",
"id": "59216",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "59214",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59214
|
59216
|
59216
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59581",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**Turning down an invitation**\n\nFor some reason I got it into my head that `すみませんがちょっと` was a way to turn down\nan invitation.\n\nBut for example say you were asked to do X at time Y, and you want to do X but\ntime Y doesn't work for you. You can say `よじはちょっと`: in this case \"4 o' clock\nis a little bit inconvenient\".\n\nWhy does one use the particle が and the other the particle は? Or am I just\ncompletely incorrect and it should be `すみませんはちょっと` all along?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T19:23:23.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59215",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-20T06:26:18.073",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-20T06:26:18.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "29590",
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Turning down an invitation: grammar question",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "This が does not denote the subject here, instead it means \"but\". \"I'm sorry,\nbut ... (insert reason, or leave it unsaid which is most common)\".\n\nFor the latter case, \"4 o'clock\" is the topic, which is why は is used. すみませんは\nis never correct, unless you want to say something completely different.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-19T15:31:57.410",
"id": "59581",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "59215",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59215
|
59581
|
59581
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone explain me the exact meaning of にわたって when used in describing\ntime/ duration? I understand its use for range when we describe space. And I\nknow it can mean something like \"over a period of\", but I saw it also means\nprolongation of time. Also, isn't 間 alone for duration? Why do we need にわたって?\n\nSo, what is the difference here:\n\n> 私は ３時間 勉強しました。 \n> 私は ３時間 **にわたって** 勉強しました。\n\nHope you'll understand what I want to say. I'm confused because for one moment\nI understand it and _poof_ it's gone.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T21:12:28.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59217",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-14T16:46:17.080",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-14T16:46:17.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "30153",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "N+にわたって/にわたり/にわたる",
"view_count": 511
}
|
[
{
"body": "にわたって and its variations emphasize that the activity covered a long (or longer\nthan expected) period. In English, the nuance is something like this:\n\n> I studied for three hours.\n>\n> I studied for _three whole hours._\n\nI feel like にわたって also has somewhat of a formal/written sound to it.\n\nA reference: [Learn JLPT N2 Grammar: にわたって (ni\nwatatte)](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%81%AB%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-ni-watatte/)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T02:56:37.223",
"id": "59226",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-04T03:01:32.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "59217",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59217
| null |
59226
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59224",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My book has one example of the use of the second one; こうこうのとき, いいがくせいでしたか\nwhich essentially is asking when you were in high school were you a good\nstudent though i am confused why こうこう instead of こうこうせい but that is a whole\nnother problem.\n\nI doubt its as simple as one is a current tense and one is a past tense when.\nperhaps one is the question when and the other is a time when?\n\nI have no idea what to tag this please fix for me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-03T23:58:03.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59219",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-05T11:31:34.950",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-04T17:11:46.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese",
"questions",
"time"
],
"title": "いつ and とき how to tell when to use which",
"view_count": 373
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're on the right track. いつ is an interrogative, a question word. It's used\nto ask when something happened or will happen, not to talk about a particular\ntime period. In English, we say:\n\n> _When_ I was in high school.\n\nIn Japanese, it's:\n\n> こうこうの _とき_\n\n(There's nothing wrong with saying こうこうせいのとき; it's just a little less common,\nprobably because it's an extra word. In English, you can say, \"Back in high\nschool\" or \"When I was in high school\" or \"When I was a high school\nstudent...\")\n\nいつ and とき are never interchangeable. For example, you can say:\n\n> じゅぎょうはいつですか。\n\nWhen is the class? If you replaced いつ with とき, the sentence would make no\nsense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T02:39:50.003",
"id": "59224",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-04T02:39:50.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "59219",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "These have different meanings:\n\n**At this time, ...**\n\nとき means “time” and can be used to state a time period. This is translated to\n“when” in the sense of “at that time in which I was”\n\n> 高校{こうこう}の **とき** 、〜\n>\n> **When** I was in high school, .... (In high school...)\n\nUsing 高校生{こうこうせい} or 学生{がくせい} for “student” is also acceptable.\n\n> 高校生{こうこうせい}の **とき** 、〜\n>\n> **When** I was a high school student, ...\n\nThis can be used with a noun:\n\n> 子供の **とき** 、〜\n>\n> **When** I was a child, ... (In my childhood...)\n\nIt can also be used with a verb or condition. In this case it’s usage is\nsimilar to ら for “if”:\n\n> お腹{なか}が空{す}いた **とき** 、〜\n>\n> **When** I am hungry, ...\n>\n> お腹{なか}が空{す}いた **ら** 、〜\n>\n> **If** I am hungry, ...\n\nSo 時{とき} is used to _state a time period_ in a subordinate clause, even if\nthat time period is hypothetical or hasn’t occurred yet.\n\n**When?**\n\nいつ is used to _ask a time period_ that the asker doesn’t know yet. いつ is only\nused in questions. 「いつですか？」 means “when?” and is used in exactly the same way\nfor times as 「何{なん}ですか？」 for “what?”.\n\n> 高校{こうこう}へ行{い}くのは **いつ** ですか？\n>\n> **When** are you going to high school?\n\nNote that いつ and とき have different usage and cannot be used interchangeably.\n\n**What time?**\n\nいつ for “when?” and 何{なん}時{じ} for “what time” (what hour) can also be confused:\n\n> 昼{ひる}休{やす}みは **[何]{なん}[時]{じ}** ですか？\n>\n> **What time** is (your) lunchbreak?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T23:40:50.183",
"id": "59246",
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}
] |
59219
|
59224
|
59224
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59223",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "ビジュアルノベルを読んでいたら、次の文が出てきました。\n\n> 少女は素早く辺りを見回し、護りの構えをとる。 \n> The girl quickly takes a look around and assumes a defensive stance.\n\n質問: **どうしてこの場合「素早い」が選ばれているのですか。「早い」でもいいのでしょうか。**\n\n＊このポストは僕が初めて日本語だけで書いたものですので、誤りがあえば直してくださいませんか。",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T01:19:41.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59221",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-04T09:05:13.113",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-04T02:43:46.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "29797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"words",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "「素早い」と「早い」ってどう違いますか？",
"view_count": 565
}
|
[
{
"body": "英語の返事ですみません。\n\n「早い」 is a more general term used to mean 'fast'. It can also mean 'early', as\nin 'early in the morning' (朝早い仕事とか）.\n\n「素早い」specifically refers to the time taken to perform an action - an English\nequivalent adverb would be 'quickly', but also would mean 'deftly' or\n'nimbly', and I would say in my experience implies a degree of efficiency - in\nyour example, the girl's quick judgement of the situation.\n\nThey have slightly different applications, and although I would say they are\ninterchangeable in this instance without sounding _too_ off, 素早い is a bit more\nprecise.\n\nHope this helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T02:11:22.760",
"id": "59223",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-04T02:11:22.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "In such cases it helps to consult a monolingual (kokugo) dictionary. For\nexample, here's the [definition from\nDaijirin](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%B4%A0%E6%97%A9%E3%81%84-542997):\n\n> ① 動作や行動が早い。敏捷{びんしよう}だ。手早い。 「動作が－・い」 「ボールを－・く投げ返す」\n>\n> ② 理解や判断が早い。 「彼の真意を－・く見抜く」 「経済の動きを－・く読み取る」\n\n* * *\n\n> 1. Fast of movement or action. Nimble. Agile.\n>\n\n>\n> 「動作が素早い」 [one's] movement(s) are fast\n>\n> 「ボールを素早く投げ返す」quickly return the ball\n>\n> 2. Quick to comprehend or decide.\n>\n\n>\n> 「彼の真意を素早く見抜く」 Quickly see through his real intentions\n>\n> 「経済の動きを素早く読み取る」Quickly grasp market movements",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T09:05:13.113",
"id": "59233",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-04T09:05:13.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "59221",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59221
|
59223
|
59223
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59225",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am attempting to translate some sentence and got some weird solutions.\n\n1) There is a post office over there. There is a bank, too. \nあそこはゆうびんきょくですあそこもぎんこうです。\n\nI guess what I am saying is there (over there) is a post office. Apparently\nthe correct solution is あそこにゆうびんきょくあります。あそこにもぎんこうあります。I am assuming in this\ncontext \"there\" is a place why can't I use wa?\n\n2) There's professor yamashita in front of high school students.\n\nWhy can't I start this sentence with やましたせんせいは isn't he the subject of the\nsentence? I think one has to write こうこうせいのまえにやましたせんせいがいます。but then I have no\nidea what the subject of the sentence is?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T01:44:16.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59222",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-05T14:13:16.210",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-04T01:47:57.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of basic sentence confused on subject placement",
"view_count": 133
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. You're missing a particle in the \"correct\" answers:\n\n> あそこにゆうびんきょく _が_ あります。\n\nThe particle に marks the location in which something exists. The particle が\nmarks the subject.\n\n 2. Professor Yamashita is the subject of the sentence. In Japanese, when the subject appears in the sentence (and very often it doesn't!), it can be marked with が or は, depending on the context. Because Prof. Yamashita is marked with が in this sentence, it implies that you weren't already talking about him; i.e., he's not the existing _topic_ (which is marked with は). Here's a valid, if stilted, conversation:\n\n> Q: やましたせんせいはどこですか。 \n> A: やましたせんせいはこうこうせいのまえにいます。\n\nI say stilted because you wouldn't really repeat the topic in the answer,\nalthough in a language class you're obviously expected to follow particular\nforms. Here's a somewhat more natural response:\n\n> A: こうこうせいのまえにいます。\n\nNote that Prof. Yamashita is the subject of this sentence even though he\ndoesn't appear in it. This is completely normal in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T02:51:54.293",
"id": "59225",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-05T14:13:16.210",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-05T14:13:16.210",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "59222",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59222
|
59225
|
59225
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59229",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So I'm a bit confused because I'm still learning Japanese, and I have learned\nthere are shortened words or small phrases that take a lot more to say in\nEnglish, so I was wondering if there is an actual saying in Japanese for when\nsomeone's eyes are wide open in surprise. I used google translate, which I\ndon't fully trust so it's not an official reference, but I got a very literal\nanswer so I'm wondering if that would be preferred.\n\nGoogle Translate:\n\n```\n\n English: I open my eyes wide in surprise\n Japanese: 私{わたし}は驚{おどろ}いて私{わたし}の目{め}を広{ひろ}く開{ひら}きます\n \n```\n\nI don't trust this answer of course, so I usually use the Japanese Dictionary,\nJisho.org, as a more trustworthy source, and it shows a phrase that seems to\nbe what I'm looking for:\n\n```\n\n 目{め}を見{み}張{は}る/me o miharu \n \n```\n\n(Link:\n[https://jisho.org/word/目を見張る](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%9B%AE%E3%82%92%E8%A6%8B%E5%BC%B5%E3%82%8B))\n\nSo would it be right to try and say the sentence (sounds like a fragment in\nEnglish, but it's for a song), \"I open my eyes wide in surprise\" like this:\n\n```\n\n 私{わたし}は目{め}を見{み}張{は}っている\n \n```\n\nPS: Also, the phrase, \"I open my eyes wide in surprise\", is meant to mean\nsomething more like the person is doing the action, thus, the te-form of the\nphrase in Japanese. Sorry for the long question, and hope it wasn't too crazy,\nthanks!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T05:38:07.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59228",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-04T16:34:44.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30159",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs",
"phrases",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Japanese phrase for \"Eyes wide open in surprise\"",
"view_count": 1055
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are a few ways to say this, and I can't guarantee I'll be of much help\nwithout knowing the full context of the song, but I can try my best. I'll\nassume there's a line that follows it, and add the romaji assuming someone\nwho's not a native speaker will be singing this (?) and would like to hear how\nit sounds:\n\n[驚いて]目を丸くして [odoroite] me wo maruku shite\n\nlit. \"My eyes go round with surprise\"\n\n[驚きに]目を見開いて [odoroki ni] me wo mihiraite lit. \"My eyes widened with surprise\"\n(a bit more fancy)\n\n[びっくりして]目を見開いて [bikkuri shite] me wo mihiraite lit. \"Startled, my eyes\nwidened\" (this sounds the best to me personally in Japanese)\n\nIt is possibly less direct, though not necessarily better (i.e. more\n'Japanese') to omit the 'surprised' in the lines I provided, so feel free to\nremove the words in the brackets if that's your thing.\n\nThe example you provided (私は目を見張っている) is definitely fine too, though it's not\nsomething I personally see used a ton in casual conversation; in a song it's\nperfectly fine, with the exception of dropping the は or even the entire 私は,\nand changing the いる to て, depending on context.\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T06:13:48.420",
"id": "59229",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I've seen theses expressions in manga/light novels, so not sure if they are\nused much in real life:\n\n * [目を見開く](https://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E8%A6%8B%E9%96%8B%E3%81%8F)\n * [目を白黒する](https://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E7%99%BD%E9%BB%92) (though this one seems to be somewhat different in meaning)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T08:34:08.350",
"id": "59232",
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"score": 1
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59228
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59232
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59238",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to write the following sentences in Japanese:\n\n> Everyday I try to have 3 non-consecutive study sessions, each taking 3\n> hours. \n> Moreover, I'm trying to make sure that I learn at least 20 unknown words in\n> each of those 3 hours.\n\nHonestly, I fear that even the English ones above may have errors and/or sound\nunnatural. In any case, below is my attempt at expressing them in Japanese:\n\n> 僕は毎日非連続的な勉強時間を三回三時間ずつしようとしています。 \n> さらに、その **三時間ずつに** まだ知らない単語を少なくとも二十個覚えるとしています。\n\n*I know they must be horrendously unnatural, and full of erroneous grammar. I am at a stage where I can somewhat read simple articles in Japanese with a dictionary handy, but can hardly even make a proper, simple sentence myself without dying a little inside.\n\n* * *\n\nMy biggest problem here is where to place **ずつ** exactly. Moreover, I am aware\nthat sometimes it can be omitted, thus making it even harder to use.\n\nIn English, if I were to say \"`I study for three hours each day`,\" **each**\nmodifies **day** instead of **hours**. However, in Japanese, it'd be something\nlike:\n\n> 一日に三時間（ずつ）勉強する。\n\n*Hopefully, this one is error-free.\n\nHere **ずつ** modifies **時間** instead. I would've put **ずつ** after **一日** if I\nhadn't seen this sentence.\n\nOn the other hand, I have little problem using **ずつ** in this situation:\n\n> 一人ケーキ一個（ずつ）取って下さい。\n\nAgain, here I believe **ずつ** is optional. In this case, **ずつ** follows **一個**\n, and I think the English equivalent can be either \"`everyone take one cake\neach`,\" or \"`each one take one cake`.\"\n\nPlease help me correct my sentences. 教えていただきたいからです、お願いいたします！\n\n*I'm not sure if this counts as a translation request, but if folks here think it does, I apologize beforehand. I'll remove it myself then.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T07:05:32.897",
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"id": "59230",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Trouble with the usage of ずつ translating my own sentences",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "You rendered \"Everyday I try to have 3 non-consecutive study sessions, each\ntaking 3 hours\" to 僕は毎日非連続的な勉強時間を三回三時間ずつしようとしています, which has 2 major problems.\n\nFirst, 勉強時間を…する doesn't really make sense. It should be 勉強時間を…持つ or 勉強を…する.\nSecond, you should use しようと思う rather than しようとする (unless this is an excuse or\nsomething, which objectively explains your situation) because you are exactly\nthe one who has the intention. You should express it subjectively. (This has\nsomething to do with problems of perspective and position like restriction for\nother person's emotion in indicative mood or usage of やる or くれる.) e.g\n私は勉強時間を非連続的に毎日三回（それぞれ）三時間ずつ持とうと思っている\n\nAs for the second sentence: \"Moreover, I'm trying to make sure that I learn at\nleast 20 unknown words in each of those 3 hours\", you should use ずつ in this\nway: その３時間 **ごと** に…単語を２０( **ずつ** )覚える. (Counter for 単語 or 言葉 can be either 個\nor the generic counter, and ずつ here is optional.)\n\nYou can express \"to make sure that\" as …ようにする, so, all in all, it's\n「さらに、その３時間ごとに、まだ知らない単語を２０個ずつ覚えるようにしようと思っている」.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"score": 2
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59230
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59238
|
59238
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59237",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "From what I understand, にして can mean \"and\" or it stresses a period of time\nduring which something happens. However, I found some sentences where the\nmeaning of にして is totally different, and so, I am not sure if I understood\ncorrectly the meaning of にして.\n\n> この曲はベ一ト一ベンのような天才にしてはじめて書ける作品だ。\n>\n> プロの職人にして失敗をするのだ。君がうまくいかなくてもしょうがないだろう。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T12:42:35.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59235",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-13T15:08:22.363",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of にして in these sentences",
"view_count": 430
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to the [デジタル大辞泉\nentry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/166889/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6/)\nfor にして, it has two separate derivations which are used in different ways.\nThere is the form derived from the indirect object particle に, which is the\nusage you mentioned that can indicate a place or time, and there is the form\nderived from the old copula なり, which is roughly equivalent in meaning to\nmodern であって, and covers the \"and\" meaning you mention.\n\nIn this case, I think we're looking at two slightly different usages of the\nであって sense. In the first usage, ベ一ト一ベンのような天才 **であって** はじめて would convey the\nsame meaning of \"only one who is a genius like Beethoven (could write such a\ncomposition)\", and the latter usage could be rephrased as プロの職人 **であっても**\n失敗をするのだ (であって on its own doesn't really work, but I guess the にして form itself\nhas enough of an emphatic nuance that the も is not necessary).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-04T13:03:01.967",
"id": "59237",
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},
{
"body": "> Nishite (or にし) \n> 1. only; just because \n> 2. although; even \n> 3. at (place, time); in (time span)\n\nAccording to Jisho.",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-05T09:22:51.957",
"id": "59255",
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59235
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59237
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{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've come across several forums online detailing that 「今朝」 sounds either very\nformal or old-fashioned in that it is not used too often nowadays. However, it\nis also the one I see most commonly used in newspaper articles and the such.\n\nMeanwhile, in the case of 「今日の朝」 or 「今日朝」, it more directly reflects the other\nstructures we use in Japanese class, such as 「土曜日の朝」 and 「今夜」.\n\nSo, which of the two (or three, if you include 「今日朝」) sounds more natural in\neveryday speech?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T12:51:46.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59236",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-06-04T13:25:42.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "27894",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"expressions",
"time"
],
"title": "Is 「今朝」 or 「今日の朝」 more natural?",
"view_count": 1458
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think in spoken language 今朝 is perfectly acceptable and certainly not less\nnatural than 今日の朝. 今日の朝 may be more colloquial than 今朝, but saying that 今朝 is\n\"very formal\" or \"old-fashioned\" seems to be taking it too far.\n\nIt might be a little far-fetched, but I think this is also reflected in corpus\ndata such as 少納言. Even though it is a corpus of _written_ Japanese, it does\ncontain data from two online sites, namely Yahoo!知恵袋 and Yahoo!ブログ, where\npeople are more likely to write as they speak.\n\nIndeed, 50 out of 60 instances of `今日の朝` come from Yahoo!知恵袋 or Yahoo!ブログ. The\nremaining 10 instances come from books, at least 5 of which are direct speech!\n\n**今日の朝**\n\n```\n\n 50 online forum / blogs\n 5 books (prose) (?)\n 5 books (direct speech)\n \n```\n\n(I disregarded false positives such as 今日の朝日新聞, etc.)\n\nAs is to be expected from a corpus about written language, these are heavily\noutweighed by instances of 今朝:\n\n**今朝**\n\n```\n\n 1767 online forum / blogs\n 832 books\n \n```\n\nHowever, these numbers seem to suggest that 今日の朝 is more colloquial than 今朝,\nsince books only use 今日の朝 0.6% of the time (in prose), whereas on online forum\n/ blogs 2.8% of the time.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T14:11:21.557",
"id": "59239",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "今朝{けさ} for “this morning” is more frequently used. I don’t think it’s more or\nless formal (both are acceptable). 今日{きょう}の朝{あさ} for “today’s morning” would\nbe understood but it’s not so commonly used. In casual speech の is sometimes\nomitted (especially to avoid repetition) so 今日の朝 and 今日朝 are interchangeable.\n\nHowever, 今日{きょう} is widely used for “today” (lit. this day) and 朝{あさ} does\ncarry the meaning of morning in words such as 朝{あさ}ご飯{はん} or 朝食{ちょうしょく} for\n“breakfast”. Thus I think it is important to learn the common readings of\nkanji such as 朝.\n\nThe の form is used for other cases such as 明日の朝 “tomorrow morning” and 来週の月曜日\n“Monday next week”. I’d use 今朝 for “morning” but this is an irregular\nexception to how time is usually described.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T14:36:21.490",
"id": "59240",
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59236
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59245",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I tried looking up へと in the sentence スカイテラスへと続く廊下。but that didn’t yield much\nresults towards my comprehension on the matter.\n\nI know the sentence means something like “The corridor lead to the sky\nterrace.” But I don’t understand why the use of へと instead of just と.\n\nI already read an answer on a similar question on StackExchange ([link to\nsource\nhere](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9343/particle-%E3%81%A8-with-%E3%81%B8-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%B8%E3%81%A8))\nbut, although I really appreciate the answers on that question, I still don’t\nunderstand it.\n\nThank you for reading and possibly helping me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-04T15:23:43.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59241",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-04T19:24:59.443",
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"owner_user_id": "29797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "「ヘト」という意味はなんですか。",
"view_count": 341
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I don’t understand why the use of へと instead of just と.\n\nOkay, let's try using \"just と\" and see what happens\n\n> スカイテラス **と** 続く廊下。\n\nI can only parse this as \"sky terrace _and_ continuing corridor\". continuing\nfrom and to where? Nobody knows. So, this sentence does not make much sense to\nme.\n\nHowever, if we take the original:\n\n> スカイテラス **へと** 続く廊下。\n\nThen it's clearly \"corridor continuing _to (towards)_ the sky terrace\", which\nmakes much more sense.\n\nAs for why `へと` instead of just `へ`, see the discussion you linked.\nPersonally, it feels like it specifies both direction and the end point, i.e.\nthe corridor continues towards and until the sky terrace, ending there.\n\nA few examples from [weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/):\n\n> Public opinion swayed **towards** declaring war on Russia.\n>\n> その前の対露開戦 **へと** 国論が傾いた。\n>\n> we ran head over heels **toward** the shelter\n>\n> 私達は一目散に避難所 **へと** 走った\n>\n> She shopped around from store **to** store.\n>\n> 店から店 **へと** 買い物をして回った",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-04T19:24:59.443",
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"score": 2
}
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59241
|
59245
|
59245
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59249",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 4. 象は 大きい。\n> 5. 象は おりに入れた。\n> 6. 象は えさをやった。\n> 7. 象は 鼻が長い。\n>\n\n>\n>\n> などの文では、「象は」はいずれも題目を示している。4の「象は」は「象が」に言い換えられるもので、事実上は文の主語を兼ねる。しかし、5以下は「象が」には言い換えられない。5は「象を」のことであり、6は「象に」のことである。さらに、7の「象は」は何とも言い換えられないものである（「象の」に言い換えられるともいう[47]）。これらの「象は」という題目は、「が」「に」「を」などの特定の格を表すものではなく、「私は象について述べる」ということだけをまず明示する役目を持つものである。\n\nThe above is a snippet from the Japanese Wikipedia page on Japanese which I am\nreading for Practise and bettering my understanding at the same time,\nespecially on grammar. I am having trouble understanding 「何とも」 here within a\nsentence from the above snippet:\n\n> さらに、7の「象は」は何とも言い換えられないものである\n\nI can understand its meaning given the context, where it effectively says that\n\"Sentence 7's [象は] is unable to be said any other way\" (i.e. you cannot change\nthe particle). But I fail to grasp a detailed understanding of 何とも in the\nsense that I know what it means (I have found many english \"translations\" of\nthe word), but I fail to find any good explanations of how the expression\nactually works, as in are the 「と」and 「も」 particles? I think they must be\nobviously, but is the 「と」here the quotation particle or the inclusion particle\netc.\n\nI would appreciate it a lot if you anyone could shed light on the origin of\nthe word with the particles which explain its meaning as it is the only way I\nwill be able to fully understand it.\n\nAny help is much appreciated, Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-04T17:23:28.817",
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"id": "59244",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-06-04T20:05:06.770",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"particles"
],
"title": "何とも Usage and Meaning",
"view_count": 505
}
|
[
{
"body": "「（～～を）XX **と** 言い換える」 means \"paraphrase ~~ **as** XX\". \n「 **何も** ・・・ない」 means \"not ... **anything** \" or \"nothing\".\n\nThe case particle と here functions like \"as\" in \"rephrase something _as_ ~~\"\nor \"with\" in \"replace/exchange something _with_ ~~\". eg 「切れた電球を新しいもの **と**\n取り替える」(\"replace a dead light bulb _with_ a new one\").\n\nThe adverbial/binding particle も, used with a negative word (「ない」), functions\nas \"any\". eg 「何 **も** 知らない」(\"don't know _any_ thing\") 「どこに **も** 行かない」(\"don't\ngo _any_ where\").\n\nSo 「（～～を） **何とも** 言い換えられない」 means \"cannot paraphrase ～～ **as anything**.\"\n\n> さらに、7の「象は」は［何とも言い換えられない］ものである。\n\nHere, 何とも言い換えられない modifies もの.\n\n> _lit._ \"Besides, the '象は' in #7 is something [that you cannot paraphrase as\n> anything].\" \n> → \"Besides, the '象は' in #7 cannot be paraphrased as anything. / cannot be\n> replaced by any other word.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-05T02:42:10.530",
"id": "59249",
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"score": 3
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59244
|
59249
|
59249
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{
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"body": "I am vaguely aware of how to use 「のために」in sentences, but I have recently\nencountered the following sentence:\n\n「日本語がわかるようになる **に** は、そんな風にゴロゴロしていないで。」\n\nWould there be any significant difference when 「に」is replaced by 「ために」? How\nare the two different and when is it more appropriate to use the other?\n\n「日本語がわかるようになる **ために** は、そんな風にゴロゴロしていないで。」\n\nAlso, 「『の』ための」is a new expression for me.\n\n説明、ありがとうございます！",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T06:31:37.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59250",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-06-05T08:53:37.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "29302",
"owner_user_id": "29302",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「『の』ための」, 「『の』ために」and 「に」?",
"view_count": 865
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe the differences concern syntax and slight changes in connotations.\nNuances can never be accurately matched to exact expressions in other\nlanguages, but take for example in English, \"so as to\" and \"in order to\" or\nmerely \"to\" that are similar ways to express cause.\n\nIn this case, the way I see it,\n\n> 「日本語がわかるようになる **に** は...」\n\ncan be translated as \"In order to be able (literally _become able_ ) to\nunderstand Japanese...\"\n\nand\n\n> 「日本語がわかるようになる **ために** は...」\n\nwhile meaning the same, could be translated as \"For the sake of becoming able\nto understand Japanese...\" and I believe it emphasizes more the desired (or,\nin general, triggered) situation.\n\n* * *\n\nAs for「~のため **の** 」,\n\nwhile「~のために」tends to be followed by a verb\n\n> 「日本語で上手になるために勉強しなければならない」\n\n\"In order to become good at Japanese you have to study\"\n\nor to be stand-alone as a single secondary clause `「あなたのために` - \"For you\" ,\n\nthe「~のための」form is followed by a noun\n\n> 「あなたのための努力」\n\n\"Efforts for your own good\".\n\nwhile with「~のために」it should be\n\n> 「あなたのために **された** 努力」\n\n\"Efforts that were made for you\", and in this syntax, a verb is required.\n\nIt would not be right to say `「あなたのために努力」X`\n\nI hope this helps. If anything seems out of place, corrections are welcome. I\nam still learning myself.",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-20T23:43:11.973",
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59250
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59613
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"body": "`受け身形, 使役形, and 使役受け身形.` These forms confuse me to no end. Therefore, I have\ndone a sort of comparison practice using these forms side by side. Each\nsentence is followed by my translation, and then a usage note underneath.\n\n> **受け身** ： \n> 僕は変なオッサンにわけのわからない問題を聞かれちゃった。 \n> _I got asked some weird question by a strange オッサン._\n\nHere the **adversarial/undesirable passive** is used. I often confuse the\nundesirable passive with the causative or the causative-passive, because I\nthink in some cases they have similar meanings, if not identical. This is why\nI include this usage in this practice.\n\n*Related topic for other beginners: [Subject and object of a passive sentence are interchangeable?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/33403/subject-and-object-of-a-passive-sentence-are-interchangeable \"Subject and object of a passive sentence are interchangeable?\")\n\n> **受け身＋てくれる** ： \n> 僕は変なオッサンにわけのわからない問題を聞かれてくれちゃった。 \n> _I got asked some weird question by a strange オッサン._\n\nAdding **てくらる/てもらう/てあげる** makes the sentence even harder to understand,\nbecause the subject and the action are further removed from each other. In\nthis sentence, my understanding is that **てもらう** is not suitable, because it\nhas the nuance of `receiving the action after you have requested it`. Although\n**てくれる** and **てもらう** can be confusing when the topic/subject is dropped,\n**てあげる** has a very specific direction instead. With **てあげる** , `the action is\ndone by the speaker for someone else`, thus making it unsuitable for this\nsentence. I'm not sure if using **てくれる** is natural though.\n\n*Related discussion & article: \na. [てくれる vs てもらう when the topic or subject is\nimplied](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/44982/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-vs-%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%86-when-\nthe-topic-or-subject-is-implied \"てくれる vs てもらう when the topic or subject is\nimplied\") \nb. [てくれる and てもらう](http://www.japanese-language.aiyori.org/article8.html \"てくれる\nand てもらう\")\n\n> **使役1** (transitive verb)： \n> 変なオッサンは僕にわけのわからない問題を答えさしちゃった。 \n> _A strange old man made me answer some weird question._ \n> *Alternative causative form: 答えさせる⇒答えさす\n\n[Tae Kim](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass \"Tae Kim\")\nlists this alternative form as a valid causative form alternative for **る\nverbs** , but not all websites do.\n\nAnother interesting point about this **-す** causative form is that \"it is not\nproductive, and can only mean make-causative.\" (Source topic: [Confusion\nbetween causatives and intransitive-\ntransitive](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4662/confusion-\nbetween-causatives-and-intransitive-transitive?rq=1 \"Confusion between\ncausatives and intransitive-transitive\"))\n\n**Edit:** Too deep a topic and too wide a scope. I think a beginner should\nstay away from the **alternative causative form, -す**. See this article:\n[Imabi](http://www.imabi.net/causativeformissues.htm \"Imabi\")\n\n> **使役2** (intransitive verb)： \n> つい最近まで、なんか変なオッサンは僕を困らせていちゃった。 \n> _A strange オッサン had been bothering me until quite recently._\n\nWith intransitive verbs, usually **に means the action is allowed for the\nperformer** , whereas **を means the performer is made to do such action**.\nHowever, note that `having two を in a clause is ungrammatical`, so に is the\nonly option in spite of context. I think ていて+しまう may be unnatural.\n\nArticle about the \"に/を + intransitive verb\" phenomenon: [With Intransitive\nVerbs](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-causative-form/\n\"Wasabi\")\n\n> **使役受け身** ： \n> 僕は変なオッサンにわけのわからない問題を答えさせられちゃった。 \n> I was forced to answer some weird question by a strange オッサン.\n\nThis meaning seems to overlap with the **1st 使役** usage. I think sometimes\neven the **undesirable 受け身** expresses the same meaning as well.\n\n**Edit:** \n**オッサン** is a word that I don't really know how to translate into English.\nPersonally, I think it is **a term of endearment** (up a notch with **おっちゃん**\n), but it could well be `offensive if used under the wrong circumstances`.\n**変なオッサン・変なおじさん** though, is probably only **derogatory**.\n\n* * *\n\nIf not too much trouble, please point out any misunderstanding and/or error.\nMoreover, if this topic counts as **proofreading** , please point it out, and\nthen I will remove it immediately.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-05T06:41:42.770",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice",
"causation",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "受け身形, 使役形, and 使役受け身形: A side by side comparison practice",
"view_count": 1312
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{
"body": "First of all, I change your sentence to more natural like\n変なオッサンは、僕にわけのわからない質問をした(A strange old man asked me some weird questions).\n\nThe passive form is 僕は変なおっさんに訳の分からない質問をされた(I got asked some weird questions by\na strange old man).\n\nIf you want to use くれる, it is 変なおっさんは訳の分からない質問を僕にしてくれた(A strange old man gave\nme some weird questions) .\n\nIf you want to use もらう, it is 僕は変なおっさんに訳の分からない質問をしてもらった(I got some weird\nquestions from a strange old man).\n\nBut くれる and もらう is a bit unnatural in this sentence because they are used for\ngood action for a speaker.\n\nThe causative form \"A strange old man made me answer some weird question\" is\n変なオッサンは僕にわけのわからない質問を答えさせた. I think 答えさせた is better than 答えさした。\n\nつい最近まで、なんか変なオッサンは僕を困らせていちゃった is unnatural but つい最近まで、なんか変なオッサンは僕を困らせていた.\n\nThe passive form(the causative passive) is つい最近まで、なんか変なオッサンに僕は困らせられていた.\nHowever it is a bit verbose. You can say it simply like\nつい最近まで、なんか変なオッサンに僕は困っていた.\n\nYour last sentence makes sense.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T15:53:41.517",
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59260
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"body": "this is my first question asked here.\n\nTranslating a bilingual version of Yotsubato! and I've got a question right\noff the bat. Three questions actually.\n\nもうすぐだ translates in the manga as \"we're almost there\" Google translates it as\n\"coming soon\" And Jisho.org has it as soon; shortly; before long; nearly;\nalmost\n\nSo did the manga add the \"we're\" for English context?\n\nThe context pertains to Yotsubato and her dad almost having arrived at their\nnew home, but is もうすぐだ ever used in the context of something like a movie\n'coming soon' like it often is used in English?\n\nFinally, it's actually written as もうすぐだぞー I am to understand the ぞー at the end\nis some sort of exclamation like to signify Yotsubato is excited to have\nalmost arrived?\n\nThanks for the help! David",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T06:44:34.830",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "もうすぐだ -- Which would be best translation?",
"view_count": 377
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{
"body": "A good translation does not just translate individual words or phrases but\nshould also sound naturally in the target language.\n\n`もうすぐ` is made from `すぐ` which means \"soon\" and intensifier `もう`, so literally\nit basically means \"very soon\". However, this phrase by itself does not make\nmuch sense in English. What is happening \"very soon\"? It expresses impatience\nand excitement of Yotsuba, so think what would an English-speaking child say\nin a similar situation. \"we're almost there!\" is not a bad choice.\n\nAdditionally, Japanese is infamous for its context sensitivity and the\ntendency to omit words which are obvious. For example, in beginner textbooks\nmany example sentences may start with `私は`, but in real-life Japanese first-\nperson pronouns are used rarely because the default mode is that you're\nspeaking in first person. So here also, both the pronoun (\"I/we\") and the\naction (arriving) are omitted because they're redundant. The full phrase with\neverything stated explicitly could possibly be: `私たちはもうすぐ到着だ`, but it's\nunnecessarily verbose and sounds unnatural, especially from a young child.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-05T08:13:04.200",
"id": "59254",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59259",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 情報の真偽を確かめるまで帰れなくなった\n\nWhat does なくなった add? I'm parsing なくなった as なくなる or the negative form of なる to\nbecome. So loosely it sounds like, \"you will lose the ability to leave\"。\n\n> 情報の真偽を確かめるまで帰れない\n\nIs this the same or correct when just using ～ない, not allowed to leave？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T07:00:59.920",
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"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "30106",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"negation"
],
"title": "Using ～なくなった vs. ～ない",
"view_count": 633
}
|
[
{
"body": "The verb 「なる」, which is a key verb in the language, always describes a change\nof state as in:\n\n・A turns into B.\n\n・A becomes more/less (adjective).\n\n・Situation A changes to situation B.\n\n> 「情報{じょうほう}の真偽{しんぎ}を確{たし}かめるまで帰{かえ}れなく **なった** 。」\n\nThis sentence talks about a (fairly recent) change of state as below:\n\n**Old state** : One was free to leave or was about to leave.\n\n_Something happens that changes all that_. ← Perhaps a new piece of\ninformation has come in.\n\n**Present state** : One cannot leave until the authenticity of the information\nhas been verified.\n\nOld state （帰れた）⇒⇒ New state （帰れなくなった）\n\n「帰れなくなった」＝「帰れる」+「ない」+「なる」 in the past tense\n\nThus your first sentence means something along the lines of:\n\n> \"It has (just) become impossible for me/us to leave until the authenticity\n> of the information has been verified.\"\n\nYour second sentence:\n\n> 「情報の真偽を確かめるまで帰れない。」\n\nsays nothing about a change of state (like your first sentence does). It just\nmeans:\n\n> \"One cannot leave until the authenticity of the information has been\n> verified.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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59253
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59259
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59259
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"body": "I've been reading more novels in Japanese recently (かもめ食堂: recommended!), and\nhave noticed that it's unusual for 言う to be written in kanji. Not just in set\nphrases like という and とはいえ but in attributions such as 「みどりはいった」。\n\nMy question: are there any situations where it's required or would be more\nnatural or unambiguous to write 言う rather than いう? If I'm emailing a friend\nwould it seem pretentious to use the kanji?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T13:48:02.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59258",
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"owner_user_id": "25413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography"
],
"title": "Use of kanji when writing 言う",
"view_count": 295
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here's an excerpt I found: <http://learnjapaneseonline.info/2016/04/28/avoid-\nkanji-overload-and-write-japanese-like-a-native/>\n\n> Similarly, while 言う as a word is more often written in kanji, という in\n> nominalizing and similar uses is usually written in kana.\n>\n> These uses are probably somewhat related to the fact that **common verbs\n> attached to other verbs are very often written in kana**. So 来る is common\n> but it is nearly always やってくる, not やって来る；持っていくrather than 持って行く.\n\nAlso,\n\n> Whenever you are in doubt, use Denshi Jisho or Rikaisama (or Rikaichan -kun\n> -tan). All of them flag some words with “uk” or “usually written in kana\n> alone”. If you aren’t sure where to use kanji, simply make sure to write\n> these words in kana.\n\nPersonally when I email a friend in Japanese, I don't use the kanji. However,\nwhen I email a teacher, I tend to use it because for some reason to me it\nfeels more proper and formal. \n(例えば、「何々と」言いました） But this is my own preference and may not reflect other's\ntendencies.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T17:42:42.210",
"id": "59319",
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59258
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59319
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59319
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"body": "Although I believe わたし to be the more common reading of 私, I have heard many\nexamples of わたくし being used as well (ex 黒澤ダイア ラブライブ). Does that mean わたくし is\nan informal version or more feminine version of わたし, like あたし? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T17:37:23.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59261",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-08T22:38:54.283",
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"owner_user_id": "29804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "What are the implied differences in わたくし and わたし?",
"view_count": 213
}
|
[
{
"body": "わたくし is a very formal 'version' of 私, and is used by all genders.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T17:46:07.413",
"id": "59262",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-05T17:46:07.413",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "わたし is polite.\n\nわたくし is more polite than わたし.\n\nBoth are used by all genders.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T21:44:25.980",
"id": "59325",
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59261
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59262
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"body": "I'm reading through this one story where it takes place in the feudal era of\nJapan. Two men are travelling through a forest and carrying a secret letter.\nAn army of female ninja try to sneak up on them. But one of the men can smell\nthem, so he closes his eyes and concentrates. Detecting the location one of\nthem, he throws his sword like an arrow, and hits her. Then he readies himself\nfor the rest of them.\n\nAt that point, the narration says “どしゅっ!” I'm guessing that this is an\ninterjection of some sort. I tried to look it up, but it doesn't seem to be\nlisted in the dictionaries. There are websites featuring it, but they don't\nhave any explanations for it in Japanese or any other language.\n\nDoes anyone know what it means?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T19:47:02.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59263",
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"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What does どしゅっ mean?",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "Judging from the context, 「どしゅっ」 should be the onomatopoeia for the sound of a\nknife or sword \"properly\" penetrating one's body.\n\nThe more commonly-used variants would be 「どすっ」 and 「ぶすっ」.\n\nFor all of those, the pitch accent is placed on the **second** syllable.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-05T23:24:41.933",
"id": "59264",
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"parent_id": "59263",
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"score": 4
}
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59263
|
59264
|
59264
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59291",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Every time I come upon these words, I get confused, because the meanings of\nthem are either very similar with each other or have more than one meaning.\nFor example, on goo辞書, the [first meaning of\n本書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/206084/meaning/m0u/%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8),\nshows to me 主, and this kanji has various meanings! Besides, it shows 文書, too\n(主となる文書). Apparently, [主 means しゅ](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/340431),\nbut I didn't understand very well the meaning of this expression 主となる (it\nbecomes the main thing?). As you can see, when you try to understand 本書, you\nhave to know if it's exactly the 主（しゅ）reading, the meaning of that expression\nand possibly of 主 by itself, and 文書. Very confusing for someone who doesn't\nhave a deep Japanese knowledge. Besides, 本書 has more 3 possible meanings!\n\nIf I use an English-Japanese dictionary, like Jisho.org, I get only similar\nmeanings without further explanation (everything looks like to mean \"writing\";\nargh). On the other hand, if I choose a Japanese dictionary, like\n[goo辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/), either I get more confused because\nhard new words are exposed to me, or one of these words from the title appears\nagain.\n\nPlease, could you provide in detail the main meanings of these words? For\nexample, in English, the word \"writing\" can mean more than [10\nthings](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/writing?s=t)! So, if you're going to\nuse a word that repeats between the translations a lot, or that it has a\ntranslation of other word that can mean more than one thing, prefer to say,\nfor example, \"writing, as in...\", or its contextually specific use (for\nexample, apparently, 表記 seems to mean \"to write on a surface\", but is it the\naction, the result of it, or both? Is it writing on a surface like a table, or\na paper on a table? Also, [文書 seems to mean something related with\n\"paper\"](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/665353), which [I didn't find on\ngoo辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/197469/meaning/m0u/%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8);\nI guess so). Furthermore, it would be appreciated if you explain the various\nmeanings of a specific word, but that are in fact used. As I said before, for\nexample, 本書 has 4 meanings, but are these 4 meanings really used?\n\n_I know that I'm asking too much, so if you say just the single and main\nmeaning of these words, it helps me and the community a lot; I didn't find a\npost showing the difference between all of these words. I tried to do by\nmyself, but I feel like walking in circles with the meanings (English is not\nmy first language, maybe the word \"writing\" is straightforward to you, but I'm\nconfused)._",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-06T00:54:24.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59266",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T14:02:53.870",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-06T01:20:08.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "17384",
"owner_user_id": "17384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Detailed distinction and relationship between 文、文書、文章、本書、本文、作文、文字、作成、表記 (and possibly others)",
"view_count": 1036
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say the meanings of these words are not really similar...\n\n * 文: sentence (delimited by periods)\n * 文書: document (e.g., report, letter, memorandum, Word document)\n * 文章: sentences; text; paragraphs\n * 本書: this book (as in \"In this book, I will explain XYZ...\")\n * 本文: main text (as opposed to footnotes, captions, etc)\n * 作文: composition; writing; essay (as homework/test)\n * 文字: character; letter (Latin alphabet, kanji, etc)\n * 表記: text/character representation, notation, orthography, how to write something using characters/symbols\n\n本 is a tricky kanji which works like a prefix that means either \"main (主)\" or\n\"this/our/present (当)\" depending on the context. But 本書 almost always means\n\"this book\" in reality, and practically you can forget the other little-known\ndefinitions. I admit goo辞書 is confusing in this case because the most common\nmeaning is listed as the last definition, but maybe the editors thought 本書 in\nsuch a sense was actually two words. This type of 本 can attach many words,\ne.g., 本章 (\"this chapter\"), 本節 (\"this section\"), 本記事 (\"this article\"), 本書類\n(\"this document\"), 本病院 (\"our hospital\"), 本ウェブサイト (\"this/our website\") and so\non. Well, maybe 本記事 might occasionally mean \"main article\", too, depending on\nthe situation.\n\n作成 is just \"creating\", \"making\". It's not directly related to language.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T05:19:44.260",
"id": "59291",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T14:02:53.870",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-07T14:02:53.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59266",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
59266
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59291
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59291
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59268",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I recently encountered the sentence 「あなたに嬉しくなって欲しい」, which means “I want you\nto be happy.” Why is に used to mark “you”? If you rephrase the sentence as\n「あなたが嬉しくなることが欲しい」, the meaning still comes through but the に drops out. So why\nis the に used in the first variation? Do similar patterns exist for Vstemたい\nand/or other adjectives?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T01:25:23.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59267",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-06T04:51:57.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Why do you use に with 欲しい?",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "Think of て欲しい as a version of てもらいたい. For example:\n\n> 先生に微積分を教えてもらいたい。\n\n\"I want my teacher to teach me calculus.\" Or more literally, \"I want to\nreceive the favor of my teacher teaching me calculus.\"\n\nThe person doing the favor is marked with に. Same with て欲しい. In both of these\nexpressions, you're probably not used to seeing the \"giver\" marked with a\nparticle, because they're more often just addressed directly to that person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T03:01:22.700",
"id": "59268",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-06T03:01:22.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "59267",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "You can use から、が、に to indicate the person someone wants to do something.\n\n私は、あなたがうれしくなってほしい。\n\nあなたにうれしくなってほしい。\n\nあなたから彼に教えてほしい。\n\nI want you to teach him.\n\nNote that てほしい is bit of a direct statement, so it's better to use てもらう or\nturn it into a question when having a request for someone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T04:51:57.417",
"id": "59269",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-06T04:51:57.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"parent_id": "59267",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
59267
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59268
|
59268
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59274",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw an article (in a website that has both English and Japanese versions)\ntranslates the following sentence “The 70-year old architecture of existing\nprocessors is inadequate to meet today’s deep learning and AI processing\nneeds” to this sentence\n“これまでのプロセッサーのアーキテクチャは70歳の老人で、今日のディープラーニングやAIの処理ニーズに適していない\".\n\nIs that a natural way to describe a processor? or is that some automatic\ntranslation mistake?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T07:55:18.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59270",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-06T13:27:33.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30179",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"slang"
],
"title": "using 老人 to describe an item",
"view_count": 95
}
|
[
{
"body": "This was on Techcrunch, right? I suspect '70歳の老人' is used metaphorically to\ncompare existing processors to old, decrepit (老人 is not the most polite term\nto describe older people) elderly, since it is otherwise used exclusively,\nfrom what I can tell, to describe elderly _people_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T08:08:53.943",
"id": "59271",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-06T08:08:53.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29341",
"parent_id": "59270",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "## Answer\n\nMy guess would be personification. When you look at the characters 老 (old) and\n人 (person), it’s clearly a way to refer to an old person (not even talking\nabout the connotation of the word).\n\nSo they refer to this processing unit as ‘old guy’, which means that it’s a\nfairly aged product, hence why it can’t keep up with the new, **younger**\nmodels.\n\n* * *\n\n**About the connotation:** I guess it’s the ‘official’ term for an old person\n(or at least was so for a long time), given that the Chinese word， 老人 _lǎoren_\nfor it is still exactly the same. Which, given the proper context, can make it\nrude in some cases because you’re using the wrong politeness level. You see it\nfairly often that sino-Japanese words become more complicated in terms of\nconnotation, especially when there’s a ‘newer’ word for it which makes the old\none basically obsolete.\n\n## Resources\n\nI don’t have any resources handy right now. But as soon as I do I will add\nthem in and update my answer need be. Just look at my answer as what I learnt\nfrom experience. Hope this helped.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T13:27:33.343",
"id": "59274",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-06T13:27:33.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29797",
"parent_id": "59270",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59270
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59274
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59271
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "59275",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading something and one of the character asks another character\n「大丈夫？怪我がないか？」. The first sentence obviously means \"Are you alright?\" but\nshould I parse the second sentence as \"You're not hurt, are you?\" or \"Are you\nhurt?\" In English, when we include a negative in a question, it often implies\nsome preconception that we seek confirmation of, but is that true of Japanese\nas well? If I wanted to ask, \"Don't you know what this is?\" (which implies\nthat I expect my listener to know what that thing is), would I say something\nlike 「これは何かわかっていない？」, and would that be different from 「これは何かわかっている？」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T12:19:39.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59272",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-06T14:26:35.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"questions"
],
"title": "Does ending a question in the negative imply a presupposition as it does in English?",
"view_count": 371
}
|
[
{
"body": "A question asked in a negative form translates to a similar negative form in\nEnglish, but the emphasis is slightly different, in that there is no \"unspoken\npositive assumption\"\n\nIn other words, 怪我がないか？ Is not \"You're not hurt, **are you**? it's more\naccurately: \"You aren't hurt?\"\n\nこれは何かわかっていない？ is not something like \"You don't happen to know what this is,\n**do you**? It's more like \"Don't you know what this is?\" (but without the\nimplication that not knowing is stupid, the way that question comes across in\nEnglish)\n\nThere is a difference in how these negative questions should be answered,\nthough, because in Japanese, the questioner asking a negative is expecting you\nto confirm their negative form, or deny it.\n\nIn other words, if you answer \"yes\" to these forms of questions, you are\ntelling them \"Yes, (as you said) I am NOT hurt.\" and \"Yes, (you're right) I\ndon't know what that is.\"\n\nIf you answer \"no\" to these negative forms, you are intentionally creating a\nnegation of their negative question: \"No, I actually am hurt!\" (although this\nis an odd way to answer that negative question) and \"No, I know what that is,\nit's ....\"\n\nSo to go back to your your example, if you ask これは何かわかっていない？ The implication\nis that you expect that maybe the person actually does NOT know what this is,\nin a non-judgemental way. And これは何か分かっている？ is not implying an expectation\neither way.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T14:17:09.627",
"id": "59275",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-06T14:26:35.367",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-06T14:26:35.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59272",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59272
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59275
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59275
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59281",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 僕らを待っているのではなさそうな **ところを見るに** 、 まだ[回末]{うえまつ}[李花子]{りかこ}は外に出ていないのだろうか。\n\nI've seen that に after conjugated verbs quite a few times now, but don't quite\nget what it means. It doesn't seem to a shortening of のに or ために. Is this a\ncase of ところを見ると? If so, why is the と being replaced by に?\n\nWhat i've got is:\n\n> Judging from the fact that (he/Kiyonosuke) doesn't seem to be waiting for\n> us, I'd say Uematsu Rikako has yet to come out (of her house).\n\nBut that に always confuses me.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T15:23:00.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59276",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T00:37:24.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29516",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "The meaning ところを見るに",
"view_count": 258
}
|
[
{
"body": "「に」 in this context is a conjunctive particle that connects a\npreface/introduction to a conclusion/opinion.\n\nIn meaning, 「に」=「と」in this sentence. The difference is that using 「と」 would\nmake it more informal.\n\nThe translation provided looks good. The \"judging from\" part actually captures\nthe nuance of this 「に」 well.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T00:37:24.963",
"id": "59281",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T00:37:24.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59276",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
59276
|
59281
|
59281
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59280",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If the purpose is to have the meaning \"unlimitedly\", Since 無制限 is an\nadjectival noun we should use に to turn it into an adverb instead of で if I'm\nnot mistaken... ? [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eKrnA.png)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T16:48:49.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59278",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T00:09:27.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the function of で in this sentence?",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "It seems you may be overanalyzing the phrase a little bit. Grammatically\nspeaking,\n\n> 「無制限{むせいげん}で」\n\nis just a\n\n> \"Noun + Particle\"\n\nThat is to say that 「無制限で」 is not really formed by conjugation. The phrase\ncertainly functions adverbially, but it is **_not_** an adverb per se. You may\nbe letting the English translation \" ** _unlimitedly_** \" fool you even though\nthat is a valid translation.\n\n**The function of the particle 「で」 here is to describe the situation/condition\nin which an action is performed. That is indeed a fairly standard use of\n「で」.**\n\nOne of my mottoes uses the same 「で」. It is 「腹{はら}ペコ **で** スーパーへ行{い}くな！」, which\nmeans \" ** _Don't go to the supermarket hungry!_** \". (That is because I would\ntend to purchase too many things if I went to one hungry.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T00:09:27.343",
"id": "59280",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T00:09:27.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "59278",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
59278
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59280
|
59280
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59290",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In [this old\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2728/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A0-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A0-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91-and-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%97\n\"Q\"), it is said that **ただのNOUN** and **NOUNだけだ** are used thus:\n\n> If you meant to say, \"It's just an ordinary snake\" or the like, it needs to\n> be **ただの蛇だ** 。 If you meant \"It's only a snake\", as in a case where you were\n> expecting a Yeti, it would be **蛇だけだ** 。\n\nHowever, in [this article](https://nihongoshark.com/tada-vs-dake/ \"shark\"),\nthe author says it's the other way around under the same circumstance:\n\n> Saying “It’s just a rock.” \n> Wrong: 石だけだ \n> Right: ただの石だ\n\nI read the article on NihongoShark first last month, so I am quite annoyed now\nto see that people seem to disagree on something that I thought was meant to\nbe a simple, and common usage. Personally, I find NihongoShark's detailed\nexplanation and given context more convincing. However, since I once saw a few\nunnatural expressions on the website (can't remember what they were anymore),\nI have to take everything with a grain of salt. `Whose claim do you agree\nwith?`\n\nご意見を伺いたいですから、よろしくお願いいたします！",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T00:04:39.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59279",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T04:43:45.337",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-07T00:10:21.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "27674",
"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Are these sources wrong about the usage of ただ and だけ?",
"view_count": 143
}
|
[
{
"body": "NihongoShark's explanation does not seem to conflict with the first question.\nただの石だ is \"It's just a rock\" in the sense of \"That is merely an ordinary rock\n(and not a golem/coin/etc)\".\n\n石だけだ would usually mean \"There are only rocks here, nothing else (but I'm\nactually looking for something else)\" or something like that. 蛇だけだ means\n\"There are only snakes around here (but I'm not interested in snakes now)\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T04:43:45.337",
"id": "59290",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T04:43:45.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59279",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59279
|
59290
|
59290
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59286",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence reads ここにあるレストランはどれもおいしくない, and the translation given was \"Any\nand all restaurants that are here are not tasty.\" When the word ある is used\nhere, how is it able to modify restaurant so that it means \"the restaurants\nthat are here\"? Is it just because of where it is placed in the sentence?\nCould this work with other verbs, like saying ここで食べる人 to mean \"the people who\neat here\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T03:29:42.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59284",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T12:21:02.880",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-07T03:31:54.583",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Use of ある in this sentence?",
"view_count": 481
}
|
[
{
"body": "Judging from your previous questions, perhaps this is the first time you learn\nabout [_relative clauses_](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010).\nOnce you know this keyword, you can find lots of good articles about this\ntopic. Yes, ここにあるレストラン literally means \"the restaurant(s) that exist(s) here\".\nA more natural translation is simply \"restaurants around here\".\n\n> レストランがここにある。 Restaurants exist here. \n> ここにあるレストラン restaurants that exist here\n\nAs you have correctly guessed, ここで食べる人 means \"the people who eat here\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T03:53:50.753",
"id": "59286",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T12:21:02.880",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-07T12:21:02.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59284",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
59284
|
59286
|
59286
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59288",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: some schoolgirls are talking about a girl that is dating a boy that\nkilled someone when he was younger.\n\n> ついてく男のせいでバカ見てるよね。自分から人生詰みに行ってるよね。 **ガチのM**? 夜はあの人殺しから攻められるプレイしてるとか\n\nThe only meaning of ガチ I could find was \"serious, diligent\", but I don't think\nit fits the context. Judging from what the girl says (攻められるプレイ) and from\nresults in Google for ガチのM, I guess the M stands for masochism. Is this\ncorrect? If yes, could you explain the meaning of ガチ and how it can be used to\nform words? Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T03:44:00.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59285",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T04:11:34.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Meaning of ガチのM",
"view_count": 217
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes this M stands for _masochist_. This initialism is very common in Japanese,\nand people don't usually bother to say マゾ or マゾヒスト in conversations. In this\ncontext M primarily means the girl is a type of person who willingly take\ntroubles and put herself in a hard situation. Of course the last sentence has\na sexual meaning.\n\nガチ is _genuine_ , _true_ , or _real_ rather than _diligent_. ガチ is from a\nsumo-term ガチンコ, which is an antonym for 八百長. So \"not a fake/mock\" is the\noriginal meaning of ガチ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T04:11:34.860",
"id": "59288",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T04:11:34.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59285",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59285
|
59288
|
59288
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59289",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I got to know that dono hito specifically asks about a person while donata is\nfor who in general, so does taht imply to all living beings? Are both used in\nformal conversations?(If yes, which is preferable?)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-07T04:10:19.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59287",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-07T04:24:56.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30186",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"politeness"
],
"title": "What is the difference between dono hito and donata?",
"view_count": 3881
}
|
[
{
"body": "どのひと (dono hito) is \"which person\", どなた (donata) is \"who\".\n\nどの (dono) by itself is \"which\". You use どの when you want to select the correct\none among three or more options. どのひと is used when you are seeing three or\nmore people and want to know which is the right person.\n\n> どの本ですか？ (Dono hon desu ka?) \n> Which book (do you want)?\n\nどなた is a polite version of だれ (dare), which just means \"who\". You use どなた when\nyou ask who someone is, who comes, who will do a job, etc.\n\n> どなたですか？ (Donata desu ka?) \n> Who's there? / Who is she? / etc.",
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"body": "Sorry if this question seems to be stupid, but I'm not a japanese speaker, yet\nI have to \"translate\" Japanese numbers to Arabic numbers.\n\nI have a problem with the chain `３．２千` :\n\n * according to <https://lucene.apache.org/core/6_1_0/analyzers-kuromoji/org/apache/lucene/analysis/ja/JapaneseNumberFilter.html> , it is equal to `3200`.\n * According to <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_numerals> (if I understand correctly), it should be equal to `32000` because the large numbers are grouped by myriads and `千` stands for `1000`.\n\nSo what it the real value ?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"score": 12,
"tags": [
"numbers"
],
"title": "What is the equivalent in arabic numbers of ３．２千",
"view_count": 2316
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"body": "「3.2千」 is \"3,200\". There is no other interpretation possible -- none.\n\nThat is not a common way to write \"3,200\" in our daily life, but when\ndiscussing **_statistics_** where numbers shown are mostly or exclusively in\nthe thousands, we actually use that form.\n\n「千」 in that context is exactly the equivalent of \" **K** \" for \"1,000\" in\nEnglish.\n\nSee the 5-6th lines from the top in [this government\npaper](http://www.maff.go.jp/j/assess/hyoka/kekka/2003/pdf/15jisseki0608.pdf)\nwhere it says 「新規漁業就業者数 1.5千人/年」. That means \"the numerical goal for the newly\nemployed in the fishery industry: 1,500 persons per year\".",
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"body": "## Reading numbers and prices\n\nIn Japan, Arabic numerals are now frequently used. I think this problem will\nbe quite rare since small numbers such as prices as generally displayed in\nArabic numerals:\n\n> 3200\n\nEven though these kanji [百]{100}, [千]{1000}, and [万]{10,000} are used as\nplaceholders. Numbers using them can be read by omitting them (and potentially\nfilling in the trailing zeros):\n\n> [3]{さん}千{ぜん}[2]{に}00 = 3,200\n>\n> [3]{さん}千{ぜん}[2]{に}百{ひゃく} = 3,200\n\nEven though these are written in Arabic numbers, they are read in Japanese\n(although it will make your life easier as a Japanese learner). Only older\nstyle traditional stores and restaurants (or izakaya) would display prices\nentirely in Kanji:\n\n> 三{さん}千{ぜん}[二]{に}百{ひゃく}\n\nThese would also use 円{えん} rather than ¥ for prices.\n\nStill it is important to understand how these numbers are read in Japanese to\nsay numbers aloud. Bear in mind that counting is different in Japanese.\n\n## Larger numbers\n\nBear in mind that larger numbers will be frequently encountered in Japan. The\nexchange rate is roughly 100 JP¥ to 1 US$ so prices will often quotes in\nthousands [千]{せん}or tens of thousands [万]{まん}. While numbers are now written\nin Arabic format: 1,000 10,000 or 1,000,000, numbers are grouped by [万]{まん}\n(ten thousand) rather than by thousands.\n\nSo a thousand thousand (million) is literally translated to 100 [万]{まん}.\nConversely [万]{まん} [万]{まん} is an 億{おく} (100 million). Large items are counted\nin [万]{まん}s rather than thousands. Similarly government or company spending,\npopulations, or computing will be discussed in 億{おく} rather than millions or\nbillions. This is one of the reasons it very difficult to convert numbers\nbetween Japanese and English and people think about numbers differently when\nusing each language.\n\nSo traditionally, Japanese numbers written in Arabic numerals would be written\nin groups of 4 zeros (although they only do this with kanji):\n\n> 一{いち} [万]{まん} = 10000 (ten thousand)\n>\n> 一{いち} 億{おく} = 1,0000,0000 (one hundred million)\n>\n> 一{いっ} 兆{ちょう} = 1,0000,0000,0000 (one trillion)\n\nIn practice you’ll encounter a mixture of traditional Japanese numbers and\nwestern influenced groups of 3 zeros.\n\n## Abbreviating numbers\n\nSimilar to how we abbreviate numbers in English, this can be done with kanji.\nI suspect that is what is being done in the example you’ve provided.\n\n> 3.2 千{せん}\n\nThis is more commonly done with [万]{まん} as discussed above. I suspect that\nthis is a literal Japanese translation of 3.2 thousand or 3.2K as used in\nEnglish for 3200. This is unambiguously 3200 rather than 32000 although it\nwould be clearer written in Japanese as:\n\n> [3]{さん}千{ぜん}[2]{に} 百{ひゃく}\n\n千{せん} here acts as a _placeholder_ , not just holding the meaning of 1000 so\ncould be read as 3 “ _point_ ” 2 thousand (3.2K). In kanji, the base 10 kanji\nbasically serve dual purposes as numbers and how we use points or commas to\naid reading short or long form numbers respectively.\n\nThis goes for larger numbers as well:\n\n> 3万{まん}2100 = 3.21 ten thousands or 32.1K\n>\n> 3万{まん}2千{せん} = 3.2 ten thousands or 32K\n>\n> 1億{おく}2300万[まん] = 1.23 hundred millions or 123M\n>\n> 123億{おく} = 12.3 billion or 12.3 B (12.3G)\n>\n> 12兆{ちょう} = 12 trillion or 12T\n\nI recommend sticking with standard use of kanji as it is easier to read.\n3.2千{せん} (3.2 thousand) could be mistaken for 32千{せん} (32,000) if you don’t\nsee the decimal point or expect 32万{まん} for 32,000. However, I suspect that\nthis will soon become irrelevant as arabic numbers (western/English style)\nhave become common in Japan. Many Japanese speakers learn English or engage in\nmore international activities and often encounter numbers in forms such as\n3.2K or 3.2 x 10^3. Arabic numbers are nearly ubiquitous and you will not need\nto read kanji numbers unless delving through government or company reports,\nhistoric documents, or traditional menus in rural areas.",
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"body": "I hear some people pronounce both 居る and 要る low-HIGH, and others I have heard\npronouncing 居る as HIGH-low. Can you clarify whether these are correct, if the\nvariations are regional or not, or if there is some other explanation for\nvariation? お願いします！",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-07T16:21:36.970",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"intonation"
],
"title": "What is the intonation variation for 居る vs 要る?",
"view_count": 251
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"body": "In Standard Japanese both words are pronounced 「いる{LH}」.\n\nIn Nagoya which is where I currently reside, however, 「居る」(\"to be, to stay\")\nis pronounced 「いる{HL}」 and 「要る」(\"to be necessary\") is pronounced 「いる{LH}」.\n\nSo, your observation seems correct. Accents change regionally just like the\ncolors of miso soup change regionally.\n\nThe words that are pronounced 「いる{HL}」 instead in Standard Japanese are\n「炒る」(\"to roast\"), 「射る」(\"to shoot an arrow\"), 「鋳る」(\"to cast metal\"), etc.",
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"body": "I encountered the following on a test. Write the suitable question for the\ngiven response.\n\n> R) たけしさんのかばんはそのかばんです。\n\nI wrote the following question to elect such a response:\n\n> このかばんはだれのかばんですか。\n\napparently this is completely incorrect, but I dont understand why.\n\nthe correct answer is:\n\n> たけしさんおかばんはどのかばんですか。\n\nwhich is fine and makes sense I just dont understand why what I said makes no\nsense when I translate it and the response to English it makes sense to me.\nnot sure if im mistranslating it our if in Japanese what i am saying somehow\ndoesn't make sense in Japanese just in English.",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-07T20:30:45.127",
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"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"sentence"
],
"title": "creating a question given a response",
"view_count": 109
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"body": "The response (as you marked R) たけしさんのかばんはそのかばんです means \"Takeshi's bag is that\none/bag\".\n\nYou asked このかばんはだれのかばんですか, meaning \"Whose bag is this?\". This would be\nresponded to with たけしさんの（かばん）です; \"It is takeshi's (bag)\".\n\nBut the correct answer given points to a specific bag (out of possibly several\nthat are present). So the question needs to say, \"Which bag is Takeshi's\n(bag)?\", or \"Takeshi's bag is which (one / of the following)?\". And for that,\nthe question needs to be as shown in the correct answer; たけしさんのかばんはどのかばんですか。\n(It could also use どれですか).\n\nAlso, as @FelipeOliveira mentions in the comments, the topic of the response\nis Takeshi's bag. Thus, the topic of the question should also be Takeshi's\nbag. In your solution, the topic changes to \"this bag\", which is why it's not\ncorrect.\n\nSummary:\n\n> Response: \n> **たけしさんのかばんは** そのかばんです ➝ Takeshi's bag is that one/bag.\n>\n> Question: \n> ○ **たけしさんのかばんは** どのかばんですか ➝ Takeshi's bag is which one/bag? (Same topic) \n> × **このかばんは** だれのかばんですか ➝ Whose bag is this? (Different topic)\n>\n> \n> For your given solution: \n> **このかばんは** だれのかばんですか ➝ Whose bag is this? (\"This bag is whose bag?\")\n>\n> Response: \n> ○ ( **このかばんは** )たけしさんの(かばん)です ➝ (This bag is) Takeshi's (bag); (Same topic,\n> even though it's omitted) \n> × **たけしさんのかばんは** そのかばんです ➝ Takeshi's bag is that one/bag. (Different topic)\n\n \n\n* * *\n\n＊注 ー **R** is the given \"response\". **correct answer** is the solution to the\nproblem of the test; which happens to be a question sentence. Too many\noverlapping terms! .·´¯'(>▂<)'¯`·.",
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"body": "This symbol 术 is part of several kanjis. Does it have a meaning of its own? I\nlooked for it in kanji lists and a japanese dictionary and it doesnt list any\nmeaning",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-07T20:43:22.283",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Does this symbol 术 has any meaning of its own?",
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"body": "It does have a meaning of its own, but it is better represented\nby「朮」instead.「术」is a handwritten style of the character forced into\n[Minchōtai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_\\(typefaces\\)) fonts, and you\ncan somewhat think of「术」vs.「朮」as Shinjitai vs. Kyūjitai (although this way of\nviewing it has some limitations).\n\n* * *\n\n「朮」originally depicted a\n[Sorghum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor) plant (Chinese: 高梁,\nJapanese: モロコシ) which is the original meaning with the historical form:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2JbWg.png)\n\nThis meaning is now written as「秫」.「[朮]{じゅつ}」is used as a phonetic component in\nthe Jōyō kanji「述」and「術」(pending on the font you're using it may look\nlike「术」instead).\n\n* * *\n\nThe other place where it's found is in the bottom-left hand side of Kyūjitai\n「{{zh-TW:殺}}」(compare Shinjitai「殺」, where the dot is missing). Here,「朮」serves\nas a graphically corrupted semantic component, originally representing a\nperson who was about to get their head chopped off.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mcj6h.png)\n\n_Change over time in the component depicting a person due to be executed in\nthe character_ 「{{zh-TW:殺}}」, _eventually transforming into_ 「朮」.\n\n「朮」does not provide sound or meaning here, because it was originally something\nelse.\n\n* * *\n\nLastly, in Simplified Chinese,「术」is the official form of「術」.\n\n* * *\n\n**References:**\n\n * 季旭昇《說文新證》\n * [小學堂](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/)",
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"body": "Dictionary definition:\n\n> １ 程度・価値・等級・序列などが低いこと。標準より劣っていること。下等。した。「中の下の成績」⇔上 (じょう) 。\n>\n> ２ 書物や文の章段などで、二つまたは三つに分けたものの最後のもの。「下の巻」⇔上 (じょう) 。\n\n**Edit** : \nI think **巻** is not read **かん** , but **まき**. Sometimes, a word alone\nrequires **訓読み** , sometimes **音読み** , because reasons. Please see the comment\nsection.\n\nThere's already [a\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/27985/japanese-\nnovels-%E4%B8%8A-%E4%B8%8B \"下\") here about how to read **下** when it is used\nfor book volumes, whose reading corresponds to the second definition above.\n\nThere's also 下{げ}の下{げ}, which I think is literally \"the lowest of the low\"\n(cf. Trainspotting). Definition 1.\n\nIs there any other occasion where one simply has to read it as **げ**? Can I\nuse it as some sort of adjective, e.g. **下の奴だ** , like the example in\ndefinition 1?\n\nSorry for yet another newbie question, but お教えください！\n\n* * *\n\nTIL: Just realized that **中の下** is read **ちゅうのげ** , even when **中** seems to\nbe screaming for **訓読み** instead. Lovely.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "When is 下 alone read げ outside of a handful of idiomatic usages (if ever)?",
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59301
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"body": "私はにほんごとごべんきょします\n\ni would like to say i came here to study or learn Japanese (language) and to\nplay go. the best i have come up with is above which says to study both; i\nknow how to say each sentence separately how i want but cant seem to figure\nout how to combine them as it would us two verbs. any help much appreciated.",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-08T03:32:36.527",
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"tags": [
"sentence"
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"title": "how to make a statement with two verbs",
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"body": "You might want to use the `〜ながら` sentence structure. So, in your case, it\nwould be\n\n`私はごをやりながら日本語を勉強しています`\n\n`ごをやりながら` = `while playing go`\n\n`日本語を勉強しています` = `study japanese language`\n\nThe link below explains a bit further into the sentence structure.\n\n<http://maggiesensei.com/2013/06/26/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8C%E3%82%89nagara-from-\nfacebook-mini-lesson/>\n\nSource: I used to study japanese language in Tokyo for a year plus.",
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"body": "Normally this is achieved by turning one of the verbs into the continuous –te\nform:\n\n```\n\n わたしはここに日本語を勉強して[囲碁]{いご}をやるために来ました。\n \n```\n\nYou can replace やる with する for politeness.\n\nAlternatively, you can use the ～り suffix but it's better to save it for cases\nin which you enumerate many, many things:\n\n```\n\n 日本語を勉強したり囲碁をするためにここに来ました。\n \n```\n\nNote that in both cases, the を particle is mandatory.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "You can use a conjunction また like 私はここに日本語を勉強しに、また、碁をやりに来ました。You may omit また.\n\nYour sentence needs a bit correction like 私はにほんごとごをべんきょうします, which means \"I\nstudy Japanese language and the game of go.\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T06:19:05.763",
"id": "59308",
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"body": "If these are not necessarily the only two things you came here to do, or if\nyou do these repeatedly, you could use the representative (-たり) form of the\nverbals:\n\n> 私はにほんごとごべんきょします\n\n-> 私は日本語を勉強したり、碁をしたりします。\n\n> i would like to say i came here to study or learn Japanese (language) and to\n> play go\n\n私は日本語{にほんご}を勉強{べんきょう}したり、碁{ご}をしたりするために、ここに来{き}ました。(or, depending on the\nsituation, ここに来たんです。)\n\nYou could also invert it like: ここに来たのは日本語{にほんご}を勉強{べんきょう}したり、碁{ご}をしたりするためです。\n\nThe representative might not cover every situation in which you're talking\nabout doing two activities. But it sounds like it could be used in your\nsituation.",
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"body": "Is there any difference in usage or are they pretty much interchangeable?",
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"id": "59310",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13696",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 倒産 and 破産?",
"view_count": 178
}
|
[
{
"body": "倒産 means \"to go bankrupt\", that is they can't keep the company in existence\nbecause of the company's debts.\n\nIf a company go bankrupt, there are three ways that the company's creditors\ncan deal with the company after that.\n\nOne of them is 破産. A bankrupt company's all assets are exchanged to money and\nthey are divided among the company's creditors. And the company can't exist.\n\nSource: <http://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/nl/articles/1704/28/news010.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T15:22:32.073",
"id": "59316",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-08T16:46:45.193",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-08T16:46:45.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "59310",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
59310
|
59316
|
59316
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59312",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a manga where the character brings back some food as a souvenir\nfrom a recent trip. She is eating it with her family, but in the margin she\nmakes a small comment: 「お店で食べた奴のがおいしかった」\n\nI am confused by this statement because normally の is used to nominalize a\nverb phrase. Since 奴 is already a noun, it doesn't need to be nominalized.\n\nThis leads me to think that some noun is being dropped from her sentence,\nwhich could make sense since she is talking casually with her family.\n\nMy best guess would be that the noun is 方, because then the complete sentence\nwould be「お店で食べた奴の **方** がおいしかった」, or \"the one I ate in the store was **more**\ndelicious.\"\n\nIs this the correct interpretation? Or am I way off? And finally, is it common\nfor Japanese people to drop nouns like this when speaking casually?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T11:38:07.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59311",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-08T12:59:32.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14531",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nouns"
],
"title": "Has a noun been dropped here? 「お店で食べた奴のがおいしかった」",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「お店{みせ}で食{た}べた奴{やつ} **のが** おいしかった。」\n\n「のが」 in this context is indeed the present-day contraction of 「の方{ほう}が」 that\nhas been used quite commonly by the younger generation for the last couple of\ndecades.\n\nThus, the sentence means:\n\n> \"The one(s)/stuff we ate at the shop was more delicious (than what we are\n> eating now).\"\n\nThere is no nominalization occuring here; There is only the \"lazy\" dropping of\nthe word 「方」.\n\n> And finally, is it common for Japanese people to drop nouns like this when\n> speaking casually?\n\nNo, not really. We cannot generalize things like that upon our observation of\nthe dropping of one particular word.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T12:59:32.593",
"id": "59312",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-08T12:59:32.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59311",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
59311
|
59312
|
59312
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently found a strange spelling of a reversed S (Ƨ) on an old Japanese\nmatchbox label (late 19th century), in the phrase \"MANUFACTURED IN\nƧEIRYUKWAN\". At first I thought this was just a mistake in the graphics, or\nperhaps the Latin alphabet was not well known. However, I later found an\nexample where the normal and reversed S occur side by side, in\n\"OSAKANATUƧINSIYA ƧEIZU\". This does look like the artist should've noticed.\nThis made me wonder: is this some weird old-style form of transliteration, and\nwhat could the difference between those twop forms be? I don't speak Japanese\nunfortunately, so I couldn't come up with any guesses.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T16:21:21.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59317",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-08T19:07:00.260",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-08T18:21:21.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "30209",
"owner_user_id": "30209",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "Reversed S in Japanese transliteration",
"view_count": 183
}
|
[
{
"body": "Are you referring to [this](http://arnon-\nreisman.blogspot.com/search/label/Seiryukwan)?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UCI4M.jpg)\n\nAs far as I understand, 'reversed S' does not have any particular meaning, so\nI suppose this is probably a mere mistake, or maybe an intentional design\nelement [like this](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABBA#Official_logo). Other\nmatchbox images from Seiryukwan (for example,\n[here](https://blog.goo.ne.jp/mz88/e/6a6ad5dd90f58378c4149796df29235a)) on the\nnet do not have this \"problem\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T17:11:35.597",
"id": "59318",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-08T19:07:00.260",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-08T19:07:00.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59317
| null |
59318
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of もしかして？ Sometimes I got it on my Japanese novel\n(Japanese people have given it to me for free), and on films I watched. But, I\ndon't know what is the meaning of that.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T19:05:28.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59320",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-08T19:28:41.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30211",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of もしかして",
"view_count": 211
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means \"in case\" or \"perhaps\". If used at the beginning of a sentence it\nmeanse \"in case\" or \"if\". As a reply to a question is means \"perhaps\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-08T19:28:41.267",
"id": "59321",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-08T19:28:41.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26563",
"parent_id": "59320",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
}
] |
59320
| null |
59321
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59328",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to make a skit with a group and this is what they have decided\nthey want the beginning to be.\n\nWe are very new to Japanese, taking a compressed class this summer and are\nhaving trouble composing the sentences correctly.\n\nWould anyone mind checking it out and see how we did in our translations?\n\nThe things in bold I am particularly concerned about.\n\n> _N trips_\n>\n> N: いたい\n>\n> A: だいじょぶですか。\n>\n> B: びょういんのでんわをかけますか。 Do you need me to call an ambulance?\n>\n> **N: いいえ、びょういんのでんわをかけません。だいじょうぶです。No I don't need an ambulance. I'm fine.**\n>\n> N: ええと、はじめましたキリスですよろしくおねがいします。\n>\n> **A: リチですこれわジエイソンくんです。私のともだちです。I am Rich. This is (my friend) Jason.** This\n> doesn't even say what i want. I believe it says, \"I am Rich, this is Jason.\n> At the very least I think the last line should be 私はジエイソンくんのともだちです。\n>\n> B:ともだちじゃないです。\n>\n> A：eeh?\n>\n> **B:じょだんです。** ごしゅっしんは **I am joking** , where do you come from? I would like\n> this to be more natural like i am obviously joking perhaps じょだんです,じょだんです?\n>\n> N:カナダです。\n>\n> A/B: そですね。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T00:01:40.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59326",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-09T04:49:01.767",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-09T04:49:01.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"sentence"
],
"title": "Checking skit translation",
"view_count": 101
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ええと、はじめましたキリスですよろしくおねがいします。\n```\n\n Suggestion: ええと、はじめまして。キリスです。よろしくおねがいします。\n \n```\n\n> A:リチですこれわジエイソンくんです。私のともだちです。\n\nThis would mean, \"I'm Rich. This is Jason. He is my friend.\"\n\nDon't use \"kore\" for a person, use \"kochira\". Also, beware of わ. は is the\ncorrect hiragana for \"wa\" particle usage.\n\n\"私はジエイソンくんのともだちです\" would mean, \"I am Jason's friend.\"\n\n```\n\n Suggestion: \"My name is Rich. This is my friend Jason.\"\n わたしのなまえはリチです。こちらはわたしのともだち、ジェイソンです。\n \n```\n\n> B:じょだんです。 ごしゅっしんは\n```\n\n Suggestion: じょうだんだよ。ごしゅっしんは？\n \n```\n\nThis still sounds unnatural to me to have these two right next to each other.\nI fixed the hiragana spelling of joudan and changed it to \"da yo\". If you two\nare friends you should use the casual copula and \"yo\" for emphasis.\n\n> N:カナダです。\n```\n\n Suggestion: カナダからきました。(I came from Canada.) \n \n```\n\n> A/B: そですね。\n\n`Suggestion: そうですか。`\n\nSou desu ne implies that you already knew he came from Canada, and you are\nagreeing with them.\n\nSou desu ka means that you didn't know before, \"Is that so?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T04:20:47.130",
"id": "59328",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-09T04:40:14.287",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-09T04:40:14.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "59326",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
59326
|
59328
|
59328
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59331",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The definition of 募集【ぼしゅう】 given in an article by NHK News Web Easy is\n\n> 人や作品などを、大勢の人に呼びかけて集めること.\n\nI don't know what is the role of the に particle in that sentence, is it\nmarking the subject of the action, or is it rethorical? How should it be\ninterpreted?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T00:57:31.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59327",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-10T11:32:56.130",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-10T11:32:56.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "6812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "I don't understand the role of the に particle in this sentence?",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "Santiago, 「大勢の人 **に** 呼びかけて」 reads like a clause to me, within the sentence\n「人や作品などを集めること.」 ... Although if that were the case I'm not sure why they\nwouldn't just write it as 「大勢の人 **に** 呼びかけて、人や作品などを集めること.」\n\nin any case, I parse this definition as \"to gather people or items by calling\nout **to** a large group of people\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T09:38:31.977",
"id": "59331",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-09T11:57:11.773",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-09T11:57:11.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59327",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "In general the に{ni} particle has 2 main uses:\n\n * To mark a location:\n\n> 駅{えき} **に** います。\n>\n> I am **at** the station.\n\n * To mark a recipient:\n\n> 田中{たなか}さんは私{わたし} **に** 飴{あめ}をくれました。\n>\n> Tanaka San gave candy **to** me.\n>\n> 私{わたし}は田中{たなか}さん **に** 英語{えいご}を教{おし}えました。\n>\n> I taught English language **to** Tanaka San.\n\nIn the example, に is being used to mark a group of people as the recipient of\nthis action. Perhaps to “shout” **at** , “call” **to** or to “rally” (e.g.,\n“rally the troops”).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-10T11:26:00.843",
"id": "59347",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-10T11:32:08.607",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "59327",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
59327
|
59331
|
59331
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59330",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence and I wonder whether I understand it correctly:\n\n> **どれ** 腹の傷をおみせ、薬草をぬってあげよう。\n\nThe どれ there looks to me like “whichever” or “all”, so I’d get the sentence as\n“Let me look at all the wounds on your belly…” However I could not find a\nfitting example in a dictionary, so I am not sure.\n\nIf there’d be も, I’d have no doubts, as it then simply means “any”. But this\nsentence has no も and is not negative.\n\nSo, do I get it right? Does this use of question word as an attribute of a\nnoun mean “any, all”?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T09:14:52.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59329",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-27T12:55:36.917",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-13T16:15:47.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"interjections",
"interrogatives",
"attributive"
],
"title": "どれ as an attribute",
"view_count": 419
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「 **どれ** 腹{はら}の傷{きず}をおみせ、薬草{やくそう}をぬってあげよう。」\n\nYou are \"seeing\" the wrong 「どれ」 here, which is the 「どれ」(\"which one\") from\nこそあど.\n\nThis 「どれ」 is an _**interjection**_ meaning \" _ **now**_ \", \" _ **well**_ \", \"\n_ **let's see**_ \", etc. It is most often used when checking on or taking a\n(close) look at something. We also say 「どら」、「どれどれ」, etc. for the same purpose.\n\n_**\" Now, let me see the wound on your tummy. I'll put some herbal medicine on\nit for you**_.\"\n\nThe author could have (or rather should have) inserted a comma right after the\n「どれ」 for clarity's sake.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T09:32:17.543",
"id": "59330",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-27T12:55:36.917",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-27T12:55:36.917",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "59329",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
59329
|
59330
|
59330
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I was reading a manga, and this sentence came up:\n\n> 今日予報だと暑くなるみたいだよ。\n\nI translated it as:\n\n> It looks like it's going to become hot with today's forecast.\n\nThere are a few questions I'd like to ask: What's だと、in this sentence? \nFirst I thought it meant `according to,` but when I searched around they said,\n`if or when.` \nLike, `If you have today's forecast, it's going to be hot.` But does that mean\nsomething like, `If you're looking at today's forecast, it's going to be hot,`\nor something completely different?\n\nDid I translate the `it's going to be hot` well?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T12:07:37.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59333",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-03T20:03:40.500",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-10T14:14:06.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "29817",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Help with the grammar だと and なるみたい",
"view_count": 391
}
|
[
{
"body": "だと might not specifically represent the idea of \"according to\", but I think\n\"According to the forecast, it's going to get hot today (apparently).\" would\nbe an acceptable translation.\n\npossible duplicate of [What does the だと mean in\n日本だと?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3574/what-does-\nthe-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A8-mean-in-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A8)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T12:40:17.853",
"id": "59334",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-09T15:13:19.233",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-09T15:13:19.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59333",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
59333
| null |
59334
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can I distinguish the using of both on a sentence? Please, can you give me\nan example of sentence that use both? Do both have similar meaning?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T13:52:35.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59335",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T04:46:15.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30211",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Using 通う(かよう) and 通る(とおる)",
"view_count": 1769
}
|
[
{
"body": "`通{かよ}う` means \"to commute\" and it refers to the act of repeatedly going to\nand returning from a place. For example,\n\n * `学校に通う途中で` (on my way to commute to a school)\n * `病院に通う` (I'm seeing a doctor periodically.)\n\n`通{とお}る` means \"to pass\" or \"to go through\" and you should picture some path\n(say road or tube) and something else moving along it. For example,\n\n * `高速道路を通って一時間` (it'll be one hour by highway)\n * `試験に通る` (pass an exam)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-26T04:46:15.380",
"id": "59727",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-26T04:46:15.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3059",
"parent_id": "59335",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59335
| null |
59727
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59409",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I don't understand why in this\n[article](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180605/k10011465921000.html?utm_int=news-\nlife_contents_list-items_001) it is この一方で and not その一方で that is used ?\n\n>\n> 櫻井さんによりますと、「断る」という行為は、コミュニケーションの中でも最も難しい部類に入るそうです。日本では古くから「察し型」の文化が根付いていて、多くを語らなくとも相手が分かってくれるはずだと考える人が多いと。\n> **この一方で** 、断られた人は自分の好意がむげにされたと感じ、相手のことを悪く思ったり、「もう次からはやめよう」と考えたりするというのです。\n\nIt's not the same structure that in these sentences ?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tWtNz.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T14:37:52.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59336",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-13T07:16:22.830",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-10T09:15:21.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "25980",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between この一方で and その一方で?",
"view_count": 936
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is a difference in meaning.\n\n「 **そ** の一方{いっぽう}で」, as any dictionary would tell us, is a set phrase meaning\n\" **on the other hand** \", \" ** _in the meanwhile_** \", etc.\n\n「 **こ** の一方で」 is **not** a set phrase.\n\nIn the context provided, 「 **この** 一方で」 would mean \" ** _conversely_** \". The\nfirst half is told from the perspective of the 「断{ことわ}る人」 (ones who deny\nothers) and the second half (which is after 「 **この** 一方で」) is told from that\nof the 「断られる人」 (ones who are denied). Following me so far?\n\nThe contents of the two halves mentioned above, therefore, are not exactly\ncompared or contrasted. Thus, the translation \"on the other hand\" would not\nfit in. The best TL I could think of would be \"conversely\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-12T16:27:21.880",
"id": "59401",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-12T16:27:21.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "59336",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "As you may already know,「一方」 by itself can be used to indicate that the\nfollowing sentence(s) will be in a direction different from the preceding\nsentence(s). Please note that unlike 「反面」, which can only mean \"Conversely\"\n\"On the other hand\",「一方」 doesn't necessarily have to be moving in the opposite\ndirection, which is why it can also mean \"While\" \"Meanwhile\" depending on the\ncontext.\n\nAttaching 「その」 or 「この」 in front of 「一方」to refer to the context described by\nthe preceding sentence(s) is just a matter of a sense of distance/perspective,\nalthough it should be noted that 「その」 is far more common. It's similar to how\n「その中」and「この中」 are interchangeable when saying \"while XX was happening\" (Except\n「一方」 can be used by itself but 「中」 can't in this context).\n\nWith these interchangeable wordings, it really comes down to writing style and\nthe subtle nuances that the author wants to convey. The style in which that\nexample is written is obviously not a standard formal writing style (i.e.\n「なくとも」「多いと」「と言うのです」), and it appears to me that the writer is attempting to\nclose the distance between them and the reader. I would argue that the use of\n「この一方」is also part of that attempt to make the reader feel closer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-13T07:16:22.830",
"id": "59409",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-13T07:16:22.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18608",
"parent_id": "59336",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
59336
|
59409
|
59401
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "59344",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have found a question regarding these words here:\n\n[たたく versus ぶつ in a JLPT\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3769/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8F-versus-%E3%81%B6%E3%81%A4-in-\na-jlpt-question)\n\nWhich mostly deals with idioms, however.\n\nSo far as I understand it 殴る means somewhat violent beating and punching. What\nabout the other two?\n\nThere are questions like this on the Hinative and the other Japanese sites,\nbut I'm having trouble comprehending the answers and making a good distinction\nbetween the synonyms. Here are similar threads if these are of any help:\n\n<https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/6180065>\n\n<https://okwave.jp/qa/q5155677.html>\n\n[http://mixi.jp/view_bbs.pl?comm_id=2748&id=10547445](http://mixi.jp/view_bbs.pl?comm_id=2748&id=10547445)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T15:11:37.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "59337",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-10T01:59:38.910",
"last_edit_date": "2018-06-09T17:33:47.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "25801",
"owner_user_id": "25801",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"synonyms",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ぶつ, 叩く, and 殴る?",
"view_count": 714
}
|
[
{
"body": "hmm... the stackexchange link you posted has a top answer that seems pretty\nstraightforward to me. I will try to rephrase it to (hopefully) make it\nclearer:\n\n(尻を)ぶつ:\n\n```\n\n \"butsu\" means to lightly spank, to swat, or to smack someone/something gently, \n as in a tiny, open handed swat. It doesn't have to be on the butt, and doesn't\n necessarily cause pain.\n \n```\n\n(尻を)たたく:\n\n```\n\n \"tataku\" most commonly equates to \"hit\" or \"tap\", and in the case of 尻 \n it means to give someone a spank, or many spanks. But you also use this particular\n word when talking about hitting inanimate objects, such as drums, doors, desks, and so on.\n \n```\n\n殴る is the most violent of these words, and means to punch or strike\nsomeone/something with a fist or hard object. Using this word implies an\nintent to cause pain, injury, or damage.\n\nThere are further nuances to these words, but these are the most common, and\nthe ones I'm most familiar with.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-09T19:45:16.160",
"id": "59342",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-09T19:45:16.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "59337",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "* 叩く is a neutral word that can be used also with inanimate objects, such as a button, a drum, and a keyboard. It's not necessarily violent nor strong, so you can safely say 手を叩く (\"to clap\"), 肩を叩く (\"to tap/massage one's shoulder\").\n * 殴る is a definitely violent and offensive verb meaning attacking someone with a fist or a blunt weapon. It's usually used with animate objects, but someone really mad may do 画面を殴る, 壁を殴る, etc.\n * ぶつ is relatively uncommon among the three, and is almost always used with animate objects. It's not necessarily that violent, but implies a strong hit, anyway. For example 親父にぶたれた sounds more \"educational\" to me than 親父に殴られた. You can also say 転んで膝をぶった.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-10T01:59:38.910",
"id": "59344",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-10T01:59:38.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "59337",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
59337
|
59344
|
59344
|
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