question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60418",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the purpose of adding 束 to 約 if the meaning stays the same and the\nother meanings of 約 are enough different to not be mixed up with the one in\nquestion?\n\n> やく【約】の意味\n>\n> ［名］\n>\n> **１ 約束。取り決め。「約を交わす」「約を守る」**\n>\n> ２ 短く簡単にすること。また、そのもの。「長大な文章の約」\n>\n> ３\n> 「約音」に同じ。([source](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/221304/meaning/m0u/%E7%B4%84/))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T09:29:06.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60417",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T09:42:10.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 約 and 約束?",
"view_count": 167
}
|
[
{
"body": "The noun 約 is virtually not used in modern Japanese. If I understand\ncorrectly, it's not used even in official legal documents and such. Maybe an\nancient character in a fantasy novel or a samurai drama might use this?\n\nAnyway, 約 is too short, and people usually need a longer word for everyday\nusage. There are many kanji whose on-yomi is やく (訳, 役, 薬, 厄, ...). Please see\nthe discussion below.\n\n * [If 校 is the kanji for school, why do I need 学 to actually say school?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15111/5010)\n * [What's the difference between 重責 and 責任?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53781/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T09:36:56.443",
"id": "60418",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T09:42:10.467",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T09:42:10.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60417",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60417
|
60418
|
60418
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60422",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> アナウンス：皆様、本日はご来場ありがとうございます。午前十時現在の各館の 混雑状況と催しものの お知らせをいたします。まず、ロボット館はただいま、\n> 一時間待ちとなっております。ロボット館のレ ストランではロボットがランチ をお席までお運びをするサービスをしております。お昼近くになります と、さ\n> らに混雑が見込まれます。次に、未来館は現在すぐにお入りいただけます。なお、 未来館では一 時と三時に映画上映がございます。それから、化石館は現在 5 分\n> 程度の待ち時間でお入りになれますが、 11 時から恐竜ショウがございますので、 そろそろ混雑が始まることが予想されます。また、歴史館の待 ち時間は 30\n> 分程 度となっております。歴史館は会場が広いため、見学にお時間がかかります。余 裕を 持っておいでください。\n>\n> 男：結構込んでるね。効率的に見ないと、全館回れないよ。どこからみる？\n>\n> 女：映画は絶対に見逃せないから、時間に遅れないようにしようね。\n>\n> 男：ふん、分かった、分かった。じゃあ、それまで、どうする？レストランに行 く？面白そうだし。\n>\n> 女：並んでる時間がもったいないよ。きっと、お昼すぎたら、空くんじゃない？ 食べるのは遅くなって もいいよ。ええっと、恐竜ショウも今から一時間後か。\n>\n> 男：でも、今ならあまり待たないで入れるし、ショウ以外に見るものもあるんだ から。もうすぐ **込んできそうだし**\n> 、その前に行って見ちゃおうよ。ショウは無 理して見なくてもいいし。\n>\n> 女：そうだね。じゃ、その後は映画ね。\n\nsource: <http://japanesetest4you.com/pdf/n1-listening-7.pdf>\n\n**_Question_**\n\nFrom this conversation, I understand that 込んできそうだし means something like, it\nseems like it's going to be crowded soon.\n\nBut what is the grammar structure of 込んでき? What is the conjugation form being\nused here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T13:04:25.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60421",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T14:32:52.500",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T13:22:39.807",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"aspect",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "What is the conjugation form, grammar of もうすぐ込んできそう ？",
"view_count": 164
}
|
[
{
"body": "Maybe you've missed the subsidiary verb くる? Here's the breakdown:\n\n * こんで: te-form of the godan intransitive verb こむ, \"to be crowded\"\n * き: masu-stem (pre-masu form) of the subsidiary verb くる, \"(gradually) over time\" \n * [Difference between -ていく and -てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010)\n * そう(だ): \"to seem; to look like\"\n * し: conjunction for marking a reason, \"because\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T14:32:52.500",
"id": "60422",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T14:32:52.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60421",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60421
|
60422
|
60422
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> あなたの得意なスパニッシュフードを教えてください！私はそれを作ることにトライしたい。\n\nスパニッシュフード (Spanish food).\n\nトライ (try).\n\nI'm a bit surprised, because I'm almost sure that there are no-katakana\nequivalents for words like food and try.\n\nIs this a standard way of using katakana? Or the speaker is using more\nkatakana than usual to sound more \"Englishly\"?\n\n(Another one: ハードだろう)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T14:58:21.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60423",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T15:18:00.017",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T15:04:22.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "22787",
"owner_user_id": "22787",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Are the following standard ways of using katakana?",
"view_count": 68
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, it is not common **_at all_** to say 「スパニッシュフード」. We would mostly use\n「スペイン料理{りょうり}」 or 「スペインの食{た}べ物{もの}」.\n\nIt sounds to me like this person was talking to a non-Japanese person who does\nnot know much Japanese. (Is s/he speaking to **you** , perhaps?) The sentence\nitself would be very unnatural if said by one native speaker to another.\n\nFor how we would often phrase these, see @Chocolate's excellent comment above.\n\n「トライ」, on the other hand, is quite common. This is a fairly natural usage\nhere.\n\n「ハードだろう」 is not so strange, either, but again, I feel a \"reason\" for the word\nchoice, especially after seeing 「スパニッシュフード」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T15:18:00.017",
"id": "60424",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T15:18:00.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60423
| null |
60424
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60426",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "崩す is a transitive verb so it should have a doer(omitted or not)\n\nIn this sentence, the doer seems to be 彼, he destroyed himself with alcohol:\n\n> 酒で彼は身を崩した。 Drink brought about his downfall.\n\nBut in the following sentence, it doesn't work well to say that 彼 is the doer\nsince it seems that he is not voluntarily ill:\n\n> 彼は少し体調を崩して, 今週は学校を休んでいる. He has been off school with a slight illness this\n> week.\n\nIs the doer omitted in this sentence? If yes, is a sentence like 彼は風邪が体調を崩す\ncorrect to say that he is ill because of a cold?\n\nI don't find any occurrence on google search so I think it is not natural but\nI don't know why in this case?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T15:46:22.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60425",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T17:05:37.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Who is the doer when we use the verb 崩す?",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「彼{かれ}は少{すこ}し体調{たいちょう}を崩{くず}して, 今週{こんしゅう}は学校{がっこう}を休{やす}んでいる。」\n\nWithout a doubt, the subject/doer of the verb phrase 「体調を崩す」 would be 「彼」, but\nthat is not to say that 「彼」 voluntarily chose to become ill. You might have to\nforget the translated English word \"destroy\" here because that could fool you\nin your attempt to determine the \"doer\".\n\n「彼」 is the subject/doer of both actions 「体調を崩す」 and 「学校を休む」 in this sentence.\nThere is no unmentioned subject/doer here.\n\n> \"He has become slightly sick and has been absent from school this week.\"\n\nYou ask:\n\n> is a sentence like 彼は風邪{かぜ} **が** 体調を崩す correct to say that he is ill\n> because of a cold?\n\nNo, it is not correct, grammatical or natural-sounding. You can say instead:\n\n> 「彼は風邪 **で** 体調を崩す。」\n\nusing a 「で」.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T17:05:37.167",
"id": "60426",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T17:05:37.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60425
|
60426
|
60426
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How to ask someone \"Are you going to/attending X?\"; 'X' being a name of an\nevent (a concert/someone's wedding/etc.) My attempt:\n\n> Coachellaわいくの? \n> Are you going to Coachella?\n\nJust wondering if there's a better way to ask this.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T17:16:29.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60427",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-26T23:15:32.047",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-26T23:15:32.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30762",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to ask someone \"Are you going to/attending X?\"; 'X' being a name of an event (a concert/someone's wedding/etc.)",
"view_count": 889
}
|
[
{
"body": "Based on the context, I'm assuming your question is asking someone if he or\nshe is _intending_ or _planning_ to go the event we're calling \"X.\" That being\nsaid, you have two ways to express this question:\n\n * Xに行くつもりですか。[X ni iku tsumori desu ka.] \n * Xに行く予定ですか。[X ni iku yotei desu ka.]\n\nつもり /tsumori/ and 予定 /yotei/ both involve an intention or plan to do\nsomething, but there is a slight nuance between the two terms.\n\n * つもり means that you have an intention to do something. You may or may not actually form a definite plan, but it's just that, an _intention_.\n * 予定, on the other hand,indicates that you will go through with the intention (maybe you've made a plan that you will for sure be carrying out).\n\nThe short contrast is that つもり signifies intention, while 予定 signals a\nguaranteed or definite plan.\n\nNote that, for either term, the plain form of the verb needs to be used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-20T20:59:29.567",
"id": "61641",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-20T20:59:29.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31294",
"parent_id": "60427",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60427
| null |
61641
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60533",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: Manga shenanigans. Some normal people were taken to another world and\nshown magic there and brought back. Now back on Earth one of them is\ncommenting on how she still hasn't completelly accepted what happened there\nsubjectively. Then she says the following line.\n\n> 実際に「凄いところ」やあちらの世界\n>\n> お世話になっている場所を見せて頂いたので\n\nThe line split is like that in manga so I'm assuming there is a comma missing\nthere. But that's a bit besides the point.\n\nThe first line basically says:\n\n> Actually \"amazing thing (probably reffering to magic)\" and that\n> world/universe\n\nthe second line is a problem. 場所を見せて頂いた is fine. She is just saying that she\n(they) were allowed to see that place.\n\nThe problem is this bit **お世話になっている場所**. Now I know that \"お世話になっている\" means\nbasically to feel gratefull for or have obligation to someone who helped you.\n**But how does it describe a place here?** The only thing I'd guess is that it\nis the person speaking saying she is gratefull for being able to see that\nplace and magic and like in it.\n\nAdditional context: The next line is:\n\n> 受け止めるしかないところではあるんですが\n\nSo I think the entire thing is probably something like:\n\n> But given that we were able to actually see that “amazing thing” and that\n> world, which we are grateful for, I have no choice but to accept that that\n> thing (magic) is real, but…\n\nSo any help here?\n\n**PS: Additional additional context:**\n\nYes, the background image of the text shows the daughter of the person\nspeaking training to use magic at that place with her parents (one of them is\nthe speaker) who are muggles watching. So I guess お世話になっている場所 in this context\nmeans place where assistance (in training) is received?\n\n_bump_",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T17:25:07.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60428",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T21:52:35.343",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation/understanding お世話になっている場所",
"view_count": 159
}
|
[
{
"body": "お世話になっている場所 just means \"the place where (someone) is taken care of / looked\nafter\". Judging from the context OP provided, this お世話になっている場所 seems to refer\nto the training site where her daughter is learning how to use magic.\nお世話になっている suggests her mother (speaker) is thankful about how her daughter is\ntreated there.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T21:52:35.343",
"id": "60533",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T21:52:35.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60428",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60428
|
60533
|
60533
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60432",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was thinking of the word ピザ配達者, or ピザ人、but it doesn't read right.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T19:22:35.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60429",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T21:40:29.457",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-31T21:40:29.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What are the pizza delivery guys called?",
"view_count": 549
}
|
[
{
"body": "Most definitely _not_ ピザ人, unless you are thinking of a person from\n[Pisa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisa) (though I think that they are\ntechnically イタリア人.)\n\nI went to dominos.jp and found the following:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0wWU3.png)\n\nObviously, 配達｛はいたつ｝ is the word for delivery that is used in connection with\npizza. At that point a [simple dictionary lookup for\n配達](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%85%8D%E9%81%94) showed that\n[配達人｛はいたつにん｝](https://jisho.org/word/%E9%85%8D%E9%81%94%E4%BA%BA) is the word\nthat you are looking for.\n\n配達者 returned no results in the dictionary.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T21:05:05.927",
"id": "60432",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T21:05:05.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "60429",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60429
|
60432
|
60432
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60437",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does **織機** mean the device, while **機** means the concept?\n\nOr maybe one of them is more formal than the other?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T20:28:15.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60431",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T03:08:43.643",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T23:36:07.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 織機(しょっき) and 機 (はた)?",
"view_count": 68
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both refer to the device of weaving, but modern automatic power-looms are\nusually called 織機 (しょっき) or 織布機 (しょくふき). Traditional, manual looms are\ntypically called 機 (はた) or 機織り機 (はたおりき) in novels and fairy tales. In academic\ncontexts they're called 織機 anyway (see [Japanese Wikipedia on\n織機](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E6%A9%9F)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T23:47:12.733",
"id": "60437",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T03:08:43.643",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-27T03:08:43.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60431",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60431
|
60437
|
60437
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60436",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "(I'm sorry if it is a duplicate, I tried to search unsuccessfully)\n\nAfter 変わりつつある:\n\n> 農業の現場で起きている担い手不足によって、日本人の食卓の景色も変わりつつある **ー** 。\n> 取材を通してそうした実感を抱きました。([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180424/k10011415381000.html))\n\nI don't have the impression it generally appears in NHK news article...?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T21:06:22.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60433",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T02:06:24.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"title": "What does ー mean in this context?",
"view_count": 246
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's a ダッシュ. It also works [like an English em-\ndash](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12761/5010), but here it's adding\nan \"emotion\" to the sentence. It makes the sentence look somewhat like a\nmonologue. Its purpose here is the same as Japanese 三点リーダー (`…`) or English\nellipses.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T23:24:11.613",
"id": "60436",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T23:29:11.750",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T23:29:11.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60433",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The way I take it is that it represents a reflective pause -- showing the\nauthor to be lingering on the thought of the situation they have just\ndescribed -- not just reporting a bit of information matter-of-factly -- while\nalso inviting the reader to take a few moments to let the idea sink in and/or\nto form an image in their mind.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T02:06:24.583",
"id": "60439",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T02:06:24.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "60433",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60433
|
60436
|
60436
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60435",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was looking through an article of _The Japan Times_ and the comments on it.\nThere was this one comment that caught my attention. The commentator was\ntalking about a popular sports club and gym in Toukyou (Tokyo) that he goes to\nand he apparently has to put up with bad attitudes from the members and the\nstaff. He followed it up with a timeline of a typical visit to the gym in\nquestion, and the part relevant to my question is as follows:\n\n> 3:00 pm: I check in at the front desk and go into the locker room to change\n> into gym clothes. Being early afternoon, the entire locker room is pretty\n> much empty, so I choose a vacant locker in the corner. As I am in the middle\n> of changing, another guy comes in, looks at me and loudly utters, “atsui,\n> atsui!” (it’s really hot!) in Japanese. Then, despite the whole place being\n> empty, he selects the locker right next to mine while pinning me in the\n> corner. I finish changing and leave.\n\nAs you can see, the commentator romanized 「熱い、熱い!」 into “Atsui, atsui!” and\ntranslated it as “It’s really hot!”\n\nBut I don’t understand. What did the guy mean when he said that? I get the\nfeeling that he wasn’t talking about the weather.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T21:30:11.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60434",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T23:12:21.173",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does a Japanese person mean when they say 「熱い、熱い!」 in the following situation?",
"view_count": 364
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am pretty sure that he was talking about the weather. Simply, it was a hot\nday, and early afternoon is the hottest time of a day. The correct kanji is\n暑い. I don't know his intention, but maybe he was trying to draw the author's\nattention by saying it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T23:12:21.173",
"id": "60435",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T23:12:21.173",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60434",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60434
|
60435
|
60435
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I see お **早** うございます in a dictionary also being written as お **はよ** うございます but\nwhy is **早** even there if it's read as HA-YA, not HA-YO? How do they know how\nto morph readings of kanji in a phrase into something else if it's not in the\ndictionary?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-26T23:56:00.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60438",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T23:56:00.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26826",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Why 早 in \"good morning\" is read as HA-YO but no such reading of that kanji is in a dictionary?",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[] |
60438
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60441",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Until a few months ago, I am absolutely sure in every single train station I\nhad ever been the announcement was something along the lines of\n\"黄色い線の内側でお待ちください\".\n\nThen, out of the blue, one day the word 線 became ブロック. If I'm not wrong, I\nwould say that I noticed this mostly at Tokyo Metro stations, while JR seems\n(thank god) to still be using 線. This is just based on personal experience and\nI might be wrong.\n\nMy question is, why this sudden change? When exactly did it happen? Is there a\nparticular reason why what has always been a \"line\" needs to become a \"block\"?\nMore generally, is the choice of a loan word a coincidence? A very wild guess\ncould be that with the approach of Tokyo Olympics loanwords will increase even\nmore and hence that choice.\n\nAnyway, this has been bugging me for a while and I'm just curious to know if\nthere is any specific reason for this change.\n\nPS. My experience so far is only in Tokyo.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T02:11:29.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60440",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T13:10:51.767",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-27T07:20:49.247",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Why did the 黄色い線 become the 黄色いブロック?",
"view_count": 372
}
|
[
{
"body": "I doubt it's related to Olympics or internationalization; changing one word to\nan (English-origin) loanword will not help foreign tourists at all. Some\nnative speakers [seem to have noticed the same\ntrend](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14185519934),\nbut I could not find the authoritative reason.\n\nOne reason I can think of is that this yellow paving is currently becoming\nwider to the point where it's hardly called a \"line\". Until recently, this\nyellow 点字ブロック was made only of dotted blocks. But a recent government\nguideline says the dots should be accompanied by \"bars\" to indicate which side\nof the paving is safer to visually impaired people.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K7xlt.png) \n(image from 京阪電気鉄道's press release)\n\nNow this looks almost like a yellow _area_ rather than a yellow _line_. These\nbars are called 点字ブロック内方線, and an increasing number of stations are installing\nnew 内方線. So this may be why they started to call them simply as ブロック instead\nof 線. (Still, this is my guess.) Tactile paving has been called (点字)ブロック ever\nsince it was introduced, so I don't think it has something to do with \"recent\noveruse of loanwords\".\n\n**EDIT:** [This chiebukuro\nquestion](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14186139619)\nshows another reason why ブロック is better. 黄色い線 is confusing to visually\nimpaired people because a 線 can possibly refer to something they cannot\nperceive. By clearly saying 黄色いブロック, they can be sure that it refers to the\nthing they are absolutely familiar with.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T04:30:54.033",
"id": "60441",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T13:10:51.767",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-27T13:10:51.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60440",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
60440
|
60441
|
60441
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60445",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Japanese people use 湯を沸かす instead of 水を沸かす to say \"to boil water\", is it an\nexception or a general rule? Do we use the word 冷水 to say \"to cool down water\"\nfor example?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T10:29:53.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60443",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T11:57:20.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is 「湯を沸かす」 an exception or an example of a general rule?",
"view_count": 452
}
|
[
{
"body": "One could safely say that it is a general rule.\n\nWe say 「湯{ゆ}を沸{わ}かす」 to mean \" _ **to boil (cold) water**_ \". The phrase does\n_**not**_ mean \"to boil water that is already hot\" just because 「湯」 means \"hot\nwater\" all by itself.\n\n「湯」 is the _**result**_ of boiling cold water, but saying 「水を沸かす」 is not\nnearly as common as saying 「湯を沸かす」.\n\nThe pattern here is:\n\n> 「Finished Product + **を** + Verb」\n>\n> even though the finished product will not exist until the action described\n> by the verb is completed.\n\nOther examples:\n\n・「ローストビーフを焼{や}く」 (\"to make roastbeef\"). Literally, \"to roast roastbeef\" even\nthough what you roast (焼く) is raw beef. Illogical!\n\n・「穴{あな}を掘{ほ}る」 (\"to dig a hole\"). Same in English, sort of. Why dig (掘る) if\nthere is already a hole? What you are digging is the earth.\n\n・「ツルを折{お}る」 (\"to make a crane (in origami)\") What you really fold (折る) is\nplain paper, not a crane.\n\n・「シチューを煮{に}る」 (\"to make stew\") Why boil (煮る) stew? What you actually boil are\nthe ingredients. Weird.\n\n・「もちをつく」 (\"to make mochi\") What you pound (つく) is steamed mochi rice and not\nmochi itself! Gimme a break!\n\n> Do we use the word 冷水{れいすい} to say \"to cool down water\" for example?\n\nNo, 「冷水」 can only mean \"cold water\". \"To cool down water\" would be\n「水{みず}を冷{ひ}やす」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T11:46:19.990",
"id": "60445",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T11:57:20.513",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60443",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
60443
|
60445
|
60445
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60458",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard someone say チョンボを犯した in a situation where they could not possibly be\ntalking about 麻雀. I don't know if he plays 麻雀 or not, but it made me wonder,\nhow common is using チョンボ to mean mistake among people who don't play 麻雀?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T11:07:26.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60444",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T21:50:48.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Is チョンボ commonly used to mean mistake (outside of conversations about 麻雀), even by people who don't play it?",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, チョンボ can be used in non-mahjong situations. As you know, it is originally\na mahjong term, but its meaning of \"making a mistake\" has been carried over to\neveryday usage. It is even in\n[dictionaries](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C).\n\nAs for how common, I don't hear it all too often, but enough for me not to\nautomatically assume it's about mahjong just by hearing it.\n\nNote that there are many [mahjong terms that have made it into everyday\nuse](http://majandofu.com/mahjong-vocabulary#p10). テンパる、メンツ、リーチ、安牌、ワンチャン are\nones I still hear used a lot.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T21:50:48.363",
"id": "60458",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T21:50:48.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9508",
"parent_id": "60444",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60444
|
60458
|
60458
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60450",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "`サクランボ` means `cherry` in English.\n\nHowever, it is different from the direct conversion of cherry, `チェリー`.\n\nWhat is the origin of this word?\n\nWhich language does it originate?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T13:23:47.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60447",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T17:26:25.830",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-28T04:06:53.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "26635",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"history",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What is the origin of the foreign word サクランボ?",
"view_count": 368
}
|
[
{
"body": "# From Japanese (and perhaps some Chinese)\n\nThere is no borrowing here, as the opening part explicitly shows Japanese\n**sakura**. The etymology is, as most often assumed,\n\n```\n\n さくらんぼ < 桜{さくら}の坊{ボウ}\n \n```\n\n, where 坊 ‘monk’ could refer to the cherries being as smooth as a monk’s\nshaven head. The word is still spelt 桜ん坊 in Kanji, so there is nothing really\nsurprising here beyond kun plus on compound.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T13:50:06.170",
"id": "60450",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T13:50:06.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "60447",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
60447
|
60450
|
60450
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60451",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Do Japanese ever assign a name to a typhoon, or are they always numbered? In\nmost countries the name is more commonly used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T13:36:17.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60448",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T15:03:19.180",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-27T15:03:19.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Are typhoons more commonly referred to by number or name?",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, they are named according to the conventions, but colloquially they are\nmore or less always referred to by their ordinal number (reset every year).\n\nThe only place I personally can remember having seen the names mentioned in\nJapanese is on the website of Japan's Meteorological Agency (JMA). See e.g.\nthis one:\n\n台風第{たいふうだい｝12号｛ごう｝ (ジョンダリ)\n\n<http://www.jma.go.jp/jp/typh/>\n\nThe JMA has the official responsibility of naming Typhoons in the vicinity of\nJapan, where they cycle through a list of names. However there is also the\nPAGASA (Philippines) \"unofficially\" naming some of them. For details, please\nsee the extensive Wiki article:\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_naming#Western_Pacific_Ocean_(180%C2%B0_%E2%80%93_100%C2%B0E)>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T14:21:53.737",
"id": "60451",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T14:21:53.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "60448",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60448
|
60451
|
60451
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60452",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 東京都多摩市で２６日午後２時ごろ、つくっているビルが火事になって、５人が亡くなりました。ビルは３階建てで、 **地下３階まであります** 。 \n> Around 2 o'clock on the afternoon of the 26th in 多摩市 5 people died when a\n> building which was under construction caught fire. It's a three storey\n> building _and has as many as three basement levels_.\n\nI'm not convinced by my translation of 地下３階まであります. \n1) I would have expected to see が after 地下. \n2) What does まで mean here? My guess is that it means 'as many as', suggesting\nthat three basement levels is a surprisingly large number. \n3) If my translation is correct then do you not count underground floors when\nyou state how many storeys a building has (3 above ground + 3 under ground = a\n6 storey building)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T13:36:59.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60449",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T14:32:00.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Meaning of まで in 地下３階まであります",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「ビルは３階建{がいだ}てで、地下{ちか}３階{がい}まであります。」\n\nYou translated that to:\n\n> \"It's a three storey building and has **_as many as_** three basement\n> levels.\"\n\nThough it conveys all of the essential information expressed by the original,\n\"as many as\" might not be the best translation. I will come back to this in a\nsecond.\n\n> 1) I would have expected to see が after 地下.\n\nThat would have still be grammatical and fairly natural. If anything, however,\nit would have sounded just a tiny bit informal for news writing, which is a\nfairly \"formal\" type of writing. You would want to avoid sounding wordy even\nif it were by just one syllable.\n\n> 2) What does まで mean here? My guess is that it means 'as many as',\n> suggesting that three basement levels is a surprisingly large number.\n\nIt means \" ** _up to_** \" here. You seem to be thinking of another usage of\n「まで」. No surprise implied here as it is not like the building has 20 floors in\nthe basement while having only 3 above the ground.\n\n> 3) If my translation is correct then do you not count underground floors\n> when you state how many storeys a building has (3 above ground + 3 under\n> ground = a 6 storey building)?\n\nThat is correct. You only count what stands above the ground in saying\n「N階建{かいだ}てのビル」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T14:32:00.427",
"id": "60452",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T14:32:00.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60449
|
60452
|
60452
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60456",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does 9月とか10月なんですよ mean?\n\n> 日本で台風と言うと \n> 9月とか10月なんですよ \n> 7月に上陸とか聞いたことありません\n\nWe were chatting about typhoons. Does it mean \"What? We still have September\nand October, you know\"? In particular, I want to know what the \"なんですよ\" means.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T18:19:43.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60454",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T18:27:23.960",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-29T18:27:23.960",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What does 9月とか10月なんですよ mean?",
"view_count": 454
}
|
[
{
"body": "The とか used here is a way of listing, it's somewhat the informal counterpart\nof や, which means that it is a listing that goes on \"1, 2, 3...\"\n\nSo let's breakdown this chat:\n\n> 日本で台風と言うと - When it comes to Typhoon.\n>\n> 9月とか10月なんですよ - It is September, October...\n>\n> 7月に上陸とか聞いたことありません - I haven't heard of typhoons happening in July.\n\nTherefore:\n\n> When it comes to Typhoons, they usually happen in September, October... I\n> have never heard of Typhoons in July.\n\nAnother quick example where I use とか a lot:\n\n> Japanese Person: 日本のどこへ行ったの？Where did you go in Japan.\n>\n> Foreigner: 東京とか、京都とか、大阪に行ったよ。 I went to Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, etc.\n\nEdit: **\" I wanted to know what the nan desuyo meant.\"**:\n\nなんですよ is the contraction of なのですよ。 Basically, since this person is exaplaining\nto you something about Typhoons, he/she is adding the の particle, to add more\nemphasis to the explanation.\n\nNow, since 月 is a noun, you gotta add the な before it. Therefore, 月なのですよ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T19:53:36.630",
"id": "60456",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T22:34:42.113",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"parent_id": "60454",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60454
|
60456
|
60456
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60457",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 軽く１００人から２００人は超えている\n\nWhat I think it means: It easily exceeds 100 to 200 persons.\n\nI have thought about the fact that 超えている could take the place of まで but in\nthis case I think it would be 軽い instead of 軽く...?\n\nMore context:\n\n![1\\]](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iL44Y.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T18:32:11.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60455",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T21:03:21.943",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-27T18:37:30.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "25980",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can まで be dropped in the XからYまで structure even though the Y is said?",
"view_count": 58
}
|
[
{
"body": "Conjugation of 軽い to 軽く shows that it is meant to be modifying or playing off\nof a following verb. In this case, that verb would be 超える.\n\nI think that the main difficulty in deciphering this sentence is the fact that\nthey include a 'lowest figure' as well as a 'low figure'. This doesn't appear\nto be done in most cases using the 軽く超える expression. The reason for this (as\nfar as I can tell) would be done would be to indicate that it is **no less**\nthan 100 women.\n\nI believe that your translation is correct. Despite proffering a suggestion\nabove as to why the author phrased the sentence as they did, I do not see the\nsource as being a very well-constructed sentence. If it easily exceeds 200,\nwhy even mention the 100?\n\nIf you use [Shonagon](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/search_form), with\nthe search term '軽く超え' (quotes not necessary), 18 results appear. These\nresults only specify one number, which would be considered the 'low figure'\n(baseline). Following is one of the results:\n\n> 距離は思ったよりあり、二百メートルは **軽く超え** てしまった。\n>\n> The distance was more than expected, easily over 200 meters.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T21:03:21.943",
"id": "60457",
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"parent_id": "60455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60455
|
60457
|
60457
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60460",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On the Q&A site OKWAVE, it says that its purpose to help people resolve their\nquestions and/or problems, and it uses\n[悩み](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E6%82%A9%E3%81%BF) and\n[疑問](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%96%91%E5%95%8F).\n\nAccording to Weblio, 悩み has the meanings of “trouble(s), worry, distress;\nagony, anguish; a problem”, and 疑問 has the meanings of “(a) doubt; a problem,\na question”.\n\nDoes anyone know the difference between these two terms?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T22:21:48.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60459",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-27T22:58:00.877",
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"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 悩み and 疑問?",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "The relevant quote is shown and linked below:\n\n[「教えて（質問）」と「答える（回答）」を仲介し、みなさまが抱えている疑問や悩み、望みを『OK』な状態にし、それを『Wave（波）』のように世界に広げていくという意味を社名にいただいております。](https://www.okwave.co.jp/about/)\n\nThe key meaning of 悩み is a worry; a concern. Distress and anguish are also\nlisted as definitions. This is something that takes place in the mind of a\nperson. It is an emotional response (occasionally a disorder) usually caused\nby anxiety due to improper grasp of or lack of information, though it need not\nnecessarily be based in anything other people would consider reasonable or\nconcrete.\n\nThe key meaning of 疑問 is a question; a doubt. When happening internally, this\nis something that would not necessarily have an emotional component, more a\nbyproduct of the logical reasoning process or simple curiosity.\n\nSimplifying the translation of the expression 疑問や悩み to 'questions and\nconcerns' might make it more relatable.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T22:58:00.877",
"id": "60460",
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60459
|
60460
|
60460
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60466",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> A: この国の夏暑いですから…大変でしょう？\n>\n> B: 最初はビックリしました\n>\n> B: 「夏バテ」…と言ったかしら\n>\n> ダウンする子も出てしまって\n>\n> 食事も気を使いますしね～\n\nPreliminary translation:\n\n> A: Summers are really hot here so…was it difficult for you?\n>\n> B: We were surprised at first.\n>\n> B: I think it's called... heat illness.\n>\n> Downed kids also **?!?!**\n>\n> I also had take care what I cooked for them.\n\nContext: B has moved to Japan with family for the first time. It's July and\napparently B's family had a rough time with Japanese heat.\n\nThe problem here for me is the **ダウンする子も出てしまって** bit. **ダウンする子** is\nkids/children/girls who were downed by the illness. But I don't really get\nwhat **出てしまって** is doing here. Literally, and out of context, it would\nprobably mean something like, completely leave. But if I would use one of the\nmovement verbs to say someone got ill, I'd say someone got in/got under\nillness.\n\nSo what is it's meaning here?!?\n\nPS: Yeah, I know 出る has a lot of the meanings but I'm not sure which one would\napply.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T23:26:06.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60461",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T01:44:11.097",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Help with 出てしまって vis a vis people afflicted with disease",
"view_count": 63
}
|
[
{
"body": "ダウンする is shown on Weblio as 'to knock down'. In this case, it would read as\n'Kids who have been knocked down' or 'Kids who have been affected'. What they\nhave been knocked down by is the summer heat （夏バテ）.\n\nSome of the uses of 出る are to say that something has 'appeared', 'been\nrevealed', 'shown itself', or more relevant: 'been produced'.\n\nWhile the translation that I would suggest would be 'Some children have been\nnegatively affected by the summer heat, we're careful regarding what they\neat.', I think other (more paraphrased) translations such as 'Some kids have\nbecome ill from the heat. One must be cautious with their diet.' would also be\nfine.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T01:44:11.097",
"id": "60466",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 1
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] |
60461
|
60466
|
60466
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60464",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 言いたくなりますが、見ていませんよ！\n\nI have become a little confused about this sentence since it is not negative\nand still, in order to say _want to_ instead of たい、たく is used.\n\nOr maybe there was a misspelling when the author was writing the sentence, in\nwhich case it is 言いたくな **い** ＋ますが\n\nCould it be that this is not, in fact, a negative sentence and たく is used in a\npositive sense to convey the meaning _want to say_?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-27T23:39:02.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60462",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-14T02:47:01.300",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-28T02:09:47.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why たく isn't used in negative form in this sentence?",
"view_count": 406
}
|
[
{
"body": "「言いたくなります」＝「言う」+「たい」+「なる」+「ます」\n\nThere is no single \"negative\" element in this verb phrase.\n\nAmong the 4 words, I hope you know that **all but the last one 「ます」 need to be\nconjugated into their 連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative form\") in order to form the\ncorrect verb phrase**. In that process:\n\n「言う」 becomes 「言 **い** 」.\n\n「たい」 becomes 「た **く** 」.\n\n「なる」 becomes 「な **り** 」.\n\nAnd 「ます」 stays the same.\n\nThus, 「言いたくなります」 is a 100% correct verb phrase meaning \"I feel like saying\",\n\"(something) makes me want to say\", \"Every now and then, I want to say\",\ndepending on the context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T00:42:53.453",
"id": "60464",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-14T02:47:01.300",
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"score": 9
}
] |
60462
|
60464
|
60464
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can I express \"at least\" in the sense of \"it would be worse otherwise\"?\nFor example, \"[It may be cold, but] at least it's not raining,\" or \"[We're\nlost, but] at least we're together.\"\n\nI sometimes want to make this kind of comment in Japanese but I haven't come\nacross anything in my studies that seems equivalent.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T00:07:43.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60463",
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"owner_user_id": "30777",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How can I express \"at least\" in the sense of \"it would be worse otherwise\"?",
"view_count": 924
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can use a very handy set phrase, 少なくとも【すくなくとも】.\n\n少なくとも works when you talk about a quantity (you may already know this):\n\n> * 少なくとも100万円は必要です。 We need at least 1 million yen.\n> * 少なくとも5年は勉強しなさい。 You must study at least for 5 years.\n>\n\nAnd it also works when you talk about a situation that is better than\nsomething even worse:\n\n> * 少なくとも雨は降っていない。 At least it's not raining.\n> * 少なくとも何もしないよりはいい。 It's at least better than doing nothing.\n>\n\nAs you may have noticed, the contrastive-は is often used with this expression.\n([は on its own can have the meaning of \"at\nleast\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29438/5010).)\n\n* * *\n\n(I answered this question because you seem to be new to this site and it can\nbe seen as a focused [phrase-requests](/questions/tagged/phrase-requests \"show\nquestions tagged 'phrase-requests'\"), but please always try to include your\nprior effort/research in your question. Otherwise, it may be [closed as an\neffortless bulk translation\nrequest](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/796/what-questions-\nare-not-allowed-on-japanese-language-se#799).)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T10:20:40.543",
"id": "60484",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T10:20:40.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 3
}
] |
60463
| null |
60484
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I found this grammar structure\n\nN1もN1なら、N2もN2だ\n\nMy book explanation says that it means both N1&N2 are terrible.\n\nThey provide this example of usage.\n\n子どもが子どもなら、親も親だ。\n\nNow, there is also this sentence, which I can't translate into English, please\nhelp.\n\n> こんなつまらない商品を、売るほうも売るほうなら、買うほうも買うほうだ。\n\nAlso, why the を particle?\n\nThanks a lot.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T01:12:51.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60465",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T01:48:25.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 売るほうも売るほうなら、買うほうも買うほうだ。",
"view_count": 521
}
|
[] |
60465
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "sorry if my English is bad but neither English nor Japanese is my language.\ni'm new to Japanese too. I have a question that i hope you will answer it.\n\"赤ちゃんだんごはいつも幸せの中で\" This is from a song named \"だんご大家族”。i wonder will the\nsentence changes if i remove the element \"で”？ And what is it doing here\nexactly? Thank everyone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T03:37:20.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60467",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T03:58:09.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"usage",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "a sentence that ends with \"de\"",
"view_count": 4387
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it is leaving off a verb, such as [生]{い}きる. If so, I would read the\nsentence as \"The baby Dango is always (...) in happiness\" where the (...) can\nbe left out. If you remove the で, the sentence becomes more unfinished. It's\nlike, \"The baby Dango is always (...) happiness.\" I think that is more\nconfusing. It may be similar meaning if you replace the で with に however. This\nis my level of understanding, but please correct me if I am wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T04:16:22.917",
"id": "60469",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T04:16:22.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17742",
"parent_id": "60467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Judging from the [whole\nlyrics](http://www.kget.jp/lyric/47925/%E3%81%A0%E3%82%93%E3%81%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F_%E8%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA),\nthis で is simply the [te-form of the copula\nだ](http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/reference/grammar/conjugations-of-the-\njapanese-copula/). It's working like \"and\" or \"(and) so\". It's connecting the\ntwo clauses (mini-sentences), \"赤ちゃんだんごはいつも幸せの中 **だ** \" and \"年寄りだんごは目を細めてる\".\nThe first clause can often be the reason for the second clause (see: [te-form\n(て-form) for Cause or Reason](https://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/te-\nform-cause-reason.html)).\n\n * [How to parse 中国人で日本語が話せる方は、お電話ください。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24917/5010)\n * [The use of で in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60279/5010)\n * [Does this で mean である?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55822/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T09:57:01.083",
"id": "60483",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60467
| null |
60483
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60470",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my studies, I've come across the noun `人減` used in the context of\npopulation.\n\nAn example would be,\n\n`十一万人減`.\n\n`減る` means to diminish / decrease.\n\nThus, I hypothesize the meaning of this noun is to express\n\n`population has decreased [to 110 thousand]`.\n\nIs my assumption correct, or is the meaning different?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T03:40:01.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60468",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T09:46:39.593",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-28T04:42:53.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "26635",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Meaning of 人減 when used as a noun",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means \"decrease/drop (of population) by 110 thousand\".\n\n\"The population has decreased to 110 thousand.\" is translated as\n\"人口が、11万人にまで減った。\" and it means \"The current population is 110 thousand\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T04:25:42.833",
"id": "60470",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T09:46:39.593",
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}
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60468
|
60470
|
60470
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60472",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For context, I am writing a menu for a made-up restaurant, and want to provide\nEnglish and Japanese restaurants. This is an exercise I made up for myself. I\nwant to include a phrase that is like, \"A Japanese menu is available upon\nrequest.\" I have written this sentence, but I am not sure if the 敬語 is used\ncorrectly.\n\n> ご[所望]{しょもう}の方がいらっしゃいましたら、日本語のメニューもご[提供]{ていきょう}できます。\n\nI wanted to use the honorific form for 所望 (as it is describing the customer)\nand the humble form for 提供 (as it is the action of the business). I wasn't\nquite sure if 提供する should use ご～ or お～, but I think it is a Sino compound noun\n+ する type verb I picked ご.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T04:42:03.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60471",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-28T05:40:52.640",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-28T05:40:52.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "43676",
"owner_user_id": "17742",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Is this proper use of 敬語 in a business situation? ご所望の方の方がいらっしゃいましたら、日本語のメニューもご提供できます",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「ご所望{しょもう}の方がいらっしゃいましたら、日本語のメニューもご提供{ていきょう}できます。」\n\nThat reads quite well until the very end 「ご提供できます」.\n\nNormally, you can only 提供する the items (dishes, drinks, etc.) on the menu, but\nnot the menu itself. Thus, unless you are actually selling the Japanese menu\nitself, it would be more natural and appropriate to say:\n\n> 「日本語のメニューもご用意{ようい}しております」\n\nYour choice of the honorific 「ご」 is correct for Sino-loanwords.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T05:39:52.740",
"id": "60472",
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}
] |
60471
|
60472
|
60472
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can someone explain to me what あてがない means? I saw \"私はどこにも行くあてがないの\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T05:59:38.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60473",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T09:33:59.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30782",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Tell me what あてがない means",
"view_count": 302
}
|
[
{
"body": "Thank you for the context. Apparently 行くあて is 行く当て and means “somewhere to\ngo”.\n\nSo the sentence can be translated as “I don’t have any place to go”.\n\n当て in general can mean “purpose, goal, aim” etc. See also the verb 当てる (hit,\nstrike; hit the mark, guess right etc. )",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T07:43:10.090",
"id": "60478",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T07:43:10.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "60473",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "According to dictionaries, 当て has several different meanings:\n\n 1. aim; object; purpose \n\n> * 当てもなく歩く to wander aimlessly\n\n 2. expectations; prospects; hopes \n\n> * 返済の当てがつく to get a means for repayment\n> * 当てがはずれる to be contrary to one's expectation\n\n 3. something that can be relied upon \n\n> * 親を当てにする to rely on one's parents (esp. financially)\n> * 酔っぱらいの約束は当てにならない。 A promise of a drunkard cannot be relied upon.\n\n(English definition taken from jisho.org, examples taken from 明鏡国語辞典)\n\nNone of them fits your case perfectly, but the last two definitions are\nrelevant. In your case, 当て means something like \"a possible approach that have\ncome to one's mind\" or \"someone/something that may help you\".\n\n> * 何か当てはありますか？ Do you have any idea (to resolve this problem)?\n> * 俺に当てがある。 I have an idea. / I have someone in mind who may help us.\n>\n\nSo 私はどこにも行く当てがないの roughly means \"(I am helpless and) I don't have any idea\nwhere I should go.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T09:33:59.950",
"id": "60481",
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60473
| null |
60478
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60476",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am preparing for my exam and have a question about the purpose of using と in\na sentence. Does anyone know why と is used but not を before the verb 使います in\nthe sentence below?\n\nFrom my textbook みんなの日本語 II (pg.67):\n\n> 「頑張る」は日本人がよく使う言葉です。スポーツの試合で「頑張れ」、スビーチのまえに「頑張ってね」、いっしょに何かをするとき、「頑張ろう」など **と**\n> 使います。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T06:27:52.387",
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"owner_user_id": "30783",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と使います: Why と is used instead of を？",
"view_count": 299
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think と is being used here instead of を because it is indicating a quotation\nor the words that are being said. And also 使う here possesses the meaning of\nspeak + use.\n\nYou **USE** this word.\n\nNot in the sense of using an item. So it is a bit like 言う here.\n\nYou might also be interested in と感じられる、と思う、と見える。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T06:40:07.870",
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60474
|
60476
|
60476
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60477",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Cited passage:\n\n> 学生時代に末弘(厳太郎)先生から民法の講義をきいたとき「時効」という制度について次のように説明されたのを覚えています。金を借りて催促さ\n> れないのをいいことにして、ネコババをきめこむ不心得者がトクをして、気の弱い善人の貸し手が結局損をするという結果になるのはずいぶん不人情な話のよう\n> に思われるけれども、この規定の根拠には、権利の上に長くねむっている者は民法の保護に値しないという趣旨も含まれている、というお話だったのです。いま\n> 考えてみると、 **請求する行為によって時効を中断しない限り**\n> 、たんに自分は債権者であるという位置に安住していると、ついには債権を喪失するというロジック\n> のなかには、一民法の法理にとどまらないきわめて重大な意味がひそんでいるように思われます。\n\n(丸山眞男) Source:\n<https://ameblo.jp/knowledge184-columnist/entry-11166425820.html>\n\nI think the overage passage is saying that if one doesn't protect his rights,\nthen those rights might be loss. Now, I don't understand the highlighted\nsentence meaning and usage.\n\n請求する行為によって means [by the act of claiming (your money back)], while 時効を中断しない限り\nmeans [as long as it's not breaking the legal/valid period] right?\n\nSo how does it all fit in with the latter part of the sentence. To me, it\nseems like he's protecting his rights but then finally he loses it\n(ついには債権を喪失する). Please help translate.\n\n日本語でも英語でも大丈夫、教えてください。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T06:31:12.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60475",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-28T07:16:37.467",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Please help translate this sentence. 請求する行為によって時効を中断しない限り,",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "簡単にすると「請求する行為によって時効を中断しない限り、ついには債権を喪失する。」となります。「しない限り」は、英語でunlessです。\n\n英文だと、Unless you interrupt statute of limitations by the act of claiming (your\nmoney back), you finally lose your claim.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T07:09:50.247",
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60475
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60477
|
60477
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"body": "辞書では意味がとても近いので、聞きたいのですが、例えば、ビニール袋などで音を立てている時に、知らないおっさんに急に「うるさい！」または、「やかましい！」って言われたら、その言葉のチョイスで叱られた感は違いますか？\n\nまた、そのキツさは「あほ」と「ばか」のように地域・方言によって変わりますか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T14:28:32.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60485",
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"owner_user_id": "1761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "叱られる時に「うるさい！」と「やかましい！」のどちらがきついですか？",
"view_count": 2491
}
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[
{
"body": "東日本の人にとっては「うるさい」のほうがありふれた言葉なので直感的に響くということはあると思います。ただ、それがそのまま叱られた感につながるかは、人によりけりと言ったところではないでしょうか。私にはどっちもどっちです。\n\n関西の人にとっては「やかましい」もありふれた言葉なのでしょうが、私にはそのあたりはよくわかりません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T16:21:27.120",
"id": "60489",
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60485
| null |
60489
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{
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"body": "It appears that the character is limited to Katakana. Is the character used in\nwriting Hiragana and Kanji?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T14:42:27.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60486",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"katakana",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Is the ー (ちょうおん) character used with Hiragana and Kanji?",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're right that it is normally used in katakana, but it can sometimes be\nused in hiragana words, as a point of emphasis, to lengthen a sound more than\nit normally would be:\n\nうぜー \nかわいいー \nなのだー\n\nYou can add it to い adjectives. Otherwise, the word in question is generally\nwritten out in hiragana rather than in kanji, but it is apparently alright to\nadd it directly to a kanji for emphasis or silliness:\n\n長いー \n大きいー \n怖いー\n\n馬ー鹿ー！",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-28T16:17:59.273",
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"score": 3
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60486
|
60488
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60488
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{
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"body": "It appears to be common, but by no means universal, for artists/publishers to\ninclude 之圖 in _ukiyo-e_ title cartouches (sometimes ノ圖; written のづ in\naccompanying furigana; occasionally seen 圖 without the ‘no’). In terms of\nvarious print genres I am looking at, you might see 川中嶋大合戰之圖, a _Picture of\nthe Great Battle of Kawanakajima_ ( _Kawanakajima ō-kassen no zu_ ), or\n川中嶋大合戰, _The Great Battle of Kawanakajima_ ( _Kawanakajima ō-kassen_ ).\nStatistically I would hazard a guess that it’s 60:40 in favour of the ‘no zu’\nin _musha-e_ , but don’t quote me on that!\n\nSo, I’m interested in understanding why most institutional museums and auction\nhouses would simply drop ‘View of’ or ‘Picture of’ from their English\ntranslations, as if 之圖 never existed in the title. You would think that there\nwas a very specific, scholarly reason for doing this. Surely a historically\narbitrary or idiosyncratic practice would not become a largely conventional,\nWestern translation practice? For me, the omission is problematic, since I\nwould always aspire to faithful character transcriptions, transliterations,\nand translations, but I might be ignorant here. Relevant to this language\nstack exchange (I trust), my question is whether it’s a **reflection of the\nway the phrase is understood and regarded by a Japanese reader?** For\ninstance, using ‘no zu’ might well have been part of a cultural convention,\nbut conceptually it is ‘redundant’ and therefore not translated. Some kind of\nanachronism? Something almost tautological in a visual/textual sense? Hence,\nirrelevant in an English translation. I’m not sure when ‘no zu’ found its way\ninto visual art titles (at least mid-17th century), and if there is a\ncorrelative in fiction or other creative or performing arts.\n\nFor context:\n\n 1. Most museums record the Japanese characters as well as _rōmaji_ , albeit with the _shinjitai_ 図 instead of the _kyūjitai_ 圖, e.g. _The Great Battle at Kawanakajima_ ( _Kawanakajima ôgassen no zu_ ), 川中島大合戦之図, MFA Boston. However, they rarely write their titles beginning ‘Picture of ...’, as this example attests. This is especially so of the MFA Boston. Yes, there are exceptions: the MFA lists an artwork as _Picture of a Hakutaku_ ( _Hakutaku no zu_ ), 白澤之図. The Met lists in its collection: _Views of Foreigners_ ( _Gaikokujin no zu_ ), 外国人之図. Again, mentioning ‘Views’ is uncommon, unless it is a landscape with 景, けい, _kei_ (view, scene) in the title, or 勝景, しょうけい, _shōkei_ (scenic view), e.g. the Lavenberg collection’s _View of Nihonbashi Bridge in the Eastern Capital_ ( _Tōto Nihonbashi no shōkei_ ), 東都日本橋之勝景. \n\n 2. The only ramification I can see for including ‘Picture of’, is that you need to occasionally change the active present participle, e.g. it sounds better to write _Picture of the ‘Four Heavenly Kings’ Entering Ōeyama_ , instead of _Picture of the ‘Four Heavenly Kings’ Enter Ōeyama_ ( _Shitennō Ōeyama iri no zu_ ), 四天王江山入之圖.\n\n 3. Would love to know if anyone has insights into this, since from a Western perspective, it would seem strange for a museum or a catalogue raisonné to omit ‘View of’ from a C19th artwork that has clearly been labelled ‘View of the River Thames’ by the artist him or herself. Or, change an C18th title ‘Map of Van Diemen's Land’ to ‘Map of Tasmania’, simply because no one refers to it as Van Diemen’s Land any longer!\n\nNot quite sure how to tag this question... it might be an outlier.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-28T15:32:26.733",
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"owner_user_id": "26637",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"etymology",
"syntax"
],
"title": "The convention of including/omitting ‘no zu’ (之圖) in translations",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "Because \"translation\", in the best sense, means replacing some writing in one\nlanguage with writing in another language which gives, as far as possible, the\nsame information, and much more, the same subjective impression as the\noriginal. If the original is pedantically straightforward, the translation\nshould be pedantically straightforward. If the original gives a tinge of\nshock, so should the translation. (And so on.) Note that there is nothing here\nabout what most people seem to think \"translation\" means, i.e. \"Replace each\nsource language word with its corresponding target language word, then\nreshuffle a bit, until it looks passable.\"\n\nNow there is really no question to be answered: to the English reader a\n\"Picture of ...\" is (often) going to be surprisingly pedantic, in a way that\nthe original was not to a reader of the time. (That is another interesting\npoint: translation typically goes from a source of whatever period, to the\ntarget of the current day, making translations more immediately understandable\nthan the original.) And as you point out, it is often grammatically\ninconvenient to stick \"Picture of...\" in front, since this forces the rest of\nthe title to be a noun phrase, which may be a serious constraint on the\ntranslation of the rest of the title.\n\nAlthough exceptions are extremely common, I think there is a general tendency\nfor the referent of a Japanese title to be the document (the picture, the book\nin your hand, etc) whereas the referent of the English title is the _subject_\nof the document. Sorry, I can't immediately give a reasoned basis for this\nwith lots of good examples; this is based on experience of translating many\ndocuments (mostly technical, so this is not a curiosity of the art world).\n\nI don't really understand your point 3: obviously, if you are writing the\noriginal title, you don't change it. The problem is that translation ''means''\nchanging the title, and complaints about the translation being \"different\"\nalmost always go back to the misunderstanding of translation as a \"word-\nreplacement\" operation. As for the geographical name problem, if you are\nincluding and 18th century map of Tasmania, calling it that seems utterly\nappropriate, since this is a description of the document, rather than a\n\"title\" as such. Of course, if this is in an article, you would expect to\nmention somewhere what Tasmania was called in the 18th century.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T06:00:51.083",
"id": "60504",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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] |
60487
| null |
60504
|
{
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"body": "邪魔な住民どもを排除するとしよう\n\nThis is a sentence from episode 1 of \"働く細胞\", that's airing this season. What's\nthe difference from just saying 排除しよう？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T18:45:39.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60490",
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"owner_user_id": "11431",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What meaning does としよう have in this sentence?",
"view_count": 64
}
|
[] |
60490
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The description says\n\n> 未鑑定の為、模写として出品致します。\n\nDoes it mean the artwork being auctioned is not authentic and only a copy or\ndoes it mean because it is not identified the owner can not guarantee the\nauthenticity?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T19:26:32.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60492",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T02:19:40.003",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-29T01:55:52.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30790",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 未鑑定の為、模写として出品致します mean?",
"view_count": 77
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 未鑑定の為、模写として出品致します。\n\nIt says \"Because it hasn't been identified by an expert, I'm putting it up for\nthe auction as a copy.\"\n\n> Does it mean the artwork being auctioned is not authentic and only a copy or\n> does it mean because it is not identified the owner can not guarantee the\n> authenticity?\n\nSo I'd say it's the latter, rather than the former. (They're not saying it's a\ncopy, but that they're submitting it as a copy.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T02:14:10.973",
"id": "60497",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T02:19:40.003",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-29T02:19:40.003",
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60492
| null |
60497
|
{
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"body": "> 私たちの悲願、奇跡に至ろうとする切望はどこからきたものなのか。私たちは何の為に、人の身であるままに、人あらざる地点に到達しようとしていたのか。\n\nI'm having some problems with understanding not just the meaning of \"人の身である\"\nbut the meaning of \"人あらざる\" too in the context behind them. Can someone explain\nfor me in their respective context the meaning of these expressions/words?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T20:58:32.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60494",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T02:58:51.373",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-29T01:30:42.140",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of \"人の身である\" and \"人あらざる\"?",
"view_count": 358
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「私たちは何{なん}の為{ため}に、人{ひと}の身{み}であるままに、人あらざる地点{ちてん}に到達{とうたつ}しようとしていたのか。」\n\n身 ＝ 身分{みぶん} ＝ \"social status\", \"rank\", etc.\n\n人の身であるままに ＝ \"as mere humans\"\n\nあらざる ＝ ～でない ＝ \"to not be\" あらざる is a literary/archaic version of ～でない\n\n> \"For what reason were we as (nothing but) mere humans trying to reach the\n> point where we would no longer be humans?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-29T02:58:51.373",
"id": "60500",
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60494
| null |
60500
|
{
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"body": "As you can see in this one [Wikipedia\narticle](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Yakuza_syndicates), there is\na long list of these syndicates. Not only that, but most of them have 組 or 会\nas a suffix.\n\nAccording to Weblio, [組](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%B5%84) has the\nmeanings of “A company, a party, a team, a crew, a gang”, and\n[会](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BC%9A) has the meanings of “A society,\na club, an association”.\n\nIs there a difference between the two suffixes when they are applied to crime\nsyndicates? I'm just curious.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-28T21:18:40.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60495",
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"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "In terms of Japanese crime syndicates, what is the difference between 組 and 会?",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "～組 usually follows a founder's family name (e.g., 山口組, 東組, 浅野組). This is\nbecause ～組 was originally a naming convention of Japanese carpenters, who\nworked in a smaller, family-like organization in the past. There are still\nmany (benign) general contractors named like `family-name + 組` in Japan (see\n[this\nlist](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3)).\nJapanese yakuza borrowed their convention.\n\n～会 is a more generic suffix which can follow a place name (e.g., 住吉会 named\nafter Sumiyoshi Town, Tokyo), a \"concept\" (e.g., 共政会 \"cooperatively governed\",\n旭琉會 \"rising sun of Okinawa\", 親和会 \"fellowship\") as well as a person name (e.g.,\n工藤会 founded by Genji Kudo). There are tons of NPOs named like ～会.\n\nAnyway, once it has been established as the name of an organization, there is\nno meaningful difference.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T05:03:16.580",
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60495
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60503
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60503
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"accepted_answer_id": "60502",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/StSzc.png)\n\n<https://fontawesome.com/v4.7.0/icon/language>\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UhkvT.png)\n\n<https://fontawesome.com/icons/language?style=solid>\n\n(Somewhat unrelated but what are those kanjis? I guess the lower one is 文? Is\nthe upper one just a variation of the same kanji or is it a different one? -\n_Sorry, I'm illiterate when it comes to kanji._ )\n\nI assume that to an English reader the kanji here doesn't matter much and I\nthink any non-english symbol would pass (at least in the right context), but\nfor a Japanese reader? Are those kanji a Chinese thing only perhaps or\nrecognized in all kanji-using countries?\n\nAnd most importantly: Would it be weird to use those on a Japanese website?\n\nThanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T02:48:37.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60499",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T04:29:03.650",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-29T02:54:49.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "7157",
"owner_user_id": "7157",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Would a japanese person recognize this icon (fa-language) to represent translation or language change?",
"view_count": 166
}
|
[
{
"body": "The lower one is indeed 文, a kanji meaning _sentence_ or _text_. The icon\nmakes perfect sense to Japanese audience, too. The upper one is not a kanji I\nknow, but it looks like a [Korean consonant\nㅊ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GuM4LBBsVQ) (it probably does not have its\nown meaning). If you only target at Japanese audience, I recommend you use the\nlower one.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T04:29:03.650",
"id": "60502",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "60499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60499
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60502
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60502
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60506",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the Japanese word for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, where does the パ before 腫\ncome from?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T08:23:11.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60505",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T15:56:57.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30795",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"katakana"
],
"title": "What's the パ in 非ホジキンリンパ腫?",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "Lymph = リンパ\n\nLymphoma = リンパ腫\n\nThere is nothing mysterious about it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T09:07:38.017",
"id": "60506",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T09:07:38.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "60505",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "user27280 has the right of it.\n\nSome additional information:\n\n * リンパ is historically found in kanji as 淋巴.\n * The term is a borrowing from Dutch **_lympha_** (now archaic, replaced by **_lymf[e]_** ), in turn from Latin **_lympha_** (\"pure water\"), in turn from Ancient Greek **_νύμφη_** ( _nymphe_ , \"bride; spring water\"), and also cognate with English **_nymph_**.\n * My sources (Daijirin, Daijisen, Shogakukan's Kokugo Dai Jiten) don't give enough detail to suss out when this was borrowed. However, given the 淋巴 kanji spelling and the archaic Dutch etymon (root), I'm inclined to think that this was an early borrowing from the 1600s (compare 煙草 ( _tabako_ ), a similar early borrowing that has nativized kanji spellings).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T01:14:12.083",
"id": "60535",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T15:56:57.927",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T15:56:57.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "60505",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60505
|
60506
|
60506
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60509",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Just learned that the honorific equivalents of nephew and niece in Japanese\nare: **甥御** and **姪御** , which raise the question:\n\n**How come 御 functions as a suffix instead of a prefix which is the case we\nusually see? Are there other common examples of this phenomenon?**\n\nIncidentally, according to goo辞書, they are generally written in kana instead\nof kanji. I used their kanji for the sake of clarity.\n\n*Been slacking off with my Japanese lately, but よろしくお願いいたします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T10:40:29.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60507",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T14:22:46.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Honorific suffix 御 as in 甥御 and 姪御?",
"view_count": 332
}
|
[
{
"body": "御 _-go_ is a suffix, distinct from the prefix _go-_. The suffix is used to\nshow \"light respect\" towards human beings only, mostly after family terms (so\nnot for general nouns like _go-Iken_ , etc.). The _Kokugo Daijiten_ dictionary\nattributes it to an abbreviation of 御前 _Goze_.\n\n_Goze_ , _Gozen_ was originally a word for nobility, then a respectful term\nfor adult women, then a respectful term _of address_ for women (a treatment\npronoun). By the 13th century we see _-goze_ used as a polite suffix; in the\n_Heike Monotagari_ ( _Tale of the House of Taira_ ) we have characters\naddressing others like やや副将御ぜ _Yaya, Fukushō-goze…_ “Well now, Lord Vice-\ncaptain…”\n\nIn the same work we have the first known appearance of _-go_ as 母御 (modern\n_Haha-go_ ). By the time the Jesuits came and described the language, around\n1604, [they found it in\nuse](https://books.google.de/books?id=GB8YAAAAYAAJ&dq=V%C3%B4gigo&hl=de&pg=PA320#v=onepage&q&f=false)\nfor the whole family: _Faua-go_ ( _Fawa-go_ , modern _Haha-go_ ), _Tete-go_\n(father), _Vôgi-go_ (ヲウチゴ _Wōdji-go_ , modern _Ojī-go_ , grandfather (not\n_Ōji_ , prince)), _Ani-go_ older brother, _Vototo-go_ ( _Wototo_ > _Otōto_ ),\n_Vba-go_ ( _Uba-go_ > _Uba_ ), _Vôba-go_ ( _Wōba_ ?> _Obā_ ), \"&c.\".\n\nThe Jesuits explain of _-goien_ ( _gojen_ = ごぜん; ぜ was like じぇ at the time)\nand its reduced form _-go_ that:\n\n> The first particle of these two [=ごぜん] is proper solely for women, & honour\n> them in the manner of _Sama_ , out of respect for the noble people to whom\n> such women belong. […] _-Go_ [, by contrast,] is proper for men & women.\n\nNotice that this is already different from the use of _-goze_ to address the\ncaptain in the _Heike_. Apparently the longer form became sufficiently\nassociated with women that the shorter _-go_ replaced it as a gender-neutral\nsuffix.\n\nSources:\n\n * _Kokugo Daijiten_.\n * _Arte da lingoa de Iapam_ (my translation).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T11:58:58.787",
"id": "60509",
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"last_editor_user_id": "622",
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "60507",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60507
|
60509
|
60509
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60511",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading 宇宙よりも遠い場所. Right off the beginning comes a sentence:\n\"誰にも理解されなくたっていい\".\n\nI am sure it means \"It is OK that it is not understood by anybody\". However,\nthe されなくた puzzles me:\n\n 1. Shouldn't ない past form be なかった?\n\n 2. I google 理解されなくた and Google only returns 理解されなくて.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T11:46:37.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60508",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-21T18:17:16.003",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-21T18:17:16.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "17615",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "What does なくた mean in 理解されなくたっていい?",
"view_count": 580
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are parsing the sentence incorrectly.\n\n> 「誰{だれ}にも理解{りかい}されなく **たって** いい。」\n\nIt is されなく + たって and not され + なくた.\n\n「理解されなく」 is the negative passive-voice form -- \"not being understood\".\n\n「たって」 is a colloquial way of saying 「ても」. You have surely encountered 「～～てもいい」\nbefore, I presume.\n\n> \"I would not care (even) if no one understood me.\"\n\nOr more literally,\n\n> \"I would not care (even) if I am not understood by anyone.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T12:24:15.127",
"id": "60511",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-19T22:18:07.927",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-19T22:18:07.927",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60508",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
60508
|
60511
|
60511
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60534",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am aware of the usual meanings of the お世話 in reference to someone [helping,\ntaking care of\nsomeone](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18868/explaining-the-\nphrase-%E3%81%8A%E4%B8%96%E3%81%9B%E8%A9%B1%E3%82%8F%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-and-%E3%81%8A%E4%B8%96%E3%81%9B%E8%A9%B1%E3%82%8F%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F).\nBut recently I ran into sentences where it was used to describe a place where\nsomeone is being trained and working:\n\nFirst one ([context described\nhere](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/60428/translation-\nunderstanding-%E3%81%8A%E4%B8%96%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E5%A0%B4%E6%89%80)):\n\n> 実際に「凄いところ」やあちらの世界、 **お世話になっている場所** を見せて頂いたので受け止めるしかないところではあるんです\n\nSecond one:\n\nContext: Mother B is entrusting her daughter to Mother A who will be working\nat the same place as her daughter.\n\n> A, 娘が **お世話になる職場** の方としてご近所の母親友達として母子共々よろしくお願いします\n\nGiven these examples it seems it can also be used to describe work\nplaces/places of training? Can someone explain the logic behind this? Because\nI can't really find any interpretation that isn't it meaning that someone is\ndoing someone some favor/help, so could anyone explain the logic behind this?\n\nI'm assuming it's something cultural/politeness thing.\n\n**EDIT** : Clarification:\n\nIt's as goldbrick assumed. The problem here isn't so much the grammatical side\nof things and the relative clauses, I tend to get them. Problem is more that\nin my cultural background if you said:\n\n> place where someone is taken care of/looked after etc.\n\nor\n\n> workplace where someone is taken care of...\n\nfrankly I'd assume they are talking about a hospital or something and not in a\nmillion of years it would occur to me that it could be tied to a workplace or\nsomewhere someone is being educated trained.\n\nContext wise, the character has basically joined a type of military, so they\nwill be trained in using their skills and will work for that organization. So\nit's definitely not one way thing where some place or some work place is where\nsomeone is just being given help.\n\nNOW that it has been brought to my attention I kinda can see it, thinking is\nprobably that colleagues/company will look after someone or something. Unless\nsomeone has a better way of explaining how Japanese think about this.\n\nTo put it another way, **SPECIFICALLY, I wonder how one should go about\ntranslating this into English so it makes sense to English speakers**. I guess\nsimply dropping that bit or replacing it with what we ASSUME/what kind of\n\"help\" is being done is one way to go about it but that feels like making a\nbit too many assumptions about authorial intent.\n\nI hope I'm now clearer about what my question (if it's even a question TBH) is\nabout.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T14:31:19.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60513",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T12:16:41.097",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T10:14:56.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "26839",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Meaning of お世話になる vis a vis place of work or place where someone is being trained",
"view_count": 460
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is not specific to お世話になる, a set expression that is used with gratitude\nand means \"to be treated well\" or \"to be taken care of\" as a whole. It's not\nrelated to cultural/politeness things, either. This is just how Japanese\nrelative clauses work. What you are seeing is an _adverbial-head_ relative\nclause constructed from:\n\n> 娘はこの場所でお世話になっている。 \n> My daughter is taken care of in this place.\n\nMove この場所 to the end, **drop で** , change は to が, and you'll get 娘がお世話になっている場所\nor \"the place where my daughter is taken care of\".\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Relative clauses distinguishing whom/with which/that](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14541/5010)\n * [Relative clauses types and confusion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39551/5010)\n * [How is the subject of this subclause made clear?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54666/5010)\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** Looks like my translation of \"to be taken care\" was misleading.\nSorry for my bad English. (But then isn't this question a duplicate of [the\nquestion you linked](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18868/5010)...?\nYou've seen the linked question and understood what's written there, right?)\n世話になる is an intransitive verb that refers to every good thing someone has been\ndone from someone else, and this word is always used with the mood of \"thank\nyou\" or \"kindly\". That's why お世話になりました by itself is a polite way to say \"Thank\nyou (for everything you have done to me/us up until today)\" in Japanese, and\nyou can say this to your teacher, your physician, your boss, your lawyer, your\nparents, or anyone who has been kind to you. Anyway, to translate\n(娘が)お世話になっている場所, you can just use \"the school\", \"the office\", \"the hospital\",\n\"the training site\", etc., depending on the context. After all, it refers to a\nplace, and including the nuance of お世話 is not really critical in this context.\nBut you really need to include the nuance of \"thank you\", something like \"the\nplace where you are _kindly_ training my daughter\" might work.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T22:01:41.897",
"id": "60534",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T12:16:41.097",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T12:16:41.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "You are right.\n\nJapanese people often use “お世話になっている場所” to describe a workplace.\n\nIn the background, they infer that you are taken care of by colleagues and\nsuperiors in a workplace.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T01:28:08.683",
"id": "60536",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T01:28:08.683",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30806",
"parent_id": "60513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60513
|
60534
|
60534
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60515",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why is が added at the end of この小娘が? Is something being omitted here? Is it\njust a figure of speech?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T15:19:22.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60514",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T07:42:26.413",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T07:42:26.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "11431",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"particles",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "Why is が added at the end of この小娘が?",
"view_count": 437
}
|
[
{
"body": "Nothing is omitted there.\n\nThis 「が」 is a sentence-ending particle expressing insult, swearing, cussing,\netc. It is often pronounced 「がっ」 by us native speakers, too.\n\n> 「この小娘{こむすめ}が（っ）！」\n\nThus means:\n\n> \"You little slip of a girl!\" or\n>\n> \"You little bi***!\"\n\nThe \"right\" translation will always depend on the context.\n\nLastly, the suffix of insult 「め」 is often inserted between the noun and the\n「が（っ）」 (but not in that clip).\n\nTo be fair, it can be hard to say 「こむす **めめ** 」 with the double-め when the\nlast thing you want to do in cussing is to stutter.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T15:29:21.520",
"id": "60515",
"last_activity_date": "2021-06-30T02:15:50.873",
"last_edit_date": "2021-06-30T02:15:50.873",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
60514
|
60515
|
60515
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I learned that in Japanese you can put a sentence in front of a noun without\nの: like \"買った本\" or \"もらったプレゼント\".\n\nIn a JLPT N3 sample question I encountered \"オープンしたばかりのレストラン\". Could I omit the\nの and just say \"オープンしたばかりレストラン\"?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T15:57:10.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60517",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-28T17:01:27.683",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17615",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Why there is a の in オープンしたばかりのレストラン?",
"view_count": 191
}
|
[
{
"body": "When you're modifying a noun with a verb phrase (e.g., 美智子が買った本), no particle\nis used between the verb phrase and the modified noun. However, ばかり acts like\na noun, and when you're modifying a noun with a noun phrase in Japanese, the の\nparticle is required. If it's helpful, think of オープンしたばかりのレストラン as the same\nconstruction as:\n\n> 美智子が買った本のブックカバー\n\nWhether ばかり is _actually_ a noun is an interesting question. (It seems to me\nthat it is, but I'm not sure.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T16:23:03.523",
"id": "60521",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T16:23:03.523",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "60517",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60517
| null |
60521
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60520",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「なでさすられて」 の文法を詳しく説明していただけませんか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T16:05:35.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60519",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-06T19:40:17.683",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-06T19:40:17.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「なでさすられて」の文法は何ですか。",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "まず、「撫{な}で摩{さす}る」ですが、これは複合動詞です。ふたつの動詞が結合してひとつの動詞として機能します。「撫でて摩る」(\"to stroke &\nrub\") という意味になります。\n\n「られて」は「られる」のテ形で、 **受け身** を表します。Passive voice です。\n\n従って、「なでさすられて」は他の人に「なでられて、（そして）さすられて」という意味になります。英語で確認しておきますと、\"to be stroked and\nrubbed\" です。\n\n文法的には、「受け身」または「受動態」と呼ばれています。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T16:17:43.357",
"id": "60520",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T23:18:23.847",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-31T23:18:23.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60519",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60519
|
60520
|
60520
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60526",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I saw this one in one my books and was wondering how it gets translated\ninto John slept five hours yesterday.\n\n> ジョンさんはきのう五時間しか寝ませんでした.\n\nAny kind of explanation is appreciated, my book maybe covers it? But I can't\nseem to find an answer.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T16:25:42.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60522",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T14:39:45.623",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T09:10:55.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30786",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"past",
"particle-しか"
],
"title": "Meaning of ジョンさんはきのう五時間しか寝ませんでした 。",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "When you use しか it takes the negative form of the verb. It means that a person\nonly does that and nothing else. A more accurate translation of your sentence\nwould be John slept for 5 hours (and did not sleep any longer)\n\n> 水しか飲みません \n> I only drink water and nothing else\n>\n> チョコレートしか食べません \n> I only eat chocolate and nothing else\n\nしか is also used with だけ\n\n> 君だけしか守りたくない \n> I just want to protect you and nobody else",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T19:47:15.163",
"id": "60526",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T14:39:45.623",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T14:39:45.623",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30801",
"parent_id": "60522",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60522
|
60526
|
60526
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "So the sentence is \" そういう相手は力で叩き潰して教えるに限る\" which translates to \"people like\nyou need to be crushed by force.\" I'm confused on why it isn't written\nas\"そういう相手を\"。If は is used could it also be translated as \"people like you\nshould crush (things) by force\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T19:35:47.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60524",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T19:35:47.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30801",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Confusion on は being used",
"view_count": 54
}
|
[] |
60524
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60532",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "can anyone explain how do i use kibou in a sentence. I wrote this sentence in\nmy assignment.\n\n私は卒業したあと、やりたいと思う仕事を見つける事を希望しています。 My teacher corrected this sentence as\n\n私は卒業したあと、やりたいと思う仕事を見つけたい。\n\nI don't understand how should I use the word kibou in a sentence. What exactly\ndoes kibou mean and in what situation should i use it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T19:52:12.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60527",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T01:33:40.893",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-29T21:46:26.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30803",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "「希望」の使い方・意味、類似表現",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your attempt is grammatical, but I think your teacher thought it was\nunnecessarily grandiose and stiff. (I think you already know the difference\nbetween [wago-and-kango](/questions/tagged/wago-and-kango \"show questions\ntagged 'wago-and-kango'\").) Although we see 希望 used in songs and documentary\nvideos all the time, 希望 is not a word we use on a regular basis. When you want\nto say \"I hope so\" or such in a daily situation, usually you should use ～たい,\n～たいと思う, ～(だ)といいですね, ～れば良いと思います, etc.\n\nStill, you can use 希望 when you seriously declare your choice. It's perfectly\nfine to say 私の将来の希望は教師になることです or 将来看護師になることを希望しています in an interview or such.\nIf you have a chance to [write a Japanese curriculum\nvitae](https://blog.gaijinpot.com/write-japanese-resume/), you may see\n本人希望記入欄. Japanese high school students often fill a form called 進路希望調査 to tell\nteachers their intended future course.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T21:41:14.453",
"id": "60532",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T21:41:14.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60527",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "希望しています is a formal expression (ex. used in a job interview).\n\nIn a casual conversation, したい is natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T01:33:40.893",
"id": "60537",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T01:33:40.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30806",
"parent_id": "60527",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60527
|
60532
|
60532
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How would you say, I saw that movie for the first time? Would you use 初回 or a\ndifferent word like 第一回? What are the differences between using these words to\ndescribe the \"first time\" doing something if there are any?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T20:39:28.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60529",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T08:31:07.543",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-29T20:53:45.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "What is the proper way to use 初回?",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "An adverb 初めて means \"for the first time\", and you should be using this in most\nsituations. See [this\npage](http://\\[this%20page\\]\\(https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E5%88%9D%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6\\)%20for%20the)\nfor examples.\n\n初回 is a relatively uncommon kango noun (see [Sino-Japanese\nvocabulary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary) and [wago-\nand-kango](/questions/tagged/wago-and-kango \"show questions tagged 'wago-and-\nkango'\")). It's a stiff word used mainly in serious business articles or in\ntechnical/academic contexts. If you don't know how to use 初めて (JLPT N5 word),\nyou may revisit 初回 after you have reached the N3 level. 第n回 is a way to count\nevents that are held regularly (e.g. 第25回XYZコンテスト = \"The 25th XYZ Contest\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T21:18:45.623",
"id": "60531",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T21:42:15.307",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-29T21:42:15.307",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60529",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I saw that movie for the first time. 私はあの映画を初めてみた。 for the first time = 初めて\n\nWould you use 初回 or a different word like 第一回? No. 初回 and 第一回 means “the first\ntime” ,Noun.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T08:31:07.543",
"id": "60547",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T08:31:07.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30806",
"parent_id": "60529",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60529
| null |
60531
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "A follow-up to [Why is が added at the end of この小娘が in this\nclip?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60514/9719)\n\nI'm currently aware of the following が particles / usages:\n\n1) Subject marker (exhaustive listing). I think it can appear at the end if\nthe sentence underwent a dislocation? \n2) Conjuctive particle ~ \"but\", can appear at the end of a sentence if the\nrest is ommitted (among other reasons can be used for softening a request).\nSome sources state it can have introductory meaning when in that case it would\nbe translated rather with \"and\" or \"so\" \n3) Arguably an object marker, depends whether e.g. Xが好き is interpreted as ~\n\"to like X\" or \"X is likeable\" (I am leaning towards the second camp, but I'm\nnot a linguist) \n4) Sentence-ending particle as explained in [Why is が added at the end of\nこの小娘が in this clip?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60514/9719) \n5) Possessive in older Japanese? Currently probably mainly seen in names ~\n戦場ヶ原 ... wiki says \"In some cases both ヶ and が (and even ケ) are used to write\na place name\" so I think it may be included here\n\nAre there any / what are other particles that can be written as が or other\nusages of those listed here?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-29T21:06:53.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60530",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-24T15:05:23.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9719",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "が particles and their usages",
"view_count": 216
}
|
[] |
60530
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60542",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am confused about the usage of two words 満足 and 円満. According to dictionary\n満足 is satisfaction and 円満 is perfection, peace, harmony and satisfaction.\n\nSo I used it in a sentence :\n\n> 今の収入で円満じゃありません。\n\nAnd my teacher corrected it as:\n\n> 今の収入で満足できません。\n\nCan anyone explain the situation when I should use 満足 and when to use 円満.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T03:53:47.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60540",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T14:21:57.147",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T14:21:57.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "30803",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Difference between 満足 and 円満",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "満足 means “being satisfied (by/with something)”. 円満 means “being in good terms\nwith each other”.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T04:43:59.353",
"id": "60542",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T04:43:59.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30806",
"parent_id": "60540",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60540
|
60542
|
60542
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60545",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 今じーちゃんとこなんでって… \n> \"Right now I'm at grandpa's\" [(source\n> context)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vPFXo.png)\n\nIn this case the speaker is on the phone so his speech is casual and\nfragmented.\n\nI already have an idea of what the sentence means, what I am hoping to\nunderstand is:\n\n * What なんでって is a contraction of?\n * And what it is doing in this sentence grammatically? What nuance does it add?\n\nI know that とこ is a contraction of のところ but what is なんでって, is it なので? I know\nって is often と or sometimes という but that doesn't seem to make sense in this\ncontext, at least to me as a beginner.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T07:13:55.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60544",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-28T00:57:09.263",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-28T00:57:09.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"contractions"
],
"title": "What is なんでって a contraction of in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1321
}
|
[
{
"body": "The actual phone conversation would have gone like this:\n\nGuy: 「あ、おかあさん？オレ。今じーちゃんのとこ。」\n\nMom: 「 **なんで** （じーちゃんのとこにいるの）？」\n\nGuy: 「 **なんでって** ・・ 別{べつ}にィ～～～」\n\n> What なんでって is a contraction of?\n\nIt is of 「なんで **と** 」. This 「って」 is the informal version of the quotative\nparticle 「と」.\n\n「なんでと」 in this context means 「なんでと言{い}われても」or 「なんでと聞{き}かれても」, which would\n_roughly_ translate to \"Why? Because...\".\n\n> And what it is doing in this sentence grammatically? What nuance does it\n> add?\n\n「と/って」 here introduces the speaker's intention of replying to the question\nasked by the other person. The question here is of course \"Why are you at your\ngrandpa's place?\" asked by Mom to which the son replies 「別にィ～～」 (\"No reason.\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T07:53:06.283",
"id": "60545",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T07:53:06.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60544",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
60544
|
60545
|
60545
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What is difference between \"終わったり\" and \"終わり\"? I can't find \"終わったり\" in English\nJapanese dictionary\n\nWhole context\nlink:[https://www.pixiv.net/member_illust.php?mode=manga&illust_id=69898837](https://www.pixiv.net/member_illust.php?mode=manga&illust_id=69898837)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J54cW.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T11:44:07.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60549",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T12:11:04.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What is difference between \"終わったり\" and \"終わり\"? I can't find \"終わったり\" in English Japanese dictionary",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[] |
60549
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60554",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am wondering if there are any differences in the usage of `自己` and `自分`, or\nare they simply synonyms?\n\nIt seems that the two are interchangeable with nouns stemming from them.\n\nI.e, `非自己` and `非自分` also appear to be synonyms.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T11:47:41.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60550",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T16:17:50.383",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T12:07:20.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "26635",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Difference between 自己 and 自分",
"view_count": 1343
}
|
[
{
"body": "Synonyms. 自己 is a little bit formal/academic.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T11:59:02.323",
"id": "60551",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T12:18:59.103",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T12:18:59.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30806",
"parent_id": "60550",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -3
},
{
"body": "I'm pretty sure that the meaning is about 'self'. Now there are differences in\nthe two words. I myself am not really sure about all the little differences in\nmeaning of these two words. But I am pretty sure that in certain cases, it's\nnot interchangeable. So to answer your question, I would like to give you some\nphrases about each one.\n\n> 自分はそう思う。 _Methinks_\n>\n> 自分なりにやる。 _Do something in one's own way_\n>\n> 自分自身 _Me, myself_\n>\n> 両親のためではなく、自分のために勉強する _To study for myself not for my parents_\n>\n> 自分で決める _Decide it by myself_\n\n* * *\n\n> 自己紹介 _Introducing oneself_ I'm pretty sure they don't use 自分紹介\n>\n> 自己主義 自己中心 _Egoism, selfish_\n>\n> 自己宣伝 _To advertise oneself_\n>\n> 自己流 _Self-taught, one's own way_\n>\n> 自己批判 _Criticizing oneself_\n\nSo in conclusion the two are a bit like myself vs oneself/self. And some sites\nsaid that it's the subjective self (自分 = I, me) vs objective self (自己,\noneself).\n\nAlso there are other words that you might be interested in too.\n\n> [自我]{じが} (means _ego_ )、 [自]{みずか}ら means _himself/oneself_.\n\nIn fact, [自]{みずか}ら is a bit like himself. Sample sentences from Weblio:\n\n> 彼は自らを[省]{かえり}みる _He reviews himself_\n>\n> 社長自ら[指揮]{しき}をとる _The CEO himself takes command of sth._",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T13:52:02.027",
"id": "60554",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T16:17:50.383",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"parent_id": "60550",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
60550
|
60554
|
60554
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The abbreviation means age, sex and location, and is used frequently in\nEnglish speaking chatsites during introductions. Is there a similar term used\nin Japanese chatsites?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T13:43:44.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60553",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-26T16:36:14.210",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-26T16:36:14.210",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"word-requests",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "How would I ask for a persons Age, Sex, and Location (ASL) in Japanese?",
"view_count": 399
}
|
[
{
"body": "None, as far as I know. They are usually not abbreviated.\n\n個人情報 (personal information) is similar, but it includes the name of the\nperson.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T13:52:11.993",
"id": "60555",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T16:49:32.007",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T16:49:32.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30806",
"parent_id": "60553",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
}
] |
60553
| null |
60555
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60563",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can かっこいい be used to describe men and women? I have usually seen the term used\nto reference men.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T18:09:57.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60558",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T00:32:21.383",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T18:21:08.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Is かっこいい used to describe men and women?",
"view_count": 493
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yesterday I saw a TV program in which one guest (a female singer) described\nanother female singer as かっこいい, so this is a proof that people do use it to\ndescribe women. How common? I'll have to leave this to others.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T18:16:41.577",
"id": "60559",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T18:16:41.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19346",
"parent_id": "60558",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "First, allow me to apologize for the length of this answer.\n\nかわいい and かっこいい are not mutually exclusive and they have no absolute link to\neither sex or gender, but they do often tend to engender some stereotypical\ngender traits. While かっこいい is usually reserved for masculine traits and かわいい\nto feminine ones, there is substantial overlap.\n\nA person could be considered かわいい based on their face and/or demeanor, but\nかっこいい based on their fashion sense. The opposite is also true.\n\nOne celebrity could be considered かわいい by one observer and かっこいい by another\nbased on the same exact criteria. Person A might consider an outfit to be cute\nand Person B might consider it to be cool (or neither…or both). The choice of\nword which one uses to describe an image will be informed by and can inform\nothers of their own particular subjective preferences.\n\nFollowing are some generalizations (made by myself) on what might be\nconsidered more likely to be held as one trait or the other. Keep in mind that\nthese are by no means comprehensive, exclusive to everyone, or without the\nability to be redefined at some point:\n\nかっこいい: Cool, tough, rebellious, masculine, angular, hard, modern (trendy),\naloof, handsome, bold...\n\n可愛い: Simple, soft, comforting, pleasant, soft, round, traditional, friendly,\ncute, considerate...\n\nFinally, while likely off-topic and not in great common usage, the merging of\nかっこいい and かわいい to form かっこかわいい can still be found in at least [one\ndictionary](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%B3%E5%8F%AF%E6%84%9B%E3%81%84).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T00:32:21.383",
"id": "60563",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T00:32:21.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "60558",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60558
|
60563
|
60563
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60575",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> アメリカとの関係が悪くなったイランからの原油の輸入が減ると考える人などが多いためです。\n\nアメリカとの関係が悪くなったイラン: is a noun phrase. イラン is the head noun.\n\nイランからの原油の輸入が減る: is an independent clause.\n\n考える人などが多いためです: refers to the previous independent clause that, being bounded\nwith the particle と, becomes an indirect quotation.\n\nTranslation: Because many people think that from Iran, being in a bad relation\nwith USA, importation of crude oil will decrease.\n\nIs it right? Any suggestions? (Sorry for my bad English. I'm not a native\nEnglish speaker)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T20:43:46.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60560",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-28T17:02:35.583",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T21:00:34.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "30822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Logical analysis of the sentence 「アメリカとの関係が悪くなったイランからの原油の輸入が減ると考える人などが多いためです」",
"view_count": 298
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your understanding is correct. (Context: the price of oil is high.) The basic\nstructure here is\n\n> ...と考える人などが多いためです．\n>\n> This is because there are many people who think ....\n\n(I omitted the \"など\" for I wasn't able to embed it in the translation.)\n\nWhat they think is\n\n> アメリカとの関係が悪くなったイランからの原油の輸入が減る\n\nwhich can further be decomposed into\n\n> [アメリカとの関係が悪くなった]イランからの輸入が減る\n>\n> Import from Iran, whose relationship with the U.S. has worsened, will\n> decrease\n\n(So [user3856370](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/7944/user3856370)'s\ntranslation in the\n[comment](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/60560/#comment105374_60560)\nis sufficient.)\n\nAs for the reason why Iran-US relationship has anything to do with Japan is\nthat we might follow the US's policy regarding such foreign relationships, for\nthe U.S. is one of the most fundamental ally to Japan.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T14:06:57.107",
"id": "60575",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T14:06:57.107",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "60560",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60560
|
60575
|
60575
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60562",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does the most famous line of the movie Audition (Ôdishon, 1999) mean and\nhow is it transcribed correctly using Latin letters?\n\nIt sounds (!) like \"kittie, kittie, kittie, kittie, kittie\" and is uttered,\nwhen the female character puts long needles into various sensitive body parts\nof her victim. The DVD-subtitles in various languages provide words like\n\"deeper, deeper, deeper\" or \"pricking, pricking, pricking\". Unfortunately, my\nDVD has no Japanese subtitles, and I can't find it translating those English\nwords with the help of dictionaries.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T21:00:08.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60561",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T23:34:59.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30823",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What does \"kittie-kittie-kittie\" mean and how is it spelled correctly (in transcription)",
"view_count": 269
}
|
[
{
"body": "I have never seen this film, but guessed you may be hearing きりきりきり\n(kirikirikiri). I tried typing きりきりきり into google to see what would happen,\nand it autocompleted to オーディション (Audition) so I think this is your answer for\nhow to correctly write it in romaji. [Here is the google\nsearch.](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%20%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3&oq=%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A)\n\nAs for what it means, Chocolate says that it is an onomatopoeia, which\n[according to this giongo\nlist](https://github.com/Pomax/nihongoresources.com/blob/master/giongo.txt#L541)\npossibly meaning 'a sharp drilling pain' which sounds relevant for the\ncontext.\n\nAs an aside, the 'tt' consonant in American English 'kitty' happens to sound\nsimilar to Japanese r, which I think is why you heard it that way.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-30T21:05:41.620",
"id": "60562",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-30T23:34:59.183",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-30T23:34:59.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "30813",
"owner_user_id": "30813",
"parent_id": "60561",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
60561
|
60562
|
60562
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60566",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that you can end a verb with 〜ます at the end of a sentence. I also know\nthat you can end a verb with 〜ます before the conjunction が.\n\nSo, what about [ので](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7)? Can\nyou end a verb with with 〜ます before the conjunction ので?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T02:04:52.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60565",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T02:23:23.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can a verb end with 〜ます before the conjunction ので?",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "yes you can. ので is an explanatory particle, similar to から. ので after a ます form\nwould be used to explain what will follow from it. A quick google search for\nますので yields several results, including a Japanese Stack Exchange Q&A:\n\n[Can you use the polite form ます with\nので?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15263/can-you-use-the-\npolite-form-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-with-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7)\n\n<https://mayonez.jp/topic/1020660>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T02:23:23.687",
"id": "60566",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T02:23:23.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60565",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60565
|
60566
|
60566
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I helped someone fix something, and I'd like to try and express that it was\nmostly the other person doing the work and I just provided assistance.\n\nThe best I can come up with is 「問題の解決に田中さんを手伝いました」but I feel like this is\nwrong.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T09:22:56.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60567",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T11:19:33.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30828",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "How to express \"help someone with X\"",
"view_count": 2348
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say...\n\n> 「［Someone］の［Something］を手伝う」 \"help [someone] with [something]\" \n> 「［Someone］が［Verb］のを手伝う」 \"help [someone] [do something]\"\n\nA few examples:\n\n> 田中さんの仕事を手伝いました。 \n> 田中さんの日本語の宿題を手伝いました。 \n> 田中さんが問題を解決するのを手伝いました。 \n> 田中さんがレポートを書くのを手伝いました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T11:10:07.270",
"id": "60568",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T11:19:33.973",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-31T11:19:33.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "60567",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60567
| null |
60568
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60586",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm just wondering, because I think it would be helpful to know which words\nshould be prefixed with お〜, which words should be prefixed with ご〜, and which\nwords should not be prefixed with either of them.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T12:11:52.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60569",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T00:59:28.243",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-31T13:04:17.930",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"prefixes",
"bikago"
],
"title": "On the topic of 美化語 (Refined Language), are there any websites that list words that take お〜, ご〜 or neither?",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[
{
"body": "There's this general rule to add ご or お depending on whether the word is read\nwith 音読{おんよ}み or 訓読{くんよ}み, but there are exceptions to it. I think Japanese\npeople just use it the way it sounds more natural to them. In my opinion this\nis one of those things you learn practicing.\n\nAnyway here is the list you are asking for, not sure if it's complete though:\n\n<http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~wd2y-kkb/g.htm>",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T00:59:28.243",
"id": "60586",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T00:59:28.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30834",
"parent_id": "60569",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60569
|
60586
|
60586
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60571",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does a kanji with only a kun reading mean that it originated in Japan?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T12:23:58.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60570",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-17T17:29:46.653",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-17T17:29:46.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Does a kanji with only a kun'yomi reading indicate a Japanese origin?",
"view_count": 370
}
|
[
{
"body": "It appears so. However, some of those kanji that originated in Japan (called\n国字{こくじ}) also have \"on\" readings and not just \"kun\". A common example is\n働{はたら}く / 働{どう}",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T12:34:22.733",
"id": "60571",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T12:34:22.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "60570",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60570
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60571
|
60571
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60573",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am wondering if 目黒 can be used as a noun outside of its usage as a district\nname.\n\nExamining each character,\n\n * 目 eye, vision, sight, etc.\n\n * 黒 black, guilt, etc.\n\nprovides a couple of interesting interpretations:\n\n * black eye\n\n * vision of guilt\n\nIs it possible to interpret 目黒 in such ways, or is it simply a district name\nthat holds no other meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T13:24:43.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60572",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T14:04:13.810",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-31T14:04:13.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"names",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Usage of 目黒 outside of 目黒区",
"view_count": 72
}
|
[
{
"body": "Questions like these are usually best resolved by looking in a (monolingual)\ndictionary (and/or on a Wikipedia disambiguation page).\n\nFor example, [大辞林 has two entries for\n目黒](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%9B%AE%E9%BB%92-643651#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88):\n\n> **めぐろ** 【目黒】\n>\n> ①\n> スズメ目ミツスイ科の小鳥。スズメ大で背面は暗緑色、腹面は黄色で、目の周囲に黒い三角斑がある。森林にすみ、花蜜を吸ったり昆虫を食べる。小笠原諸島特産。特別天然記念物。オガサワラメジロ。\n>\n> ② 鮪{まぐろ}の小さいもの。めじか。 「 －のせんば煮／浮世草子・五人女 1」\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> **めぐろ** 【目黒】\n>\n> 東京都二三区の一。二三区の南西部にある。住宅・商業地区。\n\nWhile the second entry is about the Tokyo district _Meguro_ , the first entry\nlists two meanings — one being a particular bird species, a [bonin white-\neye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_white-eye), the other being a name\nfor a small tuna.\n\n[大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%9B%AE%E9%BB%92-643651#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)\nlists yet another meaning, namely that 目黒 can be used as a different name for\n\"pupil\", which is usually 黒目 _kurome_.\n\nThe etymologies of マグロ \"tuna\" (=目黒【まぐろ】?) or the district _Meguro_ are not\n100% clear, but in the other cases it is quite clear that it is used for the\nliteral meanings of \"eye\" and \"black\".\n\nUsing 目黒 with other meanings (such as \"guilty vision\") which are not listed in\na reasonably complete dictionary will most likely just result in confusion.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T13:39:02.337",
"id": "60573",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T13:54:04.953",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "60572",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60572
|
60573
|
60573
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60578",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「〜てもらう」の文法は知っていますが、この下の文章の「〜てもらおう」の意味がわかりませんでした。\n\n> 例）「一度に全部わかっ **てもらおう** なんて、思っちゃいない。」\n\nこの「〜てもらおう」を説明していただけませんか。\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T16:03:13.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60576",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T16:23:12.187",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-01T16:19:23.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"subsidiary-verbs",
"volitional-form",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "「〜てもらおう」の意味は何ですか。",
"view_count": 3605
}
|
[
{
"body": "「〜てもらう」 has a basic meaning of \"get / make / induce (someone) to do\n(something)\"\n\nIn the case of **わかる** , the form 分かってもらう could mean either \"make it\nunderstood / make you understand (something)\" or \"make you accept\n(something)\".\n\nWhen you further conjugate this with the volitional **おう** ending, which\nindicates a potential future act, 分かってもら **おう** ends up meaning something like\n\"intend to make you understand/accept\" or more simply \"will get you to\nunderstand/accept\".\n\nThe inclusion of 全部 in the example sentence makes me think this わかる is\nprobably meant to talk about \"understanding\", so...\n\n> 「一度に全部わかって **もらおう** なんて、思っちゃいない。」\n\nwould mean something like\n\n> 'I'm not thinking, \" **I'll get (someone/you)** to understand everything all\n> at once.\"'\n\nor more fluidly in English:\n\n> \"I'm not planning to make you learn everything all at once.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T17:57:11.920",
"id": "60578",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T16:23:12.187",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-01T16:23:12.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60576",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
60576
|
60578
|
60578
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60594",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have the following passage:\n\n> S の…息子の時はあの子の自身の意志の固さもありましたが...\n>\n> 私もまだまだ未熟で……\n>\n> 正直、あの子 **に甘えてしまって** 今に至ります\n>\n> その息子からも二人のことはよく考えて欲しいと\n>\n> その機会を与えるようにお願いすると\n>\n> 強く…言われまして\n\nCuretnly my translation of it is:\n\n> S…My son, even back then had an iron will…and I was also still too young,\n> so...\n>\n> Honestly, I’ve been relying on that kid, ever since.\n>\n> Whenever I wanted to have a proper conversation about us whenever asked to\n> be given a chance for that...I'd receive a... strong response.\n\nThe problem is the に甘えてしまって bit, because apparently Aに甘える can both mean to\nspoil A or to depend on A.\n\nContext wise, S, the son of the speaker has always had a firm grasp on how\nthings should be done and what he wants to do in life. And doing that he\neventually joined the same organisation as his mother (speaker) and has been\none of her most important employees. Therefore I'm assuming she is saying she\nhas been relying on him, not spoiling or coddling him.\n\nThen again as seen here, his behavior back then could not be said to be nice,\nbut again it's not so much the behavior of someone spoiled. Like he isn't\nshrinking his dutues.\n\nAlso the passage is from a talk between two mothers. The other one has a child\nnearing the age where she decides what she wants to do in life, while\nspeaker's child is a grown up so the other one was asking the speaker how was\nit when her kid was deciding on his path.\n\nSooo, what's your thinking on this to me strange duality of に甘える?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T18:23:09.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60579",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T06:48:25.193",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Nuance of Aに甘えてしまう, to spoil A or to depend on A",
"view_count": 265
}
|
[
{
"body": "あの子に甘えてしまった in a context like this roughly means \"I was lazy and ended up\ndepending on him (=my son)\". 甘える does not mean \"to spoil\". 甘やかす does.\n\n彼女は私に甘えてくる does not necessarily have a negative connotation, and it usually\njust means she is \"lovey-dovey\" and behaves like a cute puppy which likes to\nalways be with you. It does not mean someone is a dependent or spoiled person\nin general.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T06:48:25.193",
"id": "60594",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T06:48:25.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60579",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60579
|
60594
|
60594
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Let us pick a Chinese name with differently read kanji:\n\n李清雲\n\nThe possible onyomi are:\n\nリ・ショウドン for Go’on \nリ・セイタン for Kan’on \nリ・シン(or チン)タン for Tousou’on\n\nNow we open the Japanese Wikipedia to learn which is the correct option and\nfind… リセイドン。 A combination of mismatching readings. Is there a way to predict\nwhich 音読み will be implemented in pronouncing the name of a Chinese person\nwritten in kanji?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T19:20:01.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60581",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-02T00:06:38.167",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-02T00:06:38.167",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"chinese",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "Which onyomi would be used for a Chinese name?",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[] |
60581
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60583",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read long ago that verbs containing more than two syllabs and whose syllab\nbefore る containing the sound e or i is written in hiragana are all ichidan.\nIs it an actual rule or just a useful trick with possible exceptions ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T20:46:03.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60582",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T23:41:06.000",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-31T21:04:44.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "30832",
"owner_user_id": "30832",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"ichidan-verbs"
],
"title": "Is it true that a polysyllabic verb ending in iru or eru whose e/i syllab is written in hiragana ichidan?",
"view_count": 166
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is it true that a polysyllabic verb ending in iru or eru whose e/i syllab is\n> written in hiragana ichidan?\n\nIn general, yes.\n\n### The rule\n\nThe underlying rule for kana conventions is that conjugable endings are\nwritten in kana. For example, for the verb _kokorozasu_ (\"to intend to do\nsomething\"), only the _-su_ on the end conjugates, so the kanji-fied spelling\nis 志す with that conjugable す hanging out as hiragana. For the verb _hairu_\n(\"to enter\"), only the _-ru_ on the end conjugates, so the kanji-fied spelling\nis 入る with that conjugable る hanging out as hiragana.\n\nHowever, for modern _ichidan_ verbs, the _-i-_ or _-e-_ before the る doesn't\nchange either. So why is that showing up in the kana after the kanji?\n\n### The background\n\nHistorically, nearly all of the 一段活用動詞【いちだんかつようどうし】 (monograde-conjugation\nverbs) evolved from earlier 二段【にだん】 (bigrade) forms. So modern _ichidan_ verb\n変える \"to change\" evolved regularly from earlier classical 変う (well, strictly\nspeaking, 変ふ -- the ending _fu_ changed regularly to _u_ , but the ふ still\nappears in old kana spellings, and monolingual Japanese dictionaries may still\nshow it this way). The 変う form for the classical verb is the dictionary form\n(終止形【しゅうしけい】 or \"terminal form\"). The attributive form (連体形【れんたいけい】) ended in\nえる, and the attributive of the bigrade verbs basically merged with the\nterminal to become the modern dictionary form.\n\nSince that える ending is, historically, the conjugated ending, this is still\nspelled in kana. This also helps differentiate the modern _ichidan_ verbs from\nregular _godan_ verbs, more clearly distinguishing 変える (\"to change\", _ichidan_\n) from 帰る (\"to return\", _godan_ ).\n\nSo too with the other modern _ichidan_ verbs. For instance, させる derives from\nclassical さす, される from classical さる, られる from classical らる, 広【ひろ】める from\nclassical 広【ひろ】む, and so on and so forth.\n\n### Additional factor\n\nAnother element that incentivizes fuller kana spellings is that some verbs\nhave _ichidan_ variants that only differ visibly by that _-i-_ or _-e-_ verb\nending. One clear example is 見【み】る versus 見【み】える. If the spelling of the _-e-_\nportion were subsumed into the kanji (such as the _kokoroza-_ portion at the\nstart of this post, subsumed into the 志 kanji), then we would not be able to\ntell the difference between these two verbs, and reading would be (even more)\ncomplicated.\n\n### The result\n\nPut it all together, and the end result is that modern _ichidan_ verbs have\nthe _-i-_ or _-e-_ verb endings spelled out in kana, even though these parts\nno longer change in the modern language.\n\n**Caveat:** As with many things in language, there may be exceptions to this.\nI can't think of any at the moment, but I'm also not a native speaker. Plus,\nmanga are famous / notorious for creative spellings that may stray quite far\nfrom accepted norms, so when reading manga, take any odd spellings with a\ngrain of salt. :)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T21:34:57.517",
"id": "60583",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-31T23:41:06.000",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-31T23:41:06.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "3639",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "60582",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60582
|
60583
|
60583
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60585",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Talking about pregnancy with my Japanese friends has been a challenge because\nI have struggled to translate some English concepts.\n\n`Ultrasound` is one of those words.\n\n超音波｛ちょうおんぱ｝ is the word I find as the translation for `ultrasound.` However,\nbecause of the existence of the 波 character, I find that this is referring\nmore to the ultrasonic _waves_ , and not the procedure. Is my suspicion\nwarranted here?\n\nWould it make more sense to say:\n\n> 明日、超音波を受けてから赤ちゃんの性別が分かる。\n\nor\n\n> 明日、超音波で赤ちゃんの性別が分かる。\n\nI'm leaning towards the use of で after 超音波, but I can't put my reasoning to\nwords. It just feels better to me.\n\nFinally, is my next translation nonsensical?\n\n> On the 24th, we are getting an ultrasound of the baby. \n> 24日に超音波で赤ちゃんの写真をとる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-31T23:40:11.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60584",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T04:48:06.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Issues translating \"get an ultrasound.\"",
"view_count": 756
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think 超音波を受ける is casually used, but 超音波 _検査_ を受ける might be better. You can\nalso use エコー検査. So how about saying...\n\n> 「｛明日、/明日の｝｛超音波検査/エコー検査｝で、赤ちゃんの性別がわかる。」 \n> 「明日、｛超音波/エコー｝で赤ちゃんの性別がわかる。」 \n> 「明日｛超音波検査/エコー検査｝を受けて、赤ちゃんの性別がわかる。」\n\n* * *\n\n> On the 24th, we are getting an ultrasound of the baby. \n> 24日に超音波で赤ちゃんの写真をとる。\n\nYour sentence looks good to me. You can also use 超音波写真/エコー写真.\n\n> 「２４日に赤ちゃんの｛超音波写真/エコー写真｝を撮る。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T00:16:35.253",
"id": "60585",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T00:22:44.170",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-01T00:22:44.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "60584",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "専門的{せんもんてき}には最初{さいしょ}の２文{ぶん}は少{すこ}し変{へん}なところもありますが、実用的{じつようてき}には、OPが提示{ていじ}した以下{いか}の表現{ひょうげん}はいずれも普通{ふつう}に使{つか}われており、意味{いみ}が通{つう}じると思{おも}います。\n\n_The first two examples presented by OP sound a bit strange in the field of\nexpertise, but in practical terms, I think that the following sentences are\ncommonly used and make sense._\n\n * 明日、超音波を受けてから赤ちゃんの性別が分かる。\n * 明日、超音波で赤ちゃんの性別が分かる。\n * 24日に超音波で赤ちゃんの写真をとる。\n\nTo understand technical terms, please visit the following sites in Japanese.\n\n * [超音波検査](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%A2%E6%A4%9C%E6%9F%BB)\n * [超音波映像装置](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%A2%E6%98%A0%E5%83%8F%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE)\n * [超音波断層撮影](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%A4%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1)\n\nIn English, please read the following articles.\n\n * [Non-contact ultrasound](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-contact_ultrasound)\n * [Medical ultrasound](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultrasound)\n * [Ultrasound computer tomography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound_computer_tomography)\n\n超音波{ちょうおんぱ} _ultrasound_ を使{つか}った非破壊｛ひはかい｝検査{けんさ} _non-destructive testing_\nあるいは[非破壊]{ひはかい}[映像化]{えいぞうか}[装置]{そうち}の医療分野{いりょうぶんや}への応用{おうよう}あるいは実用化{じつようか}は日本{にほん}が先導{せんどう}してきた技術{ぎじゅつ}です。\n対象物{たいしょうぶつ}を壊{こわ}さずに中{なか}の状態{じょうたい}を可視化{かしか}できますので、OPが話題{わだい}にしている妊婦{にんぷ}のお腹{なか}の赤{あか}ちゃんを見{み}るのに大変{たいへん}適{てき}しています。\n\n「超音波{ちょうおんぱ}」を使{つか}った技術{ぎじゅつ}のどこを指{さ}すかによって用語{ようご}が色々{いろいろ}あり、「超音波{ちょうおんぱ}検査{けんさ}」「超音波{ちょうおんぱ}映像{えいぞう}装置{そうち}」「超音波{ちょうおんぱ}断層{だんそう}撮影{さつえい}」あるいは「超音波{ちょうおんぱ}診断{しんだん}」「超音波{ちょうおんぱ}診断{しんだん}装置{そうち}」のような専門{せんもん}用語{ようご}があります。 \n妊婦{にんぷ}のお腹{なか}の赤{あか}ちゃんを映像化{えいぞうか}（＝[可視化]{かしか}）する用語{ようご}として当初{とうしょ}用{もち}いられたものは、「超音波診断{ちょうおんぱしんだん}」、そして、それを実現{じつげん}する装置{そうち}である「超音波診断装置{ちょうおんぱしんだんそうち}」です。「超音波診断{ちょうおんぱしんだん｝」は「超音波検査{ちょうおんぱけんさ}」の一部{いちぶ}ですが、「検査{けんさ}」には映像化{えいぞうか}する対象{たいしょう}として物体{ぶったい}も含{ふく}まれますので、人体{じんたい}を対象{たいしょう}とする医療{いりょう}関係者{かんけいしゃ}あるいはそのための装置{そうち}を製造{せいぞう}する関係者{かんけいしゃ}の間{あいだ}では、「診断{しんだん}」という用語{ようご}の方{ほう}が好{この}んで使{つか}われていたように思{おも}います。むろん「レントゲン検査{けんさ}」のように医療現場{いりょうげんば}で「検査{けんさ}」という表現{ひょうげん}も普通{ふつう}に使{つか}われておりますので、お腹{なか}の赤{あか}ちゃんを見{み}るのに「超音波検査{ちょうおんぱけんさ}」と言{い}っても全{まった}く問題{もんだい}はありません。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T04:48:06.430",
"id": "60593",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T04:48:06.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "60584",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60584
|
60585
|
60585
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60588",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "McWhorter, J. [PhD Linguistics\n(Stanford)](https://americanstudies.columbia.edu/people/john-h-mcwhorter).\n[_The Power of Babel_\n(2003)](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/006052085X). p. 293 Bottom.\n\n> For example, the words in Thai for _fire_ , _die_ , and _rim_ are _faj_ ,\n> _taaj_ , and _rim_ , just by accident! Long lists have been composed of\n> correspondences like this between hopelessly disparate languages; it can be\n> almost funny. According to the Proto-World advocates’ modus operandi-\n> allowance for stark differences in word shape and a permissive position on\n> what constitutes related meaning— English and Japanese could be shown to\n> have a historical relationship according to these words I have always\n> noticed:\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zRBmv.jpg)\n\nPlease see the red arrow for\n[あつい](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%82%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84#Japanese). I\ncan't replicate tables quickly with Markdown.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T02:01:21.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60587",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T07:27:25.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"sound-symbolism"
],
"title": "How does atsui (あつい) sound like English 'hot'?",
"view_count": 397
}
|
[
{
"body": "In speech, the word あつい can be pronounced like あちぃ, あっちぃ, あちちち, あっつー, あちぇー,\nあっつぇー, あちゃちゃちゃ and so on (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18458/5010) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/21420/5010)). However I don't know\nwhat [ott-SOO-ee] represents, and IMHO no variation of あつい sounds even close\nto English \"hot\".\n\nWhile Japanese _namae_ vs English _name_ is a famous example of [false\ncognate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_cognate), this list includes many\nobviously far-fetched examples. I don't think you should take them too\nseriously.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T02:43:53.383",
"id": "60588",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T02:43:53.383",
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},
{
"body": "Note the author's pronunciation guide [ott-SOO-ee] is only on the word あつい. He\nis indicating that the sound of \"hot\" and あつい are similar because of the \"ott\"\nsound. To see the similarity, try saying 「hotつい」.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T07:27:25.493",
"id": "60595",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T07:27:25.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "60587",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60587
|
60588
|
60588
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60592",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I encountered the following passage in a mystery manga. The detective\ncharacter is explaining the evidence the \"true\" criminal (as opposed to the\npuppet killer described earlier in the book) left behind. The evidence had to\ndo with computer data that the killer did not verify. I've done my best to\nreproduce it in the layout it originally appeared in\n\nこのアンタにとって \n不運な偶然としか \n言えない \nデータ入力ミス **と** \n\nそれを \n確認しなかった \nアンタのイージーミス **が**\n\n真犯人は \nアンタ以外にいないという \n決定証拠を \n\n与えてしまったんだ。\n\nCould someone please explain the function of the bold と that doesn't seem to\nhave a いう or equivalent after it and the bold が that doesn't seem to be\nfunctioning as a subject marker or a sentence connecting particle. Part of me\nsuspects that the が is marking the subject of 与える and I would be satisfied\nwith that explanation. I'm very uncertain about the と though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T03:03:47.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60589",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T07:14:00.577",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-01T07:12:33.357",
"last_editor_user_id": "3296",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Dangling Particle Question",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "が is indeed marking the subject, or rather subjects, of 与える. Everything gets a\nlot simpler if we string all of the text together\n\n>\n> このアンタにとって不運な偶然としか言えないデータ入力ミスとそれを確認しなかったアンタのイージーミスが真犯人はアンタ以外にいないという決定証拠を与えてしまったんだ。\n\nand then parse it out like this:\n\n> (このアンタにとって不運な偶然としか言えないデータ入力ミス) \n> **と** \n> (それを確認しなかったアンタのイージーミス) \n> **が** \n> (真犯人はアンタ以外にいないという決定証拠) \n> を与えてしまったんだ。\n\nThe subjects are our データ入力ミス and イージーミス. This looks confusing only because\nthey both happen to have fairly substantial qualifying subordinate clauses in\nfront of them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T03:36:18.750",
"id": "60592",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T07:14:00.577",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-01T07:14:00.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "60589",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60589
|
60592
|
60592
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60591",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am still stumped on understanding this one sentence:\n\n> **今打った方が格段に実力はまさっています**\n>\n> ですが、彼の打つ手に正しい手はひとつもありません\n\n[(source context panels)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FI9oE.png)\n\nIn this case the speaker is talking about a go player who is bullying a weaker\nopponent by playing aggressive but meaningless moves.\n\nI tried to translate it as:\n\n> \"He would be much stronger if he played with his real ability, but he's not\n> playing a single correct move.\"\n\nI tried to interpret 打った方 as A方がB that is described in pages like [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6525/what-\nis-%E6%96%B9-used-for-when-attached-to-a-%E3%81%9F-verb/6527#6527), but still\nI think I am on the wrong track.\n\nHow is 〜た方が actually being used here, and how do I make sense of this\nsentence, grammatically?\n\nRelated: [方 - also read ほう when referring to a\nperson?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/11023/%E6%96%B9-also-\nread-%E3%81%BB%E3%81%86-when-referring-to-a-person)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T03:04:11.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60590",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T04:37:36.487",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Trying to understand this use of 〜た方が",
"view_count": 227
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 方 (ほう) refers to a person. They are clearly comparing two _players_ , not\ntwo _actions_. 今打った方 means \"the one who just made a move\", that is, the\nstronger player.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Is \"~の方が格上だ\" a set phrase of sorts?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/49031/5010)\n * [Help with translation, 綺麗事 and 奴の方](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55728/5010)\n * [Use of 方 in sentence (かた or ほう?) + translation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42334/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T03:18:32.903",
"id": "60591",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T03:21:08.913",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-01T03:21:08.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60590",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
60590
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60591
|
60591
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60599",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To say **\"Four Seasons\"** in Japanese would you say:\n\n**Shiki** しき or **Yottsu no kisetsu** よっつのきせつ or will either do?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T09:55:49.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60597",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T14:16:24.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Referring to the Four Seasons of Japan",
"view_count": 324
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both mean \"four seasons\", but よっつのきせつ is a mere combination of よっつ (\"four\")\nand きせつ (\"season\"), whereas しき is a dedicated word for that concept. Arguably,\nしき can be seen as a more \"beautiful\" or \"colorful\" word that has a\nstronger/vivider association with the beauty of changing nature, seasonal\nevents, and so on. よっつのきせつ may be preferred when you need to emphasize the\nnumber _four_ for some reason (for example, \"Draw four icons that correspond\nto each of the four seasons\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T13:58:30.097",
"id": "60599",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T14:16:24.530",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-01T14:16:24.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60597",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60597
|
60599
|
60599
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60601",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I noticed that both terms referred to the study of mathematics. Is there a\ndifference in usage between the two terms?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T14:23:08.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60600",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-04T14:38:02.650",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-04T14:38:02.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 数学 and 数理?",
"view_count": 333
}
|
[
{
"body": "数学 is (pure) mathematics.\n\n数理 refers to [mathematical\nsciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_sciences), \"group of\nareas of study that includes, in addition to mathematics, those academic\ndisciplines that are primarily mathematical in nature but may not be\nuniversally considered subfields of mathematics proper.\" In other words,\n数理系の研究者 use difficult mathematics to solve actual problems that matter in\nhuman life, such as cryptography or machine learning.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T14:34:25.947",
"id": "60601",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T14:34:25.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60600",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "I'll illustrate using examples.\n\nThe [Kyoto University Research Institute of Mathematical\nSciences](http://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ja/index.html) (KURIMS, 京都大学数理解析研究所)\nis an example of a 数理研究所, and you see [their\nresearch](http://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/about-06-01.html) span many\nareas. They have pure math research (like algebra and analysis), but they also\nwork in mathematical physics, fluid dynamics, algorithms, and theoretical\ncomputer sciences. Similarly, [名古屋大学多元数理研究科](https://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/)\nconducts research in pure mathematics, applied mathematics, and \"mathematical\nsciences\" (i.e., computational fluid dynamics, mathematical physics,\ntheoretical computer science, etc).\n\nOTOH, the [Hokkaido University Department of\nMathematics](http://www.math.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/) is \"just\" a math department,\nand their research is mainly pure mathematics. They do have a 数理科学 section,\nbut all applied mathematics/\"mathematics sciences\" are confined to this\nsection only.\n\nSo, the conclusion is: the practical difference is not that great. 数学 is a\ntrue subset of 数理科学. 数学 is more or less the pure math part, but 数理科学 includes\nwhat you'd call \"computational methods\" and \"applied mathematics\":\nspecifically, this usually includes the fields of operations research,\ncomputational engineering methods, mathematical physics, and theoretical\ncomputer science.\n\nPractically, though, most Japanese universities have departments of 数理科学 (at\nleast at the graduate level), not (just) departments of 数学. The difference is\nnot notable. Even if you work in mathematical physics or TCS, non-\nprofessionals would not care if you pass around as a mathematician (数学者)\ninstead of a mathematical scientist (数理科学者) - they likely don't understand\nyour work anyways. If you're communicating with professionals, you'd likely be\ntelling them your specific sub-field as well (e.g. 計算機科学 \"theoretical computer\nscience\", 数理物理学 \"mathematical physics\", 複雑系科学 \"complex systems\"). Whether\n_they_ will consider you colleagues in mathematics is a totally different\nquestion :-)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T14:55:26.657",
"id": "60696",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T14:55:26.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19346",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60600
|
60601
|
60601
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60604",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Why is a baby called 赤ちゃん? The term means red. Is the term \"red\" specific? Can\nthe term refer to baby animals as well?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T15:06:46.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60602",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T19:04:57.090",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-01T16:01:00.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 20,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why is a baby called 赤ちゃん？",
"view_count": 6404
}
|
[
{
"body": "The story that I heard is that babies' faces turn red when they are crying or\ndistressed, which happens often in the case of newborns. For this reason 赤ん坊\nand 赤ちゃん became used colloquially as a word for \"baby\".\n\nWhile I have never heard of 赤ん坊 being used for any babies other than human\nones, I have heard people refer to baby animals as \"X の 赤ちゃん\". This is not the\n\"standard\" way of referring to baby animals of course, but aside from being\nused for \"cuteness\", it is also a common phrasing to help children learn the\nappropriate names of baby animals:\n\n> ねこの赤ちゃんは子猫{こねこ}ってよばれてる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T15:27:58.163",
"id": "60603",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T15:27:58.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "For the etymology of 赤ちゃん \"baby\" [gogen-allguide.com](http://gogen-\nallguide.com/a/akachan.html) says the following:\n\n> **赤ちゃんの語源・由来**\n>\n> 新生児の皮膚の色が赤く見えることによる語で、「赤ん坊」や「赤子・赤児」も、皮膚の色に由来する。\n> 民間語源には、赤ちゃんを意味する韓国語「アガ」を語源とする説もある。\n> しかし、「赤ちゃん」や「赤ん坊」の語が成立する以前に「あが」の例は見られず、成立後に見られる「あがちゃん」や「あがんぼう」は訛りであるため、この説は考え難い。\n> また、子供を叱る時の「メッ」という言葉も、韓国語で「鞭（ムチ）」を意味する「メ」に由来するものとし、それを根拠に赤ちゃんの語源も「アガ」とするものがある。\n> 「メッ」の語源と「赤ちゃん」の語源に関連性がないばかりか、「メッ」と言うのは「ダメッ」の「メッ」と考えるのが妥当なため、特に根拠となるものではない。\n\nThe passage says that 赤ちゃん _akachan_ (as well as 赤ん坊 _akanbō_ or 赤子・赤児 _akago_\n) has its origin in the fact that the skin of newborn babies is red.\n\n(The passage also discusses the unlikelihood of a competing theory that 赤ちゃん\ncomes from Korean アガ, but this is not relevant for your question.)\n\nYou can use the word 赤ちゃん for describing the young of animals as well, but of\ncourse this has nothing to do with them being red or not.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T15:59:54.717",
"id": "60604",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T17:25:44.740",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "60602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 23
}
] |
60602
|
60604
|
60604
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60608",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From the manga Hunter x Hunter, one of the character's Japanese names is\nウボォーギン. It looks like the ボ is getting its お sound elongated twice, with the\nsmall ォ and the ー. In English it gets translated as Uvogin, but I would have\nthought the name would be ウヴォーギン then.\n\nIs ボォー the same as ぼ、お、う? Is that possible?\n\nOr maybe is this a slight pronunciation difference, like か and きゃ？",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T17:37:28.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60605",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-02T02:34:20.057",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-02T02:34:20.057",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana",
"manga"
],
"title": "Is there a triple vowel extension in this character name?",
"view_count": 600
}
|
[
{
"body": "This type of combination (adding ァィゥェォ after a katakana of the _same_ vowel)\nis fairly rare, but I occasionally see it in fictional names. (Sometimes\ncreators want odd-looking names...) Basically ァィゥェォ works like a long vowel\nmarker, but from my experience, the length does not exceed two morae even if\nanother long vowel marker follows.\n\n * ブゥ, リィ, レェ, ロォ: Pronounced in two morae, like ブー, リー, レー, ロー\n * ブゥケ, リィン, レェラ, ロォト: Usually pronounced in three morae (like ブーケ, リーン, レーラ, ロート), but some people may pronounce them shortly (like ブケ, リン, レラ, ロト).\n * ブゥーケ, リィーン, レェーラ, ロォート: Pronounced in three morae, just like ブーケ, リーン, レーラ, ロート. \"Double-elongation\" does _not_ happen.\n\nTo take another example, ブードゥー (Voodoo) is occasionally spelled as ブゥードゥー, but\nthis ブゥー is pronounced the same way as ブー.\n\nSo I think ウボォーギン is pronounced just like ウボーギン. But if it were ウボオーギン (non-\nsmall オ), most people would read it with a \"double-elongated vowel\", as\ndiscussed in [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52017/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T19:38:39.910",
"id": "60608",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "60605",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
60605
|
60608
|
60608
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60614",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read jisho a lot and I run into words with outdated kanji. Does this mean\nthat the kanji term is outdated for a particular word or all words that use\nit?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T19:05:11.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60607",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T22:10:21.763",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-01T22:10:21.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage",
"kanji",
"orthography",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "When a kanji term is listed as outdated, is it for specific words or all of the words that use it?",
"view_count": 981
}
|
[
{
"body": "The database used by <https://jisho.org/> is [WWWJDIC by Jim\nBreen](http://www.edrdg.org/cgi-bin/wwwjdic/wwwjdic?1C).\n\nThe code `(oK)` stands for \"word containing out-dated kanji\". This simply\nmeans that nowadays the word is not written with these _kanji_. It does not\nsay that these _kanji_ are \"out-dated\" (whatever this would mean), just that\nthey are out-dated for writing the particular word listed.\n\nAs an example, look at the [entry for 遡る](http://www.edrdg.org/cgi-\nbin/wwwjdic/wwwjdic?1MDJ%C1%CC%A4%EB)\n\n```\n\n さかのぼる 《遡る(P); 溯る; 逆上る(oK); 泝る》 (v5r,vi) (1) (uk) to go upstream; (2) (uk) to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to; to make retroactive; (P)\n \n```\n\nThe code `(P)` indicates that 遡る is a \"\"Priority\" entry, i.e. among approx.\n20,000 words deemed to be common in Japanese\". It can also be written 溯る, 逆上る,\nor 泝る. (The colour coding (see above link) says that 溯 and 泝 are not _jōyō\nkanji_.)\n\nHowever, **even though 逆 and 上 are _jōyō kanji_ with _jōyō_ readings 逆【さか】\nand 上る【のぼる】, the _kanji_ representation 逆上る【さかのぼる】 is out-dated, which is\nindicated by the code `(oK)`.**\n\n(Of course the etymology of _sakanoboru_ is just _saka_ + _noboru_ and might\nwell have been written 逆上る, but nowadays it just isn't. See [Kanji for native\nJapanese concepts: Kun'yomi spanning multiple\nmorphemes](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6581/1628) for similar such\nwords.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T22:09:39.150",
"id": "60614",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T22:09:39.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "60607",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60607
|
60614
|
60614
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What is the difference between the words for wife, tsuma and okusan? Is it a\nformal vs informal?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T20:27:48.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60610",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-01T20:27:48.997",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"synonyms"
],
"title": "Difference between tsuma and okusan",
"view_count": 458
}
|
[] |
60610
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The title pretty much explains itself, here is an example: [Nio from Akuma no\nRiddle](https://youtu.be/jLedbLnI-vg?t=31), the whole thing has been bugging\nme for awhile, thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-01T22:52:12.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60616",
"last_activity_date": "2021-04-02T12:04:10.423",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"copula"
],
"title": "What dialect replaces です with a shorter version of it (ーす)?",
"view_count": 220
}
|
[
{
"body": "Can't watch the video, but if it's っす (as in そうっすね instead of そうですね) it's not\na dialect, just a personal \"style\" of the speaker. There are countless other\n\"styles\" a person can use other than っす, e.g. でげす (which was used by men\naround the end of the Edo Period to early Meiji Period but sometimes used\nnowadays by manga/anime characters), でちゅ, which is like baby talk in Japanese,\nってばよ, which is Naruto's style, and so on...\n\n**Edit:** Just watched the video and I confirm that my answer above is\ncorrect. The female character said:\n\n> 高級{こうきゅう}食材｛しょくざい}ばっかで美味{うま}そう **っす** ね\n\nIt's just her speaking style, which has the same meaning as:\n\n> 高級{こうきゅう}食材｛しょくざい}ばっかで美味{うま}そう **です** ね",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-15T01:27:26.440",
"id": "60873",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T02:50:33.213",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-15T02:50:33.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "30554",
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "60616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60616
| null |
60873
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60619",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While studying for the JLPT, I ran into the phrase \"見事な活躍をする\". I have always\nassumed that 活躍 means to use effectively or to one's advantage as in\n\n> 日本語を仕事に活躍したい\n\nBut when I looked up 活躍 in a dictionary, I found out that it means active\n(which I think I understand); apparently it also means success when paired\nwith other words (I saw many examples on Weblio), so 見事な活躍 means a brilliant\nsuccess. I would love to understand how this is different from 成功 and how you\ncan use 活躍 in this kind of situation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T00:11:39.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60617",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-02T05:21:48.893",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-02T05:21:48.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "30318",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "見事な活躍 ～ use of 活躍",
"view_count": 297
}
|
[
{
"body": "In your example, I think you meant 活用{かつよう} instead of 活躍 as in\n\n> 日本語を仕事に活用したい\n\n活躍する is when you participate actively in an undertaking like work, sports,\netc.\n\n活用する is to utilize or make good use of knowledge, talent, technique, etc.\n\nAs for 成功する, it means to succeed in attaining a goal, a dream, target, etc.\n\nSome examples I picked up from the internet:\n\n> 女性の活躍が期待されるホテル業界\n\nThis does not mean that women are expected to succeed in the hotel industry,\nbut that they are expected to actively participate in it.\n\n> 成功する女性に共通する7つの特徴\n\nThis means \"7 traits common to successful women\". Replacing 成功 with 活躍 here\nwill change the meaning entirely.\n\nHope this helps!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T00:57:12.833",
"id": "60619",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-02T00:57:12.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "60617",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60617
|
60619
|
60619
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60627",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> こいつが小さい頃、遊園地で **激し目なのばっか乗せて回った** からだ。\n\nThis part gives me trouble. What does 激し目 mean? What about なのばっか and 乗せて回る?\n\nContext: he's explaining why his son doesn't like planes.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T08:05:46.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60624",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-29T11:25:34.997",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-18T04:26:15.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Trying to figure out 激し目なのばっか乗せて回った",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「激{はげ}し目{め}なのばっか乗{の}せて回{まわ}った。」\n\nWhere should I start?\n\n> 「i-adjective -(minus) い +(plus) め/目」 means \" _ **rather [adjective]**_ \", \"\n> _ **[adjective] in a more/less than average way**_ \", etc.\n\n「激し目」, therefore, means \" _ **rather intense**_ \", \" _ **more extreme than\naverage**_ \", etc. since this context is clearly about amusement park rides.\n\n(I like wearing 大き目のT-シャツ. 大きい - い + 目 = 大き目. )\n\n「の」 is a nominalizer, so 「激し目な **の** 」 means \" _ **the more intense ones**_ \"\nwith the \"ones\" referring to the park rides.\n\n「ばっか」 is the colloquial way of saying 「ばかり」(\" _ **only**_ \"). In informal\nspeech, you will also often hear 「ばっかり」 and 「ばっかし」 as well.\n\n「乗せて回った」 means \" _ **I used to made him ride a whole bunch**_ (of the more\nintense rides).\" 「Verb in te-form + まわる」 means \"to (verb) repeatedly\".\n\nSo, the sentence means:\n\n> \"That's because when he was little, I used to make him ride only the more\n> intense ones/rides at the amusement parks.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T09:33:59.560",
"id": "60627",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-12-29T11:25:34.997",
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"parent_id": "60624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60624
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60627
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60627
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60631",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am currently staying in Japan for four weeks. I learned to read & write kana\nand some basic Japanese (basic particles and sentence structure and some\nvocabulary), but as you can imagine I’m still struggling with a lot of day-to-\nday stuff\n\nI noticed that, in shops, basically nobody greats me with こんにちは konnichiwa or\nこんばんは konbanwa. If I do so, I get greeted back the same way (probably out of\ncourtesy). But of course I would like to greet people (in this case store\nclerks) the common way. But, for the life of me, I can’t understand what\nexactly they are saying when greeting me. I thought for a while for hello they\nsay すみません sumimasen, but I couldn’t find any reference for すみません being used in\nsuch a way. For goodbye, I honestly have no idea what to say (or what they are\nsaying). I usually say “ありがとう ございます arrigato gozaimasu” and leave.\n\n**TL;DR: What’s the common way to say hello and goodbye in stores in Japan? An\nanswer with kana (no kanji) would be very much appreciated**",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T10:21:35.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60628",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-18T04:36:42.730",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-18T04:25:10.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"greetings",
"daily-life"
],
"title": "How to say hello and goodbye in shops?",
"view_count": 7385
}
|
[
{
"body": "Normally Japanese people ignore the store and restaurant clerks, especially\nthis generic \"Irasshaimase\" that travels through the whole store every time a\ncustomer enters. It depends a lot on the type of store, how \"personal\" you\nbecome and/or are with the clerks etc. For example in convenience stores, the\nstaff is barely even acknowledged.\n\nIf you want you can give a shallow bow towards the person and say\n\"konnichiwa\"/\"konbanwa\" when you meet them, and/or a simple \"arigatou\ngozaimashita\"/\"domo\" (in your situation I would recommend the former) when you\nhave paid and get the receipt etc.\n\nFor restaurants you can instead say \"gochisousama deshita\" (Youtube the\npronunciation ;) ) when leaving. This is a set phrase for when you have\nfinished eating, to show your gratefulness. There's an ongoing debate whether\nor not to say it at restaurants, but at the very least it does not hurt anyone\nto say it and many people do.\n\nIf you want to get the attention of the personnel you would say \"sumimasen\"\nwhich means \"excuse me\", and not \"konnichiwa\" like some other cultures, e.g.\nFrench.\n\nPersonally I always thank the store clerk simply because I think it is polite.\nI also often greet them with a simple \"konnichiwa\", which in my case serves a\npractical purpose as it shows the person that I speak Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T12:06:39.727",
"id": "60631",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-10-18T04:36:42.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "60628",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60628
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60631
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60631
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does \"私はと比較して何もしないよ彼\" mean \"I am nothing compared to him\"?\n\nI've downloaded this [manga wallpaper](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HKSDt.png)\nwith the sentence \"私はと比較して何もしないよ彼\" written on it and \"I am nothing compared to\nher (I changed it to him)\" as an English translation as I assumed.\n\nWell, \"比較\" should be translated as \"comparison\", \"して\" is the Te-Form of \"する\"\nwhich is \"to do\" if I am right. And \"彼\" is \"he\". The rest makes 0 sense to me\nas I haven't learned that much Japanese grammar and vocabulary yet.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T12:48:13.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60633",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-02T15:54:22.747",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-02T15:54:22.747",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of \"私はと比較して何もしないよ彼\"?",
"view_count": 175
}
|
[
{
"body": "This looks like a mangled linear (machine?) translation\n\n * I am → 私は\n * nothing → 何もしないよ\n * compared to → と比較して\n * her → 彼女\n\nPutting the Japanese translation first, you might believe that the English\nsentence is a translation of the Japanese sentence, but I think it is probably\nthe other way around.\n\nNeedless to say, it's not a natural way to translate the sentence\n\n> I am nothing compared to her",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T14:30:29.980",
"id": "60637",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-02T14:30:29.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "60633",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60633
| null |
60637
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60635",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a passage about the life of Hideyo Noguchi and found this\nphrase. The biography said\n\n> 39ー51歳 \n> 黄熱病の研究のため、中・南米に渡り、アフリカにも行く。現地の医師の指導に当たる。\n\nMy question is, does that mean that Hideyo taught and instructed the local\nphysicians in Africa or was he taught by those locals?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T13:14:46.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60634",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T22:35:38.337",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-23T22:35:38.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "指導に当たる meaning? To teach someone or to be taught by someone",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "「～～に当{あ}たる」 here means \"to be in charge of (a task)\", \"to take on (a job)\",\netc.\n\nThus, 「現地{げんち}の医師{いし}の指導{しどう}に当たる。」 means:\n\n\" ** _He was in charge of training local doctors_**.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T13:39:12.900",
"id": "60635",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-02T13:39:12.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60634",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60634
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|
60635
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I'm enrolled in Japanese at my university, and we recently had a review of\npersonal pronouns. The professor encourage us to understand and practice\ncasual speech, and as part of that, to try finding personal pronouns that we\nfeel comfortable with in different situations.\n\nI identify as male, and I want to use 僕 (boku) as my personal pronoun, but my\nprofessor said that it's totally inappropriate, and said I need to use 私\n(watashi) or あたし (atashi). I was a bit offended by that, because I don't\nidentify as female.\n\nI don't like to call my professor out as wrong, but this seems totally wrong.\n\nIs 僕 (boku) only appropriate for cisgendered men?\n\nWhat are the ramifications of using 僕 (boku) when you are male, but not\ncisgendered?",
"comment_count": 14,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T14:03:51.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60636",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-19T08:22:29.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30862",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Is 僕 (boku) only appropriate for cisgendered men?",
"view_count": 5444
}
|
[
{
"body": "**I appreciate the upvotes and I do not wish to delete my answer, but I think\nit's important to note that @psosuna 's answer about pronouns as a \"scale of\nhumility\" is more relevant toward understanding why pronouns are used the way\nthey are in Japanese. My answer is based on the \"gender association\" that I\nwas taught in college and my personal experiences in Japan, and my sense of\nwhat the original question poster was concerned about. psosuna's answer offers\na deeper insight, and although I'm not saying \"please undo your upvotes\"\n(which I appreciate), I hope people will recognize the important point that\npsosuna has made clear about the Japanese language.**\n\n* * *\n\nYou definitely don't want to use あたし , as that is a pronoun used by people who\nidentify as female. I can't imagine why your professor would suggest that you\ndo, unless he/she is unaware of your gender identity.\n\n僕 is a pronoun used essentially out of a desire to stress one's maleness, as\nあたし is used to stress one's femaleness. 僕 is also sometimes used by\ngirls/women who simply see themselves as \"one of the guys\" and don't attach\ngender to it as strictly, but for this reason it is seen as somewhat uncouth.\n\nYou also hear younger boys using that pronoun more-so than older boys or men.\nThis is because as Janusz said 私 is gender neutral and more polite, which\nyounger kids care less about, and older kids/adults care more about.\n\nAs you care about making people aware that you identify as male, I think it is\nfine for you to use 僕 rather than 私. Be prepared for some people to think that\nyou are simply being \"rough\" with your language though, rather than\nidentifying as male, if you choose to refer to yourself that way. And be\nprepared for people not to understand your gender identity if you choose to\nuse 私.\n\nEdit: I want to apologize for not really being able to answer the point about\nramifications, because I don't know what ramifications might develop from a\nnon-cis-gendered man using 僕. As the comments say, Japan is more gender\nprejudiced than the West (which is itself still not great in that respect) so\nyou can expect social discomfort from some Japanese people, especially older\npeople, meeting people who don't conform to their biological gender. The use\nof 僕 will just be one aspect of the interaction that causes their discomfort\nthough, so... :(\n\nFurther Edit: Thanks to one of your comments, I now understand a little better\nwhat one of your concerns is. The use of gendered pronouns in Japanese is not\na guaranteed way to make people aware of your gender identity in Japan. Some\npeople might get it, but most will assume that you are making some sort of\nlinguistic mistake, and will attempt to correct you. Some few might simply\nthink that you are trying to be \"tomboyish\" when using 僕. Unlike あたし, which is\nonly used by women, transvestite men, and transgender women, 僕 can be and is\nused by some boys, some girls, some men and some women, so it cannot truly\n\"hint\" at your gender identity. I was recommending that you use it, based on\nthe sense that it made you happier to do so, which I feel is a valid and\nsensible reason, despite the fact that it will necessitate conversations about\nlanguage and about gender identity on occasion.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T14:36:05.907",
"id": "60638",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T04:50:28.833",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-05T04:50:28.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60636",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "You'd do better to not look at personal pronouns from a gender-association\nperspective, despite the misleading idea that they always go hand in hand. The\ntruth is that personal pronouns have more to do with assertion versus\nhumility. The fact that gender has anything to do with it is merely by proxy.\n\nAs Japanese culture would have it, a male person is expected to have traits of\nassertion, and a female person should show reservation and humility. This\nfact, however, does not immediately dictate that a specific pronoun is\nreserved for a specific gender; oftentimes, you see women using 僕 and even 俺\nbut not often, in order to assert something (or being a joking braggart), and\nmen using 私 and very rarely あたし because it is on the opposite end towards\nreservation.\n\nIn reality, it has more to do with the relationship with the other party. This\nis why men will likely say 俺 with friends, 僕 with their family and respected\nelders, and 私 to company officials. Women by default are expected to be\nreserved and humble, so the female gender tends to resort to 私 and\nhumbler/more reserved personal pronouns.\n\nFor this reason, I don't disagree with your instructor entirely - gender\nidentity certainly plays a part in how you express yourself, but so does\nexhibiting reserve and humility, for example, before a prospective employer.\nIt is, in a way, a power play, and not a gendered one, specifically. As a\ncisgender male, I would use 私 in an interview environment, say, but not あたし.\nTherefore, I would suggest you use 私 though not for the sake of promoting\nyourself as a female, but for the humility and reservation that goes along\nwith and is tactful and required of the situation. However, in informal\nsituations, I think 僕 is acceptable and understandable.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T22:30:06.150",
"id": "60660",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-03T22:30:06.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "60636",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "I think there's some really complex interactions going on here that deal with\nlanguage, history, and culture _on both sides_ , but if the question is to\nfocus on Japanese language and usage, then there's really a few subquestions:\n\n 1. For someone who looks female what does using 僕 communicate?\n 2. Is there a Japanese way to express \"I am a man but look like a woman\" using personal pronouns?\n\nStarting with question 1, it's important to note as background that the\ndefault term for I for adults, both men and women, is わたし ( which of course\ncan be written in kanji as 私 but this is also the kanji for わたくし which is a\nmore polite form). [Japanese\nwikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E)\nexplains that this is the \"public personal pronoun\" for both.\n\nDeviations from this among adults have cultural significant linguistic\nmeanings. This could include showing closeness, humility, respect, deference,\nor self-assertion.\n\nIn my experience, the standard set for men (here I mean under a rather\ntraditional understanding of the term, cis-men if you prefer) is:\n\n```\n\n わたし\n わたくし [more humble]\n おれ [more assertive, close, selfish?]\n [ぼく][2][deferential?]\n and possibly じぶん\n \n```\n\nThe standard set for women (cis-women if you prefer):\n\n```\n\n わたし\n わたくし [more humble]\n possiblyあたし [close?]\n possibly personal name (あいこはアイスを食べたい \"I want to eat ice cream\") [close? selfish?]\n \n```\n\nAll of this is background, based on a brief bit of googling, someone who looks\nlike a woman using ぼく might be:\n\n 1. Perceived as a [ぶりっ子](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%B6%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A3%E5%AD%90), engaging in a type of intentionally childish language. See also [here for its use by someone who plays children roles](https://matome.naver.jp/odai/2147510850441007901).\n 2. Copying language from video games [僕少女](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%AF%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3).\n 3. [Immature](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1139266246) because this is not an appropriate pronoun for an adult woman.\n 4. Asked to stop (Same as above)\n 5. [Idealistic girls](http://spi-con.com/your-call-you/).\n\nI assume based on\n\n> I identify as male, and I want to use 僕 (boku) as my personal pronoun,\n\nin your question that you're hope was that using 僕 will result in others\nrecognizing you as a man, but my sense is that they will instead take it to\neither be something near their perceptions above _or more likely_ a linguistic\nerror.\n\nIn answer to what I take to be the second half of your question re: how to\nexpress \"I am a man but look like a woman\"\n\nMy sense is that there's no easy way to accomplish that but that gender\nstudies people perceive it as a problem:\n\n * [One blog](http://kimilab.hateblo.jp/entry/2015/09/30/174326) where the person notes the problem but doesn't have an answer.\n * [another blog](http://hatopia.webcrow.jp/blog/2006_12_20_728.html) complaining of the limited options for women.\n * [blog](https://lgbt-life.com/topics/yamadai2/) of a similar Japanese individual who uses じぶん and the struggle to get to that point.\n\nMaybe to sum it up, Japan is not (at this point) all that adapted to this\nidea. I'm sure you can find a few people working in gender studies (both\ninside and outside of Japan) who think there are solutions, but the average\nJapanese person you communicate with will mostly likely not comprehend what\nyou're doing as expressing \"I'm a man\" but instead think there's something\nwrong with how you're communicating.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T07:12:49.727",
"id": "60686",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T07:12:49.727",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4091",
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},
{
"body": "The professor is completely wrong. In recent times, it's become kinda common\nfor some women to choose to use \"boku\", especially if they work around a lot\nof men. \"Ore\", the roughest and most masculine form, is even known to be used\nby hypermasculine lesbians. This is not uncommon. \"Boku\" is becoming gender-\nneutral to a degree. So for a trans-male to use boku would be the most normal\nthing in the world. Your situation with your professor is what happens when\nyou get Western instructors teaching Japanese. Pretending to be experts on a\nculture they know very little about.\n\nIf you really want to mess with your professor, tell him, \"Oresama wa kamisama\ndegozaimasu.\" LOL",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-03-19T08:16:32.020",
"id": "75089",
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"score": -1
}
] |
60636
| null |
60660
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60643",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "An enemy (a monster) in a game I was reading about is called\n[時を食らうもの]{ときをくらうもの}, which is translated as \" _Time Devourer_ \". Is the もの\nused as sort of a -er suffix, or does it have a different function?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T16:05:52.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60639",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-03T01:16:38.620",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-02T16:44:14.240",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13752",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"usage",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Meaning of もの in this title/name",
"view_count": 273
}
|
[
{
"body": "as JACK says, もの means \"thing\". And of course, 人{ひと} means \"person\". However,\n\"Thing that Eats Time/Time Eating Thing\" or for example \"Person That Eats\nTime/Time Eating Person\" might feel not \"punchy\" enough as a title, so\nJapanese phrases using those kanji are sometimes translated into the \"doer\"\nform, such as \"Time Devourer\" (or \"Time Eater\").",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T17:10:56.047",
"id": "60640",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-02T17:10:56.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "60639",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> [時]{とき}を[食]{く}らうもの, which is translated as \"Time Devourer\"\n\nAs @bjorn says in the comment, the もの can be [者]{もの} \"person/someone\", as well\nas [物]{もの} \"thing/object/something\".\n\nIt's (perhaps intentionally) written in Hiragana because it's referring to a\nmonster.\n\n> Is the もの used as sort of a -er suffix, or does it have a different\n> function?\n\nThe もの is a noun here, not a suffix. 時を食らうもの is a noun phrase, the relative\nclause 時を食らう modifying the noun もの.\n\n「［[時]{とき}を[食]{く}らう］もの」-- _lit._ \"someone/something [that eats time]\" → \"a time\neater, a time devourer\"\n\nAs pointed out by @bjorn, [者]{しゃ} is read as しゃ when used as a suffix. eg\n「[担当者]{たんとうしゃ}」 person in charge 「[被害者]{ひがいしゃ}」 victim 「[技術者]{ぎじゅつしゃ}」\nengineer ([者]{もの} can be used in compound words, too. eg 「[働]{はたら}き[者]{もの}」\nhard worker 「[独]{ひと}り[者]{もの}」 unmarried person) \n[物]{ぶつ} can also be used as a suffix. eg 「[爆発物]{ばくはつぶつ}」 explosives\n「[出版物]{しゅっぱんぶつ}」 publications ([物]{もの} in compound nouns: 「[夏物]{なつもの}」 summer\nclothing 「[縁起物]{えんぎもの}」 good luck charm)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T22:30:12.657",
"id": "60643",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "60639",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
60639
|
60643
|
60643
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60649",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen the term used in reference to Tokyo. What would the term be for a\nforeign capital？",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T18:21:54.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60641",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-03T06:26:16.127",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-02T20:56:40.117",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "都内 is reserved for the capital Tokyo, what term is used to mean a foreign capital city?",
"view_count": 222
}
|
[
{
"body": "What people usually imagine as the capital city is only eastern 23 wards of\n東京都, while 都内 means the whole area of 東京都, including some remote mountainous\nregions (also see [my previous\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/50204/7810)).\n\nThis term **都【と】** is not used because of the fact that an area is the capital\nof a state (strictly speaking, [Tokyo is not the _de jure_ capital of\nJapan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_of_Japan)), but because it is a\nfirst-level administrative division that is distinguished from other provinces\nby a special classification of \"Capital\" or \"Metropolis\".\n\nAs far as I know, Bangkok, Thailand, is the only region Japanese Ministry of\nForeign Affairs officially translates as バンコク都\n([example](https://www.anzen.mofa.go.jp/info/pchazardspecificinfo_2015T075.html)).\nBesides, Phnom Penh, Cambodia\n([example](http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/618/618/618_109_12270278.html))\nand Vientiane, Laos\n([example](http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/618/618/618_109_12270278.html))\nare often referred to as 都. In these cases, the extent of region can be\nformally called 都内 and the residents 都民, except that not many people\npractically use 都 for any foreign region in ordinary speech.\n\nMost of special capital areas in other countries call themselves \"City\", thus\ntranslated 市. Washington DC is 特別区, Jakarta is 特別州, and so on.",
"comment_count": 0,
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60641
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60649
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60649
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60646",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading the manga _Orange_ and one of the lines that's said by a character\nis\n\n> 「転ばないよう気をつけろ」なんて言っても、そんな事で変わる未来じゃない\n\nSo far, my understanding of the sentence is:\n\n> 転ばないよう気をつけろ」なんて言っても \n> Even if we tell (him) to be careful not to fall\n\nThe next clause is where I get a little tripped up:\n\n> そんな事で変わる未来 じゃない\n\nThe translation from the anime is _\"we won't be able to change anything.\"_ So\nthe question is more of a grammatical question, not so much a translation\nquestion.\n\nIt's saying that the \" **(Something)** is not the future that will change by\ndoing that\" but the **(something) isn't specified. What is that something?**\nIn other words, _何が_ そんな事で変わる未来 じゃない？\n\nIn a simpler example, if I say 明日食べるケーキ じゃない and there's a cake in front of\nme, then the meaning is clear: This cake is not the one I'll eat tomorrow. So\nis the same grammar logic happening in my manga sentence, and there's an\nimplied subject that's happening somewhere in the conversation?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T01:54:36.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60644",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-08-03T08:08:39.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30230",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "そんな事で変わる未来じゃないだろう where's the subject",
"view_count": 247
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you can read it like:\n\n> 「転ばないよう気をつけろ」なんて言っても、 **（そんな未来は）** そんな事で変わる未来じゃない\n\n**(That kind of future)** is not a future you can change just being careful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T02:49:38.647",
"id": "60646",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-03T02:49:38.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1814",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I read Wikipedia about a manga Orange. This is science fiction. The main girl\ncharacter received a letter from what she will be in ten years. It was written\non it that a boy who she likes will die after a year and that she should act\nto prevent his death. So I think the omitted subject is \"彼が死ぬ未来(the future\nthat he will die)\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T05:30:47.363",
"id": "60648",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-04T05:15:34.133",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-04T05:15:34.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60644
|
60646
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60648
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60647",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: explanation of the [Friction Stir Welding\nprocess](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%93%A6%E6%94%AA%E6%8B%8C%E6%8E%A5%E5%90%88).\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sZq1S.png)\nIn the fourth sentence I don't understand why there are two 〜により.\n\n> ツールの移動 **により**\n> 接合界面同士が順次[塑性流動](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A1%91%E6%80%A7%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95-90124)\n> **により** 攪拌・一体化\n\nWhat is that is causing the process? The movement of the tool or the gradual\nplastic flow? My translation attempt:\n\n> Thanks to the movement of the tool the joining surfaces become agitated and\n> unite thanks to the gradual plastic flow.\n\nAlso, in the sentence ツールの回転に引きずられる形で塑性流動 could you explain if 引きずられる refers\nthe plastic flow being caused by the rotation of the tool or if it refers to\nthe rotating tool being dragged? Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T02:34:10.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60645",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-03T04:48:20.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "〜により used twice in the same sentence",
"view_count": 209
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your translation attempt is fine. Wording could be slightly different but that\nis largely a matter of how you want the sentences to \"feel\". You understand\nthe meaning of により, although \"thanks to\" seems like a very colloquial way to\nphrase it. I might choose \"due to\" or \"because of\" or perhaps \"by (means of)\",\nalthough that's nothing but a matter of preference.\n\nThere are two により because the sentence references two things being the cause\nof something:\n\n> **ツールの移動** により = by/due to **the movement of the tool**\n\nand\n\n> 接合界面同士が **順次塑性流動** により攪拌・一体化 = the surfaces to be bonded are\n> gradually/steadily/systematically stirred and joined together by **the\n> plastic flow** (of the metal).\n\nAs for 「ツールの回転に引きずられる形で塑性流動」, it's saying that the method of \"dragging by\nrotation of the tool\" results in the plasticity.\n\nThanks to @By137 for correcting my misunderstandings regarding \"plastic\" and\n\"method\".",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T04:17:19.310",
"id": "60647",
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"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
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"score": 1
}
] |
60645
|
60647
|
60647
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60652",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> えっと。。美琴ひどい人だなって思われるかもしれないけど、下手にかかわらない方がいいんじゃないかと、思ったり。。。\n\nThe context is that 美琴 is advising the listener not to approach another person\n(望) who is an acquaintance with a bit of a bad attitude. 望 had gotten into an\nargument with another person. 望 was in the wrong but won't admit it. The\nlistener does not know 望 well, but jokingly offers to teach her some manners.\nThen 美琴 says the above line.\n\nAt first I thought 美琴 was afraid that the listener would take offense to being\ncalled 下手. But now, based on the context, I'm thinking she's afraid that the\nlistener will think \"she's implying that 望 is a jerk and shouldn't be\napproached, how rude\".\n\nCan you tell which it is just based on the above sentence? How?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T10:33:40.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60651",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-28T05:15:53.257",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "10407",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "えっと。。美琴ひどい人だなって思われるかもしれないけど、下手にかかわらない方がいいんじゃないかと、思ったり",
"view_count": 147
}
|
[
{
"body": "Based on your explanation of the context, really it boils down to 美琴 being\nafraid of 望. 美琴 is concerned about what would happen to the listener (and\npotentially other related parties) if the listener got involved.\n\n下手にかかわる means to recklessly get involved in a (usually sensitive) situation\n\n> You might think I'm a horrible person for saying this, but I think it would\n> be better if you didn't do anything...\n\nI think understanding the phrase 下手にかかわる is the key you were looking for.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T11:02:14.170",
"id": "60652",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "60651",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "it seems like your question comes mainly from the phrase 「下手にかかわらない方がいい」\n\n> 下手{へた}に - poorly / unskillfully / (colloquially: can't handle)\n>\n> 関{かか}わる - to get involved (with someone / in something)\n>\n> (し)ない方がいい - is better not to / should not\n\nso putting these all together, the phrase 「下手にかかわらない方がいい」\n\nmeans something like:\n\n\"You shouldn't get involved haphazardly.\"\n\nIn Japanese, the idea of \"getting involved\" and \"doing it poorly\" are\nconflated in the expression 「下手に関わる」, where in English, we tend to separate\nthe \"getting involved\" from the possible \"bad result\", which in English would\nmake phrases like these more natural:\n\n\"You shouldn't get involved, it won't end well.\"\n\nor\n\n\"You shouldn't get involved in something you can't handle.\"\n\nor possibly:\n\n\"You shouldn't get involved when you don't know what you're doing.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T11:32:50.790",
"id": "60653",
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"score": 1
}
] |
60651
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60652
|
60652
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60659",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was taking a n5 grammar test and I came across the question:\n\n> あの人{ひと} は有名{ゆうめい} ＿＿＿＿\n\nThe answer I chose was くなかった. However, the quiz said the correct answer was\nではありません. Why is that?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T19:53:29.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60658",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-03T22:26:20.973",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-03T20:59:15.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "29804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives",
"jlpt",
"i-adjectives",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Why is くなかった wrong and ではありません preferred in this sentence?",
"view_count": 760
}
|
[
{
"body": "有名 is a _na_ -adjective and thus is followed by だ・で・な・に (or by じゃ < では)\n\n> あの人は有名だ \n> _lit._ that person is famous\n>\n> あの人は有名な人だ \n> _lit._ that person is a famous person\n>\n> あの人はきっと有名になる \n> _lit._ that person is surely going to become famous\n\nYou can think of ではありません or じゃありません as the negative of です (which in turn is\nthe polite form of だ whose negative would be ではない or じゃない). Hence\n\n> あの人は有名 **ではありません** \n> _lit._ that person **is not** famous\n\nThe point of the question seems to be to test your ability in identifying _i_\n- and _na_ -adjectives correctly as well as inflecting these adjectives. One\ncheap way of recognizing _i_ -adjectives is by their dictionary form, which\nalways ends in an _okurigana_ い (like 速い、寒い、安い、…). Here 有名 does **not**\ninflect like an _i_ -adjective. Of course, _i_ -adjectives would inflect like\n\n> あの人は速 **くなかった** \n> _lit._ that person **was not** fast\n\nwhere くなかった is the ending you chose. Here 速い _hayai_ means \"fast\" (note the い\nas _okurigana_ ).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T20:58:09.710",
"id": "60659",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "60658",
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"score": 7
}
] |
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60659
|
60659
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60663",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know about how we deal with two or more verbs modifying a\nnoun. Do we connect the verbs using the TE-form or do we keep them in their\noriginal tenses?\n\n> 激しい雷を **伴った** 昨日から **降り続いている** 雨のせいで、電車が遅れている。(Found this sentence on a\n> native site - <https://webdirectorsguide.com/blog/know-how/basic-\n> knowledge/2015/02/061318>)\n\nIn this case it seems that the correct choice would be to use the original\ntenses of the verbs.\n\nBut, I've also thought up sentences like:\n\n> **買って** 読んだ本がつまらない。\n\nI don't know if using the te-form is correct but it seems to make sense.\n\nAre both forms of using two or more verbs to describe a noun correct? If so,\nthe cases where we have to use one or the other are different?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-03T23:35:19.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60662",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-04T03:04:50.357",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-04T01:45:38.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "30882",
"owner_user_id": "30882",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Two or more verbs modifying a noun",
"view_count": 468
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you use the て form, order is implied. In your example, you bought the book\nthen read it, so the て is appropriate.\n\nIn the example sentence you gave, the accompanying thunder (雷を伴った）isn't\nhappening before 降り続いている since there's no て\n\n> Because of the rain, which brought thunder and has been continuing since\n> yesterday, the train is (currently) late\n\nSo to answer your question, if the sequence of events matters, the て form is\ncorrect. Otherwise, you don't need to use the てform to connect two verbs\n\n* * *\n\nThough you didn't ask about this in your question, the first sentence you\nposted actually isn't a very clear sentence because it's not clear whether 激しい\nis modifying 雨 or 雷. Instead, the article recommends the following 2\nrevisions:\n\n> 昨日から降りつづいている、雷を伴った激しい雨のせいで、電車が遅れている。\n>\n> 昨日から、雷を伴った激しい雨が降り続いている。そのせいで、電車が遅れている。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T02:42:04.373",
"id": "60663",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-04T03:04:50.357",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30230",
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}
] |
60662
|
60663
|
60663
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60665",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The context I found the usage in (which hopefully should suffice here):\n\n> この人ってやっぱり本当に危ない系な人？\n>\n> 自分を世界そのものだとか言って……それってアニメの影響か？ 涼宮なんとかがどうだとか言う……。\n\nI'm not entirely sure what どう is doing in this structure. Reading a similarly\nanswered [question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56584/what-\ndoes-%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-mean)\ndidn't clarify it for me unfortunately. Should it just be treated as a set\nexpression like in the previous question, and if so, what does it mean here?\nOr am I just misunderstanding どう in this usage (which I think of as meaning\n\"what\" or \"how\")?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T11:06:08.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60664",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-04T11:50:30.937",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26484",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of this どうだとか言う construction",
"view_count": 483
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「～～が **どう** だとか言う」\n\nis a common and informal expression describing how a person habitually brings\nup the topics that are quite unimportant and/or irrelevant in the eye of\nothers.\n\nThe 「どう」 part can often be replaced by 「どうした」、「どうなった」、「なん」, etc.\n\nThus, if I had to translate:\n\n> 「涼宮なんとかがどうだとか言う……。」\n\nI might go with something like:\n\n> \"S/he is always talking about things like what's (up) with the Suzumiya\n> girl.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T11:50:30.937",
"id": "60665",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
60664
|
60665
|
60665
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60683",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I was looking through the Category List on OKWAVE, I found these two\nlisted under the スポーツ・フィットネス (Sports and Fitness) sub-category.\n\nWhen I looked them up on Weblio, I found that both\n[武道](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E6%AD%A6%E9%81%93) and\n[格闘技](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E6%A0%BC%E9%97%98%E6%8A%80) could be\ntranslated as “martial arts”.\n\nIs there a difference between these two terms?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T13:10:19.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60666",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T06:41:17.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 武道 and 格闘技?",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "格闘技 is skills to fight with enemies. 武道 has mentality related to the code of\nsamurai in addition to the skills. For example, boxing is 格闘技 but not 武道.\n\nNot only the skills but also cultivating own character is important in 武道. 柔道,\n剣道, 弓道, 相撲, 空手道, 合気道, 少林寺拳法, なぎなた, 銃剣道 affiliated with Japan Budo Association.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T06:35:37.597",
"id": "60683",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T06:41:17.887",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-05T06:41:17.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "60666",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
60666
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60683
|
60683
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "60669",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Given their visual form, I am uncertain about two kana (the 5th and 6th\ncharacters) in a late C19th cartouche. It names an artist's address: _Asakusa-\nku [... ...]suji chō gojūhachi banchi / gakō / Nishimura Tōtarō_. The\ncharacters appear to be 浅クサ区[... ...]スジ丁五十八バンチ 画工 西村藤太郎, i.e., if I'm\ncorrect... “Asakusa ward [... ...], house number 58: Painter/Artist: Nishimura\nTōtarō.”\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/i5NYk.png)\n\nThe second character 'ku' in _Asakusa_ is consistent with the 'ku' from a kana\nchart found in Engelbert Kaempfer's \"The History of Japan,\" written 1690-92,\nfirst published in London, 1727. See scans from the book below... it's\ninteresting how the katakana were historically written, especially the 'ta'\nand 'ku'... and the 'ne'... and the hiragana 'to'. I can't find any good\nonline references that show a spectrum of katakana forms in 'gyōsho', assuming\nyou can apply that term to katakana. There is a kuzushikana.pdf file for\nhiragana at <http://naruhodo.weebly.com/blog/introduction-to-kuzushiji>, but I\ncan't find anything comparable for variations in katakana.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SohGp.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fCyDU.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sADLL.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vX9X5.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T14:08:15.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60667",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-08-04T17:08:02.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "26637",
"owner_user_id": "26637",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana",
"history",
"kana",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Unknown kana in a late C19th address cartouche",
"view_count": 673
}
|
[
{
"body": "The character immediately below 「浅クサ区」 is **_not_** a kana. It is the\n崩{くず}し字{じ} (\"cursive style\") for the kanji 「北」.\n\nThus, the name of the section is 「北ミスジ丁」（北三筋丁in kanji）.\n\n<https://kakijun.jp/page/0524200.html>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T14:34:29.937",
"id": "60669",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-04T14:34:29.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "60667",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "Per l'électeur's response above, 北ミ:\n\n北, _kita_\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yLUhc.png)\n\nand ミ, _mi_\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/90dTu.png)\n\n三, _mi_\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oQdRK.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T15:53:53.187",
"id": "60673",
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"score": 8
}
] |
60667
|
60669
|
60669
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60672",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "There is a tea brand known as おいお茶{ちゃ} sold near me. One question I had was\nthat on the bottle, it says that it means \"Tea, please!\" I figured that would\nbe a rather rude way to ask for tea. Is there a nuance I am not aware of with\nthe phrase おい？",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T14:20:06.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60668",
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"owner_user_id": "29804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Translation of おい お茶",
"view_count": 417
}
|
[
{
"body": "It isn't おいお茶 but お～いお茶. お～い is used when people call someone with\nfriendliness who is away from them. It is close to \"Hello\", \"Hey\".\n\nThe company that produce them says that they named it お～いお茶 because\nfriendliness can be felt in the name like people call their family.\n\nSource: <https://www.itoen.co.jp/customer/teach/006/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T15:18:18.503",
"id": "60671",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-04T15:31:17.093",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-04T15:31:17.093",
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{
"body": "The phrase can be interpreted in more than one ways: \"Tea, please!\", or \"Hey!\n(Tea)\", although in the latter sense, what Tea does is still vague. Without\ncontext, one would infer the former. However, if you've seen the recent CMs\nyelling the phrase, you will interpret it in the latter sense.\n\nI saw more than once the interpretation of 「お～いお茶」 becoming a discussion topic\nin the Japanese Internet. One of them is [referred to in\nNetolab](http://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/nl/articles/1805/04/news006.html).\n\n[The official explanation from\nItoen](https://www.itoen.co.jp/customer/teach/006/) is quoted there:\n\n> 1970年代に、新国劇の島田正吾さんが「お～いお茶」と 呼びかけるCMをテレビで放映しました。\n>\n> ...\n>\n> 家族などに呼びかけているような親しみが込められ、 今でも皆様にご愛顧いただいております。\n\nSo in the 1970s the brand name came from earlier commercial messages, where an\nactor said 「お～いお茶」 and the phrase basically addressed families or something\nsimilar. (And at that time, the brand name was 「缶入り煎茶」, a mere explanation of\nthe product)\n\nI couldn't find the exact film at that time, but [another page in the Itoen\nwebsite](https://www.itoen.co.jp/oiocha/history/oiocha_history/index.html)\ncontains an image captured from the CM.\n\nInferring from the information, I suppose that, at the time, the phrase\nexactly meant \"Tea, please\". However, possibly for political correctness\nreasons, the nuance was seemingly changed [in the recent\nCMs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gkti3ud_aa4) so that \"おーい\" is just a yell\nat the sky (mostly, by an actress) and \"お茶\" sounds just a meaningless\naddition.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-08-04T15:33:16.273",
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}
] |
60668
|
60672
|
60672
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60679",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was watching Chuunibyou and noticed this writing on Nibutani's back: \"\n**ニセサマ** \". I looked up what that meant and found nothing, so my question is\n**what does ニセサマ translate to**?\n\nNote: I know kana very well, but know virtually no kanji or actual grammar or\nanything (pretty much just [犬]{いぬ} and how to say what my name is).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T21:56:44.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60674",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T20:39:24.220",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-05T03:40:12.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30886",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"readings",
"names",
"anime",
"puns"
],
"title": "What does \"ニセサマ\" (nisesama) mean? It was in Chuunibyou",
"view_count": 527
}
|
[
{
"body": "ニセ = false サマ = summer\n\nIt should explain all you need to know.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T02:35:43.407",
"id": "60678",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T02:35:43.407",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18606",
"parent_id": "60674",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -3
},
{
"body": "This appears to be an onslaught of wordplay.\n\nThe character's name is 丹生谷【にぶたに】 森夏【しんか】. Her given name is made up from two\n_kanji_ , 森 and 夏 which both have more than one reading — a _kun'yomi_ ( _kun_\nreading) and an _on'yomi_ ( _on_ reading).\n\n * 森 \"forest\" has _on'yomi_ しん and _kun'yomi_ もり\n * 夏 \"summer\" has _on'yomi_ か and _kun'yomi_ なつ\n\n森夏 is also called モリサマ, which is a play on words (or rather play on readings)\nsince 夏 would be \"summer\" in English, hence サマー in _katakana_ , which is close\nto 様【さま】. Of course 様 is a polite honorific, whence 森夏 → もりサマー → モリサマ (森様)\nwould be something like \"Ms. Mori\". (Of course 様 doesn't mean \"Ms.\" in\ngeneral.)\n\nNow, her family name is 丹生谷【にぶたに】, which is quite a rare reading. The reading\nof the first _kanji_ に is standard, but the second _kanji_ 生 has a more\nstandard reading せい. Putting them together gives にせい, which sounds like 偽【にせ】\n\"fake\". Combining this with 夏 read サマー or サマ (= 様) we get that 丹生谷 森夏 → 丹生夏 →\nにせいサマー → ニセサマ (偽様) would be something like \"Ms. Fake\". Again, just like \"Ms.\nMori\" it is a nickname derived from different readings of parts of her name.\n\nOf course to say it just means \"fake summer\" is missing out on the wordplay,\nbut this often happens in subtitles, which cannot translate such play on words\n(or play on readings).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T03:31:58.133",
"id": "60679",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T03:51:37.053",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-05T03:51:37.053",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "60674",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "ニセサマ means 偽物{にせもの}のモリサマ(Fake Morisama). Morisama is a nickname that the main\ncharacter 丹生谷 森夏 used in internet. One day, a girl who said \"I am Morisama\"\nappeared. I think this girl wrote ニセサマ on Morisama's back so that she showed\nreal Morisama was fake Morisama.\n\nSource: <https://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/tebuku/32879725.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T05:47:45.523",
"id": "60682",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T06:02:56.710",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-05T06:02:56.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "60674",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
60674
|
60679
|
60679
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61184",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I recently though about words that have multiple forms as real objects. For\nexample a ticket can be a paper slip, or an email receipt.\n\nDoes the way of counting them change based on what it is, or does the unit\nword belong purely to the word itself (with the traditional meaning)? For\nexample, are 2 tickets emailed to me still 2枚きっぷ if it's not printed?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-04T21:58:06.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60675",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-29T08:27:49.660",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-16T12:20:11.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30887",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"counters"
],
"title": "Do unit words belong to a word or a specific object?",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say that counters apply to words, or more accurately, the concepts\nthat those words represent, whether in the literal or abstract sense. The\nwords ticket and きっぷ both represent a flat object which would use the 枚\ncounter. A digital representation of or a substitute for two tickets is still\nconsidered two tickets, especially if you yourself actually use the word\n'ticket'.\n\nI really don't see this as a Japanese-language specific question, as in\nEnglish the same question could be asked. For an example, if you show up to a\ntheater with a digital receipt and say 'I have two tickets to the show' is\nanybody going to misunderstand that you meant it in the abstract sense?\nFurther, if I sent you an image of two pencils and asked you how many pencils\nthere were, I would be justified to think you a bit too literal if you\nanswered 'There are no pencils, only one image'.\n\nAbout your email example, you received one email (一通）for the digital\nequivalent of two tickets （きっぷ2枚）. If you want to present it differently (more\nliterally), you can say 2名分の入場券(1通).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T00:21:48.027",
"id": "60677",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T09:19:36.373",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-05T09:19:36.373",
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "60675",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Counters apply to words. I was unable to find a specific reference for\nelectronic tickets, but from a [related discussion regarding electronic\nbooks](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10156570315)\nit is clear that the Kindle store and other vendors use the normal counter for\nreal physical books (冊).\n\nBeyond books and tickets, my personal impression is that unit words relate to\nthe **original idea** , and not to the various physical or virtual embodiments\nof that idea. Consider large animals, which are counted using the big-animal\ncounter 頭. One example is alpacas, which are [counted as usual on Japanese\nWikipedia using\n頭](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%91%E3%82%AB)\n：「1頭のアルパカ」, but [small stuffed alpaca toys are also counted using\n頭](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%80%90%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E3%80%91%E3%83%93%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A3%E3%81%AC%E3%81%84%E3%81%90%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BF-40cm-1-VARIATION-\nCAYHANE-RBUP9821-01/dp/B00OB4VG4U)：「頭数が少ない」. The counter 頭 when used for\nstuffed animals is not directly related to the size of the stuffed animal, but\nis instead related to the idea of the original alpaca.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-29T08:27:49.660",
"id": "61184",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
60675
|
61184
|
61184
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this character on a website and the only associated meaning was\n\"child, servant.\" Can anyone elaborate on when it may be used and why?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T04:51:49.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60680",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T08:48:07.943",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-05T08:04:52.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30889",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"usage",
"nuances",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Can anyone help identify this character 僮?",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "僮 is a very rare _kanji_ which does not belong to the list of 常用漢字 _jōyō\nkanji_.\n\nAccording to 新漢和大辞典, it has several meanings\n\n> 1. 召使。男の奴隷。また、雑用をする子者【こもの】。［同］童。［類］豎・僕・奴。\n>\n> 2. 何も知らない子ども。また、無知な者。［同］童。\n>\n> 3. 「僮僮【ドウドウ】」とは、見えなくするほど、上からおおいかぶさるさま。\n>\n> 4.\n> 中国の西南部、広西[壮]【チワン】族自治区、広東【カントン】・雲南省あたりに住むタイ系の先住民。チワン族。▽もと「⺨+童」と書いたが、のち、「僮」に改め、現在では、「壮」と書く。\n>\n>\n\n(I didn't list the examples.)\n\n大辞林 lists 僮 as a valid (but of course uncommon) replacement for 童 in words\nlike 童僕【どうぼく】, 家童【かどう】, 侍童【じどう】 which all refer to some type of (young)\nservant.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T08:01:58.393",
"id": "60688",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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}
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60680
| null |
60688
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A question about rōmaji: Is it more common to use ī or ii? For loanwords, it\nseems to be common to use ī, e.g.\n\n```\n\n コーヒー kōhī\n アンチーク antīku\n \n```\n\nFor other words, using ii seems more common, e.g.\n\n```\n\n 涼しい suzushii\n 大きい ōkii\n 小さい chiisai\n \n```\n\nGoogle translator shows suzushī, ōkī and chīsai, though. (I know, results from\nGoogle translator are usually poor, but still.)\n\nSimilar question: I believe 湖 is actually mizu+umi (right?), so the natural\nromanization would seem to be mizuumi rather than mizūmi, but I think the\nlatter is more common?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T05:47:33.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60681",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T06:39:31.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30707",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "Is ii or ī more common in rōmaji?",
"view_count": 563
}
|
[
{
"body": "One basic rule (or perhaps \"convention\" might be a better word) for\ndetermining romanized spellings, is whether two identical vowel sounds -- such\nas _i_ + _i_ , or _u_ + _u_ , belong to the same morphophonemic unit. In more\ncommon parlance, whether the two sounds belong to the same root or stem.\n\nFor adjectives that end in two _i_ sounds, the last _i_ is usually the\nconjugating portion -- this is the _i_ that changes to _ku_ in the adverbial\nform, like すず[し]{●}[い]{●} as an adjective changes to すず[し]{●}[く]{●} as an\nadverb. Since the final _i_ belongs to a separate functional piece of the\nword, romanization practices generally keep this separate -- so すずしい = _suzush\n**ii**_ with the two _i_ 's spelled separately.\n\nLikewise, みずうみ \"lake\" derives from 水 + 海, and the two _u_ sounds belong to\ndifferent roots. So this is similarly spelled spearately -- みずうみ = _miz **uu**\nmi_ with the two _u_ 's spelled separately.\n\nHowever, in おにいさん, the two _i_ 's are part of the same root. Some romanization\nsystems spell this as _on **ī** san_ as a result. Likewise with borrowed terms\nlike コーヒー: the two _i_ 's are part of the same root, and these are thus\ngenerally spelled together as **ī** as a result.\n\nOther romanization systems spell *all* double- _i_ 's separately, sometimes\nout of a stated concern that the macron (the long bar) over the **ī** is too\nhard to distinguish visually from the tittle (dot) over the regular **i**.\n\nThere are multiple systems for romanizing Japanese, as Virmaior points to in\nhis comment. Some of the main ones are [Kunrei-\nshiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization) in Japan, and\n[Hepburn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization), which is\ncommonly used in English-language materials about Japanese. More at the\nWikipedia article on [Romanization of\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T06:39:31.263",
"id": "60684",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T06:39:31.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
60681
| null |
60684
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "60690",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 新潟県長岡市の花火大会は日本で **も** 有名で、２日間で１００万人が見に来ます。 \n> Nagaoka's firework display is famous in Japan, and 1 million people will\n> come to see it over a two day period.\n\nWhat does the も (in bold) add to this sentence? The meanings of 'also'/'even'\ndon't seem appropriate here.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T09:56:15.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "60689",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T11:14:29.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-も",
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "Meaning of も in Xは日本でも有名だ",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think by 「日本」 the writer meant \"all of Japan\" as opposed to just 長岡市 or 新潟県.\nThat is the only justification for using 「も」 I can come up with. But in that\ncase 「全国」 or 「日本中」 would be a more appropriate word. As written it sounds to\nme as if the fireworks were first and foremost famous outside Japan or 新潟県長岡市\nweren't located in the country.\n\nSo the 「も」 has its usual meaning of \"also/even\", but the「日本」 is used with a\nslightly unexpected meaning. I take that the general drift of the sentence is\n\"Nagaoka's firework display is famous outside it's locale too, and so it draws\na million people from across the country over a two-day period.\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-05T11:14:29.667",
"id": "60690",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-05T11:14:29.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "60689",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
60689
|
60690
|
60690
|
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