question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61201",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What do i say when i want to say i'm back online after being offline during a\nlong period of time? Can i use 戻りました and/or 帰って来ました?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-29T23:58:30.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61198",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-30T01:39:46.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27984",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"culture"
],
"title": "Can i use 戻りました or 帰って来ました after being offline for a long period to say i'm back online?",
"view_count": 451
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, both are fine. Both convey your feeling that whatever online forum you\nare coming back to is your \"home.\"\n\nBoth expressions also convey a certain amount of respect, and as a result they\nsound a bit formal. It's a kind of expressions that you can use to seniors,\nteachers, colleagues, etc. If you are aiming for more informal expression to\nfriends, I suggest 戻ってきた(よ) or 帰ってきた.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-30T01:39:46.527",
"id": "61201",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-30T01:39:46.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3059",
"parent_id": "61198",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61198
|
61201
|
61201
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I am writing about that Isle of Dogs movie and I wanted to write 日本の犬の人口.\nSince it has the character for person in it, I was wondering if it is\nappropriate for animals. Any help would be appreciated!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-30T03:52:03.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61203",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T07:14:41.687",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-30T04:09:29.117",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31112",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Is using 人口 when referencing animal populations alright?",
"view_count": 431
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think 個体数{こたいすう} is the term that you are looking for. It's also used for\ncounting plant populations. Another term that you could use is 飼育数{しいくすう} as\ndogs are pets, but this cannot be used for wild animals and strays.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-30T04:09:59.223",
"id": "61204",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-30T04:15:07.357",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-30T04:15:07.357",
"last_editor_user_id": "30554",
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "61203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I watched the ISLE OF DOGS\n[here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt__kig8PVU). Here I confirmded that\ndogs are expressed personalized.\n\n> Is using 人口 when referencing animal populations alright?\n\nYes and No.\n\nI recommend that you should express the dogs as 犬族, and 犬族の人口 for the dogs'\npopulations. \n族 has various meanings, but one of them has a meaning of an unpublished tribe\nor an undeveloped race. \nSo 犬族 could imply the meaning of an unpublished tribe called 犬.\n\nIn order to identify the dogs of this movie, expressing them as \"犬\"族 instead\nof mere 犬族 is also more effective for personilizing these dogs on this island.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt__kig8PVU>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-30T10:27:19.067",
"id": "61207",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-30T10:27:19.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "61203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "人口 isn't generally used for animals. I think of a word 生息数{せいそくすう}. You can\nsay 日本にいる犬の生息数.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-30T12:14:58.430",
"id": "61208",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-30T12:14:58.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "61203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Unless you're trying to write in a particularly technical/scientific/formal\nmanner, I would say the safest word choice is simply 日本の犬の数.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T07:14:41.687",
"id": "61240",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T07:14:41.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61203
| null |
61204
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61210",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Background: Japanese online games are known for its **grinding** process while\npeople often find a way to \"power-level\" in a certain way so that they can\nbypass the ' **grindy** process'.\n\nI have difficulties in conveying \"This online game is too **grindy** that it\nisn't worth your time\" as opposed to \"power-leveling\"...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9aIMG.jpg)\n\n^ **\n\n> How to do you explain this picture in Japanese?\n\n**\n\nThe problem is that I can't find a good example and an exact counterpart of\nJapanese word of ' **grindy** ' which convey not only upgrading and honing the\nskills, but also the enormous effort to reach a simple goal in an online game.\n\nMost of the dictionary definition is about grinding process instead of grindy\n(<https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/grindy>: (video games, informal) Involving a\nlot of repetition in order to progress.)\n\nResult (no result):\n\n * **Jisho:<https://jisho.org/search/grindy> = ...**\n\n * Yahoojp: [https://dic.yahoo.co.jp/search/?p=grindy&stype=prefix&aq=-1&oq=&ei=UTF-8](https://dic.yahoo.co.jp/search/?p=grindy&stype=prefix&aq=-1&oq=&ei=UTF-8)\n\n * goo.ne.jp: <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/all/grindy/m0u/>\n\n * alc.co.jp: <https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=grindy>\n\n * weblio: <https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/grindy> (no definition)\n\nFinally a lead and found a close (probably) rendition (is this okay?):\n\nGrinding levels:\n\n**> レベル上げ - noun**\n\n**> レベル上げをする - verb**\n\n**> (insert a Japanese word/phrase) - adjective**\n\nGrinding experiences:\n\n**> 経験値稼ぎ - noun**\n\n**> 経験値稼ぎをする - verb**\n\n**> (insert a Japanese word/phrase) - adjective**\n\n**[Source](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/476977)**\n\nPlease help and explain in the (most) thorough way (and probably an example or\ntwo will do). Thanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-30T09:24:08.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61206",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-30T13:35:34.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-30T12:41:51.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "10323",
"owner_user_id": "10323",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"word-requests",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "What is the word or set-phrases of \"grinding/grindy gameplay\" as opposed to \"power-leveling\" in formal/informal Japanese",
"view_count": 1740
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think what you are looking for is 作業感の強いゲーム (formal) or\n[作業ゲー](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC)\n(slang).\n\nIn gaming contexts, 作業 (literally \"task\") is a common word which refers to\nthat repetitive and boring work such as defeating the same enemy many times to\nlevel up. 作業 is basically a negative word in this context, and many people\ndislike it. But there are popular games whose main enjoyment is 作業 itself, so\n作業 is not 100% negative. For example, [_Cookie\nClicker_](http://orteil.dashnet.org/cookieclicker/) is a typical 作業ゲー but is\nloved by many people.\n\nレベル上げ and 経験値稼ぎ is definitely a kind of 作業, but they only refer to\nleveling/exp-grinding.\n\nI don't know how you came up with ガリ勉, but it has nothing to do with games.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-30T12:39:06.517",
"id": "61210",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-30T13:35:34.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-30T13:35:34.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61206",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61206
|
61210
|
61210
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61214",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand the grammatical usage of these words, but I don't understand\n_why_ they (roughly) mean \"cannot\" and \"can\".\n\nFor example, if we write them with kanji, we get 兼ねる and 兼ねない. According to\njisho.org, that kanji has the following meanings: \"concurrently, and,\nbeforehand, in advance\". None of these meanings directly corresponds to the\nmeaning of \"cannot\" and \"can\", so why would that kanji be used?\n\nHere's the research so far:\n\n * There might be a relationship with 悲しい: <http://gogen-allguide.com/ka/kanashii.html>\n * There might be a relationship with 嫌: <https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%BC#%E6%B4%BE%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%97>\n * There might be a relationship with 予ぬ: <https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AC>\n\nI'm trying to find an intuitive way to understand how this usage came to be,\nto better \"feel\" the intention of the word. Any help appreciated!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-30T23:40:55.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61211",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-31T22:16:12.627",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-31T00:36:49.780",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"modality"
],
"title": "intuitively, why do かねる and かねない roughly mean \"cannot\" and \"can\"?",
"view_count": 486
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, the auxiliary-かねる, or かぬ in archaic Japanese, meaning \"cannot\",\nis almost never written with the kanji 兼 today. I personally have never seen\nsomething like 言い兼ねる, and I have believed the verb 兼ねる and the auxiliary-かねる\nare two different words.\n\nSecond, the history of auxiliary-かぬ is **very** old, and even\n[万葉集](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB) has examples of it.\n\n> 世間乎 宇之等夜佐之等 於母倍杼母 飛立 **可祢** 都 鳥尓之安良祢婆 \n> (飛立 **可祢** 都 = とびたち **かね** つ = 飛び立てない)\n\nThis means it's almost impossible to trace the correct etymology of auxiliary-\nかねる. Still, there seems to be a few speculations:\n\n * Auxiliary-かねる may be etymologically related to 悲し(い) because they share the nuance of \"that's beyond my control.\"\n * Auxiliary-かねる may be etymologically related to [予ぬ【かぬ】](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AC#%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%88) because they share the nuance of \"something bad is anticipated.\"\n * Auxiliary-かねる may be etymologically related to 兼ぬ because they share the meaning of \"two situations happening simultaneously (i.e., ideal vs reality)\". (This is 時代別国語大辞典's speculation, from [here](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14189009444))\n\nI have no idea how true these are, but I can at least say these are far from\n_intuitive_ :)\n\nAnyway, I think it's best to treat the auxiliary-かねる as something unrelated to\n兼ねる meaning \"to have more than one role.\"\n\nReference:\n\n * [日本語の質問に答える ～カネル と ～カネナイ](http://blog.livedoor.jp/norayuri/archives/50826667.html)\n * [「～できない」の意の「～かぬ」は何故、動詞ではなく接尾語なんですか？](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14189009444)\n\n(EDIT: Added one more speculation regarding the etymology of auxiliary-かぬ,\nalthough I personally think it's the least convincing. Most 古語辞典 regard the\ntwo かぬ as two distinct words.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T04:14:03.260",
"id": "61214",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-31T22:16:12.627",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-31T22:16:12.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61211",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
61211
|
61214
|
61214
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61215",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to translate a conversation where one person compliments another\nperson, and they replied with:\n\nそうおっしゃっていただける **と粘ってよかった** と思います！ありがとうございます！\n\n粘る (ねばる) - \"to persist\"\n\nI think it roughly translates to \"because you say so, I'm glad! Thank you!\"\nbut I'm confused about the と粘って part. Who is it referring to? Does it mean:\n\n\"Because you say so, I'm glad **I persisted** \"?\n\nmicrosoft had translated it as: \"I'm glad that **you persist** to say so\"\n\nBut if it were this case, why is it と粘って? Shouldn't it come before the verb\nand also use the honorific keigo?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T04:13:46.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61213",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-31T05:20:09.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"keigo",
"sonkeigo"
],
"title": "Grammar explanation for と粘ってよかった",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "It literally means \"If you (kindly) say so, I think it was good that I\npersisted.\" You can forget what Microsoft said.\n\nそう言って頂けると is \"If you say so\" (this と is not quotative- _to_ but [conditional-\n_to_](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals#Expressing_natural_consequence_using)).\nThis 粘る (\"to persist\", \"to hold on\", \"not to give up\") refers to what this\nperson did (during the match, etc.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T05:20:09.800",
"id": "61215",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-31T05:20:09.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61213
|
61215
|
61215
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61217",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 「 **決まった人たち** が『なんでそんなしゃべり方なの』ってずっと言ってくる」\n> 「いつも笑わない人たちが発表のときに急に笑い出した」([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/web_tokushu/2018_0828.html?utm_int=tokushu-\n> new_contents_list-items_003))\n\n'People that are decided/selected' doesn't make sense in this context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T13:09:55.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61216",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-29T16:24:57.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does 決まった人たち mean in this context?",
"view_count": 283
}
|
[
{
"body": "It has little to nothing with \"deciding\" or \"making a decision\" as far as\ntranslation is concerned.\n\n「決{き}まった」 here means \"fixed\", \"regular\", \"unchanging\", \"same\", etc.\n\nThus, 「決まった人たちが『なんでそんなしゃべり方{かた}なの』ってずっと言ってくる」 means:\n\n> \"The same group of people keep asking me 'Why do you speak like that?'\"\n\nIt is always the same guys who do it.\n\nThis usage of 「決まった」 is actually very common.\n\nI often say 「決まったお店{みせ}でしかステーキは食{た}べない。」, which means \"I only eat steaks at a\nfew fixed restaurants (and nowhere else).\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T14:41:43.917",
"id": "61217",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-31T14:48:16.007",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-31T14:48:16.007",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "61216",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "きまる may also mean \"the same\"\n\nExamples: \n毎朝決まった道を通る。 \nEvery morning, I pass the same street.\n\n買う店が決まっている。 \nThe shop I buy is always the same.\n\nきまる【決（ま）る／極まる】: 変わらないで同じである。一定している。 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/53852/meaning/m1u/決まる/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/53852/meaning/m1u/%E6%B1%BA%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B/)\n\nSo 決まった人たち mean \"the same people\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-29T16:24:57.850",
"id": "61856",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-29T16:24:57.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61216",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61216
|
61217
|
61217
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61225",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I already tried to google this but can't find an answer, first I thought it\nwas a question clause (not sure if correct term) but then I realized there's\nno question word in that clause.\n\nThe sentence is from anime \"kami nomi\":\n\n> 掃除ってレベルな **のか** これ 新品みたいにピカピカだぞ\n\nI suppose the な before the なの follows the rule about distinguishing between\nthe possession particle の because レベル is a noun. Thank you beforehand.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T14:47:41.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61218",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-31T18:57:49.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Whats does のか do in the next sentence",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "な → 連体形 (:\"attributive form\") of the verbal auxiliary だ\n\nの → particle of nominalization\n\nか → particle of \"uncertainty\" (question)\n\nYou cannot nominalize a word that is already a noun (レベル) so you have to add a\n用言 (verb or adjective), or the 連体形 of だ which is な between the nominalizer and\nthe phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T15:18:13.890",
"id": "61219",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-31T15:18:13.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29939",
"parent_id": "61218",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "Both の and か are question markers. の is also known as [explanatory-\nno](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010). If you combine both, のか\nforms a \"literary style\" question suitable for monologues, news headlines,\nbook titles, blunt comments, etc. Please see [this\narticle](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/question-markers/). By\n\"question word\", do you mean interrogatives like どこ/だれ? An open question (or\nWH-question in English) requires an interrogative, but a close question (or\nyes/no question) does not require one.\n\n> (Headline) ロボットは人間の仕事を奪うのか？ \n> Will Robots Take Your Job?\n\nSo a super-literal translation would be something like \"Is it that this is the\nlevel called cleaning?\", but it means \"Is this (really) something called\ncleaning?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T18:57:49.867",
"id": "61225",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-31T18:57:49.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61218",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61218
|
61225
|
61225
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61221",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was looking on a forum of some sorts and I saw people use 知{し}らんけど. After I\nlooked it up, some of the results said it was from the kansai dialect. Is this\ncommon throughout or just in kansai?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T15:41:49.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61220",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T16:20:32.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"dialects"
],
"title": "Is 知{し}らんけど a phrase in every dialect or just kansai?",
"view_count": 230
}
|
[
{
"body": "The けど is just casual for けれども and exists throughout the whole country.\n\nThe negative 〜ん is a contraction of the mostly archaic negation 〜ぬ. In Kansai\nit is used, although 〜へん might be more typical there. It is also the negative\nending of choice throughout the whole of Kyushu. Generally speaking, you can\nsay that it occurs in the Western parts of Japan.\n\nHere is a great table for comparing characteristics of different dialects in\nJapan:\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E3%81%AE%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%A1%A8#.E4.B9.9D.E5.B7.9E.EF.BC.88.E8.A5.BF.E6.B5.B7.E9.81.93.EF.BC.89>\n\nSearch for 否定｛ひてい｝ = negation in the table, to see some different types.\n\nThe particular combination of 知らんけど has a special usage in the Kansai region,\nbeing a form of multi-use ending to soften what you are saying. I have not\nencountered this usage in other parts of Japan where the negative 〜ん is used\n(except for when you really mean \"I don't know, but\" without any special\nnuance added to it). As my dialect is not Kansai, I will let someone else\nexplain the details of the full phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T16:07:14.703",
"id": "61221",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T16:20:32.707",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T16:20:32.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "20305",
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "61220",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61220
|
61221
|
61221
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They all mean something like **an instant** or **a moment**.\n\n * When are they (and when are they not) interchangeable?\n * Is any more (in)formal/literary than the others?\n * Do they represent the same amount of time? \n * My gut says that 一瞬 is the quickest ([like [電光石火]{でん・こう・せっ・か}](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4243/78)) and that 一刻 can be a longer \"moment\" (like 即席ラーメン or, \"Can you answer a quick servey? It'll only take a **moment** of your time.\").\n * _I've_ never heard (一)刹那 used in real life, so I have no basis for comparison.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T16:18:09.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61222",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T08:27:15.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "What is the difference [一瞬]{いっ・しゅん}, [一刻]{いっ・こく}, and [(一)刹那]{(いっ・)せつ・な}",
"view_count": 202
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 刹那 is clearly more literary than the others. It's originally a Buddhism term.\n * As a no-adjective, 一瞬の and 刹那の are mostly interchangeable (except that the latter being literary and thus emphatic/dramatic)\n * As a conjunction-like noun (?), ～した刹那 is interchangeable with ～した瞬間.\n * As a na-adjective, [刹那的](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%88%B9%E9%82%A3%E7%9A%84&ref=sa) means \"ephemeral\" (negative); 瞬間的 is \"instant\"; 一瞬的 makes no sense.\n * 刻 is originally a unit of time that roughly corresponds to 30 minutes. Today, 一刻 is used almost exclusively in idioms (一刻を争う, 一刻一刻(と), 一刻の猶予もない, etc), and I don't know how to use 一刻 with ラーメン. 一刻 basically refers to a longer time than 一瞬/刹那. In other words, 一瞬/刹那 roughly means \"less than a second\" or \"less than a minute\" at most, whereas 一刻 roughly means \"less than an hour\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T07:11:52.883",
"id": "61239",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T08:27:15.183",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-01T08:27:15.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61222",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
61222
| null |
61239
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61231",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> mc「洗濯物？ 俺別にその辺に置いといてもらえればそのまま着るけど」\n>\n> girl 「だめ、ちゃんと畳むの」\n>\n> mc「それよりまずメシ……」\n>\n> girl「これが終わったら作ってあげる♪」\n>\n> mc 働かざるものなんとやらってか。\n\nI'm pretty sure this is analogous to this\n[saying](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%83%8D%E3%81%8B%E3%81%96%E3%82%8B%E8%80%85%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%86%E3%81%B9%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%9A),\nso \"no folding, no food\" of some sorts\n\nbut i'm not sure what やらってか is abbreviated from",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T18:54:00.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61224",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T01:57:30.720",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "use of \"やらってか\" in this phrase",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 働かざるものなんとやらってか。\n\n＝\n\n> 『働かざるものなんとやら』ってか。\n\nFirst, 「なんとやら」 means the same thing as 「なんとか」.\n\nI explained the use of the replacement 「なんとか」 here:\n\n[would 「なんとか」 be an acceptable replacement for\n\"something\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/60834/would-%e3%81%aa%e3%82%93%e3%81%a8%e3%81%8b-be-\nan-acceptable-replacement-for-something/60837#60837)\n\nJust like the two examples I gave at the end of that Q&A, 「なんとやら」 here is\nreplacing the 「食{く}うべかざる」 part of the famous saying 「働{はたら}かざる者食うべからず」(\"He who\ndoes not work, neither shall he eat.\")\n\n「ってか」 is a colloquial way of saying 「～～ということか」. The 「と/って」 is the quotative\nparticle.\n\n「～～～ってか。」, therefore, means \"Are you implying to say ~~~?\", \"~~~, you mean?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T22:34:12.810",
"id": "61231",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T01:57:30.720",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-01T01:57:30.720",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "61224",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61224
|
61231
|
61231
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61237",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> この夏、新たな一歩を踏み出した **女子大学生**\n> を取材しました。([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/web_tokushu/2018_0828.html?utm_int=tokushu-\n> new_contents_list-items_003))\n\n1)a student of a women's college\n\nor\n\n2) a female university student\n\n?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T19:12:00.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61226",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T15:12:55.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 女子大学生?",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "女子大学生 commonly means \"female university students\". \"students of a women's\ncollege\" is 女子大の学生.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T04:43:20.777",
"id": "61237",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T04:43:20.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "61226",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Both meanings are possible.\n\nI think more than 50% of the present-day Japenese think it's 2). But 2)\nincludes 1) any way, doesn't it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T15:12:55.167",
"id": "61277",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T15:12:55.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31135",
"parent_id": "61226",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61226
|
61237
|
61237
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61229",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context is that protagonist is swearing. And says following sentence:\n\n> 捻りもクソもねえな。\n\nI know クソ, but I'm not sure what 捻り means here. Is this some slang or just\nsome obvious (for Japanese) usage of literal meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T21:50:33.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61227",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T04:38:55.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30982",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"捻り\" in context of swearing",
"view_count": 70
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「捻{ひね}り（が/の）ない」\n\nis a common expression meaning:\n\n> \"boring\", \"plain\", \"witless\", \"uninteresting\", etc.\n\n(「捻り」 means \"a twist\" all by itself. The expression is not really slang though\nit is colloquial.)\n\nBy inserting a 「もクソも」, the expression sounds more emphatic in a vulgar and\nlively way.\n\n> \"It's boring as hell!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T22:10:48.237",
"id": "61229",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T04:38:55.040",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-01T04:38:55.040",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "61227",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61227
|
61229
|
61229
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Erabe is imperative but to say suki sounds gentle or less strict than an order\nlike \"choose whatever you want\" rather than \"choose the method you want!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T22:28:45.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61230",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T01:57:59.050",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-01T01:57:59.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is 好きな方法を選べ a command?",
"view_count": 91
}
|
[
{
"body": "This doesn't feel like a question but I will answer what I think you are\nasking, which is maybe:\n\n> Is using 好き in an imperative sentence as strict in commanding as in a\n> sentence without it?\n\nTo compare what you're describing in the body of your question, it's closer to\nsaying _Choose the method you prefer_ in an imperative way. It is a direct way\nof saying it.\n\nIn order to change what is being said, you can also just say **方法を選べ**. This\nis MUCH more direct and just says _Choose a method._\n\nLikewise, if you'd like to be gentler than the original phrase, you could opt\nfor 好きな方法を **選んでください** , which translates to _Please choose the method you\nprefer,_ more or less. This is probably the gentler yet formal choice when\nexpressing this request.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-31T23:26:29.533",
"id": "61232",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-31T23:26:29.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "61230",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61230
| null |
61232
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61236",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In English, \"warm\" and \"hot\" are usually interchangeable when ordering a hot\ndrink. In my experience, \"hot\" is more frequently used.\n\nI was corrected with 温かいコーヒー when asking for an 熱いコーヒー so I assume that my\nstatement was incorrect.\n\nThus, I am curious as to why 温かい is the preferred adjective for ordering a\n\"hot\" beverage?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T02:46:30.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61233",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-03T05:39:09.983",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-03T05:39:09.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Why is 温かい used instead of 熱い when ordering a hot drink?",
"view_count": 634
}
|
[
{
"body": "One of the definitions for 温かい is \"(pleasantly) hot\".\n\nThus, requesting a beverage that is 熱い is akin to asking for an\n\"(unpleasantly) hot\" drink.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T03:08:14.253",
"id": "61234",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-03T05:38:10.573",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-03T05:38:10.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"parent_id": "61233",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "「熱い飲み物」 is used when we want to **emphasize** a drink's hotness.\n\n「温かい飲み物」 is used for drinks that are **properly** hot.\n\nMy friend often says 「熱いお茶をください」 when she wants to emphasize its hotness.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T04:35:50.780",
"id": "61236",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-03T05:23:30.707",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-03T05:23:30.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "18189",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "61233",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary:\n\n熱い: When the temperature is excessively hot. \n暖かい: neither hot nor cold, a comfortable temperature.\n\nあつい(熱い)温度が著しく高く感じられる。 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/4736/meaning/m1u/熱い/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/4736/meaning/m1u/%E7%86%B1%E3%81%84/)\n\nあたたかい(暖かい／温かい)物が冷たくなく、また熱すぎもせず、程よい状態である。 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/4532/meaning/m1u/暖かい/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/4532/meaning/m1u/%E6%9A%96%E3%81%8B%E3%81%84/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-29T14:02:21.247",
"id": "61852",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-29T14:02:21.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61233",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61233
|
61236
|
61236
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> アレルギーがございませんですが、何をいただけばいいでございますか。\n\nDoes this make sense? I'm trying to write in humble form and trying to connect\nthe two sentences by using が as \"but\". However, I'm not sure how to use it\nwith でございます。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T03:41:05.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61235",
"last_activity_date": "2023-07-21T01:05:10.567",
"last_edit_date": "2022-09-23T22:00:00.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "15907",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Can I say がございませんですが？ Does it make sense?",
"view_count": 288
}
|
[
{
"body": "As the comment says, ございませんですが is off the mark.\n\nIncidentally, even if you fix the awkward/comical grammar, it's still weird.\nIn other words, アレルギー **が** ございませんが、何をいただけばいいでしょうか means that you are\ndemanding the listener to offer something substitutable when you find that\ns/he doesn't have the object called アレルギー despite s/he is supposed to offer it\nto you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T04:48:38.007",
"id": "61238",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T04:48:38.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "61235",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "You probably don't need to use 敬語 when talking to a doctor (although you could\ncertainly do it as he is in a position of authority), but you could stick to\n丁寧語. To ask if you have any allergies, [you can\nsay](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/Are+you+allergic%3F):\n\n> アレルギー体質ですか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-10-23T23:25:49.907",
"id": "96828",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-23T23:25:49.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"parent_id": "61235",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61235
| null |
61238
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61243",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On page 43 of the first vol of the _Spice and Wolf_ light novel, a part of a\nsentence reads\n\n> しかし、もしホロが何か動物が姿を変えたものだとしたら\n\nHow do the two が particles function in the above sentence together with 変えた\nand 姿を?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T08:23:31.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61241",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-22T06:15:30.590",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-22T06:15:30.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "22207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "しかし、もしホロが何か動物が姿を変えたものだとしたら",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[
{
"body": "> しかし、もしホロ **が** 何か動物 **が** 姿を変えたものだとしたら...\n\nYou can parse it like this:\n\n> しかし、もしホロが X だとしたら... \n> If we assume that Horo is X.\n\nWhere X is:\n\n> 何か動物 **が** 姿を変えたもの \n> Some kind of animal that has changed form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T08:50:50.633",
"id": "61243",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T08:50:50.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "61241",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
61241
|
61243
|
61243
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61287",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This verb is also written in katakana despite the presence of kanjis. What is\nthe difference between them ? In which context **嵌まる** suits more than **填まる**\n, what is the nuance ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T09:39:56.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61244",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-29T13:49:39.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 嵌まる and 填まる",
"view_count": 438
}
|
[
{
"body": "At the kanji level, 嵌 is not in the joyo kanji list, and it primarily means\n\"inlay\" or \"pit(fall)\". 填 is a variation of a joyo kanji 塡, but the reading of\nは-まる is not listed in the joyo kanji list. It mainly means \"fill (a container,\nhole, etc)\" or \"compensate\".\n\nBoth 填まる and 嵌まる are relatively difficult readings, although I believe most\nadults can read them. When people use はまる slangily in the sense of \"to be\ntrapped\" or \"to be stuck\", it is almost always written as ハマる or はまる. When I\nneed to choose a kanji, probably I prefer 嵌まる.\n\nOn BCCWJ...\n\n * ハマる: 83 results\n * 嵌まる: 5 results (excluding 当て嵌まる)\n * 填まる/塡まる: 1 result (!)\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT** :\n\n * Do not use 嵌まる/塡まる/填まる/ハマる whatsoever if you are writing something in \"proper standard Japanese\" (official document, magazine article, cooperate website, ...). Just use はまる.\n * You can safely use ハマる in informal settings (online chat, blog) if it means \"trapped\", \"stuck\" or \"addicted\" (罠にハマった, この試験問題でハマった, サッカーにハマった).\n * You may use the kanji versions in creative/stylistic writings (novel, poem, lyrics), but use 塡/填 only in fairly pompous/stiff ones. In the nature of creative writings, they are not strictly distinguished, but IMHO 嵌 tends to be chosen if it means \"trapped\" or \"stuck\", whereas 塡/填 tends to be chosen if it means \"embedded\" or \"attached\". (罠に嵌まった, この試験問題で嵌まった, 宝石が填まった石碑, 鉄の輪が填まった棒)\n\nBottom line is that most native speakers (including me) virtually have no\nreason to choose any of the kanji versions.",
"comment_count": 4,
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{
"body": "There is no difference. According to the dictionary they mean the same thing. \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/179287/meaning/m0u/嵌まる/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/179287/meaning/m0u/%E5%B5%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B/) \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/嵌まる/#je-61538](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%B5%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B/#je-61538)",
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61244
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61287
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"body": "I'm trying to say something like \"I want to make friends with people who like\nx\" but I can't figure out how to say it. I think 「ｘが好きな友達を作りたい」but that\ndoesn't seem quite right. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T09:53:09.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61245",
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"owner_user_id": "27227",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "How does 好き work in relative clauses?",
"view_count": 129
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「ｘが好{す}きな友達{ともだち}を作{つく}りたい。」\n\nis a well-formed sentence with nothing incorrect or unnatural about it. You\ncould also say:\n\n> 「ｘが好きな人{ひと} **と** 友達 **に** なりたい.」\n\nFinally, it is also correct and common among us native speakers to say:\n\n> 「[Noun] + 好{ず}きな人」 Note 「好き」 is read 「 **ず** き」 here.\n\nIf you inserted a 「の」 or 「が」 between the noun and 「好きな」, then you pronounce\nthe 「好き」 as 「 **す** き」.",
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61245
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61251
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61251
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{
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"body": "I know the literal meaning is \"to make the conversation/talk larger\" but in\nterms of nuance of actual meaning in English I am confused. How would you say\nthis in English?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-01T09:53:39.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61246",
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"owner_user_id": "31125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What does it mean when someone says ”話を大きくしてる”",
"view_count": 291
}
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[
{
"body": "「話{はなし}を大{おお}きくする」 is a set phrase meaning \"to stretch a story\", \"to\nexaggerate\", etc.\n\nThe fine nuance intended is context-dependent, but the expression is most\noften used to describe how better, worse or more important someone is trying\nto make his story seem.\n\nThe common contemporary and colloquial version would be 「話を盛{も}る」.",
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"creation_date": "2018-09-01T10:58:41.867",
"id": "61249",
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{
"body": "According to the dictionary 大きい can mean \"exaggerated\", \"boasting\", \"bragging\"\n\nExamples: \nできもしないのに大きい口をきく。 \nEven though he is unable to do it, he boasts about it.\n\n大きい顔をする。 \nTo be arrogant.\n\n大きいことを言う。 \ntalk big\n\nおおきい【大きい】: \n９ 大げさである。 \n10 いばっている。偉そうだ。 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/28431/meaning/m0u/大きい/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/28431/meaning/m0u/%E5%A4%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%84/) \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/大きい/#je-7796](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%A4%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%84/#je-7796)\n\nSo 話を大きくする means to \"to boast\", \"to brag\", \"to exaggerate\", \"to talk big\"",
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"creation_date": "2018-09-29T13:41:53.020",
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] |
61246
| null |
61249
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{
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"body": "`じっとり` always has a **negative nuance** to it when used, such as when\ndescribing perspiration.\n\n`しっとり` has several meanings, but in this context it is used to describe the\ndampness of something.\n\nAn example sentence using `しっとり`:\n\n`しっとりとぬれる : become wet `\n\nIs `しっとり` **strictly positive** , or can it be negative like `じっとり`?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T09:56:50.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61247",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-29T13:03:48.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Is a negative nuance possible with しっとり when used to describe moisture of an object?",
"view_count": 283
}
|
[
{
"body": "「しっとり」, as long as the word is being used properly, would always be positive\nand that should be why it is so heavily used in advertisement for food and\ncosmetic products.\n\nIf an object contained moisture in a way that was undesirable to a person,\ns/he would opt to use 「べたつく」、「 **じ** っとり」、「じめじめ（している）」, etc. instead to add a\nnegative nuance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T11:40:58.057",
"id": "61250",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary, しっとり seems to have a positive meaning. \n１ 軽く湿りけが行き渡っているさま。 \n２ 静かに落ち着いて、好ましい趣のあるさま。 \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/98671/meaning/m0u/しっとり/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/98671/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%97%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8A/)",
"comment_count": 1,
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61247
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61250
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"body": "I'm trying to understand the meaning of a beginning passage in a fashion\nmagazine on a page about make-up.\n\n> ”トレンドくすみカラーでこびないワタシ”\n>\n> くすんだピンクやラベンダー、ダスティーなピンクなど今まで手を出しにくかったちょっとくすんだ”オトナ色”で、ゴーイングマイウェイなこびないフェイス。\n\nThis what my interpretation of the passage is as far, I don't think it's\ncorrect in any way really.\n\n> \"I don't suit the muted colours trend.\"\n>\n> Using muted pink, lavender, dusty pink, etc hasn't suited me until now,\n> slightly muted \"adult colours\" suits my face/doesn't suit my face.\n\nI'm very confused as to what this means. I can't tell if it's talking about\nmuted colours in a positive or negative way. I also cannot figure out the\nmeaning of 手を出す and ゴーイングマイウェイ. I understand that it says \"going my way\" but I\ndon't know what it actually means. I'm also not sure if I've properly\nunderstood the meaning of こびる either. I think in this context it's supposed to\nmean to flatter/to suit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T10:32:15.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61248",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-09-01T10:53:19.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "25653",
"owner_user_id": "25653",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Can't understand what this passage is trying to say",
"view_count": 151
}
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[
{
"body": "> ”トレンドくすみカラーでこびないワタシ”\n>\n> くすんだピンクやラベンダー、ダスティーなピンクなど今まで手を出しにくかったちょっとくすんだ”オトナ色”で、ゴーイングマイウェイなこびないフェイス。\n\nWhere to start? Guess I'll start with 「こびる」 as it is a key word here. Get that\nwrong and the whole passage will make little sense. I am sure dictinaries will\ngive you \"to flatter\" as that verb's first definition, but did it help you at\nall? I would highly doubt it.\n\n「こびる」 in this context would mean along the lines of \" _ **to play the kawaii\ngirl (toward others around you)**_ \" in my own words. So, 「こびない」 means \"not\nplaying the kawaii girl\". What colors would most people expect the\nquintessential kawaii girl to wear? Certainly not くすんだ (\"dull, somber, etc.\")\ncolors, right? Hope things are starting to make sense for you here. This\narticle is shouting \"Cute, girly colors are no longer fashionable!\" Do I need\nto continue?\n\n「手を出す」 here means \"to try (new things)\", \"to attempt something.\" What are the\ncolors that little cute girls might not want to wear? Dusty pink or lavender,\nright? Wear those and you are no longer that kawaii girl you thought you would\nforever be!\n\n「ゴーイングマイウェイ」 should mean \"having one's own style\", \"not trying to please\nothers\", etc.\n\nI am not translating the whole passage to save your question from looking like\na TL request. Just hope I covered the things that were holding you back.",
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61248
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"body": "I can't find this kanji in the dictionary jsho. I tried all given readings in\nthe dictionary. What does it mean ? Question nr 9\n\nThanks a lot\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FG2Tg.jpg)\n\nUpdated: without I at the end could not find",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T14:01:15.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61252",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30994",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "what is the correct reading for this kanji",
"view_count": 150
}
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[
{
"body": "やすい。安い。\n\nIt is literally given in the options. You could have just tried them all.\n\nIt means :\n\n 1. Cheap, Inexpensive\n 2. Calm, Peaceful, Quiet",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-01T16:48:17.787",
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61255
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"body": "What exactly is the difference in meaning of にだけ vs だけに?\n\nMy dictionary gives an example of: 僕にだけ話してください．vs 僕だけに話してください。\n\nThese are translated as the following: Please tell it to me only/Please tell\nit to me alone.\n\nI'm slightly confused as to the difference in meaning. In English, these could\nboth have the same meaning, although the second can also mean that it should\nbe told to the teacher with no other people present (but allowing you to tell\nit to other people at another time).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T14:26:48.520",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "にだけ vs だけに － Difference in meaning?",
"view_count": 1669
}
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[
{
"body": "No difference in meaning.\n\nAs a native speaker, I thought what is the difference here for 20 seconds, and\nmy conclusion is: THE SAME. They are interchangeable.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-02T15:21:02.990",
"id": "61280",
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{
"body": "Both Japanese sentences mean the same thing, \"Tell it only to me.\" (The\nEnglish word \"alone\" can also mean \"no one else is present\", but here it just\nmeans \"only\".)\n\nXにだけ and Xだけに are interchangeable in most cases, but there are exceptions.\n\n * Only Xだけに means \"precisely because of X\", \"as might be expected from X\" (see [this](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=dakeni)). Likewise, only Xだけに [introduces a pun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17389/5010).\n\n> 北海道だけに寒い。 As might be expected of Hokkaido, it's cold. \n> × 北海道にだけ寒い。 (wrong)\n\n * Only Xにだけ go well with the \"adverbial-form\" of na-adjectives.\n\n> 部分的にだけ事実を教える。 to tell the fact only partially \n> × 部分的だけに事実を教える。 (wrong)",
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{
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BEj1s.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ii2vR.png)\n\nA Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar 日本語基本文法辞典",
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"body": "I was watching _Chuunibyou_ (might’ve been something else) and noticed that in\nthe credits there was 「キャスト」written. I thought for a bit and figured it must\nbe “cast”. But why would it be 「キャスト」 with a “kya” rather than 「カスト」with a\n“ka” ?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-01T17:36:34.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61256",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Why is “キャスト” katakana for “cast” rather than “カスト”?",
"view_count": 215
}
|
[] |
61256
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "In reference to a video game, I might say:\n\n> \" _Braid_ is a rewarding puzzle game with beautiful art.\"\n\nIn this sense, I don't mean art as in a specific piece of art in the game, I\ndon't mean art as a skill or craft, and I certainly am not referring to \"the\"\narts. However, those definitions are all I could find in dictionaries.\n\nSo, what can I use to refer to something's own general style or visuals?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T19:15:56.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61257",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30941",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the word or phrase that means \"art\" (as a general aesthetic quality of something)",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "The first words that come to mind are 「美意識{びいしき}」 and 「美的{びてき}センス」.\n\nTo use those in sentences, one could say:\n\n・「このゲーム（に）は（製作者{せいさくしゃ}の）高い美意識/美的センスが感じられる。」\n\n・「このゲームの美的センスは優{すぐ}れている。」\n\netc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-02T02:48:28.143",
"id": "61264",
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},
{
"body": "You can simply use アート, and I think it's the most common choice in game\ncontexts. If you really want to make it clear that you are not referring to a\nspecific work, you can use アートスタイル. (美意識 primarily refers to someone's\nability.)\n\n> Braidは美しいアートを備えたやりがいのあるゲームです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T02:49:24.773",
"id": "61320",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 1
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"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I continue seeing sentences that (based on my knowledge) seem to contain\nconflicting usages of だろう・でしょう.\n\n> 「妻はルイヴィトンのバッグを欲しがっているんだけど、そんなもん、買えるわけないでしょう！ 」\n\nTo my understanding わけがない is an expression that denotes absolute certainty, so\nit seems counterintuitive that it is followed by でしょう (a word that\ndemonstrates a much weaker degree of certainty). My best guess it that でしょう is\nused here in order to soften the overall tone of the statement.\n\n> 「そうしたらきっと馬鹿にされてしまうのでしょう。」 If I did that I would be made fun of.\n\nThis one confuses me because it isn't translated as \"If I did that I would\n**probably** be made fun of.\" The \"probably\" part is omitted. This is not a\nunique example, though. I've seen lots of relatively simple sentences\nincluding だろうthat end up being translated without using \"probably\".\n\nI'm sorry that the format of this post is a mess; my thoughts are jumbled and\nI couldn't figure out a great way to organize it.\n\nSo to conclude I guess I'm asking if someone could explain why だろう・でしょう is\nincluded in the examples I've given/similar cases. Thank you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T21:49:27.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61259",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T21:49:27.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "Contradictory Usage of だろう・でしょう",
"view_count": 81
}
|
[] |
61259
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61265",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is a paragraph from Yukio Mishima's 憂国 - \"Patriotism\" which I understand\nrelatively well, but miss the point of the whole scene. So I don't need a\ntranslation but an explanation about the subtext happening during this scene\n(I hope I can ask such a question here).\n\n>\n> 新婚旅行は非常時だというので遠慮をした。夜を過したのはこの家であった。床に入る前に、信二は軍刀を膝の前に置き、軍人らしい訓誡を垂れた。軍人の妻たる者は、いつなんどきでも良人の死を覚悟していなければならない。それが明日来るかもしれぬ。あさって来るかもしれぬ。いつ来てもうろたえぬ覚悟があるかと訊いたのである。麗子は立って箪笥の抽斗をあけ、もっとも大切な嫁入道具として母からいただいた懐剣を、良人と同じように、黙って自分の膝の前に置いた。これでみごとな黙契が成立ち、中尉は二度と妻の覚悟をためしたりすることがなかった。\n\nThe background is that the this couple is freshly married and moved for their\nfirst night together into this flat. My questions are specifically:\n\n 1. What is the significance of the lieutenant putting his sword before his knees?\n\n 2. Why does she imitate him with dagger?\n\n 3. And why does that show her resolve?\n\n 4. What would have been possible consequences for her if she hadn't imitated him with the dagger or wouldn't have shown her resolve in any other?\n\n 5. Could she have shown her resolve in any other way than placing the dagger in front of her knees?\n\n(The story is placed in the year 1936, at the February 26th incident, which is\nwhy national and traditional feelings have been very strong among the\nmilitary. But even so, I have no idea if this was a kind of ideal behaviour of\na wife during the time of the shogunate.)\n\nThank you very much for any clarifications.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T21:49:42.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61260",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T15:06:56.040",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T15:06:56.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"history"
],
"title": "What is the subtext of this situation?",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. He showed his resolution as a soldier that he was not afraid of his own death.\n 2. Because she wanted to show her resolution as a soldier's wife that she was not afraid of his and her own death.\n 3. Because he knows her resolution as well as his resolution.\n 4. He would reprove her resolution.\n 5. I'm not sure of that. However it was the best way to show her resolution. I think she implied that she would follow him to the grave by doing that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T05:26:31.370",
"id": "61265",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T07:58:07.803",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T07:58:07.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "61260",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "1. By showing his sword to his bride, he wants to impress on her the importance or solemness of his duty as a military officer. \n\n 2. What she wants to say (without words) is that she is also ready to die for the honor of a wife of a samurai.\n\n 3. She showed that her love is profound enough to share fate with him.\n\n 4. Don't know, but at least it would destroy the scheme of this novel.\n\n 5. A bad question...She could have done anything else (and I think Shinji didn't particularly expect that she would take out a dagger, it seems to me.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T14:57:07.227",
"id": "61276",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T15:05:40.733",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T15:05:40.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31135",
"parent_id": "61260",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61260
|
61265
|
61265
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that omae means you but what does お前うが mean? \n[for reference the whole sentence is 毎度お前にばかり...すまなくお前うが]",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T23:02:26.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61261",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T16:09:52.863",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T16:09:52.863",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of うが?",
"view_count": 218
}
|
[
{
"body": "The sentence is すまなく思うが and not お前うが.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-01T23:35:57.567",
"id": "61262",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-01T23:35:57.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29939",
"parent_id": "61261",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61261
| null |
61262
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61269",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The sentence in question: 中国の気象当局は、南部の雨は弱まりつつあるものの水が引くまでには時間がかかるとしています。\n\nFor full context:\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180902/k10011604941000.html?utm_int=news-\nnew_contents_latest_001>\n\nMy attempt at translation: \"Chinas weather officials have judged about the\nrain in the southern regions that, while it abates it will take time until the\nwater which is there draws back.\"\n\nThe part 弱まり つつ ある もの is the hardest for me. I'm not sure whether I parsed つつ\ncorrectly, since it confuses me that it stands right in the middle of the\nphrase while I interpreted it as a temporal conjunction. Also, the way I\ninterpreted あるものの水 was more out of despair because I didn't really know how\nelse to make sense of it xD",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T09:03:34.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61268",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T03:09:09.977",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to interprete this ある もの?",
"view_count": 293
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 南部の雨は弱まりつつあるものの...\n\nYou're splitting it up in the wrong places.\n\nつつある attaches to the masu-stem of a verb to indicate that the action is\ncontinuing.\n\nものの is a particle that means 'although'.\n\nUsing this we get:\n\n> Although the rain in the south is weakening....",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T09:12:54.543",
"id": "61269",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T09:12:54.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "61268",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "ものの is one single expression, and means \"although\", \"but\".\n\nものの: \n［接助］《形式名詞「もの」＋格助詞「の」から》 \n活用語の連体形に付く。逆接の確定条件を表す。…けれども。…とはいえ。\n\nexamples: \n習いはしたものの、すっかり忘れてしまった。 \n新機軸を打ち出したものの、採用はされなかった。 \n私の知ったことではない．とはいうもののやはり悲しいよ。 \nIt's none of my business. But I am grieved nevertheless.\n\nIn modern Japanese it is often used in expressions like: \nとはいうものの \nいいような（よかった）ものの \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/219938/meaning/m1u/ものの/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/219938/meaning/m1u/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AE/) \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/ものの/#je-75627](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AE/#je-75627)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T03:09:09.977",
"id": "61708",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T03:09:09.977",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61268",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61268
|
61269
|
61269
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "すまなく is 'sorry' but how does 思うが change this meaning? 'I feel sorry?'",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T10:35:01.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61270",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T17:11:21.583",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T17:11:21.583",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "What does すまなく思うが mean?",
"view_count": 184
}
|
[
{
"body": "すまない = sorrowful\n\nすまなく = sorrowfully (this is the 連用形 of すまない)\n\n思う = to think (verb)\n\nが = but (conjunctive)\n\nLiterally すまなく思うが = I think sorrowfully but... = I feel sorry but ...\n\nThe sentence is unfinished. It is up to the reader/listener to guess what\nfollows.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T12:37:18.637",
"id": "61271",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T13:05:53.343",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T13:05:53.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "61270",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Here the meaning of 思う is ratherr \"feel\" than \"think\" in English.\n\nすまなく思うが＝ Though I feel sorry,...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T15:16:24.093",
"id": "61279",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T15:16:24.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31135",
"parent_id": "61270",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61270
| null |
61271
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read this line in a manga\" 毎度お前にばかり...\" the official translation says \" I'm\nalways doing this to you\" but the fan translation says \" you always have to do\nit \" Which is more accurate?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T14:24:02.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61273",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T15:58:53.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "毎度お前にばかり- you always do or I always do?",
"view_count": 83
}
|
[
{
"body": "To be precise, the sentence means\n\n> 毎度お前にばかり(頼んで)...すまなく思うが \n> I'm always asking you to do this. I'm sorry, but (I need your help).\n\nThe verb omitted after お前に is 頼む.\n\nSo it's \"I'm sorry I'm always doing this (=asking you)\" or \"I'm sorry you\nalways have to do this (because I ask you to do so).\" Both translations are\nnot incorrect if there is a proper context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T15:51:33.037",
"id": "61283",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T15:58:53.570",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T15:58:53.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61273",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61273
| null |
61283
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61275",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "> 2020年の開業に向けて、ＪＲ東日本が東京の山手線の品川駅と田町駅の間で **建設を進めている新しい駅の工事現場**\n> が、初めて報道関係者に公開されました。 \n> The construction site of a new station, that JR are progressing between the\n> Yamanote and Tamachi stations with the aim of a 2020 completion, was opened\n> to the press for the first time.\n\nI'm struggling with the part in bold. If I'm parsing this correctly then the\nsimplified relative clause will be\n\n> ＪＲ東日本が建設を進めている駅\n\nMy problem is that 進める already has a subject (ＪＲ東日本) and an object (建設), but I\nthought 駅 would be the object.\n\nMy only guess is that を isn't the object marker here but means 'through' (like\nthe use with 歩く for example). So the clause would read 'the station that JR\nare progressing through _the_ construction _phase_.\n\nAm I correct or have I made a serious parsing error?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T14:28:04.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61274",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T02:44:32.610",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-を",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Use of を with 進める",
"view_count": 227
}
|
[
{
"body": "駅 is connected to 建設. 「駅の建設」というふうにつながります。\n\nThe non-relative version of\n\n> 「JR東日本が（東京の山手線の品川駅と田町駅の間で）建設を進めている **（新しい）駅** 」\n\nis...\n\n> 「JR東日本が（東京の山手線の品川駅と田町駅の間で） **（新しい）駅** の建設を進めている。」",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T14:41:36.100",
"id": "61275",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T14:41:36.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "61274",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "It seems you might be overthinking here.\n\nFirst of all, 「進{すす}める」 is a 100% genuine **_transitive_** verb, which is why\nit naturally takes 「を」.\n\nThe 「を」 that you are talking about can only be used with **_intransitive_**\nverbs. (「町{まち}を歩{ある}く」、「公園{こうえん}を走{はし}る」, etc.) So, 「進める」 cannot be used with\nthat particular 「を」.\n\n「建設{けんせつ}を進める」, therefore, means \" ** _to proceed with construction_** \". (It\nis frustrating having to use the English intransitive verb \"to proceed\" to\ndefine the Japanese transitive verb.)\n\n> My problem is that 進める already has a subject (ＪＲ東日本) and an object (建設), but\n> I thought 駅 would be the object.\n\n「建設」 is the object. They are **_not_** 進めている an 駅{えき}. One could, of course,\nsay that they are 進めている the 駅の建設.\n\n> 建設を進めている新しい駅の工事現場{こうじげんば}\n\nthus means:\n\n> \"the construction site for the new station that (JR) has proceeded to build\"\n\nThe original contains both 建設 and 工事. In my attempt not to use \"construction\"\ntwice, I ended up using \"proceeded to build\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T15:15:23.370",
"id": "61278",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T15:15:23.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "61274",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> My problem is that 進める already has a subject (ＪＲ東日本) and an object (建設), but\n> I thought 駅 would be the object.\n\nJapanese sentences can have more than one \"subject\". The un-relativized, base\nsentence is something like this.\n\n> この新しい駅 **は** JR東日本 **が** 建設 **を** 進めている。 \n> As for this new station, JR East is proceeding with the construction.\n\nSimilar examples:\n\n> * 彼が中国で計画を進めているプロジェクト\n> * 彼女がすでに内容を確認してある書類\n> * 彼が品種を改良しているバラ\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T02:56:59.353",
"id": "61321",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T02:56:59.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61274",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "駅 is part of the object.\n\nＪＲが駅の建設を進めている。 \nJR is advancing the construction of a station\n\nＪＲが建設を進めている駅。 \nThe station whose construction JR is advancing",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-24T02:44:32.610",
"id": "61707",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-24T02:44:32.610",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61274",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61274
|
61275
|
61275
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61288",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ドアを開ける時ノブが **上がりきっていたら** 誰かが部屋に入った可能性がある\n\nThis part is from Death Note.\n\nIs this musu stem(連用形) + きって (te form of くる)? \nIf so, how is it different from 上がってきって?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T17:24:50.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61286",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T17:39:30.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 上がりくる",
"view_count": 128
}
|
[
{
"body": "The verb you're seeing is 上がり切る【きる】, not 上がり来る【くる】. (The te-form of 来る is きて,\nnot きって.) 切る in a compound verb often means \"thoroughly\" or \"fully\". (食べ切る,\n買い切る, 読み切る, ...)\n\n> ノブが上がりきっていたら \n> if the doorknob has fully moved up, ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T17:39:30.410",
"id": "61288",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T17:39:30.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61286",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61286
|
61288
|
61288
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61290",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 新しい駅は、品川駅と田町駅の間にある車両基地の一部を縮小し **建設が進められていて** 、山手線と京浜東北線の列車が停車する計画です。 \n> The new station will reduce part of the rail yard between the Shinagawa and\n> Tamachi stations and 建設が進められていて and it is planned that Yamanote line\n> Keihintouhoku line trains will stop _there_.\n\nI have no idea how 建設が進められていて fits into this sentence. I can only translate it\nas \"by means of construction proceeding ...\"i.e. the act of construction\nproceeding is the way that trains will stop at the station. Well, that seems\nso obvious that it doesn't need to be said. If you don't finish building the\nstation then no trains will be stopping there.\n\nOr maybe the sentence is just saying three separate things strung together\ninto one incoherent sentence. \"The station will reduce the rail yard **and**\nconstruction is progressing **and** trains will stop there\".\n\nI feel I must have completely misunderstood/mis-parsed this sentence.\n\nI also feel a bit weird about translating 縮小 as 'reduce'. 'Occupy' or\n'replace' would seem like more natural words to use in English. Is there any\nway I can think of 縮小する to make it seem more natural?\n\nPutting my two concerns together I have a final hypothesis that 車両基地の一部を縮小し\nand 建設が進められていて go together to give \"Construction is proceeding that will\nreduce part of the railyard and ... If that is so then I didn't know you could\njoin two clauses with the masu-stem form (I don't know the real name for this)\nwhere the first clause is the purpose of the second clause.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T17:47:39.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61289",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T14:39:19.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"parsing"
],
"title": "Can two clauses joined by masu-stem form have an reason-action relationship?",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "You have not parsed the sentence correctly. The first half of this sentence is\na \"double-subject\" clause:\n\n> 新しい駅は建設が進められていて、... \n> (literally) As for the new station, construction is being proceeded, (and\n> ...)\n\nAnd 品川駅と田町駅の間にある車両基地の一部を縮小し is adverbially modifying 建設が進められる. It can be\nrephrased as 品川駅と田町駅の間にある車両基地の一部を縮小 **することで** (\"by partially reducing the size\nof the rail yard located between Shinagawa and Tamachi stations).\n\nIt says 縮小 because only a part of the rail yard will be used for the new\nstation. (This rail yard is large; check it on Google Map if you are\ninterested.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T18:04:54.247",
"id": "61290",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T18:21:19.653",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T18:21:19.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61289",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "You have 3 sentences, all with the same topic:\n\n新しい駅は...基地の一部を縮小する。 \nThe new station will reduce part of the yard.\n\n新しい駅は建設が進められている。 \nThe construction of the new station is advancing.\n\n新しい駅は...列車が停車する計画です。 \nIt is planned for the trains to stop at the new station.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T14:39:19.087",
"id": "61753",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T14:39:19.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61289",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61289
|
61290
|
61290
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I’ve been reading about sound change in Japanese and I keep coming across the\nphrase ‘発音上の’ as in\n\n> 発音上の相違に支えられて開合の仮名遣いに区別がありました.\n\nIn the above example, what purpose does ‘上’ serve? Should I read ‘発音上’ or\n発音‘上の...’？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T20:43:09.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61291",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T23:41:48.840",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-02T21:19:16.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10644",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "I need help analyzing the phrase 発音上の",
"view_count": 349
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is the suffix\n[上【じょう】](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%8A-33718#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88):\n\n> ### じょう 【上】\n>\n> [一] ...\n>\n> [二] （接尾） \n> 名詞に付いて、…に関して、…の面で、…の上でなどの意を表す。 「一身－の都合」 「道義－の責任」 「行きがかり－しかたがない」\n\nSince 発音上 is not a single word and you can identify 発音 as a word from the\ncontext, the trick would be to look in a monolingual dictionary for\ndefinitions of 上 as a suffix. There are only 上【じょう】 and 上【うえ】 and context\ntells you it would not be the suffix 上【うえ】 (as in 父上).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-02T21:17:42.547",
"id": "61292",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-02T21:17:42.547",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "61291",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "It is a suffix pronounced as じょう. \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/上/#je-35203](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E4%B8%8A/#je-35203) \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/107334/meaning/m1u/上/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/107334/meaning/m1u/%E4%B8%8A/)\n\nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar\", page 76:\n\n> 上: a suffix which indicates the idea of \"from the viewpoint of\", \"for the\n> sake of\", \"for the reason\", or \"in terms of\"\n\nExample: \n\n> この映画は教育上よくない。 \n> This film is not good from an educational point of view.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T14:23:12.507",
"id": "61752",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T23:41:48.840",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T23:41:48.840",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61291",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61291
| null |
61292
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61294",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was asked to translate the following sentence:\n\n> > **弟は友だちの大きいくるまで学校に行きます。**\n\nI first split it up (in my head) so it looks easier to read, whilst\nrecognising the particles.\n\n> 弟 **は** 友だち **の** 大きい くるま **で** 学校 **に** 行きます。\n\nAnd then this was easy... until I stumbled across a _slight_ problem; I know\nthat this must be one of the following sentences when translated, but I don't\nknow which one.\n\n> * My younger brother ~~went~~ goes to school in _my_ friend's big car.\n> * My younger brother ~~went~~ goes to school in _his_ friend's big car.\n>\n\nHow do I tell which sentence is the correct one? (I think it's the first one,\nbut am not too sure.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T03:01:38.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61293",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T14:13:23.213",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-03T03:14:50.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "29594",
"owner_user_id": "29594",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"particles",
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What does 弟は友だちの大きいくるまで学校に行きます properly translate to?",
"view_count": 336
}
|
[
{
"body": "The topic particle \"は\" leaves some room for interpretation, but in general,\neverything that follows it--and is not specifically indicated otherwise--is in\nrelation to the \"thing\" (could be person, place, activity, etc.) indicated by\nthe \"は\".\n\nWith that in mind, the correct translation is the second one (My younger\nbrother goes to school in _his_ friend's big car.) because the question of\nwhose \"friend\" is it? is answered by the overall topic of the sentence (the\nyounger brother).\n\nBut that's just my two cents.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T04:48:26.713",
"id": "61294",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-03T04:48:26.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31141",
"parent_id": "61293",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "There is no way to know the sentence is ambiguous, without context it could\nmean either way.\n\nBut, taken out of context, the first interpretation should be \"his friend\". \n弟 is the topic of the sentence, so everything in the sentence must be about 弟. \nSo the very first assumption is that 友だち refers to a friend of 弟.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T14:13:23.213",
"id": "61751",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T14:13:23.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61293",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61293
|
61294
|
61294
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61296",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 勝ち取るしかないのだ。誰もが納得するかたちで。\n\nI don't remember what the context is but i assume the speaker has to win.\n\nBecause I have to win, anyone would understand (what i'm trying to do here) ?\n\nwhat exactly is かたちで?\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T05:19:15.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61295",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T14:02:52.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "breakdown of 誰もが納得するかたちで",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "かたち（形）basically means form, shape, figure, etc. In this context, かたちで means\n**in a way that**. The speaker is saying that there is no other way but for\nhim/her/them to win (earn, gain, etc.), and that s/he/they must do it in a way\nthat is acceptable to everyone.\n\nOther examples of 形で:\n\n> 目に見{み}える形{かたち}で社会{しゃかい}に貢献{こうけん}したい\n\n(I'd) like to contribute to the society in a visible manner\n\n> コンピューターで読{よ}み取{と}れる形{かたち}で整理{せいり}する\n\nOrganize in a form that can be read in a computer",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T07:07:31.180",
"id": "61296",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-03T10:58:44.157",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-03T10:58:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "61295",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "形(かたち) can be translated as \"way\" or \"form\" \n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/形/#je-12491](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%BD%A2/#je-12491)\n\nSo the translation becomes: \n誰もが納得するかたちで \nIn a way that anybody agrees.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T14:02:52.217",
"id": "61749",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T14:02:52.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61295",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61295
|
61296
|
61296
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61383",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I would like to say the following in Japanese: **contact** , **contact me**\nand **email here**. Would the following suffice:\n\n**\"Contact\"** as in: contact:[email protected]. Is it simply: **コンタック** /\n**Kontakku** ?\n\n**Contact Me** as in contact me:[email protected]. Would it be **Watashi ni renraku\nshite** is there a simpler way to say this?\n\n**Email Here** as in email here:[email protected] **メールはこちら** / **Mēru wa kochira**",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T10:34:46.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61297",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T15:04:51.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25102",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"email"
],
"title": "How to say \"Contact Me\" for email",
"view_count": 2178
}
|
[
{
"body": "The following should suffice:\n\nこれからはこのアドレスにメールを送ってください。\n\nアドレス：[email protected]",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T18:17:01.500",
"id": "61351",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-05T18:17:01.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22594",
"parent_id": "61297",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "This really matters on the context, but below I have provided two examples.\n\nThe best way to get it across in a business setting would be:\n\n> こちらに連絡（れんらく)してください。(Kochira ni Renraku shitekudasai.)\n>\n> メールアドレス：[email protected]\n\nIf it is casual, just a simple:\n\n> メールは[email protected]です。\n\nWould work great.\n\nI hope this helped! Please notify me if clarification would be needed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-07T05:49:55.367",
"id": "61383",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-07T05:49:55.367",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30135",
"parent_id": "61297",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "There is no such word as コンタック. \n連絡{れんらく} is used usually for phone calls. \nメールはこちら is OK. \nYou could also say メールアドレス.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:58:37.330",
"id": "61748",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T15:04:51.463",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T15:04:51.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61297",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61297
|
61383
|
61351
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61300",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": ">\n> 私が毎日使っている◯◯線の特急電車に乗るには、五百円の特別料金を払わなければならない。ちょっと高いけれど、蒸し暑くて我慢できない日や残業でとても疲れた日など、「コーヒーを一杯飲んだつもりで」と考えて、つい乗ってしまう。\n\nHere's my attempt at translating it:\n\n> In riding the limited Express train that passes through the line I've been\n> using, you need to pay an extra charge of 500 yen. It's a bit expensive but,\n> on days when it's too hot for me or when I'm too tired from overworking, I\n> would just ride it thinking that I had drunk a cup of coffee instead.\n\nWhat is the correlation of 'drank a cup of coffee' and 'riding the train\nduring hot days or exhaustion from work'? Is it because rather than a regular\ntrain, this particular one can help him arrive home faster?\n\nDid the writer imply that riding the train re energizes his body and it's like\npaying for a coffee? This usage of つもり seemed a bit different than\n\n死んだつもりで、１週間働いている。 \nあの女の子と友達になったつもりで、一緒に歩いて行った。 \n歌手のつもりで、大声で歌っていた。\n\nThese sound more like \"doing ... With the belief of ....\" \nWhile the above has a nuance of replacement \"doing .... As if you are doing\n... Instead\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T12:22:34.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61298",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:53:42.190",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-04T02:03:52.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Translation attempt ; didn't quite understand the writer's コーヒーを一杯飲んだつもりで",
"view_count": 316
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the つもり is like \"pretend\". 「V¹たつもりでV²する」 is an expression that means\n\"do V² pretending / imagining / making believe / telling myself that I have\ndone V¹\".\n\nExample:\n\n> 「酒を飲んだつもりで献金します。」 \n> \"I'll donate the money, pretending that I have spent it on drinks.\"\n\n特急 will help him arrive home faster, but more importantly it will not be too\ncrowded and he'll get a seat. The sentence means \"... I (often) end up riding\nit (paying ¥500), pretending I have spent the money for a cup of coffee.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T13:45:46.183",
"id": "61300",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-03T13:45:46.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "61298",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "For a train ticket 500 yens is quite expensive, but it is about the price of a\ncoffee.\n\nSo he pays for the ticket, thinking \"it is like buying a cup of coffee\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:53:42.190",
"id": "61746",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:53:42.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61298",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61298
|
61300
|
61300
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference between the following sentences:\n\n> ここは きょうしつ です。 \n> これは きょうしつ です。 \n> ここに きょうしつ です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T13:19:55.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61299",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-26T02:06:20.040",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-03T13:53:46.277",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31146",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "I want to know the difference between ここに and ここは",
"view_count": 1540
}
|
[
{
"body": "ここは きょうしつ です。 \nHere is a classroom.\n\nこれは きょうしつ です。 \nThis is a classroom.\n\nここに きょうしつ です。 \nWrong. There is no subject. です is a verb that requires a subject.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:46:31.337",
"id": "61743",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:46:31.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "You can say ここは教室です, literally \"This place is classroom\", to mean \"I/We/You\nare in a/the classroom\", talking about the place you are now. For example you\ncan use it like this:\n\n> A: ここはどこですか？ \"Where are we?\" \n> B: ここは教室です。 \"We are in a classroom.\"\n\nYou'd usually use これは教室です, literally \"This is classroom\", to mean \"This/It is\na classroom.\" You could be talking about a place you're in, a room in front of\nyou, a photo or drawing you're looking at, etc. You can use it like this:\n\n> A: これは[何]{なん}ですか？ \"What is this? (pointing at a place/photo/drawing etc.)\" \n> B: これは教室です。 \"It's a classroom.\"\n\nYou can also say ここは教室です / これは教室です to talk about the purpose of a room, as in:\n\n> A: これは何の部屋ですか？ / ここは何をするところですか？ \n> \"What is this room for?\" / \"What activity do you do here?\" \n> B: これは教室です。/ ここは教室です。 \n> \"This is a classroom.\"\n\n「ここに教室です。」 sounds unnatural to me. 「[place]+に」, literally \"in [place]\" or \"to\n[place]\", is used with the verbs of existence such as 「いる」「ある」「住む」 etc, or\nmotion verbs such as 「行く」「来る」「向かう」「帰る」 etc. e.g:\n\n> 「ここにいますよ。」 \"I am here.\" (literally \"(I) exist in this place\") \n> 「ここに来てください。」 \"Please come here.\" (literally \"Please come to this place\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-26T00:12:01.197",
"id": "61760",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-09-26T02:06:20.040",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "61299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61299
| null |
61760
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61309",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do you pronounce さ and ざ in Japanese? I understand that they are voiced\nand voiceless but how do you say them? I am currently learning Japanese.\n\nI am English, I can say \"bus\" and \"buzz\". However, it's very hard to say the\ndifferences between Sa and Za in Japanese.\n\nHow do I produce the sounds before I articulate them all?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T16:00:05.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61302",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-11T12:28:29.473",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-11T12:28:29.473",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Pronouncing さ and ざ",
"view_count": 284
}
|
[
{
"body": "How about this? In English, you can say, \"he **sa** w a ghost\" (\"saw\" sounds\nroughly like さ, at least if we're just starting to get a feel for it), and you\ncan say, \"he's a ghost\" (\"he' **s a** \" is close to being like ざ).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T18:18:45.913",
"id": "61309",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-03T18:18:45.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "31150",
"parent_id": "61302",
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"score": 1
}
] |
61302
|
61309
|
61309
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 心のスキマを埋める **には** ―恋がいちばん！\n\nThe context is the following: The girl is explaining to the guy that in order\nto free the victim from a \"ghost\", he needs to fill their heart \"void\", so\nshes saying that \"The best way to do it is with love\".\n\nI've read \"all\" the uses of particle に and can't figure out what is it doing\nthere, \"心のスキマを埋める\" don't seems to me like the \"location of existence\" of\nsomething, nor the \"direction of the action\" (there's not even an action in\nthat phrase right??, is not the \"object of the verb\" either, etc etc...\n\nI know that the は particle here is doing like a \"contrast\" nuance, saying\nsomething like \"as compared to other methods\", just not sure about the に\nparticle.\n\nThank you beforehand, and sorry if its a hard to explain question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T16:29:06.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61303",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:43:22.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Whats the に doing in the next sentence?",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "This usage is to indicate purpose, it is short for \"~ためには\". In context \"In\norder to fill the void of the victim's heart, love is the best!\" \n「心のスキマを埋めるためには―恋がいちばん！」\n\n[Read more here](https://www.imabi.net/inorderto.htm)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T17:29:37.477",
"id": "61305",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-03T17:57:11.977",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-03T17:57:11.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "31148",
"owner_user_id": "31148",
"parent_id": "61303",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar\", page 289: \nには: a conjunction/compound particle to indicate a purpose for doing something. \nIt translates to \"to\", \"in order to\", \"for the purpose of\"\n\nExamples: \n豊かな生活を送りには健康が第一だ。 \nIn order to lead a rich life, health should be your primary concern.\n\nハイヒールはハイキングには不向きだ。 \nHigh-heeled shoes are unsuitable for hiking.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T13:43:22.660",
"id": "61742",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T13:43:22.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61303",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61303
| null |
61305
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Some of you already gave good answers to the question in the title a while\nback, but I found some computer-generated pronunciations that confuse me. Are\nthe following sentences' readings correct? Thank you in advance!\n\n> お話し中すみませんが。 \n> お はなし ちゅう すみません が。 \n> May I interrupt you for a moment?\n>\n> そこら中の筋肉が痛む。 \n> そこらじゅう の きんにく が いたむ。 \n> I ache all over.\n>\n> そのパーティーは真夜中に終わった。 \n> その パーティー は まよなか に おわった。✓ \n> The party came to an end at midnight.\n>\n> その晩と次の日とその夜中ずっと地下室で過ごしたのよ。 \n> その ばん と つぎ の ひ と その よなか ずっと ちかしつ で すごした の よ。✓ \n> We spent all of that night, the next day, and the next night in the cellar.\n>\n> もう夜中を過ぎた。 \n> もう よなか を すぎた。✓ \n> It's midnight already.\n>\n> 彼はヨーロッパ中を旅行した。 \n> かれはヨーロッパじゅうをりょこうした。✓ \n> He traveled all over Europe.\n>\n> 一日中 \n> いちにちじゅう \n> all day long\n>\n> 一日中歩き回って大変疲れた。 \n> いちにちじゅう あるきまわって たいへん つかれた。 \n> I am dead tired from walking around all day.\n>\n> 僕らは夜中の２時まで話していた。 \n> ぼくら は よなか の にじ まで はなしていた。✓ \n> We talked until two in the morning.\n>\n> 夜中に申し訳ありません。 \n> やちゅう に もうしわけ ありません。 \n> I'm sorry to bother you at night.\n>\n> 容器を見ずに中身を見よ。 \n> ようき を みず に なかみ を みよ。 \n> Do not look upon the vessel but upon that which it contains.\n>\n> 彼はほとんど真夜中に家に帰った。 \n> かれ は ほとんど まよなか に いえ に かえった。✓ \n> He came home at almost midnight.\n>\n> 彼は息子を捜して町中を歩き回った。 \n> かれ は むすこ を さがして まちなか を あるきまわった。 \n> He walked the streets looking for his son.\n>\n> 彼は私に真夜中に電話してきた。 \n> かれ は わたし に まよなか に でんわ して きた。✓ \n> He rang me up at midnight.\n>\n> 私は夜中過ぎまで夫を待った。 \n> わたし は よなかすぎ まで おっと を まった。✓ \n> I waited for my husband until after midnight.\n>\n> 私は夜中過ぎまで夫を待った。 \n> わたし は やちゅう すぎ まで おっと を まった。 \n> I waited for my husband till after midnight.\n>\n> 背丈は中くらいです。 \n> せたけ は ちゅうくらい です。 \n> He is of medium height.\n>\n> 電話は話し中だ。 \n> でんわ は はなし ちゅう だ。 \n> The line is busy.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T18:09:12.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61307",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T03:47:41.587",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-04T02:39:28.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "中(なか) vs 中(ちゅう)",
"view_count": 851
}
|
[
{
"body": "These are almost perfect, but I think 夜中 in その夜中ずっと地下室で過ごした should be read\nよるじゅう (\"all over the night\"), and 夜中過ぎ in 私は夜中過ぎまで夫を待った should be read よなかすぎ\n(\"past midnight\"). It's probably better to read 町中 in 息子を捜して町中を歩き回った as まちじゅう\n(\"all over the town\") if there is no specific context.\n\nSometimes the same kanji word can have more than one reading with different\nmeanings/register.\n\n * 町中 \n * **まちなか** : (=町の中) in the town, on the street\n * **まちじゅう** : (=町の全体) all over the town \n(In general, `place name + じゅう` means \"all over ～\")\n\n * 夜中 \n * **よなか** : (=深夜) late at night, midnight \n(真夜中 is always まよなか)\n\n * **よるじゅう** : (=夜の全体) all over the night\n * **やちゅう** : (=夜の間) during the night \n(This is a fairly uncommon and highly stiff word choice)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T03:19:10.020",
"id": "61325",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T03:47:41.587",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-04T03:47:41.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61307
| null |
61325
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Hi I am a complete ignoramus as far as Japanese language is concerned. Please\nforgive me my silly question: Can you create the word YAMA DO - the way of the\nmountain, like the word KARATE DO - the way of karate? Thank you. Tom",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T18:56:07.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61310",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-03T20:18:08.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31151",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Can one create the word YAMA DO?",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "Creating words in Japanese, especially [in anime and\nmanga](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/44719/how-are-made-up-\nwords-for-anime-manga-formed-reading-and-kanji), is not all that uncommon - so\nin the abstract I think this is a reasonable thing to try and do. However,\nlet's talk about the specific word you want to create here.\n\nThe `DO` in your `KARATE DO`\n[道](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%93%20%23kanji), a kanji which can mean\n\"way\" or \"road\". It's used in a number of Japanese martial arts, such as\n[空手道](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate) ,\n[弓道](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%ABd%C5%8D)、or\n[剣道](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendo) to mean \"way\". Note that if we are\nlooking at kanji meanings here, `karatedō` is literally \"way of the empty\nhand\".\n\nThe other relevant kanji here is\n[山](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%B1%B1%20%23kanji), which just means mountain.\n\nNow, we can just put these two characters together for\n\n> 山道{やまみち}\n\nbut there's a problem - [this word already\nexists](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%93), and it doesn't mean what\nyou want it to. `山道` is read as `yamamichi` and means \"mountain road\" in the\nvery literal sense. *\n\nThat said, there is plenty of precedent for words in Japanese that have\nmultiple readings corresponding to different meanings. See\n[大家](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%B6),\n[額](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%A1%8D), and\n[生物](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9), among many others.\n\nConsequently, I think you _could_ create a word\n\n> 山道{やまどう｝\n\nas long as it was very clear to your readers that you intended for them to\nread it `yamadō`, and that it referred to whatever you wanted it to mean, and\nnot a mountain road. You would likely need to provide furigana, and/or use the\nword in some context that made it very obvious what you were talking about.\n\nIn short, you can do this, but you would need to do it in such a way that\nmakes it obvious to readers that you are trying to convey something specific\nand not \"mountain road\". If you just try and use the word in speech, native\nspeakers will likely either not understand or assume that you are are\nincorrectly pronouncing `山道｛やまみち｝` unless you explain your intent.\n\n* If you are wondering why `山道` is `yamamichi` instead of `yamadō`, you can read more about multiple kanji readings [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6196/whats-with-this-on-reading-kun-reading-thing-is-it-important-to-learn-both) as well as all over the internet. A full explanation of kanji readings is beyond the scope of this answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T20:18:08.197",
"id": "61311",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-03T20:18:08.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7705",
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"score": 2
}
] |
61310
| null |
61311
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I started to learn Japanese grammar yesterday,so I am kinda of new to this. My\nquestion is this: in an example in my textbook it says :\n\n> すしは食べた。 \n> Sushi wa tabeta. \n> I ate sushi. (Literally: As for sushi, I ate it.)\n\nCan I just use \"ga\" instead of \"wa\"? When should I use \"ga\",\"o\" and \"wa\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-03T22:08:09.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61313",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T23:07:34.800",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-04T12:38:17.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "31157",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "using wa or ga. about particles",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "> すしが食べた。\n\nWould mean that it is the すし that does the action of 食べる. So for this sentence\nyou cannot use が.\n\n> すしは食べた。\n\nAs your textbook says, it means \"I ate sushi. (Literally: As for sushi, I ate\nit.)\" and it gives a nuance of contrast: \"As for the sushi, I ate it (, but I\ndid not eat the other food)\".\n\n> すしを食べた。\n\nIs the most neutral way to say \"I ate sushi\".\n\nIf you get asked the question 何を食べましたか。 (what did you eat?), however, you can\nonly reply by using を (すしを食べました) and not は. The reason for this is that the\nquestion is neutral, so answering it with a sentence that shows a nuance of\ncontrast such as すしは食べた。 would make it quite unnatural.\n\nThat being said, if you get asked the question すしを食べましたか。 (did you eat\nsushi?). You could reply by using は, and say something like すしは食べませんでした。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T23:07:34.800",
"id": "61340",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T23:07:34.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29939",
"parent_id": "61313",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61313
| null |
61340
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61324",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know what both mean and are used for, but when I look at my reference\nmaterials, the former is often used to express the same thing as the latter.\nAre details to this that I'm not getting?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T00:14:54.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61315",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T09:13:55.933",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-06T09:13:55.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "3172",
"owner_user_id": "3172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "What's the difference between てform+行くand てform+いる?",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "_I will assume by 「ていく」 you do not mean \"Do something and leave\"._\n\nWhen you are 「ている」, you are doing it now. No reference to the future.\n\nWhen you will 「ていく」, you will do it from now, from this point on.\n\nSo,\n\n> 1. 「ていく」implies continued effort, where as 「ている」 is only about what you\n> are doing now.\n>\n> 2. 「ていく」doesn't necessarily imply that you weren't doing it before. It\n> depends on the context. (i.e.「これからも引き続き工場の安全を確保するために全力を尽くし **て行き**\n> たいと思っております。」= \"We will continue to work hard to maintain safety at our\n> factories.\")\n>\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T03:16:18.693",
"id": "61324",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T03:16:18.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18608",
"parent_id": "61315",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61315
|
61324
|
61324
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61322",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 顔面偏差値の差か、それとも日頃の行いのせいか、とにかく翔はいつも通り俺の隣でモテまくる。\n>\n> まあ今に始まった話じゃないけど、翔のヤツこれでよく色々と億劫にならないな。\n\nContext: 翔 is being popular with the ladies at the moment.\n\n> Maybe its cuz of his good looks, or how he conducts himself on a daily\n> basis, anyways, kakeru like always, is beside me with the girls fawning over\n> him.\n>\n> ... or maybe what I just said isn't the case, kakeru, this bastard, must\n> (want/) to be so variously annoying. (kakeru is the host of a meetup, and\n> probably doesn't want to get the way of the development of possible\n> relationships).\n\nIs the speaker not wanting 翔 to これでよく色々と億劫 or is the speaker saying that 翔\ndoesn't want to これでよく色々と億劫?\n\nThe latter makes more logical sense but the sentence still feels very strange.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T00:16:58.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61316",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T05:08:34.333",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Perspective of \"億劫にならない\" in this statement",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "「（よく/よくも） ～～～～（ね/な）」 is a commonly used phrasing that indicates amazement at\nhow someone is able to accomplish something, although not always on a positive\nnote.\n\n> あんなに汚かった部屋をよくこんなに綺麗に掃除できたね。\n>\n> It's amazing how you were able to clean up such a messy room.\n>\n> 目の前で９０歳のおばあさんが立っているのによくもすわっていられるな。\n>\n> It's amazing how you can stay seated when there's a 90 year old grandma\n> standing right in front of you.\n\nSo in this case,\n\n> よく色々と億劫にならないな。\n\nwould mean something close to\n\n> It's amazing how he doesn't get annoyed at all that",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T02:59:54.507",
"id": "61322",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T03:19:29.233",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18608",
"parent_id": "61316",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61316
|
61322
|
61322
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61331",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is from Death Note where Ryuk is explaining Light about the hidden\ncameras he found in his room.\n\n> もの凄いカメラの数だ。 **付けた奴は見つかるの覚悟で付けてるとしか思えない** 。全部で６４個だ。\n\nDoes 奴 refer to a person (the person who installed the cameras) or an object\n(the cameras)? Most of the translations I found only refer to a person, for\nexample:\n\n> 1) I can only imagine that whoever placed them here was prepared to be\n> caught if necessary.\n>\n> 2) I guess whoever put them here expected you to at least find some of them.\n\nIf 奴 is a person here, should I interpret 付けた奴 as \"person who installed\n(cameras)\"?\n\nAlso, can the で in 覚悟で by interpreted here as \"with\" like in \"with resignation\n(of being discovered) he installed the cameras\" ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T00:35:24.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61317",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T09:28:59.230",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-04T02:23:02.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 奴 in this context",
"view_count": 206
}
|
[
{
"body": "「奴」, pronounced 「やつ」, is an informal term used as a way to refer to a person.\nIt can often be considered rude to refer to someone using this word, so I\nwouldn't recommend using it in polite conversation, if at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T01:20:11.250",
"id": "61319",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T01:20:11.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18608",
"parent_id": "61317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "付けた奴 by itself can mean both \"the person who installed the cameras\" and \"the\ncameras someone installed\", but since this 奴 works as the subject of another\n付けた that follows, we can say this 奴 refers to a person.\n\n`noun + を覚悟で` is a set phrase that roughly means \"(do something) at the risk\nof ～\" (This を is often omitted even in writings. For example, 失敗覚悟で, 失敗を覚悟で\nand 失敗するのを覚悟で are interchangeable.)\n\n> 付けた奴は見つかるの覚悟で付けてるとしか思えない。 \n> I can't think of anything but that the guy who installed them did so at the\n> risk of being found (i.e., knowing Light might find them).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T09:28:59.230",
"id": "61331",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T09:28:59.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61317
|
61331
|
61331
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I am aware that [行く]{いく} is sometimes read 「ゆく」 but I do not think it is\n_mostly_ read as 「ゆく」except in combinations. 例えば、行く手・行く先・行く春.\n\nWhereas I almost never hear 言う as いう. These are the only two examples I know\nof where an alternate reading is as common or more common than the common\nreading and where the commonly spoken phrase is adding or changing a sound\nrather than omitting a sound.\n\n**NOTE:** I am not talking about changes that _omit_ sounds like in すき・です・ます\nbut ones that _add sound_. On this same note, I am also not interested in\nwords where the vowel sound is dropped - like 「の」 becoming 「ん」. I am looking\nfor cases where a sound is _added_ rather than _omitted_.\n\nAre there any other words where an alternate reading is more common than the\ndictionary-given reading of the word, especially when the word is not part of\na combination word? Or is this only common for the「い」 sound being slurred into\n「ゆ」?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T00:53:48.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61318",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31148",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "What common words are written one way - but almost always pronounced a different way? (eg. 言う is generally spoken as 「ゆう」)",
"view_count": 134
}
|
[] |
61318
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference when using dake and nara in sentences, and if possible\nan example sentence for each would be helpful too. Thank you very much. They\nboth mean just if I'm not mistaken. Like if I said I only understand hiragana.\nひらがなだけです. Or ひらがなならわかります. Which is better and why",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T03:09:49.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61323",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T11:18:59.927",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-25T17:19:00.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "30844",
"owner_user_id": "30844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between だけ and なら",
"view_count": 731
}
|
[
{
"body": "だけ means only, なら is, in the sense I think you're referring to, a conditional\nverb ending. They do not mean the same thing.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T23:09:24.707",
"id": "61341",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T23:09:24.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31172",
"parent_id": "61323",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "I'm going to take a stab at this:\n\n> ひらがなだけです。 ([It's] only hiragana.)\n>\n> ひらがなならわかります。 (If [it's] hiragana, [I] understand.)\n\nThey don't exactly mean the same thing, although they can carry the same\nconnotation of the speaker wanting/needing ひらがな in order to understand the\ntopic at hand (although the first phrase might be a little blunt and far-\nfetched).\n\nNow to your actual question of differences between なら and だけ:\n\n**[なら](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89)** is, as @HdcLsh said, a\nconditional auxiliary. It's used in situations where there is an if-then\nrelationship in the sentence:\n\n> 君はあの本を読む _なら_ 、これを知ってる。\n>\n> _If_ you read that book, you know this.\n\n**However** , **[だけ](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91)** is a\nseparate particle, used to indicate \"only\" or \"simply\":\n\n> リンゴ _だけ_ を食べた。\n>\n> [I] _only_ ate the apple.\n\nTherefore, you can see the drastic difference in the actual definition of\nthose words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-25T18:03:47.220",
"id": "61756",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-25T18:03:47.220",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20488",
"parent_id": "61323",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
61323
| null |
61756
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61329",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have noticed them in speech in several expressions:\n\n> ざま **あ** みろ\n>\n> 手 **エ** 、出して\n>\n> 気 **イ** 抜くなよ\n\nThey are clearly an informal (if i have got it right) variant of を. But how\ncommon is this phenomenon? What restrictions apply to the preceding noun, if\nany? And does this occur with は，が… as well?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T05:09:06.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61326",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T07:43:35.220",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles",
"pronunciation",
"compensatory-lengthening"
],
"title": "Prolonged sounds in place of an を",
"view_count": 401
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's not a variant of を. It's an elongated 手/気/etc, and を is still omitted.\nThis type of elongation very commonly happens with a single-mora word before\nomitted を (both in fiction and real conversations), but it can happen also\nbefore omitted が, は, etc.\n\n * ざまぁないな。 ([ざま **は** ない](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%A7%98%E3%81%AF%E7%84%A1%E3%81%84-511908)な。)\n * 手ぇ出ちまったんだ。 (手 **が** 出てしまったんだ。)\n * 気ぃ抜けてんじゃない？ (気 **が** 抜けてるんじゃない？)\n * 国ぃ帰ったら… (国 **へ** 帰ったら…)\n\nSee:\n\n * [手えふった - what is the \"え” here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25600/5010)\n * [What do the 「ああなる」and「気いします」mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58311/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T06:54:28.337",
"id": "61329",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T07:43:35.220",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-04T07:43:35.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61326",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
61326
|
61329
|
61329
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61333",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A friend of mine asked me for help in translating some old family documents.\nThis particular piece is an internment card of a family member that was\ncaptured on Java by the Japanese during the second world war. After some\nsuccesses, I still have trouble translating the following lines, due to the\nhandwriting and, I think, outdated kanji/kana usage.\n\n* * *\n\nThis line describes the occupation (職業) of the person. I'm pretty certain the\nsecond character is 気. I have some conjectures about the last three\ncharacters, which I think to be 系, 北, and ぶ. My closest guess for the phrase\nis 電気系北ぶ, which I would translate as something like \"Electrical systems\nNorthern division\"\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WLU6Q.png)\n\n* * *\n\nThe following two lines are written in a page for \"Other Informations\" (補修欄).\n\nHere, I believe the writer is talking about a transfer to POW-camp number one.\nHowever, I can't make sense of the first two characters, written in a\ndifferent color. I think they might be a name? With much imagination, I can\nsee them as 川悖, which might be a family name?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IY9gO.png)\n\n* * *\n\nThis line completely baffles me. In the first character, I think I recognise 耳\nand 并, but that doesn't seem to be an actual kanji. I don't recognise the\nfollowing two characters, and after that 軍 and maybe 引? I can't make heads or\ntails of it, though my friend said this was the line he was most interested\nin. This specific line is preceded by the date 31th of october 1945, which is\nnot long after the Japanese surrender.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mmfsB.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T12:01:31.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61332",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-24T20:23:51.653",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-24T20:23:51.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31166",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Need help reading old hand-written Japanese",
"view_count": 649
}
|
[
{
"body": "Thanks to naruto, I was able to verify that 社 does get contracted into the\nshape in the image using this\n[電子くずし字字典](http://clioapi.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ships/ZClient/W34/z_list.php?title=%E7%A4%BE&resourcetype=0&firstPosition=1&dataLimit=20)\nwebsite.\n\n> \n>\n> 電気会社員\n\n* * *\n\nI found the first two characters of the second line on [this page from\npowresearch.jp](http://www.powresearch.jp/jp/archive/camplist/gaichi_index.html#java).\n\n> \n>\n> 爪哇{ジャワ}俘虜{ふりょ}収容所第一分所へ移管ス\n\n爪哇 are the kanji for Java!\n\n* * *\n\n> \n>\n> 聯合{れんごう}国軍二引渡シ完了ス\n\n聯 (れん; simplified handwriting style) because 聯合国軍 is the word for the Allied\nPowers\n[聯合国軍](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E8%BB%8D%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E5%AE%98%E7%B7%8F%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T13:35:49.177",
"id": "61333",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-05T06:48:45.203",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "61332",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
61332
|
61333
|
61333
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61335",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Im struggling to understand why Hitsuyou (ひつよう) is considered a な adjective.\n\nFrom what I understand after reading about い adjectives we simply drop the\nlast い to make it negative, for example: さむい becomes 住むくない because we dropped\nthe last い and added くない to make cold become \"not cold\".\n\nThis is pretty simple to understand as each word we want to make negative\nusually has an い on the end.\n\nHowever, using this same rule to use じゃない for な doesnt make sense to me with\nひつよう as there is no な in the word.\n\nIve been reading through [this online\ndictionary](https://jlearn.net/Dictionary/Browse/1487660-hitsuyou-%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A4%E3%82%88%E3%81%86-%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81)\nbut still haven't been able to grasp why.\n\nCan you help me understand?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T16:29:46.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61334",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T16:53:27.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30741",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"negation"
],
"title": "Why is ひつよう considered a な adjective?",
"view_count": 389
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the so-called \" _-na_ adjectives\", the _-na_ only appears when the\nadjective is used attributively -- when it used to modify a noun. When these\nadjectives are used predicatively -- at the end of a sentence -- there is no\n_-na_.\n\nExamples:\n\n * この車【くるま】は静【しず】かです。 -- This car is quiet. \nこれは静【しず】か **な** 車【くるま】です。 -- This is a quiet car.\n\n * この本【ほん】は必要【ひつよう】です。 -- This book is required / necessary. \nこれは必要【ひつよう】 **な** 本【ほん】です。 -- This is a required / necessary book.\n\nNote that じゃない negation can be used after both _-na_ adjectives and nouns, and\ncan be used both attributively (to modify a noun) and predicatively (at the\nend of a sentence).\n\n * この車【くるま】は静【しず】か **じゃない** です。 -- This car is **not** quiet. \nこれは静【しず】かな車【くるま】 **じゃない** です。 -- This is **not** a quiet car. (It could be a\nloud car, or a slightly rattly car, or not even a car at all.) \nこれは静【しず】か **じゃない** 車です。 -- This is a **not-** quiet car. (A bit clunky in\nboth the English and Japanese, but the meaning is clear.)\n\nThere's some more information over at\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_equivalents_of_adjectives#na-\nadjective) that might be useful.\n\nIf you are still confused, please comment and I can expand this answer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T16:53:27.083",
"id": "61335",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T16:53:27.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "61334",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
61334
|
61335
|
61335
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know how to use ほうが to express suggestions (you should, etc) as we as\ncomparisions with より、いい, as well as paired with i-stem verbs to express \"way\nof doing,\" but I've come across it in certain contexts I don't understand. For\ninstance, to study, I like to translate song lyrics, and I'm stuck on these\nones from テイク5 by Utada Hikaru:\n\n会わないほうが ケンカすることも\n\n幻滅し合うこともない\n\nI have no clue how to parse or understand the first line. I am fairly certain\nthe second says \"and no disillusioning each other,\" but I don't understand the\nfunction of ほうが in the first. No meeting without fighting? But it is a double\nnegative because of the final ない in line 2? No meeting and fighting? Any\nadvice on how to read this appreciated :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T17:26:45.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61336",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-07T07:01:13.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ほうが without より、いい",
"view_count": 631
}
|
[
{
"body": "方 (ほう) in this context means something like \"way\".\n\nYou probably learned it in fixed expressions like したほうがいい or するほうがましだ where\nthey translate it by \"it is better to do...\" or \"you should do...\". But while\ntranslating it in such a natural English makes it easy to understand the\nJapanese expression in the situation you learn it from, it does not help\nfiguring out how to properly use it and even how to correctly understand it in\npatterns that differ from what you have seen.\n\nThe correct way to interpret 方が would be to just translate it literally. I\npersonally see it as \"the way of... is...\" which isn't what you would say in\nEnglish but it doesn't really matter.\n\n> 会いに行った方がいい > The way of having gone to meet is good > you should go to meet\n> (her)\n>\n> 秘密にする方が大変そうだな > The way of making it a secret seems hard > It looks harder\n> to keep it as a secret (than to say it)\n>\n> 行かない方がいい > The way of not going is good > You should not go\n\nYou get the point. Now as for your sentence:\n\n> 会わないほうが ケンカすることも 幻滅し合うこともない > The way of not meeting is (会わない方が) without\n> (ない) doing fights (喧嘩すること) or being disappointed (幻滅し合うこと) > Not meeting\n> avoids fights and disillusionment\n\nI hope it makes sense",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T22:51:27.823",
"id": "61339",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T22:51:27.823",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "29939",
"parent_id": "61336",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "There is an implied part in those two lines and if we try to add them to the\noriginal sentence it would look something like this:\n\n> **会うより** 会わないほうがケンカすることも幻滅し合うこともない\n\nThere are two things that they don't do and each is given a も at the end:\nケンカすること and 幻滅し合うこと. So in the above the song is saying that they don't fight\nand there is no disillusioning each other if they don't see each other, **as\ncompared to if they did**.\n\nSongs sometimes do not include implied parts like in this case, so they may\nseem strange at first.\n\n**Edit (addition):**\n\nThe link below provides several examples of comparative sentences of the\n**ほうが** form without the ～より, as well as those with ～より.\n\n> 映画は、こわいほうが、おもしろいです。\n\nThe speaker is saying that when it comes to movies, s/he is interested in the\nscary ones (over other kinds). \"Over other kinds\" is implied here.\n\n> 家は、大学から近いほうが、べんりです。\n\nThe speaker is saying that it's convenient if the house is close to the\nuniversity (rather than not). ( ) is implied.\n\n> コーヒーは、熱いほうが好きです。\n\nThe speaker likes his/her coffee hot (rather than not). ( ) is implied.\n\n> 部屋は、広いほうがいいです。\n\nA big room is good. It is implied that the speaker prefers big rooms over\nsmall rooms.\n\n> テストは簡単なほうがいいです。\n\nThe speaker prefers an easy test (over a difficult one). ( ) is implied.\n\n<https://j-nihongo.com/houga/>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T02:02:02.557",
"id": "61344",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-07T07:01:13.010",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-07T07:01:13.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "30554",
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "61336",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61336
| null |
61339
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm currently viewing a bunch of tweets about Typhoon Jebi in Kansai, and I'm\nseeing a lot of people writing 気を[っ]{L}けて specifically with a small っ.\n\n * Is this just some type of stylization? If so, what kind (internet; young people slang; danger emphasis; etc.)?\n * Or is this the case of some special usage like I talk about in this [question about 障がい者](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24810/78)?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T18:05:16.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61338",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T18:05:16.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"slang",
"spelling"
],
"title": "気をっけて - Why the small っ?",
"view_count": 194
}
|
[] |
61338
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61343",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that 上旬 means the first 10 days of the month, and that 下旬 means\nthe last (approximately) 10 days of the month. However, I would like to\nunderstand the underlying logic for the choice of 上 and 下 for the beginning\nand end (respectively) of the month.\n\nAfter all, the later days of the month have higher numbers (21 22 23 etc), so\nisn't it counter-intuitive that they labeled with 下? There must be a different\nlogical interpretation...",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T00:26:06.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61342",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-05T02:01:33.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "In 上旬・中旬・下旬, why is 上 the start and 下 the end of the month?",
"view_count": 990
}
|
[
{
"body": "In my comment above, I answered a bit tongue-in-cheek-ily that calendars have\nthe start of the month at the top, but if you want a concrete reference for\nthe meaning of it, one of the meanings of 上 is 順序が先のほう\n([source](http://www.kanjipedia.jp/kanji/0003478400)). Another example of a\nword that uses this meaning is 上巻 \"first volume\" (of a manga series, etc.).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T02:01:33.090",
"id": "61343",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "61342",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
61342
|
61343
|
61343
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61346",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 特に見物するほど珍しい物もない\n>\n> 自分の匂いの染み付いていない巣穴ほど落ち着かない物はない。\n\nI didn't think too much of the first line but it did feel a bit awkward to\nread, but when i saw this structure later on i got a bit confused.\n\n> There wasn't anything particularly special to go sight-seeing for.\n>\n> One can't settle down until one gets used to their (new) place (aka after\n> one's smell is ingrained into it).\n\nThis is the only way that this sentence could make sense, but i feels like\nit's saying the opposite. [One can't settle down until one gets used to their\n(new) place ] <-- not this?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T04:39:47.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61345",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-05T09:53:37.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "Use of ～ほど～物(は/も)ない",
"view_count": 180
}
|
[
{
"body": "`Aほど(に) + B(な) + Cは/も + (い)ない` is [a common\nconstruction](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A9%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-hodonai/).\n\nIf A is a noun, AほどB means \"as B as A\", and the sentence can be translated as\n\"No C is as B as A.\" or \"There is no C that is more B than A.\" If A is a verb,\n[AほどB](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/56248/5010) means \"B (enough) to\nA\" or \"B to the point where A happens\", and the sentence is translated as \"No\nC is B enough to A\".\n\n> * 彼女ほど美しい人もいない。 \n> No one is as beautiful as she is.\n> * これほど簡単な問題はない。 \n> There is no question that is easier than this one.\n>\n\nTherefore:\n\n> 自分の匂いの染み付いていない巣穴ほど落ち着かない物はない。 \n> Nothing is as unsettling as a den without my smell ingrained into it.\n\n落ち着かない (\"unsettling\") is a relative clause that modifies 物.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T08:52:03.187",
"id": "61346",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-05T09:53:37.677",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61345",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
61345
|
61346
|
61346
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The main meaning of 可愛くない is of course \"not cute\", but I think I've heard/seen\nthe word in other contexts, too. Is it possible for 可愛くない to be a kind of\ninsult, like \"loser\" maybe? Especially when it's used for boys?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T14:35:18.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61347",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27499",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meanings of 可愛くない",
"view_count": 745
}
|
[
{
"body": "可愛い has [a wide variety of\nmeanings](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%8F%AF%E6%84%9B%E3%81%84), but in your\ncase it probably means \"adorable\", \"innocent\", \"docile\" or \"childlike\". For\nexample, if a 9-year-old boy refuses to help his mom after saying a sarcastic\nand argumentative remark about money, that can be 可愛くない.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T07:02:38.113",
"id": "61362",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T07:02:38.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61347",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "I sometimes see it used in the sense of \"mean\" or \"ungrateful\":\n\n> お前は可愛くない性格だな。\n>\n> You're not very nice.\n>\n> せっかくドーナツ買ってきてあげたのに可愛くない！\n>\n> I bought you donuts and you're not even thankful!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T10:14:01.250",
"id": "61366",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T10:14:01.250",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"parent_id": "61347",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
61347
| null |
61362
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61349",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> あしたなにをしますか。 \n> あしたはなにをしますか。\n\nHi everyone! I want to know if there is any difference in the meaning for the\nabove sentences?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T15:28:41.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61348",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T05:42:11.677",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-06T05:42:11.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "26635",
"owner_user_id": "31109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference with and without は",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "は defines the theme of the sentence (the subjected that is talked about) so it\nmight add a nuance of contrast.\n\n> 明日は何をしますか。\n\nmeans \"what will you do tomorrow?\" in the sense of \"about tomorrow, what are\nyou going to do?\".\n\n> 明日何をしますか。\n\nThis one however just means a neutral \"what will you do tomorrow?\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T16:53:02.770",
"id": "61349",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-05T16:53:02.770",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29939",
"parent_id": "61348",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Depending on the context, for example if you were talking about what you were\ndoing the days before, the は in 「明日は何をしますか」 can imply that you will probably\ndo something different the day after. The same sentence without は has no such\nnuance.\n\nIf you want to go further, Jay Rubin's _Making Sense of Japanese_ explains the\nは concept very clearly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T22:53:45.127",
"id": "61354",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-05T22:53:45.127",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19376",
"parent_id": "61348",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61348
|
61349
|
61349
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61356",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a following line from a manga\n\n> せめてお願いをする **/** あの子たち以外には\n>\n> できるだけ迷惑をかけないようにしないと\n\nwhich of course means punctuation is lacking, hence / to indicate where a line\nbreak was, which might indicate a comma.\n\nContext: This is being monologued by a person who intends to take something\nfrom one of \"those girls\" which is of course likely to involve all of them and\nget a fight started.\n\nSo here (and before a bit) she is I think deciding that she wants to do things\nas peacefully and quietly as possible so not to bother other people.\n\nWhat I'm wondering is:\n\n1) ないようにしないと. I know しないと is one of those \"must\" forms only with the negative\nstate missing which is common. So that alone means \"must do\". I wonder what\nadditional meaning is added with the inclusion of ように. With just ように I'd say\nthat segment means \"So that (people) other than those girls aren't troubled\".\nAdding しないと seems to turn this just into \"I must not bother other people as\nmuch as possible\". I'm just then wondering why use ように at all? Couldn't をかけないと\nhave conveyed the same? Or in other words, is there a more nuanced meaning\nadded with that ように?\n\n2) せめてお願いをする, does this describe the girls? Or is this maybe a separate\nsentence segment. Is this: \"I wish at least, not to bother anyone except those\ngirls as much as possible\" Or is is something like: \"I'll at least ask the\ngirls (for what I need), and endeavor not to bother anyone else\".\n\nSorry for the two-fer :D",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-05T22:52:43.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61353",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T04:12:20.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Nuance of ないようにしないと and a potential relative clause",
"view_count": 532
}
|
[
{
"body": "ようにする means \"to try to ～\", \"to behave in a ～ manner\", \"to lay out a situation\nso that ～\" etc. For example, 会う is simply \"to meet\", but 会うようにする indirectly\nrefers to some action/effort/thoughts that eventually leads to the result of\n会う (e.g., making an appointment).\n\n * 迷惑をかける \nto bother/trouble\n\n * 迷惑をかけるようにする \nto try to bother; to behave in a troublesome manner\n\n * 迷惑をかけないようにする \nto try not to bother; to behave in a trouble-less manner \n(or \"to avoid doing anything that may end up bothering them\")\n\n * 迷惑をかけないようにしないと。 \nI must try not to bother them.\n\nお願いをする modifies あの子たち, but せめて (\"at least, ...\") adverbially modifies\n迷惑をかけないようにしないと. If I could put a comma in this sentence, I would place it\nright after せめて.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T03:59:48.823",
"id": "61356",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T04:12:20.077",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-06T04:12:20.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61353",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61353
|
61356
|
61356
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61357",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "1. 私には あなただけ がいます。\n\n 2. 私には あなただけ います。\n\nHello, can anyone tell me if there is any difference in meaning for the above\nsentences? Which one is more natural?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T02:30:34.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61355",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T04:33:26.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference : がいます or います",
"view_count": 310
}
|
[
{
"body": "In most the cases,\n\n> 私には あなただけ がいます。\n\nwould be used. It is the more natural one. The second one would be slightly\ngrammatically incorrect.\n\nThe rough definition of both would be \"you are the only one to me\".\n\nI hope this helps, and please tell me if you would need any clarification!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T04:33:26.617",
"id": "61357",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T04:33:26.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30135",
"parent_id": "61355",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61355
|
61357
|
61357
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61361",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 嘘をつけ。本物のブロンドはもっとナチュラルだし、そんな不自然な金色にはならん。\n\nthat's a lie, real blonde (hair) is more natural, THAT kind of of golden (hair\ncolour) totally cannot be (real)?\n\n...にはならん = not 本物/ナチュラル at all? The golden hair colour is what it is, so it\nwould be hard to negate that directly.\n\n* * *\n\nOn a side note, is there any difference between the literal にならない - aka the\nnegative of になる、 and the negation usage of にならない (話にならない, 洒落にならな.. 問題にならない ,\netc)\n\nI guess random sentence could be used for the literal meaning.\n\n「パパみたいにならないでね」という母親のグチが子どもをダメにする\n\nIs there any perceived difference? Don't become like your dad vs You're not\nlike your dad at all(doubt this is the case)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T06:32:37.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61360",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-17T07:23:04.973",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-17T07:23:04.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"negation"
],
"title": "unclear target of negation of にならない",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think this is an example of misuse of になる／にならない that is commonly used by\n(mostly) young people working in convenience stores and family restaurants\n(according to NHK's link below). The correct word should be です／ではない（じゃない）. So\nif we are to correct the sentence in question, it would become:\n\n> 本物のブロンドはもっとナチュラルだし、そんな不自然な金色 **じゃない** 。\n\nIn other words, the speaker is saying, \"that kind of unnatural golden hair is\nnot natural blonde at all.\" Please see\n[「～になります」](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/term/074.html)？ by NHK\nBroadcasting Culture Research Institute for details.\n\nAccording to this link, although the verb なる has so many meanings, if a に is\nused it means either of the following:\n\n 1. The result of a change or transition appears. Examples:\n\n> 大人になる。冬になる。中止になる。合計すると二千円になる。\n\n 2. Fulfills a certain role as a result. Examples:\n\n> 番組制作の参考になる。励みになる。\n\nGoing back to the original sentence, 「本物のブロンドはもっとナチュラルだし、そんな不自然な金色」 is not a\nresult of some kind of change or transition, nor does it fulfill a certain\nrole. Therefore, にならない should have been じゃない in this case.\n\nNote: If for example the speaker is saying that the second person dyed his or\nher hair blonde, then in this situation にならない could be used. Example:\n\n> 髪染めを使ったんだろう？本物のブロンドはそんな不自然な金色にはならない",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T07:00:49.883",
"id": "61361",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T07:11:37.070",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-06T07:11:37.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "30554",
"owner_user_id": "30554",
"parent_id": "61360",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61360
|
61361
|
61361
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wrote ブラジルの国立博物館の火事のことを聞いて、とても悲しいと思います\n\nA Japanese person changed it to とても悲しいです\n\nIt seems that 悲しいと思います has a nuance not suitable here, but they didn't tell me\nwhy. Can someone explain it to me? Thank you.\n\nEdit: And can I assume that other expressions of feelings, like 嬉しい, 怒っている and\n驚いた, shouldn't be followed by と思う, either, otherwise it will convey a\ndifferent nuance?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T07:06:06.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61363",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T16:05:56.467",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-06T07:21:04.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "13976",
"owner_user_id": "13976",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the nuance of \"悲しいと思います\"?",
"view_count": 198
}
|
[
{
"body": "In English, we tend to use the expression \"I think\" even in cases like this,\nin which the sadness of the situation is not up for question, when we are\ntrying to soften the sentence and seek confirmation from others - whereas in\nJapanese, the \"equivalent\" と思う seems to be used more so when expressing an\nopinion or intention. If I were trying to achieve what I assume to be your\nintended meaning ( _you thinking the situation is sad_ ), I would do the same\nas the person who changed your sentence - and then add a ね to express\nconfirmation: 「とても悲しいですね。」\n\nAs for the other expressions in your edit, the same difference holds, but that\ndoesn't mean that you can never add と思う to an expression of feeling. A good\nexample of this is when stating how you perceive others' emotions. Let's say\nyou broke a house rule: （母が）怒っていると思います。 \"I think (my mom is) angry.\" I would\njust watch out for objective facts/observations and stick with a です・だ + ね.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T09:01:26.360",
"id": "61364",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T16:05:56.467",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-06T16:05:56.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "30497",
"owner_user_id": "30497",
"parent_id": "61363",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61363
| null |
61364
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61369",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the song イドラサーカス sung by 鏡音{かがみね}リン, there is the line,\n「青{あお}い空{そら}が汚{よご}れて見{み}えますか？」I translated it using て as the present\ncontinuous. \"Can you see the blue sky becoming dirty?\" Is my translation right\nand, if so, why would you say 見{み}えます? Wouldn't you conjugate 見{み}ます using ます\nform?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T15:26:59.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61367",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T16:30:29.387",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-06T16:01:05.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "29804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"て-form",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Why would you use 見えます instead of 見ます?",
"view_count": 279
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're confusing [見る](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%8B) (to see)\nwith [見える](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B) (able to see\n/ to be seen). Similarly there is 聞く (to hear) and 聞こえる (to be able to hear /\nto be heard).\n\nI have a hard time describing the differences, but luckily there [is another\nanswer here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5287/what-is-the-\ndifference-\nbetween-%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B-%E3%81%BF%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B-%E8%81%9E%E3%81%93%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B-%E3%81%8D%E3%81%93%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B-and-%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-%E3%81%BF%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-%E8%81%9E%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B-%E3%81%8D%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T15:54:02.620",
"id": "61368",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T15:54:02.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31148",
"parent_id": "61367",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The verb you are seeing is\n[見える](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B), which means either\n\"to be visible\" or \"to seem/appear/look\". `te-form + 見える` usually means the\nlatter, \"to appear to (have) ～\" or \"to appear as if ～\".\n\n> * 彼が若返って見える。 \n> He looks as if he has gotten younger.\n> * まるで時間が止まって見える。 \n> It appears as if the time stopped.\n> * 青い空が汚れて見えますか？ \n> Does the blue sky appear to be dirty (to you)?\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T16:09:58.500",
"id": "61369",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T16:30:29.387",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-06T16:30:29.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61367",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
61367
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61369
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61369
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61668",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I recently read that sentence :\n\n> 毎日{まいにち}、ねる前{まえ}に、おふろに入{はい}るといいですよ。つかれがとれます **から** 。\n\nI know から roughly means \"because\" or \"from\" and I carefully read [this\nthread](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/58773/why-do-i-\nhear-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-masukara-so-often-at-the-end-of-\nsentences) about some of its usages.\n\nHowever, I'm not sure if those usages apply to this particular sentence.\n\nI'd translate it to :\n\n> Every day, before you go to bed, you could have a bath. Your tiredness would\n> disappear.\n\nOr maybe it's more like :\n\n> Take a bath every day before you go to bed, because if you do so, your\n> tiredness will go away.\n\nWhat is the purpose of から here? How can I apply the basic pattern **[Sentence\n1] から、[Sentence 2]** pattern to that sentence ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T17:19:00.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61370",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-09-07T10:57:06.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "30812",
"owner_user_id": "30812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Clarifying the purpose of から at the end of that sentence",
"view_count": 210
}
|
[
{
"body": "The から in this case is used to introduce a reason/cause as to why it is good\nto take a bath before going to bed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T18:16:52.330",
"id": "61374",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T18:16:52.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "As stated by G-Cam in the comments, `から` can also be used to denote a\n**reason** , a **purpose** for doing something. It has a wider meaning that\njust \"because\" in English.\n\n> _It is used more widely than \"because\" in English […]. Your second\n> translation preserves the \"reason\" implied [by から]._ **G-Cam**\n\nThe sentence could then be translated as:\n\n> Take a bath every day before you go to bed **in order for** your tiredness\n> to go away.\n\nAdded at the end of a sentence (that one in particular) helps clarify **why**\nyou should do what you were told before.\n\nIn Japanese, many kinds of sentence ending particles are used and often allow\nthe speaker to make the tone of the sentence softer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T11:32:47.043",
"id": "61668",
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"score": 1
}
] |
61370
|
61668
|
61374
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61373",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When I typed \"spicy natto\" on Google Translate, I got this:\n\n> スパイシーな納豆\n\nHere are two things that confused me:\n\n1) why do we need な? \n2) why not use 辛い?\n\nDoes anyone know?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T17:51:34.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61371",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-12-09T16:22:22.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "29736",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"loanwords",
"food"
],
"title": "How do you describe something \"spicy\"?",
"view_count": 3939
}
|
[
{
"body": "Usually when 外来語 are used as adjectives, you should use な and use them just\nlike you use Japanese adjectives. The only exception is when the whole phrase\nis a brand name or something, you can just useスパイシー納豆.\n\nNow as to why Google chose スパイシー over からい, well there is a slight difference\nbetween the two. からい has more a nuance of something that burns the tongue and\nスパイシー is more about the taste to me, but this might differ from people.\n\nAnd to be honest I don't think Google translate is that accurate so it\nprobably chose スパイシー because it's easier...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T18:06:36.747",
"id": "61373",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T18:06:36.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29939",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "[grammar](/questions/tagged/grammar \"show questions tagged 'grammar'\")[word-\nchoice](/questions/tagged/word-choice \"show questions tagged 'word-\nchoice'\")[syntax](/questions/tagged/syntax \"show questions tagged\n'syntax'\")[meaning](/questions/tagged/meaning \"show questions tagged\n'meaning'\") \n1) Why な is used after スパイシー \n \nwhen Japanese language imports a word from a foreign language, it almost\nalways receives and encapsulates it as a noun regardless what the word's\noriginal function was in its source language. From there, the native speakers\nwill attach ～な to use it as if it were an adjective. \nThis happens because, in Japanese speakers's mind, the meaning associated with\nthe foreign word is registered as a concept, devoid of the original word's\ngrammatical role, since the person doesn't speak its language. In fact, you\nare feeling strange to see this usage of attaching ～な after スパイシー probably\nbecause you're an native English speaker and in your mind 'spicy' is already\nregistered as an adjective. But, in Japanese speaker who only takes the\nimpression of this word \"spicy\" as to what kind of concept the word is about,\ndevoid of its syntactical role in original language, perceives it as\n\"spiciness\" rather than 「spicy~ (some-noun-following)」. Therefore, to use this\nnewly imported concept 'spiciness'-- a noun-like-word in his/her mind -- as an\nadjective, he/she should feel natural to add ～な after it to give it a role as\nan adjective. \n\n2) Google translation is useful as mere a reference or a tool to find out what\nthe word's rough meaning is; but, definitely not dependable as replacement of\nJapanese to English dictionary. It does better as English to Japanese\ntranslation tool, though. Also, it's true that there is difference in nuance\nbetween スパイシー and 辛い, but I suspect that this is just Google translation's\nshort coming that is causing you the confusion, unless the spice used to make\n納豆 taste spicy is originating from western cooking; which, even if so, Google\ntranslation has no way to detect from just two words!\n\n```\n\n Google:\n spicy -> スパイシー\n 辛い -> spicy\n Japandict:\n spicy -> スパイシー\n 辛い -> spicy\n \n dictionary services on Japan side\n 英和郎:\n spicy -> taste of spice\n 辛い -> hot as pepper\n Weblio:\n spicy -> taste of spice\n 辛い -> pungent, hot, acrid, spicy as in the case with curry\n goo:\n spicy -> taste of spice\n 辛い -> hot as if stinging the tongue, taste of spice, peppery\n \n Also,\n 「辛いラーメン」 but not 「スパイシーラーメン」 \n \n \n```\n\nTo Japanese locals, or those who have been eating Japanese food or other\ncousins' other than just e.g. American food, 辛い is a differing taste from\nspicy taste, but to those who have not, calling all such tastes as just\n\"spicy\" wouldn't seem to be a problem.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T19:02:05.063",
"id": "61376",
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"score": 7
}
] |
61371
|
61373
|
61376
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61377",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can one differentiate a cause from a succession in a sentence using **～くて\n/ で** ?\n\nIn my book, these sentences are given as examples of successions of terms :\n\n> **1-** この店{みせ}は安{やす}くて，べんりです。\n>\n> **2-** ここは新{あたら}しい町{まち}で、人気{にんき}があります。\n\nThose are given as examples of causes :\n\n> **3-** このレモン ジュースはつめたくて、とてもおいしいです。\n>\n> **4-** ストレスであまりねられません。\n\nHow do I know if I have to translate with an \" **and** \" or a \" **therefore**\n\"? It may be obvious for some sentences as the last one or even the first one,\nbut what about the other two?\n\nAm I missing something? A grammatical point?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T18:03:32.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61372",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-15T07:46:00.303",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Differentiate a cause from a succession of terms in a sentence using ～くて / で",
"view_count": 231
}
|
[
{
"body": "How do you know in English? The degree to which `て/で` represent causality\nversus things being simply sequential is ambiguous in nearly the same way that\n`and` is ambiguous in the same role in English.\n\nConsider sentences like\n\n> The door was locked and I couldn't open it.\n>\n> I ate too much for lunch and skipped dinner.\n>\n> I brushed my teeth and left for work.\n\nWhich range from obviously causal to obviously just sequential. (Assuming\nEnglish is your native language) these may look much easier to interpret, but\nthey're really no different from:\n\n> ドアの鍵がかかっていて開けられなかった。\n>\n> 昼に食べすぎて晩ごはんを抜いた。\n>\n> 歯を磨いて仕事に出かけた。\n\nThis is just to say that you are not really missing anything - you just need\nto be willing to apply the same skills you use in English every day to\nsentences in Japanese.\n\nThat said, cases where Japanese speakers want to be explicit about causality\nthey will typically use `から/ので` in the same way English speakers will use\n`because` or `so`, so it's safe in many cases to translate `て/で` as `and`. It\njust may sometimes be a fairly causal `and`.\n\nEdit: also see [て used as\n\"because\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41007/%E3%81%A6-used-\nas-because)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T19:13:57.647",
"id": "61377",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "61372",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
61372
|
61377
|
61377
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61378",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm writing a birthday card and got stuck figuring out how to sign it. I want\nto sign as \"Older brother Misha\", but I'm not sure if it should be ミシャ兄さん or\nミシャ兄さんより. I'm also not sure if writing ミシャ兄さん is correct, but I want\nspecifically sign by name and as an older brother (if doing it is not\ncompletely weird).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T18:53:35.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61375",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-06T20:04:25.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31184",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Signing a birthday card",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think this is mainly a matter of taste. But in my opinion I don't think\npeople would normally write ミシャ兄さん. If you are going to use 兄さん, I feel like\nit is better to use より instead of nothing. You can also just write your name\nwithout anything following it (ミシャ). The only difference is that it feels more\ncasual.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T20:04:25.673",
"id": "61378",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29939",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61375
|
61378
|
61378
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61380",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading an article about Idlib and the groups that were there on\nWikipedia, and hovered to the language setting to gloss at the title\ntranslations. For Japanese, I saw something unusual in its format. For\nexample, the rendering of the name of one of those groups is\n「タハリール・アル＝シャーム」instead of the usual 「タハリール・アル・シャーム」. I also saw this in manga\ncharacter names such as「キルシュ＝ワイミー」. Is using the equals sign in place of\nnakaguro common and is it acceptable? If so, is it solely at the author's\ndiscretion?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-06T23:28:40.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61379",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-07T05:35:57.200",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-07T05:35:57.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "17571",
"owner_user_id": "20044",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"orthography"
],
"title": "Why are equal signs used to substitute an English hyphen?",
"view_count": 629
}
|
[
{
"body": "Technically speaking, this character should be `゠` (U+30A0 KATAKANA-HIRAGANA\nDOUBLE HYPHEN), not `＝` (U+FF1D FULLWIDTH EQUALS SIGN), and is indeed used to\navoid confusion with 長音符: `ー` (U+30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK).\n\nFrom the [Double hyphen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_hyphen)\nWikipedia page:\n\n> In Japanese, the double hyphen (ダブルハイフン _daburu haifun_ ) in rare cases\n> replaces an English en dash or hyphen when writing foreign words in katakana\n> due to their potential confusion with the prolonged sound mark (ー). It may\n> be used to separate a person's given and family names, such as transcribing\n> the name of Galileo Galilei as: ガリレオ＝ガリレイ. The middle dot (・) is however\n> much more commonly used for these purposes. (For foreign names that include\n> both spaces and hyphens, both the middle dot and double hyphen may appear\n> together as in Catherine Zeta-Jones: キャサリン・ゼタ゠ジョーンズ.) The double hyphen is\n> part of the JIS X 0213 standard, but is not included in more commonly used\n> character encodings, such as Shift-JIS and EUC-JP. For this reason, the\n> equals sign is frequently used in its place.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-07T04:54:00.170",
"id": "61380",
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"parent_id": "61379",
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"score": 11
}
] |
61379
|
61380
|
61380
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A lot of things have Japanese words in more than two versions to call them. I\ncan appreciate there are often many ways to call the same thing in any\nparticular language.\n\nNevertheless, I'm somewhat perplexed by the difference in usage between\nJapanese words derived from foreign words and those of kanji for the same\nthings?\n\nWith the first example below, it is straightforward to me. ホテル is\naccommodation of western style while 旅館 is accommodation of Japanese style.\nThe same applies to the second example I suppose, the western lunch and\nJapanese or even Asian lunch respectively. If I'm wrong, please point out.\nHowever the rest are not clear to me.\n\nWhen to use which?\n\nWould someone care to comment!\n\nExamples:\n\n * ホテル - 旅館\n\n * ランチ - 昼ご飯\n\n * ミーティング - 会議\n\n * ショッピング - 買物\n\n * デスク - 机\n\n * カフェ - 喫茶店\n\n * クラス - 授業\n\n * テスト - 試験\n\n * ストリート - 街路, 通り, 道路\n\n * テクニック - 技術",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-07T05:14:11.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61381",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-14T10:15:03.850",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-12T01:51:08.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31193",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "When to use words derived from foreign words or the native words for the same things?",
"view_count": 263
}
|
[
{
"body": "You don't really use ランチ and ショッピング beside specific goods labled so or\ncomponent of specific words like ショッピングカート.\n\nミーティング mainly means briefing while 会議 is, as the preceding answer said, larger\none with interactive oppinions that discusses over some agenda and tries to\ndecide something.\n\nYou don't use デスク except specific goods labed so, beside, it can be a title\nfor vice chief of editors in some publishers.\n\nDifference between カフェ and 喫茶店 seems that of licenses permited by\nadministration. I don't know for details.\n\nクラス is 学級, i.e. a unit of organisation that students belong to.\n\nテスト is just synonymous to 試験.\n\nYou don't use ストリート except for categories in skateboard or apparel, or\ncomponent of specific words like street-basketball.\n\nテクニック means individual's skill, while 技術 is a generic word that includes the\nformer, technic, technology or art（技法）. (Incidentally, アート means creation of\naesthetic products.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T09:36:50.323",
"id": "61461",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T09:36:50.323",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "61381",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "You have to consult the dictionary for each word, because the meaning may not\nbe exactly the same. Specially you should consult, if possible, a Japanese-\nJapanese dictionary, so you can see the exact meaning and not an approximate\ntranslation.\n\nFor example a restaurant could serve お子様ランチ even when the meal is served at\nnight.\n\n「ランチ」と呼ばれているが、ランチタイム以外でも注文できる店がほとんどである。\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/お子様ランチ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8A%E5%AD%90%E6%A7%98%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T02:39:58.160",
"id": "61688",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-14T10:15:03.850",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-14T10:15:03.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "30123",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61381",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61381
| null |
61461
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61391",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "About the sentence\n\n> 北海道では雪が降っています。\n\nDoes it mean:\n\n 1. It is snowing in Hokkaido, or\n 2. It is still going to be snowing in Hokkaido?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-07T12:15:17.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61386",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-07T22:35:51.643",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-07T13:34:20.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "31199",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "A sentence's meaning",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "Only 1 is a correct translation.\n\nI can't speak to the Chinese sentence at all, but translation 2 sounds like a\nslightly unnatural translation of:\n\n> 北海道では雪が降っていく。\n\nWhich means \"In Hokkaido the snow will continue.\" (The ていく construction\nindicates that the action is occurring now and is expected to continue into\nthe future.)\n\nNote that the presence of the は particle gives the sentence a contrastive\nfeel, like you've just said or are about to say that it's not snowing in\nTōhoku, for example.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-07T22:35:51.643",
"id": "61391",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-07T22:35:51.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "61386",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61386
|
61391
|
61391
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61389",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've wondered this for a while now but never thought to ask it until now. With\nregards to the い sound in Japanese, I understand that it's pronounced like a\nsort of shorter version of the e sound in \"eat\" or \"free\". Despite this, in\nwords where there's an い sound somewhere in the word, and then another at the\nend, I pronounce the first like the i sound in \"pit\", and then the following\nas previously mentioned.\n\nTo give an example, I pronounce しち as \"shih-chee\", rather than \"shee-chee\",\nand something like き as just \"kee\". I don't know anything about phonetic\nsymbols unfortunately, so this is as close as I can get it.\n\nMy question is, is this normal, or should I be pronouncing the sound more\nconsistently with the \"ea\" or \"ee\" sound in English?\n\nEdit: After posting this I kept thinking of discrepancies in my pronunciation\nof the sound, like not being decided on how to pronounce words like 気分 (either\n\"kee-bun\" or \"ki-bun\" ), how I'd pronounce elongated い sounds as the \"ee\"\nsound, regardless of where it is in the word, or how I pronounce 人 as \"hee-\ntoh\", despite the sound not being at the end.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-07T19:36:09.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61388",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-08T00:26:00.973",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-08T00:26:00.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "31202",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"vowels"
],
"title": "い Pronunciations",
"view_count": 320
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can't rely on your native language's sound inventory when you're learning\nanother language. One of the difficult parts of learning a new language is\nlearning which production targets and which automatic alterations of sounds\ndon't carry over from your native language. When you're learning Japanese,\nyou're best off doing everything you can to forget how you're used to making\nsounds in English, and learn how Japanese does them from the ground up.\n\n[i], the sound you're referring to as 'ee', is the only one of these two\nsounds that Japanese uses. Most dialects of English actually pronounce this\nsomewhat differently from how Japanese does - mine, for example, has it change\nsomewhat over the course of its pronunciation in a way Japanese doesn't. Some\nconservative varieties of English (I think a lot of Scotland, I know Glasgow\ndoes it this way) have something closer to Japanese's [i] - it remains uniform\nthe whole way through.\n\n[ɪ], the sound in English 'pit', doesn't occur anywhere in Japanese, and\nJapanese speakers have a very hard time learning to say it (many or most never\ndo). You shouldn't use [ɪ] at all in Japanese.\n\nSome Japanese words have [i̥], which is the same as [i] but almost 'whispered'\n- your vocal cords aren't doing anything during the vowel. [i̥] happens mostly\nbetween other sounds like /p t k s/ where your vocal cords aren't doing\nanything. To an English speaker's ears, it might sound a bit like [ɪ], but it\nlikely sounds more like the total absence of a vowel.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-07T20:03:27.967",
"id": "61389",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-07T20:03:27.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "61388",
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"score": 5
}
] |
61388
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61389
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61389
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61393",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> まず鬼の『自分のすぐ近くに誰かが隠れているはずがない』\n>\n> という先入観を利用し、鬼は無意識にひまりを視界の中 **に納めはしても** 、それ以上の索敵はしなくなる\n\na discussion on hide and seek strategy; hiding close to where the the seeker\nis counting, which is what himari is doing. speaker is an observer, neither\nhimari or the seeker\n\n> (after the seeker opens their eyes when the countdown ends), at first they'd\n> think \"there can't be anyone> hiding close to me\"\n>\n> The seeker has this preconception and even though, unconsciously, within\n> their field of view, the seeker does ____ to himari, beyond that the seeker\n> will stop searching for (himari) (to look for the other \"hiders\").\n\ni can't figure out what 納めはして is suppose to be as \"____\"\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-08T05:41:03.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61392",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-08T06:58:27.060",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "use of \"納めはしても\" in this statement",
"view_count": 79
}
|
[
{
"body": "(AをBに)[おさめる](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%8F%8E%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B) has multiple\nmeanings, but in this case it just means \"to put A into B\". 視界におさめる is a [set\nphrase](http://yourei.jp/%E8%A6%96%E7%95%8C%E3%81%AB%E5%8F%8E%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B).\n(As for kanji, I think 視界に収める is more common.)\n\nSo ひまりを視界の中におさめる means \"to put Himari in the seeker's field of view\" or \"to\nhave Himari in the seeker's sight\". This usually means looking at her\nintentionally, but in this case it clearly means seeing her without noticing\nher.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-08T06:58:27.060",
"id": "61393",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61392",
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"score": 2
}
] |
61392
|
61393
|
61393
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61415",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between:\n\n> a) 町全体 \n> b) 町の全体 \n> c) 全体の町\n\nThe intended meaning is \"The whole town\".\n\nHow do I decide which is the correct way to use 全体? I'm guessing there are\nother words for which the same principles will apply.\n\nP.S. 町 might be a bad choice of noun because I think 町全体 is a word by itself.\nIf so, please replace with another noun.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-08T09:29:32.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61394",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to use 全体 correctly",
"view_count": 341
}
|
[
{
"body": "a and b are the same meaning. Howevre I think a is a little bit more common. c\nis unnatural.\n\n全体 modyfies a noun before 全体 as a meaning of \"whole\". It isn't used such as\n全体の家がお菓子で出来ている but 家全体がお菓子で出来ている(The whole house is made of sweets).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T17:17:42.617",
"id": "61415",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-09-09T17:46:14.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
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"parent_id": "61394",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61394
|
61415
|
61415
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to translate 'I am a third year junior high school student and I am\nstudying maths. Is this correct:\n\n私は中学三年生で、すうがくを勉強します。\n\nPlease give me a correction if this is incorrect. Thanks in advance!!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-08T17:07:04.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61397",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-08T19:36:38.153",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30228",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can I link a sentence ending in です with a ます sentence?",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, you can join two or more sentences using the te-form regardless of\nwhether they end with ます or です.\n\nYour attempt is grammatically perfectly correct, but is semantically a little\nweird because すうがくを勉強します would sound like \"I ( _will_ ) study math\". To say \"I\n_am studying_ math,\" you have to use the [progressive\nform](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/present-progressive-tense-\nresultant-states-with-te-form/).\n\n> 私は中学三年生で、数学【すうがく】を勉強しています。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-08T19:36:38.153",
"id": "61399",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61397",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
61397
| null |
61399
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61412",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "とは思うのだが、口に出すわけにもいかんか。My personal translations would be these: Those are my\nthoughts on that (previous statement), so I might as well say it out loud.\n\nand\n\n出動後はそうはいかんぞ。。。 \"but after they move out, how it goes...\"\n\nI'm not sure how \"いかん\" works. Dictionnary says it means: how, in what way. Or\nis it an abbreviation of \"いかない\", or even \"いけない\" or something else?\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-08T19:34:12.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61398",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-09T16:12:05.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31206",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use of \"いかん\" in the following sentences",
"view_count": 468
}
|
[
{
"body": "いかん is basically an alternative form of いかない and いけない (used in some dialects\nespecially in the 関西).\n\nわけにもいかん comes from the grammar わけにはいかない, and it means something like \"(I)\ncannot afford to... either\".\n\n> とは思うのだが、口に出すわけにもいかんか。: I think so, but can't (I) afford to even say it out\n> loud?\n\nIn the second sentence however, it would mean いけない (which means something like\n良くない).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T16:12:05.013",
"id": "61412",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "61398",
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"score": 4
}
] |
61398
|
61412
|
61412
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If 五日 is a date and 五日間 refers to a span of 5 days, shouldn't one say 五日間前？ As\nanother example I found, 「三日以内に書類を提出してください」Wouldn't this mean \"within the\nthird\", which doesn't make sense. Should it not be 三日間以内?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-08T20:28:43.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61400",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-09T07:00:13.983",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Why is 五日前 correct but 五日間前 not?",
"view_count": 479
}
|
[
{
"body": "The reason that 三日間以内 or 五日間前 do not work is that it is essentially repeating\nthe same thing.\n\n間 means the 'interval' or 'timeframe'. 以内 means 'within', which is very\nsimilar. If you use both, it doubles the meaning and makes it extremely\nconfusing.\n\nIn the case of 五日前, it translates to '5 days before', which is what we want,\ninstead of 五日間前 translating to '5 days interval before'.\n\nOn the other hand, 三日以内 is 'Within 3 days', instead of 三日間以内 which changes to\n'Within the period of 3 days'.\n\nIn both examples, the second would technically work, but it overloads the\nsentence and unnecessarily complicate it.\n\nI hope this helps. Please notify me if you would need more of an explanation,\nor if I can clarify anything!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T03:49:32.180",
"id": "61404",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-09T06:38:33.257",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-09T06:38:33.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "30135",
"owner_user_id": "30135",
"parent_id": "61400",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61400
| null |
61404
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61414",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I don't really understand the difference between た／ている／plain form + とき.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-08T22:09:24.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61401",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-31T19:06:04.160",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-31T19:06:04.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31006",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"time"
],
"title": "Difference between た／ている／plain form + とき",
"view_count": 405
}
|
[
{
"body": "The only differences between these three are the tense of the verb. Attaching\n〜時{とき} holds the same function in all three cases.\n\n 1. 〜た：past tense \n * 行ったとき。。。When (I) went...\n * 勉強したとき。。。When (I) studied...\n 2. 〜ている： present progressive (continuous) tense \n * 行っているとき、。。。When (I) am going...\n * 勉強しているとき。。。When (I) am studying...\n 3. plain form： \n * 行くとき、。。。When (I) go...\n * 勉強するとき。。。When (I) study...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T17:13:44.617",
"id": "61414",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "TL;DR: In AときB, the tense of A determines the relative order to B. The tense\nof B determines the tense of the entire sentence.\n\nThe full nuances of とき are actually pretty complicated. To native English\nspeakers, when A and B agree in tense, it's pretty simple, so I'll give\nexamples where the tenses are different.\n\nIf A is in the past tense, then B happens after A has already happened.\n\n1) 日本に行ったとき、姫路城を見に行く。\n\nYou can't use 「行くとき」because you go to see Himeji castle AFTER going to Japan.\n\nIf A is in the present progressive tense, then B's happening is entirely\ncontained within the timeframe of A. In the previous example, you could have\nused 行っているとき because that describes the state of having gone and _staying_ in\nJapan rather than the action of going. A less counter-intuitive example:\n\n2) ゲームをしているとき、友達が電話した。 My friend called me _while_ I was playing videogames.\n\nNow here's the tricky part. When A is in the plain form (present tense), there\nare two possibilities.\n\nPossibility #1: If A is in the plain form (present tense), then B happens when\nA is yet to happen. That is, B happens first.\n\n3) 出かけるとき、ペットのケージにかぎをかけた。\n\nIn this example, you locked your pet's cage prior to going out. If you said\n「出かけたとき」as you might be tempted to say, then this sentence would mean that you\nlocked your pet's cage AFTER leaving, which isn't humanly possible.\n\nPossibility #2: B could also be concurrent with A. When the sentence in\nquestion falls under this possibility, it's usually because A is an adjective\nor noun. However, this can happen when A is a verbal phrase in the present as\nwell.\n\n4) レポートを書くとき、鉛筆を使った。\n\nThis means you used a pencil as you wrote your report. In this example, you\nare referring to a _specific_ time. Maybe you usually use pens instead of\npencils.\n\nMore intuitive examples of the concurrent case using nouns/adjectives:\n\n5) 寂しいとき、泣きます。\n\n6) 病気の時、父が病院に連れて行ってくれた。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-20T20:12:30.697",
"id": "76706",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
] |
61401
|
61414
|
76706
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61403",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both of these terms are found in the same `職務経歴書`.\n\nAfter attempting to translate the terms used in an\n[example](http://www.victorayechan.com/2014/08/20/the-japanese-resume-\nshokumukeirekisho/), I've come to the following hypothesis:\n\n`業務タイトル` - Department in a company\n\n`役割` - One's specific position\n\nIn English resumes, we usually refer to one's position as a `[Job] Title,\nPosition, Role`. Thus, the use of `タイトル` has caused me some confusion.\n\n**Is my conclusion correct**?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T02:40:15.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61402",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-09T03:18:18.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"nouns",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 役割 & 業務タイトル?",
"view_count": 77
}
|
[
{
"body": "After reviewing the provided example one more time,\n\n`業務タイトル` - Project Title\n\nOne definition of `業務` is `task`, a synonym for `project` or `assignment`.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T03:18:18.957",
"id": "61403",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-09T03:18:18.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "26635",
"parent_id": "61402",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61402
|
61403
|
61403
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61411",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I often have heard my japanese colleagues a double て used. example, kuruma\nnottete, ushiro mitete, genba ittete.\n\nwhat i know is single te is command but what does double te mean? does it make\nmore stress or what?\n\nyoroshiku onegai itashimasu",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T10:04:33.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61405",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-09T14:26:44.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "double て verb. please help",
"view_count": 4666
}
|
[
{
"body": "The second て form is the て form of the verb that is used after the first one\nwhich is いる in this case.\n\n> 見てて → 見ていて\n\nAs for the meaning, there is a slight nuance but if you know the difference\nbetween the る and ている form, there should be no problem. It would be like\nsaying in English:\n\n> 後ろ見て : I looked back (and...)\n>\n> 後ろ見てて : I was looking back (and...)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T14:26:44.553",
"id": "61411",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "61405",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61405
|
61411
|
61411
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I cannot help but think about the verb なる when I hear or read the expression\n~てならない.\n\nAre the verb and the expression even related?\n\nIt feels to me as if it could be the modern shortened version of an older\nexpression that would look like ~て何々かにならない. \nIs it the case, and what would that 何何 be?\n\nWhat is the origin of the expression ~てならない ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T12:36:23.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61409",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-14T05:51:52.127",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-14T05:51:52.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "1319",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Origin of expression ~てならない?",
"view_count": 196
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm also struggling to understand ～てならない. It _is_ related to なる（成る）- to\nbecome.\n\nThe [大辞林\ndefinitions](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-590022)\ngive a little bit of insight:\n\n> ① （「…てはならない」の形で）禁止の意を表す。\n>\n> ④ （「…てならない」の形で）そのことを禁じえないという意を表す。\n\n * ～てはならない ~ is forbidden/inhibited\n * ～てならない ~ can't be forbidden/inhibited. I.e. さびしくてならない \"Can't forbid/inhibit sadness.\" or more naturally \"Can't help but feel sad.\"\n\nI still feel like something is missing grammatically though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-13T21:59:12.760",
"id": "62176",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-13T21:59:12.760",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31576",
"parent_id": "61409",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> I cannot help but think about the verb なる when I hear or read the expression\n> ~てならない.\n>\n> Are the verb and the expression even related?\n\nThe expressions are related: the ならない in ～て・ならない is simply the negative form\nof なる.\n\nHowever, it's worth noting that なる means **more** than just \"to become\": the\nunderlying meaning is more like \"to come into being\". If I've understood\ncorrectly, current linguistic studies by Bjarke Frellesvig suggests that なる is\nrelated to an ancient copula (like English \"is, to be\") starting with _n-_.\n\nPutting this together, another way of looking at this expression is\n`[VERB]`て・ならない → \"`[VERB]` and it won't be\" → or more idiomatically as\nEnglish: \"(if / when) `[VERB]` happens, it won't do\". The \"it\" here is the\ngeneric \"it\", like the \"it\" in \"it's raining\", or when you ask someone \"how's\nit going\".\n\n何【なに】かし **て（は）ならない** works out to \"do **ing** something **won't do** \", and\nis an expression of prohibition: \"you **mustn't** or **shouldn't do**\nsomething\".\n\n淋【さび】しく **て（は）ならない** works out to \"(so) sad that it **won't do** \" → \"\n**too** sad (to go on, to continue with something, etc.)\".\n\nIf the part before the ならない is itself in the negative, as in 何【なに】かし\n**なくて（は）ならない** , it works out to \" **not** doing something **won't do** \" →\n\"you **must** or **should** do something\".\n\n> What is the origin of the expression ~てならない ?\n\nIn a nutshell, this is ancient, and possibly older than Japanese itself.\n\nI've read that this kind of construction for \"must\" or \"should\", using a\nnegative conjunction and a negative form of the verb for \"to become / to come\ninto being\", is shared by other languages in the region. That said, I don't\nspeak or read Korean, Mongolian, Manchu, Tungus, ... so I cannot evaluate\nthese claims myself.\n\nIf this construction is common to other languages in the region, that might\ncorroborate the Altaic theory that Japanese is related to specific other\nlanguages, and it would suggest that this construction was inherited into\nJapanese from some earlier ancestor language.\n\nRegardless of language relations, the て・ならない expression just within Japanese\nis very old indeed, appearing in the oldest written records in the Japanese\nlanguage, such as the\n[_Man'yōshū_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB) completed\nsome time around 759: [see examples\nhere](https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Ajti.lib.virginia.edu%2Fjapanese%2Fmanyoshu%2F+%22%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%81%9A%22),\nusing the Old Japanese negative form of the verb, ならず.",
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"creation_date": "2018-10-14T05:29:24.963",
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61409
| null |
62186
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61413",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why can't use も or は in the following sentence:\n\n> 易しい質問に答えられなくて（は・も）、とても恥ずかしかった。\n\nIn the case of ても, I was told it probably has to do with 逆条件.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T14:26:16.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61410",
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"particle-は",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "A question about the usage of ては and ても",
"view_count": 246
}
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[
{
"body": "1. 易しい質問に答えられなく **ては** 、とても恥ずかしかった。 The usage of negative-ては presents a specific case, which must be followed by a judgement/statement of inability. 恥ずかしかった is a personal feeling that has arisen as a result of not knowing the answer, not an objective judgement.\n\n * (Possible negative-ては option: 易しい質問に答えられなくて **は** 、 **だめだ** 。\"Not being able to answer easy questions (as opposed to being able to answer them) is **bad**.\" Replacing だめだ with いけない or ならない holds the same meaning.\n * Another option: 易しい質問に答えられなくて **は** 、 **大丈夫だよ** 。\"Not being able to answer easy questions (as opposed to, e.g., not being able to write by hand) is **okay**.\")\n 2. 易しい質問に答えられなく **ても** 、とても恥ずかしかった。 When using a negative-ても, the clause following must present information that goes against the assumption upon hearing the first clause (as you wrote, we must have a 逆{ぎゃく}条件{じょうけん}, literally \"opposite condition\"). Since one would naturally assume that the subject would be 恥ずかしい because they cannot answer simple questions, the second clause does not satisfy as a 逆条件.\n\n * (Possible negative-ても option: 易しい質問に答えられなくて **も** 、恥ずかしく **なかった** 。 \" **Even when** (the subject) could not answer a simple question, (subject) was **not** embarrassed.\")\n\n「易しい質問に答えられなくて、とても恥ずかしかった。」 Using neither は nor も is the most natural sounding\nfor your meaning here. て connects the two clauses by saying \"(the subject)\ncould not answer simple question, and/so (subject) was embarrassed.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T16:26:12.277",
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"score": 2
}
] |
61410
|
61413
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61413
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61426",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 日本をはじめ世界中の登山家の間で人気が高いアルプス山脈の最高峰モンブランで、... \n> _Where I normally put my translation attempt_\n\nI understand this bit:\n\n> 世界中の登山家の間で人気が高いアルプス山脈の最高峰モンブラン \n> The Alps' highest peak, Mont Blanc, which has high popularity among\n> climbers throughout the world\n\nalthough I'm a little uncomfortable with joining 最高峰 and モンブラン. I feel there\nought to be a という in there somewhere.\n\nBut I can't understand the overall structure of the sentence at all. I think\nit should be of the form Aは/がBだ, but there doesn't seem to be a topic/subject\nto go in the A position.\n\nPerhaps it doesn't help that I have no idea what 日本をはじめ means. Literally \"\n_something_ started Japan and ...\".\n\n**Edit** : maybe A = 日本をはじめ世界中の登山家の間で人気が高いアルプス山脈の最高峰 and B = モンブラン\n\nI guess that would make sense, but is it really okay to miss a particle here?\nAnd even then I still don't understand 日本をはじめ",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T18:38:29.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61416",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-22T16:36:24.410",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-09T18:44:02.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"parsing"
],
"title": "Meaning of 日本をはじめ and the mystery of the missing particle",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "The question seems to assume that the quoted text should form a full sentence,\nbut as the comma at the end suggests, this assumption is flawed. Looking at\nthe [source of the\nquote](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180905/k10011611151000.html), the\nsentence continues:\n\n> 日本をはじめ世界中の登山家の間で人気が高いアルプス山脈の最高峰モンブランで、近年、登山中の死亡事故が増えている\n\n(Actually, the sentence is even longer than that, but we can safely cut it\nhere, as this portion _does_ form a full sentence.)\n\nNow that we have the actual verb, if we strip out all the descriptors, the\nbasic sentence can be simplified down to:\n\n> モンブランで死亡事故が増えている \n> Fatal accidents are on the rise at Mont Blanc.\n\nHopefully it should be clear from this simpler sentence that the で is not a\ncopula form, but the common particle indicating the location of an action.\n\nTo flesh out the sentence back to its full form, everything preceding モンブラン is\na description of Mont Blanc, and the remaining parts are qualifying the verb\nphrase at the end. If we put it all together, we get:\n\n> 日本をはじめ世界中の登山家の間で人気が高いアルプス山脈の最高峰モンブランで、近年、登山中の死亡事故が増えている \n> In recent years, fatal accidents during climbing are on the rise at Mont\n> Blanc, the highest peak in the Alps, which is popular with climbers from\n> around the world including Japan.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T08:51:33.743",
"id": "61426",
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"score": 7
},
{
"body": "It seems that\n\n> noun + をはじめ\n\nis a shortened form of\n\n> noun + をはじめとして\n\nso literally means \"making _noun_ the starting point\" and less literally means\n\"for example...\", \"starting with...\" etc.\n\nThanks to @Chewie for the comment and link, which I thought I should summarise\nhere for completeness.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T19:37:33.093",
"id": "61430",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-10T19:37:33.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 1
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{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar\", page 320: \n\"をはじめ（として）:a phrase that is used to give a primary example.\"\n\nIt can be translated to \"starting with\".\n\nExamples: \n父をはじめ(として)家族全員スポーツが好きだ。 \nStarting with my father, all of us like sports.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-22T16:36:24.410",
"id": "61673",
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] |
61416
|
61426
|
61426
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "For example, 「昼ごはんに寄せ鍋を食べた」or 「私に(は)辛すぎる」, in both cases meaning \"for\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T21:17:05.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61417",
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"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is にとって often shortened to に in spoken, colloquial Japanese?",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[] |
61417
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61422",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ああもう、マジで彼女が複数人いるような男は普段から何してんだ。\n\nspeaker's thoughts on his futility on getting a date\n\n> ...what do guys with lots of girls normally do?\n\nnot quite sure how to read 彼女が複数人いるような男, literally a guy that is similar to\nmany girls?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T01:01:29.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61419",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-10T03:02:05.700",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-10T02:53:46.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "How to interpret \"彼女が複数人いるような男\"",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means:\n\n> the kind of guy who has many girlfriends\n\nAようなB means \"a B that is like A,\" which in English we could also translate as\n\"an A kind of B.\"\n\nRecall also that いる, like ある can mean \"to have\". 彼女がいる = I have a girlfriend.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T03:02:05.700",
"id": "61422",
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"score": 3
}
] |
61419
|
61422
|
61422
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61421",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The “turns out” I speak of is the one you would use when recounting a\ndiscovery. For example,\n\n> I searched for my phone all day and **turns out** it was in my bag all\n> along!\n\nor\n\n> **Turns out** he was the murderer.\n\nHow would one say these sentences in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T01:53:31.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61420",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-10T06:36:27.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say “turns out”",
"view_count": 1823
}
|
[
{
"body": "Turns out would usually be 結局{けっきょく}, so:\n\n> I searched for my phone all day and **turns out** it was in my bag all\n> along!\n\nwould become something like\n一日中{いちにちじゅう}携帯{けいたい}を探したが{さがしたが}、結局{けっきょく}かばんの中{なか}にはいっていた。\n\nand...\n\n> **Turns out** he was the murderer.\n\nwould translate to 結局{けっきょく}彼{かれ}が殺人者{さつじんしゃ}だった。\n\nI hope this helps! Please notify if anything was unclear, of if you'd have\nadditional questions.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-10T02:51:05.443",
"id": "61421",
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] |
61420
|
61421
|
61421
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61439",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between いかなきゃ(ikanakya) and いかなきゃいけない(ikanakya ikenai)?\nFrom what I read in a forum, ikanakya translates to 'I have to go'. The\nconfusing thing is why does adding ikenai to ikanakya (ikanakya ikenai) mean\nexactly the same thing (I have to go) and not 'I do not have to go'?\n\nSources: \n<https://www.japan-guide.com/forum/quereadisplay.html?0+77952>\n<https://www.jref.com/articles/imperative-forms.111/>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T14:08:23.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61427",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-28T15:48:31.037",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-28T15:48:31.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"casual"
],
"title": "いかなきゃ vs いかなきゃいけない",
"view_count": 2112
}
|
[
{
"body": "The full, polite form of the expression is ～なければいけません or ～なければなりません which both\nmean \"I must ~\", and if you tried to translate it bit-by-bit you'd get\nsomething like \"Not doing ~ is no good\". (Note that while いけません does come from\nthe verb 行く, it doesn't mean \"I can't go\", it means something more like \"It's\nno good\".)\n\nIn plain form, いけません becomes いけない, and in casual speech ～なければ gets elided into\n～なきゃ (the same way \"going to\" becomes \"gonna\"). So the construction for \"must\"\nis ～なきゃいけない.\n\nHowever, the ～なきゃ construct is pretty much only used in this context, meaning\nthat the いけない can be taken for granted, and like many other things in Japanese\nit's fine to leave off the bit that everyone knows is meant to be there.\nHence, ～なきゃ is just an abbreviation for the longer construct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T01:58:53.300",
"id": "61439",
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61427
|
61439
|
61439
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "61443",
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"body": "As I begin to learn sonkeigo and kenjougo, I have come across several websites\nstating that levels of politeness and levels of respect are independent and\nnot to be confused. I understand the concept of politeness without respect,\nbut it seems to me that respect naturally contains the concept of politeness.\n(One would not be sloppy casual toward a respected person.) Furthering my\nconfusion, an apparently reliable website gives the following example:\n“私はただいま自宅におります。… Addressee honorific. Your being at home does not affect\nanyone. Using おります is just politeness to the addressee.” That example’s\nexplanation uses both “honorific” and “politeness” with respect to the same\none word. Similarly, I’ve seen teineigo described as both the second\npoliteness level and the first respect level.\n\nMy question is: would it be more accurate to say that sometimes expressions of\npoliteness are independent of respect, but at other times a word indicates\nboth? (I understand that keigo allows for various degrees of expressing both\npoliteness and respect.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T20:40:11.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61431",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-11T13:03:45.790",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-11T13:03:45.790",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "27152",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"keigo"
],
"title": "Relationship between Respect and Politeness in Japanese",
"view_count": 426
}
|
[
{
"body": "Question of the year right here. Trying to decipher English approximations of\nJapanese honorific systems has been a journey, so I totally get where you're\ncoming from.\n\n 1. Can expressions of politeness exist independent of respect? Linguistically, I would say yes. Although using です・ます体{たい} (desu/masu form) obviously takes into consideration the social positioning of the addressee, _linguistically_ its function as 丁寧語{ていねいご} is not technically to express respect (raising or lowering of social status by use of referents) but to express politeness (increasing social distance by use of verb stem). To put it in other words, 尊敬語{そんけいご} (respect honorifics) and 謙譲語{けんじょうご} (humble honorifics) feel more vertical, while 丁寧語 (polite _form_ ) feels more horizontal to me. That being said, none of this exists on a binary, and respect and politeness are certainly tied up in one another.\n\n 2. As for the specific sentence that おります that you ask about from [the LingWiki Keigo page](http://lingwiki.com/index.php?title=Keigo#The_Targeted_Nature_of_Honorific_Expressions), there is yet _another_ distinction that must be made to fully understand why they may have written \"politeness\" to describe the reasoning for using おります. Under the \"[Types of Honorifics](http://lingwiki.com/index.php?title=Keigo#Types_of_Honorifics)\" section on the LangWiki page, you can see that in 2006, the Institute of Japanese Language expanded from recognizing three types of keigo (sonkeigo, kenjougo, & teineigo) to five. What this allowed them to do was to make a more explicit distinction between **referent honorifics** and **addressee honorifics** (in addition to making an independent category for beautified language called 美化語{びかご}, e.g., adding prefixes お and ご to nouns like 店 and 本, respectively).\n\n * _Referent honorifics_ are easy enough to understand: they must **refer to or involve the respected person**. Clearly, sonkeigo falls into this category because it is talking about the actions of the respected person (e.g., 召し上がる is the honored action of the respected person).\n\n * _Addressee honorifics_ are more about expressing respect/politeness (hehe, wait for it) **towards the person(s) you are talking to**. Clearly, teineigo falls into this category because whether or not you use it depends on who you're talking to, not who you're talking about (e.g., using です・ます with your senpai).\n\n * Okay, so where does kenjougo fit into these? Acutally, with the 2006 expansion, _a new category of keigo was created_! It is called **丁重語{ていちょうご}** (or sometimes 荘重語{そうちょうご}). Teichougo ended up stealing some humble verb forms from kenjougo in order to make a distinction between involvement/non-involvement of the respected person.\n\n * Examples of verbs that are still kenjougo: いただく、伺{うかが}う、お+verb+する form. Why? Because these are actions that refer to/involve the respected person. If you receive a book from your sensei, you use いただく because you respect the fact that your _sensei gave you_ the book. When you visit your sensei in the office, you use 伺う because your visiting _disturbs/involves your sensei_.\n\n * Examples of verbs that became teichougo: おる（おります）、参る（参ります）、申す（申します）. Why? Because these are states that only refer to the speaker and have nothing to do with the respected person(s). Your going (おります), coming (参ります), and what you are called (申します) do not involve the respected person(s). I believe teichougo is only written in the ます form.\n\n * Okay! This brings me back to why the LangWiki page _probably_ used \"politeness\" to describe the use of おります. Take another look at the distinction between kenjougo and tenchougo. Obviously both are forms of showing respect (through raising other and lowering self, respectively), but doesn't tenchougo have slightly more of an air of the \"horizontal\" social distancing I brought up earlier? You use です・ます always when using tenchougo because both are about the relationship with the listener, but not always when using kenjougo because it's about the respect of the referent.\n\nThis was extremely long-winded and possibly unclear in places. Anyone, please\nfeel free to comment with content or organizational edit suggestions--and\nadmins, feel free to directly edit where you see fit. Best of luck in your\nlanguage study! 頑張ってください！",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-09-11T12:53:52.523",
"id": "61443",
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"score": 5
}
] |
61431
|
61443
|
61443
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62461",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do I determine the pronounication of compound nouns such as 来年夏.\n\nObviously 来年の夏 is pronounced らいねんのなつ but what happens when I remove the の?\nDoes it just become らいねんなつ? My guess from everything I've read is that it's\nmore likely to use an 音読み reading, which gives me a choice of らいねんか or らいねんげ.\nIt would be quite vexing if simply omitting the の changes the pronunciation,\nbut I fear this may be the case.\n\nCompounds like this don't appear in any dictionaries I've seen, so are there\nsome general rules to apply?\n\nHere's another example from the same article: 登山者数. Is it とざんしゃかず or とざんしゃすう",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T21:12:27.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61432",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-27T13:56:11.310",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"compounds",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "How to pronounce noun compounds",
"view_count": 212
}
|
[
{
"body": "If it is a simple omission of の, each word should keep its independent\npronunciation. So it should be らいねん + なつ.\n\nBut if you are attaching an affix, then it must be pronounced as an affix. So\nit is とざんしゃ + すう.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-23T02:24:59.687",
"id": "61687",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-23T02:24:59.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61432",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "来年夏 is pronounced \"らいねんなつ\".\n\nWords that are not followed by any hiragana are mostly pronounced with 音読み.\nHowever, in this case, 来年夏 is just a short form of 来年の夏, which means it is not\nan independent word. 来年夏 is composed by 2 different words \"来年(らいねん)\" and\n\"夏(なつ)\", and it’s not a single word. As a single word, 来年/夏 are pronounced\nらいねん/なつ。 Because 来年夏 is a collocation of these two words, both words have to\nbe pronounced in the way each of them makes sense as a single word.\n\nThe reason why \"の\" is eliminated is not something grammatical, but it just\nworks naturally that way.\n\n<来年、今年 or 去年> + <春、夏、秋 or 冬> are all pronounced as <らいねん、ことし、きょねん> +\nはる、なつ、あき、ふゆ> for that reason.\n\nThis way of eliminating \"の\" usually sounds more formal, and is used in written\nforms or news channels, professors’ lecture... or something a little bit\nformal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-27T13:49:25.833",
"id": "62461",
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"last_editor_user_id": "31724",
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] |
61432
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62461
|
62461
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I only know hiragana and katakana at this stage, so pardon the long sentence;\nI'm learning from the \"Japanese From Zero!\" books. In the book, the answer it\ngives for \"I will be busy this Friday\" is:\n\n> こんしゅうの きんようびは いそがしいです。\n\nThis is in response to someone asking to hang out on Friday. I used に instead\nof は when translating it. It seems to me that the literal English equivalents\nwould be \"This Friday is busy.\" vs. \"On Friday, I will be busy.\" Are the\nsentences equal either way in Japanese, or is one more natural than the other?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T21:37:12.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61433",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-11T02:06:02.343",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-10T21:57:57.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "31226",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the more natural way of saying: \"I will be busy this Friday.\"",
"view_count": 1886
}
|
[
{
"body": "> What is the more natural way of saying: \"I will be busy this Friday.\"\n\nI'll throw this out there since the \"more natural\" way could be dependent on\nthe context. If you are using \"I will be busy this Friday\" to decline/refuse\nan invitation from a Japanese person, it is a very direct way of doing so, and\ncould even be considered rude. As you probably know, Japanese people are\ngenerally not direct or confrontational, so a \"more natural\" way would be\nsomething less direct, like\n\n> * [今週]{こん・しゅう}の[金曜日]{きん・よう・び}はむずかしい... → This Friday would be difficult\n> (\"for me to go\" or something similar implied).\n> * 今週の金曜日はちょっと... → I'm not so sure about this Friday...\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T22:07:47.977",
"id": "61434",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-10T22:07:47.977",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 1. こんしゅうの きんようびは いそがしいです。\n> 2. こんしゅうの きんようびに いそがしいです。\n>\n\nBoth are grammatical and translate to \"I will be busy this Friday\" in English,\nbut they are used in different situations. Sentence 1 is used as a reply for\n\"Hey, can we have a meeting this Friday?\", whereas Sentence 2 is used as a\nreply for \"Which day of this week are you busy?\"\n\nIn Sentence 1, きんようび is marked with the topic-marker は. Japanese is a [topic-\nprominent language](https://eastasiastudent.net/study/topic-prominent/) and は\nis used to mark what you are talking _about_. Your literal translation will\nnot help you understand the difference because English is a subject-prominent\nlanguage. In essence, Sentence 1 is saying \"Regarding this Friday, (I am)\nbusy.\" If someone has already mentioned \"this Friday\" in the conversation and\nyou need to say something about it, it's natural to mark it as the topic of\nthe sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T01:57:16.160",
"id": "61438",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-09-11T02:06:02.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61433",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
61433
| null |
61438
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61437",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is a place in Hokkaidō called Saruba 去場 (さるば)\n\nWhat can be the literal meaning of this place name??",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-10T23:50:01.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61436",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-11T02:05:19.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31011",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"readings",
"names"
],
"title": "Literal meaning of 去場 (Saruba)",
"view_count": 244
}
|
[
{
"body": "「去る」 means to leave, depart, disappear from, etc. 「場」 means location, place.\n\nSo...I guess it would be something like \"The place from which you depart\".\n\nI should note that 「去る」 has a connotation of being low-key, stealthy, etc. You\nwouldn't 去る a location or event with much fanfare.\n\nAs it has been noted, the origin of that name is Ainu, and in that case the\nmeaning is equivalent to \"A village located upstream from paddy fields\". You\nwill find many examples of such names in Hokkaido, where the Ainu people lived\nfrom a long time ago.\n\nSource: [Millennium Village Project Webpage](http://mille-\nvill.org/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%EF%BC%BB%E6%B2%99%E6%B5%81%E9%83%A1%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%96%E7%94%BA%E5%8E%BB%E5%A0%B4%EF%BC%BD)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T01:38:01.173",
"id": "61437",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-11T02:05:19.690",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-11T02:05:19.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "18608",
"owner_user_id": "18608",
"parent_id": "61436",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
61436
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61437
|
61437
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand the sentence \"Can I take a picture with you?\" in Japanese\noverall, but I am a bit confused as for why one can use the particle も in the\nsentence? What does it do?\n\nThanks for the help! C",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T10:16:58.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61440",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-11T11:17:01.670",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30739",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Use of も in 一緒に写真を撮ってもいいですか？",
"view_count": 109
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's part of the construction ～てもいいです, which expresses permission.\n\nIn this case, も isn't the same as the particle も meaning 'also' or 'same'.\n\nExamples:\n\n * 新しくなくてもいいです。it's all right if it's not new/fresh. \n * ビールでもいいですか。Will beer do? \n * このいすを使ってもいいですか。May I use this chair? \n\nsource: Makino S., Tsutsui M.. (2006). A Dictionary Of Basic Japanese Grammar:\n日本語基本文法辞典. Tokyo: The Japan Times, page 471-473.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T11:17:01.670",
"id": "61442",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-11T11:17:01.670",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29821",
"parent_id": "61440",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
61440
| null |
61442
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61447",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 私は奥さんの **態度をどっちかに片付けてもらいたかった** のです。\n\nこれも [usage of ぎりで in this\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/61079/usage-\nof-%E3%81%8E%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A7-in-this-sentence) とおなじで、夏目漱石の「こころ」の一文です。\n\nこの「てもらいたかった」は[これ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60800/29959)によると「てもらいたい」の過去時制だとわかっています。\n\n質問は、\n\nこの「てもらいたい」は「てほしい」と同じ意味ですか。\n\n「片付け」は「部屋」や「書類」などに使う語のはずです。いみは「どこかをきれいにする」や「本を種類分けをして本棚に入れる」などのはずです。なぜ「態度」に使うのですか。もしかして「態度を変える」と理解するのでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T13:24:07.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61444",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-18T15:34:41.737",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-18T15:34:41.737",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"giving-and-receiving",
"literature"
],
"title": "How to understand 態度を片付け",
"view_count": 187
}
|
[
{
"body": "* この「片づける」は \"to settle down\", \"to sort out\" のような意味で使われています。現代文でも「問題を片づける」「トラブルを片づける」などと言うことができます。ただし、現代文で「態度を片づける」ということはまれだと思います。私なら「態度を決める」「態度について[片 **を** つける](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%89%87%E3%82%92%E4%BB%98%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B)」などと言うと思います。\n * この文の場合は、「～てもらいたい」と「～てほしい」はほとんど同じです。ただし、「～てもらいたい」の方が、話者自身に直接利益があるという印象が強くなります。例えば「ヤンキースに優勝してもらいたい」と言うと、まるでヤンキースの関係者が言っているように聞こえるかもしれません。単なるファンとして応援している場合は「ヤンキースに優勝して欲しい」というのが普通でしょう。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T15:14:18.880",
"id": "61447",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-11T15:19:50.633",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-11T15:19:50.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61444",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
61444
|
61447
|
61447
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61446",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can you combine 趣味{しゅみ} with a verb?\n\n> 1. 趣味{しゅみ}はジョギングをします。 \n> translation: My hobby is jogging. (verb)\n> 2. 趣味{しゅみ}はジョギングです。 \n> translation: My hobby is jogging. (noun)\n>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T13:54:40.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61445",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T01:38:12.147",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-12T01:38:12.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29821",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Can 趣味{しゅみ} be used with a verb?",
"view_count": 257
}
|
[
{
"body": "趣味はジョギングをします is incorrect; it sounds like there is a person called Shumi who\nis jogging.\n\nIf you want to say \"My hobby is ～ **ing** \", you need to use [a\nnominalizer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1395/5010).\n\n> * 趣味は走ることです。 My hobby is running.\n> * 趣味は本を読むことです。 My hobby is reading books.\n>\n\nジョギング(する) is a suru-verb, which means the part before する works also as a noun.\nSo you can say both of the following, although the latter is redundant and\nwordy:\n\n> * 趣味はジョギングです。 My hobby is jogging.\n> * 趣味はジョギングをすることです。 My hobby is jogging.\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T15:03:58.140",
"id": "61446",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T01:30:02.960",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61445",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
61445
|
61446
|
61446
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61450",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are locals on the Yaeyama islands also using Okinawan words/phrases or is it a\ncompletely different language? For example can I use はいさい (hello) or くわっちーさびら\n(thanks for the food) on the Yaeyama islands as well or do they have\ncompletely seperate expressions?\n\nIn Before: I am aware that Japanese is the language primarily spoken and that\nthose dialects are probably more used by the older generations if at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T17:22:32.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61448",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-11T20:38:18.070",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-11T20:38:18.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "3639",
"owner_user_id": "22480",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"ryukyuan-languages"
],
"title": "Difference between Okinawan and Yaeyama language",
"view_count": 267
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are entirely different languages.\n\nThe number of languages in the Ryuukyuu Islands is not entirely clear, mostly\ndue to different definitions of what counts as a 'separate language', and the\ngeneral lack of good, comprehensive documentation. Nonetheless, there are\ntraditionally five counted as separate:\n\n * North Ryuukyuuan: Amami, Okinawan\n * South Ryuukyuuan: Yaeyama, Miyako, Yonaguni\n\nThese five are clearly separate languages by basically any scientific\ndefinition, and there are almost certainly more, depending on the criteria you\nuse. For example, the language of Nakijin on Okinawa seems different enough\nfrom that of Naha (the 'main' one) to be a separate language, and some of the\nvariety between islands in the Yaeyama archipelago suggests there might be\nfive or six languages within 'Yaeyama' alone. I'd hazard a conservative guess\nthat there are really more like eight or nine Ryuukyuuan languages at a\nminimum, and maybe closer to twelve or thirteen depending on what counts as\n'different enough'.\n\nIn the popular conception, Naha Okinawan is sort of seen as the one\nrepresentative Ryuukyuuan language (not that anyone would use that term), and\nyou might find on Yaeyama that locals appreciate you attempting to use\nanything Ryuukyuuan. That said, Naha Okinawan is very different from\neverything used in the Yaeyama archipelago, and if you want to learn about the\nYaeyama language(s), you should look it up separately.\n\n([Scholarly source](https://lingdy.aa-ken.jp/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2011/07/2015-papers-and-presentations-\nAn_introduction_to_Ryukyuan_languages.pdf), for those interested. Compare the\ndescriptions of the different languages/dialects from Amami and from Miyako\nfor a sense of how the five-language classification is probably insufficient.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T20:37:45.083",
"id": "61450",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "61448",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
61448
|
61450
|
61450
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61454",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I posted a\n[question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/61353/nuance-\nof-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8-and-\na-potential-relative-clause) some time ago about this same sentence, but about\na different grammar problem than this one.\n\nSo the sentence:\n\n> せめてお願いをするあの子たち以外にはできるだけ迷惑をかけないようにしないと\n\nThe context is that the person saying this (monologing) is aiming to later\nlikely fight \"those girls\", because they'll likely oppose what she feels she\nneeds to do. Mostly because her plan could endanger people.\n\nSo here she is saying she'll try to limit bothering others (other than \"those\ngirls\") to a minimum.\n\nBut I'm wondering about the お願いをする あの子たち bit. Is this something like あの子たち\n**に** お願いをする so she is also saying she'll first ask them for help/to let her?\n\nOr is this something more nuanced?\n\nI'm mostly wondering because I know what happens afterwards, and she never\nreally does the asking. Well at least not until the plan goes sideways.\n\nSo, what's your oppinion on the meaning of お願いをする あの子たち?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T19:41:22.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61449",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T15:02:01.240",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-12T14:12:41.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "お願いをする あの子たち relative clause meaning",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "お願いをするあの子たち by itself can mean both:\n\n 1. those girls who (will) ask a favor (of someone else)\n 2. those girls I (will) ask a favor of\n\nJudging from the context you provided, I think it probably means the latter,\ni.e., this person is going to ask a favor of those girls. But I don't know\nwhat this お願い actually refers to.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T01:07:25.530",
"id": "61454",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T06:19:51.693",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-12T06:19:51.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I think it is important that there is the line break and possible comma after\nお願いをする according to the other question. I don't think the first part is\nrelative clause at all, since it's probably casually spoken language [the\ngrammar is a bit lax](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/casual.html#part3).\n\nI would interpret it as making a wish (as in to a deity) (せめてお願いをする) and then\nsaying that she has to try to not harm/inconvenience anyone but the girls\n(あの子たち以外にはできるだけ迷惑をかけないようにしないと)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T15:02:01.240",
"id": "61465",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T15:02:01.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31243",
"parent_id": "61449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
61449
|
61454
|
61454
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61453",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> こいつにとって水泳は本当に一日の楽しみなんだと思う。\n\nThe person in question here swims literally everyday.\n\n> \"I think she really enjoys swimming (everyday? all the time?)\"\n\nIt's hard to fit [these use cases\nhere](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/27269/meaning-\nof-%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E3%82%82%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-11T21:18:15.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61451",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T14:28:47.273",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-12T14:28:47.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"set-phrases",
"idioms"
],
"title": "How to interpret \"一日の楽しみ\"",
"view_count": 160
}
|
[
{
"body": "一日の楽しみ is not a common phrase, but I think it's almost the same as 毎日の楽しみ, or\none's favorite activity which they do almost everyday. More typical examples\nof 一日の楽しみ would include 食後のビール, 昼寝, ネットサーフィン, 寝る前のゲーム, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T00:59:23.377",
"id": "61453",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T00:59:23.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61451",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "一日の楽しみ sounds like 'the fun part of a day' or 'the fun thing/activity that\nenables him to endure his daily work by being looking forward to that'. Good\nexamples of 一日の楽しみs are already shown in Naruto-san's answer.\n\nIn Japanese, we often say \"~を楽しみにして頑張る/耐える\"-ish phrases, that is, \"to work\nhard/to endure something by being looking forward to ~\". 一日の楽しみ carries the\nnuance of such phrases.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T14:02:03.613",
"id": "61464",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T14:02:03.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20234",
"parent_id": "61451",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61451
|
61453
|
61453
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61558",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When shin kanzen master defines the connections for some grammar forms, it\noften notes that である must be used for na-adjectives.\n\nFor example, in the grammar point for ～にもかかわらず in shin kanzen master grammar\nN2, the following connection rule is given:\n\n> 名・普通形（ナ形 ~~だ~~ - である・名 ~~だ~~ - である） ＋にもかかわらず\n\nIt seems this connection rule needs to be memorized to get the correct answer\nto exercises.\n\nFor example, exercise 10 on page 127 of shin kanzen master grammar N2 states:\n\n> **（ ）の中の言葉を適当な形にして、必要なら「の」を加えて＿＿＿の上に書きなさい。**\n>\n> ...\n>\n> 10 この本は、内容が非常に ＿＿＿＿ にもかかわらず、よく整理されていてわかりやすい。\n>\n> (複雑な）\n\nThe solution for this exercise is 複雑である. In particular, the addition of である is\nnecessary to satisfy the connection rule given in the grammar point's\ndefinition (as written above.)\n\nThere are many other grammar forms that require である for na-adjectives. Rather\nthan naively memorizing all of these cases, are there general rules to know\nwhy/when である needs to be used to connect a na-adjective to a grammar form?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T04:41:34.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61458",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T03:07:20.903",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Why/when is である required for na-adjectives in grammar forms?",
"view_count": 477
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are rules, but they are complicated. \n\nThe short explanation: \n1. にもかかわらず needs to be preceded by a noun or noun equivalent. \n2. a noun equivalent can be made with a nominalizer. \n3. in the case of にもかかわらず the nominalizer の can often be omitted. \n4. the nominalizer needs to be preceded by 連体形. \n5. だ is not 連体形, it is 終止形, so it needs to be replaced by a 連体形 such as である. \n\nThe longer explanation: \nAnything that can be conjugated in Japanese is called 用言. \nThere are 3 kinds of 用言: \n動詞: verbs \n形容詞: i-adjectives \n形容動詞: na-adjectives \n\nThere are 5 conjugations: \n未然形 \n連用形 \n終止形: used at the end of the sentence \n連体形: used before a noun \n仮定形: to express condition \n命令形: to express order \n\nThe site below shows how to conjugate na-adjectives: \n[https://www.kokugobunpou.com/用言/形容動詞-2-活用/](https://www.kokugobunpou.com/%E7%94%A8%E8%A8%80/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E-2-%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8/) \nきれい だろ う （未然形） \nきれい だっ た （連用形） \nきれい で ない （連用形） \nきれい に なる （連用形） \nきれい だ 。 （終止形） \nきれい な とき （連体形） \nきれい なら （ば）（仮定形） \n\nSo let's go back to the explanation above: \n\n 1. にもかかわらず needs to be preceded by a noun or noun equivalent. \nExamples: \n学生にもかかわらず \n先生にもかかわらず \n\n 2. a noun equivalent can be made with a nominalizer. \nExamples: \n書くのにもかかわらず \n飲むのにもかかわらず \n\n 3. in the case of にもかかわらず the nominalizer の can often be omitted. \nExamples: \n書くにもかかわらず \n飲むにもかかわらず \n\n 4. the nominalizer needs to be preceded by 連体形. \nExamples: \n書く(の)にもかかわらず \nつまらない(の)にもかかわらず \n元気な(の)にもかかわらず \n\n 5. だ is not 連体形, it is 終止形, so it needs to be replaced by a 連体形 such as である. \n元気である(の)にもかかわらず \nWrong: 元気だ(の)にもかかわらず",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-17T03:02:01.040",
"id": "61558",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-17T03:07:20.903",
"last_edit_date": "2018-09-17T03:07:20.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "18157",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "61458",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61458
|
61558
|
61558
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61460",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do you say \"She looks good in everything\" (in terms of clothing)? Context\nis, someone said a certain girl looks like in a certain outfit, to what I'd\nlike to say the above. My first idea was 彼女なら何でも似合ってる but it feels a bit off.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T06:07:21.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61459",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T06:13:03.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31238",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How do you say \"She looks good in everything\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 2571
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your word choice is already perfect, but you don't need the progressive form\n(ってる) here (unless you have actually seen her in various types of outfit and\nwant to emphasize that fact). How about:\n\n * 彼女なら何でも似合う。\n * 彼女は何を着ても似合う。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T06:13:03.530",
"id": "61460",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-12T06:13:03.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61459",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
61459
|
61460
|
61460
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "61477",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've just learnt that AといったB means \"B such as A\". I was wondering how this\ndiffered in formality/usage/popularity from AなどのB.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-12T19:48:34.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "61467",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T01:50:27.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"formality",
"particle-など"
],
"title": "Formality and usage of といった",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "* In technical contexts, などの is preferred because it's unambiguous. \n\n> アルカリ金属、金、銀などの電気伝導性の高い金属は超伝導にならない。\n\n * といった meaning \"such as\" is usually used when there are two (or more) instances, in the form `A や B (や C) といった`.\n * といった is preferred when you make light of the listed things (i.e. \"such things as ～\"). \n\n> 私はリアリストなので、夢や希望といった話には興味がない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-13T01:50:27.020",
"id": "61477",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-13T01:50:27.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "61467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
61467
|
61477
|
61477
|
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